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The Railroad Trainman

Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen

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(

The

Railroad Trainmen's
Journal

The Official Publication Of The

Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen

Published Monthly By The Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen,
At Cleveland, Ohio, U. S. A.

D. L. CEASE, Editor and Manager

Volume XXIV, 1907

Printed by

The Britton Printing Company
Caxton Blocks - Cleveland, Ohio

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INDEX

EDITORIAL

Accidents. Railroads Ought To Be Held For. 652

Air Brakes 1088

Alabama's Redemption ^ . . 924

Arbitration Compulsory 1 087

Arbitration Law Passed In Canada, Compul-
sory 438

Asiatics Must Be Excluded 015

Atlanta Convention, The 528

Atlanta Convention, Open Meeting 530

B
Brotherhood. Become A Working Part Of The 635

Brotherhood Fixed The Chicago Rate 88

Brotherhood Law. Changes In The 816

Brotherly Love In Business, No 435

Business, Always Be Ready For 709

Canadian Labor Organizations. Proposed Leg-
islative Interference With 76

Canadian Legislation 363

Cannon. Why Joseph G. Should Not Be

Speaker 987

Caste, The Distinctions And Effects Of. 345

Chancellor Day Thanks The Trust 257

Chicago Settlement, Something More On The. 93

Child Labor Laws, Reform In 89

ChiliJ Labor. States Only Can Control 265

Child Toilers. Another Donation For The 368

Citizen, The Average 94

Comparison, A That Does Not Flatter 166

Compensation Act, A General 66

Conference, The Trust 1067

Construction. Government Vs. Individual .... 445

Convention Suggestions 159

Convention, The Eighth B.cnnial 359

Convention Work And Election 549

Correspondence School Watched 926

Country, A White Man's 979

Criminal Carelessness On The Part Of Rail-
roads 1078

Death Roll, Who Is Responsible For 442

Defective Cars 1 088

Discharged, Refused To Be 552

Discontent, Wages Of 254

Eastern .Association 436

Educational Problem 71

Eight Hour Day, The 63

Employe iSot Responsible • 64

Employes And Contracts 259

^^^ Employers' Liability Act Constitutional 429

^^V Employers' Liability Bill Unconstitutional.... 162

^^ Europe, Wages Go To 726

^* Everybody I-end A Hand 807

}f^ Evidence Not To Be Used In Court Cases In
^^ Canada 651

Fair IJst At Pittsburg, Trainmen On The... 830

Filipinos Vote, The 827

Foreign Goods, Or Foreign Workmen 826

Full Crew Bills, Arkansas And New York... 550

Galveston, Texas 157

(ialveston Wharves 65

Government, Not Injunction 1082

Government \'s. Corporation Construction... 525

Hard Times Promised 982

Hawley To The .y F. L 91

High Prices, A Rich Man's Reason For 1076

Hobo, The Non Air 1083

Holler All The Time 168

Horse, The Public 1084

Hospital Relief No Bar 926

Immigration, The Pathetic Side Of 81

Indian Coolies For Canada 63

Indian Coolies In America 922

Industry, Standardized 828

Industry. The Death Roll Of 427

Injustices, The Many 362

Japan Invites Trouble 261

Japan,. The United States Entertains 638

Japan's Purpose , 828

Japanese Agitation In India 1086

Judgment. An Error Of 652

Liability Law, Around The 64

Living Problem Of The New Comer 650

Living, To Get The Cost Of 78

Long Hours 61

Lord's Day Act, Canada 357

Manufacturers* Association Plays Baby 910

Mileage, Cutting Down The 728

Millions To Fight I^bor Organization 646

Mistaken Again 926

Mongolian Fuss, The 63

Old Times, The Myth Of The Good 918

Organization for The Professions, Need Of. . 821
Ownership, For Government 1086

Panama 1088

Pension, Old Age For The Typographical

Union 1072

Postal Rates Ixjwer 62

Prize, Nobel The 168

Public Sense of Right Degenerating? Is The. 814

Public, The Rights Of The 985

Public Won't Stand For It, The 262

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INDEX
EDITORIAL— Continued

Railroad Business, Things Doing In The 710

Railroad Service, Improved Conditions In... 74

Railway Duty. The Hours Of fSl

Record, A Wonderful 92.3

Rockefeller Invests A Few Millions 264

Safety Appliance Law, A Careful Decision In

Favor Of The 1080

Safety Appliance Law, Enforcement Of The. 641
Schlemmer Case, The Supreme Court Decides

The 365

School For Railroad Men, A 825

Settlements, Yard 77

Sixteen Hour Bill Passed 356

Sixteen Hour Law, The 251

Skilled Labor, Foreign May Be Contracted

For 818

Some Things Doing 61

Standard's Harvest, The 823

Standard Is Fined 827

Steady, Everybody Stand 1083

Strength And Weakness, Our 909

Strike, Echo Of The 1085

Strike, Huntingdon And Broad Top Rail way.. 1075

Strike, The Colorado And Southern 829

Strike, The Colorado And Southern 921

Strike, Toledo Railway And Terminal Com-
pany 1 56

Sunday Freight Trains Unlawful 6.'i

Switchmen's Union And Sympathetic Strikes. 990

S. U. Sleight Of Hand 65

Switchmen's Union Starts To Drive Members

Of The Brotherhood From Yar<^^ Service .. . 86

Switchmen, The DiflFerential Allowed 983

Switchmen's Way, The 167

Tax, The Foreigner Pays The 81 1

Time, Now Is The 166

Trackmen, Help To Organize The 349

Trainmen Denounced By Hawley 73

United Labor League Makes Amends 913

Wage Agreements 70

Wage Selllement 13ear, Who Killed The 164

Wage Settlement, The Western 439

Western Roads Fined 991

Where Are We At 992

Women Must Work Nights 720

Worker, America The Best Place For The... 527
Workman, The Independent Promised A

Crown 809

Worse And More Of It 547

Wreck And Death 64

Wrecks And Suggested Remedies 351

Wrong Must Be Corrected 643

THE JOURNAL

Alaska Northwestern, Methods Of Travel In. 183
Alaska Northwestern, The Seward Peninsula. 107

Apprentice, The Future Of The 876

Apprenticeship And Corporation Schools, The

Decay Of 1014

Arctic, Railroading In The 860

Asiatic Question, The Real 1001

Atlanta 383

Baby's N'ictory, The 498

Barbecue, The 563

Before They Come 197

Beyond The Pale 85

Bluff, The Stage Driver's 130

Boomer, The 486

British Employers' Liability Law 037

Capital And Labor, The War Between 871

Chicago Industrial Exhibit 281

Child Labor 577

Child Labor And The Nations 870

Child Labor Becoming An Issue 209

Children, Sacrificing The 878

China And Japan, How They Differ 674

China, The Great Interior Trunk Line Of... 761

Christmas Bells 999

Christmas Eve, A 1005

Christmas Story, A 1034

Christmas, The Story Of A Strange 1020

Cities Made To Order 306

Cuban Railway Traffic 579

Derelict, The 32

Employers, The Duties Of The 847

Equality 405

Evolution, Our Mad r 585

Exclusion Laws, World's 765

F
Factory Settlement, The Social Condition Of A.400

Foreign Encroachment 943

Freight Car Situation, The 1053

Garment Workers at Home 949

(V\r\ in Business. The 388

God, A Gilded 459

Going Some 130

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INDEX

THE JOURNAL— Continued

High Bred Men 663

Vlislory's Most Transcendent Lessons 26

Housing Problem In Wisconsin 591

Hnmamty Robbing Itself Of The Full Life. 205

Idtals, Realistic 304

Inmusrant Story, Another Side To The 298

Industry. The Death Roll Of 472

Inheritance, The Tragedy Of An 666

Injuries, Compensation For 1028

Inland Empire System Of Electric Railways. .1011

Insurance, Working Man's 9

It Can Be Had 461

Julie Anderson

Labor Movement, The Ideals Of The.

Labor, Primary Demands Of

Lady, Love Of A

Laws, Two Supreme

607

492

748

776

1009

Life And Limb Vs. Dollars And Cents 573

Life's Battles 181

Life, The Ladder Of 105

Living, Getting A 588

Liring, The Actual Cost Of 856

Locomotive Driver, A Yarn Of The 4U7

Logger Number Four. On 609

Man, How The Outcast Became A

Member, The Absent

Mt. Lowe, California

29
775
743

Necessities, The 40

Not Yet, But Soon 061

Number Eighty-Seven, The Adolescence Of. . 11
Number Six, The Light Of 208

Old Glory, The Next Two Stars On . .

Old Guard, The Last Of The

Old Men, What Is To Become Of The

Our Hearts To Yours

Overalls, Ten Cents

114
769
690
698
689

Pacific. The Undefended 3

Faoaraa Canal, Chinese Labor And The 122

Panama, Life Stories Two 17

Passing Of Man. The 935

Pay Car. The Passing Of Thr 843

Pensions, Old Age 780

Pete's Bride 509

Phantoms, Jim's 188

Poor. Justice To The 128

Progress, The First Step Into A Sensible 126

Railroad Station. Sold Mexican Don A.
Raamd Story. A

496
598

Railroads, The Working Of The 214

Railway Ownership, Experiments In State . . 28

Railway Track in America, Over The First.. 1026

Railway Wrecks Continue 287

Reverie 882

Rights, The Discarded Inalienable 858

Room At The Top For You 561

Roundhouse Stories 293

Russia, As Seen In 'Its Workmen 191

Russia, Famine In 296

Russian Cigarettes, The 605

Sacrifice Workers' Lives For Greed 604

Safety Appliances, Violations 677

Sanatorium, The South Mountain Camp Ill

Schoolhouse. The Old Forsaken 1042

Sentiment Without Sense 742

Serb Immigrant, The 939

Shamelcssness Of Sue, The 601

Sick 698

Sins, Clinging To Our Own 946

Sleep, How To 676

Small Investor Loses, Why The 785

Stage Driver's Proxy, The 685

Stars Grow Cold, When The 502

Stranger At San Marcial, The 566

Strategist, A 685

Stubtoe Land 882

Sunshine Follows Night . . , 279

Sweated Trades In Philadelphia, Women In

The 391

Sweet Lavender 739

Swiss Railways For The Swiss I*eople 849

Switched By A Landslide 313

Ten Too Many 516

Things To Forget 1056

Toiler, The 381

Toifers In Mill And Shop, Little 787

Train, On The 788

Trap, A Wife's 221

Turmoil, The Modern Intellectual 470

Turpin Feminized 219

Undertaker, The Popular 38

Union, The Power Of 783

Wage, The Living 955

Waitress, The Story Of \ 760

War, The Prevention Of 582

Widow Clancy's New Partner 483

Work Shop, The Human Side Of The 954

Working Women Must Organize, Why 839

You'll Never Pass Jhi^i W^y^OOglt' ^^'^

INDEX

POETRY

A Chance 407

A Girl I Used To Know 42

A Lemon ; 886

A Page From The Book Of Life 1046

A Toast To The Engineer 316

An Unlucky Fellow 43

After Christmas 44

Consistency 224

Counterfeit 960

Do You Ever Think? 315

Dreams 316

F
Fishin*. What Is Fishin' 223

His Last Run '. . . 224

I Dunno 1046

In After Years 518

Lilac Lure 614

Now

315

Only a Railroad Brakeman 132

Patriotic Blood «13

She Called Me 518

Sometime — Somewhere 614

Success 517

The Ancient Codger Slips a Cog 407

The Belle of Long Ago 42

The Brakeman 693

The Child Slave 408

The Clonductor 790

The Elocutionist's Curfew 42

The Fireman 408

The Lost Spirit * 960

The Old Howling Blizzard 316

The Prayers Of The Workmen 223

The Railway Flagman 959

The Return 1046

The Shadows 613

The Thoughtless Fool 43

The Torch 959

The Two Cilasscs 517

The Two Paths 692

Today 693

What Of The Knight? 790

Wilderness X'agabond 518

With The Jails 614

Write Them A Letter Tonight 885

Fireside 41; 131; 223; 315; 407; 517; Oil; 091; 789; 883; 957; 1043.

Train Rules 45; 133; 225; 317; 400; 511; 015; 095; 791; 887; 967; 1047

Brotherhood 51; 139; 231; 325; 417; 519; 621; 699; 795; 897; 965; 1043

Notes 95; 169; 267; 309; 447; 551; 651; 729; 831; 927; 993; 1089.

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IkULBOAD TRAJNMJP JOUMAL]

% ^J«*.

r^JP

Pabliahed Monthly bjr the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen.
Eotored al the poet^flloe at Olereland, Ohio, aa aeoond niaea matter.

B. L. CEASE

EOITOB AND MaNAGBB

Subscription Psicb
$1.0U Per Year In Advance

Vol. XXIV.

JANUARY 1907.

No. 1

The Undefended Pacific.

|HK little show of temper on the
pa ft of Japan has brought a few
persons, at least, to a sense of
our helplessness in the Pacific.
We have a long coast line on the west,
then we have Hawaii, Guam, and the Phi-
lippines in even worse condition so far as
defenses are concerned.

The nation has rested on its assertions
that it was not a nation of conquest, that it
had no designs on the territory of other
nations and that its commerce was the
paramount issue always. But conquest was
forced uiK>n the United States, it accepted
certain territory, or bought it rather, to
prove to the world that it was good natured
pnd had the price. It was a legal heritage
that came to us because we did not know
enough to mind cur own business and the
late unpleasantness in Cuba has pretty well
settled that question in the minds of those
who wrre doubtful up to the time the Cu-
ban patriots sacrificed home rule for office.
Spain ought to send us something nice once
a year for helping her unload that Cuban
trouble and all that went with it. And,
think of it. too, $20,000,000.00 . paid down
and more than $4i»0.000,000.00 spent in the
Philippines for the simple sake of teaching
the Philipinos self-government.

But we have them and it is up to thi^
Government to get ready to protect or
lose them one of these days, just as the
Spaniards did because they could not boll
thi'in aga'u.^t an enemy.

The world has selected the Japanese as
the next nation that will war against the
United States. If this prophecy comes true,
and we are no better off than we are now,
wt will not make so much cheerful lUMse
when the cable reports come from Manila.
Then we also will have Guam, Hawaii, and
eventually the Pacific Coast to hear from
with no hope of g(K>d news. Quaker guns
and diplomacy fail when the real guns
commence to send thousand pound shells
through the air.

Frederick Palmer lately presented the
question in a very able article m Ctfllicr*s
and his statements do not lend much assur-
ance to our pretended ability to "lick fhe
world.*' They show us where we are at in
the Pacific. In part he said :

The increase of Japanese immigration can
only mean an increase of racial prejudice
on the Pacific Coast, and the immigrants
will be quick to appeal to their home Gov-
ernment on any provocation.

The traveler in Japan is so frequently
told that Japan <te§ftiz^fcy^'CXl^' Philip-

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

pines that he suspects the Japanese mind of
dwelhng on the subject overmuch. The
Japanese are a warlike race. They are
flushed with victory. No sooner had they
linished the war with China than they be-
gan to prepare for war with Russia. Since
the Treaty of Portsmouth it has been the
talk of the Far East that they would turn
their attention to us, and they have steadily
augmented iheir military strength. Just in
the same way as the Japanese masses
thought that Russia had robbed them of the
fruits of their victory over China, so today

the spread of the Eastern Island Empire;
therefore, we are vulnerable. If Japan
should declare war on us tomorrow she
would find us worse prepared for the de-
fense of the Philippines than Russia was
for the defense of the Liaotung Peninsula.
Japan is ready to act at a moment's notice.
She works with the same quiet unity of
purpose toward a national policy that Har-
riman does toward the capture of a rail-
road. While we are not thinking of the
Philippines at all she may be thinking of
them very hard. When we lose command

FILIPINO RESIDENCE AND FAMILY

they think that the good offices of President
Roosevelt robbed them of an enormous in-
demnity. The truth is, as statesmen know,
that his action came at a very happy time
for Japan. But the Oriental statesman is
as little inclined rs our own to shift to his
shoulders blame which is already placed
elsewhere.

]f George Dewey had been ordered to
sail away from Manila Bay after he had
sunk Montojo's squadron Japan would not
have made her representations to Washing-
ton in such a determined fashion. We have
some Asiatic islands which are in line with

of the Pacific, Alaska as well as the islands
is cut off.

Should such a crisis arise, the question
would be one of guns and ships. There are
no battleships for sale on the open market.
Wealth will no more buy them in a hurry
than shares in a water company will quench
your thirst if you are in the middle of the
Sahara. In a crisis their need is as press-
ing as that of a tourniquet when an artery
is cut.

Now, this article is not faint-hearted or
meant in any sense as a "war- scare'' sensa-
tion. Nor am I revealing any State or mili-
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

tary information which is not as well
known to the Japanese as to the American
Government My object is to inform the
public of a situation in a country where
public opinion rules.

The Philippine Islands have cost us
^<M»,(KK),(MX) thus far, and we have not yet
provided for their defense or decided what
we are going to do with them. The lesson
of Rojestvensky's effort to go from the
Baltic to Tsushima without coaling stations
seems to have been lost on our national
Legislature.

bunkers. Thanks to Congressional delay
there is not a single gun emplaced at Ha-
waii, at Guam, or at Kiska Island in Alaska.
Some batteries liave been emplaced at Ma-
nila; but there is not a single coast artil-
leryman in any of our Pacific dependencies.
The difference between an adequately de-
fended harbor and an inadequately defend-
ed harbor is the difference between holding
a doorway against a thug with a revolver
and with your arms tied behind you. Our
regulars have no superior man to man ; our
ships have no superior ship to ship — ^no

PHILIPPINE R. R. TRAIN

Within 1,70(» miles of Manila is the home
base of the concentrated Japanese fleet.
Our fleet on the Atlantic is 17.314 miles
away from Manila by Suez and about 11,0()()
miles away by Cape Horn. It would have
to make a longer voyage than Rojestvensky
did. On the way the only coaling station
and drydocks would be by the Cape Horn
route — and those at San Francisco. Coal-
ing stations and drydocks mean to the man-
of-war what food and sleep do to the sol-
dier.

The only use of the stations at Manila
and in Hawaii would be to fill the enemy's

equal, I think with confidence as an .Ameri-
can. But our San Francisco gunners can
not defend Manila and our ships can not
keep their bottoms clean without drydocks
or run without coal. For the guns we have
ready in the United States we need forty-
five thousand men, and we liave only ten
thousand.

If Japan made war on us tomorrow she
could reach Manila hi si.x days with eleven
battleships and six armored crusiers. Be-
fore our Atlantic fleet could reach Cape
Horn she could put a fully equipped army
corps of over forty thousapd,' men into the
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Philippines. * Against overwhelming naval
odds our four armored crusiers, which are
en route to the Far East, would Ijave to
seek a rendezvous with the Atlantic fleet.
The big floating drydock which was towed
via Suez would probably have to be de-
stroyed or fall into the hands of the enemy.
Our ten thousand infantry and cavalry scat-
tered over the islands would be besieged.

By the time our fleet had arrived Japan
would have made a naval base at Manila or
Subig Bay and would be standing ready in
her own doorway to receive the stranger.

cause we had not made Manila a secure
harbor.

When the Canal is built the Atlantic fleet
will have a route to the Pacific, and with
Hawaii and Manila well fortified protected
bases will be in readiness. Then it may
take its time to go, and it may fight with
clean bottoms. Are we going to hold the
Philippines? Are we going to maintain
ourselves, as a great power on the Pacific?

Japan's want of funds I'ud not our
strength is the present guarantee of peace.
However, it is not wise to count too much

NATIVE VILLAGE, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

\Vc would hcivc -ilisohilolv \U) harbor which
wc could enter. She would '-lioose her time
and place for the light, allowing us to stew
on the tropical sea and use up our coal
supply. All the advantages of positioir
Togo had over Rojcstvensky he would have
over us. The confidence of llie Japanese is
enormous. According to naval precedent
U!:dor such a handicap we ought to out-
number the Japanese by four to three,
which is the present ratio of our superiority.
After we had won we would be securing
onlv the islands wc had lost — and lost be-

t»n wealth and inniiber>. This would b.- a
naval campaign pure and simple, and naval
warfare is cheap beside land warfare. The
main extra expenses of a force always ou
war fooling are .-'.nnnunition and coal. Out
of the vast sum we have spent in the Phi-
lippines only $20JMM),0(MJ is charged to the
navy.

.Any policy of Japan's or ours which
tends to make us unpopular in the bar East
injures our position as her conunercial com-
petitor. That sentiment on the Pacific
Coast which would break ouivHeaty oblfga-
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

tions with a triendly nation can only be
logical by advocating half a dozen new bat-
tleships at the next session of Congress and
a provision for the speedy manning and the
rapid construction of our Asiatic coast de-
fenses. The best way of keeping any na-
tion's friendship is by never giving her any
selfish o])ject for being unfriendly. Be-
sides, no American who has been in the
Far Rast ever likes to consider that his flag
is under the threat, however polite, of be-
ing hauled down even temporarily. Should
it ever he hauled down temporarily there

would be augmented and further govern-
mental differences assured

The Japs are somewhat like ourselves.
They have done everything they could to
keep ;he foreign businessman out of Japan
and the government has taxed all articles
that are used by foreigners in Japan. Thus
it has its own pnUective tariff to that ex-
tent. The Japs do not like any other race
They are as jealous of their race and his-
tory as wc are and moreover, they are
ready to fight in defense of their nation at
the drop of the hat. Peace is assured, for

THE QUEEN'S PALACE, HONOLULU. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

wili bo no Portsmouth until it has gone up
to stay permanently."

We have not, as yet, been overrun with
Japanese immigration. The Japanese un-
derstand our objection to their race. They
object just as strenuously against our own.
but when they wanted our friendship they
restricted emigration to the United States.
The population of Japan increases at the
rate o! OfM),0<X) a year and she could add to
the present situation on the Pacific Coast
by sending' half of that increase to us each
year. There is no restriction against Japan-
ese The school situation as it now stands

a time, because the Empire is out of money,
but it will have some one of these days.

.'\11 Kuropc is alive to the situation and
the comments of the press show that little
sympathy is held for the United States.
The Paris Figaro said : "Do the North-
.\mericans wish to al)olish the rainbow?
Red Indians, negroes, yellow Asiatics, all
the colors are to be banished from the soil
of the United States. Putting out of the
question the black and the red, here we
find the Japanese protesting against the
somewhat rude and exclusive usages of the
Americans. The C^iyp,^^(35^<2'<!)^©!sle"-

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

plained. Chinese students, etc., even a
member of the Chinese Legation, were de-
tained at Ellis Island as coolies."

The Frankfurter Zcitung said : "The
Philippines present an enticing object to
the eyes of Japan, and it is believed in th-j
United States that Japan's mouth is water-
ing for the islands. There arc only 20,000
American soldiers in the archipelago, a quite
insufficient force to protect it. America's
only means of defejiding it is her fleet She
has only fifteen .ships of various classes in
the Pacific, so thnt it is casil/ to be under-

ties of another nation. If California per-
sists, the Japanese Government and people
will come to the conclusion that treaty obli-
gations are being set aside by the United
States, and that Japanese subjects are be-
ing treated with gross indignity. Japan is
in a position to retaliate. She can say, if
Japanese are not good enough to mix witTi
Americans, then Americans are not good
enough to mix with Japanese. The day she
says that, a great and growing branch of
American commerce is likely to go by the
board. A Chinese boycott on no great .scab

STREET SCENE, HONOLULU

stood wiiv ihe protest of the Japanese Am-
bassador should make Washington a little
nervous.''

The London Times said : *'The Japanese
Government are fully aware that what they
complain of is a purely local affair, and
with that remarkable power of taking per-
fectly detached views which the Japanese
have manifested ihcy will doubtless give
full weight to the consideration that in
other parts of the Union Japanese subjects
are properly treated. Still, they can not be
expected to carry beyond a certain point
their allowance for the municipal difficul-

was found extremely inconvenient. A Jap-
anese boycott will be very much more seri-
ous. Its effects would be very heavily felt
by the offending State because San Fran-
cisco is the center of a great trade with the
Ra*;t and the home port for important lines
of American steamers. It is not always
that the offender bears the brunt of his mis-
chief, and perhaps in the fact that in this
case he will do so lies the best hope of a
settlement of the question."

The Ileonomiste Franeais said : "The
.Asiatics, who are compelled to emigrate,
and desire to enjoy [J^]^f|jf^i(ck)ing so, are

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

easily able to defend themselves. This has
been shown not only by the Japanese vic-
tories over the Russians, but by the Chinese
boycott of American goods. They ought to
have their share, and not to be excluded on
all sides. Many complications, present and
future, would doubtless be obviated if the
Philippines could, by some arrangement or
other, be handed over to the Japanese, for
the archipelagoes of the Pacific seem to
afford a natural outlet for the spread of the
yellow race."

And the San Francisco Chronicle said:

"The mass of the Hawaiian population is

non-Caucasian. Of the non-Caucasians the

Japanese is the dominant race. No human

power can long prevent the assimilation of

the civilization of any country to that of the
mass of its inhabitants. For all practical
purposes Hawaii is today a Japanese colony.
What we are fighting for on this coast is
that California and Oregon and Washing-
ton shall not become what the territory of
Hawaii now is. If the Japanese are per-
mitted to come here freely nothing can pre-
vent that except revolution and massacre,
which would be certain."

So, we are not unaware of our true posi-
tion, nor are we unadvised of how our na-
tional position is regarded by the rest of
the world. The question is, shall some-
thing be done to place us in a position to
defend ourselves at every point and remove
the temptation for war or will we depend
upon diplomacy, and take our chances?

Workingman's Insurance.

BY DAVID KINLEV, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS,

INSURANCE against accidents,
occupational diseases, sickness,
invalidism and old age is an
established institution in some of
the countries of Europe. Even England, the
home of individualism, has gone so far as
to pass a law providing for compensation to
workmen for injuries incurred in the course
of their occupation. Our country alone of
all the great industrial countries has done
nothing.

The ordinary man's opinion is that there
is no need for such a law in this country,
because with their higher rate of wages and
greater intelligence our workingmen are ■
able to take care of themselves, and that
the occurrence of industrial accidents is not
frequent enough to justify it. The facts,
however, are all against this view. The
statistics are not very full on the subject
and such as exist relate to accidents in par-
ticular occupations. Therefore this article
docs not discuss insurance for invalidism,
sickness or old age ; yet we will find enough
for serious thought.

In Illinois, in the year ended June 30.
1906, 904 persons were killed on the steam

railroads, twenty-nine on electric surface
and elevated railways, and 199 in work con-
nected with coal mining. This gives a total
of 1,132 persons killed within one year in
work connected with these two lines of in-
dustry. During the same year, 4.577 per-
sons were injured on the steam railroads of
the state,. 491 on the electric railways, and
535 in and about coal mines, giving an ag-
gregate of 5,003 who were made unable to
work for a longer or shorter time in these
two kinds of employment alone. We have
no figures of accidents or deaths in other
industries of the State. If we could add to
the above numbers those for the iron and
steel industry, the packing-house industry,
agriculture and the numerous smaller indus-
tries, the total might easily be doubled ; for
the number of persons employed in the
thirty-nine principal industries of the State
in 1905, not including coal mining and rail-
roading, was 274,467.

Now, what do such figures signify? In
coal mining 3.4 were killed in every thou-
sand employed. Of those injured in coal
mining, in the year in question, a little over
58 per cent were married men,-^ith farail-
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ies; and of those killed IIG were married.
The two classes together had 1,402 persons
dependent on iheni. One hundred and
fourteen women were made widows and 270
children were made orphans, without ade-
quate means of support in many cases. The
numher of days' work lost was 28,309 in
this one industry alone. Without doubt
many of these people became objects of
public and private charity.

At present the only way in which an in-
jured workingman, or the heirs of one who
is killed, can get recompense is by suing the

than the law "awards in a successful suit,
and both parties would avoid the expense of
the litigation. The workingman could afford
to take a little less in compensation if he
Icnew that the reward was certain and did not
entail the cost of a suit. It is doubtful
whether the employer in the long rim would
have to pay out iny more under a reason-
able scale of compensation, because the ad-
ditional payments would be largely met by
the saving of the legal expense.

Moreover, injustice is done in many cases
because the injured person or his depend-

BRIDCE OF SPAIN. MANILA

employer; he can get damages then, only if
he can prove that the injury or death was
the result of the employer's negligence. If
the suit is successful the plaintiff gets what
probably will be fair damages, out of which
he has to pay large lawyers' *iees and other
costs, leaving a small amount for himself
or his dependents. On the other hand, the
employer is mulcted in damages and in ad-
dition has to pay large lawyers' f^es and
costs. Under a compensation law, with a
fixed scale of damages, which the employer
would have to pay, the average amount paid
in such a case certainly would be no more

cuts are really not able to sue. The conse-
quence is that the families of the injured
or killed workmen in many cases become
objects of public charity, which is demoral-
izing to them and increases the burden of
society. Even if part of the compensation
received for injuries and deaths were raised
by general taxation the burden on the pub-
lic probably would not be much greater
than now because what was paid in this
way would be saved in the expense of sup-
I>orting charitable institutions.

If a scale of compensation for accidents
were established by law, to be paid irre-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

spective of the employer's liability, the em-
ployer should be compelled to insure against
his probable payments, so that the work-
man would be protected in the event of his
employer's failure. The imperfect working
of the compensation law in England is part-
ly due to the absence of a clause compelling
msurance. I heard it said this summer that
in the opinion of Herbert Gladstone, the
author of an amended bill now before Par-
liament, a compensation law would not be
effective unless insurance was made com-
pulsory.

Another phase of the subject we must
not forget. A great many workmen suffer
from what are called occupational diseases.
In this country we have paid too little at-
tention to the suffering and loss caused by
these, although from time to time we hear
of a case, if it happens to be jjcculiarly bad.
The average workman cannot afford to pay

large doctors' bills made necessary by such
causes and consequently he neglects him-
self and becomes less efficient as a worker.

Why should not the cost of insurance
against accidents and diseases caused by the
occupation be counted as part of the cost
of protection as reasonably as the cost of
fire insurance? It would not probably be
an undue burden on the employer and it
would not have an appreciable effect on
prices.

If a law were passed providing compen-
sation, of course the workingman should be
compelled to give up his right to sue under
the common law. He should not have two
remedies open to him.

Corporations insure their employes now;
but this is to protect themselves, not their
employes. It means that the workingman
must sue an insurance company instead of
his employer, in case of an accident.

The Adolescence Of Number Kighty-Seven.

BY ARTHUR STRINCFR.

|HE prairie drift-snow shrilled
and whined under the slowly
moving wheels, as the engine
for Number Three backed down
to the ice-hung water-tank. To Web Ross,
up in the cab, it sounded loud and ludicrous,
like the squealing of a train-load of hungry
pigs.

In the thermometer against the wall of
the .squat little Canadian Pacific station-
house the mercury was frozen in the bulb.
It was at least forty degrees below zero.
Just how much colder than that it might
be, neither Web nor the thermometer could
tell.

But as the high-shouldered young engi-
neer swung down from the cab steps, with
his oil-can and his waste in his hand, he
noticed that the snow crunched sharp and
crisp under his boots, like dry charcoal,
and he could feel the sting of the keen air
in his nostrils.

'Cold work, eh?" said a voice, almost at
his shoulder.

Web looked around, unconcernedly, as
any man of solemn responsibilities should.
Three months before he had been a wiper
in the Moosehead roundhouse. To reach
the throttle after only a quarter of a year
of firing was unusual, tending, naturally
enough, to give a man an undue sense of
his own importance. But three months be-
fore, the engineer of the Transcontinental
Express had been blown from the cab of
his huge camelback by the bursting of a
steam pipe. A trackman had found him
with a broken hip, and sent the alarm east
and west, to keep the road clear for the
wildcat train It wac- Web who volunteered
t"» pull out of Moosehead on a special en-
gine and take the rail ahead of the run-
away, slowing down gradually, until he was
able to jump from his tender to the pilot of
the wildcat, and then scramblGnperilmishr

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up to the cab and shut off the throttle. So
Web had accepted his subscription gold
watch with a grin and taken a little pride
in his promotion.

"Uncommon cold !" repeated the stran-
ger, stepping a little nearer. His face was
muffled in the upturned comer of his heavy
overcoat, and he cluttered his heels, boy-
ishly, on the trodden snow.

Web was busy watching the black oil
drip into the polished brass cup.

"Cold as hell!" he answered, offhanded.

"New engine, eh ?" asked the black-coated
stranger, not to be shaken off.

"Yep," said Web, with his handful of
waste, as he petted the great shimmering
piston-rod, very much as a winning jockey
might rub down the withers of a race-horse.
"Yep; she's new enough!"

He looked up at her approvingly. She
stood a good fourteen feet from the crest
of the rail to the top of the boiler-shell.

"He is a big fellow, isn't he?" remarked
the amiably disposed stranger.

The driver of the twelve-wheeled mon-
ster snorted aloud.

"Fellow? She's no fellow! She's wo-
man, through and through!" He pointed
at her with his long-nosed oiling-qan.
"There's her petticoat, to prove it!**

"What's her speed, when you force her?"

"Her speed?" echoed the man with the
oil-can, as his arm went recklessly in among
the great shining shafts. "Well, she's such
a gawk of a ^irl yet, I hate to push her.
There's no use bein* too hard on her, for
a while yet, anyway! So we've got to kind
o* coax the speed out of her yet. She's
touchy, too, touchy as a four-year-old girl !"

But he was proud of her; the stranger
knew that by the way in which Web rubbed
down the polished rods.

"I've seen her wobble along, in her sore-
legged kind o' way, doin' her mile in forty-
seven seconds !"

"Then what would she do that run from
Police Creek to Deerhead in, if she was
pushed?" the stranger asked.

"You'll see her do it in thirty-five min-
utes tonight, if you're on board!" answered
the young engineer. He turned to wipe a
stain off her jacket — it was almost the
same touch that a mother gives to wipe

away a child's tear. "Just wait until she
finds herself! She's still kind of ashamed
o' showing her ankles now, which ain't
good for a girl who's got to do the most
loose-jointed work that steam and cylinder
was ever set at." Web chuckled at his
own personifying jocularity. "She's too
skittish yet, and needs another month or
two of pettin' down and coaxin' out, and
then you'll see that eighteen by twenty-six
cylinder of her's getting in its fine work!"

The stranger was on the cab steps, peer-
ing about the tender and boiler head and
cab windows.

"She's got to learn her table manners
yet, too," said Web. He was yoimg, and
he liked to talk. "She eats coal like a hog
— has the dirtiest habits of any Brooks /
ever saw ! But mc and Tom's been teachin*
her things, and she's willin', mighty will in',
to learn!"

"I see you haven't got those white train-
markers on, instead of green!" laughed the
stranger, waving his gloved hand toward
the waiting express cars.

"No, by Gawd, but we've got two Win-
chesters and two picked men on board, and
I guess they'll rjiswer about as well!"

"I hear that Collins, who ought to be
going out on this run, kind of flunked!"

"It's a lie," cried Web, "he's sick! He's
damned near dead, that's what he is — wife
sittin' up two nights, puttin* plasters on
him !"

The reference was twofold. Some ami-
able lunatic had written to the Division
Superintendent saying he needed a few
thousand dollars, and desired the road, if
they cared to treat with him before certain
things might happen, to place white mark-
ers instead of green on their East-bound
express. This in itself was nothing. But
three times in two weeks switch-locks had
been tampered with, and a local and a
lumber-train had come to grief, and not
without loss of life.

"Well, I guess there's nothing much do-
ing, this kind of weather, anyway," re-
marked the stranger, with his mufiled but
companionable laugh.

Web swung himself up on the cab steps,
for out of the clear, windless air of the late

afternoon they could hear tl¥6~^i;

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL, 13

NUMBER EIGHTY SEVEN GRUNTED A RESPONSE TO THE THROTTLE-MOVE AND SEEMED TO
SHAKE HERSELF FROM HER SLEEP

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West-bound scream, and scream, and
scream again. Then across the open prairie
glare they could hear the reverberant rum-
ble and roar A moment later she wheeled
into sight, belchmg a pennant of pearl-
colored steam, with rose-tinted edges, in
the late afternoon sun. She staggered to a
standstill, her great shoulders hunched ar-
rogantly up, panting and blowmg with what
seemed a sense of her own importance.

A man ran crunchingly down the plat-
form with a sheet of yellow flimsy paper in
his hand The black-coated stranger
lK)arded the train.

As Web disappeared behind his oil-
stained canvas curtain the Lurnished bell
swung noisily once or twice, a cloud of
pearl and old-rose steam surrounded the
twelve fiTcrjt wliecis. Number Eighty- Seven
grunted a response to the throttle and
seemed to shake herself from her sleep.
The drift snow shrilled and whined, and
the great steel belly, iu which a family
might house, hissed forth her power, and
the East-bound was on her way again.

Many eyes watched her curiously from
the squat little station, for already the news
that she carried two armed guards on
board, and that her express-car safes held
forty thousand dollars in Ashcroft gold-
dust had spread about the little frost-bound
town. But as Web's friend had hinted, it
was not felt to be exactly the right sort of
weather for road-agent romancing

Web was happy He found nothing de-
pressing in the silences and the snowy deso-
lation of the northern twilight. The snow
glare, with the on-coming of night, had
died down, and the endless, undulating
plain of white I'ad taken on a tint that
seemed the softest of pinks Now it was
blue, lifeless, steel blue; and Numl>er Eigh-
ty-Seven and her train, to Web, seemed a
teverish needle of life flashing across some
limitless fabric of blue-tinteJ silence It
seemed warm and homelike in the cab, for
Tom Wasley, who was firing for Web, had
closed the overhead ventilator, to keep oiU
the penetrating night air. He and Tom
were facing what two other runners had
shied at, yet each of them appeared un-
ruffled, undisturbed, altogether at home.
To them it was prosaic; all in the day's

work And old Tom did not even resent
the younger man's presence on "the throt-
tle-side " With one it was the recklessness
of youth , with the other, the resignation of
age.

As Eighty- Seven took the sharp curve at
Titburn Bridge, and the heavy coaches
twisted and creaked in her wake, Web put
a hand on the sand-lever, squinted at his.
gauge, and let her take the up-grade wide
open Web knew that the working-pres-
sure of his eighty-seven-inch boiler was
well over two hundred and ten pounds She
seemed so responsive, *'so all-fired ready to
learn," as Tom had put it, so eager to show
her new-found «peed and strength that
Web, keeping a strained eye out for the
switch-lamps as they pounded down into
Police Creek, felt a woodless resentment for
the wreckers who had the heirt to endanger
so fine and finished a goddess of steel.. He
felt that she was almost human

**rd say she was slohhrrin' kss »ian
usual," he called to Tom Wasley V^Ie
turned from his window, and saw thatlifcte
fireman was not in the cab.

Instead of Tom Wasley he beheld the
black-coated stranger who had spoken with
him at the beginning of the run It filled
him with a^ quiet and sullen wonder that
this stranger should l)e menacing him with
a glimmering pislol-barrel.

'T want you to slow down," he said
quietly, but firmly Web noticed that
through each swing and lurch of the cab
the menacing revolver pointed undevlatingly
at one point just between his eyes

*T want you to slow down, and do it
pretty quick, too," said the stranger once
more.

** What's all this josliin', anyway?" de-
manded the amazed engineer

•Tm not joshin' ! Stop this train, and
stop it quick !"

"What for?" demanded Web

"To save your head getting a hole in it
Shut that throttle, you damned numskull,
or I'll plug you !" And he sealed his deter-
mination with a sharp oath.

Eighty-Seven slowed down, shudderingly.

"Now you climb back and cut off this
engine and tender — quick!''

Web had hesitated to weigh hi$ chancers
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

in a hand-to-hand tussle, but the ever-men-
acing gun-barrel gave him no chance. He
felt that perhaps his moment would come
later. At any rate, he decided, as he swung
sulkily down before his oppressor, he would
have to wait for that moment. Already the
train men wei*e marveling at the stop. Sixty
seconds would give him his chance.

But the man in the black overcoat was
wary, and Web knew that the hand that
was reckless enough to hold up the Im-
perial Limited would not be apt to hesitate
very long before a life or two, when he
found his chances for escape cut off. But
still it was wortn the fight, if he could only
get a chance.

" He climbed back into the cab with nimble
sulkiness, yet with that ever-present barrel
of steel bristling somewhere about the back
of his neck.

**Now send her ahead, full speed. And
I want you to remember, young man, that
1 know this road a little better than you
imagine. When we're a mile this side of
Deerhead, with the bridge and the little
mission church on the left, I don't want
any slowing up. I want you to go through
that Deerhead station pard at a mile a min-
ute. You understand?'*

'*rve got an inkling."' answered Web, giv-
ing the lever another notch or two. He
looked at the other man grimly, and
grinned.

"Ain't this expensive work?** he asked.

"Maybe it is, but it's the kind I like,'*
answered the stranger. He groped back-
ward to the tender, and with his free hand
flunu down two heavy sactels and a can-
vas mail-bag cut .in half.

From the mail-bag fell a little shower
of letters. Web noticed that each one of
these letters, for all the careless way in
which the stranger kicked them together
on the grimy cab floor, bore a registered
stamp. Web assumed, from this, that the
operations in the express and mail car had
been carefully and thoroughly carried on.
He wondered, vaguely, if the two satchels
held the AshcroCt gold, and he also won-
dered if- old Torn Wasley hail been hauled
back over the tender and locked m with the
messengers and mail clerk>. He ques-
tioned, too, if the one man had done his

work alone. Then a still more appalling
thought came to Web; he himself would
be called up on the carpet for the part he
had been forced to play m the whole busi-
ness.

Web decided that nothing could at least
be lost by talking. Sulking did no good.
He must simply grin and bear it, and wait
his chance.

He turned to the highwayman, who had
guardedly flung the scattered mail into the
open sack, and knotted it at the top.

"How far are we goin', anyway?" asked
Web. He had been wondenng how long it
would be before the abandoned tram crew
had the news of the hold-up on the wire,
and where the first interference from the
outside world would come from. Eighty-
Seven wasn't flinging herself; Web knew
she hated to leave her train behind.

"You re going just as far as I say," was
the curt reply. "And from the look of that ,
steam gauge you'd better fire up a little. '

Web had hoped for a chance, with the
heavy steel shovel once in his hand, but at
every move he saw the lynx -like eye of his
enemy following him. So he shoveled in
sullen silence. After all, it was all in the
day's work. It might have been another
open switch, and another eight cars over-
turned. He had hoped, at first, that Num-
ber Eighty-Seven would 'iay down on
him ;" now, as he glanced out into the blue-
white desolation of the frost-bound praine,
he knew that nothing good could come of
being stranded in emptiness, with the mer-
cury on the lower side of the forty mark.

He watched the needle (^n his steam
gauge go higher and higher, shut off the
injector for a mnuite or two, and thi-ew the
throttle back to the last notch. He began
to worry a little r.bout the driving-wheels—
caststeel did strange things, sometimes, in
sixty degrees of frost — but the man had
asked for speed, and he was giving it to
him.

"Keep this tip until we're twelve miles
past Deerhead, right through. When we
get to the stretch of timber there, I want
you to slow down. When T drop off T want
you to go right ahead — no running back to
Deerhead — and \ don't thiiV

don't thiiVr^yqi/JUfain
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anything by being in too much of a hurry,
either!"

Web grinned, and put on the pump again,
for the steam was hissing and singing
through the safety valve, blue and dry and
hard.

"You'd better fire up again," suggested
the highwayman.

"We're hammerin' her pretty hard," de-
murred the young engineer.

"It'll do her good."

*'But she's my engine, and I've got to
watch her!"

"She's got to travel faster, I say."

Web glared across the swaying cab at
his enemy. This was all he got for it;
this was all his thanks for pounding the
spirit out of her, and threatenhig those
beautiful big six-foot driving-wheels on
that pounding track.

"I tell you I've i^ol to »ave her crown
sheet," declared Web.

"Crown sheet be damned! Tve got to
get past Deerhead before Sanderson gets
his wire in, and, by God, it won't go easy
with you if I don't, either.'*

"I tell you the water's giving out."
yelled Web. This was a lie, though the
young guardian of Eighty-Seven almost
wished it was true.

"Then push her through to the last foot
and as fast as she can make it. too!"

Web was about to retort, angrily, but as
his glance instinctively fell ilong the glist-
ening line of steel under his pilot an idea
came to him. He suddenly remembered
that only one th'ng could happen if she
took the switch at the Deerhead station-
yard at that rate of speed. Seventy miles
an hour over a loose-jointed point-switch —
there could be only one outcome! But it
would put a stop to this high-handed travel-
ing, and to the career of his black-coated
friend, and she would go over on the left,
he felt sure, so he could jump for it from
his cab step.

Web's second idea was not such a happy
one. It would mean the death of Number
Eighty- Seven. It would be killing her, to
gain his point. It would seem like murder.
It meant crippling and breaking her spirit —
just when she was beginning to know what
life was, just when she was beginning to

answer to every touch, and obey every
move and order. She would never treat
him in that way '

But he must decide quickly, he told him-
self, for already he could catch the glimmer
of the Deerhead yard lamps. Even at the
best there was risk in it; even at the best,
he told himself, it was cruelty to the old
girl.

"Pound her through," ordered the high-
wayman, as he called her a foul name, and
clung to the swaying window rail at the
other side of the cab, "and let her blow
up when she damn pleases."

Web clamped his jaw, and again shut
off the injector to allow her to pick up.
Then his hand shot out to the whistle
lever, and her sudden shriek tore a hole
in the silence of the prairie night.

"What in hell d'you mean by that ?" cried
I he other man, leaping forwaid, white with
rage.

"But that's orders."

"You take >«Hir orders from me, this
time ! I don't want that whole town swarm-
ing down to the track, you fool!''

Web watched the switch lamp dance and
swim up to them. He stood ready, waiting.

It was the unexpected that happened. He
could feel the pound of the switch point,
the quick lurch and swing. In -another
moment he expected to feel the shuddering
thud of her wheels on the sleepers. In-
stead of that a mass of steel tore whistling
through the left-hand side of ihe cab, carry-
ing away iron and woodwork as it wert.
Then came anoihcr, and another.

Web understood what it meant. The
huge rim of one of the great driving-wheels
had broken, and fragments of it kept can-
nonading up through the frail shell of the
cab as the great mass flew madly round.

Instinctively Web's arm shot out to the
lever, and he shut her off. He turned to
explain why. He had, for a moment, even
forgotten the presence of the other man.
And that menacing gun-barrel might have
barked out at him by mistake, and it would
have been all over, forever.

Web gasped, and the sound was like air
rushing into an opened air pipe. The
highwayman lay against ^c tender un-
conscious, with his cheek torn onep. ^

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Eighty-Seven had got even with him.
She had held him up ! She had cannonaded
him with her bolts of wrath ! She had given
him as good as she had taken!

The jolting engine shuddered to a stand-
still, and over the dry, hard snow sounded
the whirl of feet and the cry of excited
voices. Web swung himself down from the
cab steps. For all the cold, oily drops of
sweat clung to his gray-white forehead,
and the muscles in his jaw were working.

"What's happened there? What's hap-
pened?" cried the Dcerhead night operator,
running up with a lantern.

Web leaned against the driving rod, for
under his oil-stained overalls his legs were
shaking and quaking. Then he wiped his
forehead, and cursed hysterically.

"I bust you up, old girl! I bust you up,"
he moaned.

He picked up a piece of broken steel,
bright like silver on the raw edge, and gazed
at it stupidly. Then he dropped it, and
laughed a little. The first effects of his
shock were passing away.

"WHiat happened down here, anyway?**
the operator was demanding.

Web looked at him, and then gazed at
his disabled engine, regretfully. Then he
pointed toward the cab.

"By God, O'Higgins, she's human," he
declared, inconsequentially, but with great
conviction.

"Who's human? What's human?"

*This old girl of mine! She's human,
1 tell you — and I've gone and broken her
spirit !"

He groped about the injured wheel sor-
rowingly, shaking a melancholy head. Then
he looked up and called out ic- O'Higgins,
the operator.

"There's a read-agent up in that cab
youM better look after. Yes, I say a road-
agent. You may think I'm a fool, O'Hig-
gins, but ril blister in hell if Eighty-Seven
didnU turn and hold the cuss up, herself!"

The operator swung back the oil-stained
canvas curtain, and peered into the cab.

"Poor old girl!" said Web. fingering the
raw edge of the broken ste^l. Then he
wiped his forehead, and shook his head
again.

"I'll get hell for this," he said, dejectedly,
taking still another spiritless look at his
broken engine.

Two Panama Life Stories.

BY EDWIN E. SLOSSON AND GARDNER RICHARDSON.

By Permission The Independent.

The Story Of A Jamaican Carpenter.

|T was a hot Sunday afternoon in
February, as we were strolling
through the negro quarter of
Culebra, that we met the two
men whose portraits we give here. We
were anxious not to leave Panama without
a life story of a workman on the Canal
to add to the series of brief autobiograph-
ies of undistinguished people which has
been a special attraction in Fhe Independ-
ent for several years. So, finding our new
acquaintance a man of unusual intelligence
and experience, since he had been on the

Isthmus for twelve years, under three dif-
ferent canal administrations, we asked him
to tell us the story of his life. He kindly
consented, and, sitting on a dry goods box
underneath the stilted floor of one of the
old French houses, while around us the la-
borers from the West Indies were cook-
ing their yams and plantains in kettles on
the outdoor fires, we took the notes from
which this narrative is written. Both this
and the following story are, as nearly as
possible, told to the reader as they were told
to us, but since wc could not ffiye the narra-
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

tors a chance to hear and revise them in
their completed form, according to our cus-
tom with such life stories, we are not au-
thorized to sign their names as authors. As
an additional human document in the field
of Jamaican psychology, we append the fol-
lowing characteristic application for a raise
in wages from a laborer at Paraiso, C. Z. :

Please most .honorable boss I your obe-
dient servant J Conrad Graves has beg you
sir to the uttermost to recommend him to

May the lord bless you sir and be with
\ou always and may he get you on both
healthy and wealthy through his dear name
and mercy sake

T your obedient Servant

J. Conrad Graves.

We have not seen the reply to this re-
spectful epistle, but we know in substance
what it was. It must have said that Uncle
Sam was not rich enough to pay more than
10 cents an hour for ditch diggmg, no mat-

JAMAICAN CARPENTER AND MECHANIC. THE ONE ON THE RIGHT TOLD THE STORY.

get a little more money than what he am
getting. My dear boss our wages are very
small 1 can scarcely sec my way through
my dear master I have to buy food so dare
clothes & books arid that been for the bor-
der of seven months working; here at Pa-
raiso only and during the time no fait has
never been found of mc.

Thank God my dear master I may not
be pleasing to your eyes but dear sir I beg
thee to pardon :.ie for it so dear l>oss grant
ine that kindness for Christ sake.

tcr how diligent and faithful, and thai even
ihe offer of j.^ cents an hour formerly given
for extra efiicient service had been with-
drawn.—E K. S. And G. R.

I was born in a grass thatched hut in the
little village of St. Mary's, back in the
mountains of Jamaica. My father was a
tailor, and I had eight brothers and sisters.
I went for four years to a Wcsleyan school
in the next parish. I wanted to work witli
my brains, instead of my hands alone, S') I
lcan,c.I the carponter-s^|r.aclc. HiQ^^f^HJ^llg

RAILROAD TRAIKMEX'S JOURNAL

1(»

get any Inisiness as a carpenler, so I had to
support myself doing odd jobs, and lived on
what I raised on my half acre of land.

Cnltivation makes a man more indepen-
dent, l)ui he does not get mnch money. A
carpenter gets four shilling a day. But I
could raise plenty of yams and bananas. It
is cheap living there. What a shilling gets
in Jamaica a dollar wouldn't buy here.

Cocoa and tobacco are the principal prod-
ucts raised there. The cocoa is spread out
in the sun to dry, and if a shower came up

mas and Independence Day, August 1st.
when slavery was done away. We went on
excursions, on foot, or on horseback or
with two-wheeled carts and had sports and
dances and social times with cake and lem-
onade. These and going to church with the
girls were our chief amusements. I be-
came a Catholic. They have a grander serv-
ice than the Wesleyans and more rules. A
priest comes around every little while and
tells you what to do.

Here I go to the Church of England, be-

JAMAICAN LABORERS COOKING AMONG THE OLD FRENCH HOUSES AT CULEBRA

it would mildew. Now, they have steam
dr>'ing. Sometimes a hurricane Comes and
blows down all the cocoa trees flat. The
banana trees too. The bananas grow again
from the roots, but for a time the steamers
can't get a bunch. They make rum out of
the sugar cane, and it is very cheap. You
can get a quart of good old Jamaica rum
for two shillings. But the law wpn't let
you buy much rum at one time. The wo-
men drink mostly ale and porter.

We had three holidays, Easter, Christ-

cause in the Catholic churches they speak
Spanish. There are two of their churches
here — one for Americans, one for blacks.
And they have services every Sunday and
three times a week, evenings. Many Ja-
maicans go to that church. Many of them
are Baptists. Most of them go to church
somewhere, but some are blackguards and
♦ake too much rum.

I first came to Panama in 1804; not to
Colon, but to Bocas del Toro, a long way
up the coast, in the banani^country I

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worked as a common laborer on a banana
plantation for a year. It was a hard life
and board was rough, and we only got
thirty cents a day. We slept ten or twelve
together in one house, open with a palm
roof. We were given rice, codfish and sour
beef to eat. Bananas, too, of course, ripe
and green. A green banana, properly
cooked, eats well. It was hot and rainy and
hard work cleaning out [weeding] all day.
I was glad to get back home.

help it. ^ We are free people. Besides this
deposit you have to pay twenty shillings in
advance for deck passage from Jamaica. I
was seasick all the way; passage was very
rough. I was not vaccinated, as I had had
smallpox in Jamaica. When I came to Em-
pire there were about a thousand men
working in the gieat Culebra Cut, coming
and going all the time.

Things were very different in those days.
The French did not pay as much wages as

NEW TYPE OF BACHELORS' QUARTERS FOR LABORERS.

Those that came back from the canal told
us that we could get better things to eat
there, so I came to Colon. When a man
leaves Kingston he has to pay twenty-five
shillings down. He gets it back when he
returns to Jamaica. The Government
learned that lesson from the first French
Canal, because when that failed they had to
send a boat to the Isthmus to get the Ja-
maicans left there, and it cost a lot of
money. The Government don't want peo-
ple to come to the Isthmus, but they can't

the Americans, but living was cheaper.
Then laborers got CO cents a day ; now they
get 80 cents. Under the French there were
a lot of market gardens here. The Ameri-
cans exclude them from the Zone and they
go into the bush. Pork was I2V2 cents a
poimd then; now it is 25. Fresh beef was
V2V2 cents; now 20 cents; bone, 5 cents.
You could get sixty yams for a dollar then ;
now you get sixteen.

Under French rule, the men had to work

ten hours a day; now they wp*;k eight, Jjut

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much harder, and there is no chance to
make more money by task work, as there
used to be. Under the French, we could
take work by contract — so many cars, so
much. Sometimes two men would make
$75 in a fortnight this way. They would
get 7% to 10 cents a car, filling it with pick
and shovel and shoving the car out by hand
and dumping it.

Besides, the blacks had more chances of
promotion under the French. They could

the police catch him and jerk him up to
the prison so fast that his feet don't have a
chance to touch the ground.

In Jamaica a constable is peacemaker.
Here he just hits a man with a stick. And
the colored constables are worse than the
white.

In Jamaica we used to have a barrister
and a good long trial. In the Canal Zone
you have no barrister. You just come be-
fore a judge and he shouts out: "YouVe

GROUP OF CANAL LABORERS NEAR PARAISO. MOSTLY MARTINIQUIANS.

get to be timekeepers and checkers then, but
they can't now. But there is not so much
sickness as in French times. The best
thing the Americans have done is to stop
bad language and gambling, which leads to
quarrels. There is a big fine and prison for
gambling. In the French days there used
to be cock fighting, and drinking, and shoot-
ing, and dancing all the time. Now it is all
stopped. If a man shoots o(T a gun now,

right, you're right; you're wrong, you'rti
wrong," and that is all there is to it. In
ihc American prison a few months ago
they used to put men in the stocks and use
the whip on thcni, but the man who did
that is not on the force now.

The workmen are more afraid of the
Americans than of the French. The French
talked much and went this way [gesticulat-
ing]. The Americans keep \'ffy fu\i^^\\^
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they get vexed, and then they make things
stand around. They've got to, to get things
done. The Americans are too much of
schemers to waste time or money. There
are no loafing jobs now, such as there used
to be. It is like running a race all the
time. You don't mind it for a day, but
you can't keep it up.

Nobody can stay in one of the Commis-
sion buildings after 7 a. m. unless he is
sick. The watchman goes ar.iund then, and
if he catches a man there it means a fine of
P2 or three days' pay. At 1 1 the men can
come iKick and get dinner; then
they have to leave for work
from 1 to 5 again. If a man is
sick he goes to the doctor and
gets a paper to show to the
watchman. If he isfi\ sick and
wants to get off he^Tias to hide
in the woods or lie around a
China shc^p.* The China shops
ought to be shut up, at lea.st on
Sundays. A man must be in bis
place ready for work the lirsi
thing in the morning, tool in
hand, and when the -whistle
blows it is "all right, boys," and
off it goes. The timekeeper
conies around evtry two hours,
making a dot in bis little lK)ok
every time; four dots make a
day's work.

For the last six months 1 bavi-
been working on the new build-
ings here. I can do any carpen-
ter work from framing to linisb-
iiig. The l)osses of the car-
penters are all kind gentle-
men. None of 'ni treat me
bad. Carpenters get 20 to 2.") cents an hour.

1 was pretty nearly laid up for half a
year by getting shot in the revolution of
1800. The Liberals were at Culebra and
the Conservatives at Empire. Neither party
dared go where the other was, but they
fired at each other all night at long range.
\Vc shut ourselves up in the houses and
kept dark, but it was not safe then. A
man was killed in the next house, and I

was shot through both feet. I was stand-
ing in the middle of the floor, and a ball
fired by the Conservatives passed through
the wall and flew down and struck my feet.
I did not feel it; did not know 1 was hit
until I felt the blood running down and the
wound began to bum. Nobody could get
to me to help me, so I bandaged it as well
as I could and waited till the firing
stopped in the morning. They only fought
at night. Next morning T was taken to a
doctor in Panama, and stayed at Ancim
llospital for three months and eleven days.

*The Chinese have a practical monopoly of keep-
ing stores and distilling rum along the canal. There
are fourteen distilleries on the Zone.

THE ISLAND OF TABOGA.

The company paid for it. When 1 got out
of the hosiptal I bad to go and tend switch,
for I could not walk around much. That
was an easy job. There were only three
trains of dirt a day.

Anyl)ody can get something to do here
now, but it is hard getting along, because
living is so expensive. The Jamaicans work
six or eight months, and then go home to
spend a few months with wife and chil-
dren. If they starve themselves, they can
save a good deal. If they are well fed they
don't save. Out of 80 cents a day it takes
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50 cents to buy food, and then there are
washing, clothing, etc., besides. Some of
the men try hard to save; buy 2 cents
bread, *2 cents sugar, and go to work all
trembly and can't lift a thing. About the
best way is to get a Jamaica woman to
keep house for you. You pay her $10 to
$12 when the pay car comes around every
fortnight, and buy her dresses and things.
But some of the women don't know how to
cook. They just fix up some little foolish-
ness— fish balls and the like of that. A
man can't work on such stuff.

and have no sense of decency. There ought
to be cots instead of bunks on the sides,
where the men have to sleep on top of each
other. But the bathrooms are good, and
most of the men use them. There is no
sense in putting so many different races to-
gether— Jamaicars and Bims [Barbadians]
and Martiniques in the same room. It \^
not right. What use are the Martiniques,
any way? They don't understand English,
and when the boss tells one to pick up a
stick he will pick up a stone. They ought
to get all Jamaicans and pay them better.

CABRIELLE.

1 he 1. C C (Isthmian Canal Conunis-
sion) is serving messes now at 30 cents a
day, but they don't give the men what they
war.t. Things don't taste right; they cook
the life out of it. Some Jamaicans don't
like rice and won't eat potatoes. It makes
the men discouraged, not getting their pay
when they want it. Pay day is irregular,
always two weeks behind, sometimes more.
ll is best living in the married quarters on
the hill.

There is no privacy or quiet in the old
bachelor buildings, thirty or forty in a
room. Some of the men are noisy at night

I hope llu-y will decide on the right kind of
a canal, because it will be a great boon to
all the nations of the earth when it is com-
pleted.

To appreciate the followini^ narrative Ihv
reader should not rea<l it in cold print, but
should hear it. as we did. when we sal one
evening on the wire-screened veranda of
the doctor's house at Bas Obispo, overlook-
ing the Chagres River and the deep rock
cutting through the hill where we hope
some day to see the Canal flow. From the

negro quarters below, among the palm trees.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

came the French songs of the Martinique
laborers, for it was Mardi Gras, and they
were devoutly joyful. Gabrielle's story was
told partly in the patois of Martinique,
partly by expressive gestures of the hands,
head and shoulders, and was frequently in-
terrupted by showers of giggles when some
question of ours struck her as unusually
absurd. She wore a red dress, with a train ;
a string of gold beads was about her neck,
and her head was adorned with a gaily col-

read or write, as I was only at school for
six months when I was nine years old.

When I was eleven I was confirmed. It
was a grand sight. There were fifty of us
walked in procession through the streets to
the big church, all' carrying lighted wax
candles. The girls were dressed all in
white and the boys wore black coats and
white f>antalons.

I was brought up by my sister, for my
mother died when I was very little and my

A GROUP OF MARTINIQUE WOMEN IN FRONT OF COMPANY HOUSE AT CULEBRA.

ored and artistically tied kerchief. — E. E. S.
and G. R.]

Yes, I like it very much better here than
at Martinique. Many people are leaving
there now, for we are all afraid, since the
great mctuntain burst. And it is hard to
get a living there. Some people are starv-
ing. I was born in Trinite, but my father
was from Fouchin; he was a />ro/yrictairc.
I am twenty-five years old now. I cannot

father when I was seven. My sister was a
dressmaker and she taught me the trade.
I made dresses for ladies at 4 francs apiece.
And hats — the colored ladies in Martinique
have many beautiful hats for Sundays and
fete days, but other days they wear turbans,
tied like mine.

When I was sixteen I was married. My
husband was a wheelwright and used to
make 4 francs a day when h^could get
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work. But he died when I was twenty-
three, and 1 was left alone. My sister had
married and gone to live in St. Pierre, and
she and her husband and her little girl
were all killed when the rocks and ashes
buried the city. I had gone once to St,
Pierre to see my sister and my niece; that
was the only time I was outside my native
town until I came here. I did not want to
go to St. Pierre after the eruption, because
it was too sad a place.

Trinite is a long way off from Mont Pe-
lee, as far as Culebra is from here, so noth-
ing but ashes fell there; but in St. Pierre
big, red-hot stones, as big as I could hold
in my two hands this way, came down and
killed all the people there. We had always
been afraid of Mont Pelee; it smoked and
shook the ground, but we did not know the
danger was so great. But when the top of
the mountain blew off, we in Trinite were
very much frightened. We did not know
but the whole island would blow up. Some
hid in cellars, some went out to sea in
boats. Lots of people tried to escape on
land by running. I stayed in the house
except that I went to church with the oth-
ers and prayed every day. For two months
we were afraid every hour. The mountain
rumbled like a thousand thunders. Then
the earth would shake and the white ashes
would fall all around like clouds of birds.

Ever since that first dreadful morning*
people have been anxious to get away from
Martinique, so when an American came and
told us that we girls could all get good
wages in Panama, and that he would take
us for nothing, a lot of us wanted to go.

The trip over was very interesting, for I
had never been to sea before, and I was
not a bit sick, though most of the others

were. We slept on canvas cots on deck.
There were many people on board, men and
women; 1 don't know how many. Some
were married and some were not, but most
of them were as young as I. I only saw
three or four over thirty, but you can't al-
ways tell, can you? We were five days on
the ship and we all had to be vaccinated
before we landed at Colon. We got to
Colon in the morning, and in half an hour
we were off the ship and on the train.
They put us off at different places and gave
us board for a few days. They put off
ninety of us here, but there were only places
for sixteen to work. No; I don't know
what became of the rest of them. I don't
go gadding around asking. people questions.

I saw some of the Martinique girls last
night at the Mardi Gras ball. It was a
bal poudrc, and we had a grand time. We
have some fetes here, but not so many as at
Martinique. Then on Christmas and July
14th we would feast on turkey and French
wines, and dance all night. But I like liv-
ing here ver>' much. I am getting $10 a
month and M'sicu le Docteur is very kind
to me. Before I got this place I got a liv-
ing by washing. We were living in one
little 6 by 10 room at Chagres. Who was
with me? Oh, that was my brother. Didn't
I tell you about him? His name is Paul,
and he came to Panama with me.

I am never going back to Martinique if
I can help it I am going to forget French
and learn English, because if I do that
M'sieu le Docteur says that he will surely
take me with him when he goes to live in
the great city of New York.

*On May 8th, 1902, at eif?ht o'clock in the morning
occurred the great eruption of Mount Pelee, which
destroyed within % few minutes the 90,000 inhabitants
of St. Pierre.

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" History's Most Transcendent Lessons.

JOSB r.ROS.

|N a gem of*light American liter-
ature published a number of
years ago and written by Ar-
thur S Hardy, we found the
following thoughts: "History is the most
impcrtant and dangerous of studies. The
zealot and the liberal alike find in its pages
their arguments; while the inquirer sees
first only a vast flux without apparent or-
d'jr or stability. Out of it the theorists
gather what they need or desire, and the
evil minded every excuse at hand. The
wo'A enthusiastic and conscientious student
wiP rise from its study only with weari-
ness and disappointment, if not disgusted
by ah those strifes undertaken in the name
of God and truth, but embittered by self-
ishness and ambition for all those creeds
and a.spirations whose very loftiness is the
piuof of men s need and mystery, n he does
not brmg to that study the maturity of an
experience outgrown from the illusions of
youth and follies of old age Yet, history
can l)c made a ladder by which one may
ascend into the council chamber of God '

Is not that a pretty condensation of his-
torical phenomena in relation to the pov-
erty of every interpretation by each genera-
tion thus far?

Suppose that we resort i.rw to a frag-
ment of our contemporaneous history as
eiMtomized in The Outlook for November
17th, in reference to a recent public speech
at Utica by on*; of our brightest public men
in our present national administration.
That speaker outlined some of the problems
of today as follows:

*'l don't condemn corporate wealth, yet
what it. is doing for us is — to restrict pro-
duction, to lov;er the prices of raw mate
rials (to the producers), to raise those of
the finished product (to all consumers), to
crush competitors (the small capitalists),
to evolve unfair competition (among big
monopohsts), so that to allow some th<;
maximum monopoly profits, and thus pro-
duce great hard:»hips with the bulk of the

pcciple. It also creates fictitious values in
securities. That forces the community to
pay interest in water values. It manipu-
lates information so as to make it next to
impossible for courts or states to obtain
any real data on the doings of corpora-
tions." The Outlook adds to all that: "It
corrupts legislation through direct or in-
direct bribery"

Is not all that a fine exhibition of prog-
ress, progress of the wrong kind? Has
any old heathen nation ever had any-
thing worse than all that? C^n we conceive
of anything much more fatal or only a little
worse to the general destinies of any na-
tion than that ? Does not all that imply the
njost stupendous, however indirect indus-
trial and refined social despotism that can
be had, devised, concocted, .so that to un-
dermine the real happiness and manhood
ot all the millions of people subject to de-
velop under such a blasting influence, un-
der such an all-pervading curse over tbc
whole social strata"*

.And please remember that such a histori-
cal description of our contemporaneous
conditions comes from our conservative
friends, so conservative that they cannot
suggest to us any remedy, any simple, di-
rf!ct process by which to stop our national
gangrene, by which to kill llie rattlesnake
evoluted by our own previous laws.

Not even our brightest conservative men
stem to have learned any real, practical
ksson from history Are we not reproduc-
insf the most fatal evils of centuries ■ ago,
not in the same mathematical shape, not
with the identic.il repulsiveness here and
there: but in the great linalilies of a prog-
ress that turns around the old gravitation
center of hardships, sorrows, confusions
pnd turmoils for all of us?

In the unconscious and n^re cosmical
processes of the physical up'^cerse, progress
is there a mere diversificatitm of phenom-
ena more or less simple in some aspects,

more or less complex or fini:|11?

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directions; but all of it arising from the
same fixed elements of harmony and co-
operation. Progress in conscious, moral
activities rests on the simplification of high
ideals for universal good.

In all or some of the incidents of hu-
man growth, in certain petty materialistic
details or ornamentals, and in relation to
groups of individuals here or there, men
have always done wonderfully well. In
the essentials and fimdamentals for har-
mony among all, for moral equilibrium in
final results; in that men have always done
wonderfully wrong. That is proved by the
great number of problems always at hand,
by the tenacity with which a multitude of
deformities remain among us, no matter
how many we may suppress. In the science
of suppressing evil per se we are yet as
wicked or stupid as ever.

Assumptions or assertions claiming that
we are better than other people or other
ages, prove nothing, because sin and duty
vary in accord with conditions, cosmical, ter-
ritorial, geographic, etc. ; as well as in rela-
tion to historical experience and divine in-
spirations. Besides, what is the difference
between playing hide and seek with the
bcttom evil of all nations in this or that
especial form, through this or that distorted
set of human laws? And why is it that we
never go to history in such a mental atti-
tude as to learn what is the bottom evil of
all ages, forever generating a new multi-
tude of lesser wrongs to replace the sup-
pressed ones? We don't go to history for
that purpose, because we know all about
the most transcendant evil, and wish to
keep it alive and blooming. That places
every nation on the same level, which is
"a bundle of sinners forever fighting against
ciivinc law, forever trying to cheat God out
of His righteousness and His Fathcrship."

Yet that Father goes on sending His new
inspirations, most of which we repudiate
because we remain in love with our laws of
sin. The same Father, with His laws of
love, minimizes, as much as possible, the
bad effects of our collective and individual-
ized blunders. That is what keeps human-
ity alive, ready for repentance, if we ever
see fit to repent.

We shall only repent when we try to
grasp the real object of what we call re-
ligion. **ReUgion should be the philosophy
of human duties tozvards God and all con-
scious individualities on earth, for their
aciualised and combined healthy growth in
the bosom of healthy nations'*

There we have what we should consider
the most transcendent lesson that history
silently but emphatically proclaims. We
are still, men and nations, abandoning re-
ligion, in the realm of human conduct, at
the foundation of human life, because we
refuse to blot out our great, bottom, per-
petual, collective wrong, viz: "Land and
wealth robbery sanctified by human laws,
traditions and consensus"

"Humanity remains deplorably inefficient
in the religious spirit that God means you
all should have, to apply the truth in all
relations and activities on earth." That is
history's perpetual lesson and proclama-
tion to all men and nations, through all
human blunders, sins and crimes. We all
still neglect the learning of that all impor-
tant lesson. We thus establish a continu-
ous and dreadful divorce between humanity
and God. Suppose we do that unconscious-
Iv. Have we received the right to be un-
conscious where the faculty of conscious-
ness is most important to all human life?
Or has God been inconsistent enough to
simply give us the consciousness we need
to prolong the kingdom of sin?

a~i

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Experiments In State Railway Ownership.

JHE plan of ownership and opera-
tion of railways by state gov-
ernments was tried and found
wanting long ago. In the early
days of the west private capital was slow to
accept the risk of building pioneer railways
and several of the states undertook the ex-
periment, for the sake of securing urgently
needed means of transportation superior to
the ox teams and mud roads over which
the productions of the region were com-
pelled to find markets.

Missouri, 40 or more years ago, tried the
scheme of issuing its bonds to build sev-
eral railroads, but was glad to retire from
the business with a loss of $25,000,000 or
more and to turn the unfinished properties
over to private enterprise.

Indiana in 1836 entered on an extensive
policy of internal improvements, contem-
plating, among other things, the construc-
tion of the Madison & Lafayette Railroad,
for which $1,300,000 was appropriated.
Work was commenced and in the course of
six years 28 miles of road had been com-
pleted and grading had been partially done
for as many miles m^re, when the legisla-
ture decided the experiment to be a failure
and turned the property over to a private
company to continue construction under su-
pervision of the slate. After a year of un-
profitable operation under state management
the road was finally given to the private
company, at a net loss to the state of over
$1,500,000.

Georgia tried railway building, owner-
ship and operation combined. Between
1841 and 1^50 the state built the Western &
Atlantic from Atlanta north to the Tennes-
see line at Chattanooga, 137 miles, and ope-
rated it for a time, .\fter suflTering an an-
nual deficit of from $60,000 to $100,000 for
several years the state tired of the railway
business. The road was leased for a long
term to the Nashville, Chattanooga & St.
Louis and now is paying a good return on
an investment which under public manage-
ment was improfitable. But the road is still
a source of much concern to legislators and

editors, who are divided on the questions
of selling, leasing for a new term at in-
creased rental, or extending. Some urge
building from Atlanta to the sea, about 300
miles, and thus paralleling existing roads
with a rate-reducing state railway. Mo-
nopoly and restraint of competition by rail-
way corporations are justly abhorred in
Georgia; but, nevertheless, a bill was in-
troduced in the senate the last session
which proposed to enact ''that it shall be
unlawful for any person, association or cor-
poration, whether foreign or domestic, to
hereafter build or operate, except such
roads as are now being operated, any steam
or electric railroad or interurban railroad
parallel with the Western & Atlantic rail-
road, known as the state road, within the
distance of 50 miles." Should any person
or corporation venture to build a road with-
in this 100-miles preserve the state was to
forfeit the charter of the ofTending com-
pany and prosecute, convict and punish for
misdemeanor "any persons aiding and abet-
ing the enterprise." The bill has not passed
— ^yet; but its appearance suggests one of
the possible attitudes of government owner-
ship toward competition by private capital.
North Carolina owns $1,266,500 of the
$1,800,000 capital stock of the Atlantic &
North Carolina Railroad, 95 miles long, in-
corporated in 1853 and opened five years
later. But although the state possesses 70
per cent of the entire stock it is hampered
by a curious provision which allows it to
cast only 350 votes, while the individual
shareholders may cast about 700 votes, and
so the principle of state ownership and
operation has not had a fair show in North
Carolina. The part-ownership plan, how-
ever, has been less expensive than sole
ownership would have been, as the road
during most of its existence has 1>een un-
profitable. The question of selling, leasing
or operating the property has excited tl*2
legislature and the state periodically; but in
1904 they succeeded in effecting a lease to
a new company, scrupulously debarred
from association with all existing railway

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

interests, at a rental of 3 per cent per an-
num for the first ten years, rising through
successive ten-year periods to a maximum
of 6 per cent This would seem to be a
happy release from trouble for the state
government, but dissatisfied stockholders
have started legislation to annul the lease,
and meantime discussion of government
ownership and operation is again starting
up to the disturbance of the public peace.
North Carolina is enjoying the use of about
4,000 miles of railways within the state,
built by individual enterprise. State man-
agement of 100 miles of local road would
not seem to offer any essential advantages
over present conditions.

To assist water competition with the
Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company,
the State of Oregon recently built the Celi-
lo Portage Railway, six miles long, around
rapids in the Columbia River, and under-
takes to transfer freight between the upper
and lower river boats and thus force the
railway to reduce its rates. The theory is
attractive and the object is entirely legiti-
mate, but financially the experiment appears
to be expensive to the state. For the month
of August the receipts of the Portage rail-
way amounted to $183.90, of which only

$15.70 was received for hauling freight,
the remainder being obtained from switch-
ing cars and from loaning the locomotive
to canal contractors. Per contra the ex-
penditures for the month footed up $797.28 ;
so that there was a net deficit of $613.88.
The state authorities were hopmg for better
results when the wheat should begin to
move, and their enterprise in aid of river
navigation may prove beneficial to a section
of the state.

Illinois tried state construction and man-
agement of railways on a small scale years
ago, but soon was ready to relinquish it to
private capital, and its pioneer road is now
a part of the Wabash. Profiting by exper-
ience, the state then adopted the much wiser
plan of giving a liberal amount of its un-
occupied lands to the Illinois Central and
exacting an obligation to pay the state 7 per
cent on the gross earnings of the road. For
some years the railroad has been paying
over an amotmt about equal to the entire
expenses of the state government, and Illi-
nois thus gets the benefits of state owner-
ship without the investment of any money
and without the anxieties and uncertainties
pertaining to railway management. — The
Railway Age,

How The Outcast Became A Man.

|NE crime remained for No. 32—
mixed freight, west bound.
Shorthanded and overloaded
(five in the crew and eighty-
three car?), she had ''broken" twice, stop-
ped for hot-box four times, and had been
forced to double over every hill from
Crews to Stockton.

Therefore, at Benton she had "laid out"
No. 17, eastbound passenger; at Jefferson
she had held up No. So, the fast freight of
refrigerated perishables rushing to Chicago ;
at Evans she had delayed passenger No.
15 for half an hour; at Brunswick she had
held back passenger No. 2A, and last, at
Lavem she had laid out, for almost an hour,
the crack Transcontinental Express No. 9,
eastbomid.

In ten minutes No. 32 would complete
the calendar by laying out No. 10 also, the
twin Transcontinental rushing up from be-
hind. The siding at Stockton (which the
freight had been allowed fifty minutes to
reach from Lavem, ten miles back) was
still eight miles ahead, and forty of the
fifty minutes were gone.

The crew, out thirty-eight hours, were
exhausted, exasperated, humiliated. They
had freighted too long to mind the mere
thirty-eight hours' exhaustion and exasper-
ation, but this time the humiliation was
overdone.

Their superiors had humiliated them per-
sonally and pointedly at the larger towns
and by wire at the stops between. Their
equals on the other trains had humbled

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

them as they slunk into the sidings; but
what was entirely intolerable, their infer-
iors and worse, the very hobos stealing
rides on the train, had mocked them and
rubbed it in.

Thirty hobos bad boarded the train at the
hill beyong Lavern, overborne the weak
crew, broken into a car of food-stuffs, and,
after eating what they wanted, had scattered
the rest along the right-of-way till it had
ceased to amuse them.

The crew had found it best to sulk very
silently in the caboose at the end of the
train till the volley of stones smashing
through the windows told that the tramps
had departed. Then, as one man, the
crew of No. 32 sprang forward for revenge.

The object was sti^l asleep in the "empty"
at the middle of the train. The crew had
come upon him some hours before ; but that
was before they had learned the personal
advantages of enforcing the rule to eject
tramps, and before they had laid out the
last two passenger trains and the Trans-
continental, and received the telegraphic
comments thereon.

Harring kicked the object of conscious-
ness while Kalvcrt and Bender, one on each
side, picked him up. One of the others
opened wider the big door of the box car.

"One," Harring remarked, with another
kick, as Kalvert and Bender swung the
hobo between them.

"Two," Harring kicked again. No. 32 in
a last spurt to reach the siding before No.
10 could overtake it, put on speed and
jumped ahead, but the men in the car did
not heed it.

"Three !" The hobo, at the touch of Har-
ing's foot, swung free from the hands on
cither side and dove out through the door
in a low parabola. A howl! and for an
instant a gray gap appeared in the flying
hedge beside the track.

"He's hit the road," muttered Harring.
"What do you want to hurt a man for?"
He blan\ed it upon the otheirs. "Why
couldn't you let him go into the bush ?"

Kalvert spat upon the floor, but turned
his face away from the lantern.

"We're hitting it up," he observed care-
lessly. "The damned hobo."

Bender grunted gniffly.

The hobo drew himself up on his hands.
He felt stunned and deadened all over, and
was conscious n:ore of a battered dullness
than of pain. He had a numbed under-
standing that he must have been quite
senseless after he struck — ^not for very long,
but for a few moments anyway.

Yet as he dragged himself around and
sat up, he saw that he could scarcely have
lost consciousness. - They had thrown him
off half-way around a cun-e, and the red
light of the caboose was still visible at the
farther horn of the crescent.

He gazed at it stupidly and rubbed his
eyes with his swollen knuckles, but still the
red light persisted there, and it came to him
slowly that the train must have stopped.

There were no signs anywhere of a town,
or even the target-lights of a siding, but
he was sure now that the train had stopped.
The hobo roused himself, and after an-
other moment's rest staggered up. The train
might start at any minute, of course, but
now it was stopped and only a hundred
yards off.

The wagon road the tramp had been
thrown upon might lead to a town, but he
couldn't tell how far off it might be or in
which direction. The train was there, and
now that he was hurt the hobo thought he
might get the crew to let him ride to the
next station; if not, he might hide himself
somehow.

He started after the train as rapidly as he
could. The numbness was still over him
with its dull deadening, and its dragging
weariness. It wasn't sharp or stinging at
any point, but the pain was so complete and
general throughout his body that, in spite
of the agony us he ran, the hobo felt no
anger or even resentment toward the men
who had hurt him.

He was wondering only whether he could
catch them in time to ask them to let him
on again; and if they wouldn't, he was
planning where he might hide from them.

Then he saw that something was the
matter with the train. The cars were not
straight on the track, but were lying across
it in every direction. The roofs had slid
down and the sides bulged out. Big boards
and barrels and boxes were thrown about,
and as far as the tramp could see through

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the darkness, the wavy line of cars zig-
zagged crazily over both sides of the track.
Some were rolled over on their sides, while
one or two were on their backs with their
wheels in the air.

But nowhere in the long line was there
a sound or sign of life, although the tittle
flaring wick in the red lamp at the rear of
the train still burned. The tramp pulled
the lamp from its fastening and walked
along the wreckage, until, from under a
pile of boards at bis feet, he heard a groan.

The hobo kicked the boards and the groan
sounded again. He leaned over, and with
a queer, silly feeling at his weakness, tug-
ged ineffectually at the planking. His fin-
gers kept letting go their hold and he sat
back helplessly, lut he knew the man un-
derneath was conscious now, for the mut-
ter ings were audible, though ytill incoherent.

"Number ten ... ten .. . ten
. . . ten . . . damn ... ten

. . . ten . . . ten " the man

underneath was saying as the hobo tugged
over him.

The tramp tore a b^ard free and the man
below shuddered and twisted his head in
the ragged hole.

"Number ten, damn you,^ he gasped in
pain from the weight of which his lungs
were relieved.

"Stop ten ... ten ... you
damned hobo," he gasped as the pain grip-
ped him again, "stop ten— the express train
behind us," he explained madly, "stop it
. . . stop it . . . lantern there

. . run . . . run . . . run!
ft

The hobo understood at last, and Harring
sank back again unconscious.

The tramp was running mechanically, au-
timatically, at the trainman's bidding. From
far away the whistle of No. 10 came
to him, half startled him from his automat-
ism, and he raced on more consciously.
His legs wobbled queerly as he forced them
and he stimibled between the ties, some-
times staggering two or three steps back-
ward to save his balance before he could
lunge madly forward again.

The second screech from No. 10 echoed
past htm, and, as he looked fearfully ahead
and did not see the engine, he suddenly re-

called that he was on the curve and spur-
red on more desperately, throwing himself
forward now as he stumbled and pressing
himself up again with his free hand when
he fell. It was quite two hundred yards to
the beginning of the straight stretch which
he must reach to signal the train.

Again No. 10 whistled, but now the
sound, instead of coming around the cres-
cent ahead, seemed to the tramp to come
through the woods at his side, and, as he
glanced aside, it seemed to come directly
through the opening where a path ran
through the trees. Spontaneously facing
about to the direction of the shriek, the
tramp raced into the cut-off.

The pound of the train now came to him
clearly as he ran ; but the smooth dirt of the
path spread before him. Yet he lurched
over it, with high, strained strides, and,
still feeling for the treacherous ties when
they were no longer there to trip him, he
slipped at first. But his stride soon adapted
itself and he reeled on to beat the train.

To beat the train! The exhaust of the
Transcontinental's great engine already
hissed through the trees about him, yet he
had to beat the train, lie had to
beat it, but he could hear it coming
so fast that his little steps seemed nothing.
He could feel the pain of his muscles and
the beat of his feet upon the path, but com-
pared with the tremendous rush of the train,
he seemed held by a weight.

In the opening ahead he saw the track
where it crossed his little path, and he had
to beat the train to the track! Madly, think-
ing only to win the race, and to lighten him-
self, he hurled the signal lantern from him
and seemed to gain a little.

The track showed plainly before him, al-
most at his feet, so plainly that he knew
the headlight of the engine was almost over
the spot where the path crossed it. To beat
the train there to beat the train. He didn't
know where his strength came from or that
it came at all till it stiffened his legs and
steadied him. He was ten feet from the
track, but the train was almost as near the
crossing.

To beat it now — to win at the finish!
The white glare of the headlight smote his
eyes but he shut them and /threw himself

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

forward blindly, with his arms thrown
out.

It was the end of the race, and wildly,
madly now, the engine — the big pounding
engine beaten by the little man— roared to try
to frighten him away and win after all; but
the little man wouldn't be frightened or
cheated. With the blind, reckless burst of
his triumph, he gathered himself, hurled
forward— and beat the train to the track.

"The crazy, damned hobo," the engineer
of No. 10 sputtered to the group which
gathered around the pilot. ''Suicide ; suicide,
that's what it is. Jumped right out ot the
bushes there and threw himself under the
wheels. Heard me whistle, didn't you? But
he was bound to kill himself.

'•Thought he might be crazy and I gave
her sand and reversed her ; but he was un-
der the wheels as soon as I saw him. Sui-

cide, suicide . . . dove right under the
wheels . . . and I'll get raked for kill-
ing him! Killing him? Lordl"

A man — Bender— blood-spattered and
winded, burst through the group and clung,
panting, to the engineer.

"Thank God y* stopped," he gasped,
"thank God y* stopped. Thirty-two's all
over the track 'round the curve and . . .
what stopped ye? Ran over man? . . .
Lord! It's the crazy hobo we swung off
bout here . . . Lucky f r us, too—
the poor, crazy hobo *'

But the engineer of No. 10 was kneeling
and fingering gently the rough cloth of the
sleeve of the man lying tmder the pilot.

"Poor, crazy hobo," he murmured very
softly, "poor, crazy hobo."— Lo^or Times-
Herald, Ft. Wayne, Ind.

The Derelict.

|IM BANNISTER jumped out
of the train, his black bag
in his hand, and his eyes
went ranging up and down
the platform in search of his wife
and children. They generally were
there to meet him when he came down
from town on Friday evening. Fnding
that they were not visible, he left the station
and took the road that led away from the
town and the harbor toward the new suburb
which has of late years set up in business
as a watering place. It was cheap and
healthy, and the boys liked to go down to
the harbor and see the ships and talk to
the sailors.

Bannister soon got out of town, for he
was walking fast, but as the road began to
rise his pace became slower till, as he
neared the bend where the road turned to-
ward the cluster of red brick villas, he was
going quite leisurely.

A man was sitting on the stile at the cor-
ner— a tramp, he seemed to be. Bannister
frowned. He was a hard-working man
himself, and he did not like tramps— per-
haps envied them a little. His face assumed
a stem look as he went along.

As he approached the man got up and
came toward him. Yes, he was a tramp;
there could be no doubt of it His rough
pilot cloth trousers were worn and stained.
He wore no shirt, for the old tweed jacket
was buttoned up to the neck. On his head
was a battered soft felt hat; on his feet a
pair of coarse seaman's shoes.

He stopped as he drew near the respect-
able man with the black bag, but he did not
say a word. Bannister looked at him.
Their eyes met, and the unspoken appeal
was more eloquent than any words could
have been. Plainly the man was a derelict.

So clear was the expression in the man's
face that Bannister answered him as if he
had spoken.

"Sorry I have nothing for you."

The man's swarthy cheeks flushed.

"Did I ask you for anything?" he said.
Then, the next instant : "I beg your pardon.
I am wrong. I did, though not in so many
words."

"You look as If you needed help," Jim
said awkwardly.

"Then my looks only tell the truth," said
the derelict, and as he spoke he smiled.
The smile startled Bannister. This was the

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

face of a cultivated man, of what one calls
a gentleman, dirty and tmshaven as it was.
He felt that he could not offer this tramp a
copper.

"I am sorry," h« said hastily, *1>ut I can't
stop to hear your story tonight" —

"Did I offer to tell it?" said the man
calmly.

"No. Yet I should like to hear it**

"I don't see the object of my telling it.
It is a very common one. I quarreled with
my best friend, an uncle. He treated me
unjustly, or I thought he did. So I ran
away to Australia to seek my fortune, and
I found— this."

He ended with a rueful downward glance
at his tatered raiment

"So you made your way back to the old
country?" Bannister said, absently fingering
the coins in his trouser pocket.

"Yes — and to the old town. And now
that I have got here I can't find the courage
to speak to a soul.* You see, I worked my
passage home, and I scarcely think any of
my old friends would now be pleased to see
me.

He gave a short, bitter laugh.

"But you must have some relatives?"

"Only the uncle I told you of. He is
dead I have seen his grave in the church-
yard. And the old house is in the hands
of strangers.*'

By this time fhty were moving on side
by side, for '^annj'ter was anxious to get
home.

"I should like to ask your opinion about
one thing," said the derelict, abruptly.

"Well, what is it?"

"In books, when a man goes off as I did,
there is generally some one that cares for
him. Now how long do yoa think a girl
would be likely to wait for a fellow, never
getting word or sign from him all the
time? Would she be likely to wait five
years, do you think?"

Jim Bannister could have laughed aloud.
He could have laughed at the idea of any
girl waiting five years for an absent lover,
without a word to show that he yet cared
for her. He could have laughed at the idea
of any woman waiting for the human wreck
at hia side. He could have laughed at the

eager look on the man's half-savage face
as he put his absurd question.

But there was a pathetic look in the
brown eyes, and Bannister did not laugh.
As he kept on looking the inclination to
laugh died away altogether. Instead, he
gave the answer that seemed to him at the
moment the only possible one to give.

"A girl would wait ten years — twenty
years— for the man she loved. That is, 11
she were a true woman. I am certain of
it. I know it by my— I mean I am sure of
it, from women I have known. Time makes
no difference in their love. And absence
only makes them love more strongly."

"You really think so?" asked the tramp,
in a choking voice.

"I do."

The tramp stood still.

"I am glad to hear you say that," he said,
huskily. "I am glad I asked you the ques-
tion. You have put new life into me. Good-
night, sir." And he was turning away.

"This will get you a bed and some sup-
per," said Bannister, handing him a silver
coin.

The tramp looked from the money to the
giver.

"I should like to send this back to you
when I can," he said. "Will you tell me
your name?"

"You needn't mind, but my name is Ban-
nister. We are staying here for the rest of
the month. Good-night." He waved his
hand and was gone.

The tramp leaned over a gate, thinking.
He could see the chimneys of the house
tliat had been his uncle's, the house he had
hoped would one day be his own. It be-
longed to Charley Hudson now. So he had
been told in the town.

But Margaret had preferred him, though
some called him a ne'er-do-well. Was it
possible that she had been waiting for him
all these years?

The very thought made his heart burn.

It seemed impossible. It was too much to

expect from any girl. Yet that man — what

was his name? Bannister — he had seemed

to think it quite likely. He must find out.

He must get some decent clothes so that

he might make inquiries. Some one in the

town must know what had b€gDme-of her.
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Another thing — he must send back that
money to Bannister as soon as possible. But
how was he to find him? He knew the
man's name, but not his address; and he
was only a summer visitor. He might not
be able to repay the money for weeks. He
turned and began running after Bannister as
well as his clumsy shoes would let him. A
little ahead there was a bend in the road,
and he felt sure that once around that cor-
ner, he would catch sight of him.

He turned the comer, and saw Bannister,
but he was not alone. A girl in a light gray
costume was coming rapidly to meet him.
Two children darted from her side, and
outrunning her, threw themselves into their
father's arms.

The two, the man and the woman, came
close together. She held up her face, and
he stooped and kissed it.

It was not till then that he saw her face.
Margaret !

His heart stood still. He would not be-
lieve it. Had not the man said ? But,

of course, he could not know.

Was it Margaret? He did not feel quite
sure, now that her back was turned to him.
But he felt that he must knovy at once.

At one side of the road there was a thick
hedge, and a field on the other side of it.
The tramp ran back to the gate, climbed
over it, and then ran, under cover of the
hedge, so as to pass beyond the little group.
There was no difficulty about it. The hedge
screened him completely. He could see
them coming slowly along. The woman
had her hand on her companion's arm, and
she smiled into bis face as they talked. It
was Margaret herself.

He could hear the man's voice now, and
he crouched lower, lest he might be seen.

"The poor fellow actually asked me if I
thought a girl would wait five years for an
absent lover, and I hadn't the heart to say
what I thought. I said: 'Yes—twenty
years!" Poor chap. I suppose he fancies
somebody is waiting for him."

The voice ceased ; and the tramp, peering
out from his hiding place, saw that Mar-
garet had withdrawn her hand from the
man's arm, and was walking a little apart
from him.

"So she hasn't told him anything about
me. Naturally !" said the tramp to himself.

He got back to the road, and thrusting his
hand into his pocket, his fingers closed on
the piece of money. In another instant he
had dashed it down on the road, and was
hastening back to the harbor.

That night he spent in an outhouse. The
next day, driven by himger, he went to a
farmhouse, asking for work, but hoping to
get some food. The farmer, by way of a
joke, offered him a job, and seemed sur-
prised when he jumped at the offer.

By degrees the tramp began to assume
the appearance ol a decent working man.
He wore moleskins instead of his old rags ;
on week-days he worked hard ; but on Sun-
days he went and lay on the sand and list-
ened to the surf breaking on the beach, and
dreamed.

One Sunday afternoon a little mite, three
or four years old, got surrounded by the
tide as she was building a castle on the
sand. There was not a shadow of danger,
but it was impossible to reach her dryshod.
The tramp waded through the water, picked
up the child, and looked around for her
mother.

It was Margaret who dropped her book
and came flying over the sands — Margaret 1

He put the little one down gently and
turned away.

In a moment there was a patterin** c^ ?oft
footsteps behind him.

"Won't you let me thank you- ? Oh,
Alan, it is you ! Don't you know me ?"

"Yes, Margaret, I know you, but I
thought I had letter keep away from you.
I've treated you badly, precious badly. But
I can't stand by and see you another man's
wife."

"Aunt Margaret ! Auntie ! Me want *oo !"
piped a childish voice. Alan Dean gave a
great start. His heart beat wildly.

"What?" he cried. "You are not the
child's mother? You are not Mr. Bannis-
ter's wife?"

"No, no, Alan. Jim Bannister married
my sister. I — I knew you would come back,
and I waited!"

"Your uncle found out after you had
gone," Margaret said, as they made their
way slowly homeward a good^hour after-
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ward, "that he was quite wrong. He had
made a mistake in the accounts, and you
were perfectly honest He bitterly repented
his words to you, and would have written
if he had known where to address you. He
told me so himself. And to show that he
was convinced that he had misjudgec you,
he left you a half share of everything he
had. The house is yours, and the farm
with it

"Why, I thought Charley Hudson was to
have that He was the favorite, you know."

"Yes, but your imcle thought he owed
you some reparation for thinking you had

cheated him, and so driving you away from
home. He died almost four years ago. My
sister had been married some time before
that."

"And you, my dearest? What have you
been domg?"

"Oh, I live in London now. I have
pupils. And, I have been— waiting."

He turned suddenly and caught her to
his breast "Please God, my little girl," he
whispered, as he strauied her yet closer to
him, "our waiting days are nearly over!"—
The SalesvHin,

Beyond The Pale.

BY ROLLiN CUTTER, Express Gosctte,

|UMULT— wild, unrestrained tu-
mult—reigned in the black night
that enveloped Broad Gulch.
The subdued raving of the
thunder, muffled by g^eat black clouds, cul-
minated occasionally in crescendo crashes —
heaven-piercing, earth-shattering. The light-
ning darted here and there, etching vivid
pictures on an inky background. Then the
rain poured down in sheets, and the wind,
shrieking through the thriving railroad cen-
ter, hurled itself upon Broad Gulch station
as if to blot out the lonely beacon-star that
gleamed from the window, attended by its
satelites of red and green.

"Click, click, click, click ^"

Randolph Payne, ithe operator, looked
eagerly toward his instrument. For hours
the fury of the storm had rendered it al-
most unintelligible, but now its sharp metal-
lic chant attested that all was again well
throughout the storm-zone. It was the
operator at Randalls :

"Hello, Broad Gulch; all O. K. here—
how are you?" Payne responded in kind,
and then sank wearily back in his chair.

For days the last snows of winter had
been thawing on the slopes and the summits.
Tiny streams swelled to rivulets, rivulets to
torrents, until the modest creek at the bot-
tom of Broad Gulch resembled a yellow.

ice-choked sea, whose breakers toiled and
wrestled about the beams of the imposing
trestle which towered above it. And now,
although the storm was at its height, Ran-
dolph Payne felt that the real danger was
passed, and his instrument chirped forth a
message of good cheer, for the Gulch was
the cynosure of all anxious inquiries. Was
not Belle Lorimer, the President's niece and
daughter of the road, coming home to the
man she loved, from abroad, on 33? It was
a pretty romance that she, as well as Stan-
ley Brooke, Chief Despatcher, figured in.
Every man- jack on the D. & Y. realized the
necessity of extra precaution. Not that the
utmost precaution was not observed at all
times for the safety of passengers, but 33
was running on record-breaking time, owing
to the retarding influence of wind and
storm.

An hour passed, and the violence of the
storm was followed by a steady downpour.
Then, during a lull, Payne heard the dull,
monotonous roar of the waters of Broad
Gulch, which smote upon his ear like roars
of baffled rage. Throughout the long hours
he sat beside his instrument — a wan but
vigilant sentinel of the key.

"Dick, click, click, click *'

The wire was pulsing with another mes-
sage now, full of vital interest-lor hun. j It

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was from Stanley Brooke at Bluff Bay,
some miles on the other side of the Gulch.

"33 left Darling twenty minutes late, and
will reach your diggings about 11:10, run-
ning on time, and changing engines. She
passes through here like a streak. I
will be fortunate to get a glimpse of Belle's
embroidered handkerchief; you, lucky dog,
can have quite a chat with her. She will surely
look in, in spite of the weather, as she re-
members you perfectly. Have wired her,
but you can explain matters more fully."
Payne shrank back fron) the instrument as
if he had received a blow. "Keep me posted
on the trestle at the Gulch," clicked the
instrument. Payne's hand shook as he sent
this reply:

"Trestle O, K. Sound as a dollar !" Then
he sank into a chair.

She was coming here; he would be com-
pelled to face her — the woman he had
loved madly for years in secret. Never
to see her, never to let her suspect his hope-
less passion — then, perhaps, he might have
borne his fate in silence; but, in the illum-
inating presence of her beauty, he knew the
truth must come out. And what purpose
could it serve at this late day? Would it
make his secret easier to bear — to share it
with the lovers, who, despite all kindly feel-
ing, could have but little sympathy for
him? The woman he had lost and his best
friend, who had won her. He had chosen
his own course, and had no desire to pose
as a martyr. • Besides, he feared the betray-
al of another secret which he guarded al-
most as jealously, and which would only be
divulged with his dying breath.

About the time that Payne's friendship
for Belle Lorimer was ripening into love,
he discovered, on seeking medical advice
for certain irregularities of the action of
the heart, that, although apparently in sound
health in all other respects, his life, in real-
ity, hung by a thread. This was due to the
weakness of one of the principal arteries,
which might at any time suffer a rupture or
aneurism — invariably fatal in its effect.
With such a sword of Damocles suspended
above their heads, when any moment might
see him plunged into eternity, Payne real-
ized that perfect happiness for himself
and the woman he loved was out of

the question. Luckily, matters had not
gone far enough to require an ex-
planation, and he gradually dropped out
of her life. Too conscientious to re-
main in a position where his very pres-
ence was a menace to the traveling public,
Payne resigned his position and departed
for the coast, without explaining matters,
even to his best friend.

Four years passed, and Payne, still in the
land of the living began to doubt the cor-
rectness of the medical diagnosis. Some
irresistible fascination drew him back to the
region of the D. & Y. Road. As good oper-
ators were scarce, Brooke, now Chief of
Train Despatchers, prevailed upon him to
take the trick at the Gulch, although Payne
promised himself to step out at the very
first symptom of his former weakness. He
had word of Belle occasionally in a round-
about way. He heard of her brilliant debut
in Eastern society, of the havoc her beauty
wrought in a retinue of ardent suitors, and
finally of her return and rumored engage-
ment to Stanley Brooke. All this he heard
without a trace of bitterness or recrimina-
tion. It became a religion with him to hide
the truth, that the beautiful romance of the
lovers might not be marred by a single re-
gret for him. And to complete the chain
of circumstances, on the very evening of
Belle Lorimer's return. Herb Allen, the
train despatcher at Bluff Bay, was taken ill.
With no sub available to relieve him,
Brooke jumped into the breach, placing the
stem duty of his profession before the pleas-
urable duty of receiving his promised bride
at Y , the terminal of the road.

With his soul torn by conflicting emo-
tions, Payne nervously paced the floor, until
the click of the instruments arrested his
steps. Stanley Brooke, his chief, was call-
ing him again.

"Be sure and keep me posted on the tres-
tle at Broad Gulch."

"Broad Gulch trestle O. K. If anything
happens, will let >ou know — dead or alive!"
responded Payne with some little irritation.
Brooke marveled at the ambiguity of his
message, but the instrument was silent after
that

The despatcher walked to the window,

looking out into the night The storm had

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ceased as if by magic, and the moon strug-
gled through the clouds. Suddenly the
door opened, and Fatty Morehead, the
trackman, burst into the station. He was
wet to the skin and covered with mud from
head to foot He dropped into a chair, his
livid face and widely-staring eyes bent on
the clock.

"Thank God, I am on time 1" he panted.

"In heaven's name, Fatty, what has hap-
pened?" cried Payne.

"The trestle over the Gulch— it's going
to pieces! The worst washout in years!"

A moment later Payne was flashing the
news to headquarters; then his instrument
chirped volubly in reply.

"14 has left RandaU's. We must hold
her here," said the despatcher. "After you
have set the signals, Fatty/' he continued
kindly, "you had better go home and get
into some dry clothes. I will warn Brooke
to hold 33 at Bluff Bay. Thank goodness,
the wire crosses Broad Gulch at a single
span! There'll be nothing else doing to-
night"

Once more Payne was alone with his
thoughts. A great weight seemed lifted
from him. It was an ill wind, and it blew
good for both Brooke and himself. It pre-
vented a meeting he feared, and insured
Stanley a chat with his lady-love. And yet,
now that it was denied him, he longed for
a glimpse of her — only to hold her hand for
a moment in his own. Even if the shock
proved too great, gentle hands would lead
her away — she need not see the end. The
light of her eyes would make less abrupt the
transition to Paradise; the melody of her
voice would attune his soul to the music of
the spheres. A red mist rose before his
eyes and a sob escaped him as he bent his
head upon the table. Then for a time he
knew no more.

It seemed to him but an instant ; when he
raised his eyes to the clock, however, he
was terrified. Ten minutes had elapsed;
in three minutes 33 would be tearing
through Bluff Bay — and the warning mes-
sage had not been sent. A g^'eat pain
wrenched his side; when he tried to rise,
his limbs failed him; then he knew the
worst had happened. But, greater than his

fear of death, was the fear that 33 would
get past Bluff Bay.

It has been said that when a man dies in
the full possession of his faculties the
events of his life pass in hurried pageant
before his mind's eye. Payne saw only the
wild waters of the Gulch, now dyed blood-
red, and ringing in his ears like a dirge.
On its surface were buffeted " the huge
beams of the lost trestle, shaping in rude
characters the words "hold 33— hold 33!"

Suddenly the rigor of pain left him. Al-
though the hand of death was upon him,
his hand sought the key. He called Brooke
and sent the message, but no answer came.
Agam he called Bluff Bay, but with the
same result The spark of life might have
gone out then had not the very horror of die
thing held it in abeyance.

All at once a wild, inhuman joy shook his
dying frame. What were those other lives
to him? She was on the ill-fated train.
Perhaps in his very hour of dissolution her
soul would be winging its flight from the
depths of Broad Gulch, to be tmited with
his own in some remote astral region. What
was death and annihilation in the face of
such a thought?

"Wait for me tliere— I shall not fail
To meet you in the hollow vale !"

"No— no— no!" he tried to shriek. "I am
false to my trust Every hair of their
heads, every quivering eyelash, is in my
keeping. I am responsible for their safe
conduct ! I have failed in the hour of need !"

Kneeling at the very key-board of the
universe, he formulated a wish— a wish
stronger than his hope of heaven, dearer to
his soul than its dream of immortality; and
his departing spirit took the form of that
prayer: "Save 33!"

When the crew of 14 blundered into the
station, they found him peaceful and smil-
ing in death. His hand had slipped from
the silent key. He had found a surer way.

Stanley Brooke heard 33 whistle at 10:57.
He stepped out and across the tracks to see
her take the curve. Glancing back at the
station, he was surprised to see a shadowy
form seated at his instrument A cold per-
spiration broke out on his forehead, and his
knees shook under him, for in-ihe snccbral
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smile and ghastly feature he recognized
Randolph Payne. The figure rose and de-
liberately made the signal which brings a
train to a full stop, vanishing at once. Then
he remembered his friend's last message:
"If anything happens, will let you know, dead
or alive!"

In the glare of the headlight of 33 Stan-
ley Brooke raced to the platform, and, seiz-
ing a red lantern, waved it vigorously in
the path of the approaching train.

"Trestle at Broad Gulch is gone to the
bad. A terrible accident has been averted !"
As the excited passengers crowded around
to thank him, he continued: "Don't thank
me. Poor Randolph Payne, the despatcher
at Broad Gulch died at his post tonight.
This was his last message to me.'' And
Stanley hurried away to find Belle.

That Payne knew of the successful in-
terpretation of his message Brooke had no
doubt.

The Popular Undertaker.

|E had stopped at a station. Two
men had got into the sleeping
car and had taken seats in the
vacant section, yawning occa-
sionally, and conversing in a languid, per-
functory sort of way. They sat opposite
each other, occasionally looking out of the
window, but always giving the stray im-
pression that they were tired of each other's
company. As I looked out of my curtains
at them the One Man said with a feebly
concealed yawn:

"Yes; well, I reckon he was at one time
as popular an imdertaker ez I knew."

The Other Man (inventing a question
rather than giving an answer, out of some
languid impulse)— But was he— this yer
ondertaker— a Christian— had he jined the
church ?

The One Man (reflectively)- Well, I
don't know ez you might call him a per-
fessin' Christian; but he bed— yes, he hed
conviction. I think Dr. Wiley hed him im-
der conviction. Et least, that was the way
I got it from him.

A long, dreary pause. The Other Man
(feeling it was incumbent on him to say
something)— But why was he popler ez an
ondertaker?

The One Man (lazily)— Well, he was
kinder popler with widders and widderers
— sorter soothen 'era a kinder keerless way ;
slung 'em suthin here and there sometimes
outer the book, sometimes outer himself, ez
a man of experience ez hed sorrer. Hed,
they say (cautiously) lost three wives his-

self, and five children by this yer new dis-
ease—diththery— out m Wisconsin. I don't
know the facts, but that's what got round.

The Other Man— But how did he lose his
popularity?

The One Man— Well, that's the question.
You see, he introduced some things into
ondertaking that was new. He hed, for in-
stance, a way, as he called it, of manniper-
lating the features of the deceased.

The Other Man — How mannipcrlating
them?

The One Man (struck with a bright and
aggressive thought)— Look yer, did yer no-
tiss how, generally speaking, onhandsome a
corpse is?

The Other Man had noticed this fact.

The One Man (returning to his fact)—
Why, there was Mary Peebles, ez was
daughter of my wife's bosom friend — a
mighty pooty girl and a perfessing Chris-
tian— died of scarlet fever. Well, that gal
— I was one of the mourners, being my
wife's best friend— well, that gal, though I
hedn't, perhaps, oughter say— lying in that
casket, fetched all the way from some Al
establishment in Chicago, filled with flow-
ers, and furbelows— didn't really seem to be
of much account. Well, although my wife's
friend and me a mourner — well, now I was
—disappointed and discouraged.

The Other Man (in palpable sympathy)
— Shol now!

"Yes, sir. Well, you see, this yer onder-
taker— this Wilkins — ^hed a way of correct-
ing all that. And just by marniiDerlatian.
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He woriced over the face of the deceased
ontil he produced what the survivin* rela-
tives called a look of resignation— you
know, a sort of smile like. When he want-
ed to put in any extrys he produced what
he called — hevin' reg*lar charges for this
kind of work — a Christian hope."

The Other Man— I want to know.

"Yes. Well, I admit, at times, it was a
little startlin'. And Tve allers said (a little
confidentially) that I hed my doubts of its
being scriptooral or sacred, bdng, ez you
know, worms of the yearth ; and I relieved
my mind to our pastor, but he didn't feel
like interfering, ez long ez it was confined
to church membership. But the other day
when Cy Dunham died— you disremember
Cy Dtmham— "

A long mterval of silence. The Other
Man was looking out of the window, and
had apparently forgotten his companion
completely. But as I stretched my head
out of the curtain I saw four other heads
as eagerly reached out from their berths to
hear the conclusion of the story. One head,
a female one, instantly disappeared on my
looking around, but a certain tremulousness
of her window curtain showed an unabated
interest The only two utterly disinter-
ested men were the One Man and the
Other Man.

The Other Man (detaching himself lan-
guidly from the window)— Cy Dunham?

"Yes. Cy never hed hed either convic-
tions or perfessions. Sorter like the prodi-
gal son, only a little more so, ez far ez I
kin judge from the facts as stated to me.
Well, Cy one day petered out, down at Lit-
tle Rock, and was sent up here for inter-
ment The fammerly being proud-like, of
course, didn't spare any money on that fu-
neral, and it was— now between you and
me— about ez shapely and first class and
prime mess affair ez I ever saw. Wilkins
bed put in his extrys. He had put on to
that prodigal's face the Al touch— hed him
fixed up with a Christian's hope. Well— it
was about the turning point, for thar was
some of the members and the pastor hisself
thought that the line oughter to be drawn
somewhere, and thar was some talk at Deac.
Tibbit's about a regular conference meetin*

regarding it But it wasn't that which made
him onpopular."

Another silence — ^no expression or reflec-
tion from the face of the Other Man of the
least desire to know what ultimately settled
the unpopularity of ithe undertaker, but
from the curtains of the various berths ap-
peared several eager and one or two even
wrathful faces, anxious for the result

The Other Man (lazily recurring to the
lost topic) — Well, what made him onpop'-
lar?

The One Man (quietly)— Extrys, I think
— that is, I suppose — not knowing (cauti-
ously) all the facts. When Mrs. Widde-
combe lost her husband — 'bout two months
ago— though she'd been through the valley
of the shadder of death twice — this bein' her
third marriage, hevin' been John Barker's
widder —

The Other Man (with an intense expres-
sion of interest) — No, you're foolin' me.

The One Man (solemnly)— Ef I was to
appear before my Maker tomorrow, yes.
She was the widder of Barker.

The Other Man— Well, I swow!

The One Man— Well, this Widder Wid-
decombe, she put up a big funeral for the
deceased. She hed Wilkins, and that onder-
taker just laid hisself out Just spread his-
self. Onfort'nately— ^perhaps fort'nately in
the ways of providence— one of Widdc-
combe's frien's, a doctor up there in Chi-
cago, comes down to the funeral. He goes
up with the friends to look at the deceased,
smilin* a peaceful sort of heavenly smile,
and everybody sayin' he's gone to meet his
reward, and this yer friend turns round
short and sudden on the widder settin' in
her pew, and kinder enjoyin', as wimmen
will, all the compliments paid the corpse,
and he says, says he:

"What did you say your husband died of,
marm?"

"Consimiption," she says, wiping her eyes,
poor critter— "consumption— gallopiii con-
sumption."

"Consumption be d d," sez he, bein'

a profane kind of (Chicago doctor, and not
bein' ever under conviction. "Thet man
died of strychnine. Look at that face. Look
at thet contortion of them /facial muscles.

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That's strychnine. Thet's risers Sardoni-
cus." (Thet's what he said ; he was always
sorter profane.)

"Why, doctor," says the widder, "thet—
thet is his last smile. It's a Christian resig-
nation."

"Thct be blowed; don't tell me," sez he.
"Hell is full of that kind of resignation.
It's pison. And I'll — ** Why, dem my skin,

yes ye are; yes, it's Joliet Well, now,
who'd hev thought we'd been nigh on to an
hour?

Two or three anxious passengers from
their berths : "Say, look yer, stranger ! Old
man! What became of—"

But the One Man and the Other Man had
vanished. — Bret Harte in San Francisco
News Letter of April 14, 1877.

The Necessities.

Just a little bit o' tater,

Just a little bit o* bread.
Just a little bit o' piller

Where to lay yer sleepy head
When the workin' day is ended;

Just a rooftree's shelter, too.
Also just a little lovin'

When the clouds are crowdin' you.

Oh, ifs just the bit o' lovin'

Makes the world seem green and glad ;
Just a little bit o' bal^

With her arms held out to dad;
Just a little baby's mother

Workin' 'round you with a song —
Oh, the world is never gloomy,

And the day is never long.

Oh, I wouldn't traded places

With old Russell Sage at all!
With no bab/s kiss to greet him.

And no baby voice to call
Out in joy at his home-comin',

And to run to him in glee —
Uncle Russell with his millions

Couldn't traded jobs with me.

Just a little care-free cottage

With the vines about the door,
Just a laughing, giggling baby

You can tussle on the floor
When the workin' day is ended;

Just a roof to shelter you,
Also just a little lovin'.

An' a babe to holler, "Boo!'*

^Houston Post,

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Google

This Department la open to all women friends of the Brotherhood.

The Children's Birthright « * ^»»'" chance of living wcU and happily and use-
fully, is a birthright of children, then appropriate

The defense of play for children is an unnec- ^^^ •"<* drink are also a birthright of children.
essary task. Play teaches through the senses and ^ would go further than the orthodox authorities:
muscles (the great paths to knowledge), the lesson I would assert that, of the children who die be-
ef loyalty (the seed of the patriotic spirit), of ^ore the age of five, the vast majority would,
honor, of respect for opponents, of pluck, of in- with appropriate food and drink and a few other
itiative, of obedience and self-sacrifice, of training cheap conditions, not only live but also thrive. —
and fitness. Besides, thanks to its intervals of BausHce Miles, in London Chronicle.

rapid movement and rest, and thanks to the en-

jojrment and the tonic effects of enjoyment upon ^ ^ ^

the bk)od and circulation and nerves, it is in- Baby Customs In Foreign Countries.

valuable as a means to health.

The second birthright of children often goes Salted and buttered babies are just as much

with the first; it is air and light and some con- matter of fact as b the sterilized, hygienic baby

tact with nature. of civilization, and it is doubtful — could the little

The third birthright often goes with the first: mites of all creeds express an opinion on their

physical exercise of the right sort. Today most treatment when they enter the world — which cus-

children in cities are cramped out of their natural tom would receive the most compliments,

shape and health by too long sitting and standing. When a baby is born in Guinea all sorts of

by too much reading and writing and word-work, funny things happen to it Its mother buries it

It is our duty toward them to teach them how in the sand up to its waist so it cannot get into

to use the left hand, for example; how to breathe, mischief, and this is the only cradle it knows

how to relax the muscles^ how to walk and run, anything about.

stand, sit, and lie, how to swim^ how to make The little Lapp infant is cradled in a shoe — its

good the deficiencies and correct the deformities mother's. This is a big affair covered with skin

that city flesh is heir to; in brief, to lay healthy &nd stuffed with soft moss. This can be hung on

habits as firm foundations deeply fixed in the • tree or covered up with snow while mama goes

days of youth. to church or to any place where babies are not

We ought to supervise the development of invited,

children, training (as naturally and pleasantly and The baby of Irdia rides in a basket which hangs

unfussily as possible) the large muscles before from its mothe: s head, or from her hip or in a

the small, quickness before endurance and strain- hammock. I . some parts the baby's nose is

ing strength, teaching repose and relaxation — the adorned wi^ii a nose-ring, and in others its face

birthright of children as of flowers; graduating the is wrapped in a veil like its mother,

progress, line upon line. The Chinese baby is tied to the back of an

The fourth birthright is rest itself — proper con- older child.

ditions and proper hints are often necessary even Th: Mongolian infants travel about in bags

for the tiniest children. The hint to relax the slun^; on a camel's back.

eyes, to look at something a long way off, is of In some parts of Europe and Asia there is a

itself of wonderful value even to the youngest as peculiar custom of salting new-bom babies. When

a remedy or preventive of highly strung nervous- a baby is bom among the Armenians of Russia

ness. the nurse takes the infant and covers the entire

The fifth birthright is appropriate food and skin with very fine salt. This salt is left on the

drink. The subject demands a volume rather baby for three hours or more and then the child

than a paragraph, but three errors claim notice is washed with warm water.

even In the very shortest space. They are: defi- In Asia Minor there is a tribe of people living

ciency of good body-building material (proteid), in the mountains who do even worse than this,

together with natural "salt^" such as are pro- They salt their new>born babies and leave the salt

vided by the juices of fruits and vegetables; too on them for twenty- four hours. The modem

free use of wet, starchy food, pappy stuff which, Greeks sprinkle salt on their babies,

almost onmasticated, goes down to ferment within This practice of salting babies is an ancient cus-

the child; and the presence of stimulating and tom. It has its rise in superstition, of course,

irritating elements, especially of an over-acid kind. The mothers think that salting insures their chil-

It it hardly an exaggeration to say that if life^ dren health and strength, and that it will keep

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

evil spirits away from them. Even in some parts
of Germany salt is still used on the child at birth.

In some countries the mothers lay their babies
where a stream of water falls on their heads.
This is to make them tough, which it does tmless
the babies die as a result of this treatment. An-
other mother covers her baby's head with paste,
while the Tartar baby is covered with butter.

The worst fate of all falls to the lot of the
newly bom children in Bulgaria. Their mothers
put a hot omelette on the little ones' heads, to
make them solid and protect them from sunstroke.
—Th€ Scrap Book,

The Belle Of Long Ago.

I watch her sitting, rocking there,

And gazing dreamily away;
Her hands are wrinkled now that were

So plump and smooth and soft one day;
Her hair that once in ringlets hung

Forms one wee coil as white as snow;
Once she was free from cares, and young —

Perhaps she flirted long ago.

Her nose droops down, her lips are drawn.

She sighs for loved ones gone before;
The luster from her eyes is gone.

Her once round cheeks are round no more;
Yet once, perhaps, her glance was coy.

Perhaps it made her smile to know
That for her cruelty some boy

Was broken-hearted long ago.

She rises slowly, bent and small,

And moves with feeble, careful tread;
She wears a somber garb, and all

The graces from her form are fled;
But once, perhaps, she tripped along

In airy robes — the note of woe
In some forgotten poet's song

She may have given, long ago.

Ah, Time, thou rogue! I see her now

In all her youthful grace and charms —
Behold the ringlets on her brow.

The rounded whiteness of her arms.
I hear her merry laugh; she skips

Down flowery ways, her cheeks aglow
With pleasure at the sweet words from lips

That fell to dust long, long ago

—Chicago Record-Heratd.

A Girl I Used To Know.

Moth and mice and the years have scarred
Over the picture. Face all marred —
Face that once was a dream to see.
Fairest in all the world to me«
Out of the Past, where the shadow grays.
Whose is the face in the picture? Oh —
Only a girl that I used to know I
Perfume faint round the picture clings;
Oh, what a legion of thoughts it brings!
Odors of spring in the May night-air;
Breath of the rose in her clinging hair;
Great round moon from the whispering trees

Wafted up by the soft night-breeze; —

Moon that haloed the sweet hawthorn,
Silvered the dew on the rustling corn.

Put it away!

The day is strange;
My path has strayed
From the old life's range;
The eyes that laugh and the cheeks that glow
Belong to the world of the Long Ago!

Put it away!

I would forget
Whether the Past
Is living yet!
Whether the bloom and the myrtle grow
Over the girl that I used to know!

— San Francisco BulUtiu,

The Elocutionist's Curfew.

England's sun was slowly setting — (Raise your

right hand to your brow).
Filling all tha land with beauty — (Wear a gaze

of rapture now);
And the last rays kissed the forehead of a man

and maiden fair
(With a movement slow and graceful you may

now push back your hair);
He with sad, bowed head — (A drooping of your

head will be all right.
Till you hoarsely, sadly whisper) — "Curfew must

not ring tonight."

"Sexton," Bessie's white lips faltered— (Try here

to resemble Bess,
Though, of course, you know she'd never worn

quite such a charming dress),
"I've a lover in that prison" — (Don't forget to

roll your r's
And to shiver as though gazing through the iron

prison bars).
"Cromwell will not come till sunset" — (Speak

each word as though you'd bite
Every syllable to pieces) — "Curfew must not ring

tonight."

"Bessie." calmly spoke the sexton — (Here extend

your velvet palm.
Let it tremble like the sexton's as though striv*

ing to be calm),
"Long, long y'ars I've rung the curfew" — (Don't

forget to make it y'ars
With a pitiful inflection that a world of sorrow

bears),
"I have done my duty ever" — (Draw yourself up

to your height.
For you're speaking as the sexton) — "Gyurl, the

curfew rings tonight!"

Out she swung, far out — (Now here is where

you've got to do your best;
T^t your head be twisted backward, let great sobs

heave up your chest.
Swing your right foot through an>arc of 00

Hneal degrees, Digitized by VjOOQIC

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Then come down and swing your left foot and be

sure don't bend your knees;
Keep this up for 16 minutes till your face is worn

and white.
Then gaze at your mangled fingers) — "Curfew

shall not ring tonight I"

O'er the distant hills came Cromwell — (Right
hand to the brow once more;

Let your eyes look down the distance, say above
the entrance door)

At his foot she told her story — (Lift your hands
as though they hurt)

And her sweet young face so haggard — (Now
your pathos you assert.

Then you straighten up as Cromwell, and be sure
3rou get it right;

Don't say "Go, your liver lovesl") — well: "Cur-
few shall not ring tonigfatl*'

—W. D, Nesbii, m Harper't Magasine for De-
cember,

At last in desperation he threw his charms away.
And signs of superstition he would not obey.
Hunted work and found a job, and daringly

braved Fate;
But he never met her and he's been noticing of
late
That he has better luck.

— Pittsburg Leader.

An Unlucky Fellow.

A more unlucky fellow than he was hard to find

Notwithstanding that he carried amulets of ev'ry
kind.

But he never could get hold of one on which to
depend

And though he tried them by the score his for-
tunes wouldn't mend.
For be never did have luck.

He never passed a hunchback that he didn't rub

his hump.
And ev*ry time he spilt the salt he would burn

a lump,
A rabbit's foot about his clothes he carried night

and day;
When he saw a funeral coming he turned the

other way.
And still he had no luck.

On Fridays he was careful as any man could be

And carried double charms to ward off catastro-
phe,

'Gainst the fateful thirteen he was ever on his
guard.

For he believed to every man it was evil-starred.
And blamed if he had luck I

As for four-leaf clovers, he found them by the

bale
And whene'er he saw a pin you bet he'd never

fail
To stoop and pick it up for it was a lucky find;
And you'd never catch him passing good fortune

of that kind.
But it didn't bring him luck.

He'd never think of walking underneath a ladder.

He'd sooner to his bosom take a rattlesnake
or adder.

He always crossed his fingers when he met a red-
haired coon.

And carefully obeyed the signs of all phases of
the moon.
But he hadn't a bit of luck.

The Thoughtless Fool.

He does the most annoying things

And makes remarks outlandish;
You'd say, so much of woe he brings.

His nature is brigandish;
And yet, whene'er he's in the wrong.

He's always sure to rue it —
Then is the burden of his song:

"I didn't mean to do it."

That phrase absolves him from all blame

In his own estimation;
There's naught to say, should he disclaim

Intent of devastation.
He interferes with some one's plan.

Brings discord, mayhap, to it.
Then mildly pleads as such men can:

"I didn't mean to do It."

He pulls a curtain from the pole;

He breaks a window-shutter;
He harrows up some woman's soul

With words he should not utter.
He'll make a wreck of anything.

And, as he stops to view it.
Why, to that phrase he still will cling—

"I didn't mean to do it."

A broken vafie or statute*

Or feelings lacerated;
A business scheme that is upset,

A scandal great created —
All these and other ills profuse.

He holds, if you but knew It,
Are covered by that one excuse:

"I didn't mean to do it."

— Chicago Post.

"The Necessity For Women
Suffrage."

"We are convinced that the time has arrived
when the welfare of the nation would be most
effectually conserved by conferring upon women
the privilege of voting and holding political
ofljce."

Today we are satisfied that the intellectual
equipment of the average American woman is
quite equal to that of the medial man. Morally,
admitted, she is his superior, and therein lies the
basis of our conviction that as a matter, not of
right, but of policy, she should be taken into
full political partnership.

The three evils most menacing to the country

today are (1) debasement of moral standards in

politics and business, (2) absorption by a few, at

unwarranted cost to the man5O>Kthc^linin0B

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^Ob^^^

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

wealth, and (8) unreasonable and violent ex-
pression of resentment by the multitude. With
each of these perils the American woman is quite
as competent to cope as the American man.

That she would be less tolerant of moral de-
ficiency in a candidate for public office requires
no demonstration; that, as a careful householder
and ambitious mother constantly practising econo-
mics for the advancement of her children, she
^ould take an active part in restraining monopo-
lies from adding undue profits to the cost of gen-
eral living seems evident; that her keen personal
interest in the preservation and protection of
homes and property would inevitably constitute
her a conservative balance against the increasing
horde of foreign-bom voters may also, we submit,
be accepted as a certainty.

The time for the effective use of the once
sound objection that she would not exercise the
privilege we believe, b past. Until recently, the
necessity for woman's influence in politics has not
been apparent; it is now, and it will become in-
creasingly so during the next few years.

It is true, doubtless, that at the moment the
average woman is not adequately equipped with
information respecting public affairs; but may not
this be due chiefly to the absence of occasion for
its acquirement? Moreover, is it certain that she
is not even now as well qualified, at least, as the
average unit in the great mass of American
voters? And, at the very worst, would not her
mere instinct afford a guide wiser and safer than
the sordid motives which now actuate so great
a proportion of the electorate? — North American
Review,

After Christmas.

I'm glad that Christmus 's over,

Fer it's a mighty tryin' time
Fer th' feller who wants a dollar

An' can only get a dime.
An' then th' house is 'different —

I c'n go most ennywhere
Without my mother sayin',

"You mustn't go in there."

Mother's keepin' house again.

An' father's just himself.
There hain't no place that I can't look.

In closet or on shelf.
I feel that I'm a member

Of th' fambly once again
An' that my snoopin' round th' house

Hain't causin' enny pain.

I'm glad that Christmus 's over,
Fer I know what I have got.

I'm satisfied with all of it.

Although it hain't a lot.
Of course I'd like t' 've had a bike,

A pony an' a pup.
But I'm glad that mother's settlin' down

An' father's settlin' up.

— Thomas Holmes, in Trenton State Gasette.

Statement Of Claims.

Port Huron, Mich., Dec. 1, 1006.

Previously paid $245,140.17

Paid Since Last Report.

638 S. A. Cross, Denver, Col $ 500.00

634 Belle Lahey, DeSoto, Mo 600.00

635 D. W. Cramer, Newberry, Pa 600.00

686 F. J. Sullivan, Jersey City, N. J.. 600.00

637 Mary Fagan, Mauch Chunk, Ba.. 600.00

638 E. H. Cooke, Moose Jaw, N. W. T. 600.00
689 U. F. Collard, GaUon, Ohio 600.00

640 Jas. Conrad, Algiers, La 600.00

641 Wm. B. Harris, Logansport, Ind. . 600.00
648 Chas. Timms, Union Hall, N. J.. 500.00

643 J. D. Mills, Atchison, Kas 500.00

644 J. A. Nuner, Ft Scott, Kas 500.00

645 R. S. Patterson, Indianapolis, Ind. 600.00

646 Chas. Hibler, Saginaw, Mich 500.00

$252,140.17

Died Since Last Report.

May Sinckhammer, of Lodge No. 256, died
November 2, 1006.

Myrtia A. Russell, of Lodge No. 4, died Novem-
ber 2, 1006.

Nannie Booth, of Lodge No. 170, died Novem-
ber 2, 1006.

Laura Johnson, of Lodge No. 147, died Novem-
ber 6. 1006.

Mary Newton, of Lodge No. 157, died Novem-
ber 11, 1006.

Free L. Rector, of Lodge No. 71, died Novem-
ber 13, 1006.

Emeline Dawson, of Lodge No. 238, died Novem-
ber 10, 1006.

Maud Beattie, of Lodge No. 03, died October
14, 1006.

Mae Frey, of Lodge No. 334, died November
25. 1006.

Rena Davis, of Tx»dge No. 103, died October
20, 1006.

Amy a. Downikg,
G. S. and T.

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TRAIN RULES

KINDRED SUBdECTS

Send all inquiries to H. A. Dal by, Naagatack, Conn.

Movement Of Trains. — Continued.

(Old) Rule 91— A train which overtakes
a superior train or a train of the same
class, so disabled that it cannot proceed,
will pass it, if practicable, and if necessary
will assume the schedule and take the
train orders of the disabled train, proceed
to the next open telegraph office, and there

report to the . The disabled train

will assume the schedule and take the train
orders of the last train with which it has
exchanged, and will, when able, proceed to
and report from the next open telegrai^
o&ct.

(New) Rule 94.— A train which over-
takes anotner train so disabled that it can-
not proceed, will pass it, if practicable, and
if necessary will assume the schedule and
take the train orders of the disabled train,
proceed to the next open telegraph office,
and there report to the . The dis-
abled train will assume the right or schedule
and take the train orders of the last train
with which it has exchanged, and will,
when able, proceed to and report from the
next open tdegraph office.

When a train, unable to proceed against
the right or schedule of an opposing train^
is overtaken between telegraph stations by
an inferior train or a train of the same
class having right or schedule which per-
mits it to proved, the delayed train may,
after proper consultation with the follow-
ing train, precede it to the next telegraph

station, where it must report to .

When opposing trains are met under these
circumstances, it must be fully explained
to them hy die leading train ttiat the ex-
pected train is following.

The old form of this rule Is practically
repeated in the first part of tiie new, ^cept
that the new rule permits any tram to pass
another under the circumstances indicated,
while the old one limited the action to "a
train which overtakes a superior train or a
train of the same class.**

The rule is mtended to be of assistance
m the case of a train being delayed at a
blind siding. It is not intended to be used
if arrangements for movmg the trains can

be made by the dispatcher. If the wires
were in trouble and serious delays could be
avoided by taking advantage of the rule
it would be perfe^y proper to do so.

There may be some question as to just
what is meant by the words, *'so disabled
that it cannot proceed." Originally it was
intended to provide for the case of a break
in machinery, a derailment or something of
that character, but if a train is held by hot
boxes, loading or unloading stock, or pos-
sibly for a connection from a brandi une^
It is just as truly delayed as though its
engines were on the ground. The rule may
therefore be construed to cover all such
cases as its object is to assist trains when
beyond the reach of the dispatcher.

The rule says that the overtaking train
will pass the other, "if practicable," which
means if the disabled train is in such posi-
tion as to allow it to pass. If the over-
taking train can proceed with the privileges
it already holds it may go ahead without
further assistance from this rule, but if
necessary it "will assume the schedule and
take the train orders of the disabled
train." If the delayed train is an extra, of
course there will be no schedule for the
other to assume, but it would take a/7 its
train orders and would by that means
change its identity, becoming the extra
of the same number, even though it does
not have the engine of that number. Sup-
pose it is extra 234 that is delayed. Extra
678 overtakes it and it becomes necessary
to take advantage of this rule. The de-
layed train gives all its orders to the other
and the latter thereby becomes, according
to the rule, "Extra 234," although it is
pulled by engine 678. If the overtaking
train were a regular train and need the
orders of extra 234 in order to proceed,
the case would be the same and it would
become "Extra 234" for the time being
and until it couU reach a point where it
could obtain orders from the dispatcher.

The next instruction is that the passing
train will "proceed to the next open tele-
graph office and there report to the ."

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

This blank is to be filled in by each road
according to whichever officer is in charge
of the movement of trains, usually the one
whose name is signed to train orders. This
varies on different roads, it being the train
dispatcher, chief dispatcher, trainmaster or
superintendent, as the case may be. This
report should be Qiade by message from
the (inductor, explaining what he did, why
he did it, what is the cause of the delay to
the other train and about how long (if pos-
sible to tell) it will be delayed. Conduc-
tors should remember that this information
is of the highest importance to the dispatch-
er, as he may have a half dozen trains
whose movements depend on the one which
is disabled. After reporting at the first
open tdegraph office it is the duty of the
dispatcher to make the necessary arrange-
ments for their further movement.

According to the rule the act of over-
taking and passing may be repeated by an-
other train, if necessary, in the same way.
It must be remembered that in every case
the train which is disabled assumes the
identity of the one to which it gives its or-
ders and the one passing takes the identity
of the one that is delayed. The delayed
train, therefore, is known by the name of
the last train with which it exchanged. If
it were an extra it becomes the extra of
that number, even though it does not have
the engine to correspond with that name.

Then the rule savs that ''the disabled
train will assume the schedule and take
the train orders," (according to the old
rale), or *'asstmie the right or schedule"
(according to the new rule) "of the last
train with which it has exchanged, and
will, when able, proceed to and report from
the next open telegraph office." The con-
ductor should there report his arrival
by message, giving the identity of the train
as it was since the exchange of train orders.
The dispatcher will then give him orders to
proceed.

It should be remembered that a train
which changes its identity according to this
rale cannot proceed after reporting at the
first open telegraph office without a run-
ning order; that is, an order telling what
train it shall be. The rule gives it au-
thority tmder these circumstances to assume
the identity of another train and run to the
next open telegraph office, but there its
authority to nm ceases. It must have an-
other order before it can proceed.

It has been asked whedier, if the over-
taking train can proceed by taking only one
or two orders from the one disabled, if it
may take only such as it needs. The rule
seems to answer that all orders in the
possession of each train must be exchanged.
The identity of the train is changed, and
it must have all orders addressed to the
train of iht name or number it assumes. A
particular reason for this will be shown

later. After reporting at the first open
telegraph office, therefore, it must receive
not only a new running order, but a com-
plete set of new orders as though it were
just starting out

This rule is one that will permit of con-
siderable'elasticity. It is meant to provide
for emergencies, and emergoicies always
call for a display of good judgment on
the part of the men who handle the trains.
The spirit of the rule must be regarded as
well as the requirements which are actually
stated.

It has been shown that the word ''dis-
abled*' in the first part of the rule may have
a wider meaning than is at first suggested.
When an exchange of orders is made there
should be a careful consideration between
the men on the two trains as to the prob-
able time when the delayed train can be
ready to move. If it is an important train
and it is thought that it can be ready in a
short time it may be well to send a flag-
man on the passing train to hold others at
the next station until the disabled train ar-
rives, providing, of course, such assist-
ance is necessary. If the delay promises to
be a long one and it is known that an im-
portant train in the opposite direction will
be delayed thereby, arrangements should be
made for the latter to move as soon as the
passing train will permit it to proceed.

An arrangement of this kind can be best
effected by the conductor of the disabled
train going with the one which passes it
to personally notify the one in the opposite
direction that his train will await their ar-
rival at the point of delay. Such matters
should receive careful attention, and^ in
many cases conductors and enginemen
can arrange matters between themselves so
that important trains can be kept moving
even though they are beyond the reach of
the dispatcher.

The rule prescribes that the train which
passes the other will "proceed to the next
open telegraph office." This instruction
should be carried out according to the
spirit and intention of the rule and not be
accepted too literally if circumstances war-
rant The next open telegraph office may
be 30 miles away, while an operator may
be at the next station, though not on duty.
Circumstances might justify calling him
to report the arrival of the train. The con-
dition being known to the conductor and
engineman they should decide whether this
would be necessary. If other trains were
expected in the opposite direction it would
be well to communicate with the dispatcher
at the first opportunity. Should it be found
that the wires were in trouble and the situ-
ation were such that the train could con-
tinue to the next station, that would be the
best thing. Conditions should determine
the proper course to pursue.

Although the rule <Ioe8#J>^by05&Q!e

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

tram passing another undor this rule and
thereby changing its identity should use ex-
treme care to notify every train it may
meet or overtake, and which may be af-
fected, as to the action which has been
taken. Care should be taken not to over-
look any such trains in case they may be
at gravel pits or other places not readily
seen from the main line.

These cases, are of course exceptional,
and they are liable to cause peculiar situa-
tions which must te handled wisely 6y the
men who are in charge. The matter of
change of identity, especially with extras,
might lead to confusion unless fully ex-
placed by those who understand it. If
necessary for a train to register while under
such changed identity, the greatest care
should be used to make the matter plain.
It might even be advisable for the dispatch-
er to issue a train order explaining the sit-
nation to other trains. This, however, would
be an extreme case. In a general way it
may be said that as these are occasions out
of the ordinary they call for the greatest
care on the part of those concerned in or-
der to prevent any possible misunderstand-
ing.

We fee! warranted in giving this advice :
Do not exchange orders if it can be avoid-
ed. If the following train can simply pass
and run ahead of the other, that is best
An exchange of orders will not be neces-
sary unless the delayed train has right to
proceed and the other has not An ex-
change of orders means an exchange of
identity, and that means a possibility of
misimderstanding which it is well to avoid
if possible.

There are times when men can facilitate
the movement of trains by the exercise of
good judgment when left to their own re-
sources. In a case such as we are consider-
ing, should the delayed train be of p^eater
importance than the one overtaking it, per-
haps bv taking the engine from the other
train it could proceed, in which case the
change would be the proper thing. Men
should be encouraged in acting on their own
j advent in cases where the movement of
an miportant train may thus be facilitated.

We now come to the second paragraph of
new Rule 04 which makes a provision not
previously in the Standard Code, although
it has been in effect on a number of roads
and has proved its usefulness on many oc-
casions. Like the first part of the rule, it is
intended to assist a train when it cannot
be reached by train orders and is over-
taken by another train which has right or
schedule to proceed. It is plain that under
such drcnmstances it would be foolish for
the leading tram to stay there while an-
other train behind it had right to proceed.

Note that in taking advantage of this part
of the rule there is no exchange of orders.
only an agreement and an understanding

between the men on the two trains as to
the right to proceed. On this subject there
have been some questions asked, although
we think it is not difficult to understand.
The only thing to decide is whether the
overtaking train has the authority to pro-
ceed. If it has it may take the other ahead
of it In the case of one section overtak-
ing another, of course, the overtaking sec-
tion could not take the other ahead of it if
the delayed section had orders which held
the following section as well as itself. If
No. 33 had an order to meet 1st No. 32 at
B (32 being superior) and 2d 32 overtook
the 1st at B before No. 33 arrived, it is
plain that 2d 32 could not give the 1st any
authority to pass the meeting point for the
reason that an order to meet 1st 32 holds
the 2d also. But, on the other hand, sup-
pose No. 33 has an order to meet No. 32 at
B and while No. 32 is waiting at the meet-
ing pouit No. 34 comes along behind it
34 is superior to 33 and is now overdue at
B, so that No. 33 having no help on 34,
it cannot make that station for it The men
on 32 and 34 consult with each other and
find that the latter train has a schedule per-
mitting it to proceed. Under new Rule
94 No. 32 may precede No. 34 and both
may proceed. No. 32 may proceed by rea-
son of No. 34's schedule until No. 33 is met,
or until orders may be obtained from the
dispatcher. Readers of the Journal will
recognize this feature of the operation of
Rule 94 in which the much discussed ques-
tion which began with Question 102 in the
March number wherein 2d No. 1 was
griven right over No. 2 A to G and over-
took the 1st section at F, a blind siding.
We maintained that No. 2 could not leave
G tmtil the arrival of 2d No. 1, although a
few have expressed the opinion that No. 2
could proceed from G because it had sched-
ule right over the 1st

Note carefully the last sentence in the
rule which requires that the leading train
must notify opposing trains which it may
meet of the action taken and call atten-
tion to the fact that the other train is fol-
lowing on its own right or schedule^ The
same care should be exercised in this case
as when a train changes its identity under
the first part of the rule, proceeding ahead
of the disabled train. These are unusual
cases and every precaution should be taken
by those who understand the situation to
make it plain to those who do not. Some
have asserted that the second part of new
Rule 94 is not a safe or a practicable rule,
but it has been used for years on a num-
ber of roads and we have known of no
instance where any trouble followed its use.
If it can be shown that the rule is not a
good one we shall be glad to hear criticisms
from any, and should any further informa-
tion develop along this line we shall en-
deavor to give our readers the benefit of it

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

1.— What is the general character of new
Rule 94 as compared with the old? 2. —
What is the main point of difference be-
tween the old rule and the first part of the
new? 3.— What is the primary intention
of the rule? 4. — Should it be used by
trainmen if there is communication with
the dispatcher? 5. — Suppose trains are de-
layed at a telegraph station but the wires
are in trouble, may the rule be used? 6. —
What is meant by "so disabled that it can-
not proceed?" 7. — What is meant by **if
practicable?" 8.— Under what circum-
stances is it proper to exchange orders and
when is it proper? 9. — When an excfiange
is made must it include all orders, and
why? 10.— When the overtaking train
reaches the first telegraph oflBce, what is the
conductor required to do? 11. — ^Maj[ more
than one train pass the one which is dis-
abled? 12. —How is the delayed train
thus affected? 13.— When the overtaking
train arrives at the first telegraph office
what kind of an order must it have before
proceeding? 14. — ^How may the words,
"the next open telegraph office," be con-
strued ? 15. — ^From die time of passing the
delayed train until arrival at the next tde-
graph office what should be the special care
of iht overtaking train? 16.— What is pro-
vided for in the second part of the new rule
94? 17. — Is this rule or a similar one in
use on your road ? 18. — If so, has it proven
a useful rule, and have there ever been
any serious questions as to its use?

WHEN HAS A TRAIN PASSED A STATION?

West

Main Line

East

Extra 1948 east had an order to run from
A to G with right over all trains. They also
had an order to meet Extra 303 west at F,
Extra 303 to take the sidmg. It was early
in the evening and the operator at C was
in the office though not on duty. He noticed
that Extra 1943 had broken in two and
notified the dispatcher, who stopped the
train at D to notify the crew in case they
had not already discovered it. The con-
ductor asked the dispatcher if he should
take his head end to F and was answered
by a message instructing, him to do this,
and, as he was to meet Extra 303 there, to
arrange to bring it to D with him. The
conductor instructed his men accordingly,

and he himself remained at D. The engine
went to F with the head end and as Extra
803 west was not there the engine returned
to D, leaving a man to carry out the in-
structions relative to Extra 303 proceeding
to D. An important fact right here is that
engine 1943 left the cars standing on the
main track at F, the conductor and engine-
man explaining afterward that as they had
right over all trains and as Extra 303 was
to take siding at F they considered this
action proper. Engine 1943 backed to D,
picked up the conductor and continued to
back until they found their rear end be-
tween C. and B.

While they were doing this the dispatcher
sent an order to Extra 1943 east at D and
engine 231 at G, giving Extra 231 west
right over Extra 1943 east from G to D.
The order was completed and delivered to
Extra 2:31 at G, but engine 1943 was still
west of D, not having returned with its rear
end. Extra 231 west proceeded and col-
lided with the cars standing on the main
track at F. When engine 1943 arrived at
D the conductor and engineman refused to
sign the order, as of course they would,
knowing the location of the cars set out by
them at F. But it was then too late. Ex-
tra 231 had left G and collided at full
speed with the cars.

Then came the investigations. The con-
ductor and engineman of Extra 1943
claimed that as they had right over all
trams they had exclusive right to the main
track and could leave their cars there if
they wished; that their train had made the
run as far as F and for proof of this state-
ment pointed to the fact that they had met
Extra 303 west at that point in compliance
with their train orders. They were asked
why they did not protect the cars by a
flagman and they replied that there was
nothing to flag; that if a flagman . was
necessary in that case it would have been
necessar>' to send a flagman ahead of the
train all the way from A to G.

Our opinion has been asked in regard to
the responsibility for the collision. From
(the description nt would seem that tlie
crew of Extra 1943 were not justified in
leaving their cars on the main track at F.
Their defense was that they had run as
far as F and therefore the dispatcher had
no right to assume that they could be held
at any station between A and F.

What is a train? "An engine, or more
than one en^'ne coupled, with or without
cars, displaying markers." So says the
Standard Code definition of the words.
This can mean but one thing, so we be-
lieve, and that is that a train extends from
the engine to the markers. We are sure of
one thing; Extra 1943 had not arrived at F
for the reason that its markers had not ar-
rived there. We are equally sure of an-
other statement! Extra 1943 and-^xU^SOS

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

had not met at F for the reason that two
trains cannot meet until all of both trains
are there, and a part of Extra 194^ was
west of B. Therefore they did not in
reality meet at F. Under protection of a
flag and by reason of an agreement between
Extra 1943 and Extra 303 the latter train
passed the meeting point named in their
order, but, it was only on account of this
arrangement. It was not a strict fulfilment
of their orders. Therefore Extra 1943 had
not, according to rules, met Extra 303 at F
and their statement to that effect did not
prove that their train had run as far as F.
Now for the question whether the dis-
patcher could rulably send an order to
Extra 1943 after the engine (though not
the caboose) had passed D and come back
again, being west of D when the order
was sent. The common practice is, and
we believe it is supported by the rules, that
a dispatcher may send an order to a train
if it is in such a position that it may be
held by the train order signal. Instructions
to operators are very explicit on this point,
and state that if the engine is beyond the
signal the order must not be accepted until
there is satisfactory evidence that the en-
gineman understands that he is to be held.'
Our understanding is that if the engme
passes the signal and comes back so that it
must again pass it before leaving the sta-
tion, the operator would be justified in ac-
cepting an order for the train. In this case,
aldiough the engine had passed D and gone
with part of its train to F it had come back
and was at that time west of D, possibly
at C or B. Probably there is no disi>atcher
who would hesitate under these circum-
stances to send an order to D for Extra
1943 just as that one did and there is no
c^)erator who would refuse to accept the
order.

In the Judgment of the writer, the dis-
patcher and the operator were justified in
their action but the train crew were not

MEETING POINTS ON THE CANADIAN PACIFIC.

C. P. C at Toronto Junction writes in
reference to the letter from R. T. S. on
page 996 of the November Journal. This
is on the subject of a signal between the
conductor and engineman of a train on ap-
proaditng a station where the train is to be
restricted cither by schedule or train or-
der, the intention being to make sure that
both remember about it He says their
Rule 96 (e) provides for such a signal,
and is as follows:

The conductor of every train except pas-
senger trains, must, one mile from every
station at which the train is not required to
stop, give proceed signal to the engineer,
w\m must, if he does not receive such sig-
nal, approach the siding cautiously and stop
dear of the switch that an opposing train
woold use in taking the siding.

Evidently this rule is for the ptirpose of
requiring the conductor and engineman of a
freight train to have an understanding that
all is well with the train and that there are
no orders or other reasons for its stopping
at the station, else it must be stopped and
the trouble, if any, ascertained. With or-
dinar>' care this nile should operate to re-
mind them, or at least one of them, of
any reason why the train should stop.

The rule applies to all trains except pas-
senger, and for them there are instructions
bsued in Circular No. 8, which is as follows :

The conductor of every passenger train
must, one mile from every station, at which
it is to meet a train superior to it by class
or direction or by train order, pve com-
municating signal 16 (e), receive steam
whistle signal 14 (d), and the engineman
will immediately make running test of brake
in compliance with Air Brake Rule No. 4A.

This seems to cover the case exactly and
provides for the conductor and engineman
of every train communicating with each
other in reference to meeting points and to
orders which may restrict their movement
Presumably these instructions by circular
apply to all parts of the system, which of
course, is true in the case of the book of
rules, and C. P. C. thinks there must be
men on the road who are not thoroughly
familiar with its regulations. Perhaps
freight train men are not so particular
about keeping posted on the rules govern-
ing pasenger trains, but they should be, as
there is no telling when one may be called
up<m to serve on a passenger train without
notice or preparation. It is a good idea to be
prepared for assuming other duties, even
though there may not seem to be any im-
mediate need for it Man^ a man has fallen
heir to a much better position by being able
to take it, whereas it would have been lost
had he only considered it necessary to have
a knowledge of his every day duties.

questions.

146.— "Extra 17, a ballast train, is handling
ballast between Hudson and North Maine
Junction. North Maine Junction is south
of Hudson. When their train is loaded
they find that they cannot get out of Hud-
son for No. 149, north-bound. They ask
for orders and receive the following :'No.
149 will run one hour late from North
Maine Jimction to North Bangor.' North
Bangor is the second station south of Hud-
son. Now, Extra 17 cannot make North
Bangor and clear the schedule time of No.
149, but it can go all the way to North
Maine Junction and clear them, on the or-
der. Would Extra 17 have right to run
from Hudson to North Bangor on this or-
der?"—O. A. S.

Answer.— No, it would not There are
no restrictions on No. 149 anywhere except
between the points named /at the
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The dispatcher could, so far as the order
is concerned, start a tram on schedule No.
149 from North Bangor and run it on time.

147. — "1 am on an extra rumiing from
A to H, west-bomid. An east-bound pas-
senger train runs from H to D. My extra ar-
rives at D and we cannot make any fur-
ther for the east-bound passenger train.
That train is late and we are overtaken by
a west-bound passenger train which has
right over the east-bound train. Our train
is on the main track and we cannot get out
of the way without going to the next sid-
ing. Can I take the time-table rights of
the train behind me and go to the next
siding (as it is the only place I can get out
of the way) or should I stay there and hold
that first-class train behind me? It has
right of track over the east-bound first-class
train. I cannot get any orders and am
on the main track. I claim I should take
the time-table rights and get out of the
way as it will delay both the other trains
if I do not. Please explain whether I
should wait imtil that train comes behind
me, in case it should be late, or if I could
take its time-table time when it came due
and proceed."— D. B. A.

Answer. — If wc understand the ques-
tion correctly there is no siding at D, or at
least on this occasion the extra cannot clear
the main track, in which case it could do
nothing else than go to the next siding
even if it had to protect itself by sending
a fiagman ahead. It could not assume the
schedule rights of the first-class train in the
same direction until that train had arrived
for the reason that the train may hold
orders which the extra could know nothing
about. If the train overtook the extra, how-
ever, it could take the extra with it on its
own schedule to the next siding.

If the extra knew before reaching D that
there was no way for it to clear the main
track at that station it should have fig-
ured on making the next siding where it
could clear. Nothing but unforseen cir-
cumstances should excuse them for being
there at that time.

14^. — "No. 1 runs from A to C, leaving A
at 8 a. m. New time-table takes effect at 10
a. m., showing No. 1 due to start at 11 a. m.,
and running from A to D. Can No. 1 run
through to D if it left A on time?"— B. B.

Ansv.'er. — According to the present edi-
tion of the Standard Code the schedule of
No. 1 on the day of change would be an-
nulled at 11 a. m. In other words, the train
which is running on the schedule of that
day cannot assume the schedule of the same
number on the new time-table for the rea-
son that the terminal station is C on the old
and D on the new. The new Rule 4 pro-
vides for the train of the old time-table to
assume the schedule of the new only when
the schedules correspond in ^number, class,
day of leaving, direction, and initial and

terminal stations." Therefore, if No. 1 is
on the road the schedule of that day be-
comes anulled when the change takes place,
and the train can only proceed by train or-
der. If it has not yet left A, no train can
start on the new time-table that day.

If you are still working under the old
Standard Code rule, in which the only pro-
vision is that "a train of the preceding time-
table shall retain its train orders and take
the schedule of the train of the same num-
ber on the new time table," we should say
that if the train were on the road or had
not left A it could assume the new schedule
and run through to D. This answer is
based on the assumption that on the old
time-table it was due to arrive at C after
11 a. in., so that it would be impossible for
it to have completed its run before the new
time-table took effect and would of neces-
sity assume the new, whether on tlic road
or whether it had not left A.

It should be remembered that the old Stan-
dard Code Rule 4 is very indefinite under
some circumstances and the above answer
might not always apply. For instance, if
on the old time-table No. 1 were due to ar-
rive at C at 10:55 a. m., and had arrived
on time there would be no train on the road
to assume the new schedule. If it were late
and were at B, for instance, the rule would
clearly authorize it to take the new schedule
and, having assumed it, the schedule would
authorize the train to run through to D.
But a train in the opposite direction, if it
were at D, would not know whether a train
of the old time-table would assume the new
schedule or not, so it is plain that it should
take the safe side and assume that the new
schedule is in effect all the way to D.

In revising the Standard Code one object
was to make clear the points that were
obscure, and a case like this, if No. 1 were
due on the old time-table to arrive at C be-
fore 11 a. m., is one of the things it has
remedied. Many situations could be men-
tioned in which the old rule does not pre-
scribe definitely the action to be taken by
all trains concerned, but the new form
makes all points quite clear.

149. — "The following order was issued:
'Engine 2179 will work 6 a. m. until 7 p. m.
between Sacramento and Roseville, protect-
ing themselves, and will meet extra 2670
at Walerga.' I am on extra 2679. Have I
a right or not, to go after 7 p. m., not find-
ing them there?"— B. B.

Answer. — We have many times protested
against such orders being given unless it
is known positively that the trains will meet,
or that the meeting order can be annulled.
A meet order means but one thing, and that
is, meet, and the only way trains can meet
is to be at the same place at the same time.
If the extra arrives at Waler^^ and does
not find the work extra, our opmion is that,

according to the rule, it should wait for it. >

Digitized. -

Th«re la no fre« Hat.

Send all romlttanoM for sabscrlptioiu to tho Grand Sooretarj and Traaaorer. S«« Section 80 Oonatltatlon, Grand
Lodca.

Lattart for this dapartment must ba wrtltan on ona alda of papar only, wrlttan with Ink and mnat ba at thaofBoa
not latar than tha 12th of tha month to Insnra Inaartlon In tha onrrant nombar.

All changM of addraaa, oommnnioationa pertaining to tha Journal, ato., ahould ba aant to tha Editor. Do not aand
rasolnttona.

Whan tha Journal doaa not reach 70U. Immadlataly Sive na jour name, oorraot addraaa and the number of your
Lodge.

To Our Journal AcfCntS* ^ interesting, educational and to set tlie purposes

__ of this Brotherhood squarely before every reader.

We take this opportunity to thank all of our I*» ^^st purpose is to represent the Brotherhood

good friends who have assisted us to place the ^f Railroad Trainmen, but it also does not neglect

Journal in the hands of about 8,000 persons who matters that are of interest to those who are not

are not members of the Brotherhood. This num- nicnibers of the Brotherhood,

ber represents the subscribers outside of this or- Subscribing for it is a business proposition, just

ganization to which the 87.000 members added, »« ^"yJ^^K anything else is. It is not a question

gives us a circulation of 96,000 Journals for ©^ charity— we can worry along without the

this issue. money if wc have to, — but we want the reading

We know that if our brothers would take the P""'' •" •"'' thU JouaNAU We want everybody

interest in securing subscribers they should that *° ''"'"' *"« » labor organuation thinks »r.ght,

... ... ... . * 1^ . .u OR ft An o*" wrong, and we ask each member of this Broth-

our outside list ought to have not less than 25,000 . . * , , ... ...

names. If each Jou.nai. Agent would send us "^~«*. ? '''•«^ « P""*'' ">««C"bcr and get h.s

but five names a month we would have close to ^"b""?''"" f<" ««• »» ""t P-t .t all on the

50,000 outside subscribers before the end of 1907. J'"""'*'- .^8*"*. '"k* ■« "P y»"'«>f «"<» ''»>•»

There are a number of places where it would ^"' »" f °« '<" .""^ ""« *'" ^ "orth.wh.e.

be impossible to secure this monthly number, but Let everybody get in on th.s. Read the pr«e l.st

there are plenty of other places where it could be '" *''* »'»v*rt.s.ng pages where reward watts for

, ^,. - . ^t. every man, or woman, who wants it.

made tifty names for each month. ^ ' '

If our brothers only knew the good that has

been done to our Organization and the assistance Roanoke, Vs*

the Journal has been in explaining the fair side

of the labor question, they would understand the Old Virginia Lodge No. 492 has had a good

necessity for placing the Journal everwhere. nap from the Journal point of view. But so far

There is no opportunity for the person outside of as the lodge is concerned we are wide awake, and

a labor organization ever to know the truth con* I am glad to say that so far this year it has been

ceming the labor movement. All he hears, or the banner year in its history. It has made a

reads, is what is published by the friends of the splendid gain in membership. To make a long

employers and his interest all goes with his under- story short, the lodge is in better shape, both

standing. financially and numerically than ever before. She

It is rather difficult to get the average man in- has had a splendid set of officers for several

terested in economics. In the first place such years, wide awake and always ready to give her

reading requires analysis, if it is to be understood, a push whenever needed.

and many readers are too lazy to follow up any- I was sorry to hear some of the old wheel

thing but "the fortunes of the heroine.*' In the horses decline re-election when nominations came

next place there are very few persons who will up last meeting night. But we have a splendid

admit, even to themselves, that there is anything set of boys here and I am sure they will make

in economics with which they are not thoroughly no mistake in selecting their leaders for the next

familiar. That they are not, never occurs to them term. I am glad to see how the Organization has

until they are asked to explain something, when grown during the last few years. I note our

they are up against it, but generally manage to Grand Secretary and Treasurer reports 86,000

wiggle out some way. members on November 1st. I am glad to see

The Journal tries to be plain, straightforward this numerical gain since our last convention,

and fair in all of its expressions. Its aim is to Let's all get our shoulders to thaf^hceLand see

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62 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

if we cannot roll up 100,000 by Mty Ist, 1007, could not read, and knew little of what was go-
when we go to Atlanta. I feel sure. Old Virginia ing on, but this is now a reading nation, and, by
Lodge No. 402 will do her part, although we the way, this is the first generation that has
have very little timber uncut, but the under- been able in the widest sense to read, and now
growth is coming up right fast and we believe in that we can both read and think, the people will
keeping the premises clear. insist on the passing of every bit of popular leg-
Should this come to any who do not attend wlation that can add to the national health,
their lodge meetings I must tell them they are ^alth and happiness. The Fiftyninth Congress
very derelict in their duty, besides they have no has made a good start, and we shaU look to its
idea what they miss. With best wishes to all, successors for equally good work. The people
I dose. O. C. Cash, *^ taking less and less interest in parties. What
Financier No. 402. ^^^ people want is God-fearing, patriotic men,
who understand our needs and who desire con-
scientiously to strive and work for the good of
Railways Of The World. the nation at Urge. May we have the good luck

to get a man in the White House like the one

Ninety years ago there wasn't the sound of a we now have, who is not afraid to practice what

real locomotive whistle on this big round earth, be preaches. We are reading and thinking, and

and today there are on its surface 684«000 miles we are not to be led by the nose deceived by

of railway, 211,074 of which are in the United party shibboleths and political machines. The

States. This is 21,867 miles more than are in national welfare and those who will work for it,

Europe, Russia, Germany, France, India, Austria- is the slogan of the thoughtful American today.

Hungary, the United Kingdom and Canada com- Alfssd S. Lunt,

bined; or 112,200 more miles than have all the Lodge No. 456.

other Anglo-Saxon countries of the world. In

the railroad business your Uncle Sam is the boss.

The growth of railways in this country has been DoeS It Pay?

one of the world's modem wonders. In 1886 we —

had only a thousand miles. By 1850 we had nine The question is, does it pay to be thoroughly
thousand. In 1860 we had 80,000 miles. Then organized? My answer is yes. I have reviewed
came the great Civil war, and we only built five several of the Eastern railroad system recently,
thousand miles up to 1865. We doubled that in and I found where the men were thoroughly or-
the next ten years and went to 70,000. The next gantzed the wage rate was much higher and the
ten years we went to 128,000« and in 1005 we conditions much better. In the East we have
showed up with 217,828 miles, and it is still three systems where the men are thoroughly or-
growing. We have such vast reaches of country ganized, namely, the Pennsylvania, the N. Y.,
where railway building is possible and so much N. H. & H. and the Boston & Maine. In com-
territory that is capable of development where paring the conditions of the above named roads
the transportation facilities are provided that the with neighboring roads I find a vast difference,
growth will hardly be checked during the life which is sufficient proof that it pays to be well
time of any of us, though the time must come organized. I consider on account of the changes
when there will be no urgent necessity for roads, that are constantly occurring in the conditions of
Then the work will go on in the improvement of railroad work that it is as indispensable to be or-
what is yet in a very crude condition, as com- ganized as it is to be employed. In reviewing
pared with what the highest railway development some of the systems I found something existing
is. The freight carried by the roads in 1905 was which surprised me very much. I noticed men
487 million tons, and the passengers 720 mil- working side by side performing the same service,
lions, nearly two million of people a day riding hut employed by different companies, where a
on trains. And yet there are plenty of native difference of fifty cents existed, and the men
Americans who never saw a locomotive, and they employed by the well organized road were re-
are not blind people, either. We trust that ceiving the maximum rate. In this letter I will
shortly Congress will take up the subject of pro- eliminate the poorly organized systems with one
tecting railroad passengers. The loss of life upon exception, as I believe the road to be the least
our railroads is appalling, and the conditions ex- organized on this continent. I refer to the
isting will not improve until there is a Federal Grand Trunk. And for a large system I
department to investigate every accident, which was amazed at the conditions that existed,
the companies should be forced to report, so that and also the wage rate in particular was
the cause of such accidents may be determined surprising. It looked to me as if it were trying
and the blame placed where it belongs, and steps to emulate the slavery rule. Why are the men
taken to prevent the recurrence of similar acci- so poorly organized on this system? I asked of
dents in the future. The Board of Trade, a gov- a member of the B. of R. T., after searching an
emment body/ does the work in Great Britain, hour for one. He was imable to explain. I in-
and though accidents occasionally occur there, quired how long he had been a member. He re-
these government investigations have reduced the plied that he had been a member four years, and
loss of life to a minimum, and a similar depart- during that time he had never assisted to in-
ment here would work the same happy results crease the membership, as he had never been re-
and save thousands of lives yearly that are now quested, and did not think it was his business,
recklessly wasted. Once upon a time people I asked if he was a regular attendvnt at mett«

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 63

ings. He informed me that he had not attended road sjratema. Proof for this U the absorption
a meeting for the past eighteen months, notwith- of the Central Vermont, the Canada Atlantic and
standing that he was living within a half mile of Vermont and Province Line, and also the con-
the lodge room. I was satisfied that my first truction of another large system known as the
question was answered. Grand Trunk Pacific Wake up, brothers, in-
Yon who are employed on this system, if you crease your membership. You are behind the
wish to ameliorate your conditions and increase times. Fraternally yours*
your wage rate, you must first augment your Mbmbsr of No. 88.

membership, and allow me to say» that, as mem-

bers of this organization we are all organizers. ^, . y^ n o. n/r

There are no restrictions whatever in acting as rermanent Chairman UO 15. (2 M.

such. I will say there is no necessity for receiv- System,

ing special dispensation from our Grand Lodge

to act as organizer, or is there any danger of be- '^^^ question of permanent chairman on the

ing expelled from the Brotherhood for making B. & M. system was recently voted on, and the

efforts to increase our membership, as it is not writer has very good reasons for believing that

considered an offense. The constitution does not ^t is unpossible to judge by the results whether

forbid us to increase our membership. I will or not the members are in favor of the proposi'

say to you, brothers, who have not attended tion.

meetings for eighteen months, that it is perfectly It is very evident that the question so far as

safe for you to enroll all the men you can, the vote of the membership is concerned was al*

provided they are the right materiaL Make an lowed to go by default, as a great number of our

intelligent, well directed effort along this line, members did not manifest enough interest to cast

display some energy, you may possibly be con- & vote on so paramount a question, apparently

fronted by adversity, but this should be ex- for no other reason than that they did not con-

pected, and when confronted in this way over- sider it seriously as being essential to their own

look it and have patience and I am positive you best welfare to cast a vote either one way or

will be very successful. Indomitable coiirage is the other.

essentially necessary to gain your point A great many of our members were also con-
In acting as organizer you must be persistent fused on the correct status of the question, many
and determined; this is important in order to be appreciating the fact that we were voting on
successful. Very recently I received a communi- whether or not to create the position, while
cation from our Grand Lodge requesting me to many had their idols in view and were looking
assist in increasing our membership. I complied for their name on the ballot. In some instances
with this request at once. I selected your system a lodge instead of trying to poll an individual
for the field, and to say the least I was very vote, would take a vote of the lodge in session,
successful. I am willing to admit that it re- and then perhaps not forward it because the vote
quired persistence and determination, but I was negative; (never mind the legal features)
gained my point in every instance, and my visit everything considered it is very evident that the
culminated in a successful manner. members in general did not give the question
Before we were members of this organization sufficient study to acquaint themselves with the
our knowledge of the principles of the Brother- essential details of the proposition, at least as
hood was lacking. We did not understand the far as our constitution and general rules are
many benefits to be derived, and it required concerned.

special efforts; it required continuous hard labor The question has taken its initiative and the

on the part of some brother to enroll us, and we writer believes that it will come up again (good

are willing to admit this. Now that we are mem- things always do). Everyone of our 8,300 or

bers, we feel greatly obliged to those brothers, more assessable members should give the question

We feel that they did us a great favor. Are we such consideration and study as would enable

not willing to do for others what was done for him to judge intelligently on the relative merits

us? Are we not willing to work hard to enroll of the question, at least to that extent as would

those men who are no different than we were? admit of him recognizing on the moment a nega-

I say be mutual and consbtent. Each and every tive argument based absolutely on a misappre-

brother on this system should make it a definite hension of facts, and perhaps in a degree detri-

task to keep this matter alive, and put your mental to the organization.

membership on a par with other railroad sys- The personality of a member eligible to the

terns. Let us not forget that we were hard to position does not enter into the merits of the

enroll and at times very absurd in our excuses, question, the question at issue should be the

when requested to join the organization. We creation of the position; is it or is it not essen-

were all slow in grasping the correct idea. The tial to the best welfare of the organization on

same is true of others. I understand the aggre- the system?

gate number of train and yardmen employed on It is to be regretted that some of our mem-

the G. T. R. Eastern districts is approximately bers are of the opinion that no one man should

twenty-eight hundred and the number of B. R. be trusted in the position referred to; the writer

T. members la too smalL is of the opinion that this is a rather narrow

The (xrand Trunk is considered to be in a very view, and conflicts obviously with the principles

prosperous condition. I believe the earnings of taught by the organization. The views held to

this company are in excess of many other rail- the effiect that no one man can be> trusted in a

Digitized by VjOOQIC

54 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

position of this kind are extremely shallow by operating since said date; that while generally
virtue of the fact that if a man cannot be trusted this increased per centum of air has not incon-
permanently in a position of this kind to adjust venienced said railway company, but at the prcs-
such matters as would be put up to him, then be ent time, which is about the busiest season of the
cannot be trusted on similar matters periodically; year, about 10 or 15 per cent of the 3,200 non-
just such lack of confidence in one another is air brake cars are idle, the cause assigned being
what retards our progress. the fact that foreign roads have refused to ac-

Any member can learn for himself whether or cept freight in non-air brake cars, although hav-
not the cost would be so much more as to savor ing heretofore received freight in such cars,
of extravagance by looking up the average cost The testimony further evidences the fact that
per year since our first agreement with the said non-air brake cars have been in service from
company took effect; also if the average number 10 to 15 years; that the average life of such
of days per year put in by General Chairman is character of cars is from 12 to 15 years,
sufficient to warrant keeping him busy if em- The Commission has duly considered the de-
ployed permanently. privation of the income to said railway, should

Consider the question earnestly, brothers, and such non-air brake cars be put out of commis*

when it comes up again, as it surely will, mani- sion, also the public necessity for the transporta*

fest enough interest to vote either one way or tion and delivery of the additional traffic such

the other, and not let a question of such ira- cars might carry; and last, but not least, the

portance go by default. Commission should and has well considered the

Fraternally yours, lives and limbs of the employes as well as the

J. P. MacArdle, No. 266. families depending upon them for support.

On November 15, 1905, the Interstate Com-

«%! /^t ' T»'i r" '^'^-.A* »n«rce Commission, after due notice to common

The Ohio Railway Commission At .^^.^^ i„„,j ,„ „j„ ^^^.j^ j^^^^ ^ ,90^

Work, requiring all the railroad companies carrying in-
terstate commerce, to increase the minimum air

The Railroad Commission of Ohio has started brake per centum to 76 of cars in each train,
in on what promises to be a vigorous campaign There is no evidence showing that said railway

in support of the safety appliance law and the company was present protesting against such or-

first case presented to it has been decided against j^r, although their each and every train is sub-

the company making the appeal. jcct thereto, according to the evidence herein.

The Hocking Valley Railroad Company is Trains wholly equipped with air brakes are
operated within the State of Ohio and it made subject to more complete control, and the con-
application for an extension of time so that it trolling power is within the reach of brakeman,
might escape the application of the law. Grand conductor and engineer, each being able to safe-
Master Morrissey of the Brotherhood of Train- guard the other. The danger risk is, no doubt,
men offered objections and was represented before minimized according as the per cent of air is in-
the Commission by Brother H. R. Fuller, at the creased.

hearing of the petition of the Hocking Valley. According to the testimony in support of the

We herewith present the decision of the Com- application herein, not more than 10 or 15 per

mission: cent of the 3,300 non-air brake cars would be

This cause came on for hearing upon the ap- p^j q^^ of commission by the refusal to extend

plication of the Hocking Valley Railway Com- t^^ ^i^^^ j^ ^quip the same. This would mean

pany for an extension of time within which to f^Q„ 320 to 450 cars, and as the 8.200 cars have

comply with the provisions of the Act to Promote |,^n {„ the service from 10 to 15 years, with

the Safety of Employes and Travelers upon the average life of about 10 to 15 years cerUinly

Railroads, etc., passed March 19, 1906. (O. L. ^jj^gg remaining of the 320 to 450 are near their

98, p. 75.) "three score and ten years," as applied to their

The testimony offered in support of said ap- days of usefulness, and could be with merit
plication is to the effect that said railway com* taken out of service. Granting that tliey are
pany owns somewhat over 15,000 freight cars, gtiU of some use, it certainly would seem that
consisting of box cars, flat cars and gondola their extreme age would increase the risk very
cars, of which number about 12,000 are equipped materially, especially were the train carrying
with air brakes and about 3.200 are not so them operating under the 50 per centum of air
equipped, of which 3,200 applicant only desires rule, instead of 75 per centum. Under the 60
to equip 600, not considering the remaining 2,600 per centum rule the danger of buckling is cer-
worth equipping by reason of the limited ca- tainly much greater and the strain upon old cars
pacity of such cars and the length of time the certainly materially increased over the rule re-
same have been in service. quiring 75 per centum of air.

The testimony further shows that 75 per centum Considering the Interstate Commerce Commis-

of all cars carrying freight go out of the state sion's order in the matter of air brakes and the

laden with interstate traffic; that all trains, with- fact that the applicant is subject thereto, as

out a noted exception, carry interstate traffic in stated herein; and taking into consideration the

car loads; that the said Hocking Valley Railway few cars that will necessarily be put out of ser-

Company on September 1, 1906, increased, on vice and the length of time such cars have been

its own accord the minimum requirements of air in service; the increased risk to employes by re-

from 50 to 76 per centum* and bu been so ducing the per centum of air to SQ^-per centum*

Digitized by VjOOQIC

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

especially when such a great number of cars
which have admittedly seen nearly their lifetime
of service, the Commission concludes that the ex-
tension of time within which to comply with said
law should be refused, which is accordingly done.

The Home.

The following donations have been received
the Home for the month of November:
B. R. T. Lodges.
1 $10.00 314 $ 3,

4 25.00

20 5.00

40 12.00

43 16.00

45 6.00

52 2.00

54 5.00

73 25.00

82 2.60

90 10.00

»7 4.00

108 6.00

109 6.00

113 10.00

121 12.00

122 12.00

124 12.00

128 12.50

134 6.00

146 10.00

172 16.00

17« 5.00

18« 12.00

187 10.00

191 10.00

196 15.00

199 8.00

219 5.00

220 10.00

228 10.00

224 2.00

228 10.00

229 10.00

5.00

6.00

25.00

5.00

337.
338.
356.
366.
3C7.
869.
385.
301.
392.
410.
413.
416.
417.
426.
434.
444.
453.
455.
461.
462.
467.
482.
610.
620.
531.
549.
561.
571.
587.
593.
598.
603.
610.
621.
677.
691.
694.
703.
705.
711.
727.

231

238

244

262

264

284

288 12.00

302 3.00

316 8.00

Total $780,

L. A. T. Lodges.

150 $ 2.05 336 $ 5.

334 8.50

ToUl $10.

Summary.

O. R. C. Divisions $ 96.

B. R. T. Lodges 780.

B. L. E. Divisions 156.

B. L. F. Lodges 419.

L. A. C. Divisions 168.

G. I. A. DiviMons 267.

L, A. T. Lodges

L. S. to F. Lodge

James Costcllo, No. 270, O. R. C

W. J. Baker, No. 1. O. R. C

Mrs. W. J. Baker, No. 4, L. A. T

Mrs. Effie Stewart, No. 4. L. A. T

Mrs. and Mr. Forest. No. 135. B. R. T.

Mr. Frank Boomer, No. 251, B. L. E..

Mr. Clem Thompson, No. 48. B. L. F...

Elizabeth Branz, No. 49, L. A. T....

Sewing Circle. No. 84, G. L A

Grand Lodge, B. L. F

Rebate on Freight

Kekionga Aid Society to L. A. C

.Alfred S. Hunt, No. 450, B. R. T

A member of No. 117. O. R. C

Mrs. F. Brumage, No. 215, L. A. C

A party given by Mrs. Hill, Mrs. Shep-
ard, Mrs. Phillips and Mrs. Willough-
by, members of No. 45, L. A. C...

10.55

13.00

1.00

1,00

1.00

.50

5.00

83.05

41.97

5.00

1.00

30.00

6.50

15.00

Total $1,906.86

Miscellaneous.
Tlirec quilts from No. 43, L. S. to F.
Wheel chair from No. 186, B. L. E.
Two quilts from No. 193, L. A. C.
One barrel of canned fruit and three quilts
from No. 294, G. I. A.
One barrel of canned goods, No. 13, G. L A.
One box of books from Mrs. O. S. Mullin.
Respectfully submitted,

John O'Kbefb,
Secretary and Treasurer.

A Convention Plan.

In the November number Brother McGarry ex-
plains a plan of convention representation in which
he solicited the views of other members and ex-
pressed a desire to have his plan picked to pieces,
etc, but December issue, teeming with good ar-
ticles as it was, did not bring forth any response
to his invitation. I had hoped to see some of the
opponents of this plan (for I believe there are no
small number) make a reply of some kind, so that
the question would be made more interesting be-
fore the next convention. The plan is wholly in
keeping with the trend of affairs in the industrial
world today, and I have no hesitation in placing
my approval on it.

Concentration of power floats on the waves of
industry these times, and the business institution
that expects to keep apace with the times cannot
afford to ignore the splashing of its waters at its
portals.

For convenience Brother McGarry's plan is
quoted: "Each state or province sufficiently well
organized hold a state or provincial convention
aoout one month before the national convention,
said state or provincial convention to be composed
of a delegate from each lodge in its jurisdiction.
That convention in tuni to elect a delegate for
every 1,000 members or major portion thereof."

It requires but very little thought to figure out
what the composition of such "national convention"
would be by this plan. In the first place it would
neatly eliminate that type of delegate so wdl

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

defined by Brother Ronan in the December issue,
as the **plum" favoring, the charms of a big time
and all the other emoluments that go with our
present plan, would be reduced to the minimum,
for the proposed plan would not entail very many
long trips or periods of pleasure so much thought
of by that portion of our delegates, ''the least
said of them the better," consequently, when elec-
tion of delegates took place there would be less
opposition to the more capable members, to whom,
as a rule, the unpleasant duties are always assigned.
This plan to elect delegates to the Grand Lodge
removes greatly the chances of the "would be
delegate*' getting into our conventions, as, should
he represent his lodge, he would come in contact
with another body of men whom he would in all
probability be less liable to impress by his good
fellowship than the boys at home.

It would be a sort of double process for sifting
out the best timber to transact the business of the
Grand Lodge.

First. — By reducing the attractions of the pres-
ent plan to the brother with "his friends," thereby
making the more capable members the most likely
to represent each lodge in the first body.

Second. — The delegates to the "national con-
vention" should be, and very likely would, the
best material of the "state or provincial conven-
tion."

A period of at least sixty days should be allowed
between the two conventions and change the
words "state or provincial" to divisions. By creat-
ing a number of divisions, comprising a number of
states or provinces as the locality would require,
should make a vast difference from a financial and
business standpoint.

To illustrate: The New England sUtes could
be made Division 1; New York, New Jersey and
Pennsylvania No. 2, etc., aoco/ding to the mem-
bership of the territory. There are about fifty
lodges in the New England states, and it is safe
to say three days would be a long session for the
transaction of the business affecting that division,
where these same delegates attending our present
plan conventions are kept on the pay roll until
the adjournment Consider what a saving it would
be in a division like New York, New Jersey and
Pennsylvania, with about 165 delegates paid for
all the excess time of what would be necessary to
dispose of their business in a division convention.
And then the mileage and transportation features,
too, think what a saving this plan would make with
a convention held in some western city, not to
say anything of the other divisions.

The recommendation of the Grand Master to the
last convention that we should hold our conven-
tions at some central and permanent city and was
defeated is another feature worthy of considera-
tion, too.

"Large bodies move slowly." Surely the truth
of this proverb has been well borne out by the
experience of our conventions and with a division
plan of this kind to elect delegates we would have
removed that obstacle, at least.

And other advantages such as hall rent, the
prompt diqKwition of businesa and a reduction

of labor in general, as explained by Brother Mc-
Garry in his article.

Let each lodge bear the expense of sending their
delegate to the division convention and a pro rata
assessment of each lodge to defray the general
expenses of the session. Consider the saving on
printed matter, such as the reports of Grand Lodge
Ofiicers, which should only be furnished to dele-
gates to the Grand Lodge, as they are not read
by more than one-fourth of the delegates by our
present plan; also the minutes handed out every
day during the convention, and the roll call check
system could be done away with, as the body
would be small enough to call the rolL It would
be safe to say the stock required to print the
minutes of three days during our conventions as at
present would be sufficient to supply the delega-
tion under the proposed plan. Of course, there may
be those who don't believe in this kind of economy,
but it would have its affect just the same.

Imagine the presiding officer in a body of 750
delegates trying to preserve order and make him-
self heard in all parts of a hall necessary to hold
such a delegation, for a period of twelve days, as
has been the usual period of our convention, com-
pared to this plan. Only a "man of iron" could
stand such conditions and give satisfaction for
such a period without suffering great physical in-
jury. The last convention we experienced some
displeasure of this nature, I believe.

We could hold our convention triennially and
handle the affairs fully as well, too, which would
reduce our expenses grvatly along this line.

With triennial conventions and delegates elected
by this division plan we should have clear sailing
for a reduction of about one-half, in our grand
dues and still not deplete the general fund from
its present condition.

We point with pride to our record as a business
institution. Now, then, if we are to be guided by
business methods, I believe this plan should ap-
peal to us as something worth a consideration.

Pina O'HuN.

The Salaried General Chairman.

How many of us try to keep in close enough
contact with the most vital department of our
order, to "personally" ascertain how hard the
struggle is to even defend and maintain our con«
tracts with railroad companies?

The writer believes if all our members would
try to keep well informed about what the local
and general committeemen are accomplishing by
placing their best men on these committees, they
would render these men a vote of thanks occa-
sionally, instead of tossing them the usual bunch
of vitalized criticism.

If we are defending and maintaining what we
have already secured, it is the local or general
committeemen, or man, that is doing it.

If we are gaining any new concession, it is the
committeemen that always procure it

A nation maintains the army in the field, but
'tis the soldier in the field that does the bleeding
and dying, and not the ^,^^,,%^^'GoOgle

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 57

The above is true of the committeeman for the the system, say that the position is one that re-
industrial union. He is constantly at the front quires the exercise of the highest qualities of
Sometimes he develops into an extreme radical, mind and character, and no man not possessed of
Sometimes into an ultra-conservative. In either the most sterling worth can hope to be a success-
instance, he is not as useful to his members as the ful General Chairman.

man is, who becomes what is known as an "'op- In closing will add that the expense, the
portunist." The latter takes the half loaf, if that is all "legitimate" expense, incident to the position, can
the situation warrants him getting, but he reaches not be reduced below one hundred ($100.00) per
promptly out for the other half. The above is the month, and cannot be kept that low only by the
tactical method most successful in the past, and most rigid and watchful economy,
the surest and safest for use in all future effort. On the C. & N. W. Ry. the Brotherhood pays
and dees not prevent taking the whole loaf at a chairman twenty-four hundred dollars ($2,400.00)
times when it b within the industrial or political per annum. When this sum was fixed as the
reach. So much for the methods used, and the salary we had, approximately, two thousand mem-
skill exhibited in their, use. bers. Today we have twenty-six hundred mem-
It will be but a brief time now before the gen- bers, and we should make the salary not less
cral committees in the "Western Association" will than three thousand per annum, which means
be in action, and great responsibilities to thou- about one dollar and fifteen ($1.15) cents per
sands of men, and to themselves, must be hon- member annually. That sum will be a fair re-
orably and skillfully met and discharged by them, muneration for the "right" kind of a (kneral

But do not get the idea that all who arc mem- Chairman. Fraternally,

bers of these committees are either capable or in- D. C. Bokd.

dined to solve the questions that will be submitted

to the managements. The general chairman must

be a progressive, growing fellow, if he expects to Maryland LodgC No« 463 •

be retained in the position. He must be "loyal." —

"No man can serve two masters." Maryland Lodge No. 453 is in a flourishing con-

The committee looks to the chairman for ex- dition. We have two hundred and fifty members
Ocriencc and successful leadership. Perhaps one- in good standing, and five applications out. We
third of the committee can take the initiative— have new members coming in almost every meet-
can "lead." more or less well. The balance can ing. We were in hope that wc would reach three
usually be relied on in discussion, and to vote hundred at the close of the year. We are going
for an expedient or necessary move. to strive to do our best in the year of 1907. We

In large cities, if the committees are convened are proud of our membership and our members,
in such, their legitimate expense is extremely high, What we have are all good workers for the or-
at best. It is well for our members to note the dcr, a»id I am glad to say that we are on the in-
above fact, also the further fact that the cost of crease instead of the decrease,
living in large cities has risen faster than in Brothers, how often do we mention our grand
smaller ones. organization to the non-union man? I think that

In passing, will say that the writer bitterly op- if every member would appoint himself a com-
posed establishing the position of salaried General mittec of one and do some hustling we would
(Thairman on the C. & N. W. Ry.. system. He soon have all of the non-union men in to clear,
hastens to admit, that, given an able salaried or at least those desirable. We elected our offi-
chairman — ^and the "system" has an able, versatile cers for the year of 1007, December 7th, and I
atid conservative one in the present incumbent, am quite sure that they arc all men that will
there is no question but what improvements and strive to do what is to the best interest for the
advantages accrue to the members, that in value. Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. Nearly all of
are worth to them many times the difference in the old officers have been returned, and, my
the cost of a per diem and a salaried chairman. brothers, it makes us feel as if we have done our

However, under the new agreement requiring duty to this grand organization, for I am sure

the (jeneral Chairman to endeavor to adjust the that if we had not the good members of No. 453

grievance with the superintendent on whose di- would not put them back again. We hope that

vision the grievance originates, a per diem chair- by the help of the members we will be able to

man would be on duty nearly all of the time with make the year of 1907 a prosperous one for the

us, on the C. & N. W. Ry. With a membership B. of R. T.

of 2,600, the Brotherhood must have the undi- Our main line is not as well organized as our

vided attention of a clean, vigorous (jeneral Baltimore yards, but we are in good shape. We

Chairman every day in the year on this line, if the represent about 85 per cent of the men in train

reasonable interests of the members are to be de- service and the yards running in and out of Bal-

fended and maintained and neW^' betterments are timore, Md. I will say for the main line broth-

to be procured. ers that they are all good workers for the cause.

I regret to admit that we have a few men We, the newly elected officers, are pleased to

among us who fail to understand and fully ap- know that we have the confidence of our members

predate the weight of the responsibility that an and feel sure that they will do all that they can

''able" and an "honest" General Chairman must to assist us in the discharge of our duties. Let

always carry. While the writer does not intend every member put his shoulder to the wheel and

to enter into details, he can, as ah ez-Secretary of do his part, and the work will be well done, and>

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

we will do better than we have ever done before,
and our membership will increase and the lodge
will prosper thereby, but let me tell you that if
you don't help your officers it will be impossible
for them to help themselves. It is a duty for
each member to give a helping hand, and if you
do, you will find that we will enjoy the prosperity
in the future.

Let us get down to business and go to the con-
vention in May next, which will be held in Atlanta,
Ga., with the number (100«000) stamped on our
banner. We can do it if we will get busy and
work earnestly together, by showing to those on
the outside that our order is what it is repre-
sented to be. Then we will be successful in our
undertaking.

When we look back over our past, we see many
a place where the hand of God only made it pos-
sible for us to escape the dangers seen and un-
seen, that were in our pathway. How often we
have escaped death.

Do we forget to offer God our thanks, or offer
some little prayer to get home to meet oiir loved
ones, for many times you often hear it is said:
**I was in a close place, but I was just too
quick." They forget to give thanks to the one
who guided them.

The sublime truth was uttered nineteen hun-
dred years ago. It has not yet done its perfect
work, but it has already done much. Seemingly
its progress has been slow. The first utterer of
it was crucified, and for it many have died since.
There is nothing better worth dying for.

Good will it be for us if among the moral in-
fluences of this day we learn the lesson of brother-
hood. Our material glory will take care of itself —
it is inseparably bound up with advancing civili-
zation and the world's progress in art, science and
industry. What we need as a people is the
chastening hand of sorrow, tender thoughts and
fraternal impulses.

We are here to learn the lesson of life. The
apostle tells us that *'lifc is our Christian progres-
sion." These things God has given to you and
me. He has given us life for two great purposes —
being and doing. He has given us bodies that
arc temples of the Holy Spirit. He has given us
intellects capable of indefinite expansion. He has
given us influence over fcllowmcn, influence so
that there is not a day wc live in which wc do
not make some man or woman better or worse.

Men talk of dying, some dread the thought
of it. Dying! It is but an instantaneous physical
experience — over as quickly as one winks. Dying
is solemn, but living is awful. It is not that you
and I may die — it is not that which ought to con-
cern us. But that we may live, and there is no
man who lives, who will not grow into a greater
ripeness for the everlasting life.

Now let us give praise to our grand organiza-
tion that has protected us morally, socially and
financially.

We have paid out over twelve and one-half mil-
lions of insurance since our organization was
founded. Those are not figures taken at ran-
dom, but they arc facts. How have we obtained

the above results? By educating and organizing
the railroad trainmen. What has the Brotherhood
done for us? Why it has simply increased cur
wages on the Baltimore & Ohio R. R. on the first
division from one dollar and fifty cents per day
to two dollars and sixty- four cents per day for a
brakeman in yard service. This is not all that it
has done for the brakemen; it has got them an
agreement with the company that cannot be ex-
celled. Socially it has brought us closer together
as one family. When we meet each other we
meet with a fraternal greeting, and not as we did
in years gone by.

Some of the non-union men will say to you
when you mention the Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen to them, that we are getting as much
money as you do; others say that I can't spare
the money to join the lodge, and they have various
excuses to offer, but if you will take notice of
those fellows you will see them loafing around
some saloon, and some of them will si>end their
whole month's wages before they get home, and
you will always find them and their families in
destitute circumstances, and no wonder, the saloon
and card table get all of their money.

A few words in reference to the coming of the
Ladies' Auxiliary convention to Baltimore City in
1909. We extend to the members of the B. of K.
T. and the Ladies' Auxiliary a hearty welcome
to visit our city on this occasion, and we will
assure them that they will be given the glad hand
of welcome. We are making arrangements for
this affair and we hope to make it pleasant for all
who may visit us at the time mentioned. We have
our committees at work now and we are quite sure
of success. It is our intention to place our city
in the lead of all other convention cities, if pos-
sible to do so.

We wish the members of the B. of R. T. and
the Ladies' Auxiliary a Merry Christmas and a
Happy New Year. May you prosper in the com-
ing year, and it is my earnest desire when we meet
in Atlanta, Ga., that we will have 100,000 names
on the B. of R. T. rolls.

Fraternally yours,

Wm. M. Bowbn,
Financier No. 458.

Eastern Association Of General
Chairmen,

Brother McGarry, No. 128, is all right in his
views regarding a change in the method of holding
our biennial conventions. Everyone who has at-
tended a convention recently must have been im-
pressed with the fact that our legislative body is
too large for the proper and speedy conduct of our
business, hence expensive. This is a matter which
should be seriously considered by the lodges, as it
is apparent that at the rate our Brotherhood is
growing at present, a change must be made in
transacting business at the national conventions.
Let us hope that enough lodges will become in-
terested in thfa matter to properly present it at
our next biennial convention. ^^ j

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 69

Another subject which should receive definite Replying to Brother Lafontaine, No. 82, the
consideratloQ is a shorter worlcday for trainmen men in the East are not too reticent to demand
employed in yard service. It is true that our better wages and working conditions, neither are
last convention, assembled in Buffalo, endorsed they too weak-kneed to enforce their demands
and gave their moral support to a shorter yard should the occasion arise. The fault lies with our
day. Yet such action leaves the matter in a very present method of handling grievance committee
indefinite form. It might be argued that the rapid work, which system has outlived its usefulness un-
strides that have been made in the advancement less supplemented by an Eastern association. I
of yard wages in the past ten years should satisfy believe that it is a wrong thing to convene in one
the desires of the yardmen. But, brothers, the body, for the purpose of seeking better condi*
newer conditions imposed by the railroads have tions, committeemen from approximately seven-
kept apace — yes, even outdistanced our increased teen hundred miles of railroad (as is the case with
rates of pay, to such an extent that the yardmen the B. & O.), which mileage runs through seven
of ten years ago would be disgusted at the service states and representing districts where wages grad-
exacted by the railroads of today, even at our in- uate from $8.51 per twelve hour day in Philadel-
ercaaed rates of compensation. The twelve hour phia to $S.80 per ten hour day in Chicago, and
day, as worked in this locality, is almost unen- where conditions vary.

durable. With every increase of pay which has «. ..^ - t»um j i t.. m*
,_ , - ^, . . , , . The committeeman from Philadelphia will re-
been secured for us, the companies have looked ^ ^ ^ • ^ t.* .. •

. . ,. ' "^ . ^ quest a ten per cent raise for his territory, using

around and discovered newer ways to counter- 7*. ^i * ^ -.u t j . »

h»i^^ ffc^ ir>^^m^A ..«w«.* ^t ™«»{«« Q„^fc ^* reasonable argument of the already too large

Daiance tne increased expense ox operation, buco ,.^ , . ^, . ^ ^t. t? .. j ^«.

,.^ . ^ •^ ^ J J . 1 difference between the rates of the East and the

conditions almost cause one to dread to seek a ... ^ _ . m.*! j i t.* -^ •!« . j«

1 •. . 1 ^ _^ *!. . 1. West. The Philadelphia committeeman will hardly

wage increase, as it is almost certain that such . n • v j t.* u v * *i. * ^u

4..3~.» ^;ii iw. fr^u^^^A Kv ♦!,• *v^«a«i.M. «. ^^* finished his speech before the man from the

increase will oe loiiowea by tne companies re- ... . •«• v ^*. n n*^ • nt.M ^ « «.» •

Vdrins ».re e,«t «rvice of the tr.in««, which ^"' ""^ ^ »° f ' . U"! -ri,?^*? ui* '^'

wm more <h»> ove«o«e the ia«e»e In *««. «"»"«». »>" deciding that .f Ph.adelphu fa

e u ^' IV V *v -Lv granted ten per cent, the West should have ten

Such acUon can only be overcome by the estab- ** s. ^ \. \i- v t v t. j

... .. * *. ._t*. u • J 1M. J**" cent, too, because they have always been ahead

lishment of the eight hour workday. Then we *^ ,. ' ' «.•. t.

might be driven to our f»U capacity for eight "' *' '«* »' "*• /*"' ''"' have a conumtt^man

hour^ yet In the next rixteen hour, have .uffi- "" *' *"*™ «»<! 1* '^•**'», *^"f *^ ~7?

dent time to attdn Intellectual advancement and '» "?""* ^V'™""'" *' «>"««<» °J »» »»'»"

to .ecure rest enough to prepare u. for another """^V""' """'J ""•"" Z f" '^ ',Z '

. , , . .1 J • \i jiij *v committeeman from the Western end of the same

day s work, while under existing conditions, the ^ , . i., , .. j .• ..u

, . • J ^ *!. e At system seeking a like increase by advocating the

one can only be gained at the expense of the ' . ^ . " ^ ,* . * l

fu existence of the present wrong conditions. In the

meanwhile the rest of the committeemen take sides
In advocating a shorter workday another prob- in the issue, according to the position their dis-
lem presents itself. You readers who have served tricts occupy as to the "graduated scale." No mat-
on grievance eommittees know that in arranging ter how closely they may stick together on other
for new rates of pay and new working conditions, questions, it is only natural for a degree of selfish-
the new rates are generally based on what your ness to manifest itelf when the issue resolves it-
ndi^boring roads pay for the same class of ser- self into a matter of dollars and cents. Such is
vice. As long as our neighbors work a twelve human nature. This same degree of selfishness is
hour day and as long as our grievance committees also apparent in making rules, especially those re-
of the Eastern roads do not know the workings lating to yard service. There seems to be a grow-
and the desires of each other, how are we going ing disposition among grievance committees to
to overcome this? It can only be accomplished by throw out proposed rules which cannot be applied
perfecting an arrangement whereby the several to one part of the system as well as another. On
grievance committees in the East can be brought account of the varying conditions, on any road of
together and thus be able to work on a uniform reasonable mileage, this plan of action has a
basis. By forming an association of General tendency to keep down to a minimum the number
Chairmen of the Eastern grievance committees, of working rules in our contract, thereby denying
similar to the one which is in operation among us a lot of things which, it is true might be of
twenty-five railroads in the West, the shorter local character, yet would considerably improve
Workday and other paramount questions can be our working conditions. I will admit that to make
handled in a businesslike manner. separate rules to cover every few miles of rail-
It b encouraging to hear of conrention. giving ">»d w^" be a stupendoui tadt and would make
their mora] rapport to a rtorter workday, but a. »<«• ^^ ?J «»««"««'«» «PI>«" «>« « ;'»' ^"'^
befoi« Mated, such action leave, the matter in a ^^- •»«* «^ *«'*' ^ "» ~""* unfair condU-
very indefinite form. How much more good would «»"•' f" *"'"««' » '"f P«r cent of thm he
have been accompltohed-how much nearer would P""'" '""^ '" character, let u. have the directory,
we be to the shorter workday had the convention I believe that far better results could be ob-
at Buffalo authorised the formation of an Eastern tained if the committees of all the railroads en-
association? Give us the tool and we will make tering each state or several states would be as-
a shorter workday. I earnestly hope that this sembled in one body and be given authority to
question will be made a burning issue at our con- make rates of pay and working rules to cover the
vention in Atlanta next May. railroads for that one state. Th]|S yon would

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60 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

htye a body of committeemen representing a ter* to note the attendance. The same six or eight arc

ritory wherein the rates of pay and working con- there to run things. The official knows there is

ditions are about uniform. This plan is really not enough push in that lodge to hurt him or push

nothing more than is in operation in Chicago and that grievance very hard.

among the railroads in the New York harbor dis- There are a lot of wives to blame for non-at-

trict 6oYLB« 484. tendance. Auxiliary sisters, too, they are. I

""""""■"■"— ^~" probably have said enough, for this no doubt will

SayrC Lod^e No. 337. ^' down blessings galore on No. 837. No one

could carry a more important part in the respon-

I regret to say we are having some trouble in wWHties of a trainman's Ufc than his wife,

trying to hold our regular meetings. No. 887 has Election of officers is over and I am pleased to

a membership of 200 and holds three meetings a »«y that every member seems well satisfied with

month, that is. we have three dates, or in other the result. May the officers continue to advance

words, the hall is ours and is lit up and opened **»« ^^^ interests of our Brotherhood in the same

three times a month. First Sunday in forenoon, firm manner that has won them a place in the

second and fourth Sunday evenings. It was so hearts of sU of our members,

arranged that it gave all the local crews one James Edwako Burks,

chance a month to sttend and also regular runs Journal Agent No. 337, B. of R. T.

mere than one chance. There is not, nor never — _^^__

was, a time when there were not fifty members in ' _. \' \if

the city on a meeting date, out of which there /Minneapolis, Minn«

might be a possible ten who could give good """'

reasons for not attending, but there are oftener There is a lodge here— No. 102, and it's no sec

forty in the city and no earthly or heavenly reason 0"^ <=>«« ^^9^ either. It is right up among the

why there could not be fifteen or twenty at each ^^ o^ them and we are here to stoy. We have a

meeting. There is certainly no reason why a meet- K^od set of officers that keep things in first class

ing could not be held at least once a month. Now. •*»!>«» *n^ ^« *^ increasing our membership all

I am aware this has all been written up over and the time. We have the same trouble here that a

over again. Our Grand Officers all Ulk on it. «^at many lodges have, and that is poor attend-

Grand officers of other orders talk it up, it is a •"««• The only time we see the most of our boys

theme at every union meeting and it certainly »" ^^S^ 'oo« « '^^^n they have a grievance,

the boys should realize the evil from non- •^^ ^ think right now is the time to refer those

attendance and come. When a brother has a nonattending brothers to Rule No. «, on page 66
grievance he is the first one at the hall and makes ^^ the constitution, so they will know what to ex-
it a point to have others know it is meeting day, P«ct when they come up with a grievance. A
even though it rains or shines, though he is tired S^^ attendance makes a good lodge, and if you
and needs rest, or is first or ten times out. or he <»";t ^r f «ood word for the lodge or a member
wants to drive to the country, or take his folks ^^ >t, don't say anything.

to church, or he lives so far away, or it is such We have another class that are as bad, if not
a pleasant afternoon, etc., etc You can bet then worse, than the non-attending brothers, and they
he is there. Again, how often you hear it said, are the ones that are slaw in paying their does,
oh there are six or eight running the thing; no They seem to think that the Financier should get
use of me going. Now, I want to say, and say down on his knees and beg them for
it through the Journal, that those six or eight their dues. They think they are privileged char-
get mighty tired running things, as the brothers acters and can pay when they get good and ready,
say they get tired of going to the hall and then I heard a brotiier remark that he did not think
going down the street to hunt up enough to carry the Financier was overflowing with brotherly love
on the business, and fail in that It is not very if he expelled a brother for not paying his dues
pleasant when that happens for eight consecutive after be had waited about ten days for him to pay
times; it's no fun to wait for keys or go for them. I have an idea that beats that. I think
tbem; it is not pleasant to tell a man waiting to the slow-paying brother had no more brotherly
become a brother, "no meeting this morning or love than he could carry. Of course, there arc
evening." It is also poor business to carry papers times when almost any of us might be short, but
pertaining to the lodge or grievances around in in that case come up to lodge and ask the lodge
your pocket say for two months, and not try to to carry you. I have never known them to refuse
get a meeting to have them acted on or read, to carry a brother for a month or longer if seces-
The shoe is going to fit quite a few, and I can't sary, and I am getting to be quite an old mem-
help it if it does. ber. I have belonged for over twelve years, and
The company expects to be waited on, the su- I still remember the day I joined this grand order,
perintendent wants to get posted as to the strength With best wishes to the B. of R. T., I remain
and fMling and how much enthusiasm thefe is yours in B. I^.,
amongst the boys; he puts a man a^rdlis the street H. E. Braouet. No. 102.

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EDITORIAL.

Vol. XXIV.

No.l

The year that has just closed was one of
great satisfaction to the
iMM TklBfs Brotherhood. It has gained
JMmg> in number, added to its

finances and, better than
anything else, it has been the means of in-
creasing the wages of the men in train and
yard service, besides bettering conditions
of employment In every sense it has
added to its general reputation for being a
sensible, business organization, represent-
ing a progressive class of working men
who have brought their organization to a
higher degree of perfection and, through it,
secured a betterment of their own working
and living conditions.

What this in detail means to our mem-
bers and their families cannot be told in a
few words. Generally summed up it means
added comforts, better opportunities for
mental and physical improvement, and a
better citizenship that will be of advantage
to every one in the country.

The effect of the work of the Brother-
hood of Railroad Trainmen has been, and
will be, felt m every other branch of labor.
Better wages for one class of employes
means higher wages for the others, not only
in railway service but in all trades. The
increases for the trainmen and yardmen
for the past stx years in money alone will
average 25 per cent The reduction in
hours win add considerably to that figure.

We cbse 1906 with approximately 87,000
members, not quite the 100,000 we hoped
for, but close enous^ to allow us to see our
way to that number. Our faisurance busi-
ness win Approximate a million and a half

and the Journal ends the year with a cir-
culation of 95,000. Financially, we are mil-
lionaires and m operation we are not afraid
to practice what we preach. By this we
mean that we declare in favor of the trade
agreement and we are not afraid to main-
tain an agreement when it is made, whether
our doing so meets with the approval of
others or not It is generally recognized
that the laws of the Brotherhood are made
to be obeyed by officers and members. This
fact has added to the regard entertained
for the organization by those who have to
do with labor bodies.

In the face of every statement to the
contrary it is a fact that
Leaf railway employes work un-

Hwurs. reasonably long hours and
when they do, they are un-
safe and a menace to everything on the line.
We take from a news note the statement
that a Lehigh and Hudson crew, after
working for three days and three nights,
fell asleep and the engine and caboose ran
for thirty miles with the entire crew asleep.
They ran red blocks and finally the engine
was boarded at a station by the operator
and stopped. The engine was out of wa-
ter, and about out of steam by that time.
The boiler was "roasted** and the extreme
danger to all the men and every train on
the road will be understood by our readers.
This is something happens oftenei* than the
public knows and it ought to be one of the
arguments against permitting railroad com- ^
panics from working their men more than
the usual hours allotted in othet occupy

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68 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

tions for a given da/s work. It is gener- tinue with so many changes as take place
ally given out that railway work cannot be in the postal service,
arranged as other service is fixed. It can- "n jg to precedents and previous con-
not be so arranged as long as railroad com- struction of laws the business world looks
panics are permitted to work their men as jn making calculations for the future, and
long as they like. the frequent overturning of precedents by
Legislation attempts to do everything new departmental nilings on a given point
with transportation except protect the em- causes confusion and loss and places vested
ployes. If Congress and State Legislatures rights in jeopardy. To obviate this, and to
can fix rates, denand appliances of certain enable the establishment of a fixed set of
standards and do other things to trans- rules and regulations we would require
portation companies they can also further that Congress enact a law providing for
protect the employes from injury and the appointment of a commission for the
death. control of the postal service similar in im-
port and power to that the interstate com-

,,^ ., . , , ^ mercc commission now has in matters of

While it seems to be the purpose of cer- . ^„^^^^»- ^

, „ transportation,

tain governmental office ^,^. . ^ ^ .

LowtrPctia' holders to raise the rates J^^ ^"^^*«>" ^J * continuance of the
Bate.. on special kinds of mail ""'^^^ established by civil service as the
matter, because the depart- ^.^""^ ^^^^*^ !<> ^^^""l ^*^^*^^' ^/ compensa-
ment is not self-supporting, there comes ^'°" of employes; the rental of space used
forward an offer from private individuals ^or postoffices; the money order system,
to take the entire matter out of the hands '^^'J^^'f ^"^ 'P^^'^' ^"^'^^^ ^^j\'. ^ ^•
of the government and run it as a private ^' ^' department; insurance of deliveiy;
business. This offer, or suggestion, came |.^^ extension of free delivenr, rural free de-
from a reliable source and proposes to re- [^very and other details not herem set fordt,
duce postal rates one half. It guarantees j^^ve been taken mto consideration m mak-
to take all postal business out of the hands '"^^ this proposition as a matter of agree-
of the government, pay rentals on all gov- '"^"^ f"^ legislation, and, we are satisfied,
emment properties and accept the railway ^f f ^^ ^''^'^^ ^^ ^^ J,^* satisfaction
contracts now held by the companies and, ^^ the government and all parties con-
it further declares, that it can be done. ^^"^^^•

The Wells Fargo Express saw enough The Government is seekirt)? to take away

money in the proposition at one time to "'any of the privileges now allowed under

offer the government $1,000,000.00 a year second class mail rules and if carried to the

for the business. The proposition includes extreme would put about 75 per cent of the

the appointment of a commission similar to newspapers, magazines and other educa-

the Interstate Commerce Commission to tional publications out of business. None

regulate the business. The terms include l>"t the well fmanced papers could pay the

the following: increased rate. It would mean to the

,,„, .... * • Journal a postage bill of approximately

"We are convmced . that because of the ^5,000.00 « year. No one would agree to

great increase m density of popuJation. ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^.^^

and the great increase that will agam be ^^ ^^^^ p^^p,^ j^ newspapers, magazines

made m first and second class mail because ^^^ ^^^^^ educational matter could not be

of a reduction m the rate of postage, the „^^.j^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^,.,. ^^ ^^

time has come for a further reduction m p^j^ ^^ ^^^ ^y^^^ ^^3 ^.^^ ^ ^^^^

^***^' be greatly limited and all .the pleasures, ad-

'^ine different postmasters general have vantages and educational features now

occupied the position of what might be possible would be taken from the people

designated as president of the PostofBce merely because the Government Is a po«r

Department during the last twenty years, business manager.

No private business could successfully con- We suggest that before any mat inroads

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

are made upon the rights of second class
publications that Congress take from itself
the "franking" privilege; that all political
postmasters, whose deputies do the woric, be
dismissed and that the Government pay
its own postage bills. If two of these
acounts mean the deficit in the postal
list then the postal department can have
the salaries of the politicians to its credit
It is not a very complimentary offer to
the Government, that ef offering to do
business for one-half the Government re-
ceives, and do so with the assurance that
there is money in the business.

coolies in her business to compete with
Chinese and Japs.

The problem now handed to Canada by
the immigration of coolies
iBdiamCooliM from India is really the
YttrOaaadA. most perplexing that has
come along in the immigra-
tion question. Within the year, we have it,
thousands of them have gone into Canada
from the west and as they are of a lower
grade than either the Chinese or Japanese
coolies, they are displacing them in the fish-
eries, canneries, lumber camps and the
mines. This means that the displaced cool-
ies must crowd under somewhere else and
that means crowding all along the line of
employment

India is the most densely populated coun-
try in the world. It has so many people
that if it were not for famine and scourge
during the past centuries the people would
have crowded themselves beyond the boun-
daries of their own land. Utter disregard
for life has kept down the population, but
evoi at that it is the densest, poorest and
most objectionable in the world and yet, if
we mistake not, they are entitled to every
right of citizenship in Canada, and viewed
from the stand of the Home Government
regarding the rights of Indians at Natal,
the Canadians will have to accept them.

They have gone to Natal in large num-
bers, have practically taken over all un-
skilled work and the Home Government
has not permitted any discrimination against
them. It is to be hoped that the matter
may be different with Canada and that her
Parliament may have greater rights to the
end that the immigration may be shut off
for Canada, surely, does not need Indian

From every point of view it seems that
sooner or later this coun-
Tht Moagoliaa try will either have to
^^^^M« shut up close against all

Asiatics or let down the
bars and bid them all come in. The coun-
tries interested the most are protesting
against the discrimination of the United
States against their people; the Govern-
ment is trying to appease their wrath and
our people are augmenting the trouble be-
cause they are not in sympathy with the
Government in its endeavor to make cer-
tain people accept the Mongolian as an
equal and an associate. The Indian cootie
problem in Canada will soon be a part of
our own affair for it will be a part of the
Government's business to heed the demand
against the admission of this class of labor.
No one at all familiar with the Chinese,
Japanese or Koreans can honestly assert
that we need them, much less want them
in any capacity. We will not accept them
to citizenship, tmlcss the President has his
own way, then where can we consistently
demand that certain citizens accept them as
fit associates for their children?

The President has been reliably assured
that the agitation against the Mongolians is
not alone from the "sand lotters" but that
it comes from all the whites on the Pacific
Coast The Government may attempt to
"federalize" the question but it will not
settle it, nor make the Mongolian a wel-
come visitor to any but the employers who
want and demand coolie labor. There has
been a remarkable increase of Japanese im-
migration during the year and it is not a
pleasant prospect for the Western Coast to
think of the time when her people will be
absorbed by the Mongols.

The President has listened to the de-
mands of the American
Tht Eight Federation of Labor and
Hoar Day. ordered all Government
work to be carried on in
the future on that work day basis.

Until this order was issued the eight
hour work day was a joke, to be ignored

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64 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

hy contractors and overlooked by Govern- bad repair and wben a car is wrecked or

ment offidab. The departments having damaged in transit and has to be chained.

Government work under supervision have it cannot be so hauled without violating

been ordered to hold the contrjactors strict- the law.** This does not hold the employe

ly to the letter of the law. It is good to responsible, but the employer.

know that now and then there is some-

thing done m the way it was intended to ,^, .in . .1

. . rheri are more ways to kill a cat than

to drown it in milk, and

" Aroiud Tht there are all kinds of ways

The account of a wreck has recently Liability Law. to try to get around a law

come to us recking with when it seeks to protect the

WrMkAad cruelty and barbarism that employe. The latest we have found is a

l>«ath, would put an Indian to general order issued on one railway, and

shame so far as cruelty is its associated lines, that attempts to release

concerned. the employer from all responsibility. It

A fast meat train was wrecked and the reads as follows:

brakeman was pinned tmder the wreck. -pQ ^|| Concerned:

The company transferred every pound of you are hereby prohibited from going

meat and moved four others cars before it between moving cars to couple or uncouple

attempted to do anything with the one un- j^e same. Where the lever on one side

der which the brakeman was buried, j^es not work, the lever on the opposite

Fnends, relatives and citizens protested, side must be used. If any doubt about cou-

but without result, the officials took their pij„g ^.^ ^he lever from the outside, the

own good time to get at the body. ^^^s must be stopped before^you go between

It was one of the most inhiunan exhibi- them or attempt to couple by hand at the

tions of official meanness we have ever draw-head.

known, and we have met a few, and the Accidents have resulted to employes

memory of it ought never to be forgotten while coupling cars from putting their feet

by the men on that road. against the draw-bars as cars were coming

Every man engaged in wrecking the together, believing that by so doing the
train ought to have stopped work imtil or- draw-bars would line up better and be
dered to start again for the purpose of find- more liable to couple. When it is neces-
ing the body of the brakeman. The fact sary to change the alignment of the draw-
that he was dead offered no excuse for the bars the cars must be stopped,
hoggishness that ordered him to remain un- There is danger of personal mjury to
der the wreck for forty hours. employes who step in between cars to make

temporary changes or repairs to draw-bars,

because of misunderstanding of a signal or

From time to time inquiry is made as to ^^^^ ^rror, causing the cars or engines to

whether or not the em- |^ bumped against or moved. You are en-

BaployeVot ploye is responsible if his joined and authorized to take sufficient time

BMpoMibla. employer violates the Safe- to personally notify your engineer what

ty Appliance Act. The an- y^u are going to do, also to have the cars

swer is, no. The penalty runs wholly separated a sufficient distance, at least fifty

against the carrier no matter who is re- f^et, so that if under any possible condition

sponsible for the violation. The train crew a mistake does occur, there will be oppor-

can. under no circumstances, be prosecuted, tunity for you to avoid injury. If it is on

It has been decided in a recent case a yard track, notify your engineer or post
against the Milwaukee that "due diligence men at either end of the train, or such
in inspection must be exercised but that other action as the circumstances may re-
claim for it cannot be made to take the quire to insure your safety, before going in
place of perfect equipment. The judge between the cars. There are times when
said: "It is an offense to haul a car in you can do the work without standing di-

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rectly in fine of the draw-heads, which will
lessen the possibility of personal injury.

This Company desires that every precau-
tion shall be taken to prevent injury to its
employes, and prohibits the doing of any
work in a manner that jeopardizes the
safety of its men. The above instructions
have been previously issued, but are put in
this form for permanency, and will be con-
sidered in force and observed by you until
modiiied in writing by the undersigned.
General Superintendent.

Receipt is hereby acknowledged of spe-
cial instructions issued by the General Su-
perintendent under date of October 1st,
1906. headed instructions in Reference to
Avoiding Persbnal Injury."

Signed at on the

day of 190

Witness: Name

Occupation

Just run through this order and its ac-
ceptance and then think how all of this can
be done with two men on a freight train,
working on short time and **helltopay" if
you hold up something.

men who made the contract, they erred in
judgment.

The only reason we can see for their act-
ing as they did was that association with
the Switchmen's Union has led them to be-
lieve if they want to meet the S. U., as it
deserves to be met, that they must adopt
S. U. methods. This is the S. U. way of
doing things, but has not been accepted as
right by the B. of R. T.

The affair was decidedly "Switchmen-
esque" and, therefore, decidedly incorrect.

A mistake was made by certain members
of this organization in their
QalTMtoa endeavor to make contract
WharvM. for the Wharves at Galves-
ton, Texas. The Brother-
hood did not represent the men employed
and the members of this organization who
entered into the contract did so illegally,
contrary to the advice of Grand Master
Morrissey and every organization prece-
dent

Just as soon as this contract was under-
stood by the Grand Master he ordered it
cancelled immediately, which was done.
Let it be understood this was not done be-
cause of any outside influence but because
it was right The same thing was done by
him ten days before when a contract was
made by our men when they were not in
the majority.

The Journal offers no apology for the
men who made the agreement They were
wrong but, in justice to the men who fol-
lowed their advice we want to say that,
they acted in good faith and are blameless.
We do not question the good faith of the

The Supreme Court of Georgia has de-
cided that the law forbid-
FrtSt^idiif <J'nff the running of certain

Ualawftd. trains on Sunday is good
law and therefore the Su-
perintendent of the Southern Railway, Mr.
Habersham, will pay a fine of $1,000 for
violation. The case was started in 1903,
and carried to the Supreme Court of the
United States, by which it was dismissed
for want of jurisdiction.

The case came back to the Georgia courts
and a new trial was granted with the re-
sult that it finally came to a decision sup-
porting the law.

The decision was based on the grounds
that the law was an internal police re^ila-
tion and wholly within the power of the
State.

It is taken for granted that the reader
has seen the work of the
B.n. Sleight sleight of hand artists who
Of Hand. put their hands in high hats

and pull out rabbits, guinea
pigs, bouquets and the like. Not a few
have witnessed the ledgerdemain produc-
tions of the officers of the Switchmen's
Union the past few weeks in making their
members believe that the S. U. secured the
present rates governing the yard service
on the great majority of the systems in
this country.

It can be said that "the Switchmen's
Union also dickered" for the making of
this rate, for it accepted three cents, "thir-
ty cents" a day, and its committees went
back to work believing the matter was set-
tled. When they had done, the railway

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companies then made settlement with the
"real men" for four cents an hour.

The oflficers of the Switchmen's Union
have put in their time since then in telling
their members how the Union secured the
raise and complimenting them on what the
S. U. has done.

We will not take "one cent" away from
them. It is true, they did settle with the
New York Central lines for the Buffalo
yards for one cent an hour increase. This
remarkable success was posted all over the
country as evidence of what the S. U. had
done "right off the reel," when it was used
for advertising purposes. When the B. of
R. T. settled for the Chicago district and
territory governed by that scale, the S. U.
came out and declared the Buffalo settle-
ment was unauthorized. They received
their one cent per hour for one year and it
is to be hoped they continue to receive it
according to the terms of their contract

Advertising is the one great proposition
of the Switchmen's Union. That it did not
settle anything of moment is the fact. It
accepted in a few places the rate set by

the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, but
there is no place even where it had the say
so, that it received a single concession that
already had not been granted to the B. of
R. T.

But, the officers have never allowed a
little thing like that to stop them. Vice
Grand Master Connors came to Cleveland
and congratulated the S. U. because of the
increased rate of four cents it had received.
When he did so the majority of his men
had not received the rate. The Business
Agent of the local lodge immediately came
out with a newspaper statement that the
S. U. had a contract with every yard in the
city. The S. U. does not hold a contract of
any kind in Cleveland. But this is the
usual method of telling how things are. It
is a happy way of receiving a "lemon" and
transforming it into a bouquet of choice
flowers before it is handed to the men.

Don't let this get away from you. ilie
Switchmen's Union did not establish any-
thing in the way of a new rate. It acoepted
what the Brotherhood fixed as the new rate
and cleverly took to itself credit for hav-
ing secured the entire change of wages.

A General Compensation Act.

Just how far the general government can
go without interfering with the rights of
the States, in legislation that is intended to
afford certain protection to employes, will
be further determined by the decision that
is given by the United States Supreme
Court when the Liability Bill comes before
it

There are very many eminent authori-
ties who profess to believe that the gov-
ernment cannot enforce a law of general
character without taking from the States
their right to legislate for the people with-
in the State. The other side professes to
believe that when the character of employ-
ment is inter-state that the government has
jurisdiction.

Senator Beveridge holds to the latter
opinion and will go so far as to endeavor
to forbid the interstate transportation of

goods manufactured by children under a
speciiied age. He holds that it is proper
and legal for the government to enact a law
of this kind. That such a provision will
not be passed until there is general public
demand for it is certain and, in the mean-
time, the Supreme Court will have passed
upon the legality of the Liability Bill,
which, naturally, will determine the stand-
ing of other measures intended to be gen*
eral in their scope and give to each State
certain laws instead of, as now, a mixture
of justice that is determined by State legis-
lation and court interpretation.

The Journal is in favor of a general
compensation law that will demand pay-
ment, by every employer of labor, of a cer-
tain sum when injuries received in the
service necessitate loss of employment
We do not mean that the small employer

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shall suffer to a greater extent in meeting
these payments than the large employer,
nor would it be necessary. If it is right for
the government to regulate one feature of
the transportation business, it is just as
right to regulate another feature of that
business and particularly so, when the regu-
lation would be for the general public good.

It docs not seem out of the range of
possibility to declare that a law can be en-
acted whereby the employers can be legally
forced to set off a certain percentage of
their gross earnings toward establishing
and maintaining a ftmd for the pa3rment of
such claims. If this were done it would
become a fixed charge in operation and
could be provided for as other iixed charges
arc. It could also become a part of gov-
ernmental regulation and management, that
is, the government could take charge of
this ftmd and pay the awards as it pays its
pensioners and under very much the same
system.

Until the enactment of the Safety Appli-
ance law we had one law for the public
and another for the employe. If the Lia-
bility law is sustained there will be a great-
er equality established that will make all
persons eligible for damages for injuries
received. If it is not sustained there will
be the same unfair conditions as we have
had them.

This question of the right of legal action
has become now so well established that if
the law is declared tmconstitutional there
will be a better opportunity for State legis-
lation and for a constitutional amendment
guaranteeing the right of the employe to
the enjoyment of the same protection that
is allowed to every other person.

A national compensation act could be
firmly established if the workers gave their
attention to a concentrated demand for its
enactment. The people of this country are
fair-minded, as a rule, and if the great
slaughter roll incident to business opera-
tion were realized we believe it would not
take long to create a demand for compensa-
tk>n for injuries and deaths that could not
be ignored.

Railway employment does not represent
the only dangerous occupation, but in
writing we refer to it because it is closer

to our readers and consequently of greater
personal interest.

Without referring to the figures as they
affect any one else we take the death and
disability list of the members of the Broth-
erhood of Railroad Trainmen to show the
terrible loss of life and limb incident to
railway operation, which makes easy a per-
sonal deduction of what it means to the
families of the men who have been cut oft
from providing for their families.

We have 87,000 members on our rolls.
Each year one out of every 58 of these men
receives his disability claim, or his family
is paid the amoimt of his insurance policy,
by this organization. The Brotlierhood is
paying out close to a million and a half
each year for these deaths and disabilities.
The other railway organizations are pay-
ing to their beneficiaries amounts in pro-
portion to their membership and insurance
policies held by the members. It is safe to
say that it takes $5.000,(»00.00 each year to
meet the insurance expenses of all of the
railroad organizations. This amount looks
large and its power to tide over the needs
of the afP.icted appears to be without limit

But, remember, this represents the com-
bined amounts and it is divided among
many thousands of claimants scattered over
the United States and Canada, who receive
their injuries one at a time and the acci-
dent is looked upon as merely an incident
of the business. Individually, the casualty
list does not appeal to any one except the
injured and his family; collectively the list
is appalling and shows the need for correc-
tive methods of railway operation that will
insure safety and in addition it calls for the
enactment of legislation that will insure a
living to the totally disabled and the fami-
lies of the deceased.

As a rule, the employe, or his family, has
little beyond the fraternal insurance car-
ried. His wages will not permit him to
indulge in costly insurance propositions,
and again, if he could, there are very few
insurance associations that will accept him
because the risk of his employment is too
great for their business.

The insurance of the railway organiza-
tions does go a long way toward helping
the disabled or the families of the deceased,

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

but it docs not insure a continuous living
for either. If a beneficiary possesses excep-
tional business judgment, he may start
something that will pay him enough to en-
able him to live. A number of beneficiaries
have entered business successfully but a
greater number have not They are without
business training and cannot carry on busi-
ness by dumb luck alone.

But, this is not the question. We main-
tain that if the employer kills or maims an
employe he ought to pay for it Assump-
tion of risk and professional risk do not
cover the question except in a legal sense
and there ought to be something in law
that would afford a living for all who by
nature of their disabilities are deprived of
an opporttmity to earn it

Transportation companies accept the de-
mand of the public for indemnity as a mat-
ter of course. Millions of dollars are paid
each year to satisfy claimants who have
been injured or killed in railway wrecks.
But, how many dollars have been paid out
to tmployes on these same trains who are
mjured through no fault of their own?
Not so many.

Until the Liability Law is firmly estab-
lished the prevailing custom says to the
empioy*;, "The law docs not hold the em-
ployer responsible for injuries or deaths
not directly caused by his own act The
fellow servant is not the employer and if
he errs to the injury or death of his fellow
employe, the employer cannot be made to
pay for it It was the result of his profes-
sion and he assumed the risk."

The fellow servant doctrine was estab-
lished hundreds of years ago when em-
ployment was all hand labor and the dan-
ger of being injured by a fellow servant
was remote. But the hand tools have given
way to dangerous appliances, the ox cart
has given way before the locomotive and
the ten mile a day journey has given way
to the 1,000 mile run within 18 hours.
These are a few comparisons that show
the growth of employment, the unfairness
of the fellow servant doctrine and the ne-
cessity for provision insuring the employe
a right to live if injured and impossible to
earn his living. The same rule applies to
the families of the deceased.

England, where the law was established,
has abolished it and the employer must
pay. If a German brakeman loses an arm
he receives a moderate pension and, in
France, Austria, Germany, Italy, England
and Switzerland the employer must pay for
damages received. Each has adopted "A
Workmen's Compensation Act"

In this connection we quote from Alan
Fox who, in The World To-Day, said :

In thus compelling an employer to pay
compensation in every case, the law is not
holding him liable for injury he did not
cause. Society is not arbitrarily trasferring
loss from poor workman to rich employer:
it is distributing a loss necessarily incident
to an industry among all those who benefit
by the industry. If the owners of a steel
mill are compelled to give compensation to
the crippled steel worker, the corporation
recoups itself by a slight increase in the
price of steel and the suffering of the work-
man is thus relieved at the expense of the
consumers of steel rails. The owner of a
Michigan lumber mill sets aside a yearly
amount for loss by fire, for the wear and
tear on machinery. Such fixed charges are
reckoned as part of the cost of manufactur-
ing the lumber. Why should not that mill
owner charge off another sum for acci-
dents to his human machinery, and make
this charge also one item in fixing the sell-
ing price of lumber? The New York Cen-
tral Railroad paid several million dollars
to passengers injured in the tunnel disaster.
This sum is charged to the operating ex-
pense account, and the traffic bears the bur-
den. Why should not the Central pay
money to the employes injured in that same
collision and charge that loss also to the
operating expense of the road? In any in-
dustry, be it railroad, mine, or factory, the
indemnification of injured workmen should
be a normal item in the cost of operation.
But would not this indemnification in-
volve too vast a burden upon industry?
European experience tends to show that it
would not True, the employer would be
compelled to pay money in a far greater
number of cases than at present, but the
sum which he must pay for each injury
would not be left to the caprice of a sym-
pathetic jury, but would be a moderate

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amount, fixed by law, on an exact scale.
In England it is $500 to $1,500, according
to the grade of the workman, for loss of
life, and a smaller sum for loss of leg or
arm. In the present state of our American
law, when recovery of damages is allowed,
a $5,000 verdict is not unusual.

And then there is the saving in litigation
costs. So long as the only way by which
the employe can recover damages for in-
jury is by proving the negligence of the
employer, the employer is at great expense
in defending countless suits, eighty per. cent
of which, it is estimated, are withoiit foun-
dation, and rely upon manufactured evi-
dence, lying witnesses, and prejudiced jur-
ies. Under universal compensation, this
class of litigation is almost swept from the
courts, for since the employer must pay
irrespective of his negligence, there is no
longer necessity of expensive jury trials to
test such negligence.

Europe's experience tends to show that
the saving to employers in litigation costs
added to the saving in the amount to be
paid for each injury almost makes up the
additional cost of granting compensation in
all cases. And every penny the employer
is called upon to pay goes direct to alleviate
the suffering of his workmen, and is not
diverted into the itching palm of the acci-
dent attorney. The financial loss from imi-
versal compensation will fall chiefly upon
those whose fortunes swell as accident liti-
gation grows.

As yet no American state has wished to
be the first to adopt the new principle.
Each state fears that if it first adopts the
new law, it might so increase the cost of
production as to put manufacturers at a
disadvantage as against competitors in an-
other state. This objection might be
weighty but for the hiitorical tendency of
reform in one state to be taken up eagerly
by every state till it becomes common over

the whole country. In spite of a similar
fear of increasing the burden upon home
industries. New York and Massachusetts
enacted laws for the abolition of unsani-
tary conditions in factories, long hours, and
child labor. The proposed compensation is
a part of such industrial legislation and
once initiated by an influential state wouid
soon be adopted by all states."

Mr. Fox has discussed the question from
the view-point of separate State laws and
without reference to a general act, but in
his closing argument the necessity for such
legislation is shown. We believe that "No
State will ever take the position*of increas-
ing the expenses of its industries above
such expenses in other States." It could
not afford to do so, for if it did the indus-
tries that could get away would move to
other States where such legislation was not
in effect

The moving of a part of the cotton busi-
ness from the New England States to the
Southern States is proof of this contention.
The majority of them moved South to
escape the application of labor laws and
they were promised that no such laws
would be enacted. The cotton manufac-
turing States have kept their word thus far,
but public opinion is slowly coming to the
rescue of the employes.

The JouENAi, believes that a National
Compensation Act can be passed and estab-
lished as good law if the people want it.
It believes the demand for such a law is
fair and just It cannot understand where
the employer has a right to demand the
lives and limbs of his employes unless he
is willing to pay for them just as he pays
fire insurance or any other necessary fixetf
charge. It hopes that the Brotherhood of
Railroad Trainmen will be among the first
of the labor organizations to demand the
enactment cf such a law to apply to rail-
way employment

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70 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Wage Agreements.

The majority of working men who have terms of an agreement made by their rep-

their wages and working conditions ar- resentatives must keep that agreement as

ranged through their labor organizations, long as it is effective and it must not be

by virtue of the trade agreement, do not repudiated to satisfy the demands of any

fully appreciate what that contra; •; means one. The men have agreed to do certain

to them. things for certain wages until a certain

To regard it strictly as a business mat- time. If their word is worth anything, if

ter, as they would any other contract obli- they can hope to be accepted as reliable

gation, is not a part of their understanding, and willing to stand by their agreements

It seems to be the general impression that they must perform that service. If they

a wage agreement is binding only upon the will not, then why should they ask for

employer and that the employe can do as another contract later on? What purpose

he pleases about keeping it. would there be back of it?

This applies particularly in cases where During the A. R. U. excitement we had

one set of employes sees fit to leave the one division tied up because two members

service of the employer regardless of cer- of the A. R. U. quit and called all the rest

tain fixed rules to which they have freely "scabs" because they did not go out with

sitbscribed, but who ignore them because them. They went until they came to their

it appears advantageous to do so. Those senses. We had one line working under

who are left seem to feel that it is not right the best agreement we had ever secured

for them to remain or perform service up to that time and it was thrown down to

until the affairs of the disgruntled are set- follow off a few agitators who called

tied. They make themselves believe they are "scab" before they quit. All the employes

"scabs" if they adhere to their own agree- went along. There has never been recog-

ment. This statement applies particularly nition of this organization on that system

where there are two organizations at work since. The men proved their unreliability

for the same property. One of them has and they are paying for it.

made an agreement for all the men in the A labor organization must build for all

service. That it had a majority goes as a time. It is not for today only but for to-

part of that contract, for a minority could morrow, and if it is to live it must build

not make an agreement effective unless the today so that it can rest upon its founda-

majorit}' subscribed to it. Certain provi- tioa

sions have been included in the agreement The trade agreement, the right to rep-
that provide for its change or nullification, restentation and the advantages of organi-
The class of employes not a regufer party zation appeal to every man who works for
to the contract may decide to leave the wages. If he is fair, then, he will not hesi-
service and demand that all other em- tate to undertake his part of the trade
ployes follow it under penalty of being agreement even though it means the cen-
"placed on the unfair list" In their de- sure of his fellows who arc ready to break
cision rests the stability of the contracting it for temporary advantage,
organization. Its members have agreed to Our members must not think that the
do certain things for certain remuneration. Brotherhood is the only organization that
They made the contract in good faith, as takes this view of the matter. Some of
they make every other obligation protected them seem to feel that an agreement is an
by legal enactment, and while it is an agreement for the government of the em-
agreement of honor, it must be kept just ployer only, but if they are to mamtain
as inviolate as if it were hedged about with their reputation as business men doing
the heaviest penalties for its non-enforce- business with every regard for keeping
ment. their business obligations they must ad-

This means that the men who accept the here to their agreements, ^ j

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 71

The Iron Moulders' loumal has said: as if given individually. Contracts signed

"Thit most successful trade unions today in one branch of the industry have been

are those who believe in trade agreements, held inviolate even if another branch was

and who furthermore believe in maintain- engaged in a strike. The Longshoremen's

ing a discipline so effective that no mem- Association is an 'industrial' union, but it

ber, or group of members, can violate them will not tolerate sympathetic strikes where

with impunity." agreements exist."

The Journal of Labor has said: "When , '^'^ Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen

a union is conducted on conservative lines •>" "«<'* contracts that were 'jumped' by

it always has the respect and good wishes «**f^, organizations. Whenever it was

of the pubUc but let the men who act too »»«•'''* ^^'^ *«" ^'"^^^"^ ^* ^°"*''^*'*

hastily obtain control and their adminis- *»' *' '"«»'"" *"* l™*""** '^"*'

tration will meet the disapproval of the "^^^ "l"* ."<" abandon their agreements

real union men and bring condemnation *''"' °r^*^«5 \^? ^' *>"* *«y *«« "K^t

upon the entire labor movement" m standing by their contracts and tiie men

who demanded they repudiate them were

Lake Grant, writing of the Longshore- asking for another agreement for them-

mcn's Union, said: "What is the secret of selves. What could there be in such an

the success of the Longshoremen's Asso- agreement if it were made and what as-

ciation? No doubt much of it is due to the surances could the men give the employer

executive ability of the officers and the it would be kept?

^Icndid discipline which prevails through- The trade agreement is a business prop-
out This discipline, which is unequaled osition and it must be regarded as such,
by that of any other union of unskilled The men who demand that an organization
workers in the country, has made possible repudiate its laws and agreements for the
a strict adherence to trade agreements, purpose of falling in line and assisting
which in turn has given employers* confi- them to make another agreement surely
dence in the organization. If a local vio- would not make such an agreement and
lates an agreement, the punishment is swift tell the employer that it was not binding
and sure. In some instances the Interna- upon the men in any sense. Yet, this is
tional has not only revoked the charter of what certain associations have demanded
the offending local, but has actually placed that this Organization do, as the history of
other union men at work in the places of our relations with the American Railway
tiie strikers. A few such lessons go far Union, the United Brotherhood of Railway
to impress on union men the fact that Employes and the Switchmen's Union have
tiieir word given collectively is as sacred demonstrated

The Educational Problem.

There is certain to be a change in the about little things but had a knowledge of

educational system as it is the vogue in the more important questions stored away

the greater number of the schools. There has for the time when he was to take his place

been a disposition to wander from the es- as a wage worker.

tablished three "R's" of our fathers into It may be unfair to condemn the entire

fields remote, where studies that sound more plan of education for the sake of eliminat-

pretentious, and mean less practically, are in ing a few studies that are of questionable

force. It may be a bit old fashioned, and value, and it is not a part of our argument

prejudiced to some extent, but we must that everything taught that is outside of the

confess that the system of education does three fundamentals is useless, for it is not.

not kx>k as practical, or beneficial, as it did It must be confessed, however, that very

\ years ago, when the student knew less many studies of the present are simply

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72 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

destroyers of time, and without possibility We are all working to keep the child

of benefiting one student out of a thousand from employment until he is at least sixteen

after he enters into his life's work. The years of age. If the pupil is fortunate

thing to do, then, would be to arrange enough to keep going after that time he

school work for the greatest benefit to the can be allowed to indulge the fancy of his

majority of students. We know that the teachers and take up languages and bugs

average school life ends at fourteen and, and other things that *'theoreticall/' will

takuig this as a basis for calculation, it will be of greater advantage to him whoi he

be seen that there is little excuse for settles down as an everyday wage earner,

much waste time that is thus lost in follow- with a growing family on his hands. But,

ing fads and fancies of the so-called ad- first of all let us have a school system that

vanced teachers. will teach the boy and girl what is needed in

We feel safe in saying that much time is everyday life,
now lost to the boy and girl in the begin- In this connection there arises the in-
ning of school life because, instead of learn- quiry, what shall be taught in addition to
ing the necessary things, they are com- the solid studies that will help men and
pellcd to devote their time to questions they women through life. The answer invar-
now can not understand, and perhaps never iably is, there must be something that will
wilL It is not even pretended that there prepare the pupil for wage earning when
will be anj'thing like a finished study of be commences to work. Let him be taught
these fancy subjects. The idea is to give <some useful occupation in the later years of
the child a rudimentary knowledge of cer- his schooling. Trades are suggested and
tain things. A rudimenUry idea of spell- elemenUry study of stenography, business
ing, mathematics, reading, granunar and forms, millinery, dressmaking and office
history will start the boy or girl off with a work for the boys and girls, naturally come
better educational foundation than either to the front as necessary for all of those
will ever have by studying "Science of who expect to take their places among the
This or That," languages, and the like, to wage earners.

the neglect of the studies essential to every- Trade unions have in some instances pro-
day work. tested against the trade school, but there is

We have had writing teachers run their too much demand from the union parents
"vertical" course, and now plain business of children to have their children taught
has decreed that if the applicant cannot something practical and useful to longer
write the old style Spencerian he is not ignore it Trades unionists, themselves, in-
needed. The business of today has no time sist that their children learn some trade;
to wait for the slow, upright style that was they have a right to live and it is a personal
taught with such pains because some learned question for each one to consider,
one detided that it must be the thing. There are few pupils coming from school
Others have declared for a certain style of today who arc fitted to undertake work that
spelling. We see in that more of an excuse requires the careful attention of a fair edu-
for further assaults on regulation spelling cation. The pupil has covered the ground
than much of anything else. Fonetic spell- as far as years go, but his studies are far
ing would never do. If you want to learn away from his work. There is little to
where that would land us, listen to the apply, and as a result the student suffers,
talk in any party with whom you happen A lead pencil and a pompadour will not
to be, and then defend fonetic spelling if make a stenographer, and yet there arc
yon dare. If the people spelled the way thousands of parents taking their children
they talk, Babel would have been a small out of school at a very young age to study
affair in comparison. The dropping of un- stenography. They never succeed, for they
necessary letters is another matter, but have noting with which to start, and so
fonetic spelling, even as pronounced if it is with all the notions that are grounded
spelled by Carnegie himself would be a in imaginations, fads and fancies, rather
wonderful affair in places. ^lan in the good, old practical studies that

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were taught the men and women of today
when they were children. They had some-
thing with which to commence life and on
which to baild.

Every parent ought to pay close atten-
tion to the school work of his children. The
studies should be the question for home
study, and if they are not practical, the

parent ought to object and lend his influ-
ence toward the adoption of others that
will come in handy in every-day, wage-earn-
ing practice. Let the children learn Eng-
lish first and so on with the other neces-
sary branches. If there is time then the
other '^sttifiP' can follow to round out the
sum of fducational accomplishments.

Trainmen Denounced By Hawley.

An associated press dispatch was sent out
at the time the National Convention of
the American Federation of Labor was in
session, and was given a great deal of
circulation by members of the Switchmen's
Union, who used it to show that the
Federation had allied itself with the Switch-
men against the Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen. It read:

Minneapolis, Minn.

Nov. 21st, 1906.

"John Mitchell, President of the United
Mine Workers, presided over the session
of the American Federation of Labor, at
which the Brotherhood of Railwav Train-
men was denounced as a 'strike breaking'
organization, and resolutions were adopted
reoognizing the sovereignty of the Switch-
men's Union of North America as having
complete jurisdiction over all railroad
yards and switching crews."

The facts in the case are these: The
Switchmen's Union affiliated with the
American Federation of Labor. It was
represented at the Federation Convention
by its Grand Master, and one other dele-
gate. They had eighty-one votes, which
fixes their membership at eighty-one hun-
dred members, the voting power t>eing one
vote for each hundred members represent-
ed This ought to be of some interest, in
so far as it fixes the membership of the
Switchmen's Union beyond controversey.

Mr. Hawley introduced Resolution No.
150, which read as follows:

Resolution No. 150. By Delegate Haw-
ley, of tiie Switchmen's Union of North
America :

Whereas, The Switchmen's Union of
North America is a trade union, repre-
senting the men employed in iht hazardous
Qocttpattoo of •witching cart; and

Whereas, The said union is affiliated
with this great body, the American Federa-
tion of Labor, and, therefore, entitled to its
protection; and

Whereas, The Brotherhood of Railway
Trainmen, which is an industrial organiza-
tion, is trying to annihilate the Switchmen's
Union by means, which can scarcely be
termed honorable; therefore, be it

Resolved, That we pledge our loyal and
earnest support to the Switchmen's Union
in its effopts to improve the conditions of
the Switchmen; and, be it further

Resolved, That we insist on the Brother-
hood of Railway Trainmen ceasing its at-
tacks on the Switchmen's Union; and, be
it further

Resolved, That the American Federation
of Labor, here assembled, recognize the
Switchmen's Union as the only organization
legally representing the Switchmen, and hay
ing jurisdiction over the railroad yards of
this country.

The resolution was referred to the com-
mittee on organizations, which • was pre-
sided over by John Mitchell, President of
the United Mine Workers. The resolution,
as it came from the committe read as fol-
lows:

Whereas, The Switchmen's Union of
North America is a trade union, r^resent-
ing the men employed in the hazardous oc-
cupation of switching cars; and

Whereas, The said Union is affiliated
with this great body, the American Feder-
ation of Labor, and, therefore, entitled to
its protection; and

Resolved, That we pledge our loval and
earnest support to the Switchmens' Union
in its efforts to improve the conditions of
the Switchmen, and, be it further

Resolved, That the American Federa-
tion of Labor, here assembled, recognize the
Switchmen's Union as the only organiza-
tion legally representing the Switchmen, and
having jurisdiction over the railroad yards
q{ this cottfiti7* j^~^ T

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74 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

This show* that the Federation, itself, did tion, for it admits men of diflFcrcnt occu-

not denounce the Brotherhood of Railroad pations.

Trainmen. The resolution is simply the The fact that there was never an ex-
expression of the Federation, and is noth- cuse for an organization of that kind should
ing more or less than what was guaranteed have appealed to the Federation itself, when
to the Switchmen's Union when it joined the difference in yard membership in the
the American Federation of Labor, whose two organizations was known. The Switch-
right to decide the "legal" status of the men's Union, according to its own state-
question is not recognized by the B. of R. T. ments, had on October 1st of this year

The denunciation mentioned in the dis- eighty-one hundred members of all kinds,
patches was merely a speech made by Grand The Brotherhood of Railroad Trammen on
Master Hawley against the Brotherhood of that same date had approximately twenty-
Railway Trainmen ^^^^ thousand of its members actively en-

The fact of affiliation made it incumbent 8»f *» '« ** f^'''*^ ^^'- ,^ ^

on the Federation to pass a resolution of T^"'^;'!f **** twenty-three thousand

this kind, but it has no more weight with men that they must go over, or submU to

the Brotherhood of Railroad Trammen than the junsd.ct.on of the e.gh^-one hundred

, J I *: .,« I. K„ ^♦u^^ r.^^^ with all courtesy to the A. F. of L., is not

former declarations made by other organ- , ...... i. ^ ^t_•
. ,. , , . to be considered by the members of this
izations have had. . . ''
, „ . , , organization.

We have been "resolved' against by the y^r^ ^„^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^

American Railway Union, the United ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^j ^^ ^^^-^^ ^^ prejudice

Brotherhood of Railway Employes, the In- ^j^^^ ^^^ ^^^^j^,^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ j^^^^„^

dustrial Workers of the Worid and the Convention of the American Federation of

Switchmen's Union, not to mention severa La^^ jj^^^^^^ ^j^,, p^^^„^^ ^^ 3^^^ 4^,.

other associations of smaller caliber still erance to what he had to say. The fact that

we have gone ahead and organized the his resolution was not accepted, and that the

yards, as we were doing, before either of resolution passed by the Convention had

the aforementioned unions came mto being. ^^^^^ ^^^^ .^ ^^^^ ^,^^^ ^^ denunciation

It is unnecessary to state that, while we leveled against the Brotherhood of Rail-
have the utmost respect for the American road Trainmen, should be evidence to our
Federation of Labor, we cannot consent own members that the attacks of the Grand
to pay any attention to its resolution, giv- Master of the Switchmen's Union were not
ing the Switchmen the right to yard juris- taken seriously by the Convention of the
diction. Federation.

The Switchmen's Union attempted to bol- We believe that there are too many offi-
ster up its excuse for living by going to cers and prominent members of the allied
the American Federation of Labor, and ap- unions in the Federation, who know the
pealing to it in the hope that something Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, and its
might be done for it against the B. of R. T. real purposes, to permit that body to consent
It referred to the B. of R. T. as an "indus- to take action that is not justified by any-
trial" organization and itself as a trade thing more substantial than the prejudiced
union. The S. U. is an industrial organiza- appeals of the Switchmen's Union.

Improved Conditions In Railroad Service.

The closing of 1906 brought increased were, in effect, assured very early in 1907.

wages to almost every railway employe in It is hardly necessary to assert that these

the transportation ser\'ice. If such in- increases were brought about wholly

creases were not already granted they through the labor organizations on the

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 76

railway systems and opened the way for wonderfully the property has progressed

increases in almost every industry in the under James J. Hill's management He

country. now makes every freight train do the work

Wages that are paid to our railway em- that two trains did five years ago. He has

ployes are not at all high. The exceptional increased the average trainload from a

abiUty demanded for the performance of hundred and eighty to three hundred and

duty, the dangers incident to employment sixty-five tons. The year he came into

and exposure to the elements, form a com- control Burlington trains traveled nineteen

bination that ought to be well paid for. million miles in order to move 3,350 million

These things taken into consideration along tons of freight one mile. This last year

with the wages paid, go to show that even they traveled only seventeen and one-third

with the recent increases that wages are """»<>« miles and moved 6,348 million tons

not excessive and in fact are not commen- <>"« mile. Ahnost any layman can under-

suratc with the demands of the service. 5^^"^ what this means in the way of in-

. .' , 11 • ^ ^ *u / * creased economy of operation.

American employers all pomt to the fact ^ *^

that American wages arc the highest in "^"* *^« P"^^*^ ^^ 8^^t little benefit from

the world. They could with equal truth »*• ^he decrease in freight and passenger

pomt to the fact that American wages pos- ""^tes combined has been but slight. This

sess the lowest purchasing power in the ^^st year, excluding some extraordinary

world. Wages have increased but so has mamtenance charges, the road earned

the earning capacity, of the employe for fifteen P^^^* ^^nt. on its capital stock, against

the employer, increased and that too far about six per cent, before the Hill-Morgan

beyond the wage increases. purchase.

Mr. Hill, of the Great Northern, and "The rate-law contemplates that charges
other railways, is quoted as having said shall produce a fair and reasonable return
that the average train crew on his rail- npon the investment. No investor in Bur-
way lines handles more than seven Hngton securities now gets or can get more
times the tonnage handled by the average than a fair and reasonable return. He can
train crew of any European line. For this Ret about four per cent. Hill, Morgan and
seven times greater result the American associates took the hundred millions of
railway employe does not receive seven Burlington stock and juggled it into two
times the wages of his European co- hundred millions of four per cent collate-
worker. He, also, has less to look forward ral trust bonds— thereby capitalizing and
to in the way of remuneration for injuries absorbing the advantages that Hill's supe-
received in the service and his wages have rior management would give to the road,
a greater purchasing power than the Shippers and travelers got little benefit.
American railway man's do. But even The investing public gets no benefit what-
with this difference the American railway ever. The benefit went to the persons who
man lives better, while he lives and works, participated in the stock conversion deal—
and he enjoys many advantages that his probably few in number. The collateral
European brother does not. trust bonds are now largely in the hands of

The railway lines have all told what innocent purchasers,
enormous additional expenses will come to "Stock-watering and security-juggling
them through this item of wage increases, are a very heavy handicap to 'fair and rea-
This is true, and measured by dividends, it sonable.' "

looks large, and it is large. But there is If railway lines, and other properties liv-
another side to this railway expense ac- ing on their dividends, were to do business
count, as it includes wages and dividends, on valuations that were based on expendi-
that the railway companies do not tell and tures only, there would be less stocks to
for the purpose of showing what it is, we eat up earnings and the earnings, therefore,
quote from Mr. George Horace Lorimer, would become "unreasonable." H all prop-
in tht- Saturday Evening Post, as follows: erties were free from water, the real eam-

.*The annual report of the Burlington ings would show what each dollar honestly
road,,- lately published, reminds one how invested was earning and there could not

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•je RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

be occasion for any complaint over the amount to about $1 a day. This is a differ*
heavy wage increases made to employes. ence.

Railway companies have shown a dis- Ja^ang the words of such men as Mr.
position to appreciate the necessity for Hill, and Mr, Wilson, as proof of what
some division of earnings with their em- wc say, we hold that cheap labor does not
ployes that would enable them to maintam produce anything like the labor of Ameri-
their standard of living threatened by in- can«- Measured by its product, American
creased living expenses. Other corpora- ^^^ »» the cheapest Compared with pro-
tions have followed with ten per cent, in- duction and purchasing power American
creases and all have joined in saying that ^^^ « the cheapest in the world, and,
increased wages have increased the cost therefore, American wages have not been
of living. rsponsible for increased price of living.

, . . .. ... We have economists a plenty who tell

It IS just as weU to remember that m- ^^ ^^ ^^^^ .^ ^^^^^ .^ increased wages,
creased prices brought forward the demand ^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^
for increased wages. Increased productive ^^.^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^y^^^ ^^ y^^ Hang onto
ability did not have one-half the influence ^.^ ^^^. ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^p ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^
in this direction that increased cost of liv- ^j,^ ^^^ j^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ .^^^^^
ing had. This may not have reached some ^^j^^ ^^^ ^.^j^^ „j^^,y on a trip to the
people yet, but we hope it will. ^^^^^ The earning capacity of every in-

The Secretary of Agriculture said not dustry must be pushed to the limit to meet
long ago that "One American farm hand the dividend demands of its watered stock,
produces more rice than four hundred Comers in products, monopolies of produc-
Chinamen." Chinese farm hands' wages tion and transportation, speculation in im-
run about 10 cents a day, and if the Ameri- aginary values and the power to hold the
can farm hand were paid in proportion to markets, have raised the price of living,
the Chinese farm hand he ought to receive It is the law of wages to rise when the
$40 a day. His average wages, with board, cost of living rises.

Proposed Legislative Interference With Canadian
Labor Organizations.

Senator McMullen of Canada, introduced case, appoint a person or persons to act as

an amendment to the Conciliation Act of conciliator or as a Board of Conciliation

1900, that embodies the same restrictions as (amended by adding the words) "but no

were included in the Lougheed Bill of 1903. person who is not a citizen of Canada and

This amendment has had its first reading a British subject shall be appointed."

and will have its second reading January Further amended by adding new section:

16th, 1907. The delay was caused by ad- "Every one is guilty of an offense and lia-

joumment over the holidays. ble on summary conviction to a fine notex-

The section in full, with the new words ceeding $100.00 who, not being a ciUzcn of

added, herewith follows: Canada, and a British subject, in any way

_ , A r. .. , ^ '1' » intervenes in a difference, whedier exist-

Paragraph 6. Section 4. Concl.aUon .„^ ^^ apprehended, between an ernplor^

^ or any class of employes and workmen, or

(c) On the application of Employers between different classes of workmen."
or Workmen, and after taking into consid- This means that international organiza-

eration the existence and adequacy of tions would not be permitted to enjoy the

means available for conciliatbn in the dis- protection of their general organizations,

trict or trade and the circumstances of the The words of the amendment are sot only

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

ai>plicable to interference on the ground, but
could be construed to mean that advice
given from any other country than Canada
would be illegal. This would mean that
an offcer of an organization who was a
citizen of Canada could not receive direc-
tions from his international organization,
and the effect of the amendment, if passed,
will be to divide the organizations of Can-
ada from those of every other country.

The effect of this amendment to our Can-
adian lodges will be understood by them be-
cause they have been over the ground be-
fore in opposing the Lougheed Bill in 190B.

We believe that the present amendment
is the result of the intervention of certain
officers of an international organization in
a recent strike. The courts declared their
participation unlawful, and to make doubly
certain, this amendment is now offered for
the purpose of weakening the Canadian or-
ganizations.

When this Bill was before Parliament in
1903 we had the following from Brother
James Murdock, Fourth Vice Grand Mas-
ter:

Several months ago an idea struck the
Senate of Canada that the best means to
do way with strikes woi^d be to pass a
law, providing that no alien could come
into Canada to counsel or incite men to

leave their employment In other words,
certain members of the Senate capital-
ly, appointed to their positions for life,
and consequently answerable to no one
for their actions, thought that if Canad-
ian workingmen could be forced to sever
their connection with international or-
ganizations their position would be weakT
ened to a great extent, and they would
not be as liable to assert their rights at
times when conditions warranted a with-
drawal from service. While hiding their
intentions behind a pretense of acute pa-
triotism, they proposed to take away the
rights we have as British subjects, and
which they claim themselves, namely, to
employ whom we will as counsel and to
advise us when occasion requires.

The explanations and arguments then
made by Brother Murdock are applicable to
this amendment for it practically covers the
same ground as the Lougheed Bill attempt-
ed to cover.

Our Canadian members are cautioned to
take due notice of this proposed amend-
ment and to get before Parliament with
their objections at once. This is a matter
that cannot be deferred, and every lodge is
v.rged to take prompt action to support
Brother Hall in his opposition to the propo-
sition.

Yard Settlements,

We knew very well when the yard set-
tlements were made that the Switchmen's
Union would do all it could to take credit
for having made settlement Their meth-
ods were as usual, "Switchmanesque" and
consisted principally in doping press rep-
resentatives and having their statements
printed Then after the misinformation was
published, they had copies of it made and
sent out to prove that the Switchmen's
Union had delivered the goods. Remember
that this same publicity plan was itsed to
show the "One Cent" headway the Swit«h-
men's Union made at Buffalo.

This was done more throughout the west-
em country than elsewhere, for in the ter-

ritory east of Chicago tlie yards are too
close together to allow such statements to
have weight, but where the yards are
further apart, a news report coming from
Cleveland, PitJtsburg or Buffalo, stating that
the Switchmen's Union held contracts for
all of the yards, has misled some persons
into believing that the S. U. really had ac-
complished something.

The plain unvarnished truth is, "the
Switchmen's Union has done nothing but
make a noise. It did not seatre one cent for
any one. /( accepted what the Sub Com-
mittee, representing the Brotherhood, se-
cured as the rate for the Chicago territory,
after the S, U, committee had agreed to

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

take three cents per hour and its com-
mittees returned to work. After the rate
was fixed by the B. of R. T., one of the
S. U. Grand Lodge Officers hurried out
after their men, got them into the offices,
and accepted what the Trainmen had set-
tled for. This is all there is to it. Not a
r-'^ingle concession was made to the Switch-
men's Union committee, except the one
cent an hour at Buffalo, until the Brother-
hood made its request for increased wages."

The Switchmen's Union did, as it claims,
' get in first It also came out l^st
' There were a few individual yards where
the S. U. had the membership; there were
two roads where the majority of the yards
were S. U. yards, but they did ndt fix the
rate for even these yards or roads. They
took what the Brotherhood fixed as the
rate.

The S. U. endeavored to force the B. of
R. T. to give up contracts that were legally
made, bvit they failed. The S. U. commit-
tees on certain lines grabbed at anything
offered, and il the B. of R. T. had not in-
terfered and saved the rate, the yardmen
in some yards would be working for 2
cents an hour less than they now receive.
This is S. U. diplomacy that the yard men
are told is for their benefit

Including the Chicago settlement, which
fixed the basis for all other settlements, the
following roads have been placed tmder the
new nte. or better. These systems here-
in mentioned have included all of thtir
yards in the new rate. These increases run
as high as 9 cents per hour for certain
roads, New York Central for instance,

(compare this with one cent for Buffalo
yards made by the S. U.) and none of
them is below the established rate of in-
crease. Included are Chicago, Pittsburg,
St. Louis, Kansas City, Omaha and Qeve-
land yards, with other large centers on the
way to settlement.

The roads that have been settled for are :
G. H. & H., C. B. & Q., S. P., Atlantic &
Pacific Systems, Terminal R. R. Associa-
tion of St. Louis, M. K. & T., Frisco, C. P.
& St. L., Texas & Pacific, Missouri Pacific,
Union Pacific, New York Central, L. S. &
M. S., A. T. & S. R, C. & N. W., C. M. &
St. P., Colorado & Southern, Wabash, C. &
A., Grand Trunk, (Giicago) Wisconsin
Central, I. & G. N., Illinois Central, South-
em, (St L. L. Lines) D. & R. G., Mich-
igan Central, (East) (S. U. West) Rock
Island, S. U. and part of Lackawanna S.
U. These settlements followed the fixing
of the rate at Chicago by Grand Master
Morrissey and the Sub Committee, whose
photograph is shown on page 2 of this
issue.

We realize that the S. U. is going to do
everything it can to make the yard men be-
lieve that it secured these rates of pay.
Where the S. U. is making itself believe
the Union did something elswhere it knows
it did not do anything in its own particular
vicinity. It did not establish the new rate.
It broke in, made a noise like a labor or-
ganization, but the real men came along,
delivered the goods, and the Switchmen's
Union is handed the result as a Christmas
present from the Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen,

To Get The Cost Of Living.

The cost of living is the great questbn
now before everybody, and there are sev-
eral propositions before the public, all in-
tended to establish the exact cost of a fair
living so that the wage-worker may know
how close his earning capacity- comes to
satisfying his needs as a consumer.

One prominent authority has said that
"we are too vain; that we demand fancy

packages for our goods, special deliveries,
etc.," all of which have increased the cost
of living beyond a reasonable figure.

We know better than that. We, who
live in the same house, buy the same neces-
saries and follow the same old bent, know
that the rent has gone up, thaft coal, flour,
groceries and other provisions have gone
up, that clothing and the like have gone up,

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

and that when we compare the purchasing
power of what is paid today with the pur-
chasing power of what was paid fifteen
years ago, we are not any better off and,
in some instances, not so well off as then.

How much had the average American
family ought to have to assure it a fair
living is the question. There are different
standards of living, some of which can not
properly be called fair. They arc of the
lowest and cheapest order regardless of
what the class so living may earn. It is
with the average, well inclined and com-
fortable class that we have to deal, not the
extremes at either end.

Some years ago John Mitchell said that
not less than $600 a year was necessary to
a fair living, but since his statement was
made there has been an increase in living ex-
penses that will naturally raise his estimate.

It is generally conceded that the laborer
has a right to a "family livmg wage," The
question now is, what does a living wage
include? In the first place there ought al-
ways to be considered the added demands
made necessary by development. What did
once will not answer now. As the world
developed from the primitive order of affairs
and took to itself the benefits of invention,
it was natural that all of the people should
share in that progress. Their comforts
increased, and as they developed mentally
their social demands increased, and quite
properly, too, for if they had not and there
was no market for what was produced,
there would have been no progress. It is
the people who maintain the markets and,
therefore, it is proper to take into consid-
eration in this discusion the question of
development as it applies to a living wage.

To make composite answer to the ques-
tion, "what does a living wage mean?" we
quote, '^he minimum livelihood guaranteed
should mean the power of physical exist-
ence, marriage, separate homes, insurance
against sickness and death, old age and
accident, access to libraries and schools,"
or to exactly sum it up, "it shall be sufficient
to maintain an average family in a manner
consistent with whatever the contemporary
local civilization recognizes as indispen-
sable to physical and mental health, as re-
quired by the rational self-respeet of human

beings." This all settled, thus far, how
much must be earned to get it?

It is proposed to make a wide investiga-
tion, covering the entire United States, for
the purpose of finding out just what the
question means, for there are no facts or
figures at hand to answer the que^ion. This
is the outcome of a meeting of settlement
workers at New York, some months ago.
The question came up during a dinner at
which five social workers were present, and
they made out a list of the essentials for
a normal ^andard of life. These were shel-
ter, food and drink, clothing, light and fuel,
furniture and furnishings, car fares, inci-
dental expenses, recreation, provision for
sickness, accident and dental care, savings
and insurance. All five had more than or-
dinary knowledge of the cost of these things
in New York City, but, when the total was
figured, they gazed at one another in as-
tonishment and concluded that something
must be wrong with the figures. They took
as the social unit a man, wife and three
children under working age and found that
the necessary living expenses of such a
family amounted to $931 a year, which re-
quires a wage of $3.10 a day for the 300
working days of the year.

Distrusting these figures, they submitted i
the question, without stating their own
findings, to sixteen of the ablesit social
workers in New York. Six of these work-
ers sent in an estimate of $942 a year.
One each sent in $1,409, $1,403, $1,394, $1,-
078, $986, $901, 900 and 979, and two sent
$768. The last two made no allowance for
medical services, furniture, furnishings, sav-
ings or insurance.

"It was found that no exact information
existed on this subject No government
tables exist which are based on given units
and definite localities. No charitable so-
ciety had any definite figures to offer. Miss
Caroline Goodyear, of the New York Char-
ity Organization Society, was detailed to
make as adequate an investigation as pos-
sible, the results of which were presented
at the Rochester meeting. ' Her investiga-
tion was among families who are receiving
charity, whose mode of life is under the
inspection and criticism of charity agents,
and who are, therefore, Ihring at the low-

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est possible notch. She visited a hundred
such families, itemized their actual ex-
penses, and then made estimates of what
these expenses should be in order to pre-
serve a normal standard of life.

For instance, she found Mrs. H., a widow
with three children, earning $5 a week and
receiving aid. Mrs. H. actually spent $2.89
a week for food for four persons. This al-
lowed no tea, coffee, butter or fruit, and
all the supplies were of inferior grade.
Miss Goodyear estimated that to keep her
family decently nourished and avoid illness
the woman should have spent at least $4.54
a week for food. This would allow the fol-
lowing menu: Meat, 56 cents; bread, 56
cents ; crackers or macaroni, 8 cents ; flour,
10 cents; cereals, 12 cents; milk, $1.05; but-
ter 4 cents; tea or coffee, 12 cents; sugar,
21 cents ; dry beans or peas, 8 cents ; pota-
toes, 25 cents; other vegetables, 50 cents;
fruit, 25 cents. The complete expenditures
for this family for one year. Miss Goodyear
thinks, should be at least the following:
Rent, four rooms, $16 a month, $192; food,
$4.50 a week, $234; ice, 5 cents a day for
four months, $6; clothing, $121.73; fuel and
light, $44; car fares, 60 cents a week for the
wage-earner, $31.20 ; insurance, $15.60 ; inci-
dentals, $60; total, $704.53, or $13.55 a
week.

To get this estimate. Miss Goodyear ex-
amined all sorts of prices in New York.
Rent, she found, was $4 a month a room for
flats of Ave rooms and less. This allows no
heat, bath or private hall, and necessitates
careful choice to get rooms that are in de-
cent condition as to light, sanitation and
repair. She considers that a decent stand-
ard of life cannot be maintained unless
there is at least one room besides the
kitchen which is not used as a sleeping
room.

As to clothing, when everything is bought
new and readymade at sweatshop prices,
she considers that it costs $28.74 a year to
dress a boy in knee pants, $45.80 for a boy
in long trousers, $27.43 for a girl in short
dresses, and $10.70 additional for a girl in
long dresses. When the mother can make
clothing, bargain sharply and mend dili-
gently the cost can be reduced perhaps 16
per cent for girls and 8 per cent for the

boys. But this is not possible when the
mother herself is a wage-earner.

She found some families in which the
younger children never had a new gar-
ment, all being made over by the mother
from the clothing of the adults, but the
poor quality of the material m the first
place renders making over hardly worth
while. The greatest clothing problem is the
shoes. The common price for children's
school shoes is $1.25 a pair, and <hey come
to mending in three weeks. Miss Goodyear
considers that, with mending, it costs $10 a
year to keep each child shod.

She made her estimate of $60 a year for
"incidentals" from the expenditures for
one month in this line of a French family
of five, living carefully and decently on
$15 a week. For the means to keep dean,
soap, bluing and so on, they spent in one
month 50 cents; for the barber, 60 cents;
for sewing materials, thread, buttons, and
so on, 3d cents; medicine, 60 cents; for
necessary furnishings, matches, clothespins
and so on, including $1.69 for a gas stove,
$3.40; total, $5,48. The slovenly condition
of the homes of the poor, commonly sot
down to laziness, is actually due in many
cases, says Miss Goodyear, ito the lack of
the $5 or $6 a month necessary to keep an
ordinary small flat clean and in repair.

Miss Goodyear estimates that a typical,
self-sun>orting family of five, receiving no
aid at any time, medicinal, recreational or
other, and living in comfortable rooms,
with personal privacy and nourishing food,
should spend $1,045 a year in New York.
Of this she allows $216 for rent, at $18 a
month; $370 for food and ice, about $7 a
week; fuel and light, $50; car fares, $45;
incidentals, $75; clothing, $145; two weeks*
outing in summer, $20: margin for illness,
dentistry, and so on, $50; margins for sav-
ings, $50."

Many of the ?tems covered in the investi-
gations would be luxuries to thousands of
families who dare not dream of having
them. To live decently and honestly, com-
fortably and without waste, should be the
right of every wage worker. The persons
interested in jitarting this investigation are
determined to see if a legal minimum wage
cannot be secured that will assure the wage-
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worker of a decent living as outlined by
their investigations and deductions. The
first real obstacle in the way of this propo-
sition is the rapid increase in prices. A
graduated wage law going up with prices
would have to be met with a right to bwer
them, and this would cause confusion and
trouble. But the latter idea need not ham-

per this investigation at all, for the chance
to secure legislation covering the payment
of wages, with the "right of contract" star-
ing us m the face, is far remote. An in-
vestigation will help to settle the question
so often stated to the effect that **thc pro-
ducer docs not begin to receive a fair share
of his product"

The Pathetic Side Of Immigration.

Whenever there is danger of legislation
to strengthen the laws that are supposed
to control immigration, we are deluged
with effusive articles from certain sources,
doubtless inspired by employers, transpor-
tation lines and foreign societies, all set-
ting forth the pathetic story of the re-
jected.

The immigration laws, with few excep-
tional specifications, are very liberal and,
we believe, easily violated. If this viola-
tion were not the fact how is the increased
hnraigration to sections where labor trou-
bles are threatened, accounted for? Why
do we find evidences of the "tmderground
SjTSttm" at work running immigrants into
the country under cover and why is it that,
if the laws are strict and sitfficient, there
are so many persons of foreign birth and
recent residence, depending upon the char-
ity organizations and institutions for their
support?

At this time there is a great demand for
ordinary labor. Let it not be overlooked
that by dividing the different duties of sev-
eral of the trades, by which each employe
works at one particular part of a job, while
the mass is assembled under the direction
of one skilled man, that many employments,
one time coming under the head of skilled
labor, are now placed in the common labor
class. There is scarcely an occupation to-
day where the man who starts a job finishes
it Each employe is a distinct part. He
knows his own work, but not the first thing
of any other part of his job. His labor is
mechanical, unskilled and, therefore, com-

Under cover of this exceptional demand
for common labor there is found the inspir-
ation for much of the thought that is sent
out to the people endeavoring to quiet any-
thing of extra demand that may be made
for immigr^ition restriction.

Under any conditions restrictive meas-
ures would be in order. If this country
needed every common laborer in the world
it could not afford to overload the country
with the diseased, criminal, pauperized
classes of the old world. As it is we do
not need all of the common labor. Of the
commonest class we are receiving today,
there is less than one-half that can hope to
fill the demand for common labor and it
would not work at common labor, as it is
understood, if it had the opportunity.

We are told, in very learned terms, of
the needs of these people and how the needs
of the country can be blended together and
a progressive force for the good of all the
nation be assured. The fact that the immi-
grants, themselves, will have none of this
plan of distribution ought to be sufficient
answer to the claims made, but we feel that
the teaching is wrong, even though we give
to it the credit of being honestly meant.
We have received several hundred thou-
sands of immigrants who will not work
except in sweat shops, or peddle on the
streets, until they can set up in a more pre-
tentions way.

They have not gone to the thinly populated
sections but they have added to the misery
of the congested districts of the cities.
They will not work, as work is commonly
understood, and they never will, for they

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are not built that way. Still, the represen-
tatives of this same class raised their pro-
tests to the heavens every time there was a
proposition to restrict immigration and ap-
pealed to the sentiments of "those who em-
ploy labor" to keep open the way for the
oppressed and common people of the old
world. Thus we cover the needs of the
hour by postponing action "pending con-
gressional investigation."

To digress for one thought It is a fact
that the sweat shop workers recruited from
the poorer classes of Russia, Germany and
Italy are working for their coimtrymen,
who have succeeded in getting out of the
rut of absolute poverty and have become
the hardest task masters to their own coun-
try people they have ever known. When
the combined work of two persons for more
than twelve hours a day will bring to them
only sixty cents a week, it is high time to
quit telling of the blessings of liberty and
the rights of private contract

But out of it, in many senses, we have a
threatening force. The Government always
is in danger of being drawn into foreign
complications because of racial prejudices.
As the American dislikes the Oriental so
do the dislikes of the foreign-bom for each
other continue to hold in the land of their
adoption.

We find there is a disposition on the part
of certain nations to colonize their people.
What benefit will this country be to them
if they do not adopt the customs that they
acknowledged were superior to their own
when they left home? We can easily learn
the little regard one foreign colony has for
the rights of another if we follow the street
fights, faction fights and riots between la-
borers working in camps.

This Government is responsible to the
home governments for the protection of all
of these people. If they offend beyond en-
durance, as did the Mafia at New Orleans,
some years ago, and an outraged populace
takes the law into its own hands, this na-
tion must either bluff, fight, or pay the ex-
pense accoimt

If it ever becomes necessary for our coun-
try to go to war with a foreign power it
will have to reckon with the subjects of
that nation who are here. This is not an

insult to the patriotic foreigner. It is the
plain truth as demonstrated during the brief
war with Spain when other countries were
expected to go to the assistance of Spain.

A German writer has recently declared
that within the next fifty years the United
States will become a Babel, incapable of
holding together because of its inability to
understand itself and its failure to assimil-
ate the race hatreds and religious doctrines
of the polyglot population it will have gath-
ered by that time. It does not look like a
frenzied fancy even though fifty years is a
long time to wait at the pace we have been
going for the past three years.

There is not a city government today that
does not have to placate the foreign- voter.
"Qeveland, the best governed city," accord-
ing to Steffins, has its taste of high life oc-
casionally. If there is a proposition on the
part of one set of the foreign bom to do
something particularly its own, as for in-
stance, to erect a monument to a native
hero, the objections of the rest of the for-
eign bom who do not like that particular
hero, have to be taken care of. What the
native American may think of the matter
is not a part of the calculation. If the
Poles object to the Hungarians, they must
be given just as good a place for their
hero's monument as the other party has.
If the crowd is smaller, it receives propor-
tionate attention. But, we do not mean to
set up Cleveland as the only city where this
is done. There is, we think, really less of
it there than in any of the other great cen-
ters of population.

How far these questions of national prej-
udice can go is best demonstrated by the
demands of the foreign bom and their ten-
dency to stick together. The Germans have
been very faithful to their fatherland. They
have fought for their native customs and
for the teaching of German in the public
schools. They made their fight a political
one and as a result German has been taught
in the public schools. There is no need for
it today, for the Germans are not furnish-
ing us much of the immigration that was
supposed to need German and English as-
sistance in business. The thing always to
have done, as well as to do, is to teach
every foreign bom inhabitant the English

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language and assimilate all of them in lan-
guage, thought and living.

There is no more need for German to-
day in the public schools than there is for
Hebrew or Italian. From the former Ger-
man point of view, necessity to do business
with Germans, there is not so much. The
Italians have made requests in some cities
for the teaching of Italian in the schools.
If all foreign languages were to be taught
to the neglect of English, the nation would
become a polyglot one, without a common
language, before fifty years.

These are merely common questions.
They are known to every man and woman
who cares to look at them because they are
open for inspection everywhere. There are
times when special incidents create spas-
modic demands for stricter laws but as
soon as made there is failure to follow
by insistent, or consistent, action. If the
question comes before Congress, a few ap-
peals to patriotism, sentiment and a threat
from the foreign societies, sets the demand
aside and the grind goes merrily on to,
what? Many of us sometimes feel glad
that we were bom soon enough to have
lived and done with the problem before the
crisis comes. Unless all signs fail, this na-
tion will in time become the hardest on
earth to its own people, for the reason that
its coming task masters have risen from
poverty and oppression through the en-
forcement of severer tasks than they per-
formed themselves and by the application
of severer wage working conditions than
they ever met It is the outcome of the
brutalizing of htmianity that can get down
the hill of fairness faster than it can climb
up.

When attempt is made to restrict immi-
gration we are treated to stones of the
harsh application of our immigration laws,
but a few declare that the fault is not in the
law so much as it is in the attempts of
transportation companies, labor employers
and land agents, to break the law. Brough-
ten Brandenburg has given us a better idea
of the true condition of immigration abuses
than any one else. He has made the ques-
tion his careful study and he has not fallen
into the error of lending sympathy because
of sentiment. In a recent issue of The

Outlook, he nresented some pitiful pictures
of the sorrows of the rejected. Not for
effect in a wrong way but, rather, we be-
lieve, to hasten the application of better
laws that will protect the immigrant from
the designs of the persons most interested
in him. He told of certain instances, the
same that are carried to our legislative bod-
ies and tend ''to postpone action pending
investigation." In part Mr. Brandenburg
said :

It was first brought home forcibly to me
seven years ago, this blighting misfortune
that falb on the immigrant returned as in-
admissible to the United States, when I saw
a lonely, bewildered old woman, a gendarme
at her elbow, led off the Kaiser-quai in
Hamburg and up to the municipal refuge in
the Bweide-strasse, there to await the dis-
position •f her future as an object of char-
ity.

She made her way with difiiculty over
the cobblestones, weighted as she was with
an old leather valise and a bundle done up
in a shawl. Her chin quivered with her
anguish, and the difficult tears of the aged
ran slowly down over her yellowed and
wrinkled cheeks. It was a pitiful home-
coming to the native land to which, as she
thought, her last goodby had been said a
month before.

I made particular inquiry for the facts in
her case, and this was her story. She had
lived all her life near Salonsburg, close to
Potsdam, and reared a large family. Her
children were scattered over the face of
the earth, some in South Africa, some in
Brazil, and one son and two daughters in
thtt United States. The son was a laborer
in Texas, one daughter was the wife of a
poor tailor in Chicago, and the other
daughter, a widow with three children,
kept a cheap boardinghouse in Hoboken,
New Jersey. WTien her husband had died,
she buried him in the village churchyard,
sold her few belongings, and with less than
one hundred dollars set out for the United
States, having no conception of how widely
scattered her children were there, and not
dreaming that all of them would not come
down to the dock to meet her and form a
happy party that would take her at once to
the home of some one of them where she

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might spend her last days in peace. She
had some misgivings when the agent who
sold her the ticket insisted on a deposit out
of her small store of enough to pay her re-
turn fare, should she "not be admitted at
Ellis Island." Then and there she learned
for the 6rst time that she must pass some
sort of an examination at New York, but,
knowing full well that she was good, hon-
est, and had done no wrong, she was not
afraid, especially when assured by her
neighbors, eager to rid themselves of any
chance of caring for her, that her children
would arrange the trouble about the exam-
ination. Then came the long voyage, with
its squalor, its filth, its seasickness, and its
mixed, howling steerage mob in which she
was compelled to keep company day and
night with persons whom she would have
chased away from her own door with a
broom. When the good day came that the
great ship drew up the wonderful harbor,
it distressed her greatly that she could see
no sign of her own on the dock, though she
had written that she was coming, and her
worry was increased when she was hustled
from the ship aboard a barge and towed
down to an institutional place on an island,
where a close guard was kept on all who
came or went, as if they were prisoners.
The exigencies of the laws protecting a
great country seemed quite absurd and
cruel to her, all the more so when, after a
hurried physical inspection by a young doc-
tor in a uniform, she was put aside for a
more thorough examination, which came
after hours of heartrending suspense, only
to be followed by a close questioning into
her personal affairs before three severe men
in a court-like room. She was so utterly
alone and their English speech was so
strange that the interpreter seemed her only
tie with the happy world she had known.
A.ftcr a brief deliberation, they decided to
send her to a large chamber with ir«n beds,
floors smelling of cleansing chemicals, and
with bars across the windows as if the
place were a prison. In answer to her fear-
ful entreaties, she was told that the author-
ities were trying to fuid her children, to be
sure that they were able to give a bond that
their mother should not become a public
charge. For three days she stayed im-

mured, torn with doubt and fear, and grow*
ing more and more ill daily from the dis-
comforts to which she was unaccustomed.
A kind German missionary often talked
with her, and once brought an official from
the German Consulate to see her. On the
fourth day this subordinate came with an-
other official from the immigrant station,
and, as kindly as they were able, they told
her that her son could not be located by
telegraph, her daughter in Chicago was in
no position to help her, and her daughter
in Hoboken was ill in the hospital, with the
municipality caring for her children ; there-
fore the papers in the case had been marked
"Excluded." She must go back by the ship
on which she came. In a few more days,
just how many she could not tell in her
wretched state, in a party of forty others,
all weeping and wailing, the barge took her
to the docks again and she was returned to
Hamburg.

This is but one of thousands of cases in
which the facts, as I have gathered them,
are pathetic in the extreme. All over Eu-
rope I have found these scattered unfortu-
nates who have been ruined in life by fail-
ure to enter the United States. This last
year there were sent back from the United
States over twel\T thousand immigrants
who had wagered their lives' destinies on
being admitted. To accompany the children
or the sick, or to prevent the separation of
families, other admissible aliens were com-
pelled or volunteered to return, to the num-
ber of ten thousand, making the total re-
turned across seas to the ports of embarka-
tion twenty-two thousand. My private re-
ports from the great ports of Hamburg.
Bremen, Liverpool, Naples, and Fiume show
that in these, through which five-sixths of
the immigration passes, at least on the
steamship companies' records, sixty-eight
thousand persons were refused embarkation
irom June 1, 1905, to June 1, 1906. The
North German Lloyd doctors at Bremen pre-
vented fifty-three hundred from sailing In
the month of May. The majority of these
hnd traveled from east central or eastern
Europe, and, barring the double sea voyage,
the hardship was just as great as with the
twenty-two thousand. The life plans of
almost ninety thousand persons overturned

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annually by the present system of adminis-
tration of our immigration laws I Surely
so enormous a tragedy should command
world-wide attention. Surely such an in-
human system should undergo an immedi-
ate reorganization.

But officialdom and the public seem cal-
loused by the frequent little stories of these
deluded, helpless unfortunates. Only the
unusual ones are even printed hi the news-
papers now. A few samples of those which
have dramatic qualities will suffice to con-
vince 90J one of how real is the individual
misery inflicted, how appalling the aggre-
gated anguish must be.

* * *

One of the many little dramas on Long
Wharf, Boston, occurred this last July. On
the steamship Canopic there arrived from
Naples Antoila Fortuni Lodi, with her five
children ranging in ages from sixteen to
two years. They were coming to join the
husband and father, who chose to deny the
parentage of the youngest child and there-
by precipitated a sorrowful muddle, as the
immigration authorities were compelled to
deport this child, as likely to become a pub-
lic diarge, and also the mother with the
baby as its guardian. The Italian law, as
well as the first instincts of nature, would
keep her in Italy; and so this mother was
torn horn her four other children and the
family was parted forever.

Six happy young Scotch girls were ar-
rested in the Hartford Carpet Corporation
early last May as being in the country in
violaticm of the law which forbids the im-
portation of contract labor. They had been
working in their home country in a mill
which closed down. Some one, it proved
later to be an employment agent, sent them
to Connecticut They were under an "im-
plied** contract, as the law puts it. All
their savings were consumed by the tickets,
and when, after a period of detention, they
were deported, the state in which they
reached Scotland was sad indeed. A Madi-
son, Wisconsin, firm inserted an advertise-
ment in a foreign paper early this last year
offering $2.50 per day for labor, and nearly
twelve hundred innocent immigrants sent
by employment agents to answer the ad-
vertisement were trapped by the Ellis Is-

land and Long Wharf authorities and de-
ported by the shipload. }/L9My other con*
tract laborers were sent back at the same
time, and on one voyage the Neapolitan
Prince carried one thousand men, women,
and children back to their native land in
sorrow. Other ships took parties of five
hundred, two hundred, and one himdred.
♦ * *

Some of the scenes that occur in the "In-
side" part of Ellis Island (which is the
name given all that portion of the system
that is for the detained or excluded) would
wring the heart of the hardest of men.
There one can see sons and daughters and
grandchildren clustered about an old pair
who have traveled across the continent of
Europe and the Atlantic Ocean to spend
their last days with their own flesh and
blood, only to find that they are so old and
so poor that they are likely to become pub-
lic charges and must go back, at least to
the community where they once had a
home. Perhaps the case will be that of a
lover and sweetheart who have been sep-*.
arated for years while he was in this coun-
try building up a home for her. Now that
it is ready, the girl follows him, only to be
detained, torn from his arms, and sent back
across the seas because of some physical
fault, or some misrepresentation she has
made, thinking to get into the country the
easier. Again, half of some small village,
coming on some ticket agent's false repre-
sentations, will be found to be contract la-
borers, and will be returned, ruined. Such
a crowd usually presents a scene on sail day
that would defy reproduction in words.

Lattetly, the poor victims of our system
often fail to reach their homes at all, espe-
cially if they come from some territory
which is being newly exploited by the im-
migrant agents. One immigrant who is
sent back to his native town can frighten
three hundred neighbors away from the
steamship ticket offices. Knowing this by
bitter experience, the big agents who spec-
ulate in immigrant traffic try to mduce the
returned immigrants to go elsewhere in the
world rather than face the shame of failure
at home. If the immigrant has money, he
usually gees to Australia, South Africa,
South America, or Mexico. If he and his

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family have been particularly unfortunate,
and their case is likely to be talked about
through a large district, the agents will
practically force the family into embarka-
tion for Brazil or South Africa on tickets
furnished by the agents.

After what I have related above in bare
skeleton facts, without picturing the physi-
cal and mental horrors of the long voyages
in the steerage, the life in the detention
pen, and the miserable state of affairs after
the deporUtions, I do net believe that I
have failed of carrying conviction as to the
character and enormity of the wrongs done
the deported immigrants. To consider a
remedy, the situation must be analyzed.
The basic principle is that, if the aliens had
known that they were going to be debarred,
they would not have left home. The great
mass learn it for the first time at the port
of departure, and in nineteen cases out of
twenty their surprise amounts to bewilder-
ment.

Every agency that promotes immigration
conspires to keep them in the dark or to
lead them to believe that they can evade
the American laws. When they once leave
home, the die is cast; they are committed.
The conclusion is plain: inform the alien

of his admissibility or his inadmissibility
where the knowledge will do him the least
harm — that is, in his home town. The only
way correctly to inform him is to examine
and pass him there. Fortunately, this is the
system which must eventually supersede
the old one for the protection of the United
States without regard to the treatment of
the inunigrant The gigantic annual crime
of mining tens of thousands of happy fam-
ilies stands to our everlasting discredit, and
should form the principal reason for urg-
ing the speedy installation of an adequate
system of foreign inspection.

Eminent authorities have declared these
stories to be false or exaggerated, but they
are the stories that go to G>ngress every
time immigration restriction is before that
body.

The closing of the article tells what is
needed and conforms to the recommenda-
tions of Commissioner General Sargent It
would not be a cure all but it would re-
lieve us from listening to the stories of the
wrongs of the rejected, many of whom arc
not responsible for their coming, and it
may permit our legislative bodies to settle
down to a stricter law, unhampered by the
appeals of the victims of transportation
companies and employers of labor.

The Switchmen s Union Starts To Drive Mem-
bers Of The Brotherhood From
Yard Service,

As has been stated elsewhere, the Switch-
men's Union secured the passage of a reso-
lution, by the recent National Convention
of the American Federation of Labor,
which declared that the American Federa-
tion of Labor "recognized the Switchmen's
Union as the only organization legally
representing the Switchmen, and having
jurisdiction over the railroad yards of this
country."

This resolution was merely a matter of
form, and was not expected, by the men
who passed it, to be used as the instrument

of disrupting the friendly relations between
the American Federation of Labor and the
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. I-t,
however, was apparent to those who paid
any attention to the claims set forth by the
Switchmen's Union, at Minneapolis, that
this resolution was going to be the stock in
trade of that organization.

The fact that the American Federation
of Labor has given its sanction to the
Switchmen's Union has no effect on the
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, any
more than a resolution passed by any other

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body, declaring that certain rights belonged
to certain people, would have on us; but
the Switclunen's Union started out early to
see if something: could not be done on the
strength of this resolution, before its au-
thority could be entirely understood.

The first effort was made at Galveston,
Texas. The Brotherhood made a contract
with the G. H. & H. R. R. Co., covering its
yards at Galveston. The members of the
Switchmen's Union, employed at that place,
immediately left the service rather than
work under a contract made by the Broth-
erhood of Railroad Trainmen. The Broth-
erhood did not hesitate to defend its con-
tract. The Switchmen's Union thereupon
took the matter to the Trades Council of
Galveston, and leaning on the Federation
resolution, had the Trades Council take up
the yard trouble with Messrs. McDowell
and Noble, who arc the managing officers
of the M. K. & T. and the I. & G. N., which
two roads own and control the G. H. & H.
yards.

The representatives of the Trades Coun-
cil were the presidents of the Longshore-
men's and Screwmen's Unions, who notified
the railway officials that all Trainmen em-
ployed in the yards must leave the yard
service and go into the train service. The
Galveston Trades Council acted without au-
thority except as it concerned its own local
affairs. It had no business on earth with
settling the question of who should work
in the yards. The Brotherhood committees
for the Santa Fe and the Southern Pacific
signed up for the yards at Galveston, and
the managements were immediately notified
that if these contracts were not taken from
the Trainmen and given to the Switchmen,
the latter would strike.

The Brotherhood men naturally paid no
attention to the action of the repr'?senta-
tivcs of the Labor Cotmcil, and it then
passed a resolution unseating the Train-
men's delegate to the Labor Council of
Galveston. Its report was as follows:

"We, your committee, find the B. R. T.
have violated the principles of unionism
and the Brotherhood of Mankind, by tak-
ing the places of the striking switchmen,
standing for justice and right, said B. R.
T. ignoring the grants and laws of the

twenty-sixth Convention of the American
Federation of Labor resolution— 150— which
gives the Switchmen's Union of North
America the jurisdiction over the railroad
yards of the countrj', and by so doing, the
B. R. T. have made themselves a body an-
tagonistic to an organization affiliated wi^
the American Federation of Labor, and the
Constitution of said American Federation
of Labor, Article 12, Section 1, provides
that no organization antagonistic to the
American Federation of Labor shall have
the right to a seat in its conventions, nor
in any subordinate body of the same. We,
therefore, recommend that the B. R. T. be
denied a seat in the Galveston Labor Coun-
cil, according to said law."

This was the situation at Galveston, at
the time we write, and shows that the
Switchmen's Union has started in on an
effort to have the Trades Councils through-
out the United States impressed with the
belief that it is the duty of such Councils
to declare against the Brotherhood of Rail-
road Trainmen.

We are perfectly satisfied that the Presi-
dent of the International Longshoremen's
Union will not permit his locals to indulge
in any performances that will interfere with
the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen.
The Switchmen made a great deal of talk
about calling out the affiliated trades, par-
tiailarly the Longshoremen, in a sympa-
thetic strike, but we know that this is im-
possible, and we know that even if the
Switchmen did persuade any body of em-
ployes to leave the service out of sympathy
for the Switchmen, the Switchman could
not reciprocate, according to to their own
laws.

It is another one of the many efforts to
misrepresent and prejudice the general la-
bor mind as to the exact relations of the
Trainmen and the Switchmen. The Switch-
men's Union came into being several years
after the Brotherhood had taken up this
yard work, and it would be a peculiar prop-
osition, indeed, that would lead the Broth-
erhood to abandon its field of operations
on the command of someone who had noth-
ing to do with it until after it was well
established.

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The leaving of the service by members
of the Switchmen's Union, who will not
work under a Brotherhood contract, is an
exhibition of "playing the baby/' Suppose
the members of the Brotherhood of Rail-
road Trainmen left the service on the
Lackawanna System, because a few yards
on that system are controlled by the
Switchmen; or suppose our members on
the Rock Island System left the service
because the Switchmen signed up for their
yards. Is it to be supposed that perform-
ances of this kind would be tolerated by
any right-thinking set of men; and, yet,
this is exactly the line of performance that
the Switchmen's Union has followed at
Galveston, Texas, and on it has expected
to start its campaign against the Brother-
hood of Railroad Trainmen, using as its

principal stock in trade Resolution No.
150.

We advise our members, everywhere, to
pay no attention to any claims that the
Switchmen's Union may set up as to its
"legal" right A minority seldom is per-
mitted to makt laws for a majority, and
have the majority subscribe to them. We
have all respect for the American Federa-
tion of Labor, and its affiliated bodies, and
we have no desire to antagonize any of
them, but we do not propose to allow the
Brotherhood to be influenced in any wise,
because the Switchmen's Union is affiliated
with the American Federation of Labor,
and has demanded that the Brotherhood of
Railroad Trainmen turn over to it three
times more members than it now has on its
own rolls.

The Brotherhood Fixed The Chicago Rate.

The Switchmen's Union Journal came
along half a month late for December, and
was loaded to the guards with the usual
junk that it hands to its members instead
of the truth. The S. U. has tried to make
it appear that the Union fixed the rate and
the B. R. T. followed. The Switchmen's
Union, in Chicago, knows better, but it is a
part of the plan to tell their members
"what is being done somewhere else."

It is a good story to take to Texas just
as it is a good story to bring to Pittsburg
that, the S. U. settled in Kansas City, or to
advise Kansas City that the S. U. had set-
tled in Buffalo. One locality is played
against the other by the S. U., alUiough
each locality knows that it has done noth-
ing. Qeveland Switchmen were congratu-
lated on receiving the 4 cents an hour in-
crease. When the congratulations were being
tendered, the Switchmen in Cleveland had
not received the increase, and the road hay-
ing the majority of the S. U. membership
was then receiving protests from the S. U.
against the Chicago rate. They preferred
to w<yrk 12 hours for less mcm^y rather

than see the B. R. T. establish the rate.
This is the Switchmen's Union idea of bene-
fiting the men in the yards.

The Switchmen's Union had a committee
in Chicago. It represented 700 men; it
had one in Pittsburg that represented 286
men; it had one in St Louis that repre-
sented 78 men, and it had one committee-
man of whom we know who represented one
man. Its Milwaukee committee in Chicago
represented 15 men out of almost 500. This
was the Switchmen's committee, and this
is about what it represented Less than
one-fifth of the men employed was the best
it could show anywhere and the majority
of places it did not represent one-tenth of
the men. It, however, did make a noise
all the time. Its total membership of
switchmen, crossing flagmen, yardmas-
ters, and others who have been caught
without their fingers crossed, was just 8,100
October 1st, 1906, according to tiieir voting
strength at the American Federation of
Labor Convention at Mbneapolls. Scatter
this over the yards of the United States
and Canada and there will be no trouble in
arrivfeg at their representative strength.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The Brotherhood has 87,000 members and
23,000 of them are switching. Now who,
naturally, would secure increases in wages?

The Switchmen's Union laid down for
one cent an hour at Buffalo^ they grabbed
at 8 cents an hour at Chicago, and the only
reason they did not sign with the com-
mittee meeting them at Qiicago, on Friday,
November 9th, was that the General Man-
agers had a meeting and they could not
get to thenu The B. R. T. refused to ac-
cept the proposition offered the S. U., and
ratified by them at their meeting Thursday
night, November 8th. Saturday, November
10th the B. R. T. committee did accept 4
cents an hour increase for all yards gov-
erned by the Qiicago rate. The Switch-
men's Union committee was called m from
the yards where its members had returned
to work and Ithey accepted the rate fixed
by the B. R. T.

The R R. T. acceptance was for the ter-
ritory affected by the Qiicago rate; the
Switchmen's Union committee accepted
with this provision, "Except for the terri-
tory east of Chicago, for which the railway
officials are not authorised to sign." East
of Qiioago was not a consideration of the
S. y. acceptance. They cut that out and
the Brotherhood has had to fight it on
every system where the wage rate has been
up with the management

We know the S. U. officers have gone
over the country telling their members
what the Switdunen's Union did. There
were a few instances where the S. U. con-
trolled a part of the yards on a system.
In these insUnces the S. U. have what was
secured, but in no case was the rate higher
than the rate fixed by the Brotherhood
committee.

In Qiicago there was one committee of
managers meeting with the Switchmen's
committee and another committee meeting
with the Trainmen, and this was continued
until the Switchmen's Union agreed to 3
cents and arbitration. Then the Train-
men decided to force the issue and the rate
was fixed.

We will give the Switchmen's Union due
credit for giving its full assistance to keep-
ing the men divided and assisting the man-
agers to every advantage that would have
been out of the question for them if there
had not been the interference from the
minority that allowed them certain advant-
ages in making settlement This minority
never stood for more, it stood for an3rthing
offered.

The Switchmen's Union is not a labor or-
ganization. We judge it from its per-
formances that were nothing other than
"scabbing" in advance of an issue.

Reform In Child Labor Laws.

The JouRKAt has all confidence in the
force of public opinion when it is concen*
trated on any given question. It has every
belief that no contemplated reform in con-
dttions, that is dependent upon legislative
performance for its accomplishment, will
ever be successful so long as it is opposed
ly combinations of employers, unless it has
the undivided support of the general pub-
lic.

There is a reason easily found for this.
The employing combinations work together
for their dim ends. They differ as to priced
and mtdiods of operation, but when it
1 time to rally around the State fitouee

to block legislation, or secure legislation*
they are there undivided and unanimous.

When a labor organization wants some-
thing from the same source it generally
starts out to get it with the assured op-
position of the majority of the other or-
ganizations and the total indifference of
the public. It fails because there is nothing
emphatic behind its demands but organized
disorder.

There is one great question, however^ on
which there promises to be practical unan-
imity of opinion and action, and that
is on the regulation of the employment of
diildren. There is a great hope for some-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

thing progressive in this direction for every
man and woman is interested, after all, in
his, or her, own children. The great idea
that takes hold on the average mind is, to
keep others from taking advantage of op-
portunity regardless of the cost paid. They
want all to be on an equal footing and in
this proposition to protect the child from
too early age employment and to protect
him from being overworked there is some
hope of general demand and performance.

Wage workers, too, have commenced to
believe there is something in the "theory*'
that wages are never greater than living
conditions as measured by certain standards,
will provide. That is, if the wage worker
can make sufficient to keep his family that
his wages will hold to that figiu-e ; If the as-
sistance of another member of the family is
thrown to the support of the household,
wages will eventually be lowered so that the
combined wages will still be necessary to
keep the family. When this is the condition
the children and the women, are merely
used to further the ends of the employer
and their product is not given to the market
at a lower cost to the individual consumer
and purchaser.

Proof of this statement is at hand every-
where. Prices were never higher, cost of
production was never lower. Men have
commenced to sec, that at best, there is only
an established standard of living to be main-
tained whether one bread winner works for
all or whether every member of the family
works to provide it Consequently the ques-
tion of self-interest becomes a common one
and there is some hope that the individual
"hog" will stand aside for the general good
and lend his assistance to the others who
propose to work for the protection of the
lives of the coming fathers and mothers of
the Republic.

In this country there were one million,
seven hundred thousand children at work
in 1900, and it is safe to say that since that
time five hundred thousand more have been
put into the merciless grind that shatters
and destroys coming manhood and woman-
hood and draws the age of usefulness at
thirty-five years. In some parts of the
country little children aged from nine years
up, work from fifteen hours a day down.

for a cent an hour. Wages of children have
not increased and wherever it was possible
for the employer to force them down it has
been done.

In private employment in the clothing and
other trades, which means pure and simple
sweat shop, we know there are little girls
and boys working from the break of day
far into the night for thirty and forty cents
a week and they will fight like tigers to
shield their employers from the application
of the laws, for they "cannot afford to lose
their wages." Think of it, you, and place
your child in the same competitive class.
Think of your son or daughter working
thus, and then do what you can to stop the
damnable practice of building the fortunes
of the mercenary thieves who will profit on
the lives of the unfortunatej. Do not be
satisfied by saying, it can never happen.
It very easily can.

Do not forget, that this same system of
robbing the child of his birthright of edu-
cation and intelligent understanding, the
right of physical and mental development,
the future of your children not only as to
earning capacity but as to government, are
at stake. In the immediate future is the
menace to your earning capacity. Now, do
not be indifferent to this questioa Stand
between the children of this country and
employing avarice; protect your child and
the other man's child at the same time so
there will be no advantage or disadvantage
to either and demand wages of your own
earning that will allow you to keep your,
family as well as it could be kept if all of
your household were at work from the cra-
dle to the grave.

You may not be able of yourself to over-
throw the traditions of "equality and the
right of freedom of contract," that mean
nothing in fact to you, but you can be
of the intelligent public that will force
a demand for protective legislation through
every state legislature in this country that
will shield the children from the avarice
of the employer and from such parents as
are willing to live on the earnings of their
children. When 3rou restrict the right of
the child to offer himself, or herself, on the
altar of industry, you are protecting ytur
position as a wage worker and a citizen.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Hawley To The A. F. L.

Grand Master Hawley, of the Switch-
men's Union, made a characteristic plea for
his organization before the Convention of
the American Federation of Labor. He
went into that Convention with a resolu-
tion denouncing the B. R. T., and came out
without it

In defense of his resolution he covered
considerable ground, but did it so badly
that it was not regarded as a matter of
much consequence. The affiliation of the
Switchmen's Union was very early seen to
be the stock in trade of the Switchmen.
They haven't anything else left

During the course of his speech to the
Convention, Mr. Hawley made the usual
statements we have so often quoted, but he
added to his list of "contradictory state-
ments" by declaring in effect that the
Switchmen's Union made contracts with the
reservation that they could break them to
engage in sympathetic strikes.

Hawley, in his speech, started in with
the Northwestern trouble, but did not tell
the Federation that it was brought about
because the old S. M. A. A attempted to
drive the B. R. T. from yard service. He
did not tell them it was an organization
fight and not a fight between an organiza-
tion and the employer. He did not have to,
for there were men there who knew more
about it than Hawley did. Nor did he tell
them he was a member of the B. R. T. sev-
eral years after that occurrence.

He referred to other troubles in which
the Switchmen struck and the Trainmen did
not and, as usual, called the men "scabs"
because they did not break their organiza-
tion laws, or agreements, to follow off a
minority on his say so. Then, to preve his
statements^ so far as the Switchmen are
concerned, he is quoted as having said:
''What kind of a labor organization is it
that will make a contract allowing its mem-
bers to 'scab' on the members of other
organizations? There is not one contract
in the United States that will imply protec-
tkm to the extent of scabbing. They con-
4-1

strue a meeting of the officers with the
officials as a contract, and lead the poor,
unthinking dupes to believe they should
protect that contract by scabbing."

We think that it was about this point in
his balloon ascension that he broke his pick
There were representatives of labor organ-
izations there who were making contracts
before Hawley ever heard of one. He does
not know to this day that a labor agree-
ment is a question of honor between the
representatives of the men and the employ-
er, and his entire line of argument seems
to be wrapped up in the contention that
when a Switchman strikes every body else
is bound to quit work along with him.

Hawley has never dared to take one com-
plaint before the railroad organizations. He
has taken all of his troubles to labor or-
ganizations that do not know the circum-
stances leading to his complaints. It is
true he did get one O. R. C. man at Pitts-
burg to join with him in his attacks on the
B. R. T., but his organization very prompt-
ly repudiated his work and he has not been
heard from since. He was not in railroad
service. There were too many representa-
tives of labor at the Convention who know
the value of the wage agreement and who
know the years it has taken to establish it
to even listen to a suggestion that it is made
to be broken.

Hawley dare not go to a railway manage-
ment and ask for an adjustment of wages
and say that the Switchmen will break it
at their pleasure to assist another organ-
ization on strike. He ought to get a line
on his talks of some months ago and not
forget that it has been asserted time and
again that the Switchmen's Union did not
engage in sympathetic strikes. We know
they do not, and we also know they will
anticipate a strike by assuring the officials
of the threatened road that the Switchmen
will not engage in a sympathetic strike.

But this is the way of doing business that
has carried the Switchmen along thus far.
They demand the right to organize the

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yards and complain because the Brother-
hood will not quit at their demand and turn
over 23,000 men to their 8,100 and say in
effect, "We submit to your demand and
turn ourselves over to you, sacrificing every-
thing we have gained in the past, our in-
surance, our wages and our manhood to
keep you from crying." Not on your life.

We quote the speech in its entirety. It
will be noted there are the usual state-
ments without giving the reasons for the
different affairs.

In discussing the motion to adopt the re-
port of the Committee on Organization on
Resolution No. 150, Delegate Hawley said :

Mr. Chairman — In order to put our case
clearly before you, I shall have to go back
some years. The first movement in con-
nection with the Brotherhood of Railway
Trainmen occurred in 1891, on the Chicago
& Northwestern Railroad, where a conspir-
acy was formed between the officials of
that organization and the officers of the
company by which several hundred switch-
men were locked out and their places taken
by members of the Brotherhood. In 1894
the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen
stood by the company, and in exchange for
doing so they have received many courtesies.
In 1901, when the Switchmen's Union of
North America struck, the leaders of the
Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen deliber-
ately compelled their men to scab- on us,
because they claimed they were keeping a
contract What kind of a labor organiza-
tion is it that will make a contract allowing
its members to scab on the members of
other organizations? There is not one con-
tract in the United States made between the
railway organizations and the railroad com-
panies that will imply protection to the ex-
tent of scabbing. They construe a meeting
of the officers with the officials as a con-
tract, and lead the poor, unthinking dupes
to believe they should protect that contract
by scabbing.

Mr. Chairman, I am just as anxious for
the good will of our employers as any
leader in the United States, but I hope God
will paralyze my tongue before I ask them
for courtesies in exchange for the honor of
our members. The honor of our members
is first all the time, and should be with all

organizations. Down on the Monongahela
Connecting Railroad last February, where
the Switchmen's Union of North America
had 87 members out of 125 and the Train-
men had 12, we were obliged to strike. Four
of the Brotherhood members joined with us,
and no censure was placed upon the others
who remained at work. Men came from
Cleveland to fill our places, and they were
furnished with transportation from the offi-
cers of the Brotherhood of Trainmen. Those
men are still at work and our men are out

Down at Galveston, Texas, a couple ot
weeks ago, where we had 95 per cent of
our men employed, the Brotherhood of
Railway Trainmen made a contract and
promised to protect the yards if the switch-
men would strike. I advised our men to
strike, and they did, and their places were
filled by members of the Brotherhood of
Railway Trainmen. All honor to the mem-
bers of the American Federation of Labor
in that locality, through wboFe influence the
contract was canceled and the positions
given to the members of the Switchmen's
Union.

Supposing the Monongahela Connectir'r
Railroad Company had decided to fight the
Switchmen's Union, and the Brotherhood
of Railway Trainmen had remained neutral,
what would have happened? They would
have been obliged to go to strike-breaking
companies for help; they v/ould have to pay
men furnished by such companies five dol-
lars a day— for you know the scabs demand
that— and they would have had to pay the
companies a bonus for furnishing them;
then they would have to board the scabs and
pay for police protection. But since they
have an agreement with the Brotherhood
of Railway Trainmen they do not have to
pay the bonus ; they do not have to pay the
five dollars a day to the members of the
Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen who are
scabbing; the/ do not have to board them,
because they can board at home or with
their fellow members, and they do not hav*
to pay for police protection, beoause the
Switchmen are law-abiding men.

That is just the position in which we are
placed, and it is all because of a question
of authority or supremacy on the part of
the Trainmen. We want to organize the

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yardmen and they want to annihilate the
Switchmen's Union of North America. They
realize that the strength of an organiza-
tion depends upon its power to threaten or
to strike. They know the yardmen are the
most important part of the force and they
want to control them. We are two separate
and distinct organizations. There is not an
employment on earth as dangerous as the
yard service. Seventy-eight per cent of our
men ire killed. The average life of a
switchman, notwithstanding the safety de-
vices, is a little less than eight years. I
have been twenty-two years in the business
myself. Now the Brotherhood of Railway
Trainmen are trying to annihilate us.

On the 25th day of last September we
made a demand for an increase in wages
all over the United States. On the 25th
day of October, in compliance with our
agreements, our committees met the officials
and discussed the situation. We decided
to strike on the seventh day of November
at six o'clock. The Brotherhood switch-

men made believe they were gokig to strike,
and accepted what we received, which was
four cents an hour for every switchman in
the United States. All we ask is the right
to organize the switchmen; all they want
is to annihilate us.

We will make but one reference to this
"explosion" and that is merely to quote
from the Switchmen's Journal for June,
1906. It said of the Mon Con : "There were
135 men employed on the system, as switch-
men, 89 of whom were members of the S.
U. ; 34 -non-members, and 12 members of
the B.ofR.T." Mr. Hawley's statement dif-
fers somewhat, and he failed to mention
that the 89 members of his organization did
not go out on strike, in fact only a compara-
tively small number of them did and, fur-
thermore, we have in this office the personal
signatures of 76 employes of the Mon Con,
saying that they were never consulted con-
cerning a strike, which shows pretty con-
clusively that a majority of the men em-
ployed knew nothing of the strike imtil they
were notified it was on.

Something More On The Chicago Settlement

The Switchmen's Union has advised
everybody that it made the Chicago rate.
As has been stated before, there was one
conmiittee from the General Managers,
meeting with the Switchmer/: Union, and
another committee meeting with the Train-
men.

The committee meeting with the Switch-
men offered them three cents an hour, and
the difference in the rate asked for, to be
submitted by arbitration. This was ac-
cepted by the Switchmen's Union, subject
to a ratification by some of its lodges. The
Chicago lodges ratified the proposition at a
mass meeting held on November 8th, and
it was practically accepted by them*

The following statement was given to the
press by the representative of the Man-
agers, meeting with the Switchmen's Union,
and it is, therefore, authentic and states
plainly what the Switchmen's Union had
agreed to accept Followmg is the press

statement sent out by Mf. Slason Thomp-
son, of the Railway News Bureau:

All that stands between the railways and
a definite settlement with their yardmen is
the refusal of Grand Chief Morrissey, of
the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, to
accept a ten p'*r cent advance and arbitra-
tion as to whether it should be more.

It is apparent that Mr. Morrisey in this
stand is actuated solely by the desire to
gain a strategic and personal victory over
the Switchmen's Union of North America.
Throughout the negotiations he has declined
to agree to any definite proposition, holding
back to see what terms Chief Hawley, of
the Switchmen's Union, would accept

When the railways changed their alter-
native proposition of a 10 per cent advance
or arbitration to a positive advance of three
cents an hour with arbitration as to any
further advance, and Chief Hawley had
been notified to agree to it, Mr. Morrissey,

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

late Thursday night, announced that such
terms were not satisfactory to him, and that
his men were determined to insist on their
first demands.

As these demands have already been re-
jected and the railways have already offered
to submit the wage question to arbitration,
Mr. Morrissey is placed in the position of'
precipitating a strike rather than arbitrate,
and this merely to out-maneuver a rival
union of railway employes.

It is scarcely conceivable that a great in-
dustrial struggle may be forced to further
such selfish ends— especially as arbitration
is proflFered to Mr. Morrissey with or with-
out a present advance of three cents an
hour to the men he represents."

We wish to assure the readers of the
Journal that the statement concerning
Grand Master Morrissey is incorrect. So
far as the Switchmen's Union was concern-
ed, it was not a consideration on the part
of Brother Morrissey during the settlement
of the wage question. The entire propo-

sition was to make the best settlement pos-
sible for the members of the Brotherhood
of Railway Trainmen, and whatever the
Switchmen might have done was a matter
of absolute indifference to the Brotherhood
of Railroad Trainmen. The Committee of
the General Managers' Association, which
dealt with the B. of R. T. Committee, were
assured by Grand Master Morrissey before
the conference had begun that the B. of R.
T. sought no organization advantage, and
that if a proposition were made they felt
was fair to the men involved, they would
accept it and settle. On the other hand
they would not be bound by any settlement
made by the Switchmen's Union.

The Switchmen in Chicago know that
they accepted the three cent rate, and they
also know that they offered applications for
membership in the Switchmen's Union to
members of the Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen, and stated at the time that, "we
have settled for three cents," and were very
promptly advised by our members that "we
have not."

The Average Citizen.

He nevef regitter^ ft ftU;

He has no time to hear the caU

Of public duty in his ear:

His private work takes all his care.

He does not like to mingle in

The primary's m-le push and din.

Nor take the trouble that it means

To circumvent the "boss" machines.

He has no graft to gain, and thus

He saves himself a lot of fuss.

But when things wrong and crooked go

He's first to say: "I told you so."

He does not mix in politics.
He thinks it just a lot of tricks;
He leaves it to the men who made
Its managtment a paying crade.
And will not go out^de his door
To look tlie situation o'er.
He knows naught of the candidate.

Nor of the issues he doth make;
He knows that on election day.
If busy, from the polls he'll stay.
Yet when bad men are voted in.
And trickery and corruption win.
And good men, voted out, must go.
He's first to say: "I told you so!"

When bosses' henchmen take their seat,
An(? In lawmaking halls they meet.
And disregard the public need
In clever loot and graft and greed.
Spend publio funds for private waste.
Laugh when with public anger faced:
When business feels the burdens high
Piled by misrule on industry;
When publio work is but half done,
And publio funds to riot run;
When all the ruin seems to go.
He's first to cry: "I told you sol"

—Baltimore American.

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HAFrr New Year, everybody.

* * *

Wi'vi tried our best to please our S. U, brother
OTer at Buffalo, but he keeps on crying.

* 41 «

LotT. — Brother George Hanselman, No. 849,
receipts and cards from Lodges Nos. 001, 288
and 849.

* * *

Waktid.— O. E. Cofiin, last place worked was
Las Vegas, N. M. Write me, Geo. W. Read, 627
W. 8th St, Pueblo, Colo.

* * *

Sat, brothers, what b the matter with making
"OUR" division a solid B. R. T. division before
the Atlanta convention? It can be done if you
wiU help.

* « «

Alpixd L. Nidsau.—A railroad brakeman, last
heard from at Waseca, Minn., October, 1904.
Communicate with Mrs. Arilla Nedeau, 1208
Barr street. Fort Wayne, Ind.

* * *

Wahtb).— The address of Bro. E. M. MiUcr.
Last heard from was a member of No. 899, and
working at Oakland, Cal. Address, D. H. Grubb,
2880 Benard St, St Louis, Mo.

* * *
WAWTiD.^WhereabouU of Anthony Garvey of

I..odge No. 86. Any information in regard to him
win be gratefully received by his sister, Kate
Garvey, 208 Henry St., Binghamton, N. Y.

* * *

How did your wife like that Queen you gave
her for Christmas? The one you earned by sub-
scription work. The boy and the girl will have a
birthday one of these days; we have watches for
birthdays.

* * ♦

Waktid. — ^Whereabouts of Bro. John DorrelL
Last heard of in St. James, Minnesota. And of
Bro. Johr Lemwel. Last heard of in Alton, 111.
Address O. S. Greer, 1829 New Braonfels Ave.,
San Antonio, Texas.

* « «

WAKTir.— Tom Clarey. of Lodge No. 96. Last
heard from working for C. & G. W. Ry. Company
as brakeman, between Chicago and Dubuque, in
May, 1906. His mother is sick. Please write
John Clarey, Eagle Grove, Iowa.

* * *

Wahtbd. — ^The whereabouts of James D. Dun-
phy, formerly of Columbia, S. C, last heard from
was in Little Rock, Ark. Address Mrs. James
D. Dunphy, 48 S. Frsnch Broad avenue, Ashe-
viUe, N. C

If only some of the distinguished rich would
encourage the practice of preventing misery there
would not be the need for so much charitv at
stated periods. The majority of tl^ givers are
only attempting to soften harsh conditions they
have themselves created.

♦ * *

Wi receive so many complaints about non-at-
tendance that it is discouraging, for every or-
ganization to suceed must have a majority of
its members at work for the good of the cause.
Take this to yourself, Mr. Reader, and get down
to lodge next time and help out

♦ * «

Brother Fuller at Washington, D. C
Brother H. R. Fuller has again been appointed
to represent the B. L. E., the B. L. F., the O.
R. C. and the B. R. T. at Washington during the
present session of Congress. His address will be
216 New Jersey avenue, Washington, D. C

♦ ♦ ♦

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of Brother
W. S. Lowell, a member of Jersey City Lodge
No. 119. Last heard of him June 26, 1906; was
then at a railroad camp at Virginia, Minn. Any
information of him will be thankfully received
by W. J. Sheehan, 203 Lavonia avenue, Jersey
City, N.J., financier Lodge No. 119.

♦ ♦ ♦

Halifax, N. S.—Lodge No. 860 has started off
the New Year with a good set of officers and all
meetings are well attended. The brothers take
a great interest in everything that is doing and we
get every man as soon as he is eligible. Before
the end of this year we expect to have a solid
Brotherhood yard at Halifax, which is the winter
port for this end of the Inter Colonial. Visiting
brothers are welcome, and the glad hand is al-
ways extended.

J. A. Simmons,
Journal Agent, 860.

♦ ♦ ♦

Tni>ianapot.18, Tkp. — No. 374 is doing nicely.
^e now have a membership of 800 and the only
complaint we hpvc is poor attendance. For some
reason or another !>ome brothers forget to come to
lodge. Now, brothers, let us get together and see
what we can do in 1907. Let each promise him-
self that he will attend at least once a month and
that he will itse his best endeavor to bring in at
least one new member during the jrear. Let us
all put our shoulders to the wheel and do our
part to reach that coveted goal, the 100,000 mark.
J. R. Caer, Lodge No. 874.

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UosTON, Mass. — Lodge No. 4S« has ' passed
through a critical period but her members are now
satisfied that everything that was done was for
the best interests of themselves and their Organ-
ization.

Our members ought to talk B. of R. T. all the
time, and they can do no greater act of kindness
to their friends who are not with us than to hand
them an application and ask them to join with us.

We need new members of the right kind and
we hope that every nan will get to work as he
ought and do everything he can to have them all
with us.

• J. J. FlTZPATRICK, No. 489.

* * *

PAY NO ATTENTION TO ADVERTISING

CIRCULARS.
We know there are a number of dealers who
have secured the Directory of this Organization
and are sending advertising circulars to the offi-
cers. We also believe that in some instances the
names and addresses of the members have been
secured through some manner and the advertising
circulars are sent out. We ask every reader of
the Journal not to pay the least attention to such
advertising matter. The sender, as a rule, is us-
ing this method to dodge carrying advertising
with us, and we hope that in every purchase our
readers will bear in mind that the man, or firm,
that advertisers with us deserves our patronage.
Take his goods and do not take substitutes.

* * *

Panama. — There are many members of the B.
of R. T. located here and we think we ought to
have a lodge. There is an organization that in-
cludes all employes at work here but we would
prefer to have the B. of R. T. Times are very
busy, the climate is not as bad as it is sometimes
made out to be, the living conditions are fair,
but could be better. I would not warn any one
to keep away from here but, conditions could be
better. The Canal has been discussed by the
press, but I feel that the most of what has been
said is for political effect. This canal will be
built by America. From a strategical view point
it is more important to us than an army. It is to
be regretted that a citizen of the United States
will condemn this great engineering proposition,
fcr I feel that every American ought to help it
along;

R. P. MotGAN, No. 163.

* ♦ ♦

PiSHTTCO, Wis. — I think that as champion of
the "seventh day rest*' and no "Sunday trains"
our friend "Doctor" Bond in his statement in
last month's JotniNAL loses all force of any argu-
ment he may produce, when he says that Sunday
is no more sacred than Monday. It is also very
shallow, and does not consistently hold, where in
the next sentence he says, **Why don't the
churches and their adherents take hold of a ques-
tion like this?"

The idea of a man with no respect of Sunday,
only as a day of rest, a day that is to him no
more sacred than any other day, asking the

churches to help him to obtain his rest. Such
talk as this will never help his cause. I think all
who were delegates to Buffalo can appreciate tfao
humpr contained in his article.

S. C Huntington, Lodge No. 72S.
« « ♦

LOST!

If any articles mentioned are recovered please
forward to Financier of lodge mentk>ned.

Brother Terrance W. Savage, Lodge No. 208,
receipts from September, 1906, to September, 1907,
B. R. T., L O. O. F., M. W. A., A. O. U. W..
suit case, $450.00 and gold watch and chain.
Watch 23 jewel, dial showing three times, east-
cm, central and moimtain, two sets of hands and
name engraved on inside of case and B. R. T. on
outside.

Brother Thomas G. Cook. Lodge No. 22, B.
R. T. receipts from Oct., 1902, to Nov., 1906,
watch, open face, size 13, John Hancock No.
1487402 gold filled case. No. 7462826, Hampden
Watch Co.

Brother H. W. BaUon, Lodge No. 104, B. R. T.
receipts Dec 1st, 1906, traveling cards for 1901
to 1905, inclusive, and $5.00, papers, etc.

Brother W. B. Weigel. Lodge No. 7, B. R. T.
receipts from Dec, 1904, to Feb., 1907, incluinvr.

Brother C. J. Lampp, Lodge No. 49, receipt for
December, 1906, and meal ticket on Cosmopolitan
Hotel, Texarkana, Tex.

♦ ♦ *

PERar. Iowa.— Lodge No. 86, B. of R. T. is
on the boom. December 3rd, '06, we had a good
meeting, nearly one-half our membership being
present and we elected our officers for 1907, and
we have the very best indications of a number of
good meetings this winter. Our switchmen here
get $3.63 and $3..<^ for a night's work, where a
few jrcars ago they got $2.11, and there is no
credit due the Snakes either. We have no S. U.
here, nor even an S. U. boomer hits town, al-
though we have as many empty box cars as any
other line. We have initiated several good men
into No. S6 recently and while our membership
does not reach the 100 mark, we are going to
make Nc. 86 equal to any small lodge.

One thing we have to be proud cf here is we
have a good many conductors in our ranks and I
sincerely hope they will stay with us. They have
made No. 86 what it is, when they built its foun-
dation years ago before some of us new arrivals
knew what a box car was, and if we can keep them
with us we can rest assured of No. 86's success.

T. H.

♦ ♦ ♦

Chickasha, Ind. Tt.— The B. of R. T. lodges
and auxiliaries to the same are here as well as
cotton and wheat Now, as for Chickasha, if we
have only fourteen members, we are workers, and
hope to be twice that many. The bojrs are organ-
izing a B. of R. T. lodge here and we are in
hopes it will help Katie Osbom Lodge No. 288,
as we expect to help them.

No. 288 gave a Thanksgiving social in our hall
Thanksgiving eve, with a swell supper and an
interesting program, consisting of all "Preferred

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Traiofl of the Rock Island on the Dmsion Coining
m CD Tiaie/' which wms sreatly applauded by
those present Owinflr to inckmency of tha
weather the crowd was unall, about one hundred
and fifty present, although we cleared $52^0.
Now we think as well as the public doea, it was
a success both socially and financially. And by
it we hope to gain neiw members, and we are in
hopes the boys' charter >vill get here soon, as so
Bany new nkembers are soing to line up in the
Trainmen then, and then we can line up the
vires, mothers and daughters before the first of
the year. Hopin^r And wishing all B. of R. T.
lodges and B. of R. T. auxiliaries the beat of
success, I remain yottrs, in S. L.,

Mamik Vauohm.
♦ ♦ ♦
THE TIME HOa
In the wage adjustments that have been made,
and now going on, the majority of the men have
had to contend with the "time hog" along with
the managements. In one instance, we have in
mind, the rate was raised 5 and 7 cents an hour
and the time changed from twelve to ten hours a
day. The yard foreman had alwasrs had the best
of it and after the adjustment made himself be-
lieve he had his pay reduced. His working hours
were reduced and if he worked twelve hours at
the new rate with the ten per cent increase of-
fered bis wages would be $3.96. Under the new
rate he will receive $4.20 for twelve hours, or S4
cents more than he would have received under
the old rate. He protested against accepting the
new rate because "his pay waa reduced." The
whole trouble was that the differential between the
brakeman and the conductor was reduced from
96 cents a day to 50 cents a day and it hurt. But
the contention wras raised that "the men were
anxious to work tbe 18 hour day at the old rate of
SO cents per hour rather than work ten hours a
day at S5 cents per hour. This is what the "time
hog" means to the rest of the men.
* ♦ 41
THE IDEAL CHURCH.

IT THS KBV. CRARLIS STtLZUb

Here is a message which has just gone out from
our office to our eight thousand ministers. It
presents a motto and an ideal:

*'A Church big enough to overspread a big land;
broad enoufl^ in its Sjonpathies to appeal to and
be appealed to by all classes of society: eager
enough to carry the message of a saving gospel
that an our polyglot people shall hear and un-
derstand; homely enough to make itself at home
among die lowliest; confident enough of the dig-
nity of its mission to press its claims upon the
loftiest; sure enough of its truth to commend the
visdora of God's salvation to the . wise; simple
enoQgfa in its interpretation of the truth that the
simplest-minded may not fail of comprehending;
hopeful enough of its triuntph to be the worthy
minister of a God who would have all men saved;
sagacious enough to adjust itself to its delicate
task; human enough to be all things to all men

and toudi the common human chord; divine
enough to hallow human life at every turn of its
ministry. Pray and work and preach for ttich a
Church."

I believe that the workingmen of the country
would say— "God speed you," to the ministers
who sincerely worked for such an ideal, and they
would say "Amen" to every prayer that petitions
for such a Church.

* * *

SAFETY APPLIANCE LAW DECISION.

United Sutes District Judge McPherson has
just rendered an important decision at Des
Moines, la.

The principal point decided is that due dili-
gence in the inspection and repair of equipment
will not avail as a defense to an action for the
recovery of the penalty under this law. The con-
tention that a carrier must have knowledge of
defects in a car to be guilty of violating the law
is no longer tenabls. Tbe same rule applies as in
the question of intent under the revenue laws and
of good faith in the handling of adulterated goods.

Another important point is that it is a violation
of law to haul a car not equipped with couplers,
as prescribed by the statute, for any distance, no
matter how short. When a car is wrecked in
transit or haa iu couplers pulled out, it cannot
be chained up and moved in that condition with-
out violating the law. It must be repaired on
the spot, or if it becomes necessary to move it a
long distance to a repair point, it must be loaded
on a flat car in order that such movement nuy
be made. It is also held that the couplers on a
car must be in perfect working condition in and
of themselves, and a showing that the uncoupling
could be done by using the lever on the opposite
side of the train without the necessity of a man
going between the cars will not avail as a defense.
The constitutionality of the amended act of 1908,
which makes the law apply to all equipment of a
carrier engaged in interstate commerce, is also
upheld.

♦ ♦ ♦
NOW OR NEVER.

No 617 starts off another year, and the gener-
al opinion of Ifae members is that tbe officers (or
1907 can't be surpassed. Each officer elected
promised to perform his duties to the best of his
ability, and together with the interest shown and
the support of the members, there is no reason
why they should not make a grand success. Our
lodge in the past and at the present time is
making great strides to the front with a member-
ship of which every brother should feel proud, and
I can assure y«u that none need ever feel
ashamed. Of course there is opportunity for
improvement, and with the right men in the right
place, we expect to make new records in the fu-
ture. Like other roads of our size, we have a
few dead ones, who are making great mistakes,
and who don't care to give its their support, but
it is very noticeable that they are always around,
eager to share our benefits whenever there is any
doing. Our road is now managed by a high class

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of officials who advocate a square deal and who
handle our business with courtesy and respect.
They command the respect and good will^of alL
Business in general is very good; all of our regu-
lars are working over-time with the exception
of a few summer make-ups, whose familiar faces
have disappeared with the chilly weather, but
the good material will no doubt return with the
coming spring time. Wishing a bright, happy and
prosperous New Year to all our members, I am,
JouBNAL Agent.

* * *

We suggest that the members of this Brother-
hood settle down for a good hard "think" over
the responsibilities of the wage agreement as it
applies to them. The work of an organization
distinguishes it for all time. The Brotherhood
has made a reputation for being honest in its
work. It has undertaken to bargain for the work
of its members, and whatever has been done by
its committees is binding on the men until it is
properly abrogated. We know that what we have
done in complying with our own laws has caused
considerable mean talk, but there is not one man
who has indulged himself in expression against
the B. R. if^who would dare to go to an employer
and, in seeking a wage agreement, declare that
he would do otherwise.

There is a lot of hot air goes up the chimney
on occasion that "does not go by way of the
transom to the manager's office." "We will not
strike if the Trainmen do" sounds different in
the manager's office to a declaration before a
labor convention to the cifect **tbat no contract is
binding on the men."

Suppose the Engineers, Firemen or Conductors
had trouble with an organixation on their road,
would you expect them to run up town and ask
the Typographical Union to settle it for them?
No, indeed, but their troubles would be taken
to organizations that understand the situation. The
Switchmen haven't dared to take a single com-
plaint to a railway organization, but to the con-
trary, the Switchmen's Journal has expressed it-
self as believing all of them unfit to consider
the grievances of the Switchmen. It seems rather
peculiar that all the merit and goodness of the
railway service is wrapped up in the 8,100 mem-
bers of the S. U., but so the S. U. Pink Sister
will have it

* * * M

LAWFUL CONSPIRACY.

Judge A. L. Sanborn of the United Sutes Dis-
trict Court, Iowa, has decided that men have a
right to strike for any cause or no cause and
even an agreement to strike that may mean legal
damage to the employer is not unlawful if formed
to better labor conditions, according to the de-
cision handed down in the case of the Allis-Chal-
mers Company against the Iron Moulders Union
of Milwaukee.

We believe this is the first decision wherein a
"conspiracy" under these conditions has received
the sanction of the courts. The right to strike
hat been established time and again, but never to

the extent the recent decision appears to have
gone.

While this decision looks to be fair and proper
it is a departure from the custom of granting an
injunction and afterward declaring that the strike
is wholly within the limits of the law. It has
been a growing habit for employers to ask for
damages incurred in a strike and some of the
courts have shown a disposition to follow the
Taff-Vale decision and assess unions for such
claims set up by employers.

It has always been a peculiar proposition that
the courts could compel men to work, but could
not compel the employer to retain them in his
service unless he wanted to do so. It is one of
those one-sided propositions that have brought the
courts into disfavor with the people and has con-
tributed greatly to the belief that the administra-
tion of justice is merely a perfimctory matter,
able to maintain its decrees because the people
fear rather than respect the laws as set forth by
the courts.

The decision of Judge Sanborn is out of the
ordinary and more in line with what we believe
to be fair. The employer seeks damages because
his men leave him; the men would not dream of
asking damages if the same employer locked them
out. This decision places both on the same plat-
form.

This decision does not in any way interfere
with the right of any other court to decide ex-
actly to the contrary. The laws are not uniform
and there is no concert of opinion in court deci-
sions under the same laws.
* * *

Newark Lodge No. 219. — ^The old year has
been a profitable one to us in many ways. We
have increased our membership and have lost very
few members, and our treasury is on a good finan-
cial basis. We have a good set of officers and the
lodge is run in a business-like manner, -and we
can enter upon the new year feeling well satisfied
with what we have accomplished. It only requires
concerted and persistent action on the part of
officers and members of a lodge to produce re-
sults. Ours is a noble order and we must all
work for its welfare and keep it up to its high
standing. By the time our next Jouekal appears
almost every railroad company will have made
material advance in wages to its employes, and
in some cases a reduction of hours of work. In
some cases the advance in wages was made vol-
untarily by the companies — in other cases the men
had to ask for it, and almost fight for it. The
latter is to be deplored. It seems strange that in
this age of progressiveness and prosperity that
any body of men should have to ask for living
wages and shorter hours of labor. There is no
body of men who need short hours more than our
railroad men. To successfully operate a train a
man must be possessed of all his five senses, but
he cannot be thiw equipped if he is worn out by
long hours of labor, and the sooner railroad com-
panies begin to realize this fact the better it will
be for them. While some companies are looking
to the comfort and physical well-being of their

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employes by making conditions better, not all are
doing I , but they should. The Philadelphia &
Reading Co. has refused to recognize the Broth-
erhoods, and there is likely to be trouble, and on
the other hand the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. is
making great changes at Pittsburg to give their
men a comfortable place to rest in after their
day's work. There should be no such differences.
If one c'bmpany can do business on an eight hour
tesis, there is no reason why all cannot do the
same. It is the same in any line of business. The
era of a shorter workday is upon us. It has
started and it will grow. It can not be stopped,
nor will it be stopped until every roan who works
for his living will have eight hours to work, eight
hours to sleep, eight hours to do as he likes, and
more than this, all overtime will be given to ex-
tra men. That b what the printers are going to
do. They will allow no man to work more than
48 hours for a week^ and this is what everybody
wants, especially the railroad men. I am well
aware that there are some railroad men who will
take exceptions to my words here — I refer to
those who are always looking for overtime. They
are to be found on every railroad, but I do not
care. I would like to convert them to see the
error of their way. When I was in railroad serv-
ice I at times looked for it, but, boys, it does not
pay in the end — physically or financially, and I
want to live to see the day when the hours of
labor for all railroad men will be not more than
eight, for they are too valuable a class of men to
wear themselves out by long hours. But, all this
will develop in due time. Conditions have changed
greatly, and by the natural order of affairs they
will change for the future to more desirable ends.

JomNAL Agent, No. 219.

* * *

Business Subscribers Received For
December

Under this head the Journal wt'll print once
the name, business and business address of each
business firm, or, of each person in business for
himself, or, representing a business firm as its
agent who labscnbes for one year. The idea is
to inform our readers who among their businessmen
have subscribed and to recommend to them the
fairness of giving their patronage to those who have
patronized the Journal.

TEXAS.

Received from J. J. Johnson, Lodge No. 416:
MEXIA.

Hodges & Smith, Groceries.

Jackson Bros., Hardware. *

Mexia Drug Co., Drugs,

Mecca Cafe Co.m Cafe.

J. F. Houx, Manager N. Y. Bargain House.

W. H. HarUey, Barber.

R. A. Parker, SecreUry and Treasurer Munger
Oil and Cotton Co.

J. A. Sparks, Restaursnt.

W. H. Teague, Liquor Dealer.

H. M. Johnson, Wholesale Grocer.

J. M. Tidwcll, Barber.

W. J. Hancock, Constable.

W. H. Lewis, City Marshal.

D. H. Butler, Agent Waters-Pierce Oil Co.
H. T. McCorkle, Groceries.

Dr. Z. T. Goolsby, Physician and Surgeon.
Gantz & McDonald, Meat Market
R. J. Ellington, Real Estate.
Rueben Long, Undertaker.
Stephens & Colwell. Livery, Feed and Sale
Stables.

Carey May, Laundry Agent.

W. E. Roberts, Groceries.

Roy Glover, Broker.

Dr. J. L. Metcalf. Dentist.

Wood & Glover, Gents' Furnishings.

TEAGUE.
R. R. Cundiff, Druggist.
J. W. Rhea, Confectioner.
L. D. Sanders, Barber.
King Brothers, General Merchandise.
J. C. Dunn, Meat Market.
King & West, Confectioners.
Morris & Williams, Cafe.
Allen Starr, Barber.
Parker & Blackmon^ Hardware.
H. J. Sterling, Livery and Feed Stable.

E. B. St. Clair, Cashier First National Bank.
E. V. Headlce, Physician and Surgeon.
Hendrix &Webb, General Merchandise.

J. W. Sims, Dry Goods.

W. R. T. Drumwright, Furniture and General
supplies.

A. S. Hendrix & Son, Meat Market.

COOLEDGE.
D. A. Kerzee, Munger Cotton Gin.
J. R. Neece. Jr., J. R. Neece Lumber Co.
MUNGER.

B. F. Hancock, Manager, Gin.

BARELA.

C. R. Lofland, Farmer.

DATURA.
Bennett & lley. General Merchandise.

HILLSBORO.
McDonald Bros., Barbers.
Hunter's Restaurant, Restaurant.
Hillsboro Sanitarium.
G. T. McSpadden, Waters-Pierce Oil Co.
J. M. Brown, Pool HalL

PERSONVILLE.
W. A. Davis, Manager Railway Construction.

GROESBECK.
J. E. Gresham, Sheriff.

NEWARK. OHIO.
Received from C. H. Gaither, Lodge No. 169:
Larus & Altheimer Co., Ed Snyder, Manager, 40
N. Sd street.

Newark Steam Dye Works. T. S. Briggle Man-
ager, 111 W. Main.

C. Ankele, Barber Shop, Cigars and Tobacco.
C. H. Stimson, Physician, 86 N. 2nd street.
Bcsaneeney & Henneberg, Furniture, Carpets
and Stoves, 16 N. 2nd street

RONCEVERTE, W. VA.
Received from C. H. Lowe, Lodge No. 672:
W. J. S. McQasky, The Tobacconist
Albert Slaughter, Barber Shop and Bath.
Cease & Hutchison, Piedmont ResUurani
Folden Bros., General Merchandise.

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100

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

Ronceverte Racket Store. E. G. White, Prop.

P. A. George & Co., Druggists.

J. H. Fry & Son. Jewelers.

Levy Bros., Ladies' and Gent's Outfitters.

A. M. Hubbard, Groceries.

Jackson, Cackley & Co., General Merchants.

James D. Lixik & Co., Ladies* and Gentlemen's
Wear.

RHINELANDER. WIS.

Received from Sam Swartz, Lodge No. 108.

F. W. Krueger, Soo Barber Shop, 196 Thayer.

F. J. Koepke, Soo Restaurant, 220 Thayer.

H. N. Buck Clothing House. Devenport Street.

Chas. Fredrickson, The City Clothing Store, 24
Brown.

JACKSON, MICH.

Received from L. W. Swick Lodge No. 121.

Galluji & Lewis, Fomiture, South Mechanic Street

H. M. Eaton, Manager Gas Co., 601 W. Franklin.

M. F. Conway, Druggist, 988 E. Main.

I. R. WUson, Grocer, 424 £. Main.

J. P. Bycraft, Jackson Junction Lunch Room,

J. D. Farrell, Panama Hotel, 827 Page Avenue.
WHEELING, W. VA.

Received from S. P. Kendrick, Lodge No. 179:

House & Herman, Furniture, 128 Market.

Gailey Mitchell, Livery and Feed Stable, 45
20th street.

Harkins & Pfaffenbach, Tailors, 2168 Main.

Herman Zwicker, The Bowery, 20 16th street.
PITTSBURG, PA.

Dr. B. B. Wood. 2118 6th avenue.
McKEES ROCKS. PA.

Received from Jas. Nicodemus, Lodge No. 821:

Henry Mellinkoff, Tailor, 617 Chartiers avenue.

Chas. Eberlein, Fresh Meats, 741 Boquet.

A. L. Hamal, Fresh and Smoked Meats. 808
O'Donovan.

Dr. G. S. Bubb, Examiner for Lodge No. 821,
817 Island avenue.

H. C. Leonhart, Barber, 800 Island avenue.
Hotel Weaver. 616 Island avenue.
SHERIDANVILLE.

James McHendry, Gents' Furnishings, Char>
tiers avenue.

J no. Walter, Barber, comer Harwood and Char-
tiers.

First National Bank of Sheridan, Harwood st

Sheridan Dairy Co., Harwood street
CHAMA, N. M.

Received from P. D. Borden, Lodge No. 401:

T. D. Bums & Son, General Merchandiser
PENNSYLVANIA.

Received from W. B. Neff, Lodge No. 117:
DRUMORE.

Howard Frylye, Hotel.

COLUMBIA.

Chas. Wiser. Butcher.

LANCASTER.

Geo. Hofmcier, Fumiture Dealer.
FAIRBURY. NEB.

Received from J. P. McGilUcuddy, Lodge No.
400:

O. E. Chambers. Restaurant
TEXAS.

Received from R. B. Jones, Lodge No. 899:

SKIDMORE.
Nations & Clare, Railroad Hotel.
Louis Walter, Cashier First State Bank.

ALICE.
Chas. Dubose, Broker.
H. G. Luddns, Lumber Dealer.

KENEDY.
P. R. Goff, Railroad Hotel
SEGUIN.
J. B. Dilrell, Attorney.

POTTSTOWN. PA.
Received from Samuel C Forges. Lodge No.
665:
W. C. Bechtel, Shoes and Footwear, 152 Hige.
Silknitter, The Grocer, 419 Beech.

HUTCHINSON. KANSAS.
Received from T. C McLaughlin, Lodge No.
217:

J. H. Hadsall, Fresh and Cured Meats. 100 N.
Main.

PARIS. TEXAS.
Received from Geo. W. Botto, Lodge No. 518:
B. F. Ledger, Confectionery, 105^ S. Square.

EXETER. MO.
Jno. Bridgeman, Produce Dealer.

MONETT. MO.
J. F. Campbell, Restaurant
Campbell & McDonell, Restaurant and Confec-
tionery.

O. P. Shafer. Real EsUte and Loans.
Logan D. McKee, Druggist

FORT SMITH. ARK.
Klein & Fink, Jewelry and Watch Inspectors,
701 Garrison avenue.

G. H. Miller, Barber Shop, 507 Garrison avenue.

TEXAS.
Received from L. P. Maynard, Lodge No. 868:

HEARNE.
J. J. HalU Heame Democrat.
PALESTINE.
Grand Leader, Dry Goods, etc
READING. PA.
Received from W. H. Gibson, No. 178:
L. L. Levi, GenU' Furnisher, 658 Penn.

COLFAX, CAL.
Received from J. A. Norman, No. 748:
R. A. Peers, Physician.

SPARTANBURG, S. C
Received from R. Whitlack, No. 812:
H. Price, Qothmg.
D. C. Carrell. Jeweler.
Trakas & Lambry, Wholesale Fruit Dealers.
Barnes & Cugler, Leading Hatters.

BUFFALO. N. Y.
Received from A. B. Harkins, Lodge No. 187:
Wm- Rosanske, Keystone Barber Shop, 258 Jef-
ferson.

Frank Ehernfried, Watchmaker and Jeweler. 485
S. Division.
Jos. F. Smith, Merchant Tailor, 751 Seneca.

AVOCA. PA.
Received from W. M. Howell, Lodge No. 888:
Dr. C W. Price. Main street.
Walter Jeffries, Carpenter, Pittaton avcntic.
Jacob Webster, Shoe Dealer, Main street

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

101

LONG PINE. NEB.

Received from Gil Wilcox, Lodge No. 190:

H. W. Van Meter, Van's Place.

CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA.

Received from H. M. Clark, Lodge No. 60:

Stark's HoteL

JACKSON. TENN.

Received from L. P. Gamer, Lodge No. 816:

W. J. Lanier, Grocer, Poplar street.

Pinkston & Scruggs, Drugs, Liberty street

City Lumber Co., Poplar street

Bennett & Shuck, Grocers, Poplar street

Holland Qotbing Co., Lafayette street

McCall & Hughes Clothing Co., Lafayette and
Church.

C. R. Collins, Printer, E. Main street

C. B. McKee, Cafe, N. Liberty street.

Alexander & Rose, Furniture, Lafayette street
OTTUMWA. IOWA. *

Received from P. H. Sheridan, Lodge No. 787:

N. W. Cowels, Jewelery and R. R. Watches,
SOS E. Main.

Celania Bros., Fruits, Candies and Tobacco, 807
£. Main.

Jas. H. Conroy, Wines and Liquors, 837 W.
Main.

Sam Hays, The Derby Saloon, 818 E. Main.

Fred Stellcr, Meats, 818 £. Main.

Jno. S. McCue, Palace ResUurant, 826 E. Main.

Martin Furniture Co., 282 E. Main.

Stephen Barnes, Groceries and Meat, 042 W. 2d.

Henry Throne, Groceries and Meat «80 W. 8d.

Dr. S. A. Spilman, Hofihnan Building.

E. C Fox, The Original Milwaukee Chop House,
1018 W. Sherman.

F. Z. Kidd & Co., East End Drug Co., 084 W.

Harry Miller, Chop House, West Sherman.

J. E. Mitchell, Groceries and Fresh Meat 100
W. 2d.

R. S. Thomas, Coal and Feed, 104 N. McLean.

Herman J. Schmidt Wines and Cigars, 801 W.
Main.

Lair & Johnson, Wines and Cigars, 286 W.
Main.

Tom O'Brien, Wfaies and liquors, 1001 W.
Sherman. *

Com Exchange, Mathews & Porter, Props.,
Wines and Cigars, 212 S. Market.

East End Supply Co., Meats and Groceries, cor-
ner Main and Iowa avenues.

Pat McGraw, Philips Big Store, 208 E. Main.
DAVENPORT.

Rockenham Hotel. R. F. D. No. 6.
TRUCKEE, CAL.

Received from J. A. Norman, Lodge No. 748:

Tahoe Meat Market

ANGELICA. N. Y.

Received from Brother F. H. Woods, Lodge
No. 688:

Thomas Hunt, Meat Market, 1420 Main street
GRAND ISLAND. NEBRASKA.

Received from Bro. C F. Hull, Lodge No. 184:

H. H. Golver & Co.. Dry Goods, Groceries,
Shoes, W. 8rd.

Wolesteholm & Steeme, Men's Furnishings, 201
W. M.

Aug. Meyers, Jeweler and Optician, W. 8rd.

S. N. Wolbach, The Big Clothing Store, Cor.
8rd and Pine.

Miller, Undertaker, W. 8rd.

Ira T. Paine, Monuments, etc. 819 W. 8rd.

W. Smith. Shoemaker, N. Pine.

Roberts & Son, Hay, Feed, Grain, Flour, Cor.
4th and Kimble.

J. Smentoski, Tailor, N. Pine.

BIG SPRINGS. TEXAS.

Received from Bro. E. A. Wright, Lodge No.
682:

Dr. B. Burnett, Physician and Surgeon.

Western Telephone Company.

J. O. Hartzog, Ginner.

BAIRD, TEXAS.

J. W. Woods, Attorney.

ODESSA. TEXAS.

J. M. Frame.

PUEBLO. COLO.

Received from Mrs. L. Hunt:

J. D. Collins, Furniture Dealer, 816 6th.

Z. Taub, New York Ck>thing Store, 311 S.
Union Avenue.

P. Poe Grocery Co., 606 E. 10th.

C W. Daniels, Furniture Co., 2106 Grand ave.

Crews, Beggs Dry Goods Co.

Bergerando Brothers, Ladies' and Gent's Out-
fitters, 606 E. Evans avenue.

E. R. Glover, Druggist, 118 E. Evans avenue.
PITTSBURG, KANS.

Received from N. A. Gill, Lodge No. 107:

W. H. Cleveland, Groceries, 606 E. 7th.

Eubanks & Gudgel, St James' Hotel, 701 N.
Michigan avenue.

Newby Brothers, P. G. ResUurant 612 E. 7th.

W. S. Hale, Watch Inspector for K. C S.,
606 E. 7th.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Received from W. H. Ra>v. Lodge No. 179:
PITTSBURl*.

C C Kohne. Hardware, 106 Hazelwood ave.
JACOB'S CREEK.

Max Ginder, Ginder Hotel.

POINT MARION.

W. T. Devlin. Point Marion Hotel.
WEST NEWTON.

Dr. D. R. Sheplcr.

SCOTTDALE, W. VA.

Dr. G. H. Brownfield.

ATLANTA, GA

Received from W. C. Puckett, Lodge, No. 802:

Westmoreland Brothers. Lawyers. Century bldg.

Jno. M. Slaton. Lawyer, Prudential bldg.

Blumenthal & Bkkart Wholesale Whiskies, 44
Marietta.

Phil Schwartz, Saloon, 29 S. Pryor.

James L. Mason. Lawyer. Century bldg.

Globe Clothfaig Co.. 89 Whitehall.

J. R. Seawright, Saloon, 180 Forawalt

Chas. L. Chosewood, CapiUlist Little Switz-
land.

FORT WORTH, TEX.

Received from A. J. Jackson. Lodge No, 81:

Maxey & Myers, Attorneys, 700 Houston.

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102

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

PITTSBURG, PA.

Recdved from A. F. Morton, Lodge No. 226:

Hotel Loebig, 1210 Penn avenue.

Hotel Savoy, 1180 Liberty avenue.

C. Kirsch, Barber, 1217 Penn avenue.

Arn£eld*s Qothing House, 1119 Penn avenue.

Jot. De Roy & Sons, Jewelers, 807 Smithfield.
ALTOONA, PA.

Received from J. W. Helman, Lodge No. 174:

A. Claycomb, Groceries, 1800 10th avenue.

J. C. Barr« Groceries and Produce, 1088 11th
avenue.

J. B. Smull, Shoes and Repairing, 14th street

J. J. Kelly, Commercial Hotel, 912 8th avenue.

Hotel Royal.

J. Kazmaier, Germania Brewery.

J. M. Davis, Meat Market, 1804 18th avenue.

G. A. Azar, Candy and Fruts, 1110 11th street.

Richelieu Hotiel.

Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., 1801 11th avenue.
AKRON, OHIO.

Received from O. Stoll, Lodge No. 482:

Klager Coal & Ice Co.

M. Burkhardt Brewing Co.

H. Gordon Scrap Iron & MeUl Co., 667-507
S. High.

J. Overmeier's Cafe, Washington and Ledge.

Received from S. P. Kendrick, Lodge No. 179:
CRAFTON. PA.

A. B. Daly, General Manager W. Va. Natural
Gas Co.

WHEELING. W. VA.

S. Johnson, City Tax Collector, 2841 Goff
street

SIOUX CITY, IOWA.

Received from A. H. Green, Lodge No. 247:

Dr. J. H. Robbins, Medical Examiner for B.
R. T.. Met. block.

Samuel Gibson, Val Blats Saloon, 618 4th.
MANILLA.

Kehr's Department Store.

WICHITA. KANS.

Received from C. R. Dusenberry, Lodge No.
856:

Herman & Hess, Up-To-Date Clothing.

Dr. J. L. Evans, Physician and Surgeon,
Barnes block.

Geo. A. Priesser, Coal Dealer, 185 Pattie ave.

Drs. Taylor & Logsdon, 112 E. Douglas.

A. E. Johnson, Groceries, 228 W. Douglas.

YEWED, OKLA.
J. H. Hebel, Farmer.

CHESTER. PA.
Received from W. A. Sill, Lodge No. 868:
H. G. McAlden, Groceries, 6tb and Kerlin.
Jno. Knox, Tonsorial Parlor, 8rd and Pennell.
H. G. Innis. Hatter and Furnisher, 86 W 8rd.
M. M. Cunningham, Boots & Shoes, 802 W 8rd.

PARKERSBURG, W. VA.
Recti ved from H. R. Vance, Lod^e No. 855.
The Big Store, Clothiers and Jobbers.
Nauery & Marquis, Qothing and Gent's Fur-
nishings, 207 8rd street

C. G. Wetsel, Barber Shop, 818 Srd street
J. N. Murdoch & Co., Wholesale and Retail

Druggists.
John W. Mather. B. & O. Watch Inspector,

406 Market street
Nathan, General Furnishings, 825 Ann street
T. J. Garrity, Liquors, 127 to 181 Ann street
Parkersburg Paint Store, Wall Paper and Paints,

210 8rd street.

E. T. Devore, The Fair, 128 8rd street

Grimm's Drug Store, 8rd street

M. Greenwald & Co., Diamonds, Watches and

Jewelry, 208 8rd street

Oil Well Supply Co., Corner Ann and 8rd St

Wm. Samuels, Butcher, 218 Ann street

Geo. L. Ruddell, Clothing and Notions, 610

7th street
James M. Cross, Cafe, 614 7th street
M. H. Pease, Grocer, 634 7lh street
Patton & Neal Co., Furniture, Carpets and

Undertakers, 601 7th street
Laury, The Shoe Man, 708 7th street
J. D. Nawery, Ladies' and Gent's Furnish-
ings, 714 7th street
W. H. Pritchard & Harrington, Bar and Cafe,

718 7th street

M. A. Feeney, Bar and Cafe, 724 7th street.
Mrs. E. Scheinder, Bar and Cafe, 602 Market

street
Simpson Brothers, Fruit and Vegetable Market,

619 Market street
A. H. Wilson, Bar and Cafe, 600 Market street
O. W. Hendershot, General Store, Hay and

Feed, 823 7 th street
James Feeney, Dry Goods and Groceries, comer

7th and Mary streets.

East End Grocery Co., 811 7th street, James

Flaherty, manager.
P. T. Braden, Groceries and Notions, 803 7th

street

G. T. Ward, Grocery and Meat Market, 620

7th street

Parkersburg Mantel Store, 814 6th street

R. F. Murphy & Co., Grocers, 618 Market

street.

FORT SCOTT. KAN.
Received from S. D. Payne, Lodge No. 17:
A. L. McReady, Grocer, 607 S. Margrane.
H. G. Wolscy, Music Dealer, 111 S Main.

E. H. Blakeley, Clothier.

D. Prager & Sons, Jewelry, 18 S. Main.
McLain Shoe Store, 10 S. Main.
Rodecker Brothers, Clothing and Shoes, 11 to

17 N. Main.

ST. LOUIS, MO.
Received from M. J. Murphy, Lodge No. 64:
John Savage, Supt R. Brown Oil Co., 2658
Eads.

CANONSBURG, PA.
Received from H. W. Bolt, Lodge No. 671:

F. W. Budke, Stamping Co.

P. H. Brady, Contractor and Builder, S. Cen-
tral avenue.
Taylor ft Crawford, Building Supplies.
White Rock Supply.
Canonsburg Milling Co.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

103

Doiuldton ft Edwirds, Groceries and Provi-
tions.

Hopper Bros., Undertakers and Furniture Deal-
ers.

McNary ft Fulton, Undertakers and Livery.

H. L. Cockins» Furniture and Carpets.

W. S. Dixon, General Hauling.

J. S. Washabangli, Hardware and Builders' Sup-
plies.

WASHINGTON. D. C.

Received from J. D. Whitehead, Lodge No. 641:

F. Schwale, Sight-seeing Auto Coach, 600 Penna.
avenue N. W.

Howard House, 6th and Penna. avenue.
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

Received from J. Appleby, Lodge No. 869:

Gns. Payne, L & G. N. Barber Shop, 1421 W.
Commerce*

F. J. Beitel, Lumber, 1424 W. Commerce.
SALEM, ILL.

Received from O. E. Sunford, Lodge No. *76:

Irwins Drug Store, West Main street.

The Rockbottom Store, Gents* Furnishings,
Shoes and Headlight Overall, N.-Main street

Pruden ft Gramley, Groceries and Meat Market,
N. Main street

The Globe Qothing Co., Oothing and Gents'
Furnishings.

C. E. Hull, Hull Telephone System.

W. McGlumphy, Shaving Parlor and Laundry
Ofike.
F. C Hensley, Hull Emporium.

CARLIN, NEVADA.
Received from W. A. Perkins, Lodge No. S18:
Harvey McAdams, Proprietor Overland Hotel

FAIRBURY. OKLA.
Received from C R. Dusenberry, Lodge No.
866:
N. P. Bullock, General Merchandise.
B. M. Thurman, Billiards and PooL
Jno. Gresham, Shoemaker.
B. T. Higgs, Machine Shop.

LONGDALE. OKLA

D. E. Twiggs, Stockman.

OLNEY, ILL.
Received from Mrs. Anna C Seibold, L. A.,
Lodge No. 288:
J. M. Prather, Proprietor of National Hotel.
Miss Nellie Venable, Photographer.

WASHINGTON, IND.
The Bell Clothing Co., 220 Main.
Tcrre Haute Brewing Co.
N. H. Jepson, Jeweler and Optician.
H. L. Cox, The Good Clothing Store.

EAST ST. LOUIS, ILL.
Felson Brothers, Kentucky Liquor House, 656
Colinsville avenue.

LOUISVILLE. KY.
Received from H. A. Carfield, Lodge No. 156:
Sanders ft Scoon, Sign Writers, W. Jefferson.
Goodman ft Nathan, Clothing ft Shoes, Second
and Market

Globe Security ft Trust Co., 809 4th avenue.
W. Kanzinger, Cafe, 1647 Story avenue.

CHICAGO, ILL.
Received from J. S. Cusick. Lodge No. 4:
Tlerrick ft Hopkins, Artificial Limbs. 69-71
Dearborn street

RACINE, WIS.
Received from J. S. Riley, Lodge No. 191:
Hanley Brothers, Erie street
Am. Skein ft Foundry Co., Radne Junction.
Mitchell ft Lewis.
Lake Side Mall. Casting Co.
Lang Manufacturing Co.
Case Brothers, Flour and Feed.
H. J. Smith, Jeweler.
Gold Medal Camp Furniture Co.
Johnson ft Kuehnman.
Bell City Manufacturing Co.
Racine Rifg. Co.
Oleson & Son.
J. J. Case Plow Co.
Hartman Trunk Co.
Bell City Mall. Iron Co.
Fisbrick, Fox ft Hilkee.

NOTICE OF GRAND DUES ASSESSMENT No. 104
FEBRUARY. 1907. TWENTY- FIVE CENTS.

Grand Lodgeof the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen

OPPICC OP GRAND SECRETARY AND TREASURER

TO SUBORDINATE LODGES: Clevblakd, Ohio. Jamuary 1. 1907

Dbar Sirs and Brothbrs: You are hereby notified that the amount of Twenty-Five
Centa for Grand Dues Assessment No. 104, for the month of Feb., 1907. Is due
from each and every member, and must be paid to the Financier before the first day of
Feb., 1907. A member faillnc to make payment as herein required shall be-
come expelled without notice or action. See Section 128, Constitution Subordinate
I«odKes.

The Financier Is required to forward said Assessment to the Grand Lodge before
Feb. 5, 1907, for each member on the roll, and
for members admitted or readmitted during the month of ^

Feb. the Financier must send this Assessment with ^y^^-'i^^JK ^
the report of admission as per Section 105, Constitution ^y ^^^r\ - y

Subordinate Lodges. '^

Fraternally your*. --^-m* m,^mfmm%^

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STATtMtNT OF CLAIMS PAID DURING THK MONTH OF NOVEMBER. 1906

CLAIM.

11666
11879
11946
11061
12040
12066
12077
12078
12070
12080
12081
12082
12088
12084
12086
12086
12087
12088
12089
12090
12091
12098
12098
12094
12096
12096
12097
12008
12099
12100
12101
12108
12108
12104
12106
12106
12107
12108
18109
18110
18111
12118
12118
18114
18116
12116
12117
12118
18119
18120
18181
12128
18128
12124
12126
12126
12127
12128
12129
12180
12181
12188
12188
18184
18136
18186
12187
18188
18189
18140
18141
12148
18148
18144
18146
12146
12147
12148
12149
12150
12161
12158
12158
12154
12166
12156
12 67

i::68

NAICB.

LODGE.

Chas. Fountaine 71

B. H. Roberts 689

Patrick Riordan 118

U. L. Soles 618

Sam P. Pine 98

B. R. Price 156

Timothy Buckley 96

E. B. Brimble 170

L. M. Knight 454

G. C. Hicks 17

W. D. Gingrich 486

W. E. Harrow 647

O. D. Green 741

A. L. Watson 84

T. J. Vizard, Sr 811

Geo. A. Taylor 8

A. B. Hughes 188

W. H. Stuart 116

D. M. Adams 667

L. A. White 678

E. F. Kuhn 68

F. R. Gates 828

F. W. Ford 48

C. W. Mulcair 201

H. H. Menear 618

S. Tierncy 628

R. B. Lounsbury 163

F. Radner 289

R. F. McDougal 846

E. Rockwell 86

.109
.267
.408
.471
.868
.298
.140
.860
. 98
.466
.184
. 66
4

w. r
c. E

O. A
F. \
E. Ik

E. C
H. S
A. C
C. E

E. C
John _

F. B. Donley 88

A. F. Fourgous 840

H. L. Inman 286

J. F. Murphy 477

W. H. Bowcn 94

V. E. Wilson 489

W. Barton ^ 14

W. W. Larson 24

J. H. Andrews 278

F. T. Williams 621

E. L. Butts 700

Irving DeLong ••••••148

Fred Strucker 199

R. S. Cunningham ...811

J. M. Combs 878

S. S. StoUard 414

R. H. Stoner 84

Peter Baltz 149

T. T. Maher 168

F. M. Keiser 158

J. J. Powers 199

Jno. A. Collins .,»... 210

C. E. Richmond 282

H. M. Moore 248

D. N. Rhodes 268

Harry M. Tuman ....277

W. B. Winston 846

T. A. Ferrell 849

W. N. Hillman 680

H. B. Foley 426

H. W. Bodkins 16

E. W. Baker 177

T. A. Robinson 281

J. G. Earles 851

J. H. Taylor 581

G. G. Hadley 621

J. A. Swigcr 696

Tas. Adams 637

D. C. Henderson 86

E. P. Ryan 187

Edw. F. Fry 187

Wm. Jones 187

J. C. Sedgwick 196

H. Zimmerman 889

C. F. Mahoncy 698

PAID TO. ADDtZSI. AMOUNT.

Thos. Fountaine, Bemardston, Mass. $1,090.00

Serepta L. Roberts, Mew Orleans, La 1,000.00

Dennis Callahan, Gdn., PhiUdelphia, Pa. 1,000.00

Howard and Eva Soles, McKeesporL Pa. 1,850.00

Thos. Farrington, Admr.. St. Joseph, Mo 1,360.00

Lou Price Lawrence, Sabetha, Kas 1,000.00

Annie Buckley. Scranton. Pa. ; 1,860.00

Mary A. Brimble, Jean, Wash. 1,860.00

L. M. Knight, Charleston, W. Va. 600.00

Clementine Hicks, Ft Scott, Kas. 1,850.00

W. D. Gingrich, Sioux City, la. 1,350.00

ir„. 7 xj ^ ^:... ^^ i;s60.00

»h 1,850.00

IIL 1,360.00

New Orleans, La. 1,350.00

N. J 1,860.00

1,000.00

600.00

Wash 1,860.00

111 600.00

1,860.00

, Pa. 1,860.00

1,860.00

n. Conn. 1,360.00

t. Pa. 1,360.00

p. 600.00

^ ^ „ ,. _ , J. Y 1.860.00

Gertrude L. Radner. Rochester, N. Y 1,860.00

Emma E. McDougal, Bethlehem, Pa 600.00

Amanda Rockwell, Gallon, 0 1,850.00

Ida M. Stinson^ Loganspprt, Ind 1,360.00

Fannie Neff, Piedmont, W. Va 1,360.00

Mary A. Badenhauer. San Francisco, CaL .... 1,860.00

Teremiah O'Connor, Mahanoy Plane, Pa. 1,000.00

Nannie A. Matheny, Pallas, Tex. 1,860.00

J. A. Lutz, Lchighton, Pa 1,860.00

Ida T. Austin, Nottingham, 0 1,360.00

^T**^ 5**^*J» Albany, N. Y 1,360.00

H. S. Roe, St. Joseph, Mo 1,860.00

Mary Roeber, Chicago, 111 1,850.00

Catherine Campbell, Baltimore, Md 1,860.00

Lydia Truckenmiller, Davenport, la. 1,860.00

Alice and Mrs. John Butterfield, Chicago, 111.. 1,350.00

Evelyn M. Dcniey, Worcester, Mass 1,350.00

Laurence Fourffous, Sacramento, Cal 1,360.00

Kate Inman, Edgeworth, Pa.\ 1,350 00

hr 1; Murphy, Prescott, Ariz 1,860.00

W. H. Bowen, Carbondale, Pa 1.360.00

V. E. WUson, High Point, N. C lloOO.OO

Eliza Barton, Montreal, Oue. 1,350.00

Jno. Larson, Galesburg^ 111 600.00

Caroline L. Andrews. Los Angeles, Cal 1,850.00

Almira Williams, Salem, Mass 600.00

E. L. Butts, Bradley, 111 1,860.00

Irving DeLong, East bvracuse, N. Y 1,860.00

Wilhelmina Strucker, Erie, Pa 1,850.00

Mary M. Cunninsham, Montreal, Que. 1,360.00

Virginia Combs, Meridian, Miss. 600.00

Tamson A. StoUard, Bement, 111. 1,860.00

R. H. Stoner, Galesburg, 111 600.00

'^ '^ * "^ ~ 1,860.00

1,860.00

V 1,860.00

1.860.00

1,850.00

1,360.00

Pa. 1,860.00

1,860.00

t>l. 1,860.00

1,860.00

1.860.00

as 1,360.00

1,360.00

1,860.00

»n 1,000.00

1,860.00

Va. 1,860.00

1,860.00

Pa. 1,860.00

1,000.00

1,860.00 ^

1,860.00

N. Y 1,860.00

. Y 1,860.00

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The Ladder of Life

BY ADELBERT CLARK

We an are dimbmg the ladder of life.

However great or small we may be ;

1 In sunshine or shower by day or night.

On the solid earth or ragmg sea;

i Whether dull or joyous, it matters not.

For each has his fitde work to do

1 Eire he reaches the topmost rung of life.

Mean or noble, or false or true.

We an are climbing the ladder of life,

! 1 BattKng with joy or grief or pain.

1 1 Toiliiig away with the anvil or plow.

Planning and testing — seeking to gain ;

Often forgetting the promise of God,

Bowing to Satan and serving him ;

Forfeiting souls for a castle of Fame,

]

Looking to Qirist with a faith that's dim.

We an are climbing the ladder of life.

From palace or hovel, from hut or haU ;

To the stars and beyond where hopes are built.

I
1
1

Whether we reach them or slip and f aU ;

Whether our labor is evil or good.

Woven with love or worshiped with strife, —

It matters not, who, or what, we are, —

Each is climbing the ladder of life.

1
1

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RMIMaD TBAINMEN5 JOUSml

■■■■h'^^- 'J> ^^^l4!S^ ~ ^——^—W^P^— HUNTS' '^' *«"*i**M*4C "^ - ^B* ■•iJ^ !•«'■' *

PabllslMd Monthlr by ihm Brotherhood of BaiIro»d Trainmen.
Entered nt^he poet-olBoe at OleveUnd, Ohio, •• Moond-olaM matter.

D. L. CEASE
EdITOK AMD MANAen

subscsiption psicb
$1.00 Pbk Ybab In Advancb

Vol. XXIV,

FEBRUARY 1907.

No. 2

The Seward Peninsula, Northwestern Alaska.

A. L. JENKINS.

|NE who has never visited the
Seward Peninsula, can have but
little conception of its vast pos-
sibilities, as a producer of min-
eral wealth.

Since the summer of 1899, when Anvil
and Dexter creeks, and the gold laden
sands of Nome Beach were first actually
operated, the output of gold from this dis-
trict has steadily increased. According to
the most authentic statistics, the weahh of
the world has been enhanced over thirty-
seven millions of dollars since the discov-
ery of gold in this region; and with the
man}' ditches completed, and others in the
course of construction, together with the
railway building and other development
work which has been vigorously pushed
during the past season, the country's future
is full of promise which should multiply its
output many fold.

Although gold has been discovered on
more than one hundred different creeks and
gulches, at points between Kotzebue Sound
and Norton Bay, and marvelous develop-
ments have taken place on the tundra ad-
jacent to Nome, it is not to placer mining
alone that the inhabitants look for future
prosperity.

In the mountain ranges, free milling gold
has been discovered and ledges of galena,
graphite, quicksilver, cinnabar, lead and
copper have been exposed, and tin has been
found in commercial quantities, both in allu-
vial deposits, and in its native matrices.
Coal has been discovered in some districts,
which to a great extent will, in time solve
the fuel problem. The formation of this
country is what is known as mica-schist.
The gold is found in the beds of streams
where it has been concentrated for ages.
It is also found in ancient channels which
are known as bench diggings, and it is
found almost everywhere in lesser quanti-
ties in the tundra and scattered through
the hills.

The Seward Peninsula is 27,600 square
miles in extent, and is shaped like a great
flint arrow head, the point at Cape Prince
of Wales, the neck being the portaj^e be-
tween Norton and Kotzebue sounds, a dis-
tance of about eighty miles.

The Peninsula in extent is about one-
eighth of that part of Alaska north of the
Yukon River.

An attempt at a more minute description
of the country would necessitate a division
of the immense area.

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108 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The features and resources of this big gulches which have never been prospected,

country are too diverse for description in and their possibilities of mineral wealth are

one story. There are parts of the country yet unknown. No one should think, how-

that are without alluring scenic features; ever, that because this country contains

there may be parts that are barren of re- probably the greatest mineral wealth of any

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sources, but in a territory so large as this, similar area in the world, that this wealth
one may expect to find every phase of coun- can be had without hard labor and the sur-
try. mounting of the most difficult obstacles. In
In the territory continguous to the Nome a country where the season of active opera-
country, there are thousands of creeks and tion does not comprise more than on* hun-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 109

dred days in the year, it is apparent that the slow development will make the coun-

development of the resources must neces- try valuable, at a time in the remote future,

sarily be slow. If man's inventive genius when otherwise its mineral deposits would

could overcome the winter conditions to be have been worked out, had they been more

found near the arctic circle, this country favorably situated.

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would be a veritable cornucopia of gold. To a person who visits this northland,

but the impediments King Frost has placed and sees for the first time, from the deck

in this Arctic region, necessitates a greater of a steamer, the Nome country, there is

amount of labor to extract the valuable very little in the perspective that possesses

minerals from their hidden recesses, and feature or color. He sees a^beach along

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110

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the coast at Nome, which resembles in ap-
pearance that of Samoa, except for the lack
of trees and less precipitous moimtains.

Between the foothills and the beach
sands, a moss covered plain, called timdra,
extends to the mountains and as far be-
yond as white men have penetrated.

Looking out over the country from
Nome, one sees this moss covered plain,
extending back from the sea to the low
round topped hills; beyond these hills,
which are without tree or shrub, is a range
of mountains some thirty miles distant. In
the language of the natives these moun-
tains are known by the name of Kigluiak,
but to the prospectors they ' are the Saw
Tooth range. This name suggests their
ragged appearance, their sharp outlines be^
ing granite peaks, many of them resembling
in appearance, the teeth of a monster saw.

Mt. Osborne, the highest peak on the
Peninsula, is in this range, its crest reach-
ing an altitude of 4,270 feet.

The perspective of the landscape through-
out the Seward Peninsula is dreary and
desolate, but it seems that nature has more
than compensated for this lack of uninvit-
ing appearance, by making the country pro-
lific in the production of gold and other
valuable minerals.

However, in the valleys of several of the
principal streams, on the Arctic slope, there
is a sparse growth of timber, notably on
the Kewalik and Kobuk Rivers. This tim-
ber is mostly spruce and trees attain to the
size of fourteen to sixteen inches in diam-
eter.

A great many of the water courses are
fringed with a growth of stunted willow,
occurring most often in dense thickets.
These willows furnish the only fuel to be
had in thousands of square miles of terri-
tory, for prospectors and miners when far
away from the base of supplies; and one
can imagine, better than describe, the diffi-
culty of kindling fires and preparing food,
with green willows as fuel.

The streams of the Peninsula are many,
and flow towards all parts of the compass.
An area, some 200 miles in length and hav-
ing a width of from thirty to fifty miles,
from Gplpvin Bay to Cape Prince of

Wales, drains into the Bering Sea. The
Arctic slope of the Peninsula pours its wa-
ters into Kotzebue Sound and the Arctic
Ocean. The Council City region, compris-
ing a large area, is drained into Golovin
Bay, through the Fish River and its tribu-
taries.

During the summer months, heavy and
almost constant rains occur, while in the
winter snow covers the ground to a depth
of from four to ten feet, accumulating in
drifts in many places to a depth of fifty
feet or more.

As soon as the snow disappears the coun-
try is decorated with a variety of pretty
wild flowers. These delicate little flowers
have the temerity to bloom on sunny slopes
close beside the melting banks of snow.

Beginning with the first of May, the al-
most continuous sunshine makes the transi-
tion from winter to summer seem almost
magical.

From the first of May imtil the middle
of August the daylight is continuous.

During the longest days in this region,
the sun is hidden less than three hours, and
is then so near the horizon the land is
flooded with a soft light, making it possi-
ble to read ordinary print at any hour of
the night.

This continuous daylight lengthens the
ordinary working season, as there is no
cessation of work caused by night. The
early part of the summer is usually clear
and dry, and the latter part filled with
storms and almost constant rain. As judg-
ing by the usual signs, there is no such
period as springtime in northwestern Alas-
ka, there are but two seasons, a short sum-
mer and a long winter.

A more beautiful and salubrious climate
could not be desired than the ordinary
early summer at Nome; nor could one
easily imagine a more tempestuous climate,
than the latter part of some of the sum-
mers that have been experienced in this
region. Evidences of the approach of win-
ter are often seen in the latter part of Au-
gust and early in September.

The first frosts change the hue of the
landscape. A passing cloud brings a snow
squall, the nights are becoming; cold wi

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Ill

the days growing shorter, the sun no longer
has an opportunity of undoing the work of
King Frost.

The waters of Benng Sea begin to con-
geal, and great floes, which are formed in
the Arctic Ocean and have become de-
tached by winds and currents, float down
the sea in front of Nome. Before this oc-
curs, however, the last steamer has sailed
from Nome. The roadstead, which during

the summer was a scene of great activity,
is deserted.

On a morning, usually in November, the
inhabitants of Nome awaken and look out
from their homes upon a shining sea of ice.
Winter has now begun in earnest, and the
people realize that for the next seven
months, they are sequestered, isolated, and
shut off from the balance of the world by
barriers of ice and snow.

The South Mountain Camp Sanatorium.

ADDISON MAY ROTHROCK. CHARITIES AND THE COMMONS.

|N the South Mountain range,
which forms the eastern border
of the Cumberland Valley, the
state of Pennsylvania owns a
tract of fifty thousand acres of forest land
well drained and watered, easy of access by
rail and yet sufficiently isolated to prevent
a sanitorium from being a source of danger
to the surrounding communities. Here, it
was decided to start a camp for those citi-
zens of the state who were unable to go
to the older resorts or more distant states,
and also give them a chance to fight con-

sumption and become useful members of
the producing class.

In the spring of 1903, Dr. J. T. Roth rock,
who was at that time commissioner of for-
estry, started the construction of a few
small cabins for the use of such patients.
There was no money on hand for this work
either to put up the buildings or to main-
tain the patients when they came, but nev-
ertheless the work was begun.

Four miles back in the mountains from
the little town of Mont Alto, right in the
heart of the woods, is a beautiful grove of

THE MOUNTAIN SIDE. NEAR THE CAMP.

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112

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

white pine timber. All around for many
miles stretches the state reserve. A num-
ber of never failing springs flow from the
hills and the drainage facilities and the
nature of the soil are excellent. Here the
cabins were erected and here, growing little
by little and striving to send back its share
of cured consumptives into the busy world
again, the work continued.

The first buildings were just plain little
cabins ten feet square and built out of sec-
ond-hand lumber the state had taken from
some houses it was clearing out at the foot
of th2 mountain. During the same spring
the legislature met and eight thousand dol-

a cabin, or cottage, medical attendance and
medicine, the services of the matron, fuel
and the use of the spring house. The pa-
tients were obliged to provide their own
food and prepare it themselves.

In 1905 the legislature increased the ap-
propriation and there is now a general
kitchen and a dining room. The manage-
ment furnishes meals and milk and eggs.
Everything is thus provided but the laun-
dry, and as can be readily understood, the
results, while good before, have been still
further improved by the addition of the din-
ing room. One dollar a week is charged
and as this includes everything but the

THE EDGE OF THE WOODS.

lars was appropriated toward the erection
and maintenance of the camp. This was
used in part to build an assembly building,
an office, six little cottages with three rooms
each, a spring house and a water system.
The ladies' clubs of Phoenixville and Ken-
nett Square likewise contributed funds to
build a cottage large enough for four pa-
tients and a few more cabins have since
been added. Thirty-three patients can now
be accommodated. There is a house for
the matron and her husband and a cottage
for the dining room and kitchen staff.

During the first two years of the camp's
existence it could only furnish its inmates

washing, it puts the cost of residence with-
in the means of practically everyone. Only
patients who are in the incipient stages of
the disease and are able to care for them-
selves are admitted,* as there are no means
of caring for those who are bedfast or un-
able to help themselves.

The camp is situated in a small basin of
land about 1,650 feet above sea level and

•WTien anyone desires to enter camp as a pa-
tient, a blank is sent for the patient's physician
to fill out and return. From this we can deter-
mine whether or not the case is one we feel wc
can help. Should the blank show this to be the
case we admit the patient just as soon as his or
her turn is reached on our waiting list. Unfor-
tunately our list is a long one.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

113

CAMP STREET IN WINTER.

around it the crests of the mountains rise
up three and four hundred feet higher.
The summer temperature is rarely oppres-
sive during the day and the evenings and
nights are always cool. In winter the tem-
perature falls quite low, though it seldom
goes down below zero, and sixteen below
(one morning during the winter of 1903-
1904), is the lowest temperature recorded
in the camp. Back about a quarter of a

mile from the camp and up above all risk
of contagion, a spring bubbles from be-
neath the foot of some old trees, and from
here the water supply is drawn. The spring
is covered over completely and the water
piped to the spring house on the grounds.

One of the main reasons, if indeed it be
not the most important reason for the bet-
ter average results of institutional treat-
ment over that at home, lies in the regular

MILK AND EGG TIME.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

routine followed out. Where the patient
sees others doing the same things that he
is doing, it becomes far easier for him to
fall into the spirit and help himself to co-
operate with his nurses and physician.
Here, as elsewhere, many at first feel that
the regular hours, the systematic feeding
and regulated exercise will prove a hard-
ship, but seeing how the others do and how
they get along soon dispels such ideas.

At seven the rising bell rings and at
];alf-past seyen breakfast is served; ten
o'clock brings the time for milk and raw
eggs and at noon comes the dinner hour.
At three in the afternoon raw eggs and
milk again fall due and at five o'clock sup-
per is ready. At seven-thirty comes once
more the egg and milk time; at a quarter
of nine all retire to their quarters and at
nine the bell is rung for all lights to go
out. On Wednesdays and Saturdays all are
examined by the camp physician, who
makes regular rounds every night and
morning as well. Each Wednesday morn-
ing all are weighed and the weights re-
corded in the history book, along with the
other data concerning the cases. Three
full meals a day are given the patients in
addition to the regular milk and egg diet.

Exercise is a question in which the in-
dividual must again be regarded as a law
to himself and his exercise governed ac-
cordingly. For some, rest is imperative;
others, again, are benefited by regulated
walking; but with everyone it is most es-
sential to explain that exercise to the point
of fatigue does harm and not good, and
the endeavor should be to build up the tis-
sues and strength faster than the diseased

process is breaking them down and thus
gain the upper hand in the struggle for re-
covery.

No regular work is required of anyone
beyond the care of the little homes, though
there are always some expert mechanics on
hand, and many useful and ornamental ar-
ticles are made in the small workshop on
the grounds. We have always a few pho-
tographers and for them there is almost
an endless variety of subjects.

We set no time limit beyond which we ^
will no longer keep a patient. Since the
camp was opened 141 patients there have
been treated and of this number about sev-
enty-five per cent have been either much
improved or cured. It should be borne in
mind in this connection, that for the first
two years there was no camp kitchen or
dining room and since its inauguration the
results have noticeably improved. Cases
come from time to time who are too ill for
such a camp life and these help to swell the
unimproved side of our account. When
such a case comes in it is given a good
trial and then if the patient cannot be
benefited he is sent home.

Consumptive sanatoriums are so often
believed to be such gloomy places that a
visit here is, as a rule, a great surprise.
Back in the forest, away from the wear
and worry of the outside world and form-
ing a little world of their own, one will
see as happy and contented a body of peo-
ple as can be found in our whole broad
land and the life among them, far from
being dreary or hard, is indeed most de-
lightful.

The Next Two Stars On Old Glory.

BY FELIX J. KOCH.

HEN Uncle Sam adds the next Even the northwest in fact did not present
pair of stars to Old Glory he such a galaxy of the sort of things in
will make perhaps as pictur-
esque an acquisition as any

since the time when the northwest was

which painters and poets delight, as do
New Mexico and Arizona. Arizona, with
the renegade Mexican, the cowboy, the lazy

tamed sufficiently to come into the fold, vagabond Chinese cook, the mine watcher

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

115

and the prospector, the tough and the Dun-
ker. New Mexico has all these, and, in
addition, the picturesque desert characters.
Both States are full of queer corners.
At one end of Arizona is Yuma, — notor-
ious the world over as the hottest place in
this Republic. West of the Pecos, people
are not consigned to Hades, by epithet, —
they are told to go to Yuma. Yuma, more-
over, is hardly American. It has an archi-
tecture, a native life, all its own. High up,
over the Colorado, on a bluff, the territor-
ial penitentiary stands, like some ancient

Beneath, in the shadows, a little fire, of
corn-cobs and the like, smoulders the year
round, and about this the Yuma women
hover, wearing blankets typically Indian in
their patterning.— this ever, despite the
heat.

These Yumas, in themselves, in fact
would make Arizona interesting. They
are not polygamists, but exactly the oppo-
site— one wife may have as many hus-
bands as she will. Not alone that, but
they still burn the dead with all the old
tribal formalities. The body is prepared

A BIT OF ARIZONA.

fortress, crowning a beetling crag of the
Rhine. Within its shadows, Indians, — the
Yumas, eke out an existence, as the Red-
Man did before the whites had come onto
the continent. The little wick-i-ups of wat-
tling stretch out among the arrow-weed on
the plain. Adobe, set in about a wattling
of poles, around a square patch of native
earth, is the basis of the house-building.
At the front, the roof protrudes onto two
slender poles, and then upon this balcony,
pumpkins and ears of com are set to ripen.

with considerable care, being wrapped about
much like an Egyptian mummy. Then a
pile of logs is erected at either side the bier
and at the head, and the whole covered
over with faggots. Then, and then only, is
the body itself put in, a sort of trench be-
ing left for k in the earth beneath. The
fire is lit and while this burns, clothing,
blankets, in fact all property of the deceased,
excepting only his pony, go up in the
flames. Not only this, but a day or two
afterward his wigwam, too, must be con-
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

sumed by fire, the rest of the family join-
ing some relatives in their home.

Uncle Sam regards the Yumas as "good"
Indians, and so is unfair to them. As the
Indian agents put it, bad red-skins are given
money and lands and presents, by the Great
White Father to bribe them to obedience.
Good Indians, however, receive the land,
and that is about all. Content, however,
in their hundred odd "stick-in-the-mud"
wigwams, they do not grieve much over
the matter. Now and then there will be a
feast, such as at a marriage in the tribe,

ing outside the clan — in fact at present but
a single instance is recorded.

Yuma, however, affords other queer, in-
teresting corners. Not the least of them is
the territorial prison. People like to tell
how "there is no longer an old southwest,"
with its desperadoes, its cattle-thieves and
the cut-throats, but come any day to the
territorial prison at Yuma and scan the
record. There is material here for detec-
tive stories that would put Sherlock
Holmes to shame. The records, too, are
kept in cognizance of the nature of prison-

MODERN TUCSON. ARIZONA.

when the new couple go to the home of
one parent or the other. Other times the
men work on the railroad, farm, or cut and
sell the timber on the reservation, while
the women go out laundrying, and weave
the magnificent blankets to sell tourists at
the cars. Neither sex saves any money, —
it all goes in gambling, — but as they never
gamble outside the tribe, there is de facto
no loss. Inasmuch as the Yumas get no
money from Uncle Sam, fortune-seekers
stay away, and so there is but little marry-

ers that are held here. Each man has his
page in it, and at its top, his photographs.
One picture as he was when caught, — in
all the wild, southwestern picturesqueness,
another in the regulation prison garb.
Then there is registered the crime and the
sentence and the number of commitments,
the man's home, nativity and religion, his
age and identification marks, and, after
those, his legitimate occupation and his
knowledge of other trades. Whether or
not he be temperate, if he uses tobacco or

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Opium, does he wear a beard ordinarily,
and, if he is married, has he wife or chil-
dren living ? In the latter case, how many ?
Also, whether his parents are living, and
if he can read and write. The name and
address of his nearest relative, where he
was educated, and the system there. His
former imprisonments, when and how dis-
charged? Uncle Sam is rather indiscrim-
inate in the grouping of his queries, but
he gets the information just the same.

Some of the crimes are unique. Quite a
few of the prisoners are here for selling

April 28, to October 30, for assaulting the
superintendant, and an assistant," when all
"good time" held before was forfeited —
and this all simply because he had been
condemned here on a five years' term for a
case of grand larceny. His nativity was
Mexican.

Other prisoners are here for stage and
express robbery. This is far more current
in the west than an easterner would im-
agine. Indians are confined largely for
larceny and murder. Smugglers, too, are
not infrequent guests of the jail.

TERRITORIAL COURT HOUSE, YUMA, ARIZONA.

liquor to Indians. One hundred dollars
fine and imprisonment for a year is the
penalty for this offense, and in lieu of fine
they hold a man upward of thirty days.

Refractory fellows they are, too, these
future citizens of ours. There is one whose
prison record shows "the solitary cell two
days for disobedience, two for refusing the
call to work, five for fighting, three for de-
stroying property, five more for disobe-
dience, and then twelve for refusing to
work." After that he was "confined from

Still one other queer corner of Yuma, —
and that the municipio. All Yuma is of
practically one street, — of low one to two-
story cottages ; frame, and intermingling
dwelling and saloon, with vacant lots. Off
to one side is this court house — such one
may, perhaps, call it. It is a low building,
likewise, with a door at the center. Enter
this, and you are in a lobby, — all of wood.
On the right there opens a court-room,
with just a few chairs. On the left are
ofiices. In the rear there is an enclosed

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court-yard, and just opposite, in this, an
iron grating. Behind that, all together, as
in a Turkish jail, are the prisoners of the
lockup, singing, smoking, swearing, snooz-
ing, as they will.

From Yuma to Tucson is no far cry, as
distances go in the southwest. One's ar-
rival in Tucson is one not soon to be for-
gotten. You are a stranger in a foreign
land, — you feel it everywhere. It is 8:20
at night when. the train rolls in, and you
trust to luck. You are about to walk across
the plaza to where some lights bum bright,

close to the Rialto of Tucson. You see
the men carousing in the dens and you
hear the brawl of heavy drinkers. You
cannot do much worse, and you follow
your self-appointed guide.

He does lead you to a good hotel. It is
not our purpose to advertise hotels, but
this one is fine as any in the west. It is
largely given over to health-seekers, here
for the dry southwestern air.

There is another queer experience await-
ing, however. They take you to your room
by elevator, accompanied by a trreat. burlv

THE MAIN STREET IN TUCSON.

and there seek a hotel. You size them up
from the one's at Deming and Lordsburg
and elsewhere in the territories.

Suddenly some one taps you on the back.
It is a young fellow, — true western type.
He tells you not to go to those hotels, —
you may not come out alive. Come with
him to another — where at least you are
safe. You do not know but what he is
"capping*' for the very sort of house he
describes these to be. You ward him off,
but he is insistent. By this time you are

negro. The room is entirely isolated from
the next by thick concrete walls. There i^
a metal bedstead, with quilts folded across
the bottom, as is everywhere the custom in
the territories, owing to the cool nights.
Then, too, there is a little closet. Into
this, and under the bed, the negro looks,
before surrendering you the room, to
make sure there is no one in hiding. It is
not the most agreeable situation in the
world, this introduction to Tucson.
Down on the street comers of Tucson

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everyone talks statehood. At the office of
the Citisen they tell you that ninety per
cent of the population is opposed to joint
statehockL Arizona, they say, has in round
number^ one hundred and seventyfive
thousand people ; while New Mexico has
four hundred thousand. Obviously, major-
ities would rule, and the Arizonans are op-
posed to going under the yoke of their
neighbor.

All manner of arguments are adduced,
all forms of literature are quoted. Favorite
among these is a clipping from one of the

pie of Arizona or New Mexico wish to
coalesce, and form a state they can do so.
If they do not care to coalesce, they can
vote to stay out of the Union. They have
no historical or logical right to lay down
the conditions on which they are to be ad-
mitted. Congress • can, therefore, commit
no unheard of outrage, when it submits to
the people of the two territories the same
practical question which it has submitted to
so many other American communities."

To this the Arizona- editors make reply
that "forty-three years ago Congress separ-

AT THE WIGWAM.

New York papers, reproduced by the Re-
publican.

"Arizona," it says, "has enjoyed a ter-
ritorial form of government for many
years, but it is a perversion of history to
hold that, on that account, she is entitled
to admission unconditionally, into the fed-
eral circle. Congress has always reserved
full power to fix the boundaries of new
states and never felt obliged to respect the
integrity of an existing territory, when
framings a statehood measure. If the peo-

ated Arizona, as a territory, from New
Mexico as a territory. The reasons for
the separation and the erection of Arizona
as an independent terrtory were set forth

by Senator Ben Wade, of Ohio Mr.

Wade's remarks, declaring the policy of
the federal government in this matter are
to be found in the Congressional Globe
for February 20, 1863. Among other things,
he said :

"The territory of New Mexico, including
Arizona, is an exceedingly large one, al-

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together too extensive for any municipal
business to be transacted in its extreme
portions. After the territory of Arizona
was acquired, it was for some time attached
to New Mexico for civil purposes, and is
now a part of that territory. The principal
point of population in Arizona is some
seven hundred miles from the seat of jus-
tice in New Mexico. The number of square
miles embraced in this territory of Arizona
is 120,912 — about five or six times as large
as the State of Ohio — and the portion of
New Mexico from which it is divided is

"And/* continues the chronicler, "the law
of 1863, creating this independent territory,
contained the following distinct provision :

" That nothing contained in the pro-
visions of this act shall be construed to pro-
hibit the Congress of the United States
from dividing said territory or changing
its boundaries in such manner, or at such
time, as it may deem proper. Provided
further, that said government shall be
maintained and continued until such time
as the people of the territory shall, with
the consent of the Congress, form a state

THE LITTLE INDIANS AT THE RESERVATION SCHOOL.

almost as large, for the boundary line
divides the whole territory nearly in the
middle. 1 believe the organization of this
territory will lead immensely to the in-
crease of its population and to the develop-
ment of its vast riches, that are latent and
undeveloped. I have no doubt there is as
much necessity for the organization of this
territory as any one we have ever organ-
ized. New Mexico and Arizona constitute
a country that is larger than half of
Europe."

government, republican in form as pre-
scribed by the constitution of the United
States, and apply for and obtain admission
into the Union as a state, on an equal foot-
ing with the original states.'

"Thus Congress .... not only created
Arizona as a separate entity, but promised
her statehood, as a separate entity, when
she desired and was ready for statehood.
The pending bill proposes to undo the
work of nearly a half century of independ-
ent existence. It proposes to forge Ari-

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zona back into an undesired union with
New Mexico, by referring the question of
coalescing, not to Arizona's voters, but to
a combination in which Arizona is in a
position to be outvoted in the decision of
her own destinies."

Tucson has a queer comer in the way of
the club room of the Pioneer Gub, where the
old "pony express men" and others gather

garden. Saloons are everywhere, toughs
still more numerous. And yet Tucson is
not nearly so bad as the city that was.

These, however, are only peeps into Ari-
zona. There is the great rest of the terri-
tory— the desert. The desert is pregnant
with fascination to the adventurer. Now
it is the sand storm, coming up from over
the skyline. Now it is the sand-hills, with

ACROSS THE COLORADO.

to tell tales of the "overland" times, and of
the reign of lawlessness that came from
'6(1 on.

Her houses are one-story — a sort of plas-
ter set over adobe, and with long project-
ing water spouts emerging along the roofs
at regular intervals. When not these, they
are on the cottage plan, with a veranda
in front and rear, facing on a sun-parched

their black sage and mesquite and grease-
wood. Again it will be the vast barren
alkali fields — like the brown bed of some
dried up lake, save in patches, where they
are snowy white, or else like the scum left
by retreating waters.

Mirages too, add their beauties to the
desert; the alkali, in far distance, seems to
change to a tremendous lake, then but a

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stone*s throw distant. . . . and it's bluish sign of life, of verdure, far as the eye can

sheen reflected from the slatey clouds, see. Even the profile of an Indian in the

Never until you have seen it, do you begin peaks is attractive by way of variety, and

to appreciate the grit and enterprise that every bleaching steer's head serves as topic

carried men across these deserts. for comment. Such, however, is a large, a

Only the sand-storm for company; for very large part indeed, of the next star to

miles not even a trace of herbage. Not a be added to Old Glory.

Chinese Labor And The Panama Canal.

BY EUGENE S. WATSON^ THE INDEPENDENT.

|T looks as though we are about
to undertake the accomplish-
ment of the world's greatest
engineering problem, the con-
struction of the Panama Canal, and if we
are to do it successfully it can only be done
through the employment of Chinese coolie
labor. In the Canal problem the labor
question represents 80 per cent of the diffi-
culties to be encountered, and whenever
our Government has carefully studied the
actual conditions, and has arranged for a
suitable supply of properly selected Chi-
nese laborers to do the work, then and only
then they will have removed 80 per cent of
their difficulties."

This remark, made to me in 1903 by an
American engineer of fntemational repu-
tation, first led me to investigate the labor
conditions at Panama and the Chinese
coolie as a factor in the world's labor mar-
ket. The result was both interesting and
surprising.

The prime factors in the consideration of
the labor question at Panama are its situa-
tion relative to the various countries from
which an adequate supply of labor could be
secured, the adaptability of such labor to
the proposed work, the effect of its climatic
and sanitary conditions upon the various
nationalities, and the relative cost of each
class of labor.

In all other of the world's great under-
takings the question of labor has been of
minor importance. Their situations have
been such that an ample supply of suitable
labor could be readily and economically se-

cured. With Panama it is different. It
has a small population, unaccustomed to
and unfitted for continuous manual labor,
wholly accustomed by heritage and man-
ner of living to tropical lassitude. The
only labor available in its immediate vicin-
ity is that of the West Indian negro (some
twenty thousand of whom are at present
employed on the Canal), and this labor is
admitted by all who are familiar with its
efficiency to be the most unsatisfactory on
earth. This negro works only from neces-
sity, and his main idea seems to be to do
the smallest amount of work in the long-
est possible time. His wants are few and
simple, and as long as he has sufficient
money to supply them he will not work.
The result is that he will not average more
than two days work in a week, spending
the balance of the time in idleness, and in
those two working days he will not ac-
complish as much actual work as an Ameri-
can laborer will in four hours. As an
efficient laborer the West Indian negro is
impossible.

Throughout Central and South America
the conditions are very similar. The class
of labor to be found is of a very low stan-
dard, and there is not sufficient of it to
supply the local demand.

In the United States we probably have
the best class of unskilled labor to be found
in the world, but, eliminating sanitary and
climatic questions, it is out of the ques-
tion for American labor to build the Canal.
There is not enough at the present time to
do the work at home, and it is exceedingly

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doubtful if one-half the requisite number
of men could be secured in this country at
any price. In addition, the employment of
American labo^ in this work would in-
crease its cost by many millions of dollars,
and as the bulk of the cost of this great
work is taken from the pockets of the
American workingman, any measures tend-
ing to increase this burden would be sure
to meet with universal condemnation.

The labor of Europe would be very suit-
able for this work, but cannot be obtained.
So much has been said and written about

most every laborer employed will, at the
expiration of his term of service, be com-
pelled to seek a livelihood in some other
country. Unless enough can be saved by
him from his wages during the term of his
employment at Panama, the time spent
there would be time wasted and forever
lost. It is for these reasons that the labor-
ers of Europe prefer to seek other fields of
labor.

As a matter of fact, and I speak from six
weeks of recent personal observation on
the Isthmus, the sanitary conditions exist-

CHINESE BARBER SHOP ON BOARD SHIP.

the dangerous sanitarj' conditions which
formerly prevailed at Panama that the aver-
age European considers that he would take
his life in his hands to seek employment
there, and many of the European govern-
ments have unofficially aided and encour-
aged this impression. The wages paid are
not sufficient to induce them to assume this
risk, and outside of wages there are no
other reasons why labor should seek Pan-
ama. It is not a country where they would
care to take permanent residence, and al-

ing upon the Canal Zone today are such as
to render it perfectly safe for any nation-
ality to be employed there without sick-
ness in any degree greater than will be
found in the ranks of similar numbers of
men enegaged in similar work in other
countries. Through the intelligent and
well directed efforts of those in charge of
the sanitation of the Canal Zone it has been
transformed into a sanitary, well governed
community, where the employes of the Gov-
ernment can live with as much comfort

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and safety as at home. It is true that the
tropical climate still remains, and, irre-
spective of sanitary conditions, the consen-
sus of authoritative opinion is that the
white race, of the temperate zone are un-
fitted for continuous manual labor in the
tropics. And for this reason, if for no
other, it is necessary to make a choice be-
tween black or yellow labor. The avail-
able black labor has been tried and found
to be sadly inefficient. The coolie remains
yet to be tried, with the assurance that he
cannot be worse than the black.

form satisfactory work in Canada would
prove a failure if sent to Central America,
and one who would give entire satisfaction
in the low lands of the tit)pics would be
utterly useless in the elevated mountainous
regions of the same latitudes. Likewise,
laborers for digging should be selected from
the agricultural regions and be accustomed
to earthwork. If selected from the river
population, many millions of whom live on
junks on the waterways of China, such la-
borers would prove an utter failure.
The problem of satisfactorily supplying

CHINESE CONTRACT LABORERS. PHOTOGRAPHED ON SHIPBOARD.

The prime factor in the coolie labor prob-
lem is that of proper selection, keeping in
mind at all times the locality and climatic
conditions to be encountered by the laborer
and the nature of the work. If these con-
ditions are properly observed in selecting
laborers, no better laborer exists on earth
today than the coolie, for any climate and
under all conditions. By nature they are
peaceable, law abiding, cleanly, sanitary
and frugal, but withal of muscular, wiry
frame. A good laborer who would per-

coolie labor for work in foreign countries
has been successfully solved and brought
to a high degree of perfection in the Chi-
nese provinces of Fouquien and Che-kiang,
under the direct supervision of the Viceroy
of those provinces, Tuan Fang, one of the
foremost and most enlightened statesmen
of China, and whose provinces have a pop-
ulation of more than forty millions. This
Viceroy has made a careful study of the
labor question from an economic stand-
point, and in the course of the past eight

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years has developed a highK- perfected sys-
tem of labor exportation. The subject was
first called prominently to his attention
about eight years ago, at which time the
French Government desired to engage a
number of coolies from his provinces for
work in Madagascar. These coolies were
to work for a period of two years, and at
the expiration of their terms of service
were to be returned to their homes in
China at the expense of those engaging
them. Satisfactor>' arrangements were
made for this to be done, and it is from
this start that the present system has de-
veloped. The Viceroy was quick to realize
the advantages which would accrue to his
provinces if he could furnish a considerable

Francis Vetch, a Frenchman of long ex-
perience in coolie labor matters, and an ex-
pert on the requirements of the various
countries to which they are sent.

Whenever an order is received for coolie
labor, the class of labor desired and the
climatic conditions from which to recruit
them are first determined, and then proc-
lamations of the Viceroy are issued and
distributed in that portion of the province<^
meeting the climatic requirements, stating
the nature and terms of the work, the num-
ber of men wanted, the rate of wages and
such other information as may be requisite.
This usually results in applications from
ten times, or more, the number of men re-
quired, -and a careful selection of the re-

A GROUP OF CHINESE CONTRACT LABORERS.

number of his people with emplo3rment in
foreign countries for a limited time, en-
abling them to make stated remittances to
their families at home and at the same time
to accumulate a fund from their wages
sufficient to insure their independence upon
their return. And it is an amplification of
this idea which furnishes the foundation of
the system in vogue in these provinces at
present.

A Bureau of Foreign Labor Service, of
a semi-official nature, has been established
at Fouchou, in the province of Fouquien,
through which all shipments of laborers
for foreign countries are recruited and
handled. This bureau is in charge of Mr.

quired number is then made. These men
are then subjected to a thorough physical
and medical examination, usually made by
the medical authorities designated by the
Government of the country to which they
are to be sent, and all unfitted are rejected.
When the required, number of men have
been recruited they are divided into gangs
of from fifty to one hundred men, each
gang in charge of a foreman, who has ab-
solute charge of his gang and is responsi-
ble for the work done by them. An indi-
vidual contract is then made with each la-
borer, setting forth the terms and condi-
tions of his employment. This contract is
printed in Chinese characters, and also in

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French, Spanish or English, according to
the country to which the laborer is to be
sent, and after being thoroughly explained
to each man, is executed by him, approved
by the proper consul, and accepted by the
Viceroy, and a copy publicly filed in Fou-
chou, where it remains open to any inter-
ested party.

Under these contracts, the laborer agrees,
if he leaves a family, that a certain amount
of his wages shall be remitted to them each
month by his employer, during the entire
term of his employment. He also agrees
that a certain percentage of his wages shall
be deposited each month in some bank, to
be paid to him only upon his return to
China at the expiration of his contract.

This last feature is most important when
we consider the employment of coolies at
Panama, as it is an effectual guarantee that
the coolies will return to China when
through, and not attempt migration to some
other country or to remain at Panama.
However, this is but a remote possibility in
any event, as each man usually accepts
service only upon the express condition
that he will be returned to China, and is
bound by his agreement with the Viceroy
to do so, and under the Chinese laws,
should he break this engagement, his rela-
tives would answer for his offense. Of all
the thousands of men that have been sent
out from these provinces during the past
eight years, the first case of failure to re-
turn to China has yet to occur.

These laborers are paid a stated wage
per month by the employer, and are fur-
nished in addition with clothing, food, med-
ical attendance and transportation to and
from China at the employer's expense. This
causes the actual cost of Chinese labor to
vary, when brought to the Western Hemis-
phere, as the item of transportation is a
very considerable one and varies greatly in
different sections. For example, if a la-
borer comes over on a one-year contract,
working 250 days in the year, and the cost
of his transportation both ways is $75, it
adds a cost of 30 cents per day to the other
expenses. H he is under a two-year con-
tract, the cost would be but 15 cents per
day. This makes the actual cost depend
upon all the conditions of each particular
case. All in all, however, it is safe to as-
sume that the actual cost of this class of
labor will vary from $1.25 to $1.50 per day,
if employed at Panama, depending upon the
number employed, the term of the contract,
and the manner in which they are worked.
And it is safe to say that if properly se-
lected Chinese labor is engaged for Pan-
ama, the result will be a saving of 25 per
cent in the time of the work, and a saving
of many millions of dollars in its cost
There is no doubt that 5,000 coolie laborers
will accomplish more actual work in a
given, time than the 23,000 negroes at pres-
ent employed by the Commission.

Ne:w York City,

The First Step Into A Sensible Progress/'

JOSH GROS.

|CERTAIN professor. Dean of the
Law School of Boston Univer-
sity, in his recent address on
the "Scientific Conception of
Law," said:

"Law should not stand for precedent, be-
cause while the past has ruled itself, it
should not rule the present. The old
economists tore down imfree contract

through the establishment of our modern
free contract, yet that freedom of contract
we have had for about two centuries on
both sides of the Atlantic has developed
the most formidable monopolies, threaten-
ing the destruction of all modem equality,
for good or evil, T am not concerned as a
teacher of law to say."
There we have the kernel and substance

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of what has been praised as — "a luminous
address." The only point which we can
call correct, is that Law has no right to
stand by precedent, because the present
should rule itself. Yet that is just what
does not happen in onr nation. Our whole
vast and perpetual manufacturing process
of our enormous multiplicity of annual
laws rests on precedent. We are still ruled
by the dead, now buried for 80 years or
more. Considerable of the precedent ele-
ment remains in England and other na-
tions, but much less than we have, and
cling to as the only chance of escaping
destruction, although it seems as if we
were all along rushing towards destruction
with a vengeance.

WTiat is extremely amusing in the ad-
dress of our friend the Dean above men-
tioned, is his talk about our modem free-
dom of contract and equality, while ac-
knowledging that we are the victims of
enormous monopolies. How can two an-
tagonistic elements co-exist for centuries,
and how can equality and freedom of con-
tract increase its opposite element, monop-
oly and despotism? Can wrong increase
goodness or goodness wrong? Is not any
mixture or combination of the two ele-
ments an open or hidden denial, deviation,
transgression of the good, the right and
the true? Can the true need the support
of the wrong ? Of course not, because the
true can stand alone and refuses any part-
nership with the wrong. It is the wrong
that needs some kind of partnership with
the right, in order not to perish right off.
Because the wisdom of men can not
or docs not yet want to see the beauty and
in exorableness of that simple logic, we
have always remained so satisfied with our
new or antique mixtures of good and
evil!

What now about the difference between
that unfree contract of old times and our
boasted modem freedom of contract; when
the two have had to operate under the do-
minion of the same fimdamental land and
wealth monopoly, robbery, oppression, giv-
ing to some the power to crush the many
into perpetual poverty through wage slav-
ery? Is there any s^ns^ in that miserable

form of language that educated men for-
ever use, to hide all bottom truth from the
rank and file of nations, so that the king-
dom of falsehood may be kept alive and in
bloom? And what about the equality for-
ever given to humanity through laws of
privilege that are the respecter of some
persons at the expense of the rest, generat-
ing the poverty and harsh lives of the mul-
titudes ?

Something extremely ludicrous and
amusing comes now. Our friend the Dean,
as a teacher of law, has not courage
enough to tell us whether our gigantic
monopolies or industrial crimes, which
threaten the fabric of modem conditions,
are coming to improve or aggravate our
present evils. He sees the dreadful
wrongs that our diabolic equality and our
glorious (or shameful) freedom of con-
tract have brought upon modem nations,
and has not a word to say against the
stupidity of the laws that have created our
industrial chaos and social turmoils. Would
we have or need a labor movement, a mis-
erable fight between labor and capital, if
our equality was not a farce and our free-
dom of contract a first-class humbug?

What is the use of having "Law Schools"
in our universities as long as we refuse to
leam, from the Old and New Testament,
and from the universe around, the real
meaning of the word — ^Law?

Let us notice that the address we are
dwelling upon is called "Scientific Concep-
tion of Law." Yet, the address does not
give to humanity a single scientific concep-
tion about the processes with which we
could make our laws scientific. The scien-
tific is the honest, honest because fixed,
fixed because it needs no change on ac-
count of its intrinsic honesty representing,
embodying the equal rights due to all in-
dividuals for their complete life through
the free use of each one's natural activities
applied to the natural resources of the plan-
et, that planet which, created by a God of
freedom,, is the free inheritance of all men,
its use simply subject to the natural equity
that shall naturally prevent all land rob-
bery among men; that being the social
crime at the bottom of all crimes that our

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unscientific and distorted laws still author-
ize and enforce.

As long as we all, with possibly a few
exceptions from obscure men, decline to
take cognizance of that elementary and all-
pervading social deformity, we cannot of
course even think about the simple proc-
esses with which to wipe out such a bottom
wrong. We thus are unable to even take
the first step out of the kingdom of sin,
and so into that of plain, sound honesty
and sense. We thus remain stuck in the
same old box of perpetual conflicts, aberra-
tions, discords and painful, sinful lives
with all of us, no matter how good our in-
tentions may be towards God and each
other. There is a logic and science even in.
human conduct. Hence not until the first
step is taken, in the right direction, along
the correct line of conduct, can any of the
other steps be performed, carried out, in
the accomplishment of the right and the
true for peace between humanity and God
through fundamental equity, between men
and the natural resources of the planet.

The professor of the Law School we
have criticized does not need to be any
greater sinner than most of us. He cannot
very well tell us what we don't want to
hear. He has to live, as an educator, by
giving us the education we want. If he

tried to give us the education we need, he
would soon lose his job, and he may not
be fit for any other. The same applies to
most of us.

It is what large numbers of important
men say, feel and do, in open or silent, di-
rect or indirect, organic or inorganic com-
binations in regard to what is bound to
affect everybody, for good or evil ; that is
what tells in the march of civilization ; that
is what determines whether that march
shall be towards God's truth or away from
it. Unfortunately even the bulk of the
most intelligent and good men, as goodness
goes, spend most of their time and energy,
outside of needed labor, in thinking about
or discussing individual doings or frag-
ments of life, fragments of truth at best.
There we have the two vilest tricks to keep
humanity away from broad, sound concep-
tions of duty and truth. Such conceptions
lie in the careful, honest study and discus-
sion of general bottom causes and univer-
sal results. That alone allows us to grasp
the universal unity and simplicity of God's
truth, just what we decline to do. We then
go through centuries of agony, refusing to
suppress the great crime of injustice be-
tween men and the natural resources of
the planet. We thus never take the first
step into the boundless beauties of — a sen-
sible progress.

Justice To The Poor.

JOHN GRAHAM BROOKS.

Chicago Daily Xetvs, Dec. 0, 1906.

jHY should Germany discard an
"employers' liability" like our
own acts and compel the wage
earners to be insured under
state authority? That country had all sorts
of voluntary insurance as we have. These,
too, were endangered by state competition.
For about fifteen years the kind of "la-
bor insurance" we have in the United
States was subjected in Germany to search-
ing investigation. It was found that the in-
jured workingman could not get his insur-

ance without an "average of chances" al-
ways against him. The complexity of mod-
ern industry made • it impossible for the
laborer to prove against the employer all
that the law demanded.

Nine other countries, England included,
have followed Germany in this, while we in
the United States hold to an accident in-
surance that is an object of amazement and
ridicule at every international congress on
this subject. Prof. Willoughby in his
"Workingman's Insurance" says : "It would

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL,

129

be difficult to think of another field of so-
cial or legal reform in which the United
States is so far behind other nations."

A second powerful reason for the change
in Germany was that voluntary insurance
did" not reach those who stood in most dire
need of insurance; or, if it did reach them,
the insurance, as in some of our working-
men's companies, became a crushing bur-
den. Thus the great step was taken in
three acts — sick insurance, 1883; accident
insurance, 1887; old-age and invalidity in-
surance, 1889.

Under these acts nearly 15,000,000 work-
ing men and women are now insured
against sickness, accident and old age. The
infected nests of third-rate attorneys mak-
ing an occupation of blackmailing employ-
ers or corporations to secure insurance were
destroyed. Litigation diminished. The ter-
ror of the poorhouse also diminished, as it
was the express purpose of this whole body
of insurance to enable stricken workingmen
or their families to avoid appeals to public
charity. The disabled are sure of about
half their wage and the old of a pension
that will at least keep them from the poor-
house.

Under the sick law, labor pays two-thirds
and the employer one-third. For the old-
age pension, labor pays one-third, the em-
ployer one-thirfl and government one-third.
In the accident insurance, employers, band-
ed into associations according to trades,
pay the entire amount.

A profound moral principle has at last
got recognition; namely, that industry
should bear the cost of its accidents, as it
has to bear insurance or any other cost.
After long discussion eight o'.her nations
have accepted this principle. I was told in
England, after it had been fairly talked out
that no first-rate lawyer in parliament could
be found to defend the old employers* lia-
bility such as we still have in the United
States.

When we once get it through our too-
busy-about-other-things heads that we are
killing and maiming people in the industrial
field far more rapidly day by day than in

the deadliest periods of the civil war, a
great moral uprising will take place against
the plain barbarities of our present accident
insurance. Against almost every form of
insurance for the poor in this country the
same uprising must come unless it appear
that w^e, as a people, have lost the capacity
of moral indignation in the presence of
gross indignities against the weak.

Except in a part of our mining and under
the interstate-commerce commission, we
have no authoritative statistics of industrial
accidents upon which we can wholly de-
pend. I believe that comparative estimates
indicate that above 500,000 workers are
crippled every year in our country seriously
enough to class them in the insurance
schedules of any decent system. It is an
appalling record and it Has to be said that
capitalism has fought steadily and uniformly
against every eflfective attempt to get the
ugly story before the public.

It required thirty years to force three of
our greatest insurance companies to ac-
knowledge the facts as to their own meth-
ods. For the first time the facts about our
own workingmen's insurance are being put
before the people; the reckless cost of ad-
ministration and the whole shameless tale
of "lapses" and the use which the strong
and lucky are encouraged to make of those
lapses.

May I again repeat that I am not here
arguing that we rush into dangerous imi-
tation of Germany or any other country?
We have to work out our own problems in
our own ways and in the spirit of our own
national life. Yet nothing is clearer than
this— that the spirit of that German insur-
ance cannot be imitated a day too soon.

I have omitted the complicated details*
of that scheme because they have no possi-
ble place in so brief a communication. I
beg, therefore, to refer readers curious to
know such details to a government report,
"Compulsory Insurance," prepared by the
writer in 1891-2, in Germany and other Eu-
ropean countries. A revised edition in 1895
was printed at the government office.

Cambridge, Mass.

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130

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

GOING SOME.

Apropos of the mushroom growth of
new towns on the Western frontier, a loco-
motive engineer relates the following:

"One day I was driving my engine across
the prairie when suddenly a considerable
town loomed up ahead where nothing had
showed up the day before.

"*What town's this?* says I to my fire-
man.

" 'Blamed if I know/ says Bill. *It wasn't
here when we went over the road yester-
day/

"Well, I slowed down, and directly we
pulled into the station, where over five
hundred people were waiting on the plat-
form to see the first train come in.

"The conductor came along up front and
says to me:

" 'JJni* first we know we'll be running by
some important place. Get this town down
on your list and 1*11 put a brakeman on the
rear platform to watch out for towns that
spring up after the train gets by!'" — Min-
neapolis Journal.

THE STAGE DRIVER'S BLUFF.

As we left Sandy Gulch for Rising Sun
there were six male passengers to go by
the stage, and the route was over the
mountains and full of chances of disaster.
The driver came out from breakfast as
soon as the stage was ready, and looking
about on the passengers he selected a small,
pale-faced man and invited him to climb up
beside him. While the pale-faced man was
climbing up the driver whispered to the
rest of us:

"I picked him out in order to scare him
to death. You fellows will see a heap of
fun before we've gone ten miles!"

Two minutes west of the gulch the road
made a sudden turn, with a sheer fall of a
hundred feet down to Wild Cat Creek, and
the driver put his horses at the gallop and
said to the man :

"We may get around all right, or we may
fetch up down below. Hold yer breath
and say yer prayers!"

The passenger made no move and did
not change countenance, and, after making

the course all right, the rider rather in-
dignantly demanded :

"Didn't you see that the off wheel nm
within a foot of the edge of the precipice?"
"It ran within six inches, sir!" was the
reply.

Beyond the curve was a down-grade of
a mile, and with a yell and a flourish of his
whip the driver urged his horses to a dead
run. The five of us inside had to hang on
for dear life and every half minute the
stage seemed bound to go over.

"Did ye know that if we'd happened to
have struck a rock we'd all been dead
men in no time?"
"Of course."

"And ye wasn't prayin'?**
"Not at all."

Three or four miles farther on the driver
tried his man with another curve. In his
determination to make a close call of it
one wheel ran off the edge of the precipice,
and only a sudden effort of the horses
saved the coach. We were flung in a heap
and frightened half to death, but the man
beside the driver never lost a puff of his
cigar. When things were safe the driver
turned on him with:
"That surely was the brink of the grave."
"Guess it was," was the quiet reply.
"The clusest shave you will ever hev till
the last one comes."
"Yes."

"See here, now, but what sort of a crit-
ter ar* you?" was the query. "Don't you
know 'nuff to git skeart?"
"Nothing has happened yet to scare me,"
"But mebbe ye want me to drive plumb
over a precipice a thousand feet high?"

"If you conveniently can. The fact is,
driver, I came off up here intending to
commit suicide, and if you can dump the
whole of us over some cliff youll oblige
me**^Atlanta Constitution.

FOUND— One courting couple in the
village of Clarkton. It was seen going
slowly down the railroad by a number of
our young ladies last Thursday evening
about dark. Such a sight is so rare that it
created quite sl scnsziiotis—Qlarkton (North
Carolina) Express.

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This DttfMurtment Is opMi to all wom«a friMidt of IIm Brotlivrliood.

Ladies Get Watches '" twenty-seven members, but also of the general

_ feeling of good will and harmony.

The JouiNAL has received 75 subscriptions from Mow thankful we should be for our blessings

Sister Sarah E. C. Howard of Lodge No. 309 of when we think of the dear sisters who have met

the AuxiUary and SUter Anna Seibold of Olney, with sorrow, whose hearts are in the graves be-

IlHnois. has sent in 30. Mrs. Howard has taken n«ath the snow, of the shadow in life's sunshine

a Standard and Mrs. Seibold has taken a Queen which will never pass away. We may have been

and we know that they will be well satisfied with spared grief in the year that has passed, but what

their awards. ^^^ future has in store for us no one knows.

A number of our lady friends have written for We are now on the threshold of another year

subscnptkm blanks and receipt books and have and it is an appropriate time to reflect on these

stated they intended to work for subscriptions facts, to consider our blessings and how far we

and the prizes offered. arc worthy of them.

There are no "lemons" in this lot of prizes we Our lodge and the brothers of T. J. Potter

offer for subscriptions. Each offer is genuine, well Lodge No. 6 held public installation December

worth bavmg, and represents values as returns 29th. The brothers gave us many words of en-

in prizes, ranging from 26 to 100 per cent, of the couragement, also complimented us on our drill,

amount received on subscriptions. We give a which that night we put on for the first time.

$50.00 watch for 75 names, a $80.00 watch for This was the "White Rose'* drill which Sister

30 names and a man's watch valued at $85.00 for Statzer, our First Vice Mistress, Uught tis last

85 names. August. I think our sisters are wishing we had

This conies about as close to giving you back another drill to learn, so that Sister Statzer

your money for subscriptions received as we can might be with us again, for we certainly enjoyed

come and better values than are usually offered her visit very much. Wishing all lodges a year

for this kind of work. of success and hoping to meet some of our sisters

We ask our lady friends, old and young, big at our next Fireside, I remain yours "for the

and little, to get after subscriptions, and we know good of the order,*'

if they do we will have them. Look at the offers Minnie Staotlandei.

mentioned in our advertising pages and make up

your mind that one of the best will be yours.

There are hundreds of thousands of subscribers EvanSVlllc, Ind.

waiting to be asked to take the Jouinal, and

please don't let them wait any longer. On December 18th and 19th, 1906, Wiraodausi

__________ Lodge, No. 878 was organized with twenty-three

charter members.
Aurora, III. Cassie Oarke, First Vice Grand Mistress, or-
ganized the lodge, but it was through the efforts

Chilly hideed would be our fireside should we of Sister Martha Hammond of Sisters of More
run out of fuel. But that seems to be the con- Shade Lodge No. 869 that the work was se-
dition of the department so named in the Joua- complished.

KAL, which gives us an opportunity of hearing Our First Vice Grand Mistress was presented
from our sister lodges through ito columns and with a beautiful Haviland china berry bowl and
brightens up the long winter days when we pick pUte and the lodge was presented with a hand-
up the JouENAL and read some interesting article some leather-bound Bible by Sister Ruth Nexsen.
written by one of our number. There have been The new lodge starts out with very bright pros-
some very interesting articles sent to the Joue- pects and a large field to work in, as Inclme
MAI. ^m. "Woman's rights" and many other sub- Lodge No. 242, B. of R. T. is over 200 strong
jeets which are of interest to all. I am sure; they and they have given the Auxiliary much encour-
were aivtnycjipite^.*?^^? ^^^ ^^^ would like to hear agement
from the wriiers' again. With best wishes to all B. of R. T. and J-.' A.

I hope all the lodges can look over the past lodges, I am

year's work with as much satisfactk>n and pride Yours in Sisterly Love,

at can Aurora Lodge No. 261. Not only can we Anna Kbhl,

boast of our Increase in membership, having taken DigMistress of No. 869. Z

183

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Photographs Of The Grand Mistress.

The large photographs of our Worthy Grand
Miatreta which so many of our lodges have been
amdous to place over the charters in our lodge
rooms are now ready for distribution.

They are an excellent likeness, the work of a
leading photographer, and are ten by twelve
inches in sixe.

The price is One Dollar ($1.00), which covers
express charges.

They have been placed !n my care and will be
forwarded to any lodge or individual member of
the Auxiliary desiring the same.

Yours in the bonds of sisterly love,

AUOUSTA M. STATZia,

First Vice Grand Mistress,
91S Ash Street, Eric, Pa.

Only a Railroad Brakeman.

Only a railroad brakeman!
Only a lump of clay!
Only a soul that was pure and sweet.
Freed from its prison today.

Only a railroad brakeman 1

Here on the railroad ties,
Surrounded by comrades and strangers.

His mangled body lies.

He went to his work in the morning
With never a thought of fear;

No sign — no word of warning —
To tell him that death was near.

Only a railroad brakeman,

With the stamp of death on his brow;
Blood stained his handsome features —

Beauty is gone from them now.

Only a railroad brakeman.
Released from his earthly pain«
Only a voice ringing clear and true
That will never be heard again.

Only a railroad brakeman 1
Is there not one of you here,

Who, for the sake of a brother.
Will offer a sigh or a tear?

Only a railroad brakeman.
Who toiled for his daily bread —
One moment strong and happy —
The next— lying still and dead.

Of soldiers and sailors and statesmen
You constantly, ceaselessly prate.

But an every-day railroad brakeman!
What do you care for his fate?

In. T^ju or in snow, or in sunshine.
He always was faithful and true;

Stin a brakeman is only a brakeman.
And what is a brakeman to you?

Only a railroad brakeman 1
Speak not in so careless a tone

Of the poor, bruised body lying there
With the mantle of death 'round it thrown.

For God, who aitteth in Heaven,
Yet marketh the sparrow's fall,

. Loved the soul of this railroad brakeman
Far more than the world and all.

Only a railroad brakeman.

Who always did his best
Peace to you, O my brother!
May God to your soul give rest!

Lydia M. DvifBAlf,
Lehigh Tannery, Pa.

Statement Of Claims Paid.

Poar HuaoK, January 1, 1007.

Previously paid $t5«,140.17

Paid Since Last Report

047 J. A. McComK New Castle, Pa. ..$ 000.00
648 Ed. Watkins, Gdn., E. Syracuse,

N. Y 600.00

640 J. S. Brewer, Seattle, Wash 500.00

050 Geo. Crews, Los Angeles, CaL .... 500.00

651 J. R. Sullivan, Indianapolis, Ind... 500.00

652 E. £. Hettman, Joliet, 111 500.00

668 Ed. Fisk, Nelsonville, 0 500.00

664 P. L. Snickhammer, Sedalia, Mo... 500.00

655 Thos. H. Moran, Hallstead, Pa. . . 600.00

656 Geo. D. Johnson, Omaha, Neb. . .. 500.00
667 Fannie Bragg, E. Hartford, Conn.. 500.00
658 Mary Gilchrist, Hallstead, Pa. . . . 500.00
650 Hellen P. Beattie, Gdn., Antigo,

Wis. 500.0C

660 S. M. Turbett, Newark, N. J 600.00

$269,140.17
Died Since Last Report.

Mae Waltz, of Lodge No. 112, died October 3,
1906.

Mary J. Homer, of Lodge No. OS, died March
13, 1006.

Jessie Van Houtcn, of Lodge No. 314, died De-
cember — , 1006.

Nellie Owens, of Lodge No. 138, died Deceuiber
13, 1906.

Anna Baker, of Lodge No. 251, died November
19. 1906.

Hilda Cooper, of Lodge No. 16, died December
7, 1006.

Isadore Grabiel, of Lodge No. 7, died December
24, 1006.

Margaret Brooks, of Lodge No. 314, died No-
vember 28, 1906.

Amy a. Downimg,
G. S. & T.

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TRAIN RULES

KINDRED SUfidECTS

Send all inqniricf to H. A. Dalby, Naugatack, Conn.

Movement Of Trains — Continued.

(Old) Rule 95. — A train must not dis-
play signals for a following section, nor an
extra train be run, without orders from
the .

(New) Rule 95.— Two or more sections
may be run on the same schedule.

Each section has equal time-table author-
ity.

A train must not display signals for a
following section without orders from

the .

. The only provision that is in both of
these rules is that sections must not be run
without orders from the superintendent or
other officer m charge of train movements.
The part of the old rule which relates to
the authority for the running of extras is
not in the new rule of the same number,
but is transferred to Rule 97. The first
two paragraphs of the new rule contain the
same provisions which are so imperfectly
expressed by the old code in the definition
of "Regular Train" in the words, *'It may
consist of sections." These words are in-
tended to mean that more than one train
may run on the same schedule and that
each has equal schedule authority, biit the
wording is incorrect, and the same thing is
correctly expressed in the new Rule 95.
The old definition is incorrect in its state-
ment that a regular train "may consist of
sections** because every section is itself a
train. This definition as it stands in the
new Codt, taken in connection with new
Rule 95, defines correctly a regular train
and makes provision in a correct manner
for the running of sections.

(Old) Rule 96.— When signals displayed
for a section are taken down at any point
before that section arrives, the conductor
will, if there be no other provision, arrange
with the operator, or if there be no opera-
tor, with Uie switch tender, or in the ab-
sence of both, with a flagman left there for
the purpose, to notify all opposing trains of
the same or inferior class leaving such

point that the section for which the signals
were displayed has not arrived.

(New) Rule 96.— When signals dis-
played for a section are taken down at any
point before that section arrives, the con-
ductor will, if there be no other provision,
arrange in writing with the operator, or if
there be no operator, with the switch ten-
der, or in the absence of both, with a flag-
man left there for that purpose, to notify
all opposing inferior trains or trains of the
same class leaving such point, that the sec-
tion for which signals were displayed has
not arrived.

This is a ride which, in its old form,
called forth a considerable amount of crit-
icism in regard to two particulars, both of
which have been corrected by the revision.
They will be recognized by comparing the
rules, the first being that the arrangement
by the conductor shall be made in writing
rather than verbally, and the second that
the operator or flagman shall notify any
train that may be inferior, not only trains
"of the same or inferior class."

The YuIe is intended primarily to apply
to cases where signals are taken down be-
tween the initial and terminal station, more
particularly at stations where there is no
train register. As a matter of fact such a
circumstance does not often happen, but as
it is entirely possible and liable to occur at
any time it is highly important that all con-
cerned shall thoroughly understand how to
act so that train movements may be pro-
tected.

The train taking down signals may either
proceed toward the terminal station, leave
that district and go on another district or
branch, or it may be taken off the road
and tie up at that station. In either case it
is essential that trains in the opposite direc-
tion be notified that a following section is
to arrive. On some roads instructions are
issued which are not mentioned in the rule
as it stands in the Standard Ode. One of

184

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

these may be that if the train proceeds on
the same district toward its terminal sta-
tion that it must note on the next train
register the fact that it displayed green sig-
nals to the point in question.

The words of the rule, "if there be no
other provision," are generally accepted as
meaning if there is no train register at the
station. They may also be construed to
mean if the dispatcher does not make any
provision by train order for relieving them
of the duty.

The new rule requires that the arrange-
ment with the operator or other person
shall be in writing and this is a wise re-
quirement It concerns the safety of trains
and should be attended by the same safe-
guards as a train order. It is also in line
with Rule 103 which provides that "mes-
sages or orders respecting the movement of
trains or the condition of track or bridges
must be in writing." It is generally ex-
pected, and operators are usually instructed,
that in such cases they are to display their
train order signals for trains in the oppo-
site direction until the following section
arrives. If there be no operator at the sta-
tion this duty devolves upon the switch ten-
der, or if there is neither, the conductor
must leave a flagman for the purpose.
These are the only three classes of em-
ployes mentioned and it would not be rul-
able to leave the matter in the hands of any
other. If it were at night and there were
only a day operator on duty at the station
the conductor would probably be justified
in calling him for this purpose rather than
to leave one of his own men and proceed
without a full crew.

The matter of what trains shall be noti-
fied in such a case has been the subject of
considerable discussion. The old Standard
Code rule says "trains of the same or in-
ferior class." Obviously this may not in-
clude all the trains interested, as the train
taking down signals may have been given
right (without specifying sections) over a
superior class train to the station where
signals are taken down, or an extra in the
opposite direction may have been given
right over it, without mentioning sections.
In the former case the train of superior
class should be notified and in the latter
case the words, "trains of the same or in-
ferior class," do not, strictly speaking, in-
clude extras, as they are not of any "class."
The old rule, therefore, does not provide
for either of these cases. The new rule,
however, covers all cases by the words, "in-
ferior trains or trains of the same class."
On a few roads it has been made to cover
"all opposing trains," thus leaving no room
for doubt as to which shall be notified.

The rule has been modified on some roads
to require that the section taking down sig-

nals shall remain at the station until the
following section arrives unless it is re-
lieved from so doing by train order. If it
is so relieved, of course it devolves upon
the dispatcher to protect the situation.

In cases of this kind, as in many others,
the good judgment of Uie men on the train
must be called into play. If signals are to
be taken down it should not be done the
moment the train arrives at the station, lest
some opposing train at the station may see
it with no signals displayed and may be
beyond the jurisdiction of the operator or
the train register, so that it would have no
notice of such signals having been dis-
played. This might easily happen at a sta-
tion where there is a yard. If the yard -is
of considerable size some other train may
be obscured by cars or other objects, or a
light engine may be starting out as a train
and, though hidden from view, may be
looking for the train displaying the signals.
It is good practice, therefore, whether there
is a train register or not, to allow the sig-
nals to remain until ready to leave and to
take pains to see that all trains arriving
observe them.

When signals are taken down at a tele-
graph office, if there be no train register,
it is well for the dispatcher to see that the
operator understands to display his train
order signal and notify opposing trains, and
on some roads he is instructed to do this,
but the men on the train should remember
that the rule places this responsibility on
them and that no dependence should be
placed on any one else. The only way they
can be released from this responsibility is
by train order, which may be fairly con-
strued as some "other provision," as stated
in the rule.

(Old) Rule 97.— Work extras will be
assigned working limits.

(New) Rule 97.— Extra trains must not
be run without orders from the .

In arranging the new Standard Code it
was the object to keep the instructions con-
tained in each rule under its own number
as far as possible. The longer and more
important rules have been maintained un-
der their numbers, but it has necessitated,
in some cases, somewhat of a rearrange-
ment. This is true of Rule 97. The provi-
sion of the old rule of that number is not
transferred to the new Code, as it is hardly
necessary. The fact that work extras will
be assigned working limits is clearly au-
thorized in Form H, which contains the or-
der forms and all instructions for that part
of the work. The number in the new Code
is utilized for what was formerly a part of
Rule 95, as has already been mentioned.

Rule 98. — ^Trains must approach the end
of double track, junctions, railroad cross-
ings at grade, and drawbridges, prepared^

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL. 136

to stop, unless the switches and signals are however, that it was a difficult matter to

right and the track is clear. Where re- form a rule which would be applicable to

quired by law, trains must stop. all and it was finally teduced to the terms

This rule is the same in both the old and of the present rule in which there is merely

the new Code. Local conditions vary large- an announcement of the principle that full

ly at each of such places so that the rule protection must be assured. It is not im-

merely announces the principle of safety possible that the three rules in one form

and caution. In many books of rules it is or another which were displaced in 1895

elaborated to apply to existing conditions are still in use in a few places,

and almost every time-table contains spe- por the reasons stated above we have

cial instructions for certain localities. The the rule in its present brief and concise

intent of the rule is to make sure that the fonn. It is not claimed that it is ready to

track, which is liable to be used by another be incorporated as it stands into the code

train, is clear before proceeding. That of any and every road and as a matter of

safety may be assured, trains are required fact it is nearly always amended and en-

to run so that they may be stopped, if nee- larged before it is adopted for use. For a

cssary, before entering such track. It is pattern or a model it could hardly be im-

the same principle which requires that a proved upon and it serves this purpose

train shall be prepared to stop at each fixed well.

signal if it should be in the "stop" posi- The first clause of the rule, telling when

tion. protection is necessary, is general in its

A train running from double to single nature and is usually adopted without modi-
track must know that it has a right to en- fication. It provides for a tram bemg
ter the single track before doing so. If stopped or delayed under circumstances in
approaching a junction where trains from which it may be overtaken by another train,
another line may come out on its own This is quite elastic and leaves much to the
main lin^ due care must be used to pre- judgment of the flagman or to the officer
vent collision with such trains. In such who instructs him. One of the original
cases the duty of watchfulness devolves rules, to which reference has been made,
upon both trains concerned and neither provided for a delay to a passenger train,
should depend on the other to keep out of another to a freight train, and a third when
the way. At grade crossings of other rail- a train is stopped by accident or obstruc-
roads they should be prepared to stop at tion. But this part of the new rule is quite
the signal if it indicates "stop." If these brief, although on a few roads there is still
places are not protected by signals, trains the distinction as to the character of the
are required by law to come to a full stop, place where it stops, the reason for stop-
usually 500 feet before reaching the point ping, the conditions regarding the view, etc.
of danger, as mentioned in the last sen- On some roads trains are excused ifrom
tence of the rule. As an additional pre- protection at their regular stops and some-
caution, in approaching such points, the times at coal chutes, water tanks, etc., un-
rules of some roads require the engineman less the delay is unusually^ long. Some-
to make an application of the air at a safe times the exceptions also include certain
distance before reaching it to make sure trains within yard limits,
that a stop can be made. The next instruction is that the flagman

Rule 99.— When a train stops or is de- '*must go back immediately with stop sig-

layed, imder circumstances in which it may nals." There is no attempt to tell what the

be overtaken by another train, the flagman stop signals must be. Occasionally a rule

must go back immediately with stop sig- is fotmd in which thb is specified, but usu-

nals a sufficient distance to insure full pro- ally it is left to instruction previous to ex-

tection. When recalled, he may return to amination. A flagman should keep on hand

his train, first placing two torpedoes on the a red flag for day and a red and a white

rail when the conditions require it light for night and a good supply of tor-

The front of a train must be protected in pedoes and fusees for both day and night

the same way, when necessary, by the . use. When he starts back from his train

At the last revision there was no change he should take with him everything which

in this rule, but until it was adopted in he may need. He should have not less

this form eleven years ago it had been the than four torpedoes, and if it be night he

subject of many a stormy debate both with- should have several red fusees. In dark

in the meetings of the American Railway or stormy weather fusees are frequently

Association and elsewhere. Previous to that necessary during the day. These supplies

date the subject matter had occupied three should be kept on the engine also, as it fre-

ra^er lengthy rules and an attempt was qentty happens that protection of the front

made to dd^e in detail the duties of the of the train is necessary,

flagman when protection is necessary. Con- The flagman is required to go back "a

ditions differ so largely on different roads, sufficient distance to insure foH firotection.'*

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136

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

These few words take the place of an at-
tempt in the original rules to tell just how
far he should go back under varying con-
ditions. On a number of roads this matter
is regulated by explicit instructions, meas-
uring the distance by the number of tele-
graph poles or by the fraction of a mile.
The distances vary according to grades and
curvature of the track and conditions of
the weather. Some instructions are in great
detail and others are in the few words of
the Standard Code. For the same reason
that it was difficult to form a rule to suit
every one it is impossible to give general
flagging instructions to apply to every road.
The matter is left largely to verbal instruc-
tion by the train master or other officer and
even then much depends on the good judg-
ment of the flagman as to how far he
should go.

"When recalled he may return to his
train, first placing two torpedoes on the rail
when the conditions require it." This also
is very indefinite and in looking over a
number of books of rules we find a great
variety of instructions with regard to what
the flagman should do while going out
from his train, how he shall act while there
and also while returning to the train. With-
out attempting to specify the prescribed
course on any one road it may be said in a
general way that he is required to go back
as quickly as possible one-fourth of a mile
from the train and there put down one
torpedo on the engineman's side. This is
a signal to stop immediately and is a fairly
good protection should he be able to do
nothing more. But he is required to con-
tinue for a half mile and there put down
two torpedoes one to two rail lengths apart
This strengthens the protection and should
make it quite safe in itself, provided noth-
ing interferes with the torpedoes. He may
then return to the point where he put down
the first topedo and wait until the follow-
ing train arrives or until he is recalled by
the whistle 'of his own engfine. The rules
of different roads intersperse these instruc-
tions with various others, such as (if at
night) placing a red fusee 500 feet from
the rear of the train ; going back a farther
distance if grades, curves or weather con-
ditions require; the use of additional cau-
tion signals, that is, more torpedoes or fu-
sees; provision for his being recalled when
the view from where the flagman stands is
less than one- fourth of a mile, in which
case the train must be started and moved
slowly to a point where there is a clear
view for one-fourth of a mile from the rear
of the train, when he may return. Usually
he may take up the single torpedo if there
is no train in sight. Should a train be in
«ight, however, or a passenger train due.

he is required to wait for it even if his
train goes without him.

The above is only a general outline of
numerous requirements and is not intended
to be representative of any particular road.
Readers will probably recognize some
points which are familiar. Some rules are
made with regard to a train reducing
speed, requiring it to throw off red or green
fusees at proper intervals, also prescribing
certain whistle signals to be given by the
engineman on discovering conditions ahead
which will require protection of the rear.

In general it may be said that a liberal
use of torpedoes and fusees together with
good judgment with regard to die distance
to which the flagman goes |ind the action
he takes in regard to returning to the train
should "insure full protection," as called
for by the rule, unless it should happen that
a train is following another too closely, in
which case, if possible, it should be warned
by fusees dropped from the rear of the
leading train. The flagman should remem-
ber that the time of greatest danger is
when he is going back from the train and
should make all haste in doing this, put-
ting down one torpedo as soon as practi-
cable, and arranging before he starts to re-
turn to leave plenty of caution signals be-
hind him or to know that a following train
will have a good view of the rear of his
own train.

We need not urge the importance of
good, honest flagging. It is one of the
most important things in connection with
train movements. Yet it is sometimes
slighted and many accidents have happened
for the lack of it. One word of caution we
will offer and that is for roads having a
block signal system. We do not know of
such a road where the flagging rules are
relaxed a particle but we fear the flagman
often depends on the fact that there is sup-
posed to be a red signal behind him for
the purpose of keeping following trains out
of the block. Now, as a matter of fact,
some of the worst rear end collisions have
happened on roads where good systems of
block signaling were in force and some of
them could have been prevented by a prop-
er observance of Rule 99. Far better to go
to the trouble of insuring good protection
by flagman than to allow trouble to ensue,
as it has in too many cases.

The last clause of Rule 99 requires the
front of the train to be protected when
necessary and leaves a blank to be filled by
the individual road showing who is to per-
form this duty. On almost every road this
duty devolves upon the front trainman, and
if he cannot go or if there be none, then
the fireman. A full set of signals for such

protection should be carried c^the^ engine

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RAILROAD TRAINMEM'S JOURNAL

137

in order to comply with this part of the
rule.

Rule 100.— When the flagman goes back

to protect the rear of the train, the

must, in the case of passenger trains, and
the next brakeman in the case of other
trains, take his place on the train.

The new Code makes no change in this
rule and it is usually adopted without
modification. It usually provides for the
head brakeman or the baggage master, in
the case of a passenger train, and the next
brakeman in the case of a freight train to
take the place of the flagman when he is
called away from the train. It may happen
that the duty falls to the conductor. At
any rate, he is responsible for protection of
the train, and should make such arrange-
ments in addition to the rules as safety
may«demand.

1. — What is there in both the old and
new forms of Rule 95? 2. — Do you know
of any road where signals may be displayed
on single track by any authority other than
a train order? 3. — In the old G)de where
do we And authority for the fact that "each
section has equal time-table authority"? 4.
—Why is it mcorrect to say that a regular
train **may consist of sections**? 5. — Do
you use the old form of Rule 96 and is it
just as given in the Code? 6.— Is it con-
sidered best to make arrangements in writ-
ing as prescribed by the new Code? 7. — If
you were conductor of a train taking down
signals, what kind of instructions would
you give about the trains to be notified?
8. — Would you consider this rule in force
if signals were taken down at a register-
ing station? 9.— What do you understand
by "if there be no other provision**? 10.—
If it be the operator who is to notify op-
posing trains, how is he supposed to hold
them? 11. — If neither operator nor switch-
man were employed, would you arrange
with an agent, section foreman or other
employe? 12. — Without regard to whether
you have the old or the new rule, what op-
posing trains would you notify? 13. — What
precaution should be taken at the station
where signals are taken down to see that
no inferior train is misled? 14. — ^What is
the only way a train crew can be relieved
from arranging to notify opposing trains?
Note.— As Rule- 99 is so widely different
on different roads, we advise a thorough
study of the rule as it appears in your own
book of rules. Read carefully the informa-
tion given here and if the points are not all
covered by your own rule ask your supe-
riors for definite instructions as to how to
act under^ the various circumstances which
may arise*. Let us remind you again that
this is one of the most important rules and
it should not only be thoroughly under-
stood but strictly obeyed.

LOCKING A TURNTABLE.

A question comes from Ohio asking if it
is practicable to lock a turntable when not
in use ; that is, to lock it with a padlock in
addition to the latch or lever which holds
it in position. It seems the question came
up in the course of a law suit against a
railroad company in that state.

We confess we have never given particu-
lar thought to the matter. It is our im-
pression that they are not usually locked,
unless it be at outlying stations where no
employes are near, and even then it is not
a general custom. At a shop or round
house where it is in frequent use it would
probably be considered a hindrance to the
service in that it would require some time
to handle the lock and would not serve any
useful purpose.

What do the readers of the Journal
say? Can you .answer?

FUSEE ON THE PILOT.

A trainman in the Northwest writes to
us about his experience in trying to stop
an opposing train on seeing that a collision
was imminent and asks as to the wisdom of
his action.

He says the conductor and engineman of
his own train through an oversight were
running against a first-class train on single
track and saw the train approaching at a
distance of about two miles. It was night
and the headlight was buring properly on
each train. He was riding on the engine
and (presumably) was the head brakeman.
He took a fusee and went to the pilot of
the engine with it, thinking to add to the
warning of the headlight and assist in
bringing the other train to a stop. He
stood op the pilot beam, having no doubt
that he could accomplish his object, until
he saw that it was becoming dangerous and
then started back toward the cab. While
on the running board he saw that a colli-
sion was unavoidable and jumped, the re-
sult of which was a broken leg. He asks
if he did right in displaying the fusee on
the pilot and says he asked his superinten-
dent the same question but he did not re-
ceive much satisfaction in his answer.

Of course a person at a distance is not
so well qualified to answer a question of
this kind as one familiar with the location
of the accident and all the surroimding cir-
cumstances, but our opinion would be that
the trainman should be commended for his
effort to prevent the collision. It would
seem, however, that a red lantern would
have been a more effective signal than a
fusee and the rules of the road certainly
must have required a red lantern to be
carried on the engine. Possibly it was not
within easy reach, but we think it should
have been. Perhaps he thought the fusee
would produce a larger and J^^Jtter light, as
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138

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

it would of course be displayed near to the
headlight, but of this there may be some
doubt. A red light swung as a stop signal
would attract attention as quickly as any-
thing and could in all probability be easily
seen by the other train if it were in view,
even though it were close to the headlight.

Some interesting questions naturally
arise. If the trains were two miles apart
when the inferior train discovered the situ-
ation and an attempt was immediately
made by the engineman to stop his own
train and by the brakeman to attract the
attention of the other, the latter being a
passenger, does it not appear that they
might have stopped and not have come into
collision ?

In this connection it is of interest to
mention an electric headlight so constructed
as to throw a bright light upward into the
sky as well as forward algng the track, and
this light is red, making a danger signal
that can be seen for a long distance and in
many locations it would be visible where
the track is not straight and the regular
light could not be seen. It would seem a
valuable application of the headlight and
in a case like the one before us might pre-
vent the result which happened.

Our correspondent does not state wheth-
er his train was encroaching on the time
of the superior train by reason of misread-
ing or forgetting a train order or whether
they simply overlooked its schedule time.
If the former, we would ask if it is the
rule on that road for conductors and en-
ginemen to show their orders to their fire-
men and brakemen. There is such a rule
on almost every road, but is it practiced?
Even if there is no such rule, is it not a
good practice? Our opinion is ^ that for
their own personal safety, if nothing more,
firemen and brakemen should watch the
progress of their train as regards train
rules and train orders. They should see
and understand all orders received if for
no other reason than to become familiar
with their use and to know the method of
handling trains by telegraph. They expect
promotion, why not prepare for it?

But how about the case of this man?
Did he do right and could he have done
better? Let us hear from others. Have
you ever been in a like situation? What
would you do? Go to the pilot or stay in
the cab? Would you take a fusee or a red
lantern ?

WE WANT INFORMATION.
In regard to roads adopting the Stan-
dard Code according to the last revision.
If you know of any such please write us.
Tell us if the rules are the same as what
we have published or, if not, in what re-
spects they diflfer. Let us know of any

questions that have been asked or of any
discussions that have arisen. The new
Code is very much better than the old, but
there is much that will be questioned and
perhaps some parts to which objection will
be made. These things will be interesting
and instructive. Let us talk about them in

the JOURNAl..

QUESTIONS.

150. — "There is quite an argument on our
division about a couple of orders. No. 84
is superior to No. 83 by direction. Order
No. 1 reads : *No. 83 has right over No. 84
A to G.' 83 comes to B and gets Order
No. 2, which reads: *No. 83 will meet No.
84 at F.' Then goes to D and gets Order
No. 3, which reads: 'Order No. 2 is an-
nulled.' What is to be done by No. 83 and
No. 84?"— H. G.

Answer.— Order No. 1 makes 83 supe-
rior to 84 in every way, just as though it
were by time-table authority. Order No. 2
makes the meeting point at F and No. 83,
being the superior train, holds the main
track. Order No. 3 annuls the meeting
point and leaves Order No. 1 tmaffected.
No. 83 is still the superior train and con-
tinues as though Order No. 2 had never
been issued.

151. — "We received the following order
at our initial station : 'Order No. 5 : C. and
E. No. 5 and No. 7 at B. Trains numbers
3 and 6 are annulled this date December
22d.' Odd numbers nm north and are su-
perior to south bound trains. Have I any
right to take this order and proceed on it
from a terminal without a clearance or a
release? I claim the order is no good as a
running order without a clearance or a re-
lease, as I have nothing to show if I am
No. 5 or No. 7."— J- S.

Answer. — The questioner does not tell
us what the rules are with regard to leav-
ing an initial station, so that we may not
be able to give a satisfactory answer. If
they are, as is usually the case, that a train
must not start without an order or a clear-
ance card, we should say the receipt of this
order or any train order, would permit it
to proceed. If the rules are something dif-
ferent, we should be glad to learn some-
thing more about them.

Our correspondent mentions a clearance
or a release. As we understand it, where
both clearances and releases are used, the
former is to allow a train to proceed from
the initial station (or other stations, if the
rules require) when the train order signal
is clear, and the latter is to permit it to
proceed when the signal is at stop. As the
name suggests, it releases the train from
the stop signal and also tells what train or
trains the signal is displayed for. We
should be glad to hear more of this subject
also.

Digitized by

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Dubuque, Iowa.

Nearly oue hundred thousand working men
bonded together in an organization known as the
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen witb an under
standing among themselves that as an organization
they are to be strictly and positively non-par-
tisan, and understanding that as individuals and
citixens their membership includes intelligent men
of every party named on the official ballot^ are
listening every month to, and endorsing by their
silence, an arraignment of one political party by
their authorized JouaiCAL.

True enough the arraignmer4t is accomplished
by hammering assiduously over the head, certain
men, leaders, and declaring that the attack is per-
sonaL The author or authors of these attacks
know and understand perfectly that their endorse-
ment of the political leaders of any political party
is a practical endorsement of the party, for the
leaders frame the advertised policies, and their
declarations are the platforms of their parties.
They know as well that the arraignment of the
leaders of a political organization is virtually an
attadc on the party itself, especially so when the
attadc is made upon mei^ not because of thcit
personal character* but because of their attitude in
political campaigns, and because of their use of
power as party leaders to effect legislation en-
dorsed by their party or to defeat legislation
which their party opposes.

On page 1011« Railioad Tkainmbn's Journal,
November, 1906, is a paragraph reading: "The
Speaker of the House, regardless of who he may
be, is simply the creation of his party. Wher» it
makes rules turning over all of its rights to a
set of men, it should be held responsible tor
their acts.**

Suppose that it should. Is a non-partisan labor
publication the place to advocate the overthrow of
any political party, when its pages belong to one
hundred thousand men whose membership is
Prided among the different political organizations,
and tOBie of whom even dare to disagree with it

on qustions vitally concerning the advancement of
laboring men?

Yours respectfully,

Chas. W. Millbk,
S. A. Walcott. Lodge No. 60, B. of R. T.,
2063 Couler Ave., Dubuque, la.

Note. — In the zeal of the writer to "come to
the rescue" of Speaker Cannon he overlooked the
fact that the article to which he referred specific-
ally stated that "The Speaker of the House, re-
gardless of who he may be, is simply the creation
of his own party and it should be held respon-
sible for its own acts." The p<irty in power
adopts certain rules for the government of the
House and legislation and it is not partisan in
the least to call the attention of an interested
one hundred thousand Journal readers to the fact
that through a House arrangement and* by the
assistance and insistence of the Speaker of the
House, legislation for which they have declared
was opposed and defeated. There is no intent to
become partisan in criticising the acts of Con-
gress, or the individual members of Congress, and
it makes no difference to this Journal whether
the body, or any of its menibers, belong to one
party or the other, when they take it upon thsm-
selves to oppose measures that are fair and rea-
sonable and demanded by the railway employes
of this country, through their organizations, we
will hold them responsible f.-i their acts and fur-
thermore will do all we possibly can to let our
ictders know of their i>erfor'rbnces.

It will be noted that the writer has entered no
objections to our condemnation of Senator La-
Follette for his able work in behalf of the Em-
ployers* Liability Bill.

But, to show that our comment was not per-
sonal but was the expression of this organiza-
tion through the Seventh Biennial Convention,
held at Buffalo, New York, May, 1005, we quote
the following resolution:

"Whereas, The Representatives of that party
have been in complete control of Ilie Congress of
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140 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the United States for the past ten years, and have ceeded in doing so. But we find lOom lor im-
failed to carry out these pledges, and have also provement I do not mean to infer that we are
ignored the prayers of the laboring classes for the entitled to all that simply because we have ex-
enactment of such legislation as would prevent erted an effort; but we enjoy the wages of well
the abuse of the power of injunction by Federal based and advanced ideas. Had we never con-
judges in labor disputes, therefore, be it ceived the idea we would not have become or-

"Resolved, By the Brotherhood of Railroad ganizcd. Had the great leaders of cnir race

Trainmen, in Seventh Biennial Convention asscm* n^-er conceived an idea we would still be idle

bled at Buffalo, N. Y., this 24th day of May, in the dark ages. Conception of ideas is the ad-

1905, that we criticise the Representatives of the vancement of the human race. It has given tas all

Republican party in Congress for their failure to the wonderful inventions and has led us up to our

make good their pledges with regard to legislation present standard of life; it is the moving current

for a further restriction of immigration, and for of natural law. Conception of the idea of procuring

an effective system of labor insurance, and for child labor in preference to that of adults, was an

their failure to enact proper legislation limiting idea conceived by the management of the large

and defining the power of Federal judges in issu* manufacturing concerns, and the result of that

ing injunctions." idea is the miserable conditions which exist among

Fuller (821) and Lee (288) moved the adop the laboring class of that conununity.

tion of the resolution. Mabey (87) and Parker To return to my subject, ''Political success

(818) moved the previous question. Carried, through fraternal organization." It is up to us to

Motion to adopt resolution carried. advance an idea that will relieve the miserable

Fuller (321) and Cleveland (609) moved that conditions which our grand old government has so
the resolution as adopted be given to the press, -long endorsed and allowed to exist. Labor is
West (47) and Jackson (81) moved that the Con- sufHciently organized, if properly instructed; I
vention reconsider action taken on the resolution, believe our ranks contain sufficier.t talent to fur-
Lost. Motion to give resolution to the press nish that legal advice which is so essential to our
carried. - D. L. Cbasi, Editor. success, but we must first conceive an idea of a

system which we can promote to a success; we

„ .... , e -,, L 1? a. I ^*^^ P^^cd the way from the origin of our organ!-

rOlltlCal bUCCeSS inrOUgn fraternal rations up to the present time and the gate stands

Organization* ajar for a system that will promote our interesU

to perfect satisfaction. I can offer no better sug-

How many of us realize the important truth gestion than to refer the matter to the Grand
expressed by Abe Lincoln when he said "United Lodge officers of the various organizations and
we stand, divided we fall." That is an important if approved by all concerned, proceed to have
fact and falls upon our ears at this time as a subordinate lodges elect delegates to convene and
question, Are we united in one great e'Tort to adopt resolutions to be acted upon before the
better the condition of the labor world? Are wc next Presidential campaign. These delegates should
united in the grand effort to Uke the little chil- be instructed to teach the members of their organi-
dren out of the sweat shops and put them in th; zations the importance of knowing who to nomi-
schools where humanity and common senae say nate for the political offices, then, all in one, vote
they should be? We are not, the answer comes for the man nominated and thus promote our po-
back to us, because of neglect, indifference an I litical interests through fraternal organization,
ignorance. Listen, I hear you say; well it is an T. P.. K , Lrdre No. 619.
impossibility for every one to obtain an education. _-.^^-____«^.
So it has been in the past, but the prtsenc pro-
vides an opportunity for every one who will unitt FarnhaiP, Q^C*

with a union labor organization to obtain a suffi

cient knowledge of the complicated affairs oi the The duty of electing officers for the subordinate

political world, and when that knowledge is once lodges for the ensuing year has come and passed,

obtained, he realizes his equal importance with and, it is to be hoped, satisfactorily to alL Dele-

his fellow men and demands a right to nis opinion, gates are finding the time long ere they will have

He says I represent the laboring class of people, a nice trip to and from the Convention* throw

I want the laboring people's children taken out of out their chests and wonder if everybody knows

the sweat shops and put in school. I want fair "I am the D.e-1-e-g-a-t-e and in my hands rests

compensation for labor. It is fair to acknowledge the future of the Grand Officers and what I in-

that some of us have been very well cared for tend to do to So and So when I get there." We

along the advancement of the wage scale. But delegates will wonder "just how many times we

that is the result of the constant demand of our will multiply in the Grand Officers' eyes ar.d just

class of labor, if the demand of our class of labor how much business we will leave to aomebody

was limited then the advancement of our w•ge^ else or do it all ourselves, and then after we get

would be limited also. It has been out a few home and wake up and find we had the worst case

brief years since the International Association of of stage fright we could possibly have and live.

Machinists was organized and other orders too we find that somebody sat right in front of us all

numerous to mention. They have united them the time and we don't think anybody saw us.

selves In an effort to better their condition, and We voted because the others voted, but can't say

as a hatural result of constant effort have auc- for whom, for which, or wbat|<-but we voted.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 141

tnd thtt it til we do know, tad we htd t good operttion. The tenns trtdet unions tnd Itbor

time tnywty tt.d you will see when the Joukmal orgtnixttions in this trtide mty be regarded as

comes out just who was elected and what was synonymous and applicable to all tssodatiotis

done. Brother Morrissey made a good speech. I within the category of oiganized labor,

don't remember what he said. I guess I was out j^ ggch associations ate founded upon the

just then, but they said it was good, and Brother i^^^ principle of strength, through co-operation;

Cease it going to enlarge the Jouknal. I don*t the theory, and in fact a practical demonstration

how or what with, but that is what I of iu working, is aptly set forth in the story of
understood him to say, and so on. Now. that is the old man and his sons, wherein he gave them
about the average text of the home-cominj dele- ^ practical demonstration by means of a bundle of
gate, tnd I hetrtily tgree with the brother who sticks, as related in Aesop's fables. The logic of
suggested the reducing of the number of delegates the argument as advanced by the old man is the
and thereby saving a lot of expense for us— and same today as it was then. The principle involved
a whole lot of trouble for the Grand Lodge OB- never changes.

**** Labor organizations advocate the theory of co-

On our line, the Canadian Pacific, we are laid operation, yet they practically and really seek ad-
out in divisions. Each general superintendent vancement by means of individual effort; and
has a division which will cover about five bdges. when using this term I mean that the effort of
Now send one delegate from each division, he to the association, which stands alone, is the same
be elected by and represent all the lodges on that as those of the individual, the principle being
division, each lodge with a vote for every twenty- identically the same. They do not carry to a
five or less members. For example, a lodge of logical conclusion the doctrines they advocate,
eight members would have one vote; a lodge with This is applicable to all parts of the industrial
twenty-seven, two votes; a lodge with seventy- world, the railway, shop, factory, mine and mill,
seven, four votes, tad so on. On other rotds. j^^ p^^ tyranny of unscrupulous employrrs
where there is only one general supermtendent, ^^^ subordinate officials practically created the
tnd the superintendent's division is cot long necessity for that co-operation of wage^amers
enough, block it out to every five lodges. This f,^„ ^,,j^ ^^^^ ^^ present-day Brotherhoods
would mean a saving of at least $140 per day ^^ Unions. The evident unsatisfactory resulU
during the Convention on the Canadian Pactfic ^^ ^^ ^^^^s of their protective departments in
and every other road in proportion. I would like obtaining the reasonable concessions which they
to see a k>t of such expense cut down and it ^^y^ tuggtsts the thought that perhaps they are
turned into insurance. Often our k>cal dues are „^j ^j^^ ^^ ^^^ effective means at their com-
greater than our dues to the Grand Lodge. The ,^j ,„ ^^^^ ^f^^^ to create those conditions
"walking delegate" or saUried chairman is a drain ^^ich they desire should obtain,
on any order and I can see no good from him. ^ . ^. . , ^ . ^t

A »Wt from . Grand Lodge Officer U .wy T^»'.*«^« •*»• "> "jf » ««>*'•» jwmenutlon
.be«L The nlaried chainnu make, you beKeve •»*»■«««>.'>« «tMlf throughout the entire country.

. . J _^_ . ., . ... af.d on Its froth they may read the words which

you have a grievance and stirs up strife to hold . ,, ^._ , ^. . / „„ .,

hi. job. while • Grand Lodge Officer pour. «U •^"'.'* «"•'>«"»« **>' »'<«•". '»= * Re~on.bIe
on the troubled w.ten. I e«mot underst«>d why *'>''°»« «"»'"»•.• '»»»»»•»"'< «««. » *<";»"«»'
w. diouid b» . brother from holding office or 'ducahon for all children, and a comfortable home
.erving on the grievance committee while he be- '»' *»•« *''? «"»"«•»« *• •""k'.' ^Ij* "f
long, to «>y other ld>or order. «> long «. he doe. ««^ »^ •"'"« !"""' '"'^ eond.tK,n.? Effective
not «rve in the Mme capacity i.. each at the »me '^I^T' • ^ Ju 1 " T^^'^^'T "a

time; for in«««e. the B. of R. T. and the O. R. ^hy B«»u« .t » through .uch effic,«,t and
C are doing bu«ne« joinUy all the time, yet one f "»''!»* cooperation tfiey hope to gam Uiat wtach
who bekmga to both c«.not hold any office or » '^'" ''J' "?** of hone.t Pr.nc.ple^
Krve on the committee or be a delegate. Why U ^ "» ?"»"'" »""». ""'"••f . of efficient and
it? Bert widM. for the Grand Lodge Officers, and «»«'P«l«"«ve co^^raUon. and m point of illu*
max*, to the Convention. *""»"• *' "*' ^ pardoned if we u« two or

WMiing you aU a very proq«>«u. New Year, f '•»«» »"« P"»"" ^'^ ?' "«™°*"'- ^ *"

I remaiu your, in B. L., *"* P*"*- *«* "» »""*<*« *•"* **" communltie.

Malcolh Biatoh, No. 871. •>«»«.•>««; "»«"« *" P«''«« h»™ony. out ~m«

IT I, Oi h* trouble arises which creates a desire In one, which

Famlitm, Quebec^ controls the means of Kvelihood, to prevent the

other from obtaining the necessities of life; how

Co-operation. ineffective would be that effort should they kill

the horse, yet leave the plow in the field; or

It would teem thtt advocating co-operation and quench the fire on which the food is cooked, yet
preaching Its doctrines to organized labor would leave the larder well filled, and fuel in the vi-
be equally as nonsensical as the "Carrying coals cinity. How easy in the first place would it be
to Newcastle.** The fact remains, however, that for the united efforts of several men to dr^w the
in Newcastle there are places where coal judici- plow, and in latter instance how easy it would be
ousty placed would be beneficial; and, so in cer- to kindle another fire and prepare the fool which
tain problems affecting the labor world there b is left in the larder. The effort to dsprive the
plenty of scope for trgumentt concerning co- community which wts to be disdp^ned woul^l b9

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142 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ftbtolutcly icvffective, for the reason that all the company; they have nothing to ask; how fntile

means of subsbtence had not been removed. it would be for the firemen to make an issue of

So it is in the industrial world. Today there their demands. The company can, by misrepre-
are several representative committees of the va- senting the existing conditions iafluence the other
rious organizations in session for the purpose of employes and in a manner operate a portion of
seeking certain reasonable and desirable concc»- the transportation industry. But on the other
sions; some of them have been shuttle-cociced, so hand» let the engineer, the conductor, the brake-
to speak, back and forth, for as much a« seven man and others make the concern of the firemen
weeks by the management of the various con- the concern of alU and show to the management
cems; others have failed and the membership has that they can effectually stop every wheel, and
gone on strike and their cause is practically a see how different would be the attitude of the
losing one. Why is it impossible for them to employers. ^

obtain those reasonable concessions which they These exan4>les of the impotency of the present

seek and which are rightly theirs? Simply be- system of organization are merely given in line of

cause they do not in their so-called co-operation argument. If they provoke thought and are re-

really and effectively co-operate. sultant of good, the result desired by the writer

Sometimes^ in order that a general may im- has been obtained,
press his strength upon the enemy, as well as to Past efforts have provsd conclusively the fsct
determine the position of the opposing forces it is that present organization is inefficient The divt-
necessary that he make a reconnaissance, and in ded position in which labor finds itself today if
doing so use all his available forces. The same responsible for the ineffectual efforts of the corn-
principle applies to organized labor. The workings mittees which are striving to obtain for the mem-
men are not associated together in fraternal bonds bers of organized labor that which is not only
of unions for fun or pastime, but to offset and reasonable but justifiable.

counteract the tendency of the employing class to There is today among the toilers and wealth
drive the wage-worker to the edge of the limita- producers of the nation, a sense of unrest, a sense
tions of toleration; therefore, in order that labor of insecurity of position, a dread of being dis-
organizations may make a proper display of their missed from the service in which they are en-
potency, it is necessary that the membership be gaged — all due to the inability of the organiza-
in position to show a federated strength which tions under present systems to enforce their de-
will clearly demor^strate their ability to enforce mands, and especially does this obtain in the
that right of recognition which is theirs by virtue railroad world. This unrest could be overcome
of their position in the industrial world. But and a sense of security implanted in its stead were
how may this be done? It is essential that each the workingmen of the nation to awaken to a
coordinate part of the requisite mechanism, or realization of their true strength. It can be over-
if you prefer, each unit of the personnel of tlie come by sensible and logical co-operation In fact,
operating department of any industry, be in bar- and not in theory only.

mony one with the other. In order to give foicc It would be well for the workingman of today

to this argument, let us take several examples of to soberly reflect and consider the predicament ia

lack of efficient co-operation: which they find thftmselves, owing to the divided

(a) The moulders in a shop may consider they and antagonistic spirit which seems to pievaiL
have a just grievance or that they are receiving Labor is acknowledged the most vital essential
less remuneration than is right and just. Their in any community. It is the laborer who pro-
oommittee places before the management their bill duces the wealth with which his wages and the
of grievances. The management having become dividends of the stockholders are paid; and,
previously cognizant of the fact that there is when the wealth producers can be brought to a
dissatisfaction amongst the moulders, have manipu- true understanding of the fact that they have
lated the business accordingly, and are in position rights to be recognized, and when they will stand
to say to them, "We refuse you recognition." together in a solidily federated fraternal body.
The moulders go on strike, but the machinists, then, and not until then, will they obtain full
helpers, stationary engineer and others having no recognition of such rights anxl realize the true
grievance, remain at work. Result: The firm meaning of the word Co-operation.

is able to turn out all work which has been con- Fraternally yours,

tracted for when conditions were obtaining that Walter Copsby.

were satisfactory to all, and the moulders are ..^— ^_^.«.

handicapped, notwithstanding the fact that they

are asking nothing that is unreasonable. In true La CrOSSC* WlS.

and efficient co-operation when the demands of ~^—

the moulders were just the refusal of such de- Most every eligible man on our division is a

mands should be the concern of all. member of the Brotherhood, still there are' a

(b) The firemen on a cerUin railroad are im- number waiting the required time to become eli-
posed upon to such an extent that their life be- gible so they may join No. 176. Now we have
comes burdensome, and they present their de- had election of officers for 1907 and I think we
mands to the management for reasonable con- have a good set of officers, but brothers don't
cessions, but are turned down, and they decide to leave it all for them to do. G>me to the meet-
strike. The engineers, rh? conductors, the brake- ings yourself and assist in the work. Don't leave
men and the telegraphers have no grievance with it all for three or fottr members. Thftr^ is work

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

143

for an of tis» so attend all meetic^s, help the
officers and make our lodge one of the best in the
Brodierhood. Brothers, get after the non-airs
and bring them into camp; the sooner we get
them the better. We have three candidates ready
and I wish to ask the brothers to let the good
work go on. Let us all attend meetings regularly.
Bring all the visiting brothers along, for they are
always welcome. Make the meetings enjoyable,
and others may come if they know you always
have good meetings. Some of the brothers who
have an engagement, or who go visiting until mid-
night, instead of attending meetings will ask
"What did you do up at the meeting today?*'
Right there u where he had ought to be hit by an
automobile. That is no excuse. What would
become of our lodge if every member took that
same interest, or non-interest? It is a very poor
policy for one brother to depend upon* another
brother to attend meetings and think there Mrill
be enough there to run the meeting without him.
Such things will turn out badly to a lodge at
times. Those who do attend the meetings regu-
larly are sometimes given no credit for doing so,
but are accused of being a "gang" who run things
to suit themselves.

Let every member of our Brotherhood deem it
his duty to attend every meetii;g of his lodge un«
less prevented by sickness or being at work.
There are members of every lodge who live but a
short distance from the lodge room who have
every chance to go to meeting, yet are seldom
seen in the lodge room, which is a great mistake.
Our order today is in a more prosperous con-
dition than ever before and it should be the wish
of every member of it to help keep it at its pres-
ent standard.

No. 176 is growing every meeting; not only in
numbers, but a more friendly feeling exists among
its members day by day. No good can be gained
in any work unless we all take a hold. We ex-
tend a welcome to all visiting brothers who may
happen our way. We will do you good.

We are proud of every member who has become
one of us. Fraternally,

FlNAJfCXBB, No. 179.

We were visited on the third of this month by
the Ladies' Auxiliary of the B. of R. T. and sur-
prised by a banquet which was well enjoyed by
alL We hope the ladies will come again so that
we may be able to return the compliment

To gain anything at all we must put our shoul-
ders to the wheel and push, get better acquainted
with each other and help ode axiOther.

All visiting brothers are welcome and will find
the latch string on the outside. All that is re-
quired of them is to take hold and ptUl a little
and the door will be opened to them.
Yours in B., S. & L,

N. A. Gill.

Pittsburg, Kans.

We have been in the background long enough
and now we are going to have something to say
if we have to fight our way into the field to talk.

At our last meeting, December 16, 1006, we
had a fiue meeting with a fairly good attendance.
We also had installation of officers and were
visited by O. R. C. Division No. 888 and were
glad to have th-sm come and visit us and hope this
win not be the last time. They know that they
are always welcome. Co-operate with us. We
had three initiations on hand and when it came
to that part of the program we hitched up the goat
and put him after the candidates, and don't you
forget for a minute that he did not know what to
do. We have had quite a lot of such work as
that lately and '^BOl" is getting on to hia job

Sunday Work.

Recently I have heard much discussion on com-
pulsory Sunday work, and much dissatisfaction
have I noticed from cfmployes who are compelled
to work on the Sabbath, espedaUy when it seems
unreasonable and unnecessary. I mean by this
that this work could be done through the week,
but instead it is left over until Sunday. On our
road Sunday is considered a day for clearing up
what has been left behind and make preparations
for the coming week. In railroad work men will
labor on this day with a look of willingness, but
at the same time they deprecate and object to
Sunday work and the service is performed by
those men with much reluctance. There are very
few vocations at the present time that compel %
man to work for weeks and months without a
day's rest But it is much different in railroad
work. Men are compeUed to work without the
semblance of a day's rest The conditions are
such at the present time ic regard to Sunday
work that they need immediate attention from our
committees. Something should and must be
done to reduce this service to a minimum. Our
committees should not lose sight of this* and nt
soon as possible ameliorate the conditions of these
men. There has never been any interference by
the men in this respect, ar.d, as I consider it very
important on account of the compulsion, I believe
our committee should give this matter much more
attention in the future than they have in the past
at.-d restrict this unnecessary service. Our com-
mittees should produce some remedy to limit ibis
practice. The men employed to perform this ser-
vice are willing to admit that all Sunday work
can not be eliminated, but certainly much of it
can be prevented. In most all other occupations
if men are required to labor on Sunday or other
secular days they are allowed double time. Men
with whom I l^ave conversed on this subject em-
ployed in other vocations avow that it is ex-
hilarating to receive one day of rest a week, and
especially on Sunday. The men employed on
railroada should not be judged as heathens and
pagans^ but exactly the reverse. They enjoy at*
tending church and also rejoice if by good for-
tune they are granted leave of absence on Sun-
day. I believe that every fair member of our
organisation wiU agree that very many of our
brothers are nrodi inpoted ttpoi^^t^U^nn^Te9ii-

144 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

viction that double ttme should be allowed for any be bankrupt paying claims. But today you are re-
service performed on Sunday. ThU remedy will ceived with open arms by the municipality. The
reduce this service to a minimum, and any man ^cy of the town is handed to you by the leading
compelled to work on Sunday is enUUed to that citizens with that show of hospitality for which
much if not more. ^ the South is noted, and not the same spirit which
MsMBtt or No. 82. has made Milwaukee famous. I wish to give the
" young delegates a few pointers before beginning

Mason City, Iowa. "^ argument.

. Don't undress in the "bunk of the sleeper and

We are about to pass another year of prosper- '«»ve your clothes pUed up in the center, then

ity and will say No. 9 U still wide awake in try to crawl into the hammock,

getting new members. We had a special meeting Tha^** the receptacle for your wearing apparel,

on December '22 to iniriate candidates and there J"St change the order.

were six new subjects for the goat with more ap- Don't ky awake at night, become inflated with
plkations on the table to act on, and I cannot un- • «"d<>«n ^^^ of oratory, then go to the conven-
derstand why the brothers do not take more in- »»<>" »"<* complain to the doorkeeper that the en-
terest in the meetings. I know there are some *""«« '^ ^oo ^maH. »nd you feel as big as Jeffries,
who could attend without losing any time or because after you have entered and watched the
sleep, but they seem to wait oft the others. The proceedings your aspiraUons wUl suddenly take
merits of an organization -arc judged by outsiders ^>nK«» *"** ^our exit will be noiseless. So to
by the interest the members take in it. It U the *P««*' you have shrunken to the size of a ban-
duty you owe to yourselves and to your order. *«"» ^«»8»>t. And for fear you may dUturb the
Remember we have to pay hall rent for each «"««•<*« you crawl through the keyhole. If you
meeting and it is very discouraging to see only ^J^come inspired with the fact that owing to your
ten or fifteen members present. The oflRcers need 'ocal reputation, on arising you will thrill the
your help and you need th^iirs; and if you know convention with your sudden outburst of oratory,
of a brother who has let his dues lapse get after *"^ yo« Pic^^re the Grand Lodge Officers taking
him at once. *o the woods, sneeze and forget it

We have four roads running into Mason City. ^"y * Robert's Rules of Order, study the same,

and you can se<; B. of R. T. pins on all of the '^f' ^^ ^^'^fi"' yourself to the subject matter

streets, and any brothers found in our city are al- ** ^•"«' «°<> y«>" ^" he donating your individual

ways enteruincd and we are always delighted to t^**"* ^^ expediting the business of the convention.

see them at our meetings. Let us all put our J5 y*>." h»vc any change to offer relative to the

shoulder to the wheel and push things along for Constitution, anything to add. write it up, con-

the year 1907 and see what we can do towards **«»»« ^« »*"»« »"<* »*»hmit all these matters to the

better attendance. The new officers need your "f^*"^' committees that will be appointed from

assistance and with it we can accomplish a great **»« ?«"«;• ^^en all these important matters that

^^^^ are hurting your head come from the committee

Business at this point is good. The C. & N. W. ""^f"*; ^*^" y°" *=*« ^^^ *«^ ^ote on adopUon or

and C. M. & St. P. Rys. have all the business they «^i«ct>on.

can handle. I wish to thank the Journal for the ^"* '^hy is it necessary for 800 men to meet at

ring and the Brotherhood chart, which are valued *" <«pen9« to this organization of $80,000 every

highly and will endeavor to lenew thirty sub- *«« y«f'«- We are at peace with the worid. No

scriptions at least for the new year. To read the fomplaints. and God knows there are rules enough

Journal is the way to apprecUte it Yours in *« our Constitution to govern half a million of

B. S. and I. ^'^^' ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ** requisite is a compliance

L. RoBBKTS. ^'^ **** *•*"*• Because Article 4 of our Con-

Journal Agent No.' 9. "titution says so. Now its yp to you delegates to

__^_____^_______ change this. Let me submit a plan.

All railroad systems have or should have a Gen-

Chicago, 111* eral Chairman or General Grievance Committee.

Some are salaried. Some are not No doubt these

An announcement will soon be made by the As- gentlemen are picked because of their superior
sodated Press that "P. H. Morrissey and 800 knowledge of everything in general. Why not
Rough Riders have invaded Atlanta, Georgia. The constitute them into a representotive body to
strategy board from the war department, located meet biennially. It could be done without ex-
at Cleveland. Ohio, is rushing to the scene of con- pense to our Grand Lodge. Those systems that
flict. Our correspondent claims they are good have paid chairmen, of course, would be under
marchers, some having 'drilled' for years, no expense. On those systems that have not
(Later.) They have captured one of Atlanta's salaried chairmen, an assessment would be levied
commodious buildings and are now intrenched, to defray his expenses, and those lodges that be-
Heavy bombarding is heard from the inside. A long to no large railroad system could have a
reproof is heard, 'You are out of order.' Ex- representative from each lodge, the expense to
plosion of a mortar. (Morrissey's gavel.)" be borne by the Grand Lodge. You would save

History repeaU itself. Forty-four years ago such $76,000 by this method at least Also be modern

an invasion of this city would have met with ob- and act upon the suggestions that are published

stinate resistance. And our organization would in our Journal. Change Sectioiv^ir CpnstUpfi^

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 146

GrMd Lodge to read: President, Viee Pretident, the trcfahret of our wtr dcpartmeitt it CleireUnd.

Firtt Vice President, Second Vice President, Let it be the last one that it will be reqiusite to

Third .Vice President and Fourth and Fifth if the send an individual representative from each

convention wills, instead of Grand Master, etc. lodge. Elect your Grand Lodge OIBcers for a

Section 7, Constitution of the Grand Lodge, term of years, as suggested. Leave nothing un-

reads: The Grand Lodge Officers shall be elected done for your successors, for you don't need

at each regular convention and shall hold office any. Be good to those brothers who seek Grand

two years. Modify that to read six years, in- Lodge offices, and make provision for their benefit

stead of two. Submit a resolution to the Com- so that they can attend and be heard at their

mittee on Constitution and By-Laws empowering individual expense.

the Grand Lodge to strike out the words Grand Trips to the conventions want to be relegated
Master, etc, and insert the words. President, etc., to the scrap heap. They are not necessary and
wherever found in our Constitution, By-Laws and are a useless expense. And don't forget to pro-
Ritual. Compensation for these officers should vide for the Home. No doubt Brother O'Keefe
be equal to their ability. Your present Grand will be on hand in the interest of that splendid
Lodge Officers have certainly demonstrated theirs cause. Loosen up, boys. Make provisions for
on every and all occasions. Shake this orgaaixa- those unfortunates that are depending upon that
tion through a mental seive and I truthfully leading word of your motto. Benevolence. Again
don't know one that would be caught in the I say, dispense with your pleasure trip biennially
meshes. Read and reflect on their past perform and give to charity.

anoes, and put yourself in their place. Why, j remain sincerely yours in B., S. and I.,

brothers, the amount of increase granted alone to Squakb Dial.

switchmen on the first of November, 1«0«, is more ___«.
than would pay them a salary equal, if not more

than the President of the United SUtes and his KansaS City.

Cabinet — —

President Johnson, who engineers a few ball Brother McGarry, of Lodge No. 188, has very
teams, rose from $1,200 per year five years ago, briefly and clearly presented to you his opinion
to $1S,000 per annum at present. Don't you begin and ideas relative to reducing the expenses ac-
to realize that Brother P. H. Morrissey and his cruing from our biennial conventions. It is an
team plays daily before an audience of 90,000 old idea differently told and clothed, and better-
spectators for less even than Ban Johnson? Is it has some merit. It also has opponents in its
it right? Your Grand Master took off bis coat entirety. I am one. Your belief is well meaning,
and entered the arena of intellectual combat with A great many idiosyncracies of belief may be in-
the General Managers' Association as opponents dulgcd in without any particular harm to any one.
in behalf of the switchmen, won out as you have By your proposed system of representation Penn-
found out, yd he b still stripped for action for sylvania would control by virtue of having the
the second round in behalf of the road men. greatest number of delegates. Nevada would
And I predict the same results. Success has al- call that sharp practice. It might arouse section-
ways crowned the banner he leads. Then why alism. It appears to me that the costs of all
not pay for such talent? Let me make known the state, provincial and district assemblies would
the fact that there is not a stingy bone in a Chi- equal that of a general convention. Where is
cago switchman's makeup. Of course, some be- tiie economy? You do not absolve the "private**
come hidebound. That's owing to climatic con- from shouldering the expense. Delegates must be
ditions, but thank heaven is not contagious, and paid. They will expect it. During the embryonic
you will find the same in all localities. You re- period of our order members frequently served
quire no successors for such talent. I have shown without pay. The warrant was alien — a curio,
you how to save $75,000. The question is how Such a member today, if discovered, would bs
to spend the same and be beneficial to our organ- heralded as a human monstrosity — a B. R. T.
ization. I read an article in November Joubkal freak. The perpetual desire now of many is to
from some brother knocking at our door for ad- be on the pay roll. Some succeed. If we must
mittance. That might have been overlooked, there- have conventions and your plan provides for one,
fore shall try to embody his sentiments in this, although in a different form — not so voluminous —
for I coincide with his views. The plan is: There but from my point of view equally expensive,
are some worthy and unfortunate members who let's compromise and hold one every four years,
have met with an accident, suffering the loss of That would be an economic change from the pres-
a hand or foot, who have their benefits from the ent. We demand from the Atlanta delegates a
organization and are still employed, only in a less change — a new deal. Everything is transition,
hazardous position. They are in the prime of man- There is no sUbility, no cessation, no rest. Bi-
hood, aside from this disability. Why not allow ennial conventions have served their purpose in
them to continue paying on their policy the same the past. Let's progress. We know that all
amount as prescribed by the Constitution, payable things change and the highest service anything
only for death? and we could take in for mem- can render is to prepare us to outgrow it. Per-
hership a number of others who are switchtend- haps no man ever purchased or had purchased a
ers. Give this serious consideration. I could pair of boots that brought him more joy than
spread a good deal of ink in defense of this the first pair his father bought him when a child,
clause. Let this convention become historical in But the boots were useful to htm only bacause

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146

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

tbey wet« to become useless, and they bectme use-
less pretty fast. They served him only as they
enabled him to outgrow them. The cradle is only
that the cradle may become useless — biennial con-
ventions are only that they may become useless.
The same can be said of our Constitution and
many of our laws. One law particularly says
that we must send a delegate. That's wrong.
Substitute the word may. Sounds more pleasant.
That would be economy if a lodge did not desire
to send a delegate. Many have said so. Amon^
other subjects to be considered at Atlanta is tfa&t
of providing for a secret service department not
to rival any one now in the field of espionage, but
to protect us against impostors and secure us in>
formation on various subjects that would benefit
all, particularly in the claims department. Let the
biennial convention pass in gilded hearses to
forgetfulness and decay.

Jokes, No. 281.

848.
85«.

S.OO
5.00

740.

i>.00

The Home.

The following donations have been received at
the home for the month of December, 1006:

B. R. T. Lodges.

857 $12.00

1 $10.00

6 10.00

24 17.00

25 28.00

99.
81.
82.
88.
50.
69.

5.00

15.00

12.00

2.00

5.00

71 25.00

76 9.00

89 2.60

86 10.00

87 6.00

100 99.00

101 25.00

117 5.00

129 5.00

182 8.00

140 6.00

145 6.00

164 10.00

169 10.00

178 5.00

174 25.00

189 5.00

208 10.00

910 10.00

224 2.00

241 12.00

248 10.00

267 12.00

976 10.00

986 4.05

989 5.00

806 10.00

809 8.00

819 6.00

859 5.00

878 1.00

878 5.00

886 5.50

898 15.00

897 6.00

404 12.00

405 5.00

418 6.00

421 19.00

481 6.00

438 12.00

445.... 15.00

442 12.00

450 10.00

451 19.00

461 2.00

466 10.00

496 6.00

C07 12.00

511 12.00

529 26.00

540 25.00

544 5.00

.*47 15.00

548 6.00

665 10.00

580 10.00

595 4.00

602 12.00

687 5.00

647 20.00

650 2.30

681 10.00

698 5.00

689 10.00

648 1.00

708 10.00

Total $762.32

L. A. T. Lodge.

872 $ .1.60

Summary.

O. R. C. Divisions $ 46.00

B. R. T. Lodges 752.82

B. L. E. Divisions 86.00

B. L. F. Lodges 807.96

G. L A. Divisions 155.00

L. A. C. Divisions 45.00

L. A. T. Lodge 8.60

James Costetlo, No. 270, O. R. C 1.00

From a friend. No. 816, B. L. F 1.00

Members of No. 425, B. L. F 6.50

Alfred S. Lunt, No. 456, B. R. T 1.00

W. A. Gardner, Chicago, 111 10.00

Howard Elliott. St. Paul, Minn 10.00

F. C. Ulhnan, St Joe, Mo 1.00

F. J. Deems* New York 6.00

F. Ustick, Aurora, Dl 7.70

Miscellaneous .86

Total $1,388.48

Miscellaneous.
One quilt from No.. 859, G. L A.
Two quilts from No. 849, L. A. T.
One box of canned goods and supplies from
No. 866, G. L A.

One box of cigars from M. J. Condon, No. 88,
O. R. C.

One box of cigars from McGinty k O'Brien,
Chicago, ni.

Cigars and tobacco from L. A. C. School of In-
structions held in Chicago, 111., in October, 1906.
Respectfully submittedf

John O'Kbipb,
SecreUry and Treasurer.

Seattle, Wash.

It must be interesting to the American people
to learn that some citizens of the Japanese Em-
pire, who are having the benefits of American op-
portunity and education, have come to the con-
clusion that Uncle Sam wouldn't amount to a hill
of beans in a war with Japan.

At least, so far as the Hearst News Service
was published throughout America, that was the
import of the cablegram from Paris, published on
a Sunday morning.

It should be observed in this connection that
Consul General Miller, who has resided at Yoko-
hama for a long time, is also of the opinion that
Japan is secretly preparing for war with the
United States. If Consul Miller be correct* then
why may it not be true that a Japanese residing
in some American city has written to French
journals precisely, as these publications treat the
matter so seriously? Without stopping to com-
ment upon the very discourteous attitude of a
man who is receiving the same rigfau in thte
country that any American citizen if receiving^
when he tells a lot of Frenchmen that it wouldn't

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Google

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 147

take Japan only the twinkling of an eye to wipe years ago and a lot o£ Russians so ignorant that

the United States off the map. let iw proceed to they never learned to read or write and who were

some facts. fighting for ten cents a day, instead of under the

Who is this nation, five thousand miles across stimulus of a patriotic ambition,

the Pacific, which sends out emissaries to strut y/^ jcnow that Japan has a good navy, that it is

around like banUm roosters ready to pick up a ^^U manned and that it has been able to hold

fight with anybody who dare resent such conduct? Hg q^^ and make good every time with every

Until one c£ America's greatest naval officers, nation with which it has fought down to the

Commodore Perry, fifty odd years ago, forcefully present, but let us not reckon with Uncle Sam

opened up the principal port of Japan to the com- ^long these tines. Uncle Sam not only has a bet-

mcrce of the world, that natk>n was considered ter navy than Japan ever dreamed of, but it is

to be barbarous and apparently the "considera- i^ittcr manned and can vanquish the navy of any

tion** was justified. nation on the face of the earth. If Japan ever

For more than fifty years the Japanese have declares war against Uncle Sam and she isn't

been treated as brothers by the great Western pm out of business inside of six months then it

Republic and during her struggle for independ- will be because she is a better fighter than the

ence and the assertions of her rights to be recog- Spaniards were in 1898.'

nixed as a progressive and modern naUon. Japan ^^ ^^„,j ^^^ ^^^ ^.^.^^^ j^^ ^ .^^

h^ bad the sympathy of Uncle Sam and every- ^ ^„ ^^ ^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^„ ^^ ^,^^ ^^ ^^^^^^

thing for which that name stands. A few years ^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ 90,000,000 of Yankees she

ago she got into a war with the most antiquated ^.,i g„^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ .^^,^ ^^^^

natum <m earth, so anuquated that the multiphcity ^.p^inc eating Chinamen nor ignorant and serf

of her population was about the only consideraUon j^^^ened Russians,

for her recognition as a nation at all. ,,, . * ^ , ,

Naturally enough, a nation that had been ^« ""^ >^"»"« almighty tired of this young
taught progress along modern lines, found it not ^°^ «»f J^^ ^^^\ strutting around the in-
difficult to whip China into line, even though the ternational barnyard, with a chip on his shoulder
population of one was ten Umes greater than the •"^ •^'""8 » ^^^ ^»^o«^ ^^'^ ^^ ^^^ >>«^
population of the other. But after that, and oPPon«t "»ay ««•

when that same Chinese people undertook to This constant iteration that we have heard for

drive out tiie representatives of the Western the last six months that Japan can lick the United

Hemisphere, and to do so brought on the "Boxer States in any war. renunds us of the boasting

war," what happened? of the Spaniard who for fifty years honestly be-

A half dozen European nations, with Uncle lieved that if he ever got a chance at Uncle Sam

Sam's Marines at the head, fought their way to he could wipe him off the seas, if he didn't wipe

Peking and rescued the Ambassador of those na- him off the North American continent

tions. and did it as heroically as any troops ever The Spaniard grew so bold in his boasting and

won a battle under Napoleon. his insults that one day he blew up an American

But what was the relartve strength between the warship, and then he saw an explosion that re-
European troops that fought their way to Peking minded him of all that his religion had taught
and really put down the Boxer war, and the ag- him of helL That was on the 15th day of Febni-
gregation which represented the uprising in China? ary, 1898, and on the 10th day of August of that
It was that of one thousand to one. game year there wasn't a vestige of a Spanish

In comparison with what the Japanese accom- navy left upon any seas. Not only that but there

plished in China during that great strife, that wasn't a Spanish possession left in the Atlantic

which the European naval forces, with Uncle or the Pacific ocean. So let Japan take warning.

Sam's blue jackets at their head, accomplished in Her people are being treated the same as Ameri-

tbe Boxer war is the comparison of the dullard can citizens everywhere in this country, and that

and scientist is all they should receive— and that's all theyl!

To be sure Japan licked ancient Russia, whose get

trw, though numerous, were fighting with the j^ .^ey send their young men above twenty

fodlities of war modern only in the days when y^„, ^j ^^ ^^ .^^ United States to gain an edu-

Napoleon marched to the Russian capital in the ^,i^„^ ^^ose young men will be subjected to the

dead of winter, and was defeated only because ^^^ ^,^ ^^ regulations that govern American

Ae Rt«.ans preferred stanration and freezing lo y^^^^. and the threata of all the scribblers in the

de^at by the army under Napoleon. ^^,,j ^^„,j ^^^ g^

We well know that at the contest of Port Ar- „,^ .^ . J^ . .

thur most heroic efforts were made and that re ,^**~ ^"*«*'' ""' P<»'tland, or Seattle, says that

suits were accompUshed only by the grandest ^^"^ y**""« ™*" •*»*" •"«'»^ ™8*>* •^'^^^ ^^

bravery the world ever knew, combined with the "*** ^l'**"*^^ out Amencan chUdren from the day

'enpk>yment of the most modem impkmenta of 't * "^ Japanese wiU obey the order just

^f„^ the same as though they were bom in this coun*

But don't let Japan think for a moment that ^^' ^^ ^"»* *^« ""^ " American boys do.

she would have a soft snap with Uncle Sam if Now here is the answer to the Japanese, but it

they ever got into a tussle with him, be- ^ S*^^ under this alleged threat of Japanese in

casise she was able to lick a k>t of Chinamen who America, through French channels. But if war

could be driven like sheep to the shambles ten abould occur, just watch these mx^ctions.

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148 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

First— Inside of six months there wouldn't be ST. LOUIS ft SOUTHWESTERN RY.

vessel of the Jtpsneae navy afloat on any waters. Rates increased four cents per hour, effective

Second.— That little island over there in the December 1st, 1900.

North Padfle measuring 147,000 square miles, or OREGON SHORT LINE.

about twice as many as are contained in the sUte jj^w Chicago scale in effect in aU yards Novem-

of Washington, would be wiped out as a Japanese f^,. ]^ iqq^^

nation altogether. OREGON RY. ft NAVIGATION CO.

,™'t":i"*'?1 K '" ^r% ^''^"'^. **^ New Chicago scale in effect in all yards Decem-

a lot of "boastful bantams," the Stars and Stripes ^^ ^^^ ^ *

would be floating from every masthead in Tokio '

and Nagasalcl. Instead of forty-five millions of SAN ANTONIO ft ARKANSAS PASS RY.

people living like bees in hives there would be a New Chicago scale in effect in all yards Decern-

scattered population, just as Uncle Sam might ^^ ^»*' ^®^-

dicUte, and they would be the most obedient peo CHICAGO, PEORIA ft ST. LOUIS RY.

pie in the world. Yards at East St. Louis. 111., new Chicago scale

No. 190 is progressing nicely at this time and effective December Ist, 1900.

we hope to have the banner lodge of the Pacific FRISCO SYSTEM.

Coast in the near future, as every member seems ^h^ „^^ Chicago scale effective in aU yards West

to have taken a deeper interest than heretofore, ^^ ^^e Mississippi River. November 1, 1900. Yards

and is endeavoring to do his best for the welfare j^ ^^ ^^e Mississippi, except Birmingham, in-

of our order, by getting applicants and attending creased relative rates.

metHngi. Busfai«|. ha. been brisk all the foil INTERNATIONAL ft GREAT NORTHERN RY.

and winter on both- the Great Northern and «..,,.. . ,

Northern Padfic, and they have experienced con- ^^ '" •** '^!!1'^/°'I^'* ''^'*' "*"** ^ '*"^''

siderable trouble in securing experienced men to ^^^"^ November 1, 1900.

handle the trains. SeatUe wiU be a good railroad WIGGINS FERRY CO.

center in a year or two, as three other roads are Yards at St. Louis, Mo., and E. St. Louis, IlL,

building toward here as fast as possible. We then new Chicago scale effective November 1, 1900.

hope to build up No. 190 to the largest member- COLORADO ft SOUTHERN RY.

ship possible. Fraternally yours. Rates in all yards increased four cenU per hour,

C. J. JuDKiMS. effective November 1. 1900.

Secreury No. 190. WISCONSIN CENTRAL RY.

""""""""""■""" Rates in all yards increased four cents per hour.

New Wage Settlements. effective November 1st. 1900.

— - MISSOURI, KANSAS & TEXAS RY.

The JouiNAL publishes a few of the recent agree- Rates in all yards increased four cents per hour,

ments that have been made by the Brotherhood effective November Ist, 1900.

committees. There are no cent an hour, twelve SOUTHERN RY. (St. Louis-LouisviUe Lines),

hours a day, schedules in this lot. They are all ^^ st Louis yards increased four cenU per

good ones, up to grade, and cover quite a bit of ^^„,^ effective November 1st. 1900.

railroad territory. ^^^^^ ^ p^^^p^^ ^ ^

CLEVELAND. O., DISTRICT. r,,^ i„ ,„ ^^^^ .^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^

By arrangement with committees of the Brother- effective November Ist, 1900.

hood the following lines agree to pay rates of one « .^« . « f,jj,y QOTTTHFRK RV

cent per hour less than the new Chicago scale: KANSAS CITY SOUTHERN RY.

C. C. C. ft St. L. Ry., effective November 1st; ^^'^ ^ ^^"^ '"^"^ '^"' *^*» ^' »»^"'''

N. Y. C. ft St. L., Eric R. R.. Pa. R. R.; effective '^^'"^ November 1st. 1900.

December 1st; B. & O. R. R.. and W. ft L. E. Ry., ILLINOIS CENTRAL R. R.

effective January 1, 1907. Minimum increase of four cents per hour in all

CINCINNATI O y<^rds, and other increases granted, effective Decem*

The following yards pay the new Chicago scale. '

effective December 1st. 1900: B. & O. S. W. Ry.; PITTSBURG SWITCHING DISTRICT.

C. C. C ft St. L. Ry.. and C. H. ft D. Ry. Effective January 1, 1907, rates for yardmen in

INDIANAPOLIS. IND. all principal yards in this district are as follows:

Effective January Ist, 1907. the Indianapolis I>«y conductor. 35 cents; night conductor, 80 cents;

Union Ry.. C. C. C. ft St. L. Ry.. and other lines ^Y brakeman, 80 cents; night brakeman. 81

mainUining yards at this point, pay uniform rates. c«n^- Ten hours or less to constitute a day's

with a minimum increase of four cenU per hour. ^'ork. The former rates were: Day conductor. 80

The increases on the Pa. R. R. become effective <«nts; night conductor. 31 cents; day brakeman;

December 1st. 1900. ^' cents; night brakeman, 84 cents, and men regu-

OMAHA, SOUTH OMAHA AND COUNCIL '"'x «»P'oj'«<« w«« generally paid twelve hours

BLUFFS eleven hours' work.

All yards' at these points represented by Brother- MICHIGAN CENTRAL R. R. (anada Division),

hood committees are now paying the new Chicago Rates for night yard men increased four cents

scale. per hour; day yard men. three ceiit»^per houik

Digitized by VjOOQIC

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 149

PENNSYLVANIA LINES WEST OF PITTS- Itt, 1906. for brakemen, baggage and yard men. It
BURG. increaacs rates of wages materially and shortens
Effective December Ist, 190«, minimum day of the working hours of the road men.
ten hours;, established in all yards which have PHILADELPHIA & READING R. R.
heretofore been on a twelve hour basis. Material After months of effort the general committees of
increases granted, based largely on comparative the B. L. £., B. L. F., O. R. C. and B. R. T. for
rates with other lines. the P. & R. System have settled with the manage-
Rates for road men are also increased ten per ment, as a result of which circulars are issued gov-
cent snd many beneficial changes made in the rules, erning the working conditions of the men employed
NEW YORK HARBOR DISTRICT. in engine, train and yard service, effective Decem-
Effective December 1st. 1906, the New York ber 1st. 1906. Increases in wages of about 10 per
Central R. R. increased the rates of pay of its yard ceni for aU classes of employes represented by the
men in the New York Harbor District five cents organizations, were also secured. Committeemen
per hour. Other lines, excepting the SUten Island of the B. L. F., O. R. C. and B. R. T., who had
R. R. and the Long Island R. R., increased the been unjusUy discharged because of service on com-
rate for yard men four cents per hour, effective mittees. when the matters were first taken up. were
December 1st, 1906, and agreed with committees of reinsUted. For many years this road has opposed
the Brotherhood to arbitrate the question of organization, and for a time it looked as if extreme
whether or not the men would receive an additional measures would have to be resorted to in order to
one cent per hour. The Stoten Island R. R. in- lecure to the men the right to belong to organiza-
creased rates four cents per hour, effective Decem- tions and be represented by committees in dealing
ber 1st, 1906. The Long IsUnd R. R. increased with the management. The committees of the
rates for conductors 4| cents per hour, and brake- ^our organizations and the Grand Officers co-opera-
men 81 cents per hour, effective December 1st, tc<i and worked harmoniously to the end. The set-
1906. The negotiations for the New York Harbor tlement insures not only better pay and working
District were conducted exclusively by committees conditions for the men on the Reading Road, but
of the Brotherhood, assisted by a Grand Lodge establishes their right to be members of the organi-
f^Sctr. cations of their choice. It is confidently expected

new' YORK CENTRAL & HUDSON RIVER •^' •'*«' *!* •*«'«?«»* «»« oppo«tion of the man-
P P agement to the organizations has been removed, and

-, -, . ^ ^. ..u . • tl"^t the employes and the company will have a

Following negotiations with the general com- . ,^ j * j. * .u • J. • u*

I*. r *u m *!. 1. J ^ *!.• r X ^ better understanding of their respective rights,

mittee of the Brotherhood for this system, rates of __^ ^

yard men are materially increased, the minimum

increase being five cents per hour, and all yards As To Raiiroad Wrecks.

placed on a basis of ten hours for a day*s work. ■

UNION PACIFIC R. R. ^^ ^^^ ^' ^^ accidents on the railroads today

Rates in all yards increased four cents per hour, *'« «»"»«<* ^">"«*» **>« ^*«J^ »' employes either

effective November 1st, 1906. »»^«*P "^ **>*^'' P<*»* ^^ ^^"* ^"* •"<* unstrung by

CENTRAL R. R. OF GEORGIA. ^^^ '^T ^^ ^^^"' '^"* ''^ Tlf '^^ "" *k

^ , .^ ^ ,.. . desire to make large earnings month by month

Our general committee for th» .y.tem !». nego- ^^^^ ^^ ^ ,^ ^ ^,^ ^, ^ ^^^

tmted an agreement for br^emen, flagmen and ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^, ^^ MUdaalppi

rard men, under which matenal tncreMe. m wage. ,^^^ ^ ^,^^ ^ ,^^ ^ ^^^ ,^

are granted, and overttme on through fr«ght. » „^ „„, , ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^j^ ^,

pud on a baaui of q>eed of m mile, per hour A ,h,^,,„ „ ^, ^^ .^ .^.^ „„ .^^ ^

new set of working rules was obtained which bet- ,. ^.„ u^ ^ ^^ ^ * *• • * j i* *

. J. . 1. . . ^ It inay he premature to anticipate good results from

ters the conditions of the employes interested. . ^ *i. t * * . ^ r- •- -^

*^ ' the purpose of the Interstate Commerce Commission

DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA & WESTERN ^^ investigate not only the awful railroad wreck of

^^' the B. & O. Road, but other recent disasters, in-

The joint general committee of the O. R. C. and eluding the rear end collision which cost the life

B. R. T. for this system recently negotiated an ^f Samuel Spencer and the lives of his several

amended agreement, wherein the road men are companions. But the fact that the Commission's

given a fair increase in wages. Some of the work- examination may lead to action by Congress is

ing rules are also amended. enough to justify hope that Federal authority over

WABASH R. R. railroads may be extended to increase the measure

The joint committee of the O. R. C. and B. R. of protection now given to passengers. The au-

T. for this line recently concluded negotiations thority of the Commission to undertake this investi-

with the management whereby a new schedule for gation is found in a Congressional resolution

road and yard men became effective December Ist, adopted last June. That resolution directed the

1906. Some of the wage rates were increased and Commission to "investigate and report on the use

the rules changed for the better. An increase of and necessity for block signal systems and appli-

four cents an hour was made in all yards of the ances for the automatic control of railway trains

system. in the states.*' Because of this resolution the Com-

RICHMOND, FREDERICKSBURG & POTOMAC mission may examine into the cause of the Terra

RY. Cotta disaster and of other similar calamities

A new schedule is effective on this line November where the loss of life was attribuuble either to> de-
Digitized .. -

160 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

fecUvc Bignaling on the part of the flagman or to We thould place a reward apon the memhers.
the failure of engineers to pay heed to signals who in our infancy built the foundation for this
properly set. Where catastrophes occur through great and noWe Brotherhood. We should show
the neglect of engineers to observe and to obey our appreciation for the "old timer" that banked
signals, all the investigation the Commerce Com- his all in this noble work. Therefore, I believe
mission may undertake and all the legislation Con- it proper and just that after one has had a con-
gress may adopt from now till doomsday will not tinual membership for twenty-five years that we
result in the saving of a single life. The only pro- issue him a paid-up policy good lor face value
tection against the carelessness of engineers and at total disability or death, and said members to
flagmen is the infliction of such exemplary pun- discontinue payment to the beneficiary fund. We
ishment upon those who survive their own criminal owe this as a debt of gratitude and if we fail to
responsibility that other flagmen and engineers will make this provision we will all live to see the
be warned to greater caution. It should be possible years roll by when we, as they, are wondering
for the IntersUte Commerce Commission with its where our next month's dues wiH come from,
extensive powers of search to determine whether We should discontinue the practice of corn-
present methods of railroad signaling are as perfect peHing our members employed by arbitrary or un-
as human skill and ingenuity can make them. The friendly officials of bearing the burden of the ex-
fact that ordinary signals are easily blanketed by pcnse for maintaining the dignity of our Brother-
fogs and obscured by mist alone suggests that Con- hood. 1*11 cite you two systems in support of my
gress should impose upon railroads a law providing, argument. The Missouri Pacific— Iron Mountain
under heavy penalties, for extraordinary precau- System— has paid nearly $15.00 per man for
tions when weather conditions make the usual safe- Grievance Committee assessments for the year
guards uncertain. It should be the function of rail- "^909, and the Terminal Railroad Association has
road experts to advise the Commission as to what P^^^ !«•* than $1.00 per man. I contend that it
form those extraordinary precautions should take. ^ ^ much to the interest of the Terminal brother
If the customary signals on the Baltimore & Ohio ^^^^ the Missouri Pacific brothers be successful
had been supplemented by emergency signals more ■' ^^^ himself to be. A failure to one is an in-
than fifty people who then perished would be alive i^^ to all. Therefore, I believe in Ueu of the
and scores of others would have escaped mutilation P*"***"* system of collecting Grievance Committee
and shock. Mr. James J. Hill, who it may be ad- assessments that we should collect a Grievance
mitted, knows something of railroading from the Committee fund by assessing each member holding
inside, recently said: "Every time I undertake a PO^^t^on with companies that we assume to legis-
railroad journey nowadays, I wonder whether it is *■** '^''» *^ **** amount of twenty-five cents per
to be my last. The thing has grown to be uncer- »n^nt*> P«r member. While this system might
tain. It is a fact of knowledge to every railroad f**** ^*** expense of our Brotherhood with some
man that in this day from two to three trains enter ** ^ould be a great saving with others, and woulJ
at times into every block of every system in the "materially increase our membership on such roads
country. There is danger in it.'* Recent events *' ^* "**** *^*"' ™<*«* ""^^ would equalize the ex-
lend peculiar force to Mr. Hill's remarks. The P***^ ^^ °"'' Brotherhood to a great advantage to
Interstate Commerce Commission and Congress "* *^^» *"<f ^ ■"> <>' the opinion that the fact of
may profit from what he says, as well as from the **"'' <^®""n»ttee being backed up by a fund of
circumstances that provoked him to say it. Well, ^1<><^»<>^<> or «nore would be a great incentive io
brothers, "more light." not only for the Brother- l^^^ general managers and assist them materially
hood of Labor but also for the Brotherhood of *" nwWng up their minds, and hence a short
Capital. Alf«ed S. Lunt, »ession.

Lodge No. 456, B. R. T. ^« need more men in the field and we need more

frequent advice, and I say let us make room for as

t? i. Oi. T Til ""y advisers as is necessary to thoroughly cover

East St. Louis, 111. the field.

_. . ^ To successfully bring about those c)ianget men-

The writer read in December's Journal hints tioned above it would require an increased ex-

hy the Editor as to what in hU opinion would pense to some individual members of about $7.00

come up before our next convention. I wish to per year, while to others it would be a saving

add a few measures, also endorse one suggested of more than that sum, but for argument's sake

regarding the insurance. I, like yourself, believe suppose it was an increase to alU who conld

a Class C policy should be three times as Urge complain after his insurance had been raised

as a Class A, also should cost three times as $160.00, provisions made for a burial fund of

much as a Class A policy. $100.00 and his salary recently raised about $140.00

I also believe we should provide Christian bur- per year', all through the leadership and wise ad-

ials from ouf General Fund for aU our members, vice of our Worthy Grand Officers? I believe those

beneficiary or non-beneficiary. ThU could easily changes are essential to the future welfare of our

be done by collecting grand dues twelve times Brotherhood. No stone should be left unturned

per year instead of eight Money created in this that would assist in their fulfillment,

manner should be paid out upon telegraphic notice Respectfully yours in B., S. and I.,

of the death of a member. Euotirs Wuobt.

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EDITORIAL

Vol. XXIV.

No. 2

A Bill To Regulate The Hours Of Railway

Duty.

January 10, 1907, the Senate passed a
bill to regulate the hours of railway service.
What has been accomplished thus far is to
be placed to the credit of Senator LaFol-
Ictte, who seems to be the only Senator hav-
ing courage sufficient to take up a measure
that purposes to regulate the hours of ser-
vice and through it the safety of employes
and the traveling public

The railroad companies, one and all, are
opposed to any measure that will destroy
their right to urge men to remain on duty
after they have served longer than safety
warrants. The state laws protect the em-
ploye, in some instances, from excessive
hours, but there is no legal obstacle to an
employe continuing service after a certain
number of hours, if he wants to. In de-
fense of this "right" to accede to the wishes,
or demands, of his employer, the railway
train and engine men remain continuously
in service after their powers are deadened
and perceptions numbed to the extent that
they are unsafe.

The railroad companies have been very
active in misrepresenting the effect of such
a bill to their employes. They have told
them of the probability of being within five
miles of home and then forced by the law
to remain there for ten hours before they
could proceed. They have appealed to the
cupidity of the ''mileage fiend" and told
him how his wages would be cut down, etc.

They have counseled their men to protest
against a measure of the kind and many of
the men have done so and signed protests
that were inspired and ordered by the rail-
way companies.

Every railroad man knows just how much
good he is after he has been sixteen
hours in service. If railroad trains as now
made up can only run an average of five
to six miles per hour and must use from
twenty hours, to any length of time, to get
over anywhere from 100 to 175 miles of
track, the plan of operation is unsafe. Let
the mileage running rate be increased, and
tonnage cut down so trains can make time.
If this is done and all trains equipped with
automatic appliances, as the law says they
must be, freight trains can make 15 to 25
miles an hour and get over the division in-
stead of "boating" along at the present rate
that keeps a man out longer than he can
safely work.

It makes no difference whether a man
works by the day or the mile so far as time
goes. The railroad man who wants to
make 20 hours for the sake of making the
extra money is willing to risk his own life
and that of every person on the same
division with him. He ought not to be al-
lowed to do it and the railroads that en-
deavor to prevent a continuance of their
criminal performances ought by pressure of
public demand be brQUght tOook for ac«

152 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

cidentS, in a way that would force them to »nd consequenUy in the demand for the Ubor of

demand legal protection against the time ^'*>~»«ni •«<*

- , . -n • 1 .. • f * Whereas the eflkient handKng of the public

fiend, who will risk everythuig for over- b^^ne* Intrusted to int.f«.te rdlwv cTrier.
time. requires the arrangement of the runs of train crews

In bringing the question before the Sen- ^ **>•* >" many cases the distances covered can not

ate, Senator LaFollette introduced the ac- "^^y* be traversed when conditions are at aU ad-

f . . . , . - - verse withm sixteen hours, and this is especially

companymg proofs to back up his plea for ^^ue of what are known as 'turn' runs, which, how.

the law : ever, are universally preferred by train crews l«e.

"I am not unmindful of the fact, Mr. President, cause they permit the layovers to be spent at their
that during the present session quite a number of homes, with increased comfort and reduced ex-
protests against this legislation have been received pense; and

by Senators from railway employes. Some have "Whereas the restriction of the hours of labor
been presented to the Senate, some have not been by imposing a statutory maximum of sixteen hours,
presented to this body. I believe that the railway with exceptions only in case of casualties occurring
companies have exerted themselves to secure from after the run begins, would require the railways to
the employes a disapproval of this legislation. I keep upon their pay rolls a greatly increased num-
need not enlarge upon the readiness with whkh it her of men to handle the traffic at the period of its
is possible in that service to in some measure coerce greatest volume, but many of them would be idle
the judgment and the action of those who are work- much of the time during most of the year, and
ing for railroad companies. would thus greatly reduce the average annual earn-

"The Senator from Wyoming (Mr. Warren) ings of all classes of trainmen: Now, therefore,
presented some letters, which were printed in the be it

Record of yesterday, making protest against this "Resolved, That we, members of — , condemn
legislation. I have been advised by other Senators any legislative proposal for the restriction of the
of the receipt, upon their part, of letters from rail- number of hours during which railway trainmen
road employes in their respective states urging op- shall be permitted to dispose of their labor, and
position to this bill. I have here a communication that we especially protest against the passage of the
from a member of one of the railway organizations bill known as S. 5188, introduced by Senator La
of this country. I will not give the name of the Follette, or any similar measure; and
writer of this letter nor will I locate the lodge or *»Be it further resolved. That these resolutions
the order of which he u a member. I will submit be forwarded to the Senators and Members of Con-

the letter very cheerfuUy to the examination of any g^css from the State of , to the chairman of

Senator on this floor who may desire to see it. the Committee on Education and Labor of the
This letter is addressed to Mr. Fuller, the legisla- United Slates Senate, and to the Speaker and *he
tive representative of the railway organizations of chairman of the Committee on IntersUte and For-
this country, who, I think, for some seven or eight eign Commerce of the House of RepresenUHves.
years, has been in attendance upon the sessions of "With two blank lines for signatures.
Congress. It is dated January 7. 190«. It was "i ^m of the opinion, Mr. President, that Sen%-
receivcd but a few days ago. and since January 7, tors will readily understand, from the character of
1907. It reads as follows: those resolutions and from their source, that in

"Mr. H. R. Fuller. j^,^ P^^t the opposition to this legislation, as pre-

"Dear Sir and Brother: The inclosed unsigned sented by railway employes, is inspired, not to say
resolutions were handed to one of our members by commanded. That this set of resolutions is pur-
Mr. E. T. Lamb, division superintendent of the posed to be used in more than one state is entirely
Southern Railway, with a request that our division apparent from its construction, and that the rail-
indorse the same. But we are not doing it with a road companies of the country have been very
rush. I am directed by my division to send the busy moving upon their employes since the ad-
same to you to find out more particulars in refer- joumment of last session need scarcely be stated,
ence to the same. That railway emplojres of the country should be

"Will you kindly let us have this information at concerned for the adoption of a statute which

your earliest convenience, as would like to have it would afford them some protection against ex-

by our next meeting, Sunday, the 18th. cessivc hours of labor being required of them seems

Yours fraternally, . to he reasonable and natural, and that without any

"I think. Mr. President, that I will read into solicitation upon my part, and so far as I know
the Record the inclosed copy of resolutions which without solicitation upon the part of anyone, I
accompanied this letter, and which were received was able to present to the Senate, at the last
by Mr. Fuller, who placed the letter and the reso- session, scores and scores of petitions, representing
lutions in my hands: the great organizations of railway employes of this

"Whereas the nature of the railway business im- country, emanating from forty-three of the states
poses conditions little understood by the general of this Union, is quite conclusive to my mind, fir,
public, among them the fluctuations in train move- that, left to themselves, the railway employes of
ment from week to week, month to month, and this country would, excepting for such rare excep-
season to season, which create corresponding va- ttons among their number, represented by those
fiationf in the quality of train fervice required whp ar^ somewhat re^lesf with resMc( to the peril

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 168

wliicb they incur themselves in running beyond a "Another, resulting in collision: 'Engineman

reasonable limit of hours and who are over eager mistaking signals.* This poor fellow had twenty-

to increase their earnings — excepting as to these, seven hours on duty, after nineteen hours of rest.

I believe that the great body, the overwhelming It would have been strange, Mr. President, if he

majority of the railway employes of the country had been capable of understanding signals with

are at heart for this legislation. One need but twenty-seven hours of continuous service,

examine the record of accidents, reported to the In. "Another, resulting in collision: 'Engineman

terstate Commerce Commission by the railway com- going to sleep; fifteen hours on duty, with five

panics of the country under the act adopted in hours of rest immediately preceding the call for

1901, to find ample cause for the railway employes that service.'

of this country to favor the legislaUon proposed .j ^.^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^j,^^^

m the pending bill. ^^^^ ^,^^,y ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^

"I have here a record of those cases reported by niiltcd, which resulted in collision in which there

the railway companies of the country under the act was loss of life and injury to persons: 'Train

of 1901 to the IntersUte Commerce Commission, orders overlooked.* Twenty-two hours on servics.

The accidenu set forth in this record are limited with three hours of rest immediately preceding the

to those in which the reports disclose that the hours call to duty on the part of the men engaged in run-

of service of the railway employes engaged in or ning the train.

having to do with the movement of the trains ex- ..Another, where the eause is .tated as follows:

tMded over a period of more than fifteen hour.. .E„gi„,™,„ falling aaleep.' Twenty hour, on .er-

Thi. Ubie, aa I have «iid. covera atl caaea of acci- ..j^^ following twenty-one hour* of rest,

dent m which the railroada reported more than ..A„oAer, where the cauae of the trouble :a

fifteen hour, of cont.ouou. .erv.ce from July 1. .^^j „ ,„„„^,. .^^^^ ,„„^^ ^ ,.jj ^„.

1901, to and mduding the month of September, ^„^ .leeping, fell from the engine.' Twentyfive

hours on duty. Had twenty- four hours of rest pre-

"In one of the first or earlier cases reported in ceding that call to duty,
this Ublc I find this entry: 'Collision. Engineman "Another, where the conductor went back upon
asleep; hours on duty. 17; hours of rest preceding the track to flag, sat down upon the end of a tic.
the service*— which was interrupted by this acci- went to sleep, and was struck; twenty hours on
dent— *hours of rest, 2.* That is, this engineer service, following nine hours of rest,
who fell asleep upon his engine had been seventeen "Another, where the cause of the trouble is
hours on duty, and had gone on duty— had been asleep on track; struck by a passing train.' Six-
called by the company to go out upon his engine— teen hours on duty; no hours of rest preceding this
after having had only two hours to rest following call to duty reported,
the preceding service. "Another: 'Brakeman sent out to protect train;

"Another: 'Collision. Train not under control* sat down on end of tie, and went to sleep; struck.*

is stated as the cause of this collision. 'The hours Seventeen hours on duty; no hours of rest reported,

on duty, 42.* No statement accompanies this report "Another: 'Brakeman out flagging; went to

by the company showing that there had been any sleep sitting on end of tie; hand lamp hidden from

rest accorded to those in charge of that train imme- view; struck by relief train.* Sixteen hours on

diatcly preceding their call to go upon this duty. duty; no hours of rest reported.

••Another: 'CollUion. The engineman dozing; "Another, resulting in collision, cause sUted:

17 hours on duty.* and with only six hours' rest 'Enarineman using poor judgment by stopping on a

immediately preceding his call to this service. *^'^*'' Forty-three hours on duty; no rest re-

... ^. ,^. . ,. ..... , . ported previous to this call to service. It is not

* Another, resulting m he kilhng of one man. the ,^ ^ ^^^,^j ^^^ ^^ p^^^.^^„^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^

cai«e being stated as follows: Signalman went ^^^^^j^^^ ^^^^ .^ ,^^^ ^ ^^^

back to flag; fell asleep; 20 hours on service.* No. ^^^ ^^^^ „ .^^ judgment.*

prevums hours of rest reported. "Following is another, resulting in collision.

"Another, resulting m collision: 'Engineman ^.^ere the cause stated by the company is as fol-

asleep; twenty hours on service.* He had had ,ows: 'Engineman asleep and running by board.'

twenty hours of rest Immediately preceding his j take that to mean some signal that should have

service; but it needs no sUtement of mine, sir, »o arrested him; but he had been twenty hours on

remind anybody seriously considering this subject d^ty, as shown by this statement

that no man is physically capable of rendering any "Another, resulting in collision, stated as fol-

service to which responsibility is attached when he ,ows: 'Engineman failing to have engine under

has been twenty hours in continuous service, I care control approaching protected water sUtiOn.* But

not how long a rest he had precedmg that service, j,^ ^ad been nineteen hours on duty. Another, re-

"Another case, resulting in collision; cause re- tulting in collision: 'Engineman of one train
ported by the railway company: 'Flagman neg- asleep;* eighteen hours on duty; three hours of
lected to flag; hours on duty, nineteen.* It is not rest immediately preceding that call to duty. 'Con-
very strange, Mr. President, that he neglected to ductor and flagman of approaching train also
flag. asleep;* thirteen hours of duty, preceded by only

"Another, resulting in eollision: 'Engineman seven hours of rest,

dozing; twenty hours on service.* Twenty hours "Another, resulting in collision, where the

on duty, following twenty-four hours of rest cause is sUted by the railway conMOnyas follDws;

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164 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

'Responsibnity rests with engineman and con- ''Another, resulting in collision: Train not
ductor for running train at high speed in block properly protected; conductor, brakeman, and en-
entered under caution signal.' Thirty-four hours gineman at fault/ Twenty-two hours on duty,
on duty; fourteen hours of rest preceding this call Seventeen hours of rest preceding,
to service. "Another, resulting in collision; cause stated by

"Aripther, resulting in collision: 'Failure of en- the railroad company: 'Engineman asleep; had

gineman to obey order' is stated by the railway made two straight double runs previous to this

company as the cause; but this man had been on account of shortage of men; record good.'

twenty-four hours on duty with no rest reported Forty-eight hours on duty. Only six hours of

preceding this call to service. rest.

"Another, resulting in collision; cause, as stated "Another, collision; cause stated by the oom-

by company: 'Train not under control; engineman pany: 'Engineman dropping to sleep after he had

and brakeman responsible.* Nineteen hours on been flagged; was on his fourth trip and had had

duty, with only eight hours of rest preceding. but two hours* rest at end of each; was not re-

"Another, collision, the cause sUted by the com- <iw»r«d *« ^^^<^ «> «n*ny continuous trips, but de-

pany as follows: ^Failure of engineman to comply »»«-«<i to earn the addiUonal wages.* Forty-five

with rules requiring all extra trains to approach hours of service.

side tracks under control.' Nineteen hours on "I call the attention of the Senate to another

duty; only ten hours of rest immediately preceding, case resulting in collision. The cause as stated

"Another: 'Brakeman struck by bridge and ^V **>« company is as follows: 'Freight train

knocked off tender of engine; mstontly ^killed.' standing on track without protection; flagman in

Twenty-one hours on duty. caboose asleep; conductor and flagman responsi-

"Another: 'Brakeman sent out to flag train sat We.' Twenty-two hours on duty, with twelve

down on end of tie and fell asleep.' Twenty- »»o"" o^ rest precedmg.

three hours on duty; no rest reported. "Another, collision; the cause assigned by the

"Another: 'Failure of engineman to stop train company: 'Conductor and engineman of extra

in time to avoid rear collision.' Twentythrce freight train disregarded orders.' They had. how-

hours on duty. ever, been on duty for twenty-one hours. Pre-

"Anothcr: 'Failure to protect rear end of «<>»"« th" c»» *« ^^^ they had a full period cf

train by flag; conductor and engineman respon- rest. This only emphasizes the fact that what-

sible.' Thirty hours on duty; only eight hours of «ver rest may be given these men prior to their

rest preceding thU call to service. <^*" ^^ **"*y the term of the hours of continuous

"Another, resulUng in collision; cause stated »«»^«« should be limited if they are to be pro-
by the company: 'Engineman running train t«<^tf<* ^^ »f the public is to be accorded any pro-
through yard not under control.' But he had been tection.
twenty hours on duty. "Another case reported is as follows: The cause

"Another: 'Failure of conductor to protect of this injury was 'watchman sitting on ends of

his train.' Twelve hours on duty. The conductor ties asleep; struck by train.' Twenty-one hours

of the other train, as stated by the company, on duty without any previous report of hours of

'failed to have engineman reduce speed.' rest.

Twcnty-two hours on duty. "Another case, where the cause stated by the

"Another: 'Engineman going to sleep on duty company is this: 'Freight brakeman sent back to

and allowing train to approach a wreck at high fUg. sat down on rail and is supposed to have

speed.' He had been fifteen hours on duty with- gone to sleep; struck and killed.' Nineteen hours

out any previous rest since his last preceding call, on duty,

so far as reported by the company. "Another, collision: 'Failure of brakeman to

"Another: 'Engineman asleep; did not stop have his train move into track carefully, so as to

train in time.' Twenty-two-hours on duty. be prepared to stop promptly.' Twenty hours of

"Another, collision: 'Both engineman and he^d service; twenty hours on duty, with only three

brakeman asleep when passing switch.' Nineteen hours of rest immediately preceding this call to

hours on duty. service.

"Another, resulting in collision: 'Engineman "Another case: 'Failure of crew to flag and, of

on rear extra did not have train under control engineman to keep lookout.' Twenty-one hours of

approaching end of double track.' Twenty-fo\ir service,

hours on duty. "Another, collision: 'Extra train passed red

"Another, resulting in collision: 'Engineman Hall signal; flagman asleep in caboose.' Twenty-

did not have his train under control approaching one hours on duty,

derail.' Twenty hours on duty. "Another case reported: 'Yard trainman lying

"Another, resulting in collision: 'Engineman on main track asleep; struck and run over by

falling asleep.' Nineteen hours on duty, only passenger train.' Twenty-two hours of duty; only

five hours of rest immedUtely preceding. five hours of rest immediately preceding this caU

"Another, resulting in collision: 'Engineman to duty,

fell asleep approaching tunnel.' Twenty hours on "Another, collision: 'Rear-end collision on

duty. No rest immediately preceding his call to account of engineman not keeping his train under

duty is reported by the company. proper control; did not handle air t^ake properly.*.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

155

But he bad been nineteen hours on service without
any rest preceding this call to service.

**Another» where the switch tender is reported
as 'failing to close the switch.* He had been
eighteen hours on duty without any rest reported
prior to this call to duty.

** Another, where the cause of the collision is
sUted as follows: 'Work extra on the time of ex-
tra train, which was running on schedule; con-
ductor and engineman responsible.' Twenty
hours on duty; only six hours of rest preceding
that call to duty.

"Another, resulting in ii^ury: Tireman on
freight train dropped off to sleep and fell, strik-
ing his head on deck of engine cab.' Twenty-two
hours on duty; no rest reported.

"Another: 'Brakeman sent out to flag dis-
covered sitting on end of tie; struck and knocked
off before train could be stopped.' Nineteen hours
on duty; no rest reported.

"Another, where the case is stated as follows:
'Freight brakeman sent back to flag fell asleep
while sitting on rail; struck and killed by engine;
fog prevailing.' Twenty hours of service, with
only seven hours of rest preceding. Possibly if
the fog had not been prevailing the engineer who
struck him might have seen him and stopped his
engine, unless he, too, had been on service for
the same length of time or longer."

After two sessions of debate, in which
several of the Senators endeavored to show
that the employes of the country were
against any measure of the kind, it was
passed and reads as follows:

Be it enacted, etc.. That it shall be unlawful
for any common carrier by railroad in any terri-
tory of the United Sutes or the District of Co-
lumbia, or any of its officers or agents, or any
common carrier engaged in interstate or foreign
commerce by railroad, or any of its officers or
agents, to require or permit any employe en-
gaged in or connected with the movement of any
train carrying interstate or foreign freight or pas-
sengers to remain on duty more than sixteen
consecutive hours, except when by casualty oc- ^
curring after such employe has started on his
trip, or by unknown casualty occurring before he
started on his trip, and except when by accident
or unexpected delay of trains scheduled to make
connection with the train on which such employe
is serving, he is prevented from reaching his
terminal; or to require or permit any such em-
ploye who has been on duty sixteen consecutive
hours to go on duty without having had at least
ten hours off duty; or to require or permit any
such employe who has been on duty sixteen
hours in the aggregate in any twenty-four hour
period to continue on duty or to go on duly
without having had at least eight hours off duty
within such twenty-four hour period.

Sec 8. That any such common carrier or any
of its officers or agents violating any of the pro-
visions of this act is hereby declared to be guilty

of a misdeameanor, and upon conviction thereof
shall be punished by a fine of not less than $100
nor more than $1,000; and it shall also be the
duty of the Interstate Commerce Commission to
fully investigate all cases of the violation of tiiis
act and to lodge with the proper district attor-
neys information of such violations as may come
to its knowledge.

That to enable the Commission to execute and
enforce the provisions of this act it shall have
the power to employ such inspectors or other per-
sons as may be necessary. To enforce the pro-
visions of this act, the Commission and its agents
or employes thereunto duly authorized by order
of said Commission shall have the power to ad-
minister oaths, interrogate witnesses, take testi-
mony, and require the production of books and
papers. The Commission may also order deposi-
tions taken before any officer in any state or terri-
tory of the United States or the District of Co-
lumbia qualified by law to take the same.

The provisions of this act shall not apply to
relief or wreck trains.

The bill will now go to the House for
further legislation and it is a question as
to just what will become of it. The popular
branch can do as it likes with the measure
for the reason that its members have ample
defense for doing anything they please with
it. The protests of employes that were
made according to direction of railway com-
panies will be used to offset what has been
said by those who have not weakened and
given in to the demands of the companies
as did the employes who complied and said
they wanted to work long enough to be-
come dangerous, and then some.

The arguments the railroads have put up
are by no means true and if the law be-
comes operative the result will be reduction
of tonnage so that runs can be made within
the legal time. There need be little fear
that trains and engines will be resting along
side tracks, or on main tracks, waiting for
ten hours to elapse before they proceed.

There are many railway managers who
will welcome a change that will lift the bur-
den of tonnage so that trains can get over
the road and have the equipment ready for
further service. The Journal advises its
readers not to become alarmed at the dread-
ful consequences of forcing railroad com-
panies to operate safely. They can do it,
but they will fight this as they fought the
safety appliance law, the liability law and
every other law that purposes to protect
the employe.

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156

kAtLROAD TkAtNMEN'S JOVRUAL

Now Is The Time,

The Journal asks each reader who is a
member of the Brotherhood to take advan-
tage of the present to impress it upon the
minds of all of his co-workers who are not
with us the importance of getting into the
organization.

Every man knows that the recent wage
increases were not given voluntarily. It is
true that after the committees of the men
had presented their requests for increases
that some of the companies bulletined no-
tices of a general increase, but bear in mind
that no increase was given until the men
had started to work for it. We do not dis-
parage the efforts of the employers to vol-
untarily increase wages, but merely call
attention to the fact that no voluntary
raises were mentioned until the committees
met.

The yard wage question has been pretty
well settled and we hope by the time this
issue gets to our readers that the schedules
for train service will all have substantial
increases added to them.

There is no man in the service who can
say that the Brotherhood did not get him
what he receives from the pay car. If he
attempts to argue to the contrary and insists
that the increased rates of pay did not come
through the work of the organization, why
let him alone, for he is an industrial hobo^

begging the wage hand out from the back
door of the Brotherhood and we do not
need him.

But there are hundreds of good men who
have never been asked to join with us. Our
members have been too careless in allowing
the men to get away from them through in-
difference. While everything is going along
well, and there is plenty of work, careless-
ness is not so noticeable, but when the time
comes for a let up in the rush it will take
every man in the service to maintain what
has been gained.

The younger members in the service do
not know that before the Brotherhood was
organized the men worked as long as the
companies wanted them to work, that there
was no overtime allowed, no redress of
grievances and nothing to the railway man's
life but plenty of hard work and harder
knocks. The man who made $2.00 a day
was the fortunate one, for there were plenty
of train and yardmen who received much
less than that and not one of them had
less than 12 hours for the regular day.

It ought to be evident to every man that
the organization has brought about this
latest change even if he disputed all the
others, and if he has any sense he ought to
be persuaded to get where he belongs. Now
you ask him to get into the Brotherhood.

Strike — ^Toledo Railway & Terminal Company

The employes of the Toledo Railway &
Terminal Company left the service at 7 a.
m., January 11th, because the company
would not accede to the demands of the
men for increased wages, and a shorter
work day.

The story of the strike in brief is as fol-
lows : On November 20th, a committee rep-
resenting the Brotherhood called on the
officers of the company and presented a re-
quest for the Chicago scale, with ten hours

as a day's work. On December 20th, the
officers of the company advised the men
that the request would not be granted. The
company was notified that if the increased
wages and shorter hours were not conced-
ed, the men would leave the service of the
company.

Under the direction of Vice Grand Mas-
ter Fitzpatrick, the proposition was laid be-
fore the men for a vote, and they unanim-
ously decided to leave the /serxicg^ JUHii^s
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

161

their requests were acceded to, or satisfac-
tory settlement made. All efforts having
failed, the men were advised to go out on
Friday, January 11th, and they left the ser-
vice to a man. From the time of the
strike until settlement was made, Saturday
evening, January 12th, not a wheel was
turned on the Terminal. Settlement was
made with the General Manager for the
10-hour day and a general increase of 3
cents per hour, effective January 12th, 1907.
The difference between the amount con-
ceded, and the local rate will become effect-
ive in March.

All of the men returned to the service
wifh full rights, and each crew went out
in its regular turn. The men were very well

satisfied with the result of their settlement,
and while they regret very much that it was
necessary to leave the service of the com-
pany, there was nothing else to be done.
The Toledo Railway & Terminal Company
endeavored to stand the men off, with the
statement that it had no money and could
not afford to pay the increases, but the
men knew the road was doing a fair busi-
ness, and felt if it did not have the money,
it was certainly not the fault of the em-
ployes.

The strike was orderly and well con-
ducted, and when the men returned to
work, there was apparently no ill feeling be-
tween them and their employers.

Galveston, Texas.

The January number of the Journal
made mention of the trouble at Galveston,
Texas, between the members of the Broth-
erhood and the Switchmen's Union.

Some of the members of the Brother-
hood, too desirous of making a contract
with the Galveston Wharf Co., did so con-
trary to the advice of the Grand Master
and the rules of the organization. As soon
as this; settlement was made known, the
Grand Master ordered its cancellation im-
mediately.

When this contract was made, the mem-
l^rs of the Switchmen's Union refused to
work under it, and struck. They appealed
to the Trades Coimcil of Galveston in
general, but particularly to the members
of the Longshoremen's and Screwmen's
Unions. A few of the excitable members
of these organizations sympathized with the
Switchmen to the extent of threatening to
strike unless the B. of R. T. was forced
not only from the Wharf properties, but all
of the yards in the city of Galveston.

The Journal has just received a report
of the yard situation at Galveston, and it,
in substance, follows, herewith: A con-
tract was regularly made by the G. H. & H.,
and the B. of R. T. A committee of the

Switchmen's Union called on the officials,
and advised them that they would not work
under the Brotherhood contract The com-
mittee was advised that the contract with
the Brotherhood was perfectly satisfactory
to the company, but that the Switchmen's
protest would be referred to Mr. Hill, the
General Manager. The Switchmen claimed
a majority of the men were members of
the Switchmen's Union. The roster showed
that but four members working there were
members of the Union. The committee
claimed that this was incorrect, but was
confronted with the affidavits of the men
to the effect that but four of them claimed
membership in the Switchmen's Union.
The committee was told that the contract
would not be taken away from the Train-
men. The chairman of the committee asked
the management if the men would be per-
mitted to remain at work, and was told
they would as long as they performed their
duties as employes.

On November 28th, the members of the
Switchmen's Union, together with a num-
ber of "Scary Williams" who broke a con-
tract to try to make another for a rival or-
ganization, left the service of the company.
The Brotherhood protected its £ontract, aa d
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158

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

as soon as possible supplied men to take
the places of those who had quit, rather
than work under the Brotherhood contract.
The Switchmen's Union adopted "strong
arm" tactics, and assaulted our men when-
ever they could find one of them alone.
This was stopped by the city authorities
after it had become unbearable.

Grand Master Hawlcy, of the Switch-
men's Union, and a herd of followers, at-
tempted to influence the people of Galves-
ton against the Brotherhood. They ap-
pealed to persons on the streets, and told
them that the organization was unfair. For
a time they made quite an impression, but
it appears they made the mistake of ab-
sorbing so much enthusiasm that the weak-
ness of their representations became ap-
parent and brought them into ill favor
with the fair-minded people of the city.
They associated with the irresponsible em*
ployes among the dock workers, and sue-,
ceeded in having some of the ill advised
members of their organizations threaten to
go out on strike unless the members of the
Brotherhood were taken from yard service,
and members of the Switchmen's Union
placed in all of the yards in the city. This
was right in line with what the Switchmen's
Union hoped would come to it because it
joined the A. F. of L.

This crowd * was so insistent that the
representatives of the Trainmen were un-
seated in the Trades Council. The threat
to strike in sympathy was referred to the
national officials of the Screwmen's and
Longshoremen's Associations, who very
promptly took up the question, with the re-
sult that those organizations notified the
Switchmen's Union that they did not be-
lieve in sympathetic strikes, and, conse-
quently, would not for a moment entertain
any such idea. This knocked the bottom
out of all the hopes the Switchmen's Union
had entertained in regard to a settlement of
the trouble on their own terms, and through
threat of a general strike on the Wharves.
The Switchmen's Union came to the con-
clusion, apparently, that the Resolutions
placing the B. of R. T. on the unfair list,
did not amount to very much, and quit.

The Switchmen's Union notified the G. C.

& S. F. and the S. P. Companies that unless
the yard contracts were turned over to the
Switchmen's Union, the men would leave
the service rather than work under a B.
of R. T. agreement They were very
promptly told they could' quit if they
wanted to; that the B. of R. T, contract
would not be canceled. On December 10th,
the Switchmen decided to quit, and did so.
Then, on the advice of Grand Master Haw-
ley, they called on the yardmaster, ad-
mitted they had made a mistake, and asked
to be reinstated. This request was not
granted. The remainder of the Switchmen's
Union in the Santa Fe yard, three in all,
then left the service. It was at this time
that the Switchmen's Union endeavored to
pull out the Longshoremen's and Screw-
men's Unions on a sympathetic strike, and
was advised that nothing of the kind would
be considered. This ended the question so
far as the Switchmen's Union control of
the yards at Galveston was concerned.

All of the yards, except those of the
Wharf Company, are solid Brotherhood
yards. The Firemen on the Southern Pa-
cific went out on strike in January, and
the Southern Pacific management, having
no need for yard men at Galveston, for the
time, dismissed all of its employes, and as
the service was resumed, re-employed such
men as it needed. The Brotherhood held
the contract for this yard, but it did not
provide for the employment of Brotherhood
men only. In the dismissal of the men, the
Brotherhood members suffered equally
with all of the other employes. In the re-
organization, the B. of R. T. made no espe-
cial effort aside from seniority rights, to
have Its men employed in preference to
those who were not members of the Switch-
men's Union, or non-members.

It is expected that the Switchmen's Union
will claim a terrible conspiracy to do away
with the members of their organization in
the Southern Pacific yard. It ought to be
apparent to every reader of the Journal
that if anything of the kind had been con-
templated, a general dismissal of the men
would not have been necessary. If the
Brotherhood had agreed to be a party to a
conspiracy to throw the mmbers pf^the
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159

Switchmen's Union out of employment,
there would have been no need to discharge
all the men. We expect a statement will
be made to the effect that the B. of R. T.
did conspire, but there is nothing to it.

The Galveston trouble, aside from the
Wharves, was brought on by the Switch-
men's Union in its endeavor to force the
members of the Brotherhood out of yard
service in that city. Galveston was selected,
apparently, because the affair on the
Wharves had created considerable senti-
ment against the Brotherhood, and it was
expected that pressure would be brought
to bear, even to the extent of a sympathetic
strike, to force the members of the B. of R.
T. out of yard service, and to turn the
yards over to the Switchmen. It failed,
as it deserved to fail.

The trouble at Galveston was exactly as
it has been everywhere else. It was not
a light against the employer but an attack
against the Brotherhood by the Switch-
men's Union. It was another organization
fight and it ended as those affairs usually do.

The Switchmen's Union tried out its
new weapon, its chief stock in trade, so to
speak, namely, its affiliation with the Amer-
ican Federation of Labor. When its pur-
poses became apparent it was turned down
as it deserved to be turned down. It drifted
into a poor camp seeking a sympathetic
strike, for the Longshoremen's Union was
the first organization in this country to
stand for the contract and to fill the places
of strikers who violated a contract, with
members of its own organization.

There is little concern in the affiliated or-
ganizations of the American Federation so
far as the sympathetic strike is concerned,
and the Switchmen's Union has had to real-
ize that its hopes of a general strike,
through sympathy, are ended. The Switch-
men's Union cannot engage in a sympa-
thetic strike without violating its laws; it
dare not ask for a wage adjustment ard
declare that the men reserve the right to
quit without cause of their own, and yet it
is brazen enough to ask other organizations
to break laws, contracts and mutual rela-
tions to help it out of troubles that were
the result of its lack of ordinary judgment.

The entire contention of the Switchmen's
Union in this Galveston affair is wrapped
up in the statement: "If the Trainmen had
let the matter alone and gone out with the
Switchmen's Union, the latter would have
won." The B. of R. T. stood by its bargain
with the companies and is, therefore, un-
fair, because it did not let the Switch-
men's Union break up the B. of R. T.

In this connection, the Journal desires to
say that it is the policy of the Switchmen's
Union whenever it has sufficient strength
to carry out its program, to prevent mem-
bers of the Brotherhood from working in
yards, even to the extent of using "strong
arm" tactics. The members of the B. of R.
T. do not propose to engage in personal en-
counters for the sake of working in these
yards, and the Switchmen have had their
own way, but it is not to be expected that
a program of this kind will be allowed to
continue for an indefinite period.

Convention Suggestions.

It is tune now for our readers to become
interested in what will come before the At-
lanta, Georgia, convention, which will con-
vene in May, 1907. The questions that have
been mentioned, and that may be men-
tioned, are certain to come before the body
and close study before the time arrives for
decision ought to be of benefit.

REPRESENTATION.

Se^ral writers have undertaken to in-

troduce plans for representation that were
prettjr thoroughly discussed several years
ago. System, district or state representa-
tion plans have been introduced for the
purpose of saving money to the members
and cutting down the general convention in
number. Proxy voting is represented to
be the way out of our present plan.

The writer has made a rather close study
of tlic several plans '^^ ,^se<<2\^gte

160

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

periences of the days when we had proxy
representation and its unsatisfactory re-
stilt$, he does not hesitate to assert that
such plans will not give satisfaction to the
membership.

Plans for system, district or state repre-
sentation cannot give the satisfaction to
the membership that direct representation
will give. In addition the reduction in cost
is problematical. There is no assurance
that time can be saved if these district,
etc., bodies meet, go through the form of a
regular convention, debate all the questions
that they think ought to come before a con-
vention, including changes in laws, etc, and
then hold a general convention. The time
used by each district would be very close
to the time used by a general convention.
It would also sectionalize, isolate and other-
wise offer opportunities for a division of
thought and action, concert in which is ab-
solutely necessary for this organization.

One writer has shown how the state con-
vention would save money by not printing
reports, etc. Whenever an organization
does not keep its members thoroughly in-
formed of what it is doing its troubles
commence right there. The saving made
through this plan would not pay for the
time it would take to discuss it

We tried annual conventions and found
they were unnecessary after we commenced
to do business safely. We have been on
a biennial plan for the past 15 years and
truth to tell the past two conventions were
hardly necessary and the time could have
been extended one year between them with-
out serious results to the Brotherhood.

So far as we now can understand there
is nothing on hand that makes the holding
of the coming convention imperative, ex-
cept the organization law, at the time it
will be held.

Whatever plan may be adopted, if a
change is made, let it be with the purpose
of having every lodge represented m the
convention, let each one know for itself
what the Brotherhood law and policy are to
be for the coming period and do not at-
tempt to save money by any false reason-
ing that promises to save the general or-
ganization, but forces the members to pay
just as much.

Let us have direct representation with
direct taxation as we now have it Our
conventions will be large, we know, but
they had better be too large numerically
than too small.

PERIOD BETWEEN CONVENTIONS.

There are many members who feel that
it is no longer necessary for this organiza-
tion to spend $80,000.00 every two years
on a general convention. To judge from
the results of the recent ones they are cor-
rect

The only objection to an extension of
one year more between convention periods
is that disputed claims would have to wait
for a longer time to be acted upon by the
general body which sits as a final board of
appeal on rejected claims.

We believe it will be possible for the
creation of a board to act on such claims
between conventions. Such a board could
be arranged to sit annually at any point se-
lected and could be the court of final re-
sort before bringing legal action against
the Brotherhood.

We have a committee that meets before
conventions but it is not empowered with
final decision. It goes over all rejected
claims and reports to the convention, which
has final decision. The fact that almost
800 men sit in judgment on claims about
which they have not heard, and in the ma-
jority of instances are unable to fairly
judge, ought to appeal to our membership
as unbusiness-like.

A certain number of our members stand
for the five year period between conven-
tions. This is out of the question, because
the fraternal insurance law demands that
we meet once every four years.

So, whatever discussion is to be brought
forth must bear this fact in mind.

FINANCE.

There are well intentioned members who
have offered plans for spending more mon-
ey than the Brotherhood receives. That is,
they have introduced an idea for the extra
payment of certain sums, the amount to be
used for certain purposes. The estimates
all fall far short and would cause a deficit
within six months of the operation of the

plan.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

161

It has been suggested that we pay dues
for twelve months instead of eight months
to the Grand Lodge. The difference of
$1.00 thus paid is to be used for the pay-
ment of a death benefit of $150.00 to every
member regardless of what amount he car-
ries in insurance and whether he has re-
ceived his policy or not A low estimate of
the demands on this fund would be at the
rate of 1,000 deaths a year, costing $150,-
000.00. With our present average mem-
bership we would have collected for 1906
about $84,000.00. This surely is not a safe
way to figure.

And, so it is with other plans for using
funds that in the beginning are admittedly
inadequate to meet the demands of the
plan for which they are presented.

INSURANCE.

Not much has been offered along insur-
ance lines and unless there is a disposition
to increase the rate, safety demands that
nothing be done to increase the demands
made on the Beneficiary Fund. We might
as well be plain in presenting this question.
1906 shows a balance of $14,000.00 to the
credit of the fund for the year. A dozen
more claims and it would have shown a
deficit.

With our present surplus there would be
no need for immediate alarm if the balance
had shown to some extent on the wrong
side. But it could not last that way very
long; there would not be much encourage-
ment for a man to accept insurance that
was confessedly going to the bad and that
would necessarily get worse every year.
This would not be good business judg-
ment.

To attempt to transfer from one fund to
another to make good certain losses is sim-
ply covering up something that is not fair
business. Our General Fund cannot be too
large. It is the only fund of the Brother-
hood that can be used for any purpose
needed. It is in good shape but when the
expenses of the Atlanta convention, its per
diem and mileage, are deducted therefrom
(make a motion right now and be in first),
it will be less by some $80,000.00. If we
happen into a little bunch of trouble some-

where there will be more of it needed and
so it ought to be apparent that this fund
should be allowed to gather strength in-
stead of planning to weaken it

If nothing is done to increase the rate,
and it is pretty certain there will be no in-
crease at this time, the insurance laws
ought to be let alone so far as the amounts
are concerned.

SERVICE PRIOR TO ADMISSION.

The term of apprenticeship is one ylsar
and a man must work for that period be-
fore he can get into the Brotherhood. The
writer believes this is a mistake on the part
of our organization. The only defense ever
offered for it was none too good and con-
sisted in the assertion that a traveling card
was the guarantee of a good workman. We
all know how much there is in that argu-
ment

The man is good enough for his em-
ployer the day he goes to work and he,'
therefore, ought to be good enough for us.
We do not mean to be too easy but we
do feel that a trial period of three months
is amply sufficient to test the moral worth
of every man. If he seeks new employ-
ment his card tells his length of service so
there is no deception as to that.

With us the man works in yard or on a
train for a full year. In the meantime he
realizes that he is receiving the same
wages, enjoys the same conditions and does
not pay for them. His employer usually
has it carried to him that voluntary insur-
ance, accident insurance or no insurance is
better than to get tangled up with a labor
organization that may hinder his promotion,
etc. All these things count against his
seeking admission when his first year is up.

The Firemen have recognized a part of
this truth and have reduced their prelimin-
ary service to nine months. Other organ-
izations sometimes stretch their imagina-
tions so far as time goes and count off
several months when seeking applicants.

It seems that prudence and progressive-
ness ought to demand a change in our law
whereby a man can be accepted after he
has served three, or at the most, six months
as train or yard man.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The Employers Liability Bill Unconstitutional

This measure has "received it" just where
we knew it would, that is, there was the
jurist to be found to sit up and advise us
that it was far beyond the power of Con-
gress to enact a law that would protect the
employe against the right of his employer
to maim and kill him without being called
to account for it.

Judge Evans is the party who turned the
trick. He was well calculated to do it for
he has just decided that the law declaring
y\t illegal for an employer to discharge an
employe because he was a member of a
labor organization" is unconstitutional. The
Louisville & Nashville went after the latter
decision and the Southern Pacific has the
credit for getting the Employers* Liability
Law sent to the Supreme Court for final
judgment.

We are not surprised, not even pained,
for the regularity of court presumption that
declares in so many words that "Congfress
is a muddle headed affair, not to be trusted
with laws" is so common that we take it
as part of the program. We do not like it,
but as long as we stand for this mussed and
mixed up conflict of law makers and law
interpreters we must be good and abide
by it.

The Telegraphers had the first judicial
"lemon" handed to them by Judge Evans
when they brought the law to bear in de-
fense of their discharged members on the
L. & N. A fireman's widow, of the name
Brooks, whose husband had worked for
the Southern Pacific in Nevada, but whose
home, through some stretch of geography,
appears to have been in Kansas, brought
suit to recover for the death of her husband,
under the Employers* Liability Law. The
suit was tried in Kentucky and the decision
was, as everybody expected, against the
constitutionality of the law. The Govern-
ment had a representative at the hearing,
of whom Judge Evans said in his decision ;
'The Attorney-General of the United States,
conceiving, we suppose, that the United
States had some mterest in the case, sent

one of his special assistants to intervene on
behalf of the Government." Then he de-
cided the law was unconstitutional, and
demonstrated that the Government's inter-
est could not aflfect the opinion of a United
States District Judge.

While it may appear out of the ordinary
to say that we are not surprised at
the decision, we reiterate and again say, we
are not surprised.

The case will go to the Supreme Court of
the United States and we will then know
where we are at on this law. As the mat-
ter stands the railway companies have a
right to wound, batter or kill their em-
ployes in any way that suits them best and
the employe has no redress outside of what
little he may get through state legislation
or through the Safety Appliance Act.

The judge quoted the law which reads as
follows :

'*Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of Anterica
in Congress assembted. That evtry common carrier
engaged in trade or commerce in the District of
Coltmibia, or in any Territory of the United
States, or between the several states, or between
any Territory and another, or between any Ter-
ritory or Territories and any state or states, or
the District of Columbia, or with foreign nations,
or between the District of Columbia and any state
or states or foreign nations, shall be liable to any
of its employes, or in the case of his death, to
his personal representative for the benefit of his
widow and children, if any, if none, then for his
parents, if none, then for his next of kin depend-
ent upon him, for all damages which may result
from the negligence of any of its officers, agents,
or employes, or by reason of any defect or in-
sufficiency due to its negligence in its cars, en-
gines, appliances, machinery, track, roadbed, ways,
or works.

"Section 2. Ihat in all actions hereafter
brought against any common carriers to recover
damages for personal injuries to an employe, or
where such injuries have resulted in his death,
the fact that the employe may have been guilty
of contributory negligence shall not bar a recovery
where his contributory negligence was slight and
that of the employer was gross in comparison, but
the damages shall be diminished by the jury in
proportion to the amount of negligence attributable
to such empfoye.' All questions of negligence and
conlrl|>il^ryv oegJig^^e .»B*U' be for- the jury.

"Sec. 8. That no contract of employment* in-
surance, relief benefit, or indemnity for injury or

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 163

death entered into by or on behalf of any em- engaged in trade or commerce between the scv-
ploye, nor the acceptance of any such insurance, eral aUtes shall be liable to any of its employes,
relief benefit, or indemnity by the person entitled or, in the case of his death, to his personal repre-
tbereto, shall constitute any bar or defense to any sentative for the benefit of his widow, etc., for all
action brought to recover damages for personal in- damages which may result from the negligence of
juries to or death of such employe: Provided, any of its officers, agenta or employes, or by rea-
however. That upon the trial of such action son of any defect or insufficiency due to its negli-
against any common carrier the defendant may gence in respect to its cars, etc. This section ob-
set off therein any s\mi it has contributed toward viously abrogates the familiar doctrine of the
any such insurance, relief benefit, or indemnity courts, founded upon consideration of public
that may have been paid to the injured employe, policy, that an employe when entering the service
or, in case of his death, to his personal representa* of his employer is conclusively presumed to have
tivc. assumed the ordinary risks of the occupation, in-

"Sec. 4. That no action shall be maintained eluding those which may result from the negti-
under this Act« unless commenced within one gence of his fellow servants. The second section
year from the time the cause of action occurred. imposes in complicated form, the doctrine of com-
"Sec 5. That nothing in this Act shall be parative negligence, so as greatly to modify the
held to limit the duty of common carriers by rail- ordinary judicial rule that a person cannot re-
roads or impair the rights of their employes under cover if, by his own negligence, he so contributed
the safety-appliance Act of March second, eighteen to his own injury as that without it that injury
hundred and ninety-three, as amended April first, would not have occurred. Other sections further
eighteen hundred and ninety-six, and March sec- change existing laws in respects which have no
ond, nineteen hundred and three. present bearing on the discussion.

"Approved. June 11. 1006." If the act did no more than change the law as

His basis of his judgment was as follows: administered in the courts of the United States
"The Act of June 11th. 1900, only creates and and so as to control only cases pending therein,
imposes liability upon certain common carriers to the right to do so by appropriate legislation
their empIo>'es, and in no way prescribes rules might not be open to question, as mere judicial
for carrying on traffic or commerce among the rules founded on the common law or upon con-
states, and consequently in no way regulates such siderations of public policy, but having all the
commerce. If the operation of this act could in force of law, are no more MCTed than legislative
any way affect commerce among the states it enactments which may be Msttd or repelled at
would do so in a manner so remote, incidental the will of Congress; but Cht Scope of the act in
and contingent a in no proper sense to afford a question is immeasurably different, and Congress
fa^or of any value in determining the question obviously intended it to be so. If the act be
now in contention. Indeed, it may be said that it valid as a regulation of commerce, which is all
is obvious that Congress, in the act referred to, that was claimed for it at the argument, and
had in contemplation no more than the creation doubtless all that can fairly be claimed for it in any
of the liability mentioned and it would be a most event, it is the supreme law of the land of gen-
strained construction to hold that it included any- cral application, and as such is binding upon all
thing broader than that. Creating new liabilities courts — State and Federal — and fixes imperative
growring out of the relations of master and ser- rules by which all of them must hereafter be gov-
vant on the one hand, and regulating commerce emed.

on the other, are two things so entirely different « . . . t^ * v_ • i-»^ *^ n

^, ^ , . r *u s J' • 1 .J .t- . " • • • It may not be inappropriate to recall

that confusion of the judicial mind upon them is , . . j *f j _T * * ^ i*-

. ., ^ . * J J , .,., ». the trite, but transcendently important proposition

hardly to be expected under normal conditions." rr r., V. _j * /-^ jZ^ i^

„. ... . ^J/ ^^. - ^. • that while the power* given to Congress are to be

We publish these quotations from the de- j^.^,y .„^ ^„ ,i,^„„y construed, especUUy in

cision: respect to the commerce clause of the Constitu-
**To determine the question before us, it is im- tion, yet those powers have a limit beyond which
portant clearly to undersUnd the exact scope and Congress can not legitimately go. We should not
purport of the act. While the title is not con- grow restive under the restrictions and Ifmitations
trolling in the construction of an act of Congress, of that great instrument, for the stability of our
it may aid us in our investigation to note that the institutions largely depends upon their enforce-
title in this instance labels the act as one relating ment, and so great is our respect for the legisla-
to the liability of certain common carriers to their tive branch of the Government that we shall
employes. This label, so to speak, quite accurately always regard any overstepping of those bounds by
describes the contents of the measure, for it in that body to have been an inadvertence. This
fact does notLing more than fix the liability of the courU can and should correct when they come
certain common carriers to their employes. The to look more critically into the subject than Con-
first section provides that every common carrier gress had probably had the opportunity to do."

a-1

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Who Killed The Wage Settlement Bear ?

We Did.

This is the great question and there is
no more to it now than there was at the
time the Chicago settlement was made.

Chicago was the fighting center. The
Switchmen's Union made a general de-
mand for an eight hour day and "trim-
mings." We know it honestly never enter-
tained the eight hour idea for one minute.
We know that the Switchmen do not want
an eight hour day. Where the working day
was reduced, in some places, from 12 to 10
hours by Brotherhood committees, the
S. U., members protested against it and
demanded a continuance of the 12 hour day.
At Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and Cleveland,
Ohio, this opposition to the shorter work
day was decidedly pronounced.

In the beginning the S. U., threw out the
shorter work day which showed beyond
question that it was merely a noise to be
used for a purpose.

All other points affected were held in
abeyance until the Chicago district was
settled, for Chicago rates have been the
basis for settlement for all yards west, and
in part east, of that point. It has been
recognized that Chicago wages meant
standard wages.

The Chicago settlement, therefore, meant
its adoption, or better, in all yards inside
the territory. The Switchmen agreed to
an increase of 3 cents an hour, ten hours.
which was the regular day, and submission
to arbitration for whatever else could be
secured.

This meant a ten per cent increase and
with the genera] increases all over the
coimtry of 10 per cent, the result of arbi-
tration would have been no more than that
figure. The demand was based on increased
cost of living and the increased cost has
been no more to a switchman than to any
other railroad employe. Arbitration, there-
fore, was an easy way to quit when the
maximum wage concession had been
reached.

This agreement was accepted, subject to

ratification. It was ratified by the Chicago
lodges; other committeemen went to their
homes to secure it and Chicago committee-
men returned to work. The S. U. members
notified the B. R. T. members that "it was
all settled at 3 cents an hour" and handed
out ai^lications.

The Brotherhood notified the railway
managers that the question was not settled
and when it was adjusted a rate of 4 cents
an hour was the figure. This agreement
was reached by a committee of railway
managers and the Brotherhood Sub-Com-
mittee headed by Grand Master Morrissey.

This agreement was signed the same
afternoon that Vice Grand Master Connors,
of the S. U., was down in the yards in the
rain, gathering his committee together to
go up and sign for the 4 cent rate. They
signed with a committee of managers that
had met with them during the wage de-
bates of the month. There was no ratifi-
cation needed, please note, they took it.

The Switchmen's Union has sent out a
circular which contained a photograph of
the S. U. agreement. It was signed by five
managers and was intended to make believe
that the wage question was settled by and
for the Switchmen's Union.

Three of the five managers signing the
S. U. settlement operate roads where the
Brotherhood has the contracts for the road
and yards. All of the managers, but one,
Mr. Horn, of the Northern Pacific, who
signed the settlement with the B. R. T.,
operate roads that hold agreements with
the Brotherhood, or are working under
wage schedules arranged by Brotherhood
committees. The Chicago settlements ex-
tended to all yards in the Chicago territory,
except in such yards as were raised to a
higher class and paid higher rates in pro-
portion than the Chicago increase. Some
yards were raised as high as 9 cents an
hour. If this statement as to wage exten-
sion applying to yards paid the Chicago
scale is untrue, why is it that the S. U.

attempted to take certain

Digitized I:

^e"db^;^05'§f^'

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

165

Brotherhood at Galveston? If they had
been given to the S. U. there would have
been no need for an S. U. strike to get
them away. But, why go further.

A number of roads were shown in the
circular to prove what the S. U. had done.
Among them the Buffalo yards of the N. Y.
C, were quoted. We have it authoritatively
that no committee of the S. U. has been to
the N. Y. C officials since the one cent an
hour, twelve hour day, contract was made
m October, 1906. Buffalo received, all told,
an increase of 5 cents an hour; one cent
given to the S. U. and four cents added as
the result of the Brotherhood Harbor move-
ment through which all yards on the N.
Y. C. were raised five cents an hour or
better. The circular quoted the Buffalo
Creek Railway but we find the S. U.
engaged in a strike on that road on January
10, 1907, for a schedule.

At Buffalo, and east of there, the S. U.
has to its credit only the yards of the
Lackawanna, except those covered by the
New York Harbor District It may have
the Buffalo Creek by this time. It deserves
to have for it had the majority of the men.

The circular quoted a number of other
roads as ''having done the same" that is;
given the S. U., increased wages. The cir-
cular did not say that the increase was se-
cured by the S. U. This is something of
a difference.

The Chicago wage argimients were heard
by two committees of managers. One met
with the Trainmen, the other with the
Switchmen. The managers were very nicely

divided as to agreements, that is, there
were managers whose men were working un-
der S. U. arrangements meeting with the
Trainmen and managers whose men were
working under B. R. T. agreements on
the committee meeting the S. U. We
think the full agreement strength of the
S. U. was represented on the two managers'
committees. The Great Northern, Northern
Pacific, the Rock Island and the C. & E. I.,
are about all the S. U. will lay claim to
while the Trainmen have the remainder.
Because Mr. Horn, of the Northern Pa-
cific, signed the agreement negotiated by
the Trainmen, we do not regard that as
turning over the Northern Pacific yards to
the Trainmen. They still belong to the
Switchmen's Union, although the manager
of the N. P. signed our agreement.

Whatever was signed applied to all yards
and roads in the territory regardless of who
held the contract, agreement, schedule or
whatever it may be termed. Contracts were
not changed as the attempt of the Switch-
men's Union in Texas, to transfer a few
of them stands in evidence.

There are many roads that received the
general demand from the Switchmen's
Union that have a very small number of
S. U. men employed. .The demand was
made everywhere, but do any of you imagine
railway managers tearing across the coun-
try to hand out increased wages to an or-
ganization that is not represented in its
working force? The truth of the story is;
the Switchmen's Union made the noise but
the Trainmen made the settlement.

A Comparison That Does Not Flatter.

The average wage worker of this country
has keyed himself up to the point where he
believes that he has the best of everything
in work and wages and, the rest of the
world, therefore, will please sit up and
take pattern whenever it feels the need of
enlightenment along such lines as tend to
progressive perfomul ice and permanent
betterment of the :ommon people.

The majority of us take our cue from the
million of immigrant ( that are added to our
working population each year, but which
do not represent the average working class
of Europe that is above the lowest level of
humanity as we receive it at our ports of
entry.

It will surprise many of our industrial
workers to know tha,^ jjllg^things entering>

166 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

into comparison, they are not much better The American artisan has captured the
off, if any, than their brethren in England markets of the world, but he has killed
or Germany. It is true«that we work hard- himself doing it. It is a questionable satis-
er in the United States, make a little more faction for the American mechanic to be in-
money, but have had much advantage in formed in these prosperous days that his
less congestion of population, natural re- skill and ability have captured the markets
sources and inventive genius. It is also true of the world when he is out of a job because
that, as a rule, our foreign co-workers work he is too old to work at the high speeds
fewer hours, receive as much wage, com- demanded and is living off the wages of his
paring its purchasing power, have better wife and daughters, who are working in
legislative protection against dangerous ap- the mills or department stores because the
pliances, work more slowly and get out a real bread winner crossed the dead line be-
better finished product, as our tribute to for- fore he reached forty years, and they must
eign makes of goods of certain kinds bears take up the burden,
witness. We have hundreds of thousands of mine

When we break away from the very few and mill employees who work patiently
highly paid workmen and get to the millions year in and year out without intruding
who earn ordinary wages we are confront- themselves in the way of their fellow work-
ed with comparisons of wages, hours and men. While they live in districts and con-
conditions in Europe that show up very tribute their great proportion to the prosper-
well along side of our own and in addition ity of the nation and assist in capturing
the European workman has the great ad- the national markets, little is ever heard
vantage of working at a rate that will per- or thought of them unless they strike. Then
mit of his remaining in employment until he the worst side of the men is shown, they are
has reached the estimated age of sixty- belabored by press and public as ''law-break-
five, whereas, the pushing, high speed ing foreigners who mistake liberty for
American mechanic has the dead line drawn license, etc" No thought is given to the
on his employment at thirty-five years. thousands of these employees who sacrifice

The chief error in forming conclusions their lives and limbs, who work themselves

between conditions here and abroad is in into the charity organizations before they

mistakenly considering the earning ca- have crossed middle age and who work in

pacity of the lowest class of immigrants a living hell to make millions for their em-

that come to us. People without trades or, plovers and a bare living for themselves

if they have them, of the kind that are sus- but, when we do think of them, we think

ceptible of the greatest competition, are not further and believe that they are better off

to be used in intelligent comparison of con- than their co-laborers in the **black coun-

ditions between the two continents. ties** of England, or the furnaces of Germany.

We all know that the English, German, There is a world of valuable information

French or Swedish artisan never hunts long on these questions furnished in the recent

for a job in the United States. Except in work of Arthur Shadwell, who has made

times of acute depression there is always a a study of industrial conditions in England,

position ready for him. The American me- Germany and America. His deductions do

chanic pays his tribute of respect in imi- not give the American the best of it by any

tating many of the little tricks or twists of means. His comment on Pittsburg and its

the trade that are known to him that make conditions is as follows :
work easier and solve apparently difficult ''Compared with the inferno of Pittsburg

problems in mechanics with ease and sim- and the lesser but still more grimy and dis-

plicity. The American artisan is usually mal hells of the Monongahela Valley—

the equal of the average European mechanic Homestead, Braddock and the rest— Shef-

but there are very few shops where the field is clean and Essen a pleasure resort,
exceptional man was not trained abroad or "If Pittsburg is hell with the lid off,

had the advantage of some assistance from Homestead is hell with the hatches on.

one who was. There is nothing but unrelieved gloom and

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 167

grind on one side of the fuming, groaning wages than cither of the others, but cannot
works where men sweat at the furnaces and buy any more for them. He pays higher rents,
rolling mills twelve hours a day for seven more for his living, pleasures, sports and
days a week; on the other, rows of wretch- travel than either the English or German
ed hovels where they eat and sleep, having workman, and has fewer advanUges in free
else Only those who worship the god of libranes and the like. The American and
gold can pay homage to the lord of squalor German come closer in results as a whole,
who sits enthroned on the Monons^da. but the English worker is given the best of
The money made there carries a taint the comparison, so much so that ShadwcU
^^ **•" declares that "the British workman with

The German workman who gains a little skill and character had better not leave
more money by coming to America loses home for the American El Dorado; it win
many of the good things he had at home, prove a mirage."
neither time nor energy left for anything .,^., . . .

Shadwell declares that Germany not only ,^^'^ ^"^ comparisons may shock some
has kept pace with the march of intemation- ""! ^^ TT''!!I' T^u ^^^ u"" ^^^ *^'
al industry, but has cared for her working ^^^ ^^ the blessed of the earth and some
classes by helping them at every step. He <>^^^" ^^^o hke to politically advise us of
says, -AH sections of the community, from !"^^„^ ^^ ^^" V^' *« ^^'^8^ P«^^
the throne to the workhouse have contrib- ** ^^^ ^^ ^^ '^^^ °/ "* «>™« «^ ^<> ^^'^
nted something. Ordered regulation is ac- *^** 7* ^^1"^* ^ ^^^ ^^**^ ^^ ^^^ «^««»^°
cepted and applied with mfinite pains by the P«>Pl« of Europe as we hke to make our-
legislature, government departmenU and ^^ ^^ believe,
private citizens." To get the right idea of where we are at

A review of his work has been summed industrially, when we make comparisons let
up to the e£Fect that the American works us compare occupations of the same kind,
kmger hours than the Englishman and his and not our high class labor with the low
output is greater. The German works almost class labor of elsewhere. If we do it may
as many hours as the American but not so put a crimp in some of our conceit, but it
fast The American receives higher money ought to add to our common sense.

The Switchmen s Way.

The Switchmen's Union has kept up its Brotherhood informed the railway man-
campaign of misrepresentation that it start- agers during the wage adjustments for the
cd with the Federation of Labor G)nven- yards that if the S. U. struck it would
tion. It has carried its story to the labor fill their places. It ought to be unneces-
papers that represent locals in several of sary to say that this is a deliberate lie. This
the cities and attempted to prejudice the is a fair sample of how they are trying to
members of the organizations by telling do business and place the B. of R. T.
them of the actions of the B. of R. T., and wrongfully before the organizations not in
not telling the truth by any means. railroad service and which do not under-

They have dwelt very strongly on the ^^and the practices of the Switchmen's

Union.

Mon Con and Galveston affairs and have
not told the truth as to why the B. of R. T.

did not surrender membership, laws or The Switchmen's Union is making a plea

contracts because the S. U. demanded it for sympathy on the ground that it is the

do so. only railroad labor organization interested

The latest story is to the effect that the in the welfare of all labor

11 labor organizations
Digitized by VjOOQIC

168

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

and conveying the impression that the other organizations than the Switchmen's organ-

railroad organizations are not in sympathy
with the general labor movement.

ization has gone for its own members. Our
members arc cautioned to watch these re-

So far as practical assistance and sym- ports carefully and explain every instance

pathy are concerned this organization has
gone further in a substantial way for other

referred to just as it occurred,
more is necessary.

Nothing

The Noble Prize.

The President has been awarded the
Noble prize because he did more than any-
one else to prevent bloodshed during a cer-
tain period. His intercession that settled
the Russian- Japanese war was declared to
entitle him to the money and he has been
advised that it was awarded to him.

His announced intention to use it for
the creation of a peace commission sounds
all right, but it seems as if the work of the
commission could be better performed if it
were doing business anywhere outside of
Washington, than in it. The temptation to
mix politics with the commission would be
strong and hard to get away from. Just
what it could do by itself is also a ques-
tion.

There is no disposition to question the
motives of the President for his intention
to create a peace commission. He is to be
heartily thanked for his decision, but it
seems as if his ideas would receive assur-
ance of better results if he co-operated

with the National Civic Federation which
has the same work under way that is pro-
posed by the President.

We know that the Civic Federation is
not approved by certain persons but the
only reason we could ever discover was
that they feared something might be done
to lessen the friction between capital and
labor.

The Federation has accomplished some
excellent results in anticipating strikes by
offering the way to arbitration and, in
many other ways, it has proved its prac-
ticability along the lines it has followed in
its endeavors to assist in the adjustment of
the industrial situation.

We feel that if it were possible for a co-
operation between the plan of the Presi-
dent and the Federation that better resuks
will accrue than will be possible under two
organizations working apart but ostensibly
for the same end.

Holler All The Time.

There is a little anecdote from the life
of Lincoln that we hand to our readers and
commend it to them. The story goes that
a yotmg man once wrote to him to ask how
to organize a political club. The reply he
received was: "All get together, let every
one do something, the thing he can do best.
Some rent a hall, some sing, some speak,
some attend to the lighting and holler!
Everybody holler!" Now, then, good and
quiet brother, who believes that it makes
no difference whether "I holler or not" get
busy, let the air resotmd with your noise in

behalf of the Brotherhood. It is up to
"everybody" to make this business hum as
it ought to hum, like a million horse-power
machine with no lost motion. Just tell
yourself, "If I don't do this thing no one
else will," and then do it.

Just remember, "everybody holler*^ ac-
cording to his ability, and then some, and
we will be the greatest organization in the
world. We are close to that, but it will
not damage us to get a trifle closer to the
ideal organization we all hope for in a very
few years. "Everybody holkft" j

Digitized by VjOOQlC

p. De-

Address

J. Mc-

Wantxd. — Address of Patrick Whalen, last heard
from at McKees Rocks, Pa. Write Secretary No.
225.

* ♦ *
Wantbd.— The address of Brother E.

lardelabcr, of O. & C. Lodge No. 878.
Secretary of that lodge.

* * ♦
Wanted. — The address of Brother C.

Collum, of Lodge No. 604. Address W. B. Routt,
Secretary Lodge Lodge No. 604.

* * *

Will E. C. Smith please send his address to
William Quaid, 216 Blackberry street, Harrisburg,
Pa., or Financier Lodge No. 888?

* * *

Wakteo. — To know the whereabouts of W. J.
Sweoringer, last heard from in Kansas City. Ad-
dress C. E. Massey, R. F. D., No. 8, Milan, Ga.

* * *

Wanted. — ^Herbert Thompson, a brakeman, last
heard of at Breckenridge, Minn., to communicate
with L. G. Thompson, care Wilcox House, St.
Thomas, Ont

* * *

Wanted. — ^The address of R. E. Knight. Last
heard from was working out of Arkansas City,
Kan., on the SanU Fe. Address J. A. Knight,
No. 729 No. 21st street, Birmingham, Ala.

* * *

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of Nathan
Mackes. His parents are anxious to hear from
him. When last heard from was in Ashtabula,
Ohio. Address Mrs. David Mackes, Renovo, Pa.

* * *

Wanted. — The whereabouU of Willie Farrell.
Last heard of he was running as mail clerk out of
Chicago on the Burlington. Kindly notify Mrs.
L I. Gilkm, Torrance, Miss.

* * *

Anyone knowing the whereabouts of J. D.
Hogan will kindly communicate with W. H.
Hooper, Financier of Lodge No. 802, 278 Simpson
street, Atlanta, Ga.

* * *

Wanted. — ^To know the whereabouU of John
Baird, who worked on the St. L., I M. S. R. R.
out of East St. Louis during 1908 and 1908.
Address B. H. McLaughlin, No. 1888 16th street,
Denver, CoL

* ♦ ♦ *

Middlevokt, O. — ^Lodgc No. 898 hat very well
attended meetingi, and new members are being
admitted at every meeting. We have only about
seven on the entire system who are not with us,
and we expect to have them in a very short time.
JotJENAL Aoemt, No. 898.

Wanted.—To know the whereabouts of W. J.
Conlin, Financier of Lodge No. 877. Last seen,
he started for Philadelphia to attend a convention
on October 89tlL His wife and diiMren need him
very much at home. Address Mrs. W. J. Conlin,
No. 404 Chess street, Monongahela, Pa.

* * *

t Chicago, III. — Auburn Park Lodge No. 764, of
Chicago, 111., organized in September, 1906, is
progressing wonderfully. The meetings are regu-
lar and attendance good. Our membership is in-
creasing and we expect to make a record in 1907.
We wish through the Joubnal to extend our

* * *

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of relatives
of E. J. O'Brien, who was killed December 81st,
1906, at Mt. Angel, Oregon. He was formerly a
member of Lodge No. 888. He worked in Mil-
waukee, Wis., in 1901; also through Southern
California. Address A. A. Houle, No. 45§ Third
street. North, Portland, Oregon.

Wanted. — To know the address of Brother W.
S. Powell, a member of Jersey City Lodge No.
119. Last heard from June 86th. 1906. He was
then at a railroad camp at Virginia Minn. Any
information of him will be thankfully received by
W. J. Sheehan, No. 208 Pavonia avenue, Jersey
City, N. J.

* * *

Maevsvillb, Pa. — Anyone who visits Lodge No.
694 will find a body of men who are alive and
fully awake to the needs of our organixalSon.
There are only four men in town who are eligible,
who are . Mn the Brotherhood, and just as fast
as men are eligible they are admitted. Our offi-
cers are of the best, and our attendance is fair.
Secbetaey, No. 694.

* * *

Louisville, Ky. — Lodge No. 166 has elected a
good set of officers for this year, and we expect to
push the work of the lodge forward to better pur-
pose than we have in the past The lodge is in
very prosperous condition and enjoys good attend-
ance at its meetings. Itae membership is repre-
sented in every yard and on every line in Louis-
ville. M. J. Foley.

* * *

Bluepield, W. Va. — Lodge No. 688 is one of
which all itt members are proud. There are no
"snakes" to bother us. and we think there never
will be. Our yard men are all members of the
Brotherhood, and I think it would be a hard mat-
ter to have them anything else. They are thor-
oughly conversant with what thc(^rganization has
Digitized by Vi

access at all times.

* * *
McMecubn, W. Va.— Lodge No. 18 sends its

170 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

done and they are not disposed to listen to any- The American Bureau of Industrial Research,

one's talc of trouble. Agent, No. 638. under the direction of Professors Richard T. Ely

* * * and John R. Commons of the University of Wis-
PiTCAitN, PA.~On December 30.h the engi- consin. desires to secure the first nine volumes.

neers. firemen and trainmen attended a memorial prj^r to 1893. of the Railroad Trainmen's Jour-
service in the First M. E. Church at Braddock. ^^^ ^Iso convention proceedings of the Brother-
Pa. It was a most aflfecting service and was well hood of Railroad Trainmen, and constitutions as
attended by the members of the three organiza- amended at each convention. Anyone having in
tion. The P. R. R. male quartet furnished some hj, possession, or knowing of these publications is
very appropriate music, and the sermon was one requested to communicate with the American
of the best we have ever heard. Bureau of Industrial Research, Madison. Wiscon-
F. E. Bateman. jJ^ The Bureau is working in co-operation with
N.w«,.T, VT.-Lo4e*No*830 i. getting .long "« ..^'"~°»i.» Historicl Society and the Uni-
nicdy. and anticipate, a much better year for "7'"' '* «'««"«» «° «»« '^ort «o «cure trade
1907 than it ha. ever bad in the past. We have ""'<»» "^'"^ "'^ the H..toncal SocKty has
... , . ^ 11 J .L provided accommodations m its large, modern,
added several new members to our rolls and there \. *..,.. »^ .

.... .^. ^ . fire-proof building where investigators can have

are many applicanti in waiting. Our members . „ ..

take • great deal of interest in the Journal, and

look for its coming. We hope soon to organize a

lodge of the Ladies' Auxiliary, and believe our .,., .. ,- .. v j ,»fL»i

. ... . ..... .V Happy New \ear" to everybody. While the

members will give it their assistance. u ^ i j • . \_ ...

W T M C F r number of our lodge is supposed to be particularly

^ ^ ^ ' ' unlucky, still we have not found it so as yet, and

Good Coin in Sight.— $25.00 reward for infor- *"y«>°« attending our meetmgs would go away

mation leading to Louis G. Roy's whereabouU; satisfied that we were not suffering any because

he left his wife and home September 28, 1M6; *'- «»"« numbered 13.

belonged to Lodge No. 678 of Murphysboro; ^^ ^*ve admissions at almost every meeting

mortgage will take home as it sUnds now; 81 *"** **"'' members are out doing everything they

years old. five feet five inches high, weight about ""» getting all the available material rounded up.

186 pounds, black hair, dark eyes, scar on each ^'« •»"« starting 1907 off with a splendid lodge

side of face, one near corner of mouth; wore an a"<^ * ^^^^ *«* ^^ officers. Since we changed our

initial ring on one hand and dark, red set ring "meeting place our members have a better oppor-

on the other hand; always very neat in appear- ^"'"^ ^^ ^Xittid lodge meetings, and affairs are

ancc. Mrs, Louis G. Roy, 1406 N. 18th street, ^^^ ^^^^ better with us.

Eatt St. Louis, 111. ^* ^^* ^^* ***^ * ball, and the proceeds will

^ « 4c be turned over toward the purchase of regalia.

Salt Lake City, Utah.— Lodge No. 388 has a W. E. Hick.

very enthusiastic and energetic set of members * * *

who are paying close attention to the work of the Piedmont, Mo., Lodge No. 600 recently held

organization. We had a very enjoyable opening e day of initiation, feasting and good fellowship,

in our new hall on December 11th. and enjoyed 1*he lodge met in the morning and initiated sev-

a stag party and banquet cral members. At noon a splendid dinner was

We are admitting members at every meeting, served and the Ladies' Auxiliary assisted to make

and the outlook is very good for the future, this and the succeeding features of the day a de-

Business is heavy, so much so, in fact, that a cided success. In the afternoon a general good

man makes so much overtime now that he does fellowship meeting was held, and the visitors were

not have a chance to keep track of it. entertained with a fine program of reciutions,

I think our members ought not to hesitate to talks and music,

wear their emblems where they can be seen, be- In the evening the officers were installed for

cause I believe it pays to advertise. 1007 and each one of them made a short address.

A. B. Bbown. The assembly was addressed by prominent mem-

* * * bers of the city, and each address was received
HUNTIMOTON, W. Va.— Lodge No. 740 is in good with applause. The evening was passed pleas-
financial condition, and its prospects are bright for antly, and a concert was a part of the program,
a large membership for 1007. We are doing a Every one present enjoyed a splendid day with
great deal of initiation work and gathering up the the members of the lodge and their lady friends,
non-members at every meeting. Many of our old and it is to be hoped that the occasion will con-
officers were elected for this year, which shows tribute largely toward increasing the membership,
the satisfactioon they have given us. j. ^vr. Brrner.

I think if our members would give the nons a « * *

little plain talk about the advantages of member- Meridian, Miss.— I suggest th«t our organiza-

ship in the B. of R. T. we would not have much tion pay to each member at the expiration of

diflkulty in securing the most of them. twenty years' membership, one-half of his policy.

It is to be hoped that every member will do his In my opinion it would be an inducement for

part in this respect and assist us to build up a members to remain, and new members to seek

large organization. Our general committee for admission. It would also be a great benefit to

the C. & O. System is in session, and we look for our old members who have reached the age limit.

good rttvlts to oooi Iron it X. It Skstb. I think thia would bo fair to our members wjo

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

171

hxre been witli us twenty years, bccstise at tbst
time tiM most of them could make good use of the
raoneya and if they were expelled for nou'pay-
ment of dues the majority of them could not get
into the Beneficiary Department.

I note the short period of membership in many
instances in which claims are paid on account of
death or total disability, and I believe it would
be the proper thing to do this mtich for the man
who stays in the organization twenty years.
Then I suggest that they be allowed to con-
tinue the remainder of their insurance, payable at
death, or total disability.

Eo Carbigbs.
Secretajpy No. 373.

* ♦ *

MxaioiAir, Miss. — I suppose Lodge No. 878
has had her full share of trials and tribulations in
the past. We have had the misfortune to lose
several of our brothers by death but we are
doing the best we can to get along and increase
our membership by going after all of those who
are eligible.

We have one hundred and fourteen members
and a splendid set of officers. Our best wishes go to
all of our brothers for the coming year. Every
lodge, I think, is affiliated with the good fellow
who seldom attends meetings, has plenty of ex*
cnses, and, as a rule, is the noisiest member of
the lot when things do not go to suit his fancy.
It is members of this kind that ought to reroem>
bcr to do their talking in the lodge room instead
of elsewhere. So much noise in public does not
bdp out the business of the organization and the
lodge room is open to all of the members who
have sufficient interest in the organization to at-
tend the meetings. It is noticeable that when one
of this class gets into trouble he has no difficulty
in getting up to the lodge room promptly with it.
Membbe No. 873.

* ♦ *

SOME HOMELY SUGGESTIONS.
By the Rev. Charles SteUle.

''I cannot toast that flag, while trades unionism
exisU in this country." So, it is reported, said a
speaker at an employers* banquet recently. Gmi-
pared with this pharisaical atteraace, should be
another statement, said to have been made by
President Roosevelt: '*I was surprbed, during
the Spanish war, to find how large a number of
dead soldiers were identified by the trades union
cards which were found in their pockets.'* Fur-
ther comment seems unnecessary.

"Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be
clever." Charles Kingsley, who gave us this ad-
vice, was no milk-sop. He was a great factor in
the social and the economic life of his day. He
it was who called attention to the opportunity for
service in behalf of workingmen in their every-
day lives. But he was not alone in the discovery
that the brilliant man or woman isn't always the
one to tie to. To tell a man to **be good,"
sounds rather soft, to some people. But it in-
volves Aore than a mere negative virtue — the
mere keeping away from evil. It includes all the
virtues that make a man's life really worth while.
The fcUow who cannot be depended upon, for

instance, no matter bow brilliant he may be,
counts for precious little. The most brilliant
chap on a very important job was recently fired,
simply because he could not tell the truth.

"To win for ourselves the truth which gives to
error what permanence it has;" "to seek to trader-
stand, and not to silence our adversaries;" these
are pretty good mottoes for most of us who are
troubled abottt those who seem to be forging
ahead, in spite of the fact that they are wrong —
according to our notions.

* * *
Tbs Wirklsy CoMrAMY. — It is with consider-
able pride that we call the attention of our readers
to the full page representation of the Winkley
Artificial Limb Company of Minneapolis, Minn.,
a< it appears upon the inside of the back cover of
our JouRNAi.. The fact b, the Winkley Company
have been represented in our JotntMAL every issue
during all these past years, and as they have
always made a great specialty in furnishing limbs
to our Brotherhood men, the management of the
Train mim's Journal has always taken an interest
in the development and increased patronage of this
company.

The success of the Winkley Company b simply
the result of straightforward business principles
and the superiority of certain patents, and by
giving their patrons right and satisfactory treat-
ment. With their present increased and latest im-
proved mechanical facilities, together with the
business and professional experience of the man-
agers of thb company, all in need of their icrvlces
may rest assured that they will receive the most
perfect and satisfactory limb obtainable.
« « *
LOSTI
The following articles herein mentioned as lost,
if found, will please be returned to the Financier
of the Lodge of which the loser is a member.

Lost I — Railway transportation of Railroad Or-
ganizations Grand Lodge Officers. Do not look for
it; it was lost in the Rate Bill.

H. J. Marion, Lodge No. 196, Trainmen's policy,
receipts and traveling card.

Floyd Heagood, Lodge No. 216, B. R. T. re-
ceipts, clearance and other valuable papers.

Frank Bray, Lodge No. 128, pocket-book con-
taining one year's receipts, including January,
1907, receipt; meal ticket on Mississippi Hotel,
Nahant, Iowa, meal ticket on Gydson Hotel, Sa-
vanna, HI.

A. Emery, Lodge No. 690, receipt case contain
ing receipts for the year 1906, service letters an /
other papers.

C. E. Jones, Lodge No. 15, receipts.
Sidney J. Pierce, Lodge No. 424, card case of
two pockets, one for receipts and one for cards.
It held 16 receipts and traveling card paid up to
December 1st, with three service letters. Lost
somewhere between Grand Central Depot, Chicago,
and Garrett, Ind.

W. E. Calhoun, Lodge No. 548, largr^ yellow
pocket-book containing three years B. R. T. re-
ceipts, five old traveling cards, one for 1904, two
for 1905« and two for 1906, also $84 »i cash.

P. E. Bertelsman, Lodge No. 181, receipts from
September to January.

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172 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ASHTABULA, OHIO ranged that the older men have preference of the

It U 4:80 *. m. and I am chatting a few min- Sundaj lay^. ^ .u r- ^ w xr

ute. with "the other hair before retiring. I We jire a »»PPy »««» ^«« *>» ^* ^- * M. V.

have just returned from a neat little pleasure trip •"<! hope m the future to build up No. 7« till

to y , and as I was only a matter of twenty. »hc is a shining star in our great band.

eight hours on the road I am not in any hurry Yours in B., S. 4 I.. ^^

to get to sleep when by chance my eyes light on Sam l C. B<wlaiid.

the good old B. R. T. Joubmal, Secretary of No. i6.

No sleep now 'till I have glanced through iU * * «

pages. I find as usual some topics just a little

too deep for the ordinary man's mind, a few iwu ism .

themes about which I do not care. Some good This writing finds us all in the New Year and
stories and — *' what's thisf" — ^J. J. Hill has doubled to all appearances every thing is quiet along the
the tonnage of the average train on the "Burling- line. The various grievance committees have
ton?" No. Why five years ago it was 180 tons, finished their work, and while every thing was
and that doubled would be 860 tons; the book not obtained in ever/ detail, still what has been
says 866 tonib ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^'^ *' ^^^ much, obtained can be considered as a victory for the B.
We don't believe your "old fish story" now. of R. T. on the whole. The hardest struggle was

Say, wonder what those "Burlington" fellows with the River and Harbor men. For a long time
would think of a full-grown train f a man's train f the situation hung on a difference of one cent.
Eighty'five loads with forty-five hundred tons. The men stood for the Chicago scale of five cents
for instance, or one hundred cars with a sprink- per hour and the railroad managers offering four
ling of empties mixed in; such trains are our cents. The first proposition was for an eight-
every day trains, and when we go on "dress hour day. This the companies claimed they could
parade" we take one hundred steel hoppers loaded not grant on account of the scarcity of available
with coal, making a tonnage of about 7,000 tons. men. This proposition should have prevailed.
Why we wouldn't let our children play with a For the Lackawanna, the men obtained a ten-
little toy like a "866" ton train. hour day and some changes in conditions. Com-
We believe Mr. Hill has yet something to learn menting on all this, I think the Brotherhood can
about raflroading, and if he will communicate with claim a certain amount of victory and this should
the Secretary of Lake Shore Lodge No. 84 we »««^« «» *» object lesson to all trainmen who are
can direct him to the man who gives us our ton- "<>* y«t affiliated with the Brotherhood to avail
nage rating. Dsl. themselves of the very earliest opportunity to
^ ^ « make application for membership.
LANCASTER O When the Brotherhood or any other labor or-
' ganization obtains a substantial increase of wages
No. 76 is stiU in the field and taking in new ^^ ^ betterment of conditions it is a source of in-
members nearly every meeting. We admitted two ^^^^^ ^^ ^ ^, ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^„ ^^„ ^^f^^.^ ^^^^
the first Sunday in January and committees ^^.^g application for membership in his union
were appointed to work on thirteen others and .^ ^^^ ^^^licst possible moment. If a nonunion
we hope and trust that all may be found eligible ^^^ ^^ j„,t ^^^^ to think and make inquiries,
to become members of our great Brotherhood. almost the first thing he will find out is the
We are glad to see so many young men join, difference in wages in any business outside of
for there is need of their help. We are starting railroad service. Here of course the pay U the
in the New Year with an entire new set of offi- g^me for both the union and the non-union man
cers and also with the determination to make the provided the road is organized, but if he be on
year of 1907 more successful than the year that » road that is not organised the chances are ten
>* P**^' to one he is not drawing as large a chedc as his
We (as other lodges) are having our troubles Brotherhood compatriot. If he be on an organ-
in regard to non-attendance at meetings. j^ed road he will note the difference in con-
It is a pretty hard praposirion for six or seven ditions. In every branch of buiness where there
members to carry on the business of a lodge to i, not organized labor wages are low and con-
the entire satisfaction of all. During the past ditions intolerable. A very forcible illustration of
year there have been times when the same mem- this is the street railway men. Were they as
bers carried on the business of the lodge and strongly organized as are the steam railroad men,
there were just enough of them for a quorum. does anyone imagine for a minute that they
Brothers, we cannot be too punctual in our at- would be working the hours and for the amall
tendance at meetings. pay they are at present?

We should take as much care in attending meet- There is nothing so conducive to good wages
ings as we would in doing anything else. and living conditions as unionism. This is one

There are two lodges on our division. No. 686 good "ism," but another is fratemalism. Take
and No. 76. Our division is only 149 miles in these two isms and work them in conjunction,
length, extending from Trinway Junction with P. one with the other, and all mankind is benefited.
C. C. & St. L. to Morrow, O., junction with Little Fratemalism is or should be an inseparable ad-
Miami, but what we lack in length is made up in junct to unionism. One can hardly be successful
business. We have good paying runs since we without the other, and when they are worked to-
wer« granttd our last incraaaa. Runt ara to ar* gathtr tha frtatttt tttoetM will obtAla. Tbani ar«

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

173

some member* in all unions who lose sight of this
fsct at times and only think of their own inter-
ests, hot on the whole these are in the minority.
Fratemalism exists probably to a greater extent
among railroad men than any other class of union
men. They seem to be drawn together by a com-
mon bond of sympathy one for the other, probably
excited by their hard and precarious calling, but it
is refreshing to know this in this era of callous-
ness to all that is noble in mankind in the world
at large; and in conclusion, let me say I am glad
that with each succeeding year the lot of our rail-
road men is becoming much better and it will so
continue until eight hours shall be the limit for
alL A. M. Douglass,

Lodge No. 219.
* ♦ *

Business Subscribers Received For
January

Under this head the Journal wt'Il print one*
the name, business and business address of each
business firm, or, of each person in business (or
himself, or, representing a business firm as Its
agent who subscribes for one year. ^ The Idea is
to inform our readers who among their businessmen
have subscribed and to recommend to them the
fairness of glTing their patronage to those who have
patronized the Journal.

SPOKANE, WASH.

Received from F. E. Vogleson, Lodge No. 807:

M. H. Eggleston, City Treasurer, care City
HalL

M. A. Gunst & Co., Ogar Dealers.

Bums & Thennis, Saloon, 177 Howard.

Inland Printing Co., Howard and Main avc.

H. £. Hendrix, Plumber and Steamfitter, £.211
Augusto avenue.

Max Jacobs, St Lawrence Cafe, E. 10 Sprague
avenue.

Chas. Grant, Attorney Room 3, Hypotheek
Bank Building.

P. R. Erickson & Co., Grocers and Confection-
ery, 28 E. Third avenue.

Standard Furniture House, Inc., 815 Riverside
avenue.

L. R. Dolby, GenU' Furnishings, 11 Riverside
avenue.

U. G. Earnest, Proprietor Earnest Bar, 10}
£. Sprague avenue.

Vd. Beldner, Proprietor Old Homestead Bar.

A. M. Akin, Cigars and Confectionery, 239
Riverside avenue.

W. Q. Webb, Physician and Surgeon, Granite
Block.

ELLENSBURG.

A. C. Butler & Co., Staple and Fancy Groceries.

Frank Kobilka, Fancy Tailoring.

G. M. Stevens, Plumbing and Heating.

The Owl Drug Store.

John Geiger, Fancy Tailor.

H. A. Gotzian, Boots and Shoes.

A. F. SchulU, Candies and Ice Cream.

J. J. King; Tonsorial Parlors.

The EUensburg Dawn,

W. J. Peed, Dealer in Saddlery.

Payne & Simpson, Groceries.

Randall Printing Co., A. S. Randall, Manager.

F. W. Farrell, Harness and Saddles.

O. Peterson, Reception Bar.

S. Pearson, Proprietor Warwick Liquor Co.

O. W. Pautzke, Photography.

D. A. Holbrook. Hotel Holbrook.
Paul Fein, Pool and Billiard Parlor.

PASCO.
Roy J. Hutson, Pasco Lunch Counter.
A. C. Purdy, New Eagle HoteL

BOYCE, LA.
Received from R. Edmondson, Lodge No. 686:
Drs. Sewell and Sewell, Medical Examiners for
B. of R. T.

JEFFERSON CITY, MO.
Received from J. L. Doolittle, Lodge No. 637:
Henry Zimmer, Oak Saloon.
Ben Gilbert, General Repairer and Machine
Shop.
Lee Trueblood, Up-to-Date Bar, Cigars, etc.
J. Sinclair, Stock Buyer, 911 Stewart.
J. W. Rener, Coal and Wood, 411 E. High.
Theo. Augmead* Coal and Wood.
Received from W. H. Raley, Lodge No. 179:

KANSAS CITY, MO.

W. H. Gilmer, Restaurant, Nicholson avenue.
CEDAR RAPIDS. IOWA.

Received from H. M. Clark, Lodge No. 66:

Dixon Bros., Cigars and Tobacco, 186 F. ave-
nue W.

The Model, Clothing and Gents' Furnishings,
Second avenue E.

HUGO, IND. TER.

Received from J. F. Kennedy, Lodge No. 702:

Webb Mercantile Co.

R. V. Womack Mercantile Co.

Union Barber Shop.

St Louis Store, Dry Goods and Clothing.

Sangin & Byms, Groceries.

Hugo National Bank.

First National Bank.

Steward & Tyler, Oriental Pool and Billiard
Han.

New State Drug Co.

Knox & Adams, Restaurant.

Norton & Fullmer, Old Railroad Exchange Pool
HalL

Paris Grocery Co.

Hugo Drug Co.

Wright Lumber Co.

Carl Krauthers, Union Bakery.

J. P. Ward, National Real EsUte Co.

J. W. BlackweU, Paris Meat Market.

Golden Rule Grocery Store, J. H. Hebard,
Proprietor.

F. M. Brooks, Hardware and Tinware.

Henry's Confectionery Store.

David Burford, Cigars and FruiU.

E. O. Haines, Hugo Furniture Co.

J. D. Collier, Hugo Transfer and Livery Co.
J. B. Booth, Cotton Buyer,

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174

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

F. M. Ho|>per, Fttrnittire.

R. L. Wcddington, Harness Shop.

H. E. Alexander. Tailor.

W. N. Campbell, Pool and BUliard Hall.

R. D. KiUingtwortli, Bon Ton Cafe.

Hugo Trust Co., Real Estote, AbstracU and
Insurance.

RUSSELL* KY.

Received from R. E. Lee, Lodge No. 464:

Gilley Bros.

IRONTON, OHIO.

Mable & Sheridan.

McNary & Mearan.

WEST FRANKFORT. ILL.

Received from D. S. Dotie, Lodge No. 076:

J. L. Smith, Lumber and Furniture, E. BCain.

Sawyer & Bryan, Cafe, E. Main.

H. M. Zwick, Qothing, E. Main.

Witt Mercantile Co., General Merchandise. E.
Main.

TOLEDO, OHIO.

Received from L. A. Capwell, Lodge No. 612:

Bowe & Ross, Druggists, 1681 Broadway.

A. B. Cole Sons Co., Moving and Storage, 1487
Broadway.

J. F. Bennett Co., Pictures, Frames and Paint*
ings, 1138 Broadway.

Geo. F. Bruss, Groceries, 1640 Broadway.

Fred Schroeder, Plasterer and Brickwork, 822
South street.

BALTIMORE, MD.

Received from H. E. Eaton, Lodge No. 124:

Robert D. Attland, Restaurant, 1102 Green-
mount avenue.

John L. Wink. ResUurant, 1407 N. Charles.

Andrew Kraus, ResUurant, 1801 Fall Road.

Thos. Davis, ResUurant, 2218 JefFerson Place.

Fred Puepke, Grocery, 2640 Hampden avenue.

T. H. Joy, Jewelry, 700 Thirty-fifth.

W. V. Murphy, Gents* FurnUhers, 602 E. Bal-
timore.

HANOVER, P.\.

Noah Shaffer, Colonial Hotel.

HAVELOCK, ONT.

Received from T. J. Curran, Lodge No. 266:

J. E. Fowler. Jeweler.

TORONTO JUNCTION.

PoynU Bros., Butchers.

Empire Quick Lunch.

RACINE, WIS.
Received from J. S. Riley, Lodge No. 101:
Shoop Medicine Co.
Shulte Clothing Co.

Louis W. Peterson, Care M. Motor Car Co.
Fish Bros. Wagon Co.

OAKLAND. CAL.
Received from E. Brobreg, Lodge No. 71:
The Pacific Coast Co.. Adams Wharf.
Jas. P. Taylor Coal Co.. First and Franklin.
Chas. R. jMlen Coal Co., Broadway Wharf.
Sherwood & Sherwood, Adams Wharf.
United Iron Works, Second and Jeflferson.
Dr. W. G. Mobley, Dentist, 1438 Eighth street.
Nippon, Tailor, 1460| Seventh street.

Henshaw, Bulkley & Co., Fifth and Cypress st.

Hontberg Bros., American Cleaning and Dye
Works, 106 Seventh street

The Spool Cotton Co., First and Myrtle streets.

J. I. Case, Threshing Machine Co., 016 Myrtle.

Eagle Box and Manufacturing Co., Oil Market.

Oak Lumber Co., Foot of Oak street. Adams
Wharl

Hunter Lumber Co., First and Madison, Adams
Wharf.

Carnegie Brick and Pottery Co., First and
Madison, Adams Wharf.

Chas. H. Butler & Co., Port CosU Flour, Web-
ster street Wharf.

The SUndard Supply Co., Inc., First and
Broadway.

Sunset Lumber Co., First and Clay streeU.

NIAGARA FALLS. N. Y.
Received from R. G. Hannan, Lodge No. 089:
H. Colpoy, Hotel, 2118 Main.
Clark Shipston, Coal Dealer, 2117 Whirlpool.
Geo. A. White, BooU and Shoes, Main street.

JACKSON, TENN.

Received from L. P. Gamer, Lodge No. 210:

Levy & Feinberg, Dry Goods, 111 N. Market.

Frankland Carriage Co., 103 Poplar.

R. E. Franklm & Co., Grocers, HighUnd and
Deadrick.

C. Hanebuth, Jr., Soda Water, 119 Highland
avenue.

Harrison Bros., Grocers, 124 Johnson.

J. T. McCutchen, Jr., & Co., Insurance, Care
Second National Bank.

H. L. Beidenbach, Bakery, 228 N. Church.

OTTUMWA, IOWA.
Received from P. H. Sheridan, Lodge No. 787:
Frank Pauloy, Shaving Parlor, 111 S. Market.
C. T. Sullivan, Funeral Director and Under-
taker, 116 W. Second.
Dr. Newell, 084 W. Second.
Peach & Criaswell, Clothing, 207 E. Main.

MARION, IOWA.

E. J. MenUer, Proprietor Hotel Mentzer.

MOOSIC. PA.
Received from W. M. Howell, Lodge No. 382:
Dr. O. B. Richards, Dentist.
Jas. Walsh, Proprietor Valley Hotel.

SALIDA, COLO.
Received from W. Henry Curtis, Lodge No. 31:
Joe Haley, Gold Nugget ResUurant.

C. E. Cooke, Manager The Bon Ton.

F. B. Windiate, Parker Rye.

Adolph Unger, Clothing and Furnishings.

Ben Disman. Clothing.

W. C. Alexander, Jeweler and Optician, 142
F street

Francis Brothers, Qothing and Fumbhings.

Hampson Bros, k Waldez, Groceries and Meats.

B. W. Garretson, Salida Co-operative Mercan-
tile Co.

D. J. Kramer, D. & R. G. Watch Inspector.

E. E. Brigg, Mhiing Man.

Earl Wise. Smoke Ho^y ^^ (^QOglC

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

175

CHADRON, NEB.
Received from Geo. Scott, Lodge No. 190:
Lewis Metzler, Cigar Manufacturer.
Geo. Lowery« Shoes.
Harry Hull, Tonsorial Artist.
O. J. Scbwieger & Co., Gents' Furnishings.
Erwaf Bros., Tonsorial Artists.

LONG PINE.
W. Mason, Pharmacy.

OAKLAND. CAL.
Received from W. A. Perkins, Lodge No. 818:
Jackson Renolds, Cattleman, Summit street and
Crystal avenue.

IOWA.
Received from David Conners, Lodge No. 682:

CHEROKEE.
C. B. Debolt, Cigars and Tobacco.

ARCHER.
Gene Sullivan, Grain Dealer.

GEORGE.
Runtie & Jackley.

SIOUX FALLS, S. D.
W. V. Lowe, Sioux Falls Granite Paving
Blocks.

ALEXANDRIA, VA.
Received from H. D. Byers, Lodge No. 418:
T. A. Groves, Furniture and Carpets, 810 King.
Gibson & Timberman, Druggists, comer King
and Alfred.
J. A. Dienelt, Druggist, 1118 King.
J. J. Hanratts, Cafe, 108 N. Henry.

E. D. Dunn, Groceries, 1024 Cameron.
II. M. Head. Groceries, 1026 Duke.

B. Wheatley, Undertaker and Funeral Director,
807 King.

Sanders & Son, Jewelers, 687 King.

W. F. Creighton & Co., Druggists, 401 King.

F. J. Kramer, Florist, 114 N. Fayette.
Demaine & Sons, Undertakers, 819 King.
H. C Smith, Tailor, 907 King.

B. Baer, Jr., Clothier and Tailor, 416 King. '
T. J. Fannon, Groceries, Wood and Coal, Duke

and Henry.
Jas. Phillips, Shaving Parlors, 617 King.

LYNCHBURG, VA.
J. W. Mays, Wines and Liquors, 61 Ninth.

CHICAGO, ILL.
Received from J. S. Cusick, Lodge No. 4 :
The Union Bank, 877 Ninety-second street.

WINNEMUCCA, NEV.
Received from H. F. Ebert. Lodge NoTlmT
J. W. Guthrie, Assessor.
P. G. Hoenstine. Treasurer.
S. a Lamb, Sheriff.

SPARKS. NEV.

C. Wallstabb, The WallsUbb.

CONNELLSVILLE, PA.
Owen Murphy, 808 First National Bank Bldg.

ASPINWALL, PA.
W. C Campbell, Tradcnan.

CHEAT HAVEN, PA.

E. Fawcett, Coal Operator.

PITTSBURG, PA.
W. D. O'Brien, Physician, 99 Hazelwood ave.

LITTLE FALLS, W. VA.
Benson Jacobs Merchant

YOAKUM, TEX.
Received from R. B. Jones, Lodge No. 899:
Hardy & Erwin, Barbers.

ST. LOUIS, MO.
Received from H. Wedermyer, Lodge No. 298:
. Rosenbach Grocery Co., 2200 N. Broadway.

F. Schaettler, Cafe, 1787 N. Broadway.

WASHINGTON, D. C

Received from C. E. Donovan, Lodge No. 628:

J. E. Hauger, Artificial Limbs, 1812 Pennsyl-
vania avenue S. W.

BUFFALO, N. Y.

Received from A. B. Harkins, Lodge No. 187:

E. E. Schoenhut, Florist, 862 William.

Brainard House. 1029 WilUam.

KANSAS CITY, MO.

Received from Thos. Leonard, Lodge No. 80:

Buckley & Taylor, Liquors and Cigars, 1026 W.
Seventeenth.

Lee Bodenheimer, Dry Goods, Shoes, etc., 1028
W. Seventeenth.

C E. Lawson, Drug Store, 1714 Holly.

Fred Morast, Barber, 1109 W. Seventeenth.

Kellerman's Hotel, P. A. Kellerman, Proprietor,
1718 Holly.

LAFAYETTE. LA.

Received from C. E. Harnisch, Lodge No. 317:

L. Lacoste, Sheriff.

N. Abramson, Clothing.

Creig 8c Mouton, Lafayette Gazette.

P. Krauss, Jeweler.

Mose Levy, The Blue Store, Dry Goods, Cloth-
ing, etc

Lerosen & Alpha, Lafayette Advertise.

Parkerson & Mouton, Insurance.

First National Bank.

A. J. Leblanc, Tax Collector.

Judge Julian Mouton, Circuit Judge.

W. Campbell, District Attorney.

C. Dabanion, Attomey-at-Law.

J. L. Kennedy, Attomey-at-Law.

C. D. Caffery, Attorney-at-Law.

J. J. Davidson, Cashier Bank of Lafayette.

J. C. Nickerson, Real Estate Agent.
GALESBURG, ILL.

Received from R. A. Straub, Lodge No. 24:

G. A. Swensen, Cigar Store, 840 E. Main.
Dr. C. B. Horrell. 284 E. M%in.

TEMPLE, TEX.
Received from V. J. Stowers, Lodge No. 206:
J. C. Mitchell, Manager Temple Ice Factory.
Tom Walker, Manager Cox Grocery Co.
Winbora Pierce, Lawyer.

RANSOM, KAN.
Received from C S. Guinn, No. 664:
G. Kneffer, Restaurant.

HOISINGTON, KAN.
£. Childta Hardware and Farnitnie. j

Digitized by VjOOQIC

176

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

TOLEDO, OHIO.
Receiyed from I. R. Innet, Lodge No. 61S:
6. R. Baker & Co., Clothiers and Furnishers,
486-489 Summit

Gainesville, tex.

Received from Mrs. Sarah E. C Howard, L.
A., Lodge No. 809:

E. A. Blanton, Attomey-at-Law.

J. M. Lindsay, Gainesville National Bank.

W. E. Hooker & Co., Grocers.

H. L. Schad. Meat Market.

H. F. Smith, Fine Vehicles.

J. R. M. Patterson Dry Goods Co.

H. W. Surk. Druggist.

J. C. Wooldridge, Lumber Dealer, 410 S. Lind-
say.

M. B. Kinnie. Jeweler.

S. Zacharias, Dry Goods.

L. W. Bosley, Tinner and Plumber.

Jno. L. Simpson, Wholesale Grocer.

Lewia Rogers, Attomey-at-Law.

A. W. Green, Attomey-at-Law.

J. M. Wright, Attorney-at-Law.

E. V. Leslie, Laundry.

C. L. McCowen, Dry Goods.

A. H. Demock, Grahi Dealer, 811 Compress.

H. L. Cheshire, Furniture.

Geo. C. Morris. First State Bank.

Garvey & Eraser. Coal and Transfer.

Dr. C. G. Comegys, Dentist.

W. W. Howeth, Real Esute and Titles.

F. M. Boyd, Photographer, N. Dixon.
Stuart & Bell, Lawyers.

Smythe Printing Co.

L. LefkowitB, Merchant Tailor, N. Dixon.

A. J. Cooper, Snow Laundry.

R. S. Cearaal, Harness and Saddle Dealer.

WUley MiU and Elevator Co.

J. H. Maupin, Grocer.

L. B. Jones, Grocer, 887 E. California.

W. T. Seal, Meat Market, 635 E. California.

C. O. Turner, Insurance.

O. T. Carr, Plumbing and Hardware.

Tom Baratine, Gainesville Telephone Office.

D. T. Lacey, Banker, 803 N. Weaver.

D. J. Kenerely, Hardware, 807 N. Denton.

Jas. R. Bell, Real EsUte.

Blanton & Bosson, Attorneys and Real Estate.

Mora C. Clark, Life Insurance and Live Stock.

David Calkins, Tinner.

C. C. Thomas, Meat Market, 418 Clements.

H, P. Ware, Sheriff. 689 N. Weaver.

J. R. Stevens, Carpenter, 809 E. Pecan.

Jno. G. Garrett; Contractor.

Wils Roberts, Drayman.

WICHITA FALLS.

Taylor & Hardy, Groceries and Cotton.

Stearaes & Elliott, Meat Market, Indian ave.

Collier & Hendricks, Men's and Boys' Outfit-
ters.

Walsh & Clashey, Clothiers and Men's Fur-
nishers.

H. H. Noilting, Groceries and Dry Goods.

Walter Allen. St Charles Cafe.

Rock & Duke, Dry Goods and Men's Furnishers.

Trerathan & Bland. Grocers.

A. Kahii» Qothier.

SOUTH CUMBERLAND, IND.

Received from S. E. Knotts, Lodge No. 807:

Chas. T. Rogers, Jeweler and Watch Inspector
for B. & O. R. R. Co., comer Virginia and Laing
avenues.

H./ £. Chancy, Confectionery, Stationery,
Cigars, etc.. 170 Virginia avenue.
PENDLETON. ORE.

Received from C. J. Hamilton, Lodge No. 816:

Leon Cohn, People's Warehouse.
ATLANTA. GA.

Received from W. C. Puckett, Lodge No. 802:

Robson & Rivers, Real EsUte, 8 W. Alabama.

Arnold Broyles, Clerk Superior Court, Court
House.

Neal Bank, Pradential Building.

H. L. Colier, Commissioner Public Works, City
Halt

W. P. Andrews, Lawyer, Equitable Building.

Aragon HoteL

Etowah Cafe, Alabama and Whitehall.

Wm. Wolpert & Sons, Saloon, 70 Peachtree.

R. B. Blackbum, Lawyer, 88 Inman Building.

TRAVERSE CITY, MICH.

Received from Robert Ryan, Lodge No. 669:

Novotony Bros., Sample Room, 488 S. Union.

H. W. Pierce, Sample Room, 407 S. Union.

Jas. C. Hopkins, Ice and Wood.

Kubeck & Hoyt, Genu* Furnishings, 127 S.
Union.

Chas. L. Deyo, Candies and Cigars, 613 S.
Union.

Oval Wood Dish Co.. 680 Franklin.

Hon. Frank Hamilton, Clothing, 647 Washing-
ton.

Mrs. C. A. Bugbee, Drugs, 819 Washington.

Jno. Schlegel, Meat Market, 314 S. Union.

Hon. A. V. Fredrich, Shoe Store, 128 E. Eighth.

J. L. Boyd, M. D., Hamilton Block.

W. H. Umlor, Attorney, 408 Fifth.

J. M. Wilhelm, M. D., 282 E. Front

The Hannah & Lay Mercantile Co., Front st.

E. L. Thirlby, M. D., State Bank Building.

J. W. Patchin, Attorney, 406 New Wilhelm
Building.

Joe Brothers, Sample Room, 108 Front.

Wm. H. Arms, Plumbing, 630 S. Union.

P. C GUbert. Attorney, 820 West Seventh.

O. E. Chase, Physician, SUte Bank Building.

Tracy H. Gillis, City Cerk, 608 SUte.

Sherman & Hunter, Clothing and Furnishings,
280 E. Front.

W. Loudon, Blacksmith and Horse Shoeing,
Oak and Fifth.

Germain Bros., Livery and Transfer Line, 811
State.

E. W. Grelick, Cabinet Maker, Room 400 State
Bank Building.

J. J. Janda, Cigar Factory, 708 Randolph.

J. Kauer, Sample Room, 001 Randolph.

A. J. Dawson, Life Insurance, 809 State Bank
Building.

W. Beitner & Son, Wire End Dishes, Bay street.
ELK RAPIDSL MICH.

W. R. Carlisle, Manager Elk Rapids Irtm Co.

RAILROTiD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

177

SAN ANTONIO. TEX.
Received from M. J. Garvey, Lodge No. 62:
Robttsch Bros.» Groceries, Austin street.
H. F. Bell, Saloon, Austin street.
Cook & Roberts, Dry Goods, Austin street.
F. C. Fifer, Bakery, East Coounerce.

TEXAS.
Received from J. Appleby, Lodge No. 809:

SAN ANTONIO.
W. O. Reiden, Groceries, 1801 W. Commerce.
P. O. Howcrton, Druggist, 1416 W. Commerce.
P. Maureaux, General Merchandise, 1201 W.
Commerce.

C. Opperman, Groceries, San Marcos and Hous-
ton.

VAN ORMY.
E. Krause, General Merchandise.

DEVINE.
J. A. Kercheville, Meat Market.

PIEDMONT, MO.
Received from J. W. Berner, Lodge No. 609:
J. E. Gilmer, Physician and Druggist.
J. F. O'Dell, McrcantUe.
W. P. Touey, Druggist
L. A. Lane, General Merchandise.
P. H. Fulton, Druggist

J. S. Beryman, General Merchandise atid
Gents' Furnishings.

W. H. Blain, General Merchandise.
S. A. Lee & Co., General Merchants.
J. R. Brooks. Boou and Shoes.
C. Carter & Co., General Merchandise.
Carter & Wayland, General Merchants.
Z. C. Smith, Attorney.

TRENTON, MO.

Received from E. B. Brown, Lodge No. 20:

George Dempsey, Rock Island Dining Hall.
PARKERSBURG, W. VA.

Received from H. R. Vance, Lodge No. 855:

C. L. Hull, Meat Market 810 7th.

C. Fleming & Son, The Shoe Dealers, 815 7th.

C. E. Mansell, Shoes Repaired, 800 7th.

James Provias, Candy Kitchen and Bakery, 700
7th.

Robert Stoetzer, Barber .Shop, 716) 7th.

T. Dando, Groceries and Provisions, 810 7th.

John Hanigan, Jr., Grocer, 808 7th.

Tyler & Davis, Talking Machines, 223 7th.

J. F. Congrove, Proprietor Modern Shoe Re-
pair and Supply Co., 221 7th.

The C>old Mine Store« China and Glassware,
611 Market

J. S. .Speece, Merchant Tailor, 612 Market.

Hub Clothing Co.« 506 Market.

Farmers and Mechanics National Bank, 4th
and Market.

Col. Day, Barber Shop, 428 Market.

ALBANY, N. Y.
Received from W. Bozler, Lodge No. 565:
G. H. Bender, Groceries, Alexander.
J. O'Connell, Cafe, 4th avenue and S. Pearl.
Ira Applebee, Physician, 838 S. Pearl.
H. J. Pflantx, Jeweler, 298 S. Pearl.
L. F. Dascher, Undertaking, 77 Broad.

W. Schuff, Bakery, 00 Clinton.

F. J. Harlfinger, Bakery, 8-5 Delaware.
J. Eberlee, Bakery, 802 S. Pearl.

£. C. Roscbe« Bottler. 48 Clinton.
C. WeiseU Meats. 07 4th avenue.
Barry Bros., Undertaking, 4th avenue and S.
PearL
J. H. Hurley, Undertaking. 829 S. Pearl.
O. J. Malone. Undertaking, 44 S. Ferry.
L. W. Zessin. Groceries, 116 Qinton.

G. Rommel. Barber, 828 S. Pearl.
M. Kelley, Cafe, 184 Franklin.

J. Henael. Fish. 260 S. PearL

£. Lyons, Tea and Coffee, 94 S. Pearl.

Dearttyne Bros., Tobacco and Cigars, 82 S.
PearL

J. Bennink. Groceries. 57 Elizabeth.

L. Newhoff, Wholesale Meats, 10 Delaware.
GREENVILLE, TEXAS.

Received from Robert G. Meade, Lodge No.
606:

Physicians' and Surgeons, HospitaL

John T. Hardin. Grocery.

Geo. Lindsay, Architect.

SIOUX CITY. IOWA.

Received from A. H. Green, Lodge No. 247:

W. C. Beck. Jeweler, 261 Jackson.

H. A. Barr, Woodbury, County Savings Bank.

Brown Coal Co., 806 Jackson.

The Rutland Bar, J. Sheeley, 1208 4th street.
WEST FRANKFORT. ILL.

Received from D. S. Doty, Lodge No. 676:

G. L. Powell. Grocer. E. Main.
ELKHART, IND.

Received frotp Chas. H. Myers, Lodge No. 23:

E. B. Felt, Druggist

LONDON. ONT.

Received from' Chas. Veech, Lodge No. 415:

C. H. Morrow, Britania Hotel.

T. Shaw, Grocer, 670 Dundas.

W. H. Sanborn. Grocer, 704 Dunda.<i.

R. J. Young, Dry Goods, 668 Dundas.

E. W. Boyle, Druggist, 662 Dundas.
Dr. English, 688 Dundas, £.

J. Fawes. Baker, 660 Dundas.

F. L. Coulson, Bank of Toronto.
Dr. C. H. Reason. 638 Dundas.

W. J. Reid, China Hall, 268 Queen's avenue.
SHAMOKIN, PA.

Received from H. H. Reese, Lodge No. 641:

M. C. Farrow, Undertaker, Liberty street.

X. R. Luder, Gents' Clothing, Ind. street.
AKRON. OHIO.

Received from Otto StoU, Lodge No. 432:

Franklin Bros.. Contractors, 127 Otto.

American Scrap Iron Co., 80 W. State.

New Castle Coal Co., W. SUte.

Austgen and Pfeifer, Hanover Cafe, 290 S.
Main.

Lyman Lumber Co., 440 S. Main.

Spukler and Kroeger, Boots and Shoes, 812 S.
Main.

Geo. Billow & Son8« Funeral Directors.

W. A. Heifer, Imperial Greenhouses, 666
Bowery.

BARBERTON. ^^glp

Geo. M. Smith, Smitb't Tavern, R<^^^^4-

178

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

MILWAUKEE, WIS.
Received from F. O. Andrews, Lodge No. 128:
J. Ilinkley, Buffet, 199 Reed street.

PITTSBURG, PA.
Received from A. F. Morton, Lodge No. 235:
A. C Clark, Physician 8420 Butler.
L. I. Neff. Florut, 218 0th.
Seventh Avenue Hotel, Liberty.
J. B. Haag, Hotel, 2706 Ptnn avenue.
Chicago Rcttaurantf 1209 Penn avenue.

EAGLE GROVE. lA.
Received from Thomas Roach, Lodge No. 138:
J. H. Martin, Star Grocery.
M. N. SMiler, Qothkr.
W. R. Blase, Lumber, Coal and Salt.
J. C. Miller, Ltmch Room.
Olson Bros., East Side Meat Market.
Landis Drug Co., Paine Block.
H. E. Bougfaton, Railroad Watdies.
A. F. Lukensmeyer, North Western Grocery.
George Kuebn, Clothing and Tailoring.
George Weatherly, Manager Iowa Telephone Co.
H. Sorensen, Druggists.
C. Christensen, Shoes and Repairing.

JONESBORO, ARK.
Received from W. H. McGraw, Lodge No.. 358:
Dr. Hugh Rain^p 803| Main street.
J. E. Wilson, Grocery, 280 Main street.
The Hub Clothing House, 208 Main street.
The Grand Leader Dry Goods Store.
Dr. Burns ft Lutterloah, 400 Main street.
I. H. Caraway, Attorney.

E. H. Mathes, Attorney, 217 E. Washington st.
Dr. L. S. Johnston, Box 891.
Stemheimer ft Ncustradter, Grocery, Main st.
Dr. W. C. Haltom, 401 Main street.
Langford ft Houghton, Main street.
Mr. Williams, Barber, Main street.
J. H. Uttle, Manager Roller MiUs.
A. Purgerson, Meat Market, Main street.
S. J. Bamett, Druggist, 401 Main street.

ALTOONA. PA.
Received from W. C Giarth, Lodge No. 174:
Reed Tobacco Co., 920 Green avenue.
Wright Brother^ Groceries, 1718 Union avenue.
P. L. Morrison. Hotel, 12th avenue.
Yung, Sam, Hotel, 907 17th street.
J. Luckett, Groceries, 1701 11th avenue.

BARABOO, WIS.
Received from M. E. Pierce, Lodge No. 177:
J. E. English, Physician.
Von Wald ft Co.* Dry Goods.
Julius Hoppe, Clothier.
Risley Bros., Dry Goods.
J. H. Link, Jeweler.
Erswell, Melsl ft McGann, Furniture.

READING. PA.
Received from S. F. Tbomas, Lodge No. 117:
H. Undercufller, Cafe, 9th and Spring.
THIEF RIVER FALLS, MINN.
Received from W. Wohrman, Lodge No. 438:
Foss ft K|oia, Li9uors.
C. J. Johnson, Barber.
J. A. Ralston, RMtaurant.

C. O. D. Clothing Co., Clothing and Furnish-
ings.

Mutry & Effinger, Pool, Billiards and Cigars.
James Martin, Liquors and Cigars.

F. A. Ralph, Vienna ResUurant

M. Bothun, Confectionery and Groceries.

S. M. Bagby, Editor Press.

W. Korstad, TaUor.

A. Hueth, Barber and Baths.

J. P. Curtis, Druggist.

PITTSBURG, PA.
Received from W. H. Raley, Lodge No. 179:

G. R. Gaver, Physician, 222 Oakland avenue.

UNIONTOWN, PA.
W. F. Frederick, Pianos and Organs, First Na-
tional Bank Building.

WEST VIRGINL\.
Received from P. J. Conway, Lodge No. 630:

HANDLEY.
J. H. Brooks, Barber.
Irwin & Brady, General Merchandise.

MONTGOMERY.
Manldn & Davis, Mecca Saloon.
C. P. Webb. General Merchandise.
Montgomery Grocery Co.
T. M. Johnson, Wines. Liquors and Cigars.

HANSFORD.
.\. King. General Merchandise.
C. M. Newman, Groceries and Dry Goods.

PRATT.
S. W. McClary. General Merchandise.
J. A. B. Holt.
I. V. Nugcn, Manager for Pratt Grocery Co.

EAST LAS VEGAS, N. M.
Received ftrom H. L. Surr, Lodge No. 77:
The Hub Qothing Co.

GREENVILLE. ILL.
Received from Self:

De Moulin Bros, ft Co., Lodge . Uniforms.
Badges, etc.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Received from C. K. Turner, Lodge No. 589:
C C. Anderson, Building Superintendent, 28 N.
Millick.

OHIO.
Received from W. I. Spafford, Lodge No. 898:

COLUMBUS,
J. L. Parmill, Sundard Life Insurance, 167
14th avenue.

MIDDLEPORT.
M. G. White ft Co., Feed Store, Mill street.
J. T. Gatewood, Sur Barber Shop.
Major ft Chambers, Groceries.

CHICAGO, OHIO.
Received from O. E. Lane, Lodge No. 425:
L. £. Simmons. Newspaper.
Received from R. Edmondaon, Lodge No. 666:

MARSHALL. TEX.
Gradin Powell, Hotel.

MIDLAND, TEX.
C. D. Carroll. Dealer in Horses and Mules.

BOYCE, LA. ^ X

J. B. Wolf. Bank StkHffi^d by CjOOglC

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

179

LOS ANGELES, CAL.
Received from T. O'Brien, I^dge No. 74:
Port Bros., Genu' Furnishings, 1612 Fernando.
Geo. Miller, Manhattan ResUurant, 1460 Fer-
nando.
C. P. Deitz, Tailor, 145<4 Fernando.
Massey & White, Cafe. 1444 Fernando.

ONTARIO.
Received from T. J. Curraw, Lodge No. 255:

TORONTO.
T. H. Dunn, Gents' Furnishings, 424 Queen
street, W.

TORONTO JCT.
L. Scruton« Undertaker, Dundas.
T. G. Coc, Tailor and Gents* Furnishings, Dun-
das, E.
Taylor Bros., Butchers, 127 Dundas, E.
L. Heaps, Painter and Paper Hanger, 66 Dun-
ias. E.
Hillock & Brown, Grocers, 89 Dundas, £.
P. W. Goldthorpe, Barber, 204 Dundas. E.
H. J. ^ Partington, Housefurnisher.
Noden & Hallett, Hardware, 32 Dundas. E.
J. F. Mclnemey, Butcher, 286 Dundas. E.

HAVELOCK.
L Morris, Barber.
W. A. McMister, General Store.
J. L. Squire, General Groceries and Produce.
F. C. McMatter, General Hardware.
Kenneth McKay, Merchant Tailor.
James Thompson, Dry Goods.
E. FennelU Boots and Shoes.
W. H. Swain« Tailor and Gents' Furnisher.
J. M. Watson, Grocer and Meats.

PONTYPOOL.
R. Richardson, Bakery and Confectionery.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Received from C. Mahoncy, Lodge No. 587:
W. D. Bacon, Physician, 409 N. 54th.
W. Gardener, Cafe, 48th and Girard avenue.

ALTOONA, PA.
Received from W. A. Jones, Lodge No. 174:
J. B. Lallemang, Merchant Tailor, 2304 8th avc.

GALION. OHIO.
Received from C. Monat, Lodge No. 35:
H. D. Smart, Chief Saloon, S. Market.
H. H. Hartman, Physician and Surgeon, N.
Market

First National Bank, Public Square.
Theo. Young, Gem Barber Shop, S. Market.
E. D. Helfrich, Physician and Surgeon, S. Mar-
ket

TUCSON, ARIZ.
Received from F. B. Hurlbut, Lodge No. 460:
Anderson Bros., California Buffet, 10th street
and 5th avenue.

Levey Bros., 66 E. Cong.

Wheeler & Perry, Grocers, 48 E. Cong.

Charlton Jay, Dniggist

Smith Sporting Goods Co.

Aquilar & Simpson, People's Store.

A. Steinfeld & Co., Qothiers.

Grecnwald & Adams.

Geo. Martin, Phjrsidan.

Merchant's Cafe.

M. A. Rodgers, Physician.

Tucson Gas & Electric Light Co.
Pagoda Tea and Coffee Co.
New Method Laundry Co.
E. J. Ailand, Royal.
M. F. Kitts & Sons.
Armstrong & Co.
Bail Liquor Store.
Ramona Hotel.

SALIDA, COL.
Received from W. Henry Curtis, Lodge No. 31:
W. J. Lippard, Druggist, 121 First
G. W. Morris, Cafe, 120 First

E. G. Holman, Liquors, 147 First
J. D. Randol, Grocer, 129 First.

J. F. Hutchinson, Wholesale and ReUil Meat
Market, First street.
J. W. Calhoun, The Commercial National Bank.
J. G. Miller, Confectionery.
D. H. Craig, First National Bank.
J. Manful, Barber, F street.
J. F. Roe, Physician and Medical Examiner.
Keed Huffman, Barber.

OKLAHOMA.
Received from C. Reniff, Lodge No. 532:

EL RENO.
C. R. Miller, Druggist.

B. H. Stewart, Meat and Poultry.
Bruhweiller & Hecks, Groceries and Second-
hand Goods, 218-220 S. Beck ford avenue.

F. A. Wengcr. Shoe Co., 205 S. Rock Island ave.
J. O. Truitt Flour, Feed, Grain and Coal, 202

S. Cbotow ave.

J. C. Patterson, Tailor. 114 E. Russell.

N. O. Bamhill, C. R. I. & P. Watch Inspector.

Hatchet & Clark, C. R. I. & P. Surgeons, 121*
S. Rock Island ave.

C. A. Bergren, Barber, 116 E. Russell.

MT. VIEW.

D. Jennings, Cotton Ginner.

MANGUM.
Dr. Fowler Border, Border Hospital.
W. E. Whiteside, North Side Hotel.

LONE WOLF.
S. P. Barns, South Side Hotel.

GOTEBO.
J. R. Atkinson, Real Estate, Loans and Insur-
ance.

TWO HARBORS, MINN.
Received from W. L. Gatrell, Lodge No. 839:
C. G. Rothfus, Two Harbors Steam Laundry.

A. J. Guoix, Bon Ton Bakery.
Schriever Bros. & Moulton, The Big Store.

B. F. Fowler, Attomey-at-Law.

E. J. Steuerwald, Jeweler.

W. H. Bodfish, Two Harbors Drug Co.
Jasper De Mars, Two Harbors Candy Kitchen.
Anderson & Teaman, Cash Grocery.
S. C. Holden, County Qerk.

PENNSYLVANIA.
OLD FORGE.
Received from W. M. Howell, Lodge No. 382:
Lorenzo Harrison, Meat Market

SCRANTON.
Thos. H. Nebone, Piano Dealer,^542 Wyoming

•^">«^ Digitized by GOOglC

GRAND LODOB OP THB

Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen.

OFFICE OF GRAND SECRETARY AND TREASURER.

To Subordinate Lodges, Officers and Members : February 1st, 1907

You will please note that there will be no Grand Dues or Protective Fund assessment for
Feb., 1907 Financiers when making their Feb. remittance will remit $2.00 for each Class
C, |1.50 for each Class B, and 75 cents for each Class A certificate for benefici-
ary members in good standing, and make no remittance for
non-beneficiary members. ^^^-^S^-

The same applies to all members, admitted or readmitted ,^« ^

during the month of March. Fraternally yours,

STATEMENT OF CLAIMS PAID DURING THE MONTH OF DECEMBER, 1906

CLAIM.

11640
11983
12159
18196
12197
12198
12199
12200
12201
12203
1220S
12204
12205
12200
12207
12208
12209
12210
12211
12212
12213
12214
12215
12216
12217
12218
12219
12220
12221
12222
12228
12224
12225
12226
12227
12228
12229
12230
12281
12282
12233
12284
12235

12236
12237
12238
12239
12240
12241
12242
12243
12244
12245
12246
12247
12248
12249
12250
12261
12252

XAMI. LODGX.

H. H. Reed «*

Martin Murr 160

Lcroy Custer 614

H. J. Pellow 174

H. J. Smith 267

G. W. Shipley 453

E. O. Rcitzel 117

Chas. Murphy 191

W. L. O. Woods 497

E. H. Fleming 244

C. B. Longway 801

M. B. Renn 43

W. M. Helm 117

Frank SUrk 218

R. Bachard 233

" «- T» -t.__j^ 233

371

oyer ... 63

633

- 726

r 196

t\\ 518

_. 313

Wm. Letters 750

G. W. Crenshaw 20

Geo. R. Mair 124

J. E. Whalon 237

H. H. Hardman 21

J. E. Guinan 200

J. J. Connolly 201

Wildie Airgood 444

Wm. Lyons 456

H. W. Booth 12

B. B. Beste 450

C. A. Simmonds 688

Louis A. Kilby 265

Wm. J. Brown 406

R. P. Jordon 462

Chas. F. Brandeberry.897

Jacob Solins 119

Tno. F. Patten 68

H. Frcy 195

T. J. Smith 669

E. G. Edwards 661

O. F. Dillingcr 679

C. S. Reed 89

E. W. Whitehead ....410

J. A. Feltt 83

Jos. Petrie 128

O. Stoddard 137

E. B. Ottey 107

Edgar Stoneciphcr ...216

J. C. Gruper 303

Albert Spraguc 517

G. W. Boyce 648

Thos. Kennedy 143

Tno. Anderson 509

Wm. Roberts 573

E. D. Kelley 689

PAID TO. ADDRESS. AMOUNT.

Albert J. Perry, Gdn., Galesburg. Ill $1,350.00

Harry Murr, Adm., Philadelphia, Pa 1,360.00

C. D. Custer, McCook, Neb 1,850.00

Edith E. Pellow, Altoona, Pa 1.350.00

W. M. and Mary T. Smith. Keyscr, W. Va... 1,350.00

Mary V. Shipley. Mt. Airy, Md 500.00

Catherine Reitzel. Columbia, Pa 1,350.00

Mrs. Al. M. Murphy, Fon-duLac. Wis 1,350.00

Mary J. Woods, Brunswick, Md 1,350.00

David Fleming, Lavalettc, W. Va 1,350.00

Mary Longway, Berlin, N. H 1,000.00

Olive Renn, Sunbury, Pa 1,350.00

Samuel M. Helm, Columbia. Pa 1,350.00

Frank Stark, Conncllsvillc, Pa 1,350.00

R. Bachard. Lowell, Mass 1,350.00

H. K. Buchanan, Lowell, Mass 500.00

Jennie Parker, Granboro, Que 1.000.00

Mary E. Settlemoycr. Youngwood, Pa 1.350.00

Sallie A. Lucas, Pembroke, Va 1.350.00

Frances Greene, Oshkosh, Wis 1,360.00

Nellie C. Carr, Indianapolis, Ind 1,360.00

Rhoda E. Campbell, Pittsburg, Pa 1,350.00

Mary Kclle3r. Aurora, 111 500.00

Edith Zell Pickett, Kinsley, Kans 1,350.00

Annie Letters, Chicago, 111 1,350.00

Nora Crenshaw, Maysville, Mo 1,350.00

Lizzie Mair, MarysviUe, Pa 1.350.00

Marguerite E. Whalon, Cleveland, 0 1,360.00

Maggie Hardman, Niles, 0 1.350.00

Mary Guinan, Lima, 0 1.350.00

Emily J. Connolly, SUmford. Conn 1.350.00

Villia L. Airgood. Newberry. Pa 1,350.00

Mary Lyons, Philadelphia. Pa 1,360.00

H. W. Booth, Ottumwa. la 1,360.00

B. B. Beste, Superior, Wis 1.350.00

Mable I. Simmonds, So. Lawrence, Mass.... 500.00

Josephine A. Kilby, Battle Creek, Mich 1,350.00

Jennie Brown, Belt, Mont 1,350.00

R. P. Jordon. Smicksburg, Pa 1,350.00

Belle Brandcberry, Toledo. 0 1.360.00

Julia Solins. New York. N. Y 1.350.00

Jno. F. Patten, Petersburg, 111 1,000.00

Genesee Val. Trust Co.. Committee, Rochester.

N. Y. 1,200.00

T. J. Smith, Tyler, Tex 1,360.00

E. G. Edwards, Milan, Mo 1,000.00

O. F. Dillinger. New Ring^ld, Pa 1,350.00

Bertha L. Reed, Indianapolis. Ind 1,350.00

E. W. Whitehead, Abboteford, Wis 1.860.00

Anna Feltt, Peru, Ind 1.350.00

ios. Petrie, Milwaukee. Wis 1,360.00
fary A. Stoddard, Salamanca, N. Y 1,350.00

Eleanor M. Daniel, Jersey City, N. T 1,850.00

Lucy C. Stonecipher, Chattanooga, I'enn 1,000.00

Eunice Gruper, Ashland, Wis 600.00

Albert Sprague, Bay Shore, L. I., N. Y 1.360.00

Hattic H. Boyce, Howell, Tenn 600.00

Thos. N. Kennedy, Newark. N. Y 1.860.00

Anna Anderson. Duluth. Minn 1,860.00

Florence Roberts. Jackson, O l,8r

Patrick Kelley, Columbus. O D^t^^d b;

,90U.UU

.860^0 T

Life's Battles

BY ADELBERT CLARK

The batdes that we fight through life

Are waged by strong-wiDecl noble men.
Such men who count the cost as naught.

Regardless of what might have been ;
Who dare to face the jaws of death.

And wade through deep and bloody seas
To plant the deadiless laws of Right —

I say, the world has need of these I

The loyal works of mighty men

Go down, as with the golden sun,
But like the sun, they rise again,

Until the victory has been won.
There is no death to noble deeds.

They live eternal as the stars I
*Tis only sin that dies in shame.

Disfigured with its countless scars.

God bless ^e man who says " I will,**

Though hell should meet him face to face,
"I will endeavor to do right

And win at last, the highest place.**
Tls not enough to simply Try,

But try again and yet again I
To fear, wiD be to lose it all —

Immortal Truth can ne*er be slain I

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H
2
U
O

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IMmOADTRAIWMJlS JOURSNALj

Pabll«h«d Monthly br th9 Brothsrhood of Bailroad TnaamMi.
Entered »t the poat^fflee »t OloToland, Ohio, m aeoond-elMs matter.

D. I*. CSASE „t^{g^S^, SCBSCBIPTION Pricb

SDiTom AKD Mamaobb «i|^S^^ $1.00 Pkb Ybab III Advamob

Vol. XXIV. MARCH 1907. No. 3

Transportation And Methods Of Travel In
Northwestern Alaska.

A. L. JENKINS.

|hE two most important industrial The nearest approach to a road is a river
features of Northwestern Alas- bed ; when a teamster can follow the course
ka relate to water and trans- of a stream, jostling over big rough boul-
portation. Water is as essen- ders, and at other times wading -through
tial to mining as it is to agriculture, and deep fords, he feels fortunate and happy,
without proper transportation facilities a But where the trail leaves the streams and
large area of the Seward Peninsula, will cuts across the hills, then his troubles be-
never be developed. gin. Frequently on the hillsides, tfie horses

When miners are compelled to pay from flounder belly deep in muck and mire, and

$200 to $300 per ton for transporting their the wagon wheds drop to the aide in the

supplies from the seaboard to the mines soft earth.

which they are operating, it is apparent The swampy, coastal plains, the hillsides

that these mines must contain very rich covered with reindeer moss and tundra,

values in order to be profitably worked. growing over a treacherous bog or glacier.

Many of the extensive mineral deposits, and the miry spots to be found on the

carrying low grade values, will remain un- mountain sides as well as on the plains,

developed imtil such time as cheaper meth- together with the many creeks and gulches

ods of transportation have been provided, that must be spanned, are evidences of the

To any one who is familiar with the sit- difficulties to be encountered in construct-

ualion in this country, it is apparent that ing railways and wagon roads,

railroads are an actual necessity, in order But notwithstanding these conditions, it

to expedite the work of development. lias been demonstrated that railroads can

Freighting is done all over the peninsula be constructed in this country with a firm

by means of teams and wagons, but in all and permanent roadbed. By ditching and

this region there is not a highway or any- drainage of the tundra and marshy uplands,

thing that can be designated by the title this result can be obtained,

of road The complete development of the Seward

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184

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Peninsula will necessitate the building of
railroads from a seaboard terminal, to every
important mining camp in the district.

The many rich strikes that have been
made in this region have attracted millions
of capital, which are being poured into the
country, to be used in the work of develop-
ment. The men who are now building
railroads in this part of Alaska, are doing
a great public service ; they are doing much
towards developing the greatest industry of
the Northland, which will probably make
this the foremost gold producing country
on the face of the globe. They are potent

were more favorable, and Alaska would
remain for ages a barren, desolate waste.

The first attempt at railway building in
the Seward Peninsula was begun by the
Wild Goose Mining and Trading Co., in
the year 1900, when they began the con-
struction of a narrow gauge road from
Nome to Anvil Creek, where some rich
mines had been opened up the previous
year. The first year saw two miles of road
completed and equipped with one fourteen
ton Climax engine and five flat cars.

The following year another engine and
five flat cars were added to the equipment,

GRAND CENTRAL CAMP, SHOWING GRADE ALONG MOUNTAIN SIDE
Routes of pipe line. Workmen dipping bands In asphaltum to be used on the pipes

factors in the great industrial work of this
region, second only to the men who are
digging ditches, and providing an adequate
water supply, with which to wash the rich
auriferous gravels. It is not the purpose
of the writer to weary the readers of the
Journal by dwelling upon the mining in-
dustry of Alaska, but it should be remem-
bered that this great industry in the North-
land is paramount to all others. Only for
the mining industry, there would be no
railway building in Alaska today. Capital
would seek investment where conditions

and the road extended to Banner Station,
six miles distant from Nome.

In 1902 the Nome Arctic Railway Co. se-
cured control of the road, with a view of
extending the line to the head of Dexter
Creek, where some rich mines had been
opened up. Owing to the steep ascent over
the divide between Anvil and King moun-
tains, and the soft, marshy surface of the
ground, the construction of the road proved
to be a most difficult problem. But with a
perseverance which could not fail to over-
come all obstacles, the company, within the

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185

next two years completed the road to the
south-eastern base of King Mountain over-
looking Nome River, a point twelve miles
from Nome.

The entire equipment owned by the com-
pany at this time, was sixteen flat cars and
three locomotives.

In 1905 the Seward Peninsula Railway
Company secured control of the road, with
the object of extending the line to the
Kougarok country, a rich mining district
in the interior.

On June 17th, 1906, the new Company,

In a letter to the Nome Chamber of
Commerce dated September 24th, 1906, Mr.
W. E. Halm, the Vice President of the
Company, has the following to say: Three
miles beyond Ex Station, the point where
the grading began this season, the road
crosses the Nome River at an elevation of
100 feet above sea level, then climbs 700
feet in the next 15 miles, crossing the di-
vide at the head of Nome River 815 feet
above sea level, then skirts Salmon Lake,
a beautiful body of water four and one-half
miles in length by one mile in width, hav-

WOOD PIPE LINE 42 MILES LONG
This Is a 42-inch main and will cost $1,000,000.00

with a large force of men, began the work
of grading for the proposed extension, and
on October 20th, the close of the season in
this region, the grade was completed and
the road in operation to Lane's Landing, a
point on the Kuzitrin Riyer, 80 miles dis-
tant from Nome.

Adverse weather conditions prevailed
throughout a greater part of the season,
and many obstacles which were seemingly
insurmountable, had to be met and over-
coiW^T

ing a maximum depth of 137 feet, then
follows the right bank of the Kruzganiepa
(or Pilgrim) River to a point within seven
miles of Lane's Landing.

The line crosses Iron Creek thirty-five
miles from Council City and brings in
closer touch with the commercial interests
of Nome the rich mining districts on the
tributaries of the Niukluk River, lying west
of Council City and Ophir.

It also opens up the possibility of a stage
line between Council City ancj lxp\} Creek
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186 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

that will obviate the disagreeable passage of this part of Alaska, is the Solomon River
by use of the gasoline schooners through Road, which at the end of the present sea-
Solomon, son was completed and in operation twenty-
It is doubtful if the people of the Seward two miles distant from Dickson, the sea- ,
Peninsula realize the importance of the board terminal of the line. This is the
work being done by this Company. only standard gauge railroad in North-
The number of enterprises along the line western Alaska and when completed to
of the road that are being stirred into life Council City, the prospective destination,
by the prospect of cheap transportation, is will revolutionize the transportation facili-
truly remarkable. ties in the Solomon River district.

The Pilgrim River and its tributaries are This road has its offices and shops, which
seemingly full of undeveloped properties, are of a most substantial character, at Dick-
which only await the completion of the son, the seaboard terminal just across the
railroad to become active. river from Solomon.

In addition to the extension already com- This railroad has been constructed in a
pleted, further construction in the Kou- substantial manner with a view to per-
garok district is contemplated next season, manency and future operations. The road-
During the past season the Company has bed is well ballasted, and all the work both
added to the equipment of the road, by in construction of the road and buildings,
purchasing two new Climax engines of 25 shows the greatest care and the intentions
tons each, one Climax engine of 30 tons, of the company to secure lasting results,
one direct connected engine of 20 tons and The Wild Goose Mining & Trading
eighty new. flat cars. Besides the new equip- Company, in 1903, constructed a narrow
ment purchased, the Company has built two gauge • road from Council City to Ophir
modem passenger cars at their shops in Creek, a distance of seven miles.
Nome. This road was constructed to accommo-

Up to the present time, the Seward Pe- date the traffic of the Wild Goose Com-
ninsula is the most important railway in pany, but it has proved to be a great con-
Northwestern Alaska; their eighty miles of venience to other operators on Ophir
road, now completed and in operation, Creek. . x . >

make possible the opening up and develop- j^ survey has also been rna^t fcif a rail-
ment of a region which has heretofore been ^oad between Nome and Teller. It' is be-
practically isolated from the seaboard, on Ueved th?t freight can, be landed 5tt' feller,
account of the lack of facilities for obtain- ^^ account of the superior harbor*fecilitics,
ing supplies. and reshipped to Nome by rail at ^ Ip^^rer

It may be properly said that the Nome cost than it could be Tended from vessels
region is now in a transition period be- in the roadstead at Nome by hieans of
tween the exhaustion of the shallow pla- lighters.

cers, and the beginning of operations by Teller has the distinction of having the
hydraulic and other improved methods of best harbor on the Peninsula, but it also
mining, upon the unconcentrated placers has the disadvantage of not being open
wherein the greatest wealth of the country for navigation so early in the season as the
lies. roadstead at Nome. It is, however, the

Active preparations are now being made only natural harbor on the northern coast
to mine this country on an extensive scale; of the Bering Sea.

many dredgers and the latest improved hy- Although the railways are not operated
draulic machinery are being installed, and in the winter season, between the first of
when all the proposed plans have been con- November and the middle of May. trans-
summated the annual output of gold from portation in the winter time is not so seri-
this country will be much larger than ever ous a problem. After the snows have fal-
before. len, it is not a difficult matter to haul a

Another railway that has a most impor- load of five or six tons across the country
tant bearing upon the future development with a team that Qowld not bawl more than

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18t

one ton in the summer season. The only
disadvantage of freighting in the winter
time is the frigid weather and frequent
blizzards. In this Arctic region blizzards
are a most dangerous thing to encounter.

In the early days, long mortality lists
resulted from encounters with the Arctic
blizzard; but in later years a better under-
standing of the weather conditions in the
Northland has lessened the casualities from
freezing.

Numerous stage lines run from Nome to
the important parts of the Peninsula during

Alaska. Every winter the mails are car-
ried by relays of dog teams down the Yu-
kon River and across from Unalakleet to
Nome, and from Nome they are forwarded
to every postoffice in Northwestern Alaska
by dog teams.

The transportation question between
Nome and the states is simply that of an
ordinary ocean voyage. It is true, it is a
long voyage, the distance from Seattle to
Nome being 2,350 miles. It requires from
eight to ten days for the fastest vessels of
the Nome fleet to make the trip.

THE BEHRING SEA. MIDNIGHT, OCTOBER. 1906

the winter season. The stages are on run-
ners and are covered with heavy canvas.
Stoves are used inside the vehicles, which
have given the conveyances the name of
hot air stages.

In the history of Alaska dogs are in-
separably connected with the pioneer days.
In the winter season dog teams were the
primitive method of transportation, and
they are used today where quick service is
desired and light freight is to be trans-
ported. Dog teams are used almost ex-
clusively for transporting the mails of

In closing this story, permit me to say
that there is a conspicuous need for more
transportation facilities in Northwestern
Alaska. No doubt the building of railroads
is progressing as rapidly as the means and
opportunities of those engaged in the work
will permit. All kinds of development in
this country are slow, but there is no ques-
tion that the development of country would
be accelerated if better transportation facil-
ities prevailed.

On the other hand, the requirements of
the miners, who are beginning to develop

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188

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

the iiiterior country, will accelerate the ried over the lines of railroad that will
building of railroads. But time is required, then be in operation, and we will wonder
and the wheels of progress in this frozen why men familiar with the transportation
land move slowly. business were so long in understanding and
In years to come, we may ride in palace realizing the great possibilities of this won-
cars from Nome to all the important min- derland of wealth, and wonder why they
ing centers of the Seward Peninsula, and did not construct these railroads at an ear-
note the immense traffic that is being car- Her date.

Jim's Phantoms.

i:V MAXWELL HENRY, EXPRESS GAZETTE.

Jut up any more spooks lately,
Jim?"

"No, by gosh, I ain't; and I
never want to run into a gang
like that again. It's a big enough jar on
your nerves when you hit some poor devil
of a Dago, but when a feller finds himself
a-jumpin' her right on top of a gang of
ghosts, it's purty near enough to give 'im
a one-way pass to a sanitarium."

"How was that, anyway, Jim? Don't
think I ever heard the right of that ex-
perience of yours. Happened up^on the
De-vide, didn't it?"

The- noon hour was about half over and
the men were enjoying a pipe in the round-
house before the whistle sounded. The
erstwhile full dinner pails set along the
foot of the tool chests and wreathes of
blue ^moke arose languidly and mingled
with that from the engines' funnels.

As a matter of fact, I had no business in
the roundhouse, but the incessant click of
the keys rang in my ears, and a few
moments after dinner in the shade of the
circular building proved quite an enjoy-
able respite. Moreover, I had railroaded
long enough to learn that not alone from
the mariner, as of yore, are to be gleaned
tales weird, uncanny and thrilling, but that
these knights of the rail, though perhaps
less superstitious, are full of stories as
bristling with interest and a^f. exciting as
any which ever came fi;ora t|i;.5^,seas or the
vivid imagination of the oldt,sea dog. And
when drawn forth, the narrativjc usually
comes in a quiet, ma^ter-x^f^^act, unassum-

ing or even jocular style, which really has
the effect of setting out the intensity of the
facts, like a luminous gem in a dull setting.
Hence it was with considerable interest
that I awaited Jim's compliance with the
request of the yardmaster.

"Yes, it happened up on the De-vide," he
began, after refilling his corn-cob and ex-
hausting a match with several g^ant inhal-
ations. Settling again in his original posi-
tion, leaning his elbows on his knees and
idly picking apart the shreds of a bunch
of waste, he continued:

"Guess you fellers was never up on the
De-vide, was you? Well, you know where
she leaves the main, at Stockton ? Stockton
itself is pretty well up in the air, but the
branch commences to climb right away out
of Stockton, and when you strike Bald
Summit, just east of the tunnel, you're just
about as high as you can get in these" moun-
tains, and in cold weather your pressure'd
go to the bad in a mile if he didn't keep
her roarin*.

"Used to be pretty heavy traffic over the
De-vide in them days, too. Used to loop
most of the westbounds over that way to
ther C. & Q., afore they got through Atlas
and Sand Ridge and hooked up to the F. C.
& W.

"Well, two miles west of Bald Summit
you struck the tunnel. 'Taint much of a
tunnel, but it's got a mean curve in it.
Dips around north about 35 degrees right
near the west end, followin' the general
curve of the mountain. Black as night in
there 'most to the end. Then the hole

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

189

jumps out at you, like it come out of ther
convex wall, and, what's more, you don't
see nothin* outside the hole but sky and
about 30 feet of track, still curvin* north
and runnin' out o' sight behind the north
side of the arch. On the other side the
ground drops off about three foot from
the rail, and say, it's right straight down,
solid rock, Lord knows how far. They
spilt a caboose over there one day. No-
body in it, as luck had it; but, as it would
have been a ten-mile tramp through the
valley to get to where it landed, they left
it 'there. Guess it's there yet — what's left
of it.

"Well, as I said, when you come out of
that tunnel all you see is rail and sky. They
meet right there at the outside rail.

"I was takin' out first 'seventy-six' then,
4:54 a. m., out of Stockton, five day
coaches, a combination, an express and
one Pullman.

"I remember it was the 28th of October.
I backed down and hooked up to *seventy-
six' and the drill pasted the Pullman on the
tail end. Luke Brown came out of the
T. D.*s office and handed me the yellow
paper. There was nothin' west ahead of me
since 'eighteen,' 10 o'clock out o' Stockton
the previous evening, so the T. D. had
practically given me the road, except for
passin' 'forty- four* at Buzzard Creek and
keepin' second 'seventy-six' off my coat-
tails.

**I got the four whistles and tested the
air. Luke gave me the lantern and I
pulled her open. After I picked her up a
few notches, she settled down to business,
and things went pretty regular.

"I made Bald Summit, six, fourteen, on
time, just as it was gettin' light. Then I
let her roll on toward the tunnel. In we
went and you couldn't hear yourself think.
I felt her lay over as she struck the curve,
and peeled my eyes for the hole. Pat Regan,
as used to fire for me, was back in the
tender crackin' coal. Out came the hole
and the patch of sky, but, Jumpin' Joseph,
just outside the tunnel, plumb in the mid-
dle of the track with never a foot of
space to jump to, was a whole section gang,
pickin' and shovelin* ballast. Well, boys,
my heart jumped into my throat, as I shut

off and jammed on the air. I caught the
whistle-cord and pulled her wide, but not
a n[x>ther's son o' them men paid the slightest
attention. There they stood, workin' right
on, with 'seventy-six' climbin* down on
'em, forty miles an hour. I put my hands
over my face and only took 'em down
when I felt the recoil as she came to a dead
stop. Pat had me by the arm and was
lookin' all kinds of questions into my face.
Luke Brown came runnin' up and I climbed
down to the ground.

" 'Well,' said Luke.

" 'Well," said I kind o' grim like.

"'Well,' he repeated, 'What's th' matter?'

" 'Matter ?' I echoed ; how many was
there of 'em? Are any of *em alive?'

"'Many o' what?' said Luke. 'Any o'
who alive?'

" 'You don't mean to say you haven't seen
'em?* said L 'Well, we better get busy.
There's about fourteen or fifteen dead and
maimed men under the wheels. For God's
sake, Luke, don't stand there like that. It's
bad enough, but the Lord knows I couldn't
help it. Right there in front of me as I
came out of the hole, I nearly burnt up th'
rail, but. Lord, I was plumb on top of 'em.*

"We were walkin' back between the cars
and the rock wall on the mountain side of
the train, Luke never sayin' a word and me
stoopin' to squint under th' cars every little
way.

'"Don't see any men,* said Luke as we
got back to the tunnel, where the Pullman
lay half in and half out.

" 'Neither do I,' I said, 'but I plowed into
'em all right; must have knocked 'em all
over the bluff.'

'"Don't see any tools, either,' said Luke,
and somehow I began to feel queer. The
whole crew was out now firin' questions at
me, and I just up an' lit out forward, with
the bunch trailin' on behind.

"I crawled around in front of the en-
gine and looked at the pilot. Never a
scratch on it nor a single sign of any kind
that anything had. come into contact with
it. In fact, the dust lay thick all over it,
and on the coupling bar and air hose. There
was no question about it. We hadn't hit
anything at all, and the crew and several
passengers was a-starin' at me with mouths

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KgaiROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

agape. I knew blame well every mother's
son of 'em was plumb certain that I was
off my base, and I'll be hanged if I didn't
begin to think myself it was gettin' me at
last There was that gang as plain as day,
right in front of th' hole, as I was comin'
out. Here was *seventy-six* standin' still
with the engine a good 150 feet past the
place where they stood, yet not a man to
be seen, not a tool, and never a speck of
dust disturbed on the pilot. I tell you, boys,
I was a bit shaky the rest of the nm. I
climbed back into the cab and pulled five
whistles, got my two from the rear brake
and pulled her open. Luke never said
nothin' about it to the Old Man, and I
didn't either, so I stayed off the carpet, and
I guess nothin' more would have ever come
of it, but for what happened afterwards.

"Along about the middle of November I
still had the same run. I was even yet a
bit on edge about that gang, and whenever
I struck the curve in the tunnel it was all
I could do to keep from shutting her off.

"One morning we swung around at about
the usual speed. This time Pat was on his
perch lookin' ahead when the hole came
into view. He let out a yell and grabbed
the whistle-cord as I shut off and gave her
the air. There was a hand-car with eight
or ten men comin' lickety-split plumb into
the tunnel, and in k came and was lost
to our sight in the dark, all in an instant,
just as we slid out. Did we hit it? No;
same old story. Rolled to a stop outside
the tunnel. No hand-car, no man, no noth-
in.* I looked over at Pat and his face was
white as chalk, except for a cross in coal
dust on his forehead, as he anticipated my
question and said, *Bejabbers, I certainly
saw that one meself.'

"This was a big relief to my mind, in a
way. If Pat saw it too, there was some-

thing to see, and I wasn't so far off my
trolley, after all.

"This time I went up to the Old Man
about it. He called up Pat and the T. D.
and we all talked it over a good deal, with
the result that the T. D. said he would go
out with us himself, on 'seventy-six,* and
see what he could make out of it •

"Nothin* happened after that for a week
or ten days, and the T. D. was commencin'
t' get tired of his job. He ordered me to
slow up in the tunnel and creep out at abou^
five miles an hour.

"One morning I was just opening her up
again cautiously, as the hole came into
view, and there clear as day was a freight
engine and a string of dumpers, headin,
for the hole, exhaustin' at the rate of about
ten miles an hour, but never makin' a
sound or movin* an inch.

"I locked my wheels and we sat starin* at
it, when we began to see that the train
wasn't really restin* on the rails at all, but
about a foot space of clear sky showed be-
tween the bottom of its wheels and our
rails, and while we still sat there open
mouthed, it gradually got thinner and
thinner, and then faded out altogether into
clear sky.

"The T. D. hit it right off. Called it a
'mirage,* and said he seen one once before
down in Arkansas, but it wasn't as good
as this one.

"Pat said it might be 'mirage all right in
Americy,* but where he came from they
called them 'Banshees.'

"Find out where the real train was?"

"Lord no. Might *ve been in Giina.
There's no tellin* how far off in the sky fhe
reflections was, only they just happened to
be in line with the mouth of the tunnel, so
nice as to look, in the hurry, as if they was
plumb on the track."

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S IOURNAi^% 191

Russia, As Seen In Its Workingmen,

BY LEROY SCOTT.
From Th€ fVorltPs tVorA. CopyH^kt 1907, by Doubieday^ Pagt (Sf Co,

|Y cab jolted through long, Count Witte. As to the number of work-
crooked streets Of rutty cobble- men, there are no reliable statistics; once
stones (the gentlest paving ma- upon a time, honest statistics— collected by
terial Russian cities have yet the provincial assemblies, or zemstvos —
discovered), past mosques whose gilded were permitted in Russia; but the Govern-
domes and crosses were afire with the early ment discovered that figures showed un-
November sun, out into the factory district deniably the awful condition of affairs that
which belts Moscow with a palisade of it denied — and so it corrected these condi-
chimneys, and deposited my shaken body tions by forbidding the zemstvos to collect
at the gates of the Prokeroff cotton mill, any more €uch statistics. But it is roughly
I had been embarrassed before by the Rus- known that there are about 2,500,000 fac-
sian hospitality, which is kin to no other tory workers, and it is roughly estimated
hospitality in the world, so completely does that the other workingmen and women (ex-
it give itself to you ; but I was embarrassed elusive of servants) would bring the num-
anew by the cordiality with which the man- ber up to 5,000,000 or 6,000,000— this out of
ager of the Prokeroff mill received me, un- 140,000,000 of population. These workers
known to him and unintroduced, when I are not the children of workingmen — born
had explained my interest. I asked for a with a certain amount of skill in their
few minutes; he gave me six unbroken hands and the habit of rapid work in their
hours, and at their end begged me not to blood. They are, largely, the first genera-
go. Such is the Russian way. tion of workers; and, largely, peasants to
Little need be said about the Prokeroff whom the factory way still seems a strange
factory, through whose dozens of build- way ; whose traditions and impulses are not
ings, sprawling over eighty acres, Mr. Ma- of factory and city, but of ages of the plow
linin led me with his ever-fresh courtesy, and of a cramping bit of brown earth,
and little about any other Russian mills. As a nation, the Russians take life with
Their buildings are of a type a century of an Oriental leisure. A very little work,
experience has developed in England and comfortably broken by periods for tea, cig-
America. They are equipped with English arettes, and conversation — thus is made up
and German machinery and are mainly su- the business day. Of their national trait,
perintended by English and German man- the Russian workingman has inherited rich-
agers and foremen. Geographically they are ly. He attacks his task with the energy of
of Russia, but in reality they are of West- a man watching the ash accumulate on his
em Europe. Only in their workmen are vacation cigar. The day before coming to
they in any wise typical of Russia ; and it the Prokeroff mill, while I was in the black-
was my desire to acquaint myself with this smithing department of a sleigh factory,
chief characteristic that led me into Rus- the iron on the anvils had faded from red
sian factories. to gray while the smiths had leaned on
The workingman is of a class new in their hammers and surveyed us; and like-
Russia. In fact, as a class conscious of wise today, in every room into which Mr.
itself, its aims, and its position, it is only Malinln led me, all the men and women
beginning to come into a bewildered exist- who were not geared to a machine dropped
encc. Factories in Russia are a compara- their affairs and gave us their whole at-
tively recent development, and date their tention. That their master's eye was on
most rapid growth no further back than fif- them disturbed them not at all, and he took
teen years to the pernicious stimulation of their stopping as a matter of course. I

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asked a deep-bearded old gray weaver, in a
red blouse whose skirt hung from the bot-
tom of his vest like a broad frill, why they
worked so slowly. He nodded his shaggy
head, and smiled the ingenuous peasant
smile that embraces your heart. "Never
mind— well get there !" he reassured me.
And he went on resting.

This attitude of contemplative delibera-
tion toward work has a cause external to
instinctive Slavic leisure, and this cause lies
in the execrable conditions which Tsardom
has relentlessly inflicted upon Russia, For
ages the peasants have been exploited as
beasts of the fields. Their land was robbed

Russian Church if this condition of little to
do and plenty of time had not fastened up-
on the peasant the habit of working slowly.
One can well think of him as unconsciously
using of his work sparingly that it may last
as long as possible, like famine bread.

This thought filled my mind as Mr. Ma-
linin led me from the dozens of buildings
where his 7,000 people work, to the dozens
of buildings where two-thirds of them eat
and have their shelter. These great bar-
racks were covered with scars, healed with
new brick and mortar, of the revolution of
December, 1905; for these barracks had
been the stronghold of the workingmen's

BRICKMAKERS AT DINNER
Men and women living in factory barracks eat in Juat this fashion

from them and, with their bodies, bestowed
upon government officials to bind the bu-
reaucrats to the Tsar by the common in-
terest of maintaining autocracy; and thus
with their own property, and their own be-
ings, they were compelled to establish and
support the system that crushes them.
When their bodies were returned to them
in 18G1. their lands were not, and they have
been able to buy back at prices that were
a second robbery, only miserably small al-
lotments of their former own— enough to
keep them engaged for perhaps but a third
of their working time. It would be a mir-
acle worthy of all the gilded saints of the

party in that brief and ill-fated struggle for
liberty. The workingmen had attempted
to hold the barracks with a few revolvers
and only seven rifles. The Government had
planted its artillery on a group of neighbor-
ing hills, beyond the reach of futile pistol
bullets, and for two days the safe Soldiery
had at its leisure flung shell and ball among
the workmen. When at length the work-
ing people tried to flee this awful fire, men,
women, children, even babies, were shot
down or cut down with Cossack swords;
the captured were shot in groups of fifteen
and thirty; a doctor or a nurse who dared
show mercy to the wounds of a fugitive

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met instantly the common fate ; and through
this district dedicated to industry the dead
lay on the ground like leaves of autumn.
Thus did the Government teach the work-
ingmen of Russia to commit no more the
crime of wanting freedom.

The system of housing workingmen
and workingwomen in barracks prevails
throughout Russia, and constitutes one of
the chief characteristics, and chief evils, of
Russian industrialism. The system owes
its existence mainly to the fact that separ-
ate dwellings for factory workers, or houses

not alone in Russia that the machines are
housed better than the men. I followed
my host into one of the buildings and found
myself in a large hall, perhaps forty by
seventy feet, dusky although the sun was
at its wintbr best, and jammed tight with
cots marked off by little alleys. I counted
13 beds in the room — boards laid upon
trusses, a bag of straw for a mattress, a
brown blanket, somc?times a sheet, some-
times not. A cot, the space beneath it, a
nail for clothes in the wall above it — such
was each workman's "home." Here and

ROAD-MAKERS CRUSHING STONE
The stono to be crushed is held between their feet, 'which are bound in rags

containing individual apartments, hardly
exist; and they do not exist for the very
good reason that if they did the low wages
of the workers would not permit the pay-
ment of an adequate rental. So the fac-
tory that wants workmen must provide
them a home — for which, of course, the
workmen pay out of their wages.

The barracks, which were grouped about
a clay yard, differed not from the factory
buildings, save that the stories were lower
and the windows much smaller; but it is

there was a chromo, and here and there
above the cot of some workman who had
not cast off his religion, as most workmen
do, gleamed a cheap ikon; but for the rest
the walls maintained a dinginess uniform
with the great surface of brown blankets.
On several of the cots, huddled beneath
their blankets and fully dressed save for
coat and shoes, lay some of the men of the
night shift. I passed hall after hall like
this, some for men, some for women; and
I was shown little rooms, about eight feet

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square, set aside for married workers. Each
room was furnished with two narrow beds,
nothing else, and was occupied by two
couples. Calico curtains around each bed
symbolized, as in early drama, the privacy
of home. The general impression of the
barracks on me was that of a Bowery lodg-
ing-house, though the former was at ad-
vantage in the matter of cleanliness; and
I had to remind myself over and over that
those who lived here were not bums, were
not social dregs, but were honest workers
who did their nine and ten hours a day.

At length I was brought into a hall much
larger, much dingier, than any I had yet
seen. It was the men's dining room. Clear
to the dusky distance of its farther end,
ran row on row of long tables and long

they bit from chunks of black bread. Cab-
bage soup and black bread, with a hominy
made from barley, and with infrequent lit-
tle squares of meat, compose the bill of fare
year in and out. This dining room, as also
the women's, was run by the work-people
on the cooperative basis, under the direc-
tion of the factory, and I was told that the
daily cost to each person was about ten
cents.

A bunk in a lodging-house, black bread,
and sour cabbage soup! I wondered how
long an American workman would be satis-
fied with such fare!

But I am not making black criticism up-
on the ProkeroflF factory. Far otherwise.
What I have written has been extremest
praise. For I have been in no factory

R USSIAN WASHERWOMEN
Rinsing clothes through a hole chopped in ice of the Volga. They said they were paid 25 and 30 kopeks a day

benches, rough, greasy, brown from years
of use. Fifteen hundred men could here
sit together at meals; and back in the brief
period of fancied liberty following on the
Tsar's manifesto, 7,000 would crowd in to
listen to the voices of freedom — the ora-
tors being afterwards sent to the snow re-
gions of Siberia for their active belief in
the Tsar's promise of free speech. Now,
as I looked on, only a hundred or two
hundred were at their dinner — gathered at
tables in groups of seven. Each group cen-
tred about a large wooden bowl from
which each member ladled a sour cabbage
soup into his mouth with a large wooden
spoon — a form of communistic ealting that
prevails among workingmen and peasants
throughout Russia. Between spoonfuls.

barracks in Russia that were better; often
the workman's bunk has been a double-
decker, and cleanliness a virtue tmexer-
cised. As for the cabbage soup and black
bread, four-fifths of Russia taste nothing
else; and thirty of its starving millions, in
the great region of famine, have not even
that. And as bad as the barracks are, it
must be admitted that the workmen are
better oflF there than in any other home
their wages could afford.

I asked a Moscow carpenter — a rarely
intelligent workman, well read, a leader
and an orator among his fellows — how
much he made a day. "One place I made
two roubles (a dollar). But that was only
once," he added quickly. "Usually I make
a rouble and twenty-five or forty kopeks."

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This I found to be the ordinary wage of a
skilled workman. Carpenters, masons, and
workmen of similar trades, who in Ameri-
can centres of industry make four and five
dollars a day, are here paid from sixty to
eighty cents, with about ninety cents or a
dollar as the maximum for the exceptional
man. In the factories the men are paid,
according to their skill and the character
of their work, from thirty to sixty cents a
day, and women from fifteen to thirty, with
slightly higher rates for work demanding
extraordinary training. A dollar a day is
to the average Russian workman what five

and in St. Petersburg alone there are over
25,000 of thfese drivers), many have told
me they do not average $1.50 a week, and
on some days are not the better off by a
single kopek. And as for domestic work-
ers, a good cook gets from $5 to $6 a
month; an ordinary servant from $2.50 to
$3.50; and I found laundry women, their
hours from seven to seven, washing clothes
through holes chopped in the ice of the
Volga for twelve and fifteen cents a day.

Low wages usually mean low prices, but
rules of political economy, like rules of
justice, work by contraries in Russia. The

BOYS EMPLOYED IN A LOCK FACTORY
Their only wac«« were their board (chiefly bUck bread and cabbaee soup) and their bed*— irusaes of straw on boards

dollars is to the average American— the
limit of what he can hope to attain. Only
a very skilled man in a very skilled trade,
a rarely fine watchmaker for instance, can
reach the supremacy of $1.50 or $2 a day.
Of the unskilled, you can have all you
want for twenty-five cents — and more than
you want, for they are unskilled indeed.
The policeman, despised of all, belongs in
this class, and is paid accordingly — from
$7 to $12 a month. As for the drivers of
the jolting little cabs and the whizzing little
sleighs that take the place of street-cars
(for Russia is practically street-earless;

American workman's dollar will buy as
much in New York or Chicago as the Rus-
sian workman's two roubles in Moscow or
St. Petersburg. This wide disparity be-
tween^ wages and prices forces the Russian
workman to eat foods that the stomach of
his American fellow would never accept,
and to regard an entire room for his family
as ultimate luxury. These high prices are
the result of many causes. The Govern-
ment's indirect taxes are exceedingly
heavy; on tea, for example, the tax is 40
cents a pound on all grades; and of tea
Russian workmen drink vast quantities—

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weak, scalding hot. Russian merchants are
notorious practitioners of fraud: to an-
nounce their bankruptcy, when they are not
only solvent but rich, and pay to creditors
20 or 30 per cent, is the commonest of cus-
toms; and, of course, the creditors make
good their losses by applying higher prices
to their other patrons — and in the end the
bankrupt's gain is scraped from the ema-
ciated purse of the common buyer. Be-
sides, the merchant thinks 100 per cent a
moderate profit, and 200 per cent not be-
yond his deserts; while at 50 per cent —
well, at 50 per cent he might as well be
out of business. As for the factories, 20 to
25 per cent is a not uncommon dividend —
though, to be sure, many of the factories
whos? existence is due to the artificial
stimulation of Count Witte have had to
shut down from lack of any profit at all.
So, what with the factory that pays him
little and the merchant that charges him
much, and what with the Government that
takes his money for spies to spy on him,
gendarmes to search his home, prisons to
allay his yearnings for freedom, soldiery to
shoot him down, the Russian workman
(and every plain citizen, as well) is picked
as clean as a bone.

I asked a labor leader if the workman
had the virtue of saving. '*Save! What
have they to save?" he demanded. That
they can lay nothing aside makes a suc-
cessful strike for better conditions very
difficult, even when the Government does
not interfere with its soldiers. Ordinarily,
striking workmen can stand out for three
or four or five days, but no longer. It is
then starve or work. And the low wages
beget an even greater tragedy. When their
working days are over there is not a kopek
for their remaining years. If they have not
relatives with extra kopeks (and such rela-
tives are as rare as governmental mercy),
there is but one way to keep life in their
bodies — ^to stand in the streets, hand out-
.stretched, and call down blessings upon the
passers-by. No country it has been my
fortune to visit has Russia's richness in
beggars.

The Russian workman has almost none
of the American workman's defiant inde-
pendence of spirit. He is ^ood-natured,

kindly, affectionate: qualities that seem the
natural complements of his leisurely meth-
od of work. In him love of the land is
strong. A very large part of the workmen
expect to return to the country in that
golden day when their land is given back
to them. That their land would be re-
turned has been the peasants' dream for
generations; formerly they believed that
their father, the Tsar, would grant its
restitution; but the Tsar is no longer the
divine figure, a little lower than (jod, that
they long considered him, and they are
now beginning to look to the revolution to
restore them their inheritance. How strong
is this sense of brothership to the land is
shown by the custom among factory work-
ers of going back to their village in the
spring to help in the farm work, returning
to the factories in the autumn when the
crops are in. That so many of them regard
city work as a makeshift operates against
the development of a higher efficiency.

The parties of the revolution range, in
their programs, from socialism in modera-
tion to the full socialistic belief. But the
workmen, though certainly among the rev-
olutionary forces, are not, in the mass, so-
cialistic. They are but just pushing up
through the age-long Russian blackness;
they are but freshly and dimly aware that
as human beings, they have the right to
higher conditions of living than now are
theirs. But as yet they have attained to no
scheme of how things should be — ^their
ideals do not reach far beyond shorter
hours, personal freedom, more comfortable
living. They are beginning to waken to
the idea that perhaps they have the power
to drag themselves up to these better con-
ditions, but they have not yet sufficient coit-
fidence in self, sufficient collective energy,
to make a large and successful trial. For
centuries the Government has closed them
off from all development ; for centuries the
Church has taught that God made them
poor and ignorant, and to seek to change
their condition was to disobey God's will.
Their initiative was never allowed birth :
so for new things that they have desired
they have looked to their masters — God and
the Tsar, rarely to themselves. The en-
forced inertia of ages, the instinctive ie-
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197

pendence on others, are not to be thrown
entirely off in one day, even in one genera-
tion. But the Russian workman is slowly
shaking himself free.

The night after I visited the Prokeroff
factory, I was given glimpses into the life
that exists outside of mills and barracks.
My conductor was a self-educated leader
of workingmen named Polakoff; he had
had a score of names before and doubtless
has a new one now — a black-haired, black-
bearded, black-eyed young fellow, rich-
voiced, gentle of manner. He was an "il-
legal ;" that is, a person without a passport.
Without a passport, a man can sleep in
no Russian hotel; and only a very daring
comrade will give him refuge for a night,
for a host who lets a friend sleep in his
house and does not give advance notice to
the police thereby makes himself a crimi-
nal. Two years before, my conductor had
been guilty of some such heinous matter

as talking about a representative govern-
ment. He had been imprisoned and, of
course, his passport was confiscated. He
had soon escaped, but since to apply to the
police for a new passport would be to walk
straight back into prison, he had lived the
two years without a passport. During these
two years he literally had no where to
lay his head. Hardly ever had he slept
two successive nights in the same place;
hardly ever had he known in advance
whose floor would next give him rest; and
often, lacking a place to sleep, he had
walked the streets all night. Naturally, one
leading so irregular a life, and hunted by
the police, could not, and dare not, work
steadily; so he was poorly dressed and half
starved. His case is not a peculiar one;
thousands of Russia's most intelligent, most
devoted citizens live the same cur-of-the-
street life.

Before They Come.

BY FELIX J. KOCH.

Editor's Note:— The present immigration agitation is being considered almost wholly from our Amer-
ican end. Mr. Koch has made a trip to the homes of the various emigrants, as these were, be/ore they
left the fatherland.

|E were riding inland from the
Danube over the low, flat, un-
interesting Roumanian plains.
We had a pass from the dis-
trict capital secured on the strength of our
letters of recommendation from the De-
partment of State to the diplomatic service
abroad, otherwise we could not even have
stopped off in these villages. So eager
for revolt is the Roumanian peasantry to-
day, that the King has made a rule that no
stranger may stop in a village of either
Moldavia or Wallachia, without a govern-
mental pass.

Suddenly, out on the plain, there arose
billows, such as one sees in the sand wastes
along the Southern Pacific. Gradually as
we approached, these billows became cones,
and then actual hillocks. They seemed
alive with dogs and children.

"Roum, Romany," our guide explained,
and we were at the gipsy town. From
these, — from Paropan and Mai, and the
rest of them, — Uncle Sam's future voters *
come.

We wanted to visit them in their homes.
We dismounted before a cottage. Imagine
a little cellar-hole dug down say just high
enough for a man to stand erect. Over
this hole two eaves, of rough boughs in-
terwoven as our American Indians used to
weave. On this, above, the earth piled just
high enough to keep the rain out of the
boughs. This, and possibly some sod that
has sprouted. There you have the home of
the gipsy.

We will pass inside. The entry is of this
arcade, whitewashed over perhaps in a
wash with just the faintest, most delicate
blue. Everything, like everybody, is blue

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in Roumania. House walls of the peas-
antry, windows of the city folk, drosky
drivers' uniforms, all are blue, as are the
costumes of the country folk. The floor
down here — for we are under ground at
once — is of the bare mother earth. The
chamber is low, the roof slopes, and the
thatch is moldy and putrid.

We make out the fittings-up as we can
in the gloom. A hearth and two cats. A
table standing on legs six inches long, about
which all sit, on the earth, for their meals,
against one wall. There are tiny chairs,

is whitewashed over, save for the thatch
up in the eaves. The floor, however, is
again of earth, and on tt is a bench covered
with cloth for garments. There are one
or two more of the chests — with clothing,
grain and food-stuffs. On these, blankets
are stacked. An oven of earth, packed
hard, heats and serves for cooking. Over
it, a man in blue and white gingham shirt,
very long and hanging down over his white
trousers, putters, bare-foot Over his
shoulder a brown coat is slung, on his head
he wears a black hat.' A brown-skinned.

READY TO LEAVE FOR AMERICA

for the elders of the family when seated at
this table. A chest, of tin coating, such as
you, reader, may find in your kitchen maid's
bedroom, is in evidence.

Off to one side there opens another room.
This is very dark, for it runs into the
sloping mud bank. It is the stable, and
there is a cow, some swine and geese in it.
Just a little window up in the peak, like the
windows of a Cantonese fisherman's home,
admit one ray of daylight.

Across from it, on the other side of the
living room, is another home room. This

brown-eyed wife, with a white 'kerchief
about her head, but not over the chin, as is
the custom with the Wallach women helps
at the work. She has a white waist, blue
skirt and black apron. That is absolutely
her entire costume, save for a string of
corals round the neck. A boy in white
pajamas and a high white alpaca cap, is
sitting on the ground. The other children
are playing with the dogs outside.

At night, one and all gather in the hovel.
By day, they are out working in the onion
fields of some landed proprietor, or loung-

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199

ing. When they tire of this situation they
will move.

Learning? They have not even a written
language. Their talk is of its own origin,
but only the chiefs can tell whence. They
are nomads and work where they find it.
When it becomes irksome they move on.

We will continue on, up the endlessly
long turnpike in Romany. We will quit
the Danube and go still farther into the
interior, where the Vlachs are found.

Remember, today practically all of our im-
emigrants are from the southeast of Europe.

the charge of an intendant. The situation
is a replica of that in France just before the
Revolution. The intendant takes his
squeeze from his master, and a greater
squeeze from the peasant. When his
weights are crooked and they complain, he
refuses to hire them next season. So they
must either be cheated or starve, or else
come to America. There they may get
city positions, street laborers, and either be
cheated or starve. Only, the cheating docs
not seem quite so great.
But now and then this hate against the

MOTHER AND CHILD, BUCHAREST

They are largely Roumanians and Bulgars.
So we wish to visit the Roumanian home
of our future fellow citizen. By and by
we come to a tremendously long, stupend-
ously high hay stack. We never saw such
a hay stack in all of our lives. It rises up
like some ruin of a fallen palace, or else
like the fabled roc's egg of legend. Its
reason we learn from our guide.

All the land of Roumania has fallen
into the hands of the great proprietors.
This one leases it out on shares to the
peasant. Meanwhile he lives in Bucharest,
or belter, Paris, and leaves his affairs in

intendant breaks out in incendiarism. They
fire his home, and what is more important
still, they fire his grain, for grain is the
great output of peasant Roumania. So
the law has provided that the land owner
may force the peasants to put their crops
with his in one great stack, just on the
outskirts of the village. Then in case of
incendiarism, one and all suffer in propor-
tion, and so it becomes everyones* business
to guard against such revenge.

Beyond the stack we see the village. The
houses seem of stucco, white, with an edg-
ing of blue to all walls. In th«--fear thej

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plastered out-buildings are green or laven-
der, on a surface of a'dobe. The village —
take, let us say, Sblobozta, as typical — is
one of many dwellings.

Everything is most primitive. The white
houses stand out in the sun-light and hide
from us the rest. The majority are of just
the plain brown mud, covered over with
willow withes, in a peculiar network. Thi^
mud is then again smoothed over these,
into a brown, even surface, or else left in
the rough. You remember the Dahomey
village at the World's Fair ? It is a counter-

goes and red peppers, to dry. These are
the principal articles of food. At one point
we see a cow on a porch, basking in the
shadows thrown by a string of onions,
hung to dry.

We stop and enter a dwelling. Just in-
side the door, on a floor of earth is a fire,
built beside the great earth oven where the
bread is baked. When not in use, the oven
is covered wkh a matting of willow, which
is the most ubiquitous household article in
the land. The mattings are homemade —
you can buy them for from six cents to

ON A MARKET DAY

part of these. The roofs are of willow sap-
lings, laid side by side. A few of the
houses have, in addition, bunches of "Hun-
garian grass" on the top, whose fluffy
blooms add to the primordial appearance.
All of the huts are one-story, all of one
or two rooms.

Along the street extends a fence of the
brown willow basketry, just like in an Afri-
can village. Back from it, then, run the
"yards" for every house has a good sized
garden. Across these, on the porches, un-
der the sloping front roof, are strung man-

twenty-four. The house is of the withes,
covered with mud, and inside this then, is
coated in the pale blue whitewash. The
effect is strikingly clean and pretty. We
stop on the door step a moment to survey
it. Then we peep back at the portico we
have crossed. Just the natural earth, of
course, with four narrow poles supporting
the roof. To these poles hang a coat of
sheep-skin, worn fur-side in in the winter,
and out the rest of the year. Also, more
strings of red peppers, a basket and a bird
cage. Here, too, there is a bench with

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sticks. About it are the dogs, with which
the village swarms. They are interbred
with wolves, and quite fierce. Their pur-
pose is to serve as scavengers.

Before stepping within, as in a Japanese
home, we leave our shoes (our slippers
were we Roumans) at the door. Inside,
everyone goes barefoot. Again the floor of

autumn. Above opens a great chimney,
with a shelf all about. On the shelf stand
plates, of coarse white porcelain, orna-
mented by cheap patterns, pitchers of blue,
platters and a lamp, rarely used, because of
the cost of the oil.

Our eyes grow accustomed to the light,
and the walls seem to take on a yellowish

A TUNNEL HOME. COMMON AMONG THE GYPSIES

earth cools our soles as we tread it. Even
over in the comer where a fire of corn-cobs
bums, it is damp and cold. There, there
hangs an iron kettle, as in a New England
farmhouse in which leaves are cooking
and twigs are parboiled, being held down
by a small rock. To one side are the bits
of wood, which the faggotters gather in the

tint. They are spotted— with hundreds of
flics. Never anywhere, not even in a Ken-
tucky hotel, have we seen so many flies on
a wall as here in the Roumanian houses.
Over in a corner, where a shelf of tin pans
has place, they are settling on the wooden
pan covers. A platter of green mangoes,
the great staple food, is in no wise pro-
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tected against them. American fly paper is
sold in the Balkan cities, but the peasants
are too poor to buy.

The housewife shows us about. Behind
the door hangs the sack which she wears
on her back on the semi-annual visit to
town to make purchases. She, herself, is
attractive in costume. A purple skirt, cut

fomia, the Portuguese children from Horta
throw poppies into the 'bus, in imitation
of the home-land custom. So, at the
gipsy village, our hostess gave us a dah-
lia. But here among the Roumans,
they go one better. They offer us their
simple fare. The food, almost the only
food, is the manalega, a brew of maize

STREET SCENE IN BUCHAREST

high above the bare feet, a waist of blue
sacking, a coat lined inside with fur, a
head 'kerchief of lavender — the dye for
which she is cooking, while she spins be-
side the fire. No other colors than the tea
from this shrub, which is cooked until the
bark peels, are employed by these women.
On the road up Mt. Hamilton, in Cali-

meal. This is put in a kettle and mixed,
then boiled until half ways soft, when it is
eaten. There is very little bread, scarcely
any. There is practically no meat at all.
They never slaughter in the village — for
meat you go to the next town. Sheep-
cheese is often eaten, especially at noon.
The men folk— they are conspicuous by
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their absence. They are now working in
the fields. Everyone lives in villages. The
men and women and children go out, at
sun-up, to gamer com. The housewife car-
ries dinner to them, or now and then they
may come home. In the former case the
mother of the family will take out roasted
mangoes, and, if they be exceptionally well-
to-do— bread.

"What is there more? Heahh," she an-
swers.

Over in a comer are the spinning utensils
for the winter, when the black goods are
woven and worked. There, too, is one of

there is a flat double bench, covered in a
blue, brown and green-striped cloth. This
is the bed, and here, at one end, rest the
wool and the spindles. At the foot are
piled the covers and sheets, these resting
against a green, gaudy, wooden tmnk.
About that more piles of blankets stand
high, for use in the cruel winters. There
are two windows, with a shelf between, and
on this such trinkets as toy dogs, a cup of
flowers and imitation apples stand. The
windows have iron bars, as have all in
Roumania.
Against another wall hang the wife's Sun-

THE GYPSIES' DWELLING

those low tables, to which one sits on the
ground.

We pass into the next chamber. The
earth floor here is very damp. The walls
arc covered with white cloth that has ruffle
on ruflUe of lace. Below the lace will be a
fringe of alternate red and yellow-striped
cloth, much as a tapestry, and giving a far
cozier atmosphere than would wall paper.
Over on one wall there is a gilt icon, with
an embroidered towel draped about. High
above it is a shelf of a single fanciful col-
ored platter. At the foot of the same wall

day garments. In a comer is the stove, and
a tiny chair, made to fit the table. Other
clothes, the husband's, hang along the wall,
across from them hang the rest of the
wife's. A shirt that is worn day and night
is noticeable in the lot.

The women of these homes wed at six-
teen, the men at twenty-one. Three to
seven children are the average. Years ago
the govemment divided land among them.
But as the families increased, and the
wives always come to live with the hus-
band's family and so till his fi4ds, the little
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plots grow more and more unable to sup-
port them. The taxes are high, commodities
dear.

"We are like the buffalo, (their draught
animal) they load us, and load us, until
we fall, and then we must bear on or
perish.'* It is pitiful — this picture.

There is another, while we are still in
Roumania. That is the Rouman Jew.

We meet him especially in the big cities,
Bucharest and Jassy. He is a curious anom-
aly. In the country he is no citizen, except
only the very wealthy of his species, who
could find means to purchase franchise by a
direct vote of the Parliament. He is no
citizen, and yet he may not leave the coun-
try without great bribery. So, he too, feels
the hand of persecution heavy upon him.

So they come.

"Humanity Robbing Itself Of The Full Life."

JOSE GROS.

I CERTAIN governmental inves-
tigation has recently discovered
something that had been well
known for a number of years.
Yes, we all knew that a genius had man-
aged to quietly absorb the absolute or prac-
tical control of about one-third of our rail-
road transportation, along the most import-
ant-and rich sections, and so had become the
master of business resting on a capitaliza-
tion of five billions of dollars in bonds and
stocks. In forms more or less direct he
fixes the wages of several millions of work-
ers and determines the prices of a large
share of the products we need to consume.
He can make some localities flourish and
others languish. He can benefit some, to
the extent he may like or be convenient to
him, and can crush the many where that
may be indispensable to the prosperity of
some, himself included. He can keep crowds
of people awake at night, because of the
unnatural business turns he can produce.
He can raise values here and depress them
there. He may do all that in the form of
a beneficent despot, when that suits him
best

The conservative press says that we
Americans are not even willing to have
beneficent despots. Somehow or other we
seem to placidly get along with all kinds
of despots, provided we have large num-
bers of them, and they give to some of. us
some chance, however remote, of now and
then getting into the upper ring of some

gambling combinations. We only howl
against our industrial despots when the
turn of the gambling wheel is not favorable
to us.

At least another first class beneficent
despot have we, controlling another set of
five billions in different industrial branches.
For details see The Bricklayer and Mason
for December, copied from "Exchange."
Let us add the U. S. Steel Company, with
its control of about two billions. There
w^have twenty-five per cent of the capi-
tal of the nation under three extra com-
pact organizations, dictating the conditions
under which not less than 15 millions of
supposed free men, women and children
shall have to live. Many more millions are
indirectly affected by the standard of prices
that those three combinations have the
power to fix, as ordained by the laws of
our sovereign people, sovereign yet loaded
with the chains of that political freedom
that decrees the most idiotic, and painful,
and degrading industrial slavery the earth
ever saw.

Below the three combinations we have
specified and the many more we have not,
we have the perpetual mother combination,
peculiar to each nation and to every age.
That is a loose and semi-chaotic combina-
tion embracing a vast multitude of monop-
olists and gamblers and intriguers for the
purpose of getting a large or small share
of the labor fund which is due to useful,
honest workers, and to nobody^^se. And
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to them it would go if we, the modern na-
tions and churches of the earth, with the
accumulated wisdom of 62 centuries of hu-
man development, if we saw fit to be sensi-
ble and honest towards each other, with
the honesty we preach to each other and
drop down and trample under feet in the
most important luies of human collective
conduct.

None of the compact, well organized and
concentrated forms of monopoly rule,
against which society revolts, now and
then, could at all rise and live if society
should not commence by allowing and fos-
tering the loose and crude monopoly rule
mother combinaticm mentioned in our pre-
vious paragraph. Suppress that broad, ex-
tensive, poisonous viper, thus far the pri-
mal curse of all nations, giving to a large
proportion of the people in each generation
the power, in forms important or insignifi-
cant, to control the natural domain, irre-
spective of proper use, thus preventing the
rest from exercising their right to hold
their own share, of that natural domain;
suppress that iniquity, and a sound social
environment would be at once established.
Somehow or other no generation of good
men has ever been good enough to see that
abominable social wrong of monopoly in
natural resources, made more and more
fatal by the fact of 15 or 20 per cent of the
people being more or less the beneficiaries
of that social iniquity. The greater the
number of people who may profit by any
process of legalized industrial and social
robbery, the more sinful the whole nation
becomes. Why not?

There we have just the mean and wicked
aberration by which humanity, under the
leadership of the supposed best minds in
each nation and generation, has robbed all
men of the full life for which a God of
beauty supreme created them, that full life
to commence, of course, on earth. Why
not? Any other conception of God is
blasphemous.

We may have had good intentions
enough, we choice fellows. We have cer-
tainly done all we could, in the shape of
wealth and fancies, to have something of a
life, but — what a miserable life even we
ourselves have had, are yet having, in com-
»— 1

parison with what has been promised to all
of us! Do we know anything about the
peace that passeth all understanding? We
don't know anything about any kind of
peace. We know a great deal about the
sickness, and cares and turmoils created by
our own collective selfishness and despic-
able ambitions.

Perhaps the fundamental cause of hu-
manity's incongruous development, even
when at its best, is that thus far, all relig-
ions, as conceived and practised by most
men, if not all, have been — '^aggregations
of mere sentimentalities, emotions and
idealisms, never-teaching, in forms posi-
tive, precise, scientific, the tangible, simple
processes with which to carry into all act-
ual life, personal and public, private and
collective or social, the solemn decrees of
God and His creation."

Somehow or other education is yet cow-
ardly enough to refuse telling men, as it
should, the following fact: "All the miser-
able complications and repulsive absurdi-
ties to be found in all directions, come from
the disgraceful fact and crime of the laws
of all nations by which we all insist upon
keeping in force the principle of wholesale
robbery in all the most essential industrial
relations of the human family."

As the individual dies and the nation re-
mains, so evil as a permanent factor in the
lives of millions of men through centuries,
evil as such can only keep germinating,
rising and growing through hidden, intense,
respectable selfishness, incorporated in the
compact of nations, forcing all men to live
in defiance of the simple, enjoyable, unself-
ishness of the natural and divine plan of
human existence.

We can now see the process by which
alone we all can stop the insane job of
robbing humanity of the full life for which
humanity must have been created by God,
unless He should be a monstrosity in lieu
of the Father of all glory, as He evidently
is.

We could forever establish the gorgeous
divine plan of human development with
but a fragment of the efforts we are con-
stantly wasting to keep alive our mean and
nonsensical plan of human growth. When
shall we be bright enough to see that?

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The Light Of Number Six.

|IM WATERS threw his weight
against the throttle, set the air
brakes and opened the sand
ports.

"What's the matter?" shouted the fire-
man, craning his neck over the arched
back of Old Mogul.

"Red light ahead I" shouted Waters in re-
ply.

The N., L & R. flier had just rounded
a long curve and was bearing down on
timnel No. 6.

"Queer," muttered Waters, as he set the
reversing lever and slowly opened the
throttle. 'That's a bull's eye, but there
ain't no switch at No. 6."

"Say," bellowed the fireman, ''that light
is twenty feet from the track."

"I know it," Waters yelled back, "but
it's red an' I can't pass it

The big eight-wheeler, with its load of
seven heavy passenger coaches bumping
behind, gradually came to a full stop,
and Waters saw that the warning red was
gleaming from the bull's eye of a regulation
switch lantern sitting on a gate post a few
feet to the right of the track.

"That's where Ed. Marsden's widow
lives," said Waters, as he and the fireman
climbed out of the cab. "Whafs that be-
hind the post?"

"Something white, but blamed If I can
make it out."

"Well, sidetrack me if it ain't a kid.
It's Ed. Marsden's kid, an' out here in
its nighty. What you doin' out here with
that lantern, sonny?"

"Has you dot Sanny Loss on your chu-
chu car?" asked a golden haired little tot,
his teeth chattering from the cold.

"Well, I'll be eternally damned!" ex-
ploded the fireman. "Is that what you held
up the flier for, kid?"

"What's the trouble, Jim?" anxiously in-
quired the conductor, who led the crew
a race to the front of the tr^in.

"This kid's flagged the flier to see if
Santa Oaus was aboard," interposed the
fireman.

"Well, one of you hustle him up to the
house and let's get out of here. We are
twenty minutes behind, any way."

"I don't know so much about gettin' out
of here in a hurry," said Waters, his brow
wrinkling in perplexity. "This thing's givin'
me a queer feelin.' Mebby I'm a flat
wheeled loon, but I've got a notion that
the good Lord don't send bare-footed babies
out on cold January nights lookin' for
Santa Claus with a red lantern unless He's
got a mighty good reason. Behind or not,
I ain't goin' to turn a wheel till I see what's
up ahead."

"You're a fool, Jim," growled the con-
ductor. "You will be on the carpet for
this and it will mean at least six months."

"I don't care if it's six years," replied
Waters, doggedly, "I'm goin' to see."

He hurried back to his engine, and,
lighting a torch, dashed off down the
track toward the tunnel.

"This youngster ought to be spanked,"
growled the conductor. "Where did you
get that lantern, anyway?" he contmued,
turning fiercely on the shivering child.

"My muwer put it on the winnow so
Sanny would stop and give me a rocky
boss. Has you dot it on your chu-chu
cars?"

"No I" Fhouted the conductor. *This is
not a Christmas train, Christmas was a
month ago, any way. What kind of fool
tricks has your mother been teaching you ?"

"We's poor, an' Sanny didn't leave me
a rocky boss; but ma says maybe he will
have one lef o^er, an' he mig^t bring it
when he goes back home."

"Well, why the devil didn't you leave
the lantern in the window? What did you
want to tottle out here with it for? Just
see what you have 'done I"

The little golden head sunk on the. child's
breast and two shining tears trickltd down
his cheeks.

"I finked Sanny wouldn't see it, so I
just brung it down to the gate."

"Here conies Jim," interrupted the fire-
man.

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"I guess he has satisfied his fool notiot
and we can get going again," grunted the
conductor, turning to watch the light of the
torch as it bobbed up and down. Waters
was running at top speed, and when he
dashed up to them they saw that his face
was deathly white and his whole frame was
trembling.

"What is it Jim?" asked the fireman and
conductor in one breath.

"The whole damn roof of No. 6 is
down!" gasped Waters.

"What!" shouted the conductor, grasp-
ing the engineer's arm and shaking him as
if trying to awaken him out of a dream.

The fireman wilted like a rag and sank
to his knees.

"Good God!" he cried, "and we making
sixty-five miles down grade!"

"Sixty-five miles an hour to death !" mut-
tered the engineer. "Fifteen seconds more
an'— Where's the kid?"

Pulling himself together he made for the
little barefooted boy who stood shivering
by the gate and, catching him in his arms,
he hugged him to his breast.

"God bless you, kid; God bless you!" hci
muttered.

He bent over the child and a great tear
dropped on the golden head.

"Well, this is a mess," exclaimed the
conductor, with a gesture of despair. "We'll
have to hustle back to Brunswick and get
into communication with headquarters
pretty quick. Here, Davis, there won't be
any work for the baggageman on. the run
back; you take the kid up to the house.

"When we do get. into touch with 'quar-
ters," declared the engineer, handing the
little boy over to the baggageman, "Fm
goin' to donate a month's pay to this kid's
Christmas, even if it is a month late."

"Me, too," said the conductor. "But get
aboard everybody; the express will be com-
ing down on the other side in an hour, and
we've got to get her word before she passes
Salisbury."

Everyone kissed the baby goodby and
then scrambled aboard the train. The bag-
gageman held him up while he waved a
last farewell and the train backed away.

"All God's angels ain't in heaven," mut-
tered Waters, as he wiped away a tear
and squinted at the steam gauge. — New
York Herald. •

Child Labor Becoming An Issue.

I HE child labor evil has reached
such proportions that it must
be met or the country must pre-
pare to assume the consequences
of raising a set of people dwarfed mentally
and physically because it did not have the
courage to protect its children from the
employers of labor who realized their busi-
ness successes in the lives of their child
employes and at the sacrifice of the future.
The child workers are particularly niun-
erous in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ala-
bama, Georgia, North and South Carolina,
Rhode Island and Massachusetts and, it is
fair to believe that the census of 1900, from
which the figures have been taken, docs not
commence to show the number of children
employed in these states. It is estimated

that there are 60,000 children at work in
the Southern mills, that 10,000 children
work in the mines of Pennsylvania, and no
one attempts to guess how many children
go to make up the mass to be fotmd in in-
dustries and stores, offices and the like.
The messenger service alone employs
many thousands of little boys and girls who
must suffer morally from the nature of
their employment.

Senator Beveridge has started to work
for the protection of the child worker by
way of national legislation which is to be
applied to all products transported by inter-
state carriers. This law, if enacted, would
not catch the small fry, but it would get
the big fish, and through them the law
might be re-enforced by state laws covering

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the question of child labor, for the large
employer does not countenance any advant-
ages that may come to his smaller co-em-
ployer and can be looked for to enforce the
law not only against his own kind and also
to seek its extension to all manufacture.
There is much opportunity for evasion of
the proposed law, but it is not expected
that the large manufacturers will try to
dodge it if it is passed. Their first effort
will be to oppose the law in Congress. The
patriots will all be there to defend the child-
ren and to prevent the enactment of the
law because, "the children must be pro-
tected in their right of contract" or some
such other rot with which we are all more
or less familiar.

The December issue of the Arena had an
article on child labor from Elinor H. Stoy,
from which we quote. She said in part:
* * *

Jane Welch has told of seeing children
bright and precocious taken from school
at the age of eight and ten years and put
to work in order that thirty or forty cents
a week might be added to the wages of
parent or guardian. These wretched
little ones spent ^their nights and days
carrying pails of water on their heads,
shearing fag ends of glass bottles, carry-
ing bottles and chimneys from white-
heated ovens, until every vistage of child-
hood was wiped out There were no child-
ish voices, no quick ears, no keen eyes ; they
were stamped with animalism. Mr. Piex-
otto says this is true in San Francisco.
When the Consul remonstrated with par-
ents, he was met with, "But we must all
work or we shall all starve together."

Bishop McVicker, of Rhode Island, said,
that when a class came before him for con-
firmation he noticed their small size and
puny appearance. They seemed rather young
to be confirmed, but the minister to whom he
spoke said: "It was not because they were
so young, but because they had had no
chance to grow." A visitor to the coal-
breakers where children are worked, gets
tfiis apology from the superintendent or
foreman; not for facts which make you
ashamed of your race— not for the destruc-

tion of child-life, but, — "It's a pretty bad
place for your good clothes !"

In a large Western mill a small girl was
seen by a visitor bending over a machine,
face fiushed, arms flying, every nerve quiv-
ering, working at top speed; she was earn-
ing seven dollars a week on piece-work.
The visitor asked, "What will she be earn-
ing five years from now?" "Oh," said the
superintendent, "I presume we shall have
another girl by that time!" We shall pre-
sume so. Said another mill-man where they
employ young children, "Look into the faces
of these boys and you will see thay are not
fitted for anything else. You must be care-
ful how you play the part of providence to
people bom to another kind of life. I
shall oppose every effort made for improved
legislation." Another reason given by
child labor employers is that these little
fellows are so nimble with their fingers, and
know how to take care of themselves; and
the fact that a boy of twelve, working for
fifty cents or sixty cents a day, can do as
much or more, that is, in some parts of
glass factories, and in coal mines than a
man who would be paid one dollar a day —
explains quite clearly this callous and in-
human attitude of the employer.

Mrs. Van Vorst says that she got this
why from the wife of a wealthy cotton-
mill employer, when she (Mrs. Van Vorst)
suggested that better things might be done
for these Southern children than to keep
them at work in the mills; that they mig^t
be freed from night work, and given schools
and holidays and some recreation. "Yes, it
might be done," was the reply, **by con-
certed action; but for my husband alone,
it would be ruin!" "Not ruin, but a reduc-
tion," suggested Mrs. Van Vorst "No,
ruin!" was the answer flashed back. "To
compete we must have our sixty-six hours
a week!" And it is upon such a system of
dishonor, dishonesty and lies that child-
labor is buik. For deaf is the ear to this
bitter cry, and blind their eyes to this deg-
radation wrought by their own hands —
and yet, "A child's sob in the silence curses
deeper than a strong man in bis wrath."

In the textile mills the statistics Show
that as the number of women and children

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who work, has increased, the number of
men has steadily decreased, and wages have
gone lower and lower. Cotton cloth, vio-
lets, roses, ornaments, bottles, tobacco—
every trade becomes a tragedy, and shows
us pictures of little children who do not
know how to laugh or play. The peril is
that child-labor is so deeply rooted already.
Legislation is imperative; its stringent en-
forcement an absolute necessity. There are
laws in the industrial states— fourteen years
being the rule; but their lax interpretation
is notorious. In many cases the law is made
to be but a screen, and this wrong done to
childhood does not call for half-hearted in-
terest, or shuddery sentimentality. It calls
for action! Free the children! is the clear
command of sound common-sense, as well
as humanity. Stunted bodies, deterioration
in morals and mentality, is the curse which
follows the failure to protect the children,
and furnishes the army of idiots, indigents,
incapables and criminals, who become a
drain upon the nation's very life. Does it
pay?

The National Suffrage Association, at its
last meeting, laid its chief emphasis upon
this waste of children. Emerson defines
Civilization as "The power of good women
to create public opinion." And any effort
that good women can make is a powerful
aid; but while they discussed this child-
problem, the greatest of all problems,
by day, and while they are sleep-
ing by night, it is still calling for solution.
The premature use of the child is the de-
struction of the future citizen. This traffic
in child-labor is an evil for which we as a
nation are directly responsible. Not less
than eighty thousand children — ^mostly little
girls — are employed in the textile mills,
where a twelve-hour day is the almost
imiversal rule. Mrs. McFadden, Jane
Addams and Mrs. Van Vorst, have seen
little children at work at half past ten at
night, who were so young that they did not
know their own ages. In these fine mills
in South Carolina they found little girls
four or five years old at work in the spin-
ning room. Think, if you can, of a little
girl only eight years old, so small that she
has to stand on a stool to reach her work.

nmning a speeder which has to be replen-
ished and kept in motion at the same time.
She has also to clean and oil the machinery
by climbing under it at the risk of her life
and limbs. It is no uncommon occurrence
for a child's hand or arm to be caught and
crushed to a pulp. In the spinning- room
the hair of the children was white with lint
from the frames. They did not know how
old they were, but a girl standing near said
some of them were five, 'some seven. A
beautiful girl with big gray eyes and hectic
cheeks told Mrs. McFadden that she was
eight, and added, "I have only worked one
year." Think of it ! The long hours of night
toil, where these little babies fall asleep at
their tasks, and are awakened by having
cold water dashed upon them. Not a mo-
ment spared for sleep or food, no cessation
of the maddening racket of the machinery,
the foul air and hideous heat breeding dis-
ease, swollen glands and a horrible form of
dropsy prevailing. A physician who had made
a special study of child-labor, says that ten
per cent of those who work in these mills
contract consumption. The flying lint forms
an excellent cultivating medium for tuber-
culosis; the close atmosphere and stifling
heat and the other extreme, the chill night
air, develop pneumonia, and consumption
follows quite naturally, which justifies the
statement of the woman who said, 'T sut-
tenly never did see such a place for dyin' !
I reckon there's a funeral every day."

The number of accidents, the danger to
life and limb is appalling. Tired with the
long hours, dazed with the noise and loss
of sleep, is it any wonder they grow care-
less of danger from belts and bands? One
doctor, and there is testimony from many
others, said that he had personally ampu-
tated more than one hundred fingers belong-
ing to baby hands. A cotton merchant
said that he had frequently seen children
with fingers, thumbs and sometimes the
whole hand gone, and this crime goes on.
Children are literally being fed to machin-
ery in mill, mine and factory; in glass
works they are brutalized, in tobacco fac-
tories they fall fainting, poisoned by the
strong odor of the tobacco. There are
children in the coal mines of Pennsylvania

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212 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

and other coal-producing states, where the bitter cry of the children against this para-
law says that fourteen years shall be the sitic system which preys upon the weak and
legal age at which a child may be given helpless. Where is their compensation for
work; but we find them as young as six the injury done them— this monstrous in-
every where. Mill and mine compete with jury — when the pay received for the child's
the school for the children. Certificates labor is not enough to even feed him prop-
produced by the employers show that, as erly ? The trades are growing, and the pros-
one of them said with a laugh, "All these perity of the employer, too, is increasing;
kids must have been bom on the same day ; but it is upon the nation's most valuable
they are always exactly fourteen." Their asset, the children, who are stifled in men-
real ages are far below the requirements tal growth and life is balked of its pur-
of the law, which is violated over and over, pose ; for if, as Burbank says, it is true In
On these breakers where the boys are plant-life that "Weeds are weeds because
employed the dust rises in clouds that hover they are jostled, cropped, trampled on,
over the buildings long after the day's scorched by fierce heat, chilled with cold,
work is done, and so darkens the place starved for lack of proper nourishment,"
where they work that they wear and if there is not a weed alive that will
miners' lamps in their caps to enable them not sooner or later respond liberally to good
to see the coal at their feet Pathetic little cultivation and persistent selection, why may
fig^ires, nine, ten, eleven and twelve — ^bend- we not hope as much from these child-
ing over their tasks with aching backs, and weeds, who are foul-mouthed, profane,
hands cut and bleeding, they must learn vicious and brutish because they have been
to control the nausea caused by the thick "scorched, jostled, and trampled on?"
dust which coats the lining of throat and Let us free the children from these vicious
lungs, and later on results in tuberculosis surroundings, from these late and long
and miners' asthma. hours which cannot but produce moral as

If, ill a moment of forgetfulness, the na- well as physical wrecks. Let us give them
tural tendency of children to play crops a showing in this mad rush we call life, to
out, the boss is behind them to strike them learn its better side. To us character is
with stick or stone and stop such im-busi- the cornerstone of all true success. Why
ness like recreation. Here children sprag not for them? I might go on giving statis-
cars and tend the chutes, but no record is tics and showing you "Facts dressed in
kept of the number killed or maimed for tights," as Mark Twain says; but one can-
life. There are five hundred and eighty not put tired eyes, pallid cheeks and the
thousand American children in the United languid limbs of children of five and six,
States who can neither read nor write I One in mill, mine and factory, into figures. I
fine young fellow of eighteen said in a wish I could, for they are figures you hear
shamedfaced way: "I can't read; I have and see, not the human units which make
been working ever since I was seven." This, them, else we should never forget the sight
in Pennsylvania is the usual thing. Every- of these wee toilers working, ten, twelve,
where in the competition between the school even thirteen and fourteen hours a day for
and employer— the employer wins. a mere pittance, in a country which has

In North Carolina there are fifteen thous- established in its industries an eight-hour

and children at work in the mills, with ^^^f ^°^ "^^» North, South, East and West,

wages decreased from thirty-two cents to ^* ^f ^ *^^^« *p ^^^ civilization and a crime

twenty-nine cents a day. Twenty-five per against humanity I

cent of the children of school age do not A visitor to one of the large textile mills

attend school. There is no legal protection chanced to say that it was his birthday,

whatever in some states. If the father "J am forty-two years old today." A tired,

choose, he may spend his time in idleness hollow-eyed child standing near him said!

and in the saloons, living upon the scanty drawing a long breath, "My I but I should

wages of his wife and children. Another think you'd be awful tired o/^living!"

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213

Think of that from the lips of a little six-
year-old child! Victor Hugo said he had
seen the suffering of men and women, but
until he saw the suffering children, he knew
not the awful meaning of that word? A
picture, just a picture I saw one day in
an illustrated paper in a Broadway window,
keeps itself before my eyes. I want to show
it to you. It is a wild, wintry day. The
street is piled deep with snow. In the
foreground is an elegant carriage. The
groom is holding the door open that a
woman, young, beautiful and richly dressed
may enter. In her arms, cuddled up safe
and warm, is a dog, an aristocratic,
bewashed, beribboncd, long-eared, hand-
tooled affair in the dog line. Near
by is a newsboy, with ragged clothes
fluttering in the fierce wind, worn
shoes through which show the naked
little feet, face pinched and wan with
suffering, eyes wistful as he looks at the
wealth and comfort of the fortimates, and
he is saying,— every bit of him is saying, —
as he clutches his bundle of papers tighter,
"I wisht I was a dog." Must not this wish
find utterance oftentimes on the lips of the
little white slaves who toil in the mills,
mines and factories, and on the streets
through long hours of days and nights, as
wretched and forlorn as he?

Is there not a social responsibility some-
where? Aye! coming closer — ^an individual
responsiblity. May Mary Livermore's
prayer find an echo in our hearts. "If it is
to be a question of supremacy of freedom
or slavery, I pray God it may be settled
now, and not left to our children, and Oh,
may I be a hand, a foot, a voice, and in-
fluence in this cause of freedom and my
cotmtry !" It is a cause which has its claim
upon himianity. A claim of justice and

mercy. It is a claim which is up for settle-
ment, it will have to be paid sometime and
with accruing interest, and in a way of
which those who look ahead do not even
like to think. It is a claim of children who
fall fainting in the streets and in the school-
rooms, from starvation, though they work,
while dogs are fed and cared for with a
tender solicitude which these little ones
never know. A claim of the children who
do not know happy hours or play-time, «ven
as voiced by a tot of four or five, **1 ased to
play when I was young!" A claim of the
five hundred and eighty thousand Ameri-
can children who do not know how to read
or write ! A claim upon the mother-heart of
our coimtry. If it were your child? Up<m
the chivalry of the men in defense of the
weak and helpless little ones. The bene-
factors of the human race are those who
have thought high thoughts about it, and
have cnrstalized those thoughts into high
and noble deeds. Great reforms have come by
each doing his part with a consecrated pur-
pose; such as Lord Shaftesbury on behalf
of the enslaved women and children of Eng-
land; John Howard and Elizabeth Frye
bringing about a reformation in the treat-
ment of prisoners ; Pinel braving ostracism,
ridicule and hostility to prove that humane
treatment would work wonders in the cure
of insanity. Jacob Riis, Josephine Lowell,
Jane Addams and others whose names you
know. A mere handful, it is true, where
so many are needed to help do what they
can to better the condition of these infant
toilers whose fate is precisely that same
bitter bondage of the children of fifty years
ago, when Lord Shaftesbury did his part,
and over one hundred years after Democ-
racy defined its principles of "Equal rights
to all, and special privileges to none."

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214 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

The Working Of The Railroads

|RITING under this subject. Pro- running of trains. Let us trace this pro-
fessor Logan G. McPherson, cedure through a bit of actual ,working.
Lecturer on Transportation for "It is half past five on a Monday morn-
Johns Hopkins University, has ing. Word has just come to the yard
offered many excellent thoughts on the master from the train despatcher, to start
operation of railways. He has presented a third section of train No. 82 at six thirty
his book in an unusually practical and in- a. m. In the stalls of the round house are
teresting way. The questions of construe- four locomotives of Class A, three of Class
tion, administration and operation are given B and five of Class C, all clean and fit, with
to the reader in language he likes, if he the fires banked in the furnaces and a sim-
knows anything at all of railway work, and mer of steam arising from the escape
are not offered in the "booky" language valves. The requisition from the yard mas-
that marks so many publications of the ter specifies an engine of Qass B; No. 312
kind. has been longest in; she brought in fast

We quote from one chapter captioned freight 31 the evening before.
"Correlation," because it will be of unusual "On the work sheet, the engineer marked
interest to the friends of the members of her in good order throughout; noted that
the Brotherhood, who have a vague no- she needed no repairs, nothing but the reg-
tion gathered from conversation with the ular cleaning; her exhaust was clean, her
train and engine men, of what the work reciprocating parts were in adjustment ; her
in train service means. Railroad men are bearings running cool. The hostler had
usually ready to talk, but they have a habit taken her over the cinder pit, cleaned out
of doing it in such a way that it sounds the fire box and every part from the netting
like Esperanto to the layman. He listens in the smoke-stack to the air pump. After
to "what she pulled and where she stuck, the wipers had rubbed every square inch;
and where the fog played out and what after she had been cleaned inside and out
the *hog head' said, and what the 'tallow with care, more than which no mother
pot' noticed as 'we hit the hack* or punched could give a child, a mechanical inspector
the 'tail lights' of something ahead, and went over her again from head light to
why a certain engine is marked for a cer- rear coupling, testing every passage way,
tain train, tonnage and way work," all men- sounding every fastening, checking every
tioned in the hurried manner peculiar to item of the report made by the engineer,
railroad men, perfectly intelligible to them, and finding it true. And this is the stand-
but not so much so to the others who do ard practice with every engine between its
not know the difference between red light going and coming in every roundhouse in
oil and a left handed monkey wrench. the United States. Thus it was that at

Professor McPherson has put it in plain half past five on a Monday morning, in re-
language, and it reads well as the following sponse to the request of the yard master,
quotation bears witness: the round house foreman designated No.

"That throughout the administration of a 812 as the locomotive of Class B to take
railroad there must be a high degree of out third No. 82.

co-ordination between the different depart- A caller was sent for the engineman
ments and the different officers and em- and the fireman, whose names were posted
ployes; that there must be a thoroughly • de- 'first out'— by customary practice every en-
fined and well understood method; and gine crew lives within one mile of the
the utmost care and precaution in its ap- round house, is expected to be at home
plication is a general statement How well during the period of rest, and to appear at
it is founded is exemplified by the routine the round house after call within thirty
procedure in what, although the most im- minutes of the prescribed train leaving
oortant, is but one phase of operation, the time. And so it was that at six o^ock the

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 215

fire had been tinbanked in the ftimace of half-past five the switching foreman re-
No. 312 by the hostlers at the round house, ported to the yard master that the train
her tank had been filled with water, her was ready.

tender with coal, and her sand box to the The car inspectors test wheels, brakes,
brim with the grains that give the wheels axles, journals, bearings on every car, con-
their grip on the slippery tracks of the up- nect the air brake pipes, and test the ap-
gradc. The engineer, with the familiar plication of the brakes. At the same time
can, 'oils round,' examining for himself that the yard master made requisition on
every vital part of the machine. Then, at the round house for a locomotive, he sent
twenty-five minutes after six, the hostler the yard caller to summon conductor,
having delivered her beyond the cinder pit, brakeman and flagman to man the train,
the fireman dashed a shovelful of coal into and this crew reported at the yard office
the fire-box, the engine man gently placed at the same time the engine crew reported
his hand upon the throttle, and as gently at the round house. The conductor was
the ponderous mechanism began to move. notified that his train was made up and on

"The man in the signal tower at the en- track No. 5; he and his flagman went to
trance to the yard has thrown a switch, the this track to 'get numbers' of the cars and
head brakeman gives the 'go ahead' signal, seals, and to inspect the train, while the
and No. 312 moves down and backs on head brakeman went to the cinder pits to
track No. 5, stopping at the head of the pilot engine No. 312 to the front of the
waiting train. At five o'clock that Monday train.

morning, the chief despatcher perceived "The conductor enters in his train book
from the reports of cars received and in the number of each car, and the initials of
the yard that there was a full quota of cars the road owning it, its destination, its
not only for regular No. 82 and a second empty or tare weight; the weight of its
section of No. 82, but that there remained load, and the sum of these or its gross
nine cars of lumber awaiting shipment to the weight. With the aid of the brakeman, he
east; that six cars of cotton were ready to carefully tests the seal that the loading
go to the junction mills, and that the other agent has placed on each car, and certifies
car loads of material and merchandise in to its soundness by entry in the train book
'bunches' of threes and fours were destined — if the seal were not taut he would not
east, enough in all to make a third train accept the car until its contents had been
of thirty full loaded cars, about one-half of checked, and the seal placed in order. He
which were consigned to two or three sta- again reports to the yard office, and with
tions along the division, and the other half the yard clerk checks the car numbers that
to points beyond. are recorded by the clerk as being for-

"Therefore, he directed the yard master to warded with the cars of the numbers that
start a third section of No. 82, designating he has entered in the train book, and re-
6:30 as the leaving time. The gross weight chives from the yard clerk the bills for all
Df these thirty loaded cars amounted to cars in the train.

approximately one thousand tons. A Oass "The conductor then confers with the
B locomotive, by the practice of this road, engine man, who has coupled the locomo-
is so designated, because it is rated to pjll tive to the train, and tested the working
from one thousand to fifteen hundred tons ; of the air brake pipes throughout They
hence an engine of this class was requested are each ready, and so notify the yard
for this train. operator who telegraphs the train despatch-

"The yard master gave the numbers of er that 3-82— giving the number of the lo-
the cars to the switching foreman, who comotive, the number of cars, the gross
made them up for the outgoing train; the weight of the train, the name of the cn-
cars for the first destination nearest the lo- gine man and the conductor— is in the yard
comotive and so on, that they might be set awaiting instructions,
off with the least switching. The cars were "The train despatcher enters this detail
drilled from off this track, and that into of the train and crew at the head of a col-
the prescribed order, and a trifle before umn of the train register which is spread

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216 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL

in front of him, and on which is a space Crockettsvillc is fifty miles away. To reach
for the entry of the arriving and the leav- it by half past eight, means a run of twen-
ing time of -the train as telegp-aphed him ty-five miles an hour, an easy achievement
by the operator at each telegraph station if the track is clear and the signals open,
on the division. At the first bridge a signal man, posted

"After this initial entry, which is the with a green flag, compels a slow down be-
work of but a moment, the train despatches cause of carpenters at work upon a trestle ;
telegraphs a clearance order to the yard at the second station the semaphore indi-
operator, who repeats it to the despatcher cates caution, and presently the explosion
to ensure that he has made no error in re- of two torpedoes by the locomotive warns
ceiving it. Then the yard operator pre- the engine man to reduce speed and look
sents the order to the engineer and con- ahead for an obstruction or a stop signal
ductor, who read it back to him, and sign "These are the only incidents in the run
it as acknowledment that it is thoroughly to Crockettsville, which notwithstanding is
understood reached at the specified time, and train No.

"These signatures are reported to the 8 is met. Here the six cars of cotton are
train despatcher, who telegraphs the word set off for the junction mills, and two cars
'complete,' which is written on the order, of general merchandise for the local store,
the original of which is filed by the opera- and two cars of cotton goods are picked up
tor. A copy of 'the order is then delivered for an eastern destination. From station
to the conductor and engineer. The en- to station, with lightening load, No. 82 thus
gine man also reads the order to the fire- proceeds under orders received at this sta-
man who repeats it back to him, and the tion and that, passing or being passed by
conductor reads it to his brakemen and way freight, local passenger, fast freight,
flagmen, who also repeat it back to him. and through mail trains until it arrives at
When the order has been thus read and the end of the division,
re-read until it is absolutely certain that "The conductor has taken the receipt of
every person on the train has the same the agent at each station at which cars
exact understanding of the conditions un- have been set off, specifying their num-
der which it is to move, the conductor bers, weight, contents and certifying that
raises his hand; again the engine man tj,e seals are in good order. At the di-
places his hand on the throttle, and the vision end, he receives the receipt of the
train moves out of the yard and upon the yarj master for the remaining cars, which
main track. are quickly disposed of locally, or made

"In case of a passenger train leaving a up into another train for further despatch,
terminal, or a freight train leaving a yard From his train book, he makes a report
on regular schedule, it may in many in- showing the initial and number of each
stances run according to schedule without car that has been carried in his train and
such special order. The schedule specifies the stations from and to which it has been
its time at different stations, the points at moved.

which it will pass or be passed by other "This is the 'wheel report,' and is for-
t rains ; and contains general rules whereby warded to the car accountant, who from it
trains of a superior class are designated makes entries upon his records which show
and are given right of way over trains of the movement of each car and its location,
any inferior class, which must take siding From this, the car accountant is enabled
when necessary to let them pass. If, how- to calculate the per diem, which is the
ever, upon a busy road and from a busy basis for settlement with other roads for
yard, a train as in the case of our third the use of their cars; and the car mileage,
section of No. 82 is despatched when con- which is embodied in a report that is trans-
ditions are ripe for expeditious movement, mitted for their information to the officers
an order from the train despatcher will of various departments. A through freight
contain some definite specification, such as train would have discharged no cars along
No. 3, engine 436, will wait at Crocketts- the division, and at its end would have
ville until 8:30 a. m. for 3-82, engine 812.* needed only a change of locomotives and

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 217

inspection of the cars, their brakes, wheels, upon which they are employed, and to pass

axles and journals before continuance on examination in the book of rules. They

its way. A local freight train would have are promoted from one position to another

disposed of its cars at stations on the way, only after experience and demonstrated fit-

and picked up cars ready to go forward in ness.

its direction. On arrival at the division "Discipline is no longer administered by

terminal, the conductor and train crew reg- an inefficient superintendent with sudden and

ister at the yard office ; the engine man and disconcerting severity, but an error is

fireman hand in their *time slips,' and pro- called to the attention of a delinquent with

ceed with the locomotive to the round kindly finnness that develops into definite

house, and report its condition. Their punishment only when the justice thereof

names are posted on the 'in' list, or regis- is perceived by the sinner as well as the

tcr, and they are off duty until summoned judge. There was a time when the typical

by the caller at this end of the division. railway superintendent was as a despot with

"At any one time on a division of a rail- the knout, but at this time when the suc-

road through a sparsely settled region of cessful operation of a railroad admittedly

thin traffic, there may be no more than lies in the degree of co-operation between

half a dozen trains, but on a division of the employes and the officers, the accredited

two to six tracks in a densely settled man- superintendent is he in whom kindly con-

ufacturing or mining region, there may be siderateness, blended with dignity and im-

at any one time two or three hundred or partial justness, elicits the confidence and

more, and the yard for such a division may commands the respect of his men.

have a capacity of five thousand or more "The precaution in the selection of men

cars. is reinforced by the precaution in method,

"By day and by night, on all the divis- which is under continuous scrutiny and re-
ions of all the railroads of the United vision. If the provisions of the standard
States, there run during the twenty-four train rules were always absolutely observed
hours, no fewer than two hundred thousand there could be no accident through fault
trains, guided and guarded by the ceaseless of the running arrangement. The require-
vigilance of engine men, firemen, conduc- ments of the schedule are such that every
tors, brakemen, signal men, switchmen, train knows what relation of precedence it
train despatchers and train masters. This bears to every other train; switches and
vigilance is without end, either by day or signals should always indicate whether or
night, whatever the season, whether not a train may safely pass to the track
through the drought of the burning sun, beyond; when a train is moving under
or the torrential flood, over the snow cap- special orders -from the despatcher it is
pcd mountain and across the alkali desert, safe within the limits of its order, and
The sudden stop that sends out a flagman beyond that limit it must not go until it
with the protecting signal, may give him receives another order. Moreover, the su-
only a pleasant walk along a meadow-lined perintendent and his staff maintain a daily
track on a rare June day, or it may cause continual inspection of men and methods,
him to crawl in the piercing wind of a as well as of material and structures,
dark winter night over the sleety ties of an "At the same time that trains are run-
ice-bound trestle. ning to and fro over a division the super-

"Modem and progressive practice re- visors and their gangs are working on the
quires that applicants for service in the track, renewing rails, adjusting ballast, re-
transportation department meet physical pairing culverts, replacing cattle-guards;
tests as rigorous as those for the army, and in the shops the forces of mechanics
that they have good ordinary education, are building locomotives and cars and re-
that they do not drink or gamble, and arc pairing those which have been consigned
not of objectionable character in other re- to them after inspection. There is constant
spects. They are not accepted in the ser- communication between the officers and
vice except on probation. They are obliged employes of one and another of the oper-
to learn the characteristics of the division ating departments; the train masters, chief

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

despatchers, master mechanics and division
engineers, especially being in the continual
exchange information of mutual benefit

"But in case the manifold precautions
against accident fail, the finite brain for-
get, an imperceptibly undermined embank-
ment be washed away, an undetectable flaw
in the metal cause rail or wheel to break,
or one of those unforseeable and unavoid-
able calamities known as the act of Provi-
dence intervene, and there is a wreck, a
telegraph office is reached in the quickest
possible time. Word is sent at once to the
superintendent, who starts the wrecking
crew ; to the train master and the supervis-
ors, who send their gangs of workmen; to
the master mechanic, who sends men to
look after the cars and engines; and when
necessary, to the doctors. At such a time,
there is no thought of expense, but only
that men and material may be directed in
the shortest time to the best ends.

"Throughout the twenty-four hours while
trains are running from one end of the di-
vision to the other, and over one division
after another throughout the system, there
is flowing from every station where tickets
have been sold, and where freight has been
received or delivered, a stream of reports
to the accounting department. Likewise in
every shop, in the office of every division
engineer, trainmaster and train despatcher
originate vouchers covering expenditure,
and reports of every hour of labor, of
every transfer of material and its applica-
tion. From the reports of revenue, the ac-
counting officers compile statements which
show what the earnings of each division
have been per train, per train mile, per ton,
per ton mile; and from the reports of dis-
bursements are compiled statements show-
ing what the expenditures have been on each
division for each purpose. Thus each di-
vision officer is enabled to compare the
performance of his division month by

month, and that performance with the per-
formance of other divisions for the same
time.

Between the ticket and freight agents,
and the district passenger and freight
agents, are proceeding an unending series
of inquiries and replies as to rates and
facilities for the movement of traffic. A
traveling auditor drops into a station, and
the agent at once places the accounts in his
hands, standing ready to explain anything
unusual in the cash account, or on the
books> or to take the consequences if he
cannot.

"From the local offices, there flows in
steady stream to the credit of the treas-
urer in the local banks, the moneys that
have been received for the transportation
of passengers and of commodities; and i;i
a steady stream it flows out again to the
millions of employes to be disbursed by
them to the merchants who supply their
wants; to the dealers for the material and
supplies which preserve and maintain the
roads and their operations; to the political
authorities for the maintenance of the gov
ernment and last of all, to the investors
whose faith and capital have made exis-
tence of the railroads possible."

After reading, it is easy to understand
just how much there is to getting a train
ready, getting it over the road and telling
how it was done, so that the folks at home
can understand the technical part of the
work. There are quite a few matters that
are not mentioned in the chapter, but they
relate chiefly to the little differences of
opinion among the crew, personal remarks
and, at times, vehement demands that some
one do something, or otherwise, that go to
make part of the run. It particularly
shows how safe operation depends abso-
lutely upon the perfection of the great rail-
way machine, and the ability of all its parts
to work together in operation.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL 219

Turpin Feminized.

|t about the end of winter I had not slept long before I was awakened,
to make a trip from the neigh- Some persons were talking on the other
borhood of Jim Low's— as the side of the partition wall,
next station south of Salinas "Marthy," said the voice of old man
Crossing at Soledad is called— to San Luis Williams, "I tell you I kaint afford it.
Obispo, to draw $1,500 from the bank. I You'll ruin me with your extravagances,
rode into Jim Low's, and leaving my horse What with your house bills, an' your dress
there, boarded the south-bound stage for bills, an' your gallivantin' about and your
San Luis. trips to town, I'm s'prised you should dream

The rivers were running pretty high that of such a thing. Five hundred dollars for
spring. However, we got to the Pleito a trip to Frisco ! Why, you must be crazy !*'
ranch all right, where we changed horses, "Ifs you that's crazy, you old hunks,"
took dinner, and again started. There was, replied the female voice in scornful tones ;
however, one more river to cross, the "its six years since I've been to anywhere
Nacimiento, lying between the Pleito and as but San Luis. Do you think I'm agoin'
San Miguel I happened to be the only to toil and slave to make money for you
passenger in the stage that trip, and while all my life, an* get no good out of it? I'm
the driver and myself were discussmg risk- goin' to Frisco to spend a month with my
ing the passage a rancher who lived close sister, an' I'm not agoin' to be laughed at
by the river advised us not to try it, as when I get there, you can bet. Five hun-
his own wagon had been nearly carried dred dollars an' not a cent less. Why, I
down the stream that morning. He added hain't got a rag fit to be seen in— hain't
that if we liked we could put up at his had these six years, an' I don't propose to
place all night As there was every prob- stand it no longer."

ability that the freshet would go down '1 see it all, Marthy," rejoined old man

before morning, we decided to do so. Williams. 'It's all beca'se I've got to go

"We shall have to pay, though," said to the bay that you want to go, too. But

the driver to me with a wink as he turned mine's bizness, an' you know it. Now,

his leaders from the bank, "and pretty look a-here, Marthy, there's $400, as you

roundly, too— mind that Old Williams is know, nes'ry to meet that little bill of Bax-

a hard one. I've got stalled here once or ter's for that las' bit o' land. My stagin'

twice before. It's just nuts for the old back an' forrud, $25 each way— that's fifty.

man to ketch the stage in a tight place." Two days in town, $2— kain't do it a cent

Old Williams' parsimony was the talk of less 'cept Baxter treats — ^them cities is orful

the countryside, although rumor had it that 'xpensive. Now, there's $452 got to be

he was worth many thousands of dollars in paid. An' you want five hundred more for

cash besides herds of cattle. nothin' at all" Here the old man groaned.

When supper was called we were received "Nothin' or no nothin*," replied Mrs.

by our host's wife, a woman of about forty, Williams, decisively, "I'm goin' to hev it

who had been doing the cooking. Mrs. Don't you forget that"

Williams' conversation and demeanor, too, "Well, well, Marthy," said the old man,

were courteous and pleasant though one after a pause in what was evidently meant

could see she was a woman of determined for a soothing and modifying key, "you

character. was alus a good gal I'll see what kin be

After supper we were shown the sleep- done. Them banks in San Luis is orful

ing apartment on the second story. At close, though. You musn't 'spect too

each side of the room were spread six much."

camp beds, twelve in all, for Old Williams' "Don't give me none o' your games,"
ranch had been the supper stopping place rejoined his better-half sternly; "you tried
of the up-stage some years before. I had that once afore, an' if you go for to try

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220 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

it agin, you'll try it once too often. Mind "I saw ye, Si/* she shouted after US, as

what I'm a-tellin* ye." we bowled along; "ye can't fool me. 1

After this the voices ceased, and I man- thought ye'd try to play me, you old whelp,

aged to fall asleep. ^* wait a bit—!" the rest of her speech

»T . ^ J Ai. • I. J was lost in the distance.

Next mornmg we found the nver had ''*z " .... r ^ ^ ^,

J J r*. • - iv-n- From the Nacuniento Crossing to the

gone down, and after paymg our bills— _, . , . ^ . j u

... ^ • 1 \^ 4, ^ Plexto ranch is some ten miles^ and here

which were certainly pretty steep— we re- , ..... • .i. j i

. * J u- 1, ♦u «^ the north-bound stage m these days always

sumed our journey at daybreak with an- . . . ' r • j , /.i.

,, • *u 1. ^c ^^A «,«« stopped to change horses and let the pas-

other passenger m the person of old man f*' ©

Williams ®^"^*" ^* ^"PP^^"

, . , Half an hour afterward we resumed our

"No foolin' now. Si, shouted his dame, .^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ U^^U^^ ^„^^^ ^he

as we drove out of the yard; "five hundred influence of the good cheer. The colonel

ornuthm.* ^^^^ ^^^^^ Barbara was particularly en-

"Aye, aye, Marthy," replied her spouse, tertaining. The drummer's best samples

"I'll be back tomorrer evenin'." circulated freely, and even old Williams

Well, we got into San Luis without fur- joined in the general exhilaration, when all
ther mishap about noon. In order not to of a sudden, the coach drew up with a jerk
delay the passengers who had arrived from which nearly threw us out of our seats,
Santa Barbara and southern points the and the familiar muzzle of a double bar-
night before, it was decided that as we reled shotgun was thrust in at the window,
had lost half a day, the same stage would "Never mind throwin' down the box,
start on its return trip in an hour. As the Jim," shouted a voice which I fancied I had
only business I had to do was to draw heard before; "that ain't what Fm after,
money, I was ready. While in the bank Come, pile out on the road you galoots in-
getting my coin, old Williams came in and side, an' be quick about it. Wake up, old
also made out a draft. I was a little curi- man," continued the voice, ironically, cvi-
ous as to the amount, and noticed that the dently addressing old Williams, who had
clerk counted out just $452. shrunk back into his corner dead with ter-

At one o'clock we left San Luis, taking ^^'•
extra horses to see us over the hill. There We obeyed the injunction with alacrity,
were now four passengers, old Williams, a People always do under such circumstances,
well-known land owner in Santa Barbara, But who shall depict our astonishment
a whisky drummer, and myself. As the when we saw that this daring road agent
weather was cold, we all got inside the who had stopped us was a woman, and
coach. By the time we got to San Miguel still more to my surprise, I saw it was
it was quite dark, and as we approached neither more nor less than Mrs. Williams,
the Nacimiento river, about an hour after- "Hold. up your hands, gents," said our
ward, I noticed that old Williams* trepida- captor, quietly; "tain't you I'm after; it's
tion, which had been noticeable for some you, ye good for nothin' nincompoop," she
time past, became more apparent than ever, continued, addressing her husband, as she
As the horses plashed out of the stream covered him with the shotgun. "Jest shell
on the farther bank, I remarked that the out that money ye got today at the bank-
old man had retired into the farthest cor- all— every cent of it"
ner of the coach, had muffled his head in a With trembling hand old Williams drew
traveling rug, and was snoring heavily. from his breast an old leather pocket-book,

As soon as we reached firm ground the and handed it to his spouse, who opened

driver whipped up and the stage bowled it and glanced at the contents, still keeping

past the approach to old Williams' house at the gun leveled in our direction,

a lively pace. Not, however, before a fe- She said slowly, after a careful scrutiny:

male figure, in whom by the coach lantern "I thought so! ye're $48 short Hain't ye

I recognized Mrs. Williams, had looked into got no more ?"

the stage and detected her recreant spouse, "Not a cent, Marthy /' returned the ter-

mufflcd as he was in the corner. ror-stricken man, "as God's my witness,"

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kAiLkdAb fkAtm&m fduMAL

"Well, ye kin borrow it off some of them
gents. They know ye're good for it," re-
turned his obdurate spouse.

The whole situation was so ludicrous that
we other three passengers and the driver
burst into a roar of laughter. I immediately
reached for my purse, but the colonel was
before me, and with a low bow and be-
nignant smile, tendered his. The woman
took from it two twenties, a five and three
dollars in silver.

"This," she said solemnly, as she re-
turned the purse, "is a loan to the old man.
Never fear, hell pay, Til make him. Now,
Si,' she continued, turning to her husband,
"youll find my boss tethered over thar.
Git on his back an' go to San Luis for
more money. I'm goin' to Frisco in this

yer stage, if them gents has no objections.
I'll meet you up thar."

We gallantly, simultaneously and unan-
imously assurred her we had none. Two
minutes afterward we were bowling along
merrily again as if nothing had happened.
Mrs. Williams was the lion, or rather the
lioness, of that trip. She had, of course,
mounted on horseback after the stage passed
the ranch, with the intention of overtaking
us while we were taking supper at Pleito,
which she did, with the above result

None of us, I think, ever gave the busi-
ness away, not even the colonel, though
he relished the joke hugely. Few people
care to confess that they have been stood
up by a woman.— ^a» Francisco Argonaut,

A Wife s Trap.

don't

IaSPER," said Mrs. Broadway,
1 "do you tell me everything that
I happens to you during the day?"
"No," said Broadway, "I
There are a lot of things that hap-
pen to me that are bad enough while they
are happening without having to live the
whole experience over again after I get
home."

"What, for instance T asked Mrs. Broad-
way, in a tone of alarm.

"Oh, I don't know. Broken telephone
wires, blockades, delayed appointments,
soggy lunches—"

"Oh, I don't mean little annojrances of
that kind," she interrupted, hastily. "I
mean the really strange, interesting, mys-
terious things that you get' mixed up in.
You tell me all of them, don't you ?"

"The strange, interesting, mysterious
things?" echoed Broadway. "Great Scott,
what do you think I am? The hero of a
popular novel? Outside the stock market
I don't come across many mysteries, but if
I ever do strike any I will make a note of
them and let you know. Will that satisfy
you?"

Mrs. Broadway said that it would. The
next day she reported to her neighbor

across the hall the result of the domestic
conference of the preceding evening.

"I think," she said, "that I have a model
husband. He tells me everythmg that hap-
pens to him."

The neighbor was 50 and cynicaL "In-
deed!" she said. "How do you know he
does?"

"He told me so.**

The neighbor smiled. "Dear me," she
said. "This is refreshing. And you have
been married five years, tool Never mind.
I used to feel the same way. I used to ask
Warren if he told me everything that hap-
pened to him during the day, and he swore
that he did. But I doubted it Finally I
set a trap. Just to see if he really would
tell me I contrived some really strange,
puzzling things should occur from day to
day, right under his very nose, and he never
said a word about them."

Mrs. Broadway considered. "That is dis-
couraging," she said, tmeasily. "I wonder
if I had better test Mr. Broadway in the
same way."

"I would my dear. If I were you."

"But I don't know what to do," sighed
Mrs. Broadway. "I have never been used
to intrigue."

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222

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

"Write him some letters that he won't
be able to make head or tail ot. Or rather,
don't write directly to him, but send the
letters to some person that never existed, in
his care. Send them frequently. That will
set him wondering, and if he means to keep
his word he will tell you about them. I will
do the writing, if you cannot disguise your
own hand."

They wrote that afternoon to Miss Ver-
onica Blitz, care of J. C. Broadway, and
sent the letter to his down-town address.
The next day Mrs. Broadway's troubles be-
gan. While Broadway ate his dinner and
read the evening paper, she waited in an
agony of suspense for some reference to the
mysterious Miss Blitz, but all thought of
that fictitious lady was evidently far re-
moved from her guardian's mind.

*T)id anything happen to-day, Jasper?"
asked Mrs. Broadway, timidly.

''No," said Broadway, "I guess not," and
went on reading.

The next morning the neighbor across the
hall tried to be sympathetic, but to entirely
conceal her delight at the knowledge of
Broadway's duplicity required a greater
effort than she was capable of.

"I was afraid it would turn cut that way,"
she said. "It usually does. However, we
will give him another trial. We will write
again."

They did write again, not once, but many
times, yet so consummate a villain had
Broadway become that throughout the on-
slaught of letters he coolly ignored the
whole Blitz tribe when in the sanctity of
his own home, and in answer to Mrs.
Broadway's ingenious question solemnly
assured her that nothing worth reporting
had come under his observation. On the

tenth day after institutmg her unique syS'
tem of espionage, Mrs. Broadway's patience
gave out Immediately after luncheon she
went down to her husband's office and staid
until the four o'clock mail came in. One by
one she look up the letters and read the
addresses aloud.

** 'Miss Veronica Blitz, care J. C. Broad-
way,'" she said at last.

Broadway stopped writing. "Great Scott !"
he said, "is there another letter for her?"

"Another?" said Mrs. Broadway. "Have
there been others?"

"Yes, a dozen of them. I can't imagine
the cause of the sudden spurt m Miss Blitz's
correspondence. I don't see why she doesn't
notify her friends of her correct address.
Let me have that letter, please. I suppose
I'd better forward it"

Mrs. Broadway's complexion underwent
a number of rapid changes.

"Forward it?" she exclaimed. "Why, how
do you know where she is? Do you know
her?"

"Know her," .said Broadway. "Well, I
should say I ought to. She was stenog-
rapher here for three years."

"And it was such an outlandish name,
too," said the neighbor across the hall, when
listening to Mrs. Broadway's account of the
affair an hour later. ''Who would have
thought that there was any living person
really named Veronica Blitz? No wonder
the poor man didn't say anything. It is a
wonderful coincidence.**

"Yes," assented Mrs. Broadway, "I ad-
mit that it is, but I am not thinking of that
just now. What I am wondering at is what
the real Miss Blitz must think of the idiotic
letters that you and I sent to her."— S'a/nr-
day Press,

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Thii Departmdni ia oinm to all women friends of the Brotherhood.

Getting Busy.

A number of our lady friends have commenced
work and are securing subacriptions for the Joui-
NAL. Two of them have taken watches, one a
Brotherhood Standard and the other a Ladies'
Queen, and there are others at work who will
very soon have enough names to their credit to
order their awards.

Almost every Journal Agent who receives a sub-
scription reward expresses surprise at the excel-
lence of it. The impression seems to have gained
hold that the subscription prizes are not worth
having.

The JotJKMAL stands good for every offer made.
Our prize watches retail for $50.00, $85.00 and
$30.00. There is no busines that will offer from
100 to 60 per cent commission and that is
what our watch offers mean to the Agent.

The goods are exactly the same as are offered
for sale by the Webb C. Ball Company, and the
JouKMAL stands back of every watch sent out on
its order. There is nothing cheap or trashy about
these goods. They are A No. 1 and the best to
be had.

We realize that our lady friends would be our
best Agents if they would take up the Jouskal
work for tis. We trust they will and that every-
where there will be one or more to take up thb
work for the Jousnal.

For subscription prizes see our advertising
pages.

Fishin\WhatIsFishin'?

It makes me laff to hear a lot of tony chaps set

down
Here in the Centre grocery store — ^the only one

in town —
An' tell about their fishin' trips down to the Pine

Tree State,
Or in the Adirondack woods, where fishin's alius

great;
To hear 'em tell of goin' out with patent tackle

bright
An' fishin' there from dawn till dark an' not get

ary bite!
They'd have a poky sight more fun to drop their

rods an' reels,
An' come with me on Lizzard Crick an* go to

spearin* eels.

Of course they're after monstrous game, an* call

it "sport" to set
All day a-waitin' for a bite that they ain't like to

«ct;
An' they can smoke the best cigars an' sample

now an' then
The bait to see if it is fresh, an' then light up

again.
That may be fun for sartin folks, but none of it

for me,
'Cue when I go a-fishin', waal, I wanter ketch

'em, see?
I want 'em comin' right along, they can't be none

too thick,
An' so I take my axe an* spear an' go out on the

Crick.

I cut a hole right through the ice an' Uke my

good ol' spear,
An* jab an' jabber in the mud an' never have no

fear
But that I'U get my basket full o' fish afore I

kave.
Without no twenty cent cigars, an' nothin' up my

sleeve.
You patent tackle fishermen, at home or fur

away.
You fellers who to get a "strike" will loaf around

aU day,
£f you should ever care to know jest how good

fishin' feels.
Jest come with me on Lizzard Crick an' go to

spearin' eels!

Jot CONI.

The Prayers Of The Workmen.

Onb:

O God, who rested on the seventh day.

Hear Thou the cry of one far spent, oppressed;
From this blind, ceaseless, maddening toil, I pray
Thee, give me rest!

ANOTHsa:

Thou Christ, who labored such as I to bless,
lae carpenter's worn bench Thou didst not
shirk;
End this long, cruel, starving idleness.
Oh, give me work!
Edith Bsownbll, in Cosmopolitan.

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224

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

Queen Watch O. K.

My Queen Watch was received all right and I
think it if a beautiful one.

One of our leading jewelers pronounced it a
fine watch and said it was a splendid movement

I thank you for your prompt attention to the
matter and remain

Respectfully yours.

Miss Bissii Pack,
Dayton, Kentucky.

His Last Run.

A little child, a baby boy of three.

Strayed from his home one pleasant summer's
day
Down to the railroad tracks, that he might see

The trains that move so swiftly on their way.
The trains that run by lofty mountain-crest,

O'er rolling plains, by fertile valleys wide,
By day and night, nor even pause to rest,

But thunder on, swaying from side to side.

This tiny laddie often wondered why

The trains would never stop; he longed to know
What made this mighty giant almost fly —

What rang the bell, what made the whistle blow;
So on this summer day, a daring plan

Originated in the baby's brain;
He meant to stand and wave his little hand;

The engineer would see, and stop the train.

Then he would learn what made this giant speed

Across the rail — that caused the whistle's scream.
Might even dare to drive the "iron steed"

A little way — this was the baby's dream;
So down the track he sped; his tiny feet

Once stumbled, and he fell, but rose again.
Impatiently, and onward ran, to meet.

In eagerness, the fast-approaching train.

And now he hears the whistle, loud and shrilL

The engine strikes the curvet The little child.
All-confident, upon the track stood still,

Unfrightened, waved his little hand and smiled.
And ere the engineer could check the speed.

Could stop this cruel monster of the rail.
The deed that caused a mother's heart to bleed

Was done — the life crushed from the body fraiL

The engine stopped; the trembling engineer

Uttered a cry of horror, loud and wild,
A cry that would have chilled your blood to hear:

"OhI Godt" he shouted, "I have kUled a childl"
He lifted up the tiny, helpless form;

He held the little body to his breast;
He kissed the lips that still were moist and warm.

And thought of his own baby — sweetest — best

"I've been an engineer ten years and more,

And not an accident until today.
Oh, Godt I'd give the world could I restore

To you the life that I have taken awayl"
They bore the little body up the hill.

And to the mother who had loved him so.

The tiny fellow, lying pale and still»
Her fond caresses never more would know.

The train went on, and when at last it swept

Puffing and steaming into the distant town.
The engineer, unhesitating, stepped

Out from the cab and slowly clambered down.
Into the office then he made his way.

Nor paused to knock, but opened wide the door;
"I'm done with railroad life," they heard him say.

"All in. Give me my time. I run no more."
Miss Lydia M. Dunham,
Lehigh Tannery, Fa.

Consistency.

"Afraid of what—

Of death?" he said,
"Why, really, man.

To go to bed
And sleep is just

The same as death;

We breathe, but have

No knowledge of the breath.

Now I
Am not at all afraid to die."

Twas all he said
Before he hied him off to bed.
Disrobed, he peered beneath his cottch»

Poked in the closet wi.h a cane.
The windows fastened tight about.

Revolver loaded for the brain
Of night marauder; lastly sniffed
About each chandelier of brass.
Fearfully, lest some carelessness
Should cause a leaking of the gas.
Thus, unafraid, he drew his breath.
And laid him down unfazed by death.

— R. L. Aalholm.

Statement Of Claims.

PoKT HuBON, Mich., Feb. 1, 1907.

Previously paid $269,140.17

Paid since last report None

Died Since Last Report

Lillie Dunbar, of Lodge No. 75, died December
88th, 1906.

Mary Cooley, of Lodge No. 286, died December
25th, 1906.

Hattie Hardell, of Lodge No. 808, died January
1st, 1907.

Nellie M. Hardy of Lodge No. 180, died Janu-
ary 12th, 1907.

Mary Rhodes, of Lodge No. 42, died January
28d, 1907.

Nellie Davin, of Lodge No. 842, died January
25, 1907.

Anna Bilz, of Lodge No. 76, died January 26,
1907.

Ella Taylor, of Lodge No. 148, died January
81st, 1907.

Amy a. DowMiMa,
a S. ft T.

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TRAIN RULES

KINDRED SUfidECTS

Send all inquiries to H. A. Dalbj, Nau^tuck, Conn.

Movement Of Trains — Concluded.

Rule 100. — When the flagman goes back

to protect the rear of the train; the

must, in the case of passenger trains, and
the next brakeman in the case of other
trains, take his place on the train.

This rule is the same in both the old and
new Codes and provides for filling tlie
place vacated by the flagman when duty
calls him from the train. Should circi^m-
stances require him to stay behind and al-
low his train to proceed without hun it
may be necessary for further protection at
some point and some one must be prepared
to do this. Some one must be responsible
at all times for the rear of the train. The
blank in the rule is filled in as best suits
the requirements of each road and depends
somewhat on the number of men on the
traia On some roads the baggage master
of a passenger train is required to take his
place, but if there are two brakemen or a
brakeman and a porter on the train, usually
the duty falls to one of them. Occasionally
it devolves upon the conductor. On freight
trains, except in rare cases, there are at
least two brakemen so that the next man
takes the place of the flagman.

(Old) Rule 101.— If a train should part
while in motion, trainmen must, if pos-
sible, prevent damage to the detached por-
tions. The signals prescribed by Rules 12
(d) and 14 (f) must be given, and the
front portion of the train kept in motion
until the detached portion is stopped.

The front portion will then go back, to
recover the detached portion, running with
caution and following a flagman. The de-
tached portion must not be moved or

passed until the front portion comes back.

(New) Rule 101.— If a train should part
while in motion, trainmen must, if pos-
sible, prevent damage to the detached por-
tions. The signals prescribed by Rules 12
(d) and 14 (f) must be given.

The detached portion must not be moved
or passed until the front portion comes
back.

Notice that part of the old rule is omitted
in the new form. Previous to the rule
which we now call the "old" form there
were two others, each of which was quite
lengthy and provided instructions quite in
detail for a case of breaking in two. Each
revision has omitted certain portions until
it appears in its present brief form. The
cutting down process is in line with the
principle now generally followed by the
American Railway Association in the mak-
ing of rules, that of embodying principles
only, allowing each road to All in the de-
tails as it sees flt. The present rule con-
tains only the general provision that the
greatest care must be used to prevent dam-
age to equipment, that the prescribed sig-
nals must be given by enginemen and train-
men and that the detached portion must not
be moved until the return of the front por-
tion.

The rule as adopted in the original Stan-
dard Code twenty years ago contained the
same instructions we have today and much
more. It required the engineman to keep
the front portion moving until the detached
portion be stopped and authorized the front
portion to return regardless of all trains,
sending a flagman ahead and running not

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2;i6 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

more than four miles per hour. On single to the equipment, or if such has taken

track trainmen were reminded to take every place that it be not further increased. As

precaution to protect the head end of the soon as the diflFerent portions of the train

train against opposing trains if necessary.* are stopped an examination should be made

The clause which forms the last sentence to see if there be any injury to brakes or

of the present rule was printed in heavy draft rigging, if draw bars are pulled out

type in order to make it very emphatic, a or if there are any conditions which will

practice which was common in those early render further movement dangerous. If

rules, but which was dropped as men be- the head end has run a considerable dis-

came more familiar with their workings, tance from the rear and is near a siding

It also added the explanatory statement that where the cars of the front portion can be

this applied to trains of every class. Then placed while the engine goes back for the

followed a paragraph stating that the only remainder of the train, it is considered by

exception which might be made to the many men a good idea to do this as there

above was when it was known that the de- is often an advantage in the engine being

tached portion was stopped and the whole light while it is returning. But the handling

occurrence was in plain view, no curves or of such cases to the best advantage is the

other obstructions intervening, so that sig- result of experience and we advise our

nals could be seen from both portions of readers to improve each opportunity to

the train, in which case they could arrange learn the best way to act when occasions

for re-coupling, using the greatest caution, of this kind arise.

While it may not be wise to include all (Old) Rule 102.— When cars are pushed

of these provisions in a work like the by an engine (except when shifting and

Standard Code (for it must, be remem- making up trains in yards) a flagman must

bered that the Code is only a model and is take a conspicuous position on the front

intended only to recommend standard prin- of the leading car and signal the engine-

ciples) yet it is our opinion that the old man in case of need,

original rule contained some very practical (New) Rule 102. — When cars are pushed

instruction and that it served to give a good by an engine (except when shifting and

idea, in a general way, of the precautions making up trains in yards) a flagman

to be taken and the method to be pursued must take a conspicuous position on the

in uniting the different portions of a train front of the leading car.

which has broken in two. It would seem The omission of the last few words in

that they would apply, with but slight mod- the new rules are in line with the other

ification, to almost any road and almost reductions in the wording of the revised

every location. Of course the action to be code. Of course the trainman is expected

taken must be governed largely by the lo- to signal the engineman in case it becomes

cation of the track as regards grades, necessary, but his duties are, in a general

curves, etc., and weather conditions have way, to keep a watch ahead in the same

not a little to do with it. While experience way as does the engineman when the train

is by far the best teacher it is essential for is made up in the usual way.

train and engine men to know the best gen- Rule 103. — Messages or orders respecting

eral plan to follow, using their best judg- the movement of trains or the condition of

nient as to the details. Such a general plan track or bridges must be in writing,

is well outlined in the old rule, to which This is the same in both forms and has

reference has been made. been in the Code since itVas first formed.

Rules 12 (d) and 14 (f) as mentioned in It is not explicit as to just what kind of in-
the rule are for the trainman and engine- structions are meant "respecting the move-
man, respectively, to signal to each other ment of trains," but it is our opinion that it
that the train has parted. Whoever dis- should apply to cases where a flagman is in-
covers the break should immediately give structed to give certain information to an-
the signal and the other should answer, other train in reference to intended move-
after which both parties should take the ments of his own train, as, for instance, in
most careful action that no damage be done the case of a work train in connection with

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. ^ 227

other work trains. Many times two or Rule 104.— Switches must be left in

more mch trains are given orders to work proper position after having been used.

on the same limits "protecting against each Conductors are responsible for the position

other." Under this arrangement one train of the switches used by them and their

will often start out to make a trip to a trainmen, except where switchtendcrs are

certain point with the intention of return- stationed.

ing to its starting point and it is desired to . -.u *. m. t. % t^. e t \

, ,, - , . . .., •. A switch must not be left open for a fol.

hold another work tram until its return. i^:_«.. . . ur x-

^.- ,......, lowing train unless m charge of a tram-

Or, the flagman may be instructed to al- ^,„ . ^„^, .^^.

1 ^ • X • . J xi. 1. ij "^^" ^" such tram,
low certam trains to pass and then hold a

certain other one. Many times a number ^his rule is the same in both old and

of work trains work all day long by thus "^^ ^^'"^^^^^ ^^ ^« C^<1«- ^he two prin-

arranging their movements with each other ^»P^^ P^'"^^ ""^^ ^^^' t^« conductor is re-

and it is our opinion that these instructions sponsible for the position of the switches

should be given in writing by the conductor "^ed by the tram and whoever opens a

who leaves a flagman for the purpose of switch is responsible for seeing that it is

notifying other trains of such arrangement P^perly closed Although each of them

The same is true in the case of a break-in- ">ay admit of some variation, the ruling

two, possibly, where other trains arc to be Pnnciples should always be kept in mind.

notified regarding the action intended by There are times when the engineman should

the delayed train. It should also apply to see that switches are in the proper position

a case where signals are taken down at an inasmuch as the conductor cannot be at

intermediate station and it becomes the both the head end and rear of a train at the

duty of the operator or a flagman to hold same time and his duties are such as to

certain trains in the opposite direction until require him at times to leave the train and

the train for which signals were displayed ^ *o ^^^ telegraph or freight agent's office.

has arrived. Such instructions are equal ^^ ^se the train is standing on the siding

in importance to a train order and we be- *"<^ *^e switch ahead is used for the en-

lieve they are much less liable to error if »>"« ^^ ^^ ^"^ ^"^ ^^^^ water or coal, or

given in writing rather than by word of possibly to do some switching, it would

jjjQy^jj seem that the engineman should see that

But although it should be required that I^^V^f '' *' ^'°^'''^^ '•*'''*^ **'" ** """'^
communications of this character be made

in writing it should be understood that if There are a number of additional rules on

verbal instructions are received which re- different roads in regard to the handling of

quire caution or restrict the progress of a switches and on some there are definite in-

train they should be respected and meas- structions to cover many of the details. If

ures taken to avoid any trouble which these things are not positively provided for

might arise. by rule they may well be follewed up in

This rule, however, should not be con- P^^/*»^« ^^«' ^^l ^\^^f to greater safety

strued to permit any movement of a train ^"^ Promptness m the handling of trains,

on the time of another which can be pro- When a train is standing on the main

vided for by train order. Such instructions track waiting to meet another it is well to

come distinctly under the head of train open the switch that the other train may

movements and when authorized by the enter without stopping. It not only saves

dispatcher should be done by means of train time for the approaching train but for the

order pnly. The object of the rule is to one which is waiting. The rule that who-

require matters of an important nature to ever opens a switch must see that it is

be in writing rather than mere verbal in- properly closed applies emphatically in a

structions, no matter from whom they may case of this kind ?nd as a matter of prompt

come. If from the dispatcher it should be movement of both trains the man on the

by train order ; if from a conductor or en- standing train is the one to close the switch

gineman, by written message. as well as to open it

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228 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Many roads require, and it is a good from another train he would, presumably,

rule, that a man after opening a switch be considered reliable, yet the wording of

for a train to pass shall, while waiting for the rule is such that if he should fail the

it, stand on the opposite side of the track responsibility would fall on the conductor

from the switch stand. This is to make sure of the train last using the switch. In an

that it will not be closed until every wheel early edition of the Standard Code there

has passed over it The attempt to move was a clause like this: "Whoever opens

a switch too soon has on several occasions a switch shall remain at it until it is closed,

been the cause of trouble and even the best unless relieved by some other competent

of men are sometimes tempted to fall into employe." This^ may still be found in some

this error. But if he follows the above sug- books of rules and if so it gives a little

gestion no mistake can occur. Following more latitude than the present rule. It

out the same principle, a man jumping off would permit the agent or other person to

a train for the purpose of closing a switch c^ose the switch as above mentioned, if the

after the train passes should do so on the officers of the road considered him compe-

side opposite the switch stand. Some offi- ♦««* within the meaning of the rule,
cers teach this positively and insist upon Another point in this connection, although

its being observed. it is not mentioned in the rule, is import-

The last sentence of the rule provides for ant. It should be known that the switch is

the case of a train following another into in proper position before leaving it or be-

the siding and requires the man opening fore giving a signal for the train to pass

the switch to know that it is in charge of over it The rails should be closely watched

a man on the following train. If the other to see that they move properly and to see

train follows closely it may reasonably be that one is up close to the stock rail and

presumed that the man on the leading train the other the proper distance away from it.

is relieved of the responsibility for the This is especially important when there is

switch when the engine of the following snow on the ground or when other objects

train passes it The latter train then as- may be forced between the rails. It might

sumes responsibility for closing it after it happen that the lever could be placed in

shall have used it and cleared the main the proper position and yet the movement

track, until it does so or until one of its of the rails be defective. When the switch

own men comes forward to take care of is closed and locked it is essential to know

the switch, the man on the leading train is that the lock is secure and that it may not

still in charge. be pulled open by irresponsible persons.

When a train is pulling out of the siding ^^"^ *^'"«s ^'"^ ^" ^^^^'"^^ ^^ ™>«s ^"^

it is often a great advantage if some one P^^^^ ""' ^"^^^^'^ ^"^ ^^^y ^''' ^" 8^^^' ^

closes the switch so that it may not stop. ^f5^^"? "^" ^'" ^^'^^^ ^^^^"^ ^^^^^^^ «^-

This is especially true on an ascending P^'^*^ instructions are m effect or not

grade Many times this duty has been as- Rule 105.— Both conductors and engine-

sumed by the agent or operator, or possibly men are responsible for the safety of their

by a man from some other train. While this trains and, under conditions not provided

practice may be safe when the duty is as- ^or by the rules, must take every precaution

sumed by a reliable employe, yet we can ^or their protection.

not escape the plain reading of the rule in There is no change in this rule and its

its present form and it distinctly states that instructions are so well understood as to

the conductor is responsible for closing the need but little comment So far as the

switch "except where switchtenders are sta- movement of the train over the road is

tioned." This would not permit the agent concerned, the conductor and engineman

or operator to handle the switch unless* it arc jointly responsible. This applies to the

were made a part of his duty and the fact acceptance and execution of train orders,

clearly established so that the conductor ascertaining if all superior trains have ar-

and engineman may have authoritative in- rived or departed before they leave an ini-

formation to that effect If left to a man tial station, identification of other trains at

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 229

meeting or passing points, looking for one other than the conductor to be respon-
green signals on superior trains, etc While sible for switches? 13. — Do you have Rule
each has his own specific duties, the con- 104 just as it is in the Standard Code or
ductor in regard to the make-up and safety is there some variation? 14. — How about
of the cars and the engineman in regard to an agent or operator closing the switch be-
the engine, yet there are many things that hind a train leaving a siding? Is it per-
cannot be mentioned in rules in which both mitted? 15. — Can you give any other help-
should feel a responsibility. The line can ful ideas about the- handling of switches
not be drawn too sharply nor the catalogue aside from those mentioned?
of duties be too distinctly divided. The how to obtain the standard code.
train is theirs and they are, in a general j^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ numerous inquiries, a copy
way, jointly responsible for its safe and ^^ ^^ j^^^^^ ^^^j^j^^ ^^ ^^^ Standard Code
speedy movement from mitial pomt to ^^^ ^ ^^^^j„^^ ^^ addressing Mr. W. F.
terminaL Allen, Secretary, American Railway Asso-

RuLE 106.— In all cases of doubt or un- ciation, 24 Park Place, New York. The

certainty the safe course must be taken price is 60 cents. The volume contains

and no risks run. "Train Rules for Single Track," "Train

This is, in a sense, the most important Rules for Double Track," 'Train Rules for

rule in the book. It supplements all other Three and Four Tracks," "Rules Governing

rules and gives positive instruction for the Movement of Trains with the Current

many a situation not covered by any rule, of Traffic on Double Track by Means oi

It is one that should never be forgotten and Block Signals," "Rules Governing the

one which never conflicts with any other. Movement of Trains Against the Current

It is in every book o^ rules in some form of Traffic on Double Track by Means of

or other and probably always will be. We Block Signals," also diagrams of hand, flag

trust its principle is inbred in the mind and lamp signals and train signals. The

and heart of every railroad man: In book is well worth the price and much

case of doubt take the safe side. valuable information may be obtained from

This completes the rules for "Movement a study of it. In this course of lessons we

of Trains." The next lesson will take up are quoting each rule, but if one possesses

that part of the Code which is designated, the authorized copy, as above described, it

"Rules For Movement by Train Orders.'* will be found to be a great help.

1. — ^What is the rule on your road with questions.

regard to filling the place of the flagman 152.— "We have had considerable discus-

when he is required to leave the train? 2. — sion over the following question: I am

Why is this necessary? Do you work on a work train working between A and

under Rule 101 as it is in the new Standard D. When I left the terminal, on checking

Code? 4. — If not, how does your rule up I found that all regular trains due to

differ from it? 5. — If a trainman discovers leave had departed. I have now drawn in-

the train parted, what should he immediate- to a siding to allow No. 20, a first class

ly do? 6. — If the engineman discovers it, train, to pass. Along on this train's time

what should he do? 7.— As soon as both comes a freight train, which neither carries

portions of the train are brought to a stop signals, whistles, signals nor stops, but pro-

what should the trainmen do? 8.— What ceeds right along. The question is, Is this

kind of instruction is given on your road train No. 20, the first class train, or not, and

in regard to Rule 103 ? 9.— Is it generally have I a right to believe it No. 20 and go ?"

understood as indicated here? 10. — Sup- — C. O. L.

pose you should receive verbal information Answer. — A strict interpretation of the

about a bad spot in the track or other un- rules and usages of single track operation

safe place, what would be your duty? 11. — would warrant you in assuming that the

What are the two important principles in- train was No. 20. It was the only regular

volved in Rule 104? 12. — Under what train due in that direction and the train

circumstances may it be possible for some that passed was a regular because it dis-

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230 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

played no signals to indicate anything to they needed no orders. Which is right?"

the contrary. — ^J. D.

This answer is, we believe, fully war- Answer. — If we understand the situation

ranted by rule and practice, and yet the sit- correctly. Engine 3 ran from A to B as

nation as described by the questioner is pe- No. 219. From B to E Engines 1 and 2

culiar. A freight train filling a first class ran as 1st and Engine 3 as 2d 219. Then

schedule is very unusual to say the least, the order to run as sections was annulled

and on many roads such a thing is forbid- and a message given to all three engines to

den. Some very natural questions may run as No. 219.

arise. Could it be possible that in checking The only criticism we should offer would

the register I overlooked some regular train, be that it would have been better to include

the schedule of which is not yet filled? in the annulling order the instruction to

Might not this have been an extra and run as No. 219. It is a question whether

neither myself nor crew have seen the sig- they would be justified in running as No.

nals? Is it not possible that it was an ex- 219 without a train order and if the writer

tra and they forgot to display their white were the dispatcher he would not ask them

signals ? to do so. We believe, on the whole, the en-

We should feel some hesitancy under «^^<^" ^<^^<^ "^^i^' ^^^J s^^^^^l ^^« ^^

these circumstances in going out on the ^"^f'^^f *^ T^vT.^

main track taking it for granted that No. ^ Situations of this kind are not provided

20 had passed, (we assume that there is no f^^ '" ^^ "*>^^ and there are few^ if any,

telegraph office at this station), but should instructions <:onceming them. Our own

* * u* • »u..-:*«*: ^ :«*«..— >dea is that if the identity of a tram is

try to obtain some authontative informa- , , , . . ^ , . ..

, ^. . , .^ / .1. a. • re *u changed by tram order after leaving its

tion as to the identity of the tram. If the . .,. , ^ f ., - ^, , .* ,

initial station, if any further change is de-
sired, whether a return to its original des-
ignation or any other change, it should be
by train order. In regard to such cases
ask your train master or superintendent.

work train could proceed in the direction
of No. 20 to the next telegraph station we
believe it would be justified in so doing,
keeping a close watch for a possible No. 20

which might be following. If it could not ^r />- . ...

move in this direction we believe it would 1^- ^ *"^ <>" No. 94 going north, with

be the safest plan to remain on the siding "«^t over all except first class trams. Wc

or move under the protection of a flag. ^ft the following 19 order: 'No. 94, En-

gine 645, will meet 2d No. 93, Engine 832,

Dispatchers and trainmen should take the ^t B. No. 94 gets this order at B.' We

precaution to advise other trains in case of ^^^ ^^ g a„^ ^^ a clear board and Engine

unusual procedures in train movements, but 2019. We stopped and asked the dispatcher

even if this is understood, it will not re- for a message in regard to Engine 2019

lieve other trains from making sure that b^jng on 2d 93, instead of Engine 832. He

those superior to them have passed. This ^^i^ ^g jid not need anything Dut a clear

and all similar cases calls for the use of board. Our book of rules says that a 19

Rule 106, Take the safe side. order cannot be used to restrict the right

153.-«No. 219, Engine 3, leaves A with of a superior train, but we had a 19, giving,

clearance card. It arrives at B and gets ^ flat meet order with Engine 832. What

order No. 1 as follows: 'Light Engines 1 ^o you think of it?"— J- W. R.

and 2 coupled and Engine 3 will run as 1st The questioner says he got the 19 order

and 2d 219 B to G.' 1st 219 takes siding at B to meet 2d 93 at that station, and also

at E for No. 4. 2d 219 makes E for No. 4. that when he got to B he found a clear

Dispatcher sends order No. 2, annulling board. This is not very plain so we do

order No. 1, also a message for light En- not exactly understand the situation,

gines 1 and 2 to couple with 219. Engineers With regard to the use of the 19 order to

refuse to go, there being no register at E. restrict the rights of his train, we should

They claim 219 may have run from E over say that is was a violation of the rules of

the rest of the division. Conductor claimed that road as he quotes them, although of

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

231

course that would not aflFect No. W so far
as complying with the terms of the order is
concerned.

As to 2d 93 having Engine 2019 mstead
of 832 as called for by the order, the dis-
patcher was wrong, in our judgment, in
refusing to give the information asked foe

155. — "Engine 5d5 gets orders at Chicago
Heights to run ahead of No. 53 until over-
taken by No. 55. Nos. 53 and 55 are sec-
ond class Red Ball freights. Engine 565 is
an extra. No. 53 is due first but for some
reason No. 55 will be first When Extra
565 gets to Momence Junction No. 55 is
due. Can Extra 565 proceed ahead of No.
55 or will he go in for No. 55 and No. 53 ?
It is considered here he has a right to go,
so he proceeds to Coaler where he heads
in and takes coal and water, and when
ready to go No. 55 has not come yet No.
55 only runs to Woodland Junction, so he
goes to Woodland Junction and finds him-
self on No. 53's time. Has he a right to
go ahead of No. 53 any further? No. 55
has not overtaken him yet and there is no
passing track at Woodland Junction. Wood-
land Junction is only three miles from
Coaler. Should he have stayed at Coaler?
Again, if he had come to Woodland Junc-
tion ahead of No. 55's time could he have
proceeded ahead of No. 53, being on her
time? This condition is a very common one
here and opinion is divided." — T. R. Y.

Answer. — We scarcely know how to
answer this question for the reason that
evidently the practice on that road differs
from that of the Standard Code. The order
itself is peculiar and not according to stan-
dard forms. An order for an extra to run
ahead of No. 53 until overtaken by No. 55
is certainly unusual It would seem to in-
dicate that the ordinary rules governing an
extra ahead of a regular train were not
strictly observed. It is therefore hard to
tell at a distance just what would be ex-
pected of the extra. The questioner says it
is considered that the extra has a right,

under the circumstances described, to pro-
ceed from Momence Junction, which also
gives the appearance of a very liberal con-
struction of the rules.

Considering the question from a purely
rulable standpoint, the order gives the ex-
tra no authority to run on the time of No.
55, but only to run ahead of No. 53 "until
overtaken by No. 55." From this it would
seem that No. 53 is following No. 55 so
closely that the dispatcher wants the ex-
tra to wait for No. 53 where it is passed
by No. 55. Having no time on 55 it should
take the siding when it gets on its time,
and this, we are told, is at Momence Junc-
tion. According to rule it cannot leave
there until both trains pass. Our corres-
pondent says, however, that it runs to
Woodland Junction and asks if it can go
ahead of 53 from there. As there is no
siding at that point there seems to be no
other alternative than to go to the next
siding, although the rules would not per-
mit it In fact, the rules would not per-
mit it to run ahead of the trains farther
than Momence Junction, as has been said.

It is evident, however, that on this road,
trains running ahead of others are not held
strictly to the rules, so that possibly no
objection would be made to the extra run-
ning ahead of No. 53 until overtaken.

We do not know the practice on that
road, but our own opinion is that it is well
to allow considerable latitude in such cases
and if the men on each train keep a sharp
lookout for each other, the inferior train
taking a siding as soon as the other comes
in sight, that trains can often be kept
moving for a long distance without orders,
whereas if orders were necessary and a
strict observance of rules insisted upon
many delays would take place which might
otherwise be avoided. This, however, is
only our opinion. It is not in the nature of
instruction or advice. Each train must be
governed by the rules of its own road and
the instructions of its proper officers.

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232

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Playing To The Gallery.

We scoff at the man who is playing

To the gallery day after day;
We sneer at the glib politician

Who starts after office that way.
We hear him addressing "the peepul/'

And we turn from the scene in disgust,
But the gallery whoops and elects him,

And in him reposes its trust.

We laugh at the best selling novel.

We smile at the tawdry romance.
But the gallery gladly accepts them

And give to our books not a glance.
We merely eke out an existence

While he who produces the trash
Is placidly living in splendor

And calmly securing the cash.

The player has learned that he triumphs

If the gallery deigns to applaud.
And he knows that he fails if his acting

Has not stirred the heart of the god.
We madly go chasing the rainbow

And babble of art, in our pride,
While the ones who are steadily pleasing

The galleries push us aside.

— Chicago Rtcord'H^rald,

An Anniversary Poem.

Ten years ago i faithful few
Among the wives of trainmen here
Resolved to form a sisterhood
To scatter words of love and cheer.

We were a small but loyal band.
With faith and courage strong.
And did the best we could those days
To help the needy throng.

We felt the need of active work

Along the lines this Lodge stands for —

Works of pure Mercy and Relief —

Such as the world needs — more and more.

With hope and courage firm and strong.
Our future now we face«
Resolved to keep up our good work
Where'er need makes a place.

We saw among the Brotherhood
The needy and the destitute
And then resolved to organize
To see if we could do them good.

And then when all our work is o*er.
Life's checkered journey run.
May each one hear from Father's lips
The welcome words, "Well done!"
Gladys C. Kennon.
Tenth Anniversary, L. A. to B. of R. T., Ko. 110.

Summer In The Shops.

The blizzard howls about the town
With ice and snow along its wake;

In furry coat I wander down,
Of winter bargains to partake.

My breath is frescoing the pane;

And how the wind howls in its gleel
Yet as my eager glance I strain

I see but gauzy lingerie.

Before the dry goods mart I stand
With mud fast freezing to my spats.

And gaze on an assortment grand.
Of filmy laces and straw hats.

Shirt waists, designed for Augtist heat.
And silken hose for balmy air.

On every hand my vision greet
As I remain half frozen there.

"What garb is this?" amazed I cry,
"To don as winter's tempests roll?"

And then across the street I hie
And buy another ton of coal.

L. S. Water H0us«.

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8«nd all rM&itUnoM for rabtoripfliona to the Onukd Soontorf and TrMmuor. Boo Section 80 Oonttitation. amnd
Lodco.

Lottonfor tliUdepartmont most bo wrtiton on one tide of paper only, written with Ink and mnet be at the office
not later than the 12th of the month to Inrare inaertion in the current number.

All ehangee of addrsM, oommunieatlona perUlnins to the Journal, etc., ahonld be sent to the Editor. Do not tend
rocolntlona.

When tbo Journal doea not reach yon. Immediately ffWe ue your name, correct addreae and the number of your

Quadrennial Conventions.

Now that the first month of the new year is
here and past, it might be an opportune time for
the rank and file of the memberdiip to try to
think clearly and reason wisely and dispassionately
as to what should be done at the next convention,
this being the proper time to utilize our oppor*
tunities along these lines.

As only a small percent of the membership will
be able to participate in the convention delibera-
tions, therefore we must use the columns of the
Journal to place our views before the members.

The writer thinking that one of the most bene-
fidal acts which' the convention should pass, would
be to change the convention periods from biennial
to quadrennial, thereby keeping the Grand Lodge
Officers to the work among the various lodges,
saving the membership of the Brotherhood every
four years at least $100,000. as it will cost in the
future, including railroad fare and the increasing
number of delegates, at least that amount. When
it comes to paying railroad fare, for, say 800
delegates, it will add greatly to the cost of the
convention. This is a proposition that we did not
have to contend with in the past. The latter
factor makes it absolutely essential that the future
conventions be held in some centrally located
place, and not as in the past, flying around like
the will-o'-the-wisp.

It is not announcing or making any great dis-
covery when the writer has claimed that the time
is past, apparently, to all thinking members that
it is even in keeping with common sense to con-
tinue to hold conventions as often as in the past.
To do so would be a frank admission that we are
not progressing.

Our Constitution at the present time represents
matured judgment and years of practical experi-
ence, as well as the very best thought of the
brainiest men the Brotherhood has been able to
produce.

Standing face to face with these conditions is it
possible that any fair-minded member will be so

unreasonable as to attempt to impede the laws of
progress by opposing this change?

The Constitution Grand Lodge, page 12, Section
21. makes provision for the calling of special con-
ventions by 100 lodges. It would be well, pro-
viding these changes are made, to have a longer
period to exist between conventions, to amend
this section by giving the Grand Master and the
Board of Grand Trustees power to call a special '
convention. This would fully safeguard the in-
terests of the Brotherhood.

In case an emergency arose the members of the
Grand Lodge could call a special convention.

No doubt some will say that the writer a few
years ago advocated triennial conventions and
that it was defeated at the New Orleans Conven-
tion. That would be true. It virtually goes with-
out saying that time records that measures have
been overwhelmingly defeated and later enacted
into laws that were extremely beneficial.

At the New Orleans Convention the writer ad-
vocated enactment of a law requiring the securing
of five names only, to a grievance, before pre-
senting to the lodge, in lieu of a majority. This
was easily laughed down, but at a later conven-
tion the law was changed and went even further
than the original proposed amendment, viz.. re-
quiring only the signature of the aggrieved. Who
would now turn back the hand of progress and
return to the old method?

Another change that should be made, that is
regarding the lodge directory in every issue of
the JouKNAL. If eliminating it was a popular and
beneficial move, I have not come in contact with
any who endorsed it

New officers have been elected and installed. If
a member desired to communicate with, or to
locate a new officer or a lodge meeting place,
where could the information be secured? Surely
not in the Jousnal. While it is true that by pub-
lishing the directory only four times a year, it
leaves more space for reading matter, nevertheless
I feel absolutely confident that the rank and file
of the members would be as elated if this change

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were made as they were when the Toronto Con- failed to make good hia promise. Mr. White was
vention repudiated the new ritual and ordered the very forcibly informed that he had lied to the
old one readopted. And if a member is seeking men about taking care of them.

employment or a lodge officer in a strange town,
and is unable to find a Joubnal with the lodge di-
rectory therein, then in the name of common
sense, how is he going to do it. The paramount

issue at that time U not reading matter, but bene- Switchmen's Union

Mr. Hawley came to Galveston and brought
with him all of the Switchmen's Union members
he could find to assist in driving the B. R. T.
men from the yards. The members of the

took it upon themselves to

fidal information which may assUt him in secur- .^ack any member of the B. R. T. they could find
ing a situation, also in some instances to find a ^^ne, and then go to the saloons and teU what

place where he can eat and sleep.
The writer fully believes that if these changes

they had done. The B. R. T. members stood this
for a while and then put several of the Switch-

are made they will be extremely beneficial, and ^„., Union brothers in the hospital, which stop-

that having once been adopted, we'll wonder why p^^ ^^-^^ fighting. So far as the trial before the

we were unable to appreciate the benefits before Trades Council at Galveston is concerned, the

^* ^^ ^' ^ Whielimo, leg. aaid about it, the better, because there was

Lodge No. «4. nothing to it so far as the B. R. T. was concerned.

(The directory U sent to every one who asks Mr. Hawley went before the CouncU and talked

for it. The average requesU per month are less for almost two hours. He informed the members

than ten. It might occur to the "stranger" on of that body that if the railroads did not give up

meeting a man with a Jou«nal to get his informs- the contracts to the Switchmen's Union, and if

tion from him.)

Denison, Texas.

the B. R. T. members did not leave the city
within forty-eight hours, he would not be respon*
ible for what would happen to them.

Mr. Anderson, who demanded that the railway
managers give up the B. R. T. contracts, ia a
rather irresponsible party, who does not attract

I want to express my views on the trouble with
the Switchmen's Union at Galveston. Texas. I
note the Switchmen's Journal has only given one "»«ch attention in thU community. To show how
side of the affair, and as I went through both the much he knew of the situation, he advised the

Wharf and the G. H. & H. troubles, I feel that I
know something about them.

On October 28. 1006. the regularly elected Griev

railway managers that at the last Convention they
gave all the railroad yards to the Switchmen's
Union; that the Trainmen "train" the cars; the

ance Committee of Lodge No. 451, with Third Switchmen "switch" the cars, consequently the

Vice-Grand Master W. T. Newman and the Gen*
eral Manager of the G. H. & H.. made a contract
to cover the road and yards of the G. H. & H.

Trainmen have no business in the yards.

Mr. Anderson's appeal and demand were not
heeded, and when Mr. Keefe of the Longshore-

At that time we had eighteen B. R. T. men. out men's Union was advised of the true situation,
of twenty-six in the yard at Galveston. There his organization very promptly advised the Switch-
were five S. U. members, one B. L. F. member men's Union that they would not engage in a

and two non-members.

sympathetic strike to help them. As soon as Mr.

Mr. T. M. Flynn was elected chairman and Hawley found out that he had played the string

served on the committee until the Switchmen's and could make nothing from it, he left the city.

Union made a demand for our contract on No- I have it as a fact that Mr. Hawley advised the

vember 28. 1906. and was refused by the officials railway manager that if he would annul the con-

of the G. H. & H. When this occurred, Mr. tracts with the B. R. T. his members would be

Flynn came to Brother Newman and said that willing to work without a contract

he did not want to be misunderstood, and that They have set up a howl about taking the bread

he did not go out with the Switchmen's Union on out of their families' mouths. Very few of these men

strike, but merely laid off. and that he wanted had any families, and the few of them that had.

to go back to work. He was advised by Brother robbed them when they foolishly refused to work

Newman that he could not go back to work. We under a contract made by the B. R. T.. which was

consider Mr. Flynn one of the worst traitors to one of the best in the State of Texas. The

the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen that we
have yet discovered, and we feel he got his just
dues.

Switchmen's Union has not said much about the
G. C. & S. F. walk-out The Union made the
same play for the B. R. T. contract that it made

The Switchmen's Union objected to working on the G. H. & H. The Santa Fc officials refused
under the contract made by the B. R. T.. claiming to grant their request, and they quit work at
that it was not legal, but if it was not legal, why eleven o'clock in the morning and returned to

did they work under it for thirty-three da]rs? I
believe the men were led into it by a certain Mr.

work at two o'clock in the afternoon, on the ad-
vice of Mr. Hawley. When they returned, the
White, the business agent for the Switchmen's SanU Fe officials advised them that they were no
Union, who promised the men if they would longer needed. One member of the Switchmen's
leave their jobs, he would see that they were Union refused to leave his job and advised the
taken car« of. This same Mr. White got into a remainder of his brethren that they were acting
difficulty with one of his Switchmen's Union very foolishly in leaving their employment
Brothers, and was cut in the side because he This is the truth of the situation at>Galvestonr

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235

A grett deal hat been said concerning It, and the
Switchmen's Union has endeavored to create s
great deal of outside sympathy because of its rep-
resentations.

Yours in B. S. & I.,

S. K. Schwartz.

BuCfalo, N. Y.

Do you regard the lodge of any benefit to
yourself and family? If so, can you not give one
evening or one afternoon at lodge once a month
to attend to its interests? Is it right or just that
a few should bear the burden of keeping up the
lodge when they have no more interest in it than ^Y. T**** .^^****'
you have? If all the members took no more

Now that is our side of it. If they had used
the proper methods, they might have won over a
large percent from our order. It doesn't make
much difference to the average railroad man what
the name of an order is as long as it is a good
one, but isn't there some way by which we can
stop this continual fighting? If I am right, we
both have about the same objects in view in the
main, but how are we going to do it? If we are
going to fight, I believe the railroad companies
will furnish us with guns and all the ammunition
we need, and will use their influence with Con-
gress to pass an act (of charity) by which we
can slaughter each other by rules prescribed for

It is quite an eye sore, this time-worn and rag.

terest in the lodge than you do. how long would ^^^"^ •"*»^*** *^** ^^^ « «*ch month as we are

it exist? If in case of sickness there should be
none to call or visit you, would you not feel that
the lodge had neglected its duty to you? Is it
not your duty as a member of this lodge to as-
sist its officers in the work of the lodge? If

reading our Jouknal. I like to read the Joua-
KAL from "kiver to kiver," and I always
feel bad when I run on to our battle
ground where "every one is wounded and no one
hurt." We should consider that our order was a

those attending to the business of the lodge ^. •^^^^ ^^ "^^^^ ^r. and Mrs. Switcher were

should decide to follow your example, what would °»af>"» goo-goos" around the corner of the

become of your interest; and, if forfeited, would ^"^^^^ ^^titJ, and it behooves us as one of the

you not have just cause to rcpreach yourself for o»<*er school to let the boy switcher learn by sad

neglect? experience that he can't do any good for himself

Brothers, think of these quesUons. Ponder ""l ^»"» *^ "» ^y *>^*3rs fighting. We should set

over them and ask yourselves what can I do as a "** ^.f^P^ ^•^r be he wiU get ashamed after

member to best serve the lodge and its officers? * ^'**** and try to be decent. We don't hate you.

I wUl ten you; attend the meetings, take part in "5" ^^^ ?"* y<>" •" ^ persistent and, at times,

the work of the lodge. Satisfy yourself on this ^^^ «re irritating. We wiU let you have your

point and then turn in and lend a helping hand, ^f^ *° **»* ^"*«''«- No one will be any the wiser

If you have a friend who is not a member, try ^»^° ^^^ «** *»»«>"«1> listening to you. We take

and have him join us and aid in increasing the ™ >f"*»*>n *>' » ^^^^ reUtive, who does not

membership. We know full well that remaining JV'^ *5* ^""^ ***' ^"^^ "^"^^ ""** ***'' *^*»"*^'*"-

away from the lodge room becomes a habit, not Xo«/»dn't have the proper care; you are to be

that you love the order less, but that you remain P**"*^' " " 3r*»"' I««nts' fault, not yours, but

away from its meetings. There never will be a ^"^^^ whenever you fight us or we fight you,

better time for you to break the habit than next "^l ^^^ '"^ ''*?^"* ** ""** ^ '"^ "P*"' •"^

k>dge night. If you are not in possession of the Z^V^^^ ?*" "*..T^*' ^^ ^ generally a gain,

password come to the lodge room early so as to N"**'«' *^^ »" ^»" ^ ^« ««*"«'' ^"^ ^ «>"•

avoid working your way into the lodge. We have
done all in our power to have you get interested
in the meetings, but so far have failed. It is
now for you to decide what the future of the
lodge shall be. Is it to continue or not?
Yours in B., S. & I.,

A. Van Houtik,
No. 187.

panics will be if we carry it too far.

J. J. M., Lodge No. 28.

Creston, Iowa.

Clearfield, Pa.

We have a great deal of work to do, and if we
would all do our part, instead of having one or
two do it all, how much easier the task would be.
The first thing is to all join in getting members
to join our order. It will not be hard to convince
anyone now what the order has done; they cannot
In our New Year's issue of the Joubnal, I find put up the plea that the company gave the raise
that we have again started in to defend ourselves of it own free will.

against the Switchmen's Union. The B. of R. T. Take the Reading R. R. See the advantages
and the Switchmen's Union have been at daggers' the B. R. T. gained there, and to see what it
points ever since the Switchmen's Union has been gained in Chicago and other places is enough to
in existence. Had the Switchmen's Union been prove that the B. R. T. got the raise, and it was
on the ground first, it would have been well enough by hard work, not by the company saying "yes."
for them to have arranged things to suit them- This is like a tug of war. Let each member get
selves, but as we were here and had yard con- hold of the B. R. T. end of the rope and see if
tracts, and had a large percent of our members we don't always come out best,
emplojred in the yard, we can't aflPord to turn over The next thing Is, do you attend meetings regu-
so large a number, just for the sake of being a larly? Don't say "yes," for very few would be
"good fellow.** telling the truth if they did. Miss everything but

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236 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

meetings, txcept i ca11» for you would get five the desire of railroad companies to haul the great*

days for that, and we could only give you a black est number of tons per mile» or, in other words,

mark for missing meetings. the tonnage system of operation. If it takes a

We have in every lodge members whom I call crew more than sixteen hours to make a living

hot headed who never attend meetings, and yet wage, then our present system of mileage paid is

they know it all, and when you hear them blowing faulty, and the quicker it is changed the better,

off, it is not to a B. R. T. man, but to those that Nearly all of the railroad organizations have

never intend to join, and in five minutes the train recently been asking for an eight or ten hour day,

master is reading the minutes of our last meeting and still some of these same men who are paying

and knows everything we are doing. Let me tell a legislative representative at Washington to fight

these members something. When your time conies for this measure, oppose a bill which will stop

to talk, get in the lodge room, or get before me, them working at sixteen hours. The average rail-

or some other member, and we will screw your road man will go out on the road when he is unfit

"pop" down so you will not blow off for a while, for duty, and stay out. I believe I am right

I mention no names, so if the cap fits, then when I say there is not a schedule or contract in

wear it, and come to the lodge room with the in- existence today that will allow the crew on the

tention of making me take back what I said, then road to tie up at the end of sixteen hours. They

I will tell you how your talk is getting members must ask the dispatcher, and what is the result?

for us, and how the Brotherhood appreciates your I need not answer. Railroad men are skilled

kindness. I do not want these members to think workmen, and, as such, are the lowest paid of all

we hate them. "No," but we hate the work they skilled labor.

are doing. Suppose you did not belong to the We have obtained a wonderful increase in wages

order, and a B. R. T. man would talk as you did. within the last few years, and much credit should

What would you say about him? I will answer be given the organizations, but don't let us knock

for you. You would say, "He is a black sheep, a thing that is destined for our own good. Let's

a turn-coat* a false Brotherhood man,** and I get busy, and help in the way we can to get this

would not trust a man like that. bill passed. Think this over seriously.

Always speak a good word for the order. Come One op You.

to lodge, and if you do not know what the lodge '■
is doing, have it explained to you.

Our lodge has been doing some great work in
the past year. Our treasury has increased about

$400. Now, to whom will we give this credit? I* I ^ allowed the space I wiU express a few

Not to those who don't attend, but to the ones thoughts I have about the value of a human Ufe

that kept down expenses and watched every cent »» »* *» appraised by greedy corporations,

like a hawk, and one of them was our Financier. When we consider that the railroads kill more

Encourage the new oflkers in their work, and ^^an famine or war, we would ask about the value

at the end of 1907 see where our treasury will be. they pUce upon a Ufe.

A fat treasury means a fat order. Just call to Take for instance the cash value the Wabash

memory where we stood in 1905, and then you P"t upon a train load of people. A miner going

wiU appreciate our last year's work. •»«>'"« discovered a mass of earth and rock upon

M. L. FAtBELL, the track. He succeeded in flagging an accommo-

Secretary Lodge No. 661. dation train, thereby saving a considerable loss of

. property and probably of life. The management

of the road presented the hero with the enormous

Scin Francisco, Cb\, sum of seventy-five dollars — according to news-

— - paper reports.

I read with interest the opposition that is being The awful horror of Terra CotU along the line

made to Senator La Follette's bill, and if you ©f the B. & O. R. R. and the subsequent investi-

don't know what this bill is, you should. This gation of the Coroner and the Interstate Com-

criticism is not alone from the railroads, but from merce Commission brought to light the fact that

the railway employes as wdL This is somewhat the monthly salary of a block operator was of

of a surprise to me. more value than a train load of people.

It has been a known fact that a great many Just where they can feel justified in withdraw-
serious accidents have been the result of train ing the safeguards, after the sun has gone down,
crews being on the road an excessive length of I fail to see. The trainmen are held by the corn-
time. Many accidents of which the public knows pany to be the ones to blame; but this is not just,
very little, if anything, happen every day from and I for one believe the loose and unsafe opera-
this same cause, and it is surprising to note the tion of the block system is far worse than no
general opinion on this subject among the railroad block system at all. The men at the head of the
employes who are conversant with these facts, transportation department of the B. & O. are the

Following this law from its birth, I am more ones to blame, and I base my opinion on this

convinced now than ever that the employe is fact: The regtdar train was late and made numer-

afraid of this bill, if it becomes a law. cutting ous stops. The extra was running on fast time

ii.to his wages. We all know that crews are aver- gradually closing with the delayed No. 66, and

aging longer hours than a few years ago. This had no stops. The train sheet would show the

is due for several causes, the principal one being proximity of two trains to each other. Neither

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

237

crew knew of this. The train dispatcher knew
what would be likely to hi^pen between Silver
Springs and University, the intermediate blocks
being dead. He ought to have at least warned
the extra to look out for the delayed No. 66.
Ordinary horse sense would have suggested this.
Why, even on this one-horse coal road of ours a
delayed passenger train would be known by every
extra on the line.

Now if I am permitted to suggest a remedy,
without being called a crank, I would say that if
a law were to be passed compelling any corpora-
tic i that deprives any one of life, directly or in-
directly, to pay according to the annual wage of
tlie party for the years yet remaining of the al*
lotted three score and ten; L e.« a man earning
$1,000 per year, being killed at the age of thirty
years, his family is deprived of $1,000 for the re-
maining forty years, or $40,000. This would cut
down the death rate I am sure. But such legis-
lation would not be possible while Senator "Side
of a Hog" and others of his stamp are there to
oppose any measure for the benefit of the poor.

No. 22 has about all the men qualified for mem-
bership upon the rolL We are gathering them in
one by one and expect soon to demonstrate the
benefits of our order to all fellow "shacks" and
"cons.** Our officers are all eager to make 1907
the banner year for No. 22 and wish to see B. of
R. T. increase more than ever before. I wish a
prosperous year to the Jouimal.
Fraternally yours,

Chas. Sullivan,
Secretary No. 22.

Criticism Of The Sixteen Hour Law,

On page 0 of the Railroad Gasette will be found
the following:

FKOPOSSO 16-HOUl LAW.

F. C. Rice» General Inspector of Train Service,
of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, has gathered
a number of criticisms on the bill before Con-
gress to limit the working hours of trainmen, from
some of which we quote the following paragraphs:

a W. CIEIGHTON, PINNSTLVANIA.

"Nothing is more demoralizing than to have a
long lay-over away from home, where the men
are without home comforts and hence are more
lilMly to misuse the time allowed for rest, and
consequently would return for duty less prepared
for their work than if they returned immediately
to their homes, where proper and comfortable rest
could be taken.

'The fact that the men would be taken from
their runs at the expiration of the time limit of
sixteen hours would in practice also operate
against additional safety in railroading, because
the men themselves would object to being relieved
from doty out along the line at any point where
the sixteen-hour limit might find them, for the
reason that they could not reach a point where
they could take rest any sooner than if they con-
tinued on to the completion of their run or trip;
if relieved on the road their earnings

would be cut off, and in most instances they would
be compelled to continue on to destination on
same train from which they had just been taken
off. This fact would at once offer a premium for
reckless or fast running in order to reach desti-
nation within the time limit of sixteen hours and
therefore add to the liability of accidents.

J. KSUTTSCHNITT, SOUTHBKN PACIFIC.

"The passage of this law will not afford any
additional protection or safeguard against railroad
accidents, for the reason that it is not now the
practice to keep men on duty in excess of sixteen
hours, except in cases of accidents, storm or other
emergency. Accidents due to this cause have been
of rare occurrence.

"If this law is passed, it will be necessary to
abandon a number of terminals* in order to
shorten the distance between same to from 100
to 120 miles each, many of the present terminals
being in excess of these limits. This will force
our present employes to sacrifice the savings they
have invested in homes, and also compel the rail-
roads to give up valuable facilities and provide
new ones; and it will also seriously interfere wiih
commercial interests at such terminals as will be
abandoned. Freight terminals must necessarily be
located at points where living acconmiodations can
be obtained for employes, and where suitable
school facilities can be had, and only at such
points where an ample supply of good water is
available, and where it is possible to obtain suit-
able space for yard tracks and other facilities.

"Its enforcement will necessitate delaying trains
between terminals until employes have had the
required number of hours' rest, or until relief
employes can be sent from the nearest terminal.
The tying of trains in traffic, perhaps within a
short distance of terminal, will prove a great hard-
ship \o employes, as the delay will invariably oc-
cur at a point where there are no facilities for
rest and meals, or necessary force to care for
train and engine, and where, perhaps, neither fuel
nor water is available.*'

H. J. HOKN, NOITHIKN PACIPIC.

"Whatever plan is adopted, the cost of freight
transportation will be largely increased; and, at
the same time, shippers will suffer loss and incon-
venience from delay in making deliveries. In
many instances, it will be necessary to tie up
trains at points where neither fuel nor water for
engines nor food for the, men can be obtained.
The number of hours that a man is in this class
of service depends on the condition of the man.
By this, I mean that one man can stand, under
certain conditions, twenty* four hours' service; and
another man, in another class of service, is only
able to stand eight hours. There is nobody except
the man in the service who knows whether he is fit
for duty or not. Our train records show that
train and engine men have had ample opportunity
for rest, and yet may have been up all night, from
various causes; they may have had sickness at
home, or some slight ailment themselves. I have
never known of a case where a superintendent
tried to push a man out on the road who said he

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

was unfit for service; And the law should compel
the employe to say when he is unfit.'*

16 HOUBS vs. REDUCCO TOKNACE.

It is really amusing to read the above criticisms
over carefully. If we get down to the practical
side of railroading it looks like a very weak de-
fense these gentlemen are making. It looks very
much as if they are afraid if this bill becomes a
law it will cause them to reduce their tonnage.
Mr. Creigfaton says: "Nothing is more demoral-
izing than to have a long lay-over away from
home.*' We will admit this. But how many
division superintendents look at this question in
the same light Conceding this to be true, a
great many divisions over the country are today
very much demoraltMed. It is my experience that
we lay at the other end of the road until the
tonnage is received to run a fuii train, and the
length of time it takes to get this tonnage is never
taken into consideration.

It is also said: "The men would object to be-
ing relieved from duty out along the line at any
place the sixteen-hour limit might find them." It
is absurd to think a railroad company would tie
up its trains on the road at any and all points,
"no matter how small,** when the sixteen hours
were up. It would not be necessary to do so,
as these trains could get over any division in the
United States in six hours, if given a proper load
that could be moved at a reasonable and safe
speed. There would be no necessary reason to
violate the law. But Mr. Creighton says: "This
would offer a premium for reckless or fast run-
ning in order to reach the destination within the
time limit of sixteen hours.**

You will agree with me that the average time
of a freight train, "while in motion,** is from
twenty to thirty miles per hour, and some times
more. If, as we know, the average division point
is 126 to 150 miles in length, if the freight trains
did and could go through without any delays,
these division points would be made in remark-
ably short time and we would not now need to be
legislating for a sixteen-hour law. But they can-
not do this. We must expect delays of various
natures to all trains. The question is. Are some
of the delays necessary? You might say. Most
delays are. Case after case I can refer to will
show about the following: Take an 150 mile di-
vision and twenty-five miles an hour for speed. If,
as cited above, the freight train had no delays,
it would make this piece of track in six hours.
But it usually takes sixteen hours, and some times
more. Now, where is this ten-hour delay? Is it
not caused, in mott cases, by the overloading of
our trains. Cannot the delays be traced to this
cause on a great many trips?

It seems since the ten-mile system of operation
has been used it is necessary to have this delay
from the company*s side. We know it takes
longer to "take coal and water,** "head in and
out," do switching, etc., with a heavy train than
a light one. Railroads today are looking to the
road mile system of operation, and not in getting

trains over the road. Is it an advertisement to
Mr. Kruttschnitt*s roads to admit that if this bill
becomes a law it will take his freight trains more
than sixteen hours to get over his 160 mile divis-
ions and that his divisions will have to be reduced
to 120 miles and less so this distance can be made
in sixteen hours? He sa]rs: "It is not now the
practice to keep men on duty in excess of sixteen
hours, except in accidents, storms and emergency
cases."

We must admit these "emergency cases** cover
a multitude of sins. How does he account for
the following: This is a check of a condnc'Vs
time who followed his car for the month of Sep-
tember, 1906.

h. m.

Sept 1, *06 — On road about 136 miles.... 18:00

8, *06— On road about 126 miles... .19:00

" 5, *06— On road about 136 miles 31:80

" 10, '0«— On road about 126 miles. ...30:10
" 11, *06 — On road about 186 miles.... 16:00

13, *oe— On road about 136 miles 17:16

" 16, '06— On road about 136 miles 16:80

17, '06— On road about 136 miles 20:20

19, *06 — On road about 136 miles.... 30:15

30, '06— On road about 136 miles.... 18:46

31, '06— On road about 136 miles.... 19:16
24, '06— On road about 125 miles.... 18:80

" 35-36, '06— On road about 136 miles... .80:40

38, '06— On road about 135 miles.... 16:80

39, '06— On road about 136 miles.... 16:60
This division is about 135 miles.

He has failed to state or give credit to the fact
that the bill as passed by the Senate provides
for accidents, breakdowns, etc. So we believe
Mr. Horn would not tie up his motive power at
points where he could get neither coal nor water,
when he could get them into a terminal within
sixteen hours by the reduction of his train ton-
nage? He also states: "He has never known of a
case where a superintendent tried to push a man
out on the road who said he was unfit for service.**
I am not aware of the facilities that Mr. Horn has
at hand to find this out, but I can advise him of a
case where one of his superintendents discharged
a man for refusing to mark down more than
eighteen hours. Many cases on other lines can
be shown of this kind.

It is the reduction of tonnage that Mr. Creigfa-
ton and Mr. Kruttschnitt are afraid of and not
the tying up of trains between terminals.

Some law should be enacted that will not only
compel the railroads, but the men as well, to re-
lieve the condition of long hours as it now exists.
It seems the companies will fight this bill, as they
usually do any bill looking to the advancement of
civilization. It looks to me as if it were sixteen
hours vs. reduced tonnage. I would like to ask
one question. Why b it these gentlemen are op-
posed to this bill if it is true ss Mr. Kruttschnitt
says: "It is not now the practice to keep men
on duty in excess of sixteen hours"? This shows
the weakness of their defense.

OiTB Who Knows Wsxir Hi Has Eirouos.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 239

Souare Deal ^° ^^ grave on which was written "28.** And

^ * the gang hurried back to the hospital to be ready

Freaident Rooserelfa special message to Con- ^or the next. These two brothers returned to the

gress telling of his trip to Panama and giving hospital for information concerning the other two

facU and impressions concerning the progress of unfortunate members of our organization. They

the work there, reads very much like the report *o"nd the body of Brother Walker lying upon a

of a wide-awake correspondent of an enterprUing *«We in a room, and it was certainly a very sick-

newq>aper or magazine. The President's message «"»"« •»»*>^ ^^^y beheld. The body was shockingly

mi^t be termed the report of the nation's special discolored and swollen to twice its normal size,

commission to Panama. And he tries to refute Oi course the officials, from Engineer Stevens

the stotementt of that eminent correspondent, ^^^^* »>•« ^^^Y ^ ^^^^f *»>« ^^^' B«* »*

Poultney Bigelow. who in the September issue of aPP**" strange. The guilty party, no doubt, will

the Cosmopolitan flays the adminUtration with the P«^<>^« *<> ^ «>™* ignorant nigger,

conditiona as existed November, 1006, which I can The President has taken off hU coat because

assure my readers are the truth, for your corre- *»»« CaUfornians believe in segregating the mon-

spondeni spent six months prior to thU hitter date Kalian races in school affairs and has sent orders

on the Isthmus of Panama. No doubt every rail- ^^^^ SecreUry Metcalfe. He will protect the

road man knows that the President is an honorary J»P« "^^ •««' '""y and navy. Never mind the

member of the Brotherhood of LocomoUve Fire- P«>P»« « San Francisco, Mr. President Send the

men and no doubt receives the official magazine n*^^ ^"^ *<> ?»»*«» »«<* br»n« «P Col. Gorgas,

of that splendid organization. If not. Brother c^ef sanitary inspector and head physician of

Frank P. Sargent should take him the November Ancon Hospital, also his flying squadron of sub-

isue and turn to page 780 and let him read that ordinates. Place them on trial for the dastardly

append, submitted with uncontradictoble evidence. «* ^^ *hc remains of your brothers— and Ameri-

which is fact; also to page 602. the same issue, c*"*^

asking Who is Responsiblef and ask him why Probably the men on the Isthmus have read our

that was not embodied in his lengthy message to President's message and his recommendation

Congress, showing the action he took. The article "That badges, suitably inscribed, to be given those

I have just caUed attention to states where two "^^o «^« fortunate enough to live and leave when

members of the B. L. F. and one member of the ^^^ ""«! « completed." That's very consoling.

B. L. E. lost their lives in a headend collision Opinion differs relative to the time it wiU take to

near Gorgona on tiie Panama Railroad. One complete this work. Lowest estimate i^ ten years,

member of this organization resigned his position What will become of this country with iU bilUon-

in order to accompany the remains home. The a*"^ ^r **>«? J"»* ^an«y » >>0'<J« o^ Ameri-

autiiorities claimed tiie bodies were sent to Ancon <»«« coming home with bravery badges, received

to be embalmed. ^^ delegations of Japanese and Chinamen, all

_.. -- J _,., exCA^A fever- racked, vitality impaired and their funds

This wreck happened on Friday. September 2l8t, ,. . . .,^ ^ . . t^^ * ^ u *i. *i.

. , At * V^ .. * V Au ! limited — ^if not broke. If they want to bathe they

and for the information of you members that ^ ^i. i • » « ^ « »#

- ^. . - , „ . r can go to the lake or nvers. Rockefeller or Mor-

cannot get a copy of this Jouenal of November. I ** .* .. ^ * j *.

. „ • _^ ' .t, t Jl gan permitting. If they want to read they can

shall copy part of the letter: / ^ * j r- • . vu _a t/

go to one . of Andrew Carnegie s libraries. If

On Sunday, September 2Sd Brother Sigafoos hungry, they can look at their bravery badges,
and another brother belonging to B. L. F. Lodge j^ink of the hot air handed out, and then fill
No. 83 went to Ancon Hospital to see when the ^p q^ the same, for our President made no pro-
remains would be prepared for shipment. They visions for a home, or pension, and if death re-
reached there about 1:30 p. m., just in time to jjeves them from tiieir earthly troubles, why, the
see tiie hearse back up to tiie door and a gang of autiiorities will do the honors,
niggers drag out a rough pine box tagged Curry. i ghall try anotiier time to reveal a few tilings
That was tiie name of one of the deceased broth- i observed during my six months sojourn on tiie
ers. These two brotiicrs tried in every way pos- isthmus, and ask the President a few questions
sible to stop the funeral but their efforts were relative to his message on Panama,
of no avail. No one could be found who had Yours Squasb Deal.

authority to cancel the orders which had been

~ charge said

: 1:80 p. m. Portland, Maine.

»cr Sigafoos —

white men I carefully noted with interest the contents of

rave. They Brother Bayle's letter of No. 484 in our Journal

cm the box of the January number, and consider that he has

remains of taken a very intelligent, discerning and broad view

ght identify of the matter considered. In speaking of our

in the same legislative committees, he says it has been their

I under the chief point of argument to compare the conditions

thes not re- and rates existing in our territory with that of

lid was has- another. This is naturally a very strong argument.

1 the grave and affords great assistance to our committeeman

was placed in drawing or forcing concessiona^but it weakens

240

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the chances of the other and leads to discrepancy
in some cases. In our present method of legis-
lation we look for the strongest argument, and
this is one which we consider most solid to pre-
sent But it is entrenchment for one and weak-
ness for another. Now, to overcome this unsuit-
ableness, which exists in our present system of
legislation, we must form an eastern association
of general chairman. I will say that I have con-
sidered this system one of the best methods of
adjustments that we could devise. I have advo-
cated this method for some time. I hope this sub-
ject will be agitated with interest through the
columns of our Journal. But I wish to say this
much about agitation; it is only considered good
to arouse the opinion and conscience of our mem-
bers. So we must have more than agitation. We
want the consequences. We want these matters
brought to an issue as soon as possible and con-
venient when it is certain they are to our inter-
est. The wage rate which is in effect in the west,
is proof that this system should be adopted in the
east. Brother Bayle does not agree with me that
we are too reticent in the east. If we are not,
then there is something lacking which I have not
detected, for we are certainly not enjoying the
privileges in the east that are enjoyed in the west.
It is my conviction and desire that this eastern
association of general chairman should be adopted
as I believe we would get better results. I am
much in favor of the initiative and referendum
on this proposition, and this should be done with-
out delay. One very important matter which has
never received any reasonable amount of consid-
eration is the restriction of unnecessary Sunday
labor. Something should be done to subdue this
service to some degree. The knowledge of our
committeemen teaches them of the limitations of
human endurance and that no man can work con-
tinually for months and enjoy for any substantial
length of time his happiness and health without
availing himself of occasional periods of rest
Any laborer who is strenuously engaged requires
one day in seven free from labor to spend with
his family to recuperate his tired body and to
devote such portions of this day as he chooses to
religious duties. To deprive a man of an occa-
sional day's rest and force him to labor for months
is to make him a slave, to destroy his health, to
teach him heathenism and to force him to meet
an early and waiting grave. We admit that all
Sunday work can not be eliminated, but such ser-
vice as is considered unnecessary should be pre-
vented. And I offer this suggestion as a restric-
tion for this imposition that double time be paid
for any service performed on Sunday and holi-
days. Now a word for our yardmen, as I wish
to be fair and equitable with all our members. I
consider this element overworked and under paid.
More so overworked. Imagine a man working ten
and twelve hours per day running, jumping and
climbing cars with the heat in summer sufficient
to consume a person* and in winter to contend
with the opposite elements. The amount of dan-
ger that is attached to this work makes it the
most disagreeable, discouraging and disheartening

service to perform on a railroad. It is consid-
ered the most dangerous vocation of the present
day. Now why are those men not more entitled
to the eight-hour day than men employed in office
work or other agreeable service?
Fraternally yours,

J. Lafontaznb, No. 83.

Philadelphia, Pa.

No. 140 is doing nicely, keeping the goat at
work; he has done faithful work in the past, and
if we can we will have him do better this year
than ever. We have a few who work on the
road who are not wearing the B. R. T. emblem,
and if it is in our power they will wear it in a
short time It looks as if we will surely win out,
for the boys are willing to keep the good work
going and will come over on the right side.

Some time ago our worthy Past Master had a
small paragraph in the Journal about non-attend-
ance, but since that time we have had no cause to
complain, and I am going to say that it looks as
if they are trying to break the record for this year,
for they are on hand, and plenty of them at that.
Keep the good work up; don't stop, and we can
fight all our troubles in a great big room, and not
on the L or anywhere else, and there will be no
complaint to make about this fellow or that fel-
low or the fellow who has had a good thing for so
long.

The past year has been a very profitable one
for us. We have lost a few members, but our
gain was much greater than the loss. The treas-
ury is in good condition and everything is run-
ning along nicely for our new set of officers who
have found everything in good condition.

If there are any visiting brothers who chance
to land in Philadelphia and stop they will be ex-
tended a hearty welcome and an open door.

I trust that all who are members of this grand
organization will stand by one another to make
this the grandest labor organization in the world,
which can be done, if we try.

J. W. Wkavrr,
Journal Agent, No. 149.

Santa Fe Lodge, No. 285.

In placing this article before the membership
we are actuated by the hope that some lodge or
individual member can advance a recipe which,
being used, will cause the street corner members
to attend meetings. At present an attending mem-
ber has to pursue the elusive tactics of a criminal,
dodging through side streets in avoidance of the
non-attendants seeking information as to the
business transacted at the meeting. At our last
meeting eight members were in attendance. Later
investigation disclosed the fact that eleven mem-
bers were in the city, additionally increased by
four foreign lodge members that did not attend.
We wish to sarcastically extend our sincere ap-
preciation to these absent brothers. ^-We are fully
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

241

aware that when the stin fails to shine they will
be of the first to want immediate lodge action.

We receive numerous communications from
Grand Lodge Officers as well as from men of
prominence in our world's affaira. men whose
wide acquaintance with various subjects prove
educational to those granted the privilege of lis-
tening to them. We are daily becoming educated
to the point where we do not look upon the em-
ployer as an enemy, and what could be of more
value? The obsolete weapon (strike) is gradually
becoming relegated into that past which holds so
many antique relics of a life that is nearly over.

Attend your meetings and grow more broad-
minded, learn to understand that you only can
call for respect after having proven to the differ-
ent powers that you have acquired a knowledge
of existing conditions and that conservatism is
of an actuating influence in your lives.

Above all, allow yourselves to become thoroughly
acquainted with the knowledge that "high stool
and street comer" oratory draws a crowd, but
very rarely produces respect. Your grievances,
recited for the benefit of a few, is very like a
phonograph, it affords a few minutes of relaxation
and b then put aside for the labor which provides
the wherewithal for future existence. Attend the
meetings of your lodge. J. A.

The Home.

The following donations have been received at
the Home for the month of January:

B. R. T. Lodges.

16 1 5.00 278 $10.00

18 12.00 800 6.00

86 8.00 888 8.00

61 18.00 487 10.00

83 2.60 461 8.00

»5 25.00 484 26.00

104 10.00 610 6.00

142 10.00 524 6.00

160 12.00 681 «.»0

195 12.00 618 10.00

108 12.00 638 12.00

224 2.00 640 6.00

230 10.00 660 16.00

236 5.00 724 5.00

250 5.00 783 8.00

265 2.00 744 12.00

G. L A. Diriiions 61.66

L. A. C. Divisions 18.00

L. A. T. Lodge 2.06

James Costello, No. 270, O. R. C 1.00

No. 4809 Vincennes avenue 5.00

Station No. 14, by Frank Hull 8.06

Joint ball given by No. 117 O. R. C. and

No. 101 L. A. C 80.00

Mr. E. H. DcGroot, Brazil, Ind 5.00

Gideon Hawley, No. 8, B. L. E 2.00

Donated by a joint meeting of the four

Orders, Logansport, Ind 6.18

E. B. Hanna, No. 121, B. L. E. 6.00

Members of No. 47, B. L. F. & E.,

through the efforts of Brothers D.

Mulvihill and J. McDonald 17.00

Members of No. 409* O. R. C 4.50

Alfred S. Lunt, No. 456, B. R. T 1 .00

Total $6,825.25

Miscellaneous.
One Quilt, from No. 227, L. A. C.
One Quilt, from No. 839, L. A. T.
One Quilt from Brotherhood children of Trav-
erse City, Mich.

Two Quilts, from Brother A. S. Herbert and
wife of Division No. 878. B. L. E.
Repectfully submitted,

John O'Kxbpb,
Sec. & Treas.

Total $281.40

L. A. T. Lodge.

138 12.06

Summary:
Grand Lodge, B. L. F. & E., by W. S.

Carter, G. S. & T $5,000.00

Interest on deposit in banks 410.00

Grand Lodge, Ladies Society to the B. L.

F. & E., by Mrs. Mary DuBois, G.

S. & T 100.00

O. R. C Divisions 110.75

B. R. T. Lodges 281.40

B. L. E. Divisions 186.25

B. L. F. ft E. Lodges 185.60

Indiana Full Crew Bill.

The following bill has been passed by the In-
diana Legislature, signed by the Governor, and is
now a law.

ENGROSSED HOUSE BILL NO. 71.
A Bill for an Act entitled an act concerning rail-
roads and to better protect the lives of railway
employes and the traveling public, and provid-
ing penalties for the violation thereof.
Section 1. Be it enacted by the General As-
sembly of the SUte of Indiana, That it shall be
unlawful for any railroad company doing business
in the State of Indiana that operates more than
four (4) freight trains in every twenty- four hours
to operate over its road or any part thereof, or
suffer or permit to be run over its road outside
of the yard limits any freight train consisting of
more than fifty (60) freight or other cars, ex-
clusive of caboose and engine, with less than a
full train crew, consisting of six persons, to- wit:
One conductor, one engineer, one fireman, two
brakemen and one flagman (such flagman to have
had at least one year's experience in train service),
and it shall be unlawful for any such railroad
company that operates more than four (4) freight
trains in every twenty-four hours to run over iU
road, or any part thereof, outside of the yard
limits, any freight train, consisting of less than
fifty (50) freight cars or other cars, exclusive of
caboose and engine, with less than a full crew for
such a train, consisting of five (5) persons, to-wit:
One conductor, one engineer, one fireman, one
brakeman and one flagman: Provided, howeimt

242

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

that a light engine without cart shall have the
following crew, to-wit: One conductor, one flag-
man, one engineer and one fireman.

Sec 2. That it shall be unlawful for any rail-
road company doing business in the State of In-
diana to run OYcr its road or any part of its road,
outside of yard limits, any passenger, mail or ex-
press train, consisting of five (5) or more cars,
with less than a full passenger crew, consisting of
one engineer, one fireman, one conductor, one
brakeman and one flagman (said brakeman or
flagman shall not be required to perform the duties
of baggage masters or express messengers).

Sec 8. That any railroad company doing busi-
ness in the State of Indiana, who shall send out
on its road« or cause to be sent out on its road,
any train which is not manned in accordance with
^sections 1 and S of this act, shall be gtdlty of a
misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined
not less than one hundr^ dollars ($100) nor
more than five hundred dollars ($500) for each
offense, and such company shall be liable for any
damages caused by the violation of any of the
provisions of this act

Sec 4. It shall be the duty of the board of
railroad commissioners to have this law enforced.
WiCKwnx, Chairman.

our brothers will not let him get away without the
asking.

We have a good, fair proposition, there is none
better and when we offer to announce that the
businessman u a subscriber and thus let our read-
ers know he is a patron of ours we are doing
more than any other publication will do for him.

Make a business of this subscription work.
Every person who reads can find something, some-
where, in the Joubnal that will interest him if he
looks for it

Send for subscription blanks and receipt book,
look over the list of prises in the advertising
pages and then get to work, make a little easy
over time, and put the Jouxmal* where it wiU do
the most good for your Brotherhood.

A Chance To Make An Easy Extra.

There isn't a reader but who would be perfectly
willing to make a little easy money. We offer
the chance for every member to make a fair week's
wages by getting subscriptions for the Jouxnal.
Our prize offers are of the best Our watches
are among the best on the market and sell for
$50.00, $85.00 and $30.00 and our commissions
offered through them run from 100 to 06 per cent,
which is about as high as can well be paid for
any kind of agency work.

We do not want our brothers to ask their friends
to subscribe for this JouaxAL by putting up a
plea for charity. There is no charity about it
We contract to give a dollar's worth of goods
for the dollar paid for subscription. We want
every business and professional man to know
something of this organization and we believe that
if they will read the Jouxkal they can gain the
information desired as well as much other useful
economic education that will not hurt them any.

We know that it b natural for the business
man to set his face against giving up to a trade
publication because he thinks he is not interested
in the book. He will say so off hand and turn
down the solicitor with this excuse.

You advise Mr. Businessman that the Tsain-
men's Jouxnal is a business proposition with you,
and him, just as he will tell you that what he
wants to sell you is. He would not think of
denying a hearing to a solicitor for other business,
not by a long shot If he does not want the
Jouxnal, we do not want him to have it but if
he can be persuaded to take it as he takes other
publications we want him to have it and we hope

Belt Line Lodge, No. 589.

I note the several suggestions for consideration
in our last two Jouxnals. I think the most im-
portant change to be made in our present laws is
the mode of collecting (general Grievance Com-
mittee assessments. I think the suggestion made
by the brother from East St Louis would not
meet with the approval of the members in gen-
eral. No one cares to pay out money where he
does not derive a benefit therefrom. The Termi-
nal employes, or any other employes, would not
want to pay the Missouri Pacific committee as they
would derive no direct benefit from their services.
I suggest that each system have a standing Griev-
ance Committee fund of $100.00 for each lodge
represented on the system. This fund to be
created and maintained by levying an equal as-
sessment on each member on the system monthly*
until the required amount is collected, then the
assessments be discontinued until a meeting of the
general committee is called. The G. S. & T. will
then notify each Financier of that system to col-
lect the amount due from each member monthly,
until the fund is reimbursed for the expenses of
the meeting of the general grievance committee
This fund shall be used for the payment of local
chairmen only where a salaried chairman is em-
ployed. This plan will avoid the large payments
that have to be paid in one month at present It
will also avoid the delay of committeemen getting
their money, as at present it takes from thirty to
sixty days to get their money.

I think our present insurance plan is on a
practical basis, and I hope it will not be tampered
with at the coming convention. I note our brother
from Lodge No. 878 makes the suggestion that our
organization pay one-half the amount of the policy
to members who have been in the organization for
twenty years. I think this would not be a pajring
proposition, as a member holding a Class C certifi-
cate would pay into the beneficiary fund in that
length of time $480. One-half the amount of his
policy would be $675, which would exceed the
amount he had paid in by $195. I think it is
unnecessary to pay any of the old timers that
amount to get them to remain in the Brotherhood.

The Brotherhood has paid . each individual llmost

iJigitizeaL

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

243

that amount annually by increase in salary in
the past three years. I would suggest that the
limitation in the length of time in service prior to
admission be changed from one year to six months.
This long required period of service has lost the
Brotherhood a great many members. Many a man
has lost his first position before one year has
passed, and in a great many cases he has lost his
second one. The first year is the hardest one for
every one.

If a man is going to follow the business I think
he is entitled to become a member after six
montha' service. It not only gives him protection,
but makes our organization that much stronger.
And in many cases it would prevent a great many
young men from becoming "Boomers."

If some brother can suggest a plan to get our
members to attend meetings more regular I would
like to hear from him through the coltmins of our
JotntNAL.

No. 689 is taking in new members every month,
and we hope to see our great oivsnization reach
the 100,000 nurk by January 1st, 1008. Traveling
brothers will find all the work they want in
Omaha. But don't look for transportation, for
that is a thing of the past I retnain, yours fra-
ternally, T. E. POSTLXWAIT,

Financier 689.

meeting," and if there are any applications to act
on, and some men have been examined three or
four times there will be no meeting to act on
the applications.

Do you ever think of the obligation you have
taken? Let us all get together and make 1007 a
record breaker; we have the timber; all it takes
is for each to get his axe and get to work.

Don't drive your old standbyes away. Yoo
have a few good old "heads" that will stay with
the B. of R. T.

Come to the lodge room to thresh out your
troubles, and when you have a grievance don't be
afraid to write it up. Come up with the papers,
so your committee has something to work on. You
young members, especially, get busy while you
have the old heads to keep you on the right track.
Yours fraternally,

MsMBXB, Lodge No. 101.

Train Rules. ^

In reading the February Journal I noticed in
Train Rules that you asked for information in
regard to the adoption of the Standard Code of
Rules on different roads. The Philadelphia &
Reading has adopted them and has added a Httle
more to them. For instance. Rule No. 99. They
have besides what was published in the Jouucal,
"On Houble track when a train crosses to« or
obstructs the other track, unless otherwise pro-
vided, it must first be protected as prescribed by
Rule 99, in both directions on that track." They
include that in Rule No. 99, and I think it is a
very good clause, as the train dispatcher might
use that track, to run a train that the crew knew
nothing about against the current of traffic.
Yours truly,
Fkank M. KiATZ, No. 611.

Norfolk, Neb.

Do you stop to realize where you stand? Do
you know that some of our "old heads" are get-
ting disgusted and that forbearance has ceased
to be a virtue^ Now, one and al1« drop the paste-
board and get busy across the street Make a
spoke in the wheel, so that instead of an attend-
ance of twenty, we will have forty. And the next
day we won't have to ask, "Where were you yes-
terday?" "Oh, I forgot all about it's being meet-
ing day," or "I was in a little too much and
wanted to get even." It is not my intention to
plug any green melons; if I do it will be a citron
by mistake. If the old men are out on meeting
night one is safe in saying, "There will be no

The Fusee On The Pilot.

I read in the February Jouenal of the action
of a brakeman who was working ahead on a train
that had a collision with another. He stated that
before they hit, he went out on the pilot with a
fusee, to stop the approaching train and he further
said that the engineer and conductor had over-
looked their orders and run against a first-class
train.

In my opinion, this man did not understand his
business as a brakeman. If he was working on a
first-class road, he more than likely was working
under Standard rules and, if so, was required to
read all train orders. This he could not have
done. If he did, he overlooked his hand when he
knew they had a meet order with a train, or even
overlooked their time card rights.

In any event, it was his duty to call the en-
l^ineer's attention to the matter. If they had two
miles in which to stop« it was not necessary for
him to go out on the pilot with a fusee to attempt
to stop the approaching train, because the head-
light would do more on a straight track than a
fusee.

I have been at the business for eighteen years;
nine years on a mountain road, and run a train
seven years on the same line, and I always found
it my duty not only so far as the rules go, but in
defense of my own life, to read all train orders.
When he asked the superintendent if he had done
right, and that official made no answer, it wa&
about what he could expect In my opinion, th^
only answer that could have been given him would
have been his time check. Yours,

St. L. L M. ft S.

Another Opinion On The Fusee.

Referring to the letter in the February Jouimal
of the brakeman who used a fusee on the pilot
of his engine, in an effort to stop a first-class
train from ruuning into his own train, I had a
similar experience myself on the Vincennes Di-

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vision of the Vandalia Railroad about two years
ago.

I was head man on local freight. Our engine
was not working well, and we were on very close
time to a fast passenger train, so close in fact
that our time was up when we lacked two hun-
dred yards of being on the siding, which was
around a curve. I did as the brakeman in the
February Journal did, that is, got on the pilot
with a fusee, and as my engine rounded the curve,
the passenger train was not more than a half
mile away. The engineer of the fast train ap-
plied the emergency brakes, and brought his train
to a stop, not more than two car lengths from us.

I was praised by both crews for what I had
done, and the engineer of the passenger train
said that the fusee saved a collision* because he
might have mistaken the headlight for a fire burn-
ing alongside the track. A fire of this kind is
often seen at a distance, and can hardly be dis-
tinguished from a headlight. The fusee left no
doubt in his mind, and a wreck was thus pre-
vented.

I think the writer in the February Journal
did right, and I cannot undersUnd why the wreck
should have occurred. A red lantern is not as
good as a fusee, because its reflection is not as
strong, and a red light on the pilot is almost ob-
scured by the headUgfat.

Yours in B., S. and L,

C. E. Chrxstib,
Lodge No. 61.

The Present Situation Of Employ-
ers' Liability.

Geoge W. Alger. New York ChUd Ubor Com-
mittee.— Charities and The Commons.
The President's message has aroused consider-
able new interest in the question of redressing in-
dustrial accidents by law. The present situation as
to recompense for the injuries in such accidents is
far from satisfactory. We are behind practically
every industrial country in the world on the whole
subject A great many accidents happen and in a
very small percentage of the law cases subsequently
brought, is a substantial sum actually obtained
through the courts by the workmen. We lack
statistics badly on the causes of industrial acci-
dents. Assuming, however, that substantially the
same causes for such casualties exist here as in
Germany where sUtistica are carefully kept, it
would appear that American law offers a possi-
bility of redress in not over twenty-five per cent
of the cases. Apparently seventy-five per cent go
unredressed or are settled at very low figures.
Manufacturing establishments generally carry em-
ployers* liability policies, which insure them against
having to make compensation to their injured em-
ployes. In other words, an insurance company
agrees for a certain sum to stand between the em-
ployer and his own workmen* and either to fight
the workman's claim for redress in the courts or to
pay him something to get rid of him. The insur-
ance company, of course, never has any interest

whatever in the workman as such; never takes into
consideration his faithfulness to his employers, or
permits itself to be influenced by any of those
humane considerations, which from a fair em-
ployer's standpoint might require as a matter of
common decency a substantial payment to the in-
jured workman. To the representatives of the cas-
ualty company the whole matter is simply one of
dollars and centSi, and they simply look out for
their own interests and pay the workman as little
as possioie.

Liability insurance generally introduces a new
element of barbarism in the relation between the
employer and the injured employe, because it prac-
tically shifts the burden of moral as well as legal
responsibility from the employer to a company,
which is a stranger in all essential respects to the
employer's business. It tends to make the em-
ployer less careful and considerate before the acci-
dent and less humane afterwards in the treatment
of the injured workman. For the employer wishes
to realize on his insurance in the case of an in-
dustrial accident as he would in the case of a fire
loss, and he can scarcely expect to realize on the
insurance he has paid for if he pays the employe
too.

Even when the workman sues in the courts and
is awarded a verdict by a jury, in a large percen-
tage of the cases in which appeals are taken his
case is reversed. I am inclined to think that the
percentage of reversals of appeals in master and
servant cases is larger than perhaps in any other
branch of litigation. Some years ago I examined
the New York Court of Appeals reports (vols.
126-156) to see what disposition is made of such
accident cases by that court There were written
opinions in thirty-seven such cases. Of these (1)
in three cases the juries in the lower court had
found for defendant, and plaintiff was the appel-
lant; (2) in four cases the court below had dis-
missed plaintiff's case as insufficient, without re-
quiring defendant to introduce any testimony; (8)
in twenty-eight cases the juries below had found
for plaintiff with substantial damages. The court
of appeals in class (1) affirmed all of the cases
where plaintiff was defeated below. In class (2)
it reversed the four cases where plaintiff had been
summarily nonsuited and sent the cases back to
trial courts to hear defendant's testimony — a par-
tial victory at most for plaintiff. In class (8)
where plaintiff had actttally received a verdict, of
the thirty cases twenty-eight were reversed.

There has been little disposition in New York
on the part of the courts to construe liberally the
provisions of the employers' liability act, which
aims to extend the liability of employers for the
acts of their own superintendents, or that clause
in the act limiting somewhat the effect of the de-
fense of assumed risk* the defense that the em-
ploye understood the danger to which his employ-
er's negligence had exposed him and had, by con-
tinuing to work, agreed to take the chance of be-
ing injured without making claim upon his em-
ployer for redress. This latter defense of asstmied
risk has in New York practically destroyed the
entire value of the provisions of the labor law re-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 246

quiring safeguards for the workman's benefit on last few years which should be brought to the at-
madiinery in factories, in forbidding the cleaning tention of employers of children, since a thorough
of machinery while in motion, and similar regu> understanding by them of the possible legal conse*
lations. The New York courts have construed quences in case a child gets hurt« should result in
these provisions of the labor law in such a fashion a general jail delivery of little children from fac-
that if the employe keeps at work knowing that the tones. The court of appeals has held in Marino
labor law is being violated by his employer, he vs. Lehmaier (178 N. Y., 680), that section seventy
impliedly consents to the violation and agrees to of the labor law, wliich prohibits the employment
have no clami if he is hurt thereby. This is the of a child under fourteen years of age in any
general American rule with few exceptions. It is factory in this state in effect declares "that
however, precisely the opposite of the English a child under the age specified presumably
rule, under which the English courts give force to does not possess the judgment, discretion, care and
protective legislation of this kind. The rules of caution necessary for the engagement in such a
American law are uniformly based still upon a dangerous avocation, and is therefore not, as a
theory of punishing the employer as a wrong doer matter of law, chargeable with contributory negli*
for personal or imimted carelessness where the gence or with having astmied the risk of the em-
carelessness can be shown« instead of making in- ployment"

dustry pay for its own bloodshed. With us. As- What this actually amounts to is that in all

quith's apothegm, "the blood of the workman cases of illegal employment of children the claim

should be part of the cost of the product," is still of the injured child must go to the jury as a ques-

beyond our comprehension as a rule of justice. tion of fact Ninety^ine juries out of a hundred

Under the present law even where the workman "» •«* cases of small children illegally employed

actually obtains money for his injuries, the final »*y ^ counted on to bring in a substantial verdict

consequences are often discouraging. If the torn '°«' ^^ pl»intiff. The employment of KtUe children

is large, which is sometimes the case, it is usuaUy " therefore likely to be a dangerous luxury for

the first large sum he ever received in bis Ufe, «n»cnipulous employers in consequence, and the

and he very rarely makes good use of the money decision ought to have a far-reaching effect upon

when he gets it. He has had no experience in *^« employment of these children. For this reason

making investments; his friends know that he has » ««««'•> drcuUtion of it among manufacturing

money, and instead of it being put away to eke «tablishmenU would be a very good thing,
out his reduced industrial efficiency, it is generally

used up in a comparatively short time or wasted. a ITome

It is undoubtedly true that if there could be some

just way devised by which these injured employes j ^^,^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^ ,y,,.^^ ^^ i„^^^^j ^^ ^^^^

could receive annuities or pensions instead of these ^^^y^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ „y ^^„ h^^,

big but very rare lump sums, it would be better ^^^ ^^ ^j^^^^ j, ^^^ discussed in this part of the

for the workman and easier for his employer. This eountry. I refer to the establishment of a Na-

matter, however, does not come within the scope ^^,^^^1 Home for crippled and disabled brothers. If

of this article and will therefore not be considered, j,,^^ j. ^y ^lass of men in thU country who need

Along old lines of legUlation there has been .y^h a Home, surely it is the members of the
some progress within the last ten years in the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen. Almost daily
United Sutes. The progress has been very sk)w, ^^ ^^^ ^i^ members of our order to whom
as the legisUtures always listen more attentively g„ch a Home would be a veritable godsend, and
to the large business interests which threaten to ^^q ^quIj gigjiy take advantage of it. Moreover,
move out of the state if their UabiUty is increased, not one of us, however hale and hearty we may
than to the claims to justice made by the working y^ today, can say how long it may be before sudden
people. Commercial competition between states has calamity may put us in need of such care. But
done a great deal to retard labor legislation and ^ven though we may never need it for ourselves,
particularly liability legislation; such legislation as ^e have enough fraternal feeling to earnestly de-
has been enacted has been confined for the most ^^ to provide for those brave brothers who have
part to modifying (or in a few cases to abolishing) met disaster in the discharge of duty.
the so-called "fellow servant" rule which at com- Our order is of such a size that the raising of
mon law releases the employer from liability where funds necessary to build (or buy) such a Home,
the accident occurs by the negligence of a co- and to equip and maintain it would not be difficult
employe. A few states have modified slightly the \ monthly tax of five cents per member would
common law doctrine of "assumed risk" previously solve the problem. Who of us would grudge double
referred to. The federal employers* liability act the sum to such an object?

covering interstate railroads should be a very ^eat Connected with the Home for disabled brothers.

benefit to nearly one million railroad employes if I would like to see a school for the education of

iu constitutionality were sustained in the higher the orphans of deceased brothers. We owe it to

federal courts. It is now under a temporary our fallen comrades and to our own manhood to

cdipae as to its constitutionality, though the de- see that these children receive such an education

dsions whkh held it unconstitutional are of very ss shall equip them to play well their part in life.

doubtful validity. Nay, we owe it to our country. Is not a good

In New York the courts themselves without the education our very first thought for our own little

aid of legislation have laid down a rule within the ones? And would it not be oxtniu^^o^t if

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

we were taken away, "what will become of the
children?" Should we not therefore, as an order,
take united thought for these innocent little or-
phans?

These two questions seem to me of paramount
importance and I believe every lodge in our great
order would hail the opportunity to contribute to
the founding of this Home and^rphan's Academy,
and every brother go down in his pocket to pay
the tax needful for the establishment and main-
tenance of these two institutions. Our own lodge
will support such measures to a man, and consider
it a privilege as well as a duty to do so.
Yours fraternally,

Jas. J. FiAisuas,
Lodge No. 697.

Two Causes For Railway Accidents.

The press is loaded with accounts, portraying
accidents almost innumerable in the train service
of the country. These accidents are following one
another with a rapidity that is startling, and the
loss of life and limb to passengers and train men
is really appalling.

The public, that is, the ''passengers," has at last
become aroused to the fact that something is
radically neglected in the general operation of rail-
roads in the United States. The multiplied dupli-
cation of accidents is especially noticeable. The
awful harvest of deaths and injured flowing from
these accidents is fast leading reflective men and
women to avoid using the railways, when a trip is
not absolutely necessary over them, instead of
such trips being regarded as comparatively safe un-
dertakings, as they should and ought to be, the
impression is fast gaining that they are extra-
hazardous.

The extra-hazardous impression the public is get-
ting will surely lead to the enactment of drastic
legislation that will, to a great extent, remedy and
abolish much of the dire consequences the railway
employe and the public now suffer.

There is no doubt but railway accidents, and the
fatalities resulting from themu are increasing much
faster than railway mileage and population, which
appean like rather conclusive evidence that the
operation of the railroads is more reckless, and
that equipment and road bed receive less care than
they did prior to a few years ago.

The "public" are a part of Congress and state
legislatures. The "public" embraces the judiciary,
and the executive department of state and federal
government. With all three of the co-ordinate
branches of state and federal government in the
possession of the "public," the remedy, if it is one
of legislative nature, and most people will admit
it is, will be very soon sought and enacted, and,
enforced.

The fault is not one the railroad man can avoid
as things and practices exist at the present time.
The employe will gladly welcome legal compulsion.
He will tell you that two men on a freight train
are insufficient and will convince any disinterested
portion of the "public" of the fact

Morf of these accidents arise from insufficient

flagging, and too poorly maintained road bed. If
the flagging is to be adquately performed, a flag-
man must be provided for every train, whose eX'
elusive duty, while train occupies the main track,
shall be to flag, and, trains are on the main track
nearly all the time.

Every freight train must have the exclusive
time and attention of two experienced brakemen
devoted to the switching, packing of hot boxes and
various other requirements while at stations. If
denied the above mentioned attention, from at least
two experienced men, delay and overtime is the
logical result, and the crew is bombarded with
messages from the train dispatcher asking why, in
imperative language, they fail to make time.

As a rule, a conductor will not leave a terminal
with two green brakemen, though he is frequently
ordered to do so. The average conductor will
take a freight train out with one green brakeman,
and one experienced brakeman. The latter he or-
dera to brake on the rear end of the train. If the
experienced man flags at all times when the train
is at stations doing work, that means that the
conductor and the green man are compelled to
do all of the loading, unloading and switching.
On the contrary, it means the conductor is doing
all of the work, because the green brakeman oc-
cupies about the same position in the performance
as the fifth wheel would to a wagon. In brief, the
green man is usually useless on a train.

From the above the- reader can see how great is
the temptation to the "experienced" man to let
the flagging take care of itself, while he and the
conductor jump into the loading, unloading and
switching problem at each station in a desperate
effort to get out of town and over the road, and,
also, to escape the "wire" missies fired at them
by the train dispatcher.

All this works vjcry well until some poor over-
worked devil forgets, in his frantic switching or
other station movements, to flag the following train
that he hears whistling just around the curve, or
in the fog or storm, just behind his train, when
the crash is unavoidable. The following train may
be only a freight train. If such is the case, th^
enginemen and the head brakemen may see their
danger in time to jump, or their names may appear
in the press next day among the killed or injured.
If the following train is a passenger train, carry-
ing one to eight or ten mail clerks, a ooupk of
messengera and a baggageman, and perhaps hun-
dreds of passengers, the death and injured Hst is,
except the miraculous intervenes, bound to mount
up from a few to a score or more, and this must
continue until such time as the stem hand of the
law interposes its enactment, that every train shall
be provided with a man whose whole duty shall be
confined to flagging the train, for the exclusive
purpose of protecting life and property. This flag-
man must be the most experienced man, except the
conductor, on the train. A novice cannot, and
ought not to be trusted to flag any train.

A flagman should be compelled to pass a com-
petent examination, fully showing he is qualified
by two yeara of experience, and possessed of aver-
age intelligence. To accept less of a qtulification
would border on the criminal.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

The mcreaMd speed required of all passenger
trams within the last few years is not justifiable,
as the average road bed, especially in winter, re-
ceives much kss attention and labor applied to it
than it did ten years ago.

The writer can look back only a few years, not
more than ten, and bring to mind the fact that
a job on the section meant a job the year around,
if the man desired to remain. In the strenuous
period of the present the section is cut down from
four men and upward to the foreman and one man,
and frequently to only the foreman, as soon as
the frost is "on the pumpkin," and so remains un-
til the frost exudes therefrom. When the track
begins to heave on account of frost, even the best
of it is nerve destroying to the trainmen, and pro-
ductive of spreading rails and of broken rails, and
broken rails often transfer trains from the rails
to the ditch, furnishing their quota of innocent
victims. If this high speed is maintained, the mud
road bed of the average railway of the present will
have to have more gravel mixed into it in the
q>ring and summer months, and will have to have
more section men to shim it up in the winter.
Otherwise, accidents arising from neglected road
bed will contribute no small proportion of avoid-
able accidents.

In concluding, the situation clearly shows that
the avoidable accidents following each other so
rapidly in the recent past are, in the majority of
cases, due to the need of exclusive flagmen, and
poorly equipped and maintained road bed.

Let the public enact legal provision compelling
the transportation companies to place a flagman on
every train, whose whole duty shall be to flag, and
only flag; and let them exercise their police super-
vision over the efficiency of the road bed, quality
and condition of the ties and rails, and fifty per
cent of the double-leaded headlines relative to rail-
way accidents will disappear, and so remain, as
long as ordinary legal supervision continues a
factor in railway operation.

But all of this extra expense will be very de-
pressing on the payment of dividends, also, on
wages, provided, the employes fail to maintain
their organirationa. It will come, however, be-
cause any ordinary investigation cannot fail to dis-
close the two defects noted, and also, because it is
clearly within the province of the law to protect
the public (the "public" includes the employe) and,
protection involves the removal of causes.

The main remedy, then, for decreasing accidents
most fatal to human life on railroads is to compel
the use of exclusive flagmen, and a better main-
tained track and road bed. Fraternally,

D. C. Bond.

Oswego, N. Y.

I see by the Jouknal that there are various opin-
ions and many reforms proposed for the considera-
tion of the delegates at the Atlanta Convention.
I have a few suggestions that I would like to
offer for their consideration. I am opposed to the
present method of holding conventions every two
yean, for I think it is very foolish to pay out

$80,000 every two years, and if I tm not mistaken
it will cost over $80,000 this jrear to hold our Con-
vention, for the reason that our membership la
some ten or twelve thousand larger than when
we were at Buffalo^ and if it cost $80,000 at Buf-
falo for our Convention with 76,000 members, a
little over one dollar per member, what assurance
have we that it will not cost us $90,000 this year?
And if our membership continues to increase,
which we have every reaaon to believe It will, by
the time we hold our next convention it win cost
ua over $100,000 every two years under our present
plan.

It seems to me that we could aave thb $80,000
every two years and about $86,000 or $40,000 on
every four year conventions, thereby saving from
$100,000 to $140,000 every four years, quite a neat
sum to be sure.

We have at present a board known as the Bene-
fidary Board, whose duties are to pass upon all
rejected claims without full authority — that is,
their decision is not finaL After they reject a
claim it is then turned over to the Convention for
final consideration; and all, or nearly all, that
have been rejected by the Beneficiary Board, are
also rejected by the Convention. For example, if
I may be permitted to state, that at the Buffalo
Convention there were about 180 rejected claims —
that is that were rejected by the Beneficiary
Board and in considering them at the Convention
I do not think that there were more than four de-
cisions against the Board — that is out of 180
claims. The Board's decision waa upheld with but
four or five exceptions, and several referred back
for further consideration. In considering these
180 claims it took up over four days of the con-
vention's time; or, in other words, it cost about
$80,000 or more — and only four or five decisions
for final settlement were against the Board. I
think that it is not just the proper way to do
business. To guarantee every brother a square
deal there should be a committee of one member
from each state and province to be known as the.
General Beneficiary Committee to pass upon all
rejected claims and their decbion should be final.

I suggest that such a board be elected at the
Atlanta Convention; that each state delegation as-
semble and elect a representative, also each prov-
ince delegatiop, one member from each state or
province to be known as the General Beneficiary
Committe, to meet annually and pass upon all
rejected claims, their decision to be final, from
which there is no appeal, and to be paid $10.00
per day while acting on such board in session-
net otherwise — they to be paid in the same manner
as legislative representatives are at present; the
Grand Secretary and Treasurer to levy an assess-
ment of twenty-five cents per member (some
month that there is no grand dues assessments
to be levied, and collected in advance), so that
at the conclusiion of their labors they shall receive
their wages. By this method we will not feel
the assessment, and also guarantee each and every
brother a decision from a non-partisan board of .
fifty members; and to maintain this board will
not cost each member more than fifteen or twenty
cents a year, thereby saving from $80,000 to $100,-

248 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

000 each two years and cutting the expenses of plished, providing the Urge salaried men will cease
the four-year oonYcntions nearly in half; that to think that they are above us.

is, it should reduce the convention's sessions from We have elected a No. 1 set of officers for the

twelve days to six or eight days, making a clear ensuing year and now look out for No. 887, and

saving on each four years* convention of from as we have a promise to fulfill we are going to

$86,000 to $50,000, and from $80,000 to $100,000 do it

every two years, making a grand total to be saved I hope that the headquarters of the Grand

in the neighborhood of $150,000 every four years. Lodge will be moved to Washington, D. C, for

besides giving each and every brother who has a one thing of importance to be voted on, as I think

claim pending the assurance that his case will that we would then be able to hold our own with

receive justice, more so than if at a convention the rest

under the present plan. Beware of him who is an office-seeker. Men do

If we could save $160,000 every four years I «">* «»"*"y ^*«* *« <>«»«« ''>»«« ^r »»»▼« •^J'

know of no reason why we could not increase our thing to do. A man's affairs are rather low when

insurance from $1,850 to $1,600 and not cost us *»« •^'» <>^<^^ ^^' support

any more than at present 0««" n>«mbers do not seem to appreciate the fact

_.. ., ... t.j*j that it is necessary to have the Brotherhood under-

The above crude plan could be worked out and ^.u_ .j j*i.i.^ ^t-

. - "^ ^- ^ .. .1. .1. stood by everybody, and the best way to bnng

1 am sure give better satisfaction than the pres- . ^ ^. j . j. - * u u j ^

^ .. ,j. ^ *_ about the understandmg is to have everybody read

ent plan of holding conventions every two years . . n-u .*.> *

^ *^, . «. rr .. 1. ij iT u the Journal. There are so many things going on

and electing officers. If it should become abso- . / ^ « j * t. • j * ^ j

, , ^ . I. ij *. _ .• ^ that we can not afford to be misunderstood, and

lutely necessary to hold a convention any time . ^ uu*i. ij w i<* 7-*

^ ' . / t. 1 A Jill now let each brother pledge himself to get lust

between each four years, we have laws to call one . .. j*. t.*.. u - ^ j

. ' ' one subscriber and then get that subscription and

at any time. ^^^ .^ j^ ^.^^ ^ ^^^^ j^j^ ^^^ ^^ ^jj ^^^^^

Some of the brothers will say, why have a y^u feel satisfied that you have done a good

committee such as described, one from each state |},i„g j^ doing it
and province. Why not have five and let their Yours fraternally,

decision be final? I would answer that under my j^ £^ Boekb,

plan we would have the present board, and if Journal Agent, No. 887.

they rejected any claims they would go to the ____«_«»««__

committee for final decision, a sort of convention,
thereby giving each and every brother a square Newark Lodge, No. 219.

deal, and the influence brought to bear from any

cause whatsoever would be of no avail; also each Along the Une of the Lackawanna, the road

stote would have a rcpresenUtive to look after ^ith which No. 210 has to deal, there is general

the claims from their respective states. satisfaction and good will among the members. The

Trusting that my humble effort will be of some membership of No. 810 is composed of conserva-

assistance in solving the problem which I hope tive men. There is a friendly feeling between the

will be one of economy, with best wishes I am, employes and the officials, whkh is proper. There

Yours fraternally. is only one thing needed, and that is the adoption

Janitoe. of a new age limit, or better still, an entire aban-

donment of this ruling. Western roads have cut

Sa3rre Lodge, No. 337. *^ **"^» ^^ Pennsylvania has a forty-five year age

limit for all departments, and this, at least should

As the the Eighth Biennial Convention is ^ adopted,
drawing near and each memt>er of the Brother- There has been some public discussion of the

hood at this time is considering and suggesting great increase of fatal railroad accidents during

changes and amendments to the present Constitu- the past four or five years. Various opinions have

tion, it is necessary for every lodge to send in its been offered as to the causes. The question as to

recommendations to the G. S. & T. at once for the capacity and competency of railroad managers

any changes in our present laws in order to get has even been raised. There is an answer to all

them referred to the Committee on Constitution these questions. There are causes for every fatal

in ample time so that they will not be thrown in wreck, and to meet this issue fairly it can be as-

the waste basket or pased unnoticed. serted that the blame can be attributed to both the

We expect quite a number of the B. of R. T. companies and their employes. Any railroad cor-
boys will gain the title of conductor before many poration (and there are many of them) that is
moons. Let us hope so, for it has been a long controlled by Wall street, is bound to have bad
time since men have been promoted in their turn management, because the men who are selected to
on this great Lehigh Valley System. Neverthe- the office of general manager are not selected be-
less things are a long way from being right yet, cause of their experience in railroad operation, but
but let us hope that with the help of our deserv- because of their experience in Wall street methods
ing brothers we will gain our ends. Ten brothers as to how to squeeze out dividends from water-
have been promoted to freight conductor and we soaked stock with the least possible expense for
all hope that they will make a success pushing operating expenses. This is why, during the past
the pencil. few years, tonnage has been increased, labor has

We are very anxious for system federation here been decreased and operating expenses cut down

and there it no reason why it can not be accom- to a degree not always consistent with safety, and >

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249

the corpontions mre to this day fighting every
measure which is introduced for the benefit of the
railroad employe.

One or two good men in the United States Sen-
ate are trying to get kgislation enacted to shorten
the hours of work of railway employes — a really
good measure — which would benefit the employes
and secure safety to the traveling public, but our
hide-bound corporation Senators put a quietus to
this bill* because it was detrimental to their cor-
poration constituents. There will never be any
cessation of railway wrecks until there is a house-
cleanmg of the United SUtes Senate. Railroad
lobbyists must be excluded from the Senate, and
instead of the corporations electing our Senators,
we get direct legislation and elect our own Sena-
tors. What a scare that honorable body got when
the direct legislation bill was mentioned. As a
rule railroad companies consider it cheaper to pay
damages for wrecks than to hire men. There u no
class of men who need shorter hours than do rail-
road men. No man can give good service who
has been on duty from fourteen to twenty hours,
and just so long as railroad companies are going to
be allowed to continue this policy, just so long
will the newspapers be giving us our daily quota of
railroad wrecks and loss of life. There are some
wrecks of course which are caused by carelessness
of employes or neglect of duties, but at a conserva-
tive estimate 75 per cent are caused by the short-
sighted policy of the company in overworking the

The employes can agiute the shorter hour ques-
tion until it is an assured fact Make a demand
for it and then stand by it. If it takes two, three
or five years, keep at it Soon it will become a
public issue* snd public opinion will be so over-
whelmingly in favor of it that even our hide-bound
corporation Senators will "come across,'* the meas-
ure, become an established fact, and travel by rail
safer than it has been in many years.

JousNAL Agxnt, No. 219.

Empire, Isthmus Of Panama •

I reached Panama on Thanksgiving Day, and
now after two months working in the "big ditch"
will give the Tiaikmbn's Jouknal a few impres-
sions by the way. Upon the whole, I found con-
ditions much better than I had been led to believe,
after reading some of the sensational newspaper
accounts and woe-begone tales of men returning
to the states. It is true I have seen everything in
its best light as I reached the Isthmus just at the
beginning of the dry season, since which time we
have had what would be ideal June weather at
home. Of the wet season I will doubtless know
later, but am not prepared to speak now. In
Empire, where I am stationed, which is in the
highest and best part, we have practically no fever
and but little sickness of any kind. Even in the
low and swampy portion along the Chagres the per-
centage is not large.

Our quarters are large and roomy, with wide
verandas all enclosed with wire netting, furnished
with running water and equipped with shower

baths. At most places there are but two men in
a room, but here at Empire where there is more
work going on than at any other point, four of
us have to share one together. Some twelve or
fifteen new bachelor houses that will accommodate
sixteen men each are nearing completion, but they
are hurrying so many to this, the busiest place on
the Zone, that it is most likely we will be the last
to be provided for in this line.

The sources of all complaints are the Govern-
ment messes. These are run at every station along
the line, where meals are furnished for thirty
cents each. Though they are all under the man-
agement of the same department and should be
practically the same in quality, they vary greatly.
At some you get as good a meal as at an ordinary
restaurant in the States, while at others — ^well,
there is room for improvement, to say the least
Tbos. H. Habkis,

Good Intent Lodge No. 447, Baltimore, M. D.

Baltimore, Md.

Everybody is happy in Maryland Lodge No. 468,
B. of R. T. On Thursday night, February 7th,
1007, our local chairman. Brother R. A. Cole,
read to our members, the proceedings of the Gen-
eral Grievance Committee, which has been in ses-
sion since December 81, 1906, on the B. & O. Sys-
tem. We had t very large attendance at the meet-
ing held February 7th; there was hardly standing
room. The members were very anxious to hear
the report of the good work done by our General
Committee and all went home satisfied. At our
next meeting we had only enough to transact the
business of the lodge — "the dioue," as they are
commonly called by some of the boys. I attend
every meeting of Maryland Lodge No. 468, and
I am verv glad that I am one of the clique. I
only wish that there were more of them; we would
have better attendance at our meetings and things
would work so well; even if each member would
come at least one meeting a month we would have
much better meetings and everything would be
80 pleasant Howsoever we are still doing busi-
ness at the same place. On February 7th we had
one initiation and we have six applications out;
we have 860 members and we want to make it
three hundred in a few months, as we have lots
of territory to work in, and we think that it will
not be very long before we reach that number.

Nothing can more fully demonstrate what the
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen stands for than
an incident that came to the notice of the writer
within two weeks when we were called together
to mourn the loss of three of our brothers within
ten dajrs. Their funerals were very largely at-
tended by the members of Maryland Lodge No.
458 and Good Intent Lodge No. 447. They always
join with us. We extend our thanks to the mem-
bers of Good Intent Lodge No. 447 for their as-
sistance, and especially to the Master of No. 447,
Brother M. J. O'Neal. We look after our sick
members, console their families and share their

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Notwittetanding that the weather was bitter
' cold the funerals were largely attended, thus dem-
onstrating that the members fully understand
the great principles of the Brotherhood of Rail*
road Trainmen* "to relieve the distressed, bury
the dead and educate the orphans.'*

There cannot be found anywhere a truer, more
sympathetic, braver body of men than compose
the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. They
deserve all the success that has come to them, and
may they continue to grow and prosper and be a
force for good in the community in which they
are located.

He does most to promote the interest of the
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen who is thrifty
and sober and provides for his family.

He has good sense who knows that the success
of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen depends
upon getting others to join it.

He does well who is opposed to disorder at meet-
ings and shows due respect for the presiding officer,
assbting him in all efforts to conduct things de-
cently and in order.

He who loves x>eace, preferring not to fight the
employer, yet is sensitive to unjust treatment and
u not a coward is a man.

He who when he goes on a strike stays out
until the wrong is righted shows good judgment.

He who is not a knocker by force of logic op-
poses all foolish motions and assists ux>on the
passage of all good ones is wise.

He who is mentally broad enough to perceive
that there are other honest ones besides himself
cannot go far wrong.

Fraternally yours,

Wm. M. Bowbn,
Financier, No. 468.

our own members and it would also show those
who are not members of our Brotherhood the ne-
cessity for getting in line and contributing their
share towards the success of an organization that
has done so much for them. I sincerely hope the
delegates from Chicago lodges will use their best
efforts and influence with other delegates to bring
about the desired results.

Yours in B., S. & I.,

RoBT. C Baicuck,
Lodge No. 76S.

Chicago, 111,

In a very short time the Grand Master's gavel
will sound and call to order eight hundred dele-
gates, representing the greatest railroad organiza-
tion on earth. Our Journal is deluged with sug-
gestions in regard to insurance changes and other
important questions that no doubt will be intro-
duced to that large body of legislators. Some of
those suggestion have come from members who
have given the questions serious consideration and
should not be overlooked, while others appear
ridiculous. It would be occupying valuable time
to consider them. Personally I have given those
matters very little thought, nor have I any advice
to offer in that direction. I have every reason to
believe those questions will be handled with the
greatest care and satisfactorily to all interested.

One very important matter has engaged my at-
tention for some time — ^the necessity of placing a
Vice-Grand Master in Chicago. Chicago is con-
sidered the battleground of the United States and
all roads look to it as a criterion. Judging from
the recent settlement it is easily seen that we have
the situation well in hand. Notwithstanding the
noise of .the other fellow, but even under present
favorable conditions a Grand Lodge officer would
be a great help. It would infuse new blood in

Springfield, Ohio,

Our lodge is in good condition, but is not
troubled with extra large attendance, and we hope
our members will do better and help out in the
work. We have a candidate at every meeting, and
very often several of them.

I have read many suggestions as to what should
be done by our coming Convention. I do not un-
derstand the propriety for changing the titles of
our Grand Lodge officers. President, vice-presi-
dent, etc., may be more appropriate, but the pres-
ent names sound good to me, because the word
"Master" conveys to the mind just what our Grand
Lodge officers are. They have mastered the diffi-
culties that they have encountered in a masterful
manner, therefore the title should not be changed.

Matters of far more importance should be con-
sidered by our delegates, such as insurance and
the length of time between our conventions. If
any change is made in these present rules, they
must be done judiciously. I trust that everybody
will consider these problems, and master them.

I am not in favor of changing the time limit for
a new member. Make him serve one year. He
is a brakeman by that time, and that is what we
want. If he has any pride in him, he will come
in then, and if he has no pride, we don't want
him. Much more could be said on this subject. I
would suggest to the delegates that they remember
that we have been successful, and not to err in
making changes.

A. E. KiLGORV,

Master Lodge No. 678.

Spokane, Wash.

In reference to the meeting point signal, men-
tioned in the Joubnal some time ago, I desire to
say that on the O. R. & N. we have a revolving
lamp in the cupola, made of three different colored
glasses. When running, this shows green in front
and red behind. To stop, we turn the red in
front and if we do not stop we turn the white in
front If we have a meet order at a station, when
the engineer whistles for the station we turn the
red light in front, which the engineer answers
with two short whistles. I find this plan works
very nicely, and is convenient It is not a stand-
ard rule, but all of our cabooses are equipped with
these lights, and the arrangements have been made
among ourselves.

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EDITORIAL

Vol. XXIV.

No. 3

The Sixteen Hour Law.

Just now there b no such law and the
chance of there being one at the end of
this session of Congress is impossible.
The railroads were opposed to it, and in
consequence it was a hard matter to get
action that would determine whether the
criminal practice of the railroads working
their train and engine men as long as they
please regardless of their physical fitness,
should be discontinued.

The railroad companies have oflfered very
inconsistent arguments in defense of their
opposition to the measure. One of them is
to the e£fect that "we do not make it a
practice of keeping our men out more than
sixteen hours at a time." The law pro-
vides for delays from good and sufficient
cause. That it neglects to cover the exces-
sive tonnage causes for delays, is a serious
oversight in the eyes of the railways that
"do not hold their men out more than six-
teen hours.** If railways did not work their
men more than sixteen hours they would
not oppose the law.

Another reason g^ven against the bill is
that "it would force the men to remain long
hours at terminals at their own expense,
etc" Men are held any nimiber of hours at
terminals waiting for their tonnage and the
companies do not pay their expenses. Even
if the contention of the railways is cor-
rect, the men can go on duty at the expira-
tion of ten hours, if there is a train for
them. If there is not a train they must
wait for a week if the companies so de-

cide and then start out with a heavy
train and a certainty of using more than
sixteen hours for the return trip. This ar-
gument is a plea for excessive tonnage and
way work.

The companies appealed to the men to
fight the bill, and brought many protests
from them to Congress to prove that the
men were against the proposed law. We
doubt not that a petition could be secured
under the same circumstances asking for
the right to work until the employe felJ
dead. Petitions of the kind ought not to
influence Congress, for they are usually
obtained under duress or through the work
of certain "weak sisters" who are ready to
declare for anything their employers put
up to them and go among the men with a
company petition to have their fellows
sign with them.

The writer listened to a "patriot" who
was burning up space with his petition
work in defense of the right of the men to
work as long as the company wanted them
to work. His petition was presented with
the argument that "if the law were passed
it would reduce wages, it would tie up the
men five miles from home, it would prevent
their making overtime and in fact if such
a law were passed the consequences would
be so terrible to the train and engine ser-
vice that it brought on a spasm of the horrors
to think of it." The argument was in-
spired by his superintendent, had nothing
reasonable to it and was jaerely one of
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

those manufactured affairs that go to Con-
gress to shield that body for its failure to
enact needed legislation.

The sixteen hour law, as it stands, is
nothing else than a law against excessive
tonnage and excessive local or way freight
work. The law protects the company for
due and proper cause for time failures. It
allows overtime for mishaps not of the
usual order, but it does not protect a com-
pany when it sends out a drag so loaded
down that it cannot make running time
and is certain to spend more than sixteen
hours in running over the usual division.
The average time of a freight train is sup-
posed to be ten miles an hour, or so the wage
schedules provide, as a rule, but when a
train cannot make even this slow time
there is something wrong with its make up.

The railroad companies have persuaded
the men that they will lose money if the
law becomes effective. The writer is not
much impressed with the railroads' argu-
ment We do not often have the railways
defend the right of their men to make
money tmless they are making more money
for the companies. The practice of adding
to the day's wages by overtime is not a
good way to make enough money to in-
sure a decent living. If railroad employes
cannot earn enough in a reasonable day
then they ought to get more or work at
something else. The wage per hour of the
average train man is no more than that of
the laborer who makes $2.00 for eight hours
and takes no hazardous chances as a part
of his employment.

Following the very bad practice of years,
the railway employes have depended on
their overtime for much of their wages. A
day's work ought to be sufficient to allow
any man a living. When railroad men
commence to figure that eight, or at the
most, ten hours, are long enough to work
at one time, their wages will come along to
their living standard. Railroad men ought
to realize this truth and be ready to stand
for it. There is no organized trade in this
country today that does not enjoy the eight
hour workday or has made a stiff fight to
get it and still has it on its program, ex-
cept the railroad organizations.

Railroad men ought to remember anoth-

er thing. If trains are nm of such tonnage
that they can make their runs in fair time,
there will be more trains, better running
time, less lay over at terminals waiting foi;
"all the cars on the road" to make up a
train, and steadier employment, which in
the aggregate will bring in just as much
money as the present practice of staying on
the road thirty hours and then laying, af
terminals equally as long, unless there is a
rush on that sends them back.

The writer has been nosing arotmd a lit-
tle and has discovered rtms without num-
ber where the anticipated time is not less
than twenty hours to as many more as are
needed to cover 100 miles. There are
runs that make so much over time that
the men only work five da/s a week and
then have to rest for two days. They then
are able to make a full week by so doing.
Tonnage tells the story. One train crew
does the work of two crews, yet any su-
perintendent would explain to these men
that if the sixteen hours' bill were passed
that it would reduce their wages. If the
truth were told it would be to say that
the men would make as much money, make
it easier and the company would not make
as much as it does by its present practice
of paying one crew for twenty hours in-
stead of paying two crews for one day
each.

To better illustrate, we quote from a let-
ter received:

"This division is a regular yard from one
end to the other and we are doing all kinds of
work. It takes from one to three and sometimes
four days to make a round trip of ninety miles.
When a man is called for a 'Lehigh' it means a
trip of ninety miles and he takes a small lunch
pail, expecting to be back the same day, so the
rest of the time he is out he starves. The long
runs are worse, for they take from three to five
days to make 240 miles and the man needs a small
wash boiler to carry his meals. The way some of
the crews have to slug away at the 'grabs' they
get, with only one brakeman to do the work, is a
shame. It is cruelty to human beings. The hu-
mane society would not permit an animal to be
used the same way."

There need be no worry that freight
trains will be held up at outside points be-
cause of failure to get in on time. The
companies will not be anxious to send out
relief crews to dead-head in the regulars.
One company we have in mh
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pretend to start a freight train out without
eighteen hours or more ahead of it for 125
miles. Tonnage tells the story. So it is
with all of the others that arc ready to
defend their right to continue their criminal
practices under any guise they can offer.

We quote from Collier's on the bill as
it now stands :

The alleged combination to "haze" Senator La
FoUette was itself unmercifully hazed on January
10. In the last session of Congress Mr. La Fol-
ktte introduced a bill to pfotect the public from
accidents by limiting the hours of labor of railroad
employes. The majority of the Senators did not
want to pass it, but at the same time they felt a
delicacy about squarely opposing it. They pleaded
for delay. It was a very important measure — Sen-
ators ought to have time to give it thoughtful con-
sideration, so that it could be passed in perfect
form. Mr. La FoUette was patient The days ran
on until the end of the session was at hand. It
was plainly impossible to crowd the bill through
in those fleeting minutes — Senators regretted the
situation, but such was life. Then a sUrtling dis-
covery was made. Almost every Senator was in-
terested in some appropriation in the Public Build-
ings bill« and when that bill came along Mr. La
FoUette was standing on the track with a red lan-
tern. He was very sorry, but if the time was to6
short to pass the Hours of Labor bill, he feared it
was too short to pass the Public Buildings bUl. The
Senators capitulated and agreed by unanimous con-
sent that, if La FoUette would kt them have the
post-offices and custom-houses for which their con-
stituents were pining, they would make the Hours
of Labor biU the unfinished business in the next
session and take a vote on it upon the 10th of
January.

Every day this session La FoUette has been on
band at two o'clock to stand guard over that agree^
ment and keep the bUl from being dropped in his
absence into the unfathomable depths of the cal-
endar. At last the day for the vote approached.
Senators who had let weeks pass without manifest-
ing any desire to discuss the subject began again
to deplore the unseemly haste with which they were
expected to act. Toward the end a real debate
sprang up. Manufactured memorials against the
biU from unions and individual railroad employes
who wanted to work more than sixteen hours a
day were poured into the Senate.

Mr. La FoUette furnished evidence showing that
most of the alleged opposition to the biU on the
part of employes had been directly inspired by the
companies. He then produced and had printed in
the Congressional Record a really appalling list of
accidents caused by overworked and exhausted
trainmen. An engineer who had been on duty for
forty-three hours "used poor judgment" in stop-
ping on a curve — astonishing lapse for such a fresh
mind as his must have been — and there was a col-
lision. In another collision the train was "not
under control," after the crew had been only forty-
two hours on duty. In another case a signalman

who had been at work for twenty hours went back
to flag and fell asleep. Only one man killed, luck-
ily. A conductor and engineer who had been on
duty for thirty hours forgot to protect the rear of
their train with a flag. Collision. Another colli-
sion occurred while the engineer was asleep after
forty-eight hours of service following six hours of
rest. Twenty-one such accidents occurred after
the adjournment of the last session of Congress,
and *'i have no doubt,*' said Mr. La FoUette, "that
at least twenty of the twenty-one accidents would
have been averted had the bUl which is pending
today been enacted at the last session of Congress
and the hours of limitation upon service enforced."
When the time came to vote upon the amend-
ments a majority of the Senators voted to crippte
the bUl whenever they could do it without a rec-
ord, and turned the other way on almost every
question in which the yeas and nays were put
down in black and white. The chief test came
when Mr. La FoUette moved to strike out the
whole mutilated bill and insert a short and con-
sistent substitute. The v0te on that proposition
was as follows:

YEAS— «e.
Bacon, Dem. La FoUette, Rep.

Berry, Dem. Kittredge, Rep.

Brandegee, Rep. Latimer, Dem.

Brandege, Rep. Mallory, Dem.

Burkett, Rep. Money, Dem.

Culberson, Dem. Nelson, Rep.

Daniel, Dem. Overman, Dem.

DoUiver, Rep. Patterson, Dem.

Dubois, Dem. Perkins, Rep.

Du Pont, Rep. Rayner, Dem.

Elkins, Rep. Scott, Rep.

Flint, Rep. Simmons, Dem.

Foster, Dem. Stone, Dem.

Frazier, Dem. Taliaferro, Dem.

Gearin, Rep. Teller, Dem.

Hansbrough, Rep. Tillman, Dem.

Hemenway, Rep. Warner, Rep.

Hopkins, Rep. Whyte, Dem.

NAYS— S8.
Ankeny, Rep. Gallinger, Rep.

Blackburn, Dem. Hale, Rep.

Bulkeley, Rep. Heyburn, Rep.

Burrows, Rep. Kean, Rep.

Carter, Rep. Knox, Rep.

Clapp, Rep. Lodge, Rep.

Cark, Mont., Dem. Long, Rep.

Clark, Wyo., Rep. McCreary, Dem.

Crane, Rep. McCumber, Rep.

CuUom, Rep. MUlard, Rep.

Depew, Rep. Pettus, Dem.

Dick. Rep. Piles, Rep.

Dillingham, Rep. Proctor, Rep.

Foraker, Rep. Smoot, Rep.

Frye, Rep. Sutherland, Rep.

Fulton, Rep. Warren, Rep.

Of the yeas, nineteen were cast by Democrats
and seventeen by RepubUcans; of the nays, twenty-
eight by Republicans and four by Democrats. Once
more a Senate nearly two-thirds Republican was
controlled by Democratic votes against the wishes
of a majority of the Republican members.

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After the adoption of the substitute the railroad
contingent ceased to fight The ancient Pettua of
Alabama was left waving his State Rights flag
alone, and on the passage of the bill as amended
all the rest of the Senators present, seventy strong,
ranged themselves under the banner of the hazed
and ostracized La FoUette.

The bill as passed forbids any employe on a train
carrying interstate or foreign freight or passengers
to remain on duty more than sixteen consecutive
hours, unless in specified exceptional cases, or to
go on duty after sixteen consecutive hours' service
without having had at least ten hours off duty, or
to work more than sixteen hours in the aggregate
within any period of twenty-four. Violations of
the law on the part of any common carrier or its
officers are made punishable by a fine of not* less
than $100 or more than $1,000.

This quotation will not be popular among
the set that stands so staunchly for non-
partisan performance. The Brotherhood ol

Railroad Trainmen has gone on record as
censuring the leaders of the party who did
not pass the laws asked for by the Brother-
hood. If censure is to be handed out to
the negligent then it is fair to hand out
commendation to those who are not, so the
above vote has been published. It will be
noted that when the LaFollette bill was
assured of passage that all of the Senators
were ready to vote for it. Senator Pettus
voted Nay because he believes the matter
is one for state rather than national regu-
lation.

The LaFollette Bill was so emasculated
by the railroad lobby in the House that
when it came to a vote, friends of the regu-
lar bill voted against it. The House
killed it

Wages Of Discontent.

Today offers a rather peculiar condition
of affairs. The country is enjoying its
greatest prosperity and it is also experiencing
its greatest period of discontent. The United
States has never enjoyed such a contin-
ued term of business activity, and from
appearances it will continue for some time
to come. There are pessimists, here and
there, who offer direful predictions as to
the outcome, but as a rule, they have been
ousted from some particular position with
one of the great combinaticms, are working
the stock markets, or are unduly apprehen-
sive of the effect of the laws that are in
process of making, whereby certain privil-
eges now enjoyed by a few will be re-
stricted that the many may add to the
profits of their industry.

Only in very serious times and in very
good times do we have such pronounced
expressions against the inequalities that
mamtain between the few and the many.

Between 1893 and 1897, the industrial
depression caused a careful study of eco-
nomic questions that, we believe, did the
entire country a world of good. After
business commenced to pick up and the
present era of prosperity began, steady and
regular employment for the majority of the

workers did not lead them to forget the
differences that were so forcefully appar-
ent during the industrial depression. A
spirit of discontent had been bom, it had
been encouraged by dull times and precar-
ious methods of living; ample time to
study the problems that have been brought
into being by the combinatkms of indus-
tries was afforded and people began to
realize that there was something personal
in this study of the question of "how to
live."

Now that business is at the flood tide oi
prosperity it may appear strange that there
is a greater feeling of discontent among
the wage workers than there was when
times were dull and work not so plenty.

There is no education that sinks so deep-
ly into the mind and leaves its impress so
long as the education that comes from
the hard knocks of adversity. One cannot
realize what distress means until he has
been in real trouble. Then it is that "fel-
low feeling makes us wondrous kind" and
we do not overlook the distress that comes
to our notice. It becomes a part of our
own in every sense.

Since the fall of man there has been
human discontent that has shown itself m

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various ways, but usually for the better-
ment of the human race. This discontent
has brought man from a cave dwelling ex-
istence to his home of the present. It has
brought him from barbarism to civilization,
but the lesson all the way has been one oi
fighting an uphill battle, with plenty of
hard knocks for the participants but better
conditions for his successors.

The discontent of today is an intelli-
gent discontent, it is therefore a healthy
discontent It is not a feeling of unreason-
able hatred toward the employers or the
money holders but it is a determination to
end some of tlie inequalities that have
brought about the present conditions where-
in privilege has been the lever that has
moved a small set of financiers into a class
that manages the working and living con-
ditions of the rest of the country.

This discontent is not expressing itself
in the mouthings of a few wild-eyed agi-
tators whose expressions are against all
society. It shows itself in the general de-
mand for a better government, a higher and
more honorable administration of law, an
era of fairness imder which special privil-
ege will not permit a few to manipulate the
living of the rest of the people and a de-
termination on the part of tlie majority not
to put off the day of reform.

A contented people would soon be lost
from one cause or another as the result
of its content There could be no progress
in such a people, there would be no in-
centive to work for anything better. But
in a country where the people have com-
menced to make a study of their affairs of
all kinds and where they can analyze ques-
tions of moment to themselves and their
government there need be no fear that
their discontent will result in harm either
to themselves or their government.

This study of questions that affect them
particularly has brought about a better
knowledge of the difference between the
cost of production and the relative differ-
ence between wages and the cost of living.
This means that men no longer accept
wages without knowing what can be pur-
chased with them. They have studied the
difference between the amount paid to their
employers in profits and the amount paid

in wages and they have demanded a bet-
ter share for their labor.

There never was a time when the general
public was so determined to stop the whole-
sale powers of the trusts as they affect
legislation and business abuses. Out of
this determination came a demand for bet-
ter wages and better living and, wise as
usual, the great corporations have met the
demands half way. That is, they have in-
creased wages about half the per cent of in-
creased costs as they apply to living. It is
a fact that wages have increased but one-
half of the cost of living. The employers
have made it a point to call attention to the
increased amounts to be paid in wages but
they have not shown up their re-arrange-
ments of capitalization because without
their present water they would have earned
so much money that it would have been
dangerous to publish their earnings. TKey
re-issued stocks, bonds and included plenty
of water that must be taken care of by in-
creased interest and dividends which make
earnings look small, but almost every reporf
could be doubled as to earning capacity if
the water were squeezed out of the capital-
ization.

But this spirit of discontent will urge the
workers to a further effort to understand
how much of the overload they are carry-
ing and they will demand that wages keep
pace with the cost of living even if it be at
the price of rearranging the methods of
doing business.

Our railroad employes have received in-
creased wages, perhaps greater increases
than have been paid to other kinds of la-
bor, and yet what they have received does
not commence to cover the increased cost
of living. The average percentage of in-
crease is not more than one-half of the in-
creased percentage of that cost It looks
like a large increase when the total is set
forth in figures but the total increase in
cost of living to each individual employe
would look much larger if presented in one
sum.

Every live busmess is making money and
the greater part of that money is not going
to the wage workers. Added to the work
of each employe there is the uninvested
capital that demands extra effoc( to pay in-
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266 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

terest and dividends before labor wages they would then hare received $16,000,000,000.

ran he figured ®"* ^ ^^ ^***^ ^^ could then hive bought with

canoe ngurca. $16,000,000,000 wage earners today would have to

The wage increases are acceptable, thej ^^^^ $21,000,000,000. Hence the difference be-

help out, but they are not equal to the "half tween what our wage eamert actually get and

paid to capital." ^^^ ^^ should get, on the 1890 basis, is $S,000.-

000.000 a year. This amount represents, approxi-

Moody's Magazme commented on the ^^^^^ ^^e 'rakeor that must go to somebody,

question of wages and profits thus : it is the price our workers and consumers are pay-

"Wage increases in this country have become *«« 'o"" the kind of prosperity that we see on aU

epidemic Farm wages have risen in all parts of «<»«• As to who gete it, we wiU not undertake

the country, so that they wiU probably average 10 to say, though we have some suspicions. The main

per cent more than a year ago. The wages of fact U that thU vast amount, through a price-and-

domestic help, in both city and country, have risen '^•S* i«wlc for which nobody in particular b to

materiaUy and wiU probably average 10 per cent blame, u yearly extracted from the pockets of our

more than a year ago, and 20 or 25 per cent more workers and apenders.

than six or eight years ago. The wages of com* "It is this $3,000,000,000 a year that is making

mon labor have also risen materially during the riches for certain people, or certain classes. It is

past few years. There are, however, no statistics the unfairness and injustice measured by this $3,-

of consequence as to these classes of labor. Re- 000,000^000 that is largely req>onsible for the pre-

liable or half-reliable wage statistics do exist vailing discontent that is breaking out in so many

though for most kinds of skilled labor, for em- places and ways. More than anything else, this

ployes on railroads and other public-service cor- fundamental injustice in the distribution of prod-

porations, and for many employes of large manu- ucts b creating unrest and dissatisfaction,

facturing and producing corporations. **j)^ i, Hie dark side of prosperity, superin-

"Probably the best test of the general rise in the duced by rising prices, and especially by rising

money wage level in this country is furnished by prices caused by inflation of money and credit,

the statistics of railroads, made yearly to the In- Such inflation is usually the result of a depreciai-

terstate Commerce Conunission. Unfortunately, ing standard of value or of paper money, made

these are usually more than a year old before they legal tender by fiat of some hard-up government,

are tabulated and published. These, in 1904, Such a money leads naturally to inflation of

showed an increase in wages, over 1896 or 1897, prices; to artificially stimulated production; to

of less than 10 per cent Since then until Novem- speculation in stocks, commodities and real estate;

ber of this year, average railroad wages have to increased cost of production; to increased cost

scarcely risen more than 4 or 6 per cent Appar- of living; to higher wages; to labor troubles; to

ently nearly all of the roads have either recently political and social unrest; to inability of workers

raised, or will soon raise, the wages of all getting to purchase at the high prices asked, the total

$200 a months or less. products offered; to a glut in markets; to closed

"The standard rise appears to be 10 per cent, milb; to a drop in prices; and to business panic

though many instances of from 6 to 8 per cent and disaster. If as in 1878. an increased supply

are reported. Assuming that, by next Spring, the of money b not forthcoming, the decline in prices

average rise will be 7 per cent for all employes, wiU continue for a long period. If as in 1857

it b likely that the general rise will then amount and in 1908, the supply of good money continues

to about 20 per cent during the last 8 or 10 years, to increase, the decline in prices will be only tern-

As about half of the employes of railroads consbt porary, and industry will soon again be as pros-

of skilled, and half of unskilled Ubor, and also perous as ever,

about half of organized, and half of unorganbed .„,„ .«».,. .. ...

labor, it i. safe to Msame that the average rise . *^''* '•"."" '"•*» '»»•"' "^f •» <•*'"•;

of money wage, ot railroad employe, is a {air aver- ""»» ""* «??"• *«" •" ~" "»"»* "«• °»»^

ace for the whole country. ThU being true, it I"*" *« ^^ P"~*^ They di.conr.ge qxcoU-

would appear that money wage* will not now aver- "^ "1 '?•"!:* «»«>»^ ,«~»«»»y "<>

age more than SO per cent higher than they aver- ♦^""- ^^'^ **" f! ,"«»* .«**""•' '«" "'"'f

ased ten year, aso '*"''' *" beneficial to induatry than stable

"But the cort ofUving ha. mo.t certainly gone ""?*•• '«* *^f *r"* T """"v'' 'tf* ^™/"'

up 40 per cent «nce July. 18»«. Thi. meui. that '°."«»^«'y «■»> ^'"^ »>'•» «« »»« «"^ »' ~»«

wages have risen only half as fast and half as P"'**-

much as have prices. It means that whereas $1.40 There is considerable information in this

b now required to buy wh.t »i bough, iniBM. comment that should not be Overlooked.

the average workingman has only $1.20 with which *,.. ,.,.

to purchase what seUs for $1.40. It means that I* shows that the COSt of hvmg, which is

there b a tremendous 'rake-off* left for somebody, wholly in the hands of the combinations

"As there are about 80,000.000 workers in this that furnish employment, is much greater

country, receiving an average of about $800 e«A ^^ ^^ mcxt^^tS amount to. It

per year, the total wage bill amounts to about iT r i.

$18,000,000,000. If thb b 120 per cent of what pomts out the fact that wage and labor

the same earners would have received in 1896. statistics are not worth much and it showS

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 267

that the question of the welfare of our en- There is a beginning to a healthier dis-
tire people is in the hands of the few who content that seeks to know the whyfore ol
by virtue of special privilege can double things that promises a closer investigation
capitalization, force the wage worker to with assured results for the progress of the
earn dividends and interest on money that wage working people. It is not well for
has never been invested and that panics are men when they are contented. The em-
made to order by this same class of finan- ployer is the one to profit from such con-
ciers who increase the cost of living 40 tent, but that he does not suffer from
per cent in ten years and raise wages less healthy discontent can be shown in the pros-
than 20 per cent in the same time. perous condition of business.

Chancellor Day Thanks The Trusts.

Chancellor Day, of Syracuse University, chances for being in school in pursuit ot
leaped into fame over night not long ago the higher training are remote, and even if
by denouncing the President of the United he gets there he is not permitted to get
States because he expressed a belief that away with the notion that all men are equal,
corporations ought to be as decent as the Why should it be otherwise? The schools
rest of the business world. Qiancellor Day live on the bounty of Rockefeller and his
gained little credit among the fair minded kind. The millions that go each year to
people who read his denunciations. His the universities are all taken from the peo-
school lives, as do the rest of the large col- pie by virtue of the combinations over
leges, on the bounty of the corporation which these men preside and that control
philanthropists, so Chancellor Day compares the necessities of life from the raw mater-
favorably with Holy Writ in that, "The ial to the finished product. John D. gives
ox knoweth his owner and the ass his mas- a couple of millions to his favored univer-
ter's crib." The learned gentleman always sity and the price of oil goes up. John
talks like a man coming from the pay and his associates raise the price and divide
car, enthusiastic and happy in the knowl- the proceeds among themselves and their
edge that his duty has been well perform- institiftions of learning. Would Chancel-
ed, or if it hasn't, that he has received the lor Day take a "hand out" from the Stand-
coin for it anyway. ard Oil crowd with one hand and shake

Men like Chancellor Day serve a useful his fist at it with the other? Not on your
purpose. They are not particularly danger- life, and his frequent public defenses of
ous, for even a regulation trust philan- the trust and its goodness and the compara-
thropist knows the Chancellor simply bub- tive badness of the agitators and anarchists
bles over with enthusiastic speech, as oil of unions of labor, who furnish the Chan-
from a gusher, because his living and cellor with horrible visions, are evidence
business depend upon the good will, that the man knows his master's crib,
and part of the fixtures, of the class he so The Chancellor recently addressed a
stoutly defends. The really serious fea- meeting of the Manufacturers* Club of
ture of the position taken by the Chancellor Brooklyn, and among other things he said :
b that his beliefs will become a part of the "The man who is shouting himself hoarse
educational course of the school over which over trusts and corporations and swollen
he presides. The higher education is not fortunes will take his place in history with
calculated to encourage the common per- the men who smashed Arkwright's loom
son with much of a belief in his being as and Whitney's cotton gin and the pamphlet-
good as the rest of mankind. If the student eers who ridiculed George Stephenson's
is wealthy he knows he is better than the locomotive,
common herd, and if he is not wealthy his "As long as th*» gfople , gf^^^>^f^(!5<l4^'

258

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

edly taught by the agitators of various
tj'pes, that corporations have for their pur-
pose the robbing of the people and the op-
pression of the poor, business will be ob-
structed and the people will suffer a severe
penalty of their folly.

"The mechanics and workingmen*s in-
terests are being imperiled by a spirit oi
rampant investigation and business perse-
cution today far more than are those of the
great corporations.

"It is stupendous folly to talk about giv-
ing individuals a chance to act alone by
forbidding individuals to work together. It
is a piece of insolence for the individual to
insist that the corporation shall be dis-
banded because it selb me goods cheaper
than he can.

"This new doctrine that you can legis-
late tmsuccessful men into success by legis-
lating successful men out of success is a
piece of imbecility.

"Prosecuting attorneys are yelping like
wolves at every corporation in the land.
Judges and prosecuting attorneys know
that they are expected to convict

"If we want to reduce 'swollen fortunes'
we better look about for new and gp'eater
uses to which to apply them in opening
10,000 unemployed and unused resources of
our country and in philanthropy, educa-
tion, and in promoting common thrift, than
in the socialistic insanity of confiscating
them above a certain sum to be set by our
congressmen.

"Railways are so overwhelmed with the
business of this country that wrecks are
the current news at every breakfast.

"There need be no fear of the use of
wealth because as never before the peoplq
who possess it are intelligently asking for
the wisest and best way to serve the race
with it. Make the men of this world big-
ger with each generation and the fortunes
of men will not be too great. There is no
fear of accumulated wealth if equally we
accumulate manhood.

"The source of a fear which cannot be
exaggerated is the entrance of labor union-
ism into politics and its adoption of Social-
ism and anarchy as a creed and doctrine.
It is a despotism which threatens our
democratic institutions. It clutches by the

throat our plainest and most fundamental
liberties. It makes the absurd boast ot
having produced the wealth of the world
by the labor of the hand.

"How much was there in the world so
long as the hand was the only thing that
worked? It was only after the brain began
to work and men discovered ways of de-
veloping the resources of this earth by the
forces of nature and by a thousand in-
ventions— which the man who worked with
his hand tried to destroy— that hand work
did anything beyond the crudest form,

"The labor of this world today is brain
labor and the hand toiler has the easiec
job a thousandfold. The brains of wealth
are furnishing the laboring man his <:hance
to work."

The Chancellor must have been mightily
exercised over the threatened dangers ol
investigation that moved a few of his bene-
factors to sudden trips abroad. We would
like to bet the Qiancellor, provided, of
course, that he will forget his dignity, and
bet with an agitator, that the agitators who
are after swollen fortimes will not be num-
bered among those who destroyed the cot-
ton gin and other machines. These fearsome
and terrible anarchists are not trjring to
destroy anybody's machinery, they are
merely endeavoring to see to it that when tlie
machinery runs nicely that all of its pro-
duct does not nm into the pockets of the
"brain laborer" who works hardest when
his printing presses double capitalization
without his investing a cent. They do not
object to the Standard Oil trust because
it is a trust. They object because the
trust raises the price of oil and its by pro-
ducts, makes the people pay the raise, di-
vides the revenue among a lot of men who
have the power to strong arm the consumer
and who attempt to lay up treasures in
Heaven by way of donations to the Syra-
cuse University and Chancellor Day.

The wooden platitudes offered by the
Chancellor to the effect that, "brain labor"
gives the man a chance to work must make
the trust magnates chortle until they choke.
We realize that "brain labor" produces a
lot of things, good and bad, among them
speeches from Chancellor Day, but this
same "brain labor" would retire to its man-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 269

sions if the favored laborer should take financial breastworks will cry shame the

a notion to not accept the work furnished next time the Chancellor opens his mouth

by the **brain laborers" and try to do things to defend the system,
for hhnself. No, Mr. Chancellor Day, the President

There is a wonderful lot of Chancellor is not an anarchist, the labor tmions are
Day's talk that sounds as if paid for, as not anarchistic, not even socialistic to any
we feel it is through contributions to his great extent; they merely desire to lighten
school It shows the trend of the great the burdens of industry by placing tax on
schools to stand for what they are pleased the profits of advantege. That is all, so
to term, progressiveness in industry. As rest easy and be assured that the wheels
it applies to the owning class, there is no will hum, the mines and the oil wells produce
question but as it applies to the millions ot for the benefit of the trusts, and the uni-
wage workers there is nothing but question, versities, long after all of us are gone and
Because a man, or set of men, has skinned forgotten. Great nations are slow to arouse
some one of all his possessions it does not to concerted action, spasmodic rumbles arc
follow that there is conferred a right to not to be regarded as signs of immediate
skin the rest of mankind. The trusts that eruption and destruction. Even the pro-
call upon Chancellor Day to defend them foimd words of one who knows so little
have skinned the world, but will not divide of the questions he argues as does Chancel-
thc hide. lor Day, will not bring about a change ol

The Chancellor does not understand his affairs that will seriously interfere with the

subject He merely talks to his friends present methods of the "brain laborers"

and they know his talk does not ring true, who are furnishing the laboring man a

The first one of them to fall outside of the chance to work.

Employes And Contracts.

The railroad organizations make their The railway organizations require a pre-
contracts apply to all employes in the class liminary term of service before an em-
of service for which the contract is made, ploye is eligible for admission to the asso-
regardless of whether all of the men are ciation covering his class of employment,
members of their organizations or not It and, in standing to this resolutioUi. they
is taken for granted that an organization have done so under the impression that it
making a contract represents a majority of is the proper thing for them to do so for
the men affected by it and assumes the full the reason that membership in an organ-
responsibility for its being carried out by all ization can be accepted as evidence that
employes. This means that when there is the employe is fully capable of perform-
disaffection on the part of the employes ing the service required of him. So far as
that the organization holding the agreement this opinion goes it is right enough, but the
is in duty bound to supply men for all va- more important matter of having all the
cancies that may be made by withdrawals men working under the ag^reement of the
from the service if the employer demands organization governing a particular class,
that it be done. in and under the control of that organiza-

Understanding this obligation of contract tion, is overlooked and in consequence,

it is then a matter of necessity that the there are always a number of employes who

organization making a contract have suflS- are not aflfiliated with the organization rep-

cient members that appreciate the force resenting their class of service,

and obligation of the agreement to main- It should not be overlooked that when a

tain it until it has been properly abrogated, labor organization ^att.empts^ legislate lor

260

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the men that it needs all of the men it can
get, and to fix an arbitrary rule whereby it
denies a certain class of employes the right
of admission is to weaken its representation
and limit its power to maintain its con-
tracts. The idea that the railway organiza-
tions have only experienced men on their
rolls is a matter of sentiment with them,
that is not appreciated by their employers.
When conditions warrant, the tendency is
to employ inexperienced men without re-
gard to the experienced employes who may
be seeking service. If it were the rule for
the railway companies to ask for organiza-
tion men to the exclusion of inexperienced
men there might be some good reason for
a continuance of thi^rule of exclusion, but
they do not.

The question is not of as much import-
ance to the Engineers and Conductors as it
is to the Trainmen and Firemen, for the
latter organizations serve as the training
schools for the other employments, and
while the newly promoted men may not be
in the organization peculiar to their em-
ployment, they are, if members, protected
and governed by the organizations to which
they belong. They are under organization
discipline and in sympathy with tlie con-
tracts governing their employment.

In other employments it is the rule to
demand that each new employe at once
accept membership in the organization gov-
erning the trade, and where the closed shop
is the rule this is imperative. It is the
custom on the part of certain organiza-
tions to have the employer deduct the dues
of the organizations from the payments
made to employes, although this is not the
general rule, for many employers will not
serve as organizers for their employes. If
it can be made the rule the organization
working under it has the double advantage
of having the men as members and of hav-
ing the assistance of the employer in keep-
ing them in good financial standing. This
means organization in its closest sense.

for the reason that the employe accepts
membership in the organization as a con-
dition of employment

The railroad organizations have not
sought to force any man to accept mem-
bership. Their policy has been too much
the other way for, unless extra need was
felt for increased membership they have
been too indifferent in asking the new em-
ployes to join with them even after they
had served the required time. As a rule
the trainman, yardman, or fireman will in
time get into the organization of his class,
but he might get there much sooner if the
organizations made special effort to bduce
him. The fact that men work for a given
time without membership makes it more
difficult to have them understand the need
for their affiliation. They receive the same
wages, work under the same conditions,
and have the same rights as the organiza-
tion members, and very often these matters
are pointed out to them by their subordinate
officials with the query, "why join and pay
dues, etc.?** All of these conditions have a
tendency to keep them from the organiza-
ticms for a time, and during such period
the organizations legislate for them but do
not have control over them. All of them
are necessary, however, to the maintenance
of the wage agreement.

The Journal has not always agreed with
the sentimental notion that "a card of mem-
bership guarantees good service." As it
is, the card of this Brotherhood shows the
term of service, which is honest enough for
it tells how long the man has served. If
the employers preferred experienced men
there would be something substantial to the
argument for a year's preliminary service,
but as they do not, it appears reasonable to
believe that as soon as a man is acceptable
to the employer, qualifications permitting,
he ought to be acceptable to the organiza-
tion. To deny him admission for one year
is a mistake from the labor organization
point of view.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 261

Japan Invites Trouble.

It need not make the least diflFerence cannot just now recall it, and, strange to
what the peacefully inclined advise or what tell, Congress dignifies every demand,
the bellicose declare, will be the outcome The United States is an international
of the agitation between Japan and the busybody and in that imenviable position
United States, so far as the present status stands to get it good and plenty when the
of the affair is concerned. That will be time comes. There won't be enough old
quieted for a time. The Japanese will shoes in the international backyard to
never be satisfied imtil they have tried con- throw at us.

elusions with some civilized nation, and, as During the war with Spain, our friends
the United States will doubtless offer the could be counted on one hand with fingers
first good excuse, and as it has several to spare. Today we would have less, for
pieces of property scattered in out of the ^^ have since then promised to **help" oth-
way places that Japan needs, and would ers who have not thanked us.
have little trouble in picking up in case oi Through our sympathy for the Cubans
war, the final outcome is certain to be an ^e secured the Philippines for our national
exchange of courtesies that are common to museum. We paid the price to show that
war. we were a forgiving nation, that we did

The friendship of fifty years, the good „ot fight to hold possessions we won in
offices of the United States and all of the ^ar and to prove other things that were
other conditions that cemented interna- ^ot exactly common sense propositions from
tional friendship have been forgotten in a business standpoint. But we were con-
this present excitement, raised over a tri- siderably swelled by the victory over a
vial matter, which, if anything, merely "dead one" and— we had the price. In the
shows how anxious the Japanese are to dis- summing up of the war, Spain won the vic-
cover a cause for offense. tory. She unloaded her troubles on the

To commence with the United Stotes is United States for a good price. We have
paying the usual penalty that attaches to them yet. Part of this purchased victory is
the everlasting busybody. This country the cause for our fuss with Japan,
poses as the great international regulator. The United States intervened and
It makes no difference where the trouble is brought about an end of her war with Rus-
or what its nature may be, there is demand sia. Both nations were glad to get through
from a noisy number that the United Stetes with the fight. Japan was out of money
interfere and regulate the matter. and Russia out of courage so, it was a

In the past few years this country has good time to quit. They quit at the inter-
been advised by certain interested ones to vention of the President and each side went
regulate the Turks, the Russians, and the home and told their people in so many
Spaniards. We have been ordered to set- words that "if the United States had mind-
tie with the brigands in Morocco and the ed her own business they would have wiped
King of the Belgians in the Kongo; South the other fellow off the slate." The Rus-
American nations have all been regulated, sians and Japanese believe it. The result
more or lesss, Cuba is under our regulating »s that Russia and Japan have no friend-
hand, the Philippines groan under our lib- ship for this country; we have what the
erty and regulation, China paid us good man gets who mixes up in a family row.
money for regulating her people, and we owe Japan wants the Philippines and Hawaii,
her some which we overcharged her for the In the event of war she could take the one
job, and if there is one country, except in a fight as easily as we took the Philip-
Germany, that has not been passed up for pines and could get Hawaii the same
regulation in some form or another, we way we got it, through ^r^^^f^HJ^

262 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

rising. The Pacific Coast could be de- Japan and the United States does not cover

fended, perhaps, but in the beginning the question. Good authority declares that

the United States would have as much the National Government has no control

humiliation to swallow as its dearest over the disposition of California's school

enemy could hope. That it would win funds. Good judgment will declare that it

in the end seems certain, but there would is not the business of Japan to say what

be something doing before the end was our school laws shall be. People who move

reached. Japan has a large, well trained to America ought to take the laws as they

army, strengthened by fanaticism of reli- find them. So long as the Nation does not

gion and race that does not value life. The prohibit the Japanese from educating their

United States has a small regular army and children wherever else they like, it is none

a "mob." Its navy is in fair condition but it of Aeir business what the State does for

could not cover the sea coast and the "fir- their education. The conditions were fixed

ing in the windward passage*' that sent cold before they reached America. What school

shivers down tlie American back, when the taxes shall be levied and how they shall be

Spaniard was on the high seas, was a small used ought to be our own business.

matter to what would happen if the navy .^ . • . ^t. ^ . .1. ^ t

- T . _. J . . • f . /r« It IS said that any charge that Japan is

of Japan started out to do busmess. (Two ^^ ,. ^ .. . • .

more big batUeships and another bundi of \««"P/>"f '^ ^^^'^ *<> ^^ ^^^ ^^w

sinkers, please.) This is the way we are *^^ ^^^^^ ^^^" ^ ™^"^fi^^^' '« ^^^' ^^

fixed to meet the school situation in Cali- '^ ^^' ^^^^ ^ ^" ^^ ^"^^ ^« »^"^?

fomia. ^^y *^ * settlement proposed that gives the

That Japan should declare war because ^"^'^^ question to the pleasure of Japan

her children in the United States must obey and at that without knowing whether the

the laws of a state of this nation seems ab- Japanese Government will accept it Why

surd, yet, when a nation is looking for ex- the hurry and bustle, confusion and htmiil-

cuse anything will do. The treaty between iation, if there is no need or cause?

The Public Won't Stand For It.

If there is anything that is supposed to ests and rights must be sacrificed to suit
give one a fearsome feeling it is to be the whims of the general public
gravely informed that "the public will not There is a thought suggestive of the doc-
stand for" some project he has in contem- trine of state rights in this "public won't
plation. stand for it" idea when it gets too far away

This statement is supposed to be a hor- from the rights of the individual, in its ef-
rible threat to throw at the head of any fort to make all things conform to the no-
man, or set of men, who purpose to do tion of what the rest of the people want
something that does not directly take all of In the general sense the public is that
the people into the proposition. part of the people who not being directly in-

The "public" is a peculiar proposition, terested in any certain proposition, stand off
Technically it means all of us, but specifical- side and threaten those who have it in
ly it means, in this sense, all of those who charge, by some vague threat that the ex-
are not directly concerned in a particular ercise of the rights of a part of the public
project in which only a part of the "public" will not be "stood for" by the rest of the
is concerned. public

The public demands that certain thmgs The railroad organizations have been

be done regardless of the opinions and trying to get more money for the men in

rights of a part of the public whose inter- the railway service. Their(work has not

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

268

been of the "get rich quick'' character. It
has been of the slow, deliberative, conserva-
tive kind that carefully calculates every inch
of the ground to be covered It is perfectly
safe to say that hasty performance in these
matters is not the rule. There is no extra-
ordinary act contemplated without the full
knowledge and sanction of the men. Even,
when after months of conference with the
companies and they fail to satisfy the em-
ploye, there is no untoward action that could
be construed as unpremeditated. If the mat-
ter comes to a question of leaving the ser-
vice, every step is carefully considered.
The effect of being out of work, perhaps
blacklisted; the sufferings of the families;
the lost years of service and every disad-
vantage of a strike are carefully put before
the men and the question, "Is it worth
while?" is left to every man for his own
decision. There is no feature on the dark
side that is not fully understood and if a
man believes he cannot afford to take the
chances of leaving the service he can vote
against the rest of the men doing so and no
man can accuse him of cowardice, for none
except the officer and committee in charge,
will ever know how he has voted.

If the railroad organizations can get
through this present demand for a chance
to live according to relative differences be-
tween wages and the increased cost of liv-
ing, without a strike somewhere, it will be
wonderfuL

In justice to the railway managers the
Journal believes that there b none who
wants his men to quit There is not
a railroad company in this country that
could operate its line if the men left
the service in a body for, just for
once in a hundred years, there are
more positions than men. Railroads are
pushed besrond capacity to handle their
traffic but railway managers are like rail-
way employes, there is some one higher up
who demands that they do certain things
and it is up to them to deliver the goods
and if needs be there may be some who will
have to fight to make an effort. We hope
not We know that there has not been a
demand made for hours or wages that was
unfair to the railroad companies.

The cost of living has advanced more
than 40 per cent in the past ten years. The
wage increases have not reached an average
of 25 per cent, which leaves a difference of
15 per cent which has gone either to the
employer, or the watered stock held by the
"widows and orphans" who demand a re-
turn on their investment

There has been a rumor here and there
that the railway employes on a certain line
would quit to enforce their demand for bet-
ter wages. The press has been quick to de-
noimce this statement and notify the men
that "the public would not stand for any-
thing of the kind. Business," they §aid,
"was too heavy and the company could not
spare its men to go on strike. It would be
wrong for the men to leave their employers
with so much traffic on hand, etc, etc"

This kind of stuff shows what a portion
of the public assumes without taking into
consideration the rights of the rest of the
public From what we know of the strike
proposition, the busy time is the time to
quit A strike was never intended to assist
the employer. If the men waited until he
had closed out his business before they
struck, the same far sighted public would
call them fools, "who ought to know better
than to quit when there were men waiting
to take their places or when the employer
could easily let them go."

The proper time to strike is when the em-
ployer needs the men the most If it is
necessary for the men to quit to secure liv-
ing wages they have a right to quit and it
is none of the business of the public to
"stand for or against" what they do, so
long as they do not interfere "with the in-
terstate commerce law, the police powers of
the state" and other numerous legal affairs
that are omnipresent to tell the railway
striker where to get off.

We respect the force of public opinion,
when it is right. We always want the pub-
lic with us, when we are right But if it
comes to the point where we are right and
we have to go against public opinion in de-
fense of that right, we will reserve to our-
selves the right of self defense, the right to
make enough wages to live like white men
which means to keep wages in line with the
advanced cost of living. ^ j

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264

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The public, usually, is a selfish proposi-
tion. It demands that the public, itself ex-
cepted, conduct its affairs so that the public
may not be inconvenienced. As a reward
for its general good nature the majority of
this great demanding public is working for
the same wages it received fifteen years ago.
The public ought to wake up, turn over,
it has been sleeping on its back too long,
and get in line with the proper enforcement
of fair demand for better conditions and try
to get something for itself. It is high time

the general public demanded a chance at the
porterhouse and fixin's and left its soup
bone and liver diet

Old Commodore Vanderbilt was accused
of saying "the public be damned." The
Commodore, doubtless, to his mind, had
good reason. It has been a popular thing
to "baste" him for saying it. The way he
said it was irritating, we admit, but there
are times when the public is irritating
enough to make some of the rest of us feel
less unkind toward the Commodore.

Rockefeller Invests A Few Millions.

Personally, the Journal does not propose
to attack Mr. Rockefeller but, rather the
methods for which he stands and endeavors
to perpetuate by bestowing liberally from
the millions he has been able to get together
by sharp practices, alleged criminal per-
formances and monopolistic privileges, en-
joyed by his corporation familiarly known
as Standard Oil.

As a type of the modem business man,
Mr. Rockefeller can stand alone. His suc-
cesses are phenomenal and his business in-
terests are so powerful and far reaching
that not one of US| perhaps not even him-
self, can appreciate what it means to abso-
lutely control certain lines of business and
be a powerful agent in every affair that of-
fers opportunity for profitable investment
The United States has declared that the
business methods of his chief concern are
dishonest. The absolute control of petro-
leum and all of its by products have g^ven
his company absolute domain over the busi-
ness in this country. It is within the pro-
vince of Standard Oil to raise or lower
prices at will. Through this combination of
authorized right to sell his goods for what
he can make the consumer pay, Mr. Rocke-
feller can give away a million dollars to-
day and make the people who buy oil or
any of its by products make it good to him
tomorrow.

Whenever Mr. Rockefeller feels generous
enough to give away money that he has

taken from the rest of us, he does so with-
out hesitation because he knows he can get
it back as soon as he needs it.

Within the past two years Mr. Rockefeller
has given away $43,000,000.00 to the cause
of education. This looks big and imposing
and if it were not for the fact that he
"strong armed" it away from the rest of the
people, it would be as big as it looks. The
truth of the matter is, Mr. Rockefeller has
collected this amount from the oil producers
and consumers, taken his commission and
turned a part of it over to an educational
commission for the perpetuation of the be-
lief in the right of predatory capital to make
an honest living.

Mr. Rockefeller has just handed over
$32,000,000.00 to an educational committee
to be given to the colleges, under his di-
rection, for their benefit. This is in keep-
ing with the ideas of the late Dr. Harper
to establish a chain of colleges similar to
the University of Chicago, Mr. Rockefel-
ler's chief beneficiary for several years past.

To say that this gift is wrong would be
not stating the case fairly, to Mr. Rocke-
feller. It is in the nature of an investment
for the defense of the rest of his wealth.
It is an insurance on the business affairs
with which he is identified and taken as a
straight business proposition it promises to
be as good an investment as Mr. Rocke-
feller usually makes. ^ j

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

266

It will be remembered that this amount
is to be donated or divided among the col-
leges under direction of Mr. Rockefeller or
his son. It can be accepted as fact that
there will be no college teaching economics
of the dangerous brand to the trust idea
that will receive any of the interest bear-
ing securities to assist it along.

This great sum is not in currency, but in
intere^ bearing sectjrities. Any college
that receives a gift of this kind will always
be interested in the value and earning pow-
er of these securities. The first attempt to
bring the concerns thus "secured" under
governmental, or state, regulation will be
met with the opposition of the institutions
depending upon the earning value of Mr.
Rockefeller's securities.

Mr. Carnegie, who is so afraid that he
will die rich that he keeps right on living,
takes this same precaution when he gives
his millions for libraries, churches, and the
like. Instead of giving currency he gives
interest bearing securities and it is the busi-
ness of the conununities blessed by his bene-
ficence to see to it that those securities do
mot depreciate in value. What better in-
surance could there be against the reforms
of the future than to know there will be a

self defense argument introduced by the
very people who demand regulation of cor-
porations. How can a community afford
to legislate away the benefits that are en-
joyed by its widows and orphans or how
can it deprive securities of their earning
capacity by legislation when their revenues
are needed to educate the youth of the
land?

Mr. Rockefeller is a philanthropist, so is
Mr. Carnegie, in the accepted sense of that
term. The writer does not consider either
of them entitled to any other credit than is
given to a shrewd business man when he
makes a safe investment

Both of them are in position to encourage
the payment of better wages through which
millions of children could get a start in the
rudiments of education that are now denied
them because just such good philanthropists
as Mr. Rockefeller will fight an employe
for ten cents a day in wages to give that
amount to an educational institution that is
far, far beyond the reach of his employe's
children. Mr. Rockefeller is not a philan-
thropist, he is all business. The proof?
Within a week of the announcement of the
donation, oil prices were given a boost and
it will go right back to John D.

States Only Can Control Child Labor.

The Judiciary Committee of the House
of Representatives has said that Senator
Beveridge has undertaken too much in his
National Child Labor Bill for the reason
that such questions, as the regulation of
labor, the labor of women and children and
other legislation affecting employment are
not within the jurisdiction of the National
Government, but are purely within the po-
lice powers of each State.

The intent of the Constitution has been
pretty freely quoted to prove that Congress
has no business to interfere with the rights,
or wrongs, of the people of the states and
it is held that it is the duty of each State
to protect its own people as it best can.

The report of the House Judiciary Com-
mittee in part read: —

'Tt would be just as logical to argue that
Congress can regulate the age, color, sex,
manner of dressing, height and size of em-
ployes, and fix their hours of labor as to
contend that Congress can exercise jurisdic-
tion over the subject

In the language of tlie Supreme Court
of the United States, the lives, health and
property of women and children engaged
in labor are exclusively within the power of
the states. The assertion by Congress of
such power would destroy every vestige of
state authority, obliterate state lines, nullify
the gp'eat work of the framers of the Con-
stitution and leave the state governments
mere matters of form, devoid of power.**

It cannot escape notice that whenever
there is a disposition on the part of centain
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266 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

members of Gmgress to do something for so many interested and the courts, there*
the general welfare of the people that there fore, can easily distinguish a vast differ-
are plenty of authorities who bring forth ence between the police powers of the states
the Constitution to prove that it cannot be and the laws of the nation. The United
done. References to the great work of the States can protect a hog on a freight train,
framers of this antiquated document, that but it cannot protect a brakeman on that
has been the plaything of politicians and same train. The hog and his owner enjoy
judges for many, many years, are made to the same legal rights on a railroad that all
do duty and serve as excuse for every at- hogs and their owners enjoy. The brake-
tack that is made on progressive legislation, man comes under the police powers of his

The question of child labor has become state and gets little or no protection,

one of great moment withirt the past few ^h^^ ^^^ ,^^ p^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^_

years. The abuses of pnv.l<«e that have ^^^ ^^^ ^^.^y^^ ^.^ ^^ ^^

been the means of bnnging this question to ,^ ^^^ ^^ ^j^^^ ^j .^^^^ ^^ ^^

every man and woman who.s awake to the ^^^ ^^^ constitutionality of national legis-

conditions that surround child and woman ,^,j^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ President the

slavery have created a demand for r«nedy ^.^y^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^ .^^^^ j^^ ,^j^^ ^^

that cannot much longer be d.sob^ed and ^^ ^^ ,^^ ^^ .^ ^ .^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^

in this declaration in defense of "state

assault the constitution with a club and be

nghts" there .s merely another excuse for ^^jj^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^

delay that w.11 impede the enactment of ^^^ ^^^^^ j,^ ^^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^^^

remed!al legislation. ^^ ^^^5,^ ^j,^ 5,^,^^ ^^^ ^^j^^^ j^^ ^j^

The doctrine of stote rights is a much generous provision that protected them and

discussed proposition and it has been drag- have not been a credit to their high office,

ged forth within the past three months and jf^^ propositions to deny them the right to

made to serve ite purpose regardless of declare upon the legality of a law and the

which way it is used. In the South the po^^j jo remove them for being "obnox-

right of the State to override the immigra- lous" merely reflect the condition of the

tion law and encourage violations has been p„blic mind toward the bench. Both are

conceded by the Government At the same i^gji impossibilities,

time the Government has made a stand on _, . . . ^

the claim that California has no right to 7»"« » «<>* « member of Congress but

control her educational institutions if they ^*"> '«*''"* *« mpossibihty of enacting

interfere wiU. National arrangements. This, s«ate 'aws tiiat wiU confer equal privUeges

too. in face of the fact pointed out by ex- °" *« »«>?'« °* *« «**««'«>* *«»*«• Cor,

Secretary Olney that the Japanese treaty P**'**' «"«^ »' '** equivalent, wiU bring

provides that State rights cannot be ^ertam states to offer unusual advantages

changed by any treaty provisions. to employers, corporations, and others, ti«t

The states do not pretend to interfere 7'».P«>'« » disadvantge to other states not
with any general rules, regulations or laws ''«^"'8 «"«"y advantageous hws. Busi-
controlling interstate traffic untU these "*** *'1 "«»^« '<> «*"!»« •«>"««* legislation
questions relate to the protection of em- '^ *" '»'^«' <>* privilege offers a safe an-
ployes against injury and death. Then «''°^'«« elsewhere. The idea of National
the fact is made plain that while all of the legislation is to create uniform conditions
interstate business is not the business of ""«*"■ **"* legislative advantage offered
any state, that whatoer pertains to tiie em- ^° <>"« ««' »^ P«>Pl« *11 "^"^^ *<> ^^ •^^
ploye is a matter tor the state and not for ^■='"*»K« «* ^o*' « "•<>*" l^^itX- I*
the general government The fact is that ''°^'<' '"*"« ^J"*! privilege and oppor-
all of the iieople are interested in interstate '""'^^ *»» «***« legislation wiU never offer,
traffic and the courts could not hold their The purpose of the corporations and em-
own against public demand for uniform ployers to fight national legislation can be
laws. When it comes to looking after the seen in the report herein quoted. Congress
life or limbs of an employe there are not still has the power to investinje.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

Stnd us a pkciogrmph tf tvery wrsck y&u can,
gitfiug csuse, number tiered and kilUd, iic,

♦ * *

WAJm».— To know the addreM of Walter dar-
by. Address Wm. Glarby, No. MS Second Ave.,
liUwankee, Wis.

m * *

Waiitid.— The address of O. R. McN&r, last
heard of in Kansaa City, Mo. Address F. W. Mc-
Nair, Unity Sution, Pa.

♦ ♦ ♦

Wamtid.— The address of A. S. Andrews, form-
erly of Lodge No. 80. Address H. C. Jones, No.
S28 S. Second St., Raton, N. Mez.

♦ * *

Wamtbd.— The address of A. C. Avery, member
of Lodge No. 40, last heard from at Minneapolis,
Minn. Address L. F. Avery, Box 800 Sidney,
N. Y.

♦ * ♦

Wamtbd. — ^To know the whereabouts of N. A.
Steavens, formerly a member of Lodge No. 609.
Addiess J. A. Tyler, No. 500 N. Grave St, Mar-
shaU Tex.

♦ * *

Wamtbd. — ^To now the whereabouts of John
Ronan; left Denison, Tex., two years ago. Ad-
dress Mrs. John Ronan, No. 816 Chestnut St,
Denison, Tex.

♦ ♦ «

Wamtbd. — ^To know the whereabouts of William
Walsh, of Lodge No. 244, last heard of in Bridge-
port, Conn., in November, 1900. Address John J.
Bums, Lodge No. 476.

♦ ♦ ♦

Wamtbd. — ^To know the whereabouts of John W.
Koehler, formerly of Lodge No. 689. Last heard
from at Denver, Colo., June, 1006. Address Finan-
cier Lodge No. 689.

♦ ♦ ♦

Wamtbd. — ^To know the whereabouts of R. Bixby,
last heard from was braking on the C. & G. W.
Ry., out of Dubuque, Iowa. Address Elmer Carlin,
No. 801 E. Main St, Qinton, 111.

♦ ♦ ♦

Wamtbd. — ^To know the whereabouts of M. J.
Kavin, member of Lodge No. 828. Last heard of
working at Dalhart, Texas, on the Rock Island.
Address A. C HUl, E. Las Vegas, N. M.

♦ * *

Two Habbobs, MiNM. — Lodge No. 889 is admit-
ting new members at every meeting. The yards are
working more engines than is usual at this time of
the ]rear, and, in consequence, everything is boom-
ing for OS.

W. L. Gatbbll.

MAMiiTBB, MxcR.^Lodge No. 664 is getting
along nicely and with good prospects for the year.
Our membership is increasing right along and we
are favored with very many visitors.

JoHM Lbxtch.

♦ * *

Wamtbd.— To know the whereabouts of M. D.
Cook, member of Lodge No. 818, last heard of he
was working in Colorado. His parents are getting
aged and are anxious about him. Address Finan-
cier, Lodge No. 818.

♦ 41 ♦

Wamtbd.— The address of T. J. Harris, last
beard from at Columbus. Ohio. Was with the
Hocking Valley Railroad Co. as yard master. Ad-
dress David Harris, No. 617 Churchill St, Mc-
Kees Rocks, Pa.

♦ ♦ ♦

BuCYBUS, Ohio. — Crawford Lodge Na 888 of
the Auxiliary is not very large in membership, but
has a fixed determination to do everything it can
to become one of the best lodges in the organiza-
tion. Sbcbbtaby.

♦ ♦ ♦

Kbmtvillb, Omt. — Lodge No. 788 is getting the
men just as fast as they are eligible, and is blessed
with a splendid set of officers, who make the meet-
ings very interesting. Everything is doing nicely
and promises well for the year.

M. WnxxAUS.

♦ ♦ ♦

LowBLL, Mass. — ^Lodge No. 888 is enjoying
splendid meetings under the direction of its new
officers and is getting along very nicely. We have
a large class ready for initiation, and we hope that
all of our members will do everything they can to
keep the initiation work going during the year.

M. W. MUBBAY.
« * ♦

Rutlamd, Vt. — Lodge No. 297 has about reached
the one hundred mark, and is receiving applications
at every meeting. Our brothers deserve to be
thanked for their good attendance at meetings and
for the interest they take in behalf of the organi-
zation. E. F. BUTTBBFLY.

♦ ♦ ♦

Thb Cythbbs Imcubatob Coupamy, Buffalo, N.
Y., has issued a splendid book entitled, "How to
Make Money With Poultry and Incubators." This
book will be sent to any reader of the Joubmal
who will write the company, mentioning the name

of this JOUBMAL. .

♦ 41 ♦

OvB readers will no doubt be pleased to wel-
come Messrs. Crofts & Reed back to our advertis-
ing pages, as they were so highly recommended to

268

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

us a little more tbtn a yetr ago by Brother W. M.
Clark» Grand Junior Conductor, at that time Chief
of Division No. 1, and Brother C H. Warren,
Secretary of that division, both members of the
O. R. C This excellent firm has customers on its
books who have bought constantly from it all the
time it has been in business, about eighteen years.
This certainly speaks well for the quality of their
goods and premiums. We are sure our readers will
be exercising good judgment and saving good
money by buying so^s, flavoring extracts, coffees,
teas, etc, from this house.

« « «
Thb Wobkings op tbb Railboam, by Professor
Logan G. McPherson, Johns Hopkins University.
This is a practical, well written book on railway
construction, administration and operation, intended
for the use of every person who desires practical
information on the subject of railway operation.
Henry Holt & Company, New York.

* * *

Cbapfbb, Mo. — Lodge No. 656 is getting close
to the one hundred mark and the year looks very
promising for our organization. Old and young
employes are coming to us for applications, which
is exactly the contrary to what it has been. We
have a nice hall and well attended meetings.

JoHM Rainbt.

* * ♦

East St. Louis, III. — Maine Lodge No. 646 re-
cently initiated a class of thirty-five, secured by
Deputy Grand Master H. A. Adams of Lodge No.

677. After the meeting a banquet was held, at
which several excellent talks were made on the
good work of the Brotherhood.

F. H. Lbntz.

♦ ♦ *

Ibomton, Ohio. — Brother Kilgore, of Lodge No.

678, organized our lodge on January 13th. We
have every eligible man in the lodge and expect to
keep everybody in line in the future who happens
to come our way. We are very well pleased with
our officers and the attendance at our meetings.

AcBNT, Lodge No. 756.

♦ * ♦

SoMBBSBT, Ky. — Lodge No. 422 received a new
contract from its Grievance Committee for a New
Year's present. Our boys are very well satisfied
with it and it is to be hoped that all of them will
get to work to bring in the non-members, who
should belong to our lodge.

F. S. Sbbabbb.

♦ ♦ ♦

FoBT Madison, Iowa.— Lodge No. 610 has all
of its members very busily employed, and a num-
ber of men who formerly could not see anything
good in the B. of R. T. are now coming to us.
The Auxiliary lodge is getting along splendidly.
Everything is promising for the year, and our
members are all enthusiastic in the work for their
lodge. Ed. Woekman.

* * *

Waktbo.— The address of WilUam H. Kerri-
gan and E. Osbom, who were formerly in the em-
ploy of the Suten Island Rapid Transit Co., and
were witnesses to an injury sustained at Cranford

Junction, N. J., on May S4th, 1006. Any in-
formation will be gladly received by N. T. Done-
gan. No. 77 Montgomery Ave., TompkinsviUe,
N. Y.

* • •

PiTTSTOir, Pa.>-A11 of the members of Lodge
No. 180 are interested in behalf of their lodge and
are ready to co-operate with their officers in taking
care of its bosinesB affairs. The lodge is growing
nicely and it is to be hoped that all of our mem-
bers will pay strict attention to having every elig-
ible man on the rolls of the lodge.

Patbick Kbabkbt.

* * *

Mabshall, Tbxas. — Lodge No. 666 is doing very
nicely and looks forward to a very prosperous
year, and an exceptionally large membership on
the T. & P. The majority of our officers are em-
ployed in the yard, and we expect that they will
be able to attend to all of our business more
promptly than if they were otherwise employed. I
hope that all of our members will work together
for the good of the organization.

R. EDMOITDSOir.

* * *
LEGISLATIVE BOARD OF ILLINOIS.

The Legislative Board of Illinois has taken up the
work of securing legislation in that state in a de-
termined manner. The principal bills that it has
agreed to support are:

A Fellow Servant Bill,

A Sixteen Hour Rest Bill,

and
A FuU Crew Bill.

* * «

CoMNXAUT, Obio.— Lodge No. 250 has initia-
tions at every meeting. All of the Nickel Plate
boys are busy, and it is to be hoped that every
member will give his full attention to the work of
the lodge. There is no need for any of our boys
to be on the *'Wood Box" committee to find fault
with what is being done.

We are looking for more money and better work-
ing conditions. All visiting brothers are assured
a hearty welcome if they will come our way.

J. C Flack.

* ♦ ♦

Sak Jose, Cal.— Lodge No. 774 is a lodge com-
posed entirely of yard men, having fifty-four mem-
bers out of a possible sixty-five. All of our mem-
bers are fully alive to their obligations, and are
ready to do everything necessary to advance the
interests of the organization.

We had a little dinner, not long ago, and a num-
ber of prominent members of the lodges on the
Coast were in attendance. Brother Tom Fulton
acted as toastmaster, and we enjoyed a splendid
time. Chas. P. Wiuon.

* * *

McCooK, Nbb.— Lodge No. 487 has ten new
members in sight. Our lodge meetings are very
nicely attended, and we are favored by the attend-
ance of a number of visitors at almost every meet-
ing. This town is maintained by railroad men, and
we ought to have a good Joubkal list, but the most
of them refuse to subscribe. I made a report to
the members of our lodge, and told them which of

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

269

onr business men would not give their support to
tbe organization. I trust that our members will
be equally generous with their merchants.

JouBRAL Agent, Lodge No. 487.

* * *
CIRCULARS.

The JouBMAL calls the attention of its readers to
the fact that various firms use the Directory for
the purpose of getting circulars to the lodges, ad-
vertising their products. We hope that our mem-
bers will pay no attention to circulars of this kind.
It is a cheap way of placing their goods before the
members of this organization by saving the cost of
advertising in the Joubnal. Pay no attention to
circulars of this kind, and it might not be out of
place to advise a few of the senders that circulars
of the kind are useless.

* * *

ASHSVIL1.S, N. C. — We are getting the members
into Lodge No. 603 as fast as they are eligible.
We lose all of the men who are promoted, because
they go to the O. R. C. as soon as they can get to
it, but we have no objections to their going if they
want to.

The difference in conditions since the organiza-
tion has come into this country is very noticeable.
Everything is so much better than it was before.
It b to be hoped that our members will not forget
to attend meetings, and all other affairs in which
the organization is interested. The well attended
meeting is always so much better than the one
that is not W. B. Sobbxll.

* * *

LOST.

The following articles herein mentioned as lost,
if found, will please be returned to the Financier
of the lodge of which the loser is a member:

J. S. Savely, Lodge No. 898, traveling card for
the month of February and receipts for about three
years; receipts from Lodge No. 670 and No. 808.

Frank Nelson, Lodge No. 242, receipts, ten dol-
lars and a meal book on Kinner Hotel, at Free-
port, m.

C. A. Remington, Lodge No. 807, receipt case,
containing receipts, service letters and other be-
longings.

W. D. Hilton, Lodge No. 68, receipt book con-
taining receipu for the past six months; also Feb-
ruary receipt.

R. L. Holser, Lodge No. 682, B. R. T. receipts
from May, 1006, to February, 1907, three meal
tickets, thirty-five dollars in money and two dear-

* * *

Correct Addresses For New
Members.

The officers of the subordinate lodges are re-
quested to be very careful in getting the correct
address of each new member on Form 181.

After the admission of the new member is duly
recorded in the Beneficiary Department, Form 181
then goes to the Joubkal Department, where the
address of the member is taken from it If the
address of each member is correct on Form 181»

it will insure the prompt delivery of the JoxniNAL.
When no address is given, it requires the Joubmal
Department to write to the Financier for the in-
formation, and it is sometimes delayed. In any
event, it causes a decided delay in getting the
JouBMAL to the new member, and usually causes
considerable dissatisfaction.

The attention of the officers is called to this
request, with the hope that it will receive due
consideration.

* * «

Business Subscribers Received For
February

Under this head the Journal will print once
the name, business and business address of each
business firm, or, of each person in business for
himself, or, representing a business firm as its
agent who subscribes for one year. The idea is
to inform our readers who among their businessmen
have subscribed and to recommend to them the
fairness of giving their patronage to those who have
patronized the Journal.

PITCAIRN, PA.

Received from S. N. Brown, Lodge No. 489:

D. C. Feather, Dry Goods and Shoes, Center ave.

Pearce & Jones, Furniture, Broadway.

J. O. Wilson, Dry Goods, Broadway.

A. B. Lear, Barber, Wall avenue.

F. E. Lambie, Milk Depot, 2nd street

Solof's Department Store, General Dry Goods,
Broadway.

Harvey & Cutchall, Gents' Furnishings, Broad-
way.

J. R. Tilbrook, M. D., 8rd street

Low & Dugan, Plumbers, 2nd street.

W. L. Daugherty, Undertaking, Broadway.

Geo. G. Shultz, General Store, Broadway.

T. A. Russell, Undertaking, Broadway.

M. D. Salyards, Hardware, Brinton avenue.

D. F. Salyards, Livery and Feed, Brinton ave.
P. D. Morrison, Meats, 2nd street

STEWART'S STATION.
R. A. McCall, Merchandise.

CRANBROOK, B. C.
Received from C. McDonald, Lodge No. 685:

E. H. Small, Cosmopolitan Hotel.
Beattie & Atchison« Stationers.
Clapp & Rolling, Wentworth Hotel.
S. J. Mighton, Pool and Cigars.
Arnold & Roberts, Insurance.

C. £. Reid 8c Co., Drugs and SUtionery.
Dan McDonald, Manitoba Hotel.
CRESTON, IOWA.
Received from L. E. Shaw, Lodge No. 12:
Frank Pennington, Barber and Cigars.
Craft Qothing Co.

OTTUMWA.
Howard Herr, Manager Ottumwa Telephone Co.
Swenson Bros., Tailors.

WICHITA, KAS.
Received from J. B. Moore« Lodge ^o. 858:
Clint Roland, Shoe Re

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270

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

STANBERRY, MO.
ReceWed from C. L. Wilson* Lodge No. 66S:

F. A. Parker, Club Barber.

S. S. Fredwicl^ Tbe Harness Man.
James MulhoUand, *7im's Cafe."

MACON, GA.
Received from A. B. West, Lodge No. 876:
Rees & Armstrong, Jewelers, 8rd street
Home Savings Bank, Cherry street.
Wood-Peavy Furniture Co., Cherry street

TORONTO JUNCTION, ONT.
Received from T. J. Curran, Lodge No. 266:
John Baird, Real EsUte.

T. J. Sheppard, Clothing and Furnishings, Dun-
das and Medland.

G. W. Curavo« Barber, 88 Dundas, West
Whetter Bros., Butchers, 187 Dundas, West
Padgett Bros., Grocers, 128 Dundas, West
Bank of British North America, Dundas street
J. H. Leflar, Avenue Hotel, 206 Dundas street.

West
Beattie CarUge Co., 16 Medland.

C. F. Wright, Newspaper Agency, 44 Dundas,
West

D. Sanders, Furniture, 10 Dundas, West

E. Butler, Plumber and Gas Fitter, 112 Dun-
das, East.

Wm. Rolph, Harness Dealer, 116 Dundas, East
C. Broad, Grocer, 17 Dundas, East
Henry YeaU, Grocer, 140 Dundas, West
Dr. L. G. Smith, Dentist, Pacific and Dundas.

PONTYPOOL, ONT.
Hill & Williamson, Merchants.
C. Perrin, Merchant.

HAVELOCK, ONT.
J. V. A. Coon, Merchant and Baker.

POCA, W. VA.
Received from W. I. Spafford, Lodge No. 898:
S. F. Counts, Groceries and Notions.
Lawrence B. Walker, General Department Store.
James G. Mathews, Barge Builder.
John C. Dewbel, Up-to-Date Barber.
ILLINOIS.
KEMPTON.
Received from Geo. J. Timms, Lodge No. 700:
Dr. W. G. Ross, Physician and Surgeon.
Chas. Jackson, Barber.
J. A. Kittle, Grocery.

GRAYMONT.
L. B. Slyder, Grain Buyer.

FLANAGAN.
Dr. J. W. Zinn.
G. E. Rohrer, Restaurant and Confectionery.

PONTIAC.
W. E. Herbert, Superintendent of Schools.

CHICAGO, ILL.
Received from J. S. Cusick, Lodge No. 4:
Dr. Don S. Harvey, 0164 Commercial avenue.

GREENVILLE. TEX.
Received from R. G. Meade, Lodge No. 606:
Harry Brown's Pool Hall.

SALEM, ILL.
Received from C. E. Stanford, Lodge No. 676:
Al Fortner, Jeweler and Watch Inspector, C &
E. I. Railway.

BAY CITY, MICH.
Received from C. O. Gunn, Lodge No. 147:
Standacher Bros., 408 N. Henry.
Peter' Hayes, The New Qifton Hotel
L. Burner, Barber, 821 Marquette avenue.

WINDSOR, ONT.
Received from Chas. Veech, Lodge No. 416:
R. Unsorth, Western Hotel.

LONDON, ONT.
J. T. Fortner, Barber, Dundas street
J. H. WeUcey, Grocer, 687 Ontano.
D. T. Kilgottr, Drug Store, 806 Dundas, E.

DETROIT, MICH.
J. Martin, Saloon, 1617 Brush.

LAFAYETTE, LA.
Received from C. E. Hamisch, Lodge No. 817:
L. F. Salles, Manager Gordon HoteL
Chopin & Tousell, Groceries.

BALTIMORE, MD.
Received from H. E. Eaton, Lodge No. 124:
J. W. Cole, Tobacco, 421 N. Calvert
McDonald's Exchange, Restaurant, 1417 Mary-
land.
Mrs. C. W. Street, The Rocks, Harford Co.
Edward Zisset, ResUurant, 402 North.

WELLINGTON, KAS.
Received from W. C. Simmons, Lodge No. 280:
Lamb & Son, Feed Mills.
Garland 6c Knowles, Meat Market
T. C. Mclntire, Barber Shop and Bath Rooms.
French, Hotchcock 6t Son, Furniture.
J. M. Lingenfelter, Sheriff Sumner County.
Geo. H. Crouse, Plumbing, Fitting and Bath
Supplies.
H. T. Smith. Drugs and Wall Paper.
Lenning Furniture Co., Furniture and Stoves.
Jacob Engles, Dry Goods.
G. R. Lohr, Confectionery.
Sayler 6t Meyer, Clothing.
Frambers 6t Brumley, Groceries.
C. W. Cox, Pool and Reading Room.
Glamon Bros., Coal and Ice.
L. E. Barbour, Lumber and Coal.

PAMPA. TEXAS.
Dr. V. E. Brunow, Physician and Surgeon.

EAST LAS VEGAS, N. M.
Received from H. L. Starr, Lodge No. 77:
M. Greenberger, Boston Clothing House.

UTE, IOWA.
Received from A. H. Green, Lodge No. 247:
C. P. Downing, Grain and Live Stock.

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.
Received from M. J. Garvey, Lodge No. 62:
G. T. McCrone, Saloon, 802 Avenue D.
Frank Sommers, Saloon, 406 10th street

BELLVILLE. TEX.
Schanerhammer 6t Roench,
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

271

COVINGTON, KY.

Received from G. A. Morgan, Lodge No. 845:

Henry Staggcnborg, Wines and Liquors^ 1923
Madison avenue.

Jos. Nipper, Wines and Liquors, Twelfth anc^
Spring.

F. M. McDonald, Lumber, Shingles, Sash, Doors«
etc., Sixteenth and Madison.

The BttSJe Brick Co., Building Brick and Flower
Pots, N. E. corner Seventeenth and Madison ave.

A. L. Nordheim, Hardware, etc., 1980 Madison
avenue.

John A. Fisher's Sons, Electrical Contractors and
Hardware, 1046 Madison avenue.

Wm. F. Gillham, Coal and Coke, Tenth and
Washington.

Jos. Brosmore, City Jailer, City Jail.

W. E. Gunn, City Engineer, City Hall.

Frank Drogie, City Clerk, 1520 Greenup.

H. Klosterman, Cafe, 149 W. Seventh.

Wm. Krantz, Cafe, Pike and Russell.

John Lemker, Saloon, Sixteenth and Madison.
CINCINNATI, OHIO.

W. H. Hind, Furniture and Carpets, 210 W.
Fifth.

TUCSON, ARIZ.

Received from F. B. Hurlbut, Lodge No. 460:

R. C. Sandel, Skating Rink.

Dr. R. A. Aiton, 108 N. Stone avenue.

Reilly Undertaking Establishment.

Tucson Lumber Co.

Gardiner, Worthen & Goss.

F. Rotistadt & Co.

Dr. Alex Gould.

Zellner Piano Co.

Estil, Winson, Skinner & Co.

Boyd & Thresher, 148 McCormick.

Congress Hall Cafe.

San Augustine Hotel.

Dr. Crupin.

C. F. Slack, Mayor.

The Pilsener, 109 Ninth.

Pionev* Auto Co.

R. D. Wooddell, Oub Stables.

Branmen & Hanney, Clothing and Furnishers.
ALAMOSA, COLO.

Received from W. E. Hawkins, Lodge No. 401:

Myron Wilkins, Feed and Livery Subles.
MEDFORD. OKLA.

Received from W. L. McPherron, Lodge No. 92:

Paul Schwarti, Schwartz Hotel.
BROOKFIELD, MO.

Received from C. E. Marseilles, Lodge No. 19:

Dr. C V. Sidener, Dentist.

C. Clarkson, Meat Market
Gus Tooey, Groceries.

Nicholas Catechakis, Brookfield Candy Kitchen.

D. F. Howard, Physician.

L. W. Rummell, Gents* Clothing.
C. C. Armstrong, Meat Market.

JACKSON, MICH.
Received from L. W, Swick, Lodge No. 121:
J. Maker & Co., Meat and Groceries, 1802 E.
Main.
C M. Smith, Groceries, 1814 E. Main.

i-1

Dewey Drug Co., 117 S. Mechanic.

C. L. Babcock, Meat Market, 1404 £. Main.

W. J. Carveth. Bar, 1199 E. Main.

J. H. Devine, Grocer, 218 Deyo.

Wm. Whalen, Grocer, 715 E. Main.

WATERTOWN, N. Y.
Received from Wm. Snodgrass, Lodge No. 480:
The Empire Shoe Co.

MILWAUKEE, WIS.

Received from J. J. Zuest. Lodge No. 128:

Geo. Garens & Co., Gents' Furnishings, 2812
North avenue.

Fond du Lac Avenue Fuel Co., 8308 Fond du
Lac avenue.

F. Wendt, Grain Elevator, Thirtieth and North
avenue.

ALLENTOWN, PA.
Received from F. A. Michael, Lodge No. 846:
Dr. R. E. Albright, 185 S. Fifth.

CALDWELL, KANS.
Received from W. L. McPherron, Lodge No. 92:
J. H. McCanna, Jenkins Hotel and Cafe.

ROSEBURG, ORE.
Received from C. C. Nielson, Lodge No. 814:
H. O. Wilkinson, Model Cafe.

ASHEVILLE, N. C.
Received from W. B. Sorrell, Lodge No. 503:
Asheville Steam Laundry. 44 West College.
Knight Littrell Co.
Piedmont El. Co.« Box 488.
Arthur M. Field Co.
Noland, Brown & Co., 16 Church.
Whitlock, Clothing House, 41 Patton avenue.
Hotel Burkeley.
Nichols Shoe Co.
Mustin-Robertson Co.
Asheville Grocery Co.
John Ward, Crescent Saloon.
Marstetter & Co.

Mountain City Steam Laundry, 80 N. Lexington
avenue.
McConnell Bros.
The Gazette-News.

Singer Sewing Machine Co., 6 Pack Square.
Baird & Baird, 270 Patton avenue.
Hyatt Ik Felmet Co., 84 Roberts.
J. R. Tredaway Co., 2 Roberts.
Asheville Milling Co.
Burton & Holt, Patton avenue.
The Thompson- Brannon Co., 52 Patton avenue.
Ward & Clavens, Patton avenue.
Carrie N. Brown, Laundry.
Brown-Miller Shoe Co., 47 Patton avenue.
Grein Bros., 45 Patton avenue.
Wachovia Loan & Trust Co.
The Battery Park Bank.
H. Redwood & Co., 7 and 9 Patton avenue.
The Blue Ridge National Bank, Pack Square.
The Guarantee Shoe Co., 4 S. Main.
O. E. Stone Oothing Co., 26 and 28 S. Main.
Asheville Hardware Co.
Boston Shoe Store.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

CHADRON, NEB.
Received from Geo. P. Scott, Lodge No. 100:
Hayward Shoe G>.
G. P. Washburn, Jeweler.
U. F. Maika, DrtiggUt.

OHIO.
ASHTABULA.
Received from R. M. Lomax, Lodge No. 84:
John Kirk, Barber Shop, 56 Depot.
Sperro Papageorge, Erie Sugar Bowl, Main st.

E. V. Cole, Health and Accident Insurance and
Real EsUte, Picking Block, Main street.

Dr. G. S. Nazar, Osteopath, 187} Main.
C. R. Canfield, Druggist, 211 Main.
Dr. A. C. Peebles, Dentist, 171} Main.
Dr. C. A. Thatcher, Dentist, 180} Main.
Albert Henry, Fire Insurance, 212 Main.
O. L. Burpee, Life Insurance, 222 Main.

LOWELLVILLE.
W. J. Lomax; General Merchandise.
GRAND ISLAND, NEB.
Received from G. H. White, Lodge No. 184:
H. P. Hansen, the Grocer, 220 E. 4th.

F. L Olscn, Groceries. 201 E. 4th.
Palace Livery and Hack Barn, 210 E. 8rd.
Dr. H. D. Boyden, corner 8rd and Pine.
N. I. Augustine, Barber, 110 E. 8rd.
Singer Sewing Machine Co., 110 E. 8rd.

G. J. Baumann, Photographer, 105 E. 8rd.
Puritan Barber Shop, 110 N. Pine.

The Onyx Saloon, Chas. Pieper, Proprietor, 112
N. Piae.

Fred Hald, Commercial Printer, Pine street

PuriUn Cigar Co., 106 W. 8rd.

Southman & Schleicher, Saloon, 128 E. 8rd.

The Hart Gun Co., 108 E. 8rd.

Christ Ronnfeldt, Saloon, 107 E. 8rd.

Robert Haldeman, Livery and Feed Suble,
E. Front.

Grand Island Electric Co., 217 N. Pine.

J. J. Klinge, Saloon, 214 W. 8rd.

M. Renick, Confectionery, Cigars, etc., 118 No.
Locust.

Vienna Restaurant, H. Schuff, Proprietor, 110
N. Locust.

Klinge & Fossgreen, Ice Cream Parlor, 121 S.
Locust.

Little Shop, Big Biz, C. Hayes, Proprietor, 112}
S. Locust.

Nebraska Telephone Co., 8rd and Locust

Dill & Houston, Real EsUte, 117 W. Srd.

Grand Island Book and Music Store, 104 W.
8rd.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Received from J. M. Lentz, Lodge No. 187:
ALLENTOWN, PA.

Dr. G. A. Flexer, Dentist, 787 Hamilton.

Allentown Drug & Manufacturing Co., 818
Hamilton.

Zellner Bros., Tobacconists, 521 Hamilton.

Hartman 8c Lanshe, Pianos and Organs, 527
Hamilton.

Schubert Music House, 81 N. 6th.

H. E. Gcor^f Cigar Manufacturer.

J. F. Horn & Bros., Florists, 20 N. 6th.
Lehigh Electric Co., 18 N. 6th.
Grand Union Tea Co., 688 Hamilton.
J. J. Hauaer 8t Co., Boots and Shoes, 641 Ham-
ilton.

Gehringer Bros., Cafe, 588 Hamilton.
Troxell & Uhler, Astoria Hotel, 19 N. 7th.
H. C. Desh, Cafe, 87 N. 7th.

E. Keller 8t Sons, Jewelers.

HUMMELSTOWN.
J. N. Kilmer, Jeweler.

F. J. Albert, Baker.

S. B. Zearfoss, Plumber.
Nye 8t Conrad, Hardware.
T. D. Blessing, General Store.

F. T. Muth, Optician.

E. Z. Etter, General Store.
Dr. Nile Christ, Dentist

A. D. Hoover, Cafe and Restaurant

CARLISLE.
Franklin Tea Co.

G. W. Rinesmith 8t Son, Stoves.

C. B. Wagner, Boots and Shoes.

ST. CLAIR.
Israel Livear, Clothing.
The Schuylkill Supply Co.
Geo. Fame, General Store.
At Rockman, Watches and Jewelry.
Mrs. Gorman, Boots and Shoes.
W. B. Lewis, General Merchandise.
AUBURN.

F. L. Brown, Druggist

POTTSVILLE.

G. W. Brower, Baker.

B. F. Gcist Jeweler and Watch Maker.
W. F. Scheerer, Tailor.

L. C. Thompson, Hardware.

Fitch Sh.-afer, Oothier.

Bright 8c Co., Mine Supplies.

Safe Deposit Bank.

John Mootz, General Store.

H. Mallen 8c Son, Tailors.

W. J. Leifeld, Cafe.

John Raring, Shoes.

R. T. Coogan, Hatter and Furnisher.

W. Peififer, Cigars and Tobacco.

R. C. Green & Son, Jewelers.

Rishel 8c Crosby, General Store.

F. X. Schram, Cafe.

Curry Bros., Watch Makers.
Philadelphia DenUl Rooms.
TAMAQUA.
Krell'i Shoe Store.
Fleck Bros., Qothiers and Tailors.
Comptoa 8c Butler, Clothiers and Furnishers.
W. A. Peters 8c Co., Dry Goods.
W. Bischoif, Furniture and Undertaker.
John F. McGinity, Brewer.

D. Bensinger, Wall Paper, Books, etc
Lutz 8c Scherer, General Store.

G. A. Halfeker, Dry Goods.
S. Livingstone, Big Store.
Seligman & Co.

F. J. Scheid, Dry Goods.

£. De Frehn, Cigars and Tobacco.

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C A. Haas, Dry Goods and Grocery.

The Great Five and Ten Cent Store.

John McPherson, Watch Inspector, Lehigh Val-
ley R. R.

Ruttenherg Bros., Ladies* and Gents' Furnish-
ers.

J. E. Kelley, Cigars, Tobacco and Groceries.

E. C. Griffith, Undertaker and Embalmer.

The Arcade Notions and household Goods.
SHAMOKIN.

W. E. Stouffer. Jeweler.

SCHUYLKILL HAVEN.

Chas. Keller, Merchant.

D. M. Wagner, Undertaker.
W. J. Downs, Druggist

E. F. Eiler, Musical Instructor.
Doutrich & Co., Clothiers.

P. F. Hoy, Grocery.

Beddall & SUrr, Hardware.

M. Bowman, Dry Goods. *

J. A. Hess, Barber.

H. J. Dohner, Boots and Shoes.

J. D. Mellon, Cafe.

B. Crossley, General Store.

S. Buchler, Cafe.

WARREN.
S. E. Allen, Boots and Shoes.

SALAMANCA, N. Y.
A. L. Babcock Co., General Merchandise.
E. F. Norton, Jeweler and Inspector.
J. B. Swan, Cigars and News Stand.
Dr. Forbes, Dentist.
A. Sanders, Meat Market.
Tony Maroney, Clothier.
S. S. Banton, Grocer.
J. A. Andrews & Son, Hardware.
Fomess Bros., Pianos and Sewing Machines.
Schulz Bros., Tailors.
A. Glasser, Cafe.
A. D. Bedell, Manufacturer of Cigars and To-

DETROIT, MICH.

Received from R. E. Morgan, Lodge No. 686:

C. R. Vezima, General Groceries, 185 St. Aubin
avenue.

A. Turner & Son, Coal Dealers, 500 Monroe
avenue.

Marts & Michels, Cafe, 688 Gratiot avenue.

P. Koenig, Coal Co., 458 Gratiot avenue.

A. McColgan Coal Co., 181 St. Joseph.

Standard Oil Co., 847 Leland.

A. Fensterwald, Clothing House, 67 Monroe
avenue.

Geist & Son, UnderUkers, 290 Randolph.

Dr. B. P. Brodie, 408 Washington Arcade.
PARKERSBURG, W. VA.

Received from H. R. Vance, Lodge No. 855:

Bryan & Speece, Men's Furnishers, 609 Market.

W. H. Fitch & Co., Standard Grocery, 617
Market

Central Banking & Security Co., 615 Market

Perkins Grocery Co., Market street.

C. C. Camden ft Co*f Gas and Electric Suppljf?,
7U Mftrket.

O. J. Stout, The Druggist, 600 Market

Morris Shoe Store, 512 Market.

Carney & Mullen, Furniture Store. 510 Market

Feldner's Transfer Co., 8th and Avery streets.

C. H. Turner Co., Plumbers, Gas and Steam
Fitters, 808 Julian.

R. Wild, Bakery and Confectionery, 115 Ann.

John Walker, Lunch Room, 207 Ann.

West Virginia Real Estate Co., second floor
Union Trust Building.

J. A. Bee, Proprietor, Parkersburg Furniture
Co., 101 8rd.

W. H. Smith, Hardware Co., 110 8rd.

N. Logan & Son, Meat Market, 720 7th.

J. Laskey, Dry Goods Store, 815 Market

People's Credit Clothing Co., 711 Market

Kerr's Studio, Photographer, corner 7th and
Market.

Parkersburg Brewing Co., 670 7th street.

WOODWARD, OKLA.
Received from W. C. Simmons, Lodge No. 280:
John J. Gerlach, The Gerlach Bank, and Gen-
eral Merchandise.

CHICAGO, ILL.
John W. Gray, South and West Land Co., 954
Monadnock Building.

JOLIED, ILL.
Received from F. T. Hartman, Lodge No. 474:
Henry Leach & Son, Lumber and Coal, Maple
street, near Jackson.

Gott* & McCarthy, Buffet, 217 No. Chicago.
Anderson & Wallach, Gents' Furnishings, N.
Chicago street.

PITTSBURG. PA.

Received from W. H. Sutch. Lodge No. 225:

Geo. J. Henninger, Boots and Shoes, 8428 But-
ler.

Geo. Bich, Hotel and Bar. Penn avenue.
MINNESOTA.

Received from W. L. Gatrell, Lodge No. 889:
TWO HARBORS.

J. P. Paulson, County Auditor.

Thos, Martin, City Treasurer.
DULUTH.

Columbia Clothing Co.

French & Bassett, House Furnishers.

Suffel & Co., Shoes.

J. Grusen, Druggist.

COLUMBUS. OHIO.

Received from H. F. Marsh. Lodge, No. 628:

G. F. Scholl, Nelson Shoe Co., 7 N. High.

F. G. A. Howald, Furniture and Carpets, 48-50
N. High.

C. E. Gallagher. Tailoring and Watches. 20 E.
Gay.

Famous Clothing Co., 21 E. Gay.

J. B. Hendley. Grocery and Meat. 276 E. Long.

Columbus Drug Co.. 786 E. Long.

Kinnison & Freshour, Barbers, 744 E. Long.

Whitney Strait, Hardware and Tin. 510 N. 20th,

T. J. Little, Bakery and Confectionery, 96? Mt,
Vernon avenue.

G, H. Bay, Califoroi» Win? Co., E

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

AKRON, OHIO.
Received from Otto StoIU Lodge No. 482:
Hancock & Ritchie, Feed Store, 44 W. Ex-
change.

Chas. E. Coffman, Coal Dealer, 45 W. Ex-
change.

Moeller & Novatny, Merchant Tailors, 270 S.
Main.

CHICAGO, ILL.
Received from P. W. Hennessy, Lodge No. 760:
Dr. F. T. Murphy, corner Lake and 40th ave.

SIOUX CITY, IOWA.
Received from A. H. Green, Lodge No. 247:
£. W. Clothing Co., corner 4th and Jackson.

McCOOK, NEB.
Received from G. F. Kinghorn, Lodge No. 487:
M. B. Finity, Tea and Coffee.
De Goff & Co., General Merchandise.
Chas. Custer, Barber.
W. C. Bullard, Lumber and Coal.

PERRY, IOWA.
Received from H. Thompson, Lodge No. 86:
Fred Ling, Stewart House.

SHAMOKIN, PA.
Received from H. H. Reese, Lodge No. 541:
Thos. Maher, Wholesale Liquor Store, 30 S.
Market

C. L. Sowers, Dry Goods and Groceries, Mar-
ket and Chestnut.

SOUTH OMAHA, NEB. .
Received from J. J. Gannon, Lodge No. 504:
H. Guthrie, Meat Market. 1222 N. 24th.

E. Hanson, Cafe, 341 N. 24th.
Theo. Voir, Tailor, 423 N. 24th.

F. Sandwall, Jeweler, 726 N. 18th.
Omaha Cooperage Co., 36th and I.
Geo. Briggs, Plumber, 823 N. 24th.

E. V. Lorig. Loan Office, 2408 N.

C. A. Melcher, Druggist, 23rd and F.

DAUPHIN, MAN.
Received from J. F. Malloy, Lodge No. 748:
T. N. Lloyd, C. N. R. Hotel.
W. T. Greenside, Gents* Furnishings.
W. H. Morrison, Druggist.
J. A. Reid, Flour, Feed and Livery.
R. F. Mills, Grocery and Crockery.
R. Smith, Harness, Trunks and Valises.
T. T. Malcolm, Druggist.
H. M. Park, Watchmaker and Jeweler.
A. Buie, King's Hotel.
R. J. Malcolm, Hardware.

ALTOONA. PA.
Received from W. C. Giarth, Lodge No. 174:
Rudisill Bros., Jewelers, 1310 Eleventh aventie.
Altoona Brewing Co.

Received from J. W. Helman, Lodge No. 174:
C. S. Bickel, Barber, 1611 Eleventh avenue.

F. Bendheim, Gents* Furnishings, 1801 Eleventh
avenue.

Debarber Bros., Candies and Fruits, 1112 Elev-
enth avenue.

J. P. Lafiferty, Funeral Director, 1010 Chestnut
avenue.

Dr. C. E. Hart, Dentist, Hutchison Building.

C. T. Miller, White HaU Hotel.

One Price Clothing Co.

L. C. Keller, Aldine Hotel.

J. Haller, Eagle Bakery, 1208 Fifth avenue.

C. P. Reading, Tailor, 1314 Eleventh avenue.

Goodman & Levine, Clothing and Shoes, 16o3
Eleventh avenue.

H. A. Hamel, Pool, Cigars and Tobacco, 1613
Eleventh avenue.

Rudisill Bros., Jewelers, 1310 Eleventh avenue.
EL PASO, TEX.

Received from L. W. Mullen, Lodge No. 80:

Popular Dry Goods Co., S. El Paso.

Suscn Jewelry Co., S. El Paso.

Cannon's Dry Goods Co., S. El Paso.

H. P. Jackson Grocery Co., S. El Paso.

Hixon Jewelry Co., San Antonio.

Snyder Jewelry Co., San Antonio.

Warck Pharmacy, San Antonio.

Jackson & Lea, Attorneys, El Paso Trust Bldg.
KAMLOOPS, B. C.

Received from C. Anderson, Lodge No. 619:

F. E. Burns, Gents' Furnishings.

J. H. Clement, Druggist.

J. A. Scott, Barber.

W. J. Kerr. Jeweler.

J. Beaton, General Merchandise.

Ramsey & Phillips, General Merchandise.

A. La Pointe< Hotel Keeper.

J. O'Brien, Cafe.

L. T. Blair, Gents* Furnishings.

F. Rushton, Gunsmith.
Bank of Hamilton.

J. G. Noble, ResUurant.

J. Wilson. Tailor.

W. M. Campbell, Jeweler.

G. D. Brown, Barber.

Stevens & Allan, Groceries and Provisions.

Smith Bro8.« Book Store.

Dr. Burris, C. P. R. Surgeon.

SUMMERLAND, B. C
C. S. Stevens, Telephones.

NORTH BEND, B. C.
W. Carse, Hotel.
J. Turner, Coal.
S. Henderson, M. P. P.
J. Lyons, Storekeeper. ^

NEBRASKA.
Received from C. F. Hull, Lodge No. 184:

GRAND ISLAND.
Decatur & Beigle, Boots and Shoes.
Henry Shuff, Vienna Restaurant.

NORTH PLATTE.
Otto Weil, Restaurant and Cafe.

BUFFALO, N. Y.
Received from A. B. Harkins, Lodge No. 187:
F. G. Hochn, Hotel, 24 Court.
J. Dimmers, Cigars, Tobacco and Stationery, 167
Swan.
F. Havermond, Jeweler, 64 and 66 Seneca.

PARSONS. KANS.
Received from J. E. Ludwig, Lodge No. 870:
Wm. Sullivan, Druggist, 2128 Jilain. j

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.RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

275

LANCASTER, OHIO.
Received from T. Pemberton« Lodge No. 76:
£. Bletzackcr, Furniture and Undertaker, 624 N.
Brand.
A. Wittekind, Clothier, S. Maple.

SALIDA, COLO.
Received from W. Henry Curtis, Lodge No.
81:
J. B. Stevens, U. S. Barber Shop, First.
W. H. Van Orman, Salida Transfer Co.
W. D. Hatfield, Manager Crews-Boggs Mer-
cantile Co.

Salida Lumber Co.

J. W. Lodge, Salida Livery Co.

E. H. Arenburg, Horseshoer.

Custer & Co., Canon City Coal Yard.

Salida Fuel Co.

E. E. Calvert, Joe Gideon Rye.

Louis Costello, Agent Lemp*s Beer.

REVELSTOKE, B. C.
Received from T. E. Root, Lodge No. 51:
Reo Cigar Store.

SALMON ARM, B. C.
Waterson te Lawrence.

TEXAS.
SAN ANTONIO.
Received from J. Appleby, Lodge No. 869:
C. H. Skidmore, Real Estate, 203^ E. Houston.
H. Garrison. I. & G. N. Lunch Counter.

ENCINAL.
A. Campbell, Stockman.

ROUND ROCK.
William Walsh, Proprietor Lime Kiln.

AUSTIN.
E. Riddles, Cafe, 228 Congress avenue.

LOS ANGELES, CAL.
Received from Tim O'Brien, Lodge No. 74:
E. Bodecker, Saloon, 1462 San Fernando.
J. B. Paul, Undertaker, 2081 Downey avenue.
J. F. Haller, Barber, 1454 San Fernando.

YUMA, ARIZ.
Hodges Bros., S. P. Hotel.
C. Gilroy, Saloon.
Alexander & Co., Grocers.

E. A. Ingram^ Stag Saloon.
C. V. Meeden, Gem Saloon.
Yuma Drug Store.
Ketcbersides Drug Store.
Johnson & Brooks, Hardware.

F. Kelso, Arizona Oub Saloon.

W. H. Shorey, South Western News Co.

P. Monettl, Saloozu

Lee Monroe & Co., Old PlanUtion Saloon.

ALTOONA, PA.
Received from W. C. Giarth, Lodge No. 174:
Leopold & Bigley, 1123 Eleventh avenue.

BALTIMORE, MD.
Received from A. M. WilKams. Lodge No. 458:
J. B. Meyer, Clothing and Gents* Furnishings,
Charles and Cross streets.

Henry Wessell, Department Store, 1000 S.
Charles.

Robt. Cherry, Wines and Liquors, 1021 S.
Charles.

M. C. Hecht, Furniture and Carpets, 988 S.
Charles.

T. E. Lowe, Hardware, Paints, Oils and Glass,
402 E. Fort avenue.

A. Lapin, Head to Foot Outfitters, Light and
Fort avenue.

E. Matusky, Jeweler and Optician, 1127 Light.

J. Haas, Merchant Tailor, 1084 Light.

A. C. Granis, Unique Shaving Parlor, 500 E.
Fort avenue.

A. S. Day, Photographer, 1119 Light.

TEXARKANA, TEX.
Received from H. E. Prior, Lodge No. 248:
H. J. Hack, Barber Shop and Bath Rooms,
Basement State National Bank Building.

WEST FRANKFORT. ILL.
Received from D. S. Doty, Lodge No. 676:
S. S. Whittington, Capital Bar, E. Main.

MINNESOTA.
NORWOOD.
Received from C. W. Straub, Lodge No. 612:
Ed. Bauermeister, Reliance Elevator Co.

PLATO.
J. H. Reiger, Plato Milling Co.

GLENCOE.
A. Peters, Corner Restaurant
Hatton & Pulrabels, Wines and Liquors.
John Skarolid, Ideal Restaurant.

GRANITE FALLS.
J. K. Nellermore, Mclntyre & Ingall Elevator
Co.

WEGDAHL.

E. J. Erickson, Myers Warehouse and Produce
Co.

MONTEVIDEO.
Terry Woods, The Grill Restaurant
Ole Skramsud, Wines and Liquors.

BIRD ISLAND.
Interior Lumber Co.
Ed. Reinhardt, Reinhardt's Elevators.
J. E. Esson, Farmers* Elevator.

F. A. Baarch, The Bird Island Rolling Mills.

HECTOR.
A. B. Anderson, McGregor Bros. & Co., Lum-
ber and FueL

Martin Fossland, Thompson & Fossland, City
Dray Line.
John Hokanson, Hector Elevator Co.
Barry Bros. Milling Co.
S. Treanor, Columbia Elevator Co.

BUFFALO LAKE.
Steams Lumber Co.

COLOGNE.
Mohrbacher Bros., Wines and Liquors.
Henry Klepperich, Palace Cafe.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

NEW YORK.
ALBANY.
Received from Wm. Borlcr, Lodge No. 6«5:
Mrs. Groelz, Cafe, 108 Fourth avenue.
R. Heimburg, Paints, 98 Broad.
F. A. Danker, Florist, 784 Central avenue.
F. h. SiU Co., Coal. 40 Grand.
The Doian Co., Clothing. S. Pearl and Beaver.

E. T. Dunn, Tailor. 16 Steuben.

Bedell. Corscaden & Youngs, Clothiers, Maiden
Lane and James street.

PETERSBURG.

C. D. Hakes, Shoes.

KINGSTON.
A. H. Cook, Hotel Ulster, Broadway and Rail-
road avenue.

A. M. Roos, Hotel Elk, Broadway.
Geo. Schryber, Railroad ResUurant.

CATSKILL.
Wm. Kortz, Furniture, 124 William.
Frank Hasselman. Cafe, 887 Main.

D. Desantis, Barber, 48 Bridge.
Geo. Lee. Cafe, Bridge and Water.
W. M. Smith, Smith House.
Peter Welsh, Shoes, 871 Main.
Mr. Saulpaugh, Saulpaugh House.

F. E. Ryan. West Catskill HoteL

BRANDON, MAN.
Received from Thos. Hanwell. Lodge No. 894:
D. A. Reesor, Official Time Inspector C. P. R.
& C. N. R.

BUCYRUS, OHIO.
Received from M. R. Haines, Lodge No. 59:
C. L. Quaintance, Grocer, 435 W. Warren.

CHICKASHA, L T.
Received from Chester Reniff, Lodge No. 532:
W. A. Sharry, Grocer, 1011 2nd.
J. L. Oline, Genuine Indian Curio Store.
R. Ench, Farmer.

GRACEMONT. OKLA.

B. J. Heckman, Wines and Cigars.

HOBART, OKLA.
R. P. Warwick, Cotton Dealer.
R. Brigman, Bus, Baggage and Transfer.

ALDEN, OKLA.
L. E. Pmet, Farmer.

OKLAHOMA CITY.
Dr. F. W. Brewer, Bureau Stock Inspector, 21
W. 5th.

STOKES.
J. H. Blundell, Farmer.

FORT COBB.
R. E. Tindall, Wines and Cigars.

SAN JOSE, CAL.
Received from W. J. Parrish, Lodge No. 744:
Springs Store, Sta. Clara and Market.
Trinkler & Dohrmand, 165 S. First.
Conkling Grocery Co., 195 S. First.
P. Ford. Oakland House.
Millard Bros., 27 W. Sta. Clara.

Carmichel & Ballaris, 55-59 S. First

Hoflf & Kayser, 95 S. First.

Red Front Store, 133 S. First.

Kamber & Hayes Co., 179 S. First

J. H. Levy & Co., 96 S, First

L. O'Neil, Attorney.

E. Pezzalo, Eureka HoteL

Mint Saloon, 12 S. Market

E. E. Simpson, Telescope Hotel.

Brown & Kent, Alameda Palace.

G. Diefenbacher, St. James Barber Shop.

Palm Saloon, 103 N. First.

Geo. Kocber Sons, 74 W. St John.

Rea & Bolwin, Cafe, 28 W. Sta. Qara.

City Store, Market and Post

L. Hart Ik Son Co., Market and Sta. Clara.

King & Wood. Room 7, Auzerais Building.

Overland Restaurant 29-31 N. First.

Ideal Tea Co., 17-19 E. Sta. Clara.

Phil Herold Shoe Co.

E. O. Dossee, San Jose Brick Co.
Eagle Brewery.

Mangrum & Otter, 78 E. Sta. Clara.
San Jose Water Co.. «74 W. Sta. Clara.

GLENN'S FERRY, IDA.
Received from Mrs. C. R. Taylor, L. A. No.
875:

W. F. Orr, General Merchandise.

C. I. Baugh. Drug Store.

D. W. Garby, Liquor Dealer.

MONTREAL, QUE.

Received from Self:

N. S. Dunlop, Insurance Commissioner, Room
8. Windsor Sta.

BARABOO, WIS.

Received from M. E. Pierce, Lodge No. 177:

Spangenberg Bros., Barber Shop, 114 Ash.

O. Alpeter, Bottling Works, 282 Maple.

Hood Bros., Editors "Baraboo Republic."

C. H. Evenson, Drugs, 309 Fourth avenue.

J. W. Davis, Coal and Wood, 918 Ash.

S. Goldfarb, Fruit and Confectionery, 416 Oak.

Dr. D. M. Kelly, 508 Oak.

Buckley & Taylor, Book and Paper Store, 612
Oak.

Fisher Bros., Druggists, 516 Oak.

J. E. Buckley, City Marshal.

The News.

Ed. L. Luckow. The Democrat.

Curry «c Burt, Gents' Furnishings, 412 Oak.

C. F. Kindschi. General Merchandise, 420 Oak.

W. J. Power, Merchant Tailor. 410 Oak.

L. J. Horstman. Meat Market. 118 Third.

F. A. Tschumpert, Wines and Liquors, 111
Fourth.

Emil Piatt Wines and Liquors, 188 Third.
' F. C. Peck, Dry Goods.
H. K. Dillenbeck, Cigar Store.
M. H. Mould, First National Bank.
P. McDonald, Cafe.
F. M. Stewart Lumber.
Ruhland Brewing Co.
A. H. Pratt Hardware.
A. E. Wilkinson. Livery. 515 Broadway.
Lueth Bros., The Wellington.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

277

M. J. Pierce. Gem City Laundry.
Lindahl & GusUveson, Jewelers^
J. Van Orden, Bank of Baraboo.
Lee & Readke, Hardware.
L. M. Jacobs, Barber Shop, 111 Third.
J. Briggs, Flour and Feed.
A. W. Steinke, Gem City Bottling Co., 100
Walnut
A. Gust & Son« Butchers.

D. J. Taylor, Riverside Livery, 104 Ash.'
Fillhouer & Staten, The Dizzy, 108 Third.
Carl Zimmerly, Cafe, 112 Ash.

H. Kasiska, Merchant Tailor.

R. B. Griggs, Clothing.

Weirick Bros., Meat Market, 407 Oak.

Howe & Schey, BooU and Shoes, 100 Walnut.

Mrs. F. Bender, Wines and Liquors, 185 Wal-
nut.

G. A. Briggs, Fur Store.

J. Schneller, Boots and Shoes, 182 Third.

Wm. Schneller, Meat Market, 144 Third.

C H. Beaver, Cigar Store and ResUurant, 118
Walnut.

J. P. Spreecker, General Merchandise, 148
Third.

W. £. Barringer, Comer Drug Store.

Dr. J. D. Beech, 820 Ash.

Dr. H. R. Bell, 686 Oak.

M. H. Powers, Wines and Liquors, 119 Oak.

E. G. Marriott Shoe Co.

TUCSON. ARIZ.
Received from F. B. Hurlbut, Lodge No. 460:
Rossi & Rolleti« Congress and Stone avenue.
Bail & Hinnman« N. Stone avenue.
Eagle Milling Co.
Tucson Ice and Cold Storage Co.
Henry Till Co.
Lee, Drachman & Pryce.
McNeil 8t O'Keefe, El Moro Saloon.
Union Meat Market
Douole Stamp Saloon.
Consolidated National Bank.
W. A. Julian 8t Co.
Tucson Transfer Co.
Tucson Stable, Sixth and Congress.

MARICOPA.

F. J. McCarthy, Hotel Edwards.

POTTSTOWN, PA.
Received from S. C. Forges. Lodge No. 666:
J. M. Christman, Groceries, 80 S. Evans.

DULUTH. MINN.

Received from Chas. Foster, Lodge No. 669:

O. L. Stromie, Grocer, 824 20th avenue, W.

Moir & Walker, Grocers, 2017 W. Superior.

Wennerlund & Nelson, Jewelers, 1926 W. Su-
perior.

J. W. Johnson, Flour, Feed and Hay, 121 S.
«Oth avenue, W.

W. A. Pond, Fuel Co., Wood and CoaL
MEMPHIS. TENN.

Received from Self:

W. A. Percy, Attorney. 706 Memphis Trust
Building.

SACRAMENTO. CAL.
Received from J. C. Anderson, Lodge No. 840:
S. Stunner, Jeweler, 602 K.
W. Trust, Confectioner, 728 K.

JONESBORO, ARK.
Received from W. H. McGraw. Lodge No. 858:
Chris. J. Deiner, Meat Market, Main.
Elder 8t Stephens, Oothing.

NEWARK, OHIO.
Received from C. H. Gaither, Lodge No. 169:
Mrs. J. L. Miller, Florist and Grocery. 12
N. 2nd.

CHICAGO, ILL.
Received from C. H. Everly, Lodge No. 424:
H. H. Vaupell, Physician and Surgeon, 1288
W. Lake.

YOAKUM, TEXAS.
Received from R. B. Jones, Lodge No. 899:
C. H. George, Plumber.

E. Herder, Groceries and Hardware. |

J. A. Graves 8t Co., Dry Goods.
A. J. Ross, Real Estate. ^

H. C. Koch 8t Co., Men's Outfitters.
A. H. Miller, Saddlery.
Gus Rim & Co., Furniture.
R. Vick, Hardware.
Yoakum Ice Co.

PITTSBURG, PA.

Received from W. H. Sutch, Lodge No. 926:

Jas. R. Craighill, Heavy and Light Hauling,
Liberty avenue and Twenty-fifth.

John Ivill, Manager Pittsburg and Buffalo Coal
and Coke Co., Liberty avenue and Twenty-ninth.

M. Fereday, Hotel and Bar, comer Thirty-
eighth and Butler.

E. A. McCabe & Son, Undertakers and Livery
Stable, 8620 Butler.

WATERTOWN, N. Y.

Received from Wm. Snodgrass, Lodge No. 480:

Muldoon Bros., Manufacturers Bedding Sup-
plies, 58 Factory.

C. A. Fuller, Saloon, 6 Mechanic.

J. E. Snodgrass. Moulder, 46 W. Prospect.

J. T. Griffin, Paper Maker, 168 Main.
NIAGARA FALLS, N. Y.

Received from W. P. Crotty. Lodge No. 639:

Charles Watkins, Hotel Lipton, 218 Main.

Matt Walsh, Hatter and Genu* Furnisher, 219
Falls.

John H. Bingenheimer, Coal and Wood, corner
Grove and Main.

Valentine Neidhart, Neidhart ResUurant, 218
Falls.

BUFFALO. N. Y.

Received from A. A. Van Houten, Lodge No.
187:

Dr. C. T. Wolsey, 66 Niagara.

J. E. Stall, Grocer. 185 Potomac avenue.

Wm. Schreiber. Meat Market, 188 Potomac ave.
SYRACUSE, N. Y.

J. Dold, Packing House.

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278

RAILROAD TRAINMEN^S JOURNAL

GOODLAND, KAS.
Received from S. E. Marts, Lodge No. 107:
H. J. Rowe, Jeweler.
Arensburg & Cullen, Druggists.
Kretizer & McCants, Groceries.
Goodland Clothing Co.
G. L. Calvert. Attorney.

' CALGARY, ALBERTA.

Received from W. E. Evans, Lodge No. 668:

J. A. Palmer, Boots and Shoes.

L. H. Doll. Jeweler.

Murdoch, Groceries.

P. J. Nolan, Advocate.

R. J. Stuart, Manager Sun Life Insurance for
Alberta.

H. M. Vincent, Semi-Ready Gothing.

Hadfield 6t Gibson, Real EsUte, Ramsay Block.

Richardson 6t Co.. Boots and Shoes.

McCutcheon 6t McBurney, Drugs and Stationery.

J. Morrow, Groceries.

Oliver Bros., Druggists.

Alex. Crawford, Merchant Tailor and Furnish-
ings.

D. E. Black, Manufacturing Jeweler.

The Calgary Clothing Co., Men's Furnishings.

L. C. Wilson, Books and Stationery.

J. J. Barber, Men's Furnishings, McDougal/
Block.

Watson Bros., Manufacturing Jewelers.

Dan Cashman, "The Hansen Glove Man."

Journal Prizes.

Th^ JotTiNAL asks the Journal Agents and all
members of the Brotherhood and the Auxiliary to
take hold of the work for the Jouinal and see what
can be done toward building up the subscription
list during the year. We don't ask our Agents to
work for nothing and have secured a number of
valuable articles that are offered for subscript
tions. All are good values and worth winning.

Frequently we receive letters saying that, **If
the watch 9* ^-tised as first prize for subscrip-
tions is all . at I will try for one of them.**
Others who have received a watch write and ex-
press their surprise that the watch is such an
excellent one and say they did not look for any-
thing like it The Joubnal gives its positive as-
surance that the Webb C. Ball Watch, B. R. T.
Standard, is exactly as we represent it, 19-Jewel,
twenty-five year case, B. R. T. illuminated mono-
gram, and it retails for fifty dollars. If a member
receives one of these watches and it does not
give first class ' service we will guarantee that it
will be made good.

Mr. Ball is the official inspector for a number
of large railway systems 'and the B. 'R. T. Stand-
ard Fifty Dollar Watch is his railway movement.

We will offer one of these watches for each
seventy-five paid yearly subscriptions received dur-
ing 1907. It is not necessary to send the list entire
at one time. Send the names as they are re-
ceived and we will credit them. If enough are
not secured to win a watch, the subscriptions can
be applied to any of the other prizes offered. See
advertising pages for prize list.

We have the prettiest monogram ring, or seal
ring, cut with the monogram of the B. R. T. ever
made, which we offer for thirty subscriptions.

We have a fine fountain pen for five subscribers.

We are very anxious to lead all other labor
publications in 'subscriptions and ask our members
to do all they can to assist us.

Send for subscription blanks and receipt book,
and win a prize.

We ask our Journal Agents and our members
generally to do what they can for us during the
present and coming year. Get the Jouenal among
your business men and employers and let them
know what we are and what we are trying to do.
They will find it interesting if they read it. Sub-
scription pries $1.00 per year, in advance.

Subscriptions sent in 1906 and not taken out in
prizes will be carried over into 1907.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS.

If your Journal Address is incorrect please fill out and forward this
form to D* L* CEASE^ 1207 American Trust, Qeveland, O*

Change my Journal address to read:

Name-

.Lodge No.

Street and Number-
City

State.

Date.

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Sunshine Follows Night

BY ADELBERT CLARK

We often Aain the sweetest flow*rs

With teardrops o( our grief,
And turn away the sunbeam's gold

That comes to our reEef.
Oh I better far this life would be

If we would judge things ri^^t.
And bear in mind» when grief seems hard.

That sunshine foDows nig^t

We cannot understand why God

Should bH^t the budding rose
That we have watched with tender care

To see its leaves unclose,
And there are many other things

We cannot understand,
So we should learn to live by Faith,

Through what the Lord hath planned.

We often spoQ die best of life

Through selfishness and pride.
When we should seek to share the joys

That crowd on every side.
In doing this, the darkest sky

Will melt beneath the sun,
Just as the dews of night dissolve

When darkness all is done.

But there must come some stormy days

To try our snowy sails,
Widi leaping, seething, angry waves

Pursu^ by howling gales.
But when they come, be brave, and know

That soon thereH dawn the Kght,
For sure as God doth rule the world.

The sunshine follows night

FINISHING PANTS AT HOME
Wages 20 to 40 cents per dozen pairs— Chicago

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Pabllthed Monthly by the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen.
Entered at the poetK>fBoe at Olereland. Ohio, aa Moond-class matter.

D. L. CEASB ...rijff^in^. Subscription Psicb

Editok and Manager '^SSaidB*^ $1.00 Per Year In Advance

Vol. XXIV. APRIL 1907. No. 4

The Chicago Industrial Exhibit.

NUMBER of organizations, com- trial conditions were shown in contrast,

posed of persons who are com- and it is to be hoped that the Exposition

bined for the purpose of secur- will succeed in awakening an interest in

ing remedial legislation for toil- the needs of the working men and women

• their pur- of the trades exhibited.

living and There are a number of State Legislatures
oyes of low that have measures before them, all in-
and homes tended to protect the workers against the
licago, com- professional risk of their occupation and
the diseases incident thereto, and to- en-
re the pub- courage the adoption of legislation that will
e deplorable protect the employe both in employment *
women and and living.

)rk, and it Luke Grant, special correspondent for the

eed for ef- Chicago Record-Herald, said of the Ex-

/ an exhibi- hibit: "In Illinois, the law at present per-

but showed mits the state factory inspector to prevent

in contrast children under 16 years of age from engag-

modern im- ing in hazardous occupations, it being left
to the discretion of the inspector to deter-

le methods mine what are hazardous occupations. But

cturers, for after the worker reaches the age of 16, he

ir workers, is practically without the pale of the law in

irast to the the matter of protection,

low grade There is no protected machinery law in

J show the Illinois as there is in a number of other

r perils to states. A measure along this line has been

)f shops are introduced in the present legislature, drawn

ie of indus- up by Factory Inspector Davies, and the

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282 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

INSANITARY BKKERY
Four men cook and oat maals here— Chicago

BASEMENT BAKERY
Wife and three children assisting husband

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CIGAR FACTORY IN BASEMENT
Conditions very bad. No. 48 Wallm St. Ghetto, Chicago, 111.

HOME FINISHING OF CLOTHING
Showing; how disease may be spread— Chicago

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284 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Exposition has shown the necessity for its One of the interesting features was the
passage. Devices were shown by manu- industrial geography of Chicago, which il-
facturers by which the most dangerous ma- lustrated the making of the city as a great
chinery is made comparatively safe for the geographic center. This exhibit was spe-
workers. Other devices were shown how cially prepared by Professor J. Paul Goodc,
dust from grinding wheels can be sucked of the University of Chicago, and was prc-
away from the workshop without injuring sented by the Chicago Geographic Society,
the health of the worker. In metal polish- This was supplemented by exhibits show-
ing and buffing shops, statistics prove that ing the process of manufacture in a num-
the workers are particularly subject to tu- ber of the city's leading industries,
berculosis due to the dust they continually In the group of sweated industries, some
inhale, unless the shops are fitted out with startling conditions existing in Chicago

FEATHER FLOWER FACTORY

The manxifacturlng of artificial flowers is a lucrative trade in which many girls are employed. The majority
of art flowers are made from paper or cloth, but the accom.panying view is taken of a factory where
flowers are made of feathers. Twenty-five girls are employed here, earning $3.50 for be-
ginners to $14 per week. This business, unlike the manufacturing of the paper or
cloth flowers, is good for the entire year. This factory is believed to be, and
so far as is known is, the only one of its kind in the wcr Id— Chicago.

the latest devices to make the atmosphere were shown. The danger to the public

pure. health, through the spread of disease, was

The entire Exhibit of Industrial Condi- illustrated in a manner that aroused pub-

tions which was held in Philadelphia, last lie sentiment. Recently, it was discovered

December, was reproduced here, together that a child sick with scarlet fever lay in a

with the Exposition of Safety Devices and bed, in a room where several members of

Industrial Hygiene, given by the American the family were engaged in making clothing

Institute of Social Science in New York, for the market. The place was closed by

last January. In addition to those exhibits, the state factory inspector when the dis-

the local exposition showed many new feat- covcry was made, and the room and clothes

Ur?§ n?v^r before placed on exhibition. disinfected by the city health department,

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL S85

BASEMENT MACARONI FACTORY. CHICAGO

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286 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

but how far such conditions were respon- Types of basement bakeries were shown,
sible for the recent epidemic of scarlet where bread is made for general con sump-
fever is a question for the citizens and tion, in the midst of the worst insanitary
health authorities to think over. conditions that can be conceived. In the

There is perhaps no industry in the city investigation, one bakeshop was found
where the sweating system prevails to the where the baker slept in an alcove off the
same extent as in nut picking. The Ex- bakeshop, and the room was found alive
hibit contained a reproduction of an Italian w*tb cockroaches and all kinds of vermin,
home where the mother and four children, One of the most instructive exhibits
the eldest 13 years of age, and the youngest shown pertained to woman in industry.
3 years, pick nuts for a living. By working The remarkable increase in recent years in
all day and the greater portion of the night, ^^e number of women engaged in gainful
the family is able to earn $3.00 a week. The occupations in the United States has fre-
child labor law of the state cannot remedy Quently been commented upon. The talk
such conditions, as there is no law against ^f the home as being woman's sphere is less
home work, and it is in the home that the pronounced than it was a few years ago.
children are sweated and stunted in growth, That woman has invaded the industrial
morally and physically. Few women who ^^^^» and that she is there to stay, is a fact
wear hats adorned with gorgeous artificial graciually forcing itself upon the attention
flowers realize what it costs in human blood ^^ t^e public, but what effect that invasion
and energy to produce them. The money ^as had upon woman herself is compara-
cost is small; the real cost is enormous, lively unknown, for no thorough or scien-
There is in the city one Italian woman who \^^^ investigation has been made of the sub-
supports herself and two children by mak- J^^^

ing artificial flowers and leaves. Government statistics compiled by the

. census bureau show that there are some

The case has been investigated, and it 6,000,000 women engaged in gainful occu-
serves as an illustration, as there are scores ^^^.^^^ j^ ^j^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^_
of others similarly situated. She is paid for ^^^^ j^ ^^^^^^ j„ ^j^^p^^ ^^^^^ ^„j ^^^^^^.
the work 3 cents for a gross of cotton -^^ g^^ ^j,^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ valueless, as they
leaves, and 5 cents a gross for the velvet ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^
variety. In the dull season, she makes flow- ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ j^^^. ^^^ ^^^ ^^^j^j ^^^^^
ers for candle shades at 6 cents a gross. ^j^„ ^^ motherhood. Special attention was
By workmg sixteen hours a day, this wo- ^j^^^^^ ^^ ^j^j^ ^y^^^^ ^^ ^^^ industrial life,
man is able to earn $3.00 a week, and on ^^^ ^j^^^^^j, ^j^^ ^^^-^^^ ^y^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^
that sum she has to support herself and her ^^^^ ^y^^^^^y^ ^j^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ j^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^_
family, and her occupation is seasonal at ^^^^^^^^ ^j^.^j^ ^^^^ ^^,^ ^^j,y ^^^.^^ ^j^^
^^at. ^eek the Exhibit lasted.

One of the exhibits was an exact repro- The question of equal wages for men and
duction of an Italian basement home, where women for equal labor performed, living
an old man and woman earn their living by wages for women, universal suffrage, the
finishing pants. By working long hours, organization of women in trade unions and
they together earn 18 cents a day, on an other topics were discussed by those who
average. - have made a study of those subjects."

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL U1

Railway Wrecks Continue.

iECK and railway disaster con- increasing dangers of railroad travel. It

tinue in quick succession. Hor- is true that there is considerable public

rors follow fast on each other's clamor, there is even threatened legislation,

heels and yet, there is not much but Congress is not taking any special pains

done to prevent the horrible butchery that to discover and apply what the public

is increasing day after day. Disaster fol- thinks it needs.

lows disaster and the world stands dumb. The railways have sowed a crop of trouble

conscious that there must be a remedy they will harvest one of these days, and

somewhere but unable to determine upon when they do there will be less attention

what it is and unable to apply it if it is given to the explanations of boards of di-

^^""^- rectors and more to securing safety for the

Compared to a train or engine employe, travelers and employes.

BLACK DIAMOND
L. V. R. R. at Phllllpsburg. N. J..

a soldier ought to be an insurance prefer- For many years the railroad organizations
red risk. The railway employe would have have tried every means at their command lo
a chance to live longer on the battle-field secure added safety appliances and other
than he has on a train at this time, and means to insure greater safety but it has
with a full knowledge of the terrible con- taken all the persuasion and effort at their
dition there is nothing being done that command to secure the application of what
promises a correction of the causes that legislation has been enacted. There have
are responsible. b^en railroads that opposed the operation of
Explanation follows explanation, but there the safety appliance law to the last extreme,
is nothing tangible offered as excuse or It is not yet applied without extra super-
definite remedy proposed, to relieve the fast vision on the part of the Govet|iment.

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288 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

As it is there is an annual slaughter that times the directors speak of insubordina-

cannot be understood in its entirety because tion and inefficiency of employes — an answer

it happens in so many places and does not which must be considered with our minds

all occur at one time or place. Suppose a full of knowledge about what the directors

single wreck could kill or hopelessly maim exact or expect of their employes in the

a hundred thousand persons. Is it to be way of hours of labor, manner toward the

supposed that the country would not take public, and methods of making schedule

immediate steps to stop a recurrence of the time. Conspicuous railway men have blamed

disaster? But these disasters do not reach the public for desiring too much speed —

that number until they are added together, even as the sellers of cocaine to shop-girls

and so the effect is lost. allege that they are only giving what the

The press has taken up the railroads and shop-girls want. The railway directors arc

the majority of the writers take no stock not required to murder so many passen-

in the explanations of the officers. The gers as they do on so flimsy a pretext as

THE WRECK OF A DINING-CAR
In the recent Southern Railway disaster, in which the President of the road, Samuel Spencer, was killed

people know a few things for themselves the desire of people to ride fast. After a re-

and the press reflects their opinion. cent accident in Indiana, apparently caused

To show what is meant we quote from by a mixture of recklessness and avarice, a

Collier's, February 23rd, 1907, issue, as fol- station-master testified that if he had been

lows : provided with even a stick of dynamite he

"As one smash-up follows another, the could have made a noise signal which would

directors of the railways explain, and ex- have stopped the express in time. A spirit

plain, and explain. Sometimes they blame of arrogance and contempt leaks down fast

the engineer for disregarding some regula- from directors to every employe on the

tion which they have persistently forced road and finds expression in the conduct ot

him to disregard. *Any engineer who doesn't every detail of management. We feel safe

take chances is looked upon as a grand- in observing that the greatest number of

mother' expresses the actual truth. Some- accidents occur on those roads of which

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL. 289

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290 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the cfirectors are still most deeply imbued insure safety was to tie a couple of di-
with the noble old business principles that rectors on every engine that started with a
their business belongs to them, and that the train. It would be necessary to decorate a
public is a species of merchandise which train with directors these days like a Christ-
has the insolence to make a trifle more mas tree, and then there would not be
trouble than the hogs andxattle make." enough directors to take all the hard knocks

Ever since railways have been built they incident to railroad travel,
have killed off their employes and passen- Every wreck appears to bring forth a new
gers, and while there may have been some ex- excuse for the trouble but there is yet a rail-
cuse for a part of it in faulty appliances road company to say it is exacting too much
and a poor knowledge of train operation, of its men and equipment. There is too much
ill conditioned rights of way and poor business for the railroads, there is too much

hurry in conducting it and
there are too few employes
worked too long hours to
insure a fair degree of
safety. The railroads meet
every advance in wages or
extra cost of appliances by
increased freight rates, re-
duction of employes and
the employment of inex-
perienced men.

It is one thing to run a
railroad with a. lead pencil
on the theory of^ what
ought to be done and be-
ing down "with the men"
where it is done. It is one
thing to figure out what a
machine can do and to
know what it will not do.
The same applies to fig-
ures on track, and all oth-
er appliances used. Every

THE CONDUCTOR ^f'^"^ '^ T""^^"^ ^° }^^

Macauley, in the New York Worid limit. Engines and trains

are too many and too
equipment, there is none of that now to be heavy for the tracks and weakened by the
charged with prej?ent. results. heavy tonnage trains they give way under
Every writer who discusses the subject the first extra strain and "we cannot ac-
has his own theories to account for the list count for the wreck except, etc., etc."
of recurring troubles, yet not every man The railroad companies have attempted
has a knowledge that fits him for judgment, to place the burden of trouble on the emr
Several learned discussions have come to ployes. They have referred to the objec-
the fore from persons whose knowledge has tions of the organizations to enforced dis-
been gathered from inspired sources or cipline and they have not told the truth,
"they have just thought it out" without There is not a railroad organization that
knowing much about railway operation. can be charged with opposing the enforce-
In July, 1853, Harper's Magazine pro- ment of discipline when it was proper. They
tested against the careless killing of pas- have opposed the methods of certain offi-
sengers and declared that the only way to cials who have enforced discipline when

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291

it was for the purpose of getting even for works the train crews, dispatchers, and men
personal reasons. But the railroads cannot on duty in signal-towers; that makes regu-
exhibit a single instance where the organ- larity in train-running the extreme excep-
izations have hampered the companies in tion; and that has brought American rail-
the enforcement of proper discipline. roading into the position of being the most

The railroad organizations have been ex- slovenly of all our great business organ-
ceedingly slow to protest in favor of their izations, whereas it ought to be the most
members when discipline was enforced and precise, methodical, and alert. All sorts of
the railway managers know it. , business undertakings nowadays have a

There is not another body of organized tendency to become elaborate, specialized,
employes that would be half as patient as and highly organized. There was a time
the railroad employes have
been in dealing with their
employers. Where is there
an organization of em-
ployes that are so well or-
ganized, who know the
situation is in their hands,
that will bargain week
after week, patiently wait-
ing for a peaceful settle-
ment of their differences?
Is it fair to presume that
these men will be so pa-
tient one day and so ex-
treme the next? Discipline
is and has been in the
hand of the companies. It
is what they have made it.
and the public is commenc-
ing to find it out.

Dr. Albert Shaw, said
in the Review of Reviews :
"The demoralized condi-
tion of the railroad service
of the country is chiefly
responsible for the great
number of accidents, the
worst of which are so appalling that when railroad men would carry an air of
they can not be kept out of the newspapers, mystery and treat the public with a cer-
while the lesser ones of daily occurrence es- tain condescension, as meaning well but not
cape public notice. It has been asserted capable of understanding so difficult and so
by high railroad authority that it has be- technical a business as operating railroads,
come habitual to disregard the cardinal But that period is past and gone forever,
principle of the block system which many The veil of mystery has been ruthlessly
roads have installed for purposes of safety, torn away, and the gentlemen of the rail-
and to this fact must be attributed some of road world are now in a position where they
the recent disasters. But the root of the must put in a decade of hard work in try-
trouble goes much deeper than the reckless- ing to *make good.' Meanwhile, there can
ness of engineers or the mistakes of signal- not be too many public investigations, and
men. there is no danger of any harm to the trav-

*'It lies in the bad management that over- eling public or the shipping public from the

SHORTEN HIS HOURS

Death is working over time on all the railroads. (Bartholomew in the

Minneapolis Journal)

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292 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

doctrine that railroads exist principally for railroad accidents are preventable; half of
the convenience and the service of the peo- the thousands of lives of trainmen and pas-
pie, and that the people are entitled to have sengers lost yearly in blazing wrecks,
a good railroad system safely and well crushed out under overturned cars, or
operated." burned out in the steam of exploding boil-
Albert Reeves said in Everybody's Mag- ers, might have been saved by carefulness
jsine: and the use of proper appliances.

"Every man knows that railroading is "The decrease in the number of accidents

dangerous work. Not every man knows in coupling and uncoupling cars brought

HOW TO INSURE AGAINST RAILWAY ACCIDENTS

" Tio a couple of directors upon every engine that starts with a train "

(Harper's Magazine for July, 1853)

that it is fifty per cent more dangerous than about by the use of an automatic device

it need be. There are over thirteen hundred (which is not as widely used as it ought

thousand railroad men on the trains and in to be) proves that with proper safeguards

the yards of the United States. Of these, we need not kill five times as many men

according to the Interstate Commerce Com- as they do in Great Britain. Equipping all

mission's report for the last complete year cars, freight as well as passenger, with air

on record, 69,191 were killed and injured brakes according to the provisions of the

in one year's time — more than one man Safety Appliance Law should do a great

in every twenty. And yet one-half of all deal of good.

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293

"One of the best safeguards to the men,
however, would be the passage of federal
and state laws limiting the number of hours
of employment of railroad employes to
eight, or at least allowing ten hours' rest
after service before calling on them again.
The engineer exhausted after a twenty
hours* run and the overworked telegraph
operator are responsible for more wrecks
than the public realizes."

This sort of comment is without end but

there is nothing being done to correct the
trouble. It will continue until an outraged
public will get tired of being killed and in-
jured for the purpose of allowing the rail-
roads to have their own way about every-
thing connected with transportation. The
railroads were permitted to kill off their
employes so long without protest that they
gained the idea that they could carry it fur-
ther and kill off the public, but the public,
not being the employe, is tired of it

Roundhouse Stories.

The Runaway Train Chased By Swift Death.

|HEN engine men are off duty,
the force of habit takes them
to the roundhouse; and when
a group of them is collected
there, railroading stories are sure to fol-
low. I have listened for hours to good
yarns there.

One day, in the San Francisco round-
house of the Southern Pacific Company,
mention was made of a recent accident
which had been caused by the breaking
apart of a freight train. This served as a
reminder to the engineer from Arizona.
Taking a seat on the side rod of a loco-
motive, he began:

"I think the liveliest ride and the worst
scare I ever had was when I was running
out of Los Angeles to Yuma, in the spring
of '80. The company was building the
road across Arizona then, and we were
hauling material to the front.

"We left Los Angeles, one afternoon,
with twenty-six cars and a caboose. We
went out a double-header, with two ten-
wheel engines. I was running the 112 in
advance, and Billy Stewartson, with the
198, was coupled in behind me.

"Next to the engines were some long
bridge timbers, extended over three flat
car^, from which the brake staffs had to be
taken. Then there were six cars loaded
with redwood ties; then thirteen cars of
steel rails, twenty tons to the car. These

cars were all flats, of co^r??. Th?n 9ani«

four box cars loaded with giant powder,
to be used in some heavy work at the front.

"It's a stiff pull most of the way from
Los Angeles to Colton, and from there to
San Gorgonio it's an upgrade of 120 feet
to the mile. They gave us a third engine
from Colton to the top of the hill; and it
was all the three ten-wheelers could do to
take that train up there.

"We stopped at San Gorgonio and cut
out the helper engine; and then, when
everybody was ready, we started down the
hill

"From San Gorgonio it is nearly down-
grade to Indio, sixty miles; and for the
first thirty miles the grade runs from 125
feet to seventy feet to the mile.

"We had a half-Spanish boy called Kid
Vallejo breaking ahead. He was a good
one — as smart as a steel trap. The middle
brakeman was rather light, and the hind
man was a big, thick-headed brute, who
had no *savvy,' and never would know any-
thing. The conductor was a slow, easy-
going chap.

"There weren't any air brakes on freight
trains then; nothing but hand brakes. But
we had air brakes on the tenders, and a
steam brake on the locomotive drivers.

"It was about half-past nine, on a bright
moonlight night, when we started down the
grade. About a mile out I felt the train
jerk, and then we shot ahead lively. As
I Ippketf back, Billy tooted *pff brjikes/ and

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294 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

began to work steam. I saw the two brake- "We shot by Banningfs Station at the

men swinging their lights and signaling to rate of sixty miles an hour, the fire flying

'go ahead.* from the driving wheels, and the tender

"It was so light that I could see that the brakes just burning up! The driving boxes

caboose and the four cars of powder had were hot, and that stuck the wedges so

broken off, and were about ten car lengths that the engine rode like an old cart going

behind the rest of the train. The chuckle- over cobblestones.

headed hind brakeman had slapped up the "It shook the oil cans off the shelf to the

caboose brake and snapped the train apart, deck, and jarred out the cab lights. The

and we were running down that grade in coal was all shaken forward from the

two pieces. tender ; it was pouring out of the gangway,

"If ever that loose rear section struck ^"^ ^^^ a foot deep on the deck,
the forward one, the concussion would be "Loo^mg backward, we could see the
sure to explode the giant powder, and then ^»«« workmg off the flat cars sidewise;
there would be an explosion that would ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^e ground endwise every other
shake the earth, and send the whole of us '"^""t^' ^"^ ^^^^ "P »" the air like a sky-
to kingdom come. rocket, and then off down into the canyon.

„,-, 11 J . ^ X t *. J "The engines were heating all over, and

We pulled out to get away from it, and . u uu-^* ^ i n - r .l i. i

!-• .1 J A w .1 J £ \u a the babbitt metal was flymg from the back

whistled and whistled for the flagman j r *l j t ^ -j

- . .1. L J X ends of the mam rods. I was afraid my

to hurry out on the box cars and set u ^ t. ir . •

- , ..,..,, J . engine would tear herself to pieces, every-
some brakes: but he didn t show up, and in ^, . ^ • i • j

, , * ., . ^. thing was shrieking and groaning so.

less than a mile we were running fifty ,.,,, . ^ /- u c^ ^- ^ ^l

., , , . r .!_ r xL We went past Cabazon Station at the

miles an hour to keep out of the way of the . , ^ ^ ., , r^,

, . . .. rate of seventy-five miles an hour. The

rear section, and increasing rapidly every _ . ^ /- u r • i

- o f / .r gp^jjg tTom Cabazon for six or seven miles

is easier, and then there comes a short

"I realized at once that we had got to ^^^ve, close in by the side of the mountain;

check up soon, or the train would get away ^ i^ way up on one side and way down on

with us and land everybody down in the ^^^ other.

canon a thousand feet below. But what «Billy and his fireman were down on the

chance were we going to get to check up? tender steps, holding on for dear life, wait-

"Just then we saw a light come up on ing for the crash on the curve. I knew the

the box cars, and knew that the rear chances were mighty slim for those two

brakeman had got out at last. Then we ten-wheelers to go around that curve. The

felt sure that he would stop that section, speed began to reduce some, but we were

and the thing for us to do was to stop our- still flying.

selves. I set my tender and driving brakes "My fireman crawled over to me and

and started the sand running; and Billy yelled: 'Let's wet the rail; it's our only

did the same with his engine. chance for that curve!'

"Setting up all those powerful brakes at "I nodded to him, and we started the

once on the forward end just acted like injectors. Each had attached to it an inch

a bumping post. The 'slack' came up pipe with hose and nozzle for cooling off

against the engines with a bang, and the crank pins. We leaned out of the cab

shifted the steel rails ahead so that they and sent the water pouring right down over

jammed every brake on the steel cars, and the front drive wheels. That stream was

put them in such a state that they could as big as your thumb, and went with the

not be used. There we were, flying down force of a stream from a fire engine,

a hundred-foot grade — two engines and "The speed must have slackened consid-

twenty-two heavy loaded cars— and only crably before we struck the curve, but it

six brakes on the train. seemed to me that we were going faster

"Kid Vallejo and his partner doubled on than ever. You couldn't see across the*

the brakes on the tie cars, and the first cab on account of the dust and smoke from

thing they did was to break two chains, the hot journals.

That left us only four brakes — not enough "My fireman yelled: 'Goodby, Jack/ but

to stop us. he kept the water flying. I shut my teeth

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and held my breath, and said to myself: was saved. He had held on to a brake

'This is my last run; it's "good-by, John," staff, and when the crash came, the ties

right here.' carried him with them, and the steel

"When old 112 reached the curve, I sheeted over him, and there he was, like a

thought for a second she would capsize, rat in a trap.

Then I thought she was off. But we kept "He was bruised and scratched and sha-

the water a-pouring. Then came a jerk ken, but alive and not fatally hurt The

and a crash, and the flat cars left the rails, middle brakeman had jumped, and we

and those timbers went sailing out into the found him two miles back, dead,

air and over the bank. "The cars that broke off were stopped at

"The flat cars began playing leap-frog Cabazon, and the conductor got the sec-
over each other, and those steel rails just tion men and their hand-car and came
sheeted over and through those cars and down to the wreck. When it was all over
ties, making matchwood of everything. I fainted dead away.

"But the two engines were on the rail, "Of course the general office sent down
and we stopped them after running two for an investigation, and the division super-
miles. They were all burnt and cut up, but intendent had us all *up on the green car-
they would move, and after putting out pet.' They discharged the conductor and
some torpedoes and red lights we backed hind brakeman, and gave Kid a train to
up to the wreck. rua

"We all thought that the water was the "During the investigation, this dialogue

only thing that saved our engines on that took place between the division superin-

curve. tendent and the section foreman at Caba-

"Jimmy, my fireman, went running zon:

around, calling out : 'O Kid ! O Kid Val- ** 'Did you see the runaway train when it

lejo!' and I said: *I guess poor Kid is passed Cabazon?' asked the superintendent,

done up, Jimmy.* "T did, sor,* answered the section fore-

"*Hark!* says he; and we heard a very man.

faint voice under the wreck. We all ran "'How fast was it going?'

up there, and Jimmy says: Ts that you, " 'Moighty fast, sor.'

Kid? "'Well, how fast, should you think?'

** 'Yes, I think it's me,' says Kid. " 'Moighty fast, sor I Only I had a mon

"'Where are you?' says Jimmy. on aitch side o' me, wan to* say, 'Here she

"IJnder this flat car,' says Kid; *I don't comes,' the other to say, 'Dere she go-o-o/

know what number it is.' I couldn't have seen it all, sor !" — Frank

*lt must have been by a miracle that boy H. Sweet, in Los Angeles Times,

Famine In Russia.

NICOLAS SHisKOFF. Charities and the Commons.

|HAVE come here, a distance of ly four months we tried hard to do what
twenty-five thousand miles by we could with our small means, hoping that
land and sea, on a rather un- as the extent of the distress should be-
usual errand. In far-off Rus- come more widely known, private charity
sia where my home is, millions of people would come to our assistance. In the mean-
are on the verge of starvation and thou- time we distributed food to ten families
sands are already starving. where a hundred needed help. And month
Since the beginning of September, I was after month passed, and instead of increas-
engaged in famine relief work in one of ing, our resources became steadily less and
our largest and worst provinces. For near- less.

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We stand face to face with one of the hours. Those that are fortunate enough to

most awful calamities thai even Russia has get a ticket for these **dinners/' have at

ever witnessed. least a chance of living to see another har-

Our government, now fully awake to the vest. But what of their fathers and broth-
magnitude of the famine, is doing all it ers?

can to bring grain to the starving provinces. The proximate cause of all this misery

and private charity has evidently given was the complete failure of all crops this

nearly all that it can give. But both seem year because of the terrible drought. For

helpless to provide for all the sufferers, — three months there was no rain, and not

there are too many of them this year. If only the grain crop, but also the grass in

we cannot get help, and good, strong help the meadows was parched up and destroyed,

too — from friends abroad, widespread epi- Consequently, great numbers of horses and

demies of scurvy and typhus are sure to cattle have perished already and probably

WAITING FOR RELIEF

attack our broken-down peasants and thou- seventy-five per cent of the total will go

sands upon thousands of lives will be lost, before spring. That means only ruin to

1 have come to ask ior that help. thousands of peasant families because of

Months ago, in many villages the people want of horses ; their fields will remain un-

were living on acorn bread for want ol tilled and even next year's harvest will

rye or wheat. I have brought a few sam- bring them no relief. But that is inevitable,

pies of this food here, and people who have Every year of such a famine sends thous-

never known what famine can bring men ands of small farmers to earn their bread

to, would do well to take a look at it. either as field laborers or into the streets

In most of these villages we have opened of our towns,
free kitchens, where at least some of the Years and years hence, when peace ha»

destitute peasants (mostly women and chil- been restored to our countr>', when a set-

dren) can get a bowl of hot soup and a tied state and equitable law have induced

piece of black bread once every twenty-four the forces of capital to open up the natural

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TWO FAMINE VICTIMS

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riches of the empire, and when thousands of
new schools have taught our people the ele-
ments of rational agriculture, — then only
one may hope to hear the last of these ter-
rible visitations th^t now not only annihil-
ate the labor of millions of men, but send
thousands to a premature grave.

One of the most tragic consequences of
the present distress in Russia is certainly
the greatly increased mortality of the chil-
dren. When food is scarce, and especially,
when the absence of healthy food drives
people to. use different worthless substitutes
to still the pangs of hunger, our hardy and
frugal peasants manage to keep alive for
months and months on nothing but a small
portion of black bread and water, and al-
though their health suffers and their
strength gives way, — life remains. Such is
not the case with the children. The babies
are the first "^to perish, when their starved
mothers have no more milk in their breasts,
—and they perish by thousands. The
youngest children, up to the age of five or
six, are the next to go, their tender bodies
not being able to resist the sufferings of
hunger for any length of time. They waste
away; and their slow agony and their
ceaseless cries for food are often more than
their mothers can bear. During the great
famine of 1891-92 we had an asylum in Sa-
mara for children abandoned by their moth-

ers and picked up in the streets where they
had been cast out in the hope that the bitter
frost would soon put an end to their mis-
ery. In less than a month we gathered in
more than 200 such children.

These thousands of young lives — the hope ,
of our future — are the tribute that we are
now called upon to pay. If we cannot get
sufficient help, this tribute will be very high
this year.

Many committees h^ve been organized by
ladies in Russia specially to distribute food
and clothes to the children; but as far as
I know, not one of these committees could
collect or spend more than about two or
three thousand dollars a month. That
means relief for three or four thousand
children in districts where at least forty
thousand children under ten years of age
are in need of help.

That may perhaps explain to my readers
why I have decided to come over and ap-
peal to the humanity of American people
to help us in our terrible distress.

Kind friends here are already at work
organizing a committee to collect funds
and transmit them to Russia, and I earn-
estly hope they will succeed, in their noble
work of saving life. In Russia, even dur-
ing a year of famine, five dollars will keep
a child alive till next harvest.

Another Side To The Immigrant Story

BV FELIX J. KOCH.

|ATTERLY we are reading much,
indeed, of the immigrant and
the Volker-wanderungen that
are peopling our shores. We are
coming to loathe the immigrant, to think
nothing good at all possible of him.

Let us look for a moment at another side
of the story, the side of which you seldom
see or hear.

Last night a great trans-Atlantic liner
came into dock at Naples. Yesterday morn-
ing you came down the palm drive from the

heights to go abroad. The ship was not
yet in and so you returned to the hotel, re-
turned simply to rid yourself of superfluous
baggage. You were filled with that indes-
cribable joy of sight-seeing well done, the
satisfaction of a profitable foreign tour.
You looked forward to the reunion with
friends at the other side of the sea, you were
buoyant and happy.

Too happy to notice!

On a lower gang-plant from the one you
crossed there passed . . . Italy. Old Italy,
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young Italy, child Italy. There passed a can each find a publican, for immigrant
man far from the home city, Ancona. A Italy does not learn to spell. And mean-
young man who had lived among the mul- time another man may cut him out with the
berry groves and the grape vines. There passionate maiden. But still he comes, and
had come an old woman whose days had light-hearted, wellnigh.
been spent gathering the oranges and the The old woman, what of her? We who
lemons near Palermo. There were children, cherish traditions cry to part with treas-
happy, black-eyed Sicilians, that would have ured keepsakes. She has left them all be-
caught any artist's fancy. They were hind. All the old, save what is in her bun-
bound ... for the better land. die is sold or given away.

You recall how your heart strings quiv- The children — for them it is perhaps eas-

ered when you said farewell. You would iest. But they, too, cry at the thought of

be gone for the summer. You could cable vale to* Italy.

COMING BY THE THOUSANDS

at any moment, probably you did on several Where they are going they do not know,

occasions. Any message could, if need be, America ... it is a country where one

bring you home. You knew your route and can make money. That is the sum total of

your future. ' it all. America and a steamer agent's allure-

These immigrants, however, what of ments. There is no greater rascal extant in

them? Over seas in America . . . may- America today than the advertising agent

be, there is a cousin. He has a job, and of an ocean liner. There is no life so low

will try and get them one. Young Italy is as that tolerated on the steerage deck of the

coming to work — one year, two years, three liners. Whole families — men, women and

years, 'till he has enough to import the children — are herded with other families.

Senorita and make her his bride. And in all in the vilest, filthiest quarters. But the

those years they can only write — when they steamship companies have mone^ to bribe.

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and Uncle Sam's servants in New York
and Boston are one and all open to graft.

Graft, in fact, is the story of the immi-
grant's nemesis. He has been led to come
over seas largely by graft. He has been
led to ship on this particular line by graft.
And graft in New York in one form or an-
other is going to lead him on into the coun-
try. This, however, is only the beginning
of the story we are anticipating.

Italy has still to go aboard that steamer.

The old woman, the young man, like you.

hatless, on the street below, and striking up
an acquaintance with this fellow-passenger
and that, the Italians are doing the same,
but warily. Long before they left on the
voyage they had been cautioned against too
close acquaintance with strangers. One
might drink, and then when you woke
from an unexpected snooze, you would be
out in the street and without your money.
Or you might be led into some lonely spot
and be made a victim of foot-pads. Do not
for a moment suppose that Italy has no

IN THE SLUMS OF THE HOME LAND

are on the gang-plank. Like you they learn,
however, that the ship will not sail today.
So they, unlike you, must take their de-
parture. From the little sum in the leather
wallet deep down in the pocket they must
draw the wherewithal for food and lodging
for one night.

In the big tenements along the water-
front they may make a bargain for the
night. From the market they purchase the
eating. Then while you sit on deck, in the
chill of the November evening, cooling off
from the sultry day, watching the ladies,

knowledge of these methods, they are old,
old stories, come home.

You had heard that the ship would leave
after eleven tonight, if all the freight got
aboard. Maybe you were anxious, maybe
you really didn't care much. A day or so
more in Naples wasn't a bad proposition
at all. You went down to your cabin, and
while the noise of the men, busy loading
the hold floated in, and the constant rolling
in and out broke the silence, you looked, in
retrospect, on your journey. The cabin was
cozy, the electric lights invited^ to read or
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301

lounge. Stewards in white were at your
beck, speaking both English and German.
You gave no thought to the Italian. He,
meanwhile, was cramped in a room with a
dozen total strangers. Some of them did
not even speak his dialect, and he mistrusted
them, as they, one and all, did him. He, too,
watched the last rays of daylight on Vesu-
vius, but with thoughts wholly different
from yours. You hoped that the day would
dwindle rapidly. For him it was the last
day in Italy, probably the last of his life.

a big cabin, intended for four, all to your-
self. Really, leaving Italy was lovely.

You could breakfast whenever you wished,
and for all other meals there was a half
hour's bugle warning. During the meal the
band played, it was ideal, this homeward
voyage.

In fact they even woke you by bugle, and
you had come to your senses expecting to
find the ship well underway. Instead, how-
ever, there you were still in the slip at Na-
ples. And again you didn't care. That

IN THE HOME LAND

a piano up enormous freight might be twice as large.

► accompany It was vacation time, and they fed you and

Then. you lodged you until New York was reached,

ig, but anx- so why give a thought to care? Only the

jssage come captain was angry, for the dockage, he

^ dozen or claimed, cost more than the freight was

her and en- worth.

em in such The sun streamed down, and the bay was
beautiful beneath its rays. It was warm

I again the as mid-summer here, and cozier still in the

o the enor- cabin. You disposed your valises on either

lere, aboard side the aisle in between the berths and

ind you had on the sofa, and had the third berth put ur

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302 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

as useless. The rattling of the freight still didn't recognize the tunc; they simply

sang in your ears as it was taken aboard. squatted about, indolent and sad, or else

Up on deck you found a man selling pos- hiding their sadness between a very mock-

tals and paper. You bought one or two and ing form of joy. One boy was gazing eam-

wrote them, for the mail box ... in- estly at his brother's picture, which he held

dolently. Probably you would get home be- in a case of plush,
fore them. Really, they were a most stupid, disinter-

You did not notice a sleepy, blear-eyed ested lot, those emigrants. Far less inter-
woman, hastily dictating while a publican esting than the divers outside the ship, who
wrote. Those last lines home would mean were catching the large brass centime pieces
much to the village, for all the little home passengers threw them, collecting these in
town was interested in her course. The their mouths as thrown. Children of the
warm Italian sun and the beautiful Vesu- first cabin delighted in this. Third cabin
vian Bay, made it particularly hard to leave children, meantime, envied the divers. To
Italy. envy such little plutocrats as the spenders

Even you hated to go, and quit it. The were simply folly indeed,
limpid waters, filled with shipping, the sun For breakfast you took what you wanted,

streaming down, the cone of the volcano Cocoa, jellied eel, buckwheat cakes, and,

smoking ever — it was hard, very hard to say last, oranges. Goodness knows what the

adieu! other half ate. Later, at sea, it would in-

Maybe you walked to the rail and looked t^r^st you to investigate. You spoke of

at the steerage. Just a lot of south Italians, heating down the tradesmen over here to a

one and all of them dirty. The women had third of what they asked, of the good ships

woolen shawls neatly folded, laid on the coffee and the like. Then you strolled into

t(H) of their heads, this in place of a hat. ^^^ ladies' writing-room, furnished wholly

The children were nude, excepting only for '" white, and with the desks set about the

a skirt or a slip of trousers. rotunda, looking into the dining-room. You

They were uninteresting, crying, most of ^^'"^ o" ^^^^> »"^ ^^^^^^ at the steerage,
them. You preferred to look over another ^^t one of them had budged from his place,
rail at the water. Down there a fleet of Nor did they open conversation with each
row boats was selling things to the steer- ^ther. Maybe other thoughts were in their
age, hoisting these up in baskets at the end "^»"<Js. Only a few of them were sending
of a rope. There was bread in the form of ^^^^ letters. Otherwise, give them credit,
a ring, that could be carried on the arm, ^^^^ strove to hide their -emotions.
There were flasks of wine, pomegranates To wait seemed to prolong the agony for
and oranges. You wondered why they them. Nor were they free, as you, to kill
bought so little, it was their last chance, time and explore. You looked over the
You didn't guess that the money was sewn ship, as you called it. You walked the main
maybe, into the heel of the wool slipper, or deck, with the fore and aft ends having the
worn next the skin, and could not be lightly little buildings for the crew, then the de-
got at. Nor did you recall how every cen- scent to the steerage quarters, and after
tissime counts. that the section of deck reserved for these

Where the crates and casks and cases passengers. There, minus chairs, they sat

were still being hoisted onto the liner, a about the masts, the hoisting tools and the

newspaper vender was changing the Italian hatches. Stormy weather, however, the

money into American, for the steerage, hatches would be closed and they must stay

Whether he cheated them or no was no below. Where the main building of the

one's affairs, obviously. The liner evidently ship arose, their deck ended, there was no

got a good rake-off. passage for them around. In fact, this level

A thrill of homesickness and of patri- of the mam deck was composed of the low-

otism went over you as the ship's band est row of cabins, those looking out on the

struck up "America !" Those steerage, they sea, and were too choice for even second

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303

cabin. Even those which fronted on the
steerage deck, at one end or the other, were
considered select.

Up above, you found the dining-room,
the printery and the wash-rooms, the rest
of the floor was given over to cabins.
There, however, a deck circumscribed the
whole, decidedly pleasant for walking. Up
above — the third story — was the real prom-

too small, but folks were getting acquainted
without. At this season there was not the
social tourist life of mid-summer^ but the
friendships would be all the closer.

All these things you took for granted, and
you thought the ship small and cramped.
Never gave a pause to those who had just
one end or the other of one deck, or the
hold, to ruminate in. They now were scrub-

A FRIEND AWAITS ON THE DOCK

enade deck, with the smoking room and the
ladies' writing cabin, the latter looking
down on the dining salon. All very com-
pact, and interesting. Still higher up,
fourth flight, was the captain's deck. That
alone was forbidden you. When you tired
of exploring, you scanned your fellows.
There was no passenger list, the ship was

bing some pans they had brought for the
voyage with sand, likewise brought from
home.

Such a monotonous time they were hav-
ing of it, surely. You really wondered why
they didn't brace up. You let the thought
die in the passing and went down into your
cabins. For perhaps an hour or two you

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fixed the souvenir postals you had gathered the liner's concern. They complied with

on your voyage, arranging them in rotation, the law (maybe, if the inspector was well

and then writing an index at one end of enough bribed), of so much per head for

the album. They totaled nine hundred and each emigrant.

fifty-five in all, so the pastime was not a You were in love with your cabin, and

short or small one. At ten again you heard returned to it. Through the port hole you

the band above, and now and then, some could see smoking old Vesuvius, and the

one, going to his cabin, sounded in the shipping about. You felt the warm No-

ifassage. Some of these would stop to chat vember breeze, and you heard the hum of

in the halls, or a steward would be heard the city. It was lovely here, and you were

tinkering. The sun beat into your port j„st a bit lonely, thinking of the friends you

hole, the noises of the endless loading con- would soon meet again. You kept wonder- .

tinned ; it was nice and warm in here, and jng of how things had gone at home, and

breezy, and when some one began playing so you took out a book and read to change

old familiar airs on the piano upstairs, it tl^e thought. The company was not quite

was absolutely delightful. You stayed here as gay as that of the tourist season, so you

perhaps until dinner. were quite content to retire for a time.

Again you had a splendid choice, every- ..^ j i .^ i j-

. , , . , .^. When you came on deck, it was cloudmg

thmg from a soup of brown gravy, with tl i . u u £ £ -^

^ . . „ i- ^ J ^ up. The last bunches of fruit were going

sausage in it, to roll mops, fish and pota- f . , ^. ^ * j

** , ^ J I- ^t- aboard, and the steerage, one great crowd,

toes, veal stew and roast and olives, then . _,.

, , , ... was now weeping. The sun came out a

melons and cheese and queer pudd.ngs. ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^.^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^

with a flavor like a sptced strawberry, cof- ^^^^^ .^ ^^^^ ^^^
fee serving to finish the whole. The cap-
tain was at your table, and the service all The band played. At four you had lunch,
you could desire. You spoke of the great. Then more music. This time, on hearing
roasted pine-cones, which are eaten by the it. the steerage cheered, clapped hands and
poor of Naples. Then of filling melons with jigged. They were off for the promised
wine to cool, as you had seen them in Tur- land. The little nude children laughed,
key. The captain was a genial old German, Only, even in their laughter, a connoissuer
and but for being piqued at the delay here, might have found a suspicion of sadness,
everything would have been charming. Prompt at four, you left, for America.
Down, three or four feet beneath, there was You, for certainty, they for promise! You
another dining hall — a series of great ket- to return here, even though it be but a
ties, in which a mixture of hash and peas pleasure land, when you would. They, not
was dished out to all who came. When it for years and years. Had you been in their
was gone there was no more, that was all. places would you have done it — risked it?
First come, first served, — they cooked so Put your every cent on the venture? Con-
much per passage list, so if the strong fess to yourself, and then — judge of the
grabbed and took too much, it was none of emigrant!

''Realistic Ideals."

JOSE GROS.

|N the McClure's for February, any other man, has not been earned by any-

Wm. Allen White speculates on body else. The editor of Harper's Weekly

the need of government guaran- for February 9th ridicules such a philoso-

teeing to every man every dollar phy, because of its impracticability. Also

he may honestly earn, that he may be sure because such a plan could be carried far

to get it, provided it does not belong to enough to prevent the accumulation of

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805

some large fortunes where they may be
needed. It also indicates that what would
be better is that government does not
grant privileges to some at somebody else's
cost As if he repented of that good, ex-
cellent hint, he ends by saying: "If neces-
sary to save us from destruction, let us have
an income tax." He also ^ suggests that
"large fortunes are often more troublesome
to those who have them thatt to the rest of
the people." How foolish that is!

Both Mr. Allen White and Mr. Editor
of the Harper's Weekly knpw exactly what
our poor humanity needs ; ji)ut, like most of
the fine men of today, are bound, hand and
foot, to the chariot of our insane civiliza-
tion. We have, in our days of so-called
freedom, very few men that can afford to
publicly proclaim the truth that alone could
make men and nations free, in fact, as well
as in name. That forces most of our wri-
ters, orators, etc., to talk and write all kinds
of nonsense.

Take the ridiculous idea of government
having to guarantee the honest earnings of
the workers, and capitalists, and monopo-
lists, and gamblers of modern nations, as
long as we all wish to have laws producing
those four qualities of — ^wealth-getters,
wealth accumulators, by the dollar or the
hundred millions of dollars. And if we
have to have some large fortunes, on which
principle shall we determine the quantity
and the extent of such fortunes? And if
large fortunes are necessary, why to ptmish
the men, with an income tax, to whom we
give the power to accimiulate those for-
tunes?

There is not an atom of honesty or sense
in any such talk about government guaran-
teeing the earnings of anybody, or protect-
ing any industrial functions, with the pro-
tection of honesty; as long as we don't
commence by suppressing all monopoly
laws. Under any such laws government is
but — a group of public clerks who are the
servants of King Monopoly, and administer
the affairs of nations for the exclusive bene-
fit of monopolists. Such public clerks are
nothing but— "maniquins," doing the will of
a few thousand wealthy monopolists in each
national compact
2-1

Under the simple action of plain honesty
in law, what we don't want to have or don't
kilow how to have; under that simple con-
dition every man would be fully able to
protect himself, and obtain the earnings he
deserved in relation to the quality and quan-
tity of the services he was able and willing
to render. Every industrial branch would
then stand on its own natural merits, and
the quantity and quality of its products
would determine the earnings of the re-
spective workers; without the need of any
foolish, barbaric legislation of privileges
imitating the vile tricks of the worst hea-
then nations. But then, we want larger for-
tunes, and so, the poverty of those who pro-
duce that wealth, which is made to nm away
from them by laws of privilege. We thus
create, not only workers, but beggars and
legalized thieves, the workers keeping all
beggars alive and all thieves enriched with
the wealth that only the real plain workers
can produce.

When we stop to think sober thoughts it
becomes self-evident that what we call mod-
ern freedom or political institutions give
to all men, in forms hidden but more em-
phatic than ever, the right and power to
get on top of each other, permanently or in
turns, provided that is done as fixed by
laws of favoritism and hence laws of sin.
That is in flagrant opposition to the in-
exorable action of all natural and divine
law which gives to all and each man the
right and power to live the full, healthy life,
and hence enjoins upon all the duty of
granting the same full, symmetrical life to
all men everywhere, to each as he may
think best That sensible, healthy life van-
ishes for all of us as soon as the double
law of nature we have indicated, is vetoed,
suppressed by miserable laws of privilege
to some, transgressing, in forms most dis-
graceful, the universal principle of equal
rights to every conscious or unconscious in-
dividuality, for its completion in relation
to its functions in the grand S3rmphony of
creation. And that applies most especially
to men. Why should it not?

In the Old and New Testament as well
as in the order of nature the meaning of
"LoTxf' is — universal freedom:, the fr<5edom

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of beauty, justice and unselfish love, the altruistic ideals of the practical, sensible
love which actualizes equal rights in all de- kind for good universal. We don't even
partments of life and human development, believe in good universal. In the religious
and thus invites the maximum harmony order we yet repudiate the glorious optim-
among men. Human laws are yet inviting, ism of Jesus.

forcing a mean, crooked existence in the In Matthew xxiv (24) we are given a vivid
whole orbit of human growth, since we all description of what all wrong civilizations
have to go through life terrestrial either by would continue to be, with the confusions
crushing somebody or letting somebody and disorder of different fantastic selfish
crush us, in forms direct or indirect, mate- human ideals. One process was there given
rial, spiritual or both. All that is brought to us to put an end to that crazy progress,
about by an industrialism without any con- The process was— "to preach to all nations
science or sound common sense. the Gospel of the kingdom." We are yet

Back of the primal actualized great cause preaching to all nations the gospel of the
at the root of all human irregularities and kingdom of men, the kingdom of selfish hu-
mean development, we have always had a man laws, departing from the fixed simplic-
distorted mental status in the civil and re- ity of all natural adjustments conducive to
ligious reahn of thought In old times it the universal dogma of healthy growth and
was a given group of emotional sentimen- joy and beauty in all directions. We still
talities. In modem times it is a group of prefer hideous processes and results in the
intellectual sentimentalities. In both cases combined activities of all of us. We thus
that has evolved reasoning pfocesses at war ^^^„ ^^e victims of false ideals and false
with the grand self-evident verities of life, ^^.^^.^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^^j

m accord with the nine or ten most impor- / _ ii • i ^ t j •• •

^ ^ . . .. L . , . t away from all sunple natural and divme

tant axioms m the physical and moral or- ,....•, « # ,

der, constituting the central nucleus of all ^^^^"^*"^ '^^^' ^^ ^^Ise realistic realities

logic m our hmnan language. We seldom ^* "^^^ ^^ "^'"^ ^^'^ *«-^ °^^ ^^^

take cognizance of those axioms, when we ^^"«^ ^^ ^^P'^^^ ^«8^^y ^^ ^^^ ^^

discuss human problems. That is why we ^^»^ ^^ dimply bad enough to keep hu-

never understand each other in the essen- canity at war with the laws of God's uni-

tials of human conduct. We thus either verse, and so human life remains more or

float in civil or religious ideals which arc less distorted and far from what it can be

neither practical nor necessary; or in real- as soon as we so decide through the agency

ities which are low, selfish and thus lack of healthy human hws.

Cities Made To Order.

BY WILL PAYNE.

by the Curtis Publishing Company

lOBABLY the country at the picturesque for people about a foot UU.
southernmost point of Lake There being no people of a size to fit the
Michigan was intended for landscape, and the soil bemg all sand, it
dwarfs. It is overgrown with was deserted up to last spring,
scrub oaks. It undulates with little sandy Now, under these stunted trees, you come
hills ten feet high. The Grand Calumet, here and there upon some tents, or a group
which is ten yards wide in places, winds of rough pine shacks, set down at hap-
along a valley that you seem to see through hazard as though many persons had been
an inverted telescope. It would be quite scatteringly inspired to seek the simple and

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 307

untidy life. Then you come upon an enor- it will be named Gary;" and the thing was
mous gash cut through the dwarf forest, done.

straight as a ruler, about a mile long and a You may still see some square miles of
hundred feet wide, all pale yellow sand. A scrub oak, y^ this landscape under your
narrow-gauge railroad track has been flung eyes has practically ceased to be. The pow-
down its entire length. At the south end a er of the plan is upon it To all intente and
numerous gang of men is covering the sand purposes, Gary existed the moment the di-
with a solid pavement. The north end, rectors of the United Sutes Steel Corpora-
after crossing the miniature valley of the tion voted aye, and went out to lunch.
Grand Calumet, on a fill that took train- Really those are not sand piles topped by
loads of sand, spreads out fanlike in a level, melancholy trees, but long dun-colored sted
new-made plateau which swarms with men mills with belching chimneys— just as the
and machines. picture is already really changed when the

The huge gash is Broadway, the central artist decides to paint out the dog and put
north and south street of Gary, the new '^ a table. The Steel Corporation appro-
steel town. Looking to right or left, you priated $10,000,000 for the first year's work,
see a drift of smoke above the little trees; The rest is almost automatic It may take
a water-tank protrudes. The broad whit- ^O"' or ^ve, and cost seventy-five million,
ish splotch of sand against the green over or a hundred, but those details are unim-
there is where they are straightening a portant

bend of the river. Farther down, they are This creation of a city by an act of au-
digging a canal to connect a river and lake, tocratic will is very fascinating. Many
Soon ore-laden steamers wUl be coming by great monarchs have tried it— some quite
canal and river to the docks which will successfully. Latterly big corporations have
arise under your feet These aimlcss-look- done it— sometimes with a considerable
ing rows of stone pillars are the foundation measure of success. Gary, being the crea-
of a machine-shop. tion ^f ^^ biggest corporation, will natur-

It looks exceedingly raw and hetcrogen- ally be the biggest company-made town,
eous as yet The row of rou^ pine shan- Its location is economically good. There
ties along either hillockcd edge of Broad- » no longer any particular reason why steel
way might be mistaken for the town— should be made in Pittsburg, except that
shanties with rude signs, disproportionately there was such a reason long ago; hence a
large, announcing lodgings, meals, soft ^ast capital is invested in plants there. Ore
drinks, gent's furnishings. But they will "*wst be brought down the lakes by boats,
disappear with the newly-painted freight then shipped in by rail Coal and coke
car which is now the raihroad station. The n^ust also be shipped in. Lying in the
city of Gary is really here, all about you; mountains with heavy grades, it has no nat-
some seven thousand acres of it. Every ^''a^ advanUges as a distributing point for
axe is swung in these woods, every spade products. Gary will get ore, with a shorter
plied, every furrow turned exactly accord- *^^"^ ^»^«^^ ^^^"^ ^« ^^^^' *"^ '* ^'^ '"
ing to the plan that was adopted months ^^ ^'« ^^^^^^ east-and-west railway

ago. The colossal force that has been so f^^^^' ,^^ °"^°^ ^°".^?^ ,Y ^ ^^

, ^- - .. J, , , ,, best and most modem, with all approved

abruptly and dispersedly loosened upon the , . - . - ^. ,,«

, , .,,.,•• devices for economical operation. When

waste dwarf country was all thoughtfully ^^ ^j^^ .^ ^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^jlj l^^„^,^ g^,

prearranged. One day several gentlemen ^m^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ t„^ ^^t
sitting in a snug room at 71 Broadway, ^ome two million tons of steel-all to the
New York, decided that the largest, best- jj^st advantage. But I suppose nobody ex-
equipped steel plant in the world should ^ept a stockholder in the United States
forthwith be built, with a town around it. steel Corporation is really interested in
They put a finger on the map at the toe of that, since cheaper production means only
Lake Michigan, saying, "It will be here; larger dividends. ^ j

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808 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

It would be rather absurd to doubt that in such cases, requiring the purchaser to

Gary will be a success for the Steel Cor- build within a specified time, and prohibit-

poration. It will be a town in which large ing the use of the premises for obnoxious

quantities of pig-iron, blooms* billets, spie- purposes.

geleisen, skelp, rails, beams, angles and bars ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^p^ ^^^^.
will be produced economically, all of which j^^ ^ ^ prearranged plan, Gary will have
will be duly set forth for stockholders in j^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^
the annual statements and for industria ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ pjp^^ ^,^^^j^ ^^^^
students in the census reports. Also it will ^^ telephone wires and the like will be
be a place in which fifty to one hundred constructed and laid in advance of the act-
thousand human beings will live. Probably ^^j ^^^^ ^^^ them-thus avoiding the tur-
one must wait to see how they live before ^^j, ^^^ commonly happens when a city
he can answer very conclusively as to ^^^^^ ^£ j^g^j^

whether the town is a success or a failure. . . . , . . ^,

After meetmg some basic prescriptions as

On this human side the plan shows a to size and cost, each lot-owner may build
hopeful improvement over some other com- according to his own taste and fancy. The
pany-made towns. Politically, Gary will basic prescriptions will impose a certain
govern itself like any other American town uniformity upon the different sections of
—that gets the chance. The Corporation, I the town. That is, a man will not be pcr-
am informed, has almost decided to go the mitted to build a thousand-dollar house in
length of letting the inhabitants of Gary de- the ten-thousand-dollar section. This ought
termine for themselves whether or not they to help admirably in the important matter-
want saloons— just like plain American citi- often so difficult in our democratic towns
ens. This is encouraging. When I hear, __of settling the social lines. I understand
concerning an industrial town, that the em- the general idea is to have the most costly
ploying corporation is going to take the houses to the east, so the sun will shine on
moral welfare of the population firmly in them first

hand, I always feel exceedingly dubious. ^he great steel plant will be built be-
lt seems to me it would be so much more ^^^^„ ^^^ ^^^^ ^j^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^,^^^^ ^j^.
practical if it would insure steady wages ^^^ ^^-^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^1^^^^ ^^^
and give them good houses to live in. A ^^^^ ^„j ^^3^^ ^he rest of the town will
cursory inspection of South Chicagc^a few ^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ river-with four or fi^e
miles away-where this same corporation ^^^^^^ ^-^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^ ,^^^j„^
employs a considerable population, con- j^^^ ^^3 ^^ ^^^ ^ary a really attractive
vinces me that it might find ways of exert- pj^^e to live in-certainly a startling nov-
ing itself in their employes' behalf which ^^^ ^^^ ^ 3^^^, ^^^„ p^^pj^ jj^^ ^^^^ ^^
would be less complicated than seeing to g^^^h Chicago mills because they have to.
their moral welfare-althoug^, on the whole, ji^^^e, as in other steel towns, well-paid
not so inexpensive. Personally, I should not employes of the company usually reside as
like to have my morals taken care of, even ^^^ 33 p^33j,^,c f^om the plant; m fact, a
by a United States Steel Corporation. ^3^.3 financial, ability may be gauged by

The Steel Corporation owns the Indiana the distance he puts between his home and
Steel Company, which owns the Gary the mills. They expect to change this in
Land Company, which owns the town. But Gary, and to create a city that a man will
these devices are merely for legal purposes, deliberately live in even when he has plenty
The plan contemplates no graft to insiders of money to live somewhere else. This,
in the way of land speculations, nor even certainly, is a splendid idea — mostly be-
much of a profit to the corporation on that cause it must obviously make Gary a better
side. The Land Company, I am told, sells place of residence for the far greater num-
lots about at cost for dwellings and stores, ber who haven't money enough to live away
In the first month it sold $250,000 worth of from the place where they work.

them. The deeds contain restrictions, usual In addition to selling lolsr Ae^ company

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 309

will build bouses to be rented and sold to tion, the Standard Oil Company, made and
employes. They will be very good houses, maintains. Verdure mostly disappears. The
too; suited to various incomes. At this air smells as though somebody had upset a
writing contracts have been let for 297 titanic kerosene lamp. It is hung with a
dwellings — ^just a beginning. Also contract dense and impleasant smoke. Many acres
has been let for a twenty-five-room school, of bare and cindery ground are set thick
and a temporary school building is under with enormous hat boxes made of iron and
way, for there are already many children in painted red. The hat boxes hold many mil-
this great camp. C O. Holmes, well rec- lion gallons of oil. Oil is refined at Whit-
ommended, has been elected president of ing; but nothing else is.
Ae board of education, and speaks en- Following the fence which incloses the
thusiastically about having the model public „,a,^oth plant, you finally come to a hud-
school system of the country. There is a ^^ ^f ^^ ^^ ^-^ ^^ brick buildings
vast amount of energy in this plan; it ^^^^ numberless chimneys from which roUs
moves in numberless places at once. WhUe ^^^^ ^ ^lack and thick that it looks pon-
the proprietor of the "gents' furnishing ^^^^ y^^ ^^^„ ^^at it doesn't tip the
store" was tacking up the sign on his rude chimneys over. No money has been wasted
shacks, architects were completing the de- on^merc scenery. The gates are exceed-
sign for a "nobby" First National Bank j^^jy j-^p,^ structures of wood, with plain
building to occupy the site. ^j^^ j„ ,^d i^^„^ The signs are not for

The town is named after Elbert H. Gary, the purpose of satisfying an idle curiosity,
who was a modest railroad attorney in Chi- however. They say, "Private Property ;
cago a few years ago. I don't mean that No Trespassing." The gateman is good-
he personally is any less modest than he natured, but his command of English is
used to be, but his job is. He came within limited. He replies to an inquiry concem-
the ken of John W. Gates, and did the legal ing your course by smiling, nodding and
work in connection with forming the Fed- waving his arms in the general direction
eral Steel Company. That brought him away from the works. Whatever your des-
within the ken of J. P. Morgan, who liked tination that is the way for you to go.
him ,and made him president of the com- Accepting the gateman's genial assurance
pany-to the surprise of many, including j^ j^is respect, you turn from the works
some who would have been willing to take ^^^ f^^e a waste plot with some switch
the position themselves. He is now chair- ^^acks running over it. The weeds have
man of the board of directors of the Uni- ^n unhealthy look. The ground is pretty
ted States Steel Corporation. When the ^^^ Yovl have to skirt puddles. This
corporation decided upon the town it need- pi^j ^ f^ont of the great plant, overhung
ed a builder, so it took up an Indiana law- ^y jjg smoke-pall, seems quite useless save
ycr, known only to local fame, A. F. Knotts for the railroad tracks. But it is not Over
by name, and put him in the place. 3^ ^^ ^ight is a low, irregular, sandy ridge.

The builders of Gary are attacking the Th^^ jg the cemetery. Wooden crosses and
problem of an mdustrial town with admir- ^^^n headstones stick up out of the black-
able vigor and enthusiasm. The problem, ^n^^j^ sickly-lookmg weeds which arc the
however, is a rather difficult one. It has ^niy verdure. Misdirected hope set a shrub
been undertaken, from several angles, in Reside one of the headstones, and two pale
this same vicinity. leaves still cling to its otherwise bare, black

For example, if you should walk north sticks. Some of the crosses tilt, and head-
and westerly a few miles from Gary— cross- stones have fallen down. The names on
ing a lower, flatter country, with poor littie the crosses are foreign, mostly Slavonic-
pines, like a long left-over, badly-damaged so why should anybody bother? Here— you
and forgotten Christmas-tree stock, in place almost stumbled over it in the weeds — is a
of the scrub oaks — ^you would come to tiny stone with a lamb roughly carved upon
Whiting, which that other great corpora- it Probably somebody has stfBtiJb^^^^t

810 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

has been loosened and stands askew. The meets the demand, simply and wiemotion-

baby's name is immaterial. ally, as it does everything else— weighing

Whiting is a splendid town — a gceat in- out just exactly what is necessary to a pen-
dustrial success. The plant is probably the nyweight, and no more,
largest in the world, and the most efficient jts labor policy is regulated by the same
Its capacity, I believe, is eight million bar- fine scales. It is said that the Standard
rels a year. Beneath this desolate groimd never recognized a union imtil the recent
run large iron pipes that extend even to the strike at Whiting forced its hand— at a
oil fields of Ohio, Indiana and the West juncture when much other trouble threat-
Streams of petroleum flow in through the ened. This, however, is not quite true. It
pipes sluggishly and endlessly— as endlessly has recogniied teamsters' unions and
as the long lines of tank cars containing signed contracts with them— when it had
the refined product move out It is most to; not before. Labor agitators, as a rule,
remarkable and admirable. The refining have found it pretty barren groimd, how-
cost is remarkably and admirably low. ever. The plant, lying apart, in its own
This is what the Standard Oil Company town, is very favorable for the development
built the town for, and it answers its pur- of an able system of espionage. If labor
pose magnificently. agitation started up, the company soon

Morals are as infinitely remote from the knew it, and discouraged it But it has

scope of the plan as aesthetics or humanity, been more intelligent than merely to dis-

Beer signs greet one numerously. Dismal charge employes who seemed to be getting

rows of frame shanties, also built by the agitated. It has always, I believe, paid the

Standard, do not delight the eye. They fair going wage; sometimes, when the air

were not meant to. Cinders do not make a appeared to be getting disturbed, it has

decorative door-yard; but they are cheap paid a little over the going wage — always,

and lasting. There are no false pretenses you understand, just exactly as much as

here; no cheap plays to sentiment, nor ex- seemed necessary to get the best results,

pensive ones either. Thus, probably, it has had less trouble from

The town answers its purpose. It con- ^^^^ unions than any other so large em-
tains some 4000 inhabitants. Other indus- ployer.

trial towns exploit themselves; talk loudly Recently, at Whiting, it made a small
about their advantages; even invite you to tactical error; it weighed out an otmce and
buy choice comer lots at a bargain. Not a half too little. The engineers and the
so Whiting. It does not figure solicitously others were dissatisfied. They were get-
in the real-estate columns. It asks, simply ting twenty-two and one-half and twenty-
and coldly, to be let alone, and go on re- five cents an hour, and wanted twenty-five
fining petroleum. and twenty-eight cents. For once the com-

Although it is the site of an immense and pany misjudged. The men were really

highly flourishmg industry, the town has a more dissatisfied than it thought— so much

forlorn and unprosperous appearance. Ex- so that some able labor agitators from Chi-

cept for a main street, the thoroughfares cago slipped in and got them organized in

are generally unpaved. Unpleasant alleys no time.

slope away here and there to dark-com- The company, with its general dislike for

plexioned puddles. A good many business unions, discharged nine men— and instantly

buildings are empty. found itself with a strike on its hands. For

Of course, there are, away from the once its marvelous scale had weighed
works, some very good streets, with grass wrong. It decidedly did not want a strike
plots, vines and shrubbery before the mod- on its hands — ^to go along with the rebate
est, but not uninviting, frame houses. These indictments and so on. But even in this
houses also were built by the company, jtmcture there was no recklessness, no prof-
Employes able to produce the price would ligacy. It gave just exactly as much as

demand these things, and the company was necessary, and no more.(^It recognized

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 311

the union, reinstated seven of the dis- once sent some dozen napkins out of town
charged men, agreed to consider the cases to be laimdered. Whereupon appeared Mr.
of the other two, and to take up the wage Pullman's town-agent, in a state of strong
question later. It gave way, but in no fool- indignation, demanding to know the hotel-
ish panic. Whiting is undoubtedly a great keeper's warrant and authority for sendmg
success— for the company. Pulhnan linen elsewhere than to Pulhnan

Only a few miles from Whiting, in the laundry. Then followed a mighty contro-
direction opposite to Gary, stands another versy between hotel-keeper and town-agent,
company-made town— Pulhnan, an emana- which finally issued in formal complaint by
tion of the will of the sleeping-car mag- town-agent against hotel-keeper and formal
nate. It is as different from Whiting as protest and defense by hotel-keeper, all
George M. Pullman was different from duly reduced to writing and submitted to
Standard Oil. For this town was a com- George M. Pullman. That was the system,
plete expression of the man who created The town, at the southern skirts of Chi-
it He himself so regarded it and it was cago, was a famous show-place. Travelers
the apple of his eye— for a good while. went to see it as much as to the stock-

George M. Pullman was a philanthropist, yards; admired its grass plots, fine build-
I ought to put the word in quotation marks, ings, waterworks, gas system ; above all,
for I use it in the sense that the newspapers, admired its air of good order ; thought it a
especially in obituary notices, have given it, kind of industrial paradise. Mr. Pullman
rather than with the meaning that the die- himself honestly admired it; sincerely be-
tionary gives. But putting it in quotation lieved, I am sure, that he deserved the
marks would make it look derisive, and gratitude of its inhabitants, whom he em*
that would be unfair. Probably Pulhnan's ployed and for whom he had philanthro|>.
own faith in his own philanthropy never ically provided so many blessings in the
wavered— even when other people's faith in way of shrubbery, architecture, waterworics
it went all to pieces. and the like.

You know how a sleeping-car looks— or Then came the great strike of 1894, and
how one used to look until recently, when sadly changed the fair fame of Pulhnan—
they have taken to building them to look to the honest grief of its founder. The
like a car. "A palace on wheels" was the strike was an exceeding simple affair,
old idea. Well, Pullman, Illmois, looked Times were bad. There wasn't much work
just that way. At the city gates you could for the big plant. By November 1, 1893,
fairly hear it saying: "Ain't I Elegant?" Mr. Pulhnan's car shops had "laid off"
But, after all the sleeping-car was very well some 4500 inhabitants of Mr. Pulhnan's
built— so was the town. The streets were model town. They could still walk over
spacious; those in the foreground were the good paving, enjoy the grass plots and
parked and ornamented with trees and look at the opera house; but their income
shrubbery. Even on the back streets, for ceased.

aU the monotony of the dull brick tene- Mr. Pullman himself realized that this
ments, one saw that the sidewalks were in was a serwus drawback to life in his town,
repair, the houses solid and weather-proof, and very honestly set himself to remedying
Mr. Pulhnan built a first-class hotel, an it in so far as he could without its costing
opera house, an arcade, a church. him much. He shut down his Detroit

Looking after the moral welfare of the shops, takii^ the work which might have
population did not daunt him. He consid- supported some thousands of Detroit fam-
ered it his duty and undertook it strictly, ilies and giving it to the inhabitants of
He was the town. Through his sleeping- Pullman— Michigan being outside the
car company he owned it, and governed it sphere of influence of his philanthropy. But
by a feudal sort of system which, also, ex- more was needed. He saw, as he carefully
pressed the man. It is related that Mr. explained, that, m order to get car-build-
Pullman's hotel-keeper, in an emergency, ing contracts, low prices must be^quoted.

812 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Of course, cars cannot be buiH for low ical. Said he: "Mr. Pullman, we want

prices except with low wages. According more pay/'

to the compan/s official statement, car- The sleeping-car magnate was a short

shop wages at Pullman that winter were and chubby man, but full of dignity. He

reduced an average of nineteen per cent, fixed the committee with his round, blue

and the average wage paid to a journey- eyes and rephed, very deliberately:

man mechanic was $2.03 a day. "js there a man here who, knowing that

The men objected to these statistics, we took the 200 cars we are now working
pointing out that with the reduction they on at a loss of $12 a car, would say that
were put on "piece work," getting so much he wants more pay?"
an hour, and employment was far from After that clinching shot the spokesman
steady, so that the actual average income could only scratch his distracted head, and
was nearer a dollar a day. Many specific the committee silently departed. Three of
instances were cited covering the 130 days its members were "laid ofif," and the men
from January 1 to May 10— for example; struck. That is, 2000 of them struck, the
trimmer, worked 79 days, earned $104.68, other 800 decided to keep at work. But as
paid company $21 rent, owed $54, had wife the company could do nothing worth men-
and children; repairer, worked 88" days, tioning with only 800 men, it turned them
earned $114.40, paid $66 rent, had wife and out, too, and shut the shops. Times were
children. At any rate there is no question dismal indeed in the model town that sum-
whatever that there was much misery in mer.

Pullman that winter and spring of 1894. In Qf course, Mr. Pullman's position was

May, the men formally presented griev- unassailable. It was highly absurd to ex-

ances— chiefly that they weren't making pect the company to lower rents when it

enough to live on. They wanted the wages was earning only 3.82 per cent net upon the

of the year before restored. They com- capital invested in the houses and improve-

plained some that rents they paid the com- ments. On the other hand, Mr. Pullman's

pany for tenements in Pulhnan were higher inhabitants were earning nothing whatever

than rents outside the town. net His company was not paying them

Mr. Pulhnan met them himself, with a enough wages to cover their operating ex-
prepared statement which covered every inch penses. It is a situation, unfortunately, all
of the ground. He showed from the books *^ ^^^^ known to economics and philan-
that, in order to give them work, the com- thropy. Capital absolutely must earn some-
pany was taking contracts at no profit *h*"8 ^^^' ^^ cannot starve. Men can. It
whatever; even in some cases at an actual w<^"^<^ ^« » very unreasonable workman
loss. As to rents, he showed, also from ^^^ ^°"'^ ^^^ ^^^ company to raise wages
the books, that the company's net return ^^^^^ ^"°^f « ^^^^ '^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^«"8:

upon the capital invested m the houses and "^^^^^.^^ 'Jl^ ^^"^^^^*^- ^^^ '"^^ ''^"^ *^

, «o„ X A J bave felt this. Yet the wages were not

unprovements was only 3.82 per cent. And . - . j .. • ^ ... i.

.- J . . «T. .« . .M . , enough for them and their famuies to live

he added: It will be readily understood -^ u* u u i ^ v

^, ^ , . r • . . on— m which case, why work? You see, it

that there is no room for reduction under « « j ^jr n j-o: i-. ui n

. . „ ,^ ,. , was a dreadfully difficult problem all

these arcumstances." If rents were a little -.-Qyj.j

higher in Pullman, the accommodations / ,

were superior. So. after all. the men were j!! ** annual report to stockholders. Mr

paying for the good sidewalks, stout roofs P""™"" f owed *»' Ae company's actual

and model water and gas systems which '°^'! °" ** ~"*"''*' *** " '^^J^ ""^

visitors so much admired. to keep the shops open was $50,000. The

company s total earnings that year were

Mr. Pullman's long statement, right from $9,595,067. So the loss that it suffered in

the books, fairly floored the grievance com- its benevolent effort to keep the town go-

mittee. Only one of them could think of ing was about one-half of one per cent.

anything to say, and that was utterly illog- The same statement shows that the average

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 313

reduction of wages was nineteen per cent man employes owned homes, partly paid
That is^ as a cold mathematical proposition, for, and the Pullman bank held savings de-
in the struggle to keep the town going the posits— in fair part of the clerical and ex-
burden that fell on the men was thirty-eight ecutive staffs— amounting to $356,362. This,
times as heavy as the burden that fell on then, was the net surplus of the men, and it
the company— and they were hardly as well was somewhat depleted before the strike
able to stand it For after meeting the loss was over. On the same day the net surplus
imposed by its benevolence that year, and of the company was $28,112,060— which was
paying all expenses and charges, the com- not at all depleted, but steadily grew. The
pany still earned, net and clear, $5,200,417, contrast was too gross. Just a few per cent
or 14.4 per cent on its capital. This is why, from this net surplus would have so mate-
when relief committees were carrying po- rially assisted inhabitants to make the dis-
tatoes and bread to women and children in tracting adjustment between company's rent
Pullman tenements, an illogical public and company's wages,
pretty generally said that the model town The pleasing industrial paradise concept
was a fraud. was hopelessly shattered. Pulhnan is now

It was the benevolent, paternal, industrial- simply a spot in the City of Chicago. The
paradise idea that brought reproach upon Company no longer wishes to govern it,
Mr. Pullman. The things that happened in paternally or otherwise, nor does the com-
his town were happening more or less in pany, I believe, any longer especially en-
plenty of other places, and people accepted courage tourists to go out and admire the
them helplessly as a bad-times visitation of grass plots and the plumbing.
Providence. But the notion had always I hardly expect to see a terrestrial para-
been held forth that Pullman was built and dise at Gary, but I believe it will be an im-
conducted with a vigilant and fatherly eye provement upon Whiting, which does not
to the well-being of the workmen. This concern itself with being a success for any-
notion had been expressed in its paternal body except the company, and that it will
government have good grass plots like Pullman without

July 31, 1894, according to the annual re- making the mistake of being paternal in

port, between five and six hundred Pull- everything except bread and butter,

Switched By A Landslide.

"After comin* aroun' the bend in Collins was in March, *n* gentle spring was already

Cut," said the fat engineer, "I just glanced spreadin' her velvet touch over the land,

back to see that the markers, those little "We had had a dtal of snow that winter,

red and green, tail lights which mark the V now that it was commencin' to thaw out

end of a train, were there all right I the stuff was makin' quite a little trouble

leaned 'way out of the cab window 'n* for the management, slidin* aroun' the

counted the sleepers as they swept aroun' tracks from the mountain side, sometimes

the curve. bringin' a piece of hill with it.

"Yes, there they came all right, bumin' "As I glanced back along the sides of the

like bright little emeralds 'n* I knew my glistenin' coaches I was attracted by a glare

'tram was all together 'n' followin' me safe- along the rails behind my train, 'n* in an-

ly down the hill other second a headlight flashed aroun' the

"The night I am speakm' of I was run- curve out of the cut in our wake, makin'

nin' the Sunrise Limited, as the fast East- very fast time. Even a blind baggage car

em express on our road was called. It could see that one of th^ engines m the

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314 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

yards at the top of the mountain had sli{»ped hysterically wavin' his green lantern at me.
her throttle 'n' was rurniin' away, chasin' Durin' the thaw the road had several watch-
us down the mountain. men stationed at intervals down the moun-

"I was some set hack for a second, hut tain to watch for landslides 'n' warn ap-
the only thing for me to do was to turn proachin' trains. Evidently there was a
on a full head of steam V make the best dangerous spot in the track that the watch-
time I could, which wasn't the safest thing man had discovered 'n' he was signallin' me
in the world to do, as we generally hold to come ahead with extreme caution,
'em pretty steady comin' down the moun- "I sure was up against the real thing
tain ; but I must show a clean brace of tail- now. A wildcat engine pressin' me hard
lights to the runaway. on the rear flank 'n' a dangerous piece of

"She wasn't quite a (quarter of a mile be- track ahead. This was a case where the
hind us, 'n' looked like a fiery comet comin' rule book failed to help one out.
down the rails, as her firebox door was "Take a safe course 'n' nm no risks,'
open, 'n' with every exhaust of the engine says the railroad Hoyle in chilly black dou-
the flare from her furnace lit up the sky. ble face type. Which was the safe course
My engine bounded forward under a wide for me?

open throttle n' our race for the lives of '1 did some quick mental calculatin' 'n'
those in the rear sleepers was on. concluded to keep a full head of steam \sp,

"Notwithstandin' the weight of the train I've read in newspapers about trains beatin'
behind me, which should give me a little their way through slight landslides 'n' there
advantage over the light engine comin' was a show for me to cut through it if there
down the hill, we didn't seem to be able to was one ahead.

shake her off. An' each time I trusted my- "But if I stopped my train that engine
self to glance back at her she seemed to be behind would be half through those sle^in'
crawlin' up on us a little. cars, killin' 'n' maimin' the snoozin' pas-

"If I could keep a few yards of moon- sengers. It would be safer for me person-
light between the pitet of the wildcat 'n' ally to slow down, but I was not so selfish
my rear car until we got down the moun- as to consider my personal safety,
tain 'n* started up the Razorback on the "So we bounced along by the frightened
other side, I could drop my engine down watchman with speed not a whit diminished
'n' leave the runaway behin', as by that time I fairly stopped breathin' as we whirled
she would be out of steam 'n' lay down like down through the Holler. Just beyond the
a runaway horse which has shot its bolt watchman's shanty I felt a trembUn' of the
But I wouldn't bet more 'n fifty B. R. T. track 'n' my engine keeled badly,
rebate checks to a rag doll that we would '1 clung to the cab, expectin' every sec-
beat her down. ond we would slide down the bank. But

"However, we had a fightin' chance 'n' we kept the rails. We had barely passed
the way I pounded my good old engine sent the shanty when there was a rumblin' sound
the hot coals out of the stack. I was gettin' 'n' I saw the little watchman's cabin swirl-
a little nervous, as that light engine hung in' down the bank.

onto our trail like a bicycle cop after a 'The heavy weight of our train at its
speedin' auto. terrific speed had caused the tracks to give

"Comin' aroun' through Rocky Holler I way *n' slide out just in time to take the
got several chills down my spine as the runaway engine with it 'n' we were out of
watchman down by the little shanty was our bad mess."— JVew York Sun.

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ThU I>«i»rtm«Bt U op«a to »U wonMB fri«n4i of tlM BroClMrhood.

Atlanta, Ga.

Atlanta Lodge No. 880, L. A. to 6. of R. T.,
has already b^un to make arrangements to help
the brothers entertain the visitors who will come
to Atlanta to attend the Convention that will
meet here in May, 1007. Any sister who desires
to attend this Convention can obtain information
as to rates of board and lodging from our Secre-
tary, Mrs. Ella Hamilton, 108 Oakland avenue.

We find that you can get nice lodging from fifty
cents to one dollar per night; also board and lodg-
ing from $1.50 on up. These places are within
three to five blocks of the Grand Opera House,
where the Convention is to be held.

We will have committees to meet all trains and
assist every one in any way we can.

This is a grand opportunity to visit the Gate
City, and we earnestly hope that every one/ con-
nected with the Brotherhood will become enthusi-
astic and make a special effort to visit us at this
time. We assure you a good time and a hearty
welcome.

Gkaoe Faulconu,

Chairman.

LiLLIB WSLLS,

Lbna Bridgbs,
EuRBKB Adams,
MxNNXB Davis.

Committee.

A Toast To The Engineer.

Here's to the hero, the brave engineer.

With an eye like an eagle's, a mind broad and

clear;
With a grip as of iron, as steady as steel.
With a hand on the throttle, come woe or come

weaL
Daylight or darkness no difference make,
His train to the end of the run he must tske.
His orders carefully must be obeyed,
And on schedule time the run must be made.
He may be weary and longing for sleep
But men's lives are at stake and awake he must

keep,
For danger is lurking behind and ahead.
And one signal unseen or one message unread
May mean the destruction of train and of crew.
So his hand must be steady, his heart must be

true,
W» eyesight unerring, in dazzling sunlight.

In bUnding snow, or the dtrknett of night

His pathway with danger and hardship is fraught.

And sometimes his Isbor is all for naught.

But it's all in the life of the man of the rail

To labor and win or to labor and fail.

Here's to the man whose heart knows no fear —

Here's to the man — the brave engineer I

Miss Lyma M. Dunham,
Lehigh Tannery, Pa.

Now.

If you have hard work to do»

Do it now.
Today the sides are clear and blue^
Tomorrow clouda may come in view,
Yesterday is not for you;

Do it now.

If you have a song to sing,

Sing it now.
Let the tones of gladness ring
Dear as song of bird in spring.
Let every day some music bring;

Sing it now.

If you have kind words to say.

Say them now.
Tomorrow may not come your way.
Do a kindness while you may;
Loved ones will not always stay;

Say them now.

If you have a smile to show.

Show it now.
Make hearts happy, roses grow.
Let the friends around you know
The love you have before they go;

Show it now.
—Charles R, Skinntr, in New York Sun.

Dou You Ever Think?

Do you ever think of the man at the brake
When you reach your journey's end?

Do you ever grasp him by the hand
Or greet him as a friend?

Are your prayers for him at the fall of night

As the great train starts away?
Does your heart go out to him in thanks

When he brings you home at 4^r^r^r-i}r^

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316.

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

His wife tnd children he leaves behind

With a prayer to God on high;
And he takes his stand on top of the train

A hero to do or die.

All through the long hours he is working his head

As the iron steed q>eeds along;
Your safety depends on his vigilant eye

As he watches that naught goes wrong.

In the dead of the night the whistle tells

Of the watch he keeps so well.
Are your thoughts with him as he rushes by

And you hear his warning yell?

His clothing is rough and visage grim

But his heart beats big and true.
He asks no praise for the work he does.

But the thanks should come from you.

Then gratefully think of the man at the brake

And hail him a hero bold —
A plain man doing his duty well —

For love of it rather than gold.

BUTTINSKY Bos.

Dreams.

If the iceman should come to me some day.
While weighing out a piece at my back door,

\nd, dropping it upon the porch, should say:
"It was so cold last year and year before.
The crop is long and we have cut the price*' —
If he should just say that and lay the ice
On my back step and then drive on — ^but hushl
Such dreams as this are only silly gush.

Or if the butcher« wrapping up my steak.

Should say: "You know, the com crop was so
vast.

And feed so cheap, we're able now to make
A slight reduction in the price at last*' —
I say, if he should tell me that and take
Two cents a pound from last week's price of

steak,
I wonder if the shock — ^but pshaw t why spare
The time to build such castles in the air?

Or if the baker, doling out my bread.

Should put a penny back into my hand.
And say: "The world will be more cheaply fed,
• Since there is a large wheat crop in the land" —
I say, if he should voluntarily
Return a single penny unto me,
I wonder if I'd be — but. Heart, be still;
There is no possibility he willl

Or if my tailor, deftly siring me

For a new suit, should say: "You know that

sheep
Are multiplying fast and wool will be
In cloth upon the market very cheap" —
I say, if he should just say that and take
Five dollars from the price — well, then, I'd

wake
Right up and rub my sleepy eyes and laugh.
To think of tailors giving me such chaff.

I know that these are merely dreams — that ice
And meat and bread are going up — that crop

Or if my tailor, deftly siring me
There is no likelihood of any drop;
But my employer tells me he will give
Me higher wage — it costs so much to live —
So now I do not need to skimp and scratch —
My pipe is outl Has any one a match?

— /. W. FoUy.

The Old Howling Blizzard.

How dear to my heart is the fierce howling blia-
zard.
Which comes from the north like a wolf on the
fold.
Predicted by Foster or some other wizard.

The charger of snow and the demon of cold;
How sweet to be caught in iu grasp like a
feather.
And find yourself wrapped round a telegraph
pole;
Oh I how we adore, in this wild wintry weather.
This blizzard that comes when you're clear out
of coal —
This wild, whirling blizzard, the razor-edged
bUzzard,
The loud-howling blizzard fresh from the North
Pole. — Lincoln Journal,

Statement Of Claims.

Port Huron, Mich., March 1, 1907.
Previously paid $259,140.17

Paid Since Last Report.
Ml Mary Purcell, Jersey City, N. J. 600.00

Totol $269,640.17

Died Since Last Report.

Eva Hubbell, of Lodge No. 171, died February
4, 1907.

Margaret McHenzey, of Lodge No. 822, died
November, 1906.

Florence Shellenberger, of Lodge No. 142, died
December 16, 1906.

Nellie Guthrie, of Lodge No. 284, died February
11, 1907.

Emma Morrissey, of Lodge No. 219, died Janu-
ary 17, 1907.

Mary O'Shea, of Lodge No. 46, died January
26, 1907.

Katherine Fitzgerald, of Lodge No. 76, died
February 4, 1907.

Margaret O'Dea, of Lodge No. 69, died Febru-
ary 7. 1907.

Mayme Freeland, of Lodge No. 829, died Feb-
ruary 14* 1907.

Amelia Gordon, of Lodge No. 880, died Febru-
ary 10, 1907.

Mary Newcomer, of Lodge No. 16, died Febru-
ary 16, 1907.

Lettie Morganstein, of Lodge No. 880, died
February 2. 1967.

Amt a. Downing, t
Digitized IG. S. an#^.lC

TRABSf RULES

^KINDRED SUBdECTS

Send all inqoiries to H. A. Dalby, Naugatnck, Conn.

Rules For Movement By Train Order.

Rule 201.— For movements not provided
for by time-table, train orders will be issued
by authority and over the signature of the
, They must contain neither inform-
ation nor instructions not essential to such
movements.

They must be brief and clear ; in the pre-
scribed forms when applicable; and with-
out erasure, alteration or interlineation.

This rule is the same in both the old
Code and the new. It should be noted that
train orders are to be used only for the
movements of trains, not for instructions
relative to their work nor for any other
purpose than that indicated in the rule. The
original intention in the use of train orders
was to provide for movements of trains as
related to each other, altho they are fre-
quently used for slow orders, notification of
obstructions to the track and other matters
relating to the safety of trains while pass-
ing over the road. Messages or bulletins
would answer the purpose of these latter
instructions quite as well but the object in
putting them in the form of a train order
is that they may partake of the safeguards
provided for their handling and delivery,
such as repeating, obtaining "complete,"
etc, the train being held by the train order
signal, and, if on the 81 form, the signature
of the conductor and possibly the engine-
man is taken as a receipt. This is not ex-
actly a violation of the object of the train
order although it may be carried to excess
and be used for purposes which should be
accomplished by ordinary telegrams. Train
orders have, in times pas^ been used for in-

structions to pick up cars, etc, but this is
all wrong, as it tends to lessen the import-
ance of the train order for its own proper
use. Probably this practice is extinct at
this time, as it should be, but the writer has
known several places where it has been mis-
used in this way. The train order is "for
movements not provided for by time-table,"
as the rule distinctly states.

"Train orders will be issued by author-
ity and over the signature of ' the offcer in
charge of train movements, whoever that
may be. Taking every road collectively
they are probably about evenly divided in
this matter, some using the name of the
superintendent, some the train master and
others the chief dispatcher. Occasionally
it is the name of the assistant superintend-
ent or superintendent of transportation. But
a strangely inconsistent fact in this connec-
tion is that the person whose name appears
on the order knows nothing of its exist-
ence, never personally authorizes it, and in
many cases could not sit down to the desk
and do the work if called upon. The train
dispatcher is the man who arranges the
movement without aid or direction from
any one, is held entirely responsible for the
safe and prompt movement of traffic over
his division, and bears all the criticism and
censure in case the results are not satis-
factory. Yet we know of but one road in
America, and that not in the United States,
where he signs his own name to the instruc-
tions he issues. On some roads his own
initials appear in connection with the "O.

K." or "G>mplete" but on (i^^ large number
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318 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the man who directs these affairs is entirely will prevent any possible damage to person
unknown to those to whom his instructions or property.

come. Train orders "must be brief and clear;

Usually the name which is signed to »n the prescribed forms when applicable."
train orders i«)pears also on all telegrams These are two very essential characteristics
and communications having reference to o^ a train order. They must be brief enough
the work of the trains, handling and dis- ^ that they do not contain unnecessary
tribution of cars, etc, and to this officer words or information, but must not be so
must be addressed all communications from brief as to leave doubt as to what they
trainmen and others having reference to mean. This latter tendency is greater than
this department of the work. Generally that of making them too voluminous. The
speaking, this work is performed by the questions that are frequentiy asked by train
chief dispatcher, who is the working head and enginemen with regard to orders they
of the division; that is, he is in direct have received reveal the fact that in many
charge of the movement of the traffic, or- cases a few more words would make the
dering the trains, the crews and the motive order so clear that the question need not
power, authorizing the tonnage for freight have been asked. They should also be in
trains and the equipment of passenger the prescribed forms or in some adaptation
trains, distributing cars, etc., just as the of the form which is clearly covered by the
dispatcher is in charge of gettmg the train example given in the rules. In former years
over the road after it is made up and ready there have been many cases where this ndc
to move. Sometimes, like the dispatcher, was habitually disregarded because, it was
he is requh-ed to sign another man's name claimed, the authorized forms did not pro-
to his own mstructions, bears the blame if vide for certain situations. Possibly that
things are not properly managed and, if not was true to some extent, but the rules of
capable of assuming such responsibility, the present day furnish forms and examples
is retired and another put in his place. A ^^r practically every ordinary movement
pleasing feature in this connection is that and it is seldom necessary to go beyond
the name of the chief dispatcher is used on these in issuing train orders. We have al-
many roads for the mstructions he him- ways tried to impress upon the dispatchers
self gives, but the dispatchers also use it and others that when we get outside of the
for the orders they issue, while as a mat- Prescribed forms we have no authorized ex-
tcr of fact the chief has but little, if any, Planation of them and while it is, of course,
more to do with the dispatcher's orders the duty of those receiving them to inter-
than the superintendent or the general man- P^et them according to fixed prmciples and
agcr. So far as the men on the train are according to good, common sense, yet if an
concerned, however, they are required to ^^^^er is issued which is not according to
respect all instructions signed in the usual the prescribed forms we simply take chances
way, whether in the form of train order <>» the way it will be understood, and if it
or message. They would be required to » not understood properly the one who
observe verbal instructions if such were issues it is largely, if not entirely, respon-
offered and the safety of the tram were sible for the results,
concerned. Verbal instructions should never They must also be "without erasure, al-
bc accepted, however, to confer any rights teration or interlineation." It should be a
or to relieve them in any degree from du- clear, plain copy, with nothing scratched out
ties required by the rules or by any pre- or erased, no words inserted or altered in
vious written instructions. Rule 106 should any way. There should be no characters
always be kept in mind, and should inform- which do not belong to the reading of the
ation come to a train, in any form, which order, such as parenthesis, brackets or cir-
may involve the safety of its movement, cles around figures. There should, in fact, be
it would be the duty of those in charge to no punctuation tmless it is necessary and
respect the same and take such measures as then it should be °^ad^. ve^^l^^i^i^^^f^

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 819

it cannot possibly be mistaken for anything could be sent at Hat same time to all con-
else. Punctuation is necessary* however, cemed. On this single order principle an
in some cases, so that the proper sense of elaborate system was built up, some parts of
the order may be apparent Usually the which possibly were» commendable, and
period, colon and comma are all that are doubtless there are some today who still
necessary, and these should be so plain as contend that the old single order system
to avoid any possible mistake. was the only way to nm trains. But it is now

Since the typewriter has come to be a well nigh extinct, if not entirely so, the
necessity in ahnost every business it has be- present system having grown rapidly into
come a question whether it is safe or prac- f*vor since the coming of the Standard
tciable to use it for train orders. If the Code.,

work is properly done it certainly makes a i^ an early editwn of the Code the
much plainer copy than if written by hand, rule Was somewhat different from the
but machine work of any kind is more or present form and it is possible that this old
less liable to error and if the operator rule may still be in existence on a few
strikes a wrong letter it produces a de- roads. It is numbered 451 and is as fol-
fective copy and one which, under the rules, lows: "Each order must be given' in the
should not be delivered or accepted. It is ^a^e words to all persons or trains directly
also forbidden to erase or alter a word or affected by it, so that each shall have a
a letter so it would appear that unless the duplicate of what is given to the others.-
order is turned out perfectly it cannot be ^ ^as changed to the present form for the
used, and in almost every case it would in- reason that it couW not be fulfilled in every
volve a loss of time to make a corrected case and there were certain forms of train
copy. Many roads require that when an orders authorized which did not carry out
order is to be re-written it must be sent di- the idea of giving each order in the same
rectly by the dispatcher and this would ^ords to all persons or trains directly
frequently cause a delay, not only to the affected by it For insUnce, m authorizing
train for which the order is intended but to the display of signals for a following sec-
others as well. Even with these objections, tion, if when the order is given to the first
however, the use of the typewriter is au- section it is not known what engine is
thorized on some roads, but we believe the to be on the second, both cannot get the
majority of officials discourage its use if order in the same words. There are other
they do not positively forbid it j„3^^^^ ^^e^^ ^j^ j^ true, so that the

Rule 202.— Each train order must be present form was adopted as one whose
given in the same words to all persons or provisions can be complied with and still
trams addressed. conform to other rules and to common

This rule was not changed by the re- practice. It is entirely possible to give the
vision of the Standard Code. It represents order in the same words to all persons ad-
the most important principle on which the ^^^^^ though perhaps not to all persons
Code was fomided the duplicate or double ^.^^j ^^^^^ ^ ^ ^^^^ movement
order system. The ongmal method of ^^^^ ^ .^^ ^

handlmg trams by telegraph mvohred the ^, _^ * .i. j. . t. x t

sending of two or more orders to accomp- *?^ ^"^ °^ ^ dispatcher, to vary from
lish each move. To make a meeting point, ^^ ^'^^^^ "^^ ^" ^"^^ occasions where,
an order was first sent to the superior train *^«^ ^ ^^^^'^ " Ttpt;iitd and ready for
and then another to the inferior. This was <ieJ»very to certain trains, an addition can
sometimes increased by a third or a fourth ^ ^^^ ^ ^« ^^y ^^^ some particular
order to the operator who was to hold the train without putting it on the copies de-
superior train and the operator at the meet- Hvered to other trains. While this may be
ing point, respectively. It seems this was convenient m some cases and may even be
practiced for years before it occurred to any perfectly safe, yet it is a violation of the
one that the same order in the same words rule and should be discouraged. Every

820 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

copy under the same number should be ex-, must be addressed to him and the operator

actly alike, no matter who holds them. must take a sufficient number of copies so

Rule 203.— Train orders will be num- that he may be supplied,

bered consecutively each day, beginning Rule 205. — Each train order must be

with No. at midnight written in full in a book provided for the

This rule is also alike in both the old purpose at the office of the : and with

and new Codes. On almost every dispatch- it recorded the names of those who have
er's district it is the practice simply to be- signed for the order; the time and the sig-
gin with Order No. 1 at midnight and con- nals which show when and from what
tinue throughout the day. There may be offices the order was repeated and the re-
certain conditions, however, which would spouses transmitted; and the train dis-
make this impracticable and occasionally we patch'er's initials. These records must be
find a district on which the numbers begin made at once and never from memory or
with 200 or even with a higher number to memoranda.

distinguish them from another series issued jjig revision makes no change in this

from the same office. It is sometimes the j^i^^ j^s object bemg merely to require a

practice, also, to number slow orders in complete record of all orders to be kept by

a higher series, keeping them in effect from jh^ dispatcher. The blank is usually filled

day to day as occasion may require. By by inserting the title of the officer in direct

this means they do not .conflict with regu- charge of train movements,

lar orders issued each day. l.-What is the only proper use of a train

Rule 204.— Train orders must be ad- ^^der? 2.— Have you known of its being

dressed to those who are to execute them, yg^^j f^^ ^^^^ purposes aside from train

naming the place at which each is to receive movements? 3.— Whose name is signed to

his copy. Those for a tram must be ad- tr^jn orders on your road? 4.— Does the

dressed to the conductor and engineman, dispatcher's name or initials appear on the

and also to any one who acts as a pilot, order? 5.— How would you act if notified

A copy for each person addressed must be verbally by the operator or other person

supplied by the operator. that there was a bad spot in the track or

Orders addressed to operators restricting that a heavy rain had made the track in bad

the movement of trains must be respected condition? 6.— What if told by the oper-

by conductors and enginemen the same as ator that no trains were near and it was

if addressed to them. not necessary to protect your train by flag-

We quote here the new form of this rule, ging? 7. — Do you know of any situations
It differs from the old rule only in the ad- that cannot be provided for by train order
dition of the second paragraph. This para- under the forms authorized? 8. — Are you
graph is taken from the explanation to accustomed to see on train orders any
Form J (holding order) and is meant par- characters not properly belonging to it, such
ticularly to apply to cases where an oper- as parenthesis, circles, etc.? 9. — Is it good
ator has orders to hold a certain train, as practice to use them? 10. — Are any type-
under that form, but it also has reference writers used for train orders on your road?
to the "middle order" so called, in which, 11.— What is your opinion as to their use?
when making a meeting point for two 12. — Do your officers permit them or for-
trains, the dispatcher sends the order to bid them? 13. — Do you know any road
the operator at the meeting point, it being using the single order system of train or-
his duty to see that the order is properly ders, either in whole or in part? 14. — ^Why
executed. The changed position in thei is it not in favor? 15. — Is Rule 202 on
Code not only places it where the classifica- your road the same as in the Standard
tion of the rules is more logical but also Code? 16. — Have you ever received an or-
invests it with additional meaning, as in- der which differed from copies of the same
dicated. number delivered to other trains? 17. — Is

When there is a pilot on a train the order this right? 18.— Do they use

• Digitized by ^

,teois§lre

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 321

order" on your road? 19.~Is it consid- however, a question which must be settled
ered a good thing? definitely by your own officers.

niTF^TTON^ The situation is one that should not hap-

yunMiuiMo. ^ ^ pen if the dispatcher can prevent it and it

156.--I receive Order No. 5 to C and ^ ^ prevented if No. 54 can be reached
E. engine 2 at A (which is a terminal sta- ^.^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^j^ ^H situa-
tion) : 'Engine 2 will run extra A to CJ I ^.^^^ ^^.^^ ^^^ jj^^j^ to raise a question
get to B, which is a junction, and the en- ^^ ^^ ^^^ authority of a train to proceed.
ginehastogobacktoAforrepairs. IgetOr- ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ i£ y^^ kn^w
der No. 6 to run extra B to A When I am ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^j j^^ 2 he
ready to go back to my tram at B, do I ^^^^^ ^^^^ specified them in the order, au-
need another order to go?"— H. B. C. thorizing No. 54 to run ahead of 1st No.

Answer.— You do need an order to run ^ ^^ j^^ ^^ gd No. 2, as he might wish,
the second time from A to B as you used ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^ ^^ question. If he
your first order to cover this distance the ^^^^^ afterward that there were to be two
first time. The real question is, do you need ^^^^^^ j^^ g^ould, if possible, have sent
another order to continue to C after you ^^^j^^^. ^^^^^ to No. 54 giving definite
arrive at B the second time? In answer to .^^^^^j^^g j^^ ^^ the time he sent the
this, our opinion is that you do not need ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^s to whether
such an order. You hold your first order ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ sections, he could have
and it has not been "fulfilled, superseded ^^^^ .^ ^^^^^ „^^^^ ^^ ^H 3^^tions of No.
or annulled." 2/' and it would not have been necessary to

157.— "Please answer the following ques- ^^^^ the order afterward. However,
tion under the Old Standard Code. 'No. 54 there is still a possibility that the matter
will run ahead of No. 2 until overtaken.' ^Qyi^j ^ork out as described in the ques-
No. 2 is a first-class train and No. 54 is ^^^^ ^^ f^j. this contingency you should
a second-class. No. 54 is overtaken at B by ^^^^ instructions from the proper officer.
No. 2, displaying signals for following sec- j£ y^^ have no such instructions you are
tion. Can No. 54 proceed ahead of 2d No. dimply left to your own judgment and we
2 on their order?"— W. think you should not be censured if you

ANSWER.-A situation of this kind is not made an effort to keep going, ahead of the
contemplated in the rules of either the old 2d section.

or new Code, so they do not furnish any 158.— "I have an order which I would like
answer to the question. They require that to have explained. We had Engine 569 and
each train concerned in a train order shall got an order to run extra from A to D
be mentioned individually and therefore with right over No. 55, which is a local
there is no provision made for cases where freight. When we arrived at C we get an-
trains may be taken collectively as in the other order saying that Engine 569 will
case of "No. 2" (composed of two sections) run extra C to B and return to C and will
in this order. It therefore remains for each meet extras 2312 and 2145 at B. Nothing
road to make its own ruling in regard to it, was said in this order about No. 66. We
and all the writer can do is to express his were delayed at B three hours for the two
own opinion as to how he thinks the ml- extras. After meeting them we started for
ing should be made. D agwnst No. 55 and found they had been

The object of the order is to help No. 54 waiting for us at that station 55 minutes,
(using the present example) as far as pos- Did we have a right to nm from B to D
tible ahead of No. 2 and our opinion is that against No. 55 on the first order we got?
the order should be construed to confer Some claim we did not. -H. I. B.
this help ahead of the second section as Answer.— This brings up the question of
well as the first. If this understanding were whether an engine and crew which is
authorized. No. 54 could follow 1st No. 2 changed from one train to another can
until overtaken by the 2d section. It is, continue to use the train orders it had

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822 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

previous to the change. Even though it Rule 252 of the road above mentioned,

continues (as in this case) to be an extra which is as follows : "It is not necessary to

of the same number, the fact is that it is receive the annulment of a train but once

created anew by its train order and thereby for the date and between the points named

becomes a new train. in the order annulling it"

While the rules do not positively say so, We will say for this whole subject that

they certainly give us to understand that there are probably a number of roads on

when a train completes its run it is dead which the question has never been dis-

and is off the road. This is true whether cussed. It is an important one, however,

it is a regular train and has fulfilled its and should be brought to the attention of

schedule or is an extra and has run over officers in charge of train movements,

the portion of the road which is called for 169.— "Please answer what kind of an or-

in its running orders. It is also true in ^er is necessary for a train to have on leav-

the case before us for, although extra 569 ing its starting point. Is a 19 order only

has not fulfilled its original running order, authority, or does it require a 3l.>"— M.

it has been temporarily taken off that run C. V.

and ordered to run extra from C to B and Answer.— We cannot answer this ques-

return. This makes it a new train and it tion without a knowledge of the rules of

is generally agreed that it must have a new ^^^at particular road in regard to a train

set of orders to enable it to start out on leaving its initial station. The Standard

its new run. Indeed, this is positively Code does not say anything about it Our

stated in at least one bbok of rules, that of oP'^io" »« that almost every road requires

the N. Y. C & St. L. Railway, in its Rule » train to be given either a clearance card

256, from which we quote: "When a sec- ^^ » ^^m order. If this is the language

tion or an extra train reaches the end of its «sed we should say either the 19 or 31 form

then authorized run, or when authority to would fulfill the requirement In some

run as the train is taken from them, all Peaces there is the distinction of a "move-

train orders held by such trains thereupon ^^^' order and by this is meant an order

become void and must not again be used, affecting the movement of the train as dis-

All orders held by work extras become void tinguishing it from a slow order or any

at the time their working orders expire, or other instructions which may be given in

are annulled." *^« ^orm of a train order.

This, in our opinion, is the interpretation 160.-"Please explain this question ac

of the rule by those who have expressed "^^^"^« ^^ rt.TT«!!Ii, "'"'^ '

themselves on the subject Applying it to \ ^ ^ **§** **^ C

the question. Extra 569 had no help on No. North South

55 while running from C to B and return, "Engine 50 gets an order to run extra

but on resuming the use of its original or- from A to B and return to A with right

der and running from C to D it could use of track over all trams but will not leave B

the orders issued for that run. until Extras 91 and 94 north arrive at B.

Of course it may be argued that No. 55 Extra 94 arrives but Extra 91, the first

is effectually held at D, and so it is; but mentioned in the order, did not come, and

that does not affect the principle that when it was found out afterward that Extra 91

an engine and crew take up a new run they had left A 30 minutes before Extra 50's

must have new orders as though they were orders were given at A. Please state if

starting out for the first time. this was a proper order and should have

There is just one exception which might been given in this form, and if not, how

be made and that is in the case of annul- should the order read?"— J. I. R.

ment orders. When a schedule is once an- Answer. — When the dispatcher sent the

nulled it is impossible for it to be restored, order if he was aware of the fact that Ex-

so there can be no element of danger in tra 91 had left A as stated, he should have

any one using it This is permitted by ascertained if it had arrived at C If it had.

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 823

it was off the territory to be covered by Ex- Exeter. We were on No. 80, east bound,
tra 50 and need not have been mentioned in and got the following order, No. 9 : 'Extra
the order. If it had not arrived at C, it 671 West will meet No. 30 at Exeter.' We
was a north bound extra using that part of also got Order No. 14 : 'No. 80, will wait at
the road over which he desired to rim an Woodruff imtil 6:80 a. m. for Extra 671
extra south, and as such it must be taken west* We received these two orders at
into account in issuing the order to Extra Seligman. When we arrived at Woodruff
60. In other words^ he could not give En- Extra 671 was there, having made Wood-
gine 50 orders to run from B to A without ruff on the wait order. When we arrived
making provision for Extra 91 now running at Exeter the dispatcher annulled the wait
from A to B. order, No. 14, but not Order No. 9. I

Now, the facts of the case are probably claimed that the extra did not have any
these: Extra 91 is reported to the dispatch- "«ht to leave Exeter until we arrived and
cr as having left A. There is no siding be- also that No. 30 had no right to leave Ex-
tween A and B, so that it must go to B if ^^^^ ""til this meet order was annulled. Am
it goes anywhere, and, furthennore, it must V!*^*! Washburn and Woodruff are blind
arrive at B before Engine 50 can get there, sidings."— J. W. S.

Some may say, therefore, that he might Answer.— We should call this a very
omit all mention of Extra 91 in the order, queer piece of dispatching. There is no
So he might, and probably in ahnost every place in the rules for a wait order and a
case no serious result would happen, but it meet order between the same trains and
would be a violation of the niles just the there is no call for it in actual practice,
same. Not only this, but the element of There is no situation in which these two
danger is not entirely absent Occasionally forms can be used in conjunction. The
operators report a train as having left a Standard Code does not contemplate any
station when it has not. It is not impos- such use of them and therefore there is
sible for Extra 91 to still be m the yard nothing to tell us how the trains should act
at A and Extra 50 to start out ahead of it on receiving them. We do not see how a
If Extra 91 had pulled out of the yard or dispatcher can issue them both and allow
started to pull out and had broken a draw- them both to be delivered tmless he forgets
bar it m^ht have, backed in again to make himself. But if, by any chance. No. 80 does
necessary repairs. If the telegraph office come into possession of both of them there
was some distance from the north end of is nothing for it to do but to fulfill them
the yard these mishaps could easily take both. Another strange circumstance is that
place without the knowledge of the oper- when No. 30 arrived at Exeter it received
ator. All these things must be taken into an annullment of the time order holding it
consideration in issuing train orders and we at Woodruff. This seems wholly unexplain-
should say the order was properly worded, able. What it needed was an annuhnent of
But if we have a correct idea of the situa- the meet order.

tion and the train that left A 30 minutes „^ , . , , , . .

before Extra 50 got their orders was Whatever may be said as to the bad mix-
the one mentioned in the order, we think ture of orders, a tram recemng them should
the dispatcher should have explained the ^'>'^^^y ^'^h their requirements. A meet
circumstances to Extra 50 and this could ^^der means meet and nothing else and
have been done by adding a few words to Extra 671 should wait at Exeter until No.
the order, for instance: "Extra 91 north re- 30 gets there. If the extra is justified in
ported out of A at 1 p. m." This would disregarding the meet at Exeter, No. 80 is
have given them the key to the situation equally justified in ignoring the wait order
and they could have been governed ac- at Woodruff. All orders must be obeyed
cordingly. whether they look reasonable or not, that

161.— "Stations on this road from west to is, of course, unless they appear to involve
east are Seligman, Washburn, Woodruff, danger, which these orders ^i^9^o(jTp

824

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

As to No. 80 requiring an annulment of since they have every evidence that the ex-

the meet order after they arrive at Exeter, tra has been met

having abready met the extra, we think we As in every case where orders are im-

should ask for it, although if by reason of properly issued, the rules do not provide

wire failure or any other cause it could not any answer to the question. Men must be

be obtained, there would probably be no guided by their own judgment, always keep-

censuTC of No. 30 if they should proceed, ing on the safe side.

THE BABY DID IT.

"Thank heaven, I have found a soat,"
sighed the tired man. "I am going to stick
to It, too. Nothing short of an accident or
a woman with a baby can rout me out till I
get home."

Presently the tired man's repose was
broken by an emphatic thumping on the rim
of his hat. He looked up and found that
the disturbing element was a bab/s foot.
His eyes traveled a little higher and en-
countered an appealing glance from the
young woman who held the disturbing ele-
ment in her arms. The man became em-
barrassed; he sat still but a few seconds
longer.

"Madam," he said, "will you have this
seat?"

The yotmg woman sat down; the man
went out on the back platform and picked a
quarrel with the conductor. When he got
tired of that he stepped inside the car again.
Directly in front of him, but under differ-
ent guardianship, sat the baby that had so
ruthlessly assaulted the rim of his hat a
few minutes before.

"Hello," said the man. "Aren't you the
youngster that took liberties with my head-
gear a little while ago? How did you get
down to this end of the car?"

The baby's reply was not exactly intelli-
gible, so his mother supplemented it with a
more lucid explanation.

"He belongs here," she said. "The lady
sent him bade She just borrowed him for
a few minutes because she heard some man
say that nothing short of an accident or a
woman with a baby—"

"Of" interrupted the tired man elo-
quently.—^«i; York Globe,

THE BLACK SHEEP OF THE FAM-
ILY.

"Let's see," said the man who had been
away a long time, "You had two boys,
didn't you?"

"Yes," replied Pat. "They would av
been three av thim, but one was bom a
girl."

"I remember now. Tom and Andy you
named them, after Thomas Jefferson and
Andrew Jackson, didn't you.^"

"Yes."

"As I remember Tom he was a very
bright little fellow. I never knew so much
about Andy."

"Ah, but that "Andy! He's the boy. He
led the big league twict in battin', and now
he's managin' a club out in Missouri and
has a conthract fer five years at a turrible
big salary. Me and his ma can't git over
bein* glad we never made Andy go to
school, but let him play ball on all the cor-
ner lots av the neighborhood. And all the
neighbors have his pitcher in their parlors.
They're that proud av him. He gets more
salary than a mimber av the cabinet at
Washington."

"Thaf s fine. I'm glad to hear that Andy
IS doing so well. But what about Tom? I
always had an idea that he was going to
turn out well."

"No, Tom ain't amountin' to much. He
was more fer wastin' his* time goin' away
to college and that He's only the chief
lif ry advisor or something like that for
one of these firms that prints books. But
thin you know they say there's a black
sheep in nearly ivery family."— CAiVaigt?
Record-Herald.

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Thar* is no free liat.

Bend all mnittanoM for rabtoriptioiis to tho Grand Saoretarr and Traanirar. Boa Boelloa tO OonotlftalloB. Oraad
Lodce.

Ltttors for this dopartmant mast ba wrtiton on ona slda of papar only, wrtttan wllh Ink and mwl ba aft tbaofloa
not latar than tha 12kh of tha month to Insora inMrtlon tn tha oorrmt nombar.

All ohangaa of addia— , oommanioationa partalnlng to tha Jonmal, ate., ahonld ba sant to tha Editor. DonotMnd
xasolotlona.

Whan tha Joomal doas not raaoh yoo, Immadlataly ci^a im tost nama. oocraat addivM and tha nombar of yoar

Our Convention.

It is nearing the time when we shotild instruct
our delegate of the wishes of the members of their
respective lodges. I look to see this Convention
one that will make history for our Brotherhood.
Some of the following questions I would like to
see threshed out before our delegates leave for
Atlanta: First, and I think the most important
one, do we need a Convention every two years?
I will answer this — Nol Our Brotherhood is
officered by very able men who are the leaders in
the labor world and are well fitted to handle any
and all questions that may arise.

What special legislation is called for this year?
Some say, change the insurance plan! No, let
well enough alone. Our insurance is all right
and when we take into consideration we pay on an
average of $150,000 every month, it will not stand
any more under the present rates.

Some say that claims should be settled' every
two years. Yes, that is true. Why not settle
them every twelve months? I can see no reason
why.

I believe the following plan, if adopted at At-
lanta, would bring good results. Amend the Con-
stitution to read: That our Convention will be
held every four years, instead of two. This will
comply with the national insurance laws. Also
make a law at Atlanta creating the Grand Execu-
tive Board and the Board of Grand Trustees a
Special Beneficiary Board to pass on all claims pre-
sented to the Grand Lodge for adjustment Have
them meet in Cleveland, where the records are
kept, every January, or the same time our Grand
Trustees meet. Make their decision final and
their reports to be submitted to the Convention.
If the advocates of more insurance at our present
rate would adopt this plan, we would be in a posi-
tion financially to make such laws as they wish in
a very few years.

At this time don't let's bother our insurance.

A great many ideas have been cited to cut down
the expense of our Convention, state representa-
tion, proxy voting, etc. These would still be ex-
pendva and woidd not be satisfactory or bring

good results. I don't believe in taxttion without
representation. I venture to say any of the above
plans cited, such as proxy voting and state repre-
sentation would be a failure.

Another question: Let's adopt a Conventbn
city; and what is the matter with Cleveland,
Ohio? It is geogrsphically situated and is near
the center of our membership. Some have been
opposed to a permanent convention city, and some
very good reasons were cited. I believe the main
objection has been that transportation would be
required over the same lines every two years.
Our national rate law forbids the giving of free
transportation only to employes. This will require
many of our delegates to pay their fare, and if the
four-year plan is adopted would work very little
if any hardship upon any line. For this reason
I prefer Oeveland. The records would not have
to be moved and we would be right at the seat
of war.

Last, but not least. We want and need a Fifth
Vice Grand Master on the Pacific Coast. Many
lodges west of the Rocky Mountains have not had
a visit from a Grand Lodge officer in years. This
is a large field and plenty of work to do. Brother
Newman, our Third Vice Grand Master, is situa-
ted in Denver and is very busy around Colorado
and Texas. Brother Murdock, our Fourth Vice
Grand Master, has his hands full in Canada. We
have about 90,000 members, and before the year
is closed will have 100,000, also over $1,200,000 in
our treasury. We pay about $1,800,000 of insur-
ance yearly. Don't let us stop the good work. I
would like to see this officer elected by the Con-
vention at Atlanta, and plenty of work he would
find to do. One of my reasons is, our Grand
Lodge officers are now required to pay their rail-
road fare. This alone will prevent them from jump-
ing long distances, as was the usual custom. This
would save long jumps, and so much travel, and
would go a long way toward paying a fifth Vice
Grand Lodge officer. I would like to see our west-
ern delegates get busy on these questions at
Atlanta.

Too much discussion cannot be had on these
three questions.

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@<5^gt€

826 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The Home. deaaipdon thonld preraiL Each and every mem-

ber of our order ihonld work to help one another

The foUovinf donationa have been received at ^*>« occaakm requires and always work for its

the Home for the month of Febmary: ^^^ interests. It is decidedly wrong for a brother

B. H- T 'Lod»a. *® Itvrt a lodfle room feeling that no one haa any

IS. K. i. i^odges. interest in his welfare. We meet on a common

^ $6.00 SSO $10.00 leiFel and we nnist work on a common lereL Erery

^ ''OO 568 6.00 man has hope — ambition for snch and snch things,

®* ***0 401 ^'00 and these hopes and ambitions must be cultirated—

80 6.00 460 7.06 not destroyed. The diree great charms are Faith,

07 4.00 610 6.00 Hope and Charity. The greatest of these Is

1" 10.00 689 18.00 Charity; the next Hope, and Faith wiU fbUow.

105 6.00 6M 0-00 We hope that snch and such things wiU come to

001 13.00 690 S.60 p^M and that aU brethren will be charitable

004 0.00 704 10.06 enough to help ns, and we have foith that they

000 4.00 yfjji There is no better way to npbnUd our lodges

Total $1S0.00 an^ onr order than to hare a tme ^rfrit of har-

Sommary. mony preraiUng in every lodge room. The cry

O. R. C Divisions $ 66.00 ^*** **•*" raised that the lodges are having a detri-

B. R. T. Lodges 160.00 mental effect on churches. A properly conducted

B. L. e! Divisions .!..!!.!......!!!.!!!! l»8!oo ^***^ meeting is as beneficial to mankind in some

B. L. F. Lodges 6.00 ''^•P^^ •• * church. In our lodge rooms we are

L. A. C Divisions !.!..!!!.!!.!!!.!!!!! 44^00 **««**• «• ** >«««* should be taught, to guard a

a L A. Divisions 11.66 »>«>ther's welfare as sacredly as our own, never

James Coatello, No. 270, O. R. C 1.00 *** defraud a brother or see him wronged. If we

Alfred S. Lunt, No. 456 B. R. T 1.60 •** ^^ strictly iq» to the teachings of our Brother-

George St Myers, No. 110. B. R. T 2.00 J>ood end put tho^ tMchin^ to practical use we

liembers of No. 04. O. R. C 8.60 ^'^ ^ ***»« **»* ^«" *"*<* ^^ ^*^ *«*^ P>»<* <>*

Members of No. 666, B. L. E. 8.66 **»<*« ^ ^^ affiliations with the lodge. The

average railroad man haa been for the past few

j^j^ $464.96 y**"* <*«P"^«<1 of his Sunday resL If he does get

11! '" a Sunday off his family haa first claim on him be-

Misceilaneous. ^^^^ either church or lodge, but a good Brother^

Two Quilts from No. 188, L. A. C bood man will never wholly neglect his lodge.

Box of Books from T. J. Marsh, No. 629, B. So let us aU make a desperate effort to attend

I^ E- meetings regularly and thus assist and encourage

Padoge of books from W. a Gerry, No. 1, O. the presiding officer to properly conduct the meet-

R. C ings and work first and last to upbuild our lodges

Respectfully submitted, and our Order at large.

JOKJf O'Kxsn, JOUBWAL ACBVT, No. 219.

Sec ft Trees.

. , . ^, Unionism vs. Despotism.

Newark Lodge, No. 219. — ^

What is a labor union? Is it a trust? Is it a

It has been many a day since this old and be^ combination of swindlers, as some of our financial
loved k>dge of ours held such a meeting as was the despots call it? This is a vital question which
one of Sunday, February 24th. We initiated four every intelligent union man should probe with the
healthy candidates. There were present quite a utmost diligence. That word trust, which haa
few of our charter members^ and during the meet- always been aynonymous with graft and corrup-
ing memories of the past were refreshed. The tion since our "twentieth century feudal lorda"
meeting passed along in pleasant lines, but it was bad it applied to their usurpations, have almost
in "the good of the order" where the beautiful become bywords for despotism. Yes, we will say
part of the session came in. The spirit of the oc- a labor union is a trusty but not a combination of
casion seemed to catch all the members and some swindlers or law usurpers, not a combination of
beautiful expressions were made of brotheriy feel- financial barons combining for tiie s<^ purpose of
ing and a very pleassnt social half hour was spent restraining trade and exercising a tyrannical hand
in the "good of the order," which was dosed by over the working dass, but a righteous trust, an
the organist plajring that good old air, "Sweet invincible trust which is rapidly growing stronger
Bye and Bye," and the closing ode was sung with and stronger every day. Justice is synonymous
a wilL with organized labor. Civilization is not destined to

Brothers, audi meetings as this are conducive be obliterated in the twentieth century by financial
of a vast amount of good to our order. They en- despotism. Organized labor shall be its emancipa-
oourage a spirit of true brotherly feeling, and tor. Mardi forward, brothers, in the upbuilding
this is the one diing necessary for the success of of this great emandpator. Do not be misled by
our organization. It has been written that it is any deceptive actions of these destroyers of dviU-
good for brethren to meet together in unity, and zation. Do we not call oursdves dtisens of a
so it is. Strife, jealousies, dissensions, animosity free country? Do we not boast of the greatest
should sH be forgotten. No ill ledhig of any dviHation the world haa ever known, aad yal

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

827

tttbmit condescendingly to a despotism which is
almost if not as absolute as reigned in the fifteenth
century?

What is a labor union? It is a combination of
working men to protect themselves and families
from the arbitrary and despotic power of a few
financial barons who are trying to make serfs of
the American working class. To protect them
from that greedy and grasping monster called the
trust which threatens to crush the God-given right
out of them and which has no more right to than
we have to massacre our fellow citizens. Here
ta the vita! question. Are you a protector of these
civilization destroyers? If you are not, then In
the name of all that is just and reasonable, stop
patronizing them, stop patronizing places that are
unfair to organized labor.

Capital is all right It is just as essential to the
welfare of this nation as the working man iS|t ^^^
capitalistic despotism is a curse to htmianity and
enervates the entire nation morally and intellectu-
ally. And there is where we stand; that is for
what we are united — not to destroy capital, not to
interfere with good citizenship — not to infringe on
any man's liberty, but merely for the purpose of
destroying capitalistic despotism.

To destroy this germ, abolish this curse and
eliminate this despotism, every brother will have
to quit patronizing places which . are unfair to
organized labor. How little a man knows when he
spends a nickel In an unfair place, or purchases an
uiifair garment, where it will end. Where will
that nickel end« and what will be its mission?
It may help to be the cause of some worthy or-
ganization, which is struggling for life, to lose it.
It may be the cause of that monster called the
trust, to wind its tentacles around you tighter and
tii^ter until It crushes the very life out of you.
Or it may help to assist some of these financial
despota in their usurpations and thereby deprive
jrour children of an education and cause them to
eke out a miserable existence in the centuries to
come. Look at the conditions prevailing in the
cotton mills in the South today. Such character-
ize the conditions which would exist in every part
of the United States were it not for organized
labor. Refrain from this pernicious practice of
patronizing places which are unfair to organized
labor. Be a union man; let your integrity in
unionism be beyond reproach. It is the indi-
viduality which counts in the universal upbuilding
and harmony in labor unions as well as in any
other business.

A union man isn't merely a man that carries a
card and wears a button. A union man is a man
with principle, a man who stands for the upbuild-
ing of his organization and for the betterment of
all mankind, with broad ideas, who believes in
justice and is a good citizen.

These are the fundamental principles upon
which all civilization is baaed and which every
brother will have to learn to follow if he ever
expects to become a true union man and march
forward with the progress of dviUzation. The
universal upbuilding, enlightenment and education
of all the organizations and classes on this earth
are performed through individual study, strenuous
work and iall*saerific«. Put yotir shoulder to the

wheel, brothers, and be true union men. Re-
member that all labor unions are indirectly re-
lated. Stand for the embodiment of all that is
just — benevolence and sobriety — ^justice, and not
despotism. That is what we represent. Stand by
it and prosper.

K. L. Bloom, No. 68.

San Antonio, Tex.

An insurance agent has nothing to offer but the
commercial aide as an inducement to the public for
taking out a policy in his company. The Brother-
hood has all of this, and more. Fraternity means
an actual Brotherhood, and a Brotherhood that
counta for human affairs. The man who can, by
a signal of distress, attract the attention of thou-
sands to himself, is in possession of a lever un-
known to the man whose life insurance amounts
to a million dollars.

The member of a fraternal order gives and re-
ceives brotherly aid when it is needed. He helps
his friends in time of sickness, and is in turn
helped in time of sickness and distress.

The member of a fraternal order has always a
world-wide family upon whom he can call for sym-
pathy or good cheer or a boost The man who
merely owns a life insurance policy is alone in
the cold, strange world.

He who enjoys membership in our Brotherhood
has achieved a recommendation upon his good
character and social being such aa no life insur-
ance jwlicy alone could ever buy.

The badge of the Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen is a key to that which unlocks the doors
to homes of thousands and goes further than that
in that it can unlock even their hearts.

It is admitted that an insured person, one who
has the assurance that should death overtake him
the family is provided for through life insurance,
has that peace in mind which comes with the con-
sciousness of a duty well performed. Such a one
ought surely to sleep better, have a keener joy
in living, and spin the thread of life to a greater
length than would be the case if he had to worry
about how the family would get along if left with-
out means of any kind.

When you have paid your dues and assessments
you have bought something. The purchase is a
month's protection for the loved ones. At the end
of the month you have received a month's worth
of protection, just as if you had purchased some-
thing and used it But you have also done more
than if you had invested the amount in some
mere necessity for the family table. You have
paid your share towards feeding some other broth-
er's loved ones. Protection b an article of value as
much as food and clothing. A man is willing to
pay taxes that he may have police protection, yet
he does not complain if no attempt has been made
to rob his home during the year. If a man lives
after taking out life insurance, he is lucky; if he
dies he is more so, not for dying, but for having
forethought enough to have prepared for death.

Now my respects to the knocker — the sweet,
warbling canary bird with eagle wings and a voice
like a fog horn. He is known and heard in every

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828

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

town from Maine to Alaska. Alao in foreign
countries. He has caused more trouble than all
the evils.

May the banner that goes to Atlanta bear the
words "One Hundred Thousand Members Strong/'
and if every brother only does his part we can
easily do this. Just look over the field in which
you are working and see if there are not two
or three non-airs; if you can't get them in "pipe
them" so we can put them through after the Con-
vention.

Buainess was never known to be better than at
present here on the Southern Pacific, Atlantic
System, and we have been in need of good brake-
men, and the cry must be the same elsewhere, as
there are very few men coming this way.
Fraternally yours,

FxNAifciu, No. 62.

signals in the U. S. better than those on the
C. P. R.

I have traveled and worked throughout North
America and know of no part of the continent
that I would like to see the Convention of 1909
come to as well as Spokane. Spokane is located
in the largest undeveloped and resourceful empire
on the Continent and is surrounded by the most
picturesque scenery in North America.

Tkos. Fxtzgualo.

Spokane, Wash.

The approach of the Convention should bring
to every member of this organization the necessity
to take some part in advising the delegate to do
something to advance the conditions of the Order
as well as to be prudent in the political and in-
* dustrial conditions of the future. I do not wish
to be regarded as authority on any subject, but
there are conditions that come to my mind that
cause me to write. Many members do not trans-
fer as soon as they should. They often say they
don't like some officer in the lodge they are work-
ing under, or find other excuses that cause trouble
to the Order. The rule ought to be made more
binding. The lodge where he belongs ought to be
made to transfer him and the rule ought to
read so. I feel that Brother Beaton's (of No.
871) views are worthy of consideration regarding
fewer delegates and more general good conditions.
This view will be met with considerable objection,
as so many go out for a good time. Traveling in
the United States at this time is difficult. The
anti-pass law was not meant to prevent railroad
men from getting transportation, nor will any man
be censured by the law for doing so, but it reads
that way. The conditions today make it very nec-
essary that experienced men ride to some point
where their services can be used that they may
be the means of saving the lives of the employes
and passengers as well as relieving the commercial
interesta of the country.

A word in regard to the R. Y. M. C, as I feel
that they are a very necessary institution for the
betterment of the employes as well as the safety
of the passengers.

I am pleased to see the instructions on rules in
the JoxTRNAL. I feel this is very necessary. The
whistle signals in the United States are not as
good as those on the Canadian Pacific Two short
blasto of the whistle in the United States answer
to many signals, thus leaving chance for accident.
Two short blasta of the whistle answer the man
on or in the trahi, answer the opposing engine
carrying green signals, answer the flagman and
others. On the C. P. R. three short blasta answer
the man in the coach« two short and one long an-
swer the engine carrying the green signals and two
short blasta answer the flagman. I like the hand

Justice.

A brother of No. 82 asks. Does it pay to organ-
ize? To that we all say, Yest But with "Justice"
as our goal, and, my, what a lot that word means!
Just now our Government at Ottawa say they can
feel it creeping out on them, so much so that
our worthy minister, Mr. Lemieux, stated to the
committee of railway men when they met him re-
garding the Lemieux bill, he replied to them that
it was jtistice to the people he was after, and
turned the committee down. ''Wolf should come
up to Quebec once more." Just imagine a govern-
ment giving justice to the people. We put on our
glasses, snuff the candle once more and then look
far back into other years, meditate, then repeat
"J-«-»-t-i-c-e t-o t-h-e p-e-o-p-l-e." Then we grab
the mucilage brush, drive it into the red ink bottle
and inscribe the following— "Never!" It psjrs to
organize — not to see just how many rocks we can
bounce each day off the poor superintendent's sides
or to see jtsst how far we can tell the unfortunate
call boy he may go down when he really wanto
to go up, but to demand justice at the hands of
our governmenta. Give them to understand that
they dare not allow such men as Senator McMillen
or Minister Lemieux to infringe on our righta
behind the cloak of justice to the people. Would
it be justice to the people to have a train going
through space at the rate of fifty miles an hour in
charge of an incompetent train crew? Not long
ago Secretary of State Root was here and he
could hardly move around because of the gfeat
flood of Government pullers falling down in fh>nt
of him and bumping their faces on the. ground
twenty-seven times as a token of respect, as he
was going to help them out in their trouble over
Newfoundland selling a little fish bait to keep
from starving; and that is justice. But when an
organization that has made railroad traveling a
luxury to the people, has placed on each and every
point of service capable, intelligent, industrious,
educated men asks for justice they say, no, we
shall not have It. But in justice to the people we
must pass a Jaw that will allow a railway com-
pany to fit out ita trains with the cheapest low-
life, law-breaking help it can get because it is
justice to the people. Well, that is just what the
Lemietix bill representa. Ask any competent, hon-
est railroad official which he would rather have,
organization or not and see what he will say.

There is not an official in the land that should
not bow his head every time he hears the name of
the late Brother S. E. Wilkinson and should grasp
Brother Morrissey and his staff by the hand and
say, well done, good and faithful, you have saved
me from a pauper's grave, for wM)e it has boosted

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

829

train conductort from $45 to $125 a month, it baa
puahed the superintendent from $100 to $850, and
all other offidala in like proportion. The brother
must have had hia eye bent or focused on hia
best girl when he let the Canadian Pacific alip by
him. Why, brother, we expect everybody to tip
their hat to ua. Eh, Brother Murdoch? Brother
McArdle of No. 255 finda it difficult to get hia
boya to trust one member to handle the whole
committee. That is hereditary and you can't
blame them. Brother Morrissey, with his twenty
year** experience, will not trust you or I to hold
the office of Financier in our local lodge without
bonds. We are not all honest just because we
belong to the Trainmen, but I wish we were.
Yott do not require a salaried Chairman. He only
puts aalt in your tea to make you believe you have
trouble to hold hia job, and ia no use. Pick out
a good local committee; watch them. Make each
one put hia grievance in writing. (Often before
he geta it down he will see he baa no grievance.)
Pass it through your lodge, give it its pros and
cons, weigh it well and if you cannot come to a
good understanding, ask the services of a Grand
Lodge officer and he will be only too glad to give
you a helping hand. The Grand Lodge officers
can often do you a world of good if you ask ad-
vice. They know what ia beat or they would not
be there.

I heartily agree with Brother Cease in shovring
up the Government, regardless of party. Bombard
them at every opening.

Yours in brotherly love,

Malcolm Beaton, No. 871.

Fort Worth, Tex.

I find that there is a wrong impression in very
many places in regard to the position the Brother-
hood baa taken in some small strikes that occurred
several years ago.

I find among them that the Butchers' Union baa
been placed under the impression that the Train-
men were opposed to them in the Packing House
strikes of three years ago. Thia haa been used to
further the ends of the Switchmen's Union of
North America.

It ia unnecessary to say that there ia nothing
in these statements, so far as the Brotherhood is
concerned, but we find that the argument is being
used in several of the cities in this part of the
country. The trouble with the Switchmen on the
Kanaaa City Southern and at Galveston has been
enlarged upon and exaggerated by the Switchmen
until it has become a terrible tale.

The extent to which the Switchmen's Union is
using its affiliation with the American Federation
of Labor ia seen by the interference of locala of
the different trades in several of our cities; and
particularly the Butchers' Union, which seems to
have been selected aa one of the best means for
encouraging the opposition to the Trainmen. The
method employed ia so decidedly unfair, and at the
same time so little, that our members are of the
opinion that the arguments ought to kill them-
selves, but until they do we must expect to have
to stand for the misinformation and prejudices that
are now rampant

I do not advocate adopting drastic measures to
meet this littleness on the part of the membera of
the Switchmen's Union, but the inconsistency of
its members is apparent every time they desire to
go from one place to another, and appeal to mem-
bers of our organization to assist them. Our mem-
bers have taken care of them, fed them, and even
helped them to get jobs, and as soon as they are
located they again use every effort to hamper the
progress of the Trainmen. It seems to me if the
members of the Brotherhood are so decidedly tm-
fair that the members of the Switchmen's Union
would hesitate long before asking them to confer
favors upon them.

I do not believe it was the intention of the
American Federation of Labor to encourage the
Switchmen's Union in its unfair attacks on the
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, and I am
almoat certain that the national officera of the
majority of these unions that are taking up the
Switchmen's fight would discountenance their
action if they knew it

Fraternally yours,

J. E. MoaoAN, Lodge No. 858.

McComb, Miss.

Among the many suggestions that have come
to the JouaNAL regarding the work of the Atlanta
Convention, I have yet to see advocated the for-
mation of a General Claim Agent's office. I be-
lieve it would be a good thing for our organization
if each subordinate lodge had ita own legal de-
partment, and ita claim agent, ao that he could be
thoroughly versed in all affaira pertaining to rail-
way operation, and in the event of the death or
disability of one of our members, could repair
to the scene immediately and gather all the avail-
able information that would be of assistance in
presenting a claim for damages.

As the matter now stands, each employe is
thrown on his own resources and is beset with the
importunilies of law firms that are anxioua to take
up his case. The most of them have little knowl-
edge of railway work and do not make the best of
counsel to take care of such claims. I believe if
some uniformity of action could be secured, and
the same method of operation apply to all of our
lodges, that the results would be a great deal bet-
ter than are attained at present.

I am in position to take up this matter advisedly,
because I have been injured myself, and know in
just what position I am placed at present.
Fraternally yours,

J. W. W.. Lodge No. 254.

Greensboro, N. C.

Lodge No. 594 has an exceptionally wide-awake
membership and the results attained by the lodge
speak for the efforts of all of its members. It is
rii^t that members attend lodge and give their
assistance to whatever work is before them.

Our General Grievance Committee has returned
after procuring a very satisfactory contract for
the system, and we believe now that every mem-
ber ia in poaition to aak the non-members to coq|e

830 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

into the organization because the work he has ennial conventions. The many unsettled claims

performed is in evidence and cannot be contra* held against this Brotherhood, some of which I am

dieted. It is to be hoped that every member will told date back to times before our last convention,

take this work upon himself and see to it that our it seems to me is sufficient cause for holding them

system is a solid organization one. as we have held them. How often we hear at

Some of our members have the habit of finding meetings when Order of Business No. 11 is in

fault with the amount of dues. I ask them to order: Dues for Brother $2.00. These

carefully consider the returns they have received biennial conventions greatly reduce these items,

for the dues they have paid and I promise them where if a longer period between them existed that

that they will find the amount paid is exceedingly well worn xihrase would be heard no longer. In

small for the benefits received. benevolence to our many maimed and unfortunate

There are too many of our members who do not brothers let us not keep them waiting any longer

realize the benefit of the organization to them« and than is necessary. We read too of co-operation,

I suggest that each one of them study the question a hobby some of us have taken up. While I be-

of organization results carefully, and, I know if lieve in co-operation, one with another, I do not

he does, instead of dissatisfaction there will be drift along the whole route. I believe that one

general content. lodge and even that all B. of R. T. men who

It it to be hoped that every member will do his are and should be loyal co-operate in one common

utmost to have the membership reach the one cause, to- wit: the advancement of any and all

hundred thousand mark before the end of this conditions that affect the Brotherhood of Railroad

year. We are all looking forward to the time when Trainmen. I am not alone in opposing federation.

we can claim that number, and if every member A general federation would be the right thing,

will give his assistance it will be a very short but a federation with a body that derives the more

time until that number will be attained. benefit than ourselves I am opposed to. It is in-

W. O. Rbitzbl, Lodge No. 694. variably the rule that the weaker look to the

■ stronger for the help needed. I believe that all

-- _ , — our agreements with the various companies should

New London, Conn. be Trainmen's schedules, drawn up by Trainmen

' and put through by the same. And if, by example.

As we Trainmen have no other way of ex- ^ company allows iU conductors two suite of
pressing our dissatisfaction with public acU than clothes and caps a year, why, his trainmen should
through the pages of the JouaNAL, I avail myself of receive in the same proportion an equal allowance,
this privilege. In the February JouaNAL I read that joint committees of the B. R. T. and O. R. C.
the Employers' Liability Bill, approved June 11, look good as you read of their meeting the general
1906, passed as it were by our lawfully elected law manager, but I ask you, brothers, wherein lies the
makers **whom we send to Washington to have strength of that joint committee, and again what
placed on our stetutes such laws as will benefit the p^rt of that same body represents men who never
the many" had been declared by one Judge Evans ^m y^ q. R. C. men. Do the B. L. E. and B.
as unconstitutional. It seems a pity that any one j^ p, affiliate? Why not? We observe that the
man should be vested with such power as to throw g, .l, e. has the best of working conditions the
the will of our great and learned represenUtives country over. Is is not about time that the
back to the Supreme Court for final action. After trainmen and yardmen on tiiis system have like
all, it is better now than at a later date, as Uiis conditions? We here feel tiiat Uie only way tiiat
all Important question will be the sooner answered, g^ch wiU ever be brought about will be through
or rather aettied. And as Uiis Supreme Court is ^^^ only through the efforts of the B. R. T. Talk
supreme, we humbly pray Uiat tiie judge has afl^iation to yard men here and even to the train-
erred and that we are not to receive a "lemon," ,nen and you will find tiiey all have "the bee in
as it would prove to be if his decision is susUined. ^^^i^ bonnet" and are willing to express it No.

We read of many burning questions in tiie Joua- 495 ig doing nicely. We have several candidates

NAty but of none outeide of this bill that so much ^o work and have our eyes on all availables that

interesU Railroad Trainmen as our next Conven- i^^e worthy, and we gather them in one by one.

tion. Many of our brothers advocate conventions ^t meetings we check up the names and see that

that will be the longer between. Probably it would ^^ g^t an "ap." We keep after them until they

be a saving on our part of a great deal of money, gee the right way, which we all so well know U

but as we pay for these conventions ourselves it the only way. Meetings are weU attended and we

is well to remember that it is better to have them welcome any visiting brother who is in our midst

at stated periods to meet and have a general un- to attend our meetings, assuring him a hearty re-

derstanding witii each otiier tiian to have such an ccption. Wishing all lodges and brotiiers good wUl

interval between them as to have to call a special ^nd prosperity, I am,
convention. A special convention would be called Yours in B., S. and I.,

on the one question or rather purpose called for, "Pite."

causing a great expense indeed. Not being quite ^^_^.^_.

familiar with convention history I could not say rn j t^

whether or not this hat ever been done, but the WagCS Tend Downward.

fact is, according to our Constitution, that it

could be done if so voted by all lodges. As this Professor J. Laurence Laughlin of the Univer-

ia such a progressive country and capital and labor sity of Chicago, has in many lectures, essays and

are not as yet willing to walk hand in hand it books laid particular stress upon the vast advan-

only right that we should hold regular bi- tage that would immediately inure to the laboring

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 331

men, particuUrljr the trades ttnionitts, if they the union, not to the increased production. How

would relegate to the limbo their "Skinny, Mad- about the profeaaor's theory? Here ia the in*

dena and Sheas; elect good honest and competent creased production. Where are the increaaed wages?

men in their places, remove all union restrictions Then who gets the difference? The land owner of

which in any way hamper production and devote course. And he gets it as owner, not aa worker;

all their energy to carrying the production of he ia paid in proportion to the value of hia

wealth to the limit, and out of the increased re- monopoly, not the value of his work. In fact, he,

suits larger wages would inevitably follow." Thia aa a rule, does no work at all; he leavea that to

ia anbstantially his position. Now let us see if it the union. He does not, like the protectionist,

is true as a matter of cold fact. want work; he ia aatiafied with the results of

Theoretically and practically, invention, the dia- "^^'^
coveries of science and the utUization of natural j^^ another case. An ore shoveHng machine ia

forces have incrcMed production more than a thou- invented which goes down into the bowels of the

sand fold during the century just past Theo- earth on the Mesaba iron range and does the work

reticaUy, at least, these tremendous agencies ought of fifty men. Here is increased production. How

to raiae wagea, and would do ao if the results were about the professor's theory? Does this machine

not somehow diverted into other channels. j^ise wages? It ought to, but does it? It tends

As a matter of fact, invention has not such to decrease wages by throwing men out of work,

effect; wages tend downward and not upward, temporarily at least. It does not increase the

This is why labor needa trades unions — to resist interest rate the fraction of a milL There is but

the downward tendency. one other thing which it can raise, and that ia the

Now the query naturaUy arises. Why do wages ^*ltt« o^ J«»d- It can aa a matter of theory; it

tend downward while production tenda upward? <^o«« »» * matter of fact

Evidently there is some social force at work which h., ^ cyanide process, which has enormously

the professor does not see or care to mention, increased the production of gold by utilising low

What U that force? If wages automatically ^.^^ ^re, increaaed Ubor value or land value?

tended upward, as they should, Uborers would D^eg an elevator in a large office bmlding^which

not need and would not have trades unions; and i, a labor-saving device— sncreaae the wagea of the

to attack trades unions, which in themselves are engineer in the baaement or the ground rent of

but the result of economic pressure, is a waste of ^e landlord?
energy.

,r^ ^. , * . *!. J *• ^r Machinery in all departments of human activity

There are three elementa m the production of . ^. . a . -.- *u j •• .-

__,., *u -^ r *• u * X J * nsa this one effect, it increases the productiveness

wealth; the professor mentions but two, and to . , . , * . , r , j t* • *vi-

.. .. _. , - wu J- * 'u .• '^u of labor ana hence the value of land. It is this»

discuss the problem of wealth distribution with- ^. ^ « -^ t ▼ tt-h « .t. ^ . ^r

^ ^ • 11 *u i u .1 * * * that President Tames J. Hill of the Great Nor-

out mentioning all three is as bootless as to try to ^. ,j r \*. ^ i^ t. r*

m^^^m . ,>^vaZ^ ;« *^-^»/^«*.^ k- ♦u- «— ^/^^ *^«"* *^^^ **>' » "**°* **»•* would mske Croesus
solve a problem m trigonometry by the use ox two ... . . . i • • i i x

. , seem like a beggar; Just plam legal monopoly capi-

angles only.
These three economic an^es are labor, capital

talized into unthinkable figures.

and land. Land is sot capital, although the value ^^ tomorrow labor were to increase production,

of it is capitalised at preaent, and aU the pro- a hundred or a thousand fold it would not increaae

fesMrs insist that it U; but that does not mske wages, nor would it increase interest, but it

land capital any more than calling both fiah and would increase rent for the use of the planet

lake capital, makes capital of both. Only one is which kindly mother nsture gave to us aU for

capiUl; that is fish. So with the other case, only nothing. This is the bottomless pit into which

that is capital which is produced by human labor, the eyer^incrcaaing stream of wealth forever pours.

Land is not produced by labor. These three sgen- There is and always will be a limit to produe-

dea produce everything; they also get everything, tion; there is no Umit to the capitalisation of

Labor geU a share caUed wages, capital a share l«nd; it is simply a question of adding dphera

called interest, land a ahare called rent to the right-hand end of the row of figurea, and

Rent, interest and wages get it all. For the ^P^*" "^ *'^*^-
share which the laborer gets he does useful work. As a matter of fact, there are but two real
For the share which the capitaliat gets, as mere questions at the bottom of all our social problems
owner of capital, he gives the use of stored up at the present time. First question is: who owns
work — for that is what capital really is— that is the earth? Second, who ought to own it? Na-
to say, all legitimate interest is simply deferred ture has decreed that there is and can be no sub-
wages. Most of the so-called interest charges stitute for justice, and the only just measure yet
today are simply ground rent, paid on the capital- proposed for the settlement of this question is
ized value of land. the one proposed by Henry George and other phi-

For the share which the landlord gets (the losophers at varioua times — a very simple proposi-

lion's share) he givea nothing. tion — to saddle the whole burden of government

Wages tend downward, interest downward, rent upon those who get all the substsntisl benefits of

upward. it. The real beneficiaries of government are the

G>nsider two gold mines side by side, one very owners of the soil. For to whomsoever the land

rich, while the other hardly pays to work; are the of a country belongs, to him belongs the fruits

wages higher in the rich mine? Every sensible thereof,

man knows they are as a rule the aame in both Faithfully yours,

mines, and if they are higher in one it is due to Digitiz^innnr H. HABDXir<^

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The German Railway Men At The
Close Of The Year.

The year 1006 has been a very prosperous year»
that is to sajr, all trades and indnstries have been
flourishing, yet in spite of the increased wages
the German laborers were unable to enjoy life any
better than before because just a handful of men at
the head of the legislative body had increased,
through taxes and dues of various kinds the prices
of the most necessary food, such as bread and meat
to suck an extent that the laborers were even worse
off than before. The very favorable business
situation in 1006 has also influenced the railways.
Their income has increased very considerably
both in the traffic of passengers as well as in the
traffic of goods which is proved by the figures
which have been published recently. Yet the rail-
way administrations are those who pay the small-
est wages to their laborers and subaltern officials,
and with regard to charity institutions they are
altogether behind the other trades. This is no-
ticed in the first place with regard to the right of
eoaliiioH of the railway men. What each German
laborer has a legal right to do and what is made
use of to a very large extent by the laborers of
the private trades is absolutely prohibited for the
railway men, viz: they are only allowed to belong
to such organizations as are called *'loyal." If
they join our organization the ''lUilway Men's
Union of Germany" or the so-called "Hamburg
Union," which is said to be social-democratic,
they are immediately discharged. Mr. von Budde,
the late Prussian Railway Minister, who died in
April, 1006, took very good care not to get any
of his "lambs** organized, and his successor, Mr.
Breitenbach, contifiues on the same lines. Well,
he has even gone farther, as the South German
railwajTS in Alsace-Lorraine, which are governed
by the Prussian minister, have also prohibited the
South German Railway Men*s Union (headquar-
ters in Nuremberg). And the small country of
Saxony acts strictly in accordance with these great
examples. Any effort to organize is immediately
kept down and in the beginning of 1006 eight
brav« railway men with ten and fourteen years of
good service have been discharged in Dresden —
simply because they were organized. Yet, all this
has not been able to hinder the organization in
any way; it is continually growing, although
slowly but surely. Through the critics in our
paper, Wfckntf dtr Eistnbahntr, and through the
continual demands made by the laborers the rail-
way managementa have at last recognized the ne-
cessity to grant some improvements. So, for in-
stance they have adopted the nine-hour workday
in the railway workshops in Prussia, Bavaria,
Saxony, Wurtemberg, etc Owing to the con-
tinually increasing prices of all food they were at
last compelled to increase the small wages of the
subaltern railway employes; this was of course not
done just for the sake of showing them a kindness,
not at all; they simply had to do it because the
private trades and the municipal bodies were
away ahead of them in this respect. And the rail-
way men themselves had submitted to their ad-
ministrations such an amount of claims and pe-
titions that the administrations could not help

making a few concessions. Yet the wsge of the
railway men is still very small, and if a stop is
not soon put to this unreasonable policy of duties
and taxes the railway men will never be any better
off. The outlook in Germany is as unfavorable
as possible. Hundreds of millions have been spent
by the wrong policies in our colonies and the hole
caused thereby in the "governmental money bag**
is continually being patched up by new taxes
which are again put on the lower classes of the
nation. But all this is in vain. Our debts have
reached the amount of almost four thousand mil-
lions. And because our last Parliament would not
grant any more money the German emperor simply
dissolved same a few weeks ago, hoping to get
another Parliament that would be more to his
liking. But in this he may be mistaken. If we
had only state railwajrs in Germany the railway
men would at least have the satisfaction of being
able to have their deplorable conditions discussed
in Parliament, but as each county has its own
railways these County Parliamentt would be the
proper place to discuss these matters. But what
about these? In Prussia or in Saxony where the
elections are done according to the famous three-
class-system, there are none, or as in Saxony, only
one representative of the labor classes. And the
petitions of the railway men receive no attention
anywhere. The justified claims are sometimes set-
tled with the words "social-democratic exaggera-
tions,** that is all. A few social-democrats are
members of the County Parliaments in the South
German states, for instance in Bavaria, Baden, and
Wurtemberg, but they are so few that they can-
not do very much for the railway men, although
it must be admitted that the railway men in the
South of Germany have been granted more liberty
with regard to coalition. But, taking everything
into consideration, there is still a lot to be done
in Germany and every railway man will have to
co-operate if we desire to secure really improved
conditions. No railway management will make
concessions of its own accord; all that comes into
consideration for them is the profit, the "blessed
profit,*' and the claims of the railway men only
come in the* last place. It is only by means of an
uninterrupted propaganda work for affiliation of
all railway men that the railway men will do away
with the system of begging and asking and plead-
ing and secure in its place a square wage for
square work. Every railway man should think of
the watchword. Alone we are nothing, but com-
bined we are strong. This watchword gives the
German railway men the line of conduct for the
new year.

H. JOCHADI,

Hamburg, Germany.

On The Fusee,

I read in the February Jousnal of the action of
a brakeman in going to the pilot of his engine with
a lighted fusee in hand when the possibilities of
a wreck were very imminent and trying to stop
the approaching train. I did not pay much atten-
tion to the case at the time, but after reading in
the March issue the opinion of (presumably) one
of our brothers who signs

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 333

decided to give my opinion in this case. While it of us have tome power for good or for evil. Let
does seem that all members of this freight crew, us use our power for the better cause. Let us
especially the conductor and engineman, showed help each other. We are individuals. Socialism
themselves to be both incompetent and careleas, would bundle us all together and abolish individu-
and while it does seem that they could have avoided allty, but it cannot be done. It is against nature,
the wreck, since they could see the opposing supe- There can be no common ownership. Every tub
rior train approaching two miles away, I think that cannot stand on its own bottom. Adam was told
this head brakeman did all in his power to prevent to leave the Garden of Eden and work for his
a collision and should be commended, rather than living by the sweat of his brow, and we must each
reproached for his fearlessnew in proceeding to of us work out our own salvation. What will
such a hazardous position instead of looking for a make one person happy will not satisfy his neigh-
place of safety at this critical moment I am sorry bor. There are degrees on earth and in heaven,
to read that our Iron Mountain brother is of the There are wise virgins who provide oil for their
opinion that this man should be given his time lamps and foolish ones who let their opportunities
check. I have not had his eighteen years' railroad pass, and when need knocks at their door, they
experience, thank God, but in my opinion a check are in distress and ask the wise ones to "divide
for his loyalty and rare courage would have been up." But a better understanding is coming. In
far more appropriate. the new industrial conditions, brought about by the
Fraternally, substitution of machinery for human hands. A
D. A. S., Lodge No. 424. f«^ y**"* ««<> ^^^ faced capiUl first with un-
_______________ covered head; then a little later on, with clenched

fist But there are not wanting signs that the

Keen SteODin^ clasped hands of Brotherhood are in the future

'^ '^'^ **' more truly to symbolize their relation.

Tramp! Tramp! Everywhere one hears the ^^^f,^' u^u^'t

steady tramp of the world's great army— its regu- ^^^ ^°' **®' u. K. i.
lars — men and women who are marching up the

heights of achievement Many slip and fall, some Martial MuSlC.

to rise and push forward with more carefulness

and determination, others never to regain their Qur Jouekal has some very interesting, in-
place. Behind these reguUrs, with quicker but .tructive and entertaining articles, letters, and
less steady step and more hopeful faces, comes an- editorials therein; as a whole from a literary
other army— the cadet»-the youth— the life of the standpoint it is excellent I am now going to put
world. Some push ahead, others hesitate, others „y ^^„ ^^ ^ ^^^ imporUnt subject when I
falter, lose courage and drop out of the line, propound this query. How about from a Union
Those who keep stepping are the ones who sue- ^q^? Are we not a labor organization? If that
ceed; it is only those who stop that fail. It is a j, ^^^j^ should it not be one of the missions of our
good rule, and an imperative one these days, when jqoknal to try and indelibly impress upon our
competiUon is so intense nnd the rush for wealth members that to be true and loyal to the cause of
so headlong and furious, a»id the rule is not con- nntonism that they must be perfecUy clean, con-
fined to money making altogether. Those who ,irtent and honest in their endeavors to uphold
wish to get along at all must keep stepping. To ^^ principles?

stop is fatal. The crowd rushes over you and your j^ be sure, if I am wrong as to my undersUnd-

opportunity U gone. Ingalls says that those who j^g ^f what the object of a publicaUon such as

doubt or hesitate vainly seek and uselessly implore ^^ monthpiece of a labor organization should be,

for the lost opportunity. These are the failures ^j^^ i gtand ready to be enlightened on the sub-

who wiU achieve nothing and be looked down on j^^t When yc • read the Journal and find therein

as drones. It is not always a thing they can help. ^ )n^^ j^, ^^^ ^^nd educate the members as to

They have not been given the strength and the ^^i^ dutiea to the cause of Unionism and those

will power that would enable them to succeed. ^|,o „^ struggling through organized efforts to

Adverse circumstances prove too much lor them. ^^^^ ^jj^ir conditions and badly need the assist-

What should be done with these weak brothers? ^^^^t of others to make them successful in their

Pass them by with a smile of contemptuous pity, undertakings to improve their environments, would

Stop and give them a helping hand? There is the jj ^q^ ^^y ^ g^od policy as well as a duty and

question, "Am I my brother's keeper?" More and wisdom on the part of the Jouenal to come out

more do the men and women who have seen the boldly and emphatically in regard to earnest,

light feel the responsibility of the bond of human hearty advocacy of the cause of organized Ubor?

brotherhood and acknowledge the duty of helping Calling upon, urging and encouraging the memp

one another, walking shoulder to shoulder, the b^rs to patronize those who employ union labor,

strong supporting the weak, the firm hand push- ^lao those who are selling the products which bear

ing the halting forward. Let us look ibout us and the union label. If advice of this character was

see if we arc acting as a band of brothers should given and heeded, how much it would mean for

act. How many of us are cheering and helping the wage-earners 1

those whom fate has frowned upon? Are not I read the publications of other labor organiza-
some of us striving so hard for our own success tions and I find, to my delight, that they earn-
that we push others down and make them stepping estly champion the cause in its entirety; really it
stones for our ambition? In the end this will is inspiring and encouraging to be informed as
bring regret and the saddest kind of failure. All to the splendid progress that is b^^/^ma4<^ Jbe

334

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

indufltrial world through organized efforts and you
do not am a matter of fact hold your membership
so cheaply. It it like martial music to the soldier
to occasionally be reminded of your plain, honest
duty to the cause of humanity regardless of what
labor organization you are affiliated with and we
cannot afford to be selfish, as the cause is a com-
mon one.

The members should be plainly informed and
thereby educated through the Joubnal that when
they purchase goods that they are themselves at
that time the employer of labor; then when they
employ, why not be true and consistent and em-
ploy tinion labor? Why not make a clean breast
of it and acknowledge that by 'so doing we are
assisting in making those who work in the factory,
shop, mill or store happy and at the same time
only doing our honest duty. If it is carefully ana-
lyzed it will be found that the only genuine hap-
piness in this life of ours is making others happy.
Why not try and it will soon dawn upon us how
easy it is to help let a little sunshine into the
lives and hearts of others; the knowledge of this
fact alone ought to compensate us for our efforts.
By standing firm to a practice of this kind we
make the burden lighter, the fireside brighter,
thereby assisting our toiling brethren to secure a
reasonable compensation for a reasonable day's
work, enabling them to properly shelter, clothe and
feed their families, sending their children not at
a tender age to the doorway of the shop or fac-
tory, dwarfing them morally, mentally and physi-
cally and denying them the joys of childhood — but
to the schools.

The arch enemy of organized labor, the Citi-
zen's Industrial Association — so-called — at one of
their conventions was addressed by their Presi-
dent thus: "That the employer who advertises in
a union newspaper, or buys goods bearing the
union label, by doing so is contributing to the
campaign funds of the enemy and ia therefore
false to his fellows." They alio went on record
as being opposed to the proposed anti-injunction
and eight-hour laws. Inasmuch as their slogan is
against the union label, and literally speaking,
everything organized labor is for, it should not be
a very difficult matter for the members of organ-
ized labor to fully appreciate that if they intend to
remain true to principle they should be unalter-
ably opposed to that which the Citizens' Industrial
Association antagonizes.

Thir opposition on our part should be strenu-
ous, not half-hearted, and with united forces in
solid and unbroken ranks. A policy of this kind
demonstrates that we are actuated by a noble pur-
pose and intensly sincere and interested in the
welfare of others, which will ultimately sweep
away opposition, carrjring with it vast improvements
for those who are employed in insanitary work-
shops. It means better wages for those who are
receiving a mere pittance for their labor, the elimi-
nating of that awful curse, "child labor." It will
bring light where there is now nothing but dark-
ness, hope 'instead of discouragement, joy. in the
place of misery, and a general betterment in the
life of mankind.

The issues confronting the working world at
this time are vast and fateful, therefore stupen-

dous power must be exerted for continued improre-
ment and reformation, also to retain what has
been secured. In making a summary, to subaerve
the interest of the working people all must do
their part, not occasionally, but in a substantial
and aggressive way at all times, and if this is done
it will be martial music to those who are faltering.
W. A. Whxslzmg,
Lodge No. 64.

Philadelphia, Pa.

We are still doing splendid work in our terri-
tory and there are candidates for every meeting.

Let every member get around to his lodge and
ask for his share of the work to be allotted to
him. He is needed at every meeting, for when the
Master opens up the lodge it has something new
on hand at all times, and so then you can give
your views in general and make the meeting so
much better at all times and your good judgment
will help others along to what they would like to
say in regard to business. So turn out and see if
we can not have a champion year for Quaker City,
No. 149.

We have some great meetings, and if it is news
you want, you will get it at the lodge room and
you will always go home feeling satisfied with the
meeting you were at. Don't stop coming, if it
is only a little while, so as you can see who is
who and what is what. You will not find fault
after you get to the lodge room, for we are always
glad to see who is next at the inside door.

We hope that every member will do his share
and help to carry out its principles and still hold
it in the front rank where it is at the present

Keep the good work on a move and don't stop
for anything but the r#tf, and there ia no one
throws that on the 6. fiL T. You will have a dear
signal all the way.

Yours in B. L.,

WsAvn, No. lit.

Train Rules.

Your March, 1907, Jousnal, pages 229 and 2S0:

"A freight train filling a first-dasa schedule la
very unusual to say the least*'

Big to say that at night we only have two sec-
ond-class trains. These trains come back the next
day as first-class trains — second 78, a. m., and
second 69, p. m. We have about ten aeconda at
night

Nearly every day we have three 78's» three 68's
and three and four 74*s« all first-class.

North bound (coal and merchandise, prindpally)
have right of track. Southbound trains are, to a
large extent, fast freight* ore and empties. So
3rou see oy running six or seven long trains of
empties back you can get the other trains south as
passenger, first-class, with fifteen or twenty cars.
(North bound having right track, south bound
first-class small trains expedite matters.)

Last night we had six 69's and five 74's firs^
dass.

I know of one instance where
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN S JOURNAL. 835

nm over another route and yet we had ten aec- the hotel facilities are more plentiful than that of
tions of number 02. This answers your statement, any other city and about twelve good healthy
It was Sunday, you know, and these south- lodges every way capable to arrange and pro-
bound men would have to run extras had it not duce accommodations necessary for delegates, but
been for OS's schedule. The first section was should this Convention decide to continue holding
over an hour late, the tenth nearly four hours* its conventions in the future the same as it has in
late, yet there was no time on 62 nor any south- the past, the northwestern corner of this great
bound schedule until about the time the fifth fel- continent should be given some consideration when
low (62) passed the two freights north at our it comes to selecting a convention dty. If the A. Y.
siding. P. Exposition City for 1009 is not able to accom-
Yours, M. M. McGbasy, modate the delegates of this organization, if hon*
Foxburg. ored with a convention, then I feel perfectly safe
in saying it is useless for other cities to try. We

Permanent Convention City. ZJfrol r«1cu'::« S 'T:.r,rZ

Daring the l..t three edition, of our Jooehal it 'f^ "'"" "~*""J <ioc»n««U to "how they «e

w» .ent out lo«led to the gu«d. with «conm.en. ""7' ""^ " «??'* " »" B"1'"'"f» '~»<l- »"

dstioD. ud .oggestion. to be eon«dered at our ** ^V* ?■ .*' "'■'^ KuV^ V ""}^"f

A*i- *- r- *: * f u V 1. J ^o** "^ *"** connection if the delegates will only

Atlanta Convention, many of which were backed * * • .^i. ^i. i j .t. • .- j

,_ J I • 1 \. J J *ct fair with themselves and the organization and

by good logical arguments and deserve serious ... ^. . j . . , . . . „

^^ :j^«.*j ' «.!._ * *^j r J- •.>• V i. decide upon the most desirable and most centrally

consideration when presented for disposition, but • * . -^ ^ . ... ., ^. .

-..^-. u— - 1 J 1 e wi .1. located city for holding its conventions m the

none have appealed to me as favorably as the one f « ^

presented in our December Jousnal recommending , / , ^, , ■ j . • t

. penn»>ent city for holding eonvention.. The .. J"'* '" "» "J ^\ "'"'«"*. «^"™"» P""

proportion no doubt wiU meet with strong op- *""•• 7"* *■;»' »~'* " hM done .n the p«t On

' r. t u Ml- X 1 ^tT every line where such position exists you will find

position from some who are wilhng to place the ^. ^',. - . , ,, ^ . . j .. . . . ,

•^ t ^ A ^ •*•*!... J r t**a' J»°e fairly well organized and the interests of

stamp of condemnation on it without regard for ^. . ' , f , r i u ^

its real ouroose members properly taken care of as a rule; but

T Ml \^ * ^ .1- ^ ^ 1- ij. ^'^^ ^^ li»« where no such office exists, you will

I wM not comment on ««« «»»t of holding our ^^ .^ , j^^ ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^

eonwntwn. .. tb.t hw ^ready been clearly ex- ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^

'^tJZ T r ^^ °^"'' • \ it «"•'«" 8i«» «» opportunity to devote hU whole

.fte brieHy that U.e propoMhon de«nre. mdorse- ^^ ^ j^ Therefore, the writer is in favor of

ment and diould become a law for the following ^ pe,^„^, ^^ ^^,d chairman proporition

_. ^* . << .... f^d believes it beneficial to the organization and

First-Because the 'Wportation horje was ^„„,j ^, ,„ „ ,„, ^^ „^^j„ .^^

ridden to death and buried January 1st. 1»07. and B„t. „ sUted by Brother Jones, of No. Ml, when

prospect, for a successor are very poor. Th» ,„^ propositions are put to a vote many will vote

mean, to many, buy a Ucket or quieUy ascend ^^, ^^^ proposition if they feel sure their name

jourself mto a "side-door .leeper" or "walk.' ^m „„^ , „„ ^ ^^ Come out of the

P* member, can take thjs for what it i. worth. „„^ ,„j ^„j„„ ,„j^ ^ ,^^ ^,j„^ ^^ ^j

but nevertheless this is the proposition that con- ^^ majority

fronts every member today, and if you are fair Fraternally yours,

with yourself and the Brotherhood, you will not * John Bannon

place yourselves on record as having voted in Lodce No 196

favor of a proposition to drag an army of 800 »__^___i_______

del^^tes from one corner of the country to the , ,

other, just because some city offered you flaUer- St. Flavie Station, QuebeC.

ing inducements to do so, and without any inten-

tion of carrying them out Edward VII Lodge is not very old but it is

Second^If a city centrally located should be getting along very nicely. We are by no means

decided upon the Brotherhood will save thousands dead, and are ever willing and ready to assist

of dollars, whereas, as it is, the transportation will any brother in need. In looking over the past,

be unreasonably large, which would certify to our I see that our lodge has done good business since

unbusiness like manner of doing business. To it has been' organized, which I think will con-

those who may wish to oppose the proposition tinue. The lodge has been guided by good offi-

when presented, the writer most respectfully refers cers who have done their best for our interests,

them to the Grand Master and Grand Secretary and I think the new officers will do their best to

and Treasurer to ascertain from them, while the keep everything going on.

Convention is in session at Atlanta, the amount The great question is to make the new schedule,

that will be paid out for transportation, et cetera, which may be in force July, 1907. Every member

and then figure for yourselves how much less it must give his ideas. Now is the time to come

might have cost if the Convention had been held to the lodge, for it is to your interest. Wake

in Chicago, which city has roads running in every up and come to lodge and see what is going on.

direction of the compass and also giving a superb Pardon me, but I want to say another word about

continental service from east to west the boys, who. instead of attending meeting, will

I therefore recommend the "Windy City" as the have an engagement with their girl. We sec

most desirable one for this purpose, not altogether them after the assembly, and they ask: "Were

on account of the above advantages, but because you at the lodge this afternoon?" If we answer

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886 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

"Ye0," they ask: "What about this or that, etc?" intimately acquainted with our members for one

We can easily answer, "Come and see." This is or more years. In quoting Brother Kilgore, he

the best and shortest way to get clear of them. says: "Make him serve one year and he is a

It affords me great pleasure to read the articles brakeman by that time." The writer does not

that are written by our brothers, who are striving understand that our organization is responsible

to better conditions socially, morally and politi- for the action of an employe when on duty. If a

cally, and in expressing their views through the man is acceptable to a railroad official on his first

columns of the Joubnal. day he should be acceptable and admitted into the

Yours in B., S. and I., organization which has made the contract for him

J. A. DuFOUft, to work under. There should be no question on

J. A. Lodge No. 701. that score whatever. One very good reason for

> a reduction of time to this rule is to enable us to

• 1 n/r • enroll men who make a practice of working eight

Martial Music. and ten months at a time on railroads, but never

remaining sufficiently long to be enrolled. This

To the Editor of the Journal— practice has been carried on for years, and as

Dear Sir; those men enjoy the privileges and comforts ac*

I am proud of the Journal, the material that fills corded them by the efforts of our organization,
its pages is bound to do the work. they should be made to contribute their share to

The last two or three years yon have done valiant that end. For instance, the writer worka on a
service for the workers. Keep up the good work road which employa during the winter season two-
There is a discontent amon^ the workers that means thirds more men than it does through the summer
much to our cause. The "CHILOLABOR" question season. As soon as there is a depression in busi-
is coming to the front as it should. We dont know ness these men are allowed to leave, only to be
whether our little ones are safe or not. If black ink rehired the next year with no chance whatever of
is not warm enough use RED. enrolling them. It is for this reason especially

Yours for the CHILDREN, " that we urge a reduction in time of service for a

Jambs A. Smith, new member.
906 B. Way, Oakland, Cal. Attorney at Law. The year 1906 was a record maker for the Grand

Lodge officers, which deserves and calls for com-

^ X* e i.* mendation from all members. One can hear noth-

Convention Suggestions. -^^ y^^^ j^^^^ a„d honor for them.

J. La FoNTAiifz.
I wish to express myself as taking an opposite

view to many of our brothers in regard to the

time of service required of a man before admit- LongvieW| TeXdS.

tance into our organization. In reading our

JouaNAL my attention was attracted to a letter In reading the March issue of the Journal, I

from Brother A. E. Kilgore, complaining of small realize that our Brotherhood has what I may call

attendance at meetings. This is a very common a very wise member in the person of Brother J.

complaint and should be stereotyped. But Brother T. Fraisure, of Lodge No. 507, a man of common

Kilgore objects to changing or shortening the time sense, who is looking forward for our future

limit for a new member, and will probably con- welfare.

tinue to express grief at small attendance at the After carefully reading his article in regard to

meetings. Now, Brother Kilgore, we are also establishing a home for our disabled members and

troubled with small attendance in our lodge, but a school for our orphan children, I think myself

we have never complained much, for we under- it would be one of the grandeat things a labor or-

stand the cause of this trouble, and we do not ganization could do, and for the B. R. T. to do

advocate the retention of a rule or law that is the such would be a crowning victory for its future

direct cause of our trouble. We have several men success and welfare, and also a marked example

employed on our road whom we have been inti- that others might follow.

mately acquainted with many years. They are an Brother Fraisure goes on further to tell us how

element which would do credit to any labor or- such may be done and asks who would begrudge a

ganization and the majority of them are anxiously five or ten cent assessment monthly.

waiting for this time limit to expire, or the revo- Speaking for myself and several other worthy

cation of this unnecessary and detrimental law. brothers of my personal acquaintance, would say

In spite of all that has and can be said in op- that we would cheerfully recommend that this be

position to a reduction of time of service for a brought before the next Convention and discussed

new man, it is my candid opinion that if our dele- thoroughly, and while our worthy delegatea from

gates could be brought in our territory where this our variotts lodges are discussing it in Atlanta,

rule has been a disadvantage to us and the direct let us kneel in prayer that such a home may be

cause of the present conditions on our road as established.

they now exist, it would not take them long to That Brother Fraisure's proposition may not

decide which way to vote, for they would readily meet with approval, allow me to make a propoai-

see how deceiving this law has been to us. I tion. That instead of having a convention every

would suggest that this time limit be reduced to two years, let us make it every four years and

six months, with much more vigilance in the the $80,000 to $100,000 paid out for conventions

future than has been exercised in the past and be donated to that worthy cause of establiahing

teduoed to three months for men who have been a home for disabled members oMhe Brotherhood

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 337

of Railroad Trainmen. Who of ut know what LikcS His W^tch.

moment we may be in need of aach a home. Life

is an uncertainty at any stage and we railroad men i received the watch O. K. and I am very proud

are more liable to the penis than any other cUss ^f j^, i received it on the 19th of February, and

of men. Now, should such a terrible thing hap- ^ ha^.j^ept excellent time since.

pen to one of our brothers, who has a large family Many thanks to you and my. or our, many

dependent solely on him for support, what is to frfends here. I did not know it would be so easy.

become of his family, namely, his children, who i .i,^, received a nice letter from the Webb C.

are practically left orphans. From whom and 3^,, Company, and I take great pleasure in show-

where are they to receive their education? Are |^ „y ^^^^^ ^^ ^^ 1^^^

they to be left to grow up in ignorance and be yf^^ ^^^ wishes, I remain,

drones in this wide world? Let us pray not. Yours in B. S. & L

For humanity's sake let us establish that needed p^ ^^ Huelbut

institution, that it might be a mark of bcnevo- jjq £ ^g^j, g'^^^ Tucson, Arix.

lence instituted by the Brotherhood of Railroad ^__^__«__»_^

Trainmen. Furthermore, I claim that this institu> i7Ju \7J 1 n "D "D

twn could be put upon a paying basis in a very rordham Yards, I. C. R. R.

short while. So many of our brothers, for in-

stance are disabled by the loss of a foot, an eye, When we love a person we of that most exclu-

an arm, etc, such brothers could be Uught a trade, 8>ve set known as the "Railway World" generally

—for insUnce. Uiat of shoemaker, harness maker, »how the warm disposition of our friendly nature

broom maker, or tailor, and many other similar hy the application of what is commonly designated

trades and they could manufacture goods and put »• a nickname. But what of all this when one of

them on the market tiiat our worthy brothers who the greatest writers. WUliam Shakespeare, can be

are sound might patronise our industry that bears quoted as having written: "What U in a name?

that beloved union label. -A 'o*^* >^ called by any other name, would smell

Furthermore, I ask worthy brothers, would this »» sweet."

not be far better than convfct labor? Look at the Capitalistic papers, in an endeavor to make fun

various things that are being manufactured by of the poor unfortunates, forced by unforseen

our prisons today. We could do all of this and in misfortunes to become tramps on our national

a short while have money coming into our treas- highways, have seen fit in mimicry of distressed

ury. The prisons are self-supporting and stiU not humanity to portray by cartoon and otherwise

one article that they manufacture bears the union this special product of their own, and nicknamed

labeL them. Dusty Roads, Rags, etc. But you. Rags, with

Now, my dear reader, in conclusion, I will say whom I am about to enter into combat armed

tiiat I merely write this tiiat it may be published wiUi a spear, pointed witii a gooscquill. and cooked

and read by my worthy brothers and ^be com- in writing fluid, did not receive this annexation

mented on, and should one of our delegates to tiie to your family cognomen because of lack of suf-

Convention see it, I trust that he may bring it fi««nt whole cloUi to cover your nakedness, but

before the Convention and not allow it to be rather from the shattered and Quixotic expressions

tabled untU a decision is rendered and Uiat much emanating from your as yet embryonic brain

needed home established. m11s> which in a fully matured and healthy male.

Yours in B., S. and L, should at your age and with your experience be

S. F. Adams. ^u^ly developed. In rendering this opinion I can

Lone Star Lodge No. 481. assure you it is not from heresay but from the

._...^___^_^ tone of your article to the Switchmen's Union

Journal which is a very awkward attempt at satire,

Schreiber, Ont. disparaging the efforts of those who are not mem-

— hers of your "Wee Union" and full of egoism

I have just read a letter that was written by a for your own efforU. forgetful of the saying that

member of Lodge No. 61 saying how he saved a "Self-praise is no praise at all." You also at-

hcad-on collision lietween a freight train and a tempt to follow in the learned footsteps of your

fast passenger train by getting on the pilot with big "Brother Jim," to whom in your apparent dis-

a fusee, and my opinion on the matter is that he tress of mind, you appeal for substantiation of

don't understand his business as a brakeman. certain alleged vagaries concocted in your weak

What he should have done was to tell the engi- moments for the purpose of exciting sympathy,
ncer to stop when he found that they were not all of which leaves you liable to arrest and on
going to get to the siding and clear the passenger evidence submitted by the production of your own
train five minutes and then run ahead with a red article (page 286. Journal S. U.) in evidence be-
lamp and fusee and if possible get to the required fore a lunacy commission you would stand con-
distance the Standard Rules calls for in flagging, victed. sentenced by your own production to pass
stop the passenger train and tell the engineer the at least a part of your life in a sanitarium — judg-
circumstances. then go back to his own train and ment rendered on the grounds not of exaggerated
bring it safely to the siding, he would have done ego as in the Thaw case, but of "exalted ego" as
the correct and safest thing. If he were on some applied in your article. You claim the switchmen
roads be would be dismissed at once for doing are leaving the "B. R. T. switchmen's lodge" and
what he did on the night he averted the accident drifting back into the S. U. Such is not a fact,
as his letter in the March Jouknal states. we might when reaping the harvest of 200 mem-
F. C. Aims TmoKG. hers you Tefer to have gathered in some tares and

8—1

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possibly in the winnowing process when casting hood; you say, "Why are you 'stinger' yardmasters
out the chaff a few good kernels might have slip- (using the plural) trying to give your own brother
ped away from us. We would liks to have kept Trainman F. M. Davis the worst of it?" There
them for educational purposes. Yet if what is our are three yardmasters employed in the night yard,
loss is your temporary gain we will certainly wish N. G. Y. M. T. £. O'Brien, B. R. T.; Assistants
you luck, knowing that when full growth and de- L. Waller, S. U. K. A., and F M Davis, B. R. T.
velopment of their mental faculties is attained This plainly demonstrates that you are afflicted
that they will realise their error and in company with another disease known as "prevarication,"
with others enlightened by their dearly paid for otherwise you would have come out in the open
experiences return to the fold, and instead of be* and not cast aspersions on one of the above
rating them for affiliating with your Union (of named men at the expense of the other. As I
which facts we have no cognizance) as you have have stated relative to the case already referred
done to those affiliated with the B. R. T. We to there may be some differences of opinion ex-
will wish them luck and love them jttst the same, isting between these officials. That is not for us
I hope that a spirit of jealousy does not pene- ^ judge; they are certainly competent of attend-
trate your mental organism because of the fact >"8 to their own affairs and any interference from
that the B. R. T. pays good wages to its organ- y®" " »" outsider so long as your interests are
isers. If such is the case and you are confronted "o* affected, denotes a narrowness between the
by an alienist and it is discovered that you have «y« a°d the assertions made in thU case are
symptoms of melancholia which means that you l^We to class you in the very undesirable posi-
are on the road to paranoia, a form of insanity ^ion as having a "manU" for untruthfulness,
almost incurable, it would indeed leave me in de- My advice to you is that as you are not in the
spair as I like to secure members who are fight- jurisdiction of these men you are not competent
ers and am in hopes when your eyes are opened to pass even an opinion and should therefore st-
and you emerge from your hallucination or em- tend your own affairs. Of their official capacities
bryo sute, whichever it may be, that I will be ^ presume the I. C company is the judge,
able to secure one more member for our Brother- You are also wrong about the N^ro question,
hood. Now Rags — ^unless driven to extremes I It was the extreme militant spirit displayed by
do not care to set a bad example by mud slinging the members of that "grand old Union" known as
at unions, and will endeavor to set you a good the S. M. A. A. It was this caused the railway
one. Your house is managed by yourself, wife managements to mix the yards as a menace and
"and hired help if she belongs to the union" be- possible lesson to the members of that organization
tween you. You lay out your operating ex* who could not be controlled by its teachings,
penditures and you would think it the height of i ^ai take one more quotation from your epistle
folly and impertinence on the part of any out- m^^] then finish.

sider who might attempt to dictate, let alone sug- „« -dot •** ^ j«j n «t. j* « u

, Lij a 1 M Your B. R. T. committee did all the dirty work

gest how you should manage your affairs. Now .. ... . . * ^l j * ^u

« « ft» ..1- J ./ 't they could do and have gone to the end of the

""^ K ^K r^% °; t,'.r A IZ '^'^ ^oP*» ^«' ^^^^^'* «ke finish the job yourself

your brothers Jim and Frank |160 and $300 per ^^ ^^^ g ^ ^^ ^,^ ^^ j^ ^^^ J^ ., ^^^^ .^

month that u your affair, we don t care who you ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^,^^

place in the field to do your organizing. .^^^^ ^^^ committee as dirty, that you subject

We intend to treat otir brothers selected to y^^f ^wn committee to condemnation as being

perform these most important functions as white dirtier still? I leave it to yourself.
as we possibly know how, and hope you will treat The general trend of your article U to condemn

yours the same, so here I will let that matter rest, ^u switchmen who are members of the B. R. T.

I would like to see a statement from the mys- and convey an impression that if they could be

terious B. R. T. man you refer to as having ob- brought to wear the S. U. emblem it would im-

tained instructions from our lodge as an organized prove their mental and physical make-up as well

body not to help Mr. Noll, S. U. of N. A. Mr. as their principles in generaL The emblem or

Noll, because of his peculiarities, has had more badge does not make the man if the principle is

helpers— O. R. C, B. R. T.. S. U. N. A. and absent Relative to our work I do not care to be-

nonair's than any other yard conductor employed come personal, if I did I would be forced to

by the I. C. R. R. He has many friends among assume the attitude I condemn in your case,

all of them, who like him just the same, and con- "Hearsay." You seem to lose sight of the fact

sider that they are perfectly capable of settling that even those who have taken pride in keeping

their own family affairs and little eruptions in the their escutcheon of unionism and labor free from

night yard without any appeal to the day men to taint could, if little personalities were indulged

act as arbiters, airing to the world in general in, be held up to public scorn and ridicule through

things of no importance only to gain a little cheap the medium of unthinking gossipers. And sgain I

notoriety. We know nothing of the day affairs state it is not dignified to treat on such subjects,

and therefore refrain from making any comment. I do not claim to be a preacher, but for your bene-

But you, Dear Rags, like the old woman who is fit I will quote as near as possible from the Great

alwajTS raising Cain by minding everybody's busi- Grand Master whom we all revert, through one

ness except her own, you appointed yourself a self form or another. When the learned msn of 1900

constituted judge of our night yardmasters, which years ago were about to stone a poor unfortunate

act is another evidence of your dementia. Allow woman for a sin supposed to have been committed,

me to substantiate with facts: you extoll Brother Christ happened along in tiffit \9 Int^rm^i m4

Pavii to the ikicf m4 tlwn to ilur tbe B^otbe^ rtisiog hit l»Md« said}

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339

"He among you that hath not sinned let him
be the first to cast a stone.'* They all sneaked,
a word to the wise is sufficient.

Now, Rags, you tell us you have been mjured
and that it will be a long time before you are
able to resume work. That coupled with yonr
self-estecm in stating that you secured 26 members
in the I. C terminals for the S. U. and the op-
portunity of securing the 17 "you say" dropped
the B. R. T. in November and the 21 in December
ought to, from the highly esteemed egotism in
your article, secure for you a position of prom-
inence in your organization and a salary com*
mensurate with the good work you will perform
by breaking up the B. R. T. switchmen on the I.
C. and I sincerely hope your reward will l»e as
great as the tribute we pay to our esteemed
Brother Lockwood. Also that your injuria* •*«^nta]
and otherwise will in the near future enable you
to be active with us once more, and that when
you recover from your exaggerated ego which is
responsible for all of your statements, I will be
only too glad, my **Dear Rags,** to furnish you
with an application to our Brotherhood.
Yours Fraternally,

Square Dial.

Morcshade Lodge, No. 706.

In the February issue the undersigned had an
article consisting of recommendations for the Con-
vention, one of which suggested twelve General
Fund assessments instead of eight, the additional
dollar thus collected to be used in payment of
funeral expense of $100, regardless of the brother's
membership, be it beneficiary or non-beneficiary.

I noticed this portion of the article had been
reduced somewhat from the original. I at first
thought this was done on account of space, until
I read the editorial page, which reads (upon this
subject): "That many well intentioned members
have offered plans for spending more money than
the Brotherhood receives." It has been suggested
that we pay dues twelve times per year instead of
eight to the General Fund. The difference of one
dollar thus paid to be used for payment of a death
benefit of $150. You also estimate the deaths at
1,000 per year, which would make $150,000 thus
paid out, while with the present rate of member-
ship we would only have received $84,000. Now,
Mr. Editor, I said nothing about $150 death bene-
fit, but did speak of $100 funeral expense, based
upon 1,000 deaths, would mean $100,000 per year,
or a deficit of $16,000 per year.

Is it not true that we paid from our General
Fund four years ago for the Wabash injunction,
the Mobile & Ohio strike and the Johnson case
a sum amounting to more than four times the sum
of the deficit? And was not our General Fund
larger two years ago than four years ago? Did
we not two years ago transfer from the General
Fund to our Protective Fund a sum greater than
four times the amount of this deficit and is not
our General Fund larger now than two years ago?
You may not like this particular suggestion (if you
do not) then throw all the cold water on it you
can find; do not misquote it nor cut the article
for tb« purpoM of miircpitientiof it; come ovt in

the open and defeat it. I believe history will
repeat itself and that we could make good this
deficit and two years hence our general ftrnd will
be larger than it now is.

I also believe that a movement of this character
ia as important to the future welfare of our
Bh>therhoo<l as any law we have in our Constitu-
tion and General Rules.

In the March issue of the Joubnal I see the
Financier of No. 589 takes a shot at my sugges-
tion 'on Grievance Committee Fund and offers a
new one as another way out of the "timber." I
would ask tne good members of Chicago how they
enjoyed paying the committee that secured the re-
cent increase in the switchmen's pay when the
switchmen all over the western cotintry were bene-
fited at their expense. My claim for my sugges-
tion is: that it would equalize the assessment and
cut out all this talk of yard men pa]ring road
men's Grievance Committee assessment. Each
member would pay his just proportion of the gen-
eral cost of maintaining grievance committees and
the "boomer" could not travel fast enough to
escape his share of the expense. Also a sum
equaling two or three hundred thousand dollars
as grievance committee fund would act as a great
incentive in assisting general managers to make up
their minds. I would also like to ask the good
brother of No. 589 how he would like to be as-
sessed his share in maintaining the present griev-
ance committee in Chicago. Would it not cut
quite a hole in a month's pay to do this? I am
still of the opinion that it would be better for
each member to pay his three dollars per year for
this purpose than to force members out of our
Brotherhood on the account of excessive grievance
committee's assessments.

It is possible that my views are decidedly wrong

in both cases, but have lived so close to "Miz-

zoury" for such a long period that I feel like the

average "Mizzouran." "You'll have to show me."

Yours truly,

EuGBNx Wright.

There was nothing material taken from the
article written by Brother Wright, nor was his
$100 "funeral expense" changed. It read $100
in his letter in February issue. The Journal did
incorrectly refer to it as $150, but not purposely.

Whether the amount named were to be called
"death benefit" or "funeral expense" the cost
would be the same to the Brotherhood.

Every member, regardless of his class policy,
would pay one dollar a year additional Grand
Dues. For this the Organization insurance agree-
ments would be increased $100 for each policy
payable for death. It is to be taken for granted
that the man who becomes disabled will not receive
anything for the dollar per year he has paid if
this proposition calls for "funeral expenses" only.

Brother Wright has carried his financial argu-
ment over a period of years that cover the most
prosperous period this Organization has ever
known. His figures extend over almost four years,
counting the M. & O. strike and the transfer of
funds from the General Fund to the Protective
Fund, which is included in the reports to bt sub-
mitted to this coming Conven^on. In addition to
tho fifvrft quoud bjr firotbcr Wri^t thert can bt

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added ilmOAt $6«000 ptid in donataont lyy the Bof-
lalo ConTeiitioii.

Expeoiet faaye also been paid for Denrer and
Buffalo ConTentiona out of the General Fund. But
if aU the propoaitions that have been adTanced that
intend to replenish depleted funda from the Gen-
eral Fund had been accepted there would be no
General Fund and extra assesamenta would be in
order*

Why woti!d it not be better to call things by
their proper names rather than to cover them up
by "extra" names, such as "funeral expenses?"

The figures presented as showing what has
been paid' from the General Fund are correct.
But they are not qualified by explanation that is
only fidr. The Organization has been moving
rapidly forward for the past ten jrears. Its reve-
nues have exceeded ita fixed charges because of its
additional membership. If the Organization had
to experience the times it experienced between
189t and 1807, with a strike or so included, the
General and Protective funds would be where they
were in 1805— on the wrong side.

Brother Wright admits his plan ia not self-sus-
taining. It purposes to draw from another fund
what it cannot bring to itself. This question was
before the Buffalo Convention and the General
Fund and ita purposes were explained by the
Grand Master at that time and so effectively that
no inroada were made on it.

If the Organisation can meet extra cxpenaea
from thia fund, so much thf better, but, is it not
a matter of business to know that the necessary
amount is there before there is a fixed charge
against it that must be met as a part of the in-
surance contract of every member?

There ia no disposition to throw cold water on
any proposition that promises for the betterment
of the Organization, but the JouaMAL believes it
would be unfair to not call attention to a propoai-
tion that is not good business.

The Organization accepted statements of this
kind at its 1808 convention and it paid the pen-
alty before two years had passed. It was prac-
tically bankrupt in 1805, when the experimenUl
legislation was repealed. We agreed, in 1808, to
pay out more money than we received because of
certain changea made in the Constitution which
the members of the Brotherhood repudiated in
1806; that left the Brotherhood with a debt of
close to $100,000. Prior to 1808, death claims
were paid, in some instances, before the member
was buried. After the experimental stage was
reached the Organization was threatened with a
receiver because it did not pay claims within the
time set by its own lawa.

What Brother Wright has said regarding pay-
menta for extra expenses is true, except that he
has overlooked a large part of it, but that is what
the General Fund is for. It is the working fund
of the Organization and the only one that can be
used for any purpose decided according to the
laws of the Brotherhood. If this fund is tied
last to the insurance contract it becomes subject
to the insurance laws of the several states and
can not be used if the insurance interests are
threatened by ao doing.

Taking it for granted that one man's dollar will

bring him just as much insurance, by any
aa another, the estimates furnished will not be
materially changed. Last year we paid 1,850
claims, which under the plan would have meant
an additional expense of $180,500, or a difference
of $46,500 in the amounts received and paid for
the past year, with other years in proportion.
Covering a period of four years, as his other esti-
mates do^ the demanda made on the General Fund
can easily be understood.

It may be that the estimates furnished by
Brother Wright would alwaya be correct. Again,
they might not It is apparent, however, that if
this plsn had been in operation for the past four
years that there would be an assessment necessary
to cover the expenses of this coming Convention,
but which can, and in all probability will, be paid
from the General Fund.

The supposition that the reference was made to
Brother Wright's letter alone is hardly correct.
There are suggestions in the Grand Lodge Office
(not to the Journal) advising that: '*when a
member becomes fifty years of age that his claim
be paid in full." This would allow a man to hold
membership five years and one month and then
receive the full amount of his policy. There are
other propositions that cover an extended line of
thought ranging from adding $160 to each policy
and paying the added amount from the sum saved
by holding Conventions every four yeara. This
would mean the cost of one Convention saved in
four years or, approximately, $00,000. If $160
had been added to each policy for the past year
it would have meant an added cost of approxi-
mately $800,000 for that year alone. Four years
on the same proportionate plan would have saved
$00,000 and cost the Brotherhood approximately
$800,000.

Whatever the Brotherhood decides to do on
these questions it will do despite the arguments
that may be raised by any of the brothers or the
JousNAL, but there are certain decidedly disastsous
legislative results that ought not to be overlooked
nor ought financial propositions be accepted with-
out careful analysis.

The expenses incurred during the Chicago
switching settlement were not paid by the Chicago
switchmen alone. They were paid by all membera
on the systems represented.

D. L. CiASS, Editor.

Columbus, Ohio*

Recently the amusement was afforded me of
reading a letter written under date of February
8d, 1007, by First Vice Grand Master J. B.
Connors of the S. U. of N. A. As a former
member of that organization employed in yard
aervice on the Big Four system, but now a mem-
ber of our Brotherhood, I became disgusted with
the mud-throwing tactics of the S. U. and the
utter inability of that organization (if indeed it
can be called an "organization'*) and ita commit-
tees to "mske good" after their numerous grand
stand plays.

Mr. Connors, as late as February Srd, appears
to be laboring under the impreasion that the yard

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL 841

men on the Bit Four are etUI worldng under the I succeeded to the chairminthip •£ the G. G. C

S cent per hour advance which their committee so on November 10th« 1006, and at 11 A. M. Nov-

gladly accepted from our General Manager on the ember 80th, General Secretary F. W. Morwick and

afternoon of November S8th, 1900, and which the myself interviewed General Manager Van Winkle

General Committee of the B. R. T. had refused in his office at Cincinnati and secured a data

at 11 A. M. the same dsy. I would infer from from him for the adjustment of our schodula for

this that the Grand Officers of the S. U. have November SOth.

been kept in blissful ignorance by their commit- On that date our entire committee, 18 men aU

tee men on this system of the fact that effective xq\^^ ii of whom were yard men, entered Mr.

January 1, 1907, a 4 cent per hour flat raise y^ Winkle's office and taking up the yard ached-

went into effect in all yards on the system, and yje first, asked for a 4 cent per hour flat raise for

that the old reliable B. R. T. had won when they y„^ foremen and helpers in all yard* on the

had failed. Possibly, had Mr. Connors been aware gyttem and a decided change in yard rules and

of these facts he would have used a decidedly dif- n»»g^ This being unsatisfactory to the manage-

ferent tone in the above mentioned letter, wherein nj^nt, Mr. Van Winkle then submitted a counter

he sets forth in a rather bombastic manner, thus, proposition offering us the 4 cents per hour for

"It seems to me that the switchmen on the Big Cincinnati. East St. Louis and Cairo, Qeveland

Four should know by this time that their only y^i^ ^^ ^^ij y^^^ g^ ^;^ ^|^ enjoying the 4

salvation (mark the expression) is to join the S. ^^^ p^, hour raise, and the oxly yard on the

U. of N. A., and that if we (meaning the S. U.) entire system wherein the S. U. men were in the

had had the switchmen soUd on the Big Four we a^ority. Notwithstanding that in the letter I

would have got a 4 cent an hour increase instead ^^y^ previously mentioned. Mr. Connors refers

of S cents." to Cincinnati, DanviUe and Sandusky at being

Verily, where ignorance is bliss, 'tis folly to yards with an S. U. majority.

be wise, and the knowledge of "passing events." At Cincinnati the B. R. T. are in the decided

was no doubt withheld from Mr. Connors out of niajority. At Sandusky one yard engine is worked

pure consideration for his feelings. It is too bad ^^ ^jj^ g,^^ ^f jj^^ consists of one B. R. T.

then that a member of the B. R. T. must of ^^^^ ^^ g y „„^^ and one No BilL At Dan-

needs say to tne big guns of the S. U.i "Wake yi;^^ i j^y^ve four engines are worked and we

up and realize that the switchmen on the Big Four 1^,^^ a representative from there on our commit-

are seeking the salvation Mr. Connors refers to ^^e now. The above offer having been made for

by getting into the B. R. T. as fast as they can. ^^ y^rds named, a S cent per hour increaw was

For they know now wherein their interests lie, offered for all other yards on the system,
and which of the two organixatums represent yard November 27th our committee again met at Mr.
service on this system, and they are showing their Van Winkle's office and insisted on a 4 cent per
appreciation of what the B. R. T. has done for y^^^ ^^ increase in all yards on the system,
them in a manner befitting men of good sense wd j^ ^i^j, ^^ ^ ^^t^er respecto our demands were
judgment. exactly the same as on the SOth. But the man-
Mr. Connors also seeks in his letter some infer- agement would not "come over."
mation as to how the men feel about joining the November 28th we repeated our proposidon of
S. U. and sUtes that if they are "favorable" he August 27th verbatim, and Mr. Van Winkle
wUl "come on and fix them up." Let me say to the gtrengthened his previous offer by conceding to us
gentleman that the B. R. T. will do aU the neces- ^^c "Penalty noon-hour." We again refused his
sary "Fixing up" on the C. C. C. & St. L. and ^^jf^r and he sUted that it was the best he could
m the most approved style too. jo. At 11:16 A. M. we adjourned for lunch.
If you can spare me the space, Mr. Editor, I y^^ van Winkle saying he could not see us im-
weuld like to give a brief history of our recent mediately after dinner as he had an engagement,
negotiations and settlement for yard service with i^ ^^ consequenUy arranged that he would ad-
our management at Cincinnati. This for the in- ^,^ ^ ^ telephone at what time he pould again
formation of our own members, and for the satis- ^^ ^^

factien and possible consolation of our sorrowful «•«•»«» i .j.. .« •

and down-hearted S. U. brethren. ^* '•^* ^' ^ ^^ ^^'^ ^^^ ^^^ gentleman's

During the hitter part of February and forepart «««« •"^ ^ informed him that we would accept

of March, 1900, the B. R. T. General Grievance nothing less than the 4 cent per hour flat raise in

Committee for the Big Four met at IndianapolU, *U y»rds "little and big," on the system. He

Ind., and formulated our schedule, and thia ached- would not agree to our terms and informed us that

ule was submitted to Mr. J. Q. Van Winkle, then he had granted the S. U. representatives an au-

Oneral Superintendent, during the early days dience during the interval following our morning

of March. It contained among other things for session. That he had offered them the same aa

yard service the "Penalty noon-hour." . Shnilar he had offered us and that they kad accepted it

in wording to article 4, ysrd rules of our present ^ fi^^ ^^^ g^^^ awv

Khed.de. Sab«q»ently Mr. V« Winkle wr<^te .ommltte.", I .ndetttud. luff teen

our (kneral Chairman and also the general chair- , ^. . . , « j .^

men of the O. R. C, B. L. F., and B. L. E. *« Cmcinnati several weeks off and on previous to

asking for a postponement of consideraHon of our ^•^ *°d this was the first offer they had had

schedule in view of the then impending strike of from the management. And they accepted it.

the coal miners. This delay was agreed to by Accepted, and gladly enough, I grant you, that

the four named orders. which the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen had

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342 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

finally and flatly refuaed to accept not five hours Elkhart, lod.

previously. Then they returned to their homes

«>d tried to K»«re th«n«l«. «U, th**' «»; We «e taking in a few new oemben onee in .

TTu ^ '^T^!" *« report that the B. of ^^ «aj there i, plenty of good material in our

^ T^u ,.i^"c ITI^Tk. "" Jurl»<Uction yet. both in road and yard «nriee, if

"V!l'. ^ ^ ^■ud ~m; ^ brother, would only .peak to them and try to

pened to aecep^ lie .ame. MjJang m you will ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ j^ ^^ ^^^^ ^

'^''.u*,: ^^T.^ . S!" « I ««»°"' «* how any man with the leaat .park of

cepted the three cents, but trying at the same time __ , _. - ^v * *u*u iZ^—j -

^ '^ . . ^, -v..^ / Tu ^ * manly self-respect can bear to watch the struggles

to unload the responsibiuty for that acceptance on - , / - „ o »». u j i j * *i.-

-.u T» r » »n A J .!-• i'^« ^ • 1 u of his fellow Brotherhood workmen and accept the

the B. of R. T. And this little tnck, so charac- -^ j u £*. * u ^ i .1. * i j

^ ' s^ r.LOTT.i v-iT^ -^ resulU and benefiu of such struggles without lend-

tenstic of the S. U., takes me back to a year ago. . ... . . ^ * • j

--„ »^ j.^fu * Tj- !• "»g a helping hand. Every trainman or yardman

When I returned to Columbus from Indianapolis • .^ * tT ir * u •.. * u- r n

,. ... , . .*j ..u ir^Vu* owes It to his self-respect, he owes it to his fellow

they handed out a bunch of dope to the effect that - . ^. . .... . j

T if J V -. r »* ^ «f 1 1 . .^^ workmen, to everything he holds near and dear,

I had been run out of Mr. Van Winkle's oflSce * , . / . •*! ..u t> * r» 'r j j u-

.... X .J 1. .1- X ^t *u * *u to join hands with the B. of R. T. and do his

and had been told by that gentleman that ths . ' . ^. ^ .. .. t. . ^l

o ., . . TT • u 1 • 1 *^ r Au ^ J share in the movement that means so much to the

Switchmen s Union would legislate for the yard . , ^. , . . t«f*u ». *

^. .. ^. * , ' members of the grand organization. With what

men on this system. Now, that was simply an un- , -j ^u -o « » rn *_ u- * «

.,.,. '',_^.- *.. "f. ^ manly pnde the B. of R. T. man meets his fellow

varnished lie started for the purpose of boosting '^^ ^j^i r t. - ^

^•-•-^t- /m. i.j..i.^v * ♦ workman — consaous of duty alone, of having done

their stock. They had to have something to pat . . _^ . _^.„ . . ... . t ,

themselves on the back over. But in circulating ^" .P^' •"/* "*»" ?^'"«. **' *»* 1**^^ *^*^ ?"**

this yam that did not compliment our general f*'"*^* TJ^u r""' Z"^"" "^^^ ! "k"**' *w-JL'

hi hi th d'd ot « e him *"' benefits that some other gained for him. With

jvl* t_ • / L ^ ^ .11 j*«-\ *»>• receipt in his pocket, his certificate of honor,

credit for knowing (as he most assuredly does) . , "^ , .,1 ^ ... ^ j , 1 r • j

,. , ,. . 1 -^ ^u * u X lu «- *»« knows he will meet with true and loyal fnends

the relative numerical strength of each of the sev- . . euiji...j ,. x

eral organiMtion. on hi. .yrtem. I do not know "''f"" ''« ~'' «»• Should h* be in i«arri. of

whether thi. fairy tale wa, put in print in the «»P'<'y'»«'«. >>. tod. on every h«,dtho.e ready

"pink pamphlet" with the burial vault derign on ^ "»** hun and .hould .n,u.t,ce be done hjm.

*u \ just as eager to defend. We have quite a number

* ^°^ '' of members in No. 28 today who just pay their

Throughout the whole affair they have simply dues and wear a button. They think they are

gathered up handfuls of mud and tried, with the Brotherhood men. Well, they are — in name only,

tactics for which the S. U. is noted, to besmirch Members of No. 28, come to meetings 1 I don't

the name of an organization which does business think much of a man who cannot spare one after*

in an honorable, businesslike manner, protects its noon or evening in the mondi to come to lodge

members and its contracts as well« and in whose meeting. The officers are imbued with a desire

membership is enrolled in yard men alone more *^^ possess a determination to work for the best

than three times the number of their toUl mem- interesU of No. 28. It is but proper to make not«

bership. OhI it is a shame that the big dog will J^ the fact, however, that no matter how anxious,

not give the bone up to the Uttle cur, and then ^'>:^^ *^»^ ""Lrv^^'^^ "fT "^^ .^' ^*^

. , , n mil nuike but little actual headway unlew they

v«»te the kennel a. weU. ,^,, y^„^ ^^„^ ^^ ^^^^i,, ^..^^^^^ ^

To make a long story short— our general man- lodge is what the members of that lodge make it,

ager tried, by means of acquainting us with the no better, no worse. As members of No. 28, its

fact that the S. U. had accepted his offer, to force future, iU progress and success are as much in

us into accepting it also. We did not do so, how- y^^ *»«»<>» »• « the keeping of the brothers you

ever, and finally, with the assistance of a Grand «1«^ " officers. The Master might be the best

Lodge officer, the general grievance committee of °««\ >° ^ ^""^^ P«».^ *» "»« qualifications to

the B. of R. T. for this system settled for yard rA"'''"t ".„• P'*"*^'^.^,^^^^ ^^ «^«^?^^*'

. ^ . V . * ^ 1- ^1 a. *>"t his work will be as fruitless as one can imsg-

service, the increase being four cents per hour flat, .^^ ^,^ ^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ j^ ^^^ ^^^^

and in some yards seven and nine cents, with the ^g ^^ ^^^ y^„^ j^, ^^^^ ^^^ confidence to

penalty noon-hour, and other changes in yard y^u, executives, they will feel encouraged and

rules. We also secured a contract signed by Mr. ^ork the harder. If you have any criticisms to

Van Winkle, myself and General Secretary F. W. offer on the methods employed, bear well in mind

Morwick, and I guess that is pretty near the that right here on the floor of the lodge is where

goods. you can get a hearing and action that will correct

_ , . I. .1. _u 1 either error or abuse, if such exist. One of the

In conclusion, permit me through your columns ^„.„„^ ^j . ,.^^^ up-to-date lodge is well at-

to thank every member of our committee for their ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^,y meetings. Make it a point

able assistance during our negotiations, and to ^ ^^^^^ j^j ,, often as possible and all will

commend them for their genUemanly demeanor, ^ ^ell. "In time of peace prepare for war."

which I do not hesitate to say contributed very Let your watchword for 1907 be as was in the

largely toward our success in settiing for yard February JoumNAL, "Holler all the time in behalf

service on this system. Fraternally yours, of the Brotherhood." Every member hustle and

Thos. p. Rud,

mean it. Don't let the officers do it all. Of course
they are responsible for the business of the lodge.
Lodge No. 176. ^^jt come up and help them and thereby help them
C. G. G. C. Big Four System. and yourselves; read your Journal every month.

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843

who your Constitution, and s«e if you are living
up to it. We have a few men of the rererte curve
denomination here, but they are very quiet and we
get along well with them. Businett has been
pretty good on the Lake Shore this winter. I
remain. Fraternally yours,

P, J. DxLLOir,
Vice Master No. as.

do it, my boy, I have to work every day so I can
keep you in food and what few clothes you need.
And that is the way it goes every day— fourteen
hours a day for $1.90. The writer gets paid for
ten hours and works fourteen. What is there that
is wanted? Wanted? Wanted? Why, the in-
jured want the help of the Brotherhoods.
Yours in B., S. & I.,

A MSMlBt.

Wanted.

I suppose each one of you read the JonmNAL; if
not, you should. As we look through its pages we
often see where some trainmen on certain rail-
roads received an advance in salary or they are
going to get after more pay and shorter hours.
Not long ago all railroads raised their conductors,
brakamen, flagmen, engineers and firemen. The
writer asks, did anyone read or hear anyone say
that the injured employe got a raise of pay? No,
not one, and every day, month and year the in-
jured man goes without any protection or a raise
of pay. What is wanted is some protection for
you when you are injured and for the many in-
jured at the present time. The number of injured
is not growing smaller. It gete larger every day
and who is going to help the injured if the Broth-
erhoods do not The injured can not get together
because they are scattered along over the different
divisions of the many railroads, watching crossings
or throwing switches at some division point for a
salary of about $35 to $40, and very seldom over
$40 per month. You can see there is a great deal
needed. It takes just as much to live on after
you are injured as it does before you are injured,
and who is there under the face of the sun can
live, or half way live, on the salary that an injured
employe receives for his twelve and fourteen hours
a day shift. And then the writer has had brothers
tell him that he had a fine position, home every
night. Yes, after he has put in fourten hours and
received $1.20 for hb service. A great deal is
needed in a case of this kind and we can't get
what is needed because the Brotherhoods say they
cannot help. It is all a mistake, and the writer
would like to see someone bring up the subject at
the next Convention so the injured will be pro-
tected the same as the man who is not injured.
The injured has feelings and his family is just as
dear to him as any man's family. But what is
wanted is a little protection and a little better sal-
ary so the injured can protect their families a little
better, so they can get books for the little ones
who go to school and buy shoes and clothing that
will keep the body warm. Wanted? There are
a good many things wanted for the injured em-
ployes. Let a man get injured and then he will
see what is wanted, and it won't take him very
long to find it out Suppose a company gets tired
of an injured emplojre and discharges him, then
what is wanted? Why, a little protection. From
whom? The Brotherhoods. Protection can be
had for the injured just as easily as the raise of
pay was gotten for the injured, provided the
Brotherhoods go after it.

The writer has had his little son of nine years
ask more times than he could count '*Papa, can't
you go to church Sunday with me?" No, I can't

Poor Discharged And Rich
Pensioned.

In the Washington (D. C.) Star of March the
1st I read this pitiful tale of the discharge of
forty-one old men and old women im the mail-bag
repair shop of the Postoffice Department without
any notice and the leaving of them with no means
of making a living. There is plenty of work to do
but the postal system wante places for new pets
who have done something for their party, don't
you know. Some of these old people have grown
old in the work; most of them are old soldiers, or
the widows of old soldiers, and all have families
dependent on their miserable wage. The paper
says that the scene, when they received their fatal
yellow envelopes, was intensely pathetic; some of
the women fainted, since all had nothing but
charity to live on now that their jobs were taken
from them.

Now, listen I On the same day that this oc-
curred the Senate passed a bill giving the widow
of ex-Senator Hawley a pension of fifty dollars a
month, though it was established that she was living
in Europe and has a fortune. Hawley for years
served the corporations and received $6,000 a year,
besides perquisites, but working people are ex-
pected to save money out of two dollars a day to
keep him and his in their old age. Mrs. Hawley
propably never did a day's work in her life, and
she must not be allowed to. Let the common herd
do the work. That is all they are fit for. They
are made to serve the rich, and when the rich lose
or squander their incomes, they must be pensioned
at the expense of the poor. Will the working peo-
ple never get their eyes open? Not only Mr.
Hawley, but thousands of other parasites are draw-
ing pensions; and they do it because the people
vote the old party tickets. It's up to the people.
W. J. Bowman,
Cincinatus Lodge No. 148.

Camden, N. J.

I believe every railroad man should note the
men who get a furlough or resign their positions
at just the time when many or any of the railroads
in this country are voting on the question of
strike.

I know some men who came under my notice
lately were experienced railroad men and they
did not have to patronize scab employment agen-
cies to secure work at this time when railroad
men are in demand throughout the entire country.

I want to tell you a camera is a very handy
thing to have when you are around the "Hobo"
headquarters, so I say again, remember the man

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

who learet for parts unknown. I hmve in mind
one of those fellows who walked up to an agency,
looked up at the place in a sheepish sort of a way,
then glanced up and down the street, thinking no
one saw him, he dodged in. The next day this
fellow was asked to explain his conduct and he
was disgrace<L

I like the proposition of the brother from Chi-
cago, in the JouaNAL for March, to have each
lodge of the system carry an advance fund for
general grievance work; and I would also suggest
that general committeemen be allowed one vote
for each fifty men he represents in general com-
mittee meetings. I believe also in the idea of
allowing each delegate in the Convention one vote
for each fifty men in his lodge; this would give us
proportionate representation.

Let us trust the committee will change our
ritual. I suggest they make it as brief as possible
and have much of that which now takes so much
of ottr lodge time put into our Constitution and
give us more time to consider the protective fea*
ture of the Brotherhood.

I would like to see the yard men on all large
systems have separate committees, both local and
generaL

The P. K. R. lines east (general committee)
have just settled with the management of that
company, and while the committee was not entirely
satisfied, they compromised rather than go to an
issue at this time.

We have all learned a great lesson in this move-
ment, and I know the next session of this P. R. R.
general committee will not 'he quite so expensive
either to the men or the company. This fact will
be good news to all interested.

J. F. Gapvmky, No, 857.

apolis March Sd, knd listened to some very able
arguments produced in reference to formulating a
plan of adopting a salaried chairman, which I be-
lieve is a good idea. We all know that many a
good man has lost his position for no other reason
than that he was a member of a grievance com-
mittee. That would be done away with to a cer-
tain extent We would still have to have griev-
ance committees, but they would present their
grievances to the Board instead of going before
the general manager. That is my understanding
of the object, and if that is correct our expenses
would be fsr less than under the present system.
The meeting to be held at Buffalo the 88th of this
month will decide to a oertain extent whether this
plan will be adopted or not. Will some brother
suggest a method by which we can have a better
attendance at our meetings. We have no com-
plaint as far as taking in new members. We have
about 860 members in good standing. We have a
nice hall and good ofiicers, but with all this we
have a very poor attendance.

Wishing success to the B. of R. T. and L. A.,
I am in B. L.«

JouaNAL Aqxnt,
Inland City Lodge, No. 874.

Indianapolis, Ind,

I have been reading in our JouaNAL remarks
from different members in regard to our next
Convention, and some of them I think are very
wise, especially in regard to holding our Conven-
tion every four years instead of two. If, as has
been suggested, there could be a saving of from
$75,000 to $80,000 by holding our Convention
every four years, I cannot see why this is not a
good idea. This would make a neat little sum to
add to our reserve fund. While our Order is in
the heydey of its prosperity, now is the time to
provide for adversity. If our officers are good
and capable enough to serve two years, why are
they not good enough for four? I think we have
got the finest lot of officers that ever was placed
at the head of any organization. They have all
come up from the bottom; they all know what it is
to climb the ladder of a box car; none of them
has come into prominence through the influence of
a rich father. We have a leader who knows no
superior; he is a man who is respected by employ-
ers and employes.

Our sister order took a step in the same direc-
tion at their last convention, but only for three
years. I would like to hear an expression on
this subject from some of the brothers.

I had the pleasure of attending the joint meet-
ing of the O. R. C. and B. R. T. held at Indian-

A Chance To Make An Easy Extra.

There isn't a reader but who would be perfectly
willing to make a little easy money. We offer
the chance for every member to make a fair week's
wages by getting subscriptions for the JouaNAL.
Our prize offers are of the best Our watches
are among the best on the market and sell for
$50.00, $86.00 and $80.00 and our commissions
offered through them run from 100 to 68 per cent
which is about as high as can well be paid for
any kind of agency work.

We do not want our brothers to ask their friends
to subscribe for this JouaNAL by putting up a
plea for charity. There is no charity about it
We contract to give a dollar's worth of goods
for the dollar paid for subscription. We want
every business and professional man to know
something of this organization and we believe that
if they will read the JouaNAL they can gain the
information desired as well as much other useful
economic education that will not hurt them any.

You advise Mr. Businessman that the TaAiN-
men's JouaNAL is a business proposition with you,
and him, just as he will tell you that what he
wanta to sell you is. He would not think of
denying a hearing to a solicitor for other business,
not by a long shot If he does not want the
JouaNAL, we do not want him to have it but if
he .can be persuaded to take it as he takes other
publications we want him to have it and we hope
our brothers will not let him get away without the
asking.

Send for subscription blanks and receipt book,
look over the list of prices in the advertising
psges and then get to work, make a little easy
over time, and put the JouaNAL where it will do
the most good for your Brotherhood^.^

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KDITORilAL

Vol. XXIV.

No. 4

The Distinctions And Effects Of Caste,

John Bright, referring to India, said, ''Ed-
ucate the people of India, govern them
wisely, and gradually the distinctions of
caste will disappear." The desirability of
the elimination of caste in India is fully un.
derstood by those who govern it for the
laws of Brahmanism have not assisted in
the development of that country and as long
as they maintain, there will be the disad-
vantages of a condition that forbids asso-
ciation of class that keeps the people di-
vided into their hereditary castes with no
hope of ever getting out of them. India
has not succeeded in eliminating caste and
as long as the laws of Brahma maintain, she
never will

Outside of India the division of society
on artificial grounds, such as hereditary
privilege, wealth or power, has brought into
being a class distinction that is becoming
more threatening to the material progress
of all of the people every day it continues.

All men are born free and equal is so
often quoted that one might suppose there
was something in it, but if there is the con-
dition does not maintain after the first
breath of the new bom. The expression
has never been taken seriously, for it is one
of those fancy flights of imagination pecu-
liar to the writer and speaker who seek to
express nice things without due regard for
their values. It is giving expression to an
ideal state, rather than telling of what is,
that prompts the statement The cold, hard
facts tell a different story and are not cal-
culated to please one who has the time to

read of, or listen to, and digest how blessed
he is in his equal state.

If all society were to be divided on merit
alone, who would be the judge of fitness
for the different classes? For there would
be classes. No judgment would answer the
popular idea and as it is natural for differ-
ent qualities of mind, privilege, wealth or
assumed power to flock together, society
gathers each individual to his kind and
class and, in the power of numbers, that
class seeks to better the social standing of
all of its members through ways that appeal
to it as productive of the best results. And
this is not all for, like the Hindoo, the peo-
ple of one class feel it degrading to asso-
ciate with those of a caste they have de-
cided to be inferior.

This is not to apply alone to society as un-
derstood from a purely social point of view,
which is usually a woman's quarrel, taken
up by her fool men friends and pushed to
the limit of their social and financial re-
sources. This "society" feature of mod-
em, superior caste, is serious enough in
its way, but not half as serious as that feel-
ing of superiority that prompts every man
to refuse to assist his brother who is a lit-
tle lower down the social and economic
scale.

We talk of human brotherhood. Outside
of the working classes there is no such thing
in a general sense. The poor have no sym-
pathy for the rich, the rich have no sympa-
thy for the poor, the middle class is between
and just as far from both so far as exchange

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846 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

of helpful interest goes. There are all kinds where their employments are .not inter-
of gradations and the easiest way for the changeable and wages not affected by what
reader to figure this out for him, or herself, is paid to each class. The conductor, brake*
is to take up a personal review of one's ac- man and switchman can get along very well
quaintances, friends and then the others together because what affects one affects the
one knows only by chance information or other. If, however, the gilt braid and long
observation, and think which ones are equal coat encourage the class feeling of the con-
and congenial, those not quite so congen- ductor, he may want to "herd" by himself
ial, which ones are admittedly superior and so as not to lose caste by mixing up with
inacessible and the others ''with whom we the others. This is merely a figurative ex-
do not care to associate." This is one ex- pression and not to be taken as personal
oellent method for finding out what caste The same can be said of any other classes,
means as applied to our society. You know To be very plain about it we find that
that you will enjoy yourself with certain class feeling in labor bodies is very pro-
persons, you know you will be awed by and nounced. We also find that the man who
classed as impossible by others and you also is held to be inferior because of occupation
know there are those ''you wouldn't touch and wage will be more ready to go to the
with a ten foot pole." This is caste, limi- assistance of his superior fellow than the
ted. high and mighty co-employe will ever be

The class conscious socialist has the right to go to the help of the lowly one. The

idea when he purposes to make all men suf- man way down the ladder may have more

fer equally in order to create one grade of get up, more brains and a thousand times

society, equal in condition so far as it ap- more decency than the other, but class dis-

plies to living needs, and from which he tinction holds him fast and be is expected

hopes to bring about a fairer degree of to give up while the other is not This is,

equality for all mankind by keeping them in however, only a part of the story. It is no

the same class. It would be a rather diffi- special plea for all men to get together for

cult proposition to reconcile all. minds to they will not Even if they do try it, the

one kind of thinking and different thinking first time their boasted equality is put to

makes different classes and, so, it has al- the test it goes to pieces for the high class

ways been. man will not submit to the equality of his

But, as there are classes divided among less fortunate fellow,

themselves and subdivided again and again If the writer could see the time when all

the idea ought to obtain some standing, one men of one common class were together he

of these days, that there could be a let up would be fairly well content By this is

to some of the foolish class notions for the meant, not one particular occupation but all

general betterment of all of us. We do not occupations of the same character, with

care particularly whether the superintend- practically the same wages and in inter-

ent's wife goes shopping with the brake- changeable employments. This is dream

man's wife or not The chances are very enough without^ getting into the nightmare

remote. But we do care whether the en- of impractical equality,

gineer, conductor, brakeman, fireman, teleg- But this question does not apply alone to

rapher and switchman purpose to forever labor organizations, aristocratic society and

maintain a class feeling that holds one from the "submerged tenth" with all the grada-

realizing that class barrier is working to tions in between. It applies to every func-

thcir disadvantage. We might just as well tion of government and business,

go on down the line and take in every rail- Mr. Charles Edward Russell, in the Cos-

road employe. Consistent with this kind of mopolitan for March, 1907, writes on this

argument it would be proper, but to prove question of caste a^ it is found in our politi-

there is class, the idea has never been en- cal and governmental life and from it we

tertained seriously by the first mentiontd quote the following:

employes, but this is their error. "In the last few years we havt seen In

Practically, we find that where men are commercial life the developing of a class

benefited by association they will hang to- of men that, on the testimony of the Presi-

gcther better and more effectively than dent of the United States, are immune

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

347

against the operation of laws that poor men
fear. It is true; no man may deny it In
July, 1904, one hundred and twenty-seven
men of our lower castes were brought be-
fore a United States judge in a western
state charged with contempt of court in
violating an injunction that forbade them
to step over an imaginary line in the pub-
lic highway. And these men were punished
for their contempt And in April, 1903, at
Chicago, another United States judge had
issued an injunction forbidding sixteen high-
caste citizens to violate a statute of the
country, framed to prevent them from rob-
bing the public And for two years there-
after these sixteen high-caste citizens con-
tinued every day to violate the law and to
violate also the injunction forbidding them
to violate the law. And when after great
effort by a conscientious public oflficer they
had been indicted for violating the injunc-
tion and robbing the public, it was discov-
ered that high-caste citizens could not be
punished because they were members of
corporations, and they went free. But no-
body ever found anything of that kind to
protect the low-caste men dragged to court
for contempt, nor for violating laws nor
for violating injunctions. It is true. We
do not like to admit it, we hate to have
anybody refer to it, and we think it is bet-
ter not discussed; but it is exactly and
literally true, just as I have told it

"And meantime, beyond denial and
whether we like it or not, we have seen a
huge caste grow up utterly dependent upon
another caste for daily bread and for life
itself. We have seen the dependent castes
become more dependent, and the employ-
ing caste become more powerful and more
autocratic. Who shall deny it? We have
seen the employment and therefore the ex-
istence of two million men dependent upon
the will of seven sitting in an office in
Broadway. We have seen the tradesman
caste slowly turning into a servant dass
dependent upon the same seven or some
other. We have seen the caste lines
strengthen upon the tradesmen and work-
men and bind them fast, so that hereafter
they shall have no more chance to escape
from the caste pit than they might have in
India. It is true. We have seen the power
exerted from No. 26 Broadway become liter-

ally greater than the power exercised by
any absolute monarch in the world, a power
over men's employment and bread and ways
of life, over the laws that guide them, and
subtly over the newspapers that inform them
and the schools and colleges that educate
their children. It is true. We do not like
to think of it, but it is true. We have seen
this power pass laws and choose public
officers and defy courts and dominate the
government, and all these things have been
part and parcel of the development of the
times.

"Part of it? They arc the development
Inevitably, always, everywhere, such things
accompany the breeding of the caste idea.
There never was caste in any comer of the
globe without them. Class divisions a^e
solely a matter of concentrated power; they
have no root but in one form or ai^otl^er of
autocracy. It is not normal for one man
to abase himself before another, nor to pro-
claim his own inferiority, nor to crawl in
the dust to another such piece of clay as
himself. When he does these things he does
them from compulsion. It is not normal
for one man to ride upon another's neck.
When he does so he does so because in
some way he has obtained the power to do
so. Wherever about this world caste has
existed, it has kept exact measure with
coercion, it has been an exact index of the
power of the powerful and the weakness of
the weak. To this there never has been and
never will be an exception. Caste is simply
this, that the man that by reason of power
stands at the top extorts homage from
those below him; and in the degree that
those below him share his power, for the
obeisance they must make they soothe their
pride by exacting obeisance from others.
And nowhere in this world has caste been
able to make head when power was re-
served in the hands of the people.

"These are obvious truths, are they not?
Nobody denies them. Then let me call your
attention to the next great fact

"The growth of caste in this country has
kept pace, step by step, with the growth of
political corruption and of the power of
political bosses that have largely usurped
the place of the people's will

"How much arc the people consulted
about the make up or actions of their legis-
latures? How much do they really have to

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

say as to who shall govern them? What
do the people know about any of these
men? Who fills out the party tickets in
the big dties?— and in the small, for that
matter? Who decides who shall be mayor
of Baltimore and who shall be clerk of
Skowhegan? And who are the bosses and
machine managers and slate writers that
have thus taken out of the people's hands
the power of government? Where do they
come from? Who gives them the means to
effect these revolutions? The corporation
caste; nobody else. In every case, without
exception, everywhere, they are maintained
by corporation power; always the funds
wherewith they support the machines and
perform their tricks are supplied from cor-
poration coffers. They are the servants of
the 'immune' caste, they are kept in power
by the Brahmans of America— and by no-
body else.

**And it is not only in corrupt politics that
the ramifications of this insidious thing are
visible; it is in clean politics as well. Not
long ago in England fifty-one labor men
were elected to Parliament. How many la-
bor men are in the American Congress?
How many could you send there? Imagine
a cooper like Will Crooks laying down his
tools and going to Washington to make
laws. The lawyer caste and the corpora-
tion caste and the Brahman caste would
cover him with ridicule and thrust him out
of doors. The mere fact that he worked
with his hands would be enough. Last fall
some workmen in Indiana thought they
ought to be able to do there what working-
men had done in England, and they nomi-
nated a workingman for Congress. Instant-
ly all the higher castes combined against
him; Republicans and Democrats lost sight
of their differences before the awful threat
of a workingman in Congress; all other
hands were jomed to throttle that demon.
Look in the records; it is all there. In a
thriving Scotch town of my acquaintance
(Kirkintilloch, if you wish the name) one
6f the most active members of the town
council is an iron molder working daily at
his trade. Even in Carlsbad the man in
the council that plans all the improvements
and leads in all the progress is a shoemaker
with a shop six by ten feet Any iron
molders or shoemakers in your city coun-
cil? I think not. There used to be such

thmgs in the old days before the corporation
caste and the boss caste became powerful
but you will not find them now. You do
not like to think of it, and you will not
admit it, and even now you are telling your-
self that it is not so; but just look around
you and see. Who is the alderman from
your ward? Who selected him? To whom
does he owe allegiance? How do you think
he compares with the iron molder of Kirk-
intilloch that every night when work is
done takes off his leather apron and scrubs
his hard hands and sits down to study ko-
berly the condition and needs of his town,
which men of his kind have made a clean
model? Suppose that iron molder should
move over to your town and some one
should nominate him for alderman, would
you vote for him — so long as he worked
with his hands and was a member of Iron
Molders' Union No. 29? Well, then, am I
right? And after all, b it not wholesome
to admit the whole sour-faced truth, and
meet it squarely in the road?

"And it is not in politics alone nor in pub-
lic life alone. The whole social structure is
affected by it. Within the last twenty-five
years we have seen the beginning and the
rapid growth of a class that, by mere reason
of the possession of wealth, is set apart
from and above the rest of the community.
We do not like to say much about it, but
we know that this class (with singular lack
of originality) slavishly apes the manners,
customs, dress, and exclusiveness of the
noble classes abroad, and too obviously re-
gards itself as constituting a corresponding
caste here. We have seen the doings and
movements of this class chronicled with a
kind of feverish zeal as if of real import-
ance to mankind; and we have seen the
members of this class take themselves with
profound seriousness and even pomp. Most
of the founders of this our pursy aristoc-
racy having arisen (by dint of shrewdness,
a callous conscience, or something worse)
from the ranks of the plain toilers, they
have mind at times upon their ascent and
the original doctrines of American faith;
but experienced travelers and observers have
declared that not in the circuit of the earth
is a class more arrogant and more super-
cilious than the second generation of onr
new rich. In these, only a few years of
idleness have bred the supreme contempt

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 840

U>T labor and use that is the invariable basis bears upon all others is and has ever been

and sign of caste distinctions; so that we the essence of caste. No such class had

have here an opportunity to observe the ever appeared in this country previous to

golden pyramid in the making and these the present generation; and will you reflect

gentlemen as its skilled artificers— on purely upon the powerful lawbreakers that now go

European lines. We know perfectly well in free?

our hearts what this means ; but we do not ,,3^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ j^j^ ^^^^ him and fail

like to talk much about it, nor to ask our- ^^ ^^^ ^^ widenmg divisions of class and

selves by what possibility an aristocracy can ^^^^ ^j^^ ^^i, ^^jj^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^ 1,53s

be squared with the fundamental principles fortunate, the growth of the system that in

of a republic ^1,^ ^^ crushes initiative, stops progress,

"Can we be sure that conditions among ^j^st^oys hope, aste is the product of con-

us differ so very much from conditions in centrated power, and for power wealth is

old France before 1789? One class immune ^^ ^^e modem alias. The thing within re-

against the Uw's operation is very much ^^^^^ ^^^j^ ^y^^ ^^^ i„ ^^ ^j^ ^y^

like another such class, by whatsoever name ^^ established caste with the sword; now

it may chance to be called. The power to ^^^^ establish it with wealth. We look at

prevent a man from earning his bread does ^^^ imperial coronation celebrations with

not seem on dose examination very differ- ^y^^^^ ^^ „^^ inagurate a president, and

ent from the power to put him to death by ^j^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ Jefferson rode

more sudden and less painful means. Con- ^|^„^ ^ ^^ ^^jj^^ ^j^^ j^j, h^^e to a

sider tiiat so late as 1901 several hundred p^,.„^^ ^^ ^^^^^ j„ ^^ ^^ y^^^ ^ath. And

men tiiat took part in the Chicago railroad ^^^t as seems tiiat change, it is only typical

strike of 1894 were stiU blacklisted, witii ^^ ^ ^^^eral movement of which Uie ulti-

names, descriptions, and full particulars, by ^^^ ^^^ j, ^^e maharajah's golden paUce

every railroad in Uie United States. Con- ^^ ^^^ ^.^^ ^^^ ^„ ^^ ^^her the horrors

sider also tiiat while it was easy to send to ^£ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ pestilential alleys of

jail men engaged in leading that strike, QQ|Qi)gy/'
every railroad company that urged on their

prosecution, and every other railroad in the This is not a pleasant picture, yet who

country, was at that time, and has been dares to say it is untrue? There may be

since, in daily violation of tiie statutes of correction* of certain features herem men-

tiie United States, and tiiat none of these tioned to the extent tiiat tiiere may be some

lawbreakers was ever brought to punish- governmental regulation, but how will it be

ment That there should be one class ex- with the people themselves in their relations

empt from the operation of the law that to each other?

Help To Organize The Trackmen,

The Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen hardest worked of all of the railway work-
would like to see every man in the service men. There is reason for this condition.
a member of the organization he thinks is It exists chiefly because the trackmen have
best calculated to protect his interests as an been recruited from the immigrant classes
employe and to secure for him every pos- and have not succeed in rising above their
sible benefit as a wage-worker. beginning as employes because the bulk of

All of the railroad employes have an or« them usually have not developed ideas of
ganization covering their employment that higher living standards that demand better
is fairly successful in protecting their inter- wages and conditions and have thus held
ests, except the maintenance of way em- back the older and more intelligent em-
ployes who have been the lowest paid and ployes who cannot rise above the mass or

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360 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

bring it abng with them unless they have are doing things every day that contribute

some very substantial assistance from the their full measure of assistance to railroad

rest of the employes who are organized. operation, on whose alertness and ability the

The Trackmen's organizations have car- railroad employes and the traveling public

ried their burden of poor conditions and must depend for life and safety, but who

low wages along right manfully for several are not recognized at their true worth be-

years and have used their best endeavors to cause they have not been brought together

teach the men engaged in track work of the in an effective working forot for their own

needs of an organization, but their work good.

has been discouraging and at this time their jhe trackman is regarded Us the lowest

future IS further darkened by the common ^^e of employe, simply because he has

practice of the railroads of employing b^en forced to accept the position by weight

newly landed Italians, Greeks and Japan- of conditions hereinbefore mentioned.

eso for track work. Their standards of liv- rr>u v -^ j 4. - • a -^ • i.^

. ^ . . The limited train, running at its eighty

mg even do not use up the wages they _.. ^ ^ . __ , j r r . -.u-

, . ... , *^, .. L /. miles an hour, depends for safety on this

receive and it will be a long tunc before i^,„i„ 1^ tu * • j •

^, .„ .... J r .1.. lowly employe. The train and engine men

they will appreciate the need for anything t ^\ ^t u ^i- a* j

u^ ^xZ . .1. 1- XI- '^' safe when making time over a good

better. What they have as trackmen is , ^ .. j *u j . .u- 1 .t.

^, ^, ^ , J • .1. . . mans section and they do not think the

more than they ever dreamed in their most 5g^.*:Q-. u-^j * 1 1 1 bv

optimistic moments and the outlook for the
men, whose intelligence is expected to keep

means, except in so far as harder work and

^. . , . , , ... lower pay are comparative. There is, and

this mass of ignorance and cheap living _. . v. i. 1 • .t. t

. . ^u • u* J- ^- • * "*"st be, enough leaven in the mass of em-

movmg m the right direction, is none too ^1^ ^ .^ u • r a- i.

, * 11 • .1. 1. J ployes to bring safe operatmg results,

promising unless we all give them a hand '^ **

and encourage them in effecting an organi- ^^^^"^ trackmen ought to be just as much

zation that wiU get to all of the men and J^"^ *' ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^s of railroad men.

teach them that there is something better ^^^ °^^^ orgamzation and they are doing

if they wUl get together and ask for it. *^^>^ ^^^ ^^^"« ^""^ unaided, to get an or-

The statement is often made that these fi^anization together that will do for them

trackmen cannot be organized; that they ^^^^ ^« ^*^^'* organizations have done for

are of a low order of intelligence and that *^^*^ members. They have the men to make

any one can swing a pick or handle a shovel. ?"^ ^^ *^^ ^^«* organizations in the world

The same thing has been said in effect of 1^ *^«y ^^ ^"'^ ^^ ^^ought to understand

every body of men that tried to organize. >* ^"^ ^« ^^^^^^^ ^"'' members can help the

When our Brotherhood was started its pro- organization of this class of fellow work-

moters were laughed to scorn and told it "^^" '^ they will take the matter up when-

was impossible. Today some of us can ^^^^ ^"^ wherever they find it.

bring up this former talk and make good No organization ever secured results tht

the brakemen's position of twenty-five years ^7 »t was formed, but the start then was

ago when he said he could organize and the rightly made and results followed. It is

rest said he could not ^a*"" to believe that each foreman will be

It is true the trackman swings a pick and ^We to enlist every man working with him

handles a shovel, but there must be brains »^ ^«» himself, will become interested,

back of the pick and shovel somewhere and Now, the thing to do is to get him inter-

ev«i. H the bulk of the men arc foreign, csted in an organization of trackmen and

without a full perception of right standards through him the rest of the men in the ser-

of living and fair wages, there must be a vice. It may not look promising in some

directing force to bring out needed results places, but if it does not, then the reason is

and this force can be made the nucleus of greater for encouraging them to get into

an organization that can be as effective as the organization protecting the men in the

any of the others. maintenance of way department.

Take, for instance, the section foremen on Let every man do his part toward help-

whom rests the load of responsibility. There ing these men along toward effective organi-

are thousands of them in this country and zation. Talk to every one of them you can

Canada, intelligent, wide-awake men, who reach and teach him that American wages

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL S6l

and American conditions are his and to ment wherein there will be recognition of

be had through organization of his fellows, the rights and necessities of every class of

Do not pass this up, but do your part to get employes.

this class of men out of the rut and assist to You talk organization to every "Jerry"

bring about a condition of railway employ- you can reach.

Meaningless Excuses For Wrecks And
Suggested Remedies.

It sounds out of place for a railroad man Until the past few weeks the 'lead pen*
to hear the reasons that are given for each cil" authorities have been using their en-
wreck that is plainly caused by a defect in deavors to prove that everything was equal
machinery or track. It is the common to the strain. Now there are several of
thing for several persons to give expert them who have "come across" to the prac-
testimony concerning the reasons for each tical side of the business and declared that
occurrence and the majority of them dis- "there was too much strain on the track
agree, as is natural, because not one of and it gave way under it"
them knows for certain that his theory is The recent wreck on the New York Gen-
correct tral was one to call for such expert evi-

A recent wreck was caused, according to dence. The wreck of the Pennsylvania
the testimony of the superintendent, by Limited at Johnstown, Pennsylvania, was
"something under the engine giving way" another that received like judgment from
that threw the train in the ditch with the several authorities and it is practical to
usual injuries and loss of life. The track suppose the cause was too high speed and
was torn up, cars and engine totally pressure on the curve. The rear of the
wrecked and the cause for the disaster ex- train, whip cracker like, went over. Steel
plained by the official without positive ties were at once condemned as the cause,
knowledge. He told what he supposed but who knows that a wood tie would have
might have been the cause. held any better under the strain imposed?

The train and engine men in a wreck The Baltimore & Ohio wreck was caused
never agree on what they saw before, or by "something under the engine giving
what happened, when it occurred. Their way," but who knows about it when the
testimony always varies and gives rise to entire engine and train were a mass of
the notion that they are lying. The fact is wreckage and the track destroyed? No
that things happen so fast that only partial one ; and it is practical to suppose the track
impressions are formed by each man. Each was weakened by traffic and could not stand
one of them tells the truth, but he tells only the strain imposed by the fast train,
what he saw and consequently all ©f the The truth of the matter is that railway
evidence does not agree. managers have imposed more on their track

The writer for several years has held that and equipment than either can safely stand,
the equipment was too heavy for the track. Rails are somewhat heavier than they used
When a heavy engine literally drags the to be, but engines and trains are much
rails out of the ties in starting its train heavier in proportion. Speeds have been
little more is needed to prove the state- so increased that the limit of safety has
ment Engine after engine has gone down been exceeded and railway managers know
where it stood trying to start a train. The it They must know that speeds have been
rails spread under the strain. Heavier rail demanded and adopted without getting
has been laid, but the equipment has also ready to maintain them safely. Wrecks
been made heavier, so much «o that it is too that occur in the open, away from switches
heavy for the track and roadway. and that are not collisions prove the truth

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852 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

of what has been said concerning heavy holder of every railroad in the United

demands before the roads are properly pre- States.

pared to meet them. "Why should not the government give

Everybody is after the railroads for some "»» quickly and accurately, a yearly black-
reason or another, and the disasters that list of the railroads? If the proper officials
have followed in quick succession have not o^ the great railroads were called upon to
engendered a friendly feeling. But the pub- furnish within a short time after every ac-
lic is not generous in some of its judgments cident a sworn list of the dead and injured,
and in its condemnation of railroads for the government could quickly give to the
high speeds it ought to share an equal re- public such information. With this in hand,
sponsibility. It will patronize the road with the rest might be left to the press and
thf record for high speeds regardless of its public opinion, two efficient policemen when
death and disability list. t^^>r efforts are properly directed.

Suggestions come thick and fast, all with "^* *^ ***°^*' *^« condemnation meted
intent to save the passenger, but few of ^"* *^ ^^« railroads is just, in itself, but
them suggest slower trains. They all agree undoubtedly it is unjust to many railroads,
that it is as safe to run fast as slow, under ^ ^f^^''^^ indictment, such as now fiUs the
proper conditions, but do not seem to ad- P".^^»^ «*»"d' <1^" "^^ properly reach those
mit that excessive traffic, heavy tonnage failroads which are really to blame, because
and high speeds on modern track are not J!J^"^ "P^" *" ^^'^«' innocent and guilty,
proper conditions. These questions are ^^^^^ are railroads, both East and West,
overlooked and the sUtement of the man- ^P^" ^^'^^ ^^^^^^ « ^ safe as upon any
agers, that tracks and equipment are per- EngJ^sh railroad. Today, the press makes
feet, is accepted too often without question. ««"<* of the railroad which shows, in iu

TM. 717 ij* 717 u £ x€ u * J aunual report, that it has made the most

The WorlcTs Work, for March, suggested „. ., . „. . .^ ,-„ , , ,

ui 11-. r ^1. -I J ^u ^ 1 11 J A striking gain in its revenues. Why should

a blacklist of the railroads that killed and „^. .. j^ i u *u ^ u- ^ u

. , ,, . *!...* 1 not the people have the figures which would

wounded their passengers so that travelers ^„„. • Ti, * inru- j i -n .i

,, ^ ,.*^ J .u * ji * I 11 enable them to say: 'This road killed a

could go to those roads that did not kill _ ^^. i. r •. • .

,, %. , . .^, r 11 greater percentage of its passengers last

them. The comment herewith follows: „^^^ ,./^ ^^ ", „ ^. . j t .

year than any other!' or That road last

"The slaughter of passengers and em- year killed not a single passenger!'

ployes by the American railroads continues -xhe moral effect of such a classification

without cessation. The investigations tiiat ^^uld be far-reaching indeed. It has been

follow the accidents reveal various causes- ^i^ jh^t a corporation has no soul; but

the feilure of engineers to heed the sig- every corporation has a treasury, and

nals, the failure of telegraphers to transmit through that treasury it can be reached,

or receive orders properly, the failure of gvery official of every railroad and every

safety appliances on the trains and tracks director would come at last to insist upon

to work efficiently. At times it is careless- the maximum of safety in travel, and tiie

ness. More often it is the failure of the greatest possible safety for its employes,

railroad properly to safeguard the lives of The raUroad superintendent would be the

passengers while they are in tiie hands of ready instrument to enforce tiie law with

its employes. regard to tiie hours that the men may

"We need a prompt and effectual remedy, work."
It is not conceivable that we can find one The writer overlooked the casualties to
that will bring about the desired result, but employes in his proposed blacklist. If they
we might find fivt or six which, together, are included every road will stand con-
would help to bring it about The block demned and the ones standing first in the
system, the automatic coupler, the newer safety of the passenger will show more than
signal systems and many other appliances their quota of killed and wounded servants,
are widely used on our roads, and their use It is the big fellows that kill and maim
should be extended. Perhaps even more their men. But if the roads keep on killing
than that, we need something that will bring their patrons there is some hope that the
home the list of dead and maimed to every employe will not be overlooked when the
official and every employe and every stock- matter is legally provided with a remedy.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 363

The public will not patronize a slow road, perience up to this time has warranted. A
It is on the "hurry up" all the time. Just very little acceleration would send millions
like the farmer who drives his team over of dollars' worth of property to the scrap
the crossing in front of the engine and sits pile and crowd the cemeteries with untimely
down on the other side to see the train go tenants. It was one of the humors of the
by, the passenger wants to say "I came Zossen speed tests that no one was per-
over on the limited." His reasons are mitted to ride on the trains if married and
about equally divided between the impres- with a dependent family, unless his life was
sion that it gives others that he is in a insured to as near its full value as the Em-
hurry and because he is in a hurry. Either peror deemed necessary. This was pru-
way he takes his chances on the flyer and dent, but not very much was said about it
will not ride on the slow train if he can in the newspapers,
help it "Experience has made it clear that every

If the railroads would all agree not to step in train acceleration must be prepared
run limited trains the public would be pro- for by beginning at the bottom and work-
tected against itself, but let one of them ing up. If any one item is overlooked or
run a fast train with a certain percentage neglected, it locates a weak link in the chain
of wrecks ahead of it and all the others run which fixes the limit of its strength. The
slow trains and there would be no room on shocks and strains of train movement,
the limited. though unequally distributed, may be as-

The New York Central and the Penn- sumed to increase in geometrical ratio as
sylvania have had their eighteen hour trains speed is increased in arithmetical ratio. Of
come to grief with loss of life. Still there course this is not an accurate statement,
has never been any let up in the travel on As a matter of fact, the exact data needed
those trains. It is intimated there may be. to fix the ratio cannot be had, since it can

An article in the Independent for Febru- not be known just how strong anything is
ary 28th, 1907, by James C. Bayles, M. £., at a given moment until we break it, and
Ph. D., meets with the approval of the having done so we can only guess how
Journal because it agrees with the views strong something much, but not exactly,
expressed by it on high speeds and their like it may be. Nor can strains be meas-
effects. In part it reads: ured in tram movement A thousand ac-

"It is a safe generalization that in the cidental causes may suddenly increase them
present state of the art the average train above the limit of even liberal calculation,
speed is somewhat beyond the point which In this field of investigation pure mathe-
would be tolerated if only safety to lifo matics will often lead to mistaken con-
and limb were considered. This is shown elusions, largely because so many factors
by the fact that eighteen bad wrecks have of every problem must be assumed. Know-
been recorded since January 1st, all to fast ing this much^ it is evident that to prepare
trains. Admittedly, the safety line has ad- for material acceleration with such trains
vanced materially within the past ten years, as are now acceptable to the traveling pub-
and even within five years. In another ten He, we must start at the very bottom and
years it may be found that running at sixty build our roadbeds in the best possible way,
miles an hour is as safe under proper con- practically regardless of cost per mile. Our
ditions as running thirty miles at the pres- rails must be of heavier section and better
ent time; but if this is true it is likely to quality than the average Bessemer output,
be because a costly experience of wrecks and we must find some way of more se-
and casualties has taught us that the par- curely holding them in position. The high-
able of new wine in old bottles has an ap- est available skill must be applied in every
plication much wider than has usually been detail of bridge design and construction —
given it. Old cars can be run on old road- and just here we encounter a difficulty in
beds, laid with relatively light rails spiked the ominous fact that the state of the art
to party decayed ties, and over bridges in iron metallurgy and rolling mill praq-
much lighter in their parts and more infirm tice does not permit more than an approxi-
of construction than would now be ap- mation to uniformity in bridge material,
proved, only about as fast as average ex- Hence a very large factor of safety must be

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354 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

allowed for, since a bridge surely strong If one train is a minute behind its scredule
enough to carry any static load likely to be it throws the whole system into more or
put upon it might very well not be strong less confusion. All sorts of accommoda-
enough to resist the shock of a 100-ton lo- tions and expedients have to be resorted to
comotive drawing a train of passenger on imperfect knowledge of the facts, and
coaches leaping upon it at the rate of sixty no knowledge at all of the reasons. Some-
or more miles an hour. Of switches, sig- times telegrams are misunderstood, but not
nals and the like there is more to be said often. It much more frequently happens
than space could be found for. They must that the instructions wired from the di-
be perfect in construction and inerrant in vision superintendent's office are not exact-
operation— qualities difficult, if not impos- ly those he would have given if better ad-
sible, of attainment unless they can be made vised. In railway management good luck
'fool-proof.' and good management have almost come to

"Assuming, however, that we have a per- be regarded as synonyms. Nothing is bet-
manent way of ideal and scarcely attain- ter loiown to those who manipulate the
able excellence, we have but made a begin- telegraph keys in railroad offices than that
ning in our preparations for safe speed ac- during much of its daily nm a very izst
celeration. Heavy and powerful engines train is fairly comparable to a 12-inch pro-
are required with driving wheels of large jectile fired across New York without aim.
diameter. These may be had more easily Such a shot may pass between sky-scrapers,
than almost anything else needed. Cars avoid steeples, go harmlessly over roofs
must be built in which the greatest attain- and come to ultimate rest in a sand bank
able strength shall coincide with the least in the suburbs; but even the adventurous
possible dead weight ' To build a practic- speculators of London Lloyds would not
able passenger car which will hold together insure that result of its flight for a less
at, say, sixty miles an hour, for as many premium than one hundred guineas per
hours as it must be run to earn its cost, cent. Nothing is, or, in present conditions
is a problem which when studied is found of mixed traffic operation, can be, quite
to be complicated by conditions which must ready for the 'flyer,' and when it passes
be traced back to the ore mine, the blast safely every track walker, station master,
furnace, the steel works, the rolling mill, switchman and crossing guard gives a sigh
the foundry, the blacksmith's shop, and so of relief and thinks about something else,
on. Consequently, even for the purpose of "To provide for such train acceleration as
argument, we must assume ideal rolling the public has learned to expect and de-
stock, mand, one of the first and most essential

"This brings us to the problem of opera- requirements is a corps of railroad ser-
tion. The first conclusion to be reached vants so vigilant, so intelligent and so con-
would seem to be too obvious to need dis- sdentious that every man of it will do ex-
cussion. The fast train must have the right actly the right thing at the right time. If
of way over every other train or it will be such a staff could be recruited it could be
so delayed as to be taken quite out of that held together and its efficiency maintained
classification. Schedules are so arranged only by large wages and short hours. This
as to give this in theory; in practice it is suggestion need not be elaborated. It would
not possible to insure it with a mixed traffic carry the discussion wholly outside the do-
of express trains, way trains, freight trains, main of political economy, within which
milk trains, newspaper trains, etc., com- questions of labor and wages are supposed
plicated by drawbridges, grade crossings to belong.

and the like. If everything worked out "If this summary of the chief factors in
just as it was planned, the task of the train the equation of high railway speeds is cor-
dispatcher would be a very simple one ; but rect, it warrants certain very definite con-
in railroading the unexpected continually elusions. That it is correct from the point
happens. From causes unavoidable or of view of the engineer is shown by the
avoidable, as may be, but apparently not to following extract from a conservative and
be anticipated or guarded against, every intelligent news report of observations
railroad has to be operated by telegraph, connected with the recent disaster to the

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White Plains Express of the New York
Central service;

"'Statements made yesterday by Assis-
tant District Attorney Smyth, after his in-
vestigation, seemed to indicate the possi-
bility that the electric motor going at high
speed at the curve was too much for the
strength of the rails and shoved one of
them out of place. Coroner Schwannecke
said that he thought the rail which was
knocked out of place had not been properly
set. The railroad officials, in a statement
issued in the afternoon, said that they had
not learned the exact cause of the derail-
ment They added that there was evidence
that a break in one of the wheels of the
motor car occurred at the point of derail-
ment, as pieces of the broken wheel were
found there. In almost the same place a
rail broke, but it was impossible, they said,
to determine which of these two things
caused the derailment.'

"In this instance there was no misplaced
switch, no obstruction, nothing noticeably
wrong. The speed was simply higher than
roadbed or rolling stock were equal to, and
it is a fair presumption that every part of
the new electrical installation and equip-
ment were as good as could be provided.
The focts in this and a hundred other like
cases would seem to show that it is much
easier to accelerate train movement beyond
the point of safety than to get ready to do
it safely. But that does not advance us
much, unless it be to make it clear that high
speed is not simply a question of going fast
and faster. It has economic and sociolog-
ical aspects as well. For example:

"The public demands greater speed in
train movement than can now be made with
even average safety.

"Enterprising railroad managers are anx-
ious to meet this demand for business
reasons.

"Both traveler and railroad manager are
willing to 'take chances,' although both
know it puts life and limb in greater jeop«
ardy.

"So long as danger is avoided, by how-
ever narrow margins, fast trains are pat-
ronized to the limit of their capacity and
often 'booked' long ahead, and few take the
slower trains unless they must. When a
fast train is smashed, with the usual con-
sequences, the incident is soon forgotten.
The world makes news very fast. Pas-
sengers still want to go as quickly as they
can be carried and railroad managers want
fares."

The disposition of the authorities is to
allow the railroads to have their own way
about the matter until public demand over-
comes the railroad lobby at every state cap-
itol and at Washington.

The conditions are the result of several
matters that will have to be adjusted by
state and national legislation, for it is cer-
tain that railway managers will never ad-
just them until they have to do so.

Tonnage, shorter hours of labor, more
employes, speeds to conform to track con-
ditions, safety appliances and the fixing of
responsibility where it belongs will con-
tribute largely to a safer degree of train
operation.

The Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen
is vitally interested in all of these ques-
tions because its members are being killed
or totally disabled at the rate of one for
each fifty-eight members and as yet there
has been no railroad argument offered for
their right to continue to maim and kill
either passengers or employes that is accept-
able to the employes. When the public feels
about the matter as the employes feel about
it. Congress will not dare bow down to the
demands of the railroad lobbies and give
them continued license to kill and maim at
their pleasure.

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The Sixteen Hour Bill Passed

Gmtrary to expectation and prediction, required or permitted to be or rentiii on doty

the last hours of Congress saw the enact- !^' a Jongerperiod th^ nine houw in any twenty.

_^^c>*a. TT ^Ti. n-«i f tour-hoor period in all towers, offioee, places* and

ment of a Sixteen Hours of Labor Bill, for Nation. Goatin«ionily operated nigbt and day, nor

the regulation of the hours of labor of for a longer period than thirteen hours in aU

railroad employes engaged m the transporta- ^wers, ottces, places, and sutions operated only

tion service during the daytime, except in case of emergency,

• 1. 1. .f "'*'•'' **^ employes named in this proviso may be

The bill 18 by no means what the rail- permitted to be and remain on duty for four ad-

road employes wanted, but we are not al- dltional hours in a twenty-four-hour period on not

together hopeless over the outcome, because ^'"**^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ "^ '^^i ^^V:jf^^ f^^

T ^ « ^ ^t. .. «• « xt. *^^» ^^ Interstate Commerce Commission may

experience has taught us that all of these ^^ ^ bearing in a particuhir case and for

guestions must have a begmning, even good cause shown extend the period within which

thoufl^ it may not be exactly to our liking. * common carrier shall comply with the prorisions

•n. t. • t. f 11 ^^ **"• X>"^^«<> •• to such case,

me new measure nerewitn follows : Sec S. That any such common carrier, or any

P^lblio— No. 974.] officer or agent thereof, requiring or pennitting

An Act to promote the safety of employes and uiy emploire to go, be, or remain on duty in rio-

trarelers upon railroads by Kmi^tig the hours of Istion of the second section hereof, shall be liable

service of employes thereon. to a penalty of not to exceed five hundred dollars

B# ii enacted by the Sfnate and House of Rtp- for each and every violation, to be recovered in a

rgsontativ€s of thw United Statts of America m suit or suits to be brought by the United States

Congrou assombUd, That the provisions of this district attorney in the district court of the United

act shall apply to any common carrier or carriers. States having jurisdiction in the ^locality where

their officers, agents, and employes, engaged in such violation shall have been committed; and it

the transportation of passengers or property by sbsll be the duty of such district attorney to

railroad in the District of Columbia or any Terri- bring such suits upon satisfactory information

tory of the United Sutes, or from one Sute or being lodged with him; but no such suit shall be

Territory of the United Sutes or the District of brought after the expiration of one year from the

Columbia to any other Sute or Territory of the date of such violation; and it shall also be the

United States or the District of Columbia, or duty of the Interstate Commerce Commission to

from any place in the United Sutes to an adja- lodge with the proper district attorneys in*

cent foreign country, or from any place in the formation of any such violations as may

United States through a foreign country to any oome to ita knowledge. In all prosecutions

other place in the United States. The term "rail- under this act the common carrier shall be

road" as used in this set shall include all bridges deemed to have had knowledge of all acts of all

and ferries used or operated in connection with Ita officers and agents; Provided, That the pro-

any railroad, and also all the road in use by any visions of this set shall not apply in any case of

common carrier operating a railroad, whether casualty or unavoidable accidrat or the act of

owned or operated under a contract, agreement, or God; nor where the delay was the result of a

lease; and the term "employes" as used in this cause not known to the csrrier or its officer or

act shall be held to mean persons actually engaged <«ent in charge of such employe at the time said

in or connected with the movement of any train. employe left a terminal, and which could not have

Sec 9. That it shall be unlawful for any com- been foreseen. Provided further. That the pro-

mon carrier, its officers or agents, subject to this visions of this act shall not apply to the crews of

set to reqidre or permit any employe subject to wrecking or relief traina.

this act to be or remain on duty for a longer Sec 4. It shall be tiie duty of tiic IntersUte

period than sixteen consecutive hours, and when- Commerce Commission to execute and enforce the

ever any such employe of such common carrier provisions of this act, and all powers granted to

shall have been continuously on duty for sixteen the Interstate Commerce Commission are hereby

hours he shall be relieved and not required or extended to it in the execution of this set.

permitted again to go on duty until he has had Sec 6. That this act shall take affect and be

at least ten consecutive hours off duty; and no in force one year after its passsge.

such employe who hss been on duty sixteen hours Approved, March 4, 1907« 11:60 a. m.

in the aggregate in any twenty*four-hour period «ri - u ^ it ^ ^ .t •

shall be required or permitted to continue or again ^^ '«*^^ °^ ©Ur eflfortS tO SeCUfe this

go on duty witiiout having had at least eight con- measure is due to several causes ; among
secutive hours off duty: Provided, That no ope- them, the continued interest of the Presi-

TJT^ ;J!rS;pr c-XZlr^uil^S: ^'-^ ^^ conHd^ce of *« ««„be„ of Om.
reports, transmits, receives, or delivers orders S^^^ ^'^at Brother Fuller has gamed m his
perUining to or affecting train movementa shall be Several years at Washington, the ready as-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

867

sistance that was given him by the mem-
bers of the different organizations, and the
general attitude of the public, which was
reflected in the demands of the press that, a
Regulation of Hours Bill be passed by Con-
gress.

Every effort was made by the railroad
companies to either head off the legislation
altogether, or to have a bill enacted that
would be practically inoperative. The de-
termination that was shown by the railroad
interests was overcome to a considerable
degree by the opposition of the railway em-
ployes' side of the controversy.

After the measure had been subjected to
considerable juggling in the House, the bill,
as we have it, was passed as the last act of
the Congress. The greatest thmg to be
feared under this act is "the unavoidable
accidents'' mentioned in- it Under this
term, it seems possible for a railway com-
pany to demand almost anything of its em-
ployes, and dodge the operation of the bill.

The railway company, or its officers, or
agents, are exempt for delays which could
not have been foreseen. This clause appears
to open up the way for any violations that
may be attempted. The rest periods are not
specifically covered, and leave the question
up for interpretation by the railway com-
panies.

The act releases the carrier for all liabil-
ity, if suit is not brought for violation, with-
in one year. The general statute of limita-
tions is three years, but the railway com-
panies are favored by this special clause.
The explanation given for it is that if it
extended over a period of three years, the
railway companies would be subjected to a
continual series of blackmail.

There is just one hope in the measure,
and' that is that the extra tonnage trains
that are now being run with the absolute
certainty that they cannot cover the allotted
distance within the legal limitations of this
law, may be so arranged that the trains will
be cut down in tonnage and be able to make
the run within the prescribed time.

There is a possibility in this, however,
that the lead pencil will be allowed |o figure
out unforeseen accidents as against practical
knowledge that they were certain to occur.
In fact, the application of the bill as it
stands is wholly problematical. A start,
however, has been made in the right direc-
tion. Like all legislation of its kind, it will
have to be fought for section by section,
and it is fair to assume that each succeeding
Congress for several years to come will
have the bill before it for amendment of
some kind.

In connection with the enactment of this
measure, it is proper that the names of sev-
eral members of Congress, who were with
us, be mentioned. Among them are:

W. H. Ryan, of New York.

William Richardson, of Alabama.

C. L. Bartlett, of Georgia.

R. C. Davey, of Louisiana.

J. S. Williams, of Mississippi, and

J. A. Sterling, of Illinois.

Senator R. M. La Follette, of Wisconsin,
deserves special commendation, because it
is to his efforts that we owe the most effec-
tive work in the Senate on the bill. Senator
La Follette co-operated with the representa-
tives of the employes, instead of taking only
advice from the employers. If the bill, as
introduced by him in the Senate, had been
enacted into law, we would have an effective
hours of service measure.

Lx)rd's Day Act, Canada.

The Act passed by the Dominion Par-
liament to preserve the Sabbath as a day of
rest and worship became effective March 1st,
1907.

As near as we can determine the Act will

be enforced just as the different Provinces
desire. Some of them will observe it very
closely, while others will act as they other-
wise determine in the matter. The Cana-
dian Pacific Railway is reported as endear-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

oring to live very closely to the Act, while
the Grand Trunk is said to be hearing the
views of the employes on the subject.

The Act, in its principal sections and
provisions, herewith follows in substance:

It shall not be lawful for any person on
the Lord's Day, except as provided herein
or in any Provincial Act or law now or
hereafter in force, to sell or offer for sale
or purchase any goods, chattels, or other
personal property, or any real estate, or to
carry on or transact any business of hjs or-
dinary calling, or in connection with such
calling, or for gain to do, or employ any
other person to do, on that day any work,
business, or labor.

Notwithstanding anything herein con-
tained, any person may on the Lord's Day
do any work of necessity or mercy, and for
greater certainty, but not so as to restrict
the ordinary meaning of the expression
"work of necessity or mercy," it is hereby
declared that it shall be deemed to include
the following classes of work:

(a) Any necessary or customary work
in connection with divine worship;

(b) Work for the relief of sickness and
suffering, including the sale of drugs, med-
icines and surgical appliances by retail;

(d) Starting or maintaining fires, making
repairs to furnaces and repairs in cases of
emergency, and doing any other work, when
such fires, repairs or work are essential to
any industry or industrial process of such a
continuous nature that it cannot be stopped
without serious injury to such industry or
its product or to the plant or property used
in such process ;

(e) Starting or maintaining fires, and
ventilating, pumping out, and inspecting
mines, when any such work is essential to
the protection of property, life or health ;

(f) Any work without the doing of
which on the Lord's Day, electric current,
light, heat, cold air, water or gas cannot be
continuously supplied for lawful purposes;

(g) The conveying of travelers and work
incidental thereto;

(h) The continuance to their destination
of trains and vessels in transit when the
Lord's Day begins, and work incident there-
to;

(i ) Loading and tmloading merchandise, at
intermediate points, on or from passenger
boats or passenger trains;

(j) Keeping railway tracks clear of snow
or ice, making repairs in cases of emer-
gency, or doing any other work of a like
incidental character necessary to keep the
lines and tracks open on the Lord's Day;

(k) Work before 6 o'clock in the fore-
noon and after 8 o'clock in the afternoon
of yard crews in handling cars in railway
yards ;

(1) Loading, unloading and operating any
ocean-going vessel which otherwise would
be unduly delayed after her schedule time
of sailing, or any vessel which otherwise
would be in imminent danger of being
stopped by the closing of navigation; or
loading or unloading before 7 o'clock in the
morning or after 8 o'clock in the afternoon
any grain, coal or ore carrying vessel after
the fifteenth day of September.

(m) The caring of milk, cheese, and live
animals, and the unloading of and caring
for perishable products and live animals, ar-
riving at any point during the Lord's day;

(n) The operation of any toll or draw-
bridge, or any ferry or boat, authorized by
competent authority to carry passengers on
the Lord's Day;

(o) The hiring of horses or carriages or
small boats for the personal use of the hirer
or his family for any purpose not prohibited
by this Act;

(p) Any unavoidable work after 6 o'clock
in the afternoon of the Lord's Day, in the
preparation of the regular Monday morning
edition of a daily newspaper;

(q) The conveying of his Majesty's mails
and work incidental thereto;

(r) The delivery of milk for domestic
use, and the work of domestic servants and
of watchmen;

(s) The operation by any Canadian elec-
tric street railway company, whose line is
interprovincial or international, of its cars,
for passenger traffic, on the Lord's Day, on
any line or branch now regularly so ope-
rated;

(t) Work done by any person in the pub-
lic service of his Majesty while acting there-
in under any regulation or direction of any
department of the Government;

(u) Any unavoidable work by fishermen

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359

after 6 o'clock in the afternoon of the Lord's
Day in the taking of fish;

(v) All operations connected with the
making of maple sugar and maple syrup in
the maple grove ;

(w) Any unavoidable work on the Lord's
Day to save property in cases of emergency,
or where such property is in imminent dan-
ger of destruction or serious injury;

(x) Any work which the board of rail-
way conmiissioncrs of Canada, having re-
gard to the object of this act and with the
object of preventing undue delay, deem nec-
essary to permit in connectigii with the
freight traffic of any railway.

FROHIBrnONS AND PENALTIES.

Among the specific prohibitions are games
and performances where admission is

charged, excursions by conveyances where
fee is charged, advertising such perform-
ances or excursions, shooting with gun or
rifle, and sale of foreign newspaper.

Persons violating any provision of the
Act are liable to a fine ranging from one
to forty dollars and cost for each offense,
employers directing such operations to fines
from twenty to one hundred dollars, and
corporations to fines ranging from fifty to
five hundred dollars.

Provmcial Lord's Day Acts remain in
force, and actions may only be begun with
the consent ©f the Attorney-General of the
Province, and the Act does not prohibit the
operation of passenger railway operated tm-
der Dominion charter, or of Provincial pas-
senger railways tmless such operation is
prohibitdd by Provincial authority.

The Eighth Bi-ennial Convention.

The Eighth Bi-cnnial Convention of the
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen will be
held at Atlanta, Ga., beginning Tuesday,
May 7th, 1907. The meetings will be held
at the Grand Opera House on Peachtree
street A special circular of instructions re-
ferring to transportation, hotel arrange-
ments, etc., will be sent to all lodges later
oa

The suggestion is made that inasmuch as
the Rate Law has interfered with transpor-
tation, to a considerable extent, it will be
impossible for the Grand Lodge to make
any special arrangement for transportation
of delegates or their wives. Delegates are,
therefore, advised to make application for
transportation to their respective companies.
A delegate not in the employ of a Railroad
Company will not be able to secure trans-
portation, and requests for such made to
the Grand Lodge office cannot be taken care
of.

The Committee on Benefit Gaims will
meet at "The Kimball House," Atlanta, Ga.,
April 22nd, 1907.

The Committee on Constitution and Gen-
eral Rules, and the Committee on Reports
of Grand Lodge officers will meet at the

Grand Lodge office, Cleveland, Ohio, April
25th, 1907. Proposed amendments to the
Constitution may be submitted in writing
by any subordinate lodge of the Brother-
hood, or any Grand Lodge officer. All such
should be in the hands of the Grand Secre-
tary and Treasurer by April 25th, 1907, and
plainly marked "For the Committee on Con-
stitution and General Rules."

The Journal has offered several sugges-
tions for the consideration of the member-
ship, and which were calculated to bring
certain features of the organization to a.
more up-to-date status, to provide the way
for a lengthening of time between Conven-
tions, without extending the time rejected
claimants will have to wait for an adjust-
ment of their insurance claims.

CHANGS OP TrrLES.

The suggestion has been offered to change
the titles of the officers as they now are,
and bring them to more up-to-date ones.
The present titles of the officers are not,
strictly speaking, incorrect or inappropriate,
but they apply particularly to organizations
that first adopted them, whose objects were
purely fraternal, and whose ritual was based

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

on msrthological, or biblical story, in which
persons of unusual degree and title were
given the leading parts.

It has been thought by several of our
members that titles such as President, As-
sistant to President, Vice President, etc.,
would be more appropriate and business-
like, if used in our organization, instead of
the present ones which are all headed by the
word "Grand."

NEW NAME FOR JOUBNAL.

The change of name for the Journal has
been explained. The word — "Joumar* — ^is
not, strictly speaking, a proper name for our
offidal publication. The word — "Magazine"
— ^is more appropriate and covers the ground
exactly. The term — "Joumar* — applies to a
record of daily events. The word — "Maga-
zine"— applies particularly to monthly pub-
lications. To change the title to read, "The
Railroad Trainman" looks more promising
than either suggestion. From the adver-
tiser's point of view, we are also advised
that the latter title is much to be preferred.

INSURANCE.

The records of the past few years, since
the insurance policies were raised, do not
' warrant anyone in recommending a change
in the amount paid, unless there is a change
made to increase the rate of monthly pay-
ments. The past year showed a difference
of— $14,000.00, in favor of the Beneficiary
Fund.

Taking this figure as a basis for calcula-
tion, the impossibility of adding to the
amounts paid on claims should be readily
apparent There have been some sugges-
tions made as to what could be done in the
way of adding to the insurance policies by
taking necessary amounts from the General
Fund. If any one of these suggestions were
adopted, it would place the General Fund
under the supervision of the Insurance De-
partment of the several states, and the fund
would be tied up in the insurance business
to the extent that it might be impossible to
use it for any other purpose. If this were
the case, the organization might find itself
seriously hampered in its operation.

FINANCIAL PROBLEMS.

There are certain to be the usual number
of financial problems that will be offered in

good faith, but without careful regard to
the results that will necessarily follow, if
any one of them is adopted. To recommend
a plan, with the absolute certainty that it is
not self-sustaining, is hardly to be taken as
good business. To attach the remaining cost
to some other fund hampers that fund in
its ability to take care of questions or needs
that may arise, which should properly be
taken care of by it.

The Generar Fund of the Brotherhood is
the only fund that can be used for all pur-
poses and, while it is in excellent condition,
it must also be remembered that it is so be-
cause the organization has enjoyed a period
of ten years of uninterrupted prosperity. It
is not unfair to state that one year of poor
business and two or three strikes, would
demonstrate to our members how expensive
these things can be.

SERVICE PRIOR TO ADMISSION.

Under the present law, an applicant for
admission must have served at least one
year in train or yard service. The prin-
cipal reason advanced for maintaining this
rule since the beginning of the Brotherhood,
has been that a card of membership was an
absolute certificate of the experience and
fitness of the holder.

From the labor point of view, this is not
absolutely correct The organization makes
contracts with railway companies, and it is
absolutely necessary that it have a large
working majority on each system to protect
such contracts. If men are denied member-
ship for one year, it is certain that a fair
percentage of the employes will not be un-
der the guidance of the organization.

Again, from experience, it seems hardly
necessary to compel a man to work a year,
allow him to accept all kinds of insurance
offered, and then expect him to show a dis-
position to break into the Brotherhood at
the end of the year. It is believed that if
the term of preliminary service were short-
ened, the opportunity for getting new em-
ployes into the organization would be ma-
terially enhanced. Other organizations have
seen the necessity for reducing this term of
preliminary service, and it is believed that
it is worth more than ordinary consideration
to our organization.

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EXTENSION OF TIME BETWEEN CONVENTIONS.

It is not a new thought to suggest that
it is not necessary to hold Conventions
every two years. The idea was introduced
several years ago, but not seriously consid-
ered because the membership at the time
felt that Conventions were necessary at
least every two years.

At the present time, the enormous cost of
the Convention (which will approximate
very close to $100,000.00 for 1907) has led
very many of our members to believe that
the time could be extended, and a propor-
tionate amotmt of the cost saved to the or-
ganization. The matter is worth careful
consideration.

If the period were made three years, in-
stead of two, we would save the cost of one
Convention every six years; if extended
further, the cost, of course, would be pro-
portionate. There was a time when it was
felt necessary to hold a Convention every
year. This gave way to the two-year
plan, and it is not unreasonable to believe
that a further extension might result profit-
ably to the organization.

REPRESENTATION.

A number of plans have been offered for
the reduction of Convention representation.
The District Convention plan has been giv-
en the most attention, but the districting of
the organization would not result satisfac-
torily to any of the lodges that did not have
representatives at the Convention.

Proxy voting is never satisfactory. The
organization had that experience, and, after
two years of it, was very prompt to put it
out of business. Any plan that contemplates
the holding of several conventions, prepara-
tory to holding a general Convention, does
not promise much for economy.

It is believed that the present plan of
representation is fair, and, while the body
is large, it is better so, with a satisfactory
understanding of all questions discussed to
each lodge, than to cut down the represent-
ation, with the certainty that very few of
the lodges would be personally informed of
what was done by the Convention.

DISALLOWED CLAIMS.

Whether, or not. the period between Con-
ventions is extended, it seems to be neces-
sary to adopt some method whereby three or

four days' time of each Convention can be
saved, that is now given over to a general
consideration of rejected claims.

The claims that go to a Convention are
first referred to a special committee, which
goes over them very carefully, considers all
of the evidence, and makes its report to
the Convention proper. The fairness of the
judgment of this committee is shown in the
general acceptance of its report, which, with
but few differences, is usually taken by the
Convention.

Would it be out of place to elect a Board
of Insurance, consisting of five members,
who could meet annually at Grand Lodge
headquarters, and take up, consider and
decide all claims that are referred to it by
the Beneficiary Board?

This commission in disposing of such
claims could be given the same rights and
powers as a general Convention, and could
be made the final Board of Appeal If this
were done, disputed claims could be ad-
justed each year, instead of waiting the full
period between Conventions. The cost to
the organization would be slight as com-
pared with the cost of four days' session of
that body.

INCREASED PAY FOR DELEGATES.

The Grand Master has submitted a prop-
osition to a vote of the lodges to change
Sections 82 and 83, Constitution Grand
Lodge, to the effect that the per diem and
mileage of the delegates to the Atlanta Con-
vention be increased from $5.00 a day and
1% cents per mile, traveled by the shortest
rail and water routes, to $6.00 a day and
2 cents a mile.

Before this change can be made, it will
be necessary for two-thirds of all of the
lodges to vote for it. This means that it
will take an affirmative vote of 506 lodges,
at this date, to change the law and com-
pensation of delegates.

The cost of living has increased, and the
delegates to Atlanta will find it so. Not
that Atlanta will be worse than any other
city, but it will not be below the average in
the cost of living. The time is coming
when the delegate with transportation over
other lines than his own, will not be in the
majority. It will be P^^^r^^ provide

862 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

against that time by increasing the mileage for the reason that it would tie up the or*

rate to meet the cost of passenger mileage, ganization as to its future in a way that

A CENTRALLY LOCATED CITY FOR CONVENTIONS, flight be taken advanUgc oi

The necessity for selecting a city centrally I* « also not out of place to suggest at

located for the holding of our future Con- this time that offers from any city made to

ventions ought to be apparent to every our Convention, with a view to having the

member who will note the mileage made by coming Convention meet in it, ought not to

the delegates attending the Atlanta Con- ^ considered. The Brotherhood of Rail-

vcntion. The mileage will approximate road Trainmen is very thankful for any

something like 400,000 miles more than was courtesies shown to it, but it is not dcpend-

made by the delegates attending the Buffalo cnt on anything of the kind, and as it al-

Convcntion. The Rate Law and the re- ways has had to meet all of its own ex-

striction of free transportation will mean pcnses, regardless of what offers may hav«

considerable additional expense to th« dele- |>cen made to it, it is believed that the time

gates who cannot secure exchange transpor- " now opportune to select the place for

tation over lines other than their own. holding its next Convention, without defer-

The Journal has no desire to name any cnce to any propositions that may be made,

city for future Conventions, but it does To decide to take a future Convention to

recommend a city easy of access to which either one side of the country or the other,

the mileage will not be unduly excessive. It would result in an expense for mileage that

also advises that no one city be selected as can easily be overcome if a centrally located

a permanent place for holding conventions, city is selected.

The Many Injustices.

Railroad companies have played unfair A train of sixty cars will stretch across

with their train and engine men for so several crossings in a city where streets

many years that they seem to have a no- are close together. A train of this size

tion that there is no limit to what they reaches close to three-fourths of a mile,

can impose upon them. The cutting must be done from the rear of

There are little officials, little describes of the train and the hind man, or conduc-

them, too, who seem to take a peculiar sat- tor, must do this work. It takes time and

isfaction in doing things that are certain to long before the last one is cut, the police

get the men in trouble of some kind and are on hand to arrest the conductor and

then sit back and let them make good. fine him for blocking the crossing.

There is one very prolific cause for com- To obey rules and regulations, which

plaint that has been added to by the uncon- means that every hose must be cut by hand

cern of yard masters who compel incom- and every cut section hand braked, takes

ing trains to wait on crossings while they time, more than the usual five minutes al-

switch other trains. It is not always nee- lotted by ordinance and the conductor is in

essary to do this, but it is more convenient for a fine or imprisonment for something

for the yard master. he cannot help.

Every town of size has its ordinances It has been the custom on several roads

regulating traffic within its corporation lim- we have heard from to make the conductor

its, and among them are to be found cer- stand for the fine while the official who

tain fines and penalties for blocking cross- forced him to disobey the law laughed at

ings. When a train is held in yard limits his predicament. In one instance in mind

it is prettty sure to mean the blocking of the conductor refused to pay the fine and

several crossings with the interference of went to jail, but his company ordered him

the city authorities. to pay the fine or quit ^^ ,

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL 363

Thew is another cause for complaint in character that railroad organizations have
a practice certain trouble making officials fought and they have not fought them as
have in holding back time that has been hard as they should by any means for when
turned in according to agreement We an employe gets into trouble because of the
have one instance where the officer took it acts of his superiors he ought not to stand
as a personal grievance when the men re- for one iota of the results,
ceived an advance in wages and on his or- The unfair practices have been the out-
der the men had their wages held back for growth of the disposition of the men to act
as much as five days in one month. The conservatively and fairly with their em-
matter was corrected when taken to the ployers and the latter have taken advan-
superintendent, but the smart Alec was not tage of their fairness. It is to be hoped
disturbed. the limit has been reached and that com-

These are instances of "discipline'* of this mon conoem will make common cause.

Canadian Legislation.

Legislation that is now before the Ca- but, I cannot understand what excuse he
nadian Parliament which is receiving strong has for doing so. In order that a more
opposition from the railway organizations general knowledge of its provisions should
and is known as "An act for the prevention be gained we will first consider Clause 57,
and settlement of strikes in public utili- which is the principle clause of the bill, and
ties," is herewith discussed by Brother J. it reads as follows:
Harvey Hall, our Canadian Legislative "It shall be unlawful for any employer to
Representative. declare or cause a lockout or for any em-

The reason given by the government for ploye to go on strike on account of any dis-
introducing this legislation was the pro- pute prior to a conference of such dispute
longed strike of the coal miners at Leth- to a Board of Conciliation and Investiga-
bridga during the latter part of 1906. The tion, or during the pendency of any pro-
government claim that the public are de- ceedings in relation to such dispute before
manding legislation of this nature and on a board under the provisions of this Act:
the first introduction of the bill its title was Provided that nothing in this section shall
"An Act for the Prevention and Settlement prohibit the suspension or discontinuance
of Strikes in Coal Mines," but on the sec- of any industry or of the working of any
ond reading of the bill was changed to in- persons therein for any cause not constilut-
clude all public utilities, and it was not un- ing a lockout or strike."
til about January 10th that the railway men Section 60, which is the penalty clause
had any knowledge as to their being in- for a breach of 57, reads as follows:
eluded in the bill. The opposition to the "Any employe who goes on strike con-
bill by the railway men, to my mind, is jus- trary to the provisions of this Act shall be
tified because I believe that if the bill is liable to a fine of not less than $10, nor
made law that very serious inconvenience more than $50, for each day or part of a day
and damage will be the result in so far as that such employe is on strike."
the principles of negotiation and dealing be- Section 15 of the Act sets out the pro-
tween the railway organizations and the cedure under which the application shall
railway officials are concerned; notwith- be made and reads as follows:
standing this fact, however, the bill has (1) "The application shall be in writing
some supporters amongst the labor organi- and in the prescribed form, and shall be in
zations. The president ©f the Dominion substance a request to the Minister to ap-
Trades and Labor Congress, who is a mem- point a board to which the existing dispute
ber of the House, has spoken in favor of the may be referred wider the provisions of
principle of the bill and is supporting it, this Act.

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864 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

(2) The application shall be accompanied or in other words the provisions of the law
by— A statement setting forth— (1) The would prevent anything being done until
parties to the dispute: (2) The nature and after the Act had been applied they would
cause of the dispute, including any claims be very liable to be more arbitrary in their
or demands made by either party upon the negotiation of the differences between the
other, to which exception is taken : (3) An men and themselves than they would be
approximate estimate of the number of per- under present conditions. And is it not just
sons affected or likely to be affected by the possible that in the time intervening be-
dispute : (4) The efforts made by the par- tween the application and the report of the
ties themselves to adjust the dispute and board that the company would surround it-

(3) A sworn declaration setting forth ""wi* those moral degenerates known
that, faiUng an adjustment of the dispute or " **'l^* btt^ktts, to such an extent that
a reference thereof by the Minister to a f"" */ »" o^n««tion attempted to en-
Board of ConcUiation and Investigation un- ^*"^*=?,!*» '^*^°f* ^T *"1 ^^ ^ * "^'^
der the Act, a lockout or strike, as the case P?«'»>dity of defeat than under present con-

may be, will be declared, and that the nee- °"'"

essary authority to declare such a loekout Oi course Section 68 of the Act is sup-

or strike had been obtained." P****** *<> prevent anythhig of that nature oc-

„ , „.»,»,.. curring. This clause reads in this way :

By reference to Section No. 6 of the Act ,„ , ....

we find further that application being made ^^^ ^"^ *="»« "^^ * *?~f. *»» ^
the Minister has thirty days from that date 5**""'* f i 'f'^^u? ,. ! '^'f'^^- ."
at which the appUcatiot. is received to es- been Anally dealt with by the board, neither
tablish the board. Now, let us consider just ""! ^I"" P*'**'* »'"■,** «nployes effected
what this means to the railway organiza- *•""• <>\»'j^^\ ot the dispute, do or be
tions. You have negotiated with your com- <=<"•«"*<! m doing, direct y or indirect y.
pany up to the point of u final disagreement. *"y*»""« '" ^^ "**"'« <^' " '?^''°«" *>'/*"^«
You are compelled then to make application. ^ * s"*?*"*'"" or discontinuance of em-
to the Minister to establish the Board of P'^'y*"*"* or work, but the relationship of
Investigation and Conciliation giving a copy .""P'oyef /"<! eniploye shall continue un-
of such notice to the company. The Min- |nt«nipted by the dispute, or anything ans-
ister has thirty days, under Section 6, to '."« *>"/ f* V*« «''*?"?*'? »»•* '^' '» *!« •?«>-
establish this board, and under Section 57 *«"' °[^^^ '^'''f «*««" P'^y uses this or
of the Act it is unlawful for you to go on ""^ «>*•'" provision of this Act for tiie pur-
strike until the board has made its report P?*« «* ""1"*'.'^ mamtaining a given con-
and the same has been published in the ^"''"J ^^ '"f^" t^^o^Kh deUy. and the
Gaiette. The time occupied in making your ^"^^° '"'Pf^'* *« *•>« Minister, such party
appUcation. the establishing of the board ''''«" ^ 8"'l«y »* «" '^^^^ «««' •«"« ^
and the making of the enquiry and the re- *"* **»"« penalties as are unposed for a
port of the board, on a road we will say violation of the next preceeding section."
like the Canadian Pacific Railway, might And this penalty reads as follows:
take three, four, five or six months. Dur- "Any employer declaring or causing a
ing all this time your hands are tied and it lockout contray to the provisions of the Act
is utterly impossible for an organization to shall be liable to a fine of not less than $100,
enforce its demands through the force of nor more than $1,000. for each day or part
its organization, what would be the result of a day that such lodcont exists."
of that ? In the first place would it not have You can readily see by interpreting that
a tendency to destroy and effect that prin- it means very little so far as the employer
ciple of collective bargaining and negotia- is concerned and it would be almost impos-
tion that the railway organizations have sible to prosecute, or prove that there had
brought to such a high standard, and have been a breach of the law in employing strike
been so successful that a strike is almost breakers to take the places of the men in
unknown to the railway organizations in case of a dispute, notwithstanding the f^ct
Canada. The very fact of the railway com- that they may have done so, and for this
panics knowing that there was a stopblock, very reason I am surprised that the bill

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S. JOURNAL. 3«5

should have any supporters from labor or- such restrictive legislation and taking the

ganizations. Exception has been taken by Minister's own word for it. On the intro-

several members of the House to my circu- duction of his bill, when asked why he did

lar issued to the organizations, wherein I not include railways, said they were already

stated that this was the second step made legislated for in the Railway Labor Disputes

by the present government towards com- Settlement Act of 1903, which had proven

pulsory arbitration. I cannot see wherein so satisfactory that there had not been a

that exception is well founded because in strike in Canada since it was placed upon

1902 Sir William Mulock introduced a com- the statute books.

pulsory arbitration bill and, although this The bill has been considered in commit-
is not compulsory arbitration, it is border- tee with the exception of the clauses which
ing so close on the principle that I believe will effect the railway men. The govern-
that the bill would work greater disadvan- ment waiting a reply from me to a proposi-
tages than even if we had compulsory ar- tion made by the Minister which in effect
bitration. was to exempt us from the bill and amend
The railway men make this further ob- the Railway Labor Disputes Act to put us
jection to the bill that it interferes with under the same restrictions as the bill un-
their rights as citizens. We claim tmder der discussion. This proposition has been
the British constitution that every man declined.

stands on the same level and is subject to Let me say in conclusion, give close scrut-

the same laws of citizenship. We look up- iny to the actions of your member. See

on this as class legislation created to re- whether he votes for or against you.
strict and interfere with our rights as free Yours fraternally,

men, and we say further that the govern- J. Harvey Hall,

ment has no excuse in bringing us under Legislative Representative.

The Supreme Court Decides The Schlemmer

Case.

On March 4th, the Supreme Court of the with an iron bar instead of an automatic

United States reversed the decision of the coupler. In order to couple the steam

courts of Pennsylvania, in the appeal of shovel to the caboose, it was necessary for

Catherine Schlemmer vs. the Buffalo, Schlemmer to get down under the caboose,

Rochester and Pittsburg Railway Com- hold up the coupling bar and make the

pany. coupling, or sustain almost certain injury

Mrs. Schlemmer sued in the State Courts and death,

of Pennsylvania to recover damages for In obedience to orders, he undertook to

r * killing of her husband, who was a perform this work, failed to make the coup-

brakeman in the employ of that company, ling, and was killed. The Pennsylvania

He was killed while endeavoring, ui:der or- courts decided that his death was caused

ders, to couple together a steam shovel and by his own negligence, and. regardless of

a caboose. To couple them, it was neces- the Automatic Safety Appliance Law, non-

sary for Schlemmer to go between the ends suited the case. The matter was brought to

of the cars and under them, below the level the attention of the Brotherhood of Rail-

of the platforms. road Trainmen, and an appropriation made

Through no fault of his own, he filled by it to carry the case to the Supreme

to make the coupling. The cars came to- Court of the United States. In rendering

gether crushing his head and instantly kill- its decision, the Supreme Court of the

ing him. The steam shovel was equipped United States made some very important

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866 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

rulings concerning the construction and ap- not be deemed to have assumed the risk
plications of certain sections of the Safety thereby occasioned, although continuing in
Appliance Laws. the emplo3rment of the carrier after the un-
In the Pennsylvania courts, the trial lawful use had been brought to his know-
judge directed the jury to return a verdict ledge. The questions of contract, assump-
for the defendant railway company, on the tion of risk and contributory negligence
ground that the Safety Appliance Laws in were not given credence by the court, which
question had no application to the case, or held that the statute was intended to pro-
that if they did, Schlemmer had been guilty tect the employe from the use of dangerous
of contributory negligence, which would machinery.

bar him from making a recovery, because The court further decided that "apart
while making the coupling he had raised up from the notion of contract, which is rather
his head too high, though warned by the shadowy as applied to this broad form of
yard conductor, who was superintending the the latter conception, the practical differ-
making up of the train, to keep it down, ence of the two ideas is in the degree of
This ruling on appeal was aflfirmed by the their proximity to the particular harm. The
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, although preliminary conduct of getting into the
it was urged in that court, as it had been in dangerous employment or relation is said
the trial court, that the injury which to be accompanied by assumption of risk.
Schlemmer suffered was a risk incident to The act more immediately leading to a
the coupling of cars not fitted with auto- specific accident is called negligent But,
matic couplings, and the Federal Safety the difference between the two is one of
Appliance Laws expressly declared that a degree rather than of kind; and when a
railway employe who was injured by any statute exonerates a servant from the for-
such car when used in interstate commerce mer» if at the same time it leaves the de-
should not be deemed to have assumed such fense of contributory negligence still open
risks. to the master, a matter upon which we ex-
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the ma- press no opinion, then, unless great care
jority opinion of the United States Supreme be taken, the servant's rights will be sacri-
Court The court decided that the assump- ficed by simply charging him with asstmip-
tion of risk and contributory negligence tion of risk under another name. Especially
were so closely merged that, in the broad is this true in Pennsylvania, where some
sense, assumption of risk shaded into, neg- cases, at least, seem to have treated assump-
ligence, and as commonly understood — tion of risk and negligence as convertible
"Negligence consists in conduct, which terms.

common experience, or the special knowl- Patterson vs. Pittsburg and Connellsville

edge of the actor, shows to be so likely Railroad Company, 76 Penn. St 389. We

to produce the result complained of, under cannot help thinking that this has happened

the circumstances known to the actor, that in the present case, as well as that the rul-

he is held answerable for that result, al- ing upon Schlemmer*s negligence was so

though it was not certain, intended, or involved with and dependent upon erron-

foreseen.** eous views of the statute that if the judg-

Thc decision declared that "the object of men stood, the statute would suffer a

the law was to protect the lives and limbs wound.

of railroad employes, by rendering it un- To recur for a moment to the facts, the
necessary for a man operating the couplers only grc ..id if any, on which Schlemmer
to go between the <nds of the cars.'* The could be charged with negligence is that
court held that these conditions applied to when he was between the tracks he was
steam shovel cars, as well as to locomo- twice warned by the yard conductor to keep
tives, and held that the words "Used in his head down. It is true that he had a stick,
moving interstate traflic" should not be which the rules of the company required to
taken in a narrow sense. be used in coupling, but it could not have
Section 8 of the act was held to mean been used in this case, or at least the con-
that any employe injured by any car in use, trary could not be and was not aisumed for
contrary to the provisions of the act, iball the purpote of directing a non-suit

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

367

It wa^ necessary for him to get between
the rails and under the shovel car as he
did, and his orders contemplated that he
should do so. But the opinion of the trial
judge, to which, as has been seen, the Su-
preme Court refers, did not put the decision
on the fact of warning alone. On the con-
trary, it began with a statement that an em-
ploye takes the risk even of unusual dan-
gers if he has notice of them. Then it
went on to say that the deceased attempted
to make the coupling with a full knowledge
of the danger, and to imply that the defend-
ant was guilty of negligence in using the
arrangement which it used. It then decided
in terms that the shovel car was not a car
within the meaning of Section 2. Only
after these preliminaries did it say that,
were the law otherwise, the deceased was
guilty of contributory negligence, leaving
it somewhat uncertain what the negligence
was.

It seems to us not extravagant to say
that the final ruling was so implicated with
the earlier errors that on that ground alone,
the judgment should not be allowed to
stand. We are clearly of opinion that
Schlemmer's rights were in no way im-
paired by his getting between the rails and
attempting to couple the cars. So far, he
was saved by the provision that he did not
assume the risk. The negligence, if any,
came later. We doubt if this was the opin-
ion of the court below. But suppose the
non-suit has been put clearly and in terms
on Schlemmer's raising his head too high
after he had been warned. Still, we could
not avoid dealing with the case, because it
still would be our duty to see that his priv-
ilege against being held to have assumed the
risk of the situation should not be impaired
by holding the same thing under another
name. If a man not intent on suicide, but
desiring to live, is said to be chargeable
with negligence as matter of law, when he
miscalculates the height of the car behind
him by an inch, while his duty requires him,
in his crouching position, to direct a heavy
draw-bar, moving above him into a small
slot in front, and this in the dusk, at nearly
nine of an August evening, it is utterly im-
possible for us to interpret this ruling as
not, however unconsciously, introducing the
notion that to some extent tb^ mm ba4

taken the risk of the danger by being in the
place at all. .

But whatever may have been the mean-
ing of the local courts, we are of opinion
that the possibility of such a minute mis-
calculation, under such circumstances, what-
ever it may be called, was so inevitably and
clearly attached to the risk which Schlem-
mer did not assume, that to enforce the
statute requires that the judgment should
be reversed." It was reversed.

The case is now remanded for new trial,
under the Safety Appliance Laws, with the
alleged contributory negligence eliminated
from the question. In this decision, the
United States Supreme G)urt has very
much strengthened the Safety Appliance
Law, and has defined more explicitly than
ever before the difference between the as-
sumption of risk and contributory negli-
gence.

The effect on other courts ought to be
apparent in their decisions, for with the
ruling of the United States Supreme Court
on cases of this character, there seems to
be nothing but delay, if a State Court sets
an injury case aside on the ground of con-
tributory negligence, when such negligence
cannot properly be so termed, and where
injury is incurred in obeying the orders of
a superior employe.

This case was brought to the attention of
the Honorable Edward A. Moseley, Secre-
tary Interstate Commerce Commission, by
Brother Hugh R. Fuller, the National Leg-
islative Representative of the railroad or-
ganizations. The Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen furnished the funds for printing
the record and briefs, while Mr. Moseley
secured the services of Mr. Frederick D.
McKenney and Mr. Luther M. Walter to
assist him in the presentation of the case
before the Supreme Court The case was
argued by the two latter, some time ago, and
on March 4th the decision as herein quoted
was given, and the case remanded for a
new trial.

It is unnecessary to say that the Brother-
hood of Railroad Trainmen very much ap-
preciates the friendly and capable assistance
given to the case by Mr. Moseley. The de-
cision can be taken with a great deal of sat-
isfaction by every man who Is engaged in
the transporution icrvice of our railways.

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368 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

Another Donation For The Child Toilers.

It will be interesting to the thousands of den fortunes at the expense of the working
child workers in the United States to know classes. It will go to such communities as
that their oft time benefactor, Mr. Rocke- that presided over by Chanoellor Day,
feller, is getting ready to hand out another whose chief work is to laud the trusts,
bunch of millions for their educational ben- those great brain aggregations, that offer
efit That is, provided, they get enough ed- work to muscular but brainless humanity
ucation and money themselves to allow them not blessed by having been taken into part-
to participate in the benefits of the so-styled nership with Providence,
"higher" education. Do not lose sight of the &ct that the in-

It must make every breaker boy's heart terest bearing securities must maintain their
thump against his little ribs to know that earning power or the community having
from the excessive wealth that Mr. Rocke- been blessed with a share of the donation
feller has accumulated he is going to de- will suffer. This means common cause be-
vote so many millions for the defense and tween such communities and the Standard
maintenance of higher education. The girls Oil against whatever pressure may be
and boys in the mills, the steel workers and brought to bear to regulate the powers of
mine workers, even the sweat shop workers this corporation. It is an insurance against
doing their daily toil that brings them forty popular opinion that demands fair treatment
cents a week, can lift their voices in songs from the great corporations,
of praise and raise their eyes to high heaven There is no fish too small for Mr. Rocke-
through the murky gloom of the kerosene feller's net His great corporation will pur-
lamp and be grateful that so mighty an in- sue just as mercilessly the poor devil who
fluence is raised in their behalf. is trying to make a living with his little

Mr. Rockefeller has modestly protested wagon selling oil for an independent con-
that he is not giving so much. If the cern as he will a rival corporation Not so
amount were divided in wages among the long ago the Standard Oil drivers asked for
workmen in his mines, factories and other more wages and showed that the amount
industries there would be greater opportun- received gave no opportunity on earth for
ity for the masses of children to get some- an education for their children. They could
thing of a practical education that would not feed and clothe them on their $2.00 a
get them out of the rut of ignorance to day, but the Standard threatened them with
which the low wages of their fathers has displacement and pointed to the hordes of
condemned them. foreign workmen who would jump at the

Mr. Rockefeller recently gave $32,000,000 chance to '^better their condition," and the
to the cause of higher education, that is, he drivers went back to work,
gave interest bearing securities to that Every great corporation in this country
amount, and the gift was followed by a pays tribute to the Standard in some way
raise in oil prices that was the greatest ever or another and every railroad employe,
loaded on the customer. He must have got therefore, is made indirectly a burden
his donation back for we are advised that bearer of the Standard load, for he must
once more he will donate to the cause of cam for his corporation sufficient to meet
the downtrodden rich who can send their the Standard demands before his wages can
sons and daughters to high class colleges be considered.

and universities where the doctrine of the This is the story of millions taken from
rights of man will not interfere with the the earnings of the toilers, given to insti-
life time teaching of the doctrine of the tutions to which the workmen and their
superiority of wealth. children can never enter or enjoy the bene-

This money will not wander into forbid- fits therefrom. It means the continued prac-
den paths where professors of economics tice of giving the advantages to those who
tell the truth of the rise of great and sod- do not need them.

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NOXE>®

Waktkd. — To know the address of Arthur
Baugh; his mother is very anxious to hear from
him. Address ti, M. Chitwood, Station A, Somer-
set, Ky.

• • •

Anyonx knowing the whereabouts of H. L.
Flower will please notify G. F. Brissey, 1 E. Front
street, Spokane, Wash. Last heard from in Oak-
land, CaL

• • •

Wanted. — The address of J. F. Buffington, a
member of Lodge No. 818; last heard from at
Cochran, Ind. Address C. D. Parker, Secretary

Lodge No. 818.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of Frank
Moore; last heard from at Montevideo, Minn. Ad-
dress H. S. Wright, c. o. Omaha House, Norfolk
Junction, Nebr.

• • •

Wanted. — ^To know the whereabouts of F. H.
Walsh, who worked on the I. & G. N. at Mart,
Texas, in December 1900. Address A. J. Carney,

Big Springs, Texas.

• • •

Wanted. — The address of Brother Joe B. King,
formerly of Lodge No. 160. Last heard of was
working out of Salt Lake. Address H. C. King,

Sapulpa, Ind. Ter.

• • •

Wanted.— The address of J. C. Wilson. Last
heard from at Mondova; also Red Payne, last
heard from at Mexico City. Address G. O. Cap-
well, Lodge No. 430.

• • •

Saw FxANasco, Cal. — The JotrmNAL is advised
that employment can be given a number of men
at San Francisco, Cal. Address Brother C. C.
Weickman, 1720 9th street, Oakland, Cal.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the adddress of Brother
Mike Daley. Last heard from at East St Louis,
111., in 1905; working for the Bridge Terminal Co.
Address Samuel Durant, Blackstone, Mass. Mas-
ter Lodge No. 890.

• • •

Wanted. — Peter Homelsen, formerly of Lodge
No. 180, at Portland, Ore., and up to April 1st,
1900, a member of Lodge No. 197 at Seattle,
Wash., to write to his brother, P. J. Homelsen,
8958 Hig^ street, Denver, Colo.
• • •

Wanted. — ^To know the whereabouts of Charlie
Roosa. Last heard from at Detroit, Mich. He is
sixteen years old, about five feet, slender, dark
brown eyes and hair. Address Herman Roosa,
No. 149 GreenkiU avenue, Klnsfston, N. Y.
4-1

Wanted. — ^T. G. Davidson, formerly a member
of Lodge No. 198, last heard from in El Paso,
Texas, about a year ago, to communicate with W.
J. Davidson, 76« State str«t, San Diego, Cal., or
D. F. Smith, 125 E. Market street, Indianapolis,
Ind.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of Thomas
F. O'Hara, who joined the Brotherhood about
seven years ago, at Pitcaim yards. Last heard
from about six years ago, while working at Bes-
semer, Colo. Address his sister Margaruite
O'Hara, Wilmerding, Pa.

• • •

IDEALS OF THE LABOR MOVEMENT.
Copies of this book can be procured from Miss
Anna E. Nichols, Neighborhood House, Chicago,
111. Ten cents per copy. There are many things
in this little pamphlet that ere of interest to every-
one who works for wages.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of F. I.
Moore, formerly a member of Lodge No. 4, Chi-
cago, ill. On account of his father*s death, De-
cember 81st, 1906, he is very much needed at
home to help settle the estate. Address H. Moore,
5789 Union avenue, Chicago, III.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of M. R.
Miller, Jr. His father, M. R. Miller, of Division
No. 14 O. R. C, Cleveland, Ohio, is stranded in
Danville, ill., and wants him to assist him. He
is in need, away from home, and among strangers.
Address M. R. Miller, Sr., c. o. R. R. Y. M. C. A.,
Danville, lU.

• • •

Wanted. — The address of Henry J. Clark, a rail-
road brakeman, a member of Lodge No. 588. He
has been gone from home for nine weeks. Last
heard from the latter part of February. He was
then employed on the Wabash R. R., Decatur,
111. Address Mrs. Henry J. Clark, 225 South Sute
street, Indianapolis, Ind.

« • •

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of Martin
Cavan. When last heard from he was working in
Pueblo, Colo. He also worked in Conway, on the
Pennsylvania R. R. His family is very anxious
to hear from him, as several have died since he
was last heard from, and he is wanted home on
important business. Address John Cavan, 87
Bowman street, Wilkesbarre, Pa.

• • *

Chicago, Ohio. — Our General Committee has
been to Baltimore, and returned after a month's
visiting, with the result that our salaries have
been incrcsKd something better than 10 per ocRtt

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Following this increase in wages; all of the busi-
ness firms in the city have increased everything
that our people have to purchase, so that by the
time all of them get through with us we are no
better off than before the committee went down.
IftA Van BuasN.

* • •

WE HAVE A NUMBER OF THESE.
MiNMSAPOLis, Minn. — I received a Webb C
Ball B. R. T. watch, and am cerUinly very proud
of the same. I am sure more of the boys will
take an interest in the subscription work when
they see what a dandy watch it is. Thanking you
very much for the sam^ I remain.
Fraternally yours,
C. W. Straub, Lodge No. 512.

* * *

PirrsBumo, Pa. — Lodge No. 7 has a large mem-
bership, and is adding to it at almost every meet-
ing. Since the last increase was received by our
members, we have had to woric extra to take care
of the applications. We have the usual number
who do not attend meetings, and depend upon
their brothers who do to keep them advised about
what is going on. I think the most of them
could spare the time to be with us occasionally, if
they would make the effort

J. J. MuBPHY, Lodge No. 7.

* * *

ADVERTISING CIRCULARS.

The JouBNAL receives very many requests from
business firms doing a mail order business, asking
for a copy of the Joubnal containing the Direc-
tory. Ihis is undoubtedly to be used in sending
out circulars to the officers of the different lodges.
Unless the circular received is from an advertiser
in Thx Railxoao Tbain men's Joubnal, please pay
no attention to it. Circulars received from non-
advertisers in the Joubnal do not deserve atten-
tion.

* • •

Jackson, Tbnn. — Brother Harry Adams, of
Lodge No. 677, has been working on the M. & O.,
and through his efforts a nice class of applicants
has been brought to our lodge.

We are very glad to say that conditions on the
M. & O. are getting to be much better, and the
effects of the strike have about entirely disappear-
ed. Lodge No. 210 is the banner lodge of Ten-
nessee, and we are very anxious that it become
the banner lodge of the South.

Abthub H. Mbbbitt.

* * ♦

Oakland, Cal. — ^Lodge No. 71 is admitting new
members at every meeting, regardless of the fact
that the Switchmen's Union has started a lodge
here. The members of Lodge No. 71 are not idle,
and we do not expect that the Switchmen's Union
will get very many of our members. There are
a few that we have not tried, and which may flock
to the other standard.

Lodge No. 71 is always ready and anxious to
get all of the eligible members who are desirous.
There is plenty of work to be had on the Coast
In the yards and on the road, and it is pretty safe
to promise employment to anyone who desires it

H. S. FOWLIB.

Washington, D. C. — Lodge No. 484 is gaining
in membership, and its meetings are well attended.
We are having a great deal of illness among our
members, but it is all very nicely taken care of
by the proper committee.

On February 20th, we had a very pleasant en-
tertainment after our regular meeting, at which
we were entertained with recitations, instrumental
and vocal solos and addresses by the members,
which made up a very pleasant social hour.

A cordial invitation is extended to all visitors
to attend meetings. H. T. Iksland.

* * *

Allandalx, Ont. — Lodge No. 877 is getting on
splendidly. All of the men on our division are
working hard, for business has been very good. A
number of our members have been promoted, but
they still sUy with the d. R. T.

We have Uie usual objection in that a number
do not attend lodge as often as they might.
There are too many who have the usual excuse
for not doing so. We have a good set of officers,
and if our members will do their part, we will
surely have a successful year.

The Ladies' Auxiliary recently held a very suc-
cessful entertainment, which has encouraged them
and us as welL W. F. McMokban.

* * *

THE NEW WATER PROOF CLOTHINa

"Raino," the new water proof clothing, was the
sensation of the year. Many railroad employes,
letter carriers and hundreds of others bought and
approved it in the strongest terms.

It has absolutely water proof qualities, lightness,
cleanliness, pliability, comfort and the fact that it
won't stick or gum under any circumstances and
that the manufacturers guaranteed all the above
conditions, placed it away in the van among Water
Proof garments.

Our readers will find the advertisement of the
manufacturer, E. A. Armstrong Manufacturing
Company, on another page of this issue and we
urge every one to give it careful consideration.

* • •

Handlky, W. Va. — Our General Committee for
the C. & O. system has returned with an increase
of 80 cents per day for conductors, and 25 cents
for brakemen. The boys are very well satisfied
over the result of the work of the committee.

Our lodge is admitting new members at almost
every meeting, and they seem to be very ready to
come to us, as soon as they have been here the
required time. We have a good set of officers,
who are doing everything they can to advance the
interests of the lodge. Our members are taking
more interest in its affairs than they have for
some time, and the future, therefore, looks very
promising. J. R. Bklchxb.

* * *

RormDASC Junction, N. Y. — I hope the mem-
bers of Lodge No. 800 will pay some attention to
attending the regular meetings of the lodge, and
keep themselves informed as to what is going on.
I do not mean to say that all of them are negli-
gent in this matter, but the majority are.

Wearing a fraternity emblem is not all of mem-
bership, and many of our members ought to under-
stand by this time that their objections to what

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371

has been done shouts be aired in the lodge room
rather than elsewhere.

We always have interesting meetings, because
of the admissions, and no one can say that the
meetings are tiresome. I trust that we will have
better attendance.

W. H. McCarthy, Lodge No. 300.

* * ♦

La Csossb, Wis.— On and after April 1st, Gate-
way City Lodge No. 17« will meet in the after-
noon at 8 o'clock sharp, instead of mornings. We
think and hope this v/ill be more satisfactory to
our members, and give some of our brothers who
have had the excuse of not being able to get
around in the morning a chance to show them-
selves in the lodge room.

Applications are coming in at every meeting,
and how different it looks to a candidate when he
sees a good attendance. It helps things along in
general. You know how; so come out and give
us a hand.

Journal Agent, Lodge No. 176.

* * «

Chillicothb, Ohio. — Everyone is looking hope-
fully toward the future for the adjustment of
wages for the train service employes on the B. &
O. Southwestern. The B. of L. E. has adjusted its
troubles; the Firemen are in a fair way to do so,
and our committee will follow.

Lodge No. 843 is adding to its membership list
at every meeting, and there are a number who
are very anxious to become members of the or-
ganization, but they have not been in service the
required time, I trust they will be as good work-
ers for the organization after they get into it as
they are anxious to get in.

Financier, Lodge No. 848.

* * *

Syracuse, N. Y.— Lodge No. 830 is adding to
its membership at every meeting, and the majority
of admissions come from the yard service. Every-
one appreciates the danger and long hours inci-
dent to yard service, and it is believed will not
object to the idea that eight hours is long enough
for this class of employes to work. The employes
in offices and shops work eight hours, and it seems
to me that a man in yard employment is entitled
to as short a work day as these classes of em-
ployes.

The members are advised to carry applications
with them, and whenever the opportunity occurs,
ask the non-member to fill out an application, and
get into the organization that has done so much
for him. Journal Agent, Lodge No. 880.

* * «

Des Moines, Iowa. — Lodge No.* 608 is six years
old, and has one hundred and forty members. I
think the lodges ought to thoroughly instruct their
delegate to the Convention. Let him know what
measures are desired by the lodge, so that he
can present his ideas in a concise and definite
manner, and, at the same time, allow the rest of
the delegates to understand what legislation is
favored by his lodge.

I believe Qeveland, Ohio, would make a good
place for future Conventions. I am in favor of a
different plan of representation. If the plan of
representation adopted by the United States Gov-

ernment is a good one, why would it not do for
us.' Another thing that might be remembered is
the question of unnecessary expense from cellar
to garret. Geo. C. Brown.

* ♦ ♦

Albany, N. Y.— Your letter of February 88th
has been received by me, relative to the watch
sent me for getting the subscribers to The Rail-
road Trainmen's Journal. This watch has reach-
ed me evidently in the best possible condition, and
it is needless to say that I will be only 'too pleased
(as well as proud) to show it to anybody who
would appreciate a look at a first-class beautiful
watch.

It is certainly a beauty, and while my physical
condition was such as to make it quite a task to
get around to get the 75 subscribers, I am so
taken up with the watch you sent me that with a
little outside help toward getting 75 more sub-
scribers, I am going to try for another watch.

Thanking you, I am. Sincerely yours,

Wm Bozler, Lodge No, 565.

* * *

Richmond, Va. — Lodge No, 634 has a good
membership, and is adding to it at almost every
meeting. The indications are that we will con-
tinue to admit members for some time to come.

Our olficers are of the very best, and are doing
all that could be expected of them. Our com-
mittee has returned, with a nice increase in wages
and a betterment in working conditions, so that
our contract is the best one that has ever been
secured on the A. C. L.

Business is very good; we are running fourteen
crews on the Richmond Division, and expect to
make it twenty-five in a few weeks. In summer,
we run thirty-five cars to a train. In the early
spring, we run eight or ten express cars to a
train. You can imagine what we can do with
these trains if the Train Dispatcher will only let
us do it. J. G. Evans, Lodge No. 634.

« « *
LOST!

The following articles herein mentioned as lost,
if found, will please be returned to the Financier
of the lodge of which the loser is a member:

R. H. King, Lodge No. 575, pocketbook con-
taining February and March receipts. March
receipt filled out for secret work. Also annual
pass on Pennsylvania Southwest System, baggage
car pass, and sixty dollars in money. Was lost in
Cincinnati, Ohio.

R. E. Montgomery, Lodge No. 577, pocketbook
containing money, letters, receipts and traveling
card.

Lewis Kreider, Lodge No. 128, had stolen one
suit of black clothes, with name in pocket; four
years' receipts, pocketbook bearing name and num-
ber of lodge.

E. L. Trimble, Lodge No. 370, receipt case, con-
taining receipts and valuable papers.

Sam Ludwig, Lodge No. 138, receipts, book of
rules and letters.

E. J. Emerson, Lodge No. 107, receipts from
March 1908 to June 1905. and Lodge No. 78,
from July 1905 to April 1907.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Business Subscribers Received For
March

Under this head the Journal wt'il print once
the name, business and business address of each
business firm, or, of each person in business for
himself, or, representing a business firm as its
agent who subscribes for one year. The idea is
to inform our readers who among their businessmen
have subscribed and to recommend to them the
fairness of giving their patronage to those who have
patronized the Journal.

HOUSTON. TEXAS.

Received from L. C. Hennessy, Lodge No. 284:

A. R. Anderson, Sheriff.

A. J. Harvers, care F. W. Heightman Co.,
Heavy Hauling.

Jim Oliver, Switch Cafe, Liberty and Walnut

H. Rolke, All Day Market, 1508 Washington.

H. S. Taylor, Groceries and Feed, 1810 Fulton.

E. Malavansos, Cafe, 903 Congress.

Teasdale & Co., Pearl Bar, 415 Travis.

Rouse & Anderson, Druggists, 401 Main.

Gorman & McAughan, Pawn Brokers, 910 Pra-
rie avenue.

Wheelahan & Walsh, Cafe, 1108 Preston avenue.

W. A. Moore, Tailor, 812 Fannin street.

E. L. Benson & Co., Jewelers and Brokers, 806
Main.

Mosehart & Keller, Carriage Makers, 1304
Franklin avenue.

Johnson Bros., Livery and Boarding Stables,
1211 Preston avenue.

O. L. White, Houston Trunk Factory, 611 Main.

C. S. Crooks, Juice of the Grape, 216 Main.

E. Drouet, Dealer in Live Stock, 209 Main.

C. Hummel, American Tailor, 418 Milam.
Minor & Co., Tailors, 515 Main.

E. L. Clark, Proprietor Cabinet Bar, 416 Main.
A. R. Miller, County Tax Assessor, Court

House.

H. Albright, District Clerk, 2119 Crawford.
J. Currcy, Groceries, 1401 Washington.

D. Goodman, Cafe, 901 Washington.
Houston Paint Co., 701-703 Fannin.
Lovejoy & Parker, Attorneys, Bentz Building.

DUBUQUE, IOWA.
Received from E. Lane, Lodge No. 681:

F. D. Praudy, Grand Opera House Buffet, 801
Iowa.

J. Hcim, Hotel, 8242 Couler avenue.

G. J. Hayes, Retail Grocer, 26th and Jackson.
G. A. Pfiffner, Groceries, Wines and Cigars,

25th and Jackson.

Bott Bros., Shoes, 640 Main.

Hub Clothing Co., Union Made Gothing, 620
and 522 Main.

Dubuque Brewing & Malting Co., 27th and Jack-
son.

National Clothing Co., Clothing and Furnishings,
Sixth and Main.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Received from H. F. Vollmer, Lodge No. 482 1

E. Irwin, Meat Market, southwest corner G
street and Allegheny avenue.

J. C. Handel, Druggist, northeast comer G and
Westmoreland,

CHESTER, PA.
Received from W. A. Sill, Lodge No. 732:
W. Warner, Barber. 2300 W. Third.
H. C. Watson, BUcksmith, 1017 W. Eighth.

MINNESOTA.
Received from W. L. Gatrell, Lodge No. 339:

TWO HARBORS.
John Story, Restaurant.
W. Elfstrand, Druggist
Ernst Strand, Barber, First street.
Alex. Gravelle. Hotel.
J. D. Budd, Budd*8 Hospital.
Warren & Finn, Commercial Exchange.
Emil Nelson, Sheriff.
T. J. Brown, Barber and Undertaker.

ELY.
Jno. Glode, Exchange Hotel.
A. J. Feuske, Hardware.
Vail Clothing Co.

CHAMBERSBURG, PA.

Received from H. E. Ritter, Lodge No. 736:

Pen Mar Grocery Co., Center Square.

J. W. Rearick & Co., N. Main.

Eyster & Snyder. 70 N. Main.
NEBRASKA.

Received from G. H. White, Lodge No. 134:
ELM CREEK.

R. D. Garrison. Banker.

GRAND ISLAND.

Dr. B. R. McGrath, Physician, 121 W. Third.
JERSEY SHORE, PA.

Received from John M. Bricker, Lodge No. 344:

Max Mamolen, Boots, Shoes and Rubbers,
Main street.

W. P. Smith, Photographer, Broad and Alle-
gheny.

CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA.

Received from H. M. Clark, Lodge No. 66:

Dr. A. B. Poore, Second avenue, E.
EASTON, Pa.

Received from J. S. Van Sickle, Lodge No 2:

Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co., 862 Northampton.

G. D. Hurlock & Co., Mining Investments,
Drake Bldg.

O. Hays, Restaurant and Cafe, 60 Center Sq.

Dr. F. L. Clark, Dentist, 600 First Nafl, Bk.
Bldg.

The Bell Store, Shoe Store, 144 Northampton.

L. Rosenbaum, Millinery Palace, 407 Northamp-
ton.

£. Taylor & Co., Undertakers, 626 Northampton.

W. H. Markley, Bottler, 641 Walnut

John J. Seip, Hotel Sterling.

Union Clothing Co., 204-206 Northampton.

Aicher & Mart, Wall Papers, 164166 Northanp-
ton.

Wm. L. Folk, CrysUl Palace Cafe, 134 North-
ampton.

Jacob Walters, Shoe Parlors, 102 Northampton.

W. H. Keller, Music Dealer, 49 and S21 North-
ampton.

S. J. Hochman, Union Made Clothing, 280
Northampton,

Wro. Uubach ft Son9| Piy Good»j Northaroptoq,

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H. G. Siegfried, National Bank, Northampton.

Feinbcrg Bros. & Kowite, Furniture, 668 North-
ampton street.

M. McCabe, Pomfret House. 110 So. Srd.

E. S. Flick, Barber, Carrye Bldg., Northampton.

Drake & Co., Wholesale Grocers, So. Srd street.

Harry G. Seip, Restaurant and Cafe, 87 So. Srd.

Jas. F. Craters & Sons, Wholesale Produce Deal-
ers, comer Srd and Ferry.

Geo. F. H. Hellick Tea Co., 118 S. Srd.

Jacob Walters & Sons, Flour and Feed Store,
S. Srd stret.

Aicher Bros., Wall Paper Store, 102 S. Srd.

Magee Bros., Wholesale Produce Dealers, 84
S. Srd.

Rader Bros., Dry Goods Store, Northampton st.

W. J. Daub & Son, Furniture, Northampton st

Chas. Buening, Florist, 1900 Lehigh.

Reynolds & Co., Confectionery, Northampton st.

Geehrs Shoe Store. Northampton street.

D. Clark Jewelry Co., 223 Northampton street.
Hoofman Bros., Clothing Store, 141 Northamp-
ton street.

Gamsu & Joluster, Millinery Store.
A. B. Gamier, Stoves and Hardware, 118 North-
ampton street.

Stotz Bros., Stove Store, 2nd and Northampton.

Ncnning & Bitzer, 619 Northampton.

Bush & Bull, Dry Goods, Northampton street.

A. L. Raub & Co.. Florists, So. 4th street.

J. Moore, Harness Manufacturer, 88 N. 4th st.

Pollock Brush Co., 26-27 No. 4th street.

E. C. Franklin. Grocer, 615 Walnut.

J. L. Smith, Mt. Vemon Hotel, 6th and North-
ampton streets.

S. E. Miller, Furniture Store, 624 Northampton.

Lipshitz & Peters, Clothiers and Hatters, cor 6th
and Northampton streets.

Chas. Arner, Franklin House.

J. O. Woslayar, Family Shoe Store, 419 North-
ampton street.

J. F. Kirkpatrick. Tailor, 473 Northampton st.

Erwin Heller, Wm. Penn Hotel, 509 Northamp-
ton street.

L. Rosenfclt, Merchant Tailor, 469 Northampton.

H. Springer, Millinery Store, 431 Northampton.

H. L. Mayer, Shoe Store, 427 Northampton st.

Sherer Bros., Clothiers and Hatters, Northamp-
ton street.

H. E. Woelhile, News Furnisher, 104-106
Northampton street.

W. R. Bricker, Clothier, So Srd cor. Lehigh sts.

Jas. Osterstock, Stoves and Ranges, 216 North-
ampton.

D. J. Howells & Son, Cemetery Work, 23 S.
Front.

W. G. Lerch, Grocer, Seventh and Northampton.

Belo R. Seip Brewery Co.

A. Hay & Bro., Grocers, 693 Northampton.

R. B. Brittian, 500 Northampton.

Willibald Kuebler, Cafe.

J. W Correll & Sons, Wholesale Dry Goods,
Bank and Pine streets.

A. J. Ulmer, John's Cafe, 151 S. Third.

Wilson Stove Mfg. Co., 211 Northampton.

Geo. E. Leininger, Furniture, 104 S. Third.

Dr. D. R. Detweiler, Opera House Block, North-
ampton.

Jno. C. Nickels, Confectionery Store, 417 North
ampton.

I. Goldsmith, Clothing, Center Square and
Third street.

Easton Furniture Co.^ 14 to 29 S. Fourth.

Geo. Valas, Candy Store, 107 Northampton.

H. S. Cavanaugh, Attorney-at-Law, Trust Bldg.

J. S. Rodenbaugh Water Co.

Lee Socks, Hatter and Men's Furnishings, 15 S.
Third.

E. H. Miller, Cornice Works, 132 S. Third.

E. Harris Ashton, Undertaker, Pine and Bank.

E. G. Cheesman, Cigar Store, 469 Northampton.
P. Correll, News Dealer, Ferry street.

H. G. Tombler & Co., Ferry street.

Wm. H. King, Dyeing Establishment, 225 Ferry.

Wm. Reeser. Grocer, 136 So. 4th street.

Geo. J. Heck, Coal Yard, 300 So. Srd street.

Morey & La Rue Co., Laundry, 227 Northamp-
ton.

No. 2 Engine House^ 12th street.

Jno. McNeal, City Engineer, Wagner avenue.

A. J. Oden welder. Druggist, 404 Northampton.

Childs, The Grocer, comer 6th and Walnut.

Sage's Family Liquor Store, Third and Ferry.

Jas. Shively, Central Hotel, corner Fourth and
Northampton.

J. Brunner, Notary Public, Room 211 Porter
Block.

J. T. Schleicher, Cafe, 665 Northampton.

S. Morvick, Gents* Furnishings, 240 Northamp-
ton.

H. M. Arkin, People's Clothing Co., 149-151
Northampton.

J. P. Sandt, Druggist, 530 Northampton.

F. Vollmer, ResUurant, 30 S. Third.
A. Carpenter, Dry Goods, Globe Store.

F. J. Sirgfried. City Baker, 540 Northampton.
Easton Hospital.

Savercool & Wright, Real Estate, Room 0 Prom-
pred Building.

E. Fuhner, Jeweler, Northampton.
Kuebler Brewing Co.

Hartzel & Smith, Cemetery Work, Front and
Spring.

H. H. Bennett, Hardware, 117 Northampton.

A. E. Rice, Restaurant, 136 Northampton.

W. n. Schug, Grocer, Fourth and Pine.

Smith & Sons, Jewelers, 310 Northampton.

J. S. Osterstock, Hardware, 22 Center Square.

S. L. Jones, Business School, Center Square.

Goldsmith & Bros., Gents* Furnishings, 222
Northampton.

Kline Bros., Dry Goods, Men's and Ladies*
Wear, 208-210 Northampton.

I. Cohen, Ladies' & Gents' Furnishing Goods,
151-159 Northampton.

J. P. Folk, American Hotel, Third and Lehigh.

Ralph Bros., Furniture, 234-238 S. Third.

W. Walaskey, Valley Hotel, South Side.

S. Butz, Shirt Maker, 339 Northampton.

F. W. Stewart, Real Estate and Insurance.
Dr. H. Lichty, Eye Specialist.

Free Press, Paper and Job Printing.

Peter Raub, Lafayette Cafe, Bank and Pine.

T. Hay, Shoe Store, Northampton.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Grand Union Tea Co., 408 Northampton.

E. L. Knauss & Son, Merchant Tailors, 416
Northampton.

Weaver's Drug Store, Northampton.

J. F. McLeod Loan Co., 204 First National
Bank Building.

Tytas E. Swan, Physician for Eye and Throat,
808 Northampton.

Lawall & Sons, Wholesale and Retail Druggists,
431 Northampton.

Clinton Milliard, Lumber and Ice, 814 N. Third.

J. G. Henzelraan, Meat Dealer, 723 Wood ave.

D. M. Hawke, Dentist, Northampton.
BETHLEHEM, PA.

J. Harry Morgan, Clerk of Quarter Session.
FRESNO, CAL.

Received from C. M. Gorman, Lodge No. 420:

Ben Epstein, Merchant.

Herman, The Tailor. 1046 J.

McAfee & Hickman, Clothing Store, 1027 J.

H. P. Black, Cafe, corner K and Fresno.
SAN ANTONIO, TEX.

Received from M. J. Garvey, Lodge No. 62:

C. Horan fit Co., Grocers, Austin and Duval sts.

Fred Stucke, Groceries, 401 E. Commerce st.
ASHEVILLE, N. C.

Received from W. B. Sorrell, Lodge No. 603:

Heston Sons.

Beaumont Furniture Co.

Lee Bryant Co.

Alexander, Coston & Glass, 48 Patton ave.

Brown Undertaking Co.« 60 Patton avenue.

W. H. Randolph, Asheville Club.

Noland*s Grocery, Pack square.

Dr. J. M. Mann, Box 286.

EAGLE GROVE, IOWA.

Received from Thomas Roach, Lodge No. 138:

R. O. Packman, Dry Goods and Groceries.

Dr. W. C. McGrath.

Atwood, Fort & Baker.

Citizens State Bank.

Security Savings Bank.

C. W. Chapman Lumber Co.

Nye, Schneider, Fowler Co., Lumber, Coal,
Wood, etc.

Charles Elliott, Tailor.

H. D. Gark)ck, Candidate 4th Ward, Alderman.

J. W. Henneburg, Candidate for Mayor.

J. H. McKinney, C. & N. W. Frt. Yd. Lunch
Room.

Parker & OToole.

BUFFALO, N. Y.

Received from A. A. Van Houten, Lodge No.
187:

C. E. Anthony, Druggist, 884 Seneca street

The £mmett Cafe, 632 West street.

Lafayette Theatre, Lafayette Square.

Cahoon Lyon, Druggist, 630 Main street.

Glasgow Woolen Mills Co., 259 Main street

National Casket Co., 123 Franklin street.

Elmlawn Cemetery, 44 W. Eagle street

Hotel Broezel.

Arlington Hotel, Exchange street

National Hotel, 58 Exchange street

W. T. Zink. West Side Furniture Store, 844
Connecticut.

Klcinhans Clothing Co., Main street

Failing Optical Co., 485 Main.
J. Dold Packing Co., 746 William.
G. Opperman, Importer of Wines and Liquors,
608 Main.
Wilson & Sullivan, 60 Court street
The Hofbrau Cafe, 199 Pearl.
German American Brewing Co, 959 Main.
J. D. Davis, Dry Goods, W. Ferry and Grant

TOLEDO, O.
Received from I. R. Innes, Lodge No. 612:
J. F. Streicher, BooU and Shoes, 106 Main.
Johnson Bros. Furniture Co.., 224-226 Summit

MARSHALL, TEX.
Received from J. A. Tyler, Lodge No. 666:
McPhail Hardware Co., West Side Square.
Coleman Co., 218 No. Boliver.

CHICKASHA, IND. TER.
Received from D. A. Anderson, Lodge No. 168:
The Hub Clothing Co., Gents Furnishings.
J. A. Darnell, Tonsorial Parlors.
Snodgrass & McClelland, Billiard Parlors.
Sixty-Six.
Owl Drug Store.

Williams & Crose, DenUl Parlors.
Kendall Calloway, Big Furniture Store.
Chickasha National Bank.

OAKLAND, CAL.
Received from Geo. B. McClcllan, Lodge No. 71:

A. E. Berry, Mgr. Regal Shoe Co., 22 San
Pabla avenue.

J. Seulberger, Florist, 414 14th street.

E. A. Holman, B. R. T. Attorney, Bacon Bk)ck.
Keller & Fitzgerald, Hatters, 1001 Broadway.
Dr. G. G. Reinle, B. R. T. Medical Examiner,

McDonough Bldg.
Jas. Taylor, Undertaker, 16th and Jefferson.

TEXAS.
Received from Jno. Appleby, Lodge No. .869:

SAN MARCOS.
Southern Grocery Co.

SAN ANTONIO.
Jas. Kapp, Household Furnishings, 216 W.
Commerce.

Shelly Undertaking Co., 604 Delerosa.
West End Lumber Co., Salado and Leal.
Carter & Lewis, Attorneys, 228 W. Comnjerce.

MOUNTAIN TOP, PA.
Received from J. F. Finegan, Lodge No. 442:
Rev. C. E. Jerrey.

PITCAIRN, PA.
Received from S. N. Brown, Lodge No. 489:
M. Mclndoe, Glass, Painter and Paper Hanger.

BAIRD, TEX.
Received from J. H. Churchill, Lodge No. 427:

F. Watts, Barber.

J. C. Jones, The Grocery Man.
Austin & Gray, Hardware.

B. L. Boydstum. Dry Goods.
Dr. C. V. Bonar.

MARSHALL, TEX.
Received from R. Edmondson, Lodge No. 666:
Genocshio Hotel, G. J. Signaigo, Prop.

VANCOUVER, B. C.
Received from J. H. White, Lodge No. 144:

G. F. Booth, Ellesmere Hotel, Homc^ Court

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375

KENTVILLE, N. S.
Received from Addy G. Nichol«, Lodge No. 72S:

B. H. Dodge» General Groceries.
W. E. Porter. Chinawarc.

COULEE CITY, WASH.
ReceiTcd from Gilbert Goodwin, Lodge No. 307:
T. V. Kincaid, Hotel Coulee.
Guy T. Walter, Real Estate.

BALTIMORE, MD.
Received from H. E. Eaton, Lodge No. 124:
M. T. McLaughlin, Restaurant, 1906 Oak.
Frank O'Neil, Restaurant, 1901 Oik.

SAPULPA, IND. TER.
Received from C. B. Hale, Lodge No. 619:
Union Hardware Co.
American National Bank.
Fisher Dry Goods Co.

OKLAHOMA.
GRANITE.
L. C. McMurry, Barber Shop.

GRANITE.
J. B. Norman, Druggist.

EL RENO.
- H. B. Wiley. Barber Shop.

Hamskey & Yoist, Barber Shop, 218 So. Rock
Island avenue.

J. B. Kerrick. Funeral Director and Picture
Framing, 209 So. Rock Island avenue.

T. A. x'artwood, Flour, Feed and Groceries,
724 Miles.

MAGNUM.

C. H. Eagin, Attorney-at-Law.

MT. CARMEL, ILL.
Received from John Copcland, Lodge No. 181:
V. S. Tanquary, Jewelry.
Bosecker & Wirth, Clothiers.

PITTSBURG, KANS.
Received from N. A. Gill. Lodge No. 107:
J. W. Anderson, Meat Market. 606 E 7th.

ATCHISON. KANS.
Received from J. H. Dowell, Lodge No. 434:
J. A. Blunt. Union Hotel.

NEWPORT, VT.
Received from W. J. McCaffrey. Lodge No. 830:
C. S. Gould, Physical Culture Magazines.

NEW YORK.
Received from Wm. Borler, Lodge No. 666:

GLENMONT.
Peter Gise, Milk.
Geo. Parr, Abbey Hotel.

ALBANY.
Albert Marks. Merchant Tailor, 309 So. Pearl.
George Linden. Cafe, 23 Alexander.
Van Slyke & Horton, c o M. T. Gorman, To-
bacco and Cigars, 471 Broadway.

A. J. Albright, Barber, 376 So. Pearl.

E. J. Digman, Insurance. 28 Ten Broek Place.

CATSKILL.
R. J. Stahl, Gents Furnishings, 340 Main.
Jos. Hoy, Cafe, 877 Main.

BOSTON. MASS.
Received from E. C. Monahan, Lodge No. 97:
Chas. T. Jenkins, Jeweler, Room 270 A. So.
Terminal.

LIVINGSTON, MONT.
Received from Chas. A. Fowler, Lodge No. 296:
June McCracken, Dry Goods and Gents Fur-
nishers.
Vogt Liquor Co.

D. J. Smith, Prop, Montana Saloon.
Gallmyer & Mlekush, Wines and Liquors.
Thos. Heath, Little Club Saloon.
Mlekush & Yarendt, German Beer Hall.
Stanley & Napoli, Amerkan Beer Hall.
M. J. Johnson, Wines and Liqtx>rs.

I. Roth, Headquarters Saloon.

Frank Rodder, Boots and Shoes.

W. Grabon, Trivoli Saloon.

Penny & Tate, Barbers.

A. Zelazney. Cigars and Tobacco.

A. Van Brocklin, Barber, 111 No. Main.

Geo. Mackey, Barber, cor. Park and Main.

Valberdine Bros., Barbers.

A. Armstrong, Elite Hotel.

CLINTON, IOWA.
Received from Harry >yallace. Lodge No. 183:
Namamy & Nelson Clothing Co., 620 2nd street.

GALION, OHIO.
Received from Carl Mona^ Lodge No. 86:
C. E. Schaad, Shoe Dealer, E. Main.
Dan Trostal, Cigar Store, So. Market.

CALIFORNIA.

Received from J. A. Norman, Lodge No. 743:

LOOMIS.

E. L. Rlpey, Gen. Fruit Agent.

ROCKLIN.
A. Maston, First Qass Liquor House.
L. E. Jodian, First Class Barber Shop.

TRUCKEE.
P. Franzini, Fountain Saloon.
R. F. Ferguson, Receptk>n Saloon.

E. J. Campbell, Barrel House.

DONNER.
T. E. ColUns Lake View Block House.

W. BAY CITY. MICH.
Received from C O. Gunn, Lodge No. 147:
Thomas Walsh, The Fair.

A. T. Swart, M. C. R. R. Watch Inspector,
116 S. Line.

Price & Rosenthal, The Hub, Men's Outfitters,
718 Midland.

Foley & Dayton, Drug Store, 819 Marquette.

YOAKUM, TEX.
Received from R. B. Jones, Lodge No. 899:
A. E. Boyd, Physician.
J. E. Lander. Banker.
J. S. Youngkin, Physician.
W. Lander, Livery Suble.
J. F. Montgomery, Agt. New York Life.
C. W. Richmond, Copper Smith.

TEXAS.
Received from L. P. Maynard, Lodge No. 868:

PALESTINE.
Allen & Bowdon. Pool Hall, Main.
G. W. Harris. I. & G. N. Lunch Room.

F. W. Alexander, Billiards, Main.
J. B. Huff, Tailor, Spring.

W. L. Welboen & Son, Main.

Hodges Dry Goods Co.. Oak and Palmer.

A. C. Opperman, The Magnop^^

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

E. E. Walker, Barber, Spring street

J. J. Murphy, The Ruby, Spring street.

Jas. A. Redwine, Restaurant, Spring street

T. W. Trelford, Job Printing, Main street

Fred Neuberger, Meat Market, Main street
HOUSTON.

G. W. Harris. I. & G. N. Lunch Room.
TEAGUE.

Home Realty Co., Real EsUte.

Jno. R. Crittenden, Teague Drug Co.

J. H. King. Grocer.

Freestone Lumber Co.

Teague Paint Co.

S. T. Howard, Real Estate, Loans and Insur-
ance.

Drs. Harrison & Sneed, Physicians and Sur-
geons.

THAYER, MO.

Received from J. A. Beck, Lodge No. 208:

H. Croom, Grocery.

W. B. Skaggs, Barber.

Santoff & Taber, Shoes.

GEORGIA.

Received from J. W. Boxx, Lodge No. 648:
BLYTHE.

Dr. J. B. Barwick.

AUGUSTA.

A. L. Somers, Liquor Dealer, 420 Campbell.

Ramsey-Trowbridge-Smith Co., Hardware, Wa-
gons, Harness, etc., 847 Broad.

Lyon & Kelly, Bicycles, Harness and Saddlery,
817 Broadway.

Geo. E. Payne & Co., Liquors and Cigars, 1110
Broad.

Burdell Tobacco Co., 420 Green.

The J. Willie Levy Co., Clothing, 866 Broad.

COLUMBUS. OHIO.

Received from H. F. Marsh, Lodge No. 628:
Walkover Shoe Co., No. High street
Hegelheimer & Son, Tailors, 879 So. High st
Gust Hessenaur, Jeweler, 405 S. High stret
Central Market Drug Store, cor. 4 th and Town.
Frohock Furniture Co.« 260 So. 4th.
Herpick Drug Store, cor. 4th and Main.
L, Seidensticker, Dry Goods and Gents Fur-
nishings, 529 So. 8rd.

C. W. Goebel, Drugs, S. E. cor. Long and 4th.
Gust Maier, Dry Goods and Carpets, 167 E.

Main.

M. Altmier, Shoe Man. 147 E. Main.

J. F. Jones, Groceries and Meats, 129-181 W.
Mound.

J. Kelso, Drugs, 246 W. State.

W. H. Kreis, Groceries. 245 W. State.

D. Buckley, Groceries and Meats« 576 W. Broad.
Climax Clothing & Shoe Co., 1084 Mt. Vernon.
C. R. Parish, Furniture, Carpets and Stoves,

No. High.

C. A. Bond & Co., Clothing and Furnishings,
260 High.

C. Shauk, Oil and Gasoline, Eggs and Butter,
186 E. Gay.

Augustus & Oats, Tailors, 12 E. Spring.

Krouse & Co., Jewelers and Opticians, 232 No.
High.

COLLINWOOD, OHIO.
Received from E. R. Funk, Lodge No, 140:
F. J. Sheppard. Groceries and Meats, 176
CoUamer.
J. Schwartz, Shoe Store, Collamer street
H. Blumenthal, Gen'l. Mdse., Collamer street
P. D. Myers, Dry Goods, Collamer street
F. Voth, Dry Goods, Collamer street.
F. Noble, Barber Shop, and Baths, Gunn Block.

BUFFALO, N. Y.
Received from A. B. Harkins, Lodge No. 187:
Geo. D. Hale, The Hale Decorators, 188 Elm-
wood avenue.
M. J. Downey, Physician, 852 Seneca.

AVOCA, PA.
Received from W. M. Howell. Lodge No. 882:
John Nealis, Hotel. Main street

MINDEN, LA.
Received from H. G. Fry, Lodge No. 49:
Hough & Sullivan, Meat Market
Dr. L. Lonongino, Physician and Surgeon.
J. I. Allen & Son, General Merchandise.
Burnett, Wren & Turner, General Merchandise.
R. H. Miller, Banker.
Taylor & Winn, General Merchandise.
J. M. Miller & Co., General Merchandise.
Amber & Tort. Gents' Furnishings.
J. C. T. Chaffee, Druggist
Lowe Bros., General Merchandise.

LONDON. ONT.
Received from Chas. Vcech, Lodge No. 416:
Dr. W. A. Thomas, 753 Richmond.
Dr. J. A. Wright, 442 Adelaide.
POINT BURWELL.
R. B. Moulton, American HoteL

MINNESOTA.
•Received from C. W. Straub, Lodge No. 612:

OLIVIA.
John Leperska, City Dray Line.
M. B. Childs, Olivia Review,
C. E. Johnson, Farmers Elevator Co.
C. C. Ployhart, Columbia Elevator Co.
W. Windhorst Elevator Co.
H. H. Numburg & Co., Lumber and Fuel.
G. Warner, Miller Elevator Co.
John Reidner, Hamm Brewing Co.

DANUBE.
H. Hoist. City Dray Line.
Mrs. P. H. Fabel, Union Hotel.
GRANITE FALLS.

C. E. Tcxtor. Interior Lumber Co.
O. M. Johnson, Gund Brewing Co.

MONTEVIDEO.
Iver Larsen« General Merchandise.
E. A. Erickson, Little Gem Cafe.
Dunbrock & Brown. Grocers.
Nelson Hardware Co.

J. T. Eaton, The Palace, Wines and Cigars.
C. A. Sherda, Jeweler and Optician, C. M. ^
St. P. Watch Inspector.
Graves Bros., General Merchandise.

HECTOR.
A. E. De Long, Bagley Elevator Co.
Stearns Lumber Co., Lumber and Fuel.
C. F. Schoen. Victoria Elevator p©^
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

377

BUFFALO LAKE.
L. PreussCf Monarch Elevator Co.
John Ruschf Crown Elevator Co.
O. E. Anderson, McGregor Bros., & Co., Lum-
ber and Fuel.

P. E. Schoenman, Reliance Elevator Co.

BROWNTON.
Robert Zander, Monarch Elevator Co.
N. Tadsen, Exchange Grain Co.

LINDSTROM.
John Smith. Ice Contractor.
GLENCOE.
J. H. Kennedy Milling Co., Merchant Millers.
C. C. Krigcr, City Dray Line and Feed Store.
W. W. Merrill Glove Co.

STEWART.

E. E. Swan, Monarch Elevator Co.

Fored Dorenamell, Denhart & Alguire Elevator
Co.

F. A. Hatton, Liquors and Cigars.

L. S. Richards, Meats and Bakers Supplies.
A. H. Ahlbrect, Furniture and Undertaking.

RENVILLE.
Fred Oelschlager, Liquors and Cigars.
A. R. Holmberg, Fanners Elevator Co.
Oleson Bros., General Merchandise.
John Moen. Monarch Elevator Co.
McGregor Bros. & Co., Lumber and Fuel.
A. Henning, Crown Elevator Co.
O. A. Edmond, Golden Rule Gent Mdse.
S. P. Kelley. Palace Cafe.
Rosb & Grasser, Restaurant.
A. F. Liestikow, Wines, Liquors and Cigars.

NORWOOD.
Berry Bros. Milling Co., Merchant Millers.
A E. Stalke, Central Lumber Co.

CHANHASSEN.

Peter Loeser & Son, Gen*l. Mdse. and Meats.

PLATO.

G. Bergman, Miller Elevator Co.

SACRED HEART.
O. Jordet, Central Lumber Co.

BATTLE CREEK, MICH.
J. W. Blacklock, c o Nichols-Shepard Threshing
Machine Co.

PHILLIPSBURG, N. J.
Received from J. M. Lentz, Lodge No. 127:
M. Kingfield, Boots and Shoes, 121 So. Main.

SHERMAN. TEX.
Received from Mrs. Joe East:
G. E. Wilson & Son, 222 No. Branch.
J. D. Haizlip, Attorney, 665 S. Crockett.
J. B. Shaw, Dry Goods, 683 So. Walnut
Yates & Miller, 123 No. Travis.
Muchert & Cook, Jewelers, 108 No. Travis.

GRAND JUNCTION, COLO.
Received from Wm. F. Schultz, Lodge No. 849:
Ernest H. Jepson, Prop. White Front Barber
Shop, 420 E. Main.

SPRINGFIELD, MO.
Received from L. A. Schuller, Lodge No. 167:
Reed & Smith, 214 E. Commercial.
JUNCTION CITY, ORE.
Received from L. C. Johnson, Lodge No. 814:
Chas. L. Baker, Junction City Hotel.

PORT ARTHUR, ONT.
Received from W. H. Foster, Lodge No. 026:
A. Ross, Jeweler, Cumberland street.
Jos. Sagadore Billiards and Pool, Cumberland.
Jas. Stewart, Grocer, Cumberland street.
A. Hodgins, Tobacco and Pool Room, Arthur.
H. A. Raney, Druggist, Arthur street.

ONTARIO.
Received from T. J. Curran, Lodge No. 255:

TORONTO JCT.
W. Rowntree & Co., Grocers, 87 Dundas.
Robinson Bros., Bakery and Confectionery, 21
Dundas.

R. R. Hopkins, Physician and Surgeon.
S. W. Hopper, Wood Turner, 17 Midland.
H. Perfect, Physician.
Lumen Brewing Co.

HAVELOCK.
H. E. Barrett & Co., General Merchants.

C. Holcomb, Livery.

TORONTO.

D. Murphy, Wines and Liquors, 60 Esther.

D. C. Harrison. St. Denis Hotel, 624 Queen.
N. J. Bourdon, Hatter and Furrier, 492 Queen.
J. J. Kelly, Tailor and Genu Furnisher, 4ao

Queen.

G. Chamberlain, Merchant Tailor, 442 Que«*n.
W. K. Murphy, Undertaker, 286 Dunn avenue.

E. J. Humphrey, Funeral Director, 407 Queen.
Smith & Co., Union Tailors, 286 Queen.

J. H. Simpson, Wines and Liquors, 8 McCaul.

Ward Bros., Merchant Tailors, 662 Queen.
COVINGTON, KY.

Received from G. A. Morgan, Lodge No. 345:

Wm. R. Carroll, Saloon, 13th and RusselL

W. J. Hornhorst, Cafe, 10 Pike.

Chas. Streibig, Sak>on, 76 Pike.

C. H. Siddles, Saloon, 98 Pike.

C. G. Higgins, Cafe, 85 Pike.

Allison & Yates, Funeral Directors and Em*
balmers, N. E. cor. Pike and Russell.

Gus W. Menninger, Undertaker and Fimeral
Director, 66-68 Pike.

Wm. E. Eagan, Cafe, 506 Madison avenue.

L. C. Lemkers, Cafe, 614 Madison avenue.

C. A. Dibowski, Odd Fellows Exc'ge. 12 E. 5th.

Gross & Stephens, Clothing and Men's Fur-
nishings, 718 Madison avenue.

J. D. Haake, Saloon, 801 Madison avenue.

Louis Hagidom, Ladies and Gents Furnishing
Goods, 1434 Madison avenue.

G. and G. Cafe, 6 Pike.

Hilhnon Lumber Co., 165 W. 12th.

Geo. J. Dickman, Merchant Tailor, 267 W. 14th.

Jno. D. Buckaway. Saloon, 871 W. 12th.

The Bavarian Brewing Co., 367 Pike.

Chas. A. Vondcrschmitt, Cafe, 189 Pike.

T. F. ilengehold. Merchant Tailor, 125-127 Pike.

The Cincinnati Grain Co., 63-65 Pike.

The Consumers Ice Co., 8th and C. & O. Ry.

Thos. Conry, Saloon, 84 Pike.

Mat J. Crolley, Job Printing, 6th and Madison.

Louis Marx & Bros., House Furnishing Goods,
6th and Madison avenues.

Dines Furniture House, Furniture, Carpets and
Stoves, 580-632 Madison avenue.

H. F. Blase, Makers of Men's Fine Clothes,
684 Madison avenue.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

B. F. Graziani, Attorney-at-Law, 608 Madison.
G. F. Bougbner, Attorney-at-Law. 818 Greer.
Geo. E. Philipps, City Attorney, Room 10

Court House.

Richard G. Williams, Attorney, Room 8, Boone
Block.

Donnelly Bros., 8th and Madison avenue.
DETROIT. MICH.

Received from R. E. Morgan. Lodge No. 030:

J. D. Bums, Sheriff.

J. J. Ertell, Emerson Shoe Co.

The Good Luck, Gents Furnishings, Farmer st.

J. & T. Hurley Coal Co., Gratiot & Dequindie.

Jno. Kraft Coal Co., Division & Dequindie.

W. S. Piggins & Son., Leland and Dequindie.

Wetzel & Ergenbrodt Coal Co., 277 Grandy.

C. M. Thorpe, 497 Forest avenue.

A. W. Brooks, Printer, 59 Monroe avenue.
Wendtjozefeak Coal Co., Willis & Dequindie.
J. Brutmeyers & Sons, Miami and Gratiot ave.
J. W. Bucher, Cafe and Bar., 640 Gratiot ave.
R. L. Burton, Restaurant, 494 Clay avenue.
Schillinger Bros., Contractors, 804 Illinois ave.

BRANDON, MAN.
Received from T. Hanwell, Lodge No. 394:
T. B. Andrews, Home of Good Clothing.
Nash & Lott, BooU and Shoes.

MOOSE JAW, SASK.
Robinson & Co., Dry Goods.
Mitchell & Hembroof, Gents Furnishings.
C. C. Mathews, Maple Leaf HoteL

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
Received from C. M. Dunnavan, Lodge No. 874:
C. Schaller, Druggist, 2422 Station.

F. Roesch, Wines, Liquors and Cigars, 2402
Sution.

Sandy Bros., Cigars and Tobacco, 44 Jackson.
H. Hagerhorst, Cigars & Tobacco, Oneida Hotel.
N. J. Colon, Wines and Liquors, 220 McRea.
T. H. Secrist. Sherman House.

TEXARKANA. ARK.
Received from H. E. Prior. Lodge No. 248:

G. W. Treher, Groceries, 211 E. Broad.

TEXARKANA, TEX.
Cosmopolitan Hotel.
S. Milazzo. Cafe, 110 Broad.

E. C. East, Undertaker, 218 Vine.

ENID, OKLA.
Received from F. W. Morcy, Lodge No. 050:
P. A. Fagan, Groceries and Meat.
M. L. Lang, Cigars and Tobacco.
W. H. Dolan« Midway Bar.
W. T. Overton, Groceries.
J. L. Bruce. Gents* Furnishings.
Eagle Saloon.
Mibergen & Godschalk, Clothing.

F. Hildenbrand. Phoenix Bar.
Watrus Drug Co.

C. M. Byerley, Groceries.
W. C. Pfoeffle, Jeweler.
Parker Book Store.

TEMPLE, TEX.
Received from T. J. Stowers. Lodge No. 200:
Cooper Grocery Co.

Talley Bros., Wholesale Fruit and Produce.
Pat Vick, Saloon.

CALGARY, ALBERTA.
Received from W. E. Evans, Lodge No. 003:
The John E. Irvine Co., Real Esute and Insur-
ance, McDougall Block.

EL PASO, TEX.
Received from L. W. MuUer, Lodge No. 80:
Dr. O. M. Wright. MilU Building.

TEXAS.
Received from Jas. F. Davis, Lodge No. 710:

WACO.
G. F. McCowen, Farmer, R. F. D. No. 7.

PERRY.
W. H. Smith, Groceries and Drugs.

PIEDMONT, MO.
Received from J. W. Bemer, Lodge No. 099:
Sidles & Co., General Merchandise.
C. T. Malugen, Shoes and Men's Furnishings.

PHILADELPHLA, PA.
Received from E. Percy Griffin, Lodge No. 611:
J. B. Roberts, Wines and Liquors, northwest
corner Sixteenth and Filbert.

BALTIMORE, MD.
Received from B. F. Condon, Lodge No. 447:
C. Wettigs, Cafe, 210 E. Randall.

LOUISVILLE, KY.
Received from H. A. Carfield, Lodge No. 150:
E. Schlachter, Groceries and Meats, 1470 Story
avenue.

C. Stoecker & Son, Tanners, 1037 Story avenue.
E. J. Dalton, Cafe. 201 E. Main.
Rehm, Zeiher & Co., Wholesale Liquor Dealers,
260 E. Main.

J. J. Mueller, Tailor, 705 E, Market.

Otto Bader, Druggist, 900 Frankfort avenue.

SO. I-RAMINGHAM, MASS.
Received from Geo. B. Herrick, Lodge No. 280:
C. F. Thayer, Druggist, 16 Irving Square.
A. S. Trowbridge, Shoe Dealer, 19 Irving Sq.
Geo. E. Fowler, Shoe Dealer, Irving Square.
Canning Bros., Shoe Dealers, Kendall Block.
Geo. W. Drury, Dry Goods, Irving Square.
W. B. Mahem, Druggist, 139 Waverly.
Travis & Cunningham, Druggists, 38 Concord.
Robbins & Rice, Druggists, 30 Concord.

ASHTABULA, OHIO.
Received from R. M. Lomax, Lodge No. 84:
J. E. Baylis, Photographer, 50 Center.
Fred A. Williams, Insurance, 205 Main.
J. l^. Smith, Real Esttfte and Loans, Main.
J. O. Myers, Restaurant, 26 and 27 Center.
R. H. Pfatf, Mayor.

ASHTABULA HARBOR.
C. R. Stahre, Groceries, Lake and Hubbard.

CEDAR RAPIDS^ lA.
Received from H. M. Clark. Lodge No. 60:
Drs. Johnson and King, Granby Building.
Dr. H. W. Bender, Kimball Building.
Cedar Rapids Savings Bank.
Fidelity Trust and Savings Bank.
E. H. Crocker, Attorney.

Irving Greer, Watches and Jewelry, 108 S.
Third.

R. W. Yourex, College Inn, First avenue.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

379

FAIRMONT, W. VA.
Received from O. C. Willis, Lodge No. 696:
G. S. Lautz, Grocery, 430 Main.
E. C Jones, Department Store.
Homer Hall, Druggist, Main street.
J. E. Shinn, Druggist, Main street.
J. R. Smouse, General Merchant, 619 Market.
J. H. Bckles, General Merchant, 832 Maple ave.
S. E. Jenkins, Barber, 106 Water.

MONTICELLO, MAINE.
Received from Mrs. J. A. Henderson:
N. G. Alterton, Farmer.

DEBEC JUNCTION, N. B.
Howard Henderson, Farmer.

COUNCIL BLUFFS. IOWA.
Received from George R. Heath, Lodge No.
620:

Council Bluffs Coal & Ice Co., Broadway and
9th.

B. M. Sargent, Boots and Shoes, 413 Broadway.
E. H. Leffert, Jeweler, 618 ftth avenue.

C. A. Burright, Wines and Liquors, 1511 S.
Main.

R. E. Anderson, Druggist, 830 W. Broadway.

NOTICE OF GRAND DUES ASSESSMENT No. 106
MAY, 1907. TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.

Grand Lodgeof the Brotherhood of Eailroad Trainmen

OFFICE OF GRAND SECRETARY AND TREASURER.

TO SUBORDINATE LODGES: Clbvbland. Ohio. Apkil 1. 1907

Dbak Sirs and Bkothbks: You are hereby notified that the amount of Twenty-Five
Centa for Grand Dues Assessment No. 106. for the month of May. 1907. is due
from each and every member, and must be paid to the Financier before the first day of
May. 1907. A member failing to make payment as herein required shall be-
come expelled without notice or action. See Section 128. Constitution Subordinate
Lodfes.

The Financier Is required to forward said Assessment to the Grand Lodge before
May 5. 1907. for each member on the roll, and
for members admitted or readmitted during the month of ^

May the Financier roust send this Assessment with ^#^-^L^^

:tlon 105, Constitution r^V^^^^ -' ■ m-

the report of admission as per Section
Subordinate Lodges.

Fraternally yours.

«MM9sanMr4-n

STATEMENT OF CLAIMS PAID DURING THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY, 1907

CLAIM. NAMB. LODGB.

11887 E. M. LaFever 136

12066 Wm. Sims 838

12847 Lee Dolan 599

12372 Ray Tolson 166

12876 F. A. McClaren 152

12876 Watson J. Stevens ....332

12877 P. J. Oomcs 738

12878 D. E. McCloud 43

12879 Geo. Edinger 86

12880 Jno. G. Parker 147

12881 Frank Mackal 128

12882 G. E. Soudreit 165

12888 N. A. T. Wingate ....486

12884 J. P. George 124

12886 C. A. Douglas 280

12886 W. C Neal 821

12887 R. G. King 846

12888 Wm. Aiken 26

12889 Fred G. Jones 288

12890 C. W. Christian 488

18891 W. S. Morrison 669

12892 W. Rupert 64

12898 W. S. Miller 174

12894 E. S. Porter 174

12896 T. E. Meadows 282

11896 J. W. Mclntyre 477

12897 D. D. Deadmore 474

12898 G. D. Neeley 419

12899 P. J. Schuler 456

12401 A. N. Bailcv 288

12402 J. G. McAdam 214

12404 W. t. Fields 454

12405 R. D. Layng 84

12406 H. Torgcon 509

12407 E. P. L. Stewart 571

12408 J. O. Pave 148

12409 C. E. Tcnney 88

12410 Thos. F. Kelly 168

18412 Geo. McCarthy 227

12414 fis. Conley 577

12415 P. P. Aylmcr 587

1M1« W. 3. §tQn« 188

PAID TO. ADDRBSS. AMOUNT.

Dclu M. LaFever, Ft. Wayne, Ind. |1,350.00

Ann Sims, Elgin, Scotland; Fannie Sims, So.

Norwalk. Conn 1,850.00

Sarah A. Dolan. Thurmond, W. Va. 1.350.00

Mrs. E. P. Del* ever, EI Paso, Tex 1,850.00

F. A. McClaren, Oskaloosa, la. 1,350.00

Eleanor H. Stevens, Bismarck. N. D 1,850.00

Mag^e Glomes. Madison. Wis 500.00

Lizzie M. McCloud, Sunbury. Pa. 1,850.00

Henrietta Edinger, Easton, Pa. 1,850.00

Gertrude Parker, Bay City, Mich 1,360.00

Frank Mackal, Milwaukee, Wis. 1,360.00

Cora L. Soudreit, Flora, 111 1,350.00

Mary Ellen Wingate, West Newton, Mass 1,360.00

Elizabeth George, Baltimore, Md 1.350.00

Mary E. Douglas, Syracuse, N. Y 1,350.00

Mary M. Neal, McKees Rocks, Pa 1.360.00

Lula King, Covington, Ky 1,350.00

Emma F. Aiken, Burlington, la 1 ,350.00

Chas. L. Young, Gdn.. Springfield, Mass 1.360.00

Fannie A. Christian, Clifton Forge, Va. 1,360.00

Odelia Morrison. Duluth, Minn 1,350.00

Tonie Rupert, Springfield, Mo 1 ,000.00

Esther A. Miller, Aitoona, Pa. 1,860.00

E. S. Porter, Port Royal, Pa 1,850.00

Isabelle F. Meadows, Foss. W. Va. 1,850.00

Ellen M. Merrigan, Maryville, Mo 500.00

Maggie C. Deadmore, Joliet, 111 1,850.00

Annie Belle Neeley. Ft. William, Ont 1,360.00

Margaret Schuler, Chicago, 111 1,850.00

Lenora M. Bailey. Manning, la 1,850.00

Augustine V. McAdam, New Orleans, La. .... 1 ,850.00

Mary E. Fields, Advance, Ky 1,000.00

R. D. Lavng, Toronto, Ont 1.350.00

Narcice Turgcon, Quebec, Que 1.350.00

Laura A. Stewart, Carnegie, Pa 1,350.00

Annette Page, Pittsburg, Kas 500.00

Mary E. Tenney, Gorham. N. H 1,350.00

Katie Kelly, New York. N. Y 1,360.00

Ida McCarthy, Samia Tunnel, Ont 1.350.00

Mary A. Conley, Millvale. Pa 1.350.00

Mary Aylmer, Philadelphia. Pa 500.00

AkxW S^ne, Sa^naw, Might ,,.,,...•**••• Itp5^.00

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STATEMENT OF CLAIMS PAID DURING THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY. 1907-Goii.

CLAIM
12417
12418
12419
12420
12421
12422
12428
12424
12425
12426
12427
12428
12429
12480
12431
12432
12438
12434
12485
12436
12437
12488
12489
12440
12441
12442
12448
12444
12445
12446
12447

12448
12449
12450
12451
12458
12458
12454
12455
12456
12467
12458
12459
12460
12461
12462
12468
12464
12465
12466
12467
12468
12470
12471
12478
12474
12475
12476
12477

NAMB. LODGE.

H. W. Brownlee 521

J. K. Scott 138

K. H. Force 695

J. W. Taylor 651

W. B. Stevenson 668

Ira Fisher 742

S. J. Foster 282

B. G. Voight 446

G. L. Phillips 449

lid

.356
. 99
.456
.480
.424
. 63
. 86
. 68
55

C. O. Gr

Peter H

C. W. It

A. E. W

Frank C

W. H. I 1

Frank T 1

F. W. h

W. E. Haynes

Maurice Sullivan 148

Frank H. Lasher 164

C. S. Ammerman 174

R. F. Sickles 202

F. V. Sweet 265

Wm. Kuhlwind 883

R. Edgerly 587

W. H. Hudson 720

L. P. Engleheart 688

W. D. Malacr 181

Byron Buckles 477

C. E. Moore 658

Martin Naughton 571

Chas. Lehman 177

C. A. Miller 516

C. E. Harris 238

W. A. Leahv 238

M. L. Coombs 807

G. P. Barber 418

P. D. Smith 446

F. B. Kolb 458

H. H. Wilhelm 484

W. M. Stewart 598

J. F. Potts 456

Thos. Whitby 752

Tag. Keenan 836

J. J. Bums 258

J. D. Workman 538

Stephen J. Meany 787

W. J. Tones 201

T. E. McGarry 686

Abraham Ayotte 10

J. C. Hough 18

T. H. Croughan 88

Chas. Halberg 78

Wm. Twining 257

F. F. Gibbons 321

C. F. Dudderar 215

W. F. Vickery 215

Richard Turnbach ....541
H. M. Glen 244

PAID TO. ADDRESS. AMOUNT.

Grace T. Brownlee, . Youngstown, 0 1,350.00

Benj. Thompson. Att'y in Fact, Eagle Grove, la. 1,350.00

Frances Force, Mayday, Ga 1,000.00

Arch D. Taylor, Mintonville, Ky 600.00

Maffgie Stevenson, Tilbury, Unt 1,850.00

isabelle Fisher. Blairsviile, Pa 1,850.00

S. J. Foster, Wausau, Wis 1,850.00

Rosa A. Voight, Denver^ Col 1,350.00

Jessie B. Phillips, ArgenU, Ark 1,850.00

Eva E. Gallagher, Wichita, Kas. 1,850.00

Olga Halke, Jersey City, N. J 1,850.00

Lula B. Mitchell, Brodhead, Wis. 1,000.00

Marie McGillis McDonald, Watertown, N. Y.. 1,350.00

Emma W. Keller, Chica^, 111 1,850.00

Melvina Logsdon, So. Grensburg, Pa. 1,850.00

Mary E. Lynch, Binghamton, N. Y 1,850.00

F. W. Ives, Emporia, Kas 1,000.00

W. E. Haines, Huntington, Ind. 1,850.00

Maurice Sullivan, Horner« N. Y 1,850.00

Frank H. Lasher, Herkimer, N. Y 1,850.00

C. S. Ammerman, Altoona, Pa. 1,850.00

R. F. Sickles, Landing, N. J 1,850.00

F. V. Sweet, Battle Creek, Mich 1,850.00

Wm. Kuhlwind, Harrisburg, Pa. 1.350.00

R. Edgerly, Philadelphia, ra 1,000.00

W. H. Hudson. Atlanta. Ga «. 1,850.00

L. P. Engleheart. Lawrence, Mass 1,860.00

W. D. Malaer, Mt. Carmel, 111 1,850.00

Mary S. Buckles, Stockton. Cal 1,350.00

Emma C. Moore, Memphis, Tenn 500.00

The Safe Deposit & Trust Co., of PitUburg,

Gdn., Pittsburg, Pa 1,860.00

Chas. Lehman, Beloit, Wis 1.860.00

Mary Miller, Oshkosh, Wis. 1,850.00

Alice Harris, Merrick, Mass 1.850.00

Mary A. Leahy. Springfield. Mass. 1,350.00

Laura E. Coombs, Butte, Mont 1.850.00

Nellie M. Barber, Elmira, N. Y 1,000.00

Louisa M. Smith, Denver, Col 500.00

Theresa Wasmuth, Admx., Baltimore, Md 1,850.00

H. H. Wilhelm, Baltimore, Md 1,000.00

W. M. Stewart, Du Bois. Pa 1,350.00

Emma Potts, Chicago, 111 1,350.00

Thos. Whitby, Chicago, 111 1,350.00

Tas. Keenan, Canaan, Conn 1,200.00

Jno. B. Burns, Port Jervis, N. Y 1,350.00

Lovenia Parker. Farmington, Del 1,350.00

Mary Meanv, Ottumwa. la 1,850.00

Mary Ann Jones, Meriaen, Conn 1,350.00

T. E. McGarry, Steubenville, 0 1,350.00

Arise Ayotte, St. Didace, Que 500.00

T. C. HouKh. Sedalia. Mo 1,850.00

Margaret C. Croughan, Worcester, Mass 1,350.00

Agnes Halberg, Globe. Ariz 1,860.00

Rebecca Johnson, Bordentown, N. J 1,350.00

Chas. E. Gibbons. New York, N. Y. 1.850.00

C. F. Dudderar, Chattanooga. Tenn 1,000.00

W. F. Vickery, Chattanooga, Tenn 1,000.00

Richard Turnbach, Shamokin, Pa 1 ,200.00

John Glenn, Sr., Lonaconing, Md 1,850.00

Total $1 25,750.00

Previously reported |1 3,791,078.96

Total paid 118.916.828.06

BENEFICIARY ASSESSMENT NOTIGE No. 335.

MAY, 1907.

Grand Lodge of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen

OFFICE OP Gkand Secretary and Treasurer )

ro Subordinaie Lodges: Clivilahd. O.. Apwl Ist, 1907. f

Dear Sirs and Brothirs:— You are hereby notified of the following Claims:

NAMB

No.

0«rt.

I No.

Date.

CAUSE

127» R. L. Anlt

12740 J. D. Brink

12741 F.O.Hntchini....
12748 J. M.Sowden.. .
13748 H. R. D. Sngllab.

12744 H. L.HMkett

12746 Richard Hnmphrey

M746 B.O.Menael ....

109640
0213

16113

Dmth
Death

)Mth

3Mth

>la.

)!■.

>Mth
DMth

Jan. 28. Hfl
Jan. 16, HH
Feb. 6. '07
Feb. 8.*07
Feb. 18. "Oe
Feb. 4.'06
Feb. 17, W
Jan 24. 07

RonoTerbyear

Knocked down; mnoTer

Ron orer by train

Diabetee Mellltae . ••••' ^_* !*•

Spinal injury; partial paralyaia lower extremities

Both le« omKhed and amputated

GhinshM wound

Ran oyer by engine

Amt

1J60.00
1.000.00
1J60.00

1.00000
IJ60.Q0

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6onjo

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♦^h•-

The Toiler

BY ADELBERT CLARK

Let the wofld with scorn and laughter.

Doubt the work your heart would do!
Still keep cinnbing Life's steep ladder.

For there's more in life for you.
He who lets the moddng people

Turn him with their jests and sneers.
Only finds a path of brambles

Mingled with a shower of tears.

In this life, the sweetest roses

Blossom in the human heart.
If we keep away the meddlers

That would tear the leaves apart
Courage, pain and firm endeavor,

Lo, the tdler must employ,
Eire he gains the goMen .harvest

That will crown his days with joy.

Human weakness means but faflure

To the toiler of the earth.
And his labor calls for boklness,

All the way through life, from birthi
We must watch the while we labor

Fearing not, the idler's voicel
On the things that we wbuM master.

We must make a final choice.

Let the worM with scorn and laughter.

Doubt the work your heart would do!
Like a soldier in the battle.

Face them with a courage true.
Let them laugh — 'twiD matter little

When you've reached your happy throne.
For your labor will reward you

By the courage you have shown!

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Pnbliahed HLonth^j by the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen.
Entered at the poet-offloe at Olereland, Ohio, as seoond-elau matter.

D. L. CEASE
Editor and Managbb

Sdbscsiption Pbice
$i.uu Peb Yeab In Advance

Vol. XXIV.

MAY 1907.

No. 5

Atlanta,

W. G. COOPER.

JTLANTA is the railroad center
of the southeastern states.
Standing at a point where the
Eastern traffic flows down the
Appalachian Chain of mountains, it is met
by the great streams of commerce from the
west to the southern seaboard, and has be-
come the terminus of fourteen railroad
lines, and the point from which thousands
of miles of road are operated.

General Sherman was impressed with At-
lanta's strategic importance, and pointed
out the fact that any part of the Gulf on the
South Atlantic could be reached from this
city in twelve hours. Atlanta became head-
quarters for the Department of the Gulf
during the Spanish War, and although an
effort was made afterward to remove these
headquarters to another point, the natural
advantage of the situation impelled the
Government to permanently fix their seat
here.

From Cincinnati, the Ohio River gateway
of the productive Middle West, the shortest
practicable route to the Panama canal is
through Atlanta, and the Louisville and
Nashville Railway has spent many millions
in building a new trunk line between these
cities. The Southern Railway, the Sea
Board Air Line, the Atlanta, Birmingham
and Atlantic, the Central of Georgia and

other systems are connecting up their trunk
lines through Atlanta to the Atlantic and'
the Gulf, and this city is on the great high-
way of American goods moving southward
to the sea.

In anticipation of an immense growth of
business, the railroad companies are spend-
ing millions of dollars to enlarge their ter-
minal facilities in and around Atlanta.
The beautiful new passenger depot at At-
lanta was erected by the Southern Railway
and associated lines, and large extensions
of freight terminals are being made by the
Southern and the Louisville and Nashville
systems. The Atlanta, Birmingham and
Atlantic is constructing extensive terminals
and will shortly enter the city.

The system of local transit, covering 155
miles of electric railway, is one of the best
in the country, and is probably the most ex-
tensive in the country for a city of Atlan-
ta's size. This has caused a rapid exten-
sion of the residence district, and beautiful
homes have been erected several miles be-
yond the city limits in all directions. There
is an inter-urban line from Atlanta to Mar-
ietta, twenty miles out, and another is to
be built to Macon and Albany.

Atlanta is the most accessible city in the
South, and for this reason the stream of
travel is constantly increasing. There are

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNALr

seventy-nine towns of 4,000 population and
upward in Georgia, the Carolinas, Alabama
and Mississippi. The average distance of
these towns from Atlanta is 281 miles,
which is 80 to 170 miles less than the dis-

telephones and many such interests have
here their headquarters for from five to
twelve States.

Steel and stone skyscrapers have shot up
in rapid succession and the heart of the city

Cf^ND OPERA HOUSE, WHERE THE CONVENTION WILL MEET, ATLANTA, GEORGIA.

tance from the next nearest important cen-
ter.

Atlanta is Southern headquarters for
most of the national corporations that do
business in this section. It is the third in-
surance center in the country and easily the
first in the South. Railways, telegraphs,

looks like the heart of Manhattan Island.
There is no other city in the South that has
the metropolitan appearance Atlanta pre-
sents. It has one square milethat can
hardly be equaled anywhere on- tms conti-
nent outside of New York, Chicago and
Philadelphia.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

38'?

Business is growing six times as fast as
population, although the inhabitants are in-
creasing three times as fast as they are in
the country at large. Atlanta is about the
busiest city of its size in the world.

The growth of the city is by no means
confined to office b.uildings. The manufac-
tured products of Fulton county, including
Atlanta, increased from fifteen to thirty mil-
lions from 1900 to 1905, and are now forty
millions. There are nearly twice as many

southeastern group, of which Atlanta is the
natural center, produce a cotton crop worth
about three hundred millions, and turn out
cotton goods worth one hundred and fifty
millions. The total manufactured products
of these states is 600 millions. The supply
business for all this vast industry is im-
mense, and Atlanta gets a large share of it.
A strong feature of Atlanta's industry is
its variety. The people are hospitable to
new ideas and not fastened in old grooves.

KIMBALL HOUSE. GRAND LODGE HEADQUARTERS. ATLANTA, GEORGIA.

' wage earners as there were in 1900 and the
city is constantly crowded with well-to-do
strangers who have come to engage in busi-
ness. The banks are loaded with deposits,
and one member of the clearing house has
as much as all six of them had ten years
ago. Atlanta's importance as a business
center is indicated by the fact that Georgia
produces a cotton crop worth ninety mil-
lions, or more than the gold product of the
entire country. The states making up the

Home industries are well patronized, and
the percentage of success in new industries
is very high.

Atlanta is a clean, well governed city.
The tax rate is only 1^ per cent on a mod-
erate valuation of property, which aggre-
gates $68,268,393. The United States cen-
sus credits Atlanta with the lowest tax re-
turn on actual value to be found in the
South, among cities of over 25,000 popula-
tion. While the nominal rate is 1.25, it

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388

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

amounts to only .53 on actual value. The
bonded debt of $3,451,500 is less than the
constitutional limit by a million and a quar-
ter. It is covered by a sinking fund which
provides for the payment of all bonds with-
in thirty years from the date of issuance.

The fire, police, sanitary and other de-
partments are economically administered
and ably managed by efficient chiefs, with
the support o£ able boards of business
men.

The water supply is taken from the Chat-
tahoochee River, clarified in a settling basin
and filtered before being pumped into the
city. The rate to residents is 60 cents a
month for each house, and for manufactur-
ers 6 cents per thousand gallons in large
quantity.

Electric power for varied industries is
available in and around Atlanta through the
development of a large water power on the
Chattahoochee River, 18 miles from the
city, at Morgan Falls, where a massive ma-
sonry and concrete dam has been built by
the Atlanta Water and Electric Power Co.,
and machinery has been installed for the
development of water power and its trans-
formation into electric current, which is
transmitted to Atlanta. Another concern,
the North Georgia Electric Company, owns
100,000 horse-power in different falls on the
Chattahoochee River, and has begun to de-
velop it. Cables from the first plant have
reached the city and eventually most of this

power will be available to Atlanta manu-
facturers in the form of an electric current

Atlanta is the greatest educational center
of the South, and has in its Grammar
schools 14,000 pupils, besides something
over fivt thousand students in higher insti-
tutions. There are many technical schools,
of which the Georgia Institute of Technol-
ogy is the most famous.

Educational influences are supplemented
by the Carnegie Library, the State Library,
libraries in each of the public schools, sev-
eral theaters, and one hundred and fifty
churches, representing almost all denomin-
ations.

The climate of Atlanta is comparatively
cool in summer. Standing on the crest of
the ridge that divides the watershed of the
Atlantic from that of the Gulf, Atlanta has
an altitude of 1,050 feet above sea level, and
this commanding eminence causes a most
bracing atmosphere which has led a local
enthusiast to declare that "Atlanta is like
Champagne."

The people are remarkably energetic, and
this is evident to the visitor in the first
glance that he gets from the car windows.
Taking it all together, Atlanta is a most de-
lightful place of residence, such as is rarely
found in connection with a busy population
of 130,000 people, who turn out annual
products amounting to forty millions and
do a wholesale business of one hundred
millions, with a total business of all kinds
estimated at eight hundred millions.

The Girl In Business.

|HERE are so many parents who
make a point of telling their
friends that their daughters are
being educated for a business
career, who honestly believe they are doing
something worth while. If they could but
realize the great proportion of failures as
compared with the successes they would
hesitate before condemning the girl to the
usual business office, for the long hourt
of labor, exactions demanded by the em-

ployer and the slight hope of ever making
a fair salary are so much in evidence m
the office employment of girls and women
that it takes few years for the average fe-
male employe to become discouraged.

There are any number of states where
service is regulated by law so far as the
employes at the trades are concerned, but
the auditing and other business offices are
away from sight and no inspector ever
looks behind the scenes to learn whether

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

389

the laws governmg the employment of
women and children are violated. The
trades having some organization behind
them have dared to tell their story of
wrong, but the office employes, without such
protection, have borne the burden of long
hours and low wages without much hope of
remedy or redress.

This tendency to put the girl in a genteel
way of making a living and the results have
been told by Anna Steese Richardson, thus :

"Bookkeeper and stenographer, experi-
enced, real estate office; must be compe-
tent; salary $7.00; write experience.

"Real estate, 100 West Blank-st.**

The man who penned that advertisement
clipped from the "want ad*' columns of a
daily paper was not a humorist.

He really expected to have some girl,
dozens of girls, present themselves at his
office on Monday morning, ready and able
to fill all those requirements at $7 per week.

If he had advertised for a man who could
fill all those same requirements, however,
he would have concluded thus : "Write ex-
perience and salary expected."

This sort of man thinks a male employe
is worth what he asks, a woman what she
can get.

What does he expect for $7 a week?

The services of a young woman who will
make a good appearance and be a credit
to his offices. Who will be sufficiently in-
telligent to address and command the re-
spect of callers in his absence, take accu-
rately any message they may leave; take
down his disjointed dictation and trans-
scribe it in fluent, readable, consecutive sen-
tences. To do his bookkeeping and, in fact,
be her employer while the latter is chasing
down bargains in real estate or leading un-
suspecting customers into the mirage of
buying country homes they can never oc-
cupy.

He is precisely the sort of a man who
thinks he ought to earn about $70 a week
for sitting with his heels on a desk and
telling everybody who works for him what
a lot of chumps they are.

The man who really works appreciates
good work in others, and is willing to pa>
for it.

Provided the girl selected can fill the bill,
what preparation did she have?

Six months at least in a good business
school, studying shorthand, typewriting and
bookkeeping at a cost of $60 for her course.
During that time her parents spent for her
in board, car fare and clothing not less
than $5 per week, or $150. Well, $7 a
week on an investment of less than $200 is
not bad, you say.

Ah, but behind that lie years of school
work, during which the parents sacrificed to
keep the girl properly fed, housed, clothed
and strengthened for her studies.

And now, after these years of sacrifice,
the mother gives the daughter who might
lighten the household burdens, over to a
penurious employer for $7 a week!

It ought to be a lesson to a lot of girls
who think that all their troubles will be
solved when they go into business and
earn their own money.

It ought to open the eyes of mothers who
imagine that when Jennie or Helen or Sally
finishes her studies, she will earn so much
money that a girl can be installed in the
kitchen, some of the new furniture she has
so longed for can be bought for the parlor
or dining room — and everything will be
lovely.

Mothers have such vague ideas of busi-
ness success.

But by and by, eyes of both daughter and
mother are opened. The girl finds that
there are so many other girls in business
that salaries are far lower than if compe-
tition were lighter.

She has to compete with the girl who
works for pin money and the girl, spring-
ing from a foreign household, knows how
to live on next to nothing.

She learns that many employers would
prefer having work done indifferently and
cheaply, to paying good wages for first-
class work. She sees that only the excep-
tional woman, the one who has the gift not
only of securing large results quickly, but
of pushing herself and her own interests,
succeeds, while the great mass of girls re-
main in the class of mediocrity as to work
and salaries.

The mother finds that most of the salary
that was to accomplish Aladdin-like won-
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ders in their shabby home goes for shoes
and rainy day clothes, for pretty shirtwaists
and tailored skirts, that the office girl may
be a credit to her employer.

She learns that the girl gradually loses
interest in the home. She sees little of it.
She is tired when she comes home at night
and sleeps most of Sunday, so she does not
notice that the parlor chairs need recover-
ing.

She does not complain of anything, eats
what is set before her indifferently. She
is as colorless as the round of work she
does each day.

The mother feels actually guilty about
taking a cent of the hard earned money, so
she lays it away, dollar by dollar, to send
the girl on a summer vacation. Perhaps
there will be enough for both to go, and
then for two weeks they are young again,
mother and daughter, and really become
quite well acquainted.

A year or so of this, and the girl begins
to speak of matrimony as a release from
the dreary office routine. Thus the disap-
pointed mother looks back to the day when
she planned brilliant business success for
her girl, when she prayed that her daughter
might escape the drudgery of household
duties.

She has awakened to realize that all medi-
ocre work is drudgery, a dreary round, a
dun colored existence, and the mere fact
that a girl is given a course in a business
college will not insure future happiness.

Walk the length of any department store,
or visit insurance offices where girls by the
thousands are employed. Study their face*
and see how much happiness you can read
therein. You will know when you leave
store or office building why that real estate
man dared to advertise for an experienced
stenographer and bookkeeper at $7 a week.

Young girls who have not the least idea
of what they will find in the business world
—save salary; mothers who know nothing
of business duties and the qualifications
which their daughters should possess are
crowding the wage earning field with medi-
ocre workers who never get out of the $7
a week class.

Only the exceptional woman finds happi-

ness as well as success in the business
world.

Some succeed, but at the cost of health
and some happiness. Others find happiness
in the work because they use it as a means
to an end, bringing happiness or comfort
to others.

But the average woman is not strong
enough to achieve the supreme success
which satisfies, nor unselfish enough to
work day after day for the comfort of some
loved one.

The men and women who write clever
stories about successful girls living in stu-
dios and posing as experts, with a chafing
dish, do a lot of harm and plant some mis-
chievous seeds in the minds of girls who
know nothing of city or business life.

Somehow these writers forget to tell
about the days when the studio was a gar-
ret, or worse still, an unheated, ragged hall
bedroom, knd when the chafing dish was a
tincup held over a gas jet in fear and
trembling, lest a captious landlady might
find you out. When they write about the
clever, clear brained woman who is indis-
pensable to financier or philanthropist and
draws a salary in the thousands, or of the
buyer who goes to Europe twice a year for
her firm, they forget to picture the dreary
life of the filing clerk who works in the of-
fice next to the successful private secre-
tary, or the stockgirl, whose skirt seldom
brushes that of the buyer.

There are few private secretaries and
buyers. There are thousands of filing clerks
and stockgirls — all getting less than $7 per
week.

It is all very well to say that any girl
can lift herself out of the $7 a week class,
but I do not agree with you. I have seen
it tried by girls in whom the spirit was will-
ing, but the flesh and the mentality weak.

And the estate of those girls after they
had tried and failed was worse than it was
when they went stolidly about their dreary
routine of duty.

On the other hand, I have seen girls who
scored complete failure in business blossom
like flowers in domestic life and develop
into excellent wives and mothers.

The great trouble with American women
is that they always go to extfemes.

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now the pendulum has swung far off to-
ward a business life, a money making ca-
reer, and not until women realize that there
are thousands of $7 a week workers, to
one $70 a week wage earner will the craze
subside.

The inexperienced mother imagines that
she is doing her daughter the greatest pos-
sible kindness when she permits her to go
into business. It is not until the daughter
has drained the cup of business failure and
retired contentedly to a domestic life that
a second or perhaps a third generation of
girls will be properly warned against the
disappointments that lie ahead of the $7 a
week worker."

In considering the wages of the girl no
allowance is made for long years of prep-
aration that were necessary to fit her for
the position. Her apprenticeship counts
for nothing where wages are concerned.
She must take what is given her or make

room for another who will. The outlook
for the girl is no better in business than it
is at anything else, in some instances .not
so good, for there are a number of employ-
ments where organization does some good
for the female employe, but there is little
offered in business except in rare instances.
But in holding out inducements for the girl
to take up a business career only the mark-
ed successes are told, the failures are not
worth telling and, besides, they are so
many.

The question will doubtless be asked,
"What shall the girls do to help them-
selves?" We answer candidly that as long
as so many millions of them are prepared
to rush into employment, compete with men
for work and contribute their part toward
keeping down the wages of men, that we
cannot answer the question. Some occupa-
tions are better than others, but none of
them is what it is cracked up to be.

Women In The Sweated Trades Of Philadelphia.

FLORENCE U SANVILLE.

|N certain industries three char-
acteristics seem often to go
hand-in-hand, — inadequate or-
ganization, the presence of large
numbers of women, and the sweating sys-
tem. In Philadelphia twenty known — and
probably many unknown — industries com-
pete in this demoralizing race toward in-
dustrial inefficiency ; and among them, as in
other cities, the garment trades hold an un-
enviable first place.

In the garment trades, which alone are
subject to the sub-contracting system, the
women take up their work at the final
stage of the disorganizing process. As
might be expected, it is the women of the
foreign element who have, in their ignor-
ance, become victims of this merciless trav-
esty of industry. In Philadelphia, the Ital-
ians have become the chosen nation; and
the small, crowded homes of the Italian
district in the southeastern part of the city

are those which have been most ruthlessly
invaded by this particular variety of work.

There are no figures to show even ap-
proximately how many women are engaged
in finishing garments at home for ready-
made wear. The most recent official re-
port of tenement and dwelling house work
is now ?i\t years old; the number given
then by the Department of Factory Inspec-
tion was 2,003. There is no reason to sup-
pose that these figures, however, represent
the actual conditions of the year 1902, for
a large proportion of home workers have
never secured permits, and therefore have
never been recorded by the Department.
But even were 2,003 the whole story for
1902, the five years which have since inter-
vened have seen an increase in the trade
and an influx of Italian immigrants which
would make old figures look a mere shade
by comparison.

In a single alley of twenty-one houses,
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392 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

seventeen are occupied by women who group brings up the rear of this exploited
make a mockery of a living at gar- army. In a barren room of a twelvQpiamily
ment — ^generally trouser — finishing. The tenement house, the writer found a fully-
most prosperous worker, living in a dressed man asleep on a mattress among a
two-room apartment with her three pile of finished trousers, ready for their
children and her husband, works on a return journey through the sweatshop, to
very high grade of material ; and she earns, the ready-made counters of any and every

q:
w

D
O

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o •

d -
to w

^«

with the partial help of her little girl, 80 to retail store ; by the narrow window in the
90 cents in an eleven-hour day, 8c. a piece adjoining room, with two small children
being the rate paid on these silk-lined, silk- gazing questionably at the visitor from her
worked trousers. Behind her in the scale, protecting skirts, sat the wife and mother
drags the army of women doing an equal — a competing force in one of the wealth-
amount of work on cheaper materials for iest industries in the country — busily fin-
a wage of 6V& cents a pair. But a tragic ishing trousers at 24 cents a dozen pairs.

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393

Forty-eight cents represented to her the
earnings of a ten hour day.

The writer was fervently hoping that the
lowest step in this stairway into industrial
iniquity had been reached, when she came
upon a woman and a little girl of twelve
years in a tiny room on an alley, busily at-

was 12 cents a dozen pairs; a twelve-hour
day for the two pairs of hands could scarce-
ly bring 50 cents. This was fortunately the
only example discovered in which such a
stage of industrial robbery had been
reached. But just as this case had come
to light accidentally, so it is all too prob-

A FINISHER OF TROUSERS AT 6 CENTS A PAIR.

tacking a huge pile of cheap trousers. The
work proved to be similar to all the rest —
namely, finishing the pockets, sewing in the
band, making two buttonholes, felling the
hems, and sewing on the buttons. The
compensation which this worker received

able that a systematic investigation would
reveal many another such tragedy.

Similar conditions exist in the other
branches of garment-making — coats, over-
coats, and children's clothes, as well as (to
a lesser degree) women's garments. All

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A HIDDEN SOURCE OF CLOTHES. SOLD ON PHILADELPHIA'S BEST STREET.
The work Is dona In t dark rear kitchen and bedroom combined.

these are subject to the action of the sweat-
ing system at its height, with sub-contract-
ing as the main prop of the whole infamous
structure. In other trades, the transac-
tion between manufacturer and home work-

er is very largely a direct one. Many and
surprising are the forms in which industry
has crept into and usurped the crowded
family rooms in our vaunted "City of
Homes." ^^ ^

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395

^^The purchaser of a dainty undervest
^fculd probably be unutterably shocked
aBsre she to stumble — as did the writer —
^er a huge, tightly filled sack of these
garments in the dark passage-way of a
small house in the Kensington mill dis-
trict. The woman^of the house, apologizing
for the mishap, explained that she had
been running the silk ribbons through the
vests, and was now waiting for the wagon
from the factory to call for the bag, and
bring a new lot — to such an extent has it
become a system ! Twenty dozen vests — the
work of two days — were in the sack ; her
labor on the entire sackful was rewarded
by $1.00, under the prevailing rate of 5
cents for a dozen undervests.

In the same neighborhood, supported by
the same textile industries — the boast of
Philadelphia — are women who spend their
days in making and knotting the fringe of

shawls and bedspreads. Eight yards of
fringing is required for each article, and
the worker receives 5.4 cents for its com-
pletion; 65 cents represent the earnings Of
a twelve-hour day at this occupation, and
out of this munificent sum the worker sup-
plies the frequently breaking needles.

The vigor and freshness of a base-ball
game seems a far ^ry from the close in-
tensity of sweated labor, but the compact
little missive upon which the game de-
pends could give anything but a merry tale
of the history which preceded its triumph-
ant career on the diamond. It, and many
like it, were covered, stitched and waxed
by women in their homes who received 8
cents a dozen for the exacting work. Out
of the 32 cents which a ten-hour day pro-
vides, the worker supplies tacks, tweezers,
and wax for the base-balls. The firm
munificently supplies the thread and needles.

RAG STRIPPING FOR CARPETS. AT 2 CENTS FOR 240 YARDS.
Tbo room, 6x12 ft., Is Kitchen, Bedroom, Workroom and Dlnin; Room fcr three people.

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SILK-LINED OVERCOATS AT 1 1 CENTS EACH.

It would make long and perhaps tedious
reading to enumerate the details of the
twenty varieties of work which have been
found in the homes of this city. A few
others should be mentioned, however.
Among them, box-making and necktie-fin-
ishing are capable of returning the most
satisfactory results. Paper boxes are com-
pletely made in the homes — with the ex-
ception of cutting the cardboard strips —
for prices ranging from 15 to 85 cents a
gross. At these rates, the income for a
twelve-hour day ranges from 75 cents to
$1.32. In necktie finishing, a skilled worker
can make as much as $1.00 in ten hours;
but the daily wage drops considerably be-
low this for the average woman.

The stripping and sewing of rags for car-
pet is an ill-paid and unwholesome form of
home work that brings one woman 15 cents
for ten hours' work. The rate is 2 cents a
pound (240 yards) of rags. Thirty-five

cents a yard is the retail selling price for
the finished product; and as 1% pounds
of rags make one yard of carpet, it follows
that V/2 cents worth of this woman's labor
brings in 35 cents to the retailer!

There is a three-fold significance to this
distortion of industry, depending upon the
point of view from which its ugliness is
viewed; these three view points are those
of the manufacturer, the buying public, and
the worker herself. For the manufacturer
who places out the work, the repellent feat-
ures of sweating are successfully hidden.
The system represents solely profit to him.
He has seized the opportunity to save the
rent, light, and general service that would
be involved if he provided proper work
rooms; to escape the limitations placed up-
on hours of labor by legislation on one
hand and organization on the other, and
successfully to keep down wages by playing
off, one against the other, ignorant, dis-

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397

organized and helpless workers who have
not even the bond of acquaintanceship in
this, their common employment . There are
manufacturers who give out material in
certain trades, who maintain that they do
it against their will at the demand of wo-
men who insist upon working at home. In
isolated cases this may be true; but it is
notable that in that most exploited of
trades, garment-making, no one has — ^to
the writer's knowledge — ever made such a
statement.

To the community that buys the prod-
uct of this unregulated labor, the menace
is unmitigated by any sort of advantage
except, in some cases, a lessening of the
money cost of an article. Infinitely greater
than this slight decrease, is the cost which
a disease or dirt laden article may be ex-
acting from an innocent purchaser. The
instance has been frequently quoted of the
tubercular patient who was found in a New

York tenement, attempting to meet the cost
of the last ravages of her disease by past-
ing the edges of wedding-cake boxes for a
prominent confectioner — moistening the pa-
per with her tongue.

A parallel case occurred only a few
months ago in Philadelphia. An investiga-
tor for the Industrial Exhibit contracted a
severe case of diphtheria from a room in
which a woman was finishing children's
flannel dresses by the bedside of a child
who was ill with a malignant form of the
disease. At the Exhibit, where one of these
dresses was shown, the visitor usually in-
quired, after the story was learned, "Has
this dress been disinfected?" A very pat-
ural inquiry! But to how many homes did
those other little dresses carry the disease
from which the investigator became so des-
perately ill, and the child eventually died ?

There is another element of cost to the
purchaser who apparently saves a cent or

CORNER OF A LARGE SWEAT SHOP.

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two on a sweated garment. It is a price things which are cheap only by reason of
which some blunted sensibilities may not the sacrifice, or risk of sacrifice, of human
feel. But just as the majority of men and life and happiness, are too costly for human
women would not buy stolen goods even at use."

a reduced cost, so the usual purchaser To the worker herself, the sweating sys-
would not knowingly buy articles which tem hides its real features behind a mask
represent stolen health, stolen time, and of necessity or convenience which only the
confiscated home life of helpless women, more enlightened have the intelligence to
Such articles are not cheap. John Spargo* remove. A crusade which had as its ob-
says it vividly: ject the total eradication of this industrial

**. . .A recognition . . of all the mon- disease, would meet with indignant oppo-
strous wrong and tragedy hidden in that sition or despairing appeals from three-
word 'cheap would do much to diminish quarters of the victims themselves. One
the evil. We need in our modern life pha^e only appears to them. Angelina's

husband is making insufficient
wages at his place of work to
support the family, and here is a
readily-seized means of adding the
necessary extra dollar to the
weekly income. Or a woman has
been left a widow without sup-
port, and with small children
whom it seems impossible to leave
during the day, so that work at
home is indispensable.

An outcry would also probably
arise from the women who does
home-work for "pin-money." But
she is an unmitigated evil in in-
dustry who embodies all the
wrongs inherent in the system
without even the apology of
necessity, and may be dismissed
without an argument. Neither do
such women occur in great
enough numbers to affect the situ-
ation.

The woman who attempts to
eke out her husband's wage, does
it in blind, if devoted, ignorance
of the fact that her very act de-
feats the end for which she strives,
something of that spirit which prompted The sweated trades are the last to feel the
David to pour out upon the ground the tendency toward a rise in wages; and in
precious cooling draught his brave follow- certain branches, the tendency seems to be
ers, at the risk of their lives, brought him j^ q^jte a contrary direction. A woman on

A NEST OF TENEMENT WORK.
1 7 out of the 2 1 houses on this alley are occupieJ by sweated workers.

from the well by Bethlehem's gate. The
water had been obtained at too great a cost,
the risking of human lives, and David could
not drink it. We need that spirit to be
applied to our social relations. Those

•John Spargo, Bitter Cry of the Children, p. 261.

Fairhill street, who two years ago received
8 cents for finishing a coat, now receives
6J^ for the same work. There is no less
demand for coats, and they are not sold
more cheaply. The system here has done
its work well. Her husband's wage in the

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399

HOW GARMENTS TRAVEL FROM THE SWEAT SHOP TO THE CX)UNTERS OF THE STORES.

shop has, logically, been kept or forced
down through the throwing on the market
of just such competition as hers, and there
is need for her to take in more coats, be
the return what it may, and work more
rapidly on them, in order to keep pace with
,the increasing family expenses, and the
shrinking income. But how is this ignorant
Italian, who knows only that she receives
a two-dollar bill at the end of the week
wherewith to buy small Tony his much-
needed shoes — to ferret out this grim and
disheartening economic fact?

The widow with little children, although
in the nature of things an exceptional case,
presents at first sight an even more for-
midable argument; but it has no more real
value than the former. The same helpless
factor has been for years as the stock ar-
gument of the opponents of child-labor re-
form. In the employment of young chil-
dren, as in the sweating system, the easiest
and most pernicious way out of a difficulty
has been grasped. The farce of supporting a
family on his insignificant wage, at the
risk of becoming later an illiterate and
brokendown public charge, is being recog-
nized as no longer the province of an im-

mature, growing child. The community
will perhaps have to bear a hopeless burden
later; let it rather assume a hopeful one
now. In the same way, if a woman cannot
leave her children in order to engage in
wholesome and reasonably remunerative
work, then agencies, public or private, must
meet these exceptional cases. Such agen-
cies do exist now in large numbers, and
would increase proportionately as the need
for them. The woman who endangered the
health of a community by sewing children's
dresses at the bedside of her diphtheritic
patient was attempting to keep herself and
her sick child alive on her daily wage of
3S cents, representing 13 hours of work.
Before her child was taken ill, she was be-
sought by a neighboring settlement to leave
the child at the day nursery, and take up
factory work ; but home work seemed read-
ier at hand, and she refused. After the
child's death, she did enter a textile mill,
and is now earning $7.00 a week, for five
and one-half days' work.

As a matter of fact, any one acquainted
with the homes of these misguided work-
ers knows that the mother's "care of the
children" is a cruel irony. Thejcljildren axe
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of necessity allowed to run on the street,
play with dangerous objects, eat hastily pre-
pared apologies for meals, while the moth-
er, whose hands are already normally full
with the duties of such a household, bends
every energy in keeping up the unequal
struggle — with the help of any child that
is old enough to wield a needle.

No real argument seems to be of avail in
favor of the continuance of sweated work
for women. The invasion of already crowd-
ed homes, low wages, unlimited hours, and
child-labor spells out the cost to the worker.
•After years of agitation, a certain amount
of public sentiment is awakening, and man-
ufacturers are beginning to respond. A
certain manufacturer and retailer of men's
and boys' clothing in Philadelphia adver-
tises in the newspapers, (untruthfully,
alas!) "No sweatshop-made clothing!"

Some few clothing manufacturers are slow-
ly providing facilities for normal factory
work, and are thus showing themselves
sensitive to public pressure. The buyer ol
underwear at Philadelphia's most prom-
inent retail store said to the writer only re-
cently, me has passed when we will
stand for handsomely constructed establish-
ments within which are sold goods made
in insanitary, wretched hovels. People
won't stand for it — ^and every article made
in my department is bought with some ref-
erence to the conditions uder which it is
made."

Could this buyer only make positive his
assurance of good conditions ; could his zeal
but transmit itself to the buyer of every
other department, might we not — in spite
of a depressing present — have certain hope
for the future?

The Social Conditions Of A Factory Settlement.

IE Erwin cotton factory was
founded in April, 1892, near the
western boundary of the city of
Durham. It was incorporated
with Mr. B. N. Duke as president ; Mr. Geo.
W. Watts as vice president, and Mr. W. A.
Erwin as secretary and treasurer. These
men have held their respective offices since
the foundation of the factory. The build-
ings were completed and ready for opera-
tion in the spring of 1893. At that time
there were 5,000 spindles and 200 looms,
with about 200 operatives. In the year
1894 they increased the number of spindles
to 10,000 and looms to 400, employing about
375 operatives. In 1896 the number of
spindles was increased to 25,000 and looms
to 925, and since that time regular employ-
ment has been given to 850 persons. Each
year mechanical improvements have been
added to every department of the factory
and the building itself has been repeatedly
enlarged. The main product of this factory
is blue denim, which is shipped to all parts
of the United States and to foreign coun-
tries. Twenty-five men are employed in the

shipping department alone. About 462
boxes, each containing 24 bolts of 66 yards,
are shipped every week.- There has only
been one fatal, and several slight accidents,
since the factory was established. The min-
imum wage is 10 cents per day, and the
maximum wage is $1.75 per day.

The population of this factory settle-
ment numbering 300 in 1892, increased to
2,500 in 1902. The settlement is called West
Durham and extends one-half mile square,
with the factory for its center. At first there
were only a small number of three-room
houses built near the factory by the mill-
owners. The enlargement of the mill and
the increased number of operatives caused
the company to see the necessity of building
more houses. Several larger houses were
built containing from hye to eight rooms.
These were usually rented by two families
each. Private land-holders owning land ad-
joining the company's tract, upon seeing
the increase of the population began to build
dwelling houses which they rented to the
company. These houses were then rented
by the company to the operatives. There
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arc at the. present. time seven or eight land- expressionless face. The mantelpiece dis-

owners renting out at least six houses each, plays a great variety of vases, toys and

During the early settlement of the village, childrens' china cups and saucers, while at

the population cared little for private prop- one end hangs a bird's nest holding a large

erty^ BK^ving from factory to factory when- China Easter Egg gaudily painted. The bed

ever they widbed a change, but in the last room is scantily -furnished, containing only

four years there has been a general awaken- two beds, a machine, and a few chairs. No

ing of a desire to own property, and thous- pictures nor ornaments are found here. The

ands of dollars have been spent by the em- kitchen serves for dining room also, and in

ployes in erecting theit oiwn homes. These case of very large families for bed room,

houses are usually large and comfortable. The table is spread with a red oil-cloth,

built on modem plans. The houses rented blue dishes and bone-handled knives and

by the company are kept in good sanitary forks are used. In the hall are foimd a

BEFORE THEY WENT TO THE COTTON MILL.

condition so that the death rate is compara- trunk, washstand and a bicycle, while coats
tively small. and bonnets hang on nails driven on either

Owing to the size of the families who side. The houses owned by the operatives*
live in the three-room houses the rooms are much better furnished,
are somewhat crowded. The furniture for There are two justices of the peace but
the most part is cheap. The "front* room" the secretary and manager of the factory
usually contains a bed, small lounge, a three has naturally much more power than the
legged rustic table which holds a large fam- magistrates. All forms of vice are closely
ily Bible, a parlor lamp, and a red or blue watched and driven out. The mill bosses
plush album. A small tin trunk and a cheap act as deputies, for instance; if a wrong is
organ are always seen in the room. In one committed the boss under whom the culprit
comer of the room is an easel holding a is working either discharges him or reports
large gilt frame from which stares a pale him to the secretary. The secretary either

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402 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

reproves him and reinstates him, or if the markets. The "company store" controls the

case is serious, gives him a final discharge, greater part of the trade of the village. This

Occasionally an employe angered at his dis- is a large brick store with departments for

charge enters the mill, and gaining oppor- dry goods and groceries. The store was

tunity, draws a sharp knife across the loom, formerly owned by the mill company and

severing the warp. There have been in one kept by men under their control, but it has

day as many as seventeen warps ruined in been bought by a private firm and has since

this way, which means quite a loss to the increased its capacity and its trade. The

company. This mode of vengeance was merchants often lose rather heavily by cred-

more popular several years ago than at the iting the operatives, some of whom sud-

present time. denly disappear with their families, leaving

There are fourteen stores in this little the debt unpaid. This is detrimental to

village that are owned by private parties; small grocers who often have to go out of

A CROUP OF COTTON MILL HANDS AT HOME.

eight grocery stores, two drug stores, two business on that account. The operatives

millinery establishments and two markets, always buy on credit and wait for pay-day

The grocery stores are for the most part run to settle their accounts. They are paid for

on a small scale, carrying a line of cheap their work Monday night and on Tuesday

foods and country produce brought in by morning each merchant receives his per cent

farmers. The drug stores are not so well fur- of the weekly wage.

nished as those of the city, as they are only On Tuesday can be seen a number of
branches from the large firms of the city, agents of all kinds. The life insurance
but they carry a first-class line of drugs, agents call for their weekly payments and
The milliners usually carry a line of cheap the book agents visit each house with hand-
flashy millinery which is marked by its somely bound, highly colored illustrated
gaudiness rather than by its durability. The volumes of recent productions such as
markets are only small branches of the city "Life of Moody," "Life of Gladstone,"

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 403

"Galveston Flood," "Apples of Gold in Pic- there are six persons attending Trinity Park

tures of Silver," "Life of Queen Victoria" High School. The number of children on

and "Life of President McKinley." The census blank not attending school this year

illustrations are noticed at first, then the is 367; males 171, females 176. Number

books are placed on the table in the "front under 17 years not attending any school;

room" for ornamental purposes. The peo- males 137, females 125, total 262. In most

pie are easily persuaded to buy prettily cases the reason why they do not attend

bound books. The Jewish or Syrian peddler is that they are working in the factory and

with his heavy black pack goes his rounds the wages are absolutely needed. Fifty-three

showing laces and household goods which families having children of school age did

are bought because of their cheapness. The not send any of them to school this year ;

man with music charts sells dozens at $5.00 228 did.

each. But the agents for enlarging photo- The graded school has a principal who is

TYPICAL HOME CROUP.

graphs are more successful than all the a graduate of Trinity College, and four

others except the stereoscopic agents, teachers. There are 275 students enrolled;

There is not a house in the village which 140 boys, and 135 girls. Their ages range

does not possess two or more enlarged from 6 to 18. The number of pupils of dif-

photographs. There are two shoemakers' ferent ages is as follows : 6 years 45 ; 7, 31 ;

establishments, and two barber shops. 8, 35; 9, 35; 10, 32; 11, 24; 12, 33; 13, 10;

It is said by the manager of the mill and 14, 12; 15, 3; 16, 6; 17, 2; 18, 4. There are

others that 90 per cent of the operatives seven grades including work as high as

can read and write. Very little interest in algebra and Latin. This school runs nine

education beyond this is shown by the par- months on $2,200.00 and the expenses are

ents. The children of the village have easy met by a property tax of 18 per cent on the

access to a well equipped graded school. $100.00.

Besides those attwdin^ tjie graded §chQo| The group life of this community seems

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404 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

to be in a favorable condition. There is a in general are very liberal in aiding their

tendency among the men to congregate on fellow laborers in destitute tircumstances.

account of their mutual interests. There are eight other organizations: Jtmior

There are three churches — Baptist, Meth- Order of American Mechanics, Knights of

odist and Presbyterian — whose pastors are Pythias, Daughters of America, West Min-

well educated men. The Episcopalians also ster League, Erwin Literary Society, Ep-

have services on the first and third Sun- worth League, and The Wpman's Christian

days in the month, at a hall owned by the Temperance Union. These societies are

secretary of the factory. The Baptist and managed by committees. The Epworth

Methodist churches are about ten years old League has accomplished more for the so-

and are largely attended. The Presbyterian cial development of the community than

is only five years old. There are 300 mem- any other of these organizations,
bers of the Baptist church and 280 of the A cooking school has recently been organ-

THE CHILD TOILERS.

Methodist. The Baptist church is self-sup- ized and is regularly attended by 25 of

porting but the others are missions, the girls who work in the factory. They

The Methodist church oays its pas- have weekly three lessons, at night, in a

tor $450.00 per year and to this salary are small building rented fqr the purpose,

added an appropriation from the missionary The operatives find their amusements in

board of the Methodist Conference of $75.00 various ways, the habit of congregating at

and a gift of $100.00 from the president of the drug stores is a form of social life in it-

the factory. The Baptist church pays its self. They frequent the park that is owned

pastor $600.00. The churches are natural by the secretary of the mill, every evening

centers for other organizations, social, poli- during the summer. Large numbers take

tical and religious. The controlling idea the street cars every night for the city park

in the case of most of the beneficial so- and spend money for ices and rides ort the

cities is to provide for burial and help dur- "merry-go-round" that might better be used

ing sickness for their members. The people in education and in other directions. ^The

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405

churches have concerts, festivals and ice
cream suppers which are always well at-
tended. On these occasions music is fur-
nished by the local brass band, which is an
organized body of 30 members, who are em-
ployes of the mill. Many of the people re-
gard the church as a means of social re-
creation and amusement. A few years ago
the secretary of the factory invited Trinity
professors and others to lecture in the pub-
lic hall. These men, often not understand-
ing the people to whom they spoke, made
lengthy discussions on sciences, great men
and aestheticism. To young people who
have had a few months schooling these dis-
courses were boring and were soon scantily
attended. But when a minstrel show comes

to the hall, the place is crowded. Sunday
is not regarded by the young people as a day
of rest but as a day of amusement The
cars are crowded, on this day more than any
other, and many are the bicycle races and
buggy rides. On almost every Saturday
night during the summer and winter a party
is given by some one, and great crowds are
invited each time. All kinds of childish
games are played and thoroughly enjoyed
by all of them.

This social study of the West Durham
factory settlement is the result of an in-
vestigation. Thirty families were taken to
represent the whole community. Not one
refused information.

" Equality— Oh, Equality ! ! !'

JOSB GROS.

founded

|N February 22d, Washington's
birthday, three citizens of high
degree delivered orations at
the Johns Hopkins University,
by the richest American 120
years ago. One of them, a private indi-
vidual, warned the present generation
against the republic's peril from the large
fortunes that some manage to accumulate.
The next orator, a college president, did
not approve of any opposition to large for-
tunes. Then, in relation to our railroad
troubles, he declared himself against gov-
ernment control, on the plea that it would
produce yet greater troubles in a nation
like ours, which derives its life from party
politics. The third orator, a governor of
one of our most important states, recently
elected on a so-called reform wave, said
that the rights of the individual carry the
right of weahh accumulation. He thought
the only thing we need, for all of us to be
in clover, is— obedience to the law on the
part of all, from top to bottom in the social
scale.

Let us commence our analysis of the
above hash, by the governor's ideas. Be-
fore he asserted that the rights of the in-

dividual carry the right of wealth accumu-
lation, he ought to have proved that the
rights we give to every individual are sound
and not distorted. He also should have
proved that any kind of wealth accumula-
tion is bound to be right, under the laws
we see fit to have. Don't you see how even
our supposed most intelligent citizens talk
at random, always refusing to go down to
— First Principles, to what . we honestly
owe to each other? #*

What now about that old platitude on —
disobedience to law, of which all despotisms
have been complaining ever since the dawn
of history? Disobedience to law as some-
thing of a constant and important evil ; that
can only mean that the grand ensemble of
laws benefits some and hurts somebody
else. All laws are bound to do that which
are not laws of equal rights. The actual
meaning of equal rights is what no nation
^has ever yet tried to understand. Before
we tmderstand that, we must try to agree
on an honest definition of the word — equal-
ity.

Equality, not formalistic, but complimen-
tary, in connection with sound human de-
velopment, is — "The natural element of the

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positive brotherhood spirit by which alone
each one of us can attain full manhood and
the best joys, by simply granting the same
to all through absolute equity, honesty, in
the laws of the social group, and hence by
discarding all laws of privilege and favor-
itism from all industrial activities."

If from the sayings of the governor, as
we criticised, we pass to those of the col-
lege professor, we can only say that, as
most of that class in every nation, he made
his ideas on social development as clear as
mud. He gave us to understand that while
effete nations can be improved by certain
governmental processes, our nation cannot,
on account of our political entanglements.
Just as if all governments had not more or
less consisted in political intrigues on the
part of two or more sets of shrewd fellows
bent upon preying on the rank and file of
each nation!

The only orator who was a little honest
in his address at the Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity, was the private individual. He at
least implied the need of something to be
done, in governmental action, tending to
check all dishonest wealth accumulation.

Take now the last exhibition of Wall St.
on March 13th, when $300,000,000 in se-
curity values disappeared, under the power
of concentrated wealth. That exhibition is
generally considered to have had but one
object, that of checking the efforts of the
national government towards a reduction
of railroad rates. The immediate result is
described by the Chicago Public March 23d
as follows: "The Wall St. pirates wanted
deposits of government money in their faro
banks. They got it. They also wished a
gift of interest on their government bonds
three months in advance. They got it, too.
They desired to be relieved from radical
legislation of several states. The govern-
ors of those states have been told to stop
that. The government of the United States
has been transferred from Washington to
Wall St."

As a matter of history all governments
have thus far been the slaves of an olig-
archy Qi wealthy chaps in each natipn. No

government can be anything else under rot-
ten, monopolistic tax and money systems,
as all nations have ever had and are yet
having.

Those two wrong elements are at the
root of all favoritism in law, of all the re-
pulsive inequalities which convert the com-
bined life of each nation in — a somewhat
regulated pandemonium, in a perpetual
chaos which, resting on a certain degree of
order, can have, so to speak, life eternal
on earth, a wretched eternal life for the
human race, as long as the race itself is not
destroyed through a cosmical cataclysm.

The combined life of humanity and na-
tions should rest on a close co-operation
with God and His universe of glory. It is
yet a perpetual antagonism agaitTst both, in
the physical as well as in the spiritual
realm, in all relations, social and religious.
Our laws and traditions, our conventionali-
ties and our fatalisms veto the free play of
all natural and divine decrees. That pois-
ons the whole gamut of human life. That
blots out the real brotherhood of tnen, the
genuine Fathership of God.

We have no objections to find that some
form of fixed scientific processes presides
over every department of the physical uni-
verse. We yet love to imagine that only
human or divine fancies lie back of all hu-
man development, in the order of conscious
duties. Healthy human growth, in the orbit
of social life, is but the last link of phe-
nomena in the visible universe we live.

It is also the select rhapsody or musical
combination in the symphony of creation,
or shall be, when we see fit to live the full
life that all the forces around invite men to
enjoy. But then, we are yet so timid, so
cowardly, in the moral order of our growth,
so afraid of our best selves, afraid of the
potentialities for good that the Father has
given us; that we prefer to suffer and sin
and sin and suffer, rather than to grant to
each other the power we all have received
for a terrestrial life, giving to every one a
full taste of the greater glories in the be-
yond.

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^^^^^^

ThU Department is opma to all

triende of the Brothtehood.

Ladies' Union Meeting,
St. Louis, Mo.

The L. A. to the B. of R. T. Lodges Nos. 28,
67, 95 and 252, of St Louis, Mo., and Nos. 171
and 369, of East St. Louis, III., will hold a Union
meeting on May 8th and 9th at Turner Hall, 1608
Chouteau avenue, St Louis, Mo., to which all sis-
ters are cordinally invited.

MaIGAKKT GABBBftT,

SecreUry No. 28.

The Ancient Codger Slips A Cog.

It was an ancient citizen who ambled to my den
When I was busy with the things pertaining to

the pen;
Also when I was busy with the things relating to
The butcher, baker, grocer and some other chaps

a few.

He closed the door — it never creaks, the hinges

have been greased.
He sat himself upon a chair and straightway he

released
The logic of his ancient lore about the long ago
When he was but a little boy ere I was born.

you know.

He talked about the difference between the then

and now;
He praised the people of the past, and added:

"But, sumhow.
Things ain't the same as once they was, when I

was but a lad."
I nodded an assent and said: "That always makes

me gUd."

"Then dresses that the women wore was woven

well by hand.
And they would last for years and years — my,

what a lot they'd stand
Of wear and tear — *pon honor, made when I was

but a lad."
Again I nodded an assent and said: "That's not

so bad."

a— 1

"I had a pair of boots at ten, I wore 'em twenty

years;
The greatest boots I ever seen; and now it brings

the tears
To me when I think of them things I had when

but a lad."
"Grew with your feet — great Scott! Great boots!

That must have pleased your dad."

A gleaming tear it trickled down the ancient cod-
ger's cheek;

He rose to go, he went away and never stopped to
speak;

He closed the door — it never creakSi the hinges
have been greased;

And I was all alone again, from boredom thus re-
leased.
— HoRACX Sbymoub Ksllbb, in N. Y. Sun,

A Chance.

She possessed a mind discerning,

That was stored and crammed with learning.

And her thoughts, forever burning.

She could suitably express.
AH her sentences were rounded
And her words imposing sounded.
I was really quite astounded

As I listened, I confess.

It was rather an infliction.
All this verbal tmrestriction.
But her elegance of diction.

Each precise and polished phrase.
And the beautiful selection
Of the words and their connection
And her most correct inflection —

They were quite beyond all praise.

But I saw her very lately.

And she did not talk ornately;

All that langiiage suave and stately

She no longer kept on tap.
She was saying, "Besstmis, diddums!
Where de bad old pin got hiddums.
In his muzzer's p'edous Idddums,"
To the baby in her lap. r^T^fk^Mfh.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The Child Slave,

For a little bread and a little meat;
For two poor solea for hit weary feet.
For a tattered coat and a bed of rags
And a curse or a blow if he ever lagsr—
For the right to live as a worm ouy live —
He gives ap all that a child may give.

IL
Ere he tastes the joy to which youth is heir
His brow is seamed by the marks of care;
Before he has learned that he has the right
To set his goal on the fairest height.
He is robbed of hope and deprived of seal
And bound for life to the racking wheeL

IIL
Our God, we say, is a God of love.
And we preach of glories that are above.
But nevcTr, whatever Death has in store
For the little slave when he slaves no more.
May the glee of youth he has never known
Or the joy of winning become his own.

IV.

He never may know that the world is fair.

And he never may struggle above despair;

He is robbed of the chance that he had at birth

To claim the price that a man is worth,

And, with limbs that ache and with eyes that

plead.
He b crucified on the cross of Greed.

For a little meat and a little bread

And a little rest when the day is dead —

For the right to live as a worm may live —

He gives up all that a child may give;

And we speak with pride of the grace we claim

And with love we mention the dear Christ's name!

S. E. KXSEB.

His face is black and his dothet tre soiled.
His hands are rough and hardened with toil.
But a truer heart man never possessed
Than tiie heart that lies in tiie fireman's breast

Now this is a thought for the fireman as he goes

upon his way:
The engineer of tomorrow is the fireman of today.
Be strong and steady and faithful, and God wiU

be your guide.
And some day you will be tiia man who sits on the

right hand side.

Mns Ltdia M. Dunham.
Lehigh Tannery, Pa.

Statement Of Claims.

PoaT HuaoN, Mick., April 1, 1907.

Previously paid $259,640.

Paid Since Last Report

cot Nancy Sawdy, Chicago, 111 $ 500.

668 S. L. Borth, Ft Worth, Tex. SSS.

664 L. M. Rector, Carbondale, Pa. 500.

665 L. A. Davison, Nashua, N. H. . . . 500.

666 Sophia Wagner, Cumberland, Md. 500.

667 Geo. Frey, New York, N. Y 500.

668 F. E. Davis, Yoakum, Tex 500.

669 E. G. Waltza Gdn., Lima, Ohio. . . 500.

670 Mabel and Frances Homer, Oak-

land, Cal 500.

671 Anna Van Houten, BuflFalo, N. Y. 500.

672 John Owens, New York, N. Y 500.

678 W. H. Baker, Harrisburg, Pa..... 500.

674 James F. Cooper, Columbus, O.... 600.

676 R. P. Grabiel, Garrett, Ind. 500.

676 Alonzo Brooks, Buffslo, N. Y 500.

677 Wm. Dunbar, MechanicsvUle, N. Y. 500.

.88

.00

The Fireman.

Here's to the fireman, working all night,
Keeping the fire all glowing and bright,
Pausing a moment to straighten his back,
And^ain to his work, for of work there's no lack.
The fireman's hand is not the hand
That guides the powerful work of man.
The engine, up the mountains steep.
And through the tunnels, dark and deep,
AncTo'er the bridges that sway and swing
At the touch of the almost human thing.
But the fireman's work must the fireman do.
And his arm is steady and strong and true.
The pick and the shovel the fireman wields.
And he watches the needle until it yields,
And rises higher, and higher still,
For the panting engine must climb the hill.

$267,878.50
Died Since Last Report
Mina Wilson, of Lodge No. 1, died March 4,
1907,

Elizabeth Gams, of Lodge No. 55, died March
8, 1907.

Nora E. Steele, of Lodge No. 267, died February

6, 1907.

Lida McMasters, of Lodge No. 828, died March

7, 1907.

Margaret Kelly, of Lodge No. 42, died March
18th, 1907.

Margaret E. Qualey, of Lodge No. 146, died
March 7. 1907.

Emma Lowrey of Lodge No. Ill, died Mardi
10, 1907.

Catherine Eyles, of Lodge No. 15, died March
17, 1907.

Rebecca Dixon, of Lodge No. 198, died March
19. 1907.

Carrie Gould, of Lodge No. 292, died March 28,
1907.

Mary Scott, of Lodge No. 114, died March — ,
1907.

Amy a. Dowmzng,
a S. ft T.

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TRAIN RULES

^KINDRED SUfidECTS

Send all inquiries to H. A. Dalby, Nangatnck, Conn.

That Fusee On The Pilot.

The letter which was published on page
137 of the February Journal from the
brakeman who attempted to avert a head-
end collision by waving a fusee from the
pilot of the engine has called forth several
communications from trainmen, two of
which appear on page 243 of the March
nimiber. This month we have received an-
other which we quote:

"In response to your request for opin-
ions in regard to the use of a fusee on the
engine pilot, my opinion is that the brake-
man who did the act did not understand his
business or was not complying with any
nile in the Standard Code. He might al-
most as well have sat in the cab, lighted
his fusee and thrown it out the cab win-
dow and run by it as to perch himself on
the pilot What he should have done was
to notify the engineer to slow down, whis-
tle out a flag to protect the rear end and
then grab a red light, torpedo and fusees
and light out toward the approaching train
on foot Flagging from a pilot or caboose
platform is very poor business and should
never be upheld by the Journal in any
sense.

The brother who wrote in the March
JoxntNAL about flagging from the pilot two
hundred yards around the curve to get in
to clear on a superior train's time ought to
come out to Frisco and get a job flagging
debris carts on Market street."

We have also received another letter
from the man who was concerned in the
trouble in which he says rather regretfully
that he gets no sympathy for what he

thinks was the only proper thing to do and
that the company refuses any assistance on
account of personal injuries. He explains
further that there was no red light avail-
able and his white light went out.

We expressed our own opinion as well
as we could from a distance when the ques-
tion was first asked and have seen nothing
since to change it We think the letter
from "St L. I. M. & S." in the March num-
ber contains some excellent advice in re-
gard to the brakemen reading all train
orders. It is what we have many times
urged, not only as a compliance with the
rule, but as a matter of personal safety.
Every man on the train should read the or-
ders and should keep track of other trains
met and passed.

ABOUT RULE 14.

We have received the following letter
from one of our readers:

"I notice in the March number of the
Journal, under Movements of Trains, a
slight mistake either on your part Or on the
part of the printer in 'train parted' signal.
The Journal calls for Rule 12 (d) and
14 (f), which should be 14 (h). Rule 12
(d) is the hand signal which is O. K.
Rule 14 (f) is for flagman to return from
west on branches. Rule 14 (h) should be
correct for whistle signal.

"I just want you to know that some of
us read the Journal and try to keep posted.
Thank you for past information which I
have been benefited by."

This correspondent refers to our explana-
tion of Rule 101 on page 225 of>the Maccfa

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410

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

number. Evidently the rule on his road
is different from the Standard, for we were
correct in our reference. Rule 14 (f) calls
for three long blasts of the whistle and is
thus explained: "When running, train
parted; to be repeated until answered by
the signal prescribed by Rule 12 (d)." It
is also used as an answer to 12 (d) (which
is the hand or lantern signal for train part-
ed) if that signal be given first

We thank the writer for the criticism.
That is what the train rules department is
for.

QUESTIONS.

162. — "No. 3 is a first class train south
bound, and gets this order: 'No. 3 will
take siding and wait at Peck until 1:55 p.
m. for No. 404.' 404 is a second class and
a freight I claim No. 404 should back up
and take siding after 1 :55 p. m. Am I cor-
rect?"—P. P. S.

Answer. — While we have seen such an
order given occasionally it is so entirely
outside of the Standard Code there is no
telling what it means. If the superior train
reaches the station before the time men-
tioned it is all right, but if it does not it
is all wrong. Your understanding is as
nearly correct as any other. The order
should never be sent unless there are defi-
nite instructions issued to all concerned as
to just what each train should do.

Presiunably the dispatcher means to
put the passenger train on the siding if the
inferior train makes it, no matter what
time they get there, but the way to ac-
complish this would be to add to the order,
"No. 3 will take siding if they meet at
Peck." Orders which cannot be explained
by the rules should never be issued. If
we were on No. 404 and made the meeting
point, we should either get in on the siding
or have a flagman out a good and sufficient
distance to stop No. 3 and run them
through the siding.

163.— "On this road we use the Standard
Code. The road is single line and east
boimd trains are superior by direction. Is
an extra superior to another extra because
it is moving in the superior direction ? Our
rules tell us that superior direction applies
only as between trains of the same class.

and an extra is of no class. Rule 81 says
trains of the first class are superior to trains
of the second class, and so on, and that
extra trains are inferior to all regular
trains. From this I understand that one
extra is not superior to another extra (by
direction) and Rule 88a says at meeting
points between extras, the one moving in
the superior direction will hold the main
track, and does not say that the superior
extra will hold main. What we want to
know is, is one extra superior to another
extra by direction ?"—H. E. B.

Answer.— We quote a part of new
Standard Code Rule 87: "Extra trains

must dear the time of regular trains

minutes unless otherwise provided and will
be governed by train order with respect to
opposing extra trains." Also a part of
Rule 88: "At meeting points between ex-
tra trains the train in the inferior time-table
direction must take the siding unless other-
wise provided."

The provisions of Rule 87 are in effect
on every single track road whether there is
a printed rule to that effect or not The re-
quirement of Rule 88 is in very general use
although this is its first appearance in the
Standard Code.

Your quotation from Rule 81 is from the
old Standard Code, and you are correct in
saying that an extra is npt a train of any
class, therefore "right by direction" does
not apply as between extras in opposite di-
rections. An extra is not required to look
out for opposing extras unless ordered to
do so. The defect in the language of old
Rule 81 is corrected in new Rule 87.

The rule you quote in regard to extras
taking siding at meeting points means the
same as new Standard Code Rule 88, that
is, the extra nmning in the direction in
which regular trains are inferior to those
of the same class will take the siding.

164. — "I would like to ask a question in
regard to a station at which the passing
siding is located like this:

. : Station

West-

East

Middle Switch
"It has been customary that when a meet-
ing point has been tpadc a£^such a station

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

411

for the inferior train to pull in at the first
switch while the superior train holds the
main line up to the last switch, or the
switch where the inferior train enters. This
is the custom when the meeting order
merely mentions the name of the station,
for instance, 'will meet at Cherry/ But if
it is desired that both trains hold the main
track to the station the order reads, *will
meet at Cherry middle switch/ Now, there
are some of our conductors and engineers
that claim that an engine receiving orders
to run extra to this station does not need
to take the first switch, but may proceed
on main track until the station is reached.
**Then there are other stations and sid-
ings arranged like this:

. : Station

West — n: 7^ East

"When meeting point is made for this
station the inferior train enters the siding
at the first switch and the superior train
holds the main line until it reaches that
switch. But there are some conductors that
claim that when an engine going west gets
orders to run extra to this station that they
have right to go up the main to the station.
Now, if a 'meet' requires an inferior train
to clear at the first switch regardless of
where the station is located we would un-
derstand that an engine receiving a run-
ning order that expires at that station
should clear at the first switch the same &6
it would on a 'meet* order.

"Suppose a work train coming from the
east receives an order to run extra to thb
station (which we will call Orchard) and
work extra between Orchard and Cherry
(the next station west), would they not
need to pull through this siding?

"The question is, when a station is men-
tioned in an order, what does it mean, the
first switch, the middle switch or the sta-
tion building? If it is the station building,
should not the train be clear of the maiit
line when that point is reached, regardless
of whether they expect to run farther or
not? You cannot always tell whether you
will run farther or not"— H. E. B.

Answer. — These inquiries bring up the
very important question of "What is a sta-
tion/' and we would call attention to the

definition of the word "Station" as given in
the Standard Code. It is this: "A place
designated on the time-table by name, at
which a train may stop for traffic; or to
enter or leave the main track; or from
which fixed signals are operated." In the
second paragraph of Rule 5, in speaking of
the time indicated at a station on the time-
table we find this: "Unless otherwise in-
dicated, the time applies to the switch
where an inferior train enters the siding;
where there is no siding it applies to the
place from which fixed signals are oper-
ated; where there is neither siding nor fix-
ed signals, it applies to the place where
traffic is received or discharged."

From these tyvo sources we see that the
word "Station" is capable of different mean-
ings according to the sense in which it is
used. The only way in which it is used in
connection with these questions is with re-
gard to meeting points between trains and
in that way we shall treat it Now, Rules
88 and 89 require the inferior train to "pull
into the siding when practicable" and Rule
90 says the superior train "must stop clear
of the switch used by the train to be met
in going in on the siding." These quota-
tions from the Standard Code indicate
plainly that when movements of trains are
concerned the "Station" is the passing sid-
ing, and, furthermore, that when an inferior
train reaches the first switch of the pass-
ing siding it has arrived at the station. It
is not entitled to the main track at the sta-
tion, only to the station, unless it has or-
ders to the contrary.

With regard to the situation at Cherry,
>our road follows the general practice, so
we believe, in the use of the passing sid-
ing. Unless otherwise specified the siding
is considered as extending between the
extreme switches. If it is intended that
only one half of the siding be used for any
particular meeting point and the inferior
train is to take the siding at the switch
nearest the station building, the fact is
stated in the train order or, if a regular
meeting point for regular trains, by a note
on the time-table.

The same general principles would apply
in the case of an extra having orders to
run extra to Cherrv. If only the station>is

412

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

mentioned the order expires at the first
switch. If it is desired that the train run
to the middle switch, the order should read,
"run extra to Cherry middle switch."

The same rule applies at Orchard. The
inferior train must take the siding at the
first switch and if a west bound extra had
running orders only to this station they ex-
pire at the east switch. The location of
the building has nothing to do with the
case. The same is true of a work extra
with orders to work between two stations.
It can use the main track only to the first
switch at each station. Your last question,
in regard to an engine nmning west and
getting an order to run extra to Orchard
and work extra between Orchard and Cherry
you have answered correctly. It would,
according to the rules, be required to pull
through the siding at Orchard. It is doubt-
ful, however, if this would be done. It is
also doubtful if a work train crew is scrup-
ulously careful to keep off the main track
at the station that marks its working limit,
but that does not alter the rule. The writer
worked under one superintendent who re-
quired that a working order should always
state which switch at the station consti-
tuted the working limit, and although that
practice is not common there is much to
recommend it

Our opinion is that the practice of a
work train using the main track at the lim-
its of its territory does not usually call for
censure and on most roads it is sanctioned,
but we would call attention to the fact that
it is not rulable and should be done with
the Greatest caution. A flagman should be
sent in the direction of approaching trains
and every measure be taken to insure
safety.

165. — "In Standard train orders does the
numbering of the orders conflict with their
meaning in any way? Take, for example,
the dispatcher issues an order that will su-
persede another order of a higher number
than ihe one itself. It looks queer, but if
the conductor dictates to the dispatcher
and he says he is numbering the orders to
suit himself, would the conductor be justi-
fied in refusing to act on the order? In
other words, arc orders numbered for any-

thing more than to just tell one order from
another?"— H. E. B.

Answer. — We never knew of an order
being issued which annulled or superseded
another of a higher number on the same
day and do not see how it could be. Rule
203 says train orders will be numbered con-
secutively each day, beginning at midnight.
This would make such a condition impos-
sible. We believe the conductor would
have pretty good reason to object. We
could not advise any definite course in case
of a controversy, however, unless we knew
all the facts.

It is, of course, possible that an order
may be issued superseding or annulling one
of the previous day, in which case the nuttt^
her could be higher, but we believe the date
of the order should be mentioned, thus:
"Order No. 87 of March 28th is annulled."

166. — "Here is a question on which we
would like your opinion. No. 10 runs from
A to Z. They leave A and become delayed
so that they are 12 hoiirs late at G and lose
their rights. Another train. No. 12, Is
due to leave G at this time, but it is run-
ning five hours late A to G. The dispatcher
starts the delayed train out of G as 1st
No. 12, but before the engineer receives his
orders and displays signals an extra comes
into G, meets No. 12 as they suppose, and
proceeds. At F the dispatcher holds the
extra up and gives them time on No. 12,
five hours late from A to G. Who would
have been responsible had No. 12 and the
extra collided between F and G?*'— M. H.

Answer. — The question is a good one
and emphasizes the importance of positive
identification when trains meet. You can-
not always tell by looking at a train
whether it is the one you expect or not.
In practically every case it is the duty of
the men on the inferior train to find out
for themselves as to the identity of the
superior train. No one is required to
offer this information (unless it be in the
case of a break-down, change of identity or
some such emergency). While it might have
been a measure of safety for the men on
the delayed train to call the attention of the
men on the extra to the fact, we should
say that the latter shotdd have obtained

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

418

positive information for itself. If G was
a register station the register should have
been examined for the arrival of No. 12.
Mistaken identity has caused a great deal of
trouble and is a matter that should be
watched with the greatest care. If an in-
ferior train is on a siding and sees a train
approaching, and it is the only train that
could fill the expected schedule, it is
usually safe to assume that it is the proper
train, but observe that this case is different
The train did not approach G as No. 12
nor did it approach on No. 12's time (un-
less it was preceded by a flagman, being
dead at that time). At any rate, the extra
did not see it approach. It simply saw it
there. It may have been no train at all,
simply an engine and some cars. Further-
more, no train had filled No. ICs schedule
and it had not been annulled. A reason-
able inference would have been that some
train had been running as No. 12 and had
died on the schedule. We think the ex-
tra was almost, if not entirely, at fault.

We cannot help but wonder why the ex-
tra did not receive help on No. 12 at G,
although that does not help the matter par-
ticularly. The dispatcher cannot be ex-
pected to give notices to trains in such
cases for the reason that the wire may fail.
Or he may have tried to send the order to
G and for some reason could not do it

Some roads require trains to exchange a
small slip or ticket when meeting, so as
to show what train it is. Others require
the crew to call out the crew of the other
train, and on still others the caboose is
equipped with an indicator showing by a
transparency what the train is. If there
it nothing better provided, men can call
out to each other as they meet, and this
would not be difficult when one train is
standing still and the other moving slowly.
The whole matter resolves itself into the
fact that an inferior train must be sure of
the superior train at the meeting point If
there is any chance for mistake make in-
quiries of the crew. Take the safe course
and run no risks.

Id7. — This section runs from A to Y.
I was on a 8d class trafn, No. 58, in su-
perior direction. I received Order No. 9

at S: '1st No. 5 will run one hour thirty
minutes late Y to A.' Also received Order
No. 10 as follows: '2d No. 5 will run two
hours and thirty minues late Y to A.' I
took the siding at V, a non-telegraph sta-
tion, to meet 1st No. 5, which went by two
hours and fifteen minutes late and never
whistled nor displayed any signals. The
dispatcher had decided to run 2d No. 5 as
2d No. 7 from Y to A on account of 2d 5
falling back behind No. 7's schedule from
Y to A. Do you think I was justified in
leaving V in the face (as I thought) of 2d
No. 5, holding an order that 2d No. 5 was
coming alohg two hours and thirty minutes
late? I might say that I refused to go as
there was a chance that the engineer on 1st
No. 5 forgot to display the signals and if
we went out and met 2d No. 6 there is not
a tribunal in the world that would not put
blame on me. If the engineer on 1st No. 5
(after hearing of the collision) just put out
those two little green flags and said he
whistled signals that would be all that
would be necessary. I refused on Rule
106."— K.

Answer. — ^This is another case where
there is no rule to govern except Rule 106,
and we should say you were justified in
taking the safe side. You should have been
notified when the arrangement with regard
to sections was changed.

168.— 'There is somewhat of a dispute in
regard to the following change of time-
table. No. 1 on the old time-table is due
out of A at 11 :05 a. m. No. 1 on the new
time-table is due out of A at 11:55 a. m.
No. I's time on the old card at B is 11 :80
a. m., at C. 11 :55 a. m. I am on an extra
at B and No. 1 of the old time-table has
passed me on time. Is it necessary for me
to get orders on No. 1 out of A on the new
time-table after No. 1 on the old time-table
has passed me at B? The question is, can
another No. 1 be run out of A on the new
time-table to C on the same date? I claim
that when No. 1 on the old time-table as-
sumes the schedule of No. 1 on the new
time-table they assume the schedule from
initial point to terminal the same as if
they had started from A on the new time-
table."-G. R S. ,

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414

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ANSWCR.~The questioner does not say
when the new time-table takes effect, but
we judge that it is between 11 :30 and 11 :^
a. m. We will assume that the change
takes place at 11 :40 a. m.

According to the "date" principle, which
is a part of the revised Standard Code
Rule 4, No. 1 on the road is authorized to
assume the schedule of the corresponding
number and date on the new time-table and
there can be no train started from A at
11:55 a. m. or at any later time that day.
The "date" principle may be explained in
this way: There can be but one train No.
1 leave A on any one day and if one such
train has left, there cannot be another, no
matter whether there is a new time-table
or not. Now, in this case, No. 1 left A at
11:05 a. m., and while it is on the road,
say at B, the new time-table takes effect
This train is authorized to take the sched-
ule of the same number and date that it
was using before the change. Supposing
this is on the 20th day of the month, it has
been running as No. 1 of the 20th and it is
entitled to continue to run as No. 1 of the
20th. Referring to the new time-table it
finds that No. 1 of the 20th is due at B,
for instance, at 12:20 p. m. It waits at
B until that time and proceeds. In regard
to No. 1 at A after the change of time-table,
there has been a train of that nimiber leav-
ing A on the 20th, the schedule has been
used for that day and no other train can
leave A as No. 1 that day. As concerns
the extra in the opposite direction, it has
met No. 1 of the 20th and is not required
to look out for any other train of that
number on that date.

The above is the meaning of the "date"
principle. It is authorized by the last re-
vision of the Standard Code but it is used
as yet on but few roads. It does not ap-
pear in the old Standard Code and if it is
the official understanding on any road still
using the old Code it is only by special
ruling, for the rule does not express it in
any form of which we know. It is probably
not in any rule except what is modeled
after the new Code.

If you are still working under the old
Code and have no special instructions to

the contrary you are simply up against the
same difficulty that Rule 4 has always pre-
sented. It authorizes the No. 1 that is on
the road to take the new schedule and run
from B and it also authorizes another train
to leave A. No other meaning can be taken
from the old rule. It is simply a defect
which was never remedied until the last
revision of the Code. If you still work
under this rule it is clearly the duty of your
superior officer to give instructions as to
what should be done under the circtmi-
stances you describe.

Both the old and the new forms of Rule
4, together with the "date" principle were
fully explained in the Journal of June and
July, 1906, and as this is a most important
matter we advise a most thorough study of
it by our readers. We believe the time is
not far distant when the "date" princi-
ple will be universally adopted and it should
be understood by all, whether in use at the
present time or not.

169.— "New time-table takes effect at 6
a. m. On the old time-table there is no
No. 6, but on the new time-table there is
a No. 6 due out of the initial point at 6
a. m. Can No. 6 run the same date that
the new time-table takes effect or must it
wait until the following date? Some claim
that it cannot run because Rule 4 says in
part: 'No train shall run on any division
until it is due to start from its initial point
on that division after the time-table takes
effect.' I claim that No. 6 can run as No.
6 the minute the time-table takes effect, or
6 a. m. the same date."— G. E. S.

Answer.— Rule 4 of the new Standard
Code reads, in part, as follows: "Each
time-table, from the moment it takes effect,
supersedes the preceding time-table and its
schedules take effect on any division (or
sub-division) at the leaving time at their
initial stations on such division (or sub-
division)." According to this we should
say that No. 6 would be due to leave im-
mediately upon the taking effect of the new
time-table.

Rule 4 of the old Standard 0>de con-
tains this provision: "A train of the new
time-table which has not the same num-
ber on the preceding, t^^-table shall not

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

415

run on any division until it is due to start
from its initial station on that division, af-
ter the time-table takes effect." Under this
rule No. 6 cannot leave until the next morn-
ing as that will be the first time it is "due
to start from its initial station on that di-
vision after the time table takes effect"

We never knew of a case like this and
it is our opinion that the situation should
be avoided by making the time-table go
into effect at a time when no question could
arise in regard to this train, say at 5:55
a. m.

170.— "Would like to have your decision
on the following order: 'Engine 151 will
run extra A to F, will meet 1st No. 91 at
£ and has right over 2d No. 91 to F.' Sup-
posing £ is a blind siding, extra 151 takes
siding and meets 1st 91. 2d 91 flags to £
on the 1st. 2d 91 displayed signals. Has
extra 151 a right to proceed from £ to F
against 3d No. 91?"— C. L. E.

Answer. — We assume that if any one
were to argue that extra 151 could proceed
to F for 3d 91 he would claim in support
that the order gave it right over the 2d and
all following sections as far as that station.
Our opinion is, however, that after it
meets the 2d section it has no further help
on the 3d. The order is intended to help
it against the 2d and when that section it
met it must be governed by the rules in
regard to all following sections. We
must keep in mind that the 3d section
may not have received the order, it being
held by the fact that it cannot pass the 2d.

This is our opinion and it is what we
have always taught, but it is one of those
questions that are not clearly answered by
the rules, and in all such cases we ad-
vise asking your own superior officer for
definite instructions as to how you should
act

171. — "Order No. 54 is issued as follows:
To C & E. Engine 31 at A: Engine 31
will run extra A to D and will protect
against extra 50 between k and B until
5:15 p. m.' This was made complete at 4:44
p. m. Order No. 55 was issued, To C. & E.
Engine 50 at B: Engine 50 will run extra
until 6:05 p. m., between B and A and will
protect agamst extra 81 south after 5:15
p. m.' This was completed at 4:45 p. m.

Extra 31 had copies of both orders but
extra 50 had only Order 55. Should extra 50
have had copy of Order No. 64? These two
trains met head on at 5:15 p. m., half way
between A and B. Both trains were with-
out protection when they collided. Who is
responsible for the wreck?"— V. C.

Answer.— If the trains met exactly at
5:15 p. m. we should say both were re-
sponsible. Extra 31 had orders to protect
until 5:15 and extra 50 to protect after 5:15.
Since extra 31 had both orders it would
look as though their responsibility were the
greater if there were any choice. It would
have been better to have sent both orders to
extra 50, though the Standard Code does
not require it.

The orders are not according to the
Standard Code. We presume extra 50 was
a work extra, though the order does not
say so. There is no other form requiring
an extra to protect until a certain time, al-
though we do not know as such an order is
forbidden. All the forms relating to protec-
tion are to be effective after the time speci-
fied.

The revised Code requires all work trains
to protect against extras in both directions
unless especially relieved from so doing by
the terms of the order. From this it seems
evident that the orders are not patterned
after it If patterned after the old Code
there is still the deviation from the rule in
the use of the word "until." It would be
interesting to know what excuse the crews
made at the investigation. Did extra 31
overlook or mistake the meaning of the
word "until?"

172. — "Recently we received the following
order on our division, which is entirely
double track. *No. 2 will use west bound
track H to C with right over all west
bound trains.' We were an extra west
bound, and got this order at C, and by con-
sulting time-table we found that we had
ample time to proceed to E and clear No.
2's time. But the conductor treated it as a
holding order claiming that No. 2 has
neither right, class, direction nor time shown
on the west bound track. If it has not
where is there a rule that says No. 2 shall
not carry white signals on this track? The
train arrived without signals, displayed and
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416

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

we proceeded without a clearance. Is that
correct?"— L. R P.

Answer. — Not knowing what the rules
require on the road from which the ques-
tion came it is difficult to give an answer
on any good authority. The order is not
according to the Standard Code form so it
is not certain that the Code is in use on
that road.

If there were no rules to the contrary
it would be a natural inference that the
extra could go to E for No. 2 if it could
make that station and clear its time. But
the Standard Code explanation under Form
R (which is the one intended to authorize
such a move) would not justify this under-
standing. D-Form R gives this example:
"No 1 has right over opposing trains on
No. 2 (or eastward track) C to F." This
means the same as the form indicated in
the question and in itself would seem to
warrant the understanding we have men-
tioned» but the explanation is as follows:
"A train must not be moved against the
current of traffic until the track on which it
is to run has been cleared of opposing
trains. Under this order the designated
train must use the track specified between
the points named and has right over oppos*
ing trains on that track between those
points. Opposing trains must not leave the
point last named until the designated train
arrives." Note that the track mentioned in
the order must be "cleared of opposing
trams" before the train can move, also that

"opposing trains must not leave the point
last named until the designated train ar*
rives." Now, if these niles are in use they
would mean that the extra cannot leave C
until No. 2 reaches there.

Oir opinion is that the Standard Code
rules were formed on the assumption that
the order would be used only to move a
train from one crossover to the next, in
which case they would be properly worded,
but if the order is made to include several
stations, as it does in this question, it does
not provide for an inferior train in the
opposite direction making any point be-
tween those mentioned in the order. Ac-
cording to the Standard Code the conduc-
tor was right, but acording to a common
sense view we should say he was wrong.

As to No. 2 being considered an extra
when running on the wrong track and dis-
playing white signals, the rules do not in-
timate anything of the kind. The form of
order certainly considers that it is still No.
2 and we do not know why it should not
be bound to observe its schedule on the op-
posite track as well as on its own. Rule
D-151 says that trains must keep to the
right unless otherwise provided, but it does
not say anything about their losing right
or class if it is so provided.

This is a good question and we shall try
and find out what this form of order is
intended to mean. Can any reader of the
Journal give us more light?

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TlMra U BO ttM lilt.

8«b4 aJI raiBltteBoaa for mibMrlpUoBs to the Grftnd Oeoretary and Tte—arw. 8m 8«oilOB 10 OonsUtolioa. Or«iid
Lode*.

Litton tor this department m«at bewrtiten on one tide of paper only, written with ink and mwt be at tbeoAoe
not later than the 12th of the month to inenre insertion in the eorrent nnmber .

All olumcee of addrem, oommnnioationa pertaining to the Jonmal, eto., ahonld be aent to the Sdltor. Do not tend
reM^oUona.

When the Joomal doee not reaoh yon, immediately give oe yonr name, eorreot addrees and the nnmber of your
Lodge.

Canal Zone.

As I believe that the conditions here are not
known or understood, I will try and ^plain the
conditions that have come up lately.

A short time ago a bulletin, signea by Mr. J. K.
Stevens, as Chief of Isthmus Canal Affairs, was
posted, which abridged the conditions promised in
the provisional appointment given to the engineers,
conductors, trainmen, steamshovel men, and in
fact all gold men. This bnUetin caused much dis-
content and a demand was made by the steam-
shovel men that it be withdrawn. This was re-
fused and a bulletin posted, slightly modifying the
former one. The steamshovel men also demanded
more money; they were told to wait until the
first week in April, when Secretary Taft would be
here with full power to treat with the men. As I
understand it, the matter rest* there.

The engineers drew up a new schedule regard-
ing pay demanded— $210 per month; present rate
$180. They have delivered the committee their
written resignationa to take effect if the demand is
not granted.

The conductors have done the same, the demand
being $210 per month; present rate $170, but also
ask for over time after eight hours and for Sun-
day. The impression here is that the demand will
be granted. This move is not made as members
of the O. R. C. or the B. of R. T., but as mem-
bers of the Panama Conductors and Panama En-
gineers and is 100 per cent strong. On this issue
they are together.

The trainmen here have also a local order; just
how strong it is I do not know, and they are get-
ting together, and I understand they intend to
ask for $160 per month with the same conditions
regarding over time and Sundays as the conduc-
tors. Their weak point is that they did not get
together in time to get the engineers' and con-
ductors' schedule to contain any mention of white
trainmen. The Panama railroad has never had
ny white trainmen on their traina and the Panama
railroad is being covered by the prospective sched-
ule as well as the Isthmus Canal road. The latter
have one, and sometimes two, trainmen on their

trains. If the eondnctort and engineers get an in-
crease, the trainmen probably will get it too, as an
act of fairness but, without the conductors and
engmeers' schedule containing a demand for white
trainmen, it can be pointed out by the powers that
be, that, as the Panama railroad does not need
them and does not use them, and as the Mexican
roads do not use them, they can be done away
with on the lathmus. You see, I am trying to
^how as nearly as I can, the conditions as they
are and, as I presume, they will be looked at by
those in authority.

The working conditions of the Canal Commission
provide quarters which are fair; the great trouble
in single quarters is during the rainy season, soon
to commence and to last nine months, during
which time there is no way to dry wet clothing.
There is no fire place or drying arrangement in
any of the single quarters. The quarters are free,
but a man needs sheets, pillow slips, blanket and
quilts. There is hardly any place to eat except at
the hotels run by the commission. The food stuffs
are fair, but nearly all the ccoks are negroes and
the food is simply ruined by them.

Washing is done by negro women, and the
clothing is either stolen or ruined. (They pound it
on a rock with a paddle.) The married quarters
are fair« but it is no place to bring a wife or
children. The schools are full of negro children
and on most points of the Isthmus there are no
white children at all. So a child would lose the
school terms of each year here. And, brother* it
is the best country I know to keep your wife
out of.

So, in view of the disturbed state of affairs
here, it behooves every Brotherhood man to keep
away from here. Keep away from the Isthmus of
Panama t

Express Messengers.

Please advise how the express messengers work-
ing for the Canadian Express Company, which is
owned and operated by the Grand Trunk Railroad
Company, and the express messengers working

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418

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

for the Dominion Express Company, owned and
operated by the Canadian Pacific Railroad Com-
pany, are to organize and become a recognized
brotherhood, or to become members of the B. of
R. T.?

At present their grievances are great and many.
Any member of the B. of R. T. who is acquainted
with their surroundings knows they are over-
worked and underpaid. There is no system of
promotion and no limit of duties.

The problem would be solved if they were al-
lowed to become members of the B. of R. T., or
be protected by that body.

The messengers cannot organize, as they are
dismissed from the service of their company for
even talking on the subject.

Cannot you recommend through the columns of
your paper an experienced organizer who will see
this matter through? It should be an easy task
to carry out successfuUy, with the assistance of
the B. of R. T., and the right man to engineer
affairs.

At present nearly every messenger who values his
position is afraid to speak to his closest friend on
this subject for fear of the consequences should
his company hear of it If you will enlighten the
express messengers through your valued publica-
tion, it is hoped some leader will see their cause
looked after with pleasing results.
Very truly yours,

EXPKSSS MlSSBNGXl.

Toronto, Ontario.

Boston, Mass.

Lodge No. 97 is doing very nicely and is able
to report everything getting along in a satisfac-
tory manner. In reading the Joukmal I cannot but
notice that the majority of correspondents express
the most sad and discontented views of everything
in general, as they appear to the writers.

It seems to me that with the vast strides our
organization has made in the past few years, we
might sometimes in our letters proclaim to the
world how thankful we are that we have an or-
ganization like the Brotherhood to be our guiding
star, and to encompass us with its protection and
beneficence*

We believe that we stand second to no other
labor organization in the field, and, while we are
prospering, let us not be unmindful of the means
that have been the instruments for the results
attained. I believe it is wrong to feel that we
are always getting the rough side of life. The
potted plant that stands in my window will always
turn its face away from the darkness toward the
light; turn it as often as we will, it vrill always
turn to the brighter side of nature and lift its
face upward toward the sun.

I think we ought to notice this natural disposi-
tion and try to profit from the example set, and
turn our faces toward the bright, the cheerful and
the sunshine. There is more virtue in one sun-
beam than in a whole world of cloud and gloom. I
feel that the many references familiar to the pub-
lic prints, in which the leaders of labor organiza-
tions are unfairly criticized and condemned should

not be taken seriously by the men who make up
these organizations. I believe when the officer
is doing the right thing that he should be com-
mended at the time for his work.

It is not very encouraging for any organization
officer to do his best, under the circumstances, and
receive the continued criticism of every one. The
following bit of sentiment, I think, could well be
adapted in this sense to the average man who is
giving his time toward bettering the condition of
the wage workers, and I think the advice con-
tained therein should not be lost.

Speak not of him sweet words of praise
When he has passed away.
But if his life deserves such words,
Give him those words today.

They cannot charm the ear of death.
Then praise him while he'll stay.
If his poor life deserves such praise.
Then give it him today.

Bring not bright flowers when he is gone,

To lay upon his bier.

But with thy sympathy come now

To soothe the sigh and tear.

Erect no marble shaft where rests
His silent sleeping dust.
But let him now, while heart can feel,
He is worthy of our trust.

One word of kindness now is worth
Ten thousand when he's dead.
Then keep them not til] he is gone.
But speak them now instead.

If o'er his life dark shadows fall
And you should light his way.
Don't wait till all his years have fled,
But bring good cheer today.

If you would honor, do it now.
And praise him while you may.
Tomorrow may not find him hcre«
Then bring good cheer today.
(Signed)

CONTSNTBD.

Wants To Go Backward Five Years.

We brothers down East are not pleased with
the makeup of the Jouknal. It is a very distant
organ from what it was a few years ago. I have
followed it for some years and I find a big change,
and I can't say for the better. As a rule your first
twelve or fifteen pages are based on facts relating
to foreign countries or nations, something in which
we brothers don't care to interest ourselves very
much, as we are not making laws for the country,
and we can't dictate very much to the law makers,
but we feel it our duty to ask you to give us a
little more of a railroad man's life than so much
of the foreign element that you refer to in the
last year or two. I am sure there is not a brother
in our Order who would not prefer to see the pic-
ture of a Brotherliood crew, eilfid'^ia yard or
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 4l9

train senrice, than to have pictures from tome dit* and the awful avalanche of wickedness that threats
tant nation we never expect to see or realize any ens our destiny will end when employer and em-
benefit. You have taken out the Directory, or at ploye put into principles taught by Jesus. In a
least it is quarterly. I beUeve it should be month- labor meeting in New York City a big husky,
ly. It is very essential and it is something all of broad-chested man leaped upon a chair and shouted,
our brothers are asking about The Joukmal is 'Boys, I propose three cheers for Jesus Christ 1
calculated to be of interest to our trainmen. All I proposed three cheers for his imperial majesty,
we ask of you is to put the Jovemal back on the the man with the dinner pail!'
same basis it was five years ago and you will meet '*I am willing to take the platform in behalf of
with the approval of nine-tenths of the lodges in the rights of workingmen. No man ever came to
our Order. We love to see pictures of our broth- Kewanee who is more in sympathy with the labor
ers or read about them. So« if you will kindly unions than I."

give us more home talent and less of the foreign j. A. Cokbs,

matter you will confer a favor on your brothers Financier No. 734.

here. Fraternally,

GlOBQI Sisco,

Secretary No. 14. Highland Park, 111.

, o'j ^^* following donations have been received at

What A Minister Said. the Home for the month of March:

The attached b a copy of a comment on a ser- ^ g^^^* ^;^

mon recently delivered by the Rev. W. A. Sunday, gg 2.50 888 10.00

, . .. _ .„ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^

818 10.00 897 18.00

824 2.00 466 18.00

840 2.00 478 6.00

at Kewanee, 111. I think it is a splendid ex
pression in favor of the union label and labor or-
ganization. After showing the label on his coat,
he said:

••That is the union label, the emblem of purity, ^^^ ^^ ^g^ ^^^

and no merchant can sell me a garment that does ^ 6 00 681 C 40

not bear the label. All religious people should de<
mand it. If you had visited the sweatshops and
tenement houses of the large cities and witnessed
the conditions, as I have done, you would not let a
merchant sell you anything else. In many instances
the entire family are compelled to work at star-
vation wages, and eat, cook and sleep in one
room, which breeds disease and endangers the life

864 10.00 604 5.00

Total $139.S0

Summary.

O. R. C. Divisions $239.07

B. R. T. Lodges 188.90

B. L. E. Divisions 188.00

of the pubUc, all for the greed of gold. ^' L. F. and E. Lodges 60.90

"Never have I been in a town where for the G. L A. Divisions 18.25

same length of time I have learned to love the L- A. C. Divisions 81.70

people as I have in Kewanee. Never have I been J»me» Costcllo. No. 270, O. R. C 1.00

more kindly treated. I have met all daases from Alfred S. Lunt, No. 466, B. R. T 1.00

the workingman down to the bankers. We are be- J- C. Wood. No. 664, B. R. T 1.00

ginning to appreciate how much we are indebted Members of No. 1. B. L. E 8.00

to the man with the dinner paU. My sympathies Etta Reidy, No. 4. L. A. T 1.00

are with the Ubor unions. Had it not been for J. J- Ferdinand, No. 671, B. R. T 10.00

them men would have been working for starvation Members of No. 464. B. L. F. and E 19.b0

wages today. Certainly they have the right to

unite so that they won't have to live below the Total $699.88

starvation line. The church must never lose Miscellaneous.

sympathy with the man who toils. If it does I Box of books and clothing from W. R. Ober, No.

will leave it. Greed for gain and power liave 876, B. R. T.

blinded men to the old-time principles of Uove for Box of tobacco, pipes, handkerchiefs and socks,

your neighbor.' Too often business consists in No. 18, L. A. T.

getting all you can and keeping out of the peni- Respectfully submitted,

tentiary. So often some fellow will pay $6,000 John O'Ksbpb,

for a dog and give some woman 60 cents a dozen Secretary and Treasurer.

to make shirts waists, and little children will sit

pulling out basting thread so that ma can carry ^ _, j tir ^ u t?

home 16 cento more when night comes. That's the Ten ThOUSand WatCfteS l^or

reason I buy my clothes from those who pay the Subscriptions.

union scale of wages. There are too many who

have substituted the penal code for the moral law. We can get all we need of them and, therefore.

We have seen men who have been trusted implic- you may earn as many as you like. The factory

itly hi positions of honor become reckless specu- will be enlarged if necessary to fiU our orders,

lators with the savings of the poor. Men are be- The goods are guaranteed to be just as we have

ginning to recognize that if civic righteousness is represented them and we stand b^nd every ar*

to prevail, graft in high places is to be checked tide we offer. Digitized by VjOOQIC

420 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Our brothen and their famiUe« are urged to get men and yard men. It is a change which nine out
subacriptiona for the Jovkmai^ of every ten yard men would welcome with de-

Our prize offers are of the best. Our watches light, and which the majority of road men would
are among the best on th« market and sell for hail with shouts of joy. It is a change which
$60.00, $36.00 and $80.00 and our commissions would, in a short time, add thousands to our mem-
offered throng them run from 100 to 60 per cent, bership. It would mean almost immediate disrupt-
which is about as high as can well be paid for ment of our so^alled rival,
any kind of agency work. I am but one of the 26,000 yard men holding

We do not want our brothera to ask their friends membership in the B. R. T., but I venture to say
to subscribe for this Jovkmal by putting up a that the wish I am about to express will find its
plea for charity. There is no charity about it. twin within the breast of at least 20,000 of the
We contract to give a dollar's worth of goods above number.

for the dollar paid for subscripUon. We want i ^ish that the AtUnU Convention would pass
every business and professional man to know ^ j^^ that would force the separation of the ro«l
something of thU organizaUon and we beUeve that .nd yard men, and the organisation, into separate
if they will read the joumal they can gain the lodges, of these two classes of employes. Let eadi
information desired as well as much other useful ha^e their own lodge room and all other privileges
economic education that will not hurt them any. of membership and have as distinct a being as

You advise Mr. Businessman that the TiAm- ipi ,nd 128 ai\d yet, like those two lodges, be
MSN's JouKNAL is s business proposition with you, under the control of the same Grand Lodge Offi-
and him, just as he will teU you that what he cers. This obtaina in a measure at present, but it
wants to sell you is. He would not think of j. like the average hundred-weight of ice, it ia too
denying a hearing to a solicitor for other business, short a measure to give entire satisfaction,
not by a long shot. If he does not want the There should be receipto of one color for the
JowaiiAi, we do not want him to have it. but if y^d men and another color for the road men.
he can be persuaded to take it as he takes other Esch should have separate grievance men and au-
publications we want him to have it and we hope thority to handle their troublea to suit themselves,
our brothers wiU not let him get away without the (Receipts should be of different colors to prevent
^'^'^^^ confusion.) A yard man should not be allowed

Send for subscription blanks and receipt book, to join a road man's lodge and vice versa. Yard
look over the list of prises in the advertising men should be required to join a yard man's lodge
pages and tiien get to work, make a Uttie easy ,^,re,t to tiie point at which he U employed at
over time, and put the Jovenal where it will do the time of maldng application for admission to
the most good for your Brotherhood. membership by either card or initiation. Road men

Ladies are particuUrly asked to help. Our ,||onid be governed in the same manner. The secret

Queen Watch is a beauty. You can easily get one. ^ork. ritual, etc, should be alike for both road

"~~~~~^^~'~~~~ and yard men.

Milwaukee Wis. -^ ^ ^^ organisation of these new lodges and

.i.._ * how it is to be brought about, I offer the fol-

The time is rapidly approaching, when for a short lowing:
time, you wiU be hobnobbing witii tiie Grand Offi- Where the two daases are represented the class
cers and exchanging ideas and thoughto with other having the minority of membership shall withdraw
master-minds of this organisation. You wiU have •"<* organise a new lodge, providfaig there are not
this opportunity at the Convention. And while you *«" **"^ ^^ members voting to so organise. In
are tiierc what will you endeavor to do for tiie ^^r «^^«n* ^^ *«"e not to hold membership in
Brotherhood? The chances are tiiat you will feel **»«>«' o'^ ^^>^> *>*»* «"«* organise one of their
you have done your duty nobly if you even get o*^n o' ^ transferred to tiie nearest lodge repre-
your name on the minutes as a supporter of one of "cnting tiieir class. Where membership of each
the almost unending number of motions. Even at «^*" *» «»"*J **»«» ^ y*'<J ««" »'»«^ witiidraw
that you will have accomplished a great deal. Your *"<* *^^^ ^« '0«<1 «»«« ^ «*»>» ^^ ^^9^ property,
vote and the use of your brain U what we expect «^«- I" **»^ ca^ »*>« 0^*^ ^*>^ should pay the
during the Convention. If those two valuable as- <»^ <*^ ^^ organising of tixe new lodge, charter
sets are properly divided great good wUl result ^^ excepted, which, when the number of mem-
This Organization has grown so large tiiat a mis- *>«* transferred shaU be less than fifteen, b to
step made at Atlanta might seriously jeopardize ^ remitted by Grand Lodge. (Kind of jumbled,
the welfare of this Brotiierhood. It obviously fol- ^^ *U tiiere.)

lows that in haste lies the greatest danger that the About the only objection to thia plan is that of
coming Convention may not result in the "greatest "additional expense" for conventions,
good to tiie greatest number." (By tiiat last Let me teU you, tiie additional expense wiU be
"greatest" I mean the B. of R. T., for tiiey are so small hi comparison with the increased satisfac-
certainly the greatest) But the B. R. T. can be tion and membership that it is unworthy of being
made greater tiian it now is. taken into consideration. If you only knew about

To bring about this highly desirable sUte of all this rag chewing among the switchmen aU over
affairs we must mske material changes in our the country. By allowing the field to be occupied
1*^"^ by two organizations when there should be but one

One of the changes for which there is an urgent is almost criminaL Is there anything, I ask you,
demand is one regarding the separation of the road which ia handier to have around in case of a atrike

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

421

than the maimoaky of one labor organisation toward
another? It It not handy for the man that works,
is it? Not on your lifel Why should we have two
when one could do the business?

The Switchmen's Union experienced a growth of
one thousand members last year» and they are twice
as rabid as they are numerically strong. You can
put a sudden stop to that growth. Brother Dele-
gate, if you will adopt the plan herein expressed
as your guiding star at Atlanta. Don't forget it,
now. Go out as soon as you read all you want to
of this and make inquiries. Find out what is
wanted and needed by the men you are to repre-
sent Don't go down there with your head as
empty of ideas as the jug that used to hold the
whiskey; go prepared to talk to men who have
made a study of what is and what is not good for
this Order. You alone may not be able to get this
wish of mine (and I hope it is also yours) before
the Conrention assembled. If you fail in getting
favorable resolutions passed the first time you try,
get help and return to the fray. (I would suggest
that you look up a few delegates that are switch-
men, if you are a switchman, or roadman delegates,
if you are "on the road.")

Whatever you do, don't you dare come back and
teU us ''it can't be did."

If you can see beyond the end of your own nose
you win do all you can to make my wish come true.
It will help your Organization to more nearly ap-
proach its obvious mission on earth, eliminate for-
ever a great deal of this deplorable distrust and
turmoil in the yards, this back-biting and under-
hand work in high places and forever do away with
the possibility of there ever again arising the ques-
tion as to "who got the raise."

Let us have peace. If you want honorable peace,
peace without loss of dignity, peace that will be as
lasting as the sun, just put in all the time yon can
spare working to "make my dream come true."
WiLPKBD Harbis,
MsMBia No. 1»1.

Wage Increases — Shorter Day.

The western wage increase and shorter day
movement has passed into history. The leaders
showed they possessed the qualities that distin-
guished the real leader, and have, in the past, won
the confidence of the men. Their constituents are,
as a rule, conservative men, and they would not
have placed the unanimous authority to call and
sanction a strike on one-half the railroad mileage
of this country in the hands of these leaders, had
the latter not been in possession of the full confi-
dence of the rank and file, and, deservedly so.

The train Orders are not only performing the
functions of measurable protection like all unions
should and do for their own members, but are
promoting in the non-partisan political field those
inherent and fundamental principles that will
finally near a dvHixation built on the parliament
of man — the federation of the world.

Our representatives fought nobly. But the
fruition of the hope of our more intelligent mem-
bers was destined apparently to fail. Conditions
were, In some respects, nnfaTorable.

There was no difference between tUs movement
and former movements, but in degree, except in
the request for the shorter day. It roilly accom-
plishes but little, if anything, of permanent value.

The constantly increasing cost of the living ne-
cessities will soon swallow the increases secured.
In other words, the fixed number of dollars the
wage and salary earner get will very quickly fail
to pay for the present standard of living. We will
then be stranded again right where we were,
namely, our wages insufficient and fixed below the
cost of living expense, with our only alternative,
except we repeat the late struggle, a cutting out,
first one, then another, of the necessities, etc, etc.

These wage struggles can be compared, in effect-
ive prominency, to the man who tried to lift him-
self over a fence by lifting with all bis might on
his boot straps. Wage increase means mort than
an equivalent increase in the cost of living.

There will be great benefit derived from a shorter
day, however, to reduce the hours of toil from ten
to eight simply means thst where* formerly, four
men were employed, that thereafter five men would
be at work; where four thousand men were receiv-
ing wages, five thousand would be in receipt of
wages henceforth.

The increased cost to the employer in paying
five men, where before he paid wages to but four
men, would inevitably be charged to the cost of the
goods, and with interest and dividend charges,
always greater in ratio than increase in wage co9t,
the cost of living would soon soar way beyond the
purchasing power of the old wages to maintain the
old standard of living, and, ones more, by a difFtr-
ent route, yet by the operation of the same immu-
table economic principle, the wage-earner must
make the old, old, nerve-racking stnaggle for an-
other increase in wages if he hopes to keep body
and soul together.

* The short day ianytking, less than now, prevails)
contains one value that no wage-earner should lose
sight of, namely, it sefs tht idU man to work, re-
moving him from the ranks of the professional, or
the involuntary strike-breaker. Organized labor
should bend every nerve politically and industrially
to reduce the daily hours of labor, if for no other
purpose than to remove the idU man from the labor
market The idU man is the one great menace that
defeats organized labor in its struggles vrith or-
ganized capital. It is up to organized labor to re-
move this idle man, by enforcing the adoption of
the eight-hour day, everjrwhere. Self-preservation
of organized labor absolutely requires the adoption
of the eight-hour day.

No one but the rank and file in the labor field
can ever hope to reduce the hours of labor to eight
per day. The leaders may advocate its adoption
until dooms-day, without effect Unless the idea
permeates the rank and file and becomes a convic-
tion with them, the eight-hour day will be forever
an iridescent dream.

The writer asks all members of organized labor
to always advocate and support every public owner-
ship movement Its opponents always seek to
arouse our prejudice against it by dishonest argu-
ments. They teU us the municipality, state or
federal government cannot own and operate Indus-

422

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

trills as cheaply as private individuals can. This
claim is untrue. Suppose the posul department
was operated by private corporate methods. In
addition to payment of the present wages, and
maintenance, the corporation would insist on earn-
ing not less than 80 or 40 per cent on an honest
capitalization, or at least 8 per cent on a capital,
inflated three or four fold. Most people appear to
think the only costs in the operation of an industry
are wages and maintenance of plant. Now if the
public pays for wages and maintenance of plant
when it buys the goods produced by the plant,
pray, does the public not pay the big dividends
also? If not, who does?

Let every intelligent man trust and advocate pub-
lic ownership, and, when once secured, watch and
praise or criticize those public bodies and oflKcers
charged with managing the plants. There has al-
ways been tremendous graft in prwate industries.
Let us not grow hysterical when a little crops out
in publicly-owned and operated industries, as it did
two or three years ago in the postoffice department.
The extent of the graft at that time amounted to
a couple of hundred thousand dollars. The total
business transacted by the postoffice department is
between one and two hundred millions annually,
making the steal look like about thirty cents. Com-
pare this postal steal of $200,000 with the SUnd-
ard Oil annual dividend graft of forty-eight to
sixty million dollars on a capital of less than one
hundred million dollars.

The Carnegie steel trust annual dividend steal
is six hundred and fifty million dollars on an
actual capital of less than three hundred million
dollars invested.

The oil and steel plants, publicly owned and
operated would cost the consumers only wages of
employes and maintenance of plant. The hundreds
of millions now paid the already over-rich Rocke-
feller, Carnegie, et al. sanctimonious crowd could
then stay where it belongs, namely, in the pockets,
of those who must buy oil and steel.

We should also bear in mind that every time we
place a plant under the people's ownership and
operation, we are reducing, by just that much, the
power of the trust to filch from and rob both the
wage-earner and the consuming public. And we
are helping to destroy the arch fiend of all repub-
lics and industrial freedom when we remove the
source from which our present oligarchy and ab-
sorbants of predatory wealth gain their measured
booty, when we advocate, and finally by law, place
the trust-owned plant under public ownership and
operate it for all.

Great Britain and Eastern Europe have most
of their water, light and traction plants and many
other utilities under public ownership and opera-
tion, and in consequence they are free from the
corruption so universal in American cities.

Some day American cities will be free from graft
and the grafter. It will be when we have com-
plied with the natural law that governs, that un-
derlies the eternal law, namely, when we have
placed public utilities and all private monopolies
under the ownership and operation of the people.
May the movement soon set in.

CXTXZXN.

There Is No Turning Back.

"Let timid sailors homeward fare.

Let fearsome prophets cry "alack I"
When captains of high purpose dare,
' There is no turning back.'*

The evolution of the industrial system in that
territory covered by the Brotherhood is constantly
creating conditions that put to test the courage and
stability of its management that could hardly be
conceived of when our craft first set sail on the
industrial sea.

The frequency of strained negotiations in the
adjustment of wages and general conditions re-
sulting to the satisfaction of the railroads and
their employes by the grievance committees and
Grand Lodge officers of the Brotherhood of late
are indeed very gratifying. Hardly a week goes
by but the press makes some comment on what is
going on in different parts of the country telling
in large headlines about the "threatened tie-up,*'
etc., when our committees are negotiating with
some system, but when the finish is reached both
parties, as a rule, are quite peaceful, better ac-
quainted and glad to have had the advantage of
settling their differences in a business-like jvay and
the predictions of the newspapers all fall flat.

Some of the most stubborn opponents of the
labor movement have, within the last few years,
been brought to a realization of the mistake in
treating the employe where matters concerning the
conditions of labor are involved in an aggressive
manner and the Brotherhood can number a few of
them on the long list of its friendly employers of
our craft

The information so cheerfully imparted by the
foes of labor who especially have a material in-
terest at stake, telling all about the destructive
qualities of the labor organizations and their retro-
active efforts upon the industrial conditions are
not very well borne out in the face of the present
prosperous conditions for both employer and em-
ploye. And the peculiar feature about it is the
best conditions prevail where the employes are
organized best. This ought to be convincing
enough to the most biased mind against the labor
organization.

While the Brotherhood is enjoying the advantage
of dealing with a great many railroads in bringing
about more favorable conditions for its members
the questbn naturally arises, to what port are these
conditions leading us? Where there is such a friendly
disposition to deal fairly with employes as has been
shown by many of the railroad companies it should
be borne in mind that every member employed by
a railroad disposed to deal with him through the
Brotherhood should strive at all times to render
good service. The day for men who try to shirk
every possible duty assigned to them is in its pass-
ing stage and the industrial world offers many in-
ducements to the man who performs his duties
well. Good service will surely reduce the differ-
ences between employer and employe much more
than any other known method, and though the
conditions at times are of a disagreeable nature,
before the proper relations are

Digitized by ^

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 423

can be but very little benefit, if any, derived from left another state to avoid the payment of hit

a dijtposition to shirk. just debts. This is work that properly belongs to

"The man afraid of work must be brave enough the legal department,

to face poverty." In the matter of framing up contracts and

To the one who is following the development of scales of wages the legal department could be of

transportation in our industrial system some great great value to the Order. It in general would have

changes are in store to take place within the next a tendency to make things more prompt and secure

few years. Already electricity, in some places, has more attention to grievances. These facts I have

been substituted for steam as a motive power and noticed in my business, and I now suggest them

the results seem to be quite satisfactory. here. They show of what benefit a legal depart-

It is not so many years ago when railroad men ment would be to to the Order as a whole,
scorned the idea of carrying on the work by elec- The insurance end of the Order could be helped
tricity as it is being done today and it is only rea* somewhat also. It would be the duty of the legal
sonable to expect much greater results within a department to visit the sick brother, ascertain his
short time for, apparently, the evolution of elec- real condition, and if he had a valid claim assist
tricity has passed the stage of experiment. With him in having same adjusted; if the claim be not
the perfection of this power new lines will be a valid one it would be the duty of the legal de-
controlled for the handling of passenger and partment to so notify the Order,
freight traffic separately where practical; Now as to method of maintenance of this branch
routes so laid out as to cut down the time and dis- of the Order. This could be accomplished by as-
tance greatly for trans-continental business which sessments of a small amount per member per year;
would entail many changes in services now cov- this to be used as an expense fund payable to the
ered by our members. Great are the possibilities Grand Lodge and to be used for the expense inci-
contained in the power of our modem railroad dent to getting out briefs, books, etc., the payment
managers these times, but up to date we have pro- of the salary of the general attorney and the
duced their peer, and the future will find us: salary of the attorney of which there shall be at
"When capUlns ot High purpose dare, !«««* one in each town where there are one or
There is no turning back." ^^^^ ^^^ lodges. The toUl assessment fee to be
Prrn 0*Hiin. "^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ seventy-five cents per member.

There should be three divisions made of the

lodges of the Brotherhood, a Central, Eastern and

A Legal Department, Western, with one general attorney for each divis-

ion. Then there should be a local attorney in

I have noticed that the greater part of claims each town where there is one or more lodges, these

against railroads are made by the employes them- attorneys to take care of all local matters of the

selves, and that they arc often forced to accept lodges, call on the general attorney of their divis-

settkmenU that are inadequate and unjust because >on when same shall be necessary and to receive a

their living depends upon their being employed salary commensurate with the number of members

and they cannot afford to antagonize their em- in the local lodge and the amount of work done,

ployers (the railroads). Now if these claims were These suggestions, which have gone into detail,

properly presented to the railroads by the lodge ^r^ offered for such disposition as the Brotherhood

attorney there is less likelihood of the roads at- may see fit. Any further information will be

tempting to dictate terms of settlement that are gladly given. If these suggestions meet with ap-

insiifficient or unjust. proval I will feel that I have been of some service

The number of illegal garnishments that are filed ^o *he Brotherhood,

against railroad employes would render the ser- Fraternally yours,

vices of the lodge attorney of no little moment. Anthony P. Fonda,

Whenever a member of the lodge was garnisheed Lodge No. 281.

he could take the matter up with the lodge attor- »___^-^««___
ney and he (the attorney) could often have the

garnishment dismissed or at least affect a better The Prevention of TuberculoSlS.

settlement than the defendant could should he at- *—

tempt a settlement without the advice of counsel. For three years and more the trade unions have

The assignment of outlawed claims and the filing been coming in on the fight against consumption

of illegal writs of garnishment have been a pro- and now this year in New York City we find them

lific cause of annoyance and loss to railroad men, joining forces with us stronger than ever and in

making tramps out of good men oftentimes, for a way which is bound to have considerable effect

the reason that they are garnisheed on some claim on this great problem of the prevention of this

before they have had an opportunity to arrange terrible but preventable disease. In place of ignor-

matters so that they could meet their obligations, ance and indifference, at the present rate we shall

There are many instances where the men have have a public which knows that consumption can

been the cause of their own troubles, but this is be prevented, that it can be cured and that it is

not altogether so. foolish and worse to put off an honest and real

The garnishment laws should be amended to attempt to get well; that "aure cures'* for con-
read that a man working for a living could not be simiption are merely methods of obtaining money
garnisheed until he had been in the state for at under false pretenses, that consumption is catised
least one year, unless it could be proved that he by a germ, and that it is courting death to allc^

424

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

a consomptiTe who will not take care of hia germ-
laden aptttum to apit on the floor of one'a ahop or
home. Hiese thinga we are getting before the
uniona of thia city by meana of abort talka, many
of them iUuatrated with stereopticon viewa.

Thia meana that the aacrifice of over 10,000
Uvea to thia preventable diaeaae which we lee
going on in New York City every year ia to be
atopped, that the trade uniona of that city are
going to uphold the handa of the public authori-
tiea in their attempt to atamp out conaumption
and that there will be in the future a more vigor-
oua and determined demand for thorough-going
factory, tenement-houae and Board of Health
regulationa.

But we cannot be aiitiafied with what ia being
done. After all and in apite of the membera who
have given ua a hearing far more uniona are on
the other aide and have atill not reaponded to our
requeat for permiaaion to addreaa them. We want
to have extended to ua the privilege of the floor
by every aingle union in thia city. We will
fumiah a apeaker in any language deaired, and
where our lantern ia not in uae at other lecturea
we wiU iUuatrate our talka with atereopticon
viewa, all entirely at our own expenae. It ia to
the uniona' own intereat to learn of thia prevent-
able diaeaae that at preaent ia cauaing them far
more loaa in membera' Uvea and union funda than
any other one cauae. A letter to the underaigned,
giving date and hour at which our committee may
appear wiU receive prompt attention.
Youra very truly,

Paul Ksnmbdy, Secretary,
Comm. on the Prevention of Tuberculoaia,
106 Eaat 22nd St., N. Y. City.

A Proposition of Interest.

I quite frequently read of some unfortunate ap-
pealing to our Brotherhood for protection ao aa to
enable him to aecure a aalary that wiU aaaiat him
in providing for the loved onea at home. Brothera,
I sympathize with you, and I more than aympa-
thixe with those that have been overcome with
miafortune and who are daily atruggUng for exist-
ence on a pittance. My heart goea out for the
brothera who are today in the prime of Ufe, bleased
with health and atrength and having the uae of
both anna and limba, but who so thoughtlessly
fail to realize what the future may have in atore
for them. At our laat Convention the queation of
allowing awitch tendera to become eligible for
memberahip in our Brotherhood waa voted on and
defeated, apparently the majority thinking only
of their prosperity and e3q>ecting the future to be
aa proaperoua aa the paat I venture to aay that
if the delegatea who attended our laat Convention,
and who were not in favor of thia propoaition,
were to anawer the roll-call today, many would be
preaent with tiie empty aleeve and their occupa-
tion would be awitch tender. I appeal to you to
give thia important aubject your earnest consid-
eration at our Convention in May. If you lose
an arm what occupation ia open for you? Moat
always that of a awitch tender, and even though
yon receive the amount of your daim and yon atiU

retain memberahip aa a non-beneficiary member,
you pay the aame amount of Grand duea and Sub-
ordinate Lodge duea aa any other brother. Not
only do we find switch tenders those, who through
misfortune have become crippled, but we find
many of our old trainmen and yard men who have
had their namea on our Grand Register for twenty
yeara or more, and who through the infirmitica
of old age, or on account of being unable to per-
form their dutiea aatiafactorily, have been placed
in thia poaition and are receiving aalariea aa low
aa $1.26 per day, with no protection. Realize
what thia would mean to you; could you aupport
your wife and chUdren and pay your duea on thia
aalary? True you would have no grievance aa-
aesamenta to pay, for the only grievance you would
have adjuated or the only compenaationa you
would receive would be granted at the pleaaure of
the auperintendcnt, and they would be very few
indeed, if any. Switch tendera' dutiea are very
much aimilar to yard work and if they were al-
lowed to become membera of our Brotherhood, ac-
cording to the limita of our Conatitution, they
would be granted an annual interview with their
subordinate officera and in aU probabiUty receive
aubatantial increaaea in aalary. Whether you are
in favor of thia proposition or not, remember
should misfortune overtake you, and you are com-
pelled to cast your lot with thoae unfortunatea, you
wiU then realize that all I have aaid here ia only
too true. The amount paid from our Beneficiary
Department to our unfortunate brothera helps to
atay the approach of want, but the constant draw-
ing from the bank account in order to make enda
meet hastens the day when they realize what the
protection of the Brotherhood would be to them.
A home for the protection of aged and diaaUed
brothers would indeed be a great benefit to our
organization, but the protection of thoae unfortu-
nates who are daily atruggling to provide for
themselvea and their loved onea at home afaould
be conaidered by the delegatea at our next Con-
vention, for, regardleaa of our activit> or proa-
perity at present we have no guarantee aa to the
future, and I appeal to our brothera who wiU meet
at Atlanta, Ga., to bring thia subject before the
Convention, vote in favor of it to a man. If
you do not benefit by it yourself you will be as-
sisting hundreda of unfortunatea who today can
see no prospects in the future but the poorhoiase
or the grave. Miafortune ia forever lurking in
our calling, and who can aay who'll be the next
unfortunate.

W. D. McLaity.

Newark Lodge, No, 219.

I am in a retrospecthre mood tonight, and my
letter will be in that order. While aitting in
my eaay chair aUowing my thonghta to wander
they naturaUy feU into that paramount channel
which ia an adjunct to any railroad man'a mind,
viz: railroading, and tiiere came an inapiration.

Having apent the greater part of my life along
the line of the old Morria ft Eaaex raOroad, and
twenty-five yeara in railroad aervioe, during my

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 425

reveries there pasted in procession before my Osborne; sU enfineert, of whom Geo. Nichols,
gase msny of the old M. & £. men snd engines. George Voorhees, "Billy" and "Jakey" Osbomr
How well I remember the old "Montreal" No. and Al Dodd are still running engines on the
11 which with her engineer, "Eddie" King, for old Division. "Dick" Horn, Jakey" Rustay,
many years hauled Na 18 and 14, the Easton Geo. Dunlap and Joe Gorgas are dead, and Geo.
Mail, and big George Huff with No. 16, "Lehigli," Couch is out of the service and living the simple
for many years hauled the Hackettstown express, life at Philadelphia.

and how everybody in Hackettstown always lis- Among the old-time conductors, I remember
tened for the familiar long blast of the whistle "Bill" Frasher, John Hefferman, N. Devoe, Perry
which engineer Huff gave every night as he Stanton, "Bill" Lee, Johnnie Mahon, "Gallus"
passed over the Muscenetcong nver, just out of Inschoe, Stuart Frasher. Of these Bill Frasher,
the town, always at 8:16, and how many nights "Bill" Lee and "Gallus" Inschoe are dead. John
I went up to the station and climbed in the cab Hefferman is living at Hackettstown, N. J., Perry
just to get a ride to the upper end of the yard Stanton is in Long Island, Johnnie Mahon is st
where the train was stalled. And I must not Scranton doing duty as inspector on Pocono
forget to mention the conductor, Charley Humes Mountain, Stuart Fresher is living at Boonton,
whom everybody within ten miles of Hacketts- N. J., and N. Devoe is living in Newark, N. J.
town knew. Nor must I forget my old friends Many of the men I have mentioned have made
"Tom" Keenan and Nate Devoe, the engineer and their last run; but their memory remains with
conductor of Nos. 16 and 16, the old Easton Ex- us. They belonged to the old school railroad
press. I cannot call to mind Tom's engine at men, generous, good hearted, whole souled men
this time. And there was the J. V. Onativia No. with whom it was a pleasure to become acquainted.
87, I think run by engineer La Touche, with the There are quite a few of these men now on the
"Fast Line," as far as Washington, N. J. And old M. & E. division. What a train of pleasant
there wss Tom Malay who ran the 76 "Secaucus" memories that old name brings out, and of the
on a South Orange local, and as Tom often said, vast number of the men of the Morris & Essex
the only engine which could pull seven cars up the Division whom I know and have known, many
old Newark hill (180 feet to the mile) without a have gone to their eternal homes. There b no
"pusher." Engineer Hart who ran the old inore pleasant part of my life than that which I
"Orange" with the Newark Way Coal and "Abe" *P^t ^^ti ^« ^^ of the Morris ft Essex Di-
Ball conductor and Charley Conell flagman— both vinon. It was here I obtained my first real
passenger conductors now. There was also Con- "inroad experience. Every town, especially west
ductors Kirby of the Bloomfield branch, Al. AUen «' Morristown. is of haUowed memory. I shaU
of the Easton Mail, and Conductor "Hank" Hoff- ^^^ *<»»V* *^* I*^ of my Ufe and my regret
man, another old-timer who ran a South Orange ^^^^ ^ ^»* **"*« » *»™ railroad man I am not
local for many years, but who U now running the *^^ ^ ^ service. But boys out of it or in it,
Easton MaiL I worked on the Dover Freight "^ »y«P*«»»i«« and °»y affections are with you
with "Jim" Baker engin^r and Chester (Chet) •"^ y^''\ "^'^ *«d ^ ^^«*<* ^ P^«~«<J *o <J^ *
Martin conductor, "Si" PetUe, Gus. Guest and j;*** ^^ ^?^« '^^ y*>" than I am or can do now.
Lou Carter. I believe the latter is the only one ^* ^^'^ ^'"« ^ *»" ^•''^ *>^ "^"^ ™ «y <^'y

of that gang who is on the rosd today. He now ^^ T^^T" J""^ ^ '^^ **^ missionary work for
runs between Morristown and Hoboken as pas-

.engcr conductor. In those day. the engine. w«e ]L' '* "'^ only «n«,l.tion. therefore I do it gl«Uy.

.11 .».ed .. well .. numbered, «.d they were T" »*t T"^. .r!. '^■'" '"^ ■' •*"•

. J . 1 1 X . ... , , do not forget to attend meetings. Surely you

engines good to look at — not the ungainly ma- , . . . ^ t* .

,7 \jt ^ A »T * u -* JV^ T <*" apa*"* «>"« "^^^ day night or one Sunday to

chine. «ed today. Up to . rtort time .go I „^,.,.,^ ^ „^ J^ ^g^ '

could p»e U.e Mme .nd number of tfhem M ^,, j, ^our. for the cuee.
from No. 1 to 116, but can only remember a few a nr n

of them now. I weU remember, however, the t^.,.-.. a ♦ ^**f;«

old 67, "Dyanamis"^e was th; first 8Hlriver Jouikal Agent, No. 81».

engine on the road — and ran coal and freight '

She was a monster in those days. Others fol-
lowed her— the "Wawayanda," the "Atlantic,"

Beardstown, 111,

and of the e-driver class I remember "Sam we have made a good start on the new year

Schoch." "Percy R. Pyne." "Succasunna," "Mil- and hope we shall keep the gout busy. We have

bum," "Chester," "B. a dark," "Whippany," f^om one to three candidates every meeting and a

and "Mansfield." Of the passenger engfaies there good many out in the field yet to pick from, so let

were two, the "Pequannock," and the "Ring- every brother see if he cannot be the means of

wood,' which made record runs. "Si" Armstrong getting one more in our fold. We have a good set

rsn the 66 "Port Oram" for a long time with the of officers and I think every one knows it, and

Bloomfield freight, with respectively conductors we don't have very many complainU of any kind.

"Bates" Dargavel and John Long. Other old- Every thing moves just clock-work. We have

timers are "BiUy" Bishop and "Jim" Scripture^ fairly good attendance, but some manage to stay

"Dide* Horn, George Nidiols, George Coudi, away and have always a good excuse ready to teU

"Jakey" Rustay, George Voorhees, George when they are asked why they were not up to

Dwilap, Joe Gorgas, "BiUy" Osborne and "Jakey" lodge. We have a nice big haU ckMe to the yards

426 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

and the ctUer can find them without any trouble for nationid defense. Some pension syttem should

whatever, so don't be afraid the hall will be full be evolved.

and you will have to stand, as we can always Dr. Josiah Strong, one of the best authorities

make room for more. in America, estimates our industrial casualties at

At our regular meeting, April 7th, we decided 664,000 a year. Think of that appalling fact

to have a Ladies' Auxiliary, and every thing looks As there are 626,800 minutes in a year it may

as though it will be a success. We have over the be seen that every minute of time crushes one

hundred mark, and lots of married men. too, and or more of our citizens under the car of this

the future looks bright for some of our boys; and modern Juggernaut. In the three great battles of

there is a fine lot to pick from, and a good many Gettysburg, Chancellorsville and Chickamauga

of the young ladies have their eyes open. there were 12,867 killed, and 64,408 wounded.

May our Convention that is to be held this Saying nothing of the casualties in our mines

month be the grandest of all ever held and let which outnumber those of the Philippine war,

every one try and do something to make it so. nothing of the casualties in our shops and mills

Business is at a stand still just at present, but which outnumber the Spanish* American war, we

the future looks bright. A good many work trains are yearly killing more than these great battles,

are to go on this summer. We are nearer to the bloody Japanese war — the

It is understood that our raise becomes effective bloodiest in history. All this at a time of pro-

the first of April and we believe the men are very found peace. So this horrible thing for which

well pleased, considering every thing. we are all more or less responsible goes on from

Any brother passing this way will receive a year to year. Our citizens are maimed, our homes

cordial welcome and we will do all we can for are depleted and few steps by the government

him. W. A. Shielby, have been taken. It is for every labor organiza-

SecreUry No. 26. tion and every good citizen t» speak out and de-

, mand government inspection and protection.

W. J. Daily, No. 683.

The American Juggernaut

The American is not at war. But we are at the j f T rl

business of slaughtering our laboring people and i^OgansporC, itiC.

the traveling public as though they were enemies t-j f._ t j *t ,«« .

of the nation. Accid«.t, nuy not .Iw,„ b« , ^'*''*' ^ ^?- "» " contmmng m excel-

•voided, but when we remember that much of the ''"* !^'^: TJV T^""- '"^ • '"• ^^

equity i. on account of neglect and even greed. ^ f 7°'*' '^"*" '" "°« .'**' »* " f°°«!'

it b time for dtiaen. to think. The derire to .'"**"' «>J ""tinuou. progre« .n wages »,d work-

. , . . . u £ ^t. >"S conditions secured by our able committees,

show large earnings comes m for a share of the * '

blame. Roads allow their roadbeds, rolling stock "^^ recent victory on the roads west of Chicago

and equipment to run down, then with a minimum inspires many undecided employes to join our

of laborers drive employes to the limit The great '»"^ *» *^«" «» "^^^^ ^^e vigor and efforts of all

mills and factories do likewise. But plutocrats "»«»b««^ Many thanks to our labor champion

howl calamity when the pubUc tries to protect it- "^^^^ *We and trustworthy counsel brings to the

self by legUlation; it will have to be done, never- ^^^^ °^ «^«'y Trainman the truth of his title,

theless. Thousands of our citizens go maimed Grand Master

for life by this Juggernaut of greed. These half- There remains some material to work on, but in
men are placed at great disadvantage in the stmg- our territory almost all eligible and thoughtful
gle for livelihood, and of course are without pen-* men readily see the advantages of our fraternity,
sion. Sadder than all are the hundreds of thou- our insurance and our labor organization. It is
sands of people who are sent to premature graves, rather to our negligent members that I would con-
leaving in most instances helpless families. The vey a remark. Let us join in attending our meet-
charitable and Christian citizenship must help them, ing and upholding our motto, Benevolence, So-
for our modern industrial organization makes no briety and Industry. Let us be just and reason-
provision for them. If courts, with their endless able to our employers and thereby fill the service
red tape and tardy justice, fail to grant them with men of ability as will warrant the best ma-
damages, pitiable indeed is their lot. We are too terial to the employer and the public as well as
prone to accept the casualties of industrial war- meet the test of our now stringent state laws,
fare as a matter of course. The old soldier of the Remember no man has done his duty until he has
dvO war is pensioned. This is right But what done his best By following this rule this Organi-
of our soldiers of peace? The nation could not zation can know no failure,
do without them a single day. They furnish J. A. Zamgbx,
prosperity in peace and the utilities and substance Master No. 109.

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EDITORIAL

Vol. XXIV.

No.6

The Death Roll Of Industry.

A city with 500,000 poptilation ranks as
one of the first class in any part of the
world. A half million souls congregated
together make a mighty army and an as-
sembly that only a few years ago repre-
sented the population of more than one na-
tion. The rapid growth of population, fa-
cility of interchange by improved transpor-
tation lines, the improvement of machinery
and consequently the gathering of popula-
tion close to centres of industry, are re-
sponsible for the rapid growth of our cit-
ies. We can speak of a city of a half mil-
lion without thinking anything about it. It
is a matter of course, nothing more.

If on£ of the cities containing a half mil-
lion people, Oeveland, for illustration, were
to be stricken by some dire disaster that
would leave every man, woman and child
either dead or maimed, to more or less de-
gree, the rest of the country would be
speechless with horror. The ablest tongues
and pens would fail in their portrayal of
the catastrophe and the immensity of the
calamity would leave the rest of the popu-
lation terrorized for the time, unable to
grasp, much less remedy the situation.

When we remember the awful story of
earthquake and volcanic eruption, of fire
and flood, within the last few years and
recall the feeling of horror that each event
might be repeated elsewhere, the general
fear of the populace can be understood. It
is the group casualty that counts; the iso-
lated case goes without comment, for it has

its natural, or professional, reason and was
to be expected in the course of events.

The industries of the United States de-
mand a half million casualties, ranging from
death through the various degrees of in-
jury, that either leave the unfortunate
workman totally disabled or so imfit for
further service that re-employment is de-
nied him at his regular occupation.

We shudder at stories of foreign corpor-
ations that demand the blood and bones of
their slaves in the jungles of Asia and Af-
rica and even hint at G>ngressional action
to prevent further demands on the lives
and limbs of the blacks in Africa. Yet right
here, under our very eyes, there is a con-
tinuous slaughter of our own people that
passes tmnoticed or is accepted as a part
of the industrial system and absolutely
necessary to our commercial success.

The dangerous employments thus kill
and main, at the demand of commerce and
with the consent of the people, the work-
ers who stand like sheep in shambles wait-
ing for the hammer and the knife. Death
and injury are no problematical questions
in certain employments. The lottery has
but few blanks and the usual award is in-
jury or death in a few years at best.

The mines are stained with the blood of
their victims; every skyscraper is cemented
with the blood and brawn of its btiilders;
every large enterprise is baptized in the
blood of its workmen and in the great
manufacturing centres the (d^tiandrQii/olife

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428

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

and limb is greater than we even dare
guess. The railroads annually demand al-
most one-fifth of the entire number of
deaths and injuries and yet» remedy falters
and shrinks back at the opposition of the
corporations that demand the right to kill
and maim as a part of their business. An
employer takes it for granted that it is the
business of his employe to die or be in-
jured if it comes in the regular way.

No one knows what the death roll num-
bers in certain employments and, s^ipar-
ently, no one cares. Nothing is done to
remedy the matter, so it continues. Not
so many months ago frequent disappear-
ances of employes in one of the steel manu-
facturing districts caused inquiry on the
part of some of the foreign consuls and,
while nothing ever was announced to show
the result, the statement was made, unoffi-
cially, that the disappearances were caused
by deaths that were the result of "profes-
sional risk."

Allegheny G)unty, Pennsylvania, an-
nually rolls up a casualty list of 8,000 as
her share of blood and brawn that has to
be paid as the price for the maintenance of
her industries. The same story is told from
every mine and manufacturing centre, dif-
fering only in degree as compared with the
number of employes.

The railroad casualties interest our read-
ers to a greater extent than do the others
for they, the readers, furnish the victims.
Our latest official government reports for the
last fiscal year advise that one man out of
every 133 employed was killed and one out
of every nine employed was injured. The
degree of injury is not given and we there-
fore judge the fact by the records of our
own organization which show that for every
fifty-eight members one claim has been paid
for death or total disability and three-
fourths of these claims have been paid as
the result of accident

The Interstate Commerce Commission
shows, in its report ending June 30th, 1905,
that 95,711 employes, passengers and tres-
passers were injured or killed for that
year. To be exact, 9,703 were killed and
86,008 were more or less injured. Of the
employes we find that 1,990 trainmen were
killed and 29,853 injured; switchtenders,

crossmg men and watchmen show 136 killed
and 883 injured and other employes show
1,235 killed and. 36,097 injured. The coup-
ling and uncoupling accidents show that
there were 230 killed and 3,543 injured.

In the same time there were 537 passen-
gers killed and 10,457 injured as against
441 killed and 9,111 injured during the pre-
vious year. For 1905 there was one pas-
senger killed for every 1357356 carried and
one was injured for each 70,655 carried.
This is the difference between the danger
to the employe and the passenger.

The passenger mileage for 1905 shows
that 44320,576 miles were nm for each pas-
senger killed and 2,276,002 passenger miles
were run for each passenger injured. The
number of freight train miles accomplished
for each train and yard man's death or in-
jury is not given. If it were the employes*
casualty mileage would not look well when
compared with the passenger casualty mile-
age.

We have made several attempts to secure
greater safety by legislation and, aside from
the Safety .\ppliance Act, the remainder of
the attempts are waiting for their life on
the decision of the Supreme Court of the
United States. The laws enacted have been
strengthened or made safely operative by
Supreme Court decisions and it is to be
expected that in due time all of them will
either be changed so as to cover the neces-
sary ground or be declared operative as
they now are. But, at the best there are
certain conditions that cannot be overcome
without the exercise of the greatest caution
and, consequently, that great bugbear of
railway operation, loss of time.

It may appear out of place for one to
commend the Safety Appliance law and at
the same time call attention to the casualty
records, but if it were not for the law
there is no telling what this list would
show.

The railroad companies fought this stat-
ute just as they fight every other law and
yet, if it were not for the use of the air
brake and automatic coupler they could not
haul the tonnage they are hauling. They
object to every proposition that seeks to
preserve life and limb because they have
had a right to kill and maim for so many

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429

years that they accept it is a 'Vested inter-
est" and cannot understand why an em-
ploye should be so particular about a little
thing anyway.

The greatest causes for so many casual-
ties are to be found in heavy trains, high
speeds, long hours and, hurry. The heavy
tonnage trains are always in the way and
the men always on edge for fear of being in
trouble because of it High speed trains
are run with ''heaven bom rights" that the
lowly tonnage, non-rebate, train dares not
check. To get in the way of one of them
means, something doing, and that, some-
thing unpleasant

Injury results largely, from what the rail-
roads term, contributory negligence. That
is, the trainman tries to get his work done
in the least possible time and he takes
chances with the equipment He does not
wait for several things to be done that the
rules say shall be done under certain con-
ditions. If he did he would lose his job
because he did not take chances. The safe-

ty rules are not made to be observed by the
employe, they are made to protect the em-
ployer. A simple matter that means the
trainman loses whichever way he accepts

the situation.

•

Long hours contribute their full portion
toward the casualty records, for men wear-
ied and sleepy, are not fit to be trusted in
so dangerous an occupation and then there
is the other great fact, tacitly admitted by
certain managers, when they say, "Our lines
must all be rebuilt within the next six
years," of running present day tonnage and
high speed trains on roadbeds and tracks
that were originally intended for about half
the weights and speeds now put on them.

But the people demand all these deaths
and injuries, or so it appears after reading
of their submission to the demands of all
corporations against safety legislation. It
is the crime of industry, not entirely neces-
sary, but permissible because the force of
corporation demand is so powerful that life
and limb must be lost to satisfy it

Employers' Liability Act Constitutional.

Thus far there have been five decisions
on the constitutionality of the Employers*
Liability Act, two of them have been
against and three in favor of it with the
decision of the ^United States Supreme
Court to be announced.

The fellow servant doctrine, which was
based on the old law of England found its
reason for life, as given in an opinion deliv-
ered by Mr. Justice Field, to the effect
'That one cannot recover damages for an
injury to the commission of which he has
directly contributed, is a rule of established
bw, and a principle of common justice. If
his fault, whether of omission or commis-
sion, has been the proximate cause of the
injury, he is without remedy against one
also m the wrong." This rule was formerly
recognized as a part of the common law of
Ens^and, but has been repealed. It was,
and is, m some respects, the law of the

United States and was also to be found in
the Roman law.

According to the decisions confirming the
constitutionality of the Employers' Liabil-
ity Act, the statute creates a new right and
a new obligation. The power of Congress
to enact laws for the government of inter-
state commerce concerns, and to protect the
employes thereof, is recognized and the
right of an employe to recover for injuries
sustained through the negligence of a fel-
low employe, even though he himself, may
have been in part negligent, is admitted.

The cases on which these decisions were
awarded were all on appeal from railroad
companies, based on various reasons, prin-
cipally, however, on the ground that the
Act was not a regulation of commerce
within the meaning of the commerce clause
of the Constitution, that if it were a regu-
lation of commerce it extended to intrastate

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

commerce, that intrastate and interstate
commerce were so closely commingled that
it was impossible to make it apply and be-
cause it was a violation of the fifth amend-
ment to the Constitution of* the United
States which provides that "no person shall
be deprived of life, liberty, or property
without due process of law."

The last reason given against the legality
of the law appears inconsistent with the
preceding demands tmless it is to be taken
for granted that the employe willingly de-
prives himself of life and liberty in order
not to deprive the employer of his property.

The jurists standing for the law all agree
that the law is progressive and that Con-
gress has the right to provide for the pro-
tection of the employes and the power, by
legislation, to occupy the entire field of in-
terstate commerce.

In marked contrast to the narrow inter-
pretations given by the decisions against
the law, the jurists standing for it have de-
clared that the Act was wholly within the
Constitutional power of Congress to regu-
late commerce. The others stood for State
rights and the enforcement of the police
powers of the several States as legal.

The first decision in favor of the Act was
given by Judge Hanford, in the United
States Circuit Court, for the Western Dis-
trict of Washington, Northern Division, in
the case of John A. Plumcr vs. the North-
em Pacific Railway Company.

The plaintiff had been injured while
working for the Company, and brought suit
to recover. The jury awarded him a ver-
dict of five thousand dollars. The case was
appealed, and the appeal granted because
the case was submitted to the jury under
instructions which assumed the Employers'
Liability Act to be valid and applicable to
the case.

In granting the petition of the defendant,
the judge declared the Act to be constitu-
tional, but not retroactive. The following
is a syllabus of the decision of Judge Han-
ford:—

1. The act of Congress of June 11th,
1906, relating to the liability of common
carriers engaged in commerce between the
States to their employes, commonly called
the 'Tederal Empteyers' Liability Act," is
a regulaticm of interstate commerce, and is

within the constitutional power of Congress
to regulate commerce.

2. By the Federal Employers' Liability
Act, the law of the coimtry has been radi-
cally changed, but it is harmonious with,
and not more radical than other laws en-
acted by Congress in the exercise of the
power conferred by the interstate and for-
eign commerce clause of the Constitution,
which have been uniformly acquiesced in
by the people and enforced by the national
courts since the first shipping law was en-
acted by the first Congress in the year 1790.

3. The similarity of the Federal Em-
ployers' Liability Act to the laws affecting
the rights of ship owners and mariners is
obvious, and the Constitution contains no
suggestion of a more extended grant of
power to regulate the business of carriers^
by water than the power to regulate the'
business of carriers overland.

4. A retroactive statute enacted by Con-
gress is not unconstitutional, tmless its ef-
fect would be a deprivation of life, liberty,
or property, without due process of law;
but where a statute like the Federal Em-
ployers* Liability Act creates the new right
and obligation of comparative negligence,
its remedies cannot be applied to occur-
rences antedating the passage of such act
without working a deprivation of property.

The second decision was given in the case
of Henry Spain vs. the St. Louis & San
Francisco Railroad Company, in the Dis-
trict Court for the Eastern District of Ar-
kansas, Judge Trieber presiding. The con-
stitutionality of the act was attacked upon
two grounds; first, that Congress has no
power to create and enforce liabilities grow-
ing out of the employment of servants by
carriers, even if those carriers be engaged
in interstate commerce, and, second, if it
has such power, the language of the act is
so general as to include intrastate com-
merce, and both are so inseparably con-
nected as to make the whole act unconstitu-
tional. The Judge in making his decision
said: "In passing upon the constitutional-
ity of an act, the courts are governed by
certain well settled rules. Statutes are al-
ways presumed to be constitutional, and
this presumption will be indulged in until
the contrary is clearly shown; statutes will
be so construed, so far as it is possible to
do so, tfiat they should harmonize with the
Constitution to the end that they may be
sustained. On the other hand, if the stat-
ute is declared unconstitutional, the duty of
the court is to so declare." ^ j

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481

A syllabus of the decision is herewith
given:

1. The presumption that statutes are
constitutional will be indulged in until the
contrary is clearly shown.

2. Congress has the power, under the
commerce clause of the Constitution, to
legislate for the safety and protection of
employes engaged in interstate commerce,
whether the transportation be on water or
land.

3. It is within the power of Congress,
under the commerce clause, to regulate the
liability of a common carrier to its em-
ployes for personal injuries received while
engaged in interstate transportation.

4. The act of Congress of June 11th,
1906, relating to the liability of common car-
riers engaged in commerce between the
States to their employes, as stated in its
title, commonly called the "Federal Em-
ployer's Liability Act," is a regulation of
interstate commerce, and is within the con-
stitutional power of Congress to regulate
commerce.

5. The Federal Employers' Liability Act
is not void because, as alleged, it applies
equally to intrastate commerce, as its pro-
visions are separable, so as to be valid when
invoked by an employe engaged on a train
actually employed in interstate traffic. The
title of the act, which is the best summary
of its purpose, removes any ambiguity that
may be in the text.

6. The Federal Employers' Liability Act
is remedial and not penal, which fact takes
it out of the rule laid down in the Trade-
Mark cases. (100 U. S. 82, and other
cases.)

7. The plaintiff in this case, who alleges
that he was engaged at the time of the acci-
dent, on a train engaged in interstate com-
merce,' is within the rule of the law that
courts will not listen to an objection of un-
constitutionality of an act by a party whose
right it does not affect in the particular case
on trial.

The third decision was handed down by
Judge Spear, in the Circuit Court of the
United States, for the Eastern Division of
the Southern District of Georgia, in the
case of Lucy Snead vs. the Central of
Georgia Railway Company. The plaintiff
is the widow of a late employe of the Rail-
way Company, and brought action because
of the death of her husband, which was
brought about by injury sustained while
repairing a bridge upon that line of railroad.
It was alleged that negligence of other em-
ployes caused his death.

The decision of the Judge was one of the

broadest interpretations of the rights of
the employe to legal protection that it has
been the good fortune of the Journal to
read.

A syllabus of Judge Spear's report here-
with follows:

1. CoNsrmjTioNAL Law— Final Akbitbk.
—Whenever the rights of a party may be
affected by a particular governmental act,
whether it be an act of Congress or of the
State legislature, or of an executive or ju-
dicial functionary, either of the State or of
the United States, if it be capable of sub-
mission to a court having jurisdiction, the
final and common arbiter of the constitu-
tional question is the supreme judicial au-
thority of the courts of the United States.

2. Same — Fresumphon — Reasonable
Doubt. — ^There is a settled presumption in
favor of the validity of every legislative act.
Every reasonable judicial doubt must be
resolved in favor of the law. The courts
will decide that Congress has transcended
its powers only when that is so plain that
they can not avoid the duty.

3. Same— Duty op Courts.— No higher
duty rests upon the courts of the United
States than to enforce the will of the legis-
lative department of the government, as
expressed in a statute, unless such statute
be plainly and unmistakably in violation of
the Constitution.

4. Commerce.— Definitions given.

5. Same — Instrumentalities. — Em-
ployes of persons or corporations engaged
therein are instrumentalities of commerce.
Restrictive or benevolent regulation of
those employes is within the power of Con-
gress, which may be exercised to its ut-
most extent, and acknowledges no limita-
tions other than those prescribed in the
Constitution.

6. Power op Congress. — Congress alone
by legislation may occupy the whole field of
interstate commerce.

7. Same. — Illustrations of the exercise
of thj^ power by Congress enumerated,
making clear that the words "to regulate"
impart the right and power to enact laws,
and not merely to make rules and regula-
tions.

8. Same. — When a corporation or other
person engages in interstate or foreign

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

commerce, eo instanti, the men who control
it, and the corps of its employes, become
subject to all those legitimate means which
Congress may select for its regulation.

9. Necugencb op Fellow-Skrvant.—
Reason for rule denying to an employe the
right to recover for injuries sustained by
the negligence of a fellow-servant, in view
of modem conditions, pronounced archaic.

10. Interstate Commerce.— The pur-
pose of Congress being legitimate, and ex-
pressly relating to employes engaged in in-
terstate or foreign commerce, it is immate-
rial to the validity of the act that some-
where in its operation, it may have a casual
or contingent effect upon the domain of
State legislation.

11. Same.— Trade-Mark Cases (100 U.
S. 82) ; and Illinois Central Railroad Com-
pany vs. McKendree, decided December
17th, 1906 (not yet published), distinguished
from the act in question.

12. National, and State Authoritv.-
The (jovemment of the United States,
within the scope of its powers, operates
upon every foot of territory in its jurisdic-
tion. It legislates for the whole nation, and
is not embarrassed by State lines. Here,
however, no right proper to the State, or
any of its instrumentalities of government
is drawn in question.

18. Vaudity op Statute— Due Process
OP Law. — Here, there is no deprivation of
due process of law. Missouri Pacific Rail-
road Company vs. Mackey (127 U. S. 205),
followed.

14. CoNSTmmoNALrrv op Statute.—
The act of Congress, approved June 11th,
1906, entitled, "An act relating to liability
of common carriers in the District of Co-
lumbia and Territories, and common car-
riers engaged in commerce between the
States and between the States and foreign
nations to their employes," held to be con-
stitutional.

In the course of his decision. Judge Spear,
in referring to the authority of Congress
to enact Legislation of this character, in
part, said:

"Nor is the enactment of such measures
as that under consideration a novel or un-
usual power on the part of the Government.
Our own State, it seems, was the pioneer

in a measure of partial relief from that
strict rule which was first enunciated in
England in 1837, which forbade the recov-
ery by an employe for injuries inflicted by
the negligence of a fellow-servant

The (jeorgia law upon this subject was
enacted in 1856, so far as it related to rail-
roads. In 1862, Iowa abolished the fellow*
servant bar as to trainmen, and in 1874
Kansas did the same thing. In 1885, the
State of Alabama adopted similar legisla-
tion, and in 1893 Arkansas qualified the
doctrine as to railroad employment Min-
nesota followed in 1887. Florida, Ohio,
Mississippi and Texas have modified the
doctrine for the benefit of employes. North
Carolina, North Dakota, Massachusetts,
Wisconsin and Minnesota denied its applic-
ability to the operation of railroad trains,
and in 1901 Colorado abolished the doctrine
in toto.

Nor have foreign governments been in-
attentive to this great and unreasonable in-
justice to that splendid body of citizenship,
upon whom so much of the prosperity of the
nation must depend. In 1888, England de-
nied its application to those engaged in the
operation of railroad trains, and in 1897
made it also inapplicable to many other
hazardous employments. In (jermany. it
does not apply to any of the hazardous oc-
cupations. In 1869, Austria passed a law
making railroad companies liable for all
injuries to their employes, save where the
injury was due to the victim's own negli-
gence.

The Code de Napoleon made the em-
ployer answerable for all injuries received
by his workman, and this is still of force in
France, in Belgium and in Holland. Other
European countries have from time to time
fixed the liability of the master to his ser-
vant for damages caused by the negligent
act of a fellow-servant It is, however, un-
happily true that many States of the Union,
notwithstanding the anachronism of the
rule, have maintained and still enforce it.
But Congress has at length determined
that there shall be an uniform law for the
protection of that army of more than a mil-
lion of men engaged in interstate traflfic, an
army whose courage, decision, patriotism
and intelligence may not be surpassed, i

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

433

The rule which this legislation abrogates
was based upon the contention that the
servant contracts for a wage sufficient to
protect him against risks incident to the
service, and he is in a better position to ob-
serve and protect himself against the negli-
gence of his fellow-servant than his em-
ployer, and that it will insure better serv-
ice and less injury if the master be not re-
sponsible. The briefest consideration will
show how archaic is this reasoning when
applied to modem conditions.

Take the engineer of the locomotive,
which drives the lightning express. The
complexity of his mighty machinery re-
quires his constant and careful attention.
Possibly in the darkness of night, 50 or 60
miles an hour, his train thunders along the
gleaming rails. His is blind obedience to
his orders. Through the mistake or negli-
gence of a fellow-servant, over whose ac-
tion he has no control, of whose mistake
or misconduct he has no knowledge, in an
instant he may be hurled to death, or to
mutilation indescribable.

While this is true, under the law which
the act of Congress repeals, it has been
held that the relation of fellow-servant ex-
isted between the engineer acting as con-
ductor and his fireman; between the com-
mon day laborer building a culvert and the
engineer and conductor running a train ; be-
tween the engineer operating one train and
the conductor on another train on the same
road; between conductor and brakeman on
the same train ; between the local telegraph
operator and fireman upon the train; and,
in view of these relations, shadowy and in-
tangible ss they are, yet justified by the law
as it existed, it has been held that the em-
ployer was not liable for the death and
suffering which resulted. The law is a
progressive science. The rule has long been
deemed most unjustifiable. In Labat (on
Master and servant. Vol. 2, sec. 754), it is
declared :

It does not rest upon any satisfactory
basis, logical, social, or economic, and by
relegating the injured person to his action
against a co-employe, who is, as a general
rule, financially irresponsible, leaves him in
the great majority of instances without any
prospect whatever of obtaining the ade-
quate indemnity.

Such conditions will no longer exist
Said the House committee in its report:

Now where the doctrine of fellow-ser-
vant is in force no one is responsible for
the injury or death of a fellow-servant
The co-servant who is guilty of negligence
resulting in the injury may be liable, but as
a rule he is not responsible. Employes are
never held to such strict rules for the safe-
ty of his co-employes, because the employer
is not bound to pay damages in case of in-
jury. If he were held liable for damages
for every injury occasioned by the negli-
gence of his servants, he would enforce the
same strict rules for the safety of his em-
ployes as he does for the safety of passen-
gers and strangers, he will make the em-
ployment of his servant and his retention
in the service dependent upon the exercise
of higher care, and this will be a strong in-
ducement to the employe to act with higher
regard for the safety of his fellow-work-
men.

It is, however, urged that the States
are adequate to afford all needed relief. It
will suffice to say that a majority of them
have not done so. An employe of inter-
state traffic may receive measurable pro-
tection from the negligence of Kis fellow-
servant in Georgia, though even here his
whole demand is denied if he is himself
guilty of any negligence contributory to the
injury, however slight. His train rolls
across the boundary line of South Carolina
or Tennessee, and there for the same neg-
ligence, the same injury, the same death, he
or his wife and children may be denied any
and all redress.

But it is additionally objected that he
who is engaged in interstate traffic also
handles traffic which is intrastate, and this
should be held to vitiate the legislation of
Congress. By a parity of reasoning, thus
would annul the laws in interior waterway
navigation already discussed, it would abol-
ish the Interstate Commerce Commission,
and all of those regulations which Congress
has enacted for the transportation and busi-
ness of interstate commerce.

In closing his decision Judge Spear used
the following language, which every reader
of the Journal will, beyond doubt, declare
to be entirely appropriate.

"The law itself deserves the approbation
of the entire country. Its incentive to care-
fulness on the part of those who control
railways will be immeasurable. It will bring
to many an honest, fearless heart the con-
sciousness that he and his loved ones are
insured against the folly and negligence of
his fellows, whom he cannot control. Had
it been of force in the past, thousands of

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

our countrymen who are sleeping in un-
timely and tragic graves, might now be
leading useful lives, and many additional
thousands who now spend the interval of
life which remains to them in the mortifi-
cation of mutilation, and in its incurable
suffering, might now be happy and well.

"Surely at a period when every day brings
its story of crashing and murderous colli-
sions, of derailed and shattered trains, the
long catalog of the slain, the mangled and
dismembered, such efforts on the part of
Government to extend its protecting care
around its people, employed in its mightiest
interest, should not be lightly discredited.
The philanthropy and statesmanship which
prompted it are not undeserving of such an
eulogium as that pronounced by Macaulay
on the philosophy of Bacon:

" 'It has lengthened life ; it has mitigated
pain; it has extinguished diseases; it has
increased the fertility of the soil; it has
given new securities to the mariner; it has
furnished new arms to the warrior; it has
spanned great rivers and estuaries, with
bridges of form unknown to our fathers;
it has guided the thunderbolt inocuously
from heaven to earth ; it has lighted up the
night with the splendor of the day; it has
extended the range of the human vision;
it has multiplied the power of the human
muscles; it has accelerated motion; it has
annihilated distance, it has facilitated in-
tercourse, correspondence, all friendly of-
fices, all dispatch of business ; it has enabled
man to descend to the depths of the sea,
to soar into the air, to penetrate securely
into the noxious recesses of the earth. ♦ ♦ ♦
These are but a part of the fruits, and of
its first fruits. For it is a philosophy which
never rests, which has never attained, which
is never perfect Its law is progress. The
point, which yesterday was invisible, is its
goal today, and will be its starting post to-
morrow.' "

The differences in the decisions of the
courts, before which the law has been on

trial, further strengthen the opinion that it
it unwise practice to permit courts of in-
ferior jurisdiction to decide questions that
properly belong to the Supreme Court for
final decision.

The majority of interpretations placed on
the law, thus far, are in favor of declaring
for its constitutionality, but leave the ques-
tion itself in a very chaotic state. The law
instead of being operative is inoperative,
and its power is held in abeyance, waiting
for the final decision from the United
States Supreme Court.

There is every reason to believe that this
decision will be in favor of the constitu-
tionality of the act, but if it should be de-
clared that Congress has not the power to
enact a statute of the kind, it will then be
in order for all of our states to work to-
gether for uniform legislation covering the
question of the employers' liability.

The different decisions on questions of
this character that have been handed down
by the courts of inferior jurisdiction, have
resulted in the recommendation that a law
be passed to the effect that the Supreme
Court of the United States, alone, shall
have, or exercise, the jurisdiction or power
to consider or determine whether any act
of the Congress, or any part of any act
thereof, is, or is not, constitutional; and
unless and imtil declared by the Supreme
Court to be unconstitutional, every such
act, and every part thereof, shall be re-
garded, observed, obeyed and enforced as
a constitutional enactment.

A bill covering this ground was intro-
duced in the last session of Congress, but
came before the body too late to secure its
enactment It is confidently believed that
the next session of Congress will witness its
enactment into law. Uniformity in decision
and operation, and the further advantage
of knowing from the creation of an enact-
ment whether it will be applicable, or other-
wise, will be assured if such legislation be-
comes the fact

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486

Eastern Association Of General Committees,
O. R. C. And B. of R. T.

A growing sentiment among the members
of the two organizations on the lines of rail-
way in the Eastern territory in favor of
the formation of an Association similar in
purpose to the Western Association of Gen-
eral Committees was apparent, and under
date of Feb. 14, 1907, a circular was sent
out addressed to ''Chairmen and Secretar-
ies, General Committees and Divisions and
Lodges of the O. R. C. and B. R. T. repre-
senting roads in the territory east of Chi-
cago and the southern main line of the Illi-
nois Central R. R., north of the Ohio River
and of the Chesapeake & Ohio R, R., west
of the Hudson River and South of the
Great Lakes, calling a meeting of general
chairmen for these lines, to be held at Buf-
falo, N. Y., Wednesday, March 27, 1907, at
10 o*clock a. m.

Later it was thought advisable to include
the New England States and the principal
lines in Canada east of Ft. William, and
notice was given accordingly.

In response to that invitation 41 general
chairmen of the O. R. C. and 39 general
chairmen of the B. of R. T. for systems
in the territory mentioned met at Buffalo,
March 27 and 28, 1907, and assisted by
Grand Senior Conductor E. P. Curtis (O.
R. C.) and Assistant Grand Master W. G.
Lee (B. R. T.), organized the "Eastern
Association of General Committees of the
Order of Railway Conductors and Brother-
hood of Railroad Trainmen/'

The following roads were represented by
delegates from both the O. R. C and B.
of R. T.: Boston & Maine; Boston & Al-
bany; Baltimore & Ohio; B. R. & P.; Buf-
falo & Susquehanna; C. R. R. of N. J.;
C. H. & D.; C L & L.; C C C & St L.;
C I. & S. ; D. L. & W. ; Erie ; Grand Trunk
(East) ; Grand Trunk (West) ; G. R. & I. ;
L. S. & M. S.; L. E & W.; Michigan Cen-
tral; Maine Central; N. Y. C. & St. L.; N.
Y. C. & H. R.; N. Y. N. H. & H.; P. R.
R. (East), (B. & A. V. Div. not repre-
sented for the B of R. T.) ; Rutland; Sta-
ten Island; Southern (St. L.-L. Lines);
T. St. L. & W.; Vandalia; W. & L. E.

By delegates from the O. R. C. only : B.
& O. S. W.; C. C & L.; C. A. N. C; D.
& H.; E. & T. H.; Hocking Valley; Ka-
nawha & Michigan; N. Y. S. & W.; Pere
Marquette; P. R. R. (West) ; T. & O. C;
T. H. & B.

By delegates from the B. of R. T. only;
L. E A. & W.; Lehigh Valley; Philadel-
phia & Reading.

By-laws were adopted under which the
jurisdiction of the Association was fLxed as
including all systems lying principally east
of the Illinois Central main line, north of
the Ohio River and Chesapeake & Ohio R.
R., including lines in Canada principally
east of Ft. William. It is to be hoped that
by united effort conditions can be improved,
and it now remains for the membership to
give consideration and assistance to the
Association.

No Brotherly Love In Business-
Mr. A. B. Stickney. President of the particular kind in that, he says sharp things

Chicago and Great Western Railroad Com-
pany, usually writes and talks m a far dif-

against his own side of the business house
as often as he fully agrees with it This,

ferent vein from persons of his class. Mr. is not unusual to a limited degree when a

Stickney is a free lance of a peculiar and man has made his fortune afid Js^comfort-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ing his consdence by advising the rest of
the world how to manage various parts of
its business affairs exactly contrary to the
plans used by himself when his pile was in
the making.

Mr. Stickney b working, all the time,
and when he says something it is as likely
to be directed at his own crowd as to agree
with it. The particular virtue of his ex-
pressions appears to be largely in his deter-
mination to get at the truth as he sees it,
regardless of whom it hits or hurts.

In a recent issue of the Chicago Tribune
Mr. Stickney contributed an article in which
he declared that the two paramount ideas
for the assurance of equality in distribution,
that is, brotherly love and legislation, were
wrong ; not applicable to our present society
and impossible in every sense to secure that
for which we are all working, namely, a
fair share. He said:

"In these later days, as in all the ages
which have passed, there are people who
believe that the rewards of industry could
be divided more equitably by brotherly love
or by legislation than by the natural law of
distribution.

"I never have seen much of an exhibi-
tion of the effects of brotherly love in com-
mercial affairs, and my opinion is that if
the president of the Chicago Great Western
railway should attempt to run it on broth-
erly love, the road would be scalped bare-
headed in thirty minutes, and at the end of
the month there would be no money in the
treasury with which to pay wages. Broth-
erly love in economical affairs is a dream
for the 'sweet by and bye.*

"Attempts to control or modify the nat-
ural law of distribution by legislation have
been frequently made. The pages of his-
tory are full of such legislation. I will take
time to review the effect of only two of
such statutes.

"Five centuries ago agriculture was prac-
tically the only occupation of England, and
the laborers had just emerged from serf-
dom. The land owners were the employ-
ers and lawmakers. Within about three
years more than half of the laborers in
England died with the plague. The rav-
ages of the disease disorganized economic

affairs, production almost ceased, and fam-
me was imminent The small supply made
food dear, and the decrease in the number
of laborers increased wages. Regarding
money as the compensation, wages had per-
haps quadrupled, but food having advanced
in the same ratio, a day's wages would
buy substantially the same amount of food
as before the plague.

"But the ignorant land owners, who could
see only that they were paying several
times as much money for a day's labor, un-
dertook the task of reducing wages to the
money standard before the plague, without
reducing the price of food. It was an im-
possible task, because at such prices a day's
labor would not produce a day's food.

"The first step taken by the land owners
was to agree between themselves not to pay
higher wages than were paid at a period
two years before the plague. The agree-
ment not being effective they supplemented
it by an act of Parliament, imposing fines
upon the land owners, and imprisonment,
flogging, and branding with a hot iron on
the forehead upon laborers.

"They attempted to enforce the law with
a vigor peculiar to England. They fined
land owners, and imprisoned, flogged, and
branded laborers, in vain. The laborers,
rather than starve, turned tramps, thieves,
and "bandits of the woods,' and the land
owners, rather than see their crops rot in
the field, paid fines to the king and unlaw-
ful wages to laborers. The rigor with
which the law was enforced can be under-
stood when history says that the fines im-
posed on land owners formed a consider-
able portion of the royal revenue.

"The English law was intended to reduce
wages. But American history contains no-
table instances of miscarriage of laws in-
tended to increase wages.

"Probably the largest fortune which has
ever been amassed in this or any other
country by one man in a single life has been
produced in the last forty years in the iron
trade. It has been the direct result of a
law of Congress, enacted to benefit labor.
Under this law, during the years in which
this enormous fortune was accumulating,
the government has enforced the collection

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437

of a tax from the other industries of the
country ranging from $27.50 down to $7.50
per ton on his entire putput, not one dollar
of which was intended or ever did go into
the treasury of the government, but every
dollar of which was paid to this ironmaster.
In dealing with wages, he stood firmly by
the natural laws, never paying a penny
more than the law of supply and demand
compelled. The law enriched the employer
instead of the employe. The employer has
built palaces and bought castles. The em-
ployes live in the same miserable shanties
as before. ,

"This act of Congress is still in force,
enriching the greatest organization of capi-
tal which the world has ever known.

"My judgment throws to the wind all the
theories of equitable distribution by broth-
erly love or by legislation. I believe that
in economic affairs the only way to get a
fair share is to be prepared always to fight,
and, when necessary, to fight for it."

It is safe to say that he meant what he
said. His judgment is absolutely correct
when he says, 'The only way to get a fair
share is to be prepared always to fight, and,
when necessary, to fight for it"

He docs not believe that brotherly love
counts for any more now than it did in the
terrible days when London resounded with
the cry of the belhnan and the watchman,
"Stop the dead cart Bring out your dead."

What has been gained on both sides of
the industrial problem has been the result
of a never ending fight There isn't much
brotherly love on one side of the house for
the other although there is considerable
brotherly action of one side against the
other which is bound to go on to the end
of the world. Like Mr. Stickney, and many
others, we believe that, "it is only on the
other side of the grave that we shall be
brethren again. It is certain that we can-
not be content to go hand in hand to the
place where we hope to join heart and hand
without the least hesitation, and the most
complete harmony and affection."

If the affairs of the Chicago Great West-
em were intrusted to brotherly love for the
"thirty minutes," the brethren working the

financial end of the affair would have the
treasury looted and the future mortgaged
beyond all possibility of the wage-working
brethren to ever earn enough for the prop-
erty to pay dividends on stocks, to say
nothing of fair wages.

Neither side will stand close to the treas-
ury without hitching. It takes more than
the "distress sign" and the fraternal re-
sponse to manage business and, yet, has
Mr. Stickney foimd the wage-working
brothers any more unfair than the brethren
who profit by every advantage in which is
included the ability to fight, and fight hasd,
with the law behind them as their greatest
defence? We think not, and, evidently, so
thinks Mr. Stickney, for he hits one of the
present day, rich, retired general coimsel-
lors, who sits on his pile and dispenses wis-
dom and libraries with a lavish hand.

When he says, "In dealing with wages,
he, the rich one, stood firmly by the nat-
ural laws, never paying a penny more than
the law of supply and demand compelled.
The law, tariff, enriched the employer in-
stead of the employe. The employer has
built palaces and bought castles. The em-
ployes live in the same miserable shanties
as before," he says what cannot be honestly
denied.

Mr. Stickney has no belief in brotherly
love in business and no confidence in legis-
lation as the remedy for equitable distribu-
tion and he is right What little brotherly
love there is in the world is to be found
among people of exactly the same class.
When there is a difference in position and
condition there is no longer brotherly con-
cern of any kind, it gives way to a desire to
fight Legislation has never brought about
equality of distribution, for where tried one
set of men has gotten the grain, the other
the husks ; why it should be so is a question
not yet answered except in theory that
promises nothing when analyzed and the
bottom is reached. What we do know is
that everytime the fighter is on top.

It is unpleasant to admit that certain
fancies are in no wise correct and that we
must go back to the barbaric practice of
eating each other to settle the question of
distribution but, say what we^may of what
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438 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

has been done or, gained, or lost, the en- you will have to take your licking, so the
tire story is told by the fighting ability of best thing is to get ready, to know how and
all parties concerned. If you cannot fight not let the other side overlook the fact

Compulsory Arbitration Law Passed In Canada.

The Canadian Parliament has passed a every case where a dispute has been re-
compulsory arbitration bill that ought to do ferred to the Board, until the dispute has
away with strikes in the Dominion forever been finally dealt with by the Board, nei-
and it ought, as well, to encourage the cor- ther of the parties nor the employes af-
porations therein to further encroachments fected shall alter the conditions of employ-
on the rights of their employes. ment with respect to wages or hours, or on

When the bill was first offered to Parlia- account of the dispute do or be concerned

ment the railroad organizations were not in doing, directly or indirectly, anything in

included, but later on every organization, the nature of a lockout or strike, or a sus-

or form of labor association was included pension or discontinuance of employment

in the Act. or work, but the relationship of employer

Sections 56 and 57 are the principal sec- and employe shall continue uninternipted

tions of the law and read as follows: by the dispute, or anything arising out of

"56. It shall be unlawful for any em- the dispute; but if, in the opinion of the

ployer to declare or cause a lockout, or for Board, either party uses this or any other

any employe to go on strike, on account of provision of this Act for the purpose of un-

any dispute prior to or during a reference justly maintaining a given condition of

of such dispute to a Board of Concilia- affairs through delay, and the Board so re-

tion and Investigation under the provisions reports to the Minister, such party shall be

of this Act, or prior to or during a refer- guilty of an offence, and liable to the same

ence under the provisions concerning rail- penalties as are imposed for a violation of

way disputes in the Conciliation and Labor the next preceding section."

Act : provided that nothing in this Act shall Section 24 declares that if during the

prohibit the suspension or discontinuance hearing of a disputed question before the

of any industry or of the working of any Board, a settlement is arrived at by the

persons therein for any cause not consti- parties interested, it shall be so declared

luting a lockout or strike : Provided also by the Board and be binding on both par-

that, except where the parties have entered ties, according to Section 62 of the Act,

into an agreement under section 62 of this which declares in effect that if either party

Act, nothing in this Act shall be held to of a dispute, at any time before the Board

restrain any employer from declaring a has made its report, agrees to be bound by

lockout, or any employe from going on the decision of the Board, the decision will

strike in respect of any dispute which has be binding, if the other party agrees in

been duly referred to a Board and which like manner.

has been dealt with under section 24 or 25 In that event, the recommendation will
of this Act, or in respect of any dispute be the rule of the court and enforcible by it
which has been the subject of a reference Section 25 of the Act declares that if a set-
under the provisions concerning railway tlement is not arrived at, the Board will
disputes in the Conciliation and Labor Act. make a complete report to the Minister of

"57. Employers and employes shall give Labor, setting forth everything that has

at least thirty days* notice of an intended been done during the progress of the hcar-

change affecting conditions of employment ing.

with respect to wages or hours; and in An objectionable feature of^hc Billj is

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430

found in Section 57, which declares that
thirty days' notice shall be given before
there can be any change affecting conditions
of employment, and until the question in
dispute has b^en referred to a Board and
decided, neither of the parties shall do any-
thing to change the conditions of employ-
ment

This means that if the employes of a
corporation are dis-satisfied with their con-
ditions of employment, they must give
thirty days' notice of their intention to try
to have them changed. After the thirty
days' notice has been given, they will then
be at liberty to take up the questions with
their employers, and the regular methods of
procedure as are now in operation by the
railway organizations would postpone def-
inite action in very many instances for the
next five or six months.

During this time, it would be impossible
for an organization to take any steps to
enforce its demands in the regular way.
The effectiveness of the labor organizations
in Canada is seriously hampered by this
compulsory reference of every disputed
question to a court of arbitration. The de-
cision to abide by the judgment of the
Board, under certain conditions, resolves
the question into one of compulsory arbitra-
tion in its strictest sense, which is not,
strictly speaking, arbitration, but merely the
reference of a question to a court of final
decision.

The advantages of the Act are all with
the employers. If it is thought advisable
by the employes to demand the reference of
a dispute to the Board, as provided under

the Act, it can be taken for granted that
their chance to fight it out is not considered
promising. If, on the other hand, the com-
pany chooses to take advantage of the Act,
it has the advantage of protecting itself in
every way, and it has the further advantage
of being allowed to use the time the case is
before the Board, to collect enough extra
employes to take the places of those who
may leave the service, if at the end of the
hearings the employes do not choose to
accept the findings of the Board and prefer
to exercise their powers as an organization
by leaving the service of the company.

There could not have been a surer method
for interfering with the work of a labor or-
ganization than this Bill just passed by the
Dominion Parliament The attempt has
been made on several previous occasions
to enact a compulsory arbitration law in
Canada, and, thus far, the name has inter-
fered with its enactment, but, under a new
title, and defended by new pretenses, the
measure finally succeeded in being enacted.
The outcome of the law will be watched
with a great deal of interest by employers
and employes in both the United States and
Canada.

The Bill clearly interferes with the rights
of the employes as citizens, because it is
difficult to understand by what right any
legislative body can declare that men must
remain in employment against their will.
It is the opinion of the Journal that the
first time the law does not suit a large cor-
poratimi, it will be taken into the courts
and at once be declared unconstitutional on
the ground that it is a restriction of per-
sonal liberty.

The Western Wage Settlement.

The final adjustment of the differences
that arose over the demands of the Con-
ductors and Trainmen on the roads west of
Chicago, was accomplished by the interven-
tion of Interstate Commerce Commissioner
Knapp and Commissioner of Labor Neil,
who succeeded in bringing the employers

and emplosres together and affeetmg a set-
tlement by which wages and conditions of
employment for the train service have been
materially improved.

The railroad companies appealed to the
Government for the aid of the Erdman Ar-
bitration Act, which provides for concilia-

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440 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

tion, mediation and arbitration^ if the par- thousandt of worken who had mtde demandi lor

ties to the dispute are wiUing. mXJ^J^ ^ hTirltTtS;

All pertont woo rcaiizo now great a calamity

It is this same Act that provided for pro- would be a complete auspenaion of traffic by rail

tection of employes against discharge for «"•» ^> "^^^v thankftU that an acceptable com-

the reason that they were members of a p«»«^>>«*^ nmnagera and «»P>o]rea haa been

t«4w>vti uitti. M.^j insn%i ui^^uiuvia w* a arranged. The outcome ia» aa the federal media*

labor organization and that declared the tora tay in their measage to Preaident Rooaevelt.

relief contract illegal. Both of these latter ** diatinct triumph for goYemment mediation.'

questions have been declared unconstitution- "After thia demonatration that resulta of great

al by judges in suits brought to secure the J«POrtinoe may be obtained under the operation

£^ ^ r At. 1 T> X I. ^. of the Erdmann law the public will agree that the

enforcement of the law. But, when the ^^^^^ ^ ,5^^,^ ^ p,^^ . ^„^,^ ^^ ^^ ^^

railroad companies were in danger of hav- induatrial criaia. Since the agenta of the govern-
ing btisincss suspended they appealed to ««»* «"m1" thia Uw can only appeal to the reaaon

what was left of the Act 2»i^whom S^i^^ ^l^Sb^ much*^d^

There is no objection to this on the part penda upon the intelligence and the temper of
of the railroad employes. The SUtement is ^^ inharmonioua forcea. In the caae of the
. «.!_.« railroad Brotherhooda there waa efficient leader-
made merely to show the opposition to, or ^jp .^ therefore, the mediatora, who had been
regard for, a law as it happens to appeal called into the matter by the railroad managera,
to the needs of the railway companies. *o»"d no great difficulty in bringing about a com-

prondae. Their expreaaiona of appreciation of the

The Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen Ubor leaden' reaponae to the appeal to take into

is satisfied to have the affair closed without conaideration the public interest and therefore to

trouble. It is not the purpose of this Or- "^ conceaaiona aeem to be weU beatowed.

ganization to be unreasonable m its demands ''The public muat feel highly gratified that ita

^^. . u *u^ -V- £ai.t»4.i.i. j^ daima are coming to be considered more and more

nor IS It the purpose of the Brotherhood to ,„ eontrovJ^toTrf tbi. m>n. Much o£ the nitn

abandon the right to insist upon its power due to great strike* in the put can be traced to

to enforce its demands when it is neces- fx tmyieldiog attitude of one aide or the other,

sary. It was not necessary to break off with ''"•J* ~"''' *** L';^."^!J*'.uTu'°*'^

^, ., , . • . <r And was quite unwilling to concede that the public

the railroad companies and the Journal is j^ ^^ ^^hta in the matter that were worthy of

glad of it. It is one more proof that when consideration. (Wiie leadership of labor forcea

men arc disposed fairly to consider all phases ""d federal mediation by competent offidala, re-

rv^»u^^..^.4.;».^« «♦ :«».,- ♦u^* <,^..:i,«c o^^ «1 enforced by public opinion, will go far toward

Of the questions at issue that strikes are al- ^j^j^^ing the possibility of disastrous strikes.")
most out of the question.

The wage settlement secured a guarantee

Prior to the settlement pubUc sentiment ^^ roads not having mileage limitotions in

was all against a strike, and some publica- ^^i^ agreements for passenger men that

tions went out of their way to voice their the mileage will not be increased for the

objections. purpose of offsetting the increases in wages,

After settlement the general expression as was done on several lines following the

of the press was complimentary to the men, 1903 settlements; overtime was allowed for

their leadership and the disposition of the passenger service; 100 miles or less, ten

companies to go as far in wage allowances hours or less, will constitute a day in

as the managers were warranted in going, through or irregular freight service. This

A very few writers declared against the ^oes away with the all general fifty miles

right of the Organizations to quit the ser- minimum allowances and other allowances in

vice and maintained that it would have been irregular freight service which now pay but

criminal. That question was legally settled actual mileage for trips of less than 100

long ago and the intelligent press knows it. *»"««• Local freight working time has been

As a sample of fair current expression we ^^'^''^^ ^ *«« ^^«' or ^«ss. on all roads

quote from the Chicago News, of April 4th ^^^ ^^^^^^^ «o'<= ^^ ^«« ^<^«"-. The day

which said* work trains and helpers will be ten

^ ^ ^ hours or less. On eighty per cent of the

"A full agreement haa been reached between -q« j^ j^ «.«« twelve hours. Manv roads

the managera of the many great raibt>ad systems "^"^^^ " ^^^ iweivc nours. raany roaas

that were threatened with a general atrilce of their ^Iso had the one-half day minimum In work

conductors and tratoinea and the leaders of the train service. The principle of pro rata

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441

overtime in through, irregular, local and
work train service was established. The in-
crease in wages will average ten per cent
for the entire territory and in certain in-
stances will reach fifteen per cent

The abandonment of the shorter work
day for all lines is to be regretted, but it is
not altogether the fault of the settlement
The yardmen waived the question last No-
vember and the Engineers did the same
prior to the settlement of the Conductors
and the Trainmen.

The settlement was ^ot altogether satis-
factory. There is some opinion that a bet-
ter one could have been secured by fight-
ing for it That is problematical, not as-
sured.

Under the circumstances it was the sen-
sible thing for the committees to do as they
did. Public sentiment was with the railroad
companies in their offer to arbitrate and
the organizations would have been unwise
to oppose it A question that has been de-
clared for after due deliberation by con-
vention after convention, as our organiza-
tion has declared for arbitration, cannot be
set aside without danger of the Brother-
hood sacrificing its reputation for adher-
ence to its own principles.

Another feature of this question of ar-
bitration introduced by the employers need
not be lost sight of this time. When busi-
ness conditions are not as good as now, if
railroads attempt to reduce wages or the
number of employes on trains or engines as
a question of economy, and the times are
not propitious for a strike, it appears that
this precedent ought to be of value to the
Organizations.

Another serious hindrance to a settle-
ment that would have met the approval of
all interested was in the fa<t that the de-
mands were not uniform. A number of the
roads had certain advantages that the
others wanted. The questions of hours,
wages, pay for overtime, and yard rates

were different in degree. What certain
roads had they were not disposed to
emphatically demand for the others. The
roads east of the line for which a differ-
ential for yard men was asked believed
the question had been settled, as far
as they were concerned, last November,
and if satisfactory settlement could have
been made for them otherwise, they felt
that it would have been wrong to with-
hold settlement for something in which
they were not interested.

It is an easy matter for committees on
individual lines, in dealing with affairs af-
fecting their system, to waive certain ques-
tions for the purpose of securing other
things that are of more general benefit But
when it comes to legislating for an exten-
sive territory, covering several lines, the
men on one line will not waive their ad-
vantages that the men on other lines may
receive additional advantage. This is where
fratemalism falters.

The representatives came from different
localities; they represented different ideas,
methods and policies and it would have
been impossible to assimilate them entirely.
If it had not been for the splendid disci-
pline of the two Organizations it never
could have been done in any sense and, as
it is, there is a wide difference of opinion
as to the wisdom of the course pursued, but
out of it there is certain relief to a great
majority that the affair was settled with-
out a fight for, under the circumstances, a
strike at the time would not have been a
good thing for the Brotherhood even had
we won it and it is pretty certain that a
strike would have been successful so far as
a suspension of traffic was concerned.

But at the best the outcome would have
left the organizations responsible for what-
ever would have resulted to business prog-
ress. As it is, a substantial increase was
secured, and many questions brought closer
to standard.

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Who Is Responsible For The Death Roll?

There are a number of railroad managers
who openly are trying to have the public
understand that it is altogether the fault of
the employe that the death and accident list
continues to grow. The railroad companies
cannot make the men a convenient scape-
goat and pass up the responsibility that
properly belongs to themselves.

Mr. Hill, of the Great Northern, and
other railways, has been frequently quoted
as having said:

"Every time I undertake a railroad journey I
wonder it it is to be my last. The thing hat
grown to be uncertain. It is a fact, to the knowl-
edge of every railroad man, that in this day from
two to three trains enter at times in every block
of every system in the country."

This means that the business of the rail-
roads has increased far beyond the capacity
of the companies to safely handle it The
fuel famines in the Northwest the past
winter were caused by the inability of the
railroads to handle the traffic and the plain
fact of the matter is that everywhere the
railroads are trying to handle a greatly in-
creased business with the same equipment
they used for much less traffic

The natural result is that the roads are
jammed with trains of all kinds and where
the train order system is used there are
wrecks in increasing number because the
train order system is imperfect, and to use
the words of a recent writer, "it is damned
and doomed," as inadequate and out of
date; it had its beginning a half century
ago.

This question of train running appears a
simple proposition to one who reads a
straight meet order and knows nothing of
the half thousand rules and special bulle-
tins that are attached to it, in some form or
another, all providing for certain contin-
gencies which must be remembered, for it
is the forgotten thing that counts. The
roads running under the standard code
have something like five hundred questions
that must be answered by the applicant for
promotion to, or employment as, engineer
or conductor. There are no two experts

on train rules in this cotmtry who agree on
all of them and where such rules are dis-
cussed there are questions asked without
number that show the greatest variance in
opinion as to the meaning of certain rules.

The block system works all right where
the railroad company lets it be known that
it is meant to work. Where enginemen
practice running by signals they have been
allowed to do so by the companies. Where
running a block means discharge, engine-
men don't run by it Where the man whq
takes a chance gets along better than the
one who "hangs up," the blocks are nm
until something happens and then the man
is the scapegoat for doing something he
was permitted to do.

Carl Snyder, in Everybody's for April,
wrote on the question of responsibility and
the statement was made at the beginning
of his article that "the material was largely
obtained from railway officials." This ac<*
counts for part of his reasoning in which
he makes it appear that railroad employes
do not care for life, kill each other off and
when men get in trouble because of viola-
tion of rule "their unions appoint commit-
tees to demand the reinstatement of meq
guilty of criminal negligence."

There is no use in mincing words over a
statement of this kind. Suffice it to say
that the statement is in error and the au-
thor has been lied to by whoever gave him
the information.

Mr. Snyder said:

"But more: the trainmen themselves, the engi-
neers, the firemen, the switchmen, the brakemen —
ih€y do tiot seem specially to care. They kill one
another, they kill passengers and pedestrians, they
go to their own death* all with a kind of stoic
fatalism, as if this amazing slaughter were in-
evitably a part of the industrial scheme. And
when men of their own ranks run past plain-set
danger signals, violate plain rules, thereby endan-
gering human lives, and are fotmd out and sus-
pended or discharged, their unions appoint com-
mittees to demand the reinstatement of men guilty
of criminal negligence."

The entire statement is untrue and the
author was misled by his informants. It
does not require much conjecture to place

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443

the responsibility for the statement It was
ready to be given out more than once and
was withheld because it was "too strong."
The idea that railroad men accept death
stoically and when one of their fellows is
caught violating rules the entire number
demand that punishment be withheld is an-
other attempt on the part of railroad man-
agers to hold the men responsible before
the public

Let it be known that for the past twenty
years the railroad men have worked in and
out of season for legislation that will pro-
tect the employe and the passenger. They
did secure the Safety Appliance Act, but
the railroad companies fought every effort
they made until they were overcome by the
sheer force of public opinion and Congress
had to enact the measure. The Sixteen
Hour Bill was another fight and a final en-
actment It was passed against the strong-
est railroad lobby that ever centered at
Washington, and that same bill will have
to fight its way through the courts to the
Supreme Court before it is accepted as law
by the railroad companies. Some of them
are not through fighting against the Safety
Appliance Act yet, and it was passed four-
teen years ago. The railroad organizations
have done everything they knew to secure
legislation enforcing the use of safety appli-
ances and the railroad companies have op-
posed every proposition. The country ought
to know it if it does not

Every railroad manager in this country is
earnestly invited to tell when and where
committees representing the railroad or-
ganizations demanded the reinstatement of
men guilty of criminal negligence. It hap-
pens at times that two men are held re-
sponsible for an infraction of rule. For in-
stance an engineer was dismissed for run-
ning by a flag. He was flagged by a badly
burning white light, the red light had gone
out The flagman was dismissed for im-
proper flagging. Technically the engineer
was to be censured by the company, but
dismissal for something wholly the fault of
another was not fair. There have been
cases appealed to managers for various rea-
sons, but there has not been a demand made
under threat of any kind by any railroad

organization for the retention or reinstate-
ment of an employe who disobeyed the
running rules, or if there has, it has not
come to the notice of this publication.

In his article Mr. Snyder said :

'There is another matter of which I am fain to
speak and concerning which it is very difficult to
secure reliable information. That is the attitude
of the labor unions, or, more strictly, of some of
their members. I have been told over and over
again of such an occurrence as this:

"When a man is disciplined, an engineer or a
flagman, it is not at all an uncommon procedure
for a committee of the union to appear and say:
'We should like to inquire why you happen to
single out this man. You know very well that
the o£Fense for which he is charged is common
enough on your road. Do you pick on him because
he happens to be prominent in local No. 997 We
want that man reinstated and full pay for all the
days which he has been under suspension.'

"The alternative is not a strike, but if the de-
mand is not complied with it will happen that
when any differences arise, the men will say: "Wo
are ready to deal with your road but not with
Manager A, or Superintendent B, who is against
our union.' The result is very frequently the re-
moval of the offending manager or superintendent,
and the substitution of a more tactful and compli-
ant man. Otherwise the road is pretty sure to
have trouble.

"I do not for one moment suggest that the
higher officials of the railway unions encourage
this sort of thing, nor that Ihey are necessarily
cognizant of it, but it would be surprising if they
were wholly ignorant of it It is obvious that
discipline in such circumstances is next to impos-
sible."

The statements made might have been
true many years ago, but they have not ap-
plied for several years. There have been
times when the men have asked for the re-
moval of minor officials because they have
become personally offensive, because of
their meanness, but they were not operating
officers. Even where the provocation was
great the men were informed by their or-
ganizations that the business of employing
officers was purely that of the company's.
When railroad employes do not like an
officer they can not refuse to treat with him
because "he is against our union." They
do not have to do that, for there is always
the right to appeal to the officer higher in
authority, and the laws of the organiza-
tions state most plainly that "the commit-
tees must place their grievances before the
trainmaster, superintendent or other proper
officer." They are compelled to first place
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iU RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

their differences before the officer lowest in concerned, when he said he secured his sn-
authority who has the power to transact formation from the railroad officials. He
business with them. The laws of the rail- could not get that kind anywhere else,
road organizations are not violated by the Here follows a statement by Mr. Snyder
committees or the members. But if a sub* that was not furnished by a railroad officer
ordinate officer were madvertently passed and it comes pretty close to bearing out
by a conmiittee the road in question would what this publication has said repeatedly:
see to it that the complaint came along "Th« «« *« OTerworked; the hunun machine
through the proper channels. Railroad offi- ?^"°* V^^ from fourte^ to tixteen hours a
• . , ,...«. <**y» »»<* •^ general has become the practice of

cers are very jealous of their rights m treat- working the men beyond their capacity that a bill
ing with their employes. has passed Congress prohibiting the employment

TUm^m «..- ♦;»«-» «,l,^« ^^^ ««.« Alt^^lo^^A ^^ "**** beyond sixteen hours without adequate
There are times when men are dismissed ^^ j^ ^^ ^^^ .^ ^^^ ^^^^ .^^^ ^^ ^^,,

for cause that does not call for such pun- CotU disaster, near Washington, on the Baltimore
ishment The men know what is right and * Ohio, that the engineer responsible for the ac-

what is not They appreciate the force of «**«* ^<* }^ *« /*«*y . •om^irig like forty
... , ^, ^ e '3 . hours out of forty-eight, with no chance for any

public opinion and they are not afraid to ^^^^ ,^ ^n enginetr in tU. condition m.,
allow every railroad company in this COUn- think be te awake, but bia eyea and can and mind
try to tell its grievances out loud, if they **•• •<• "•pond in the oraat way; without knowing
will tell the truth and all of it There is l*: ■"« """ "^J '^'^ Tj^f^ \*^ iT/

, . ,.^ . , ** ^** shown by the production of the time^heets

no need to confuse dlflFerent causes with on this particular dirision of the Baltimore ft

different effects to make a good tale out of Ohio that there were in the two preceding months

a bad story. The railroad organizations ^"^^ »^ hundred train crews that worked beyond

•It . • J 41. • r II I- r - • fourteen hours continuously. This was an aver-

Will not dodge their full share of response ^ ^^ ,,^ ^^ ^^ ^„ one division.

bility. They know there is an element of "What is true of engineers is equaUy true of
human fallibility that will contribute to trainmen, trackmen, signalmen, and others; they
death and disaster as long as human agen- *" ^ ^'^^ ^ ^"» back and flag traimi; some-
,. ^ , .. iv . • . times too weary to care whether they are smashed

Cies direct transportation affairs and they „p or not The accident on the Southern Railway,
do not excuse it. 'There is little sympathy in which President Samuel Spencer lost his life,
for the man who gets discharged for run- •««™f ^ '"•^^ *»««> **»« «»«l* o^ exactly such a

ning a block and no attempt is made to ^«* . "* ^ *u: u *i. * *•.

" 1 iT' t t It is a strange thing, however, that there seems

force the company to take him back. ^ great a need for this Ume-limit law in slack

Much importance is attached to the "sur- P^^^, " *" ^}^ and that it is in some sort a

^ ^,, ^ ., . - ^, •, • protection of the men against themselves. The

prise test On railroads where the block former head of one of the great railway Brother.

system is what it is supposed to be, the hoods told me that while he was at the head of

surprise test will not show any alarming ^^ order one of the hardest things he had to do

results. Where the surprise test shows en- ^" *** ^ '\^]? !i'' "l"* " he rery emphati-

\ cally expressed it, *from hogging it all;* he was

gme after engine running by blocks set .peaking then of times when men were abundant

against them it is because the engineers and work not so much so. There are/ he said,

have been permitted to do it "as long as 'P^">*y o^ engineers and trainmen who will go on

.1.. a. 11 • i-*>» T# -.1- j»j ^ At- <^"*y •*»<* •t*y on for twenty-four hours at a

things went all right."^ If they did not, the ^„,^ ^„p,/^ „„ „,,^ „^y. „j .^j,

engineman was the "goat" and the com- when very often there are extra men waiting about

pany, not respoivsihle. for a chance to earn a day'a wage.

This JointNAL would like the superintend- . "'No'nanl.ln full control of hto facnltfc. work-

, t * « . ing under such conditions. I can remember that

ent or manager who has been removed to „^ ^„ „y„,f ^ , fi,^„^ .^^ „ ,^ „„

make way for a more tactful man with the for k>ng houra It was a part of my buaineta from
railroad Org^anizations to stand right up <'•»• *» •'"•e to turn a ho«e into the engineer'a

and tell his story. ?f *° f"*!" '''"»'' ""^ ^ "" •'?'"• ^

I turned engineer the same thing was done to me.
The Journal is not criticising Mr. Sny- u is next to impossible to keep awake in any other
der for what he has said, for he hammered way.'

the railways even harder than he did the ^"V«nr penetrating, too, was the analysis given by

« , 4.1. a. 1. 4. 1 J ^' **<°^ official of the purely mechamcal side of

organizations, and we know that he told ^.^^^^ operations under such condiUons as obtain

the truth, so far as the organizations are now.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

445

**. 'When,' be continued, the traffic is congested,
there is less time for repsiis; operating men will
take chances. A little something is wrong with
an engine or with the brakes or with a car. Under
ordinary conditions the engine or the car would
be cut out and sent to the shop. Instead, the re-
sponsible men will take chances, hoping to get
through somehow. Business is piling up so fast
that it must be got through. The result many
times is a breakdown, the train is stalled. Very
often this leads to a smash. Then the whole line
is stalled and everybody b turned out to work all
day and all night to get the line dear/ "

The railroad companies, not the railroad
organizsitions, are t6 blame. The railroad
employe cannot escape his share of respon-
sibility, nor should he, but it is unfair to
attempt to saddle the entire question on
him because his employer looks for a goat
to carry his own sins into the wilderness
and finds him convenient for the purpose.

There is not a railroad man today who
has enough time for anything. He is on
the jump always. Heavy traffic, retrench-
ment in favor of dividends, failure to keep
equipment of all kinds up to business de-
mands, long hours, and an antiquated sys-
tem of train orders and train running that
confuse even the men who have them in

charge, contribute their full share toward
the disastrous results.

Our railroads are prosperous and can af-
ford to provide for the increased traffic
conditions. They are paying all the way
up to as high as forty per cent and they
could well afford to reduce dividends and
install safety devices.

We do not object to the enforcement of
punishment for violation of rule. When
one man out of every nine employed is in-
jured and one out of each one hundred and
thirty-three is killed during the year, it is
rather difficult to believe that those who
escape injury and death will demand, by
threat, that the employes who willfully vio-
late rules to the danger of life and limb be
permitted to continue in such violation.

The Journal is very willing to have every
railroad officer who has reached the posi-
tion of superintendent, or better, tell his
story of wrong at the hands of the Brother-
hood of Railroad Trainmen and he is par-
ticularly urged to show where this organ-
ization has caused him trouble because of
his refusal to reinstate its members who
were fairly dismissed for violation of rule.

Government Versus Individual Construction.

The references made in Congress to the
buildmg of the new British battleship,
Dreadnaught, have shown us that the Eng-
lish government can build a battleship in
about one-third the time it takes to build
one of the same class in the United States.

As battleships go, taking the improve-
ments into consideration, one that is three
years in building is ready for the junk
heap almost as soon as she is finished.
Taking the opinions of naval experts for
what they are worth, the length of time it
takes to* build a battleship for the United
States, condemns the ship to uselessness
when compared with ships built by other
nations and completed at the same time.
The foreign battleships have the advantage
of more recent construction and all that
gpoes with it, which in these dajrs is con-
siderable.

It shows a lack of something, somewhere,
that is peculiar to all government contracts,
when the time consumed in building a bat-
tleship or a public building is several years
longer than the time used to build some-
thing of the same kind for an individual.

Transportation companies do not spend
from three to five years in building their
ocean grey hotmds; individuals or corpor-
ations, do not take ten years to build a
comparatively small building, but the same
contractors who build for the corporation,
or the individual, will use several years
more to do the same, or less, work for the
government, and nothing is done to hurry
the work along; the delay is accepted as a
part of our system of governmental opera-
tion, and it goes at that.

A comparison in construction will serve

to show how the work is carrie4 on when

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the goverament stands good for it and when
an individual foots the bill

Several years ago the government made
an appropriation to erect a Federal build-
ing in Cleveland. The contracts were let
and in due course of time» after Congress
■ had passed and re-passed on materials and
other matters, the work commenced. The
government rented a building in Qeveland
for ten years, to be used for postoffice and
other government business. The new build-
ing is creeping along slowly, as did the
Chicago postoffice, and every other post-
office for that matter, and one of these
days, in the due course of governmental
affairs, the Federal buildmg will be done
and — out of date.

Quite a while after the Federal building
was started, John D. Rockefeller com-
menced a building that will hold the Fed-
eral building and leave room for others ot
the same size. This Rockefeller structure
has been completed for over a year. This
is the difference in private and government
work, and why is it? Why should the gov-
ernment delay its work and who profits
thereby? Rockefeller did not have to con-
sult Congress or placate any Congressmen
with "pork-barrel" tendencies; he did not
have to make place for inspectors and
others who live on political reward; he did
not have to regard the contentions of the
friends of different stone quarries and study
the political effect of his decision and he,
therefore, started and finished his building^
and now receives the revenue therefrom
while the Federal structure is still hang-
ing in the air and middle-aged Qevelanders
look forward to old age and the completion
of the Federal building as things that will
come together as a natural consequence.

The sutement, as it applies to Cleveland,
applies to every other public enterprise paid
for by the government. The whole history
is delay, political interference and an out
of date structure when it is finished.

The life of a battlesfiip is at best a few
years. When we consider that the Oregon,
she of the splendid record and undying
fame, that sailed around a continent and
was ready at the end of her trip to go into
action, is now relegated to the scrap heap,
the life and usefulness of the battleship

can be understood. The vessels that stood
the brunt of the work during the Spanish-
American war are obselete, almost, as the
old iron dads that were dug up out of their
graves and put on duty as coast defense
vessels at that time.

If the United States starts to build a
vessel of the Dreadnaught type, and uses
the same time as it has on other vessels,
the new 20,000 ton battleship will be three
years older than a ship coming out of a
foreign shipyard at the same time.

The Atnerican workman works faster
and, we are told, as well as his foreign
brother. His mechanical advantages enable
him to produce more in a given time. The
long story of government contract work is
not to be laid to the workmen but to their
employers. They do not waste time on
private contracts as they do on government
work, and England, with her largest battle-
ship in the world, built in one year and tried
at that, shows there is something behind
our government contract work that profits
some one or the jobs would be gotten out
of the way as other jobs are rushed
through.

Last year Congress decided to build a
20,000 ton battleship but did not provide the
money. This time Congress passed upon
the plans and provided the money. Imagine
the high order of intelligence that Con-
gress exercised when it decided upon the
plans. The average Congressman knows more
about an incubator than a ship of any kind
and at that holds no certificate of his ex-
ceptional incubator knowledge.

The difference is the same difference that
exists where they do things and where they
prevent their being done. With us the
project has to be started, encouraged and
carried out with due regard to political
effect rather than useful results. When all
the politicians have been placated, the con-
tractors assured they will not be offended,
and other interests that demand a share ot
the "pork" before they will vote the neces-
sary appropriation, have been handed their
bit, the work can proceed with careful re-
gard to the feelings of the politicians with
the consequent life-long period waiting for
completion.

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Wantid. — ^AddrcM of Jeste Manldn, last heard their Qtieen wttches. We htve tn unlimited nuin-
from was running out of Galveston, Texas. Write ber of them, so we ask everybody to take one for
F. W. Ives, Secretory No. 68. thirty subscriptions.

Wantid. — ^To know the whereabouts of Wake-
field Dunlap. Last heard from in Grand Island,
Neb., on the U. P., in 1908. Address Bobbie

Burns, Frackville, Pa.

• • •

Wamtd. — ^To know the whereabouts of Mike
Daley, of Lodge No. 890. Last heard from at
Little Rock, Ark. Address his mother, Mrs. Mary
Daley, No. 08 £. Eighth street, Peru, Ind.

• • •

Wanted. — ^To know the whereabouts of Thomas
O'Hara. Last heard of he was working in Minne-
sota. Address, Charles H. Phillips, No. 708 Pine

street, St. Louia^ Mo.

• • •

Wanted. — ^To know the address of C E. Somer-
ville and M. Fowler, who formerly worked out of
Smithville, Texas, on the M. K. & T. Address, C
H. Hubbell, General Delivery, WiUiamsport, Pa.

• • •

Wantsd. — ^To know the address of A. R. Nixon*
formerly a member of Lodge No. 890. Address, J.
A. Frasier, No. 46 Putnam street* New Haven,

Conn.

• • •

Wanted. — ^To know the whereabouts of Daniel
F. Bergan. Last heard from was working on the
Burlington, out of Lincoln, Neb. Address C
Angelo, No. 114 W. Sargent St, Litchfield, IlL

• • •

Anyonb knowing the address of Mart Wight, a
member in good standing of Clover Leaf Lodge
No. 400, or any of his relatives, will plesse send
same to Charles Clayton, No. 817 4th St, Charles-
ton, HL Something of importance!

• • •

Wanted. — ^To know the address of J. D. Manion,
formerly employed as engineer on the B. ft O.,
working out of Benwood yard. Was last heard
from in San Antonio, Texas. Address J. E. Dob-
son, Agent, Lodge No. 881.

• • •

Wanted. — ^To know the address of Thomas L.
Murphy. Last heard from in December, 1900, in
Bellevue, Ohio, on the N. Y. C. & St L. R. R.
Address, Ernest Levesque, No. 69 Union street, W.

Springfield, Mass.

• • •

QUEEN WATCHES.
A number of our lady friends are doing good
work for the Jouinal by getting subscriptions and
it will not be long before several of them will have

W. L. Lansing, a member of Lodge No. 80,
has disappeared from Winslow, Ariz., where he
had been employed as brakeman on the Santo Fe.
He is medium height, blue eyes, light complexion,
reddish brown hair, light eye-brows, high fore-
head, age thirty-eight Address Mrs. W. L. Lan-
sing, No. 520 East Burleson St, Marshall* Tex.

• • •

South Chicago, III. — Brother H. B. Rogers,
of Lodge No. 716, paid his dues for April, May
and June on March 88nd, secured traveling card
good through the month of April, and myster-
iously disappeared. Any information concerning
this brother will plesse be sent to C J. Baker,
Financier of Lodge No. 716.

• • •

Steacusb, N. Y.— Lodge No. 880 is getting
along very nicely, and admitting members at al-
most every meeting. The majority of these are
coming from the yards at De Witt,

We have a very nice amount in our sick fund,
which was added, to very substontially by a dance
held on March 18th.

JouBNAL Agent, Lodge No. 880.

• • •

WALKING STICK.
Mr. J. Condon, Box F, Yuma, Ariz., writes that
he has a cane made from paper contoined in the
RAnjK>AD Teain men's Joubnal, which he will
sell for twenty-five dollars. Any of the brothers
needing an article of this kind for themselves, or
for fairs, or to be used as prizes for ticket selling,
etc, will communicate with him.

• • •

Montevideo, Minn.— Lodge No. 704 was organ-
ized April 14th with 86 members and applications
are coming to us at all of our meetings. We ex-
pect to have an excellent lodge, for we are getting
the right kind of material. Brother Dodge as-
sisted us to organize and we all had a good time.

A. Johnson,
Journal Agent, No. 704.

• • •

CoNNELLSVtLLE, Pa.— The members of Lodge No.
818 presented Brother B. F. Johnston, who has
been Chairman of their Grievance Committee for
the past twelve years, with a purse of seventy-five
dollars, in recognition of the excellent service he
has rendered the members of the lodge. The tes-
timonial to Brother Johnston was a splendid tribute
of bis popularity with the membership.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

PsiNCBToy, Ind.— Lodge No. 861 meets in the
tame place aa it has for a long time, and is build-
ing up a splendid membership of genuine railroad
men. The members are attending lodge very nicely
and our meetings have been better this year than
ever before.

I trust every member who is not receiving his
JouftNAL will let me know, and I will attend to it
for him. W. J. Swamn.

• • •

Oakland, Cal.— Lodge No. 71 has increased ito
membership continuously since the Switchmen's
Union started a lodge at Oakland, and there are
very many applications to be acted on in the near
future, so it can be taken for granted that Lodge
No. 71 will not suffer any because of the compe-
tition.

Any brothers looking for road or yard work on
the Coast can secure it at Oakland, and we are
alwaya glad to have members in good standing
come our way. H. S. Fowlbb.

• • •

Thviicomd, W. Va. — Lodge No. 699 is coming
to the front very nicely, but our members do not
seem to understand the absolute necessity for each
one of them doing his full share to help the Broth-
erhood along.

It is unfair to expect one or two of the members
to do all the work, so let everybody come out and
do his share. We have a good set of officers and
are admitting new members at every meeting. As
soon as the employes are old enough to join, they
come with us. I hope we will have a splendid at*
tendance in the future.

J. A. Hon.

• • •

MxBioxAN, Miss. — Brother Harry Adams« of
Lodge No. 677, while acting as organiser on the
M. ft O., visited No. 878, and with the assistance
of one of her members, succeeded in getting a
class of seventy-eight members, who were ad-
mitted April let, 1907. Another class of about
thirty-five will be ready for the first meeting in
May.

This is surely going some, and we expect in
the very near future to have a membership of
more than two hundred.

W. Blakslt.

• • •

Sblma, Ala. — Lodge No. 780 is doing very
nicely. It is admitting new members at every
meeting and there are a number of eligible ones
who are on the way to membership.

Since we secured our new contract our members
have been attending the meetings and we have had
some excellent ones. Our officers are of the very
best, and are always doing everything possible for
the good of the lodge.

Every member seems to appreciate what the Or-
ganization has done« and is doing what he can to
make this the best lodge in the South.

A. M. Cox.

• • •

WASHING DONE FREE.
One of our advertisers, Mr. R. F. Bieber, Gen-
eral Manager of the famous 1900 Washer Co. of

Binghamton, N. Y., is so enthusiastic over the
work done by his wonderful Gravity Washer that
he makes a wide-open, unlimited offer to let the
machine do all the family washing for a month on
free triaL Mr. Bieber has sold a great many
washers to our subscribers and everybody who has
tried the Gravity Washer has been so delighted
with the work it does that he saya he will be glad
to send out washers on free trial to any reliable
reader of our paper.

He also says he is not particular whether parties
who decide to keep the washer pay for it by the
week or by the month.

You con get full particulars of this liberal Free
Trial offer and 'Tay as it Saves for You'* plan
of selling by sending your name and address to
the General Manager of the 1900 Washer Co., Mr.
R. F. Bieber. 607 Henry street, Binghamton, N. Y.
• • •

Dbshlbk, O. — I have read a letter or two in
defense of the cripple. I trust the members of the
B. of R. T. will not overlook the appeal that has
been made to them to do something for the man
who has been unfortunate.

I lost my right hand about two years ago and
have never had a job on the B. ft O. aince that
time, neither have I received my insurance from
the B. ft 0.« which compelled me to pay for insur-
ance be tore I was allowed to work.

I ask, "Why should we keep up our dues in the
B. of R. T. if there is no further protection for
us?" A. £. Stbvkmson.

Febsno, Cal. — Commencing with the second
Sunday in April, Lodge No. 420 will meet every
second and fourth Sunday at 8 p. m., instead of at
7 p. m., as formerly.

We hope this will be more satisfactory to our
members and give some of our brothers a chance
to attend, who fell back on the excuse that they
were on local, and had to get up so early that they
could not attend.

Since the election of our officers, the members
have been taking more interest in the meetings than
before. Applications are coming in at every meet-
ing, and everything looks much better for us than
it did. A good attendance always impresses a
candidate favorably, and it is to be hoped that all*
of the brothers will be out and lend us a hand.
JotniNAL Agent.

Wbst Crbstbb, Pa.— Lodge No. 648 is one year
old and has a membership of seventy-two. The
lodge has a very nice treasury and has recently
added a good sum to it, as the proceeds of a draw-
ing held by the lodge.

Our members are working nicely together, and
the resulu show for themselves. New members are
coming at every meeting, and a number of our
crews are solid. We hope by this time next year
that every employe that is eligible will be with us.

A recent visit from Brother Fitzpatrick was very
much appreciated by all of us, and his advice will
do us a great deal of good.

F. A. Fxnbqaii.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 449

MORE INSURANCE. C. A. Boay, Lodge No. ie9« receipU for one

I have noticed the insurance question dis- 7^^*

ctassed in the Jodrmal. I find that nearly all of C. W. Adams, Lodge No. 875, receipts and $10.

the boys in our lodge who carry Class C in the F- O. Thomas, Lodge No. 82, receipts, pass and

Trainmen are insured in other companies. As ?■•• '*^'''

long as we are in the insurance business it seems ^^^ Anderson, Lodge No. C02, receipU and

to me that we ought to find a way to raise our ^^ book.

policies to a higher amount, so that we can fur- I'<>^ Fatten, Lodge No. 466, receipts, lost at

nish our members with all the insurance they ConnellsviUe.

^mt. ^* ^* I^ickson, Lodge No. 870, receipts and

Of course, the insurance assessments will be traveling card,

high, but we want the insurance just the same. Harry H. HiU, Lodge No. 128, receipU and

As we offer the best and cheapest insurance of !>•«»«» '<>«" 1*07.

any association, we ought to be able to raise our W. L. Graf. Lodge No. 128, January, February

Class C policies to two thousand dollars, and add •"d March receipts,

another class of twenty-five hundred. W. B. WeUs. Lodge No. 608, traveling card and

F. L. DicKiNSOM, Lodge No. 96.

April receipts, with order for secret work.

C. £. Robertson, Lodge No. 248, traveling card,
two years receipts and service letters from O. & St.

FaBBPOtT, Pa. — I carefully noted with interest l. St. L. L M. & S. St. L. ft S. F.

the contents of Brother James J. Fraisure's letter 'p. M. Troxell, Lodge No. 497,* rei»pt case con-

of No. 697 in our Journal of March, and I con- ^^i^ receipU; also five ball tickeu. The brother

sider that he has sUrted something; that we one ^y, ^e will reward the party returning the above

and all should get after and make every effort to ^ ]||g^

hav<^-a national home for our cHppled and dis- c. O. Wier, Lodge No. 284, two years' receipU,

abled brothers, also a school for the education of „p to March, 1907, clearances from Southern Pa-

their children, in order to prepare them to play cjfic^ h. ft T. C, Bi. K. ft T. and T. ft P. E. P. ft

well their part in this world. This can be done s. W., four meal tickeU, $47.00 cash and other

very easUy if one stops to think. A tax of five valuable papers. The above was in a red leather

cenU per month on each member, as Brother ^gg^

Fraisure sUtes, will solve the problem, and I am • • •

of his opinion that there U not a brother who CONVENTION SUGGESTIONS.

ZH ^"^^^^ ^^ "^ ^"""^^ to such an ^^ ^,^^ ^^ ^^ Brotherhood of Railroad

° ^ _ , ^ ,. Trainmen will soon be assembled in convention at

Yourt fraternally, AtlanU. Ga.

JAS. H. SwMiiY. ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ hundreds of dele-

^ ^ ^ gates who composed the Buffalo Convention in

1906, and no one appeared to foresee, at that time,

Laxb Cbailbs^ La. — I note that Brother La the ayti-pass legislation since imposed by the fed-

FonUine suggested a shortening of the limit of ser- eral authorities.

vice prior to admission, and I can not agree with Today no transporUtion company can lawfully

him. I believe that by keeping a man out of the grant transporUtion over iU lines to anyone

Organizati<^ for one year we can become thor- except he or she be an employe of the company

oughly acquainted with him and know whether he granting the favor.

is fit to be a member or not. There was a time in the past when the writer

Many young men sUrt in thinking that railroading strenuously opposed lengthening the interval be-

will be easy work, but find it different and give it tween conventions. At those periods there was

up, and, therefore, would not make good members, much need for holding our conventions frequently.

Brother La Fontaine said that some of the men Our Constitution was faulty. The Order, up to

worked for a season in one place and then went 1894, while it had many crude contracU with

elsewhere, and all of the time they were non-union transporUtion companies, was, notwithstandingly,

men. I think it would be better to keep them out weak. We lacked numerical strength — ^members —

the required time than to take them so soon, and and organized mobility,

before they are really tried out The '"94" crisis nearly stranded us both physi-

There are a lot of railroad men who find them- cally and financially.

selves entirely out when the extra board is reduced. When we met in Convention at Galesburg in

and the extra men are usually the inexperienced 1896 we found the situation so badly demoralized

ones. I think by holding a man off for twelve in the Grand Lodge that but one of the Vice Grand

months, he is sure to be settled in his position, and Masters was re-elected. This one elected we made

would make a desirable member. Grand Master. He is our present able and re-

MASTit Lodge No. 712. spected chief. The Moses (to me) to the children

• • • of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, and

deservedly so regarded. To continue: that Con-

LOSTI vention left a legacy of nearly two hundred thou-

The following articles herein mentioned as lost, sand dollars ($200,000) of debt to a membership

if found, will please be returned to the Financier of less than 20«000.

pf tll« W?e oi whi9|i tlM! loH' ^ # nWW^r; ^OF^vcr, it, tber^ p^i then, at t^^ Qf^^bvrg

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Convention in 1805, laid a foundation deep and
broad for the 00,000 human edifice that resta upon
it now, and the additional tena of thouaanda that
will flock to it in the daya to come.

If elected new, and, in most cases, untried offi-
cers, who must render an accounting of their
stewardship at conventiona held not too far apart.
The Order barely escaped foundering on the shoals
of error in 1894. Many believe the Galesburg
Convention saved the Order. It was the most re-
markable in ita work, and fortunate in its results
of any in our history, and it was to the B. of R.
T., what the Continental Congress was to the
United Sutes when on the Fourth of July, 1776,
it gave utterance to the Declaration of Independ-
ence.

The 1895 Galesburg Convention elected new, but
able men. It launched out under new, and what
we hoped would prove progressive and practical
policies, yet all of the conditions mentioned in
the foregoing absolutely required our members to
hold conventions frequently, whereby we mi^t
more quickly judge of the utility of the new poli-
cies, also consider the fitness of our new leaders
to successfully lead.

Briefly atated, the foregoing not only justified
the biennial period for our conventions, but, in the
opinion of probably a majority of the members,
made it reasonably indispensable.

At AtlanU the delegates will find that most, if
not all, of our Grand Lodge officera have made
more than good, as usual, in the discharge of their
official responsibilities for the two years past.
They will also find the general policy of pro-
gressive conservatism permanently fixed, and
sufficiently elastic to be adaptable to the evolu-
tionary changes that mtist come from time to time
in the course of human affaira. All thia makea
the holding of the Biennial Convention a perfunc-
tory and a semi-useless expenditure of human
energy — a waste of money that should be left in
every brother's pocket

I understand the lodges are expected to vote on
the expediency of paying the Atlanta delegates
|6 per day and two centa per mile. Would it not
have been also fully as expedient to have included
the four-year Quadrennial Convention also in this
referendum to the lodges?

Now that the Brotherhood'a official personnel is
undeniably able and diligent and ita policies proven
to be permanent and adaptive, and in view of the
fact that the members of our Order must pay the
cost of railway fares of delegates to and from
Convention hereafter, it seems, to one who has at-
tended aeveral conventions in the capacity of dele-
gate, that thia Convention should regard, as a
sacred duty, the necessity for making such slight
changes in the Constitution as will provide a fair
and just method of handling questionable dis-
ability daima and the aubmission of important
mattera in referendum form to the membership.

The Biennial Convention should have been aban-
doned at least four years ago. Now that it b no
longer necessary, and every honest member who
knows anything about them ought to admit it,
let us trust and Wiey^ that tbp ddegatet tp At-

lanta will add a common aense laurel to their
acta while there by adopting the Quadrenoial
Convention period.

D. C BOMD.

• • •

A Chance To Make An Easy Extra.

There ian't a reader but who would be perfectly
willing to make a little* easy money. We offer
the chance for every member to make a fair wedc'a
wages by getting subscriptions for the Joubnal.
Our prize offers are of the beat. Our watcbea
are among the beat on the market and sell for
$60.00, $36.00 and $30.00 and our commissions
offered through them run from 100 to 66 per cent,
which is about aa high as can well be paid for
any kind of agency work.

. We do not want our brothers to ask their friends
to subscribe for this Jousmal by putting up a
plea for charity. There is no charity about IL
We contract to give a dollar'a worth of gooda
for the dollar paid for subscription. We want
every business and profeasional man to know
something of this organization and we believe that
if they will read the Journal they can gain the
information desired as well aa much other useful
economic education that will not hurt them any.

You advise Mr. Businessman that the Tkaxm-
mkn's Journal is a business proposition with yon,
and him, just as he will tell you that what he
wanU to sell you is. He would not think of
denying a hearing to a solicitor for other business,
not by a long shot. If he does not want the
Journal, we do not want him to have it. but if
he can be persuaded to take it as he takea other
publications we want him to have it and we hope
our brothers will not let him get away without the
asking.

Send for subscription blanks and receipt book,
look over the list of prizes in the advertising
pagea and then get to work, make a little easy
over time, and put the Journal where it will do
the most good for your Brotherhood.

Business Subscribers Received For
April

Under this head the Journal wtV print once
the name, business and business address of each
business firm, or, of each person in business for
himself, or, representing a business firm aa its
agent who anbscribes for one year. The Idea is
to inform our readers who among their businessmen
have aubscribed and to recommend to them the
fairness of giving their patronage to those who have
patronized the Journal.

WEST PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Received from C Mahoney, Lodge No. 687:
P. E. Hurley, Hotel, 44th and Lancaster ave.
Jas. O'Kane, Hotel, 4418-20 Lancaster avenue.

SPOKANE, WASH.
Received from B. McLaughlin, Lodge No. 741;
C. D. Cory, Riverside Hotd.

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451

MASSACHUSETTS.
Raceived from G. B. Herrick, Lodge No. 286:

SOUTH FRAMINGHAM.
A. W. Johnson, Shoe Rep«irer, 5 Concord.
Marcos Silvcrstein, Tailor, 18 Howard.

MARLBORO.
C S. Thomaont Sutioner, 181 Main.

CEDAR RAPIDS, lA.
Received from H. M. Clark, Lodge No. 66:
J. T. Carmody, Foundry ft Machine Shop.
T. S. Metcalf, Printer and Binder.
W. G. Downa. Real Estate.
Dr. Hamilton, Physician ft Surgeon, Savings
Bank.

Drs. Ristine ft RumU Physicians ft Surgeons,
Kimball Bldg.
S. B. Beatty, Undertaker, Masonic Temple.
O. Soloman, Clothing ft Gents Furnishings.

A. Franchere, The Fair.
L N. Kramer, Florist

F. Hurt, Painter and Decorator. 1806 C St W.

Geo. Williams* Opera House Annex.

J. F. Lsicar, The Annex.

J. L. Bachman, Sample Rooou

M. Hines, Sample Room.

M. Y. Bealer, The Quarries, Cedar Valley, la.
MISSOURL

Received from £. E. Schmulling» Lodge No. 57:
MOBERLY.

Fred Oliver, Oliver Hotel and Restaurant

Thackston ft Owen, East Side Grocers 110 £.
Coates.

L. W. Kelly, Care Travelers Insurance Co., 606
South WiUiams.

T. H. Jones Drug Co., 208 Reed street

J. W. Walden, Wines and Liquors, 114 Reed.

O. B. Dingle, Up-to-Date BUliard and Pool Par-
lors, 404 Reed.

J. W. Fox, Wines and Liquors, 204 No. 4th.

D. E. Barnes, Eaat Side Meat Market. 118 E.
Coates.

Johannes Goetze, Pianos and Organs.

Martin ft Fea, Cafe and Restaurant, 208 N. 4th.

Baur ft Kioner Bakery and Confectionery, Cor.
Reed and 4th.

John P. Beuth, Plumbing and Heating, 111 No.
WUliams.

B. R. White, Wood and Coal Yard, Livery, Feed
and Sale Suble, 102 So. WUliams.

Fred Priesmeyer, Drugs, 201 Reed.

W. A. Patrick, Groceries, Barrow and Porter sts.

C. E. Zahl, Drugs, 819 Reed street

W. S. Henry's Shaving Parlor, 428 Reed street

Mrs. Wm. Radell, Bakery and Confectionery,
216 No. CUrk.

P. Halloran, Manager Moberly Opera House,
828 No. Williams.

Turner ft Desldns, Restaurant, 217 Reed street.

D. F. Carpenter, Watchmaker, Jeweler, etc, 218
Reed street

Baker 8c Baker, The 99 Cent Store, 418 Reed.
Mangus Drug Co., 649 W. Coates.
J. E. Johnson, Cigars, 548 W. Coates.
Chas. H. Dombach, Jos. SchliU Brewing Co.'s
Beer, 117 Reed street
O. Ratzer, Baltimore Bar.

Weldon ft Alsobrook, Props. Baltimore Hotel.

Davin ft Sons, Wagons, Carriages, etc., 409 W.
Coates.

E. M. Dingle, Prop. Restaurant

Geo. A. Young, Jeweler, 815 Reed.

Max Lowenstein, Clothing and Gents Furnish-
ings, 808 Reed.

H. H. Wayland, Flour, Hay and Feed, 546 W.
Reed.

Received from E. E. Schmulling, Lodge No. 57:

Bank of Moberly.

Tom Kelly, Merchants Hotel.

W. J. Young, Mgr. Wabash Hotel.

Henry Levy, Dry Goods, Clothing and Shoes,
Cor. Reed and Oark.

J. S. Van Cleve ft Co., Furniture, Undertakers
and Embalmers, 211 No. Clark.

Herman J. Lotter, Moberly Trust Co.

Little Dick Clothing Co., 806 Reed.

Qerton ft Walton, Drugs, 819 Reed.

Dingle ft Fressler^ Gents Clothing ft Furnish-
ing Goods.

Short Bros., Wines ft Liquors, cor Coates ft 4th.

Christian Bros., Groceries ft Feed, 822-24 Reed.

J. S. Bowers ft Son, Bowers Trade Palace.

Mechanics Savings Bank.

G W. Chase, Watch Maker and Jeweler.

R. Gross, Wholesale Candies.

O'Keefe Bros., Wholesale Grocers, W. Coates.

Lloyd Wayland, Grocery and Bakery.

H. Mathews, Wines and Liquors.

Julius Miller, Moberly Trust Co.
BRUNSWICK.

L. Kinkhorst ft Son, General Merchandise.

Knight ft Rucker.

T. I. Beazley, Short Order House and Confec-
tionery.

Harry Litchfield, Wines, Liquors and Cigars.

W. M. Hopkins, Leader Hardware Store.

C E. Lea, Groceries.

B. F. Triplett, Opera House Pool ft Billiard Hall.
J. M. Peery ft Son, Lumber, Lime and Cement
C W. Bowen, Drugs and Jewelry, Watch In-
spector Wabash R. R.

First National Bank.

G. T. Hecke, General Merchandise.

L. E. Merrill, Opera House Restaurant

Geo. Staubus, Cattle Buyer and Shipper.

M. B. Austin, Local Surgeon for Wabash R. R.

Brunswick Tobacco Co.

J. E. Boyer, Union House.

Finch ft Gritzmacher, Opera House Bar.

HUNTSVILLE.
A. L Vanderbeck, Wines and Liquors.

C. C. Sandison* Groceries.

Lumb & Bailey, Grocery and Meat Market
MacCormac ft Sears, Flour, Feed and Hay.
W. G. Huston, Sheriff Randolph County.
Fred Johnson, Marshal.

SALISBURY.
Sutter ft Breitenbach, Wines and Liquors.
Tillerson U Hays, Lunch Room ft Confectionery.
Eli Shire, Dry Goods, Carpets, Millinery, etc
J. B. Hayes, Salisbury Bottling Works.
Thomas Karcher, Saloon.
R. A. Huber, Bakery and Confectionery.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

CLIFTON HILL.
D. J. Hittcfainion & Co., Dciwrtment Store.
C Buchanan, Druggist.
T. R. Mayo, Mayo Tie and Lumber Co.
Dr. W. R. Terrill Drugs, etc
DALTON.

D. Iglehart, Grain Man.

W. A. Kroxberger, General Merchandise.

T. R. Hamilton, Bank of Dalton.

W. T. Cropper, Hardware, Stores, etc

C H. Hoffman & Co., Dry Goods and Groceries.

H. S. Freeman, Wines and Cigars.

MINNESOTA.
Received from C. W. Straub, Lodge No. 612:

COLOGNE.
Fritz ft Johnson, General Merchandise.
H. H. Shepers, Milk and Dairy Co.
W. Menwisser, Building MateriaL
Cologne Mill Co.

NORWOOD.

E. Myers, City Dray Line.

A. H. Fabel, Wet Goods.

W. Bom, Minneapolis Brewing Co.

F. W. Hedtke Manager Samuel Bro. Creamery.

HECTOR.
W. Schuft, aty Meat Mmrket
Pctcnon, Jerpe ft Nelson, General Mdsc
W. Stute, Wines, Liquors and Cigars.

G. F. Kasson. H. C Pierce Land Co.
Johnson Hardware Co.

V. H. Smith. Monarch Elevator Co.
Hector Produce Co.

GLENCOE.
L. S. Dibbs, Dray Line
Carstens ft Buss, Meats.

J. H. Reiner, Jeweler ft C M. ft St. P. Watch
Inspector.
W. G. Gould, Jeweler ft Musdal Supplies.
Glencoe Foundry and Machine Co.
Glenooe Produce Co.

OLIVIA.
W. J. Heaney, Hardware.

B. F. Byers, Hardware ft Farm Machinery.
OlivU Rolling BiiUs.

Olivia Bottling Works.

J. W. Ptoyhart, Empire Elevator Co.

DANUBE.
W. F. Nuenburg, Lumber and Coal.
W. Finley, Farmers Elevator Co.
G. A. Zacher, Exchange Elevator Co.
H. W. Shoemaker, General Merchandise.
Otto Schmidt, Hardware ft Farm Machinery.
H. Kuether« Sample Rooms.

RENVILLE.
H. Hoen, Hoffman ft Hoen Elevator Co.
Renville Produce Co.

SACRED HEART.
G. C. Aarmes, McGregor Bros. Lumber Co.
H. E. Brawn* Real Estate and Loans.
P. H. Poison, General Merchandise
E. P. Dosseth, City Dray Line.
BIRD ISLAND.
H. P. Huson, Interior Lumber Co.
H. Amsdorff, City Drsy Line.
Paul Kolbe, Bird Island Produce Co.

T. Hurley, E. W. Sumner Elevator Co.
J. Posl, Restanrant and Confectionery.

BROWNTON.
Peter Jensen Lumber Co.
W. C GfOth» aty Vraj Line

PLATa
J. Ziegenbagen* City Hotel ft Sample Rooms.
D. Bergman, General Merchandise.
Minder Merchandise Co.
D. J. Graupman, Hardware.
J. Kemple ft Son, Furniture, Wall Paper and
Sewing Machines.

BUFFALO LAKE.

C Steinkopf, Farmers Elevator Co.

J. Schwab, Wines, Liquors and Qgars.

R. E. Sell, Home Cured Meats.

IL Zulke, City Dray line

J. P. Shepard, Commercial HoteL

Geo. Quast, City Dray Line

GRANITE FALLS.

Geo. Dillingham, aty Dray Line
MONTEVIDEO.

Dr. Rogers, B. R. T. Physician.

P. Calmeson, Mens and Boys' Oothing ft Shoes.

M. G. Oleson, Gents Furnishing Store.

Shiehan Bros., Bakery and Restaurant

H. C. Miller, River Side HoteL

Simon Bros., Basar.

C Waldeck, Pioneer Meat Msrket.

Anderson ft Oleson, Cosmopolitan Billiard ft
Pool Room.

T. W. Taylor, Wines and Liquors.
MINNEAPOLIS.

H. Wolfson, Broker ft Jeweler, 108 Washington
avenue, S.

BROWNTON.

Zander ft Zimmerman, General Merchandise

F. C Groth, Meats.

J. Bohn, General Merchandise.

W. Volkman, Wines, Liquors and Cigars.

O. E. Krueger, Wines, Liquors and Cigars.
ABERDEEN, SO. DAK.

R. O. Williams, Exchange Elevator Co.
DETROIT, MICH.

Received from R. E. Morgan, Lodge No. 6S6:

Swift ft Co., 645 Gratiot avenue.

F. C Trowbridge Coal and Lumber Co., 606
Garfield avenue

D. B. Bancroft, Jeweler, 118 Broadway.
NEEDLES, CAL.

Received from H. E. Carmichael, Lodge No. 4S0:

Lemar Broe

Newmark ft Folks.

Monahan ft Murphy.

Needles Mercantile Co.

Hon. Judge L. W. Root

Murphy, Briggs ft Co.

Dr. D. W. Ree«, Needles Point Pharmacy.
LOS ANGELES, CAL.

Received from E. C. Hertchew, Lodge No. 78:

A. J. Watters, Chemist and Druggist, Hughes
Block, 6th and WalL

Fred. Moll, Barber Shop, E. 6th street

Corona Wine Co.« S60 E. 6th street.

Chas. Hoffman, Grocer, 268 E. 6th street

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DU BOIS. PA.
Rccehred from J. F. McEntire, Lodge No. 698:
W. M. Baxter^ Merchant, Franklin.
A. £. Fisthel, Merchant, Long avenue.
S. Quinn, Druggist, Long avenue.
W. H. Krach, Hotel, Long avenue.
H. R. Bums, Hotel, Long avenue.
Mr. Dietz, Hotel, Long avenue.

SAN ANTONIO, TEX.
Received from M. J. Garvey, Lodge Na 68:
S. M. Hope^ Prop. Maverick Bar.
A. W. Hartung, Broker, 109 Crofton avenue.
W. Kneudell, Prop, Palace Bar, 64S E. Com-
merce street
J. R. Norton, Lawyer, 126 Main Plaza.

HOUSTON.
A. L. Jackson, Lawyer, First National Bank
Bldg.

LAFAYETTE. LA.
Received from C E. Hamisch, Lodge No. 817:
A. Peck. Hotel.
Pellerin Bros., Cafe.

Sotthene Martin, Mgr. Denbo & Nicholson Co.
Ltd.
Landry's Livery SUble.
Prudhomme & McFadden, Grocers.
G. Shmulen, Dry Goods and Notions.
Moulton Bros., General Merchandise.
H. K. Ruger« Jeweler.
Levy Bros., Dry Goods and Motions.
Remy Landry, Prop. Gordon Hotel Barber Shop.
Rousseaux Dugas, Court House Cafe.
T. E. Ellis, Cub Room.
R. C. Creig, Editor Lafayette Democrat
L. J. Crouchet, Mgr. Peck's Hotel Barber Shop.
J. C Clausen, Livery SUble.

ASHTABULA, OHIO.
Received from R. M. Lomax, Lodge No. 84:
Consumers Brewing Co.
W. J. Green, Dentist. 218 Main.
Sanford Rice, Fire Insurance, 220 Main;
LOWELLVILLE.

D. W. Liggett. Meat Market
John Freeh* Meat Market

ILLINOIS.
Received from Geo. J. Timms. Lodge No. 700:

MINONK.
J. R. Gackey, Wholesale Produce.

PONTIAC.

E. O. Reed. Cigar Manufacturer.
A. F. Mette, County Treasurer.

OHIO.
Received from W. O. Weaver, Lodge No. 881:

DENNISON.
Dr. R. A. Wilson.
D. G. Haas, Hardware.
W. M. Hill, Qothing House.

UHKICHSVILLE.
J. A. Calhoun, Piano Dealer.
C. A. Greenlee, Grocery and Dry Goods.

OKLAHOMA.
Received from Chester Reniff. Lodge No. 689.

GRANITE.
L. C. McMurry. Barber Shop.
J. B. Norman, Druggist

LONE WOLF.

J. W. Smartwood. Blacksmith Shop.
MOUNTAIN VIEW.

G. A. Severn, Bowling Alley and Pool Hall.
EL RENO.

C L. Welhnan, Druggist, First Cor. No. of
Postoffice.

Henry Shaper, Wholesale & Retail Liquors.

S. G. Empey. Hardware, 618 Williams avenue.

H. M. Foster, £1 Reno Hotel. Cor. Choctaw &
Wade.

H. B. Wiley, Barber Shop.

Hamskey ft YoUt, Barber Shop, 218 So. Rock
Island avenue.

J. B. Kerrick, Funeral Director and Picture
Framing, 209 S. Rock Island avenue.

T. A. Partwood, Flour, Feed and Groceries, 724
Miles.

HITCHCOCK.
Dan Bet?, Farmer, Route No. 2.

ANADARKO.
A. J. Morris, Attomey-at-Law.

MANGUM.
C. H. Eagin, Attomey-at-Law.

INDIAN TERRITORY.
MINCO.
R. C. Hopkins, Hotel.

POCASSET.
C. E. Cotner, Dry Goods and Groceries.

SO. McALESTER.
Jaa. A. Chapman, Farmer.

BALTIMORE, MD.

Received from H. E. Eaton, Lodge No. 124:

McCarthy ft Harper. Hardware, 846 No. Calvert,

Hotel Kelly, Jos. Gesselbrecht Prop. 1426 N
Charles street

Singers Underselling Store. Men's and Boys
Outfitters. 1444 Light street

J. R. Zink. ResUurant.

R. E. Gordon, Meat Market. 820 W. 29th st

Sig. Rosenblat, Clothing, 408 E. Balto. street

J. H. Farber, Wholesale Liquor Dealer. 843
North street

J. T. Conway. Groceries. 2742 Huntington ave.

Chas. L. Cohen, Shoe Dealer, 816 No. Gay st

G. H. Shelta, Dry Goods, 1468 Light street

J. H. Gehring, Jewelry. 420 No. Gay street.
JACKSONVILLE. TEX.

Received from John T. Sloctmi. Lodge No. 788:

Gregard Bros.^ Hardware.

Johnson Drug Co.

Sam R. Heitleburg. Hotel.

John A. Bell ft Co., Gents Furnishings.

J. L. Brown, Dry Goods.

W. F. Tucker, ResUurant.

Dr. J. A. Print. Dentist.

W. H. Sory. Telephone Exchange.

Joe Dixon« Druggist

W. Y. Forrest. City Marshal.

B. Pinkard, Groceries.
Watts ft Alien, Groceries.
Geo. Scroggins, Cattleman.

C. B. Falls. Meat Market

ATHENS, TEX.
C. Pinkcrton, Cold Drink SUnd. ^^^ j

Digitized by VjOOQIC

454

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

PITTSTON, PA.
Received from W. M. Howell, Lodge No. 888:
C. E. Carpenter, Coal Dealer.

LONDON, ONT.
Received from Chas. Veech, Lodge No. 415:
Carling & Co.« Brewers.

McCullum ft WUles, Coal Merchants, 657 Rich-
mond.
Webster Kemothen, Coal Merchant, Picadilly st.

SOUTH BEND, IND.
Received from Geo. Redding, Lodge No. 88:
Sute Loan Co.

NEWTON, KANS.
Received from T. C. McLaughlin, Lodge No. 817:
A. B. Conrada Jeweler.

LONG PINE, NEBR.
Received from Geo. R. Scott, Lodge No. 190:
J. J. Molt, Pharmacy.

PITTSBURG, PA.
Received from A. F. Morton, Lodge No. 885:
C. J. Berg, Hotel Raymond, 86th and Butler.
Dr. H. C Heiber« 1800 Penn avenue.

AURORA, ILL.
Received from A. J. Stadtlander, Lodge No. 6:
Henry George, Saloon, 8 and 10 Broadway.
Frank C. Burton, Buffet; 108 Fox.
Billings ft Hamlin, Buffet & BilUards, 78-80 Fox.
Dr. A. R. Reder, Physician and Surgeon.

LOUISVILLE, KY.
Received from H. A. Carfield, Lodge No. 156.
Chas. Seng, Jeweler, 806 E. Market.
J. J. Flynn, Wholesale Produce, 800 E. Wash-
ington.
Heller Bros., Cafe« 1206 Storey avenue.
Ed Frantz, Barber, 1587 Storey avenue.

ALTOONA, PA.
Received from W. C Giarth, Lodge No. 174:
Dr. T. M. Morrow, 088 17th street.
F. J. MollOy, Hotel Franklin.

SALIDA. COLO.
Received from W. Henry Curtis, Lodge No. 81:
C. B. Van Oeave, Barber Shop, Box 89.
J. M. Campbell, Troy Laundry, 150 First
Wm. D. Erwin, Real EsUte and Insurance, Box
517.
C A. Chamberlin, Attomey-at-Law, Box 649.
F. C. Woody, Asst. Cashier First National Bank.
The Ramsey Dry Goods Co., F street.
Fred W. Manherz, Keystone Barber Shop, 108
E. 1st street

ONTARIO.
Received from T. J. Curran, Lodge No. 866:

TORONTO.
H. C Stanners, Jeweler, 1800 Queen street W.

TORONTO JUNCTION.
Dr. McVetey, Annette street.
Dr. Oendenning, Dundas and Pacific
Southwell ft Doane, Men*s Furnishers, Dundas
•trect W.
Jas. Greig, Livery, 16 and 17 Keele street, So.
W. J. Sheppard, Jeweler, Dundas street W.
J. H. Agnew, Tailor, Dundas street, E.

BUFFALO, N. Y.
Received from A. B. Harkins, Lodge No. 187:
Joseph Fuhr, Boots, Shoes and Furnishings, 566
Swan.

ILLINOIS.
Received from E. E. Spivey, Lodge No. 760:

VILLA GROVE.
W. A. Keitl^ Cement Contractor.
Guy Richman, City Dairy.
Lander ft Hopkins, Windsor HoteL

F. M. Blackford. Barber.

Dr. L Bi. Miller, Physician and Surgeon.
N. B. Nathan, Clothing ft Gents Furnishings.

G. E. Combs, Jeweler, and C. ft E. L Watch
Inspector.

E. L. Mott, Undertaker ft Furniture Dealer.
Grimes ft Shafer, Union Made Overalls, Gloves

and Shoes.

H. Downer, Bowling Alley ft Billiard HalL

J. C. Howell, Frisco Hotel.

M. Qementz, Wines and Liquors.

F. J. Kircher, Groceries and Queensware.
Levi Moore, Justice of the Peace, Real Estaie

and Loans.
J. A. Sprinkle, Druggist and Sutionery.
Garvin ft Howard* Oroceries.
D. F. Richman* Farm Implements.
Gibeault ft Shanahan, Meat Market
A. F. Van Rheeden, Men's Outfitter.
Dr. G. L. Kennedy, Dentist

BEECHER CITY.
W. S. Barr ft Son, Furniture and Wall Paper.

GALION, OHIO.
Received from Carl Monat Lodge No. 85 s
Kreiter ft Schaefer, Grocers, So. MarkHu
Evans ft Kurley, Grocers, So. Boston.

UNIONTOWN, PA.
Received from F. W. Bush, Lodge No. 490:
Hague ft Gibbs, Shaving Parlors, 64 W. Main.

PITTSBURG, PA.
Received from W. H. Sutch, Lodge No. 885:
A. W. Smith, Florist, 845 6th avenue.
NORTH WEST TERRITORY.
MEDICINE HAT.
O. G. White, Barrister.
Leonard ft Harris, Grocers. ^

TEXAS.
Received from John Appleby, Lodge No. 869:

SAN ANTONIO.
C. E. Boschardt, Branch Cafe, 508 E. Houston.
Hicks ft Hicks, Hicks Building.

PEARSALL.
R. A. Moore, Stockman.

COTULLA.
C E. Manlay, Cotulla Record.

HUNTER.
Dr. E. M. Dunn.

NEW BRAUNFELS,
Louis Herme, Herme Lumber Co.

TAYLOR.
Taylor Cotton Oil Works.

G. A. Richter, Furniture ft Undertaker.
R. B. Spencer, Lumber ft Bl'd'g Supplies.
Diamond Roller Mills.

Taylor Ice Co.

Hugh Williams, Mgr. Taylor Cotton Oil Co.

H. J. Morgan, Mgr. Compress.

McNEIL.
G. H. Mays, Mgr. Martin Bros. Store.

ROUND ROCK.
Dr. J. A. Holloway.

Digitized by

Google

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL

455

VANCOUVER. B. C.
Received from A. J. Spear, Lodge No. 144:
Waverly Uotel« Georgia street
FRESNO, CAL.
Received from C. M. Gorman, Lodge No. 420:
E. L. Hughes, Elite Saloon, 1840 Mariposa.
£. M. Dineen, The Cowan Hotel, 1S56 J.
S. B. Goodman, Gents' Fnmishings, I and Mari-
posa.
T. £. Collins, The Ogle House, H. street.
L. Ackerman, Billiard & Pool Room, 1080 J. st

KARNER, N. Y.
Received from Dennis A. Dwyer, Lodge No. 87 s
John J. Dwyer, Lumber Dealer.
M. Seider, Fancy Poultry.
J. Joyce, Hardware.

EL PASO, TEX.
Received from L. W. Mullen, Lodge No. 80:
Lion Grocery Co., 8 Stanton street.
MARSHALL, TEXAS.
Received from A. Tyler, Lodge No. 866:
J. A. Moore, T. & P. Hospital
LAREDO, MO.
Received from L P. Leach, Lodge No. 269:

D. W. Famsworth, Hardware and Groceries.
G. W. Payton & Sons, General Merchandise.
Harry H. Thomas, Tonsorial Parlors.

Urton ft Robertson, General Merchandise.
A. E. Parkhurst, Lumber and Building Ma-
terial.
Dr. W. R. Adams, Physician and Surgeon.
Chas. Gate, Restaurant and Confectionery.

BUFFALO, N. Y.
Received from A. Van Houten, Lodge No. 187:
A. Fisher, White Bear« 869 Main.
Hotel Goetz, 194 PearL
Geo. Sutton^ Printer, 297 Seneca.

E. Connors, Cafe, 88 Seneca.

E. B. Flynn, Cafe, 1086 Elenwood avenue.

J. Leyden, Hotel, 788 So. Park avenue.

M. Wagner, Cigars, 198 PearL

J. Wood, Cafe, 10 N. Division.

J. L. Snyder, Wholesale Cigar Co., 881 Main.

A. F. Kirkland. Cigars, 197 Pearl.

E. H. Fleschman, Cafe, 888 Main.

Worden Bros., Mont. Mfg, Co., Main ft Michigan.

Youngs Hotel, 42 Niagara.

NOTH BATTLEFORD, SASK.

•

Received from R. W. Morrow, Lodge No. 761:
W. Kennedy, Clarendon HoteL
H. Maher, General Store.
S. Jackson, King Edward Bowling Alley.
J. Haywood, Gents' Outfitter.
Mark Burke, Cafe.

H. La Trace, Bakery and Confectioner.
A. Parks, Jeweler and C N. R. Watch In-
•pector.
P. Nolan, Shoe Store.
W. Dobson, Tailor.

FITCHBURG, MASS.
Received from F. H. McCarty, Lodge No. 886:
J. D. Shea ft Co., 199 Water.
J. J. Phclan, Undertaker, 166 Water.
E. F. Boyle, Baker. 188 Water.
W. A. Hardy & Son, Machine Shop, Water.

CHICAGO, ILL.
Received from G. W. Bradley, Lodge No. 762:
O. H. Donaldson, Physician, 6306 Madison ave.

PERRY, IOWA.
Received from H. Thompson, Lodge No. 86:
Auten's Barber Shop.
W. H. McCammon & Bro.
Helvetia Lunch Room.

TEXAS.
Received from L. W. Mullen, Lodge No. 80:

EL PASO.
Harris Krupp, Gents' Furnishings and Clothing,
San Antonio street.

Hermond Krupp, Gents' Furnishings and Cloth*
ing, San Antonio and Masie avenue.

J. J. Keevil, Groceries and Provisions, 603 N.
Stanton.

VALENTINE.
Keesey & Co., General Merchandise.
Bell ft Cassady, Wines and Liquors.
L. M. Smith, Real Estate.

ONTARIO.
Received from T. J. Curran, Lodge No. 866:

TORONTO JUNCTION,
a W. Adams. Dentist
- Frank Baby, Real Estate, comer Western Road
and Dundas.
J. G. Wright, Druggist, 88 Dundas, East
W. T. Willard, Dentist, 18 Dundas, West
J. M, Evans ft Co., Grocers, 77 Dundas, West
R. A. Carter. Grocer, 210 Dundas, West
Sterling Bank of Canada, 17 Dundas, East
Joseph McNeil, Manager Bank of Hamilton,
Dundas, East
R. Patterson, Plumber, 11-18 Keehe, South.
J. Hains, livery, 84 Midland.
Archer ft Fisher, Tailors and Oeaners, 64 Dun-
das, West

TORONTO.
John Watt, Miller, 211 Royce avenue.
J. S. Clayton, Dry Goods and Barber, 166 Royce
avenue.

LAMBTON MILLS.
R. J. Hanna, Lambton Hotise.
J. K. Fleming, Senate House.

CRAIGHURST.
W. J. Swan« General Store.
R. Waller. Butcher.
Stewart McFadden, Queen's HoteL
Thos. HilU General Store.

CARLTON, WEST.
J. D. Thompson, Groceries.

AUGUSTA, GA.
Received from M. O. Conner, Lodge No. 643:
H. O. Eaton* Michigan Mutual Accident Insur-
ance, 417 Leonard Building.

JACKSON, MICH.
Received from L. W. Swick, Lodge No. 121.
F. Walton* Grocer, 1148 E. Main.
H. Bartlett, Candy Manufacturer, 1187 E. Main.
L. Farrell ft Sons^ Grocers, 1004 E. Main.

DUNSMUIR. CAL.
Received from J. G. Branstetter, Lodge No.
468:

R. H. Hanscom* News Stand.

F. M. Walker, Clothing Store.

G. E. Wright. Cigar Store. ^^ j

Digitized by VjOOQIC

RAlLkdAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ATLANTA, GA.
Received from Self:
J. E. Hanger, Artificial Limb*, Block Building.

TERRE HAUTE, IND.
Received from H. B. Nosier, Lodge No. 281:
G. B. McCracken, Grocer, Lafayette and Maple
avenue.

HOT SPRINGS, ARK.
Received from W. T. Enlow, Lodge No. 40:

C. Hotchkiss, Cigars and News, 611 Central ave.
Great Northern Hotel, opposite Depot.
Craighead's Laundry, 911 Valley.
Rammelsburg Bath House, Bath House Row.
Ozark Bath House, Bata House Row.
Magnesia Bath House, Bam House Row.
Palace Bath House, Bath House Row.
Superior Bath House, Bath House Row.

New Hot Springs Bath House, opposite Arling-
ton Cafe.

Imperial Bath House* Reserve avenue.
Alhambra Bath House, 814 Ouachiu avenue.

John W. Bush, Physician, Sunipter Little BIdg.

O. H. Burton, Physician, 022| Central avenue.

S.J). Weil, Physician, 870 Central avenue.

R. G. Davis, Physician, 870 Central avenue.
ALTOONA, PA.

Received from W. C. Giarth, Lodge No. 174:

Imperial Dry Goods Co., 1100 11th avenue.

Rome HoteU 087 0th avenue.

Carlton Hotel, 11th avenue and 0th street.
JERSEY SHORE. PA.

Received from John M. Bricker, Lodge No. 844:

Myers Bros., Tailors and Gents' Furnishings.

Jos. Mich, Photographer, Allegheny street.

D. P. Miller, Pianos, Organs and Vehicles, Al-
legheny street

M. W. Evans, Five and Ten Cent Store, Al-
legheny street

Miss M. Hertwig, Milliner, Allegheny street.

W. R. Peoples, Attorney, Main street.

The Jersey Shore Daily Herald, Market street.

C. G. Wheeland, Jersey Shore Steam Laundry,
Market street

BERLIN, KAS.

Received from J. J. Zuest, Lodge No. 128:

L. NowasW. Cafe, 122 Broadway.

E. M. Fitzmaurice, Gents' Furnishing and Cloth-
ing.

F. Haner, Cafe.

MEDFORD, OKLA.
Received from W. L. McPherron, Lodge No.
682:
W. H. Kelsey, Restaurant
L. D. Ausherman, Cigars and Confectionery.
W. H. Henderson, Cafe and Post Cards.
N. D. Koch, Commercial Hotel and Transfer.
Oark Wood, Mcdford Star.
Sprague & Bushnell, Palace Saloon.
A. B. Crooch, Arcade Saloon.

CHICKASHA, L T.
MerchanU' Cafe, Chickasha avenue.
E. Cobb. Leland Hotel.
H. J. Bronson* Druggist.
Drs. Leeds & Ambrister, Physicians.
PENNSYLVANIA.
HARRISBURG.
Received from J. M. Lentz:
Yohn Bros., Pianos and Organs, Market street

Jerauld Shoe Co., Market street

Harrisburg Bottling Works, M. P. Johnson, Prop.

Smith & Keffer, Tobacconists, Market street

H. J. Davies, Plumber, 10th and Market

Case's Ice Cream Parlor, 8rd street

Shaner ft Henry, Saloon, Strawberry avenue nr.
8rd street

H. J. Landis, Coal and Wood, Derry street

S. A. Floyd, Musical Instruments, Market Sq.

Holmes Seed Co., Market street

H. H. Hess, Cigars and Pool Parlor, 18th and
Market

Hotel Aldine.

Keister Liquor Store, Market and 6th.

Harrisburg Carpet Co., Market street

Keller's Drug Store, 406 Market street
ALLENTOWN.

Gordon House, 2nd and Hamilton.

Gemert House. 166 Hamilton.

Raw & Ruhf, Props. ''Gast Haus," (German
Hotel), 680 Hamilton street

PENBROOK.

A. Lincoln Shope, M. D., 2884 Main.

S. G. Snoddy, Blacksmith.

PROGRESS.

H. A. Loser, General Merchandise.
CATAWISSA.

F. D. Berringer ft Son, Furniture and Carpets.
CARBONDALE.

Thos. A. Hendricks, Funeral Director.
EASTON.

W. H. Keller ft Son, Pianoa and Organs, 219
N. Hamilton street

SHAMOKIN.

Geo. C Yocum. Stoves and Tin Ware.
SCRANTON.

L. Conrad, Men's Furnishings, 806 Lackawanna.

Anthony Keller, 626 Lackawanna avenue.

Lackawanna Underwear Store, Cor Lackawanna
and Washington avenues.

The Waldorf Shoe Co.. 426 Lackawanna avenue.
PHILLIPSBURG, N. J.

Second National Bank.

P. F. Hagerty, Funeral Director.
WILLLAMSPORT, PA.

Received from Jas. E. Smithers, Lodge No. 444:

The Bush ft Bull Co.. 48-47 W. 8rd street

Geo. Bubb ft Sons, 108 W. 4th.

Thompson, Gibson ft Co., 102 W 4th.

Flock Brewing Co., 606 Franklin.

Dr. T. J. Gilmore. 41 W. 4th.

R. H. Porter, U. S. Hotel, Court street.

A. B. Neyhart, Hardware, 161 W. 8rd street

Mrs. Elizabeth Eck, Vallamont Hotel, 484 Walnut

H. N. Schnee, Senate Hotel, 847 Court

A. H. Heilman ft Co.. 186 W. 8rd.

Williamsport Gas Co., 161 W. 4th.

Wm. Linck, Dry Goods, 770 W. 4th.

Park Hotel. 816 W. 4th.

McClellan ft Harrisou, 816 Market.

Kline ft Co., Market Square.

Robert Seiteer, Sheriff's Office.

Chas. B. Roper, Wholesale Liquor Store, 808
4 th street

CHATTANOOGA. TENN.

Received from Thos. L. Stoutt, Lodge No. 216:

W. D. Johnson, Fresh Meats, 408 jC^rter atrettt
Digitized by VjOOQIC

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL

i^l

PITTSBURG, PA.
Received from O. N. GiUon, Lodge No. 7:
John J. Carney, Funeral Director, 2536 Carton.

ATLANTA. GA.
Received from W. C Puckett, Lodge No. 802:
Van Winkle Gin Co.
The New Terminal Hotel.
TEXAS.
Received from L. P. Maynard, Lodge No. S68:

PALESTINE.
Pearlstine Grocery Co.
F. C. Bailey, Furniture.

TAYLOIt
Riddlei Cafe.

JEWETT.
Long & Henderson* Transfer Co.
TEAGUE.

E. U. Avery, Pool and Billiards.
C. E. Proctor, Dry Goods.

CROOKSTON, MINN.
Received from W. L. Lewis, Lodge No. 688:
Brever & Teedt, Props. Crookston Billiard Hall.

PORTLAND, ORE.
Received from L. C. Johnson. Lodge No. 814:
L. V. Fisher, Barr Hotel, 6th and Gleason.

TERRE HAUTE. IND.
Received from Geo. Elbrecht, Lodge No. 281:
Brown Bros., Jewelers, 422 Wabash avenue.

ATTICA, KANS.
Received from W. C. Simmons, Lodge No. 280:
J. H. Spell, Commercial Hotel
CHICAGO, ILL.
Jno. W. Gray., Traffic Mgr. and Purchasing
Aficnt South and West Land Co.
ILER. OHIO.
Received from O. Williams, Lodge No. 64:

F. M. Anderson. Grain and Hay.

PARKERSBURG, W. VA.

Received from H. R. Vance, Lodge No. 855:

The Smoot Advertising Agency, Union Trust
Building.

Discher*s Exclusive Umbrella Store, 222 4th st.

Herschel's Turkish Baths, comer 4th and Market.

Fred T. Hopkins, Dentist, 407| Market street.

The Parkersburg Supply ft Plumbing Co., 717
Market street.

C. Arendt, The Butcher, 610 Market street

Brown's Pharmacy, The Rexal Store, 520 Mar-
ket street.

J. Mentor Caldwell, Attorney at Law, Union
Trust Building.

Dils Bros. & Co., Dry Goods, Millinery, 521
Market.

Wood Cotmty Bank, Interest on Savings, 5th
and Market

Brodia ft Adams, The Reliable Merchants, 427
Market

Stem Bros., Men's and Boys' Furnishings, 428-
425 Market

Bentley & Gerwig, Furniture, Carpets, Lace Cur-
tains, 419 Market

The Model Shoe Co. Sells Good Shoes. 508
Market

M. Oppenheimer, Clothing, Hats and Caps, 407
Market

F. H. Markey, Men's Furnishers, 819 Market

Reps ft Co., House Furnishers and Clothiers, 227
and 229 Court Square.

Boston Shoe Store, 608 Market

McGregor & Amiss Fumiture Co., Undertaking,
716 Market

H. F. Fisher. Fine Footwear, 511 Market

Addie Gilfillan ft Co., Millinery and Notions, 602
Seventh street

Grand Lodge of the Brotherhood ofRailroad Trainmen

OFFICE OF GRAND SECRETARY AND TREASURER.

To Subordinate Lodges, Officers and Members : May 1st, 1907

You will please note that there will be no Grand Dues or Protective Fund assessment for
June, 1907 Financiers when malcing their June remittance will remit (2.00 for each Class
1^ C, |1.50 for each Class B, and 75 cents for each Class A certificate for benefici-
ary luembers in good standing, and make no remittance for
non-beneficiary members. ^yf'S^t!^

The same applies to all members, admitted or readmitted mmw^
during the month of June. Fraternally yours,

STATEMENT OF CLAIMS PAID DURING THE MONTH OF MARCH, 1907

CUUM. NAMB. LODGB.

11406 *Sam Milliken 228

12068 S. J. Redfield 560

12858 S. H. Walltcr 697

12400 M. J. Scanlon 74

12408 W. C Britt 588

12470 G. T. Standard 28

12480 Chas. F. Wood 04

12481 F. J. Coffey 160

12482 W. H. Mardis 159

12488 Jas. Baker 897

12484 W. H. Higgins 448

12486 W. M. Harris 652

12486 E. R. Armstrong 577

12487 G. E. Burton 7S8

12488 T. F. Bay 42

12480 Ed. Young, Jr 242

PAID TO. ADDRESS. AMOUNT.

Sam'I Milliken, Gdn., Antrim, Ire % 878.45

Julia Deacon, Gdn.. New York. N. Y 1,850.00

Jewel Walker. Jacksonville, Ark 1,850.00

Johanna Scanlon« Kansas City, Mo 1,000.00

Margaret Patton, Danville, 111 1,850.00

Nannie Standard, Creston, la 600.00

iulia Wood, New York. N. Y 1,850.00

fary Coffey, Philadelphia, Pa 1,850.00

W. H. Mardis, Seward, Pa 1,850.00

Jas. Baker, Clyde, 0 1.860.00

Julia Higgins, Holyoke, Mass 1 ,850.00

Lavina, Harris, Sayresville, N. J 1,850.00

Marguerite Armstrong^ Sheffield, Mo 1,860.00

Frances E. Burton, Holton, Kans 1,850.00

.Sarah J. Bay, Harrisburg, Pa 1,850.00

Ed. Young, Jr., Farmersburg, Ind 600^0

Digitized by VjOOQIC

STATCMCNT OF CLAIMS PAID DURING THE MONTH OF MARCH, 1907-Ooii.

CLAIM.

12490
12491
12499
1249S
12494
12495
12497
12498
12499
12600
12601
12608
12508
12504
12505
12606
12507
12608
12509
12510
12511
12612
12518
12514
12516
12616
18517
12518
12519
12520
12621
12528
12528
12524
12525
12526
12627
12528
12589
18580
12681
12582
12588
12584
12585
12687
12588
12589
12640
12541
18548
18548
12544
12546
12546
12547
12648
12549
12660
12551
12658
12558
12554
12556
12657
12568
12559
18560
18561
12568
18563
18564
18565
18566
18567
18568
18569
18571
18578
18578
18574
18575
18576
18577
18578
18579
18580
18581

HAMB. LODGB.

W. H. Wolfgram 46

Robt. Murtle 80

T. L. Mowry 169

A. J. Ryan 403

Wm. Mittdstaedt 750

D. Noonan 811

P. J. Cogan 230

M. W. &lscy 312

W. J. Emslcy, Jr 629

H. M. Sherman 691

Wm. Whelan 185

F. C. Yates 206

R. E. Fowler 375

F. A. Wright 607

Toe McDonald 46

R. L. Quinn 374

Leroy Welch 874

P. Amstutz 386

A. C. TucY 607

- " "-^t.- 67e

663

mer .... 7

118

182

e 218

239

r 406

r 454

417

868

660

1 208

439

388

r 437

or 540

829

739

758

_ __ 69

T. M. Kelley 440

Wm. Dcvinc 577

W. A. Batters 698

M. M. Halett 26

Tas. R. CoflFey 219

F. L. Kalb 628

Ed. Grant 284

H. W. Barber 89

Alfred D. Kennedy ..260

Martin Graham 254

W. C Lewis 174

E. W. Martin 261

L. A. Snyder 93

Ferd Zanders 100

Henry Waljper 158

Joel R. Roberts 199

E. S. Book 127

O. M. PeighUl 498

C B. Robmson 680

Donald McLean 691

J. Roberge 60

Verbal Ford 165

Freeman Tones 229

R. H. Harrison 373

E. H. Barlow 268

A. P. Rose 211

W. L Neff 216

J. C Myers 174

C. J. Baker 40

G. Vanuament 46

W. J. Escott 570

M. F. Miller 18

A. E, Hancock 27

J. C. Weythman 170

J. T. O'Donnell 182

E. W. Keith 186

V. A. Cook 264

M. Johnson 889

P. L Wonders 439

C F. Reynolds 460

R. C. Morgan 503

H. S. Heile 621

Michael E. Kennedy.. 668

Frank Adrian 648

E. W. Emrick 680

H. M. Sims 710

Geo. Shaw 47

PAID TO. ADDUSS.

Nora L. Wolfgram, Hannibal, Mo..,

Kate Murtle, Raton, N. M

Charlotte Mowry, Derry, Pa

A. J. Ryan. Tacoma, Wash ,

John Mittelstaedt, Chicago, 111......

D. Noonan, Mechanicville, N. Y....
Hannah A. Cogan, Newark. N. Y..
Melissa Kelscy, Fort Lawn, S. C...
Annie C. Emsley, Proctor, Minn...
Minnie Sherman* Detroit, Mich....
Rebecca Whelan, Ottawa, East, Ont

Mary L. Yates, St Louis, Mo

Lulu Fowler, Evanston, 111

Emma D. Wright, Pocassett, Mass.
Lizzie McDonald, St. Louis. Mo. . . .
Mary A. Quinn. Hinton, W. Va...

Maggie Welch, Star City, Ind

Hannah P. Amstutz, Kansas City, Mo
Teresa G. Tucy, Bourne, Mass....

C E. Thielkc, Wausau, Wis

Exilda Dubois, Worcester, Mass

Mine Bookhamer, Pittsburg, Pa

Margaret C. Preater, Hartford. Conn

Josie Cousino, Escanaba, Mich

Saran Firestone. Connellsville, Pa..

Rankle Rea, Trenton, N. J

Frieda Brendler, Mankato, Minn...

J. D. McGarvey, Ironton, Ohio

Catherine A. Myers, BufiFalo, N. Y. . .
Hettie E. Hughes, Heame. Tex

Julia Keegan, Monroe, Wis
iargaret Qumn, Dover, N. J

Nora Martin, Pitcaim, Pa

Anna L. Dver, Clinton, la

Lizzie M. Myers, Harrisburg, Pa..
W. H. Seitzler. Milwaukee, Wis...

John W. McArthur, Standish, N. Y
lary A. Qine, Washington, N. J...

Zella F. Small, Calais, Me

C. G. Fair, Carbon Black, Pa

Kate Dixon, Osw^o, N. Y

Mary F. Kelley, Stephenson, Va...
Theresa Devine. Kansas City, Mo..
Ethel L. Butters, Van Wert, O....

M. M. Hulett, Beardstown, 111

Jas. R. Coffey, Rahway, N. J

Annie Kalb, Columbus, O

Margarette Grant, Longview, Tex..
Henry Barber, Palmerston, Ont...
Lizzie D. Kennedy, Rensselaer, N. Y
Katie Graham, Bloomfield. N. J..
Anna M. Lewis, Ebensburg, Pa...
Lydia Martin, Indianapolis, Ind . .
Brid^t Snyder, Cuttineville, Vt....
Anme Zanders, Upper Maudi Chunk,
Maggie Walper, Hazelton, Pa. . . .
Sareh A. RoberU. Erie, Pa

E, S. Book, Harrisburg, Pa

Geo. W. Sanderson, Gdn., Huntingdon,

Anna C Robinson, Denver, Colo....

Barbara McLean. Cannington, Ont..

Florida Roberge, Hadlow Cove, Que

Lucinda C. Ford, East St Louis, 111.

Agnes Adelia Jones, Elmira, N. Y.

Lula Harrison, Meridian, Miss

,, . « . , _^ ^ y

{S, Miss...

N. Y...

Mo....

^ Wyo.

11.

Neb..
Mich.

News, Va.

\sheville, N.

^«.wu.w «^. «^....<^»,, «m.».^na, Mich
Frank Adrian, Emory Gap. Tenn. .

E. W. Emrick, Denver, Colo

H. M. Sims, Dallas, Tex

Geo. Shaw, St. Thomas, Ont

AMOUHT.

. 1,860.00

. 1,350.00

. 1,860.00

. 1,350.00

. 1.000.00

. 1,360.00

. 500.00

. 1,000.00

. 1,360.00

. 1,850.00

. 1,350.00

. 1,000.00

. 500.00

. 1,850.00

. 1,860.00

. 1,350.00

. 1,850.00

. 600.00

. 1,350.00

. 1,360.00

. 1,350.00

. 500.00

. 1,860.00

. 1,360.00

. 1,350.00

. 1,850.00

. 1,360.00

. 1,850.00

. 1,350.00

. 1,000.00

. 1,850.00

. 1,000.00

. 1,360.00

. 1,350.00

. 500.00

. 1,860.00

. 1,350.00

. 1,850.00

. 1,350.00

. 1,850.00

. 500.00

. 1,350.00

. 1,850.00

. 1,350.00

. 1,850.00

. 1,350.00

. 1,850.00

. 1,350.00

. 1,850.00

. :.350.00

. 1,350.00

. 1,850.00

. 1,350.00

. 1,850.00

. 1,350.00

. 500.00

. 1,350.00

. 1.000.00

. 1,200.00
500.00

. 600.00

. 1,850.00

. 1.000.00

. 1,350.00

. 500.00

. 1,350.00

. 600.00

. 1,350.00

. 500.00

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♦Hh#-

I ,Q^JC|^fJ^Q■ .

A Gilded God

BY ADBLBERT CLARK

In the heart of man, there's a gilded god

That he worships day by day;
It may be the art of a woman's pride

With her train of fashions gay,
Or it may be the gleam and color of wine

In crystal tankards a-row.
Or the sacredness of a lowly grave

Half hid with the winter's snow.

It may be his god to rule over men,

In Life's vain technical world
And sneer at Misfortune climbing the hill

With Poverty's flag unfurled.
It may be his gold-chest hidden away

Shielding his treasures and pearls,
It may be his child, the pride of his heart,

A fairy in frills and curls.

How reverent he is, to the god of his choice

As days of his life depart.
And how quick to resent each vain reproof

That stings like a poison dart!
For the god of his choice, he'll give every drop

Of blood that flows in his veins,
And brave every storm that baffles his life,

Enduring the ills and pains.

In the heart of man, there's a gilded god

That he worships day by day.
But 'tis only the things that crumble and fall,-

Like vapors, they melt away.
And sooner or later his shrine will fall;

His pride will pass with the dust.
For deep in the heart of the self-made man.

There's nothing but pride and lust!

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A BEAUTY SPOT IN THE MOUNTAINS OF TENNESSEE.

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Pablished Monthly by the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen.
Entered at the pos&ofBoe at Olereland, Ohio, at aeoond-claM matter.

D. L. CEASE
Editor and Manages

Subscription Price
ll.UO Per Year In Advance

Vol. XXIV.

JUNE 1907.

No. G

It Can Be Had.

H. J. CHASE.

|N his last annual message, the
President intimated that the
"swollen fortunes" in this coun-
try might be reduced by a fed-
eral inheritance tax or a federal income tax
"if it can be had."

Now, waiving the question of whether
anything could be done to prevent, directly
or indirectly, the accumulation of swollen
fortunes, if the American people want a
federal income tax, why can't it be had?
Such a tax was imposed by Acts of Con-
gress in 1862-3, and continued until 1872.
Why can't such a tax be imposed again?
Congress did lay an income tax in 1894.
Has that been repealed? No. Then how
does it happen that it u not in force at the
present time?

To put it in plain English — as it is spoken
every day by people of ordinary intelligence
— five men, with whose selection the Amer-
ican voters had about as much to do as the
priest all shaven and shorn, with the house
that Jack built, gave it as their opinion that
a document framed by about forty men in
the latter part of century before last for-
bids Congress to lay an income tax. Four
other men, presumably as competent to de-
termine the meaning and intent of this
document as the five first mentioned, gave
it as their opinion that it does not forbid

Congress to lay an income tax; but five
is one more than four — even the Supreme
Court can't divide on that proposition —
therefore the American people can't have a
federal income tax unless the personnel
of the Supreme Court so changes that at
least five of its members will be men be-
lieving or professing to believe that the
Constitution does not forbid Congress to lay
such a tax!

In other words, if the American people
want a federal income tax, they can get
one, may be, if they can succeed in elect-
ing some men who will elect some men,
who, when the opportunity occurs, will nom-
inate and confirm some men who will be will-
ing to say that some men who, likely enough,
never had heard of an income tax did not
intend to put anything in the way of Con-
gress* laying such a tax; that by "direct
taxes" these men meant no more than
taxes laid upon the states as such, having
no thought and possibly no knowledge of
the economic signification of the expression.

Of course, besides being slightly cir-
cumlocutory and a trifle uncertain, this
method of procuring a federal income tax
falls a degree or two shqrt of absolute hon-
esty; but the only strictly legitimate road
generally supposed to be open — amendment
of the Constitution — is so beset with diffi-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

CRANDLER BUILDING. ATLANTA, GEORGIA.

culties as to justify resort to almost any
by-path, however devious, or even to cut-
ting straight across lots.

The people of other countries do not ap-
pear to experience any especial difficulty in
procuring national income taxes. Why?
Simply because in other countries judges are
not permitted to annul legislation. Even in

England, whose government wasn't good
enough for us, when Parliament puts a law
on the statute book it stays there until Par-
liament takes it off again. In Switzerland
— according to all accounts a republic in
fact, as well as in name — the federal Con-
stitution expressly forbids the judicial veto.
And the framers of our federal Constitu-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 463

tion intended that the Acts of Congress Constitution specifies explicitly who is to

should stand until repealed. To assume have it, how it is to be exercised and to

that they did not so intend is to fly in the what extent it is to be effective. What can

face of all the evidence that has any bear- that mean except that the designated oflfi-

ing; moreover, it is to deny them to have cial alone was to have the power, and no

been the possessors of common sense. other official or body of officials — least of

Consider, for a moment, the manner in all, a body of officials not mentioned in con-

which the veto power is conferred. The nection; a body that not yet had been pro-

FOURTH NATIONAL 3ANK PUILDING, ATLANTA. OEOROIA.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

vided for ; a body whose organization, after
it was provided for, was left in the hands
of the Congress? **It shall become a law"
is the language of the Constitution with re-
gard to a bill that, after being vetoed, re-
ceives a two-thirds vote in each House.
The contention that the full meaning was
intended to be, "shall become a law unless
the Supreme Court decides otherwise,"
would be an insult to the intellectual dis-
cernment of a Digger Indian.

The records of the convention that fram-
ed the Constitution show that the proposi-
tion to give Congress the power to set aside
conflicting state laws was voted down. This
fact, together with the declaration of the
supremacy of the Constitution and the laws
and treaties made thereunder, is sufficient

several of the States the opposition to ratifi-
cation was very strong and the final vote
a close one. Had there been any under-
standing or even suspicion that the consti-
tution conferred absolute sovereignty upon
the judges, it is safe to say that it never
would have been adopted. However deep
their distrust of popular government, the
framcrs were not so lacking in common
sense as to propose the establishment of a
judicial autocracy or to submit any propo-
sition that squinted in that direction.

How, then, does it happen that during the
last thirty-five years federal judges have
been exercising this power of absolute sov-
ereignty— annulling whenever they have
seen fit the ''supreme laws of the land"?
The answer is, usurpation, pure and simple

FEDERAL PRISON, ATLANTA GEORGIA.

evidence that the framcrs intended to con-
fer and did confer the power in question
upon the Supreme Court.

But the proposition to give judges the
power, in conjunction with the President, to
review bills that had passed both Houses
was also voted down. This fact, in con-
nection with the rigidly specific manner in
which the veto power is conferred, is con-
clusive evidence that the framers did not in-
tend to give federal judges the power to set
aside Acts of Congress.

There is not a scrap of evidence in the
records of any of the state conventions held
for the purpose of considering the ratifica-
tion of the Constitution that anybody un-
derstood or even suspected that it gave
federal judges the power in question. In

— usurpation as flagrant as any recorded in
the annals of the human race. The history
of this usurpation is brief but well worth
the tracing. It begins with the year 1803.

In the election of 1800 the Federalists
lost the Presidency. Between that time and
their retirement from power, March 4, 1801,
they created a number of offices, filling
them and, so far as they were able, all other
appointive offices with their own partisans.
Among the new offices were those of jus-
tices of the peace in the District of Colum-
bia. The commissions for these had been
made out, but they had not been delivered
when the Republicans came into power.
James Madison, the new Secretary of State,
refused to deliver them and one of the
appointees, Marbury by name, brought suit

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RAtLkdAt) TRAINMEN'S jdUMAL

4CS

to compel delivery. He relied upon the
Judiciary Act of 1789, which required the
Supreme Court, in certain cases, to issue
mandamuses.

In its enumeration of the powers and du-
ties of the Supreme Court, the Constitu-
tion does not mention mandamuses. There-
fore the court declined to give Marbury
what he asked for, intimating, however,
that the federal district court could grant
him a mandamus. Chief Justice Marshall,
his associates concurring, laid down the
doctrine that a federal act repugnant to the

taken by the Court ? Why did it consent to
try such a contemptibly petty case? Why
did it base its decision upon such a con-
temptible quibble?

The explanation is very simple. The
judges were Federalists, and they availed
themselves of what they considered to be
an opportunity to' snub the Republican
President and his party. It was the judi-
ciary making faces at the Executive — mere-
ly this and nothing more.

If the doctrine that a federal act repug-
nant to the Constitution is void was laid

A KENTUCKY MOUNTAIN HOME.

Constitution is void, and, consequently, that
the portion of the Act of 1789 requiring
the Supreme Court to issue mandamuses
was void.

In 1792, and again in 1794, the court had
expressed its unwillingness to perform non-
judicial duties prescribed in certain federal
acts ; but the issuance of a mandamus is not
a non-judicial duty, and it was not contend-
ed that it would not have been a proper one
in the case under consideration. What,
then, is the explanation of the position

down in good faith, how did it happen that
neither Marshall nor his associates ever
made any further attempt to apply that
doctrine? How did it happen that nearly
fifty years elapsed before the Court again
ventured to pronounce against the Consti-
tutionality of an Act of Congress?

But let us, for a moment, consider the
case of Marbury vs. Madison as if its de-
cision were not merely an exhibition of par-
tisan spite.

If the judges believed the Act of 1789 to

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

be unconstitutional, they had the right to
say so. If they did not choose to perform
all the duties therein prescribed, they had
the privilege of resigning. If the Congress
of 1803 agreed with the judges, it had the
power to amend or repeal the act. Or if
the people agreed, it was in their power,
though not so directly as it ought to have
been, to elect a Congress that would amend
or repeal the Act. As a matter of fact,
neither Congress nor the people took any
action with respect to the Court's decision.
What was, or should have been, the pre-
sumption? That the Act, or the portion
thereof objected to, was no longer in force?
By no means. The presumption should
have been that all of it was still law and
still in force; that neither Congress nor
the people agreed with the judges.

The Constitution gives Congress the pow-
er to enact laws. It gives the President
the power to prevent enactment unless two-
thirds of each House shall insist upon en-
actment. Neither expressly nor by im-
plication does it give any other official
or body of officials the power to inter-
fere, either before or after enactment,
in any way, shape or manner. If this
does not mean that the framers thought
that Congress and the President, or even
Congfress alone, could come near enough to
making out whether or not its acts squared
with the Constitution, what does it mean?
And if giving the people some voice in the
election of Congress does not mean that
the people themselves may venture to con-
what does it mean?
sider whether or not a law is Constitutional,

But suppose the Congress of 1803, and
likewise the people, had openly conceded
that the Act of 1789, or the portion thereof
objected to, was unconstitutional, but that
neither the Congress nor the people had
taken any action; what should have been
the presumption? That the entire Act was
still law and still in force; that the people
sanctioned it notwithstanding its unconsti-
tutionality. Grant that that would have been
revolutionary, would it have been any more
so than the Court's presuming to set aside
the act or any portion thereof — presuming
to exercise a power neither conferred nor
intended to be conferred by the Constitu-
tion? If a revolutionary step* was to be

taken, should it not have been taken by the
people, rather than by three or four sore-
headed judges?

The framers of the Constitution purpose-
ly made its amendment a matter of extreme
difficulty. The popular sanction of a law
admitted to be unconstitutional need not
have meant the repudiation of the entire
instrument, but simply that the people,
whenever they saw fit, intended to alter it
or modify its operation without recourse to
the prescribed method. Such a revolution
may or may not have been possible in 1803,
but if it had taken place, we might be living
today under a government conformable to
twentieth century instead of eighteenth cen-
tury conditions, admitting that it ever was
conformable to them — an actual instead of
an ostensible government by the people.

In the light of subsequent events it is to
be regretted that the decision of 1803 was
nothing but a partisan bluff, received with
contemptuous indifference by the man
against whom it was especially directed.
Had it been made in good faith and with
reference to a mattet' of some importance,
the repudiation of Mtarshall's wonderful
doctrine might have been sufficiently em-
phatic to prevent its ever being brought for-
ward again. It was one thing for the
court to declare that it could not be com-
pelled to compel an executive official to
perform an act that he had refused to per-
form. It would have been a slightly differ-
ent thing to have notified Thomas Jefferson,
in effect, that he could not perform or order
the performance of an act that he wished to
be performed, the performance of which he
believed to be in accordance with the Con-
stitution. It is likely that Jefferson's course
in response to such a notification would
have been a precedent that no subsequent
President would have been too weak-kneed
to follow.

If the House of Representatives had im-
peached Marshall and his associates, it
would have done no more than what their
action in the Marbury case fully justified;
but the Senate was still in the hands of
the Federalists, and therefore impeachment
would have been useless. Let it be remem-
bered that to this same John Marshall we
owe the Dartmouth College decision and

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 467

<
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

its long train of consequences. Whether
he meant to be or not, no worse enemy of
the American people ever drew breath. The
consequence^ of the Marbury case alone are
sufficient to establish that fact.

The remainder of this story of usurpation
is soon told. In 1851, years after Marshall
and his associates on the bench were in
their graves, the Supreme Court set aside
the whole of a federal judiciary act. In that
day, neither Congress nor the executive
were what they had been in the earlier days
of this republic, and the attention of the
people was concentrated upon the slavery
question. Consequently the action of the
court was submitted to without protest by
the other branches of the government and
without* comment or even notice by the
public.

In 1857 the court declared the Missouri
Compromise Act, in so far as it excluded
slavery from the territories, to have been
unconstitutional. As the act had been re-
pealed in 1854, this decision amounted to
no more than a notice that Congress must
not pass any more laws against slavery in
the territories. Nevertheless, in 1862, Con-
gress abolished slavery in all the territories,
paying as much attention to the decision of
1857 as Jefferson had done to that of 1803.
It was one of the old-time kind of Con-
gresses, and the man who signed the bill
was one of the old-time kind of Presidents.
The country never was in greater need of
that kind of Congress and that kind of
President than in this year of our Lord,
1907.

It was not until several years after the
close of the Civil War that the judicial veto
began to have any real effect upon federal
legislation. During the fifty odd years pre-
ceding the war, that is between 1810 and
1861, the Supreme Court had annulled a
considerable number of state laws. With
but one notable exception (Worcester vs.
Georgia, 1832), these decisions were re-
spected by both the executive and the legis-
lative departments. But that the setting
aside of a federal law was felt by all con-
cerned to be a very different matter is evi-
dent enough from what has been already
stated. Even today it is contended that,
while the court "freely and frequ'ently

throws out local and state statutes, it hesi-
tates to invalidate national statutes."

Nevertheless, its hesitation is not quite
so pronounced as it used to be. After its
first essay the court "hesitated" nearly fifty
years. In the first seventy-five years un-
der the Constitution but three, federal acts
were disallowed, and one of them was al-
ready off the statute book; in the last
thirty-five years at least a dozen have been
disallowed. Only once before the Civil
War was disallowance effective; only once
since the war has it failed to be effective.
And in that case the failure was due to
neither the Congress nor the President as-
serting their rights under the Constitution.

In 1869 the Supreme Court declared that
the Greenback Acts were not Constitution-
al. In 1870, one or two members having been
added, the court declared that the Green-
back Acts were Constitutional. In other
words, since 1870 the power of Congress
to enact laws and of the President to en-
force them has been in virtual abeyance to
the say-so of less than half a dozen men,
chosen by neither the people nor the direct
representatives of the people, removable
by neither the people nor the direct repre-
sentatives of the people, and enjoying a
life tenure of office ! Behold the glorious re-
sult of the application of John Marshall's
wonderful doctrine!

In his "American Commonwealth," Mr.
James Bryce makes an exceedingly ingen-
ious defense of this doctrine, but all that
he says, and all that he or anybody else
can say, cannot wipe out the plain fact
that the setting aside of a law passed by a
national legislature is an act of absolute
sovereignty ; that the exercise of this power
by judges is totally incongruous with the
existence of real republican government;
that as long as judges are permitted to
exercise this power, so long is this country
not a republic, but an absolute triarchy tet-
rachy or pentarchy, according to the num-
ber of the judges.

The comparatively few who have got
their eyes opened to this fact are calling
for a Constitutional amendment defining and
restricting the powers of the judiciary. If
there is no way of preventing a palpable
violation* of the Constitution except by tink-

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460

CENTURY BUILDING. ATLANTA. GEORGIA.

ering that instrument, then the sooner we
throw it overboard the better.

Suppose that President Cleveland, fol-
lowing the example of Thomas Jefferson,
Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln,
i|ad ignored the income tax decision of
1894 and gone right on with the enforce-
ment of the law, what could have been
done about it? For the House to have im-
peached him would have been self-stultifi-
cation; but suppose the House had chosen
to take that course, upon what grounds

could the Senate have sustained the im-
peachment ? In Jackson's case it might have
been shown that he permitted a treaty to
be over-ridden by a state law ; in Lincoln's
that, in suspending the habeas corpus, he
exercised a power vested in Congress alone ;
but what could have been made out against
Cleveland? Nothing except that he had
done that which the Constitution expressly
empowers and directs a President to do,
namely, enforced an Act of Congress.
The man who would have been called

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RAFLROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

upon to preside at the trial was the one
who, together with his associates, was de-
serving of impeachment and removal; for
he and they had exercised a power neither
conferred nor intended to be conferred
upon them by the Constitution.

Among the thousands of bills before the
late Congress was one providing for -re-
view by the Supreme Court of certain cases
in which a federal law has been set aside
by an inferior court ! Is the worm beginning
to turn? What was there to prevent the
passage of a joint resolution to the effect
that hereafter all federal legislation shall
stand until repeal or expiration? That
would have meant that hereafter the most
important department of the government
proposed to exercise the power with which

it is vested, namely, to enact laws instead oi
conjectures — laws that shall be as binding
upon United States judges as upon the
humblest citizen of this so-called republic
If the American people want a federal
income tax, "it can be had;" but first there
must be had a different kind of President
and a different kind of Congress from any
that have been in office since the Civil War.
If there arc any Jeffersons, Jacksons. or
Lincolns left in the country, it is time one
of them was sought out and brought to the
front. If a Senate representing something
besides special privileges and a House with
enough courage to say boo to a goose can
be got together, it is time to be hunting
around for the material.

"The Modern Intellectual Turmoil.

JOSB GROS.

I HIS nation of ours may have to-
day about 200,000 public writers
and teachers or orators, secular
and religious, practically telling
humanity to remain submissive to the evils
from which we all suffer. That represents
the conservative elements of the race today,
even if conservatism means destruction. At
the other end of our intellectual turmoil we
may have a few hundred teachers of the
radical type, two-thirds of them empirical,
the balance more or less scientific. Between
those two groups we have possibly one or
two hundred prominent men who do con-
siderable good work even if yet timid and
indirect, in their teachings, for the social
reconstruction we need. In the last few
months this town of ours has had some
brilliant orations on the part of at least two
of such teachers, both of the religious ele-
ment. They have plainly told their audi-
ences that the churches need to dwell on
the-material aspects of modern life, if they
wish to awaken the conscience and spirit-
uality of our generation.

As the audiences of such teachers repre-
sent our well-to-do or only medium-pinch-
ed conservative classes, they cannot go very

deep in relation to the means by which to
suppress our many evils. Besides, they are
forced to use somewhat flattering remarks
about the superiority of our social condi-
tions when compared with the atrocities of
the nations that perished long ago. They
assume that the individual and domestic
group have greater value and consideration
today than in old times. It happens that
we have no specific data on the subject.

The fact is that no comparisons between
any two periods or ages are worth any-
thing, because of the distinct and ever
changing conditions and modes of life, and
different degrees of historical experience.
Besides, that very command of Jesus,
"Judge not," forbids us any such compari-
sons. We all know that while the moral
law of human conduct is fixed forever and
cannot change, because the truth does not
admit of any change, yet, our responsibili-
ties to God and each other vary in relation
to the needs and potentialities at each pf|
riod or with each group of men. Just as
we don't expect from young people below
25 or up to 35 years of age, what we have
the right to expect from people over 40 or
50 years old, so we should have a different

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estimate between young races, centuries
ago, and ours today with gfreater experi-
ence, knowledge and elements with which
to live righteous lives and build up right-
eous nations.

It happens that we don't even wish to
know yet the meaning of righteousness,
honesty, sensibleness in national affairs. No
old nation could be in any worse predica-
ment than that. We cannot conceive of
any mental attitude more fatal than that.
Then, the very instinct of human preserva-
tion prevents humanity from going beyond
a certain point in badness. God's laws
overcome the barbarisms of humanity, be-
yond that certain point The human race
could not exist for any length of time with-
out such a safety-valve.

On the other hand, it is doubtful if our
educated humanity has had any excuse for
the last 25 years anyhow to prolong any of
the great wrongs we have allowed to re-
main and grow among us, wrongs which
we have fostered, invited, rewarded, with
the most criminal laws possible in each
modern nation.

Any sensible man old enough to have had
about 50 years industrial experience as a
plain worker and a plain labor employer,
knows, if he wants to be honest with him-
self, that in both cases the individual pos-
sessed, 50 years ago, a higher social and
manhood value than today. He could ob-
tain a fair position as an employe without
the humiliations and examinations of to-
day, and no matter how old below 75. As
an employer, on a small scale and limited
capital, he could fix his own position and
rise far more easily than today.

And what about the family group?
Even most conservatives are willing to ac-
knowledge that 50 years ago the average
man could aflford to have 5 or 6 children
much better than 2 or 3 today. That
means : Harsher lives for all

The reason for all that is plain enough.
We had not yet taken possession of the
earth and opportunities and markets, etc.,
*>we, the monopolists, quite as scientifically
as we have done today. We had less laws
of favoritism and injustice than today, 50
years ago, or 500 years ago, for that matter.

All fundamental wrong is bound to grow
as long as it is invited by selfish laws. All

sinfulness, individualized and collective, is
but — "A relation between our power to do
a certain amount of good, at the time, and
the quantity we decline, refuse to do."
Goodness can never be a question of wealth,
material enjoyments or even the education
which promotes monopoly and injustice.
Goodness is a question of mental peace
from duties fulfilled and a simple, sanitary
life. There we have the two elements that
our poor modern progress blots out of ex-
istence for all of us, at the top or at the
bottom of the social vortex.

As for that cardinal, giant crime of land
and wealth monopoly, not even under
Rome, at the worst period, 2000 years ago,
not even then was that crime as colossal as
in the advanced modern nation today. The
multi-millionaire is the creation of the last
30 years. Our nation alone has 5,000. Old
Rome, with 100,000,000 population, had only
two multi-millionaires, one with but seven,
the other with but three millions. A mere
bagatelle compared with our 50 or more
men each with from 50 millions to 500 mil-
lions. And the whole iniquity has been
boiled up in 30 years.

And why is it that so few men, if any,
in the important social ranks, can grasp or
see the above iniquity even when they try
to frighten our modem humanity because
of our own dreadful deformities? Simply
because they don't have courage enough to
blame the natural educators of humanity,
what we call the Church, what we should
call— The Churches. What should the
Church or the Churches be? The Church
or Churches of Jesus should be — "Groups
of men under any given organization, for
the purpose of teaching humanity how to
rapidly establish the kingdom of God, of
sensible human life, in all national relations,
through the few simple, economic processes
we know, or shall learn if we go to God
and honestly ask Him to let us know."

As long as we, important men, in church-
es, or out of them, fail to teach humanity
how to suppress the bottom iniquity of all
nations, we practically establish a civiliza-
tion inviting all men into temptation, that
of robbing each other out of all real happi-
ness and manhood. We thus fling the
Lord's prayer to the four winds, repudiate

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Railroad tRaiMM^M'S joUkNAL

the ''Lead us not into temptation" We also
repudiate the "Thou shalt not covet"

It is utterly impossible for any group of
men to do anything worse than all that.
We thus remain entangled in the same
progress of despair of all the other nations
no matter how far back we may go. We
have then — a permanent war betwefen hu-
manity grouped in nations and churches on

one side, and God, Jesus and the universe
around on the other side. We have the
power to stop that war as soon as we like.
That would close up our progress of de-
spair. That would initiate a progress in
accord with the divine and natural order of
human development, that being the only
kind of life for which humanity was cre-
ated by a sensible Creator.

The Death Roll Of Industry

ARTHUR B. REEVE.

Charities and the Commons.

|0 the 'Unprecedented prosperity
such as the past year showed
and the present year promises,
there is a seamy side of which
little is said. Thousands of wage earn-
ers, men, women and children, were caught
in the machinery of our record-breaking
production and turned out cripples. Other
thousands were killed outright. How many
there were no one can say exactly, for we
were too busy making the record produc-
tion to count the dead.

France, Germany, Holland and England
have come pretty close to counting their
death-roll of industry and to shortening it.
America does not even count the lives. We
know the number of cattle and hogs
slaughtered for food, but we do not know
the number of men, women and children
whose lives and limbs are crushed by the
wheels of industry running at top speed.

Yet though we do not know this total
exactly, all methods of estimate lead to the
conclusion that it must be in the neighbor-
hood of half a million — equal to about one
-half the number of immigrants who come
to us from abroad in the same period. This
loss happens at a time when throughout the
country the demand goes up for more men
in every branch of industry.

First of all it is necessary to examine the
facts which we already possess. The first
step in the program of reform should be
prevention, — ^before the fact; the second,
restituton — after the fact. Placing more

safety devices on our machinery, taking
more sanitary precautions in our shops, and
strengthening in general our present weak
preventive legislation, make up the first part
of thi program.

Concurrently comes the alternate side of
the program, — restitution. Salvage work
has been attempted in "bureaus for the
handicapped'* where wrecks of dangerous
trades may be made as far as possible self-
supporting. The ultimate goal of such a
progrram will probably be workingmen's in-
surance against accidents — the theory being
that the wear and tear of human life is a
cost of production as much as the wear
and tear on machinery and that the more
equitable method of apportioning the risk
of trade is on the cousumer en masse rath-
er than on the individual worker or on the
charity of the community.

In considering the problem of public re-
sponsibility and industrial accidents, let us
piece together the fragmentary informa-
tion on the subject that we already possess.
For the sake of convenience it is well to
adopt the classification of industries fol-
lowed by W. F. Willoughby in his mono-
graph published as a bulletin of the De-
partment of Labor in 1901. Mr. Willough-
by includes (1) railways; (2) mines and'
quarries; (3) factories and workshops; and
(4) building and construction work. If
to these be added (5) agriculture and lum-
'r'ering and (6) personal and domestic ser-
vice, these six great groups of industry

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will almost cover the 29,000,000 wage earn-
ers of the United States.

xilE RAILWAYS.

In none of the other great groups of in-
dustry in the United States, are equally
complete and accurate statistics of accidents
to employes gathered as in the first group,
the railways. When the Interstate Com-
merce Commission made its first report in
1889, it found that of the 704,743 railroad
employes, 1,972 were killed and 20,028 were
injured, a total of 22,000 for the year. Dur-
ing the latest year for which statistics are
complete, 1905, of the 1382,196 railroad em-
ployes, 3,361 were killed and 66,833 injured,
a total of 70,194. In other words though
our railroads do not employ twice the num-

large number of accidents to employes, nor
the comparatively smaller increase in fa-
talities from the large increase in injuries.
It is no wonder that railroad employes have
declared that "when soldiering is as deadly
as switching, international disarmament will
be at hand." It is not only switching that
is dangerous — the chance of a railway mail
clerk of coming through the year safely is
twenty-one to one. The engineer takes one
chance in nine that he will be injured be-
fore the year is over and one in 120 that
he will be killed. The men working in the
yards, the conductors and brakemen, the
porter who makes the berth, the boy who
sells the magazines and newspapers, the
man who handles the baggage, even the man

DYNAMITE STORED NEAR RAILROAD TRACKS.

ber of men they did in 1889, they kill or in-
jure nearly three times as many.

Where one railroad man in 35.2 was
killed or injured in 1889, now 1 in 19.7 is
killed or injured. This startling change
has been brought about by a more rapid in-
crease in the number of injuries than in the
number of deaths. One in every 414 railroad
men lost his life in 1905 against one in
every 367 in 1889 and one in every 486 in
1897.

Railroading itself is nearly twice as dan-
gerous as it was eighteen years ago and
traveling on the railroad is more than twice
as dangerous. The comparatively small num-
ber of accidents to passengers should not
distract attention from the comparatively

at the crossing who signals the train with
white or red flag — all face death every hour
of the day.

Of what importance the provisions of the
commission have been, can be seen from
the fact that after the introduction of the
automatic coupler in 1897, the number of
accidents in coupling fell from 2,500 to 1,-
693. The number is now creeping up again
slowly — during the quarter ending June 30,
1906, 68 more men were killed in this way
and 393 more injured than in the same
quarter of the preceding year.

Town and country are full of cases of
men injured in this way. A recent case
that came to notice in New York was
that of a man of thirty-seven who had been

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injured in a coupling accident in Geveland.
He secured no damages from the company
though they paid his hospital expenses. He
was later given a job as flagman which he
held for twelve years, but toward the close
of that period they required him, handi-
capped as he was, to do switching. Afraid
lest some worse accident might happen to
him, he asked for work less dangerous to
one in his condition and was told there
was none. Drifting finally to New York,
he was found a position as watchman in an
office building at $11.00 a week.
The Interstate Commerce Commission

clearly stands in need of this change as the
railway mail clerk. The loss of life oc-
casionally by the use of comparatively light
postal cars requires that Congress should
take some action to lessen this danger.

In his last message President Roosevelt
called attention to the need of an eight-hour
day for railway employes. About a month
later a fearful wreck occurred near Wash-
ington itself. The sworn testimony showed
that the engineer had had in all only eight
hours* sleep out of the previous fifty-seven.
His time seems to have been twenty-two
hours awake, then four hours' sleep, nine-

UNLOADING NEARLY HALF A TON OF DYNAMITE, NEW YORK.

has ordered that 75 per cent shall be the
minimum percentage of power brakes on all
trains subject to the provisions of the safe-
ty appliance law. Not long ago the at-
torney-general of the United States began
suits against several railroads for violation
of the provisions of this law. Another
change that should be made is in the better
construction of the cars, such as the all-
steel cars of the Pennsylvania, now being
built for use in the passenger service in
the tunnels under New York. All-steel cars
of this sort reduce the danger from fire and
flying splinters and are the nearest to non-
wreckable yet devised. Perhaps no one so

teen hours awake, then four hours* sleep,
and finally eight hours awake.

How many wrecks are due to the fact
that an engineer or a train dispatcher has
been on duty long beyond the limit of
human endurance, the public never knows.
Senator La FoUette in arguing his sixteen-
hour day maximum bill before the Senate
read a large partial list. When the bill
was voted on viva voce a number of Sena-
tors voted against it but when the vote was
made a matter of record only one dared
register in the negative. It is now pending
in the House.

But safety appliances, alert men and up-

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to-datc equipment, will avail nothing if the
block system be disregarded. J. J. Hill
was quoted recently as saying:

Every time I undertake a railroad journey
nowadays, I wonder whether it is to be my
last. The thing has grown to be uncertain.
It is a fact of knowledge to every railroad
man, that in this day from two to three
trains enter at times into every block of
every system in the country. There is dan-
ger in it.

Street railways, subways, elevateds and
other local lines arc almost as dangerous

porations, is that of a mechanic who had
been employed several years in the yards of
the same company. He was struck by a
live wire which affected his heart, twisted
his neck, practically destroyed his eye-sight,
and rendered him a nervous wreck. On the
day he was injui;)ed he received pay for only
seven hours because he did not work a full
day! On his partial recovery he was em-
ployed as watchman and was approached to
sign a release of his claim for $10. He re-
fused to do so and was discharged since
he would not discontinue his suit for dam-

BURSTED FLY WHEEL, CUMBERLAND, MD.

as the railways. Especially is this true
where there is a third rail. One of the
most careful painters on a New York ele-
vated railway was recently paralyzed by
contact with a third rail in performing his
di,ty— an accident due purely to the failure
of the company to provide him with rubber
gloves. Other circumstances of the case
combined to strengthen his claim, which a
lawyer is now pushing.

Another case illustrative of the disregard
of moral or economic obligations toward
their men on the part of certain traffic cor-

ages. The case resulted in a verdict in
his favor of $2,000. Of this $1,000 went to
his lawyer and $100 for witness fees leaving
$400, the compensation for almost all that
made life worth living. The result was that
in a short time he was a charge on charity.

THE MINES.

In the mines and quarries of the United
States the figures that are gathered by the
several states are fairly complete as far as
fatal accidents in coal mining are concerned.
For years Frederick L. Hoffman, statis-
tician of the Prudential Insurance Company,

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has gathered the statistics for this branch
of industry. He shows in the Engineering
and Mining Journal, that in eighteen states
of the United States there were for 1905,
2,159 fatal accidents in the coal mines:

The fatal accident rate in American coal
mines during 1905 was 3.44 per 1,000 em-
ployes, against an average of 3.11 for the
decade ended 1905. There was, therefore,
an increase of 0.33 per 1,000, equivalent to
210 lives more than if the rate during 1905
had been the average for the decade 1896-
1905. With the exception of 1902, the rate
during 1905 was the highest on record dur-
ing recent years.

As for the non-fatal accidents, Pennsyl-
vania reported in the same year 1,123 killed
and 2,365 injured in anthracite and bitum-
inous mining, a total of 3,488. This was
an average of one killed or injured for
every 55,000 tons mined.

Mr. Hoffman concludes:

Evidently the tendency of the fatal-acci-
dent rate in coal mining in the United
States, is in the wrong direction. Mine
labor has an increasing economic value and
the annual loss of life represents a not in-
considerable diminution of national wealth.

Mine accidents, as the readers of the news-
papers know them, are the spectacular
events of explosions and cave-ins. As a
matter of fact, the individual accidents
which under present conditions are passed
over as of comparatively small importance,
outnumber these in their tally of lives lost.
Falls of roof or slate, coal-cutting machin-
ery, and electricity are probably responsible
for more deaths than the "deadly" fire-
damp and the "careless" handling of dyna-
mite.

The introduction of coal cutting machin-
ery and the great influx of foreign labor,
says James E. Roderick, chief of the De-
partment of Mines of Pennsylvania, are
the two chief causes of the constantly in-
creasing number of accidents frpm falls of
coal, slate and roof. He continues:

Scores of foreign workmen annually meet
their fate in this way and the question
arises: Who is responsible for this great
loss of life? The reports of the inspectors
show clearly that over fifty per cent of the
employes, especially the miners and loaders.

are men that cannot understand the lan-
guage of this country and are ignorant of
the dangers that surround them. It would
be a most humane act if the foreigners
could be prevented from working in the
mines until they have acquired at least the
rudiments of the English language, unless
they can be put to. work with competent
men of their own nationality. It is my
opinion that a foreman who allows incom-
petent foreigners to work together who do
not understand the English language, should
be held guilty of manslaughter in case of
fatal accident to any of these men.

The dangers cannot be entirely eliminated
but they can be lessened greatly if the com-
mon and well-known precautions are taken.

In the collection of statistics for accidents
in mining it is usually considered that the
subject is exhausted when the coal mines are
examined. Such is not the case, of course,
for confining statistics to the coal mines
almost wholly neglects the mining opera-
tions of several large western states. Iron,
copper, gold and silver diggings, to say
nothing of the quarries, also add their quota
of accidents.

What is, then, the total number of miners
in all mines killed and injured annually?
According to a statement published some
time ago in the Indianapolis News, John
Mitchell, president of the United Mine
Workers, has made an estimate that, in
view of the known fatalities in coal min-
ing, does not appear to be excessive for the
entire country. In the fifteen states which
report mine accidents, 5,986 miners of all
classes were killed and injured in 1904.
In view of the fact that the year's record
in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Illinois, the chief
coal mining states, reached nearly that
number, the figures are probably sufficiently
accurate.

In the fifteen remaining states where min-
ing is an important industry, although re-
cords are not kept, he estimates the deaths
at 2,000 and injuries at 4,000. Thus in an-
thracite, bituminous, iron, copper, lead, sil-
ver and gold mines, as well as quarries,
there would be in a representative year
probably 11,986 men either killed or in-
jured.

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THE FACTORIES.

There are over 7,000,000 American work-
ingmen in the manufacturing and mechan-
ical trades, but only ten states make any
effort to secure reports of accidents result-
ing from the dangers that surround them —
Massachusetts, Rhode . Island, New York,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana,
Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin. As
far as real value attaching to these reports
is concerned, no statistician has ever used
them seriously, for in no case is it even
claimed that complete returns are obtained,
nor is it even known to what number of

months of April, May and June, of acci-
dents in a selected list of factories. The
result of the investigation was the discov-
ery that among 452,435 employes, there were
1,847 injuries in three months which, pro-
portionately, meant 7,388 for the year, a
rate of 16.33 per 1,000.

In citing these figures, their limited val-
ue should first of all be pointed out. The
accident rate reported in many industries is
ridiculously lower than the experience else-
where. From trade unions and other
sources it was learned that many accidents
occured in shops that did not report them.

LAYING THE FOUNDATION OF A SKYSCRAPER.
From the beginnlne to the end there Is a continual spilline of blood.

employes the figures obtained are applicable.
The definition of what constitutes an acci-
dent differs in almost every state, and as
for anylhing like compulsory reporting, it
does not exist.

There has been but one half-serious at-
tempt in America to secure accurate statis-
tics of accidents in factories, and that was
made by the New York Bureau of Labor
in 1899. The commissioner of labor and
the chief inspector of the state then co-
operated in a special effort to secure as com-
plete as possible a record during the three

But one thing the investigation did show,
that previous records were very defective.
More accidents were reported in chree
months than had heretofore been reported
in a year. Moreover these special reports
covered about half the factory workers of
the state.

Applying these figures to the manufactur-
ing and mechanical trades in the United
States, it will be found that about 115,000
accidents must occur annually if this pro-
portion, 16.33 per 1,000, holds good. But,
as the commissioner himself pointed out,

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this ratio is compared with 38.3 per 1,000 in
Germany. "That such a difference actually
exists in favor of New York, no one can
believe who is familiar with the more in-
tense energy and reckless purpose displayed
by American workmen. In fact all the
more accurate statistics (railways and
mines) go to show that the frequency of ac-
cidents in the United States exceeds that
in Europe."

If such were the case, that the accident
rate discovered was at least fifty per cent
too low, it would indicate that the correct

are tabulated. During the first quarter of
1906, 3,261 accidents were reported, nearly
half the total number for 1905. This, of
course, does not mean an increase of acci-
dents but better reporting.

The most common type of factory acci-
dent is what the newspapers call being
"caught in the machinery." Judged by a
newspaper clipping record of 612 accidents,
made as an experiment, thirty per cent of
factory accidents are of this nature. A large
proportion of such accidents could be pre-
vented by merely screening off moving parts

RAILROAD WRECK AT TERRA COTTA. NEAR WASHINGTON, D. C
Engineer had eight hours rest out of 57 hours service.

number for the entire country must be in
the neighborhood of 230,000 accidents. This
is only an estimate and only of value as
such in view of. the lack of facts. It shows
that these industries are cumulatively dan-
gerous and shows the need for investigation.
New York is getting probably the best re-
ports of accidents in manufacturing. Since
1902 the number of accidents so reported
has increased over 100 per cent. A new law
makes these reports confidential and they
cannot be subpoenaed in court proceedings,
a plan which should disclose a further and
amazing increase when the figures for 1906

of machinery. This is often prescribed by
law but frequently not attended to.

Cases of this sort could be multiplied in-
definitely. Recently a man was picked up
on the streets of New York for begging.
His hands and fingers were partly off — a
sacrifice to the speeding up the machinery
of a harvester company in Chicago. He
was an Armenian, unacquainted with our
laws, and easily put off by the manufac-
turer on the community for support.

Young girls as well as foreigners are
heavy sufferers. Cases in the big laundries
of loss of arms and hands in mangles are

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frequent; almost never is there any com-
pensation for the injury. In the jute mills
about New York, scores are injured. A
case that came to notice recently was that
of a girl of seventeen, who had been in-
jured two years before while operating a
feeding machine. She instituted a suit but
the probabilities were against her recover-
ing anything. Another victim with an ar-
tificial hand has been added to the list with
nothing to show for it.

A type of accident dreaded in the factor-
ies is to be caught in the leather belting or
struck by it when it snaps or flies off the
shaft. Adequate protection from accidents
of this sort is not especially difficult. Again,
fly-wheels, revolving too fast on account of
overload or over-speed, burst, showering
the men with as deadly fire as an exploding
shell from hidden artillery. Last year a
partial and incomplete record showed sev-
enteen men killed and thirty-five seriously
injured from this cause alone in seventy-
seven such accidents.

These accidents are naturally very vio-
lent. Says William H. Boehm in Insurance
Engineering:

Since disruption nearly always takes
place at a rim speed of 3 to SVa miles per
minute, the heavy fragments are hurled
with a speed so terrific that everything in
their path is mowed down as by a bombard-
ment. A single accident often involves the
death and injury of scores of employes and
a property loss of thousands of dollars.

The temptation in speeding up the work
to let a fly wheel run over speed has its
counterpart in piling on pound after pound
of steam pressure on a boiler that is not
built to stand the load. What we are do-
ing every year in this way is shown by
comparing our figures with those of Great
Britain. During the year 1905, there were
fourteen persons killed and forty injured
in Great Britain from boiler explosions.
On the other hand The Locomotive pub-
lished at Hartford, Conn., gave 383 per-
sons killed and 505 injured in the United
States.

The number of steam boilers in America
is not fifty per cent greater than that in
Great Britain, where the average of the
last twenty-two years is twenty-eight killed

and sixty injured. The number killed in
the United States should not exceed 40 a
year. As a matter of fact the death-roll is
nearly ten times that number.

In foundries, machine shops, steel-mills,
iron moulding shops, blast furnaces, car-
shops, locomotive works, rolling mills, and
wire mills thousands of men are every year
caught in machinery, struck by heavy in-
gots, or by traveling steel cranes, or steel
rails, — burnt, mangled and tortured. It is
not to be supposed that all factories are
chamel houses or that all employers are
ruthlessly slaughtering their men and coin-
ing their blood into dollars. Yet there is a
reverse side to what we ordinarily look on
as peaceful industry that is ghastly.

Here is the statement of Joseph G. Arm-
strong, coroner of Allegheny county, where
are blast furnaces and rolling mills:

"The number of deaths of foreigners in the
mills in Pittsburg and vicinity has come
to be nothing short of appalling, and after
careful investigation of the matter, I am
convinced that a great many are due to
lack of proper protection. Conditions are
such at present that the life of a foreigner
employed in the mills is given less consid-
eration than is the life of a horse or a
mule.'*

"If even the present laws were enforced
conditions would not be so bad," said the
Austro-Hungarian Consul, Adelbert Merle,
at Pittsburg. Hungarians, it was alleged,
"disappear" from the tops of blast furnaces,
where one misstep means a death worse
than hell. One of the clippings of a news-
paper record was headed "Slav spitted by
red hot rail."

Within the past month came the horrible
explosion in Pittsburg in which thirteen
were killed by a belching of molten metal
from a blast furnace. The deputy-coroner,
after investigating, claimed that the fur-
nace had not been working properly for
two weeks and that many men in fear had
quit their jobs. The accident, he said, could
have been avoided had the furnace been
shut down when the trouble first became
apparent. The rush of orders kept the
company from making the needed repairs
in time.

It should be borne in mind that this ar-

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tide does not deal with trade diseases. We
are dealing with physical accidents, plain
to the eye and countable. If these are un-
counted, we can only guess at the human
price of deadly white lead and its "wrist
drop" and paralysis, of phosphorous match-
es and the disease called "phossy jaw," of
"potters consumption," of hatter's "shakes"
and "miner's asthma" and "anthracosis**
and the myriad of insidious diseases, like
tuberculosis, that lurk in the materials and
the work rooms. We are almost as ignor-
ant of the extent and character of industrial
accidents as we are of industrial diseases.

CONSTRUCTION WORK.

From the mining of the iron, the quarry-
ing of the stone, and the felling and planing

total membership of 1,358 men in the union
last year, 156 either lost their lives or were
totally or partially disabled. During the
year before twenty-six were killed, twenty-
six were so injured that they could not re-
sume their trade, and the number of minor
injuries totalled about eighty. The in-
creased loss from ten to twelve per cent
of the membership of the union, was attri-
buted to a speeding up of the work which
it was claimed compelled the men to be-
come less careful.

Falling I-beams kill almost as often as
they maim. When they maim the effects
are terrible. Such was a recent case in which
two men were killed. The third was ren-
dered deaf and dumb, his ears were cut off

DYNAMITE LYING ABOUT LOOSE.
Excavation, New York Central SUtion, New Yorlc

of the timbers; from the manufacture of
the steel beams and hauling them to their
destination ; from the excavation and blast-
ing for the foundation of a modern sky-
scraper as well as the sinking of the cais-
sons; from all these things to the riveting
of the steel into its superb frame and
clothing that frame with stone, the process
of modem building construction involves a
continuous spilling of human blood.

For example, Chicago's skyscrapers last
year exacted the heaviest toll of human life
recorded in the history of building opera-
tions in that city. Figures compiled in the
annual death-roll of the Bridge and Struc-
tural Iron Workers* Union showed a great*
increase in fatalities among the men, Of a

and "recovery" meant apparently a state of
helplessness. He is now making scarcely
half his original wage working on patent
paper clips.

It is the falls from steel structures which
make bridge building all but head the list
as a dangerous trade. A large percentage
of accidents in construction work is due to
falls from insecure scaffolds, loose flooring
and the collapsing of flimsy structures. Ac-
cidents of this sort are in most cases pre-
ventable. Death is dealt by falling bolts,
cement blocks, bricks, tools, etc., by falling
derricks, by numberless other foreseen and
unforeseen accidents. Sometime or other
at every point from foundation to roof, hu-
man life pays the price,

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One of the most remarkable develop-
ments of modern engineering is in driving
subaqueous tunnels by means of a hydraulic
shield and compressed air. There is one
tunnel job about New York where not a
man has been lost by the "caisson disease,"
but this is not the case for all tunnel sys-
tems that are being put through. The cor-
oner of New York reported sixty-eight
deaths in tunnel work last year.

Dynamite and blasting powder are fatal
in peace as well as in war, from their
manufacture to their use. In a blasting
powder factory men work face to face with
death, and when death comes, — as it does
frequently, — it is widespread and unescap-
able. High wages tempt men to come but
few to stay.

But it is the reckless use of djmamite by
the men themselves, and the lax rules of
their employers that are responsible for
most fatalities. Last year in New York
city reckless handling of dynamite caused
a special investigation that resulted in the
summary removal of a city official who had
failed to enforce the law.

FARMING AND LUMBERING.

In agriculture the figures are even fewer
than in the building and construction trades,
yet farming is, contrary to the popular be-
lief, a hazardous occupation. The reason
for this is simple. The farmer in a small
way follows almost every occupation with-
out having special training or knowledge
of any, save tilling the soil. More than
that, every year sees the farmer using more
machinery to do his work, machinery that
in itself is far more dangerous than fac-
tory machinery, since it is almost always
full of knives and cutting edges and is sel-
dom as well inspected or as carefully cared
for.

Moreover the facts are hard to get at, if
not impossible, for the agricultural popula-
tion is scattered far and wide, over millions
of square miles out of touch with any ex-
cept the local correspondent of the country
weekly. The same is true in even greater
degree of lumbermen -and saw mill em-
ployes.

ESTIMATING THE LOSS.

The question arises, however, can we not
at least estimate the total loss every year?

Several methods of inference coincide in
leading to the conclusion that the number
of persons killed or injured in industry in
the United States is, as stated at the out-
set of this article, in excess of half a mil-
lion.

(1) Suppose the French experience is
taken as a basis. Excluding the mines and
railroads, France had 222,124 workers killed
and injured during 1905. France has a
population half that of the United States,
beside quite fully developed protective laws.
Granting that we are as careful as the
French, however, this would indicate that
our loss in the same year was in the neigh-
borhood of 444,248. Add to this the known
accident roll of 70,000 on the railroads and
the probable list of 12,000 in the mines and
the stupendous total of 526,500 accidents is
reached.

(2) Again suppose the German experi-
ence is taken. In 1899 the New York De-
partment of Labor took these figures and
applied them to the United States as far as
could be done. Its conclusion was that
there were 10,000 workers killed every year
in the United States, that 68,000 were dis-
abled from further work, that 55,000 were
disabled not permanently but for over three
months, and that 400,000 were incapacitated
from three days to three months. The
New York report concluded:

In the aggregate more than 500,000 per-
sons annually sustain such injury while at
work as to cause their temporary or per-
manent withdrawal from the ranks of in-
dustry and throw them for support upon
funds of their own accumulation or upon
the charity of friends or of the public save
in the relatively few cases wherein they
have insured themselves against such con-
tingency.

(3) Suppose the experience of Wiscon-
sin under a new law passed in 1905 is taken.
During the twelve months ended Septem-
ber 30, 1906, there were approximately 12,-
000 accidents reported, four per cent
fatal, eighty per cent serious and six-
teen per cent trifling. The total number
of wage earners in the country is almost
exactly forty times that of Wisconsin. If
the proportion held, this wom1<1 inc|icate that

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the total number of accidents is in the
neighborhood of 480,000.

(4) Suppose we take the experience of
the insurance companies. One of the larg-
est in the employers' liability business, in a
representative year, so chosen that the re-
turns are all in, wrote insurance on a wage
expenditure of $29,158,000. By insurance
companies the average wages of working-
men so insured has been found to be about
$500 a year. This wage expenditure, there-
fore, approximately represented the em-
ployment of 58,316 workingmen. During
the year there were reported 2,081 acci-
dents. By comparing the latter two fig-
ures it is seen that one workingman in
28.02 must, therefore have been injured
during the year. Neither railroad men nor
farmers were insured by this company,
though those employed in domestic and per-
sonal service were, as well as those in
mines, factories and construction work. The
trades involved covered roughly trades em-
ploying much more than half the total of
wage-earners in the United States. Apply-
ing the ratio only to one-half the wage-
earners, 14,500,000, the result is 518,000. Ad-
ding the railway and agricultural accidents
the total would be nearly 600,000.

(5) Suppose the figures of another of
the insurance companies, doing the same
sort of business are taken. These figures

are the result of fifteen years' experience
with a pay roll of $1,905,398,000. Assuming
the $500 rate of wages this would repre-
sent the employment of 3,811,030 persons
one year. The accidents reported numbered
185,088. Setting these two figures against
each other, it would turn out that one per-
son in 20.59 is injured annually in pursuing
his trade. The trades from which this rate
was derived included almost altogether
"manufacturing and mechanical pursuits."
Applying the ratio to the total number of
such workers in the country there are in-
dicated 344,000 accidents to them alone. Dr.
Josiah Strong has arbitrarily assumed that
all other occupations are only one-fifth as
dangerous as the manufacturing and me-
chanical. Though there seems to have been
no particular reason for the assumption, it
is interesting to note that it adds 220,000
accidents to the 344,000, making a total of
564,000, not far from the total indicated by
a rival company.

Above all it is important to bear in mind
that these figures are merely inferences.
They emphasize the need of facts; that an-
other census should not be taken without
an inquiry into the extent of industrial ac-
cidents. Until the facts are definitely col-
lected, it is not unwarrantable to assert that
we send to the hospital or the graveyard
one worker every minute of the year.

Widow Clancey's New Partner.

C. M. NORMAN.

|IDOW CLANCEY was indignant,
and, as she vigorously polished
the rosy fruit, she stormed men-
tally. To think, after all the
years she had passed in peace, her alley-way
should be invaded by a peddler, and such a
specimen! Then to cap the climax, Piper
had gone over to the enemy ; Piper, the lit-
tle mongrel pup she had rescued from a
band of howling street arabs, and had
nursed and reared with loving care. This
was the last drop in her cup of bitterness,
not but that the alley-way was wide enough

to accommodate both, with room to spare,
the Widow Clancey was mentally obliged
to admit that, but she was human, and like
many others, possessed a rather "dog in
the manger" spirit. So although she could
only occupy a small space in the alley-way,
she sat in her cozy place, behind the but-
tress of a large office building on one cor-
ner, and made herself unhappy.

The Gold Paint Man was the object of
her scorn and derision. Aged and bent, he
stood in an unassuming attitude, offering
in his small tray, gold paint for sale. His

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thin gray locks of hair shivered in the
strong, chill breeze, and he raised a faded,
red comforter, which he wore around his
neck, frequently to his lips, to stifle the
racking cough, and even the bust of Mi-
nerva, scantily spread with the paint to
prove its gilding qualities, wore a dejected
look, in keeping with its owner. The Wi-
dow Clancey noticed each movement, and
in her heart sheVas glad. "For," thought
she, "the cold wind will soon force him to
seek a more sheltered place."

The day wore on, and pennies and nickels
rattled in Widow Clancey's pocket, for
many had sampled the rosy-cheeked apples,
and each had a cheery greeting for her,
but the Gold Paint Man had very few
ciimes to count at the end of the day.

The next day was raw and chilly — a
typical New England day, and the Gold
Paint Man's cough was exceedingly irri-
tating to Widow Gancey. "Why couldn't
I be left in peace in my sunny comer?"
she thought. Several times the Gold Paint
man turned beseeching eyes toward her, as
if the voice of a companion might make the
long day less tedious, but the stony look
on her face deterred him from making any
advances; her very attitude was hostile, at
least as much as a roly-poly body is
capable of showing, for the Widow was as
round and as rosy as the apples she sold.

When the noon hour came, she bustled
about, drew out her alcohol lamp, and,
placing two fat sausages in a diminutive
frying pan, soon had a tasty lunch in prep-
aration. The Gold Paint Man's nostrils
twitched visibly as the savory odor floated
toward him on the chilly air, and Piper
frisked and barked in anticipation of the
bits of the coming feast. From his pocket
the Gold Paint Man drew a thin sandwich
of dry bread and scraps of meat, and, sit-
ting on the opposite curbstone, made as
satisfactory a lunch as the cold wind and
dry bread would permit. Piper ran across
and gazed wistfully in his face as if to say :
"**! wish you had some nice hot sausage, but
they belong to the Widow Clancey, and I
don't think she Would share with you."

A month passed; still the Gold Paint
Man stood in his accustomed place, and
still the Widow Clancey held aloof. One
day a runaway horse WW§?d ?Vlch a com-

motion in the street that people ran in
all directions, a great crowd of boys rushed
down the alley-way and upset the Widow
Clancey's basket, scattering the big and
rosy apples on the pavement. The mis-
chievous boys dashed for them, but in a
moment the Gold Paint Man was among
them, he seemed to be endowed with super-
human strength, and pushing this way And
that, with the aid of Piper, soon had the
alley-way clear and the apples restored to
their rightful owner. Much against her
will she thanked him, holding out a fine,
large apple for his acceptance, but, with an
old-fashioned courtly bow, Jie politely de-
clined the gift, although such a tempting
bit of fruit would have been a luxury and,
picking up the tray, while coughing from
the extra exertion, he trudged wearily
away into the dusk of the night. The
Widow Clancey's conscience began to trou-
ble her. "Tomorrow," thought she, "I will
be more friendly. Poor soul, he must be
lonesome. Yes, Piper," looking down at
him reflectively, "I am very much afraid I
have been selfish."

The next morning, to the Widow's own
surprise, she looked eagerly for the appear-
ance of the Gold Paint Man at the usual
time, but he did not stand in his place that
day; the next day passed, and she was
obliged to admit that she was lonesome.
Piper would run over to the curb, where the
Gold Paint Man always sat to eat his lunch,
then run back and look up in her face as if
to ask, "Where is he?"

As Widow Clancey was hurrying to the
alley-way one morning, almost a week after
the disappearance of the Gold Paint Man,
her heart gave a great throb, for a dark
figure stood in the Gold Paint Man's place.
"Perhaps he has been sick," she thought,
"and is now about again ; I will wish him
a pleasant good morning." Piper gave a
glad bark and rushed forward, but turned,
and with a disappointed whine, ran back to
his mistress, and what was her consterna-
tion to find a blatant Italian vender, calling
out his hot roast chestnuts to the hurrying
multitude. Her soul was now sorely vexed,
and she often longed, as the days, passed,
to see again the quiet bent figure that she
had so often looked at disdainfully. Piper
also drooped, and, if he carelessly ran too

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485

close to the roast chestnut vender, was re-
warded by a vigorous kick and a flow of
Italian ejaculations.

At length the Widow Gancey was forced
to seek warmer qmrters, and soon the
winds of winter had piled the snow in the
comer where she had sat so cozily during
the sunshiny autumn days.

One bright spring morning the Widow
Clancey came walking briskly down the
street, with Piper frisking and barking
at her side. Dear me! what a sight the
comer was! She bustled about, sweep-
ing out the dead leaves and arranging her
little store and comfortable seat, while
Piper assisted as much as his ability would
allow. When he would grow too frisky,
and try to run away with the hem of her
dress, she would give him a playful whack
with the broom. Suddenly Piper stopped,
and, turning his head sideways, perked up
one car and listened. Faintly, Widow
Oancey heard slow, feeble steps coming.
Piper gave one short, glad yelp, and raced
away around the comer: a stooping figure
crept slowly into the alley-way, a little thin-
ner and paler, with the tray of gold paint
in his arms.

The Widow Clancey turned and, with
a pleased look in her eyes, said, "Good
morning, good morning, and it*s glad in-
deed that I am to see you, and how are
you after the hard winter we have had?"

"Fairly, fairly, thank you kindly, and
here still, the Lord be praised," replied the
Gold Paint Man, tuming to sit down in his
old pbce on the opposite curbstone, for he
was exhausted after his long morning walk.

"G)me, my friend, and sit here," said
the Widow Clancey heartily, pushing one
of the stools forward, "it is more shel-
tered here, and sunny." Piper was delighted,
for at last his two great friends were also
friends, so he jtunped and barked and al-
most tried to tie himself into knots.

When the noon hour came, four sausages
were sizzling in the frying pan, and Piper
had no cause now to rvn over to the op-
posite curb and gaze wistfully up at the
Gold Paint Man's face, for there was a
family party in the sunny street corner.

When evening came, the Widow found,
to her satisfaction, that their homes by
very near together, and passers-by smiled as
they watched her, with her basket, and he,
with the tray under his arm, slowly walk
away into the dusky glow of the setting
sun. Once he oflFered to carry the basket;
but she said: "Why, man alive, I could put
you in the basket and carry both with no
trouble."

As the weeks passed, the Gold Paint Man
grew stronger. Widow Clancey brought
mixtures of her own make, which seemed
to possess wonderful healing qualities, and,
by late spring, his cough has disappeared.
Her motherly instincts being aroused, she al-
ternately petted and scolded the Gold Paint
Man, but he was happy in her companion-
ship.

They had stopped at her steps, as usual,
to say "good night" one evening in the fol-
lowing autumn, when the Widow Qancey
turned to her companion and said: "I do
believe you need someone of your very own
to comfort and take care of you, but I
don't believe you would ever have the cour-
age to ask her."

The Gold Paint Man looked at her, the
rosy glow of the setting sun lit up his face,
and transformed the old, bent figure; his
eyes shone blue, and he straightened in-
stinctively. Her plump hand hung at her
side; leaning toward her, he raised it to his
lips and kissed it.

Several weeks later, a customer stopped
for his usual morning apple and, seeing a
rosy-cheeked girl in the Widow Clancey*s
usual comer, asked if she was sick. "Sick !"
the girl answered joyfully, "why. Lord
bless her, sir, this is Aunt Mary's wedding
day"^Saxbys Magazine,

3—1

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"The Boomer/'

c J. THOMPSON. — The Railroad Telegrapher.

I HE Boomer sauntered into the
office and took a comprehensive
survey of his surroundings.
Roughly dressed, his old
slouch hat showing but few signs of its
original shape', his linen soiled and collar
dirty, clothing old, shiny at the elbows, and
showing numerous dams and patches, evi-
dently not the handiwork of womankind,
and his face covered with a stubby growth
which did not tend to make him look more
prepossessing; it was evident he had been
"up against it" for some time.

Under his arm he carried a bundle con-
taining his store of worldly goods, which
in all probability, did not exceed one change
of clothes. But there was a kindly look in
the keen blue eyes which bespoke a good
heart, and awoke a feeling of confidence in
the man despite the rough clothing.

The agent and the operator and the
youthful office boy turned and stared at the
intruder. Of the "Home Guard" them-
selves, and having always worked for the
good old A., B. & C they did not under-
stand that while greater ability may be ac-
quired by changing from one road to an-
other, that it was often done at the ex-
pense of one's personal appearance.

"Understand you are short a night man,"
said the Boomer.

"Yes, we are," said the agent, vaguely
wondering of what interest the fact could
be to the tramp. "What of it?"

"Oh, nothing, except the chief sent me
down to see if I could handle it Pretty
stiff job, eh?"

The agent and the operator gasped for
breath, and the operator, just recovering
from his surprise, replied: "Yes, its* no
cinch."

"Where are you from?" "From the 'Q.*
last," said the Boomer.

He studied awhile trying to fix the loca-
tion of the "Q.", but, failing, made up his
mind it was one of the small and unim-
portant one-horse railroads scattered here

and there throughout the country, and
mentally sighed as he thought of having
to break in an inexperienced operator.

He remembered the time when the chief
had sent young Billy Smith from a flag
station on one of the branches to work
nights. The night chief had gone on one
of his streaks and thrown it into Billy so
fast he couldn't copy it. Got him so scared
he couldn't copy it even when he did send
slow, and then jacked him up until the
poor frightened Billy had lit out for his
father's farm afoot. Why, even he, old
tried operator that he was, with a full two
years' experience, had all he could do to
get it down when the chief sent fast, with-
out breaking every little while, and he usu-
ally copied it over again afterwards.

Now what would this fellow do who was
evidently just off a farm, when the chief
began to send those long pick-up messages ?
Suppose he got another "streak" like he
did with Billy? Well, maybe, if he got
scared out the chief would know enough to
send a good man the next time. He
couldn't stay awake all night. just to help a
greenhorn out. No, they would have to
learn the same as he did. Hadn't he swept
out the depot, cleaned and filled the lamps,
walked half a mile night and morning with
the switch lights, done the expensing, ran
errands, helped with the abstracts, and stud-
ied telegraphy nights for a whole year be-
fore he was given a job?

Certainly he had. He had worked for
his present responsible position. And oth-
ers wishing to obtain similar proficiency
had ought to start the same. However, he
would give this new one a few pointers to
show his good will.

So thought the day operator.

"Well," he said, "I suppose you are
ready to go right to work?"

"Yes. Just show me where I can put
my 'turkey.' and I'll fly at it"

"Your what?" said the day man, peering
about for the bird.

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"My turkey," said the Boomer, pointing
to the bundle under his arm.

Well, of all things. A turkey in that
bundle. Yes; he certainly must be just off
the farm, and bringing the turkey to some
relatives in town. "It ain't alive, is it?"
asked the operator.

"Not much," replied the Boomer; this
time mistaking his meaning.

"I haven't seen a sign of anything since
I left it out on an anthill at Sand creek a
couple of years ago."

To the operator this was not exactly
clear, but a call on the wire just then in-
terrupted him, and pointing to a cubbyhole
under the counter, told him to put his tur-
key there, and answering his call began to
copy the message. The unusually clear and
perfect Morse attracted the Boomer's at-
tention. "That sending sounds familiar,"
he said. "Guess you never worked with
him," the operator replied. "That's the
night chief. He's been here for two years,
and he's a terror. Off some Western road,
I understand. I don't believe there's an
operator living that can copy him when he
sends as fast as he can. I can't, I know.
But I don't want to scare you. You'll have
a lot of messages to take from him during
the night. You'll have a lot to send, too,
and you want to shoot them right at him,
because he gets sore if you send slow.
We've got lots of pretty swift senders on
this line, but there's none of them could
ever make him break on anything that
sounded at all like Morse. But he's not
such a bad fellow, and if you ask him to
send slow, he'll probably do it.

"Well, I must go home and go to bed.
You won't have much doing till about mid-
night. Then youll get your bunch of mes-
sages. This lever here throws the order
board. That's what you stop trains with,
you know, and whatever you do don't for-
get to put it out just as soon as the dis-
patcher says '9.' You understand that
Oh, all right. Well, good night. I hope
you get along all right, but if you get in
trouble, call me. I live just across the
road, and I'll come over and help you out."
Then he stepped into the night and was
gone.

The agent came in, made an inquiry or
two as to whether he was bonded or not;
eyed him askance for a while, then went
over to the safe and spent a minute or two
whirling the little wheel until he was sure
the day combination was certainly off, and
with a final eye to fastenings of money
drawer and ticket case, he, too, was gone.

The Boomer smiled. He had seen such
things before.

A portly gentleman walked up to the
ticket window and gazed about the office.
"Where is the operator?" he asked.

"I am the operator. What can I do for
you?"

"You're the operator, eh? Well, I don't
suppose you'll know anything about it, but
I wanted to find out what it will cost to get
from here to Bear Creek, Kansas, and
what connections I can make, etc"

"I can give you that information," said
the Boomer.

"You'll get to Chicago if you take this
night train—"

"But I didn't want to go until next
week."

"Well, it will be the same then. You'll
get to Chicago at 7:25 a. m., and make di-
rect connections from there to Bear Creek,
where you'll arrive at 11 :40 p. m. the next
day. And if I can locate the rate book, I'll
tell you what it will cost."

The old gent stared at the Boomer with
open mouth, then burst out:

"Now, see here, young man. Don't try
to fool me, and make me believe you've got
all that in your head. Mr. McHamm, our
agent, has been working for this company
twenty-five years, and he always spends
about an hour looking things up, and then
sometimes don't get it right"

The Boomer laughed.

"Well," he said, "you see, I've worked
on all these lines this side of Chicago,
which you are going over, and as it hap-
pened I took the trip from Chicago to
Bear Creek only week before last on the
same train you would take; so I have the
time down pat."

"You don't say? What kind of trains

have they got west of Chicag

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they had everything from a bathroom to a
theater on those trains/'

"I couldn't say as to that/' smiled the
Boomer.

"Couldn't say. I thought you rode on
that train."

"So I did."

"And can't tell what it's like inside?"

"No. You see I rode the B. B."

"Whafs that?"

"The blind baggage."

"Oh, train baggageman; I see. Was it
easy work?"

"Yes; I didn't handle much baggage/'

"Uh, huh. You say the rate is $31.25.
All right Good night, and much obliged."

The hours went by; the wires grew still,
except for the occasional "O. S." of a
sleepy operator reporting a train far down
the line, answered by the quick "O. K." of
the night chief.

"Funny/' thought the Boomer. "That
sounds just like my old chum, Jack. Can't
be, though; he'd never get this far east
Wonder where he is now, anyway." Nine-
thirty p. m. brought a few freight trains in
rapid succession, and by 10 o'clock he had
quite a respectable bunch of lists and mes-
sages to send to the formidable night chief.

Things grew quiet again. Rubbing his
hand over his stubby face, he came to the
conclusion he would have time to shave.
Going to the cubbyhole he took out his
"turkey/' and, untying it, took out razor
and shaving glass and strop, and unrolling
a piece of soap from a newspaper, he
stood prepared to relieve himself of his
beard.

Now, the office boy to whom I fear we
have not devoted enough attention, was
something of a Sherlock Holmes in em-
byro. It was his intention to finally attain
a partnership with the "Old Sleuth," "King
Brady," or some one sufficiently famous to
be deserving of his services. And his time,
when not engaged in delivering messages,
was spent in acquainting himself with the
contents of "The Weekly Bold and Bad/'
five cents per copy, or other literature hav-
ing a bearing on his chosen profession.

From the first he had viewed with sus-
picion this pretended operator. His very

clothes were proof that he was no opera-
tor. For wasn't Mr. McHamm and Mr.
Homer, both operators, always well dressed.
How were they so easily deceived? But
he would say nothing. There was some
deep plot afloat He would discover it
He alone would have the honor of expos-
ing this villain to the world. But what
could the plot be? He puzzled over this a
great deal. And when the shades of night
had fallen, crept to the rear office window
and peeped in. He saw the operator sit-
ting quietly in his chair, and had almost
made up his mind that for once his instinct
had led him astray, when his eye fell on
the safe.

Ah, he had it. It was all too plain. Had
he not seen the agent put $27 in that safe
with his own eyes? And that cunning rob-
ber was but awaiting a suitable moment to
blow that safe to atoms and loot it of its
wealth. But he would foil him at the very
moment of his success. Even as he looked
the operator arose and taking his bundle
from the cubbyhole began to undo it Fev-
erishly the boy watched. If it was only a
turkey as the man said, then he would be
compelled to doubt the logic of his deduc-
tions.

But, no; that is surely a jimmy he is
taking from the bundle. Now for the dy-
namite. But when the shaving outfit came
fully into view, he was more than ever sure
of himself.

Why had the man said it was a turkey?
To deceive, certainly. And now he was
shaving to change his appearance.

Yes, he had read of that being done time
and again in "Bold and Bad." The jimmy
and the dynamite were still in the bundle,
no doubt. Would he proceed to use them
as soon as he is shaved or not? Ah, he is
through shaving. He puts back the tools
and wrapping up the soap in a paper, he
puts that back, too.

Hark, the train is coming. That is why
he doesn't make the attempt on the safe.
He has heard it

An engine goes puffing by, dragging a
long string of empties, and stops at a wa-
ter tank a little way from the office. A
head is thrust cautiously ouMrom th& door
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of the box car nearest the office, and with
a quick eye, trained l>y long practice in no-
ting the approach of "shacks/' he peers into
the brightly-lighted office. An expression
of wonder and surprise drops from his
lips as his eye rests on the figure of the
Boomer sitting at his desk. ''Good Lord.
Can that be Harry? No, surely not way
back here.

"But as I live, it is."

And, jumping from the car, he ran into
the office and grasped his old friend's hand.
The surprise on the later's face, however,
did not abate for a moment the suspicions
of Sherlock Holmes, Jr. Here was an ac-
complice. The plot thickens. He must
have help.

So leaving the two old chums to acquaint
each other with where they had been, and
the various faults and virtues of the sev-
eral different chiefs they had worked under
since last they met, he hurried to the house
of the operator, determined to save the $27,
though he had to divide the honors. Ah,
those honors. In his mind's eye he could see
his mother weep for joy at her son's brave
deed. And the "Weekly Scandal" would
have foot-high type to herald it. And have
his picture surrounded by a laurel wreath
on the front page. And the president of
the road would come down in his special
and call him his brave boy, and fall on his
neck, and give him a quarterly pass. And
the thought spurred him to greater speed
as he shot across the road. Up the alley
and around the back way he sped; up the
stairs to the door of the operator's room,
and hammered with all his might till he
had him aroused, and telling him the new
man was about to blow up the safe, and
that. there was another man with him, and
that the "turkey" was no turkey at all, but
a bundle of burglar tools. Hastily don-
ning his clothes and slipping a revolver into
his pocket, they ran for the depot, and,
creeping around to a rear window, looked
in. The safe was still intact. They were
in time. The clock struck twelve, and
drowned the remark the new-comer was
making to the night man. But they heard
him reply: "Well, Tom, old boy; I've been
up against it pretty bad myself the last

two weejcs, but I'll go halves with you,
and try and square you out for a ride into
headquarters. By the way, doesn't that
sound just like old Jack's sending,' as the
call came sharp and clear.

"Yes, it does. Pretty good stuff, ain't it?
What does he want?"

"Guess he's got something for me. Ill
answer him."

And, breaking, he answered his call

The operator listening at the window
pricked up his ears.

Never in his life had he been able to
snap back his answer to the chief so sharp-
ly. It was beginning to dawn on his mind
that this man might be a bona fide opera-
tor. If he was, wait and see how he han-
dled the night chief.

"AHR," buzzed the little sounder, and
the operator saw the Boomer take down
the clip and get his pen and ink. But not
till the chief had sent the heading, address
and part of the body of the message did he
begin to copy. Then his hand fairly raced
across the page. His pen seemed to dance
madly here and there, but from its point
the words flowed with a rapidity little
short of marvelous. The message fin-
ished, he laid it quickly aside, and tearing
off another sheet, started the next one,
which the chief, surprised at not being
'1)roken," was sending a little faster. The
operator at the window craned his neck to
see what the Boomer had written. And
this is what he saw :

Headings properly filled in, every word
just as it was sent But the writing! Nev-
er, in his wildest dreams had he thought it
possible for a person to write at that speed
and turn out so perfect a copy. Line after
line, as though written on ruled paper.
Each letter as perfect as though printed,
and with all those little curves and flour-
ishes and connected words so dear to an
operator's heart The office boy caught the
look of astonishment on the operator's face.
•*Is he really an operator?" he asked.

"Is he? Is he? WeU, I guess he is."

Still the chief continued to send. Finally,
surprised at the length of time that office
copied without "breaking,** he stopped tend-
ing, and sharply didced: "R. U. TR.**

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"ES, GA," came the quick response, and
then the chief broke loose. Quicker and
quicker the little instrument reeled off its
dots and dashes. Faster and faster raced
the supple hand across the sheet, turning
off line after line of the fanciest writing
the operator had ever seen. Forgetful of
the purpose he had come for, he left his
post and walked into the office to see more
of this wonderful copier. Sheet after sheet
he filled and threw aside. And still they
came; faster and thicker. To the uniniti-
ated, it would have seemed a steady stream
of dots. But the ready ear of the man at
the desk separated them into letters, words,
sentences with a rapidity miraculous. The
Boomer's friend knew by the rapt attention
the operator was giving the wire, that he
also was a "Knight of the Key." Leaning
forward and pointing to the Bloomer, he
said : "Your night chief is an old friend of
Harry's and mine. We all worked together
in the West. I know it is him sending."

The operator nodded, and went up and
looked over the Boomer's shoulder. He
was copying ten words behind.

The night chief getting angrier and an-
grier that he could not make his man break,
reeled off the words in torrents.
^ Faster than ever the dots and dashes
thundered into the ears of the eager listen-
ers. The chief was now doing his best.
The speed was terrific. Was it possible this
shabby tramp could keep up? If so he
would have done what many of his well-
dressed competitors on the A., B & C. could
not

Again he looked over the Boomer's
shoulder.

The lithe fingers still raced from one
side of the sheet to the other. From the
pen's point the ink still flowed into beauti-
ful lines and curves. But he is evidently
doing his best.

It is a battle of giants. He is ten words
behind. Can he make up those ten words
by the time the chief says "Sig"? If he
can't, at the speed they are going he will
start the following message at a disadvan-
tage, and probably have to break. All real-
ized the crisis. The dayman hung on the
ragged shoulder of the Boomer's friend.

and together they watched with clenched
fists and bated breath, the struggle. Grad-
ually, so gradually, in fact that they could
hardly notice it, the firm, strong hand be-
gan to close up the gap. Faster and faster
the sentient pen snatched the words from
the little sounder.

Eight words behind; six behind, and still
he slowly gained. But the message was
drawing near its close. Could he catch up
before the "Sig."? That was the question.

Even as they gazed the answer came.
The pen was now right on the heels of the
little sounder.

Three words behind; now two; now one.

Now it is picking up the letters almost as
they drop from the Sbund«r, which is mak-
ing the last word, till just as the chief
snapped off the final dot in the g of "Sig,"
the ready hand swept down and put the
signature to the message with a firm, even
stroke.

"NM," snapped the sounder, while the
day man and the Boomer's friend hugged
each other and shouted like those gone
daft.

"U. sure U. Gt Tm. All." "Wt. U.
Sine."

The Boomer laughed. "By George, that's
Jack all right. Who'd have thought it?
Let's see if he is as good at receiving as
he used to be."

"O. K. V. N." he replied. "Hrs a. fu.
r. u."

"Art. Hy Up," came the quick response,
while mentally the chief was trying to
think where he had heard that "sine" be-
fore. But he soon was kept too busy to
think of anything but the work of putting
down the letters his big sounder and reso-
nator were rolling off. The other operators
in his office stopped for a moment, sur-
prised at the unusual racket the chiefs in-
strument was making. Then their quick
ears catching the tmusual speed and beauty
of the Morse which was now rolling like
an avalanche, they left their keys open,
messages partly sent, andP one and all crowd-
ed around the chief. Was it possible the
chief could get it, and who was the send-
er? Some there were who, sure of his
prowess, were willing to bet most anything

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491

that he could But the older heads waited.
Never had they heard sending like this be-
fore. If anyone could get it, it was the
chief. But—

In the meantime, in the little office way
down the line, the two newly-made friends
watched with breathless interest the new
struggle. Not, however, with the suspense
of the former. Now they were the aggres-
sors, and it seemed certain that smoothly
though it ran, the extraordinary speed
would surely conquer their famous chief.
And even if the Boomer failed, he would
have established a record for beautiful
sending that would stand for years. The
words rolled out with greatest precision
and wonderful speed. Message after mes-
sage he sent with no apparent increase, and
the chief showed no sign of breaking. He
shot the paper blanks into place in his ma-
chine, and hammered the messages out of
the keys with a speed and accuracy that
would put a professional typewriter to
shame. The anxious crowd around him
were beginning to take hope. Small bets
were made that he would win out. For
surely this wonder at the other end of the
wire had reached his limit, and could not
increase his speed.

But the Boomer had just begun. He had
now sent half of his messages, but twelve
more remained. His arm, stiffened by two
weeks' inactivity, had limbered to its work.
Imperceptibly at first he quickened his
Speed. Forty. Forty-five. Fifty words a
nrinute clicked forth.

Never before had the little sounder fol-
k>wed a dot with a dash so quickly. Only
six messages left

Sleepy operators along the line rolled off
their tables and listened open-mouthed to
the wonderful Morse.

Never was the like heard before. Each
letter so perfectly made that even the most
critical failed to note a fault And the
spaces between each letter and word;
though only the tiniest fraction of a second
allowed to each, were timed to a nicety to
the speed he was going. No more bets
were made in the office of the chief. He
had already broken all existing records in

thar office, and was now doing what they
had thought impossible.

Beads of sweat began to gather on his
brow, but he was oblivious to all except
his machine, and the brazen voice of his
instrument, which now beat and hammered
on its resonator at the unheard-of rate of
sixty words per minute. Back and forth
over the keys his fingers twinkled. Like a
flash he returned the carriage and shot in
the fresh paper. A clerk made an attempt
to feed the machine for him. "Back," he
snarled. "Fll win alone." And faster than
ever the strong fingers hammered the keys.

Like lightning the little type danced up
and down against the platen. Only three
messages left at the little office down the
line. The Boomer again increased his speed
sixty-five words per minute. Now seventy,
and .his whole being is wrapped up in his
sending. All his thoughts concentrated in
the purpose of beating his old chum. But
still the marvelous perfection of his send-
ing is unchanged. Still no sign of break-
ing from the chief.

He has reserved a long message for the
last, and now summoning all his reserve,
he pours it over the wire at the rate of sev-
enty-five. The aluminum beam of the little
sounder twinkled back and forth between
its pinions with a rapidity too great for
the eye to follow, while the chief's huge in-
strument scourged with the same fiery tor-
rent threatens to tear itself loose from its
bearings.

The chief leans over his machine. Every
muscle tense; every nerve strained to the
utmost to keep abreast of the ceaseless tor-
rent of words pouring like mad from his
crazy instrument With desperate energy
he dashes off the words, but the little group
looking over his shoulder note he is five
words behind. But game to the last the
knowledge that he is slowly losing ground
does not prevent him from exerting him-
self to the utmost.

Splendid copier that he is, he has at last
found his match.

Five — six — seven words behind. Still he
does not loose the sense of the message.
The watchers had now given up all hope
of his winning, and as they watched him

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drop slowly back, their main interest be-
came centered on the number of words he
would be able to copy behind without los-
ing the sense of the message.

Still working with unparalleled rapidity,
he kept slowly falling back. Ten — ^fifteen —
twenty words behind. It began to be hard
for him to remember them all, get those
that were coming, and put them down at
the same time. ^

At twenty-two he had to stop an instant
to think them out, missed a word in the
meantime, caught the one following in time
to fill it in, started to write where he had
left off, and lost for another instant the
thread of the sentence; picked it up in the
middle of a word ending in "ig;" knew
he was lost, and with a groan reached for
the key to "break."

He was just about to open it when his
ear caught the name, McHamm; knew it
must be the signature to the message, and
that the word ending in "ig" was "Sig."

Like lightning his hands shot back to the
machine and dashed off the remaining

words, just as the big sotmder, now going
slower, but still in the same clear-cut
Morse, spelled off: "Tts. all. Hw. U.
Cmg., Jack?"

The chief dropped limply in his chair.

**If he'd have had another message he'd
have got me," he gasped.

But the crowd in the office whooped and
cheered, and considered it a fair victory
for their friend, the chief.

He had made up his mind long ago as to
who was his opponent, and the conversa-
tion that they had over the wire was one
which left an impression on the mind of
every listening "ham" that night

The outcome of it all was that Harry
and Tom, who also was a fine operator,
gathered up their "turkeys" the next morn-
ing and left for headquarters. Not in a
box car, but on passes furnished by Jack,
who happened to be wanting two good men
for second and third tricks. But the tele-
graphic battle of the two chums will long
be remembered on the A., B. & C.

The Ideals Of The Labor Movement.

H. F. WARD.

IN THE world-wide labor move-
ment, the aspirations and ideals
of the common people find voice
and expression. It speaks not
only for the skilled workmen who constitute
the strength of its various industrial and
political organizations, but also for that
great company of unskilled workers who
form the base of the social pyramid. To
these, so long denied any other activity in
the common life, save that of toil, demo-
cracy has given a place and part in the
commonwealth. Silent, in patient toil
through long centuries, at last their voice
is heard, and through the labor movement
they speak their hopes and desires.

Listening to their voice, we discover as
one of the strongest of the forces making
for social progress, that in the midst of

the sordid materialism which dominates so
much of our modem life there is flourish-
ing in the labor movement a healthy and
robust idealism.

What is the spirit of the strivings and
the goal of the purpose of the people who
make this movement? With what ideals do
they come to their place in the conmion-
wealth to shape its destiny? Bemg of the
people, these ideals are like the people,
simple and strong. They are the old-fash-
ioned ideals, that have always dwelt in the
heart of the people and pointed the way
forward.

First on the banners of the labor move-
ment is blazoned the word Brother-
hood. The rallying cry of their forces is
the Brotherhood of Industry, and it is
something more than a cheap sentiment.

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There is less cant about it here than else-
where because the movement only has
strength to the degree in which its mem-
bers feel the common need and express the
common ideals of all the workers. Their
cause depends upon the extent to which
they can actually realize the spirit of broth-
erhood. Against the opposition of organ-
ized wealth and its control of legal and po-
litical influence, against the prejudices and
alien mtellcctual habits of the people of cul-
ture and leisure, they can oppose only the
solidarity of their ranks and the sympathy
which the justice of their cause may evoke.

Therefore it is that the strongest exam-
ples of brotherhood are today to be found
in the labor movement When in time of
strike the empty pantry and the white faces
of children tempt the father to listen to the
offer of higher wages to go back to work,
it is the mother who will not let him injure
the common cause. During the great anthra-
cite coal strike two and a quarter million
doUars were sent to the support of the
striking miners by special assessment on
unionists of every trade. The sympathetic
strike, from the standpoint of the interests
of labor, is often like the Charge of the
Light Brigade; "It is not war, but it is
magnificent," as the expression of an ideal

There were many complex causes leading
to the last Stock Yards strike, but the fact
that the issue on which the strike was fin-
ally declared, was a demand of the skilled
workers for increased wages for the un-
skilled laborer, is a striking example of the
power of this ideal brotherhood in the labor
movement It is not merely self interest
that animates the fight against woman and
child labor. The men who lead in these
struggles are not the men who feel the
hardest pressure in their own homes. They
are working for others ; and they have, too,
some vision of the danger to the common-
wealth in the maintenance of these inhu-
manities.

But, someone says, *'in its attitude to-
ward the nonunion man the labor move-
ment violates the spirit of its own ideal of
brotherhood." The trouble is that this
judgment of the attitude of labor is formed
from some newspaper accoimt of an act of
violence, and a single shock of our sensi-

bilities by a particular instance of brutality
confuses both our intellectual and moral
judgment Let us be fair. We read in the
paper that a picket has slugged a ''scab"
and "put him out of business." In our su-
per-refinement we are shocked, and we say,
"How brutal!" But the employer, indi-
vidual or corporation, with deliberate in-
tent slugs his competitor with his heavier
capital and effectually "puts him out of
business" forever. It is done every day,
it does not get into the papers, and if we
happen to hear of it, some of us say, "How
clever!" and the rest sigh, and complacent-
ly remark about the "law of progress." Let
us at least be fair in our judgments, and
recognize that the use of financial force by
the employer to put his competitor out of
business is morally of the same nature as
the use of physical violence by the union
man in putting the "scab" out of business.
Let us give to each the same righteous in-
dignation. Then it ought to be remembered
that in the background- of the act of the
laboring man there looms his ideal of broth-
erhood, which to him the scab is viohating;
while behind the act of the employer there
is nothing but the grim spirit of conscience-
less success or the grimmer spirit of greedy
gain.

It is one of the moral paradoxes that be-
hind the passions aroused by the local is-
sue of having one's job taken, rises also
the larger feeling that one is acting for the
cause of the brotherhood of the workers.
To the union man it is the "scab" who is
violating the ideal of brotherhood. He
says, "This man is a traitor to the cause of
his people. We are working for the im-
provement of the conditions of all workers,
and he, because of his weakness or his self-
ishness, would destroy our work and sac-
rifice the welfare of his fellows to his own
wants." Thus even the apparent denial of
brotherhood in the sentiment and action
toward the "scab," when judged fairly, is
in reality an expression of devotion to the
ideal. The strength of this ideal and its
ethical results are imdreamed of outside the
labor movement. Mr. Hapgood tells of a
man, not a union man, who had committed
every crime in the decalogue, and some
that are not there, and who was asked if he

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had ever been a "scab/' He said : "Oh, no.
I may be bad, but Vm not as bad as that.
That is against my principles.'*

I am not attempting to excuse hatred and
evil passion, I would be the last man to pal-
liate or condone acts of violence. But I am
pleading for a fair judgment of the ethical
nature of the attitude of the labor move-
ment toward the "scab." And this can
never be secured by allowing individual
cases of violence to determine the judg-
ment. The labor leaders know just as well
as we do that violence alienates sympathy
from their cause, and that an unfair attitude
toward the nonunion man reacts against the
movement The best of them say openly
that their whole policy shall be to train
their men into fairness toward nonunion
men. I quote:— "When strikes are de-
clared the men should go home and stay
there. If any men can be secured to take
their places, let them take them. In the
past there has been too much coercion and
too little instruction and education along
these Imes." "If the benefits of the union
cannot be made apparent to the non-mem-
ber and if the influence which they can ex-
ert collectively is insufficient to induce them
to join, then their cause has little strength."
'*You may say without qualification that this
is our aim and that we shall work steadily
toward such an education of our men as
finally to bring it about" But we must re-
member that a labor union is not a kinder-
garten.

Considering fully the attitude of the labor
movement toward the man outside its
ranks, it is yet evident that it shows us a
truer realization of the spirit and ideal of
brotherhood than can be fotmd anywhere
else in modem society.

When it comes to the relations of the
people in the labor movement to the people
outside of it, their ideal is justice. This
is behind the flrst demand of organized la-
bor for increased wages and shorter hours
of work. Said a preacher to me, as if it
were a sin: "They want more money."
Well, who doesn't. I know some preach-
ers who for duty's sake have refused offers
of increased salary, and there are labor
leaders who have done the same thing. But
I have not seen many preachers running

the other way when more money was offer-
ed them. How many employers are there
who are not wanting more money? Many
of our business men, like hogs with their
feet in the trough, want more than they or
their families can ever use. But they have
"brains" and they may give some of it to
charity, therefore their struggle to get it
should be applauded. Why should the thing
that is lauded in the business man be con-
demned in the worker? Why should it be
thought that what is a virtue in one is a sin
in the other? Why does the preacher want
and need more money? That he may have
larger opportunities for himself and his
family. And that is just why the laboring
man wants and needs more money, and
must have it "The demands of labor are
distinctly ethical demands," said a man of
the labor movement at the Civic Federation
meeting at Mrs. Potter Palmer's house.
"We like to see nice things. We would like
to have some in our oym homes. We think
it is very well to have bath-tubs in fac-
tories, but we want them in our homes ; and
we are going to have them." The comforts
of life, the large opportunities can no longer
belong to the privileged few. Universal
education raises the standard of wants that
must be met A wealthy and prominent
church member of this city justified himself,
to himself, for paying $1.35 per day to his
unskilled laborers, because they would only
spend it in beer, whereas he could use it
for better purposes. Perhaps he had never
heard that Lincoln said, "No man is wise
enough to rule his fellows." But he ought
to know that The law of life laid down in
the Gospels is that your rights are your
neighbor's rights, and that your privileges
should be his privileges, regardless of
whether or not he cares to use them. That
is the way that God treats men. His rain
falls on the just and unjust All have the
Divine likeness, regardless of how they
mar it

Whenever the demand of labor for more
wages is heard some industrious man is
sure to rise up and say: "Let him earn
it" Well, he is thinking of some lazy
loafer who is taking advantage of the union
to do what many more respectable members
of society are doing, enjoy a living that they

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do not earn. The unions themselves are
on the way of attending to that man. But
when you consider the labor movement as
a whole, the man who undertakes to prove
that it does not earn more than it gets will
have a hard time. That the advantages of
machinery have gone to the few rather than
to the many, that small profits and quick
returns still bring enormous fortunes to
the few and small wages to the many, that
wages always go up after prices and fall
before them, that absentee ownership "rack
rents/' industry for dividends, and that
speculation mercilessly exploits it, are com-
monplace facts of our industrial life. Any
attempt to produce the figures is only an
estimate. Yet it means something that the
census should tell us that the average pro-
duction of wealth is $12 to $14 per day and
the average wage $1.38. Says Brooks:
'There is a general admission among wage
earners that they do gain in real and nom-
mal wages, but I have heard the best sta-
tistical authority known to me in the Uni-
ted States deny that relatively the masses
were getting anything Uke their fair share."
According to Hunter there are "no fewer
than ten million persons in actual poverty
in the United States." This does not mean
there is this number in distress. It does
mean that at least this number is much of
the time underfed, poorly clothed and im-
properly housed. Why? Because, "it can-
not be doubted that the mass of unskilled
workers in the North receive less than $450

per year."

• • •

It is in the name of Justice as well as of
humanity that the laboring man demands to
be relieved of the competition of woman
and child labor; it is in the name of justice
that he demands to be protected from the
dangers of accident and the diseases inci-
dent both to his occupation and his con-
ditions of housing. It means something
that the average life of the upper class in
England is 55 years and that of the work-
ing man only 29 years. It is in the name
of justice that labor demands a voice in
the determination of the terms and condi-
tions under which it works, for with the
present organization of industry if the right
of "collective bargaining" be withheld, la-

bor has absolutely no protection. Said a
Spring Valley miner in time of strike: "I
was brought here and urged to buy a home
for my family! I have half paid for it;
we have a grievance which they will not
arbitrate, but they tell me if I don't like the
work to leave it. I cannot leave without
sacrificing the savings of twelve years. They
tie me to this spot and then tell me to sub-
mit or get out" Without the fullest recog-
nition of the partnership of labor, without
recognizing its right to have something to
say about how the business shall be run,
justice cannot be done, we believe, and it
is the purpose of the living God that jus-
tice shall be done npon this earth.

Industrial peace is one of the ideals of
the labor movement, and it offers the
largest hope of its accomplishment. The
policy of trades unions is against strikes.
They cost too much. Labor stands for
peace. It has to pay the heaviest losses to
industrial war. The majority of the large
strikes of this coimtry have occurred be-
cause the employers refused arbitration,
which is the consistent policy of labor. The
anarchism of unorganized industry means
incessant strife. An industrial world or-
ganized on one side only, means massacre.
The realization of the ideals of the labor
movement means the absolute removal of
the causes and occasions of industrial war.
For the same reasons the world wide labor
movement is making decisively for inter-
national peace. It foots the larger share
of the bills of militarism. It pays the heav-
ier portion of the costs of war. Written in
its practical program as well as in its ideal
is the abolition of war of all kinds.

In the practical working out of its ideals
the labor movement is gradually creating the
ideal of the industrial state organized for
humanity. In no other quarter of our modem
life does such an ideal emerge above the
horizon. "Society," thimders Carlyle, "how
can you have Society without an idea of
Society?" The only idea of the organiza-
tion of society that is at all adequate for
modern industrial life is being worked out
in the labor movement Cries Ruskin : "We
make everything else in the factories of
England, but we have no idea of making

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men." This movement stands for the mak- making for us the practicable ideal of the
ing of men, and as it works out its ideals organization of society for the supreme
of brotheriux)d and justice and peace it is purpose, the making of humanity.

Sold Mexican Don A Railroad Station.

during

|H£ history of railroad building
and operation in Mexico is filled
with many incidents of interest-
ing nature. In the early days,
the construction of the Mexi-
can Central Railroad, writes a Mexico cor-
respondent of the St Louis Globe Demo-
crat, many Americans who for one reason
or another found it difficult to obtain posi-
tions of responsibility in the railway ser^
vice in the States sought employment on
)he new road.

It was a seething hot day in midsummer
that a shabbily dressed, tan colored yotmg
man appeared before the division super-
intendent of the Mexican Central at Chi-
huahua and asked to be given a place as
telegraph operator.

"How long have you been in Mexico?"
he asked.

"Six months," the man answered.

"Hablo Espailol?"

"Una poco," was the reply.

"There is a vacancy down at Jiminez,
near the end of the line," the official said.
"It pays 120 dobies per. Will you take it?"

"I'm on," the operator said.

The new operator arrived at Jiminez in
due time and was checked in by the trav-
eling auditor. .\ndy EDcson was the name
the new operator gave, but when ques-
tioned by the travelmg auditor he admitted
that it was assumed.

"You can't do anything crooked down
here," the traveling auditor said, in a
jocular way. "Your receipts will hardly
average ten pesos a day, and the remit-
tances must be made daily. I guess the
company will risk you."

THE VICTIM APPEARS.

One morning Elkson was busy unload-
ing some mining machinery at die station
when he noticed a big Mexican of the

ranchero type standing close by watching
him. With the man was a boy about sev-
enteen years old. Elkson spoke to them
pleasantly.

"Anything I can do for you?" he asked
the man in broken Spanish.

The Mexican shrugged his shoulders and
replied that he and his son had come down
from their hacienda, ten miles away, to
see the new business which the Americano
has started.

Elkson showed him through the build-
ing and took sonie pains to ^explain to the
interested visitors the manner in which
words and messages were transmitted by
telegraph. They took their departure, but
the boy came back early next day and
spent several hours hanging around the
station. His visits continued almost daily.
Elkson taught him the use of the telegraph
key so that he could send a few small
words. One day Elkson made the remark
that he was tired of the business and be-
lieved he would quit. Next morning the
boy's father came to the station and told
Elkson that he would like to talk business
with him.

"All right; go ahead," Elkson said.

"My son says you want to quit this busi-
ness ; I will buy it from you," the Mexican
ranchero said.

Elkson was quick to grasp the situation.

"You mean you want to buy this tele-
graph and agency business ?" he questioned.

"Si, scftor."

"The lowest price I can take is $10,000 for
the whole thing, building and all," Elkson
answered.

THE SALE IS MADE.

The deal was closed on the spot and the
$10,000 was to be paid over to Elkson the
next day.

The despatcher at Chihuahua began call-

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ing the Jiminez office on the evening fol-
lowing the transaction and all the answer
that he received was "M-I-I-I."

"Something wrong with Jz," he said to
the second trick m^n.

The necessity of receiving intelligent re-
sponse from Jiminez was very grave. No.
7, a through freight, had left the first sta-
tion below Jiminez, and unless it received
orders to take the siding at that place to
permit the passing of the southbound local
freight a collision was inevitable.

The collision occurred ten miles north of
Jiminez. The crews of both trains saved
their lives by jumping. After setting the
force to work clearing the track the super-
intendent rode down to Jiminez on a hand

car. To his surprise he found the waiting
room of the station fitted up as a living
apartment and it was being occupied by a
Mexican and his family.

"Welcome, Sefior, to my casa,'' said the
courteous Don as he bowed to the division
superintendent.

"Your home, the devil t" the railroad offi-
cial replied. "What are you doing with
this mess in here, and where is Elkson?"

"Sefior Elkson has left and I have bought
his business," the Mexican replied.

"Oho! So that accounts for the trouble
we have been having," answered the division
superintendent, half to himself, as the game
which Elkson had played dawned upon him.
Elkson made good his escape.

A Yarn Of The Lcx:omotive Driven

I HE old engineer sat in the seat
ahead of me. His traveling
companion was a stranger.
"I suppose you have had your
share of close shaves, along with other en-
gineers ?"

"I have, sir."

"Been in many sma$h-ups?"

"A full dozen, I guess."

"Any particular adventure that might be
called wonderful?"

"Why, yes, I did have one, but I didn't
think it any great shave myself; the boys,
though, cracked it up as something extra."

"Let's hear about it," said the stranger.

"Well, one day, about a year ago, I was
coming west with a fast express and was
running to make up lost time. Down here
about twenty miles two roads cross, as you
will see, and there are a lot of switches and
side tracks. I had just whistled for the
crossing and put on the brakes when the
coupling between the tender and the bag-
gage car broke "

"I see, I see," murmured the stranger.

"At the same moment something went
wrong with old No. 68, and I could not
shut off steam. She sprang away Hke a
flash, and as she struck the grotmd again
she landed in a meadow filled with stumps.

"She kept a straight course for about
forty rods, smashing the stumps every sec-

ond, and then leaped a ditch, struck the
rails of the B. & O. road, and after a wab-
ble or two settled down and ran for five
mUes."

"Amazing! Amazing!" said the stranger.

"Then at a crossing she left the rails,
entered a cornfield, and, bearing to the
right, ploughed her way across the country
until she came to our own road again. She
had a long jump to make over a marsh, but
she made it, struck the rails, and away she
went."

"You—don't— say— so !"

"I was now behind my train, and after
a run of two miles I got control of the en-
gine, ran up and coupled to the Pullman
car and went into the next station, pushing
the train ahead of me!"

"Great Scott ! and was no one hurt ?"

"Not a soul, and not a thing broken. The
superintendent played a mean trick on me,
though."

"How?" asked the stranger.

"Why, the farmer who owned the mea-
dow paid the company eighteen dollars for
the stumps I had knocked out for him,
while the cornfield man charged nine dol-
lars for damages. The superintendent
pocketed the balance."

"The scoundrel! And how much are you
paid a month?"

"Hundred and forty dollars."

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"Thafs for running on the road?" is an old friend of mine, and I'll see that

''Yes." you get the nine dollars on the stumpage

"And nothing for Ijring?" and a salary of three hundred a month as

"Not a cent." long as you live. It is such men as you

"That's an outrage. The superintendent who make a line ^pn\zx**~~S elected.

The Baby's Victory.

BY HENRY L. SABIN.

I HE west-bound "Atlantic Ex- strated under his breath. He repented hav-
press" was running toward ing come into one of the ordinary coaches,
Chicago^rattling over bridges, but, on the other hand, how otherwise was
roaring through cuts and dash- he to pursue his pet method of keeping
ing contemptuously past the small, unim- posted on all the workings of his depart-
portant stations. The afternoon was drab ment ? He argued that unless he sometimes
and dreary, the landscape traversed by the doffed his official privilege of private car
road never had great claims to attractive- and pass, and rode on a ticket, like every-
ness, and today the absence of contrasting body else, he could not gain the complete
light and shade completely stripped it of its knowledge which he was after. He was
even mediocre interest. A drizzly fog had thus brought into close contact with patrons
settled upon the world, cloaking with gray and employes, and if he was enabled to re-
the fields and woods and buildings and main incognito so much the better,
brushing the car windows with a provoking j^ ^^^^ ^^e indulgences of his hobby
*"*f, ;. . had its disadvantages also, and was now
With one exception the passengers were p^^^j^^ ^^e finishing polish on what he con-
dull and disgruntled. Nothing was to be ^j^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ disagreeable trip he
seen outside, and little mside. Even the ^^^^ y^^ ^^^„ ^^^^ ^^^ j.^^ g^^ ^^ ^^^
tram boy had subsided into gloomy despair, determined to stick it out. He had encoun-
recognizing the futility of trying to dispose ^..^^ a number of offending matters in
of his wares to such an unresponsive com- ^0^1^ management and manners, and he was
^^' headed homeward with his notebook full of
The only trace of animation in evidence memoranda which boded ill for his subal-
adown the aisle of the whole train was ^^^^^
found in the coach behind the smoker.

Here a baby lustily protested against good- ^^ ^^^ Chicago office the force of clerks

ness knows what, and here a group of ^^^ waiting in fear and trembling the ar-

sympathizing kin endeavored to comfort ""^^^^ °^ ^^^ executive. From a single curt,

him. Certainly he could not rightly com- decisive message addressed to the chief

plain of neglect. He was being regaled ^^^^^ *" apprehended that trouble was in

with attentions the most solicitous, and ^^°^^ ^^^ somebody. Whenever the general

especially from his custodian— a girl of superintendent came back cross and ner-

fifteen, who patted him and danced him ^°"* ^'^ immediate subjects paid the pen-

and tempted him with an endless variety of ^^^^ ^^^ ^'"^^ present

distractions. But her wiles were in vain. Superintendent Kilroy gazed on the

He refused to be turned aside from the baby as on an intolerable nuisance. He

shrill recital of his woes, real or imaginary, made a resolve that he would propose to

Occupying a double seat opposite, Horace the management of the system the introduc-

Kilroy, general superintendent of the west- tion, as an experiment, of a special coach,

em division of the road, fumed and remon- noise-proof, for the conveyance of babies

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and party. No doubt the traveling public
would hail this as a blessed innovation.

Perhaps he would favor the prohibiting
the carrying of children without an adult
escort. Here was a case in point across the
aisle. Reclining half at length in his cor-
ner, from beneath his hat tipped over his
eyes he wnthfully scrutinized the "case."
Five children unattended— one a baby, and
the eldest one a mere chit— outrageous.
Had a mother or other mature person
been with them of course that baby would
not be acting so; it would be quiet some-
how. The superintendent possessed vague
ideas concerning babies, he being a bache-
lor.

The little family obtruded itself upon the
superintendent's observation rather more
than he desired. He could shut it out from
neither sight nor hearing. The fact was
very irritating. He was of the opinion that
at least two of the children badly needed
washing. Yet conscientiously he could not
blame the busy young body in charge.

She herself was disheveled, but was
doing her best. She had a worried, moth-
erly way about her that was quite at vari-
ance with the two slender flaxen braids
hanging down her back. Her face was
round and pink, and her eyes were a clear
gray-blue. She wore a plain, sober-colored
frock, with none of those pretty ribbons and
dainty tucks so dear to the heart of any
girl. However, she bore an air of neatness,
as much neatness as was compatible with
the intimate supervision of four active
juniors — ^a miss of eight, a miss of six, a
rogue of three, and a regular rascal assur-
edly, no more than ten months. With
these to right and to left and in front, and a
huge telescope bag threatening her from the
rack above — ^ah, what a plight, even were
not the baby crying incessantly?

Imbued with the firm conviction that not
only infants, but all children, should be re-
stricted to that car which he had in project,
finally the superintendent desperately ap-
pealed to what few winks he simply must
have despite the undiminished shrieks. He
had just succeeded in skirting the threshold
of Nod when a light touch on hb hand
lying on the cushioned seat disturbed him
again. He opened his eyes and saw one of

the smaller of his neighbors standing at his
knee, and looking with awe at his kid
gloves. He impatiently drew in his hand
(the bo/s hands were sticky), and his vis-
itor retreated, alarmed.

"Ah I Ah! A-a-a-ah!" the baby was
shouting.

The superintendent, now wide awake,
knew that sleep would not approach him
again with these conditions prevailing. He
had lost his opportunity, and he grumbled
and kicked his feet with impotent wrath.

Although one after another of her band,
with the exception of the infant, was con-
stantly at the ice water tank, and each time
brought back, as in duty bound, the tin cup
for her use, it was a question whether the
head of the flock derived much benefit from
these efforts. The passage of the cup was
hazardous with so many lurches and other
disastrous experiences! Besides, she divi-
ded with the baby. At last she could no
longer resist thirst aggravated from time
to time by a few drops, and she ventured
an expedition on her own account

Ostensibly the baby was left in the care
of the three remaining children, but in re-
ality, owing to the fact that this trio at once
shyly followed the leader up the aisle, he
was abandoned to his fate. Promptly he
rolled off the seat, into the aisle, and almost
under the dismayed superintendent. There
was nothing else to do^the superintendent
stooped and gingerly rescued him. The
baby's cries had been interrupted by the
accident, and they did not now recommence.
He stared blankly at his preserver. Each
was afraid of the other.

The state of mental apprehension was
relieved by the flurried reappearance of
the youthful nurse. With a flushed coun-
tenance she hastened to lighten the super-
intendent of the burden lying so awk-
wardly in his arms. To her overtures the
baby responded with an energetic scream
of objection.

"Sh-sh-sh!" said the girl. "Come, now."

"It seems to prefer me, doesn't it?" hus-
kily admitted the superintendent, set back
by the change of programme. The baby,
clinging to him with astonishing strength,
was quiet once more.

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"Yes, sir," replied the girl, with embar-
rassed shyness.

"Perhaps I'd better keep it awhile, if
that will stop its crying. Maybe it will go
to sleep," he suggested, seizing on a pos-
sible reprieve for himself and his suffering
neighbor.

"I don't know, sir," answered the girl,
doubtfully.

"Well, we'll see," he continued looking
down at the small being on his lap. "Am
I holding it right?"

"Yes, sir; he doesn't mind having his
legs twisted a little," assured the girl.
"When he goes to sleep you can lay him
down. But I think I ought to take him."

"No, indeed," interposed the superin-
tendent, in memory hearing those appalling
sounds renewed.

He sat there stiffly, bolt upright, not dar-
ing to move, the baby clasped in his arms,
and he felt very silly. This was the first
baby that he ever had handled, and he was
over forty. On his part the baby was peer-
ing up^with all his might, but his eyes were
becoming drowsy.

"You can sit here if you like, where you
can watch," said the superintendent to the
girl, indicating the seat facing him. "You
don't mind riding backward?" he added,
politely.

"Oh, no, sir," she declared; and she slip-
ped in. The other three children, who had
formed a wondering audience, crowded and
clamored after her.

"Where are you going?" inquired the
superintendent.

"Fargo, in Dakota," she replied, her
manner not yet free from timidity.

"We've lost all our money," vouchsafed
Miss Eight-year-old, frankly.

"That's too bad! How did it happen?"
asked the superintendent

"I don't know, sir," said the older girl.
"Only after we got on this train I found
I didn't have any more."

"And what will you do?" pursued the
superintendent.

"Our tickets take us to Chicago, and
when we get there I'll telegraph papa," she
returned proudly.

"And Where's papa?" peristed the super-
intendent.

"Why, he's in Dakota, on a farm, and
he's to meet us in Fargo."

"But I'm afraid you can't telegraph to
Fargo without money to pay for the mes-
sage ; and, besides, how is he to know
there's a telegram for him?" excepted the
superintendent.

"Oh!" exclaimed the girl, puzzled for a
moment, but nevertheless tmdaunted.

"Papa'll send us money," trustfully af-
firmed Miss Eight-year-old, squirming
against the superintendent's knees.

"Be careful, Hilda, you'll wake baby!"
admonished the girl. "I guess you can lay
him down now, sir, if you do it gently.
He's asleep, I think."

The superintendent cautiously obeyed the
recommendation. The operation was con-
ducted to a successful completion and the
thoroughly subdued infant slumbered peace-
fully on the crimson cushion. Mr. Kilroy
was more at ease immediately. Neverthe-
less, with a baby on the same seat, a child
at his knee, two others wriggling at the
window at his elbow, and a girl, who really
was only a child, as his vis-a-vis, his posi-
tion continued to be most extraordinary —
for him. And yet, strange to say, he found
that his ill-humor was fast vanishing.

"So this is Hilda?" he asked, 'Then
what is your name?"

**Louise— Louise Swansson. And that is
Gusta, and that is John, and the baby is
Peter."

"Mamma's dead," announced Hilda, in a
matter-of-fact way.

"Yes," explained Louise, with growing
assurance in her new acquaintance. "We
lived in Byport, Pennsylvania, and papa
went out to Dakota over a year ago, and
when mamma died he sent for us to come
to him; he was counting on having us all
as soon as he got settled." Louise's eyes
filled with tears.

"Well, well, that's a long journey— and
just you in charge!" ejaculated the super-
intendent

"Say— I like you 1" stated Hilda, candidly
thrusting her hand into his.

This frank avowal rather startled the
superintendent, who was not used to such
overtures. "Thank you," he answered re-
servedly, not wishing to court further ad-
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vances from the susceptible but grimy
young lady.

Futile was his dodging. In an instant,
without warning came an attack from an-
other quarter. Master John it was who un-
ceremoniously plumped down upon his lap
and affectionately embraced him.

"Oh, Johnnie, don't!" pleaded Louise,
horrified at the audacity.

"Never mind; let him stay," spoke the
superintendent, bravely.

Johnnie stayed to be joined within a mo-
ment by Gusta, equally as ambitious.

Said the grinning brakeman, who long
ago had recognized the official, but had pre-
tended ignorance, to the conductor, who
also was in the secret, "Look at the 'old
man' will you ! Regular happy family, isn't
he ! Somebody ought to take a photograph
of him!"

Could the superintendent's many friends
and associates, business and social, have
seen him thus engaged when the train pull-
ed into Chicago they would have gazed
agape, thimderstruck, nearly incredulous.
And the sight of this same superintendent
conveying those children into the station
would have clapped the climax!

"Tou're to stay here, remember, until
five o'clock," he instructed, when Louise
and her youngsters and bag and all had
been safely ensconced upon a seat in the
waiting-room. "One of the men in red
caps will tell you when your train is ready
—and I'll see to it that tbey take you to
Fargo."

"Do you own all the railroads?" asked
Hilda, admiringly.

"Not quite, Hilda," he replied. "Good-
bye!"

On his way to the door he beckoned to
a station attendant. "George," he directed,
"you see those children over there — four
and a baby. Look after them, will you
please? They're friends of mine— going to
Fargo, and I'll depend on you to put them
aboard the five o'clock L. & D. And,
George," handing him a dollar, "you might
get some sandwiches and oranges and other
truck. They've lost their money. Children
always want to eat, I believe."

"Yes, sir; I'll look after them. Mr. Kil-
roy, sure," asserted the man.

With this the superintendent hurried to
the curb, sprang into a cab, and was whirl-
ed off to his office.

All the day the atmosphere throughout
his suite had been depressing, for it was
suspected that he was returning m a tem-
per which meant a general and brusque up-
heaval. No clerk, however, humble, but
feared that the first victim of displeasure
might be himself. The superintendent's
heel's striking sharply along the floor of
the corridor were heard in the outer of-
fice, and by that subtle species of wireless
telegraphy termed "intuition" the word was
passed from desk to desk, "The 'M man'
is coming!"

He opened the door— and he was whis-
tling! Actually whistling! As he strode
through his own private apartment he
whistled on! The clerks glanced at one
another in relieved surprise. A smile show-
ed here and there, and it seemed as if the
sun were shining again. Hardly had Mr.
Kilroy entered his sanctum ere he rang his
bell imperatively.

"Send in Johnson " he ordered.

Johnson, not entirely devoid of forebod-
ing, obeyed the summons.

"I want you to make out an application
—in the usual way-^to the L. & D. for
transportation to Fargo— charge to my ac-
count— for Louise Swansson and family.
S-w-a-n-s-s-o-n— got it? All right Go over
with it yourself and wait for the pass, and
take it down to the station and give it to
Miss Swansson. She's in the ladies' waiting-
room with three children and a baby. She's
to go out on the five-o'clock. A girl of fif-
teen, three other children and a baby— you
can't help find them. The chances are you'll
hear the baby before you reach the station."

The bewildered clerk had sense enough
left to smile at the concluding sarcasm of
his superior.

"Yes, sir; I'll go at once, sir," he stam-
mered.

"And— here. Johnson— you might give
the young lady this. Tell her it's for the
baby."

"I — I hope you had a pleasant trip, Mr.
Kilroy," he hazarded, boldly, as a test to
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know the worst— if there was a worst. Per-
haps the superintendent's urbanity was only
surface deep.

"Oh— quite pleasant; in fact, unusually
pleasant, thank you," averred the superin-
tendent unconcernedly. 'Things arc in
good shape. Now don't fail to get the

transportation to the station. Go right
away."

As the clerk made his exit, with him
through the open door drifted the welcome
sound of Superintendent Kilro/s whistle
—cheery, satisfied and reassuring. — Wom-
an's Home Companion,

When The Stars Grow Cold.

BY CHARLES W. STEVENSON.

|T last the computation was
made. The Professor sank back
in his arm-chair, happy, tired.
Around him, in the soft glow of
a student's lamp, shone, the implements of
his calling. A great globe stood nearby,
an exact reproduction on a raised surface
of the earth. On the table at which he sat
a miniature of the solar system revealed
the motion of the planets. On the walls
hung photographs of nebulae, the starry fire-
dust of future worlds. Maps of the con-
stellations added strange figures to the
view, the imaginary denizens of the vaulted
deep. For the Professor was an astron-
omer, and although the great telescope with
which he nightly scanned the stars was
many paces distant at the observatory of the
college, he loved to bring the heavens to
his home in symbol and picture.

On this night he had worked late. And
as he sank back and rested his head on the
soft lining of the great chair, the light sil-
vered his (lowing locks and tinted his ruddy
face, and, though old, gave him the appear-
ance of good health and fine mental vigor.
He sighed now to think that he had com-
pleted a step more in the great investigation
of the star Aldebaran. It was happy work.
He loved to think that he himself could
navigate this charted field of the skies with
as much freedom and certainty as any other
man in the world. Sixty years had gone,
and he felt himself yet young. Ah, yes, in
the mystery of space he was but the ephem-
era of an hour. The seconds were as
ages when he nightly contemplated the ma-
jesty unrolled to his yearning and apprecia-

tive eye. And now in the glow of the fire-
place, in the lateness of the night, he smiled.
Another step completed!

A sigh it was for the loss of that whidi
needed no other investigation. A smile it
was for the pleasure of knowing one more
secret of the universe. And a wrapt con-
tent that he could explore these visible man-
ifestations of the infinite God.

Was he weary on this night ? Something
gave his mind a sudden turn. Perhaps he
was very tired, for his mind swtmg from
the vastness of the infinity about him to the
face of a fair-haired child in the days of
the long ago. He breathed softly in the
silence of the room, and the fire sank to
glowing coals, and he did not move. The
face of the child, his litle daughter, who
had gone away thirty years before, came
before him. He reached out his hand to
take hers; and lo, though the stars in their
courses were calling to him, this little hand
held him, and he drew the child to his side
and stroked her hair and face. Then a
wave of passion swept over him — ^a wave
of love — and he felt his heart grow heavy
for all the joy of his knowledge. And as
he became conscious of this sorrow, which
struck to his heart like a chill of the night
without, he heard her voice, and the old
content came back and the old smile hover-
ed on his benign features.

"Papa,*" said the little one, "I have come
to love you. You are tired and lonely to-
night, and I have come to drive away these
thoughts of worlds and suns. You must
hold my hand and we will talk of mother.''

The Professor pressed the tin^ hand and

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bent to kiss the piquant face, and a tear fell
upon his cheek.

"But in all these years, Mabel, you have
not found her. Wandering from world to
world, and heaven to heaven, you have not
found her. Space holds her not. But
somewhere she who so forgot us both must
expiate her sin."

"Yes, I have searched the heavens for
her and she is not there." But do you know
that I may be unable to find her because we
do not love her enough. Love leads us al-
ways, dear father. When all have laid off
the flesh, as I have, and become one of the
spirits, who know not time, then love alone
can lead us. If you were to forgive her to-
night, dearest, we might fly to her, who can
tell! Will you not forgive and forget the
wrong? She is my own mother, for all she
foiled to love you as she should, and went
back to her old home feeling that you had
estranged her. It was all because of this
work of yours. Let it be tonight all for-
gotten and forgiven, for she was as true to
you, my father, as the angels are to God."

The professor did not think it strange
that a little child of ten should talk to him
thus with the wisdom of a sage. He did not
think that she had passed out of his sight
at this age into the beyond.

It was as if she had come in from her
sleeping to grasp his hand and talk in the
night. In her simple, pure face he saw the
sweetest love of all his long life, and he
forgot that it w^s but a memory that he
treasured. It was all real. He grasped the
hand, he heard the voice, and yet he knew
that the child was a spirit from another
world.

And now when, after so many years, she
was come out of that mysterious silence
which had fallen upon her, come in her own
childish beauty and perfectness to plead for
the estranged mother, it melted his heart
and he wept silently above the hand that
lingered in his. Oh, what was all else,
compared to this love of wife and child?
Of course he would forgive!

"Child, child, in my heart of hearts, it has
all been forgiven long ago. If you could
lead me to her because of my love, oh, my
precious one, we should And her this night."

Softly the professor felt himself borne

away from the world in which all his labors
had been expended. The observatory seem-
ed to fade as if he had but a glimpse of the
huge dome in passing. And ere he was
aware of what was happening, he felt that
unmistakable damp of the darkness, which
comes from great heights, and he knew that
he was flying through space with inconceiv-
able rapidity. And now a rolce he recog-
nized as that of the child said:

"Be not afraid. We shall find her now,
my father, if in the material universe her
soul has habitation. For it is given to those
who love to explore these stellar depths and
search all worlds, and to find those who are
gone before. And behold we pass now
from the solar system out into the fields of
the Infinite."

Silently, swiftly, they sped through bil-
lowy darkness lighted alone by a figure
which preceded them, flying with untiring
wings through immeasurable heights. The
angel guide spoke no word, and ever kept
a place in advance, while the parent and
daughter following, the professor knew not
how, were lifted and drawn after with un-
ceasing motion. Now in the alternate light
and dark they sped on their quest, and sun
after sun blazed and fell into nothingness
behind them. Often, as they rose with
dizzying flight, they heard a music so in-
effable that their souls melted into sadness
and awe, for they knew that the music even
of the spheres brought them not to the love
of their lives. The professor found himself
speculating upon the size and beauty of the
familiar stars he had so long sighted
through the telescope. And often, as they
passed some bright world, the angel guide
faltered a moment in flight, that they might
near the orb and look upon those who dwelt
upon it. And yet never, amid the mystic
worlds they thus encountered, did they once
glimpse the face that was dearer to them
than the universe of God, the face of the
wife and mother. Still the flight continued.
From rushing darkness to darkness they
soared and sped. From lighted universe,
that hung precipitous upon the edges of
farthest space, to lighted universe that
dawned from yet farther confines, they
passed noiselessly, and with the quickness

of a thought /^ T

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Sometiines, when they hesitated, poised
a moment over some happy star, they saw,
moving musically as the sounding of a lute,
the hosts of the redeemed, who inhabited
the worlds yet to come upon the vision of
earthbound man. And as they did so the
professor felt his soul glow with pride, for
it was by his studies that the first idea of
these inhabited zones had come to the mind
of man. He alone could give to the imag-
ination its wings. He alone could show,
through his proof of the constitution of the
heavenly bodies, the majesty of that God of
All, the hem of whose garment only the
most devout has yet touched in the depth of
his simplicity. Thus, universe after uni-
verse rose, like the faint dawn upon the
sea, rose and changed, until out of the center
of its light a sun or system flamed, and
then behind them set, like the fading of a
sunset upon the plains of earth. And still
the flight continued, and the child spoke re-
assuringly :

"Be not afraid, my father, the angel who
precedes us is the angel of love and we shall
not be led astray. There are yet infmities
of which you have not dreamed, the journey
has but begun."

And the father trembled, but could not
find it in his heart to wish the voyage
should be turned backward to the realms
from which they came.

The intervals of darkness grew longer.
The flaming of circling stars grew more
dim as they passed from universe to uni-
verse. And, at last, they began to feel the
rushing of invisible orbs as they rose in in-
creasing spirals to vaster heights. It was
now they became conscious that the dark-
ness was filled with dead and dying worlds.
Ever and anon, as they pursued their un-
ceasing flight, the distances before and be-
hind seemed to crackle and roar with thun-
der that shook the distant nebulae, that,
swaying and eddying in their undying mo-
tion, receded before them. Ever and anon
they saw, plunging sheer down into un-
plumbed abysses below, the worlds that
were burned out, like the coal that dies and
falls from the grate of home. Still they
went on, and the light of the wings of the
angel of love was often the only light that
disclosed their way through distances that

were unspeakable, and over worlds and sys-
tems that were endless as sublime. But
they stayed not, and the heart of the pro-
fessor grew sick at the vastness of that
which he had thought so close to the knowl-
edge which was his boast and pride.

"Courage," whispered the child; "we
shall find her."

But now as they pursued their way, the
angel guide lifted a trumpet toward the ce-
lestial spaces above, and through the crash
of dying worlds and the diapason of wheel-
ing systems the man heard a voice saying:

"Behold, I am the angel of love, who
leads the way. When the stars grow cold
still shall I remain poised above the wreck
of worlds. For the heavens shall be rolled
up like a scroll. The first shall be last, and
the last first. The child and the father shall
be as one in the sight of God. And there
shall be none to mourn, for the spirit endur-
eth forever and forever. Boast not, all
ye who have believed in the science that
grasped at the material. The worlds about
us are dying and dead. But I endure ! And
those who follow me shall live, after the
suns have ceased to shine and the stars are
no more."

And then, onward they went, forever fly-
ing through these dumb distances, forever
sweeping close to celestial homes, forever
living in awe of the majesty about them, but
never finding the face of the loved one,
never hearing the cry of the soul that was
more than living worlds and blazing sys-
tems. '

The father's heart grew sick. The mind
of the professor staggered under its load.
But the child, following with patience that
wearied not, smiled with joy.

"Take me back," cried the astronomer.
"Take me back ; we shall not find her. The
way is too long. We shall perish ere we
meet her, for she must live in that heaven
of heavens, where the good who have suf-
fered and died for their love have their
home. Take me back!"

And then it seemed that for a moment
they stood poised in flight; and then, soft-
ly, without moving of pinion, sank through
infinite depths without sun or star.

Once more the professor sat in his study
chair; once more, with that curious feeling
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that the unreal was real, he grasped the
hand of his little girl.

"We have not found her, Mabel, my child,
my love," he murmured ; "in all the confines
of the infinite about us we have not found
her. For my heart is purged of its cen-
sure. I would bow my head to kiss her
feet, my child. And you must be to me all
that she could wish. For you are our child.
And she whom I have ever loved save for
my stubborn pride is your mother. Say
that you forgive me, Mabel."

"Listen, rather, dear; we have not found
her in those cold realms where the mind
alone roams. We have not found her where
these material worlds flame and fade in
never-ending progression. She is not there.
What would my mother be doing there
when all she loves is here? Let us be sure
that the angel of love could guide us to her
were we but to ask in that lowly spirit

which appeab to her. Yes, I forgive you.
I have searched the sterile wastes of star-
worlds and found her not But she will yet
come to us. Let us but ask this angel of
love, who endures forever, to guide us.
Oh, my father, have you not learned what
it is to believe and trust? What we know
can never give us what the soul desires.
Let us not forget that the heart alone can
give us joy."

And even as the child spoke the room
became filled with a new radiance, and they
looked in the face of the angel of love that
had led them, and behold, it was the face
of the mother and wife.

Slowly the professor rose from his chair.
Was it a dream ? Or had his waking mmd
probed the depth of a soul's mystery? He
did not know. But on his face a sweet smile
shone. And he was happier than he had
ever been.— 5"/. Louis Clobe^Detnocrat,

The Russian Cigarettes.

|HE visit of Prince Sergius Men-
dele jeff to these shores is still
a matter of recent history; to
most people but a proof of the
safety enjoyed by all nations, without dis-
crimination, under the shadow of the
British flag ; to myself and a few others an
anxious nightmare in which we prevented
as if by a miracle the attacks of the nihil-
ists on the august person of his imperial
highness.

On the afternoon of April 25 I sat in my
chambers putting the final touches to a
draft of the route which was to be taken by
the royal visitor. The prince was to arrive
at Portsmouth in his yacht in the early
morning of the 26th, to land incognito, and
to entrain at once in the "special" that
would be awaiting to convey him to Lon-
doa On the journey the train was to halt
at Grayford, a small rural station, for an
hour, while the prince breakfasted in the
open air, this being his usual custom while
traveling in Russia. He was then to pro-
ceed to Waterloo, being met there by sev-
eral members of the English royal family.

Such was the program arranged by the
foreign office, and I was the official in-
trusted with the supervision of the ar-
rangements and held responsible for Prince
Sergius' safety, a post that promised to be
little of a sinecure.

I had finished annotating the draft, and
was stretching out my hand for a cigarette,
when the page entered and said that a lady
was waiting below and insisted on seeing
me.

In my capacity of chief in the secret ser-
vice I have many unconventional visitors,
but on this occasion I felt some annoyance,
for I was very busy.

"Can't she call again?" I began, when the
lady herself appeared in the doorway and
dissipated the text of my remonstrance."

She was a stylish, well-dressed girl of
19, with clustering curls of dark brown
hair peeping out from beneath her picture
hat, and radiant violet eyes, which looked
pleadingly towards me.

My chagrin vanished with the pathetic
little smile on her face, and I found myself

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shutting the door and placing a chair for imperial highness with the drcum^tect

the fair stranger. watch that the detectives and I will keep

She sat down and played nervously with <>ver him."

her gold muff-chain while mustering up "Thank you, thank you, a thousand

courage to speak. "You will forgive me times," she said, gracefully. 'That is just

for interrupting you, sir, when I tell you what I wanted."

that my errand is very closely connected "The obligation is on our side," I ans-

with the safety of his imperial highness, wered, smiling, as I ushered her to the

Prince Sergius Mendelejeff," she Said, door,

after a few minutes hid elapsed. j ^^^^ watching her drive off in her

It is part of my profession not to betray smart little victoria, and then began to

surprise at anything. I, therefore, remained laugh at myself for the sentimental day-

outwardly calm before my desk and nodded dreams that ware weaving in my matter-of-

my head. fact brain.

"Indeed," I remarked. But the laugh died out on my lips as I

"My name is Muriel Clough — ^you know considered the serious news that Miss

Capt. Clough, I suppose?" she continued. Clough had brought me. Her impressions

"The officer who has been appointed to of princess Olga Skobensky closely tallied

the prince's suite during his visit to £ng- with my own experience, as I knew that

land?" for years the princess had been the terror

I signified my assent. and bugbear of the Russian police.

"He is my step-brother. It is for his I knew the princess in society, and a

sake that I have come here today — for his sudden idea came into my mind that I

sake and that of the family honor. I would call on her and see as much as pos-

know nothing definite, you understand, but sible how the land lay.

I fear the danger all the more for its ob- I found her in her blue and silver bou-

scurity. doir smoking Russian cigarettes. She was

"He has fallen under the spell of Prin- surprised, and I fancied for a moment
cess Olga Skobensky, a nihilist refugee in alarmed, at my entrance.
London, who is as beautiful as she is cruel "This is an unexpected pleasure, Sir
and unscrupulous. My brother is merely George," she said, smiling; "you have not
wax in her hands, and from certain hints been to see me for ages."
that he has let fall I feel convinced that she "Business, my dear princess, business," 1
is urging him to attempt, or, at all events, responded, taking the cup of coffee that
connive at, the murder of Prince Sergius she had poured out for me. "I am worked
during his visit to England, a crime for to death on account of your compatriot's
which his appointment offers such fatal visit I only hope that you nihilists will re-
facilities. Oh« sir — " frain from troubling the poor chap while

She rose from her chair and stretched he is over here."

out her hands appealingly. The princess arched her dark eybrows

"I beseech you to frustrate the princess' in well-affected surprise,

schemes, and to save Rupert from the con- "Nihilists!" she repeated. "Oh, I am

sequences of his fatal fascination." only nihilist so far as it furnishes a fash-

"You may rest assured that I shall do ionable excuse for my living in England,

my best, Miss Clough, both for the prince's You know quite well that I would not be

sake and your own," I replied. "It would the means of harming a prince of my own

be dangerous to have your brother removed nation."

from the position to which he was gazetted I thought this pretty grand of a woman

last night. Such a step would probably who had stabbed with her own hand the

precipitate some horrible outrage on the chief of the Ninth Section in her palace at

part of the nihilists. I think I may promise St. Petersburg. However, I only smiled

though, wkhout boasting, that Capt Clough and took out my cigarette case,

will have little opportunity for injuring his "Won't you try some of these? I got

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them from' Moscow this morning," inter-
rupted the princess, handing me her own
case.

I took a gold-tipped cirgarette and
lighted it. It proved a delicious smoke.

"You like them?'' said she, watching me
intently.
"They arc fit for the gods, princess."
"Give me your case and I will fill it for
you.**

I handed oyer my silver case and sub-
mitted myself to her generosity

"Where is your gold case?" she asked,
when the other was filled. "The one you
keep for grand occasions."

"No, no, princess, you have been quite
liberal enough," I replied.

"Not at all," she said. "You may have
the chance of presenting it to the prince,
and I am sure he would appreciate these
cigarettes."

And ^ while I drank some more coffee she
filled the gold case also. We chatted on
indifferent topics for some time and then
I took my leave, having just said enough
to Princess Olga to show that I was on my
guard against her.

After leaving Princess 01ga*s house I
had just time for dinner and to take a
hansom to Waterloo. Here I joined the
company who were to proceed by special
train to meet Prince Sergius. They in-
cluded the Russian ambassador, with sev-
eral of his attaches, fifteen detectives and
officials of the secret service, and several
English officers, among whom was Capt
Rupert Clough.

During our journey down I took an op-
portunity of rallying Clough on his evi-
dently low spirits.

"My word, Fraser," he replied, bitterly,
"I have enough to make me miserable. I
see no alternative between crime and dis-
honor and blowing my brains out The
latter appears the more enviable course to
pursue."

He gave a hollow laugh and stared
moodily out of the window of the saloon.

"Come, come," I said, "don't let yourself

get into this morbid state of mind. If you

tell me your troubles perhaps I can see a

way out of them."

But he only shook his head, so I smoked

on in silence until our arrival at Ports-
mouth.

Prince Sergius Mendelejeff landed at the
pier at 6:30 on the following morning,
where we were waiting to receive him.

His imperial highness is of middle
height, dark complexioned, with clear,
well-cut features, and a heavy black beard
and mustache. On this occasion he wore
a blue undress uniform,^ and seemtd much
pleased with his informal reception. I was
included in the presentations that were
made to him, and had the honor of lead-
ing the way to the "special," which began
to move from the platform as soon as the
last of the party had entered the train.
The railway arrangements were perfectly
carried out, and we reached our one stop-
ping place without a hitch. Grayford is
very picturesque; the little platform, with
its wooden shed, is one of the most un-
assuming of rural stations, and the stolid
villagers betrayed no inquisitive interest
in the arrival of the royal train. Lord Sel-
ven's park is just opposite the railway sta-
tion; here, under the spreading oak trees,
his lordship's servants had prepared a
sumptuous breakfast for the prince and
company, to which we all did justice, with
appetites whetted by the fresh morning air.
When the prince had finished eating the
company rose and. dispersing into groups,
strolled about on the green sward, chatting
gayly.

I was speaking to Capt. Clough whea
Prince Sergius, accompanied by the Rus-
sian ambassador, approached us. "Talk
without smoke, gentlemen, is like a service
without music— unsatisfactory," he re-
marked. "Will you have a cigarette?"

He opened his case to hand it to me, and
then burst out laughing. It was empty.

"I could have sworn Paul filled it for me
this morning; however, I must be am-
stemious for a little," he said.

Immediately the ambassador and I pre-
sented our cases.

His imperial highness chose a cigarette
from each. "I will smoke the ambassador's
first, and then yours, Sir George;" and
nodding his thanks he sauntered off with
his companion.
"Have a cigarette, and act up to the

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prince's maxim/' said Clough. I helped
myself from his case, and reciprocated by
giving him one from the gold case that
Princess Olga had filled for me.

We walked along in silence for a few
minutes, when Gougfa suddenly surprised
me by saying: '1 have noticed the careful
watch that you and the detectives have
kept on my movements ever since the
prince landed, and have drawn my own
conclusions as to what you know or guess.
You need not be afraid of me, though,
Ffaser ; I told Olga yesterday that I refused
to be a party to assassination; she wanted
me to offer cigarettes, containing a power-
ful explosive, to the prince."

Fortunately a small stream runs through
Lord Selven's grounds. Without stopping
to explain, I snatched the half-smoked ci-
garette from Qough's mouth and flung it
into the water. Then I tore off to where
I had left the prince, cursing my folly as
I ran.

Until Qough's speech, the bare possi-
bility of such an atrocious and cowardly
method of assassination had never occurred
to me. Now, I did not doubt that the ci-
garettes in my gold case (as was after-
wards proved) either contained an explo-
sive substance calculated to cause instant
death to the smoker as soon as the burn-
ing ash touched it. Princess Olga's cun-
ning in placing harmless cigarettes in my
silver case, well knowing that I would
smoke these first, had duped me completely,
and her plot would have been only too suc-
cessful if Capt. Qough had not been in-
duced to confess to me the secret under
which he labored.

I shall never forget that two minutes'
race along the turf of Selven park. The
life of Prince Sergius and the honor of
Great Britain depended on my speed, while
a sickening horror clutched at my heart

telling me that, perhaps, I was already too
late; at that moment the prince might be
lying dead under the oak trees, killed, un-
wittingly, by the hand of him who had
been appointed his guardian and protector.

How that fiend of a woman must have
chuckled when she made me the uncon-
scious instrument of her wicked design.

These thoughts lent wings to my feet,
and I arrived, panting and breathless, be-
fore his imperial highness just as he was
putting a match to the paper tube of death.

"Stop, your highness, stop !" I cried, and,
relieved at the prevention of the catastro-
phe, I stammered out an explanation of my
seeming impertinence.

"You came just in time, Sir George," re-
marked Prince Sergius, patting me affec-
tionately on the back as I concluded. "An-
other three minutes and I should have
smoked Princess Olga's cigarette.

Both the Russian and the English secret
service authorities maintain a discreet si-
lence as to the whereabouts of the beau-
ful Olga Skobensky. I have heard of a
story which tells of a nihilist princess be-
ing immured at Gronstadt, who was made
every day to smoke from a box containing
99 ordinary cigarettes and one that she had
placed, on a former occasion, in my gold
case. A day came on which she chose this
particular cigarette, and the memory of the
chief of the Ninth section was avenged.
Instead ot being blamed for my impru-
dence I was rewarded far beyond my de-
serts. Prince Sergius gave me the Ortfer
of St. Andrew and Capt. Qough a 'greater
gift still.

For his sister Muriel, after thanking me
for rescuing her brother, consented to be
my wife. Need I say more to tell you of
my happiness ?^ri/*5i/^.

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Pete s Bride.

gOSALIND stood laughing and
chatting with an old schoohnate
she had run across in the wait-
ing room, while her husband
was seeing about their baggage. Presently,
a little old lady came in and sat down near
them. Her small, faded face wore a slight
flush, and every now and then a fleeting
smile would break across it. The dress she
wore was rusty but neat, and the occasion-
al furtive glance she bestowed upon it was
a bit apprehensive, though her eyes were
sparkling with anticipation.

"Dear me, I— I beUeve Fve lost it!" She
started and looked about her in a half-
frightened way.

As her friend was just then boarding the
train, Rosalind turned to the old lady with
a quick smile. "Can I help you in any
way?" she asked.

"I don't know," she said, flushing and
trembling with sudden awkwardness, "if
you've got one of those — ^time tables I think
it is"—

"Certainly I have. Which road?"

The little woman flushed again, more
deeply. "I couldn't tell you to save my life,"
she replied, an anxious look springing to
her eyes. There was a wistful, half-appeal-
ing expression upon her face as she went
on, gazing timidly at the richly dressed
young woman before her : "Maybe, though,
you could tell me. I guess you've been
about a good bit Fm such a stay-at-home
myself'—-

"Were you going somewhere? Expecting
some one?" Rosalind interposed, kindly.

"My son and his wife are coming," she
answered with a touch of pride. "They
were married last week in New York. They
don't expect me here," she went on. "We
live a good piece out But I just thought
I'd give 'em a little surprise."

Rosalind opened her satchel, and selecting
a time table, ran her eyes rapidly through
the schedule list "The next train from
New Yoric," she said, "is due in about a
half-hour. There is one at 3 o'clock, one at
5 :dO, and another at 9 tonight."

"But he said he*d be here this morning,"
she said, paling a little.

"Then probably that 10:20 train is the
one. I don't think you need worry about
it"

"Thank you." The little old lady smiled
again, in sudden relief. "I don't go about
much you see," she explained, "and when
I do, I'm apt to get a bit muddled." She
cast an apologetic look into the young
woman's fresh, animated face, wondering
inwardly at the beauty of the furs that en-
veloped her slender, graceful neck. Then
she looked down at her own serge with the
flimsy, flapping capes and her lips twitched.
For the instant, a spasm of nervousness
possessed her. What if, after all, Pete's
bride should—object to her?

Rosalind stood for a moment longer, then
took a seat beside the little old lady. "May
I sit here ?" she asked. "I want you to tell
me about them — your son and his bride. I
should awfully love to hear," she rippled
on, a pretty flowering of roses in her
cheeks. "You sec — I am a bride myself."
Her inflection softened on the last sentence.

The genuineness of her manner drew the
little woman's eyes to her in a gleam of
gratitude. She lifted them flutteringly from
the hard, ungloved hands in her lap and let
them rest for a moment on Rosalind's face.
"There's not much I can tell you," she be-
gan in her thin, gentle voice, "except that
Pete's all I've got in the world; Pete and
his wife, it is — ^now," she corrected herself
quickly. "His father died when he was a
baby" — she paused to brush away an invol-
untary tear. "Since then it's been a strug-
gle for both of us— the boy and me. But
by pinching and scrimping here and there,
I've managed to put by enough to give him
his law education. He's got a good one
now, too, and with Pete's push, he'll be
sure to make his mark."

"And his wife?" Rosalind leaned toward
her suddenly, her breath coming in a rapid
little fashion between her parted red lips,
the color in her chedcs changing.

The other did not speak at once. She

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smiled, but felt that, in some way, her smile
was dull and awkward. Presently she said:
'That's what's troubling me some. I reckon
everythingfU be all right It's not likely
Pete would love anybody that wasn't— well,
good and sensible. But she's lived always
in a city, with everything she wanted and
all that, and" — she checked herself abruptly.
"What do you think?" she asked, eagerly.
Rosalind laid one of her slim, daintily-
gloved hands on the old lady's thin little
arm. "I think," she said, kindly, "that
everything will be all right, if she's a real
gentlewoman, and if she really loves her
husband."

"I'm glad to hear you say that," the other
remarked with a little burst of feeling, "for
she can't help loving my boy, I know, and"
this with a new shade of dignity, slipping
into her voice, "Pete wouldn't marry any-
body but a true lady." Two points of color
glowed for an instant in her faded cheeks
as she finished speaking. "Only," she com-
menced again, after a pause, "I'm not so
^sure she'd be exactly contented in a little
country town, with nothing livelier than
sewing bees and things like that occasion-
ally."

Rosalind laughed. "That ought to be just
darling !" she exclaimed. "After a ceaseless
round of cotillons and luncheons and bridge

parties — and things," she added, half to ser-
self.

"Do you think so, sure enough?"

"I do, indeed."

Rosalind, looking thoughtfully at the lit-
tle old lady, saw her eyes widen all at once,
then contract and widen again, while the
blood pulsed up to her withered cheeks.

"My boy !" She started up from her seat,
tears glittering between her eyelids, and
the next instant a stalwart form was hold-
ing the frail, shabby one close to his breast
and kissing away the tears of joy.

Rosalind sat still for one breathless sec-
ond; then she got up, too, and stood beside
them, an exhilarant red spot burning in
each cheek. Into her eyes had come a look
of unutterable relief. Thank God, there
had been no shrinking, no hesitation, no
wavering !

"Am I not to come in for a tiny share?"
she asked brightly, with the luminous smile
that belonged to her.

The little old lady turned suddenly, all
other expressions swallowed up in that of
blank astonishment. "You Rosalind!" she
cried, a great gladness breaking over her
face, "and here we've been talking for the
longest time, and neither of us dreaming" —

Rosalind interrupted her with a little rip-
pling laugh. "I knew it all along," she said.
— Nellie Cravey Gillmore.

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TRAEV RULES

1;^ KINDRED SUfidECTS

Send all ioquiriet to H. A. Dalby, Naugatack, Cooo.

Rules For Movement By Train Orders.

(Continued.)

(Old) Rule 206.— Regular trains will be
designated in train orders by their num-
bers, as "No. 10" or "2d No. 10/' adding
engine numbers if desired; extra trains by
engine numbers, as "Extra 798/' with the
direction when necessary, as "East" or
"West." Other numbers and time will be
stated in figures only.

(New) Rule 206.— Regular trains will
be designated in train orders by their num-
bers, as "No. 10" or **2d No. 10/' adding
engine numbers if desired. Extra trains
will be designated by engine numbers, and
the direction as "Extra 798 'East' or
"West.'" Other numbers and time will be
stated in figures only.

The chief difference between the old
and new rules of this number is that the
new one requires the direction of extras to
be mentioned in train orders while the old
form calls for it only "when necessary."
As it is the general custom to mention the
direction of an extra it seems perfectly
proper that the rule should require it in
every case.

There is probably considerable variation
on different roads in the requirements of
this rule. Many roads provide that the
number of the train be spelled out and du-
plicated in figures. The words, "First/*
"5>econd/' etc, to designate sections, are
sometimes required in place of figures,
sometimes in addition to the figures and
on some roads words are used without
figures. The latter ruling was made on a

certain road as the result of an accident
caused by the crew of a freight train mis-
taking "2d 6" for "No. 6" in a train order.
This practice seems a very good one as it
makes a marked difference between the
appearance of the section number and the
schedule number when only figures are
used for the latter.

There is at least one large syst where
the conductor's name is given in connection
with a train and this is in addition to en-
gine numbers as prescribed by the Stand-
ard Code. Many years ago, when train
dispatching was new, it was the common
practice to identify trains, especially extras
(often called "special," "irregular" or
"wild"), by the use of the conductor's
name, but the custom is now almost ex-
tinct It did very well when roads were
small and trains few, but on roads where
trafHc is heavy it is now entirely possible
that some conductors are not known to
others, especially as between passenger and
freight men.

With regard to stating time in train
orders, we believe the common practice is
to write it in words and duplicate it in
figures, although there is, perhaps, a grow-
ing sentiment in favor of the Standard
Code method, i. e., figures only. For so
important a matter, however, it seems wise
to use both words and figures, with the
possible exception of an order authorizing
an extra with a time at each station. It
is omitted, frequently, in orders of that
kind for the reason that the times are in a

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612 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

column and often on a printed form, so must be in the order of superiority of

there is little, if any, chance for mistake. trains, each office taking its proper address.

In this connection it is proper to mention When not sent simultaneously to all, the

the care that should be taken in writing order must be sent first to the superior

train orders. It is no place to make an train.

exhibit of fancy writing (for which some (New) Rule 208 (B). A train order to

operators seem to have a fondness) but, on be sent to two or more offices must be

the contrary, the first object should be to transmitted simuhancously to as many of

make every word perfectly plain. In them as practicable.

earlier times there was a tendency to insert ^he several addresses must be in the

some characters, such as brackets or paren- ^^^^^ ^^ superiority of trains and when

theses, on either side of figures, or to en- practicable must include the operator at the

close them m circles. These are entirely ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^

wrong and are very hable to be misleadmg. .^^ ^^^^^^

Nothing should appear on an order that is „„ , ,, ,

not essential to convey its true meaning. ^^^" "<^* ^^"* smiultaneously to all. the

Even punctuation should be used only ""'^^ "'"'^ ^ '^^ ^"* ^^ *^^ '"^"^'

when necessary to accomplish this object, ^^^' . , , , ^ ^ ,

and tiien very carefully to insure a perfect ^^P*^» Z^ ^^ ^^^^^ addressed to the ope-

miderstanding of tiie order. [^'^' ,?* ^^, °»^^\7« ">' ^^^l*^ P^*"^ "*"^*

^ , , be delivered to all trains affected until all

Operators should keep m mmd the con- ^^^^ ^^^.^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^

dmons under which orders are handled ^hese rules are quoted from the new

and read. They are wntten on tiim paper, ^^^ r^^^ ^,^ ^j^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^

crushed m the hand and thrust into the ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^

podcet, scanned by a dim light, possibly ^h^ „^^ ^^^ ^^^.^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^

amid ram or snow, and for these reasons ^^ ^^^^^j ^^ ^.^^^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^^

they should be written with good carbon .^^ditions may require. It will be seen

sheets and as plainly as they can be made. ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^ ^^

(New) Rule 207.— To transmit a train the "middle order" in making meeting

order, the signal "31" or the signal "19" points or in requiring a superior train to

followed by tiie direction must be given ^ait until a certam time for anotiier. The

to each office addressed, the number of middle order is the copy sent to the ope-

copies being stated, if more or less than rator at the station where tiie order is to

tiirec— tiius, "31 West copy 5," or '*19 East be executed, as provided for in tiie second

c<>Py2." part of Rule 208 (B), and he is

The old form of this rule omits the thereby directed to see that no mistake is

words, "followed by the direction." The njade by either train in carrying out its

rule is for the guidance of dispatchers and provisions.

operators, and the words just quoted are The idea of the middle order b not new.

for the information of the operator as to It came into existence with the first sys-

the direction of the train for which the tem of train dispatching and continued in

order is intended so that he may imme- use for many years. It was a vital part of

diately set his train order signal accord- those early systems which were founded on

ingly. the old "single order" as distinguished

On a road where only the 31 form is from the modem "double ordcr^ or "dupli-

used, this rule would, of course, be modi- cate order" system, which is described in

fied to suit that condition. Both forms are the two rules now under consideration. As

now used, however, on the majority of the duplicate order grew in favor and train

systems. order signals came into use it came to be

(New) Rule 208 (A). A train order to considered that sufficient safeguards were

be sent to two or more offices must be thrown about the handling of train orders

transmitted simultaneously to as many of and the middle order gradually fell into

them as practicable. The several addresses disuse. Another factor that influenced the

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513

change was the increase of traffic with a
corresponding increase in the work of both
the dispatcher and the operator who» in
many cases, was the only person in charge
of the station. These conditions made the
middle order burdensome and for many
years it was generally discarded. But con-
tinued increase in traffic has been the
means of restoring it to favor, this time by
the use of the 19 order. When this form
of order had become established on some
lines it was found that if the old middle
order were put into commission that the
19 form could be safely used for both
superior and inferior trains instead of only
the inferior, as had been the previous prac-
tice. Continued increase of traffic has been
responsible in the past few years for many
distressing accidents, and it has been
pointed out that in a large number of these
cases the use of the middle order would
have prevented the trouble. These con-
ditions have resulted in favorable consid-
eration for it, so much so that the new
Standard Code provides a rule expressly
authorizing the long discarded practice.
While the rule calls for it only "when
practicable'' yet it is a significant fact that
it appears in the Code now for the first
time. Although the Standard Code never
authorized it, it was retained for a time in
some books of rules and may, indeed, still
be in some. But as it was required only
"when practicable," it was generally con-
sidered that there was no time when it was
practicable. But we venture the assertion
that the middle order is now and will be
insisted upon more than it has been in a
number of years before.

The last paragraph of Rule 2(y8 (B) pre-
scribes the way in .which the middle order
is to be handled by the operator at the
meeting or waiting point. It states that
he must deliver copies to all trains aflFected
until all have arrived from one direction.
This principle is correct, but it should be
made more explicit It should be under-
stood that the train or trains should not
only have arrived but that they are clear of
the main track, if necessary, before the
operator is permitted to file away the order
he holds. The expected train or trains
may have arrived at the station and yet

safety demands that the operator still dis-
play his signal and hold his middle order
for delivery.

The rules do not prescribe whether the
19 or the 31 form shall be used, but as the
order is merely an additional safeguard,
having been sent to the trains concerned
in the regular way at other stations, it is
generally considered that the 19 form is
sufficient for the middle order.

(New) Rule 209.— Operators receiving
train orders must write them in manifold
during transmission, and if they cannot at
one writing make the requisite number of
copies must trace others from one of the
copies first made.

This rule is the same in both the old and
new Codes, bat the new contains the fol-
lowing: "Note to Rule 209.— If the type-
writer is used for copying train orders,
when additional copies are made, the order
must be repeated from such copies to the
train dispatcher and 'complete' given in the
usual manner." This is worthy of notice
for the reason that it is the first reference
in the Standard Code to the possible use
of the typewriter. It would seem to indi-
cate that the machine has found favor in
some quarters, notwithstanding the fact
that many have discouraged its use.

(New) Rule 210.— When a "31" train
order ha^ been transmitted, operators must
(unless Otherwise directed) repeat it at
once from the manifold copy in the suc-
cession in which the several offices have
been addressed, and then write the time of
repetition on the order. Each operator re-
ceiving the order should observe whether
the others repeat correctly.

Those to whom the order is addressed,
except enginemen, must then sign it, and
the operator will send their signatures pre-
ceded by the number of the order to the

, The response "complete," and the

time, with the initials of the , will

then be given by the train dispatcher. Each
operator receiving this response will then
write on each copy the word "complete,"
the time, and his last nftme in full, and
then deliver a copy to each person ad-
dressed, except enginemen. The copy for
each engineman must be delivered to him

personally by . ^ r-ir-irrl^

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Note to Rule 210.— The blanks in the
above rule may be filled by each road to
suit its own requirements. On roads where
the signature of the engineman is desired,
the words "except enginemen/' and the
last sentence in the second paragraph may
be omitted. If preferred, each person re-
ceiving an order may be required to read
it aloud to the operator.

This is taken from the revised Code, but
it is the same as the old form. Perhaps
some one will notice a difference between
this rule and the one under which he works.
On some roads the operator is required to
read the order to the conductor, who is re-
quired to read it to the engineman, or else
the process is reversed, the conductor read-
ing it to the operator and the engineman
to the conductor. This practice was form-
erly quite general and in some places was
strictly adhered to. It was found, how-
ever, that it did not always accomplish the
desired result Misunderstandings occurred
by reason of the man to whom it was read
depending too largely upon the reader and
the latter sometimes made mistakes. Some
officers came to the conclusion that it was
better to require each man to read it for
himself so as to get his own impression and
if one should misread it the error would
be discovered by the other. Doubtless
these diverging views led the makers of the
Standard Code to omit all mention of the
matter (except in the note) and leave it
to the road adopting the rule to supplement
it with such a provision if they see fit
Another provision which is found on almost
every road is that the conductor shall either
read or show all orders to his brakemen
and the engineman to his fireman, thus
making them partially responsible for the
safe movement of the train. When these
things are required they are in the interest
of the safety of the men as well as the
property in their care and it would seem
to be of the highest importance that what-
ever the rules may be that they be strictly
observed. They are not burdensome and
for one's own personal safety, if for noth-
ing else, each man should make it a point
to know the schedule or orders under
which his train is running.

The last paragraph of this rule pre-

scribes for the delivery of the order to the
engineman (provided he is not required to
sign it) and the blank is usually filled by
placing this duty upon the conductor.
There is perhaps some temptation to disre-
gard this rule at times, but we can only
urge that it, like all other rules, be obeyed
to the letter, even though it may be more
convenient to send the order to the engine-
man by the brakeman or some other em-
ploye. When trouble occurs there is always
a feelmg of satisfaction for the man who
is sure he has done just as the rules re-
quire and it is an unpleasant fact that many
accidents have resulted from disregard of
the safeguards prescribed by the rules.

1. — What arc the requirements on your
road under Rule 206 with regard to words
and figures? 2.— How is time expressed
in train orders ? 3.— Are conductors* names
used to further identify trains? How is
time expressed in "schedule" train orders,
by words and figures or only figures? 5. —
Do you have a special form of train order
blank for such orders with the names of
stations printed on them? 6. — How docs
your Rule 208 compare with the Standard
Code? Is it like (A) or (B)? 7.— Is the
middle order used, and to what extent?
8.— If used is it on the 19 or 31 form? 9. —
Do you receive any orders written with the
typewriter? 10.— If so, are they always
plain and satisfactory? 11. — What is the
practice with regard to reading the order
aloud? 12. — Do you think this is a good
plan? 13. — How about brakemen and fire-
men being required to see and read all
orders; is this the rule and practice? 14.
— ^Do both conductor and engineman sign
orders or only the conductor? 15. — If only
the conductor, who delivers it to the engine-
man? 16.— Is this rule always strictly ob-
served ?

IS THIS ORDER SUPERSEDED?

We have received a letter in reference to
Question 156, on page 321 of the April
JouitNAL from which we quote:

"You say that if I hold an order to run
extra from A to C and am stopped at B
and given an order to run from B to A
and return, that I can then use the* original
order to run from B to C. I claim that my
first order is no good wh«i-^you choose to
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516

be strictly proper. You say it has not been
superseded or annulled, but I think it has
been superseded by another order of a
higher number and that it is not proper for
further movement from B to C*

While our opinion as expressed in ans-
wer to Question 156 remains the same, it
is entirely possible that the rules of some
particular road are in accord with the un-
derstanding of the writer of the letter. If
the rules do not so determine, it may be
that some officers may give instructions to
that effect Possibly it may throw some
light on the subject to quote from Rule 97
of the Chicago and Northwestern Code, as
follows :

"If a subsequent order be received to go
to other parts of the road, the original
order expires and must not be used again.
In case orders should be given to a point
outside of the working limits for water,
fuel, or any other cause, and it be desired
that the working order should not be can-
celled, the subsequent order should state that
the working order (giving proper number
and reference) will remain valid."

This, of course, refers only to work ex-
tras, but it may be that the same principle
is applied to ordinary extras.

But if such is the case we hold to the
opinion that it is only a ruling and is not
authorized by anything in the Standard
Code. We do not agree with our corre-
spondent when he says that the second
order supersedes the first because it has a
higher number. Supersedure is not deter-
mined by the numbers of the orders. Form
P says that "this order will be given by
adding to the prescribed form the words
'instead of.' " That is the only way one order
can be superseded by another. Neither is
it fulfilled nor annulled, therefore it must
still be in effect and good to use from A to
C We think these statements are fairly
warranted by the SUndard Code. We will
admit, however, that it might be better for
the dispatcher to state, when giving the
second order, that the first is annulled. It
might avoid possible complications in con-
nection with the running of other extras, if
there be any. Will any one from the North-
western volunteer any information?

QUESTIONS.

173. — "Please give your opinion on the
following order :

"'First No. 83 will meet extra 467 at
Wallman and extra 403 at Gorman and not
pass Gorman without orders. Extra 457
will meet second No. 83 at Dodson, has
right over No. 85 to Shaw and over Nos.
87 and 89 to W. V. C. Junction. Extra 405
will meet second No. 83 at Schall, has right
over No. 85 to Harrison, over No. 87 to
Shaw and over No. 89 to W. V. C. Junc-
tion.'

"Does the Standard Code permit such or-
ders as this? They are very common on
this road."— R. C.

Answer. — ^The order appears to be in ac-
cord with the rules and the only criticism
that might be offered is in regard to its
length. The dispatcher has two extras
running against five regular trains in the
opposite direction and an order of this kind
was probably a great saving of time over
a number of shorter ones. We note that
the number of the order is 80 and that it
was sent at 4:58 p. m., making it evident
that the division is a heavy one and in all
probability the dispatcher has all he can do
to keep ahead of his work.

The order is rulable and not difficult to
understand, but it might be better to avoid
orders of such length that the crew may
become confused or overlook some part of
their provisions.

174.— "No. 75 is a local freight and is
scheduled to run 'daily except Sunday.' It
runs from A to G, leaving A at 8 a. m. and
arriving at G at 6 p. m. It leaves A on
time Saturday morning. There is a new
time-table takes effect at 12:01 a. m. Sun-
day, making the schedule of No. 75 prac-
tically the same as the old one, the only
change being that the time is made from
30 minutes to an hour later at some sta-
tions.

"No. 75 leaves D at 11 :60 p. m. and ar-
rives at E (a blind siding) at 12:02 a. m.
At this station it was due at 3 p. m. by the
old time and 4 p. m. by the new. They pro-
ceed to F and head in for No. 2. First No.
2 passes and the second section stops and
delivers an order to No. 75 saying that
Engine 437 (the engine on 75)^ would con

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extra D to G with right over all trains.
Was it necessary for the dispatcher to send
this order? The train was represented on
hoth old and new time-table, the only dif-
ference being that it was one hour later on
the new. It was only two miles from G
when the order was delivered and it was
then 2 a. m. and it had until 6 :30 a. m. to
get to G. I contend that the schedule of
No. 75 was not affected by the new card
except that its time was one hour later."—
L.J.F.

ANSWER.-(-If the new schedule was the
same as the old except for a few changes
in the time, the train could assume the new

schedule and could rtm until it became
twelve hours behind its new time.

We assume that the order was sent to it
by second No. 2 simply to give it a chance
to get to the terminal in case it became
twelve hours late. We note that the order
to run extra was "from D to G." From
this we assume that there was no open
telegraph office between those stations and
the dispatcher did not know at what station
it might be fotmd. So far as we can see,
the order to run extra was sent only as a
cautionary measure, in case No. 75 should
become twelve hours late. It was not nec-
essary for any other reason.

Ten Too Many.

I stood at tlie U^ of the hill one day.

The hiU that the engines climb.
And I watched a train that was makinc ito way,

Trying to get in on time;
But the train was too long and the hill was too
steep.
As anyone plainly could see.
The engine mored slowly, and lotidly complained,
"It's ten too many for me.
Ten loo many.
Ten too many«
Ten too many for me.'*

The engineer coaxed, and the fireman swore.

And they begged her to climb the hill.
But their words were in vain, for the foolish old
train
Was stubborn, and almost stood still.
The fireman toiled with his shovel and pick

But scarcely an inch moved she.
And the harder he worked, the louder she said,
"It's ten too many for me.
Ten too many.
Ten too many.
Ten too many for me."

Then the fireman threw his shovel aside.

And he said, "'Twill be just as you say;
If you think it's too many, you ought to know
best
Till you're ready to go we will stay."
The old engine snorted, "Perhaps we can do it.

So come, let jus try and see;
I'd like to make it, but I'm 'fraid I can't,
I'm afraid it's too maqy for me.
Ten too many.
Ten too many.
Ten too many for me."

So the fireman opened the furnace door.

And he toiled with might and main.
And the engine struggled for all she was worth.

The top of the hill to gain.
At last she made it, and, panting, stood.

As proud as an engine can be.
"I thought 'twas too heavy, but I was mistaken;
Twas none too many for me.
None too many.
None too many.
None too many for me."

Miss Lyoia M. Dunham.

Lehigh Tannery, Pa.

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This DtpMtmaat la oprni to all womMi trtoads of th* Brotherhood.

The Two Glasses.

There sat two glasses, filled to the briin.

On a rich man's table* nm to rln;
One was was niddy« and red as blood«
And one was clear as the crystal flood.

Said the glass of wine to his paler brother,

"Let us tell tales of the past to each other.
I can tell of banquet, and revel, and mirth.

Where I was king, for I ruled in might.
And the proudest and grandest souls on earth.

Fell under my touch, as though struck with blight.
From the beads of kings I have torn the crown,
From the heights of fame I have hurled men
down;

I have blasted many an honored name;

I have taken virtue and given shame;
I have tempted the youth with a sip, a taste.
Which has made his future a barren waste.

Far greater than any king am I«

Or than any army beneath the sky;
I have made the arm of the driver fail.
And set the train from its iron rail;

I have made good ships go down at sea.

And the shrieks of the lost were sweet to me;

For they said, ''Behold, how great you bel
Fame, strength, wealth, genius, before you fall.
And your might-power are over all.

Hoi Hoi pale brother," laughed the wine,

"Can you boast of deeds as great as mine?"

Said the water glass, "I can not boast
Of a king dethroned, or a murdered host;
But I can tell of hearts that were sad.
By my crystal drops made light and glad;

Of thirst I have quenched, and brows I have

laved;
Of hands I have cooled, and souls I've saved.
I have leaped through the valley.
Dashed down the mountain.
Sleep in the sunshine, and dripped from the foun-
tain;
I have burst my doud fetters and dropped from

the sky.
And everywhere gladdened the landscape and
eye.
I have eased the hot forehead of fever and pain,
I have made the parched meadows grow fertile
with grain;
I can tell of the powerful wheel of the mill
That ground out the flour, and turned at my
will;

I can tell of manhood, debased by you.
That I have uplifted and crowned anew.
I cheer, I help, I strengthen and aid,
I gladdened the heart of man and maid;
I set the chained wine-captive free.
And an are better for knowing me."

These are the tales they told to each other.
The glass of wine and its paler brother.

As they sat together, filled to the brim

On a rich man's table, rim to rim.

— £//*r Wfu^Ur Wilcox.

Success.

Success? What is this thing Success, I pray?

Is it to stand forth in the glare of day

As one who wins great battles in the marts

Without regard to human souls and hearts?

Is it to strive in blindness of the right

Toward and to achieve some goal of mis^t

Where from vast riches pour, huge stores of gold.

Into the coffers of the keen and bold?

Is it to win through trickery of phrase

And nice word polishments the Poet's bajrs.

Or laurels of the Masters of Romance,

Not by endeavor, but by stylist's chance?

Is it to trample by sheer force of will

O'er plodders for the right, o'er hah and ill?

To snatch some^igh position in the state.

To principle and honor runagate?

Is it to climb from lowly place to high

Regardless of the rungs of misery?

Or is it his, who lives his mortal span
In all things striving to become a man?
To live as God hath willed, to use his brawn
To help another to some joyous dawn.
To use his strength, his valor and his wit
So that, though riches small may come of it.
His fellows when his sands of life are run
Shall say of his achievements small "Well done!
Here falls a man we never knew to shirk;
The world is brighter for his modest work I"
Ah, give to me not that Success that comes
Mixed in with others* tears, with sounding drums,
But better far the laurel that depends
Upon the love and honor of my friends.
Those bays the more securely e'er will rest
That come from those who understand us best;
The only ones are they that really bless
And form the measure of the true Success I

— John Kendrkk Bangs,

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^Wilderness Vagabond*

Your well kept wmyf teem to call unto me never-
Keen above the roar of town conies the whisper
of the West;
My feet, though awearj, turn unto the blind trails
ever.
And nightfall always finds me 'twixt the prairie
and the crest

Your granite paths leave my spirit sore and
bleeding.
Bruised is my soul, and with pity droops my
heart;
The faces in the street, cruel, greedy, stem and
pleading.
Seem to stare from out my fire, though I camp
far from the mart.

So let me roam, though I call no brother debtor,
Though the game that you call life wrests no
4011 of strength from me;
Idler I'm dubbed— let it pass for want of better—
But gild your chains in vain — they ^>peal not
to the free!

— Denver Republican,

She Called Me.

She called me "Jack!" But instantly
She blushed as red as red could be.
And bit her lip as if to show
She meant not to have spoken so;
All which I was not slow to see.

What were my feelings? Well, Pro free
To say I felt no great degree

Of heart expanding bliss, although
She called me "Jack."

It seemed to be a mystery
Until I thought of John Supplee.
Was he her "Jade," I*d like to know?
You see my given name is "Joe" —
That's why she blushed when thoughtlessly
She called me "Jack."

— Caiholic Standard and Times.

In After Years.

Just a little meeting on the street one day.

He sedate and older, she sweet-faced and gray.
Just a little hand-clasp, just a word or two.

Just a pair of hasel eyes smiling into blue.
Just a little low, sweet laugh, more than half a
tear.

And his mind went radng back along with hers,
I fear.
To a little graduate dressed in purest white.

And a Uttle sad good-by o'er the gate one night.

And he?
Oh, he recovered and now has children ten.

And she?
Well, she's been nwmed twice and hopes to be
— r. H. KtndaU.

Statement Of Claims.

PotT HuiON, Mich., May 1, 1907.

Previously paid $267,878.50

Paid Since Last Report.

678 John W. Cooley, Kansas City, Mo.| 800.00

679 Michael O'Dea, Philadelphia, Pa. 800.00

680 Colice Gordon, Whitehall, N. Y.. 500.00

681 Michael Fitzgerald, Pt Jervis»

N. Y 500.00

688 Hannah Reilly, Peoria, 111 500.00

688 Wm. P. Morrissey, Tyrone Pa... 500.00

684 A. L. Guthrie, Tacoma, Wash.... 500.00

685 B. a Shellenberg, Battle Creek,

Mich 500.00

686 H. W. Cowan and Mamie Hicken,

Denver, CoL S98.S5

687 Geo. W. McHenzey, El Paso, Tex. 897.66

688 Frank Meyer, E. St. Louis, IlL. 600.00

689 Frank Bilx, Pt. Jervis, N. Y..... 500.00

690 Evaline Fisher, Moberly, Mo 600.00

691 John Rhodes, Jersey City, N. J... 500.00
698 Chas. E. Hardy, Concord, N. H.. 500.00
698 Edward Hardell, Kern, CaL 500.00

694 Margaret Wall, Bay City Mich... 500.00

695 Wm. Forbes, Columbia, Pa. 500.00

696 Jas. A. Garvis Albion, Pa. 500.00

697 W. F. Frceland, Temple, Tex.... 500.00

698 L. W. Morganstdn, Niagara Falls,

N. y. 500.00

Total $877,564.41

Died Since Last Report

Gertrude Gordon, of Lodge No. 811, died March
16th, 1907.

Florence H. Myers, of Lodge No. 878, died
March 18th. 1907.

Christens Nicholson, of Lodge No. 184, died
Mardi 85th, 1907.

Kate Markey, of Lodge No. 188, died March
81st, 1907.

Lillie Mae Tucker, of Lodge No. 881, died April
Ist, 1907.

Emma Scherer, of Lodge No. 46, died April 'Sd,
1907.

Adda Huckelberry, of Lodge No. 68, died April
6th, 1907.

Margaret Sweeney, of Lodge No. 118, died
April 8th. 1907.

Isabella Mainprise, of Lodge No. 174, died
April 9th, 1907.

Elizabeth Shea, of Lodge No. 860, died April
5th. 1907.

Annie McCaffrey, of Lodge No. 80, died April
18th. 1907.

Hattie Burkhart, of Lodge No. 119, died April
18th, 1907.

EtU PhiUipa, of Lodge No. 248, died April
15th, 1907.

Flora Henderson, of Lodge No. 815, died April
S8d, 1907.

Loretta Flory, of Lodge No. 888, died April
— , 1907.

Cells Burmaster, of Lodge No. 8, died April
S5th, 1907. Amy A. Dowmiiig.

a S. ft T.

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8m Saotloa 10 OonatitoUmi, Onuid

JMkan for this d«partm«ai most be wrlUmi on on* tldo of papor onl j, wrtUon with Ink and most b« tX ihm ofBoo
■ot lator than tho 32th of th« month to inmiro Insartlon in tho oarrsnt nnmbar.

All ir^^»g— ot addiOM. oommnniontions portnining to tho Jonmnl, ote., ahoold bo aont to tho Editor. Do not Mnd

Whoa tho Joanal dooo not roooh yon, ImmodUtoly sivo m yonr nnmo. oerroot oddnoo and tho anmbor of joor

Safety Appliance Law Decision.

UNITED STATES v. SOUTHERN PACIFIC
COMPANY.

1. The fact that there were other defects in the
cars than those prohibited by the Federal
safety-appliance acts affords no excuse for de-
laying the repairs requisite to compliance with
such acts.
S. Lack of knowledge that an apparatus, required
to be kept in repair by the safety-appliance
acts, was defective does not constitute a de-
fense to a suit brought to enforce the pre-
scribed penalty for noncompliance. Railroads
must ascertain for themselves and at their
peril whether or not they haul cars with de-
fective couplers. United Sutes v. Southern
Railway Company (186 Fed. Rep., 122) cited
• and approved.
S. Repairs that can be made without the necessity
of taking the cars to a repair shop should be
made during the journey; but repairs that can
not be so made should be done at the nearest
repair shop in course of transit. Carriers can
not, for their convenience, carry defective
cars by one repair shop to another.
4. It was the manifest intentkm of Congress in
passing tlie safety appliance acts to consider
the safety of railway employes at all times;
and a break in the continuity of such safety
would defeat in large measure the paramount
purpose of the law.
Wm. C, Bristol, United States attorney, for plain-
tiff.
Wm. D. Ptnion for defendant

(Decided April 1, 1907.)
WoLVttTOir, Judg€i

The first count charges the defendent with hav-
ing hauled Unk>n Pacific car No. 11147 loaded
with coal, while being wed in moving interstate

traffic, from East Portland in the State of Ore-
gon to Portland in said State, when the coupling
and uncoupling apparatus on the "A" end and the
"B" end of said car was out of repair and inop-
erative, the chain connecting the lock pin or lock
block to the uncoupling lever being broken on the
*'A*' end of said car, and the chain connecting the
lock pin or lock block to the uncoupling lever be-
ing missing from the "B" end of said car.

The second count is the same as the first, except
it charges that the chain connecting the lock pin
or lock block on the "A" end of the car only was

The separate answer to the first cause alleges
that the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company
delivered the car to the defendant at the latter's
station in East Portland, and that defendant then
moved the same with ito switch engine across the
Willamette River and into the terminal yards of
the Northern Pacific Terminal 0>mpany, so that
it could be unloaded and then carried by defend-
ant over iU own tracks, a distance of 18,160 feet,
to ito car shops, and there properly repaired. It
further alleges that the car had thereon the fol-
lowing defecto: One major lock block broken,
two yoke rivets, eight carry iron bolts, one brake-
beam safety chain tightened* and one uncoupling-
lever chain missing, the latter item of which was
commonly called an interstate commerce defect.
That while said car was thus out of repair, with-
out the knowledge or fault of the defendant, it
was moved as aforesaid.

That this defendant did not then and there have
at said terminal yards or elsewhere than at ito
said car shops as aforesaid any place for the con-
venient and orderly repair of said car, and tfaiat
it was and is impracticable to refuse to receive
said car so loaded as aforesaid, and so defective
as aforesaid from said Oregon Railroad & Navi-
gation Company at said East Portland station,
and it was then and there impracticable to repair
said car at any other place or time excepting at
ita said car shops as aforesaid, and until the sai4

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our was then and there tinloaded of its eontenu so
received as aforesaid.

The separate answer to the second cause is the
same as that to the first, except it is alleged that
the car had thereon the following defects: One
yoke rivet, two draft springs, one brake staff bent,
one brake beam safety chain tightened, and one
uncoupling lever chain missing. The sufficiency
of the answers in statement of fact is challenged
by demurrer.

Briefly stated, the conditions under which the
cars in question were moved by the defendant rail-
road company are as follows: The line of the
Oregon Railway ft Navigation Company enters
Portland from the east. Its junction with the
Southern Pacific is at the latter's station in East
Portland. The former company owns and operates
lepair shops on the east side of the Willamette
River, distant from the junction approximately one
mile; and the Southern Pacific Company likewise
owns and operates car shops on the same side of
the river, two miles distant The cars in question
were taken up at the East Portland sUtion, carried
to and across the steel bridge spanning the Willa-
mette River and into the terminal company's yards,
a distance of about one-half mile, and there de-
livered to the latter company. It is on account
of this act of carrying the cars from the Esst
Portland station into the terminal yards that the
Southern Pacific Company is charged with an in-
fraction of the safety appliance act.

The defense is that it was impracticable for the
Southern Pacific Company to do otherwise than it
did in the way of getting the cars to its car shops,
where the designated defects could be properly
repaired. The question presented is whether such
a defense can be maintained.

It should be noted that the Government is not
complaining of any defects other than one broken
and two missing uncoupling lever chains. The
defendant was not called upon to answer except
ss to these. The additional defects shown by the
answer are aet up, no doubt, to indicate the neces-
sity of sending the cars to the repair shops before
the repairs could be made. The answer does not
say that It was impracticable to repair the defects
complained of without sending the cars to the re-
pair shops, but to repair the cars in respect of
the combined defects which the answer itself dis-
closes. This is an evasion of the resl issue. A
oombining of other car defects with the defects
complained of can afford no excuse for delaying
the repairs requisite to a compliance with the law;
and for this reason alone the answers are wholly
Insufficient. However, the case has been presented
ss if the allegations of the answers were confined
to the defects complained of, and it is upon this
hypothesis that I will determine the controversy.

Some observations preliminarily. The specific
purpose of the Safety Appliance Act is pertinently
voiced by its title, as follows: "To promote the
safety of employes and travelers upon railroads.**
So the Supreme Court of the United Sutes has
said:

The primary object of the act was to promote
the public welfore by securing the safety of em-

ployes and travelers. (Johnson v. Southern Pa-
cific Co., 19« U. S., 1, 17.)

So in Voelker v. Chicago. M. & St P. Ry. Co.
(116 fed., 867), the court says:

The statutory requirement with respect to equip-
ping cars with automatic couplers was enacted in
order to protect railway emplojres, as far as pos-
sible, from the risks incurred when engaged in
coupling and uncoupling cars.

In further interpretation of the act, the duty
of the transportation companies hss also been as-
certained.

'^hcn companies, like the defendant in this
case,** says the court in Voelker v. Chicago, M. ft
St P. Ry. Co., supra, "are engaged in intersUte
traffic, it is their duty, under the act of Congress,
not to use, in connection with such traffic, cars
that are not equipped as required by thst act.
This duty of proper equipment is obligatory upon
the company before it uses the car in connection
with intersUte traffic, and it is not a duty which
only arises when the car happens to be loaded
with intersUte freight"

And Judge Whitson, in United SUtes v. Great
Northern Ry. Co., 160 Fed., 299, has carried the
duty to the keeping of the equipment in suiuble
repair for use as designed by Congress. (See also
P. ft R. Ry. V. Winkler. 4 Pennewill, 887.) The
utility of the act requires as much. Otherwise, it
would prove to be of but little practical conse-
quence.

Now it is urged that the cars were so moved by
the defendant company without knowledge of the
defecU and that that fact ought to relieve it from
liability. This is resting the case upon the de-
gree of diligence observed by the defendant com-
pany in ascertsining the fact of the existence of
the defecU. But the proposition can not be main-
tained. The very question has been decided by
Humphrey, district judge, in United SUtes v.
Southern Ry. Co. (185 Fed., 122), wherein he
says with cogeney and force —

The defendant asks the court to hold, in effect,
that they can not haul the car in that condition,
provided they have failed to use diligence to dis-
cover iU defective condition, but that if they have
used due diligence, they may haul the car in its
defective condition. In all such cases it would be
impossible for the officers of the government to
determine in advance whether a sUtute has been
violated or not; but, before a prosecution could
be properly instituted, they should go . to the de-
fendant company, ascertain what care it had used
in regard to a cerUin car, determine as a matter
of fact and law whether the acts of the defendant
constituted due diligence, and from that determine
whether a prosecution might be safely instituted.
It is evident thst such a defense would take the
very Hfe out of the act in question and render
iU enforcement Impossible except in a few iso-
lated

And it was specifically held that due diligence
in keeping the coupler in proper repair was not •
an element of defense.

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li tiicli in act was not came for defense in that
case, lack of knowkdge that the apparatus was de-
fectiTe would not constitute a defense in this. The
railroad companies are charged, as I hare shown,
with the duty of hauling only such cars aa are
provided with automatic couplers in suitable re-
pair, so as to be operative without the necessity
of employes going between the cars; and it would
go far to subvert the law, and the purpose there-
of, if they ivere permitted to say that they had no
knowledge of the defeat, and that, therefore, they
were not liable under the act. The companies
must ascertain for themselves and at their peril
whether or not they have taken up or are hauling
cars with defective couplers. Their intention to do
right does not relieve them. (United States v.
Great Northern Ry. Co., supra.) I hold, there-
fore, that want of knowledge of the defects on the
part of the defendant company does not constitute
a defense.

The next question is whether the defendant com-
pany should have made the repairs before hauling
the cars across the river, and into the terminal
yarda. There are here two phases of the question.
One involves the condition that the couplers were
capable of repair, in the respect that the law re-
quires, without the necessity of taking the cars to
the repair shops. If they were, there can be no
further contention, because it would surely follow
that the defendant should have repaired the de-
facts before moving the cars farther upon their
journey. I say farther upon their journey, be-
cause the cars were yet in transit; the point of
destination had not been reached; nor was it
reached until they were set in at the place of un-
loading. The chain coupling, the lock pin with
the lever, is a very simple device, consisting of a
few links of a small chain, easily attachable with
the aid of light tools, and there exists no reason
why it should not be readily repaired or replaced
at any stage in the journey without serious or ma-
terial inconvenience or delay.

But if I am in error as to the fact of the readi-
ness with which the repairs can be made, then the
other phase of the question arises, which is,
whether the cars should have been taken to the
car shops for repair before being carried to the
terminal yards for unloading. It is urged that the
court should take into consideration the conven-
ience and practicability of repairing the defects.
To be understood, it should be said that the term
impracticable is not employed in the answer to in-
dicate that it was impossible to set the cars out
and take them to the repair shops before carrying
them on their journey; but that it was imprac-
ticable so to do, in the sense that it would unduly
impede and interfere with the transportation of
freight by cars, and in special instances might re-
sult in loss to either the shipper or carrier, or to
both, as in the case where perishable goods were
being transported.

While Congress may have taken into considera-
tion, and presumably did, the inconvenience to
railroad companies in providing equipment of the
character here under consideration, and in keeping
the same in repair, yet by its positive enactment it

manifestly considered the safety of the brakemen
and employes who are charged with the duty of
coupling and uncoupling cars paramount; and,
having made no exception in terms, the natural
conclusion is that the act was intended to apply in
all cases where the cars were being used in mov-
ing interstate traflk. Admittedly, if a breakage
occurs between stations where repair shops are lo-
cated, and the repair cannot be made without tak-
ing the car to such a place, the company can not
be held liable until it haa had the opportunity of
making the repair, and in that event it would be
justified in hauling the car in the train to the
succeeding station where such repairs could be
made.

This does not, however, give to the company the
discretion of carrying the car forward to lepair
ahopa at destination. If it were permissible to
carry the car by one repair ahop to another, where
the repair could be more conveniently made, then
it could, with equal propriety, be cUimed that the
car might be carried by and beyond two or more
of such stations, and. indeed, to cover an entire
journey from the Middle West to the Pacific aea-
board. This would detract vitally from the utility
of the law, as brakemen might, in the course of
such a haul, be required to pass many times be-
tween the cars for the coupling and unconpUng
of the particular car or cars with defective equip-
ment. An illustration is afforded by what was
done in this case.

After the cars were taken Into the terminal
yards, it waa necessary to uncouple them to set
them out for unloading and to couple them again
for transportation to the Southern Pacific Com-
pany's car shops, with possibly other couplings
and uncouplings to be made. So that the danger
to the brakeman continued, and must needs have
continued, until relieved by the proper repairs
being made. I am constrained to the view, there-
fore, that this is just the danger that Congress in-
tended to relieve against by the adoption of the
act, and that it is what the defendant's duty re-
quired it to relieve against by making the repair of
the defecta prior to taking the cars into the termi-
nal company's yards. The shortness of the haul
does not alter the case. We may suppose that a
defect existed while the car was being carried
from beyond The Dalles, where the Oregon Rai^
way & Navigation Company has repair shops. It
would have been a violation of the act for that
company to have hauled the cars from The Dalles
to Portland without correcting the defect; and so
it is, in like manner, a violation of the act for the
Southern Pacific Company to take up the cars at
East Portland and haul them for the distance of
only a half mile» and there deliver them to a com-
pany whose duty it is to transact terminal busi-
ness, where the chief work is in shifting cars from
one train to another, and a vast amount of coup-
ling and uncoupling is done, and the greatest
danger is present To hold otherwise would de-
fest in large measure the paramount purpose and
object of the law. The demurrers to the answers
should, therefore, be sustained, and it is so or-
dered.

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Newark Lodge. No. 219. 1« "SUnhopc." Another •lor* from the Mine

town U Charlie SUter, who is alio a brother

(The old Morris ft Essex DiTision of the Lacka- "typo" of mine. AL Barnes was another oele-

wanna RaUroad.) brated M. ft E. employe before his death a few

years sgo. Everybody along the line knew "Al."

In my last letter to the JdimMAL I mentioned •» the handsome conductor of the "Swiday Milk,-

my recollections of the old Morris ft Essex Dsvi- the only Sunday train on the M. ft E. at that
sion of the Lackawanna system, and some of the time. "Gene" Rush was one of "AlV aides in
engineers and conductors whom I knew personally those good old times. Another popular man, who
some twenty years ago, and it is my purpose to *» now gone from us, was "Al" Vandenreer.
continue my brief history with the kind indulgence George Skidmore, who for some years ran a pas-
of the editor of the Joubnal, and mention in this senger train on the old Bloomfield branch, was
letter some of the old time brakemen and baggage another old-time and popular man. and I must
mssters who have been promoted in regular order not forget genial Charlie Cordes, who is now and
to baggage cars and conductors. My reminiscences *>•• been for some time a passenger conductor,
would not be complete without this. I can well Among others I can mention Engineer Nixon,
remember my first acquaintance with genial "BiUy" ^J»o is "pulUng" Conductor Lew Carter's train
Snyder, now a passenger conductor, who was about now, and popular Hubert Curley, a good-natured,
the first man I worked with on a drill engine in whole-souled man, and the two Homing "boys."
old Port Morris yard. Nor must I forget to men- "big" Ed, who recendy died, and George, who
ti'on that whole-souled "BiUy" Bailey, whom I ^or a long time was flagman on the Easton Mail,
knew as brakeman and baggage master, and who but who has been in charge of the baggage room
is now night train master at Hoboken. Another at Newark station recently. George Hass and
man, one of my most respected friends, Henry Bill Wheaton. Arthur Bunn. Fred Ckwr, and X
Burns, who has had twenty-five years of uninter- came very near omitting to mention Conductor
rupted service with the M. & £., in train service, "Pat" Kiruin, who runs one of the South Orange
is now assistant station master at Hoboken, and trains. Also "Dave" Peer and Conductor Friary,
is well thought of by all with whom he comes in some more of the old timers. A great many of
contact In point of continual service on one the men whom I have mentioned in this letter are
train, mention must be made of "Eddie" Cum- today and have been for a long time members of
mings and Dan Merrick, who have been on the old No. 819, and I can say that old 819 is proud
Easton Mail for many years. I remember also to see so many of her "boys" doing so well. The
Brakemen Stephens and Van Ness, who were old M. ft E. is historic in her past history, and
brakemen on Conductor Corby's train, both of she has today as she always has had a very good
whom are now nmning trains. And there is also lot of railroad men running over the old road.
George Bowden, the veteran baggage master of the Many of her old time men are gone from among
Easton Mail, and neither must Conductor Bowen us, never to return, but their memory will al«
be forgotten, genial whole-souled "Billy," who is ways remain with ua. I have only mentioned in
now running one of the South Orange trains, this letter the men with whom I have a personal
"Johnny" Jewell and Jos. Van Idenstein, two acquaintance. There are many more whom I
South Orange boys, were promoted to conductor- have long known by reputation, but these I can
s&ip, but both died shortly afterwards. Big John only mention in a general way as being among
Spence, who for years ran the baggage car on Con- the vast army of faithful employes of the old M.
ductor Budd*s train, has also passed away. I well ft E., made so by the old time and best hearted
remember the struggle genial Harry Day had to nan who ever occupied the superintendent's chair
get in train service, but he finally landed and to- of any railroad in the country. I refer with great
day is running a South Orange train and is "all reverence to our old and much esteemed friend
to the good," and no less a "good fellow" and an and "super," Mr. Andrew Reasoner. To mention
old-time M. ft E. man is his baggage master, the old Morris and Essex Division and not men-
'*Tim" Noonan, and the "second mate" of this tion Mr. Reasoner. who for so many years held
train. C. W. Davy has been an apt pupfl of both* the reins of control, would be almost sacrilegious.
Harry Day and Tom Noonan. Many other men He was a man for every railroad superintendent to
whom I have known for years I csn truthfully say pattern after, and there are many who can never
a good word for, among whom are "Gus" Reid. attain hia degree of excellence. His men loved
Johnny Long, both out of service now, as are also him, and he loved his men, one and all, from
Geo. Brown, Geo. Wheeler, Col. Haines, "Billy" highest to lowest He had a gruff exterior, but an
Campbell, George Skidmore, Harry Dunnell. Those exceedingly warm interior. A bigger hearted man
who are still in the service with twenty or more never lived. His photograph showing him seated
years to their credit are "Jimmy" Colgan, bag- at his desk in the old Hoboken office hangs in our
gage master, Alfred Shoetter, baggage master, lodge room over the Master's chair, and it b our
Frank Marshall, baggage master, Ed. Barber, bag- most cherished remembrance of him whom we all
gage master, Geo. Laird, conductor, Geo. Lame, loved and respected, and when he was deposed by
baggage master, "Billy" Newman, conductor, a change of management the lioys" lost their
"Billy" Ayres, "Dick" Buggot; both of these best friend, and the old Morris and Esaex Division
commenced their railroad career on the Hacketts- passed out of existence with his retirement He
town Wood Train with the oldthne engine. No. died very shortly after, and his memory shall ever

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523

remftm lovingly with til who knew him. And now
in conduiion I wish to mj that our old lodge.
No. 110, has heeu called upon to mourn the loss
of two of our members who were old time M. ft E.
men. Brothers Kobinson and Wolf. Brother Rob-
inson was buried on Friday, April 86, and a dele-
gation of members of the lodge went to Glad-
stone on Sunday, the S8th, to take charge of the
funeral services of Brother Dan Wolf.

A. M. DOVQLASS.

The Home.

The following donations have been received at

the Home for the month of April:

B. R. T. Lodges.

17 $16.10 814 $ 8.00

88 80.00 868 18.00

M 8.00 881 86.00

87 10.00 861 16.86

66 8.00 894 10.00

64 10.00 40S 18.00

88 8.60 461 8.00

04 18.00 677 6.00

07 4.00 706 18.00

188 8.00 748 8.70

Total $108.46

L. A. T. Lodges.

80 $ 6.00 160 $ 6.00

88 6.60 860 6.00

Total $80.60

Summary.

O. R. C. Divisions $188.60

B. R. T. Lodges 108.46

B. L. E. Divisions 118.00

B. L. F. ft E. Lodges 111.00

L, A. T. Lodges 80.60

G. I. A. Divisions 6.00

James Costello^ No. 870, O. R. C 1.00

Alfred S. Lunt, No. 466, B. R. T 1.00

Mother of a deceased member of Lodge

No. 78, B. L. F. ft E., Camden, N. J.. 16.00
Proceeds of a charity ball given by Lodge

No. 176, L. A. T., Proctor. Minn 64.86

Interest on deposit in the bank of Williams,

Iowa 80.68

Total $706.08

Miscellaneous.
One box of canned goods and one quilt from
No. 880« L. A. T.

Respectfully submitted,

John O'Ktirx,
Secretary and Treasurer.

Milwaukee, Wis.

The writer signing himself J. W. W., of Lodge
No. 864, has suggested that we create the office
of general claim agent. I agree with the sugges-
tion, not that it will assist me, particularly, be-
cause I am a cripple and could gain nothing of

the office if it were created, but it would assist
other brothers to avoid the same experience that
I had.

I found that there were all kinds of lawyers
who were willing to take my case, get the money,
and see to it that the greater part of it went to
themselves. After I was injured I had many
different lawyers come to me and want me to
place my case in their care. The most of them
knew nothing at all about cases of the kind, and
would not have known where to start if they
had taken it.

A brother who is helpless, following injury,
is in no position to get evidence while he is in the
hospital, and if he does not employ a lawyer who
will get it, the chances are that the unfortunate
will not fare very well. The railroad company
has its claim agent on the spot as soon as anything
happens, and the agent follows the injured em-
ploye to the hospital, and, if possible, gets a sworn
statement from him before he is in in any position
to know what ne is saying.

I hope this proposition will receive the con-
sideration of our members, for I believe it will
be of great assistance to them.

W. H. S., Lodge No. 437.

Columbus, Ohio*

In glancing over my letter to you, as published
in the April Jouenal., I find myself placed in the
light of an ex-member of the Switchmen's Union,
and I take thia opportunity of asking you to
kindly correct the errors, since I have not at any
time been affiliated with that "bunch." The letter
I had referred to as being written by Mr. J. B.
Connors, and which is now in my possession, was
addressed to a man who is now an active member
of our Organization, but who at one time belonged
to the S. U. in one of the cities of this system.
And while I am on the subject of the increase
in our membership from the ranks of the S. U.,
I would like to tell the Joubnal of an example
which quite recently came to my notice and which
redounds to th^ credit and faithfulness of one of
our most active members, namely. Brother J. W.
Feeser, of Springfield, O.

A few days ago the General Grievance Commit-
tee was called to that place for the purpose of
adjusting affairs in the yards there, and I was
surprised and greatly pleased to find that with a
single exception it was a "solid B. R. T. yard.*'
Surprised, I say, for the reason that before our
settlement the B. R. T. membership in this yard
consisted of but just a little more than enough to
entitle the men to a committee with Brother
Feeser as chairman. I was curious to know the
details of affairs as they stood, and at a special
meeting talked at some length with some of our
men, brothers whom I found to be intelligent and
very enthusiastic Brotherhood men. They told me
how xealously Brother Feeser had worked among
them and pointed out the advantage of a member-
ship in the good old B. of R. T. for men in yard
as well as in road service, how they had promised
him that a 4 cent per hour advance gained by

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524

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

tlie B. R. T. would bring them to our rtnlct ttid
how, when be came beck from Ctndnneti with
that four cents the/, with the single exception
spoken of, "made good end got in out of the wet."

Brother Feeser is a credit to our Order, and I
point him out as an example for yard men on this
system to follow. Get together, men. Wake up
and try with the might within you to do some
good in the way of gaining members for the Or-
ganisation you should be proud to be a member
of. Do not be content to be always a simple mem-
ber, one of those who says, "Why, I pay my
dues." Hustle a little bit. Go to lodge once in a
while. The roof won't fall on you and you won't
be laughed at either if perchance you should need
a pilot in order to gain admittance or a city guide
to find the location of your lodge. Not long ago
I asked one of our boys here to go to lodge with
me. He promised be would but did not, and
when I asked him the reason next day he ex*
plained that his wife's little dog had been very
sick the night before. I have heard several forms
of excuses for men not going to lodge and some
of them were decidedly original, but this had them
all "skinned."

Brothers on the Big Four. You are members of
a strong, cspsble Organisation, capable of pro-
tecting your interesu whether you be train or
yard man. This has been proven beyond all doubl
and you should show your appreciation of your
membership and of what your Organization has
done for you by trying to get at least one new
member. Think what it would mean if every
member of the B. R. T. on this system would be
the means of bringing in even one new member*

Yours in B., S. ft I.,

Tbos. p. Rssd,
Lodge No. 176.
C G. G. C. Big Four Ry.

whom the Watches are reeehFed, guaraateet that
each Watch will be a perfect time keeper, and if
there is any reason to feel that there has been any
mbrepresentation concerning any of the Watches
we offer, the Jovbnal will be very glad to adjust
the differences satisfactorily.

Every Brotherhood boy and girl has an oppor-
tunity to get either a Commercial Standard, or a
Lady's "QUEEN" Watch during vacation. It
is not a particularly hard matter to get thirty or
thirty-five subscriptions if the effort is made.

The JouxNAL asks each one of its members, and
the members of our Brotherhood fsmilies, to take
up the subscription work lor the Joubmal. Read
the advertising pages for a list of the prises
offered for subscriptions.

"Queen" Watch O. K.

"I received my Lady's 'QUEEN' Watch, and
it is certstnly a beauty. The boys were very
much surprised to know that such prizes were
given for getting subscribers."

"Fraternally yours,

L. C. HSNNSSSKY,

Lodge No. 284.

The above letter is only one of many that has
been received by the Joubnai. on receipt of the
prizes that have been given for subscriptions.

Very many members of the Brotherhood are
under the impression that there is something
wrong with the prizes offered, because the values
are so exceptionally high, and it is not under-
stood how we can offer such a large percentage
for subscriptions received.

Every article that is offered by the JotrxNAL
is just as it is represented to be. Our B. R. T.
Standard Watch sells for $50.00; our Commer-
cUl for $85.00 and our Lady's "QUEEN" Watch
for $S0.00. These Watches are exactly as they
are represented. The Journal stands behind each
one of them, and the Webb C. Ball Co., from

Dayton^ Ohio.

I haven't seen anything from Lodge No. S7S
for some time. We are still doing some business
and have some good material to work on yet, but
it seems slmost impossible to get them in line. I
believe they will see where they are making a
mistake. We have been expecting to get a new
schedule for some time, but we are living in hope.

I am heartily in favor with the brother from
Indianapolis on the question as to a salaried
chsirmsn on our system. The schedule thst we
are working under now is not lived up to, and
never has been at any time it has been in effect.
I am sure that anyone who has been working on
the system in the past four years will sgree with
me.

If we hsd a salaried diairman to go over the
system, and see thst the schedule is lived up to,
it would reduce our expenses in a great many
cases, and our chairman would be in position to
have full knowledge of any grievance that would
come up. Some of the grievances that have been
taken up have been loaded with things of which
the committee did not have any knowledge.

A salaried chairman would have a tendency to
eliminate such questions. He would hsve a tend-
ency to keep our brothers in line, for they get a lit-
tle careless. Again, I believe it would have a ten-
dency to have a better attendance at our meet-
ings, as our chairman could arrange to visit each
lodge at least one meeting a month. I believe
the brothers would all attend who possibly could.

I suggest that this matter be taken up with
each local lodge, and have it before the brothers
of the system. Our committee will be cslled to
take up the new schedule within a short time. It
is our duty to get together, and give our chairman
all the information we can. This is a step that
should not be overlooked by any one of us.

I am in favor of giving our chairman all the
information that is possible at this time, and not
wait until the schedule is msde, and then com-
plain. It is too late then to say that we did not
get what we wanted. Don't blame the chairman;
help him and he will help you.

A MSMBBR OP LooGX No. 27S.

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EDITORIAI

Vol. XXIV.

No. 6

Government vs. Corporation Construction.

There is a bt of Government work that
looks mighty slow and expensive, but if
the results, when Government work by the
Government itself is the consideration are
anything to go by the Government has much
the better of the argument.

Some years ago the Government decided
to build two battleships, one by contract and
the other at the Navy Yard, New York.
The G)nnecticut was built at New York,
and the Louisiana was built by a ship build-
ing concern. Estimates and costs were fur-
nished from time to time and while the
best men available were secured, the eight-
hour day worked, and the best wages were
paid for in the construction of the Con-
necticut, the contract builder used his own
judgment in hiring, working, and paying
employes. From time to time the progress
of the two ships was given out and from
the beginning the estimates showed that the
Navy Yard product was costing a trifle more
per ton than the other, but it seems that
when final results are to be considered
that the Navy Yard ship has a decided ad-
vantage over the ship concern product

Rear Admiral J. B. Coughlan, U. S. N.,
who is to be retired for age, recently furnish-
ed his opinions on the needs of the navy for
CoUier^s Weekly, and in his discussion he
referred to the need for continuous ship
building at the New York Navy Yard, and
among other reasons given in defense of the
Government owned plant he paid quite a
compliment to it that backs up about all

that has ever been said regarding the cost
of building ships in and out of the Govern-
ment yards. In this connectrion he said :

When the Connecticut left the hands of
her builders, the New York Navy Yard, she
was ready to go into battle, if need be;
while her sister ship, the Louisiana, buih
for the government by contractors, was in-
complete, much of the work remaining to be
done afterwards. On the face of the figures
presented it would appear that the Con-
necticticut cost more than $300,000 in excess
of the sum expended upon the Louisiana. It
is reasonable to suppose that she did cost
more, because the government pays the men
employed at the yard a better wage, and en-
forces the eight-hour day, but I am puz-
zled to know what the actual difference in
cost was, even after the figures have been
published. The following estimates were
given in the House of Representatives in
the course of debate on February 14: cost
of Connecticut, $6,340,247.83; cost of Louis-
iana, $5,980,822.40.

Both vessels were authorized by an Act
of Congress, July, 1902. The Connecticut
was finished December 12, 1906. The Louis-
iana was put in commission in June, 1906,
but when the President visited Panama on
board the Louisiana last fall the vessel was
still far from ready for actual service.

We of the navy accept the figures without
question, but it is not clear to us what the
various items stand for in the case of the
Louisiana. We know that the Qmnecticut^

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526 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the finest ship of her class in the world, was increased output, but the bulk of the work
completely equipped in every respect, guns can best be done in the navy yards,
mounted, and ready for action at the cost It must be borne in mind that there is a
stated. What was the actual cost of bring- constant need of additions to the fighting
ing the Louisiana to the same degree of ships already in existence. The United
perfection, after she was launched? That we States navy at the present time is hardly
do not know, so an authoritative compari- half as strong as it should be. It looks much
son cannot as yet be made. more formidable on paper than it really is.
Aside from the relative cost of construe- " "^^ <»* *^^ ^""'» *''•«='' "«*e a good
tion there is another point which must be «''»*«'« on paper are already obsolete for
considered. Forty-two and a half months *^; "«^«™ '«'"'"8 ''"*• ,Th* fighting-umt
were occupied in the actual work of con- "^ ^^^^''^"J^ *'" .^ °* \«*' «f* '^^
struction of the Connecticut, a time which ^T,"" f '^ ^he auxiltaries of smaller sue
could have been shortened had all the ma- *'".** nuimtamed m abotit the same pro-
terial been available when needed. But dur- port'on as at present The latest type of
ing the period of construction we had as- »>»">"J»P «* able to go a much greater dis-
sembled here a highly efficient body of !?"'*'»"«' "'. *"«''*' ^^^' *"» *« '>^'^
skilled workmen, and when it was necessary ^^^ ^^'^^ » «'';««*' <>« «* <•»*« <« *f
to undertake repairs of other ships, these ««*»«'»• Not only do the newer vessels
workmen were taken from the Connecticut ^*^* .S'"'*! ,*"*' *=»P»"ty' they actually
and used to great advantage. So in such jjT' '**» weight .n proportion to their size,
case there was none of the deUy and ex- The new twelve-mch nfle. wh.ch has super-
pense of breaking green men into the work. «<!«>*« heav.e' th.rteen-mch gun. has
They knew what to do and how to do it. *«'**"' pe-jetrat.on w.th less weighty and
If there could be a plan by which a vessel ** »""**' »'»!*» ^''""^ ^f* P**=« *'* *«
would always be in course of construction ""Pavements m guns. The armor best «1-

here. if. when one is completed, work could f'*^** '*» ***^'".*' » ?•"» .*™'» *^ "t* ""."

be begun on another, the government would " *5°"* °"*-*y^ »«!* « ""Kh' *an the

always have this force of splendidly trained ""nbersome. old-fashioned armor plate. Of

men for emergency work. Such a state of ~"''*' *^*/?" ^f*""* «^ be modernized

preparedness would be worth, it seems to f^ * ^'f'^*^?' '."** f* *« °'f «?"» «^*

me. quite a large sum of money, possibly '^'"f "^^^^^^ *'* *« °«* "^hUng ap-

enough to make up the difference in the »«"'"»• •»"' '^ ** "*7 », "^ '«t^'" •*«

cost as between that undertaken by the ^^^''^'^ there must be a long perrod of

govermnent and that turned over to con- active construction of newest model ships,

tractors. Aside from the question of supenor work

done by the Government the constant main-
Facilities in the New York Navy Yard tenance of a high class ship yard b evident
are unsurpassed anywhere. A battleship of when the nation must depend on its navy
the Dreadnought type can be constructed for protection in the event of war.
• here as well as in any other part of the The suggestions were doubtless made
world. No matter how great or how small without inclination to back up the conten-
the work, the work can be done here per- tion of the labor organizations that have
fectly and quickly. pleaded for Government construction of
It is not the general opinion in naval cir- war ships and transports but there has
des that the government should build its never been a better argument made in de-
own vessels to the exclusion of private con- fense of the demands of these same unions
tractors for the work. I believe, and I think than was made by the admiral. Whenever
it is generally believed, that some of this Government operation is squarely managed
work of construction should be let out, so without political interference it will pay. It
that others should know how to build ships is only the overload of politics and poli-
if there should be a sudden demand for an ticians that stands in its way.

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627

America The Best Place For The Worker.

The Amerkan workman protests against
the overload of low ideas and economic
theories that are dumped among our wage
earning people and thrown in competition
with them as each ship arrives from Eu-
rope. Yet, it is merely a natural result of
following the tide of fortune to where it
flows the strongest America is to Europe
what the promised land of Utopia is to the
dreamer who believes in the humanity of his
fellow men and overlooks their human ten-
dencies. It is a land of promise, the place
of fulfillment of every hope and ambition
that is cherished in some form by every
one who thinks. All ambitions are not alike,
consequently, what satisfies one will not
do as much for another and the different
classes of employes naturally come in con-
flkrt The man of low ideals, who is more
than satisfied with the lowest wages offered
is confronted by the man who knows that
there is more in employment if it can be
gotten out by taking away cheap labor com-
petition. This is the principal objection
offered to indiscriminate immigration. Other
questions are of great moment but it is the
great question of wage competition that
stands first

To the European there comes no question
of his right to enter into competition with
and for the best America offers. That he
stands in the way of the development of
others is no concern of his for, is he not
going to be better off than he ever was?
Are not his ideals of work, wages and living
to be realized and, so, what of the others?
They are not his concern except so far as
they hmder his coming to the land of prom-
ise.

After he is here and his children learn
something of the better life and he shares in
better things than he ever knew were to be
had, his ideas change, he is assimilated and,
he, in turn, demands more wages and short-
er hours and he also protests against this
wage destroying immigration. But, this is
our side of the story. To the Old World
eyes it looks as John Coleman said:

America 19 the best place in which to

work. This is so partly because it is as
natural for true Americans to work as to
eat or sleep, and partly because, by reason
of this fact, working conditions are more
comfortable and favorable in America than
in any other land.

Work is the all important, the first thing
in life to most Americans. Foreigners ac-
cuse us of making a religion, a god, of it.
Because of this tendency Americans, so far
from assuming the half apologetic attitude
toward work so common in other countries,
exalt and glorify it Give a good American
his work, and he can happily dispense with
many things that a European, under similar
circumstances, would consider absolutely
necessary. Separate a good American from
his work, and he finds life scarcely worth
living. It is a truism, a proverb, that when
an American business man lays work aside
and retires from the arena, he frequently
loses his health and spirits, breaks down,
slips into the sanitarium or the grave. The
workless man, in America, is pitied when he
is not despised.

The European housewife, or household
worker, transplanted to America, feels as a
rule that her household duties have miracu-
lously dwindled; the European hospital
nurse, stenographer, seamstress, designer,
writer is lost in admiration of American
working surroundings and conditions. In
other countries work is almost universally
regarded rather in the light of a misfortune
than as the "only unmixed blessing of ex-
istence ;** the prevailing attitude toward
work seems to at least tacitly admit the wis-
dom of making tt as hard as possible.
Working hours are longer in other lands,
even though the so-called "superior work-
ers," who toil least and least heavily, ap-
parently are able to stop work at any mo-
ment and on the slightest provocation; sal-
aries are smaller, the other visible rewards
of good work but little in evidence. Worst
of all, the social position of the worker of
other lands is wretchedly uncertain — ^when
and where it may be said to exist at all. In
America, where the work is reg^arded aS

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the natural and desirable privilege of all
healthy and reasonable beings, the social
position depends rather upon the worker
than the work.

"I should like to live in Europe if I had
plenty of money, but give me America every
time, so long as I must earn my own liv-
ing,*' is a saying frequently heard from the
lips of those who know something of non-
American working conditions and methods.
It is based on a profound truth.

Work in America is regarded as one of
the simple, inevitable joys of life — to be
classed with breathing or walking; even
the rich American, who does not naturally

inherit this joy, works hard at the sem-
blance of pleasure. The poor man who does
not work knows himself of no social value
or importance, while all things are possible
to the man who really knows how to work,
and works well The worker, therefore, is
at once the foundation stone and crown of
the entire social structure, the real king of
the earth.

The worker who cannot be happy in
America should try working in other coun-
tries for a little time. This experience would
effect remedial wonders among the dis-
satisfied working contingent could it be
judiciously applied.

The Atlanta Convention,

It is impossible to convey to the Journal
readers a proper idea of what a convention
looks like unless it is compared to the audi-
ence in a high grade theatre. As one look-
ed over the footlights at Atlanta and com-
prehended the greatness of the Brotherhood
as represented by the 760 delegates on the
floor an impression of the magnitude of the
Brotherhood was indelibly fixed. To look
at the assembly, note the well appearing
representatives, their earnest interest in the
discussion and their readiness to see and
appreciate a point was simply the evidence
of the intelligent thought of the Brother-
hood as a whole.

If the judgment of the convention is ever
called into question it is safe to say that its
honesty will not It is a difficult proposi-
tion to bring men from every part of the
United States and Canada, representing so
many extremes of thought and perform-
ance and have them agree unanimously on
all questions before them. It is enough to
know that they have agreed to abide by the
will of the majority as fixed by the laws of
the Brotherhood and to know that whether
they have secured the fulfillment of their
ambitions or not, that they will accept what
has been done in the right Brotherhood
spirit and act like loyal Brotherhood men.

Naturally, there are bound to be some
disappointments CQm« from ^ ^^nventioii <)i

the kind. It is not a good place for any
one man to go with the idea that he is go-
ing to have his own way, for he will not
If he can secure a part of his ideas he is
fortunate, for he has accomplished much
more than many others who attended the
convention.

The delegates commenced to arrive at
Atlanta several days before the convention
opened and by the morning of the second
day we had very close to a full delegation,
or 760 representatives ready to take up their
work of legislating for the Brotherhood.
They did their work as they saw it, to the
best of their judgment and, let us hope, they
legislated wisely and well

The opening day of the convention was
devoted largely to examination of creden-
tials, organization, appointment of commit-
tees and reading commtmications and, to
tell the truth, working off a little super-
fluous parliamentary energy, which is al-
ways expected and seldom fails to material-
ize. But this is also part of the business
and it was good practice for the serious
work later on.

During the afternoon meeting a number
of communications were received and read
from several of our friends who could not
be with us and expressed their good wishes
for our Brotherhood, and their regrets be-
cause they could not be with US.

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529

These fetters were very much appreci-
ated and referred to the regular committees
for proper expression. Among the letters
received were the following:

Cleveland, Ohio., April 18, 1007.
Mr. P. H. Morrissey, Grand Master B. R. T., City.
Dear Sir and Brother — Replying to your favor
of April 15, inviting me to be present at the
opening of your Eighth Biennial Convention, will
say that Providence permitting, it will give me
pleasure to be present with you May 7, 1907.

Thanking you for the invitation and with kind
regards, I am.

Yours fraternally,

W. S. STONE, G. C. E.

Cedar Rapids, Iowa, April 17, 1007.
P. H. Morrisaey, Grand Master B. of R. T., Cleve-
land, Ohio.

Dear Sir and Brother — I am in receipt of yours
of April 16, advising that the Eighth Biennial
Convention of the Brotherhood of Railroad Train-
men will open at Atlanta, Ga., on Tuesday, May
7, and extending an invitation to me to be present
on that occasion and "speak a piece."

It is needless for me to say that I appreciate
the invitation, but it is with very sincere regret
that I am compelled to say that it will be almost
impossible for me to be with you at that time,
owing to the fact that our Grand Division con-
venes a few days later. Will you, on behalf of
myself and the Order of Railway Conductors, pre-
sent to your Grand Lodge our fraternal regards,
and wishing you a successful session. I am.
Yours fraternally,
A B. GARRETSON, G. C. C.

St. Louis, Mo., April 17, 1907.
Mr. P. H. Morrissey, Grand Master B. R. T.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

Dear Sir and Brother— This will acknowledge
receipt of your kind favor of April 16. I am
pleased to note that the Eighth Biennial Conven-
tion of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen will
be held at AtlanU, Ga., commencing Tuesday,
May 7, 1907.

As our Sixth Biennial Convention convenes at
Minneapolis, Minn., on Monday, May 18, 1907, I
regret to say that I shall be so busy that I will
be unable to accept your very kind invitation,
much as I would like to do so.

We have all been exceedingly busy during the
past two years looking after the interests of our con-
stituency, and the telegraphers have not joined
in the union gatherings that were such a prom-
inent feature some years ago. The will must,
however, be taken for the deed, and I take this
oportunity of reiterating the expressions of friend-
ship and good will to the oflRcers and members of
that noble organization, the Brotherhood of Rail-
road Trainmen. I hope you will have a pleasant
and profitable convention. With kind regards, I
•m. Yours fraternally,

H. B. PERUAM, President.

Peoria, IlL, AprU 89, 1907.
Mr. P. H. Morrissey, Grand Master B. R. T.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

Dear Sir- and Brother — I am in receipt of your
letter of the 16th insUnt, extending an inviution
to attend your convention, which commences on
Tuesday, May 7, 1907, at Atlanta, Ga., and I re-
gret that conditions are such as to make It im-
possible for me to attend.

The General Chairmen's Association of our
organization convenes in Chicago on Monday,
May 6, and, as you are aware, it is necessary
that I be present at that meeting. My wife is
seriously ill at the present time, also, and I would
not feel justified, under those conditions, to be far
away from home.

I assure you of my appreciation of your kind
Invitation, and I sincerely trust that you will have
m pleasant session of the Grand Lodge, as well
as m valuable one in matters of legislation for
your membership.

With kindest regards and best wishes, I am.
Yours fraternally,
JOHN J. HANNAHAN, GraniT Master.

Indianapolis, Ind., April 16, 1907.
Mr. P. H. Morrissey, Grand Master B. R. T.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

Dear Sir and Brother— Your favor dated April
16 received. Replying, permit me to thank you
for the very courteous invitation you extend me
to be the guest of your organization at the Eighth
Biennial Convention, to be held at Atlanta, Ga., on
May 7. If my work permits, I shall be most
happy to accept, and shall let you know definitely
later on whether or not to expect me.

I trust that your convention may be harmonious
and successful.

Permit me to congratulate you upon the adjust-
ment of the wage scale between the brotherhoods
and the railway managers.

With personal good wishes, I am.
Yours truly,

JOHN MITCHELL.
President U. M. W. of A

Washington, D. C, May 8, 1907.
Mr. P. H. Morrissey, Grand Master B. R. T.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

Dear Sir and Brother — Confirming my telegram
of even date herewith, I regret very much that on
account of an engagement recently made with the
Assistant Secretary of Commerce and Labor to
take up with him at Boston, Mass., certain matters
relating to the Immigration Service at that port,
on Tuesday next, the 7th, It will be Impossible for
me to avail myself of your kind Inviution to be
the guest of the Brotherhood of Railroad Train-
men, at the opening exercises of Its Eighth Bien-
nial Convention, in Atlanta, Ga., Tuesday morn-
ing. May 7. I assure you that I appreciate the
honor of your Invitation, and wish It were pos-
sible for me to meet yourself and associates on
this most Important occasion. I feel that it is
needless for me, at this time, to refer to the deep

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personal interest I hare always taken in the
Brotherhood and its members, and the land treat-
ment which it and its officers and members have
always accorded me has been a source of gratifica-
tion. You have my best wishes for a successful
meeting, and I am sure that the acts of your con-
vention will show that the Brotherhood still main-
tains its position in the foremost ranks of the labor
organizations. With kind personal regards to
yourself and associateiy

Sincerely and fraternally yours,

F. P. SARGENT.

Washington, April 80, 1907.
Mr. P. H. Morrissey, Grand Master B. R. T.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

Dear Sir and Brother — I am in receipt of your
kind invitation to attend, as a guest of your broth-
erhood, the reception in connection with the open-

ing of the Eighth Biennial Conrentkm of joor
Brotherhood at Atlanta, Ga., on May 7.

I assure you that it would be a genuine pleas-
ure to me to attend and renew some of the pleas-
ant acquaintances I have formed in the past with
officers and members of your Brotherhood, and to
express, in a few feeble words, the pleasant re-
membrance I have of the many years of some-
what close cooperation with yourself and your
associates in behalf of the members of your Broth-
erhood and of the organization which I had the
honor to represent, but I fear it will not be pos-
sible for me to do so. I take this opportunity of
extending to you and your associate officers and to
the delegates, and, through them, to all members
of your Brotherhood, the most cordial fraternal
greetings and best wishes for your continued and
ultimate success, and I am.

Yours fraternally,

E. E. CLARK.

The Convention Open Meeting, Atlanta, Ga.

On the evening of May 8th the public
meeting was held in the Opera House and
was a splendid gathering of the people of
Atlanta and our own friends and brothers.

It was a happy, instructive occasion and
the good will of the great audience was
expressed for each speaker and for his
expressions which were keenly analyzed
and all the good points appreciated.

The chairman of the evening, Brother
Puckett, of Lodge No. 302, acceptably filled
his position. He made a splendid presiding
officer and his remarks introducing the
several speakers were carefully presented
and splendidly received by the assembly.

The day following the open meeting and
after the good people of Atlanta had an
opportunity to see what we looked like,
and we did look mighty good even to our-
selves, to tell the truth, the press gave the
Organization the finest of compliments as
evidence of the good impression made by
our delegates and their friends. It is al-
ways pleasant to know we make a good im-
pression and to show the hearty good will
of Atlanta as shown by the press we quote
from the Georgian and News thus :

"The instinct of hospitality suggests a
welcome to visiting bodies before they make
their appearance upon the scene.

''But that hospitality is more genuine,
which, after the arrival of expected guests
and after close and critical inspection, finds
them gracious and charming and bids them
welcome from a deliberate and definite ap-
preciation of their gifts and graces.

"It is even so with the trainmen who are
here today. This splendid Organization has
not been a guest of Atlanta for many years
before. Their numbers have enlarged.
Steadily with the progress of time there
has come an enlargement of the caliber and
quality of the material which makes up the
Trainmen of the United Sutes and Canada.

"Peculiarly near to the commercial age
in which we live are these gentlemen who
pull the bell cords on our trains, whose
muscles wind the brakes that regulate the
going and the coming of the cars; whose
stalwart strength swings the baggage of the
traveler in and out upon the platform, and
whose fidelity and care and conscience make
up the safety and the comfort of modem
railway travel

"It may be said with perfect truth that
the Trainmen by their bearing and per-
sonal appearance have made instant friends
with Atlanta. They have borne themselves
so pleasantly and so amiably upon our
streets that their good cheer and their evi-

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dent comradeship have met an instant re-
sponse in the hearts and at the hands of
our people.

"And the welcome which the Trainmen
have had in Atlanta today is only a forecast
of the larger welcome with which, having
learned to know them, we shall be most
happy to welcome them to another annual
session of this Twentieth Century City of
the South."

Herewith follows a verbatim report of
the public meeting:

The exercises were opened by prayer by
Rev. W. W. Landrum, D. D., as follows:

.... We desire to recognize Thee
this evening as our Creator, our Benefactor,
our Preserver, our Father and the August
Judge before whose door we must all at
last appear to give an account of the deeds
done in the body. We glorify Thee for all
Thy loving kindnesses and tender mercy
unto all men, and for those provisions of
temporal and eternal salvation made clear
unto us by Thy work, wrought out by Thy
Son and made effective by Thy Holy Spirit.
We thank Thee for the blessings which
Thou hast bestowed upon our country, be-
ing grateful, as we are, for its peerless Con-
stitution, for its civil and religious liberty,
and for the large opportunities which it
offers for the development of our powers,
and for the working out of our careers;
and we come to ask Thou wilt always
guard our country, giving us domestic
peace, and preserving our harmony with all
the nations of the earth, and causing us
in all things to set them a worthy example.
And we come, especially at this time, to
thank Thee for Thy servants that constitute
the Brotherhood on whose behalf we in-
voke Thee and whose exercises this even-
ing we ask Thee to bless. We thank Thee
for all that they have ever done, for all
that they have accomplished for the behoof
x>f the citizenry throughout the length and
breadth of this broad land. We thank
Thee for their courage, for their fidelity,
for their useful service in many capacities,
and we ask that they may be strengthened
in heart and mind; we beseech Thee, who
art our God, give them sound judgment,
give them lofty ideals as an organization,
and as separate individuals, endow them.

we pray Thee, with all needful grace, and
enable them, guided by Thy Spirit, in all
their deliberations so to carry forward this
Brotherhood that it shall be a source of ad-
miration to their fellows in all the land.
Bless, we pray Thee, their present meeting;
may they do those things that bless them
and bless their Organization.
Our Father which art in Heaven, hallowed

be Thy name;
Thy Kingdom- come, Thy will be done
On earth even as it is done in Heaven ;
Give us this day our daily bread, and
Forgive us our trespasses as we forgive

those who trespass against us,
And lead us not into temptation, but de-
liver us from evil;
For Thine is the kingdom and the power
and the glory, forever, Amen.

Mr. Puckett introduced Capt. W. R. Joy-
ner, Atlanta's Mayor, as follows:
Ladies and Gentlemen:

The Grand Lodge of the Brotherhood of
Railroad Trainmen have extended to you
an invitation to meet with us here tonight,
in the only open meeting that will be held
during our stay of from ten days to two
weeks. It is needless to say that this is
the first time in the history of Atlanta that
the Trainmen have ever gathered in your
city. We are particularly pleased to see so
many of our local people present tonight,
and we trust that our exercises will prove
quite pleasant to you, for the short time
which we shall hold you here.

The first number is a welcome address
by the Governor, and I am pained to say
that I have just received a letter today
from the Governor, who is in New York,
which makes it absolutely impossible for
him to be with us tonight The letter I
will read:
"Hon W. C Puckett, Chairman, General

Committee, Atlanta, Ga.:

"Dear Mr. Puckett : I regret exceeding-
ly that I cannot comply with your request
to extend a welcome in behalf of Georgia
to the Order of Railway Trainmen on the
occasion of their assembling in convention
in Atlanta May 7th. It was my sincere wish
to be with your conunittee and to mingle
with the membership of this splendid Or-
ganization of brave and faithful men who

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stand in such close and heroic touch with
the lives of our people. It is necessary for
me to be absent from the city for severa.
days on business connected with Georgia's
educational advancement, and I know that
this explanation of my absence will com-
mend itself to the great gathering which
your committee has arranged to entertain.
Give your guests to understand that as
chief executive of the Empire State of the
South, I voice the feeling of every home*
lover in assuring them a full and hearty
welcome to Georgia's Capitol City, nor
should they be allowed to depart without
being impressed with the thought whether
the Governor is at home or abroad, a
Georgia welcome is so prompt, and cer-
tain that there is no danger of its being
delayed, sidetracked or wrecked.

"With the hope that the convention will
be an occasion of profit and pleasure, and
that each delegate will have a safe return
to hb home, I am, with sincere thanks for
your kind invitation^

"Yours very truly,

"J. M. Teriell."

(Great applause.)

I now take pleasure in introducing a gen*
tleman whom every man, woman and child
in Atlanta is personally acquainted with,
and who perhaps, many of you, regardless
of what part of the country you may have
hailed from, have probably read of,— of the
"Cap." and his little red wagon. I take
pleasure in introducing the Honorable
Mayor, W. R. Joyner, of this city. (Ap-
plause.)

Mayor Joyner addressed the meeting as
follows :

Mr. Chairman, President, Ladies and Gen-
tlemen :

I feel very much honored by being al-
lowed the privilege of welcoming to this
city such a noble body of men, and so many
pretty ladies. The local organization, I am
satisfied, has done all within their power to
make your stay with us pleasant, and I
trust you will enjoy yourselves.

Permit me, Mr. President, to present to
you the key of Atlanta. It is made out of
our good old (korgia pine, and I trust, sir,
you will accept it from the city and from
me personally. (Great applause.) (The

President bowed his acknowledgment, and
the speaker proceeded as follows:)

To the- members of the Organization, I
will say to you, that we have hung out the
white light, and you have a clear track ; all
you have to do now is to hang the red light
on the rear end and look out for the "High-
ball" (Loud and continued applause.)

Mr. Puckett then introduced Mr. C T.
Ladson, the attorney for the Organization
in Atlanta, as follows:

The next speaker, ladies and gentlemen,
will be a gentleman who has for years
given his time, his talent, and his money
towards organized labor, battling through
cold and through hot, day and night, for
the betterment of our condition ; the person
who drew the first Child Labor Bill that
was ever introduced in the State of Geor-
gia; the man who did more towards its
passage than any other one man; who has
for twelve years been the legal adviser and
counsellor of the Atlanta Federation of
Trades and the Georgia State Federation
of Labor. I take pleasure in introducing
the Honorable C T. Ladson, of Atlanu.
(Applause.)

Mr. Ladson addressed the meeting as fol-
lows:
Mr. Cliairman, Ladies and (Gentlemen of

the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen:

It is with very peculiar and decided pleas-
ure that, in behalf of the working people
of Georgia, we extend you a welcome to
Atlanta tonight, for it was my good for-
tune two years ago, at your Buffalo con-
vention, to extend the invitation from At-
lanta and from (korgia workingmen to you,
to visit us at this hour. I remember the
occasion, I remember the strong competi-
tive bids from other splendid cities, and I
remember the extreme pride and gratifica-
tion, when the vote was counted and At-
lanta won in a canter. (Applause.)

It is an especial pleasure to welcome the
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. (Ap-
plause.) I am not here to indulge in full-
some flattery; I do not usually indulge in
that commodity, but from the bottom of
my heart, and with utmost sincerity, I can
truly declare that Atlanta has never had
cause to feel greater pride in welcoming
guests within her gate than she has to-

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night in welcoming your truly magnificent
Order. (Loud and continued applause and
cheers.)

You have been tried and not found want-
ing, with a devotion to justice and fair
play to your employers, with a conservatism
and a love of law and order which has com-
mended your Order not only to the em-
ployers, but to the citizenry of our land
as well; officered by as sane and conserva-
tive and as clean a crowd of men as can be
found in the country, the last two decades
has seen such splendid work, of such or-
der, that I repeat again, that never in the
history of this fair city has a better, a
more splendid Organization come within
her gates. (Applause.)

The Cieorgia Federation of Labor is con-
servative, too. Indeed, Simon pure mem-
bers of organized labor all over the coun-
try are true blue and conservative. (Ap-
plause.) Conservatism does not mean cow-
ardice nor weakly yielding to unjust de-
mands. It means manliness, fairness, love
of law and order, love of country and love
of (jod and man. (Applause.) That is the
definition of conservatism that I speak of
tonight Georgia workingmen are thus im-
bued with noble feelings and aspirations;
they do not want anything but what is just,
and it is with such an organization, such an
Organization as the B. of R. T. that the
(korgia Federation of Labor feels a kin-
dred spirit and bids me voice such senti-
ments tonight. (Applause.)

Your Order in 1885 had less than 6,000
members ; in 1895, when Mr. Morrissey as-
sumed the chieftainship, it had but about
18,000; tonight, from Canada, the young
Titon of the North, to Mexico of the fair
South, 90,000 members answer to the roll
call, with an increase of over 1,500 per
month. Truly, it is one of the largest or-
ganizations, numerically, in the world. Dur-
ing these last twenty years, you have paid
out to wounded brother and grieving widow,
nearly fourteen million dollars; there are
a hundred million dollars of good insur-
ance, first-class insurance, on your books
tonight; and sad it is that the B. of R. T.
man needs insurance, for one of the most
pathetic records of the Order is that an
average of one out of sixty or sixty-two

fall at their posts of duty, seriously injured
or killed. The past year, nearly 1,400 of
your brethren have fallen at this post of
duty. It is sufficient to make the blood
around the heart grow chilled. But, as I
say, officered by such men as Morrissey and
Dodge and King and the others, your in-
terests are safe; your officers are entitled
to sit in the **seats of the mighty." Yoar
Grand Chief, Mr. Morrissey, cool, calm,
clear-headed, as brave as a lion, as loyal
as loyalty can be, has truly earned for you
and for himself a lasting reputation
throughout the land. (Great applause.)

I said that organized labor was true blue
and conservative; occasionally, I say oc-
casionally, those sometimes masquerading
under the name of organized labor do cruel
harm to you and the vast rank and file of
organized labor throughout the land. Oc-
casionally, demagogues and flannel-mouthed
agitators and murderous anarchists using
the name of organized labor as destroyers
of liberty, in ages past, have committed
crimes in the name of liberty, but, thank God,
the American workingman as a whole, at
bottom, is a lover of law and order and a
lover of the flag, and will not bring dis-
repute upon his brethren or upon the flag.
Occasionally, dastards defiling the name of
the American workingmen, few but far be-
tween,— and I thank God that the South is
free from it, — the hoodlums march under
the red rag and the accompaniment of La
Marseillaise; but the American working-
man is satisfied with Old Glory and the
Star Spangled Banner. (Great applause.)

I bespoke for Atlanta, in inviting you,
gentlemen, here, sunny skies and flowers
and fairest of fair women. Have I deliv-
ered the goods? (A voice: Yes, you sure
have.) (Loud and tumultuous applause.)
They are here ; they will welcome you with
open arms (Great applause) — ^not the
ladies! (Applause, and a voice: "Bring
'em on. Applause.) They wear their
hearts upon their sleeves, at least, gentle-
men, and will try to give you the time of
your lives. We are proud of this little
"Cracker" city you see here, built up since
Sherman passed here forty years ago, —
proud of it down to the ground, and I have
no doubt, that when you have stayed here

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about ten days, that, like the balance of us, the betterment of the American working-
you will be thorough-paced, thorough-going man (great applause) and as such, the
Atlantians. working people of Atlanta bid you wel-

T ♦i,n«i, ^r.,. n«^ T n«. »UA f« eo« «/^., ^^"^^ ^* ^^^ X^" wdcome to the City of
I tnank you, and I am glad to see you .,,..,, - , . -
u^^^ ♦rv«j«i,* •« T «.,« „^„ ;« Ti^ffoi.^ *^r. Atlanta, m the name of thousands of wom-
here tonight, as I saw you m Buffalo two , . ... # •
««o^. o«« ^Tr.«« ooc.1n«c-»^ ^"» ^he wives and daughters of our work-
years ago. (Long applause.) . ... _.^ \ .„ ^ ,

mgmen of this City, who will watch your

Mr. Puckett then introduced Mr. Jerome every act and every motion, feeling that
Jones, as follows: what is done by your Convention may at

Were I introducing to an Atlanta au- sometime relieve them of much drudgery

dience the gentleman whom I shall now a«^^ perhaps penury and want We recog-

introduce, I would say only two words, "«« what you have done for the working-

and I am not going to make any excep- ^^^f we recognize the things you have done

tions in this case,— Jerome Jones. that has brought the American working-

.,- _ - ,, -,, men to the position they now hold and citi-

Mr. Jerome Jones then addressed the ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^.j^ ^p^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^

meeung as follows: ^^^^^ ^j^^^ ^^„ ^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^_

Mr. Cliairman, Ladies and (Gentlemen, ingmen of Atlanta, speaking to woridng-

Delegates to the Convention of the Broth- ^en, we bid you welcome here to your own

erhood of Railroad Trainmen: houses, to your own home,— the working

(A voice: Louder, louder.) I wish I people of Atlanta bid me say to you that
could I It does indeed give me very great they bid you welcome in the name of the
pleasure in bidding the delegates to this thousands of little children just lisping the
Convention a welcome to Atlanta. There mme of "mamma" and "papa",— ii^ the
is a close affiliation between the Railroad name of those (great applause), hoping
Trainmen and the various labor organiza- that you may by your legislation make their
tions of this country. I would that I had lives easier in the future than their parents*
the power and the time to portray the in- have been in the past; in the name of the
debtcdness that we owe that great organi- working people of Atlanta and thousands
zation. It is a peculiar pleasure, I say, to of little children, hoping that by your leg-
welcome the delegates of the Trainmen to islation. your acts and your motions, may
the city of Atlanta. Not only the trades make it much easier upon, not the field of
organizations, but the working people battle, made gory and red with the blood
throughout the country are not unmindful of men merely, but that the industrial field,
of the value of the services that have been the peaceful fields, might be made brighter
rendered by the Trainmen to the various for them in the future. (Applause.) We
organizations of this country, nor are they bid you welcome, a hearty welcome, to this
inappreciative of not only the services, but home, and I want to say to you that, as
the pecuniary services that have been ren- working people of Atlanta, we do not yield
dered from time to time when such organ- ^ jot in our loyalty to the American flag,—
izations as theirs have been in need. ^^ want to bid you welcome here, as

We desire to welcome you to Atlanta to- American workingmen to American work-
night as working people; as working peo- ingmen, we look right into the whites of
pie, the working people of Atlanta stretch your eyes, and see the same blood cours-
out their arms to you. figuratively and in ing through your veins as courses through
fact, and bid you welcome, a hearty wel- ours, and whether you come from the
come to our City. (Applause.) North or the East, the working people de-

The working people of Atlanta know full sire to say to you tonight, they bid me say

well what has brought you here ; they real- that while the old veterans of both sides

ize why you have come; they know it is fought for home and fireside, and as they

not all pleasure that has brought you here; marched through the streets, whether it be

you have left your homes in distant cities, in the north or in the south, some lame and

you have come to Atlanta to legislate, to deformed from what they had gone

perform acts and motions that stand for through, we would not take from them one

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 535

jot of the credit that is commg to them, we that it is possible for us to say and to point
would not, when the good ladies here on to our record with pride as having plenty
the sidewalk wave their handkerchiefs to of funds to finance the deal,— I take pleas-
the men»— we would not detract from them ure in introducing to you, a man who is
jone jot, but we do desire to say, gentle- beloved by 91,000 B. of R. T. men, Broth-
men of this convention, that there are no er P. H. Morrissey. (Tumultuous applause
greater heroes in the various battles of the and cheers for the Grand Master.)
Ute Civil War. none that « deserving of ^^ j^^^. ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^
more credit, none who are entitled to great- jj,g ^ follows:
er consideration than the men of this con- j r- ,
vention and the similar conventions, who ^^"^ *"'' Gentlemen:
are fighting for industrial peace, and who . In performmg my duty tonight as a good
are fighting for a standard of Uving.-men head-brakeman I wiU go forward with my
and women who deserve tiie highest praise sw'teh key and open the switch (great ap-

(Loud and continued applause.) *•'*!«"> *"** ^^'^ t*"'* ^; <>* ^ T" '<'"™«*

..... /!..,. .£ *"■»"> •« on to Atlanta s passing trade

It IS mdeed a fight for home and fire- ^.,^ ^^^^ ^^ ^.„ ^^j^^ ^ ^^^

side. It .s not merely a figure of speech; ^^ ^g ^^ ^^ j„ ^^ ,^ ^^^^^ ^^^^

we, who have done kbor smce our arms (^,,1 applause) and load up (laughter and

to battle and battle for rights. Gentlemen of ,„j ^^^^ q^^^^ hospitality. (Great
tins Convention, I desire to say to you that app^^je.) Our engine will take water o*-
for one, I never did believe that there was a ^^^ (^^j,j„ ^^^ applause) at your Lithia
conflict between capital and labor. There tj,„,^ (Uughter and applause.) We will do
u at times tiirough the arrogance of some considerable switching; occasionally one of
purse-proud fool or some demagogue on the ^„, „^^ ^j,, ^j^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^ j^ ^.„ ^^^
other side, who occasionally does make a ^y ^^^^ ^j y,^y ^j„ ^^^^ ^^^^4^^^ p^^^^y
little local war. but tiiere cannot, nor wiU ^ard (laughter and applause) but after aU
not. nor never will be a conflict between ^f our work has been done, after our switch
capital and labor ;-organized labor is so ^i^^ j,,,, ^een cleared up. and tiic head-
entrenched in public opinion that capital brakeman proceeds to open the switch tiiat
dare not say "come one jot further." On pen^jts our train to leave Atlanta, and af-
the other hand, the labor unions of this ^^ ^^^ conductor has registered "out," I
country, as your own, are so filled with ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^.^^ ^^^^ j^, ^^^j^^

self-respect and so full of the rights of ^^ the representatives of your City and
others, knowing and demanding the same g^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ „^ ^^^^ ^j ^^^^ ^^^^^^ .„ ^^
rights for tiiemse Ives, It precludes a pos- ^ut of Convention will you be sorry we
sibihty of personal conflict of any kind. ^ave side-tracked here. (Long and contin-

Ladies and gentlemen and delegates to ^^^ applause.)
this Convention, again we say that we bid taking a retrospect view of the struggles
you welcome to your own houses, to your j^^ ^^^^ Christianizing and moralizing influ-
own home. (Long and continued applause.) ^^ ^j organization among workmen. I

Mr. Pudcett then introduced the Grand was impressed this evening to witness this
Master, Mr. Morrissey, as follows: splendid labor meeting opened with prayer.

The next gentleman I will introduce to Years ago. when workmen were without
you tonight, though the majority of you the elevating influences of organization,
need no introduction, but to you who do whenever they would assemble for any pur-
not know him quite so well as we, I desire pose, instead of their meeting being opened
to say that it is he who has steered our by prayer, it might have been opened by a
old ship along so safely and never ran us corkscrew or a bung starter. (Laughter.)
up against any rocks or billows, and he to- The meetings of practically every labor as-
'day stands the beloved Grand Master of the sociation are opened in the name of God ;
greatest labor organization in the world. His name is the basis of the Christian labor
(Loud and continued applause and cheers.) movement, it is one of the essential require-
It has been through his careful guidance ments of membership that a man must be-

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lieve in Almighty God, and any man who is paid one death or total and pennanent dis-
byal to his Maker will never be disbyal to ability claim, you can understand the force
his family, his country or his fraternity, of my statement when I say there are no
(Applause.) better or braver men in our industrial life.

"It has been my good fortune to represent "The report of the interstate commerce
our Brotherhood on many previous like oc- commission for the year ending June 30th,
casions. It has always been a pleasure to 1906, shows that there were 595,456 men
meet the general public, explain our organ- employed in the transportation service, and
ization's purposes and achievements, and to that of this number 55,524 were either killed
set forth briefly what we believe its mis- or injured. There are few, if any, battle-
sion in life to be. We have been honored field records that equal this yearly showing
by being royally welcomed by the chief ex- of death and disaster— this tribute of hu-
ecutives of other cities where we have as* man life and distressing injury paid by
sembled, and have felt perfectly at home by these soldiers in the great army of com-
their municipal firesides, but never before merce. One of the most distinguished
have we received warmer welcome, or more judges on the federal bench, Hon. Emory
earnest assurances of personal and civic Speer, whose citizenship Georgia proudly
regard, than we have this evening from claims, in a recent decision sustaining the
your representatives. constitutionality of the National Employers

"Atlanta, of historic memory, has opened Liability act, said of the service to their
her gates and received us as her friends country of the railway men: 'But Con-
and brothers. Something of a diflference ?^«« ^^ at length determined that there
between the days of '64 and now, and we shall be a uniform law for the protection of
fervently hope and pray that there will that army of more than a million of men
never again come a time when as between engaged in interstate traffic, an army whose
citizens of a common country issues will courage, decision, patriotism and intelli-
arise as a result of which the smoke of the gcnce may not be surpassed.*
cannon will supplant the smoke of industry. "The Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen

"The delegates to this convention, to the is a fraternal, insurance, protective assoda-
number of 760, represent their associate tion, twenty-four years of age. In its com-
workmen on every line of railway in the paratively short life, as we measure time.
United States and Canada. They have come it has paid almost fourteen millions of dol-
to your city to carefully consider such ques- lars in death and total disability claims ; it
tions as they believe will better conserve has increased wages and decreased hours of
the interests of their organizations, and, in service for the classes of employes that it
turn, confer corresponding advantages on represents, that mean an average increase
all workers. They represent 90,000 as good in earning capacity per man of more than
men as can be found anywhere on earth. 50 per cent Its fraternity is not of the
Their right to be so called has been proved high-sounding kind that contents itself with
in the terrible story of injury and death attending the last sad obsequies of the de-
that is annually told. When it b remem* parted," but it is the kind that stands by a
bered that each year the railroad men suf- man through life, that makes the fellowdiip
fer casualties in number equal to the entire of association a living evidence of the
army of the United States, the awful sacri* brotherhood of man.
fice necessary to carry forward the trans- "When it comes to the parting of the
portation business of these two great coun- ways, and the passing over into the Great
tries can better be appreciated. Beyond, the Brotherhood is there steadying

"In this country, where the professional the faltering life shadow with assurances of
risk of dangerous occupation annually protection for those left behind^ and after
claims a half million victims, there is no life's course has been run, it reaches out
one class that sacrifices so much of life and its strong arm of benevolence, and takes
limb as our brothers of the rail. When I care of the widowed and fatherless. There
tell you that in the year 1906 for every arc not so many fancy allegories attached
sixty-two members of the Brotherhood we to our fraternal feature, but there is that

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feeling of mutual concern that is to be pendent to the extent of the ability of his

found only where all mterests are in com- organization to make him sa Without an

mon. We say we will protect our brother organization, he may retain all of his per-

and we do it quietly, sympathetically and, sonal liberty as it relates to a division of

we believe, effectively. it with his fellows, but he has none at all

The brotherhood is in full sympathy when he asks for work, and must accept

with all honestly organized and rightly man- s^ch wages as his employer allows, or take

aged labor organizations. It does not qucs- ^^ personal liberty over the hills to the

tion the right of any organization to man- P<^' house. We do not stand for that kind

age its affairs according to its own ideas, ^^ personal liberty.

and it reserves to itself the same right ; but "The progressive labor organization of

when other organizations presume to un- today is an effective force for general good,

warrantedly interfere with us in the exer- It is not working for the immediate pres-

dse of our rights, and to question the poli- ent only, but for the future. Every move it

cy of the Brotherhood when it is carrying makes is for all time. Questions of expe-

out its obligations fairly and squarely, ac- diency that promise temporary results are

cording to its laws, then we say most em- not set above substantial principles of per-

phatically, liands off.' manency. We do not follow the will o'

"We recognize the right of t, cry man to the wisp of the moment, however alluring
work and earn his living. Further than >t may be, but stand fast to those policies
that, we recognize the necessity for every that endure. We build slowly, but we build
man to take care of himself and his fam- ^o** all time. We cannot sacrifice reputation
ily, consistent with the best established liv- ^^r momentary gain. We realize that our
ing standards. We do not interfere with word must be as good as our bond, and I
the right of any man to work unless he Joiow I speak advisedly when I say that
attempts to work for wages that mean a there are about 90,000 members of this or-
lower standard of living for ourselves, and ganization who stand with me in declaring
then we do object in no unccrtein manner, that they will abide by their agreements
It may even interfere with what is often with their employers when they have been
mistakenly referred to as the personal lib- regularly made, regardless of what others
crty of the individual. Rather, it seems to may say concemmg us.
us as personal abuse of liberty; for where "There is no half-way policy with the
is there exercise of liberty when an em- Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen on this
ploye works for wages that will not house, vital principle of labor organization con-
feed and clothe him and his family? Where duct Here and there certain ones have
is there liberty when a man accepts a wage been led astray, but the organization itself
that he knows will not permit him to live will always stand to its contracts and carry
without the assistance of charity? This out its obligations. One of the most dif-
question of personal liberty is much mis- ficult lessons that organized labor has to
rq>resented, and particularly so when the learn is to keep its word inviolate. The
workman has the choice between starva- Brotherhood is recognized as fair and
tion wages and the alms house. above board in its dealings, and its reputa-

"We stand for the independent work- tion for business integrity is not challenged

man; not for the individual, but for the by either the employer or the fair-minded

mass taken collectively, and working as an members of other organizations. It is a

individual It is the highest form of the pleasure also to say that our associate or-

labor organization movement It deprives ganizations in the service have been just as

the workman of his liberty only to the ex- insistent in following the same policy,

tent that he shares in his self-government "The labor organizations of this country

with others, just as you and I sacrifice our have been the economic schools in which

individuality when we obey the laws of our the masses have been brought together, and

country. We are free and independent to their ideas of living standards raised and

this extent and no further. So k is with assimilated with those of the better paid

(be man m an organization. He is inde- classes of wage workers. They often arc

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the only school the woricman has ever
known. They afford men an opportunity
of training themselves in self-government
and the art of discipline. I know many men
who gained their education after they came
to the Brotherhood and saw the advanta-
ges their fellows had as compared with their
own. They came to it without purpose,
without economic knowledge of any kind,
with their ideas distorted by false and prej-
udiced theories. It has been the work of
the Brotherhood to open their eyes to a
knowledge of right, to start them correctly
as to the relation of the citizen to the state,
and of the employe to their employer.

"We have given our attention to legisla-
tion that is intended to protect every man,
woman and child in employment; to secure
the same application of law to every person
living under its jurisdiction, and to bring
about a condition wherein the man can be
the bread winner, the woman the queen of
the fireside, and the children can go to the
school and the playground instead of to the
loom, to the machine or out into the street
In all things we strive for a better working
and living condition, and a consequently
higher degree of citizenship.

"Primarily we are for peace, and we are
for it all the time under proper conditions.
Strikes are drastic and especially so where
the interests of the public are so closely
interwoven as they are with the railway.
The past year has demonstrated that we are
not inclined to take unfair advantage of a
situation, for labor has been scarce, par-
ticularly experienced railroad labor.

**Wc will confer a long time before we
will strike, but if the necessity comes and
there is nothing else to be honorably done,
we will strike and strike hard. But where
intelligent thought governs an organization,
there is not mudi danger of a strike if both
employer and employe will be but half fair.
As organizations become experienced, their
degree of intelligence, is increased, and
there is less danger of strikes, but the asso-
ciation of worlanen, no matter what its
name or policy, that forgets how to fight
when necessity compels it, is hardly a labor
organization. Perhaps it thinks it Is, but
it is mistaken. It is like an army with ban-
ners, but without guns.

'"The Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen

has no need to apologize for its perform-
ances during the years of its existence. It
has done its work conscientiously and well
In its dealings it has striven to be fair and
just to all Instead of arraying employe
against employer, class against dass, it has
been the 'constant endeavor of this organi-
zation to establish mutual confidence and
create and maintain harmonious relations,'
and it has contributed its full share toward
securing rightful relations between labor
and capital, which, after all, is the best
guarantee of industrial peace.

'Xike everything else of human origm, it
has made mistakes. It makes them still,
but it succeeds in spite of them. It stands
for its methods not because it fears the em-
ployersy but because It thinks it is in the
right lu twenty years this organization
has revolutionize the moral. Intellectual
and material conditions of the men we rep-
resent

'Trom a disorganized, underpaid, unrec-
ognized and unappreciated mass, we have
reared the splendid structure that Is ours
today. From an unthinking, dependent set
of men we have become a positive, active
and Intellectual force.

''We have waged war when war was nec-
essary, but our greatest triumphs are those
of peace.** (Long and continued applause.)

Upon completion of the Grand Master's
address, Mr. Puckctt introduced Hon. F. A.
Burgess, as follows:

There are many of you here tonight who
will appreciate the position you have been
in, in numbers of times in the past ; we have
with us tonight, a gentleman who repre-
sents a class of men who are very closely
allied to the Trainmen, and who are very
much beloved by the Trainmen, and who
never go anywhere unless the Trainmen go
with them, and who never start out but
that they get there ahead of the Trainmen,
and who have always loaned a willing and
a helping hand to the Trainmen. Many
have been the times that they have come
back half way to meet you and borrow a
little of your black oil ; at other times you
have run along the side of the car to carry
a little "dope** to put in the driving box
to make that run cold; they have run back
to you when you were near the front end
of their train and held the flambeau for

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yon to pttt a brass in ; they have done many I have no hesitancy in saying, and I chal-
things to assist you on the line» ever willing lenge contradiction from any source what-
and ready to assist you, and tonight I have ever, when I say that the ladies connected
the pleasure of introducing the Assistant with the homes of the railway men have
Chief Engineer of the Brotherhood of Lo- never received the credit they so richly
comotive Engineers, Brother F. A. Bur- deserve. This great transportation interest
gess. (Loud applause.) cannot be carried on only by a well-cared

^- „ ^, J . , ^. ^ ^ for brain, and that can not be accomplished

Mr Burgess then addressed the meeting ^^^ ^^ , ^ai^;,,,i for body; and the clean
as f 01 ows . Ij^j^^ ^^ ^^ well-prepared food is what

Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, and ^^^ ^ j^rgc part of the safety to the rail-
I think I have the right to use the words ^^y travel today. (Great applause.) Not
•brothers and Sisters": only that,— and I want, my friends, to ask

It has been said by some eminent man you not to charge me with being guilty of
that there comes a time in every person's flattery, because it is beyond the power of
life where he or she is brought to the full any "lan, no matter how eloquent he might
realization of their littleness; and I am be, to flatter a good woman. (Great ap-
ready to attest to this grand body tonight, plause.) She deserves everything that he
that in no time in my life have I longed can say complimentary in regard to her.
for the eloquence of some of our distin- Now then, the ladies of the railway men,
guished gentlemen in order that I might and in fact, the ladies of all the American
more fittingly and more properly extend people, are the custodians of the home;
to you the fraternal greetings, the good they are the trainers and the tutors of the
wishes and the prayers of the Brotherhood future American citizen. I care not who
of Locomotive Engineers, any more than I you place in the Presidential chair, who
do now. (Applause.) That is not flattery; you send to your legislative halls, as long
that comes from the very fullness of my as you retain the love of the American
heart, and I know that I voice the senti- *>ome, your republic is safe under all kinds
ments of 58,000 Engineers when I speak as of circumstances. (Great applause.) Long,
I do. (Great applause.) long after the old mother is laid away in

It is not to be wondered that an ex- J^^** «^*^«' *^« ^^ ^'^^ys her teachings and
pression of that kind would come to the ^^^ commands; so, my brothers, when you
great organization which you have the hon- ^""^^ y^"'' ^*^'««' ^^«^ yo" *r« «^^^^ ^y
or to represent You have made such a **^«' <^""s^3 ^"^ ^^^^^^ J^' so long will
wonderful growth,-and when I say won- ^^"^ organization prosper, regardless of
derful growth, I do not mean numerically, ^*^^ "% ^«^^^ '\ ^'"^"^ ^y ^'"'^'^ ^^^^■
because that would be a growth without ^^«^- <^^^^ applause.)
wonder, but you have astounded the world Now, just a few words, for I will not
by the wonderful improvement you have trespass upon your time,— -in regard to la-
made in your general character, under the bor organizations. I believe it is quite
proficient leadership of the illustrious gen- proper and fitting that we should talk along
tleman who sits on your platform tonight that line, because we have some gentlemen
(Applause.) I have only had the pleasure here tonight who perhaps are not affiliated
of knowing, or becoming acquainted with, with any labor organization. We all know
Brother Morrissey a very short time, but that for ages past, this great question has
long before I knew him even by sight, I confronted labor and capital. Perhaps the
knew of his reputation, and his work to- first labor organization, or revolt, as it was
gether with his associates places you in the termed at that time, began in England in
exalted position that you occupy tonight the year 1381. From that time until the
Another very pleasing testimonial to me in present day, the conflict has never wholly
regard to your general character and your ceased ; but in the past few years the great
manliness, and must be to every man, that question has changed its complexion to
is, that you are accompanied here so largely some extent, and has drifted into the prob-
by your ladies. (Great applause.) lem of whether labor organizations are not

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640 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

detrimental to the best interests of the pec- destroys the independence of the Amen-
pie, looking at the matter both from a can workmen. Now, the speaker can read-
commercial and a social stand-point To ily miderstand why any argument arising
my mind, the matter is so clear that I have on independence would appeal to the
not the slightest hesitancy in saying that American people, for I am absolutely as-
no well conducted labor organization has tonished that any man would so thoroughly
ever been detrimental to the best interests hoodwink himself to the extent that he
of the people, looking at the matter from would believe that an argument of that
any standpoint you may choose. (Ap- kind would be believed in an intelligent
plause.) Neither do I believe there is ten- class of people. Collectively, you have a
able ground for any man that is broad- voice in your compensation; individually
minded to view the matter differently, pro- you have none; you are simply told what
viding his vision is not obscured, or his you are to receive, and in many instances,
sense of justice measured by the circum- you are not accorded that privilege,
ference of a doMar. (Long and continued it is absolutely ridiculous, as Brother
applause.) Capital and labor are the two Morrisscy has stated, only in a little dif-
agents that operate on the raw material to fercnt words, to talk about a man exercis-
produce results. One absolutely valueless ing his own free wUl when his existence is
without the other, both being equally in- {„ jeopardy. It is true when he can sec
dispensable, there can be no good reason hjs hungry children in destitute circum-
advanced why both should not share just sunces it will quickly bring him to the
and equitable results, or rather, I should fuH realization of his helpless and his hope-
have stated, a just and equitable share of ]ess condition.

the results produced, and because labor is ^^^y^^^ ^^e most amusing charge against
organized, or because a man is chosen a j^^o^ organizations is that it creates, or
leader of a labor organization that is no ^^^y^^^^ ^j,at some of the leaders are not
reason to beheve that he or his organi- prompted by the welfare of their constitu-
zation, is unfriendly or unfair to capital, ents,~that they are bribe takers. The
because if he or his organizaHon were an- ^^^^^^^ jg ^jui^g ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ j„ 3^^^
tagonistic to capital, he would be labor's instances, that is true, but in the sight of
worst enemy, for capital is very timid, and God and man, a bribe taker is no more de-
if treated unfriendly, will quickly withdraw, testable than a bribe giver, and there can
and a universal withdrawal of capital cer- be no bribe taker if there is no bribe giver,
tainly and surely means universal suffer- ^^ j£ i^bor is responsible for the creation
ing among those that toil. Again we are of the bribe taker then I ask you, in the
told by our opponents that a leader of a name of all fairness, who creates the bribe
labor organization becomes a dictator. My giver? (Great and continued applause.)
brothers and friends, no well conducted la- ^y^ ^re again told that labor organiza-
bor organization is governed in any other tions interfere with the commercial devel-
manner only by the will of the majority, ^p^ent of the country, which can be refut-
and instead of being a dictator, he is, to a ed by simply pointing to the wonderful
very great extent, their servant So that grrowth within the past seven or eight years,
argument is very weak indeed, and if you jhe commercial development has exceeded
could follow him through his different coun- the most sanguine expectations of our
sels, you would find him at all times coun- greatest and ablest financiers, while labor
seling for conservatism and wisdom, and organizations have trebled tiieir member-
much of the conservatism that has attracted ship. So my friends, let us take a view
national attention can be directly traced in from the social standpoint; and I believe
many instances to their leaders, and that the facts will bear us out more than they
remark is very applicable to the Grand do from a commercial standpoint, because
Master of the Brotherhood of Railway it is a well known fact the closer you are
Trainmen. (Great applause.) We are to poverty, the nearer you are to crime,
further told, and I was somewhat impressed and crime of the very worst sort,— that of
with Brother Morrissey*s rcmarks,--that it sending your children to the workshops, to

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the factories, and to the coal mines; and honorable life, so that your Grand Master,
it is a matter of record in this g^reat coun- or whoever is representing him, can walk
try that children 7, 8, 9 years old work six into any office and say, "You may get men
days in the week, ten hours a day, for the but you never can get the men or duplicate
sum of 54 cents. Think of it, my brothers the ones that the Brotherhood of Railway
and friends! Little children working for Trainmen can furnish you.'* (Great ap-
nine cents a day, — baby men and baby plause.) That is not hard to do; all you
women sacrificed for the greed of a few need do is be gentle, listen to the teachings
dollars. If such an act of that kind is not of your mother, the advice of your sisters
a hot-bed for the cultivation of crime and and your wives, and the teachings of your
immorality it certainly and surely casts a organization, and some day your organiza,-
blot upon the pages of American history, tion will grow, its influence extend wider
(Applause.) It is a desecration of the and wider, tmtil we shall see that grand
graves of our honoiled forefathers who old bird of prey, the American eagle, perch-
founded the American Republic. It makes ed on the highest pinnacle of fame, grasp-
a burlesque out of our oft repeated procla- ing in one talon the stars and stripes, and
mation that there shall be no slavery with- in the other the insignia of Capital and
in the boundary lines of the United States. Labor. (Great applause.)
This Republic spent billions of dollars and Now in conclusion, my brothers, let me
countless lives to unshackle the negro, and once more say to you on behalf of the or-
yet you will chain baby men and baby ganization which I have the honor to rep-
women to the loom, to the factory ; think of resent, that we wish you God-speed in your
the girls sent to the factory at eight years deliberations — ^you have our kindest, our
old to stay there until she arrives at wom- best wishes, fraternally and any other way
anhood; should she then be the woman to that you want to term it, — ^and we only
train and tutor American citizens? She is trust and pray that He who rules the uni-
no more fitted to do that than a person who verse will spare your lives and give you
never had any training at all. health and strength and mind to enact the

No my brothers and sisters, if labor or- laws that will redound to the credit of your
ganization never did anything only loan organization, and such is the prayer and
their hands to destroy a practice of that wish of 58,000 Locomotive Engineers,
kind it would then erect a monument that (Great and continued applause and cheers.)
would stand for time immemorial. (Great Mr. Puckett then introduced the next
applause.) speaker, Hon. L. S. Coffin, of Iowa as fol-

So, when we view the matter from all lows:
standpoints, I believe there will be very lit- I now take pleasure in introducing to
tie room to complain of labor organiza- you, and especially to the younger dele-
tions. As long as labor respects the rights gates, the delegates who have not attended
of capital, and realizes that capital must be before and who are here at their first Con-
protected by wise and equitable laws, and vention, a good old gentleman, who has fol-
capital recognizes the rights of labor and lowed us up; who attends all of our Con-
realizes that it must have equal protection, ventions,— a gentleman whom we meet and
and both recognize and honor the rights of who meets us with the glad hand, and whom
the American people, I say that strikes will we are always proud to see, and he is always
be known by memory only, and it will lead proud to see us,— the Honorable L. S. Cof-
to American commercial supremacy, as well fin, of Iowa. (Great applause.)
as to the abolition of those human institu- Mr. Coffin then addressed the meeting
tions that exaggerate the differences between as follows :

man and man, giving to some unlimited Mr. Chairman, Ladies and (jentelemen, —
weahh that is unearned, crushing others Delegates to this Convention:
with poverty that is undeserved. (Great It is with a great deal of good feeling, a
applause.) great deal of pleasure that I am permitted

So, my friends, let us continue along the to stand before this great audience tonight
same lines; let us live an upright, clean, I want you to be in sympathy with me;

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

and if I was in a religious meeting I might
say I wish you would pray for me while I
talk. But I have your good wishes, and
the inspiration from that is grand.

For some reason, I have been somewhat
in a reminiscent state of feeling and thought
tonight, while trying to hear these other
people who were talking, and little could I
get, but I made myself bold to move up
here, and I got considerable of what the
last two speakers said ; I am fortunate about
my hearing just now. I have tried to take in
the situation as regards myself and my re-
lations to this present surrounding. It may
seem a little strange to many of you as you
look me in the face, if I say that I am older,
that I antedate all the railroads of America.
I am older than any of the railroads of
America, and when I realized that, sitting
here, and thought of the present state of
affairs I said to myself, "Can it be pos-
sible?'* Possible that such a great change
and many changes have taken place in my
short life? But it is so; it is so. And
then I thought, why is it that I am here?
I am not a railroad man; I was, a
while, living in Ohio some five or six or
seven years, I was somewhat engaged on
a peculiar kind of railroad. Some of you
folks didn't like me for it, but that is all
passed now; they used to call it under-
ground railroad. I was made that way, I
suppose. I could not help it. But the pres-
ent surroundings 1 Think of it! Think of
it! The rapid development of the rail-
roads in this nation, and think of this great
organization of which this dear brother
here, I mean here (pointing to the Grand
Master) is at the head, with his associates
here standing at the head of this great Or-
ganization, almost a hundred thousand
strong, able-bodied men, the very pick of
the wage earners of this nation, the very
cream of the labor in these railroad Organi-
zations, the very qream. (Great applause.)
And it is no flattery; I am only stating the
facts that those outside, any other occupa-
tions they take up with are what the rail-
roads won't have. I am a plodding farmer,
an agriculturist, I like good hands, good
men, and once in a while, when there is not
much freighting going on, some of the boys
come over to Willow Edge farm and

help me through haying and harvesting, and
they are mighty good help, too. (Great ap-
plause.)

Well, I wianted to speak of another thing.
In 1883 a letter came to me one day from
the Governor of the State of Iowa, and
that letter was a commission making me
one of the Railroad Commissioners of our
State. We had a board of three ; one had
resigned, who is now the Secretary of Ag-
riculture of this nation,— we called him at
home "Tamer Jim," but at Washington they
call him "The Honorable James Wilson."
(Great applause.) And there was another
Congressman, Senator Wilson of our State,
and to distinguish them, we all spoke of this
man James, as *Tamer Jim," and he and I
have worked together many and many a
day in the State Associations for Agricul-
ture IN OUR Stete. He is one of tlfose,—
there are about a dozen of us;— they used to
call the old guard,— watching for the inter-
ests of the farmers of Iowa. But to go back
to that Conunission; I thought of it while
sitting here tonight,— a peculiar co-incident,
—your labor organization bom about the
time I was bom a Railroad Commissioner.

Now, what is this labor organization, and
what is it for? I suppose Grand Master
Morrissey has told you, — I got a little of it
too ; you will pardon me if I repeat a little.
Why did it come into being; how happened
it? Why, way back in those days,— I wish
we could keep in mind something of those
old days,— all sorts and kinds of couplings,
— and back at those times, too, the wages
were wonderfully exorbitant wages, you
know, fifteen, or sixteen, and sometimes,
after a man had been at it a while, twenty
dollars, and perhaps a little higher— $25.00
a month. And away from home a good
deal, you couldn't very well take your din-
ners along, or your bed along to lodge away
from home, but they would lodge In the
cars, and pretty often, — you see the per cent
here, but back there the per cent of those
injured was a very large per cent, — and
those boys, well, they were like you and I
were when we were boys, — ^wc wanted a
house of our own and a wife of our own
and have children of our own, but the
question was, Jiow to feed them. And
another thought would come to them,

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54?

"supposing I get injured so that I can-
not work any longer; supposing I get
killed; what is my wife going to do; how
arc my children to get along." And they
talked it over among themselves, and one
day they said 'let's go down to the yard
and we will get into that old caboose over
there and we will talk this over." And so,
a dozen — was there a dozen, Mr. Morris-
sey? Eight! Eight I eight of them got in
there and talked it over. Now, how must
we do? This passing the hat around when
one of our brothers is killed to get a little
bit for the wife and children soon became
an old story; it won't be much, and seems
to me we ought to do something; let's fix
something; supposing we enter into an
agreement now, — ^we eight bind ourselves
that if one of us gets killed, the seven will
give so much to the wife, and that com-
pact was entered into, and that was the
start of this great organization that you
are entertaining, Mr. Mayor, here to-
night I did not know anything about it
until after I had been on that Commission
Board a year or so, and I saw in the papers
that there was to be a labor organization,
the railroad men labor were to have their
meeting in Burlington, in my State, about
150 or 200 miles from where our oflSce was,
and I read that paper, and I said, now what
does that amount to; now, what is that?
I have heard about the Locomotive Engi-
neers being a Brotherhood, but here are
some brakeraen. Well, I said to my asso-
ciates on that Board, ''I am going down
to Burlington just to see what it is.
And when I got there, I heard this, that
some of the citizens of Burlington thought
there would be trouble, a sort of terrible
riot or something; they went to the Mayor,
— I don't know whether they ever cautioned
you or not (addressing Mayor Joyner of
Atlanta) — ^but they asked them to swear
in some extra special police because there
was going to be a labor organization there,
and because they did not know what the
outcome might be, you know. But the
Mayor was a pretty level-headed sort of
man, and he says, **Well, they wouldn't do
lanyhurt" Well, I went down there, and I
knocked at the door of the room,— not so
big as this is, I don't think that hall that

you were in at that time was bigger than
this platform, if it was as big,— and the
doorkeeper asked me what I wanted, and I
told him that I had the honor of being one
of the Railroad Commissioners of our
State, and I wanted to see what this Or-
ganization was, and that good, great big
hearted man, Baldwin, came to the door,
and caught hold of my hand, and he said,
"Brother Coffin, I know of you, I have
heard something of you; come right in;
this is a secret meting* but you come right
in ;" and I went in. The old saying is that
"I went, and saw and conquered," but I
went and saw and was conquered (great
applause), and I have been held a pris-
oner ever since. This man can command
me, his officials can command me, and they
do sometimes, and I am at their com-
mand; I work for them because I know
that great good flows out from this great
Organization. (Great applause.) I know
that (applause); I know that Many,
many, many a poor wife and children
have had reason to thank God for
the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen.
(Loud and continued applause.) Brother
Morrissey mentioned a sum of money had
been paid out to the families of this Or-
ganization, wives and children of members
of this Organization, and I do not suppose
that ten, perhaps, in this whole audience
caught that and realized what that meant,
when I say that way back when railroads
were bom in this country you might count
on the fingers almost of one hand every
man that was a millionaire in this nation at
that time. It was a great sum to be worth
a million dollars, it is a great sum, and
there were mighty few millionaires. Well,
a million of dollars ; what do these boys do
every twelve months? They go down into
their pockets and take out over $126,000.00
every month, to hand out, that is about the
sum every month, I believe, handed out to
the families of those that have been injured
and incapacitated, and up to date, from
that small beginning, in that little old car
in New York, this Organization has raised
and put out over fourteen millions of dol-
lars. (Great applause.) Can you weigh
that,— the good that it has done to the
widows and fatherless children? Let that

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be scattered broadcast, for I want to say
something else pretty soon; I am glad this
brother here is putting that down. I want
you financiers to take that in; these boys
of the rail, one year ago, back there, they
were boys, brakemen, and it was the
Brotherhood of Brakemen, saved from
their little wages, small wages, of course,
it has increased now, and should have been
increased more, saved this vast sum and it
is not given out as to paupers ; no, no, it is
given out to those that have earned it, and
it is not any degradation or humiliation to
accept of it; they tax themselves and bind
themselves to stand by each other and their
families. (Great applause.) That is not
all ; that is not all,— and I believe I was in-
troduced to a clergyman here this evening,
one or two ; I wish that our churches,— and
I am a church man ; I am not worthy, per-
haps, but I believe and I try to live like it,
but I wish our churches would emulate the
virtues of this great Order, when they say,
almost with an up-lifted hand, "no member
of this Order shall ever die in the poor
house.'' (Loud and continued applause and
cheers for the Brotherhood.) That is what
they are here for today, to be here for days
and perhaps two weeks, consulting, legis-
lating, getting the best wisdom from this
great body of intelligent delegates, to know
how to order this great Organization so it
shall be of the best good to the families
and to the State and Nation at large. (Ap-
plause.) That is what they are here for.
They are a law-abiding body. Why, if I
should ask this audience, outside of the
Brotherhood, — ^how many strikes can you
recall and feel confident about that this
Brotherhood has been engaged in since its
organization? Only just here and there,
only one or two, that is all, — and I
want to say that I lived on my knees
praying, and on my knees I thanked
(Sod when I learned that through the level-
headedness of your heads of the Order that
this great strike was prevented that threat-
ened the unions only a few weeks ago.
(Great applause.) Your representative men
of Atlanta ought to extend a great wel-
come to this Organization, because that man
(referring to the Grand Master) had a
good deal to do with settling that trouble.

(Loud and continued applause.) Emerging
into and arising and going on to higher
platforms, the nations are beginning to talk
about having war no more; I guess they
have learned it from these Brotherhoods.
(Great applause.) The Grand President is
for a square deal; I guess he has learned
part of it from these Brotherhoods; for I
know he has asked them very often to
come and eat dinner with him, and I guess
they had a pretty good dinner, too, and he
has reached out and taken two of them
away and put them up there; he knows
where worth is, where ability is ; and I am
awfully afraid that this fellow will be lost
to his Order before a great while. (Great
applause.) I wish you would keep time
for me (addressing the Grand Master),
I forgot about it But I want to get to an-
other thing; I am still pretty close to these
boys, to all these railroad Brotherhoods;
for seventeen or eighteen years they have
insisted on my standing as the nominal
head, if no more, of a home for disabled
railroad men, besides giving to the fami-
lies of the injured one or the killed one,
they are building up a magnificent home for
every disabled, destitute, needy Brotherhood
man. And we are right on the point of
consununating that thing so it shall be a
fixture for all time,-— an endowment that
cannot fail, that can never fail, an endow-
ment, too, that no sound member will ever
feel scrupulous of, yet accomplishes the
grandest thing on earth. (Great applause.)
You know, Harrison said in his inaugural,
that it was a disgrace to our (Christian civi-
lization that men engaged in honorable pro-
fession, honorable pursuit for livelihood,
should be in greater danger than soldiers
in actual time of war. Brother Morrissey
spoke about it tonight; that is so; right in
this very day of peace, and a few years ago
much more, but now it is terribly for you
cannot take up a morning paper, a daily
paper, hardly, at all, but you will see a
collision, engineer, fireman, killed, brake-
men killed constantly. I am saying this
for a purpose further on,— and he said
it is a disgrace to our civilization, and he
was a firm friend to the railroad men, and
urged Congress to enact a law that should
do away with that old man killer, that coup-

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545

ler; do away with that method of men be-
ing on top of the cars to twist up the
brakes; no matter how stormy, how dark,
how terrible the cold, on to the top of the
car they mast go when the engineer called
for brakes. Bat now, now, with the influ-
ence of President Harrison and some oth-
ers of lesser light, we have a law compell-
ing these safety appliances, and it is a grand
law, and some here in this audience,
some are here who are employed by the
Inter-State Commerce Commission to be on
the look-out, traveling here and there, to see
if the railroads are living up to the exac-
tions of that law, to save these men's lives ;
and let me make just this one statement
here, then I will go on to show
you what has been the past, and to a
g^eat extent now too. After that law of
safety appliances had been in execution for
two years, the Inter-State Commerce Com-
mission comes out and says that the effect
of that law has lessened the casualty to
railroad men over sixty-five per cent Now,
just to show you what that means, when
Harrison signed that law, there were 2,737
men killed that year, and over 28,000 in-
jured. You can see at a glance, now,
what that law is doing.

Well, now. Brother Morrissey said that
the influence of this organization was help-
ful, intellectual and otherwise. It is, and
I want it to be helpful in every direction,
and that brother that stood here and spoke
about the women and children in the sweat*
shops,— I want this Brotherhood and its as-
sociate Brotherhoods to stand on so high a
platform that every politician shall be
obliged to stay at home by their vote, un-
less he will put a stop to that awful thing.
(Great and continued applause.) They are
the powers ; they, like me, in some respects,
or I like them, do not know any party, but
I know the everlasting rIgKt, and I will
vote for that, no matter what party it is
that brings the right forward ; so will these
boys. (Great applause and cheers.) And
now I want to come to another thing. There
may be in this audience some politician. Is
that so. Mayor? (The Mayor: I think
not) There most always is in an audience
like this; there are politicians and poli-
ticians, and there are statesmen and poli-

ticians, and they get a bee buzzing in their
bonnet, **0h, I would like to go to the Leg-
islature; I would like to go to Congress;
I would like to be a Senator;" some of
them, the bee buzzes so hard, '1 would like
to be Giovemor," and it might be, "If I
could only be President," you know, buz-
zing, ever buzzing, and they think
the cheapest way, because that is
all the capital they have, is to abuse
the railroads. There is such a feeling all
through the nation, if they can excite the
farmers or shippers and all like that, get
them against the railroads, they will vote
for me, you know, and it is all over this
nation. I don*t know how it is down here
in this city* but in our State and adjoin-
ing States, there is the great stock in
trade, — to beat the railroads, legislate, make
two cent fares, cut down the schedules, and
all like that, you know. Well, now, here
in this nation are about one million and
a half employed in the railroad work
of all kinds, not altogether on the trains,
but about a million and a half, approxi-
mately, So employed; that represents some-
thing like six millions of our people; one
usually represents only four, but the usual
way is to make it five, a man voting, he rep-
resents as a rule Ave, for the family, but
many of these are young men, these are not
married, but they have the mother and the
brothers and sisters to look after gener-
ally, and they work for them, but make it
four, and there are about six millions of
people in these United States depending
upon the railroads' wages they get for a
living, about one-fourteenth of our popula-
tion. Now, take these men in your Legis-
lature ; take those men up at Congress, when
they are working to get that railroad legis-
lation, as they think, to beat the railroads,
try for, you know, two cent fares, and all
like that,— do they ever think for one mo-
ment of these six millions of people th^t are
dependent upon the wages from the rail-
roads for their support? Now, there is a
good deal of a question about that, Morris-
sey, a good deal, and these railroad boys,
men in other Brotherhoods are thinking
about that, and these politicians that have
got that bee buzzing may feel the power of
the vote of these Brotherhoods on that

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question, and it is absolutely right that they thing left for us to do would be to get oa

should; you all know that; absolutely right our knees and say night prayers, but since

that they should let them stoy at home, the President has asked me to make a few

Let statesmen arise, let these men vote for remarks, I think it is only right that since

men that are men, seeking the best good of the Governor of the State tendered a very

all, let them be sent to occupy positions of warm welcome of Georgia to this magnifi-

influence and lawmaking. Now, this is not cent Brotherhood, since the Mayor of the

ranting at all, no, I am talking plain com- greatest City of the South, our own At-

mon sense and fact; these boys won't make lanta, turned over the keys of the City to

any ftiss about it I can tell you some- the head of the Organization I think it is

thing; there is one man from our State, one only right that one other organization,

of our delegaHon in Congress, promised me »trong and weU represented in Georgia and

faithfuUy "I will vote for that coupler bill, >n Atlanta, should offer a word of welcome

Mr. Coffin, I win vote for that," but that «« the name of the various churches, creeds,

man showed the "white feather" and voted »«cts and denonunations of Georgia and of

against it. He had been elected by some- Atlanta, I bid a very warm welcome to the

thing over 7,000 majority, and he wanted representatives of 90,000 brave, feariess,

to go back, and he had about 6,000 against strong, industrious workers. (Applause.)

him, to stoy at home. (Great applause.) ladies and gentlemen, from the bottom of

(Great applause.) °*y ^^^^ ^^ ^'*^ ^ ^« ^^^^^ ^^ ^***^

,,. - . ^ . 'Li. 1. T ^t. 1 I am capable, all that I can say and all that

Now, I want to stop right here, l thank . ^i. • i t • l ^ ^u u ^ * -.

- ' . , . . • ^ . I can think, I wish from the bottom of my

you for bstenmg to me; I want to con- .^ ^^ ' ^ _ . . .^ ^ _ .

gratulate you on your wonderful growth;

heart to bid a word of welcome, a word

T X ^ ^ 1 . .u i— ^ * A .1 * of God-speed and of good-speed to the rep-

I want to congratola e the C.^ of AUanU ^^^^^^^ ^^^ „^^^^ r^, „,„, „f

m tovmg such a Brotherhood here ,n your ^^ g.^therhood of these Railroad Train-
midst. You need not call m any extra po- *u /- i. • —^i^-.*

,. ^ „ ... ^, •'^ - ,.*^ nien; the Governor has given a welcome,

hce at all, you will see the most of these ^, ' .^ , . /* ^^. ^^.

. t ^ : 1. ^ ^L ^ X the City has given a welcome; and agam,

aelegates tomorrow, going about the streets, , ^ ., . • .* • •* ^i lL*«

. , . , , ',7 . xi. • t - let this humble voice m its own weak way,

g^mg back and forth to their places of en- , ^, • xt. «. ^*

7 _. • X . .!-• t. II •.«. 1-..1 t.-* welcome you, gentlemen, m the name of

tcrtamment m this hall, with a httle white ^, , / j • ^t. ^ ^r *i. ^i. .^i—

, ^ - . X /i- . 1 V the church and m the name of the churches.

TlZ *^,,?"k T i r. rlT V.V There is nothing that we church men love
A httle wh.te button, and that I'ttje wh.te ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^^.

button says No whiskey for me." (Great ^ .. i i^ ^. •.. «r

1 N T-t. X • 1. r '-L Tu esty, than loyalty, than worship. We say

applause.) That is what it means. There ,, / ,, \ ' j li. u * r

,'' , 1 1. ' s. ^»j. that the greatest prayer and the best of

IS one class of business m your town wo»* * ^. *; c ir j i i- i ^

, . ,, . "^ J t . prayer that may be offered by man u let

prosper very much by this compan/s bemg %., ,. /ai^\ -ru*-^

l^ • s. ^ -It-u them be a working man. (Applause.) There

here, but-^io matter, no matter. These . j . r * I j i

, t. X • L ^ xt. t. J are indeed men, I say, stout and lazy men,

men know what is best, they have made ^. , ' •" -. ^, u^

t- J xu X 1. ji J 1 * u the man who does nothing, the man who

such an advance that hardly a delegate here .„ ^ i .i. ^ • xl irt.-i.xt.

. ., ^ ^ ' ^ . will not work, that is the man of which the

Ml this great convention can properly rep- . j xt. 'x- i.x * v t^*A a

^ u' T^A^ u^ui^A u:^ ♦*,,♦ .-.j;* !,;«, naUon and the aty ought to be afraid; and

resent his Lodge behmd him, that sent mm . - .^ © t

here. withoTwearing that little white but- f^^' »^"^ ^*»'* "% ^'^^

ton as a total pledge to abstinence. I thank "^r.^"^" '^P'"'^ * «7»* <^1^'^

you. and I beg your pardon, too. (Loud ^"*> ■^'Jf« ^'^ '^^' *.«'«? "^

^ * . J 1 J u \ the churches generally join with the Stote

and contmued applause and cheers.) , . - . %.^ • u-^j* «.^i

*^ and with the City m bidding you a wel-

Mr. Puckett then introduced the Rcver- come; and with that just now, one word of

end Father John R Gunn, who addressed prayer and benediction, and in the name of

the meeting as follows: the Father and of the Son and the Holy

Mr. Chairman, Ladies and (kntlemen: Ghost, I ask Thee, Almighty Cxod, to bless

I thought in the introduction that would this Organization, to bless the 90,000 men

be given to me that instead of asking a who make it up, to bless the represento-

benediction, that I would be requested to tives who are here in its name, to bless

My night prayers, because it is getting so them, their homes, their children, their

late. I was very much afraid that the only famiH^f and their cause. (Aj^UuK.X

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Worse And More Of It

If a few of the State courts and the In- Standard when it gets after a competitor,
terstate Commerce Commission do not be« It stands charged with every crime except
have themsehres and let Standard Oil and murder, assault and "biting its victims.'*
other like corporations alone, Chancellor Yet there are good grounds for charging it
Day, staunch defender of the trusts in gen- with the two latter mentioned offenses if its
eraJ, and Standard Oil in particular, may warfare against the building of pipe lines
secede from the Union. through Pennsylvania and New Jersey by

Ohio interfered with the business of the the Independents is remembered. There
petroleum gentlemen, who have joined were two occasions we remember when the
tmsmess forces with Providence, and se- opposition developed into a fair and square
cured almost a thousand indictments agamst fight

it St Louis has a civil suit asking for But, what is to be done. The Interstate
the dissolution of the Combine and then to Commerce Commission cannot assume any
add to its miseries the Interstate Commerce powers except to advise what may be
Commission has called the Standard several necessary. Other eminent minds suggest
hard names m the most scathing arraign- that the matter be left to the people. This
ment that hat ever been published m a practice of leaving things to the people
public document must make Standard Oil chortle 'way down

One year ago the Commission was au« deep in its chest. It has been leaving things
thorized to investigate Standard Oil and its to the people, and handing things to the
report shows that the job must have been people for so long, that the references must
to its liking, for it was fairly well done. be taken as a joke by Standard Oil, which

The Commission reported to Congress in its embarrassment mechanically raised
that Standard OiTs chief policy had been the price of oil

the ruin of its competitors; that ownership It has been said that developments of the
of the oil pipe lines had given Standard a kind now bemg made, that show up what
monopoly because it was able to absolutely the great monopolies really are and how
control die price of crude oil and the price far reaching their powers are, will be a
which its competitors must pay; that rail- great educator for the future. There may
road employes are used to spy on the busi- be something in this, for Rockefeller has
ness of competitors and furnish the infor- given $43,000,000.00 in the past two years to
mation to the Standard; that the Standard the cause of higher education which may
has sold different grades of oil from the have for its chief text book, ''How to get
same barrel; that it has paid employes of money like our benefactor who donated,
other companies to spy on their employers etc, etc"

and report to the Standard; that it has tam- The fact is apparent that if competition
pered with oil inspectors of different states; had been open and above board, if business
that it biQTS advertising space in the news« had been carried on with a fair field and
papers and fills it with prepared reading no favor from transportation Imes and pro-
matter for Standard Oil defense; that rail- tective tariffs and if the independent oper-
roads have used their rights of way to ator and dealer could have been protected
assist the Standard in its opposition to the against the combination, the story would
building of other pipe lines; that railroad have been different and the consumer would
companies use Standard Oil products, pay not be subject to the whims of one great
double the independent prices and no one monopoly.

knows for what To this mass of charges One very important fact has developed
could be added the statement that nothing is m this Standard Oil investigation and diat
too great or too small for die maw of the is that Independent operators can meet the

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Standard in the foreign markets where its
absolute control is not permitted. The ad-
vantages that assist it to carry on its com-
mercial brigandage m the United States
are lost to it abroad and the other oil com-
panies have a chance for the business.

The Interstate Commerce Commission
has recently turned another good piece of
busmess that has brought speedier restilts
than its encounter with the Oil trust

Through investigation it found that sev-
eral corporations had ill^^ally secured min-
eral, or coal, lands to the value of millions
of dollars. The evidence secured was so
conclusive that at the first threat of suit
the Union Pacific Coal Company capitulated
and o£Fered to turn back its illegally gotten
lands to the Government The little trick
employed was by way of certain persons
who secured what is known as "Surveyor
General's Scrip." This is a license issued
by the general land office to people to
whom lands have been patented by error,
which really were not the property of the
Government The scrip entitles the holder
to his choice of an equal area of non-min-
eral lands anywhere within the public do-
main. The Coal Company secured control
of the scrip and used it to fasten upon lands
in the best soft coal territory in the Wy-
oming field. The fact that the area taken
under the scrip rights is mineral land il-
legalizes the occupancy of the Company and
it is going to turn back its property to the
Government The titles of other companies
to the same land of lands will be mves-
tigated.

The Government has saved many mil-
lions for the nation through this investiga-
tion made by the Commission.

Now, back to Chancellor Day, he who

throws a fit every so often because he
knows the working people are getting more
wages than they earn, who knows they
spend their money in riotous living and
their spare time in saloons and other evil
places, who demands more of these great
trusts. Chancellor Day represents the high-
er education that is going to profit by a di-
vision of the Standard Oil spoil made
through Rockefeller to the colleges that do
not clearly define the term ^monopoly
wealth."

What will happen to the Chancellor if
Standard has to pay the $29,000,000 fines it
is in danger of being assessed in Chicago?

This educator and his kind demand that
such grand a£Fairs as Standard Oil be per-
mitted to enjoy greater powers and privi-
leges even though the self same trusts stand
charged with every dishonorable and crim-
inal practice by one of the highest Govern-
ment bodies.

Chancellor Day recently broke off the
reservation long enough to shout to the
President to cease talking about the rail-
road rates and values, about control of in-
terstate commerce, about public rights and
public assets. He advised him to hold to
Lincoln's appeal to charity and mutual for-
bearance, to study Washington's farewell
message and to give the people a rest He
would have the President t^ on the Pure
Food Law and refer to the debt of grati-
tude the people owe to such corporations as
the one that has just been caught with the
goods and the directors of which would be
eligible for the penitentiary if the statute of
limitations had not expired.

This is the remedy for all of our ills as
offered by the man of the hour as he has
discovered himself in ChanceUor Day.

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549

Convention Work And Election.

The principal work of the Convention was
confined to the disposition of disallowed
claims and the constitutional changes,
among which are to be found the creation
of a Board of Insurance of seven members
who will meet annually at headquarters and
take up all claims that have been disallowed
for any cause during the year. This com-
mittee will have the power to dispose of
claims just as they have been disposed of
heretofore by the Conventions. The change
ought to save tjwee days at the next meet-
ing of the Grand Lodge. It was some-
thing sadly needed as the late Convention
bears witness, and after trying for three
days to pass judgment on the disallowed
claims the body was perfectly willing to
"hand it over to a board of limited number,
believing that there would be more fairness
exercised in the adjustment of such claims.

The contention will not be raised that
the Convention was unfair, but it can easily
be understood .how difficult it is for a body
of more than seven hundred men to pass
fairly on a question of disability or dis-
allowance.

The body was large, too large to be a
good working, deliberative body, but the
members of the Brotherhood are slow to
relinquish their rights to direct representa-
tion and no other plan than the present will
succeed for several years to come.

The period of service prior to eligibility
to membership was reduced to six months,
and the year of probation has been done
away with. The adoption of this law has
filled a long-felt want. We hope, now that
the long year of waiting so much com-
plained of has been done away with, that
our members, who knew we were losing
thousands of men, will get after them and
bring them into the fold.

Two members were added to the Grand
Executive Board and as one member of
the Board of Grand Trustees was elected
to a higher office there was one vacancy to
fill.

The insurance remains at at present and

the next ConvcntiQi) will beheld two yean

from May, 1907. The triennial proposition
must have been lost on the way lo Atlanta,
for it certainly was not very much in evi-
dence. The change of name, or title, for the
Grand Lodge officers was not adopted. The
old names seem to have become a part of
the membership and they did not care to
let them go.

The Journal was given a new name,
which will appear later on, and it will be
known as "The Railroad Trainman." The
same style will be maintained and we trust
the new title will be satisfactory to the
readers of the Journal. But when it comes
we believe that many of its best friends will
feel they have parted from an old friend.
The management will try its utmost to ha\*e
it retain a place in the affections of its
readers and we hope the new name will
soon be as acceptable to them as the Jour-
nal has been.

It is safe to say that never before was a
Constitution committee deluged with so
many amendments to the Constitution, but
when the work was done the body of the
law remained practically as it was before
the Convention, with the exceptions just
noted.

There was an arrangement made where-
by the Brotherhood can act in conjunction
with the other railroad organizations for
the purpose of building a Home for their
disabled brothers. The usual resolutions
were passed and will appear in a later issue
of the Journal.

The Brotherhood Committee of Altoona
Lodge No. 302 did all they possibly could
to entertain the delegates and visitors, but
the task was an enormous one. They man-
aged it all very nicely and gave the visitors
a pleasant time. The Order of Railway
Conductors, under the direction of Brother
C. D. Knight, gave us an old-fashioned
barbecue which will be mentioned at length
in a later issue of the Journal. Brother
Knight is one of those easy, courteous gen-
tlemen one likes to meet and know. His
pleasant and genial manner makes one feel

pcrfcctljr at borne, and his Rttention \q \\i^

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550 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

wants of the visitors who were his guests patrick, Williani Newman, James Murdock

at the barbecue endeared him to all of us. and Al. E. Whitney were elected in the

The barbecue was a new proposition, but order named. Brother Whitney was elected

from the whole roast pig to the joy water to the new position created as Vice Grand

it was an entertainment we enjoyed as soon Master. The Board of Grand Trustees will

as we realized what was expected of us, be composed of Brothers James Hurlbut,

which was merely to pitch in and have a Lodge No. 186; Hiram W. Belknap, Lodge

good time. The Conductors did the grand No. 116, and William Dougherty, Lodge

for us and Captain Knight will long be re- No. 140. Brother Dougherty has served on

membered for his kindness and courtesy. the Claims Committee for several Conven-

The delegates were treated to car rides, tions and his work recommended him to

theatre parties and dances, one of which the Convention. The others were returned,
was on for almost every night. The Grand Executive Board will be

The Convention came to a close after the composed of J. W. Rhoades, Lodge No. 397;

following officers had been elected and in- r, j Powers, Lodge No. 71; O. C Cash,

stalled: Grand Master, P. H. Morrissey; Lodge No. 492; A. W. E^ans, Lodge No.

Assistant Grand Master, William G. Lee; 195^ and F. C. Lockwood, Lodge No. 752.

Grand Secretary and Treasurer, Albert E. t,, „ , r t - -n u j

^. "^ . , ,. r , ^,. The Board of Insurance will be composed

Kmg. The numerical standmg of the Vice r d ixr /- * n t j xt cum r -n
r^ , ^ , * r *u I A .u of R. W. Cartmell, Lodge No. 294; J. P.

Grands was taken out of the law and they _, _, __ «^^,rT ^*. ^
will now be known according to the order ?^f "\,^tf, ^^' ^'\^' ^ ^oorhead,
of their election. The first one elected will ^^/^"/^- ^^^'^ ^' ^ ^^"«^*' ^^«' No.
be first in order of succession to fill a va- ^' J^*"^^ S^«"' Lodge No. 108; J. L.
cancy above his office, and so on down the Shaw, Lodge No. 448, and H. A. Adams,
line. The first one elected will be the senior Lodge No. 577.

and the others will follow in their order of The next Convention will be held in the
election. Brother Tom R. Dodge, Val Fitz- city of Columbus, Ohio.

Full Crew Bills, Arkansas And New York.

The Legislative Boards of Arkansas and have accepted the verdict, leaving one to

New York have been working industriously fight the law.

for a full crew bill for the railway lines in The statute is a good one and provides

the two States. for a freight train crew of six men, to con-

The Arkansas measure has been passed sist of an engineer, fireman, conductor and
and is in operation on every line, with one three brakemen for every train of twenty-
exception, that does business in the State, five or more cars. It does not apply to
On that road there has been no change in roads having a mileage of less than fifty
train crews and the law has been ignored, miles.

It will now be a matter for the men to The law approved by the Governor,

bring suit to secure its enforcement, in March 28th, 1907, reads as follows:

which they ought to have the assistance of j^^^ ^^^

the State. ^^ ^(^ ^^ prescribe the minimum number of em-

Every enactment of this character is cer- ployes to be used in the operation of Freight

tain to arouse opposition to its application. Trains in this State and providing a penalty for

It is the custom for several companies to * violation of this Act.

accept the law and for the remainder to ^' '* Bnacted by th^ General Assembly of the

fight its enforcement through the courts. q^!!«:«« 1 ^ m/^ '1 j it- /

_ , . , . , M •-". i>ection 1. No railroad company or officer of

In tniS case the majority of the railways court owning or operating any line or linct of

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

551^

railroad in this State, and engaged in the transporta-
tion of freight over its line or lines shall equip any
of its said freight trains with a crew consisting of
less than an engineer, a fireman, a conductor and
three brakemen, regardless of any modem equip-
ment of automatic couplers and air brakes, except
as hereinafter provided.

Sec. 2. This Act shall not apply to any railroad
company or officer of court whose line or lines are
less than fifty miles in length, nor to any railroad
in this State, regardless of the length of said lines
where said freight train so operated shall consist
of less than twenty-five cars, it being the purpose
of this Act to require all railroads in this State
whose line or lines are over fifty miles in length
engaged in hauling a freight train consisting of
twenty-five cars or more, to equip the same with
a crew consisting of not less than an engineer, a
fireman, a conductor and three brakemen, but
nothing in this Act shall be construed as to pre-
vent any railroad company or officer of court from
adding to or increasing its crew beyond the num-
ber set out in this Act.

Sec. 3. Any railroad company or court officer
of court violating any of the provisions of this
Act shall be fined for each offense not less than
one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred
dollars, and each freight train so illegally run
shall constitute a separate offense. Provided, the
penalties of this Act shall not apply during strikes
of men in the train service of lines involved.

Sec 4. All laws and parts of laws in conflict
herewith are hereby repealed, and this Act shall
take effect and be in force thirty days after its
passage.

Approved March 28, 1907.

April 17, 1907.

The law for New York contemplates
a full crew of six persons for every
train of twenty, or more, cars, and applies
to roads that operate four or more trains
daily over the road or any part thereof.

It further provides a conductor or flag-
man for each light engine run over the
road. This measure reads as follows:

AN ACT
To better protect the lives of railroad employes.
The People of the State of New York, represented

in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows:

Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any railroad
company in the State of New York, that runs

more than four freight trains in twenty-four hours,
to run over its road, or any part thereof, outside
of yard limits, any freight train composed of more
than twenty cars with less than a full crew, con-
sisting of six persons; one engineer, one fireman,
one conductor and three brakemen, or a light
engine without cars without the following crew:
one engineer, one fireman, one conductor or flag-
man, when running a distance of ten miles or
more, from starting point.

Sec. 2. That any superintendent, or his as-
sistants or other officer, or employe, of any rail-
road company doing business in the State of New
York, who shall send or cause to be sent out on
any road, that runs mdre than four freight trains
in twenty-four hours, any freight train whose
crew consists of less than those named in section
one of this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor,
and shall be fined not less than twenty-five dollars
for each offense.

Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the board of
railroad commissioners to enforce this Act.

Sec. 4. This Act shall take effect immediately.

The Arkansas law is in operation, while
the New York proposition has not yet been
passed, but it is expected that it will be-
come an enactment in the very near future.

The Brotherhood has urged its members
to work for measures of the kind. They
realize the grave dangers that arise from
time to time and are increased because
there are not enough men on the heavy
freight trains to safely care for emergen-
cies and properly do the work on those
trains.

There are certain States where the en-
actment of a law of the kind is out of the
question, for the railroads control the sen-
timent of the legislative bodies. For the
purpose of securing uniformity of legisla-
tion and its application, this measure must
become a national proposition and a Fed-
eral law provided for its regulation.

There is no use in temporizing in this
matter. Common safety demands legisla-
tive protection and it is just and proper
that it be legally granted.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Refused To Be Discharged

In Kansas the railroads have a good deal
of difficulty in providing competent men to
fill vacancies in the train crews and other
positions which do not oflfer attractions
that are specially inviting.

At each division terminal there is usu-
ally maintained a "crew board" upon which
is written in chalk twice a day a list of
conductors and brakemen available for the
following twelve hours. This list h posted
by the "caller" or some other employe fa-
miliar with the situation, and from it men
are chosen to fill the various runs.

One day an accident happened which
caused some dismay at headquarters for,
aside from breaking up some cars and tear-
ing up some track, it shattered the plans
of the superintendent, who was about to
start upon a vacation trip.

Investigation developed that a brakeman
had forgotten to close a switch properly,
and the following train ran into it with the
result noted above.

The brakeman was dismissed foflfiwith.

Six weeks later the superintendent board-
ed a freight train at a way station on the
division and, mounting the "dog-house*
steps in the caboose, was much surprised to
find that same brakeman on guard.

"What are you doing here?" inquired the
surprised official.

"Workin,'*' replied the culprit, with a
dismal grin.

"Upon whose authority?" persisted the
superintendent.

"Aw! I ain't lost no time a-Ull," an-
swered the brakeman.

Further questioning brought out the fact
that the industrious one had been marking
up his own name upon the crew board and
in that way was being called regularly to
go out on the run.

Asked why he had taken such a course
to keep at work he replied:

"Well, boss; my credit for grub is good
as long as I keep busy, but when me pay
stops me chuck stops!"

He is working yet — K, C. Star.

An Error Of Judgment

"Railway construction is progressing rap-
idly in Mexico," says a well known rail-
way man, "but the management of the
roads there is still far below our northern
standard."

The official quoted tells, in this connec-
tion, of an American who formed one of a
party of foreigners invited to take a trip
over a certain Mexican line.

On the first day of the journey this
American was sitting on the rear platform
of the observation car. The train had stop-
ped to take water, and as it was getting
under way again a disreputable looking man
swung himself on the bumper and began to
climb over the railing?. Whereupon the

American tried to push him off— this greasy
dirty and ragged individual! who appeared
to be trying to steal a ride. The Mexican
held on, however, and yelled horribly in
Spanish.

The American, too, yelled, and the two
scuffled and fought on the platform until
another member of the party came out to
discover the source of the trouble.

"Fm keeping this tramp from stealing a
ride," exclaimed the American.

Whereupon the friend burst into laugh-
ter. When he had recovered from his at-
tack of mirth he said:

"Why, man, you're fighting the brake-
man!**

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Wamtb).— To know the address of Clyde Y.
Spencer, formerly a member of Lodge No. 276.
Address J. E. Ward, Chanute, Kas.

• • •

Wantxd.— To know the whereabouts of M. J.
Kline; last beard of in Bonham, Texas. Address

J. C Wilson, Yoakum, Texas.

• • •

Wantxd. — ^To know the whereabouts of C. P.
Byrnes, formerly a member of Lodge No. 64.
Address W. Brady, or C. E. Myton, of Fort
Wayne, Ind.

• • •

Wantxd. — ^The address of Thomas Cancy,
formerly a member of Lodge No. 96. Tall, stout,
dark hair and mustache. Address F. L. Dickin*
son. Financier Lodge No. 96, Dodge City, Kas.

• • •

Wantxd. — To know the whereabouts of Andrew
Gallagher. His parents are anxious to hear from
him. Address Joseph Webster, No. 729 Lafayette
St., Norristown, Pa.

• • •

Wantxd. — ^To know the address of O. E. Coffin.
He is probably located in Indiana. Something
very important! Address George W. Read, No.

1484^ Larimer St., Denver, CoL

• • •

Wantxd. — To know the address of L. A. Stout;
last heard from in Memphis, Tenn., in 1905, em-
ployed by the Illinois Central Railroad. Address
Mary Welsh, No. 428 Fifth St., S. E. Minneapo-
lis, Minn.

• • •

Wantxd. — To know the whereabouts of Sam
Cox, a brakeman. Last heard of was in Chicago,
111. Six feet one inch tall, blue eyes; sometimes
wears a sandy mustache. Address Charles D.
Cox, Birdsboro, Pa.

• • »

Wantxd. — To know the whereabouts of W. V.
Earl, of Raleigh, N. C, with S. A. L. Last heard
of was with the Frisco at Birmingham, Ala.
Wamie, if you see this, write me at Moberly,
Mo. W. E. Duffy.

• • •

Wantxd.— To know the address of H. F. Smith,
a member of Lodge No. 281. His mother is very
anxious to hear from him. Address Mrs. J. F.
Smith, No. 982 Lincoln Ave., Bedford, Ind., or
George Elbrecht, No. 1469 First Ave., Terrc

Haute, Ind.

• • •

Wantxd. — ^To know the address of Fred Dupaw.
Last heard from in Chicago; employed by the Illi-
nois Central Railroad. He was formerly a mem-

ber of Lodge No. 297. Address his wife, Mrs.
Katie Dupaw, No. 58 Cherry St., Rutland, Vt., or
E. F. Butterfly, Agent, Lodge No. 297.

• • •

Wantxd. — To know the whereabouto of Charles
N. Johnson, formerly a member of Lodge No. 122.
Last heard from in Commerce, Texas. Address
Gerald Duryea, St. James, Minn., Lodge No. 884,
or his brother, George B. Johnson, Pipestone,
Minn. (Settlement of EsUte.)

• • •

Wantxd. — To know the whereabouts of Preston
P. Caldwell. Last heard from at San Marcial.
New Mexico. Formerly worked for the Illinois
Central, out of Memphis. His sister's death and
other very important news for him. Address
Mrs. George Burgess, No. 5043- A, Wells Ave.,
St. Louis, Mo., or R. £. Merritt, Financier, Lodge
No. 472.

• • •

LIKES IT.
The *'Ladiet* Queen*' arrived several weeks ago
and has not varied a minute since, keeping ex-
cellent time, and is a surprise to all who see it.
Some apparently expected to see a much inferior
•rtide. We arc very proud of it.
Very sincerely,

H. R. Vanci,
Journal Agent, No. 865.

• • •

ToBONTO Junction, Ont. — Lodge No. 255 is get-
ting along very nicely, and has been for some time.
We have a steady increase in membership, and
always have an application or two on hand.

Railroad work is very favorable in Toronto and
vicinity at the present time, and the indications
are that it will continue for some time. Any
brothers coming this way will be made welcome.

Jousnal Agxnt, Lodge No. 255.

• • •

Oakland, Cal. — Lodge No. 71 had a splendid
meeting on April 9th. A number were initiated
and several applications were received. The state
legislature has passed a liability bill that promises
to hold the employers liable for all accidents that
are received while in employment.

There is plenty of railroad work on the Coast
for anyone who desires to come this way.

H. S. FowLxa.
No. 620 Magnolia St., Oakland Cal.

• • •

Allandalx, Ont. — Lodge No. 877 has been do-
ing splendidly in gathering the non-members into
the fold. There are a number of applications on
hand, and some of our members have become in-
terested in the Journal subscription work, and are

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654

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

placing the Jouknal among the business men of
our city. In fact, only one business man has re*
fused to subscribe.

Brother Murdock» Fourth Vice-Grand Master,
paid us a short visit recently, and declared that
he was very well pleased with our lodge.

W. F. MORBOW,

Journal Agent"

• • •

Ntw YoEK City. — Lodge No. 197 has a member-
ship of three hundred and thirty, and is admitting
members at almost every meeting. The initiation
is very interesting, and many of our members are
right on hand to see the work done.

We were unfortunate in losing our Master,
Brother James McCann, who was a member of
the organization for twenty years, and was with
our lodge for the last fifteen years. He was known
by the younger members as the "father'' of the
lodge.

There is plenty of work in the Harlem River
yards, and if our Grievance Committee work turns
out satisfactorily, we will have the best yard jobs
in the eastern country.

Mbmbbb Lodge No. 197.

• • •

SURPRISED AT THE VALUE OF THE
LADY'S "QUEEN" WATCH.
The following letter speaks in no uncertain
manner of the pleasant surprise that came to one
of the Agents for the Journal, who secured one
of the Lady's "Queen" Watches, which are given
for thirty paid yearly subscriptions.

"Accept my thanks for the prompt shipment of
the Lady's *Qucen' Watch. It is worth any
one's time to work for one of them. Mine is per-
fect in every way, a good time keeper, of which
any one can be justly proud. I cheerfully advise
every member of the organization that the Watch
is just as it is recommended by the Journal."
Fraternally yours,

C. E. Harnisch.
Lodge No. 817.

• • • •

Rutland, Vt. — Lodge No. 297 has a good mem-
bership, and is adding to it at almost every meet-
ing, and the indications are that we will continue
to admit members for some time to come.

Our officers are of the very best, and doing all
that could be expected of them. Our committee
has returned with a nice increase in wages and
betterment in working conditions, for which we
wish to thank them.

The lodge held a special meeting on April 21st,
and Brother Murdock gave the members some
valuable information regarding lodge duties, etc.
We hope the brothers will take Brother Mur-
dock's advice, and try to attend meetings more
regularly.

E. F. Buttbrfly,
Ag: nt Lodge No. 297.

• • •

Windsor, Ont. — Lodge No. 816 is doing very
nicely, and everything promises a prosperous fu-
ture. We have a good attendance at our lodge.

but, still, there is room for some improvement.
We trust every member will feel it his duty to at-
tend all meetings of the lodge, and assist in every
way he possibly can in the furtherance of its in-
terests.

We hope that our members will not overlook
the fact that all of their betterment in conditions
,Jia8 been, brought about by the organization. We
ask every member to do what he can to present
the work of the Brotherhood to those who are
not members and do what he can to have them
join with us.

Our Seventeenth Annual Ball and Supper on
April 2nd, assisted by Lodge No. 826 of the
Auxiliary, was the event of the season.

Ed. Palm BR.

• • »

Houlton, Mainb. — Aroostook Lodge No. 89S
held a well attended meeting May 5th. It was
very encouraging to see the members turn out as
they did. nearly every member being present that
has a Sunday run here. I hope they will attend
as well in the future, for I think if there is any
place that the brothers should spend an afternoon,
it is in the lodge room. It only takes two after-
noons a month, and they have a chance to know
what is going on, for every Brotherhood man that
is a Brotherhood man will attend his lodge.

We are doing as well as the average, according
to the size of the road. As soon as the men are
eligible to join we get right after them. We have
one or more candidates at every meeting. We had
one last Sunday who feeb better satisfied now that
he is one of us. We have a good set of officers
and a membership of about one hundred and forty-
five.

We would be pleased to see any of the brothers
of other lodges any time they are up this way.
We meet the first and third Sunday in the month.

T. Crothbrs,
Journal Agent, Lodge No. 898.

• • •

LOST!

The following articles herein mentioned as lost,
if found, will please be returned to the Financier
of the lodge of which the losef is a member.

J. O'Donnell, Lodge No. 408, receipts for April
and May.

E. D. Barbree, Lodge No. 710, receipts and
card case, containing letters of the different
roads.

Ernest Grove, Lodge No. 628. B. R. T. and
Firemen's receipts; also two years clearances off
the Lake Shore.

G. H. Gwin, Lodge No. 720, receipt case con-
taining three years' receipts, a jeweler's watch
check and about $60 in money, at Atlanta, Ga.

T. L. Saxon, Lodge No. 747, B. R. T., receipts
and discharge papers from the army; the latter
papers were as teamster or packer in Cuba.

April 8d, Brother E. L. Eells Financier Lodge
No. 747, forwarded to Brother William Roler,
Shawnee. Okla., receipts for April and May. with
order for the secret work. The receipU were lost,
and, if found, return them to Brother Eells.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

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Gkuk Bay, Wis. — Lodge No. 445 is in a flour-
ishing condition. We have one hundred and fif-
teen members * in good condition, and new ones
coming in at every meeting. We hope to be close
to the two hundred mark by the close of the year,
and I know if every member will do his duty we
can reach this mark without difficulty.

Our brothers have all kinds of excuses for not
attending meetings. This is what we frequently
hear: "I just got in and was too tired to get
there;" '*I was not feeling well;** or "I had com-
pany." They always manage to get around, how-
ever, after meeting and ask what was done at the
meeting. There is only one answer that is good
enough for them, and that is: "Attend meeting
and find out."

We have some brothers who think that the only
time they need to attend meetings is when they
want our help in getting something for them.
Brothers, you are mistaken, we want you at every
meeting to aid us in the welfare of the B. of
R. T. We have a nice new lodge hall now, which
every member should be proud of, and it ought to
be an inspiration to attend meetings.

Any brothers who happen to come our way will
find us at home in our new quarters every first
and third Sunday at 2 p. m. at the Eagle's Nest,
No. 112 N. Washington St. We will give the glad
hand to all visiting brothers.

John L. Lake,
Journal Agent, Lodge No. 445.
• • •

Please do not send us accounts of entertain-
ments, funerals and letters of thanks, intended for
persons or lodges, for publication in the Journal.

There are, on an average, more than one hun-
dred death and disability claims paid each month.
If it were the rule, as it used to be, to mention each
one of these to a greater or less extent, the copy
would not be of interest to any readers of the
Journal except the lodge directly concerned, and
if this were done and one hundred or more items
of the kind were used, there would be a great deal
of subject matter that would be practically value-
less to the general organization.

The same statement applies to resolutions, on
the death of a member, or any other copy that is
of local interest only. It is a difficult matter to
have our members understand the difference be-
tween a publication general in its character and a
local paper. The former cannot prove interesting
if it is to devote its space to matters of local mo-
ment only, while the latter publication depends for
its popularity on its daily personal mentions.

The Journal was also compelled to ask the
brethren not to send photographs of switching
crews, and the like, for the reason that so many
of them were on hand that could not be used at
once, that those who were delayed felt that they
were unfairly treated, and in order to do away
whh the entire question, these photographs were
discontinued, as a matter of necessity.

We believe that a little thought rightly applied
to these questions will show the bulk of the read-
ers that it is impossible to make a daily news-
paper out of the official publication that is issued
but once a month.

Business Subscribers Received For
May

Under this bead the Journal will print once
Che name, business and business address of each
business firm, or, of each person in business for
himself, or, representing a business firm as its
agent who subscribes for one year. The idea is
to inform our readers who among their businessmen
•have subscribed and to recommend to them the
fairness of givinff their patronage to those who have
patronized the Journal.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Received from L. W. Jefferson, Lodge No. 868:
J. J. Delane, Furniture, Carpets and Bedding.
J. J. Brady, Groceries and Provisions; Navy
Contractor.

Stone & Moffett, Furniture, Bedding, etc

O. L. Ehmann, Men's Furnisher.

Chas. J. Braun, Watch Maker and Jeweler.

John J. Orr, Coal Dealer.

Geo. Bentelspacher, Tonsorial Parlor.

Samuel Young, Coal Dealer.

. ALTOONA, PA.
Received from John W. Helman, Lodge No. 174:
Wm. F. Gable & Co., Daylight Department
Store, 11th avenue.

Lester Shoe Co., George L. Seal, 904 16th ave.

SANDUSKY, OHIO.
Received from B. C. Slates, Lodge No. 897:
Ed. Tenney, Saloon, 416 No. Depot.
Wagner Bros., Kunzman Hotel.
John F. Rosino, Boots and Shoes, 133 Colum-
bus avenue.

Chas. T. Wolf, Century Cafe, 108 Columbus ave.
Dan Arend, Avenue Cafe, 124 Columbus avenue.

BUFFALO, N. Y.
Received from A. A. Van Houten, Lodge No.
187:
Chas. Shafer, Lake View Brewing Co.
H. B. Colgrove, Mgr. Regal Shoe Store, 364
Main.

C. W. Miller's Transfer Co., Division street.
Iroquois Hotel, Main street.
Lafayette Hotel, Lafayette Square.
Regal Dollar Hat Store, 620 Main street
Wm. Hengerer Co., Main street

NEW YORK.
Received from E. L. Troutman, Lodge No. 289:

ROCHESTER.
M. E. Whitney, Tailor. 181 Main street, EI.

ROCHESTER JCT.
W. L. Terry. Hotel.

WEST BLOOMFIELD.
R. P. Webb, General Store.

HONEOYE FALLS.
W. A. Babb, General Store, Main street.

ILLINOIS.
Received from Geo. J. Timms, Lodge No. 700:

KEMPTON.
T. C .Rickards, Grain Buyer.
FLANAGAN.
H. F. Mette, General Merchant.

GRAY MONT.
B. H. Meils, General Merchant.

ARGO, COLO.
Received from G. W. SUge, Lodge No. 680:
Boston & Colorado Smelter Co.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ST. LOUIS, MO.

Received from A. W. Lamourex, Lodge No. 46:

Jno. J. Hudson, PitUburg Exchange, 829 E.
Conrtois.

LOUISVILLE, KY.

Received from M. J. Foley, Lodge No. 156:

C. C. Derr, Variety Store. 808 Bayley avenue.

H. B. Driver, Laundry, 617 Fifth avenue.

J. Gordy, Jeweler, 724 W. Market.

Levy Bros., Clothing and Gents' Furnishings,
N. E. corner Third and Market.

H. Straus & Sons Co.. Dry Goods, 416 W. Mar-
ket.

Jas. J. Carran, Liquor Dealer. 212 First.

Val Lester. Cafe, 442 W. Green.

T. P. Taylor, Drug Store, 1666 Third.

L. S. Byck, Shoe Store, 888 Fourth avenue.
BELLEVUE, OHIO.

Received from O. Williams. Lodge No. 64:

t. M. Wolf & Sons, Genu' Furnishing Store.
MINNESOTA.

Received from Chas. Foster, Lodge No. 669:
NEW DULUTH.

H. J. Thomson Furniture Co.

W. H. Rieckhoff Box Co.

WEST DULUTH.

Eklund & OUn, Coal and Feed.
DULUTH.

Nelson & Peterson, Feed Dealers, Twentieth ave-
nue. West and N. P. Ry.

East End Ice Co.

HARRISBURG, PA.

Received from P. F. Bruehl. Lodge No. 388:

G. E. Flicker, Watchmaker and Jeweler. 1804
N. 6th.

J. W. Cotterel, Druggist, 1800 N. 6th.

H. L. Merhring, Tailor, 1410 N. 6th.

Geo. Kobler, Hotel, 1282 N. 6th.

C. Mauk, Undertaker, 1746 N. 6th.

Commercial Bank, 1217 N. 8rd.

Raymond Duey, Men's Clothing, 802 Broad.

I. Gardner, Barber. 1587 8rd.

W. A. Cartwright, Ice Cream and Soda Water.
1328 3rd.

Jas. Brener. Clothing. 1209 8rd.

Jas. Wicks. Hotel, 1803 8rd.

Jay Aldrich, Gents' Furnishings, 1117 3rd.

S. K. Martm, Tobacco and Cigars, 7th and
Riley.

Ira Wert, Gents' Furnishings, 926 6th.

Steckley & Son, BooU and Shoes. 404 Broad.

W. H. Shuman, Hotel, 800 Broad.
LONDON, ONT.

Received from C. Veech, Lodge No. 415:

Mr. Killpatrick, Hardware, 802 Dundas St., E.
ONTARIO.

Received from T. J. Curran. Lodge No. 266:
TORONTO JUNCTION.

W. R. Sheppard, Dry Goods and Clothing,
Dundas and Pacific

B. O. Fife, Dentist, 18 Dundas. W.

T. E. Hoar & Co., Hardware, 14 Dundas, W.

W. Spears, Undertaker.

Howell & Co., Drugs.

W. J. Moore, Book Store. '

CARLETON, WEST.

W. Ford, Grocer.

TORONTO.

W. Hassard, Cadallic Hotel, City Hall Square.
LOUISVILLE, MISS.

Received from J. E. Garner, Lodge No. 766:

Montgomery & Journey, Grocers and Meat Mar-
'kct.

J. O. Bennett. Dry Goods and Groceries.

Merchants' and Farmers' Bank.

Bank of Louisville.

MOUNDS, ILL.

Received from C. C. Love, Lodge No. 629:

Sam Blum, Dry Goods & Ck)thing.

J. G. Jones, General Merchandise, Coal & Feed.

Zan Walstan, Restaurant & Rooming House.

Camp & Carver, Cafe and Confectionery. 8
doors east of Bank.

J. H. Claud, Saloon, 1st corner from depot.

W. M. Stevens. Saloon.

Fred Sperle, Cafe.

BUFFALO. N. Y.

Received from A. A. Van Houten, Lodge No.
187:

Geo. Garner. Cafe. 26 Hoyt street.

H. Bernhardt, Wholesale Liquors, 801 Washing-
ton street.

The Hayden Cafe. 60 Seneca.

The Pabst Brewing Co., 141 Washington.

Mansion House, Main & Exchange.

The International Brewing Co.. Niagara street.

L. C. Breninson, Mfgr. of Cigars. 97 Franklin.

H. S. Bullett. Boots & Shoes. 197 E. North.

Mr. Faron, The Grocer, 866 Elmwood avenue.

J. N. Adam Co.. Dry Goods, Main street.

Seames Cafe. 16 East Eagle.

White Elephant Cafe, 356 Main.

The Desbecker Clothing Co., 847 Main.

H. B. Moore, Hat Store, 325 Main.

J. W. Kelly, Cafe. 153 W. Ferry street.

Morris & Rau, Mfgr, of Cigars. 14 W. Eagle.

Speidle Bakery. 689 Michigan.

F. W. Garvin. Prudential Cafe. Prudential Bdg.
The Court Inn. Hotel. 37 Court.

The Yale Two Dollar Hat Stgre, 481 Main.
Hugh Price, The Silver Dollar Cafe, 636 Main.
Henry Engel, Cafe. 6 East Genesee.
E. Klein & Co., Dry Goods & Furs. 659 Main.
The Dollar H.t More. 615 Main.
H. Messersn iui & Sous, Furr.I.ure & Pianos,
665 Main street.

Robert B. Reilly Co.. Teas & Coffees, 685 Main.

BROOKFIELD, MO.
Received from C. E. Marseilles, Lodge No. 19:
Barrows Dry Goods & Clothing Co.
Margrave's Cash Grocery.

GOTEBO. OKLA.
Received from Chester Reniff. Lodge No. 532:
George L. Lockard. Harness Shop.
ANADARKO, OKLA.
S. F. Baker. Medicine Co.

MARYSVILLE, PA.
Received from M. S. Cams. Lodge No. 694:
Clarence E. Martin, General Merchandise.

G. F. Miller, Railroad Hotel.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

557

ADDISON, N. Y.
Received from Jas, Purves, Lodge No. 524:
T. E. Harden, American House.

MINNESOTA.
Received from C. W. Straub, Lodge No. 512:

BIRD ISLAND.
Kommer & Hurly, Hardware.
E. A. Schrefel, Merchandise.
Bank of Bird Island.
John M. Olcson, Hardware.
C. F. WeitzcU General Merchandise.

STEWART.
C. R. Donaldson, Hardware.
Stewart Creamery.

H. A. Marquardt, Golden West Hotel.
H. Theim, Wines, Liquors & Cigars.
R. E. Mtttlestead, Wines, Liquors & Cigars.
Fanners & Merchants State Bank.
H. C. Dols, Stewart Produce Co.

BROWNTON.
A. G. Brewer, General Merchandise.

RENVILLE.
Wbitcomb & Waller, Meat Market.
Mayer Wolfert, General Merchandise.
A. L. Bratch. Hardware.
H. J. Kroraery. Wet Goods.

SACRED HEART.
O. T. Ramsland, General Merchandise.
H. B. Helgson, Meats, Poultry & Hides.
J. N. Stenborg, General Merchandise.
J. O. Johnson, Harness, Boots & Shoes Re*
pairing.

OLIVIA.
Schendel Kushe Co., Hardware.
J. A. Barge, City Dray Line.
J. Dunford, International Flax Twine Co.
J. Flashenrein. Olivia Produce Co.
Deyling & Converse, Olivia Livery.
Olivia Mercantile Co., General Merchandise.
L. P. Mahler, Jeweler & Optician.
J. P. Miller, Peoples Bank.
GLENCOE.
J. B. Mayer, Glencoe Bottling Works.
J. L. Preiss. General Merchandise.
A. Kartens, General Merchandise.
H. F. Petrich, Glencoe Butter & Cheese Co.

WEGDAHL.
Nelson Bros. & Myers, General Merchandise.

MONTEVIDEO.
H. A. Tomhavey, Wines, Liquors & Cigars.
A. Myer. The Tailor.
P. J. Mettling & Son, Furniture & Undertaking.

BUFFALO LAKE.
Martzdorf & Reep, Hardware & Farm Machinery.
Henry H. Schran, Hardware and Farm Ma-
chinery.

PLATO.
M. A. BelU Banker.

HECTOR.
R. Prescott, Hector Mirror.
Farmers & Merchants State Bank.
Bank of Hector.

NORWOOD.
Fabel & Bauermeis'er. Marble & Granite Works.

DANUBE.
F. J. Bade, General Merchandise.

AUGUSTA.
O. E. Wolf, General Merchandise.
F. O. Scott, Farmers Dairy & Creamery.

WASHINGTON.
Received from F. E. Vogelson, Lodge No. 307:

PASCO.
Robt. Gerry, General Merchandise.
First Bank of Pasco.
Jas. Waters, Cafe.
W. J. Gilroy, Cafe.

SPOKANE.
A. O. Ramy & Brower, Cigars & Tobacco.

A. P. Gray, General Merchandise.
W. J. Davis, Photographer.

J. E. Steffins & Co.

Harrigan & Riggs, General Merchandise. ^

B. F. Nye. Tonsorial Parlor.
Stafford & Johnson.

E. E. Ellsworth, Druggist.
Cramer & Sylvester, Mint Cafe.
Y. K. Lee, City Cafe.

F. M. Downey, Columbia Hotel.
T. F. Madden, City Market.

J. C. Anderson, Franklin Lodging House.

R. P. Norton, Windsor Hotel.
WALLA WALLA.

Pasco Market, Meat & Cold Storage Co.
ALTOONA, PA.

Received from W. C. Giarth, Lodge No. 174:

Altoona House, 1001 Bridge street.

Bolton House, 1000 Bridge street.

Grand Central Hotel, 1400 10th avenue.

J. C. Huabscher, 711 7th street.

Magee's Hotel, Green avenue.

LAFAYETTE, LA.

Received from C. E. Hamtsch, Lodge No. 317:

J. O. Sullivan, Cafe.

A. L. Preazer, Tailor.

O. B. Hopkins, Secretary Vordenbaumen Lbr. Co.

F. Wilktns. Meat Market.

MISSION JCT., B, C.

Received from A. J. Spear, Lodge No. 144:

Belleview Hotel.

LOUISVILLE, KY.

Received from H. A. Carfield, Lodge No. 156:

L. A. Kissel, Grocer, 1601 Story avenue.

J. F. Oertel Co., Butchertown Brewery, 1400-8
Story avenue.

J. E. & F. Walter, Clay St Brewery, 814 Clay.

Brooks Bros., Union Clothiers & Furnishings,
226-280 Market street.

Dr. E. C. Underwood, Examiner Lodge No, 156,
2328 Portland avenue.

D. Klotter, Cafe. 1101 W. Hill.

Jas. Greene, Furniture and Carpets, 400 E. Mar-
ket.

Dr. A. R. Bizot, Examiner Lodge No. 156, 706
W. Walnut.

PITTSBURG, PA.

Received from A. F. Morton, Lodge No. 225:

H. Wilkens & Co., Jewelers, 440 Wood street.

F. Kofmehl, Artificial Limbs, 627 Smithfield.

H. Lynn, The Old Oyster House, 4 Masters
Way,

J. D. Walker, Alderman, 6022 Center avenue.

Forster Artificial Limb Co.j 118 Smithfield.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ATLANTA GA.

Received from W. C. Puckett, Lodge No. 802:

S. M. Truitt & Son, 119 W. Mitchell,
MASON CITY, IOWA.

Received from Levi Roberts, Lodge No. 9:

Nye Schneider Fowler Co., Grain, Lumber,
Coal & Wood. 510 S. Main.

Patton Bros., Bell Clothiers, 111 S. Main.

Mitchell Clothing Co., Clothing & Gents Fur-
nishings.

Barber & Johnson, Clothing & Gents Furnish-
ings, 118 S. Main.

G. M. Woodruff, Shoes, 119 S. Main.

W. H. Potts, Jeweler, 206 N. Main.

Dr. L. E). Newcomer.

Dr. J. E. McDonald.

Dr. A. £. Eberhart, Dentist, 107^ N. Main.

J. V. Lyons, Cafe, 204 S. Main.

Currie Hardware Co.

Balis & Vroom, Groceries.

Dr. F. G. Murphy, Murphy Hospital.
TRACY, MINN.

Youngreen & Nelson, The Palace Cafe.
CHICAGO, ILL.

Received from C. H. Everly, Lodge No. 424:

L. G. Cobb & Co., Jewelers, Room 602 103 State.
SAN ANTONIO. TEX.

Received from M. J. Garvey, Lodge No. 62:

J. F. Fentiman, Alamo Trunk Factory, Alamo
Plaza.

J. W. Tolin, Sheriff, Court House.
COVINGTON, KY.

Received from G. A. Morgan, Lodge No. 346:

Ben Miller, Saloon, State and Madison.

B. Limker, Pres. Covington Brewing Co., 133
W. 6th.

Newman's Cafe, 1240 Madison avenue.

Gus Wiechman's Cafe, 12th and Scott.

Jno. J. Craig, City Clerk, City Bldg.

J. R. Jamerson, Job Printing, 16 Pike.

Gus Olberding, Saloon, 17th & Garrard.

The Burnett Cafe, 16th & Maryland.

Fred Glade, Saloon & Groceries, Byrd & Garrard.

Bid Albers, Saloon, Pleasant & Garrard.

Jno. Donovan, Saloon, 1818 Greenup.

Jno. Osterholt, Saloon, 1016 Madison.

L. F. Schlichman, Undertaker, Embalmer, Liv-
ery and Boarding Stable, 1534 Scott.

Dotchengall Bros., Saloon, Robins & Banklick.

Geo. Kruse, Saloon and Groceries. 21st & How-
ell, S. W. Corner.

F. Shulte, Saloon & Groceries, 21st & Howell,
S. E. Comer.

Henry Heidel, Saloon, 21st & Russell.

Heskamps Cafe. 19th & Russell.

Jas. A. Kelley. Druggist, 15th & Russell.

A. Rivards, Cafe. 15th & Russell, S. W. Cor.
ALLEGAN, MICH.

Received from A. R. Arner, Lodge No. 897:

Central Drug Store, Roy St. Germain, Mgr.

Tripps Department Store.

TEMPLE. TEX.

Received from T. J. Stowers, Lodge No. 206:

F. A. Bentley Dry Goods.

A. B. Crouch, Wholesale and Retail Grain Co.

CLINTON, IOWA.

Received from Harry Wallace, Lodge No. 183:

Jas. Broodrick, Hotel Northwestern, 729 Ca-
manche avenue.

O. Hill, Drugs and Wall Paper, 922 So. 4th.

Ollie Rockabrand, Barber Shop & Pool Room,
918 So. 4th.

IOWA.

Received from H. Budwiser, Lodge No. 681:
DUBUQUE.

Jno. Kinzinger, City Attorney, 402 Alpine.

Telegraph Herald, 7th & Main.

Berg. Arduser & Co., Jewelers & Opticians, 708
Main street.

Dr. W. A. Cole, 9th and Main.

D. E. Maguire, Atty-at-Law, Security Bldg., 8th
& Main.

J. E. Skemp, Justice-of-the-Peace, 7 Main.

Jno Glab, Justice-of-the-Peace, 6th & Main.
OELWEIN.

Archie Sayer, Up-to-date Restaurant.

G. W. Weaver, First-Class Hotel.

CLIFTON FORGE, VA.

Received from J. C. Lane, Lodge No. 488:

C. F. Scntz, Jeweler & C. & O. Time Inspector.

Zimmerman & Co., Men's & Boys' Outfitters.

Powell & Mathews, The Temple Shoe Store.
FORT WILLIAM, ONT.

Received from F. J. Way, Lodge No. 806:

H. McCranor, Queen's Hotel.

Meagher & McKenzie, Empire Hotel.

Alfred Cooper & Co , Real Estate & Insurance.

Eoll & Clements, Clothiers and Furnishers.

Geo. EoU, Real Elstate & Insurance Agent.

R. Wiegand, Bobs Billiard Parlor.

J. & T. M. Piper, Hardware Merchants.

Rutledge & Jackson, General Merchants.

R. Strachanj Jeweler.

CHESTER, PA.

Received from W. A. Sill, Lodge No. 732:

Wm. J. Shields, Meat Market, 423 Concord avc.

A. Damico, Merchant Tailor, 1826 W. 8rd avc.
•VANCOUVER, B. C.

Received from J. H. White, Lodge No. 144:

Three SUr Wine Co., 118 Cordova, West.

G. L, Howe, c/o Metropole Hotel, Cordova, St.

Hill & Kerfoot, 69 Hastings, East.
ALTOONA, PA.

Received from J. W. Helman, Lodge No. 174:

Grant Yon, Mountain City Hotel.

Geo. L. Taylor, Pool, Cigars & Tobacco, 1323
11th avenue.

OHIO.

Received from Otto Stoll, Lodge No. 432:
AKRON.

H. H. Jacobs, Physician & Surgeon, Hamilton
Bldg.

F. E. Falor, Cafe & Restaurant, Cor Main &
Thornton.

Sellwood & Vogler Drug Co., T4 S. Main street.

H. Bartels & Co., Meat Dealers, East Exchange.

Stoners Cafe, 124 Bartges.
SO. AKRON.

Otto Schweitzer, Road Side Inn. R. F. D. 24.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

559

NIAGARA FALLS. N. Y.

Received from Wm. P. Crotty, Lodge No. 639:

J. R. McCarthy. Saloon. 1101 Fairfield avenue.

Ike Traub. Jeweler and Diamond Dealer. 1906
Main street.

McConnell Bros., Groceries and Meats. 2407
10th.

ONTARIO.

Received from P. T. Clark. Lodge No. 377:
BARRIE.

T. H. Baker. Booto & Shoes.

H. H. Olton & Son, Hardware.

Joseph White, Barrie House.

H. G. Boag. Oarkson House.

Alex Milen. Merchant Tailor.

William Moore. Shoe Merchant.
ALLANDALE.

W. B. Webh. Watchmaker.

W. A. Over«u Barber.

F. B. Smith. Druggist.

J no. Little. Boots ft Shoes.

J no. Webb. Gents Furnishings.

A. Marshall^ Butcher.

W. E. Allen« Allen's Hotel.

LONDON, ONT.

Received from Chas. Veech. Lodge No. 415:

J. W. Hockin, Barber. 112 Dundas.

Max Evoy. Barrister. 861 Elmwood avenue.

F. Thomas. Barber. 625 Richmond. ^

J. H. Chapman. Dry Goods. 126 Dundas.
Spital & Sabine. Dry Goods. 162 Dundas.
McLean ft Bros.. Dry Goods. 146 Dundas.

SANDUSKY, OHIO.
Received from B. C. Slates, Lodge No. 397:
Felix Wilber. Hotel, 907 Camp.
A. J. Nepeidley. Hotel. 1007 Camp.
Albert Steffenhagen. Saloon. 728 Hayes avenue.
Mart Luipold. Barber. 728 Hayes avenue.
Fred J. Schanbert, Saloon. 702 Hancock.
Chas. Ross. Hardware, Plumbing, etc.. 708 Han-
cock.

Chas. Fisher. Wines & Liquors, 438 Decatur.

G. Heinze. Meat Market. Cor. Decatur &
Monroe.

A. C. Thiem, Groceries, Cor. Decatur ft Monroe.

Chas. P. Fuchs, Groceries & Provisions, Cor.
Monroe ft Fulton.

F. P. Windisch, Groceries & Provisions. 601
Hayes avenue.

John G. Schlecht, Saloon, 600 Hayes avenue.

John M. Lenz, Groceries ft Provisions, 700
Hayes avenue.

BARABOO. WIS.

Received from M. E. Pierce, Lodge No. 177:

J. H. Harris, Wines & Liquors, 404 Oak.

Dithmar ft Carrow, Attorney s-at- Law.

J. R. Hofsfatter, GenM Mdse., 104 8rd.

Wm. F. Luther, Wines & Liquprs, 126 3rd.

H. Acott. Clothing and Gents' Furnishings, 130
3rd.

Koppke Bros., General Merchandise, 408 Oak.

Thuerer 6ros.« Dentists.

IRONTON. OHIO.

Received from A. Griffith, Lodge No. 766:

C. A. Crance, Barber.

LOUISVILLE, KY.
Received from M. J. Foley, Lodge No. 156:
Ashby ft Sayer. Merchant Tailors. 313 5th.
W. F. Morrison. Saloon ft Cafe. 430 W. Green.
Jas. B. Kelly. Deputy City Clerk. 1316 Rubcl
avenue.

TEXAS.
Received from John Appleby, Lodge No. 869:

SAN MARCOS.
E. H. Christian. Building Supplies.
G. F. Stevens. San Marcos Oil Well.

ENCINAL.
T. A. Coleman, Horses ft Stock.

LAREDO.
C. E. Richter, Department Store.
T. Elexander, Gents Furnishings.

DEVINE.
Dr. J. R. Evans.

SAN ANTONIO.
C. H. Dean. Vehicles ft Farm Implements.
Krauker ft Piper, Plumbers, 116 S. Alamo.
R. C. Lowry. Texas Overall. 401 N. Pecos.

TAYLOR.
R. MeisSk Barber. Main.

CODY, NEBR.
Received from Geo. R. Scott, Lodge No. 190:
Barnes, Jackson ft Co.. Hardware.
BURLINGTON, IOWA.
Received from M. L. Dowling, Lodge No. 26:
A. G. Keller, Cafe, 218-215 S. Main.
Hassell ft Gordon. Cafe. No. Main.
Ed Lutzeneer. Cafe. Je£Ferson street.
Murray Iron Works. Washington street.
E. A. Dunn. Dunn's Hotel.
Jos. Koch. Cafe. 911 Vine.
Phil Leicht. Cafe. Main ft Washington.
Ed Muckenstrom, Cafe, 211 No. Main.
J. E. Bloomquist, Cafe, 217 N. Main.
J. J. Wals, Cafe, 421 Jefferson.

KENTUCKY.
Received from G. A. Morgan. Lodge No. 845:

NEWPORT.
The Dorsel Co., Millers of Pride of Kentucky
Flour, 11th ft Monmouth.

Chas. L. Krinn. Sample Room. N. W. Cor. 10th
ft Boone.

Wm. Kneller. Phoenix Cafe. N. E. Cor. 11th
and Monmouth.

Marion M. Allen, Coal. Lime, Sand ft Cement.
10th ft Park avenues.
Thos. C. Brown, Coal Dealer, 839 York.
The Alhambra Tile Co.

Chris Schott, Jr., Cafe ft Bowling Alleys. 1124
Monmouth street.

COVINGTON.
Gus SUrk's Cafe. 1121 Madison avenue.
Al Hendrick's Cafe, 1110 Madison avenue.
Sam Goodwin's Cafe, 1101 Madison avenue.
Ernie's Place, Choice Wet Goods. 714 Madi-
son avenue.

Hills Cafe. 524 Madison avenue.
McGarvey's Cafe, 1514 Russell avenue.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Wm. Welling*! Cafe, N. E. cor. 11th and Madi-
son avenue.
Geo. Pohlmann, Saloon, 1143 Banklick.
Stratman's Sample Room, 879 Banklick.
Frank Rowencamp, Groceries, 16th & Greenup.
J. B. Schield's Cafe, 17th ft Maryland ave.
Levine Bros., Qothiers, 620 Madison avenue.
The Kenton Supply Co., Coal, Lime, Sand ft
Cement, 1516 RusaelL

EUREKA, UTAH.
Received from Ernest W. Johnson.
Frank Garrity, Barber.
Frank L. Lumley, Cigars.

CALGARY, ALBERTA.
Received from W. E. Evans, Lodge No. 663:
C. R. Hembury, Real EsUte.
W. J. McLelland, Empire Land Co.

SALIDA, COLO.
Received from W. Henry Curtis, Lodge No. 81:
H. Valentine, Barber, 140 Lower F.

PENNSYLVANIA.
Received from R. E. Leinbach, Lodge No. 344:

JERSEY SHORE.
P. H. Bninner. Barber.
E. C. Newell, Crawford Houae.

VILAS.
W. A. Bennett, Hotel Leland.

MISSOURL
Received from E. E. Schmulling, Lodge No. 57:

MOBERLY.
E. A. Willott, Barber. 408 W. Reed.
Roy Hulen, Oliver Hotel Barber Shop.
O. Burklund, Jeweler & Wabash Watch Insp.

R. Noonan, Groceries, Flour & Feed, 220 N.
Clark.

DALTON, MO.

F. Taylor, General Merchandise.
C Keyaer, Grain Merchant

CLIFTON HILL.
W. Rodger*, Poultry, Butter ft Eggs.

BRUNSWICK.
Tschaun ft Foggin, Hardware.

NORTH CAROLINA.
Received from J. R. IVmberton, Lodge No. 429:

SPENCER.
Gorman ft Green. Jewelers.
Spencer Drug Co.
A. J. Gemayel, Yadkin Qub.
Rowan Grocery Co., Wholesale Grocers.
W. P. Young, Grocer.
Spencer Mercantile Co., Grocers.
Spencer Supply Co., Grocers.

G. W. Connell ft Bros., Grocers.
Murray HoteL

J. M. Brown. R. R. Restaurant.

Brown Broa.« Meat Market.

Dr. J. G. Bosby, Medical Examiner.

SALISBURY.
Homer R. Miller. Cafe.
Huss ft Austin. Cafe.
John Moyle, Cafe.
G. A. Jackson, Cafe.

GAINESVILLE. TEX.
Received from Self:

F. H. Sherwood. Cashier, Lindsey National
Bank of Gainesville.

NOTICE OF GRAND DUES ASSESSMENT No. 107
JULY, 1907. TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.

Grand Lodge of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen

OFFICE OF GRAND SECRETARY AND TREASURER.

TO SUBORDINATE LODGES: Clivblamd. Ohio. Jumb 1, 1907

Dbar Sirs and Bkothbks: You are herabv notified that the amount of Twenty-F<ve
Cants for Grand Duas Assessment No. 107. for tho month of July, 1907, Is dua
from aach and overy member, and must be paid to the FInander before the first day of
July. 1907. A mamber falling to make payment as herein required shall be-
come expelled without notice or action. See Section 128. Constitution Subordinate
Lodees.

The Financlar ia requirod to forward said Assessment to the Grand Lodee before
July 5. 1907, for each member on the roll, and
for members admitted or readmitted during the month of

July the Financier roust sand this Aaaeasmant with ^^'^'-i^J^^
the report of admission as per Section 105. Constitution ^7 CP^K^
Subordinate Lodeea. -

Fraternally yours.

4ikmm6i

STATEMENT OF CLAIMS PAID DURING THE MONTH OF APRIL. 1907

CLAIM. MAMB. LODGB.

12269 J. A. Twogood 213

12478 Saml Wadel. Jr 847

12496 M. KilgarrifT 651

12580 J. C. Moak 845

12655 F. H. Kanooth 2^8

12621 Wm. Dowd 888

12622 Harry Devaney 490

12623 A. Womelsdorf 558

12624 S. K. Gilbert 848

12626 H. T. Patterson 580

12626 C. D. Kieley 87

12627 John Griffith 149

12628 D. A. Leary 404

PAID TO. ADDRESS. AMOUNT.

F. G. Bryner, Oerk of District Court, Belle

Plaine, la $1,000.00

The Commonwealth Title, Insurance & Trust

Co., Gdn., PhiladelphU, Pa 1,850.00

Tro. N. Walsh, Adm., E. Hartford, Ct 1,850.00

Katie Moak, Ludlow, Ky 600.00

Aflrncs Kanooth, Delano, Minn 1,860.00

Kacherine Dowd, Dunmore, Pa 1,860.00

Annie Devaney, Uniontown, Pa 1 ,860.00

A. Womebdorf, Providence, R. 1 1,000.00

Mary G. Gilbert, Oakley. Kas 500.00

Lou Quinn, Livingston, Ky 500.00

Elizafcth Kieley, Albany, N. Y 1,000.00

Emma Griffith, Philadelphia, Pa 1,850.00

Mary A. Leary, Charlestown, Mass 1,850.00

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Press onward until the summit you reach.

*
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There's room at the top for you I

Just keep your banners unspotted from sin,

••

Be honest, be brave and true.

••

For the righteous law shall conquer the wrong.

••

As sure as the darkest night

••

Is hurried away to mystical space,

••

Pursued by the prince of Ught.

We oft are disheartened, stumble and fall.

By stepping out of the way

Into what seems like a much smoother path,

Deceived by its blossoms gay.

Though the road we climb is barren and steep

And stones and gulleys are there,

'Tis better so for the journey of Hfe,

Than ease of a golden stair.

Tis luxury makes us both selfish and hard,

Its flow*rs are emblems of pride.

But the steep crags, though our courage may flag,

Gives strength in whatever betide.

So onward, still onward in storm and sun.

There's room at the top for you.

If whatever your task in life may be.

You strive to be just and true I

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PablialMd Monthly by the Brotherhood of Bai lro»d Trainmen .
Entered at the poet-offloe at Olereland, Ohio, as leoond-oIaMi matter.

D. L. CEASE
Editor and Manaobb

Sdbsoeiption Prick
$1.U0 Pee Year In Advance

Vol. XXIV.

JULY 1907.

No. 7

The Barbecue.

|NE of the entertainments pro-
vided at Atlanta was a genuine
old-fashioned Georgia barbecue,
tendered the Eighth Biennial
Convention of the Brotherhood, by the Or-
der of Railroad Conductors of Atlanta,
Georgia, under the directing care of Captain
C. D. Knight, familiarly known as Captain
Dee Knight.

Brother W. C. Puckett, chairman of the
entertainment committee for the Brother-
hood, extended the invitation to the delega-
tion in the easy, genial manner peculiar to
the Southland by saying, "You all are sure
invited to attend a barbecue at the White
City Park. It will be an old-fashioned
*Gawgey bahbecue* to which you all will be
heartily welcome. We will have the affair
in good time to meet the hungry demands
of everybody, about noon, or thereafter;
there will be plenty of good things to eat
and an old-fashioned way of eating them,
there will be music, and, whisper it quietly,
just a little joy water, not much, nor will
it be limited, but just enough, for, without
it, there could not be a genuine old-fash-
ioned Georgia barbecue."

The Georgia ^railway electric line hauled
something less than ten thousand of us out
to the White City to attend the festivities
and while the majority had heard the word
"barbecue," few knew what it meant and did
not know how to take hold. It did not take
long for th«m to become acquainted with

what was expected of them, and they
pitched into the barbecued meats, Bruns-
wick stew, sliced tomatoes, green peppers,
bread and other things that made up the
luncheon.

It was a unique experience to mix up in
good natured rivalry for the best of every-
thing to eat, and it was no place for the
gentle brother or sister who expected to
have things handed to him or her. It was
no place for an exhibition of masterly in-
activity unless the exhibitor purposed to
start for home hungry and thirsty. But it is
safe to say that very few went home with-
out being fairly well provided for. If they
did the fault was their own.

The illustrations will give a better idea of
what the barbecue was like than can be
given by word painting, although some ex-
planation will assist to make the matter un-
derstandable.

The animals are roasted whole over a bed
of live wood coals and there is no meat can
taste better. A long deep pit is dug and
the coals are bedded into it from a huge
wood fire on the side. The animals are
spitted whole, placed across the pit and
roasted slowly until they are thoroughly
cooked and as tender as a case of first
love.

When ever>'thing is ready the meats are
served in large portions to everybody. Each
participant is equipped with a wooden plat-
ter, the same kind in which one carries

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

A CROWD AT THE BARBECUE, ATLANTA. CA., MAY 17th. 1907

TRENCH IN WHICH THE MEATS WERE ROASTED FOR THE BARBECUE. Photos by Nelfon.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 666

A CROUP AT THE BARBECUE

AND THE BAND PLAYED AT THE BARBECUE

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566

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

things home from the store, and he is armed
with a tin spoon which serves several pur-
poses but is seldom carried home as a
souvenir.

The Brunswick stew is a compound as
mysterious as boarding house hash and re-
sembles dog feed as much as anything wc
remember but it ''eats" all right and tastes
very much like more. It is highly seasoned
and is made up of meats, some vegetables
and "other** things of which we know not
and were not too inquisitive. It went down
nicely, agreed with the roast pig and sheep,
tomatoes and joy water, and so there was
that feeling of comfort and satisfaction that
comes along after a good meal.

The collation was served on rough board
tables at which every body stood for there
were no seats. A barbecue is supposed to
be pulled off in a hurry and there are no
excuses offered for delaying the feed.

Everybody lined up to the front and made
the best of the situation, and a good na-
tured, well satisfied party it was, too, when
it realized what was expected of it.

The band played, when it wasn't eating,
and altogether the affair was very much en-

joyed and the hospitality of the Conductors
very much appreciated.

Several features, peculiar to the usual
barbecue were missing. There were no pol-
iticians to make speeches or kiss the babies
or talk nonsense to the ladies, but we could
very well get along without these usual ac-
companiments and give • attention to the
beauties of the White City.

The crowd took possession of the figure
eight, the dance floor, and the miniature
railway and enjoyed itself during the •after-
noon. The railroad train flew the track on
a curve, upset a couple of cars and dire dis-
aster wo!ild have followed had not Brother
George Anderson, General Chairman of the
Missouri Pacific, grabbed two or three cars
and held them from going down the bank.
The saved are now getting a medal ready
for him, maybe.

Anyhow, we all had a good time, saw
what a real old-fashioned barbecue was
like and, to tell the truth, it looked good to
us. Every minute spent with Captain Knight
and his crew was .as full of enjoyment as
the crowd was full of good things after the
barbecue.

The Stranger At San Marcial.

seventy.

JHE traveler, though scarcely past
middle age, was a withered lit-
tle shrub of a man — as thin and
crooked-backed as if he were
His face was angular and wiz-
ened. His eyes were little, and seemed half
closed; his mouth was big and amiable.
His whole countenance gave the impression
of sly good nature. He was dressed plainly
— almost shabbily — and carried a long gray
overcoat across his shoulder. His only
visible article of luggage was a grreasy, bat-
tered leather satchel, which he handled with
great care.

In spite of his decrepit appearance, the
man proved himself a tireless walker, using
a fong, swinging stride that carried him
ahead at a surprising speed. For more
than an hour he walked on steadily. All
at Qncc h« heard not far behind him the

squeaking of a brake and the bumping of
wagon wheels upon the rocky road. A few
seconds later the Antonio and Fort Stan-
ton stage hove into sight.

**Howdy !" shouted the big, red-whiskered
driver, heartily, pulling up his horses.

"The same to you, pardner!*' The voice
was surprisingly resonant

"Where you bound for?"

"Next town. How far is it from here?"

"Well, sir; San Marcial's every bit of
eight miles — and mighty bad walking in the
dark. Better jump up here with me! Got
plenty o* room!"

"Thanks, pardner, I don't care if I do!"
Thereupon he swung himself up beside the
driver with an ease that astonished this
good-hearted individual.

"You're powerful spry for an old man!"
he observed, admiringly.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 507

The stranger smiled slyly and nodded, stranded. When the crash came, he found

"Tomorrow's the Fourth of July," he mut- himself marooned in a little Arizona town

tered, half to himself. without even sufficient money to make his

'That's right," replied the driver, regret- way back to Phoenix. He had already writ-

fully. "ThereTl be big doin's at San Mar- ten to his brother in San Francisco; but

cial tomorrow — ^an* it's just my blamed he knew it would be many days before the

luck to have to miss 'em. By George! I'd money could reach him. Besides, his boy

give a dollar just to see the big shoot!" was at Phoenix. And at the thought of the

His companion seemed mildly interested, child — a little curly-headed rogue of ten —

"A shooting contest?" the father's eyes grew moist. Inured

"Sure! The big pistol-shoot for the though he was to long absence from his

championship of the county. There's a cold boy, he was suddenly seized with a longing

COMMITTEE ON RITUAL
J. S. Collins. No. 440 T. C. McUughlln No. 2 1 7
E. F. Snydor. No. 388 J. C. Ward. No. 223 C. M. Dukes, Chm , No. 737

hundred in it for Tim Whitsett. He'll win. to see him— to hold him in his arms. But
hands down." as yet this longing seemed cruelly far from

"I see," observed the stranger, quietly. realization. For as matters now stood the
The stage was now descending a ticklish man figured that it was at least a hundred
grade, and the driver's attention was wholly and fifty miles to Phoenix. And he had
occupied in guiding his horses— so that the just three dimes in his pocket. At last he
stranger was left to his own thoughts. He had decided to start out for Phoenix on
shook his head dubiously. San Marcial foot, hoping that perhaps something might
was, perhaps, the last place in which he turn up. At the moment when the stage
would have expected ever to find himself, driver had picked him up he was finishing
But this was before the "Royal Amusement his third day's journey.
Company" of San Francisco had been For a long time the man sat absorbed in

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668 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

hi$ gloomy thoughts, dreamily watching the cleared space where he could not be ob-
trees and rocks and bushes as they grew served from the road. He then cut a few
shadowy and indistinct in the thickening leafy boughs and spread them on;, the
darkness. He was roused at length by the ground. Buttoning his long, heavy over-
hearty voice of the driver. coat closely about him he lay down, and

"Well, pardner, here we are!" was soon fast asleep.

As the stage drew up the stranger San Marcial was at its best From the
thanked the driver earnestly. The men sparsely-settled surrounding country, cow-
shook hands, and the stranger jumped boys and ranchers — many with their wives
lightly to the ground. and children — had been straggling in since

"Good luck to you !" called the big driver, daylight. Now at noon the street was alive

Then cracking his whip and shouting at with figures. Lounging in front of Sai^

his wiry, thin-necked sorrels, he sent them Marcial's three saloons in evenly-numbered

COMMITTEE ON CLAIMS

J. H. Wesley, No. 85 W. Dougherty. No. 140. Ohm.

P. Steele. No. 255 J. P. Ogden. No. 90 K. R. Vought. No. 338

down the main street of San Marcial at a groups were about thirty ranchers and va^

spanking trot. The stranger watched the queros — whites, Mexicans, and Indians,

lumbering stage as it pounded away through Nearly as many horses were tethered to the

the darkness, and long after it was out of scrub, oaks at the side of the road,

sight listened to the rapid clatter of the The stranger in San Marcial walked

horses' hoofs. Then he looked about him. thoughtfully up the street, and stopped a

Except for a few stragglers the street was moment before the saloon that looked most

deserted. The man deliberated a moment, promising. Then gripping his satchel firmly

Then he began to walk rapidly down the he walked in. The place was crowded with

street, continuing his pace until he came to noisy, demonstrative fellows. Some .were

a dense patch of brush just outside of the drinking at the bar; others were playing

town. Plunging into this he found a small cards in the back of the room; the rest

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL 5GD

were standing around the big, barrel-shaped night before. Placing his satchel carefully

stove. As the stranger entered there was upon the ground he opened it and took out

a momentary hush which he could not but a chamois-covered package. Untying the

notice. buckskin strings he unwound the chamois-

The loungers gaped at him, sized him up sl^in wrapping until four superb pistols be-
critically and looked amused. The bar- came visible. They were of the finest
tender indulged in a smile that was bland, workmanship, the barrels long and slender,
politic, almost imperceptible. Those at the Taking the gims up affectionately the
bar rested their glasses for a short stare, stranger scrutinized every part. He tested
Then gradually the stranger became less the trigger, the cylinder, and the sight,
and less an object of interest, until fin- Then apparently satisfied, he reloaded each
ally he was scarcely noticed. chamber carefully, and put the pistols back

Reading the signs aright the stranger in their wrapping.

COMMITTEE ON GRAND LODGE OFFICERS' REPORTS
M. S. Mayse, No- 280 J. W. Harrison. No. 100 W. L. Moorhead, No. 312

Charles Bpgue. No. 29 S. D. Warron. 151. Chm.

walked up to the bar, and putting down a Holding out both hands with the palms

dime quietly ordered a whiskey. He swal- downward, he regarded them, critically.

lowed the fiery stuff with a slight grimace, "Steady as a rock !" he muttered to himself.

and was about to leave when he heard some And the little eyes twinkled merrily from

words at his elbow which caused him to under their half-closed lids.

keep his place. The talk at his elbow went At 2 o'clock an occasional straggler might

on. And as he listened the lines of his have been seen entering the vacant lot be-

good-natured mouth relaxed broadly and hind Shield's saloon. By 3 o'clock a crowd

the bright little eyes twinkled. He whirled of two hundred men had gathered there.

about, left the saloon, and walked rapidly At the far end of tlie lot were two old

until he came to his resting-place of the army targets, freshly painted/irhite^.

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670 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

which the great Shields himself, chalk in the judge's stand, he raised his hand for

hand, was at this moment placing a num- silence:

her of concentric circles. A large, crudely- "Fellow-citizens, the following contest is

lettered placard placed midway between the for the championship of San Marcial Coun-

two targets announced that the great pistol ty, and a prize of $100 in gold. It is open

shot contest for the championship of San to all comers. The rules are as follows:

Marcial County and a prize of $100 in gold Each man must empty four six-shooters,

was to begin at 3:30 — sharp. which are to be drawn from the holsters

The placard called it a contest. But as a and fired. Two holsters are to be worn at

matter of fact everybody in San Marcial the belt and one under each armpit — and

felt pretty certain that there would be only each brace of pistols is to be put back in

one contestant. Pitted against a goodly its holsters before the second brace is fired,

number of men-^11 more or less noted for In deciding the points, the number of shots

A FEW OF THE BOYS AND GIRLS AT ATLANTA

their prowess with the pistol — Tim Whit- in the target and the time taken to put
sett had twice given conclusive proof of his them there will both be counted. I am now
superiority. For the last two years he had ready to receive entries."
carried off the prize — badly defeating the A burly, red-fac?d rancher slouched out
best of his competitors. As defeat seemed of the crowd, and, stepping up to the sher-
certain and there was only one prize, no iff, said something to him.
one else now cared to enter the lists. But "First entry — ^Tim Whitsett !" shouted the
then San Marcial considered Whitsett's sheriff. The crowd cheered faintly. Whit-
shooting alone worth the seeing. sett was a bully, and had few friends.

The judge of the contest was no other There was a pause. Then there arose a

than Bob Evans, sheriff of the county, general .snicker which gradually swelled to

Mounting the box which had been set up a great roar of laughter. A hundred fin-

against the back of the saloon to serve as gers were pointed at the queeis insignificant

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

fi^re that was now seen approaching the
judge's stand. Then they began to hoot
him. It was the stranger. With his loose
coat removed his thinness and dwarf-like
stature, were ludicrously accentuated. Paus-
ing a moment he drew from his pocket a
large pair of glasses, wiped them carefully,
and placed them upon his nose. At this
move the risibilities of the crowd burst out
anew — and the stranger was saluted with
cries of "Grandpa!" "Humpy!" Appar-
ently oblivious of the noisy ridicule that

sleeved arms came to an incredible quick
level and stiffened. Six double reports
sounded — and a sprinkling of black spots
showed on the white surface of the target.
Still smoking, the empty pistols were
flashed into their holsters. Then both
hands flew upward, touched for an instant
the shoulders, and shot out again. There
was a bright gleam of steel — and again
came six rapid double reports. Whitsett
shoved the pistols quickly into the shoulder
holsters and swaggered into the back-

A GROUP AT THE EIGHTH BIENNIAL CONVENTION. ATLANTA. GEORGIA. MAY, 1907

his appearance had provoked, he spoke a
few words to the sheriff.

Then the latter, struggling vainly with
his countenance, announced, with gusto:
"Second entry — Henry Jason, of San Fran-
cisco !"

Whitsett was laughing immoderately. As
soon as he succeeded in reducing his mirth
to a very broad smile he took his place on
the mark.

"Ready!" called the sheriff, watch in
hand. "Fire !"

Whitsett's hands swept swiftly, almost
mechanically, to the holsters. The red-

ground. The sheriff ran down to the tar-
get, counted the shots, and made a note of
the result. Then he returned and mounted
the box.

"Score of Tim Whitsett! Time: Thir-
teen seconds. Target score: Four in the
bull's eye, nine in the first ring, six in the
second, five in the third. This breaks the
time record and target record made by Mr.
Whitsett last year."

The crowd responded but faintly. It
hated to see Whitsett win.

Jason's face was stern and immovable as
he took his positioiL Thie laugh that had

672

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

started among the crowd died away invol-
untarily. Whitsett's face alone wore an
expansive smile of contempt. After all the
crowd had begun to think that there was
something inscrutably cool and business-
like about this little misshapen tenderfoot

Jason's eyes were fixed alertly upon the
target. At the word "Fire!" the blue, da-
masceened pistols leaped so swiftly into his
skinny fingers that the spectators could nt)t
follow the movement with their eyes. They
saw only a flashing double crescent of steel.
Then, before any one had comprehended

lightning-like succession. Then, deftly
catching the descending pistol, he emptied
both guns with incredible rapidity and
seemingly without aim. Returning the pis-
tols to their holsters with some quickness,
he leaned coolly against the judge's box, his
face as inscrutable as ever.

Then San Marcial went wild. They did
not wait for the score — they knew good
shooting when they saw it. They liked a
man, moreover, and appreciated one— even
if he did happen to be a tenderfoot. Whit-
sett, with a scowl of rage on his bloated

CONVENTION CROUP. ATLANTA. CEORCIA, MAY, 1907

what was happening both pistols were
whirling high in the air. San Marcial held
its breath. In a moitient the pistols had
descended, and twelve reports rang out so
rapidly that they seemed to blend into six.
With a quick twist the wonderful little
stranger sent the guns into their holsters.
Again, almost before . the thoroughly-
amazed crowd knew what was taking place,
a new pistol ^glistened in each of Jason's
hands. This time only one pistol flew into
the air — and as it whirled in the sunlight,
the magician discharged the other twice in

face, slunk into the crowd. He knew that
he was beaten — knew that San Marcial re-
joiced in his defeat.

The sheriff hurried across the lot and
examined the target. As he once more
mounted the box the silence was profound.

"Score of Henry Jason, San Francisco.
Time: Eleven and one-half seconds. Tar-
get score: Seven in the bull's eye, twelve
in the first ring, five in the second: Which
breaks all records !" The sheriff drew him-
self up to his full height, and as soon as
the shouts and cheers of the crowd had

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 573

subsided, went on : "As sheriff of this coun- That night Henry Jason, lately of the

ty and in behalf of my fellow citizens, I Royal Amusement Company — but better

want to apologize, Mr. Jason, for the known to a few seekers after curious infor-

shabby way we treated you. And I want mation as the champion trick pistol shot of

to congratulate you, Mr. Jason, on the fin- the world — lay back contently in the big,

est handling of shooting irons ever seen in padded se^ of the south-bound Antonio

Arizona!" Thereupon he handed Jason five and Fort Stanton stage. His right hand

shining twenties. rested lightly upon the handle of a greasy,

Jason pocketed them with murmured battered little satchel. His left hand was

thanks, bowed low to the crowd, and re- hidden — but from the ample folds of his

paired at once to the saloon where, sur- gray overcoat came the faint, yet unmistak-

rounded by an admiring group of citizens, able clink of double eagles. Out of the

he cleaned and polished his pistols until the darkness he seemed to see a curly-headed

blue, damasceened barrels fairly sparkled, little rogue coming breathlessly to meet

This done he replaced them carefully in him. And as he meditated dreamily upon

their wrapping. the pleasant illusion, a happy wistful smile

"Good-day, gents," he said, evenly, and played about his lips. — By Julian Josephson,

left the saloon. iit San Francisco Argonaut.

Life And Limb vs. Dollars And Cents.

BY AN OBSERVER.

JiNE thousand seven hundred and the total killed and injured, given above
three killed; 86,008 injured in for 1JK)6, 59,^31 were employes; 3,807 hav-
twelve months ending June ing* been killed and 55,524 injured. One
30th, 1906. Twenty-six killed; out of every 113 in the train service was
238' injured every day last year,, What do killed, and one out of every 9 injured,
these figures mean? They represent the Is this to continue? What have we done,
number of people killed and injured, not at and what are we doing today to cut down
the battle of Waterloo, Gettysburg or .Bull this casualty list? Many conditions aro
Rim, but by the railroads of the United primarily the cause of these astonishing^
States, last year. figures, such as the greed for high speed.
I do not want to criticise this, the best the demand for increased earnings, the non-
government on earth, but why do we aljow equipment of lines with automatic block
this frightful slaughter to continue, for signals, the defective train order system,
slaughter it is, and no other name can you used, etc. Are we unable to determine
apply to it. Is it because we put no value what to do? We, the foremost railroader;
on human life, or is it because "we need in the world ! Shall we stand idly by, and
the money," and will not spend it to pro- see thousands upon thousands killed and
vide the necessary safeguards to prevent, in injured, annually? Are we not humane?
a large measure, the killing and injuring of What of our humane societies. Here is the
so many of our people. opportunity for them to take the initiative.
Is it because we are unable to pass the and stop at least to a great extent the hor-
necessary legislation to stop it? Seven rors we read of every day. — "Many killed
thousand one hundred and ninety-four col- in a railroad accident."
lisions and derailments in 1906, 970 more Only a few days ago, the above words
than in 1905, thereby killing 1,061 and in- were used as head lines in one of our pa-
juring 14,261 persons. Is it not possible to pers, when many excursionists returning
cut this one item down? If it is, why home were hurled into eternity. When
don't we make tlie necessary move? Of these fearful wrecks happen, wha^ lessons

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574 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

are learned from them? Should the causes at the rate of sixty miles an hour, an un-'
be passed by unheeded? Is there an official safe speed on many of our railroads today,
investigation made public of them ? No matter how fast a train runs between sta-
If two tug boats have a collision what is tions, if it stops five minutes to meet a
the result ? An investigation, and the blame train, it is a slow train and road,
placed where it belongs. But, on our rail- Is it not true that our trains in nearly all
roads which carry many more thousands cases travel beyond a safe speed, and would
of people than our steamboats, and where not dare travel as fast if the safety of the
many more are killed and injured than on traveling public and employes were taken
water, no investigation is held. Is it possi- into consideration ? This must be true when
ble for a coronor's jury, which has had no we look at the accident record since Jan-
railroad experience, to get at the bottom of uary 1st of this year, which shows twenty

COMMITTEE ON SALARIES
A. McLean, No. 367 J. R. Carr. No. 374 G. W. Hummell, No. 1 87

J. A. Peeps, Chm., No. 618 J. P. Weaver, No. 42

these accidents ? When are we going to bad wrecks with many lives lost, due to fast

wake up to these facts? This year, next running;. At the same time, you and I will

year, or when? not patronize a slow train or road, and, so,

This greed for high speed, as it has been in a measvre, are to blame for this exces-

nicknamed — what is it, and who is to blame sive speed.

for it? Is it not the public demand to One often irsiy hear, "It took us twelve

travel fast? One riding on a passenger hours to come liom Kansas City, 400 miles,

train today, no matter on what road, often which is an average speed of 33^ miles

hears such remarks as, "This is the slow- per hour." But, how fast between stations

est railroad and train T was ever on, and I did our train travel to maintain this average

will never ride over this road again." At hourly speed? It would surprise many if

the same time, the train has been running they only knew. Thtrty-th^ee andj one-
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 575

fourth miles an hour for twelve hours is made to see these facts in this light, the
means on many of our busy trunk lines to- quicker we are going to get relief. Let us
day, an average speed between stations of have safety before speed If we lost in one
50 to 60 miles an hour. Our railroads are battle today, 9,000 of our soldiers, what
not able to operate high speed trains today, would we do and say ? Still some of our
ninth safety, and why ? Simply because they greatest battles during the Civil War do
^d not make the provisions for them, with not equal these figures,
tiic. necessary safety appliances. Fast trains ^i,^^ ^f ^^^ y^i^^^ system? They tell us
are run today because we demand it, and ^^at we have 53,173 miles of track using
not because it is safe to do so. The safe ^^e block signkl systems. But, do they tell
operation has not received enough atten- ^^ ^^at kind? We have only 9,743 miles
tion, and is lost sight of in the demand for *
increased earnings. Efficient appliances cost
money; human life is held too cheaply to-
day.

Dollars are in the Scales, and anything —
even life — is given to make them balance.
True it is, and has recently been shown by
the Harriman disclosures, that our rail-
roads have gotten in the hands of a few
so-called railroad men, who really are
financiers, and who attempt to railroad in
Wall St., instead of on the road, giving
little heed to the protection of those who
ride on their cars.

What of this demand for increased earn-
ings? Let us compare the net earnings of
these railroads for the last fiscal year with
the loss of life and limb. The net earn-
ings of 313 railroad companies, covering

216.960 miles, was $764,272,832.00

Income from other sources

was 140,158,736.00

THE CHOIR

or a total of $904,431,568.00 T. D. Schuyler. No. 632 C. H. Spotts, No 383

nearly a billion dollars. J- S- Collins. No. 440 W. W. Brady. NO. 694

On the other side of the scales, we have caSd'p^'iSn^J^njS^^whT^^^

the list of killed and injured given above. i^-'.^^-n^-'S tt'li^^^^

Nine thousand seven hundred and three lanta Convention and the rreat crowd in the lobbies joined

« Ml J J oz* A/\o • • J n X At. «.. in with them, nutking it resound to their music and good

killed and 86,008 mjured. But, they say, cheer. When a i^reat eatherlne of p«>ple can sing as

not all of these casualties are the fault of JJ^f^jliJ^th^them! ^'**'*''' ~"^ *^*'* *' "^***"*
railroads, many of them being contributory

ticgligencc. If so, let us take one-half of ^f automatic block signals, which are the

this list, and then we have 4,851 killed and Q^iy ^^^^ n^^^ signals that afford the nec-

43,004 injured; 47,^55 that have suffered, ^ssary protection. If the annual cost of

and for what? So that our railroads could collisions that could be prevented if the

make a net earning of a billion dollars. automatic signals were used, was put into

We read of the Frisco disaster with the this kind of signals it would go a long way

horrors pictured. It moved the world, but, toward completing the mileage that is not

did the 9,703 that were killed by the rail- now equipped. Think of it! Two hundred

roads last year move the world? No, not and twenty thousand miles of track in

even the United States, and this in com- round figures, and yet less than 10,000 miles

parison with the 500 lives lost .in the San of a strictly automatic block system. Isn't

Francisco disaster. The quicker Wall St. it really "penny wise and poundjoolish" ?

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576 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Isn't it really false economy? There is one of our train orders. Why was it that the
question I would like to see answered by railroads fought the 16-hour law? Was it
the railroads. Is it not a fact that the for its safety? Not much, It was because
block signals we have today are being ope- it was going to cost them money. Only re-
rated as money savers instead of life sav- cently we find an editorial in the Railway
ers? Isn't it a question of dollars and Age, saying that the Safety Appliance Law
cents vs. life and limb? Some editorials had fulfilled its mission, and yet we killed
we notice say it is defective discipline. I and injured nearly 60,000 railway employes
think not ! This is another loop hole last year. Did you ever see these figures
through which they are trying to squeeze, given in the press? Publicity is a great
How is it that the C. & N. W. has nearly feature with our press today, but not on
perfect discipline? Recent tests on this railway accidents, as far as going into their

COMMITTEE ON OFFICIAL ORGAN

A. W. Icks. No. 282 A. Whitson. No. 35 1 J. L. Rowe, No. 332

C. D. Ingles. No. 676, Chm. G. W. Boughton, No. 598

line of 1,625 signals tried did not show one detail is concerned. Yet, wc arc told that
faihirc. What did the railways learn from one-half of our railroad accidents are pre-
Mr. Spencer's death? Have they made any ventable. If this is true, why don't we
decided improvement in their now defect- make the move to prevent this one-half,
ive block system, and their now defective How quick the railroads have been to
train order system ? Not only do we need cry about too much legislation so that they
more mileage of automatic block signals, cannot operate trains for two cents a mile
but a better system of handling our train at a profit, and at the same time try to con-
orders. Experienced men in the service vince the public that they cannot make the
know this, necessary repairs and improvements on ac-

Many accidents are due to faulty con- count of material being high-priced and
struction, delivery and the understanding money short. If this is true,^ho has^made

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 677

it so? Do they not tell us in the same the world, and, yet, how many of us realize

breath how the country has outgrown the the danger we run when we travel today?

railroads, and are unable to handle the I believe there has been no question "since

commerce of the country? the Civil War that so affects the people as

Some of the prominent railway ofHcials this question of railroad operation,
call it unjust criticism. Call it what you ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ prospects of relief? What
will, it is what has been needed these many ^,^^1^^^^^ have you and I made for relief
years. How quickly the General Managers ^f ^^is question. It is not what can be
and Vice Presidents were to write articles ^^^^^ ^^^ ^j,^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^.^^, ^j^^ ^^^
to try and convince the people they were ^.^ ^^ have-increased earnings, increased
wrong. What have they said, and how ,^^^.^^„^^^ economical operation, or a de-
many articles have they been m such a ^.^^^ ^^^^^^ j^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^jj,^^ ^^^ .„.
hurry to write about our mcreasmg ace-
dents? Eleven per cent of all the men em-
ployed in the train service in the state of When we sum it all up, and look the
Washington were cither killed or injured question in the face, rather than in the
last year. back, as we are now doing, is it not true

Our railroad mileage is the greatest in that it is a fight between dollars and cents

the world. In proportion to the population, and life and limb, with the dollars and

we travel more than any other people in cents winner before we start?

Child Labor.

BY VIRGINIA C. ELLARD, SA.XBV's MAGAZINE.

|HE future of our children is now The cruel acts in regard to child labor

becoming a question of national have been placed plainly befqre the people,

importance. It is a subject so Public opinion has been aroused as to the

interwoven with the survival enormity of the crime. We know that child

and vitality of good principle among our labor is not only ruining the moral condi-

people that it should at once appeal to the tion of our children, but is having the same

sympathetic co-operation of our zealous so- deteriorating effect upon the employes

cial reformers. These should be willing themselves, who seem unable to realize the

agents to promote the necessary changes in disastrous results which the system entails,

the unjust conditions which exist at pres- They can look with indifference at the bent

ent in our industrial life. forms, the pinched cheeks and the dull eyes.

The wails of helpless children come from without sympathy and with no desire for

mine, mill and factory. They come from reform. Greed seems to have blunted all

surroundings where the lives of these poor the finer feelings and sensibilities in men,

little abortions of humanity are in constant whose highest ambition appears to be to

danger. fill bank vaults and to jingle money in their

The child has a natural right to be placed pockets, while all noble aspirations are

in such a position as to be able to develop choked by gold ere they are unfolded in a

every faculty which lies dormant within it. generous deed.

Men, either as philanthropists or loyal citi- As the crusade has been started against

zens, should, by every means in their power, the spread of contagious disease by the es-

assist in this reform. We can not look tablishment of improved methods for the

with tolerance upon any industrial enter- purpose of subduing it, so must the philan-

prisc which flourishes upon the slavery of thropic public continue to wage war against

children and the subversion of human any further slaughter of innocents. Better

rights. for the child would be its destruction at

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578 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

birth than to drag its brief existence ity, as well as for the credit of our coun-

through a few years of suffering; or, if sur- try. The time has come when public in-

viving, to meet its other lamentable destiny, dignation must inveigh against blood

either in a prison cell or to follow the cor- money. When we make a holocaust of our

rupt career of a degenerate citizen. children's lives and characters, we possess

Appeal to individual corporations will nothing less than the heart of a savage and

avail nothing. Some of our strongest in- the moral nature of a beast,
dustrial forces are using all their influence A child is sacrificed and falls in its

to retain these children in this terrible tracks. No one is held responsible. The

bondage. It will take persistent energy on ranks are soon filled, and the monster,

the part of the people to efface the iniquity Greed, again devours. Legislation must

ELECTRIC ENGINE. HAVANA CENTRAL RAILROAD. CUBA

which permeates our industries, at the ex- come to our rescue. Our hopes rest in the
pense of human life and morals. effective measures which our statesmen
Our duty now is to protect the child, in ^"^J" ^^f P°«'«^ to inaugurate. Sena-
order to save our nation from a race of ^"^ Bevendge presented before the Fifty-
, . ^ J J ^ xu • •* ui nmth Congress a Child Labor Bill, which,
anarchists and degenerates, the inevitable . . * , , •,* ^ , .
-^ , . . L 1. . It is to be hoped, will be taken up and
result of Ignorance and brutalizing sur- j u .^ ^ ^ j i. •

\^ 7, , passed by the next Congress, and bnng

roundings. Under the rule oi child labor ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^.^^^ reformatory result,

the little ones are the prey of forces which ^ven if the revenue to the railroads di-

are sapping their vitality to such an extent minish, the loss of money will be more

that scarcely a vestige of health or of moral than overbalanced by the upright principle

character remains. We have an issue which and the strict sense of justice which will

must be confronted for the sake of human- characterize us as a nation.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S jOURNAt.

679

Cuban Railway Traffic.

GEORGE RICE.

I FIND that there are some pretty
good steam roads in Cuba, but
with ample room for improve-
ment. The same old custom of
buying up second hand truck from other
countries and reconstructing it over for the
local service, prevails here as in the Philip-
pines. I came here with the army last Oc-

locomotives and cars get in the hands of
the native engineers and trainmen, the out-
fit is made to be quite effective. In the
first place no one seems to be in a hurry
here. There is always plenty of time on
the railway as at the dining table. And
at the latter place the Spaniards and Cubans
while away hour after hour, talking, eating

A CUBAN ENGINE, CENTRAL HAVANA RY.

tober and have had several extensive rides
on the Cuban railways with troops. They
are pretty slow in moving us. In America,
we soldiers are prone to object to being
held up in troop trains while the cattle
trains go by. But after having traveled a
number of times on some of these Cuban
roads, a man ought to be quite content
with the American plan of traffic. As above
stated, much of the rolling stock has seen
service in other countries. However, with
the reconstructing and adjusting which the

and drinking. The steam cars, like the
electrical line of cars, are intensely accom-
modating and will wait until everyone says
good-bye to his friends. Ample time is
given at every station to get off and view
the scenery.

The tracks seem to be clear for many of
the trains, and the other train is not sent
forward until the first one lands somewhere.
There are but few accidents as the engineer
keeps a sharp lookout, and as he is always
moving slowly he has an abundrmce^oi tX2|ck
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580 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ahead , on which to apply the brakes and some of the lines of road, I observed num-
stop. erous wagons employed in moving heavy
While the engine and the cars give forth stone to the lines for conveying to Havana
a plainly discernible sound of rocking and and other central points. This stone is a
rolling parts as if the journals of the cars soft material, readily cut with axes. The
were all loose and in a worn condition, the builders of the cities utilize it in the con-
trains almost always stay on the track, struction of large structures.*
Still, on several occasions, the trains went I know of several branch lines which
down between the rails, due to the spread- would hardly keep running if it were not for
ing of the same. This is something which the freight business in hauling these large
often happens in Cuba. It occurs on the stones. Then there is the general market
electrical street car lines too. There is a trade. On Fair days or market days, con-
failing on the part of the native track men siderable business is done by all of the rail-
in keeping the rails correctly adjusted. They roads in carrying people and merchandise.

GATEMAN. CUBA

are always spreading. Hence it is not an I felt a keen interest in the engine and
unusual event to run along on the ties a train crews. Most of the men are Cubans,
fraction of a mile. But no one minds this although there is a sprinkling of Spanish,
very much. While the traffic of passengers and now and then one sees an American en-
is not an overburden to some of the lines gineer or fireman. The pay is not nearly so
of roads in Cuba, the freightage is. There liberal as it is in America, hence about the
is a great amount of freight to be hauled, only time an American runs on an engine
particularly in the sugar cane districts. It is when he is hard up and needs work. The
would be difficult to determine what some train crews are almost exclusively Cubans
of the roads would do without the patron- or Spaniards. They do not come out in
age of the sugar manufacturers, the lumber the blue uniforms so familiar in America,
men and the stone people. In traveling over They wear a grey cotton^arb, which is

:'G5'6f(

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL, 681

quite neat when kept clean. But cost of some of the American roads in the United

laundering is high in this land, and gar- States.

ments are often worn when soiled. There- The average traveler depends upon what

fore I observed that th,e uniforms of many he carries in his lunch basket or what he

of the trainmen of the roads were not in can pick up along the line. And many of

a tidy order. Then some of the crew are these eating stations along the line, if any,

inclined to vary the uniform with white are not as clean as we are accustomed to see

jackets, and these white jackets become in the United States. The Cuban cooks and

spotted with daubs of axle oil which makes waiters do not take much pride in their

them very unsightly. places. Things are thrown about quite

The trainmen are accommodating. They promiscuously. Refuse of all kinds may be

may not have any baggageman to handle seen about the place and odors are frequent,

your trunk at the smaller stations, but you often to the extent that healthy patrons

GOAT TRAFFIC BETWEEN RAILROAD AND SURROUNDING TOWNS. CUBA

can call on a train hand. Of course his have their cravings for food affected and

palm is ready for the coin, but this is not fail to dine at the place.

necessary, and it need not cost yon any- s^^gtimes when you take a night ride

thmg unless you desire to tip him ^.^^ ^^^ j^p^,,^ ^p^^ ^ ^^^^^ p^„^^„ „f

r found trouble .n gett.ng meals along j^^^^^ ^^^ sometimes you cannot. I always

the hne. There are some cars "Particular ^^^^ ^p ^^^ ^.^^ ^^ ^j^ ^p -^ „,^ ^^^^ ^„j

and cars Especalla, etc wh.ch are beau- there through the night. There may be

ties, these are reserved for nobihty. That u .i. u ^ ^u • i u-* «. *u^,.^^f

, , , , , , ^ , some berths, but other inhabitants thereof

is the stockholders and great men of the , • . j *. • r «j *^

_, r . r . predominate, and you are not mclined to

country. These cars are finely fitted up ,,

. . ^. . . .... J 1 . occupy the same.

with dining facilities and sleepmg accom-
modations. In fact, some of the reserved I understand that many innovations are
cars are superior in design and ornamenta- r.nder way. 1 am told that some American
lion to the special cars of the officials of engines and cars are to be brought here

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582

RAimOAt) THAtMMBN'S JOURNAL

and put on the roads under American di- be scoured, and various other improvements

rection; that the trains are to be speeded are in sight. The lighting of the cars is

up ; that the dust covered engines are to good where they are using the carbide tanks

be cleaned and refitted; that the rattling and acetylene jets. Oil lamp lighted cars

bearings of the engines and cars are to be are gloomy and too dark for reading pur-.

THE LINES ARE FENCED AT CROWDED POINTS. CUBA

re-babbitted or re-furnished; that the car poses. The trainmen will, when the

windows are going to be washed; that changes are made, have regular dean

some insect powder is going to be put into clothes days, and we look for a new order

the berths ; that the, floors of cars are to of things in the near future.

The Prevention Of War.

JHE international peace conference
is something not to be taken as
a serious matter, unless its
chief promoter, defender and
supporter, Mr. Andrew Carnegie, is re-
garded as the whole affair.

The peace conference is good only in that
it permits several nations to send represent-
atives, who can be spared from the army or
nav>' for a brief period, and a few near

statesmen, to sit solemnly in conference and
discuss ways and means to an end that no
nation can afford to abandon while the
peace conferees play a make-believe game
to keep up appearances, just for what pur-
pose none has thus far demonstrated.

Mr. Carnegie is doubtless more in earnest

for peace now than he was several years

ago when his paid detectives were fighting

the striking employes of his great mills at

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

583

Homestead. Old men appreciate the bless-
ings of peace, while young men think little
about it. There is too much red blood in
the average young man to want to sit by
the fireside and wish he had been born a
girl when the guns begin to pop.

The dream of international disarmament
may be continued, but it never will become
a part of an international redization. If
such a thing did happen it would mean the
waking up of the nations some fine morning
to look at a fist fight between people who

rails and sells its navy for junk will have
the experience of every weakling when he
meets his superior. It is not human to
overlook the weak points in either men or
nations, and regardless of how the old men
may feel in council, it will always be the
young man for war.

Mr. Dooley, of Archey Road fame, has
said his say regarding the peace conference
and a portion of it refers in a most convinc-^
ing way to the haste shown and the reasons
to get to war. He also makes a timely ref-

HAULING STONE TO THE CARS. CUBA

could not and would not agree until one or
the other had been licked into submission.

The best preventive of war is to be well
prepared to fight and to know how to fight
when peace demands fighting ability. This
little old land of ours does about as much
chasing about with the traditional chip on
its shoulder as any of them, yet it is not
guilty of too much indiscretion when ex*-
changing "sassy" talk with a first-class na-
tion and, so it is with the others.

The nation that turns its arms into steel

erence to the degree of danger between the
warrior and the railroad train employe that
deserves special remembrance. In part he
said:

"An' Andhrew did it all. A great man, a
great little man, finest advertisement iv oats,
Caledonya*s favrite son an' a product that
Pittsburg ought to be glad she turned out.
He done it all, th' fine little man. He got
a grudge agin War as a pursoot. He
pitchered in his mind thousands iv young
men throwin' down th' useful pick an*

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584

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

shovel an* takin* up th' more aisily carrid
rifle an* exchangin* th' hon'rble blue over-
alls an' red flannel shirt f'r th' degradin'
khaki an* yellow boots an' slouch hat with
sabres crossed on it, an' goin' off on a
thrain without payin' anny fare, an' th'
thought filled him with horror.

"War certainly is hell, as Gin'ral Sherman
said with a smile. What cud ye imagine
more dreadful thin a young man that has
had his life consecrated to hon'rble toil chas-
in' off to th' ignominyous pursoot iv arms?
Today he is sarvin' his counthry well be
pushin* a small thruckload iv soft coal up
an incline that Barnum ought to have in

counthry's honor an* th* foolish artyzan says
to himsilf: 'Be hivens this looks good to
me. I'll be fine in th' kind iv clothes th'
boss wears whin he comes down to th'
foundhry fr'm a ride in th' park. It'll be
gr-reat fun, somethin' like a bricklayer's
picnic at Willow Springs but not so dan-
gerous to human life, I am f'r war, an*
maybe Mary Ellen McGraw that's so struck
on that fresh fellow in injine two will see
me whin I march away an' know that
manny a thrue heart beats outside iv th*
fire departmint.'

"An* so he tells th' -foreman what he
thinks iv him an' his fam'ly away back, an'

A D. & H DOUBLE HEADER. LODGE No. 296

his circus f'r th' loop th' loop lady, or in-
jyin' a quiet afthernoon in July blowin'
glass, or thrippin' lightly fr'm car to car on
a fast freight an* sometimes gettin* undher
th' viaduct an' sometimes hurtin' it with his
head. If he on'y knew it, he's a man we
ought to be proud iv. He's a man we ar-re
proud iv. He's a man Andhrew Carnaygie
wud be glad to go up to an' grasp him be
th' hand an' say to him : Thank ye. me
good fellow ; go back to wurruk now.'

"But somebody comes along an' blows a
bugle, th' newspapers tell him that 'tis up
to ivrybody not engaged in th' dissimina-
tion iv news to sthrike wan blow f'r his

manny a man buys him a dhrink an' he en-
lists an' gets into free clothes that he used
to rent f r a dollar f'r the Mardy Gras Ball
at F'inoocane's hall. An* he marches
through th' sthreets with th' banners wav-
in' above him an' maybe th' boss lookin' on
an' sayin': There goes wan iv me fellows.
If I didn't have so manny inthrests at stake
I'd like to lead him. He'd follow me
through hell,' — an' ye bet he wud, too, an'
often wisht that he'd have a chance some
day. An* he comes to th' deepo where
cow'rds he niver knew shake him be th*
hand, an' his father an* mother cry over
him, an' sthrange ladies Mss up tp him
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585

baskets full iv th' kind iv food he niver
saw befure excipt at surprise parties, an',
be hivens, there standin' on a thruck is
Mary Ellen McGraw.

"She is thryin' to atthract his attintion,
takin* a hank^rchief out iv her mouth an*
wavin* it an* thin puttin' it in her mouth
again till she thinks she's caught his eye an*
thin wavin' it furyously, an* half gigglin*
an* half cryin* all th* time. He sees her,
but he don*t let on ontil he can't stand it
anny longer, an* thin he gives her a sur-
prised look an* hollers out: 'Why, Miss
McGraw, hello there;* an* whin th' whistle
blows an' th' thrain pulls out he doffs his
hat carelessly as an old sojer shud, an'
Mary Ellen waves her hankerchief so far
forward she falls off th' thruck an* tells th*
hayro iv th' hose cart that she will go home
alone with her grief, thank ye, an' th' fire
fighter goes back to th* injine house an*
fairly throws away a game of dominos with
th' pipeman.

"'Tis this thrajedy that Andhrew has
broken up. An* he's right. Ye look on
this here young fellow as a hayro. And-

hrew an' me look on him as a deserter.
That's what he is, too. He's left his proud
position in th' industhrcel army. He's
abandoned his post. He's quit Andhrew.
He ain't to blame. * * * *

**But to a lad, war's a picnic. H he didn't
feel that way there wudden't be anny wars.

"Ye can't convince th' kind iv young fel-
low that ye get fr sojers that it's a peril-
ous occypation. He knows it ain't, com-
pared with th' kind he's used to. Larkin
has th* figures, an' he can prove to ye that
anny man brakin* on a first-class American
railroad listed on th' New York Stock Ex-
change has about five times as good a
chance to be kilt as th' most inthrepid so-
jer. How manny old railroad men d'ye see
around? An' how manny vethrans iv th'
Grand Army iv th' Raypublic? I know *tis
wrong fr a conscript in th* industhreel
army, who's detailed to th' important post
iv cannin' white lead to fly his jooty whin
he's called upon to go out an* shoot fr'm
behind a three at foreigners that he used
to throw bricks at, but ye can't prove it to
him.'*

Our Mad Evolution/'

JOSB GROS.

|0 honesty and philosophy stand
by the cardinal equal rights of
all men." Is there anything
obscure or complex in the con-
ception that those twelve words embody?
And yet, how few men are still unwilling
or unable to catch the full meaning of that
sentence! It represents the esence of human
development. It carries in itself all the re-
ligion and Christianity and philosophy and
science we need for a life worth having,
the very kind that few men if any manage
to ever have for any length of time. As a
matter of fact we establish our own manu-
factured religion and Christianity on the
absurdity that humanity has not yet re-
ceived the power to develop but in the
midst of a perpetual chain of sins and
blunders and murderous conflicts, conflicts
which actually kill, not only our bodies, but

our souls ; in the sense that we pass through
life terrestrial with but a fragment of the
joys and manhood that a healthy civiliza-
tion would give to all of us.

.\s an endorsement to some of our pre-
vious thoughts we shall now condense an
article published by the North American
Retnew, March 15th, on ''Trusts.**

"Man must be selfish or else he goes
down. We must have capital so we can
employ the working multitudes, and give to
small investors some income from interest
and profits in the large combinations, that
we may produce the wealth we all need,
and build up railroads for transportation.
We need banks to regulate and diffuse the
money supply that helps production, and
give to many the means to do some kind
of business. Large concentrations of capital
need large profits to face the great losses

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• S :■

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 58?

of the risks they often have to run for the destruction, and to prevent men irom
sake of meeting the increasing needs of wasting their savings in some foolish non-
civilization. All this comes not from the sense. The natural resources that God has
force of any laws but those of industry, created * * ♦ the working people could not
The same evils have existed ever since men use that land if we were not here to tell
held property. We have to have captains of them : "Please keep out of that land, which
industry, men endowed with great organiza- is our own. You can only live and work
tion capacity in industrial affairs. They on earth when we allow you so to do, and
themselves can only exist in so far as we fix the terms by which we shall let you live
have large numbers of men to be led so that and work on the face of the planet."

to become useful workers and citizens. Our .^, ,.,. ... , ^ - e

, ^ , , . . ^ . And still those tremendous captams of

only trouble ,s that some men misuse ^p.- .^^ ^j,^ ,^^.^ wonderful capacity to

tal that belongs to others Capital then ^^^^^ j^^, ^ ^^,^ ^^

requires every possible protert.on and se- ,^^ ^^^„^ jj,^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^

cunty from government TJie very well ^^j,, ^^^^ stupendous fellows need to be

bemg of the community needs that capital ^^^^jl ^ .^. .,

L ij 1. r 1. . . J i_ .1. .' protected by government; and the whole

should be fully protected by the entire com- ^^ .. .'* . . ' i. ^

. „ community, the working masses, have to

' ^' tell the captains of industry : "Here we are

As we write on the latter part of May. ^^^dy to keep you alive, so that you may be

over two and one-half months have elapsed ^ble to perpetrate all the industrial iniquities

since the publication of the article we have ^^^ y^^^ selfishness may suggest to you."

condensed. None of the many important

papers over which we have an eye has found '^"^ '^8^'^ °^ despotism and monopoly,

anything wrong in what we mentioned as *^« ^^^ ^^''^^ P''^"^^ ^^^ s^« ''^ults;

the kernel and substance of the contribution *^^^ ^°K^<^ ^^^ ^^^ays been as follows:

in question. It is then considered correct "Civilization, progress, government, society,

by the men who control the destinies of ^"^^"'*<^' education, religion; all must com-

our nation. If the prince of darkness could ^^^^ ^'^^ and sanction a certain tre-

talk, or if any group of despots who lived mendous and all pervading crime, the crime

forty centuries ago, could get out of their ^^ giving to some men the legalized power

graves; they all would find that article ad- ^^ r^^ ^^^ «•««* o^ the natural resources by

mirably adapted to their own ideals about ^^^ created for the equal and full fcenefit

what civilization should be. It follows then o^ ^11 men. That crime should be perpe-

that our today's progress rests on the same trated in forms indirect but effectual, so

old principle of selfishness, monopoly, in- that over ninety per cent of the race shall

justice and industrial barbarism of ever only be allowed to retain a small portion

before. of the wealth they may be allowed to pro-

T. ^, . xi. c X / II duce. That crime shall give to one, two or

It seems that wc, the finest fellows every- , .. , . ,

u i. .L L J r ^i. J J X- three per cent of each nation, the power to

where, at the head of the advanced nations, , ... ... .... . • • i- .

_..^ic. .. . ••lA-^oo what they like with the destinies of the

must be selfish or perish, when civilization , , . i. ., tt . »

,. _* J xTUj ij rest of the human family. Under such con-
would come to an end. Nobody would ... . .,,.,.

.... -I J u 1 • ditions few men shall evolve brains clear

build up any railroads, no banking concerns, , ... . .

.. , _ , . • * -r enough to see how the above mentioned

no capital, no money could exist if we, . ** , , , • .

t • jt ^ ^ . ^ cnme can be suppressed, blotted out, and.

captains of indu^ry, were not here to . , , * .

superintend our crazy Madam Civilization. |^?"»^ our control of education, and re-

What could the working masses do without ^'g^on, and the law-makmg power we, the

some of us, the only few men whom God ^^^' ^^^" f^™*'" the masters of the many

has seen fit to endow with the faculty of ^""^ centuries untold,

employing the multitudes and organizing in- When we are dwelling on the endless

dustry? Not even the small employers conflicts and aspirations of humanity, some

would find any money or capital with which wise pietist is apt to try to close up the dis-

to handle their concerns, nobody could have cussion with that grand dictum of all des-

any income from interest and profits if we potisms and injustice, viz: "We all must be

were not around tO save humanity from satisfied with what God allows us to have,"

» 1

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Is that so ? And, therefore, we must keep on
satisfied with a civilization that does not
allow God to have any thing to say about
the life that we all have been having ever
since Cain murdered Abel! God wants us
to have peace and joys and all the physical
elements indispensable to a sanitary and
sensible existence. We decree that we shall
have nothing of the kind. We want the
conflicts of selfishness. We want occasion-
al military wars because we wish a constant
war in all industrial life. We want the
perpetual war of rebellion against all divine
law. We want monopoly and sin as the

fundamental principle on the throne of
every national group.

We thus discard the righteousness of the
Father at the very foundation of all human
growth. That forces God to limit his help
to men to some of the incidents of our ter-
restrial existence, and to curtail the bad re-
sults of our combined and collective perpet-
ual enmity against the bottom commands of
the Father. When shall human folly stop it*s
mad evolution ? When shall we see that it is
much easier to be in peace with God's sim-
ple laws of joy, than in peace with our laws
of sorrow and sin?

Getting A Living,

BY PROF. IRA W. HOWERTH,

The University of Chicago.

JETTING a living is a problem
in the practical art of getting
wealth. Wealth, though only
one of the elements of com-
plete living, is an essential one. No wealth,
no life. In some manner all who live must
get a living, using the word living as equiv-
alent to the material means of life. Now,
aside^.from downright theft or robbery,
there are three methods by which a living
may be obtained. They are the parasitic,
the predatory, and the productive.

The parasitic method is most clearly ex-
emplified by the pauper and the idle rich,
though these by no means exhaust the list
of social parasites. In the animal and plant
worlds a parasite is any organism that lives
upon the body of another. So a social para-
site is one who gets his living from society,
appropriating by virtue of law or custom,
or personal relationship, the products of
the labor of others, but without resort to
fraud, theft, or violence. The social para-
site need not necessarily be idle, but he
produces nothing. He may live in rags or
in splendor, but economically he is a mouth
without hands. Society as a rule condemns
him, but it does not recognize the true ex-
tent of the parasite class. It includes the
tramp, the vagabond, and the pauper in its
conception, but is slow to recognize that
the idle rich belong in the same category.

Said Prof. Caimes, the celebrated econ-
omist, in a passage often quoted : "It is im-
portant, on moral no less than on economic
grounds, to insist upon this, that no public
benefit pf any kind arises from the exist-
ence of an idle rich class. The wealth ac-
cumulated by their ancestors and others on
their behalf, where it is employed as capital,
no doubt helps to sustain industry; but
what they consume in luxury and idleness
is not capital, and helps to sustain nothing
but ' their own unprofitable lives. By all
means they must have their rents and their
interests as it is written in the bond; but
let them take their proper place as drones
in the hive, gorging at a feast to which they
have contributed nothing."

Economically, then, the pauper class and
the "leisure class" come to the same thing.
Both classes exemplify the parasitic method
of life.

This method of getting a living carries
its own penalty. Parasitism always results
in degeneracy. Dependence brings help-
lessness. The strengthening and ennobling
effects of useful labor are lost to social
parasites. It is consequently impossible for
them to develop in themselves, the highest
character. At the same time they prevent
others from attaining their highest develop-
ment. For these reasons, if for no others,
they should be frowned upon by society,

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They deserve and will receive the contempt of labor has always been held. Productive

of all right-thinking people. labor, at first imposed upon the slave, be-

The second method of getting a living is cause more irksome than hunting and fight-
to obtain by fraud, force, or cunning, ex- ing, has brought with it, even into our time,
erted within the pale of law, a share of the the taint of slavery. Hence to live upon
product of labor. It is the method of the labor, rather than by labor, has always been
grafter, the exploiter, the business man who a badge of respectability. But when we
divorces his business from morals— of all examine the real nature of predation, and
who take from those who make. The es- its economic results, we see that it differs
sential difference between those who follow from robbery in no respect save its legal
this method and those who employ the sanction. The same instinct and percep-
method previously spoken of, is the differ- tion, however, that led society to outlaw
ence between the animal parasite and the the thief and the robber must sooner or
bird or beast of prey. The first depends later induce it to take the same step in re-
upon others, the second preys upon others; gard to all who live by preying upon their
hence it is called "predatory." Those who fellows. Things which are equal to the
live by the predatory method are not idle, same thing are equal to each other.
On the contrary, they are often among the jhe third method of getting a living is
most active members of society. They may by actually producing the commodities upon
be distinguished from the real agents of which one lives, or their equivalent, or by
production, however, by the limitation of rendering adequate service in exchange for
their economic function to the matter of them. It is illustrated by all who, with
altering to their own advantage the tlistri- min^j ^r muscle, are engaged in the process
bution of the wealth produced by others, of creating utilities. This is the method
They work, but, as it is sometimes said, of productive labor. It is the only method
they work the workers. Instead of doing that has even a relative justification. It
something, they do somebody. works no injustice to others. It develops

It is obvious that those who live by the character, individual and social. Society

predatory method are not ethically super- has been slow to recognize its peculiar eth-

ior to social parasites. Economically they ical merits, but the time must come, if right

are alike in this, that neither produces, is to prevail, when it alone will be stamped

And, yet, throughout history the predatory with the mark of social approval,
life has been regarded as dignified and hon- Society, then, may be roughly divided

orable. The destructive soldier, the plun- j^to three classes, determined by the sev-

dering baron, the exploiting capitalist, have eral methods of gaining a livelihood. These

ever been the men most admired and emu- are the producers, the plunderers, and the

lated. What man today does not feel com- parasites. The line between these classes is

plimented if you speak of his aquiline or ^aguc and ill-defined. A man may belong .

leonine qualities, or who would not get ^q each of them at different periods of his

mad and want to fight if you should liken ^^ Indeed, he may belong to all three at

him to a sheep or a dog? The lion— the once. Some of his wealth may be produced

typical beast of prey— is still the symbol of by himself or earned, and some appropri-

our ideal type of manhood. Only one of ^^ed parasitically or predatorily. But usu-

the great teachers of the world has had the ally men follow one method or the other,

wisdom to perceive, and the courage to and are hence susceptible to classification

proclaim, that the truly ideal qualities are on the ground here suggested. Economic

those of the much despised domestic ani- function, the mode of getting a living, is

mal. This he did when he said, "Blessed indeed the true basis of a scientific division

are the meek: for they shall inherit the of society into economic classes. Mr.

^^''^^•' Ghent, in his book entitled "Mass and

Of course the historical explanation of Class," proceeds upon this ground and di-

the dignity and honor attaching to the pred- vides society into the following classes :

atory life is simple enough. It is the same Wage-earning producers, self-employing

as that of the contempt in which the life producers, social servants, traders, idle cap-
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italists, and retainers. This classification
only represents a more refined analysis.
The significant fact is that there are such
classes. It is useless to deny their exist-
ence. It is absolutely necessary that it be
recognized if we are to arrive at an ex-
planation of the present conflict of opinion
in regard to questions of capital and labor.

As long as these different methods of
getting a living are followed, and as long
as the classes arising from them continue
to exist, there will be differing and con-
flicting views of the problems of life and
labor. For nothing is clearer than that a
man's economic and ethical views are af-
fected by his mode of life. If you wish to
know what a man thinks of a given prob-
lem, study his interests. Interests deter-
mine views more frequently than they are
determined by them.

Why is it, for instance, that the em-
ployer is likely to be suspicious of trades
unions, to oppose the raising of wages, the
reduction of the hours of labor, and the
closed shop, while the laborer may be ex-
pected to favor them all ? It is not because
either is necessarily ignorant or dishonest.
It is because each belongs to a specific class
having specific economic functions and in-
terests, and the thought of each is affected
by these interests. The employer may per-
suade himself that the particular thing
which he opposes— the union, picketing, the
closed shop— is "un-American," "subversive
of the fundamental principles of our gov-
ernment," a "violation of liberty," and may
swell with the soothing conviction that he
, is the champion of human freedom, but the
fact will remain that self-interest is, as a
rule, his primary motive, and that his prof-
its are the sacred ark of the covenant
which he so zealously defends.

So the laborer may plume himself on his
superior morality, and denounces the vil-
lainy of "profit-grinding," the social harm-
fulness of the open shop, the degradation of
piece-work, and the like, but it will be none
the less true that behind it all stands the
wage scale which is the primary object of
his jealous care.

Does it follow that both are equally
right? Not at all. Both may be equally
honest, but which one is right depends upon

which one stands for the permanent inter-
ests of society, which one represents most
nearly the ethics which are destined to be-
come universal.

Now it so happens that, as has been
pointed out, the productive method is, of
all the forms of getting a living, freest
from the element of spoliation. The ethics
of the producing class must, therefore, most
nearly approximate the final form. The
two great moral convictions that have arisen
and gained general acceptance among pro-
ductive laborers have been described by
Mr. Ghent as the ethic of usefulness and
the ethic of fellowship. The ethic of use-
fulness he" defines as the conviction that
work of social value is the only title to in-
come; that when no social service is ren-
dered no reward is due; that the man who
will not work is not entitled to eat The
ethic of fellowship or brotherhood is the
conviction of the duty of friendly associa-
tion and collective effort for mutual bene-
fit. These two ethics are fundamental and
permanent. They must become universal,
for they are necessary to the highest kind
of living. The method of getting a liveli-
hood that violates either of them must be
supplanted, for the hope of the world is
that the life of each will so enlarge and be
so ordered that in getting a living no one
will in any respect interfere with the rights
of others to life, or prevent his own phys-
ical, mental, moral, and esthetic develop-
ment.

Ethical considerations, then, demand that
the various economic classes of society be
merged into one — the producing class. This
would lead to identity of interests, which
alone can bring unanimity of opinion, and,
as a consequence, industrial peace. It is
obvious that this whole matter is primarily
a question of creating or transforming
opinion — ^a question of education. Some-
how men must be made to see and feel that
to live by the labor of others is unjust, de-
grading, and dishonorable. They must be
made to realize, not merely the respectabil-
ity of productive labor, but also that with-
out it as an element of life no man can
really live. Living will then become in part
the result, as well as the true object, of
getting a \i\ing,— American Federationist

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591

The Housing Problem In Wisconsin.

llTHINlhe
I last few
Jmon t h s
widespread
interest in housing
conditions has been
aroused in Wiscon-
sin by a monograph
recently issued by
the State Bureau of
Labor and Indus-
trial Statistics. This
report is the result
of a law passed by
the legislature call-
ing for such an in-
vestigation. The in-
terest aroused is
due not so much to
the size of the prob-
lem as to the fact
that all of the ele-
ments of unsatisfac-
tory housing condi-
tions exist in some
degree and need
only time and public
indifference to de-
velop dangerous
proportions which
will make the prob-
lem, owing to its na-
ture, exceedingly
difficult to solve.

The detailed in-
vestigation in Mil-
waukee covered
eight districts which
were supposed or
known to contain
insanitary or crowd-
ed conditions. The
first district chosen
was the ghetto, in-
cluding about seven-
teen blocks, west of
the Milwaukee river
and about eight
blocks north of the
main business sec-
tion. This territory

DBSSA KUNZ. Charities and The Commoms.

was formerly occu-
pied by Germans,
but it is now in-
habited almost ex-
clusively by Russian
and.Hungarian Jews.
The steady immi-
gration of these
people is constantly
increasing the size
of this Yiddish
quarter and also the
density of popula-
lation within its
borders. The chief
evils found here
were a number of
old and dilapidated
buildings, a consid-
erable number of
basement dwellings,
insufficient and in-
sanitary toilet pro-
visions, unclean
houses and yards
due to careless hab-
its of tenants and
•the confining o f
chickens in base-
ments by "kosher"
butchers. A degree
of overcrowding was
also found in this
quarter, alth o u g h
the evil of one-room
overcrowding was
not so serious as in
other sections of the
city.

The second dis-
trict covered a con-
siderable area di-
rectly north of the
main business thor-
oughfare, extending
from the first alley
north of Grand ave-
nue to the southern
boundary of the
Jewish quarter, and
from Second street

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to about Eighth or Ninth. Throughout this
section the interior of blocks and the rear of
lots present an array of sheds, shanties, dilap-
idated dwellings and a general appearance of
shiftlessness so foreign to the larger and
better part of Milwaukee, that the investi-
gator feels himself transported to a strange
city. This is not a tenement district, how-
ever, as the buildings are small, few con-
taining more than one or two families, and
the number of basement dwellings is limit-
ed. But in this district the small houses are
often so crowded upon a lot that not one
square foot of free yard space remains. By
this crowding of buildings, exterior win-

CATCH BASIN FOR THREE BUILDINGS
Foreign Homes. Milwaukee, Wis.

dows are rendered useless in many cases
for lighting or ventilation and dark rooms
are developed which equal in wretchedness
those in the largest tenements. Other evils
are dirt, decay, improper drainage, defective
plumbing or none, rear dwellings, open base-
ments which become the receptacle for all
manner of rubbish, and an accumulation of
garbage in back yards. In some cases the
only means of securing water upon the
premises is from a pump or hydrant in the
immediate vicinity of the garbage pile. This
district contains within its boundaries six
blocks inhabited chiefly by Negroes.
The third district investigated included

about twenty-seven blocks in the lower
third ward between Lake Michigan and
the Milwaukee river. The majority of
the inhabitants of this section are Ital-
ians although a few Irish still remain, the
remnant of a large Irish population inhabit-
ing the ward before the fire in 1892, which
swept over this section, destroying many
dwellings and scattering the inhabitants.
This district now contains a considerable
number of small tenements in which the
greatest evils are basement dwellings,
dark sleeping rooms, inadequate light
and ventilation in living rooms, and lack
of cleaning and repair. Many of the
lots left vacant by the fire are now occu-
pied by dilapidated frame dwellings which
were moved on at a later date. In some
cases no space is left between houses on
adjoining lots, so that exterior windows
are here rendered useless, and insanitary
dark rooms are developed in these small
frame dwellings. Rear yards are badly
drained and water stands in many cellars.

The fourth district selected for investiga-
tion was Jones Island, a part of the city
directly south of the Italian district, sep-
arated from the mainland by the Kinnikin-
nic river. This so-called island, which is
really a peninsula formed by a sand bar,
is inhabited by Polish and German fisher-
men and their families. The houses are
one-story frame cottages crowded in at ran-
dom, with no attempt at the formation of
streets. With a very few exceptions, each
house contains but one family. The dis-
trict has no city water supply, sewerage,
paving or light. At the time of inspection
the only police protection it received was
in the appearance of an officer upon the
island once a week. Some eflFort has since
been made by the city to furnish light and
more adequate police protection.

The fifth district included the *longshore-
men*s homes, mechanics' homes and cheap
lodging houses along South Water, Clinton,
and Reed streets in the fifth ward and Kin-
nikinnic avenue in the twelfth ward, which
establishments are notoriously insanitary,
overcrowded and badly constructed and
regulated.

The sixth district included a small sec-
tion of the seventeenth ward in the
vicinity of the rolling mills, where are situ-

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593

ated a number of Italian and Hungarian
lodging and boarding houses. The major-
ity of these are conducted by a man who
is known as the "boss" and his wife, who
cares for the rooms and does the cooking.
The relative cleanliness of such establish-
ments depends upon the degree of over-
crowding and the personal habits of the oc-

alone is an unsafe criterion for judging
housing conditions. Too many other ele-
ments enter to aflFect the death rate. But
since in Milwaukee, basement dwelling is
common among the Poles, as is also con-
siderable overcrowding in the small cot-
tages, it was deemed advisable to make a
detailed inspection of a typical block in or-

BASEMENT DWELLINGS IN ITALIAN DISTRICTS. MILWAUKEE. WIS.
All of the apartments in this building have dark rooms.

cupants, but in general the standard of liv-
ing is deplorably low.

The seventh district selected was a typ-
ical block of dwellings in the fourteenth
ward, which is one of the most thickly
settled wards in the Polish district and has
the highest death rate per thousand (15.87)
of all wards in the city. A study of vital
statistics soon proves, however, that that

der to ascertain with some degree of ac-
curacy the housing conditions generally
prevailing there. Among the various facts
brought out by the investigation those re-
lating to basement living rooms seem of
greatest significance. Of the forty, one-
story, one, one and a half story, and three,
two-story houses on the block, forty-three
had basements, thirty-seven of which were

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594 . RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

BASEMENT APARTMENTS, MILWAUKEE. WIS.
Two totally dark rooms and all low, damp and dark.

used as living rooms find contained in all An inspection of the building records
thirty-nine families. Since 1892 it has been showed that the number of multiple houses,
unlawful under the city building' ordinances those built for the use of more than one
to occupy for living purposes any basement family, had increased rapidly. During the
less than eight feet high or with a ceiling last eight years 2,293 such buildings were
less than four feet above the level of the erected, the largest containing thirty-seven
curb. Of the thirty-seven basements used separate apartments. Although the major-
as living rooms in this block, twenty-three ity were intended for the better class of
conformed with the law while the remain- tenants and built to meet the requirements
ing fourteen varied from six feet to seven of that class, these buildings present some
and one-half in height. Six of the number features which should have been forbidden,
had ceilings less than the required height the chief one being insufficient light in
above the curb. Although none of the sleeping rooms and hallways. In their
basements contained water at the time of economy of land space they arc already be-
inspection they were not constructed damp- ginning to find a counterpart in the poorer
proof or water-proof and the air was invar- quarters where the construction is less san-
iably damp and chill. itary and of a cheaper class generally. The
The in3pection in Milwaukee ended with facts disclosed by the investigation prove
an investigation of the scattered colonies of that present conditions warrant more strin-
Austrians, Hungarians, Greeks, Slovaks gent regulations in the construction of
and Macedonians, who inhabit old build- such buildings,
ings in various parts of the city. In addition to the overcrowding of in-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 595

habitants, serious evils in construction of people as the case may be, and the front
buildings add to the unsatisfactory housing room is also used as a sleeping room as
conditions. The rear tenement is a con- well as general living room. In the base-
stantly increasing element and the back-to- ment and first floor of each house the mid-
back tenement is not unknown. The most die and rear rooms are so dark that lamps
striking example of the latter class is il- are kept burning throughout the entire day.
lustrated by a group of four tenements, two The evil of dark rooms prevails more
front and two rear, placed back to back on largely in the Italian quarter than in any
a lot of forty feet front by one hundred other. One of the most serious cases was
and twenty feet in depth. A passageway found in a tenetyent of nine apartments
three feet four inches wide extends from which contains from three to seven rooms
front to rear between the houses. The open eaclh Every apartment has one dark room
space between the front and the rear houses and, owing to a peculiar arrangement of
is four feet eleven inches wide. The side wood and coal bins, each basement apart-
walls of the houses are built within a few ment has two such rooms. These dark
inches of the side lot lines. The space be- rooms are small and are almost entirely
tween these buildings and those on the ad- filled by one or two beds, a trunk or chest
joining lots is so narrow that it cannot be and rows of clothing hanging on the walls,
cleaned out, and remains the receptacle for In such crowded quarters cleaning is diffi-
all manner of garbage and refuse. It is cult, the dirt goes unnoticed in the dark-
plainly evident that windows opening on so ness and the bedding is seldom if ever tak-
narrow a space are useless for light or ven- en out of doors to be subjected to the puri-
tilation. The apartments in these houses fying effect of light and air. In two in-
consist of three rooms on each floor, one stances while the inspector was examining
at the front, one across the middle and one dark rooms, the mother explained that a
at the rear. The rear room in each case is little child which had occupied the room
used as a kitchen where the cooking, eat- had slowly sickened and died, apparently
ing and washing and drying of clothes is without aify cause.

done. The middle room is used as a sleep- The worst illustration of dilapidation

ing room, accommodating from four to ten and decay, both in kind and extent, was

SLEEPING RCX)M IN AN ITALIAN BASEMENT. MILWAUKEE. WIS.
The room is sixteen feet kms, fifteen feet wide and nine feet six inches high.

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FLASHLIGHT OF AN UNLIGHTED BASEMENT LIVING ROOM. MILWAUKEE. WIS

found in a three-story frame building which
at an early date had been used as a hotel,
but had at last degenerated into a neg-
lected barrack which furnished a dwelling
place for a shifting population who ex-
pected nothing from it save the shelter of
its roof and walls. The whole building was
shockingly insanitary and structurally un-
safe. The walls were bulged and the roof
was sagged; the floors were black, broken
and uneven with accumulated dirt ; the plas-
ter had fallen off on patches and gave forth
the musty odor so common in old buildings.
This house which sheltered forty-four peo-
ple had no fire protection, no plumbing and
no sewer connection. All water used for
domestic purposes was secured from a well
in the yard. The inhabitants seemed to be
united in the opinion that carrying water to
the third story was quite enough trouble
without carrying it down again, so all waste
was disposed of through the windows. On
the second floor the garbage and other
waste was poured on to the roof of a one-
story addition in the rear. On the third
floor, to avoid the trouble of raising the

sash, a pane was knocked out and a trough
put through and into this trough the gar-
bage and sewage was poured and scattered
over the yard below.

The few cases herein described represent
but a part of the housing problem. Tene-
ment groups, dilapidated rear dwellings,
winding stairs, sinks and closets in public
halls, defective drainage, insanitar>' base-
ments and insufficient fire protection are
also among the evils disclosed by the in-
vestigation. The relation of insanitary
housing conditions to the spread of tuber-
culosis in Milwaukee was treated of in the
report, as was also the present lack and
great need of small parks in the crowded
districts.

It was also apparent that the cheap lodg-
ing or boarding house was quite as serious
a menace to the welfare of the community
as the tenement house. These establish-
ments were found to be so numerous, so
overcrowded, and so insanitary, as would
warrant description in the report with the
prospect of their more stringent inspection
and regulation. Many are permanent and

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 597

bear signs of denoting that they are lodg- eign colonies. Groups of men, numbering
ing houses, especially those along the river from five to twenty each, are found crowd-
or near the docks, and a few on the border ed into few rooms in any building so old
of the Negro quarter. But in addition to that the rent is low. One example, not the
these there exists a large number of foreign worst, but typical of a large number, was
lodging and boarding houses scattered in found in the Hungarian colony in the vi-
various sections of the city. To locate all cinity of the rolling mills. An old one-
of these will be a difficult matter as the story building, formerly the village engine-
number is large and constantly increasing, house, sheltered seventeen pe9ple in four
The story of overcrowding and insanitary small rooms. One of these rooms, as is
conditions was practically the same for all usually the case, was reserved for use as a
investigated. Few bore a lodging house kitchen where the cooking, eating and
sign, for all seemed to depend upon their washing were done. This left three rooms
patrons for advertisement. The plan was to be used as sleeping rooms by seventeen
evidently successful, and seemed to extend people, one of whom was the wife of the
even to Europe, for at the time of inspec- proprietor and another his daughter, a girl
tion many of the lodging houses contained of fifteen years. An inspection of the house
newly arrived immigrants who had secured was made in the afternoon and at that time
the addresses of such lodgings before leav- several of the lodgers were asleep in the
ing Europe. beds. It is probable that here as in many
The evil of one-room over-crowding is other cases the beds were occupied at night
growing to be a serious problem in the for- by another set of men who workeii during

OPPORTUNITIES FOR REFORM LEGISLATION. MILWAUKEE. WIS.
The rear dweliine in the center was occupied, at the time of the inyestigation by twenty-nine

Hungarians and Slavoks.

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598 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the day. It is difficult to see how health inspector who had made the investigation

and decency can be preserved under such and the local health commissioner appeared

crowded conditions. before the council to recommend its pas-

The cases where groups of men boarded sage. It is gratifying proof of the active
themselves were fotmd most often among interest of that body concerning housing
the Greeks and Slovaks, as there are prac- conditions in the city that the ordinance
tically no women of those nationalities in was unanimously recommended for pas-
Milwaukee. Fortunately the furnishing in sage by the committees on public buildings,
the rooms occupied by these men is scanty, grounds and judiciary and was passed by
as little or no care is given them. Often the council.

the sleeping rooms are so crowded with The ordinance covers lodging houses and
beds that it is necessary for the occupants tenement houses intended for the occupancy
to crawl over one bed to get into the one of three or more families, and deals with
beyond. The bedding consists simply of a regulations enforceable by the Health De-
mattress stiff with dirf^ an equally filthy partment

quilt and a pillow. If an adjacent room is The State Bureau of Labor and Statistics

used as kitchen the bread and uncooked undertook to draft a housing bill for pres-

meat are usually found on the table amid a entation to the legislature which would

swarm of flies ; otherwise the provisions are cover lodging houses and tenement houses

stored in pine boxes nailed against the intended for the occupancy of two or more

walls over the beds. families; and would deal with fire protec-

It is not owing to lack of room that peo- tion and fireproof construction of buildings,

pie live in this manner in Milwaukee. It is the amount of lot space which may be oc-

the result of a naturally low standard of cupied, the minimum lighting of rooms and

living and the desire to save money. These halls, the minimum amount of air space al-

foreigners are unmarried men, or married lowed to each occupant of a room, the al-

men who have left their families in Europe teration of old buildings and the sanitary

and have come to this country expecting provisions and regulations which will safe-

to remain here only long enough to save a guard the health and morals of the inhabi-

few hundred dollars and then return to tants.

their native country. Although a large This bill, applying to cities of the first

number eventually leave this country, an in-* and second classes will, if it becomes a law,

creasingly larger number arrive each year save the cities of Wisconsin from the ex-

to take their place. perience of other places whose present pov-

Shortly after the publication of this re- erty, disease and crime result primarily

port by the state, a tenement and lodging from a neglect of the habitations of the

house ordinance was presented to the Com- poor at a period when they could have been

mon Council of Milwaukee, and the state cared for successfully.

A Railroad Story.

BY ONE or THE BOYS.

jOW that the cow-puncher is gone, in complete aloofness from the hum-drum

there is no more picturesque type round of everyday life. Truly the "rail"

of the bold and reckless man, is a man, and generally a big and strong

living a full blooded natural life, one mentally and physically, with, like most

and doing real things as a matter of course, big and strong beings, a dash of the un-

than a certain type of railroad men. Differ- spoiled child in his make up.
ent from the puncher in that the "rail" The laughing slang of this argot bears

lives his life in the midst of an alien world, witness of his "frolic welcome" to his un-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 599

believably bitter hardships, but the grim orders and as we have nothing to. pick up,
spirit he draws upon to fulfill his task has I knows I am lined up for supper under my
nothing of a boy, but is all man and a own mahogany, and a shut eye in my own
strong man at that bed, and goes down the line, scouting for
One of the most characteristic of these bocs, care-free like. The first traveler I
interesting rovers is a certain "George the strikes is a boy who is on the rocks and
Moose," employed on one of the great pointmg for home. So I jest tells him to
wheat roads out of the Twin Cities. Six keep his nut out of sight, and goes on about
feet two inches tall, broad shouldered, with ^out cars. Here's meat; two shines on a
long sinewy arms, and his face lean and lumber flat. 'Be on out of that, make no de-
square jawed, his vigor and courage are ^ay,' says I. One of them he starts telling
the means of preventing a fatal end to his about bemg a good nigger and a whole lot
numerous dare-devil escapades, ranging more. He's still talking when I heaves
from fierce combats with outlaws of the ^'^ out into the climate. Then I bids the
Scrawford type to "pinches" between box- other Congo sport farewell and tosses him
cars. The following is the story of one of out too. He lights on his back and rolls
his trips, told in nearly his own words, and considerable, but as we was only pulling
considered worth telling, by him, because out of the yard about six miles he don't
he had ^ much fun on the trip described. K^t hurt none. But this time old straight
In explanation, it may be said that since a aJr « out of the yard limits and whalin' it
certain horrible crime committed by two to her right, and I knows I has got to un-
negroes at Little Falls, Minn., the men on load the gang quick if I want to get them
the road out of the Twin Cities have sworn off without breaking their necks. Pretty
relentless war on negro hoboes, in contrast soon I locates a couple on the brake rods,
to their usual charitable attitude toward the and when the hind man comes over I
down and out fraternity. swings him out of the side door, me hold-

"We get out of Hadleyberg about 10 a. m. '"^^^'"^ ^yj^^ 5^"^^ f"^ ^^^ t^^^f , ^/'^^
with 1,200 tons of manifest copper, silk and ^* them. There dmges,' says he. 'All nght,'
cedar lumber. Straight Air Jimmy was ^^^^ ^' ^^* ^^^"^ '""^l « .^"'"P- A"d he
pulling us. Say, ain't he the bad guy with f^^^ '^.^^V!" moochers pants full of
his air though? But me, oh my, that eagle ^^l' ^he boe stands it noble for a while,
eye certainly knows how to wheel box cars. ^"* ^"f "^ 'f' ?"i' ^"<1 1\^ ^^^^^ skunk
He has the caboose dancing a jig before we P^^^^^^ "P ^« <^'"<^^" ^'^^ ^^^ ^'^^^ ^^ ^'^
was past the mile board, and the way he "^"^ ^^ ^^/ ^^^^*, «^^- I ^^^^ ""^il I
wheels them over the hill and down that "^^^ ^/^PP^^ "^^ P^^ The next collection
seventeen mile grade into Morris Junction ^^^"'^^^f >^ ^" ^ ^^P^^ ^^^^ ^^*' °"<^ ^^^^
was a delight to the homesick. I'm on the high sideboards, you know. There is a couple
engine and keeps rubbering back going of white bums on board, and I was not
around curves and has several passengers «^'"? ^^ P"^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^"; but I says to
spotted, so when we pulls up at the water °"« J"^* }"> P^«« ^^^ wo^<^ ^'ke, 'What are
tank I says to the smoke agent: 'There is a you traveling on cuUie?' Then one of these
couple of side door tourists back there. I'll ^'""^^ nioochers ruffles up his feathers and
get you a coal passer and you open the sf ys^ Me face, ugly like. 'Yer transporta-
gates when we head in, see/ and he says, V^" '^ f P»5«^'' ^ays I, and slams him a
'sure, Mike, all the time.' He is a good ^^^^ ^" ^^^ J^^' ^^ K^^^ down and out.
lad, that Tommy, and an artist with the "We's wheeling about forty per by this
scoop, I goes back and butts into a sickly time and I couldn't ditch them, so I backs
looking guy, and asks him: 'Do you want the other foxy guy up in the comer, and
a ride? Gallop up on the back of the tender tells him that if he don't quit conveyance at
and stay there; see, and when the bake the next stop, I'll flatten him out and give
head goes shy on the diamonds you ladle it him to the fire boy for a seat cushion,
down to him, see.' And I points his snoot "We stays on the flat until we slows up
towards the engine. to head in, for the limited, and when we

"By this time the captain comes over with is in the clear, on the siding w^th about, ten

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000 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

minutes before she shows up, my pal and cate their state rooms as soon as possible,

me goes prognosticating around. 1*11 be That's all I can do while we are fanning

darned if the first thing we strikes ain't the along so very speedy,

two nigs we unloaded coming out of Mor- "Then I points ahead and as I climbs

ris Junction. They's caught the train again through the empty coal flat, sees the two

without us getting wise. They was on the ^hite guys is still there. The one I wallops,

rods again and when straight air pulls out his face is swelled up like a blue plum, and

on the main after the varnishes had gone, he is very peaceful, but his side kicker

we gets ready for them. snarls like a wolf. I did not want to hurt

"I waits until we are going so fast that him, but I wasn't going to have no impu-

1 can just about get on again and leaps off, dence, so I makes a slap at him and tells
grabs Mr. Douglass by the foot and yanks him to cheer up or I'll knock the plaster
him out, gives him a boost in the slats and off his slats. I makes up my mind that
rolls him down the bank. The other war- he'll hit the grit at the next stop, which is
rior is healed for gore, however, and comes a blind siding, seven miles from nowhere,
out of his hole like a rat out of a sewer, where we is to head in for the west bound
with blood in his eye and a shiny razor in local. When we gets there I goes back
his mit. He is coming down on me and I was and looks them up. They're inside with the
just bracing myself to leap in and smash dagoes now and I thinks, 'holdup,' and get-
him right, as the best way of getting out of ting my pal scrambles into the car, but
the scrap all m one piece, when my pal they're all quiet. I takes the well one and
whose running up, slams hini over the head tells him 'unload, be on your way.' He
with a board. The plank breaks in about snarls some more, but doesn't move. 'See
four million, one hundred and ninety-two here,' says I, 'you have been about numer-
thousand pieces, but the only effect on the ous enough around here. If you don't want
gentleman with the cannon-ball head is to to get mussed up, get^off, make no delay.'
swerve him off from me. He never slacks "He makes a move towards his hip
up at all, on the contrary he lets out about pocket, but I grabs him by the shoulder,
six notches and by the time he is off the trips him up, kicks him out, and leaps out
right-of way, he has got the limited's time after him before he has time to complete
skun to a finish. his actions. When he is on the ground I get

" 'Hully Gee,' says my pal, "that guy don't right after him and never stops until he is

need no ride ; he'll beat us to town as it is.' rolling down a ten-foot embankment. I

And I guess that's right, because we never catches sight of the butt of the gun in his

overtakes him. hip pocket every time he rolls over.

"By this time the caboose is only five "My pal has the guy with the bum mug

cars away, and going some, so I leaps corraled and leads him out id his friend in

in, grabs a hand holt, and slams up against distress. While this is going on the local

the side of the car, we're going so fast, but I has gone by. They has a light train and

gets on board all right and pikes over to the is tripping along a pretty good hickory, so

engine. I thinks we had the rattlers about they don't see none of this combat. Be-

dry of boes, but I hears a noise in a box fore it is time for any more developments,

car as I's going over, and swings in the the fire boy has opened the switch and we

end door. There is six dagoes squatting in was pulling out. So we ducks between the

the end. 'Tickets, please,' says I. 'Have cars, before the guy in the ditch can turn

your tickets ready,' but they only looks un- loose with his artillery, but he never makes a

easy and says nothing. I waves my hand try and we gets the switch closed and hikes

emphatic, and tells them to hit the grit, but out. I goes ahead then, plants myself on

never a chirp. Finally one little runt, he the front end of the fire boy's seat box, and

commences to chew up atmosphere and takes it easy the rest of the way in.

spitted out in a kind of whiny sing-song. "The way that old Straight Air Jimmy

Seeing the ignorant being I had to deal with chases these rattlers down the line to Mot-

I resorts to signs and goes through the mo- ley was certainly the real thing. We leaves

tions of throwing a man out. have to va- Saxville 13 minutes ahead of No. 4 and

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL 601

goes to town ahead of her. How is that it is all I want all righty. We gets in and
for box cars? It is all the old mill wants to puts our train away about an hour ago. Have
do, though. The fire boy wants to eat his one before supper? Sorry! Well, so long."—
lunch so 1 takes her for a while, and say, Minneapolis Times.

The Shamelessness Of Sue.

I'D be ashamed, that I would, Sue, gooseberry," continued Ann. "He be all

to own that I loved a man as froth and juice, Sue; and a touch '11 flatten

cared no more for me nor that !" him."

Ann Love gave a vigorous shake "Maybe," said Sue. Her tone was non-

to the white garment she had lifted from committal.

her basket, stretched it along the line, and "An* you ain't really carin' for him,

drove a clothes-pin over its ends with a Sue?" Ann said anxiously,

jerk. Sue did not reply. Her face was turned

"Who says he don't care for me?" said away, but her aunt could see well enough

Sue slowly. that her cheeks were pink. The sight made

"I say it," said Ann. The wind came her angry,

buffeting by and caught the garment she "Well, I ain't admirin' your taste!" she

had hung out, throwing it in great billows cried. "If you must lose your heart afore

against her face. When she had beaten off you're ast, and to a Marsden, why couldn't

this attack, she stood tucking in the gray you a-chosen Will ? He's steady an' quiet,

whisps of hair that waved about her comely is Will Marsden, and more likely to take up

face. wi' you, too, for he ain't run after by every

Sue was standing by the gooseberry bush- gel in Malton Dip as his brother be."

es, eating idly as she watched her aunt. Her "He says he don't like gels," said Sue

pale hair and pensive mouth gave her the demurely.

aspect of a Madonna ; but her eyes overran "He'd like them fast enough if they was

with mischief. She let the wind blow her quiet and modest." Ann shook out another

thin draperies what way they would. She armful of white frills. "But, of course, you

was like an agitated wind-flower by the side must be like all the rest of 'em, you must

of her burly aunt. run after Jem. And a lot he's carin'. He

"I guess there ain't many men," said Sue, ain't never had a thought for none but his-

straightening herself, "as can help carin' for self since he were bom, has Jem Marsden."

a gel if she wants them to." "I like his grey does, an' them leggings

Ann Love stood motionless for a mo- he wears," said Sue, in a random tone,

ment. The short speech seemed to knock "An' — '*

her over, deprive her for the moment of "An' the socks wi* holes in the front of

her power of argument. 'em as he wears on Sundays!" cried Ann

"I'm thinking he'll like me well enough wrathfully. "As if there wasn't holes

before I'm done with him," pursued Sue. enough in any man's socks wi'out him havin'

She stretched after a golden berry that lay them put there !"

a little beyond her. Having secured it, after "You can get stockin's made like that,

a struggle, it burst upon her fingers. too." said Sue guardedly. "I've — I've got a

Miss Love's eye lit. pair. An' I like his white hands — they're

"*Tis what happens," said she, "to them that delicut — ^an* his nice, smooth hair."

chaps you're talkin' of, chaps as'll let a gel "You used to like hair as would'nt lie

twist 'em anyway." smooth nohow!" ejaculated Ann.

Sue wiped her fingers. "Ah," said Sue, "that was afore I knew

"Jem Marsden ain't unlike an over-ripe Jem!"

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Ann lifted her basket and swung round,
turning her face with a natural air toward
the house. She walked down the garden
path with the air of a general leading an
attack. Sue followed with a handful of
gooseberries. She slipped these softly into
her mouth one by one, holding herself
stiffly lest her aunt should observe.

When they entered the tiny, stone-flagged
kitchen, Sue halted near the door.

"I must be goin' soon ; I've got an errand
up to top-end," she said carelessly.

Ann set a bucket in the sink with a crash,
and turned on the tap.

"I wish you was more senseful, less up-
pity-gaddy, Sue," she said brokenly.

Sue looked at her feet and the floor.

"You won't never get Jem, you know."

Sue was silent

Ann thought her stubborn, and her anger
flared.

"I thought better'n that of you. Sue. You
ain't come of a stock as throws theirselves
at men's heads!"

Sue's eyes flashed.

"I ain't thro win' myself at no man's head !
I ain't got no need tol"

"But you says — "

"You worrited, an' worrited, an' wor-
rited," cried Sue, swinging round, "telling
me as you knowed there were someone!
An' who might it be? Then, when I tells
you, you be main disagreeable. You be
after Jem yourself, that's what you be!"

At this onslaught Ann Love was so taken
aback that for a moment she stood with
open mouth regarding her niece. Then she
burst into a ringing laugh.

"Not I, not I ! You be safe to have all
the Jem Marsdens in the world as far as
your old aunt be concerned. I ain't yeamin'
after none of *em! But do you go easy,
Sue. Don't let him see as you be soft to
him. It ain't the way."

"He may see anything as he's a mind to
see," said Sue scornfully. "No man never
see anything as ain't pushed under his nose
an' explained to him."

"You be easy," said Ann. "Didn't you
say as you asked him to go along of you
to the fete last week?"

"Mayhap I did," said Sue.

"But he didn't go along o' you!" cried
Ann triumphantly.

"No," admitted Sue, "he didn't" She
stood looking at her toes.

"An' you had to come home along o' Will
what took pity on you !" cried Ann scorn-
fully.

Sue turned suddenly with flashing eyes.

"I'd like to see the man as'd take pity on
me!" she cried.

With that away she went Ann Love
could see the white tail of her skirt flicker
round by the pump and turn into the road.
The old woman dashed angry tears away
from her eyes.

"That Sue should take up wi* that bean-
stick o' a man !" she muttered. "Ay, a real
beanstick he be, covered over with blossoms
as ain't hissen; for there ain't one o' they
flne ways of hissen as be his own!"

Ann gave the matter many sorrowful
thoughts, and a touch of pity for Sue's sore
and willful heart sometimes moved her.
But the pity was ever speedily followed by
anger at the girl's want of pride.

"That one o' our stock should love a man
as don't care a farthing candle for her ; it —
it ain't seemly!" thought Ann Love.

Nevertheless, she gathered a great armful
of sweet-smelling blossoms and sent them
to Sue.

"There ain't no reason why her one sense-
ful friend should forsake her," she said to
herself. She looked grimly at the red-
headed child who was to carry the flowers.
"Don't you have naught to do with flippity-
flap fellows when you grows up, Rebecca."

Rebecca shook her head solemnly, gath-
ered the flowers tightly to her plump little
breast, and ran away.

As Tom Johns, the fiddler, was passing
Ann Love's door a fortnight later, he was
surprised to find himself beckoned in by the
good woman.

"You look tired and dry, Tom. Come in,
and rest ye," said Ann kindly.

The old man entered, his white head bent
like a flower with a broken stem. Miss
Love set before him lemonade, a plate cov-
ered with thick slices of home-made cream
cake, and some yellow biscuits.

Then she seated herself by the table, and
talked to him.

He told her much of the gossip of the vil-
lage, unloosing his load of news, one item
after another, with the precision of a pack-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

603

man showing his wares. Like the same
packman, he glanced ever and anon at the
face of the listener, to see how she appre-
ciated his stock.

Ann Love nodded her head as he talked.
She nodded it many times. Finally, she
held it erect, and her tone was less casual
in its attempt after carelessness. "You
played at the dance up at Willis's last week,
Tom?"

"Ay, that I did," said Tom eagerly. "The
young fellers think they has it all their own
way, but they ain't cut old Johns out yet.
I played up to Willis's, an' I played at Par-
son's concert. The concert were my best
execution. It be too hot to dance this
weather, an' my fiddle it just follows folkses
humors, say yea or nay."

"You saw my niece there?" said the old
woman quietly.

Tom looked less at his ease. His odd
wits smelt a motive now in Miss Love's in-
vitation, and, unable to decide what it was,
the knowledge of it made him vaguely un-
easy.

"She was there," he said cautiously.
"Come to think of it, I saw but little of the
gel; but I heard folkses say as she were
there."

"I suppose the fiddlin* do swallow up a
lot o' attention?" said Miss Love absently.

"Ay, that it do," said the old man.

He put out his thin, dry hand, and helped
himself to another piece of cake. His fin-
gers were scarred and stained, but wonder-
fully supple.

"An' who else was there?"

Tom set down his cake, and considered.

"I didn't see a-many. My eyes ain't what
they ought to be. There was Daisy Hales
— she be a real — "

"Oh, she be a bad wench through and
through!" said Ann impatiently.

"She be wonderful kind to her old moth-
er," said the fiddler.

He raised his eyes, soft and dim, to Ann's
face.

"Ay, she is," said Ann, in quick repent-
ance. "But what about the other folk?
The Marsden boys, were they there ?"

"Both of 'em," the old man said succinct-
ly, "Jem were a-carryin' on giddy wi' that
Lucas gel. They say that be a match ; they
say it be."

Ann was silent.

"He be a giddy fellow, an* she be his mate
there. 'Twill be a cold fireside for the chil-
dren," said Tom Johns.

"I s'pose there ain't no right-thinkin' gel
would take up wi' him?" said Ann harshly.

She filled the fiddler's glass again, but she
asked him no more about the dance.

When the old man was gone she went
upstairs and fumbled about in her bureau.
When she came down again there was a
strand of pale blue ribbon floating in her
hands. She tied this into a slender packet
and sent it to Sue.

"Mayhap, the wench be feelin' sore." she
said, to herself. "That she should love such
a worthless fellow!"

That evening Widow Cox looked in on
Ann Love.

"Miss Dove be givin' up dressmakin', an'
going to town, so she won't be able to make
that black serge for you," she said. "An*
have you heard o' Jem Marsden? He be
goin' to marry the Lucas gel. I had it from
that sister of hissen. It be real truth."

"I wish her joy o* him," said Ann sharply.
Her round face seemed to pinch and show
worn lines.

"My!" said the widow. "Twere the
other way, in my mind. He be a real fine-
lookin' fellow; and that gel, she ain't noth-
ing to look at, nor do she know a thing."

"She'll know a few if she walks to church
alongside o' him," §aid Ann Love. "But I
ain't knowing what to do about my black
gown."

She had the black stuff out upon the ta-
ble, and was considering it with perplexed
brows on the next morning when Sue called.

The girl opened the door of the room, and
walked quickly in. Her cheeks were very
pink, and her hair fell in light fluffs about
her face. She held a tangle of blue ribbon
in her hand.

"Aunt Ann, this ribbon were got to tie
up your curtains," she said breathlessly,
"and I be going to tie them up wi' it this
mortal minnit, that I be."

"I ain't put up the clean curtains yet,"
said the old woman. "And I've changed
my mind about them ribbons."

Sue swung round on her toes, and stared
her aunt squarely in the face.

"You ain't changed your mind I" she said.

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604 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Ann was smoothing out an imaginary to pierce behind the veil. Sue backed to-

crease with her open palm. She did not wards the door. When her hand was on

look up at this extraordinary statement. the handle she turned shamefacedly. Her

"What I want to know is this/' said Sue, face was like an April flower,
with eyes that began to dance: "What for "Aunt Ann, when you sent me that rib-
did you send me that blue ribbon ?" bon, I felt as I couldn't keep on deceivin'

"Never you mind what for/' said Ann. you. This be the truth : When you ast me

She swallowed hastily, lifted the black who it was, an' would have an answer,

serge, and carried it to the light. But the there weren't no answer I could give you.

girl's eyes followed her. for I didn't know whether Will was took

"Jem Marsden is partial to blue," she wi' me, or whether he cared not a pin. So

said, after a moment, in an odd tone. And I told you 'twas Jem — I ain't never thought

looked up then; there were tears in her much on Jem; he don't count — ^but it were

eyes. "Oh, Sue, he be goin' to marry that Will all the time. An' last night Will — "

designin' Lucas gel!" "You be going to marry Will!" cried

Sue stood arrested, the blue ribbon Ann.

dropped to the floor; then she burst into a She nodded. She tossed back her hair,

clear, mirthful laugh. It was like a ray of and laughed again,

sunshine striking through the room. "He ain't got no socks wi' holes in front

"Let him !" she said. of 'em !" she said scornfully. "An' if he

"Sue!" cried Ann, aghast. brushed that hair o' hissen for an hour it

"They be well matched," said Sue. She wouldn't lie smooth, that it wouldn't!"

laughed again. "It ain't the smooth kind," said Ann

"Of all the heartless gels!" cried Ann Love,

wrathfully. She broke into a glad smile. — Philadel-

She stared at her niece, seeking in vain phia Inquirer.

Sacrifice Workers' Lives For Greed.

|F constant dropping will wear there is enough blood shed as the result of
away a stone, constant hammer- professional risk to make one shudder at s
ing away at the sacrifice of life the terrible loss.

and limb, that is demanded as a By what right does this record of injury
part of our industrial operation, ought to and death pile up with increased number
bring about certain legislation that will keep each year? It is because the American is
thousands of employes off the industrial something of a fatalist and very much of
scrap heap to which they are now annually an optimist. He knows that there will be a
consigned because they have been "trim- certain number of persons go down to hope-
med" down too closely to be of further use less injury and death but he believes he. will
to their employers. not be of the number, in fact, he is about

The record of death and injury in all oc- certain that he will not and, therefore, it is
cUpations is terrible to contemplate. We, impossible to get him sufficiently interested
of the railroad service, pay more attention to demand that the employers adopt the best
to the casualty list on railways for the rea- of safety appliances, move their machinery
son that all of the employes are under the ,at safer speeds, employ intelligent labor and
protection of some form of organization work for the enactment of protective legis-
and the great sum demanded each year to lation. None of it for him, unless he has
pay for the injuries and deaths is brought fallen a victim to the insatiate demand of
home to all of the employes. The list of modem high speed industrialism and then
other casualties is not so brought to notice he is the soul of activity,
and less attention is paid to it, although We find that the totally disabled are the

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL, 605

most insistent on the enactment of safety but go on killing every four years, accord-
laws but it is the other fellow who is ing to reliable estimates, some 80,000 people
apathetic. He cannot understand how he more than all who fell in battle and died of
can ever be overtaken by the grasping maw wounds during the entire period of our civil
of the machine he manages. war. In other words, we are now killing in

But the constant hammering away at the industrial accidents over 50 per cent more
recklessness of the machine owners, who people than two great armies would de-
feel that the lives and limbs of their em- stroy in the same period of time with all the
ployes are a part of the business and may be accoutered horrible implements of death
sacrificed as a matter of course, must bring which modem invention has produced,
something that will be worth while. ♦* ♦ ♦

Mr. Edgar T. Davies, Chief Factory In- "This question is rapidly becoming of
spector for Chicago, Illinois, recently de- the greatest importance, because accidents
livered an address at Hartford, Connecti- are naturally increasing in number with the
cut, in which he said some very severe progress of the industrial arts. The labor-
things, but they were true. He predicted an ing man of to-day is compelled to encounter
industrial revolution im less proper legisla- thousands of perils of which his father
tion was enacted. He made comparisons of never dreamed. New mechanical inven-
death and injury between labor employed tions, the new and wonderful uses of chem-
and soldiers in the great battles of the world icals and the ever increasing number and
and showed where the workman had the complexity of machines and appliances, all
wors't of it. Mr. Davies did not hesitate to tend to make his daily life and vocation ex-
call things by their proper names and said tremely hazardous.

that; **in many instances it is mockery to "The constant reports of railway acci-
call these casualties accidents. They are dents to be found in the public press have
crimes for which we will some day be called recently made the railroads the butt of
to account." He said that, "it is the old public indignation and criticism, but the
story of greed against humanity. A traffic general public is not aware and probably
in human lives whereby a few men add to would be surprised to learn that there are
their fortunes and take away the rights of more accidents in our factories and in the
their employes." In part he said : building trades than on all the railroads,

"The United States is justly suffering the but even the meager reports and statistics
reproach of permitting the most reckless at hand prove this to be true. These cas-
waste of human life of any civilized coun- ualties are usually unknown to almost
try in the world. This sad fact is amply sus- every one except the immediate parties who
tained by our own statistics. Other indus- suffer by reason of them. No statistics or
trial countries which we have completely reports are kept or made of such accidents,
outstripped in the race for the world's busi- and the factory, mill or workshop where the
ness have considered special regulation of Hmb is crushed or the life is wiped out all
dangerous trades and machinery a positive too often makes it its particular business to
necessity of modern industry. We have suppress the news of such accidents,
done practically nothing. It is high time ♦ ♦ ♦

that these facts became known to our peo- "It is not mere drinking that the more
pie, that the conditions be understood and thoughtful of our good temperance people
the public conscience aroused so that proper object to, but it is the 'traffic* in which
remedies may be applied for at the hands of human lives are sacrificed and ruined in or-
our legislatures with some promise of sue- der that a few men engaged in business may
cess. feed upon the unholy profits of a soul-kill-

"The people of the United States, some- ing enterprise. So it is in our modern in-
what inflated with an inordinate sense of dustrial conditions, the stupendous greed of
their own greatness and their wonderful our commercialism is bearing relentlessly
material prosperity, stupidly refuse in these down upon the unprotected worker in the
times of peace to keep abreast of the en- mill and factory, and unless something is
lightened, humane countries of the world, done, and that speedily, the old battle of

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greed against humanity will have been workshops, where the very bone and sinew

fought again and with what disastrous re- of our nation toils for the bread to feed

suits to our fair country no man can tell. the wives and children, scarcely calls for a

"Unless this battle is settled now, by remonstrance, much less does it produce
sane and intelligent legislation, and unless those protective legislative measures which
the public indifference to this momentous the real conditions so imperatively demand,
question is speedily removed, there must "General Sherman truthfully said that
certainly follow an industrial revolution, the *War is hell,' but had not the supreme su-
magnitude of which we shudder to contem- perlative been exhausted in this epigram-
plate. I am not an alarmist, but plain matic description of war it would more fit-
speaking is necessary to bring about a prop- tingly be applied to this revolting and inex-
er appreciation of what all thoughtful men cusable system of maiming and murder,
concede to be a serious situation. Let us "Who is responsible for these things?
know the worst now and provide against it. Who will be called to account for these
We have books full of legislation to protect lives ? Against whom, as witnesses, will these
invested capital from undue risks to proper- suffering widows and orphans some day
ty only — we ought to protect the only capi- surely appear?
tal the worker has— his life and health." "The world is making notable strides

According to Mr. Davies it is not the toward the limitation of war and, let us

manufacturers as a class who are opposing hope, toward its ultimate abolition. What

needed legislation on behalf of working are we doing to remedy a condition inex-

men and women, but "that selfish, greedy pressibly worse than a constant condition

minority whose only aim is to accumulate of war? Many of the accidents that hap-

dollars in this traffic in man's very life and pen day after day are entirely needless. A

health." Against this class, he said, every projecting screw on a wheel, which at an

honest man, whether employer or employe, expense of about 35 cents might be placed

should array himself. By the introduction flush with the surface of the wheel, catches

of proper safeguards and protective de- in the clothing of a wdrkman,. draws him

vices and measures, he declared the number into the machinery, and a sorrowing widow

of accidents will be very greatly reduced and helpless children are left dependent —

and, as a consequence, the number of crip- at a saving of 35 cents. It is a travesty on

pies, widows and orphans. Because of these all that is good and true to call such cas-

accidents, he asserted, housewives, bom to ualties as these 'accidents.* They are crimes

better things, are compelled to resort to the for which we will some day be called upon

wash-tub as an alternative from starving; to account."

women are made beggars, dependents or Proper precautions against unnecessary

lead lives of shame, and children are de- risk of injury can be adopted only at some

prived of the opportunity of obtaining a cost to the manufacturer, but the mere

proper education. making of dollars at the expense of human

"The cold-blooded license granted to life, declared Inspector Davies, should not

manufacturers to maim and cripple/' he be the aim of any honest man.

continued, "because of their successful ob- "True, there always will be some men

jection to the enactment of remedial indus- who would set themselves to the mere ac-

trial legislation, has thrown the entire bur- cumulation of wealth as the sole object of

den of taking care of the results of their their lives," he asserted. "Necessarily such

negligence upon society and the state. This men are uneducated, inferior in intellect and

is a very short-sighted policy." cowardly. It is physically impossible, to

Comparing deaths by accident in the Uni- my mind, for a well-educated, intellectual

ted States with the late war between Rus- or brave man to make money the chief ob-

sia and Japan, he said: ject of his thoughts; as physically impos-

"We shrank with dread from the terrible sible as it is for him to maike his dinner the

printed reports of the blood and carnage of principal object of them. All healthy pco-

that horrible and cruel war, but the silent pie like dinners, but their dinners are not

slaughter that goes on day by day in our the main object of their lives. So all

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 607

healthy-minded people like making money, states has ever required any reports to be

ought to like it and to enjoy the sensation made or statistics to be kept of industrial

of winning it, but the main object of life is accidents." In concluding, he declared:
not money; it is something better than "As I view it, this question is bound to

money. be of more real importance to capital than

* * * to labor, and its proper solution, while of

"There are but few European countries more immediate and noticeable benefit to

where some successful attempt has not been the workingman, will eventually do more

made to protect, by appropriate legislation than any other one thing to conserve the

the toilers in ,the mills and workshops. The substantial and permanent interests of the

states of the Union with one or two excep- manufacturer and so make secure and en-

tions, have made no progress worthy of the during the prosperity and happiness of our

name along these lines and only one of the common people."

Julie Anderson.

BY LYDIA M. DUNHAM.

)NDUCTOR SHERIDAN step- time when I was telegraph operator, back
ped into the caboose of the home?"

west-bound freight, a slip of "You never told me nuthin*, Chris," said
yellow paper in his hand. He Mulligan. "All you ever told me was to
removed his slicker, shook the rain from take my flag and get out."
his cap, filled and lit his pipe, and sat down. "Well, it's a kind of a queer story, an' I

"Mulligan," he said, addressing the red- s'pose you won't believe it, but it's on the
haired flagman who sat on the opposite side level, all right.

of the caboose, "Mulligan, was you intend- **I was night man at Hamilton's Sidin'.
in' to go up to Magnolia tomorrow on 17?" There was nothin' there but the telegraph

"Sure I was," replied Mulligan. "Why?" office, an' nobody to talk to exceptin' the

"Oh, nothin', only you ain't goin'. Track's railroad men that came in. It was pretty
washed out from Mineral Hill clear up to lonesome at first, but I got used to that. I
Red Oak. This train won't leave the sidin' was glad to have the job, for I needed all
tonight, Johnny." the money I could get. My father had just

"Oh, mamma," wailed the flagman. "An' died, my brother had been sick all winter,
I promised me girl I'd be up for sure. Ain't and I had to support my mother an' my
that tough luck, now?" two little sisters besides, so it kept me

"Oh, I don't know, Johnny. Worse things hustlin*. Well, about fifteen miles east of
than that might happen. Railroad men Hamilton's was Anderson's Sidin'. The
have no business to be makin' promises, operator there was a fellow by name of
anyway." Davis — Billy Davis. We used to talk to

The two brakemen filed in with the engi- each other over the wire, so we wouldn't
neer and fireman and the entire crew was get sleepy,
seated in the warm caboose. "About half-way between Hamilton's

"Say, these March floods is awful," be- and Anderson's was a little creek called
-"•' Collins, the head brakeman. "Just lis- Mill Run. It wasn't much of a stream, and
ten to It a-rainin', would you? I never the bridge over it wasn't much of a bridge,
seen so much water since I was down to either, but they ran heavy freights and pas-
the seashore, three years ago. This is cer- sengers over it, and there had never been
tainly tough." any trouble. But when the March floods

"Tough? I've seen tougher," said Sheri- came — let's see; it was twenty, — twenty-
dan. "Did I ever tell you fellows about the five years ago this month — ^well, when the

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608 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

floods came, that creek carried on like a been one minute later with your message

young Mississippi. The track was in pretty they'd be fishin* dead men out of Mill Run

bad condition all along the line, an' all the tomorrow momin*/

trains was late. "An' he told the truth, too."

"Well, I went to work one night, as "Well," said Mulligan. "That's a good

usual, and along about nine o'clock I got to story, Chris, whether it's true or not But

feelin' creepy. I got so nervous I didn't how did you know the bridge was down?

know what I was doin'. I kept lookin' over How can you explain that?"

me shoulder like a six-year-old kid goin' "i ^as just comin' to that, Johnny. This

through a graveyard, and I couldn't guess is how some of the railroad boys explained

what was the matter with me. it to me. I don't know whether this part

"I tried to shake it off, but it was no use. is true or not, but I will tell it to you as it

So about ten o'clock I thought I would was told to me.

have a talk with Billy, an' I called him up. *'it seems there was an engineer by name

"I didn't have nothin' in particular to say of Tommy Anderson, that used to live at

to him, so I started by sayin', 'Hello, BilL' Anderson's Sidin'. He had a daughter

*Hello, Chris,' he said. 'How are you?' named Julia, an' she was a first-class ope-

"Well, I tried to answer him, but I '^**^''-

couldn't I can't tell you how it was, boys, "The regular operator was taken sick

but I just couldn't It seemed like some- pretty sudden one night; an* this Julia, she

body was holdm' me back. I didn't know volunteered to take his place,

what in thunder was the matter, but I made "Well, there was a rear end collision, just

one final effort. I was goin' to tell' Bill above Anderson's, around the curve. The

that I was all right, and so on, but this was flagman's leg was broken, an' he was hurt

what I really said: 'Mill Run bridge down, inside, but he knowed the flyer was due,

Hold 29.* an' he tried his best to get back an' flag

"I had no more intention of saying that her. He got as far as the telegraph office

than I had of declarin* myself the king of an' told Julie Anderson about the wreck,

Spain, but the message was off, an' I could- an' then he died.

n't get it back. 29 had been reported two "Julie grabbed a lantern an' ran down
hours an' forty minutes late, but she was the track, for she could see the flyer's head-
three hours overdue then. You can imagine light already. She stopped the train all
how Billy must have hustled down the track right, but she stumbled an' fell right in
with the red bug. I tried to call him up front of the engine, an' when they picked
again, an' tell him it was all a mistake, but her up she was dead,
it was too late. "Her sweetheart was runnin' the flyer

"I thought I would sure be fired, for I that night, too, an' they said it near drove

had made two or three blunders before that, him insane to think that his engine had

and I had been told that if I made another killed Julie Anderson,

there would be room for a new operator at «An' the fellows said that her spirit is

Hamilton's Sidin'. with the operators and trainmen in time of

"Well, pretty soon there was a call on trouble, an' they said that she dictated the

the wire. Bill Davis was at the other end. message that I sent to Billy Davis that

"'Chris,' he says, *I stopped her just in night

time.' "Well, I didn't want to work in a place

'"God Almighty, man!' I says, 'you don't Hke that so I quit

mean to say that Mill Run bridge really is "There's my story ; believe it or knock it

down, do you?' just as you please, but it's my opinion that

"'What's the matter with you, Chris?' Ju|»e Anderson saved 29 from goin' into

he says. 'You reported it an' now you MJ^l Run/'

seem surprised to hear about it Sure it's Mulligan laughed incredulously. The

down, an* down proper, too. If you had two brakemen looked serious. Then the

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609

engineer, Fred Campbell, took his pipe
from his mouth and spoke for the first time.

"You fellows don't believe what Chris
said, but it's true, every word of it.

"Chris Sheridan is not the only one that
can tell of mysterious messages sent or re-
ceived, messages telling of wrecks and

wash-outs and other dangers, before the
news could reach the office.

"Julie Anderson saved the train the night
she died, and she has saved a good many
since then.

"Oh, you needn't look over your shoulder,
Jim Collins. There's nothing to see."

On Logger No. 4

|.\NTY" BURNS was a stubby,
muscular Scotch-Irish youth,
who had risen from the position
of engine-wiper and fireman to
that of hostler at Raymer, a division sta-
tion on the D. K. & S. Railroad, a line on
the south shore of Lake Superior.

His striking traits were quick and a re-
markable capacity for work. His good
name bade fair to bring him early promo-
tion, when a grave mishap — ^the collision of
the engine which he was bringing from the
house, with a stock train — forced him from
the company's service.

He searched for work at once, for he had
an only sister at school in Duluth, and she
depended on him for support.

Thus he happened to be the guest of the
crew in the caboose of Logger No. 4, com-
ing down Tortoise Moimtain on a brisk
October morning. There were "frost whis-
kers" on the rails of that branch track, and
a fog enveloped the low ground at Gooman
on the main line.

The position and condition of the trains
in the vicinity at 7 o'clock that morning
were apparently normal; fifteen minutes
later more than one train was in peril.

Up on Tortoise Mountain, Logger No. 4
was overpowering its big engine, as they
went downward over the greasy rails at an
alarming pace. Long-bodied, squatty, with
ten low drivers under her, presenting un-
usual breadth of the tire surface to the
rails, the heavy engine was holding back
with all her power. But nineteen cars of
green logs, on such slippery steel as lay
under her that morning, could not be held.
Faster and faster the long, snake-like train
pushed downwards, whipping and rocking

around the falling curves in a hissing
drumming turmoil of noise.

Seth Johnson, at the throttle, grew earn-
est, then pale. He set the air-brakes. With
a clanking heave the train slackened speed ;
then a valve-rod under the first car snapped,
and with a lurch the heavy train plunged
onward.

Johnson had the air brakes set on the
engine, the sand pipes spouting on the frost,
and the drivers turning backwards, but the
mighty machine went downward over the
crystal smoothness like a toboggan.

Back in the "dinky" 'caboose there was a
panic. Sid Turner, conductor, and his two
brakemen were shouting half-heard things
at one another.

"Go out ahead and set the hand brakes !"
commanded Turner.

The brakeman looked down the line of
swaying, jostling, plunging loads and flatly
refused.

"Banty" Bums got up from his seat He
was moved by two thoughts — first and
strongest, the thought that it was a shame
to sit still and let things go to destruction
without trying to prevent it; secondly.
"Banty" reflected that if he should succeed
he would probably not havtf to continue to
look for work.

In his brown eyes burned a kind of fire.
"Fm going over ahead to help Johnson!"
he said. "I'll twist up the brakes as I go.
If you fellows are scared, you can pull the
pin and cut the caboose loose; but if I
were you, Sid, I'd stay with my train!"

That was all. He jumped upon the first
car, and began to clamber over the heaped -
up logs, setting the brakes as he went, but

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the wheels slipped on the icy rails like sled
runners.

"Banty" soon had to crawl along the logs
on his hands and knees, clutching fast like
a shaken insect

Hearing a snarling rip of sound, he
glanced around and saw the caboose snap
like a whip-cracker against a stqpy bank
and burst open. In an instant it was lost
to view, and downward the train roared,
scorning the brakes.

When "Banty," hatless and with bleeding
fingers, at last tumbled over the tender, he
found the cab empty. Johnson and the fire-
man had jumped.

He leaned out of the window. Should
he, too, abandon the runaway? The noise
of the train was like thunder, shot through
with snarling hiss of sliding brakes and
wheels. The rocking of the engine was ter-
rifying.

"If she stays on the rails and has two or
three miles of clear sailing on the main
line, ril get her under control," thought
"Banty."

His teeth were set hard, and his face was
drawn. As the engine rushed into the more
open ground, "Banty" swung over to the
fireman's window and looked out. Away
below him wavered the main line track, and
—on it was the express, making eastward.

Could he get out onto the main line
ahead of her? As he gazed, a picture of
the ground near the switch flashed into
view — he saw the sharp curve of the branch
track as it met the maintrack, and the next
extension of the branch track in a safety
spur, for nearly a quarter of a mile parallel
with the main line. Should he go on the

safety spur, or take the hazard of getting
on the main line ahead of the e3q>re88.

Just then he saw an engine coming
swiftly from the east.

His face turned deadly white.

That engine must be moving on a cross
order, or rtmning away, for it would crash
into the express, seemingly, a half mile
west of the switch.

He seized the whistle-grip and called for
the switch to be thrown; he would meet
the engine rushing from the east, himself.
His was only a single life — there were
many on the express.

Like a thunderbolt, the logger went down
to strike the engine. All the way "Banty"
clung among the levers like a spider to a
wind-tossed web, sounding the whistle for
the switch to open.

The switchman could not see the run-
away engine, owing to a curving cut, and
the express was still three-fourths of a mile
away. He hesitatingly obeyed the whistled
signal, and turned the switch.

With her engine screaming and her loads
reeling in a cloud of dust, the logger burst
over the frogs upon the main track. The
wild engine was not two hundred feet away,
and "Banty," seeing the deed was done,
jumped into the gangway and leaped, feet
foremost, into the air.

"Banty" awoke at the hospital at Ray-
mer. When the officials heard his story,
several mysterious things were made clear;
one was, that he had risked his own life in
order to save the express and its human
freight.

Six months later "Banty" was running
an engine between Raymer and Duluth. —
By Granville Osborne, in The Little Chron-
icle,

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This DepftrtmMit i« op«n to all woman frionda of tha Broiharhood.

Barrie Plains, Mass.

I read Brother Sisco's article in the May num-
ber, and I fully agree with him. I know there
are many of the railroad boys who would rather
see their Journal filled up with pictures of en-
gines, with the crews bravely standing by, than
illustrations showing scenes in foreign lands,
where none of us expect to visit.

Very often, in days gone by, when the Jour-
nal contained pictures of Brotherhood crews, my
husband would enjoy reading about them and
looking for familiar faces. In late years we
have been disappointed because we have not been
able to see the boys bravely standing by their
engines.

How many Brotherhood men ever start out to
visit any great distance? In traveling, if you
meet with a brother you find a welcome always
extended, and a word of encouragement given.

How many of ^s look upon the trainman's life
as one of pleasure? If you do, I wish to assure
you that it is a mistake. Every one of them has
many cares and r';sponsibilities. From his part-
ing at the door, m the morning, with the good-
bye kiss, to the welcome home at night, he must
brave and endure many dangerous experiences,
and after it all, be can only say that he has done
his duty.

We ought to be careful in parting with our be-
loved ones, not to give any reason for trouble or
sorrow. Many of the greatest griefs can be laid
to the unguarded speech of one or the other at
parting. Many an ill-advised word spoken on
the impulse of the moment has been the cause
of a life-long trouble, so let us get along pleas-
antly and send our dear ones from us with happy
hearts and care-free faces.

I have been reading the Jourrnal for ton
years, and I consider it my friend. Wishing all
its readers the greatest success, I remain,

Mrs. Jambs Kendrick.

The RiRht Age For A Woman.

Some women get sense at seventeen — others
haven't got any at seventy — it is almost as diffi-
cult to decide at what age a girl should marry
as the one at which most men should not, but it
may be taken for granted that unless she in-
tends to live a life of single blessedness in wed-
lock she must be at her very best and freshest
when she takes the perilous plunge into matri-
mony.

There is said to be one half -hour in the life
of a peach when it is at its supreme of perfec-
tion, and in almost every girl's life there is a
longer or shorter period when she is at her full-
est development of charm and malleability, at
her highest capacity for making a delightful lover
and wife and a physically competent mother. I
should place this at somewhere between the ages
of nineteen and twenty-five, though, of course,
the limit can be pushed further. But to marry
too soon is as great a sin to the future generation
as to marry too late, and to see an immature girl
holding a still more immature baby in her arms
is only one degree less pitiful than the spectacle
of a woman who, essaying matrimony too late in
life, is reproached by the look of bruised youth
in the child of her middle age. Still, there is
the happy mean, and many reach it.

The girl who marries the man she loves while
she is young may be compared to a flower that
has grown naturally, inevitably, to its lovely ful-
filment of scent and bloom — the girl who, from
some accident, has been defrauded of love when
she was most fitted to receive it, is like a plant
grown in a cellar, where it struggles painfully
to a pale simulacrum of the flower it was original-
ly intended to be.

To the one girl, the vivid joy and zest of life;
to the other, thwarted instincts, thwarted hopes,
and the greying knowledge .that through no fault
of her own she has been jockeyed out of her
woman's birthright Love, of a kind, may come
to her later, but not with the intoxication :t
wduld once have done. Yes, youth is the time to
love, to marry in — the happiest old couples one
meets are those who enjoyed their best years to-
gether, brought up a merry, healthy crowd of
youngsters, who in their turn lent their strength
for the old folks to lean on — but to face life with
the assets of healthy youth, love, and a great
capacity for work as for enjoyment, was more
often done formerly than it is, alas! today.

Men hesitate, consult their bank books instead
of theit hearts, and, meanwhile, the girls them-
selves see the passing of their own exquisite
youth; and, just as it is a melancholy reflection
that all eggs were once new laid, and might just
as well have been eaten fresh as reviled and re-
jected at a later period of their existence, so
there seems some mistake somewhere by which a
Jack is not provided for every Jill at the time
when she is most calculated to make him happy,
instead of six Jills to one Jack. Thus, as things
are, is not the question "What is the best age
for girls to marry" somewhat ironic? Some girls

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612 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

are not fit to marry at any age — girls who have A short absence quickens love; a long^ absence

never learned to be unselfish, charitable, helpful — kills it — Mirabeau.

girls who live tor bridge playing, club gossip and Nature is in earnest when she makes a woman.

running up bills at their dressmakers*; girls who — O. W. Holmes.

will "do" a play and a supper with any sneering Women forgive injuries, but they never forget

man who chooses to ask them; and, as a rule, slights. — Haliburton.

these girls do not get the opportunity of mar- Women see without looking; their husbands

riage. often look without seeing. — Des Noyers.

One thing is certain, that the woman who at Wherever women arc honored, the gods are

no age and under no circumstances ought to satisfied. — Hindu Proverb.

marry are those who despise home life, contemn a woman who has given her lips has given

the blessedness of motherhood, yearn for the ex- everything. — Anonymous.

citemcnt of the firing line in life's battle and, y^Y^^^ jg dvilization? I answer, the power of

unrestful, unlovely, dishevelled, force themselves g^^^ women. — Emerson.

into the material stress of Ufe at which hitherto Shakespeare has no heroes; he has only hero-
men only have taken a hand. By all means, let ^^^ Ruskin.

them have the vote; with no matter what enthus- Lo^^ „^^^; ^.^ ^^ starvation, but often of

iasm they exercise their suffrage, they must al- jndigestion.-Ninon de I'Enclos.

ways be a very small minority, and there can . -^i. *. j« i • i

, J, , . . ' . . ^, . A woman with whom you discuss love is al-

hardly be said to be a van where there is no . .v t» • i *

J ways expecting something. — Poincelot.

crowd. ...

, . . . .... , . There was never yet fair woman but she made

Ut them exploit to the.r heart, content their ^^^^^^ .„ , gl„,._Sh.ke.peare.

male personalities m female bodies, leaving to , . . ...it. ^t. %

the manly men and womanly women (the two The love of a bad woman k.Il, other.; the love

types of humanity that give to the world it, .ta- "' » ««"* woman h.ll. her^lf.-George Sand,
bility, its social happiness and grace) the carrying

on of the race. Meanwhile — let me whisper it in ti7^,««««»« n^^^A I7^« "D^,.^^:^^

your ear. girU-the best age to marry is when. Woman S Greed_For Bargains.

to parody Mrs. Glasse's advice, you have taken -,. - f i . c» z *i. j

,. *^ '. *i.^ *!.-. t/-i That women are largely to blame for the down-

the precaution to first catch your man. — Htlen . „ . . , , j . .^ »,. j

jI fall of girls employed m the big department

^^^^__^^^^^ stores is the opinion of Bishop Charles D. Wil-
liams, who is quoted as saying from the pulpit

Woman, ^^ » fashionable church at Detroit recently: "A

^— ^ poor girl goes to the city and begins to woric in

Woman is the Sunday of man.— Michelet. a department store, managed by a representative

The best woman is the woman who U the least ChristUn man. Her wages are about $*- a week.

talked about. Old Proverb. She cannot support herself on that. Then there

ft is love that makes time pass, and it is time comes the suggestion— and I have heard it backed
that makes love pass. — Old Proverb. «P by the actual words of the so-called Christian
We should choose a wife with our ears rather employer- that there are other things she can do.
than with our eyes.-r-Old Proverb. "Who is responsible? You, my sister. The
The desire to please is born in women before day of judgment will be a day of surprises to
the desire to love. — Ninon de I'Enclos. you. You will perhaps find yourself wearing
A fortress that parleys with you and a woman the brand of shame on your brow that now seems
who listens to you are both ready to surrender, so fair — not because of wrong that you have
— French Proverb. done, but because in your unholy lust for bar-
Let a man pray that none of his womankind gains you have made conditions such that your
should form a just estimation of him. — Thack- less fortunate sister is crushed to the mud of

eray. the pavements."

There are more persons who wish to be loved __^.-_«__-^_

than there are who are willing to love.^Cham-

fort. Women, The Buyers.

ft is not easy to be a widow; for she must re-

sume all the modesty of maidenhood without be- The Union Labor Bulletin of Newark, N. J.t

ing able even to pretend ignorance. — Mme. de truly says: "As women are the buyers for their

Girardin. families, they are therefore the employers. So,

When women have been deceived by men, they if a woman demands the union label on whatever
wish to marry them. This is as good as any other goods she buys, she forces the shopkeeper to pur-
kind of revenge. — Beaumanoir. chase union label goods and employ union work-

A woman is seldom so tender to a man as men. In this way she prevents the horrors of

when she has just deceived him. — Anonymous. the sweatshops and child labor, and benefits the

A woman is easily managed when a man takes situation for every one concerned." So it is up

her hand in his love. — La Bruyere. to the women to takes these words to heart and

Love your wife as you love your soul; but act on them, thus following out the Biblical

shake her as you would shake a plum tree. — maxim of doing unto others as they would be

Russian Proverb. done by.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

613

Patriotic Blood.

His greatgreat-grcat-grandfathcr crossed the
Delaware with George,

And in his country's service lost two toes at
Valley Forge,

Where the frost king, keeping busy all that dread-
ful winter thru,

X'ery nearly did for Freedom what the British
failed to do.

His great-great-grandpa nobly put his private
cares away

And, hurrahing for his country, went with Jack-
son to the fray;

Many a crimson-coated warrior he dispatched to
kingdom come

On that great day at New Orleans, where be
bravely lost a thumb.

His great-grandad was eager, when his country

called, to go.
And, with "Rough and Ready" Taylor, he did

lyings in Mexico;
After humbling Buena Vista he assailed Chapul-

tepee.
Where he lost a collar button and a section of

his neck.

When the guns roared at Fort Sumter his grand-
father tarried not.

Hut went forth to save the country, bravely fac-
ing shell and shot;

He did wonders at Antietam, fighting under
"Little Mac,"

And at Bull Run he was foremost till he fell and
sprained his back.

His father was no laggard when poor, bleeding

Cuba cried
I**or the precious boon of freedom that so long

had been denied;
T.ike a knight he marched with Shafter, and was

nearly put to rest
By an army mule that kicked him in the stomach

at Key West.

And our hero, the descendant of the warriors

listed here.
Though a child, has nobly given up three teeth

and half an ear;
Cheer him, cheer him for the service that he

nobly does the state.
He may yet get blown to pieces on the day we

celebrate.

—Life.

our duties (even to the Councilman's) plain.
Sister Statzer was very well pleased with our
financial condition, but we told her it couldn't
be otherwise, as our brothers of the B. of R. T.
lodge. No. 103, pay all our expenses, such as hall
rent, etc., and the hall is one of the finest in
Gladstone, and they always work as bard as we
do ourselves to make anything we undertake a
success. Ndw, if they would only help us a
little more to get their wives, mothers and sisters
to join our Auxiliary, that would be appreciated
also. With best wishes for the B. of R. T. and
L. A. lodges, I remain, yours in S. L.,

A Mbmbbr op No. 839.

Gladstone, Mich.

Good Cheer Lodge No. 239 was convened in
special session April 27 for tiie purpose of re-
ceiving instructions from our First Vice Grand
Mistress, Augusta Statzer. The meetings were
well attended and the good words of advice and
instructions to the sisters will long be remem-
bered and we hope acted upon. She made all

Likes His Queen.

I desire to thank you for the splendid "Little
Queen Watch" I received for my efforts in secur-
ing thirty subscribers for the Trainmen's Jour-
nal.

My jeweler says the watch is a splendid time-
piece and one that any person should be proud
of. My wife was simply delighted. Yours fra-
ternally,

H. F. Marsh,
Coliunbus, O.

The Shadows.

Two tiny shadows on the wall one morning
Did shape themeselves like ancient knights of
old.
Who took their swords and fought for love of
freedom.
To win or die, like gallant warriors bold.

And as I gazed upon this shadow warfare
The battle ever fierce and fiercer grew;

And as the battle still increased in fierceness
The knights increased in strength and figure,
too.

Until their figures covered half the ceiling.

Their giant forms they ever faster flew,
Nor ever stopped, nor ever once receding.

Until I feared they'd cleave each other through.

But suddenly the battlefield was vacant.
The sun went" down and hid lliem from my
view;
And of those gallant knights that fought so
bravely
Which gained the victory I never knew.

Ah! like those gallant knights that fought so
bravely
Our thoughts, like fairy shadows, come and

The better often battling with the evil.
The purer often striving with the low.

Put let us hope our sun will show more mercy.
And gently shine until the battle's o'er —

Until the better thoughts shall win the victory.
And evil thoughts lie dead to rise no more.
Leah M. Bbdson.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Lilac Lure.

p. Habbkston Lulham.

Last night I sat and read alone.
With windows wide to the sea.

And my dead poets* loves and dreams
Lived and companioned me;

Below, the wave crooned, for my peace,
A murmoring monody.

And pain had reached a tideless time.

Slumbrous and passionless;
A wiser heart, methought, had lulled

To sleep the old distress;
It seemed, at last, my lonely soul

Accepted loneliness.

Then scent of lilac floated in.
Sweet from the springtime rain.

O fragrant lure! that roused the love
That safe asleep had lain;

Here was the old, mad heart once more

Awake and wild again!

— London Daily News,

Sometime — Somewhere.

You gave on the way a pleasant smile.

And thought no more about it.
It cheered a life that had been dark the while.

Which might have wrecked without it.
And. so for that smile and fruitage rare

Youll reap a crown sometime — somewhere.

You spoke one day a cheering word.

And passed to other duties.
It cheered a heart; new promise stirred.

And painted a life with beauties.
And. so for that word and silent prayer

YouMl reap a talent sometime — somewhere.

You lent a hand to a fallen one,

A lift in goodness given.
You saved a soul when help was rare,

And won a heart for Heaven.
And, «o, for that help you proffered there

YouMl reap a joy sometime — somewhere.

^Selected.

They said they were schools of trade;
They dwelt on the technical training

That the life of the mill entails;—
But when they came to class them.

They put them in with the jails.

No more need the skill of Auburn,

Nor our Tuskaloosa's pride.
Be chafed by the rival culture

That the mills and their toil provide;
For Truth has come to Justice,

And has put the mills in her scales; —
For the men who own them and know them.

Have classed them in with the jails.

in.

Your money may make them modem.

You may build up a factory school.
You may start with a hall for lectures.

And end with a swimming-pool;
But long as the hands of the children

Must slave for your ease and your sa^^
The heart at the core of the world. Sirs,

Will put down your mills with the jails.

IV.

There are men of lawless passion.

In our prisons bound secure;
But what are the crimes of the children,

Who are bound though their hands are pure?
For eleven hours — a strong man's day —

They toil till the spirit fails;
And thread by thread they spin the cords

That bind up your mills with the jails.

EocAK Gakoni* Mubphy.

With The Jails.

(Some of the managers opposed a better child-
tabor taw in Alabama and dwelt largely on the
"educational" advantages of their mills; but, in
order to block a provision for a special factory
inspector, they succeeded this spring in substitut-
ing a weaker law which associates the inspection
of cotton factories with the state inspection of
jails. These verses have been published in the
state press.)

They said they were schools of learning.

The best that the world has made!
But when they saw we were doubtful.

Statement Of Claims.

Port Huron, Mich., June 1, 1007.

Previously paid $277,604.41

Paid since last report none

ToUl $177,564 41

Deaths Since Last Report.

Daisy Barker, of Lodge No. S2, died April SO.
1907.

Jane M. Sweeney, of Lodge No. 169. died May
4, 1907.

Myrtle Seals, of Lodge No. 222, died May 5.
1907.

Blanche Adams, of Lodge No. 7S, died May 7,
1907.

Lydia Carter, of Lodge No. 148, died May 7,
1907.

Rosetta Ritt^r, of Lodge No. 209, died May 0,
1907.

Tillie Stratton, of Lodge No. 20S, died May
20, 1907.

Lucy Snyder, of I.^ge No. 86, died May 26,
1907.

Amy A. Downing,
a S. and T.

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TRAIN RULES

[^ KINDRED SUfid£CTS

Send all iDqairies to H. A. Dalby, Naagatock, Codd.

About Question 172.

"R. R." writes as follows: "In regard to
Question 172 in May Journal, would say
conductor was right in staying at C, but his
reason for staying does not seem right For
your information will quote the rule gov-
erning this, which is in effect on the B. &
O. Torm D (a) : (1) No. 5 Engine 1312
has right over No. 6 Engine 1412 on east
bound track Cherry Rim Block to Hancock.
(2) No. 5 Engine 1312 has right over all
trains on east bound track Cherry Run Block
to Hancock.' 'Under this order the train
first named will run on track specified be-
tween points named and the train or trains
last named must not leave the last named
point on said track until the first named
train arrives/"

The rule he quotes means the same as
the Standard Code instructions in connec-
tion with the form of order mentioned.
The feature of the rule which may be open
to criticism, and the one which caused
Question 172 to be asked, is that it pro-
vides no way for an opposing inferior train
on the same track to make a point between
those named in the order.

The conductor mentioned in the question,
being on an inferior train, refused to leave
the last named point until the superior train
arrived, giving as his reason that when the
superior train got orders to run on a track
other than its own it was practically an
extra, but we agree with "R. R." that the
logic is not very good.

CAN YOU TELL?

A writer from the Bangor and Aroos-
took R. R. in Maine asks the following
questions: Are there any laws in the dif-

ferent states to govern the number of cars
that may be hauled in one train ? Are there
laws relative to the proportion of cars in a
train that must be equipped with air brakes
and automatic couplers? If there are such
laws, do they make any distinction as to
whether the traffic is interstate or not?

We regret that we are not well posted
on these matters. We do not know of a
law governing the number of cars in ar
train, although there may be such. Usually
each road or each division places a limit
for the government of its own employes.
It is generally considered that from 45 to
60 cars, according to the character of the
district, is all that can be safely handled in
one train. More than the specified number
of cars make the train unwieldly and por-
duce a heavy strain on the draw bars.

We believe the law requires all cars to
be equipped with air and automatic coup-
lers, but that the railroads are given a rea-
sonable time to complete such equipment.
Meanwhile either state laws or rules of the
road require two-thirds or three-fourths of
♦'"'* :i:*3 in a train to be so equipped.
Eventually it is the intention to have com-
plete equipment of this kind and probably
it is applied to all cars which have been
built in the last few years. As to the mat-
ter of interstate traffic we are not informed.

Who can give us more and better in-
formation? How about the practice in
Maine?

QUESTIONS.

175.— "Order No. 1 given at A is as fol-
lows: 'Engine 6922 will display signals for
Engine 6904 and run as first No. 96 A to

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616 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Z.' 96 is running against No. 3, a lim- cumstances, it must be fully explained to

ited train, and when first 96 gets to F they them by the leading train that the expected

have not enough time to make H, the next train is following.

siding, as there is no passing siding at G. The rule seems to cover a case of this
They are therefore obliged to stay at F. It kind. Of course it was intended to help
happens that the telegraph office at F has trains out of a blind siding, but we think
caught fire and there is no way of commu- the words, "between telegraph stations/'
nication with the dispatcher. In the mean- may be fairly construed to mean between
time second 96 has left E with an order open telegraph stations or between tele-
reading, 2d No. 96 will meet No. 3 at H.' graph stations where orders may be ob-
The dispatcher evidently thought first 96 tained. A telegraph station that is burned
would make H without help. Is there any out is to all intents and purposes a blind
way these trains can move in safety?** — H. siding and we believe trainmen would be
J. H. justified in helping themselves out of an

Answer.— This question involves the emergency of this kind under the protection

same principle as the situation in Question ^^ *^^ rule quoted.

102 on page 220 of the Journal for March, I^ you have not this new Rule 94, nor any
1906, about which there was considerable ™>« ^'^^^ ^^^ we hardly know how to advise
discussion in succeeding numbers. If your y°" ^^ ^^t. Perhaps your officers sanction
rules are according to the old Standard ^n^ train helping another ahead of it in
Code we do not know of any n.le that will ^^*s way even though there is no rule for
permit any of the trains concerned to move. '*• ^^ should say that No. 3 could not
They are simply tied up. Were it not for ^^ave H when it holds a "meet'* order with
the unexpected fire in the telegraph office at 2d 96 until that train had been met. The
F we should say the dispatcher should have word "meet" means but one thing and its
made provision for this possibility and "leaning is very positive, but for Ist and 2d
should have arranged his order so as to 96 it is a case of taking the safe side and
prevent it. In other words, if he had making absolutely sure that it is safe before
known that no orders could be sent to F he proceeding. Our opinion is that a code of
should have sent the order to second 96 at ru^«s without a provision similar to the one
E in this form: "First and second 96 will Quoted >s not complete, as it fails to pro-
meet No. 3 at H," addressing it to 1st 96 v"^« ^^r a situation which is liable to arise
in care of the second. Then if the 2d over- ** *"y *""^-

took the 1st at a blind siding the order 176. — ^'Tlease give your opinion on the

could have been delivered to the latter train following order : *No. 34 of May 5th is an-

and both could have proceeded to H. Or- nulled B to D.* A is the initial station and

dinar ily this complication should not arise, No. 34 is due to leave at 7 p. m. It is due

but in this case, of course, the fire could to leave B at 1 :40 a. m. On the morning

not have been anticipated. If you have the of May 6th has extra 374 west a right to

new Standard Code rule, however, you will run from C to B against No. 34 on the

find that the second part of Rule 94 per- above order? I claim the order should

mits 2d % to take the 1st ahead of it on the have stated No. 34 due to leave A, its ini-

strength of the order held by the 2d. That tial station, is annulled B to D. Am I

part of new Rule 94 is as follows: right, or is this a proper order ?'^E. J. T.

When a train, unable to proceed against Answer. — Until the last revision of the

the right or schedule of an opposing train. Standard Code there was nothing in the

is overtaken between telegraph stations by rules as to how the date of a train or a

an inferior train or a train of the same schedule should be governed, although it

class having right or schedule which per- has always been understood that the date

mits it to proceed, the delayed train may, on which the train is due to leave its initial

after proper consultation with the following station determines its date throughout its

train, precede it to the next telegraph sta- entire run. But this understanding is defin-

tion, where it must report to . When itely authorized in the new Standard Code

opposing trains are met under these cir- by (he second paragraph of Rule 4, which

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 617

is as follows: "Schedules on each division Probably the dispatcher who issues such

(or subdivision) date from their initial sta- orders claims that he is warranted in so

tions on such division (or subdivision)." doing by the terms of Rule 218, which says

As a matter of fact, whether the new Stan- that "when a train is named in an order all

dard Code is in effect on your road or not, its sections are included," but our opinion

it is generally understood in this way. is that this rule has been very much over-

The order quoted is according to both the worked. We believe it was never intended

old and new forms of the Code and has that orders be issued in this manner under

reference to the No. 34 due to leave A at the protection of this rule. Rule 206 pre-

7 p. m. May 5th, continuing over its entire scribes the way in which trains shall be

run, and is therefore a perfectly proper or- designated in train orders and indicates

der. The train due to leave B at 1:40 a. m. that they shall be termed (for instance),

the 6th, is annulled from B to D and extra "No. 10," or "2d No. 10." This clearly in-

374 west may be governed accordingly. dicates that each separate train shall be de-

In regard to the form of order suggested signated in the order and on almost every

by the questioner he probably refers to the ^^^^ ^^'^ '« absolutely required. If the

second example under Form K in the old ^'^patcher does not know how many trams

Standard Code, which would make the or- \^^ *^ ^^.,["" ,^,/^^ s.^^\^^»>f ^^ ""f/'f

der read either "No. 34 due to leave A ^^^ *^7" ^o. 10, but if he afterward finds

Sunday, May 5th." or "No. 34 due to leave *^^* ^^?'^ ,^^^ * """^^^^ °^ s^^**^"«^ «"^

B Monday, May 6th." We know of no ob- "^"^* g|ve later orders the sections should

jection to using either of these two latter V^''*^^' . , . , , . .

forms if the dispatcher so desires, but the . ^""^^ ^18 was mtended for the mforma-

order as actually given is, in our opinion, ^'°" ^^ ^ .'"^^"^^ ^^^»" '" ^^'^ '' ^^^^'^^^

quite sufficient. ^'^^[^ ^«^'"^* a supenor tram designated

.^» ..^. ^^^ , . . . ^ , >T by the number of the schedule only, such

177.— "No 220 leaves A with Order No. .^,. ^ • „ ^^.,«j ai^^u ,: ,.: i«. i* :.

1 r II «XT ooA 11 * XT K * ^^^^^ ^^^ *^""° displaying signals. It is

1 as follows: No. 220 will meet No. 5 at ^^^^^ ^^^ instruction to such inferior train

^- > ;xT ol'"''!;! *^ ^ r xr\ r^ ^h^t a" s^cti^ns a^^ i"cluded in such a case.
No. 2: No^220 will meet 1st No. 5 at C ^^ ^^jj^^^ j^ j^ ^ ^j^^^^ ^j ^j,^ ^^j^ ^^

instead of D and 3d Na 5 at E instead of ^^^^ j^ ^^^^ j^ ^ ^^^^ ,.^^ ^^^ ^^^ .^ ^^^

p. Before leavmg B 220 gets Order No. ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^.^^ ^^^j„^ ^^^^ ^^^^.^^^

3 annulhng Order No 2. A claims Order ^^^^^^ j^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ;,p^Towt^ and if

No. 2 superseded Order No. 1 and Order ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ .^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^

No. 3 annulled Order No. 2, leaving 220 ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ understood

nothing against No. 5. B claims ^0 wdl ng^-Extra 488 south gets a 19 order at

meet 1st 5 at B and 2d and 3d 5 at D. ^^^^^ ^^^ j^^ ^^ ^ 2^ ^j^^^ ^^^j^^ ^.^^

Which IS nght?'-;. D. ^^^ ^^ Armstrong until 12:50 p. m. for it

Answer. — If such a combination of or- and extra 488 south has right to Durant

ders is sanctioned on any road we suppose over 2d 406. They meet 1st 406 at Arm-

the proper understanding would be that strong and 2d 406 flags to Armstrong on

Order No. 3 takes away all help against 1st the 1st section. 2d 406 displays green sig-

and 3d No. 5 and leaves a meeting point nals. Could extra 488 proceed to Durant

with the 2d section at D. But we have for 3d 406 without an order? I claim not."

recorded our protest many times against is- — P. P. S.

suing orders in this way. Even if they are Answer. — You are right. Extra 488

considered rulable they require too much could not proceed from Armstrong against

thinking to figure out the exact situation at 3d 406 without another order. When it

a given time. We do not mean to say that gets an order giving it right over 2d 406 it

the order is too complex for the average is true that it may proceed against all fol-

man to comprehend, but a man with a lowing sections, but it can do this simply

number of other things on his mind is Ha- because a following section cannot pass the

ble to confusion when meeting points are 2d. It gives the extra the right to proceed

changed as they are in these orders. against following sections only until it

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618 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

meets the section named in the order, should not send such orders unless there is
When it has met the 2d section it has no a probability that they can be executed,
further right over the 3d or any section As to whether the limits could be ex-
following, tended without notifying the work extra,
This is an important matter and should safety would certainly demand that the ex-
be well understood. When a contrary opin- tra be notified, although we repeat that there
ion is expressed it is argued that Rule 218, is no rule to govern the case, as the situa-
which says that when a train is named in a tion is abnormal and should never be al-
train order all its sections are included, lowed to occur.

would mean (in this case) that extra 488 «£. L. C." asks a question exactly like
has right over 3d 406 as well as the 2d to the above and the same answer will apply.
Durant and could therefore go to that sta- igO.-'The following order was issued:
tion if It should meet the 2d before reach- .q^j^^ ^^ ^ ^^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^^ ^2 No. 42
ing there But we must consider the fact ^^^^^ j^jg ^j,, ^^^^ j^^ ^j ^^^^ ^„.
that in all probability 3d 406 does not get ^^^ ^^ Unionville.' Special instruction
the order. It is customary to send such or- ^^ ^j^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^2 ^j,j ^^.^ ^^
ders only to the section mentioned and, in- Bloomington until No. 41 arrives. Bloom-
deed, It IS not necessary to send it to the .^^^ j^ 3^^^^ ^j Unionville and is the ter-

***^*7" „,o . . . . . . . „ «ninal. Will Order No. 6 give No. 42 the

Rule 218 IS misunderstood and misapplied ^j^^j ^^ ,^^^^ Bloomington before No. 41

when It IS argued thus. It was not con- ,^5^^ ^jj^^uj ,he words 'instead of in

structed to cover a case of this kind. It ^^^^ ^^^^^, „ jjo. 41 gets copy of the same

was intended for an entirely different pur- ^^^^^ ^„,j ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ Bloomington?"

pose as explained m the answer to Ques- p. j^ «

tion 177. ^ . . . .

179.-"Suppose I am on extra east 2589 ,,9"' ^P*"*^" is that the order to meet at

and arrive at Somerset and get the follow- Unionville must be observed and that it is

ing orders: 'Order No. 1: Work extra 764 "^* .necessary to make reference to the

will work 2:30 p. m. to 6 p. m. between ^P^^lf^ instruction on the time table either

Somerset and Rockwood.' 'Order No. 2: ^^ ^^l.rf^f. *"'^,*^^^ °^, ^'' '" *"y ^^^^'^

Extra east Engine 2589 will meet Work ^^^^ We believe this is the way such cases

extra 764 at Roberts.' Now, when Extra ^^^ generally understood.

2589 arrives at Roberts it is 6 :30 p. m. Our opinion is, also, that special rules on

and Engine 764 has not arrived. Must Ex- *^e time-table are not a good thing and

tra 2589 proceed or should she stay at Rob- should be avoided if possible. We have

erts until the arrival of Work extra 764? ^ovm of a number of cases where they

The question is this : Can the work train's ^^^e resulted in serious questions and on

limits be extended without notifying Extra <^ne occasion they were the cause of a head

2589? Some say yes and others say no. I en^ collision. It is natural that they should

have consulted the rules on this subject and ^a>se questions for the reason that they at-

I do not think the work train limits could *empt to provide for train movements in a

be extended without notifying the extra." way that is not^ contemplated in the rules

R R. and they are very likely to produce situa-

Answer.— The rules do not answer a tions which cannot be governed by them,

question of this kind for the reason that 0«r advice is, if you have them on your

the orders are not consistent with each time-table, to be extremely careful in the

other. When we get away from prescribed "se of them and when a question arises to

rules or when we issue orders that are not immediately apply to the proper authority

m harmony there is no authorized proced- ^^r an explanation and instruction as to

urc. The word "meet" means but one how they should be understood. For our

thing, and we believe Extra 2589 would be Part we do not like them,

justified in insisting that the train fce met 181. — ^"On this district there are but two

or that it be properly released from the re- schedules, No. 72 east bound and No. 71

quirements of the order. Dispatchers west bound, both second class trains. Litch-

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619

field is the eastern terminal and Eldred the
western. One train and crew runs both
trains, and east bound trains are superior
by direction to west bound of the same
class. It frequently happened that No. 71
was unable to make Eldred for No. 72 and
they used to get orders against themselves.
But a new time-table came out which made
no change in the schedules of the two
trains and which still says that east bound
trains have right over west bound of the
same class, but it also contains a special
rule that says No. 71 has right of track
over No. 72. This does not seem right
after plainly stating that east bound trains

are superior. It seems to me that if No.
71 is to be given right over No. 72 it must
be done by train order, for that is what the
book of rules gives us to understand. My
conductor says he would use the time-table
authority to run against No. 72 if neces-
sary, but I think he would have to get au-
thority by train order."— E. H. C.

Answer. — According to custom these
special instructions are observed and they
supersede the general rules. But, as we
said under Question 180, any special rules
of this kind are liable to lead to serious
questions and this possibility should always
be kept in mind by all concerned.

'They" Say.

There's a very wise family abroad in the land.

The largest I ever have known;
You have met, I know, for on every hand.

Some branch of this family has grown.
You may not care in this company to share.

And try to keep out of the way,
Still you're under the ban of this numerous clan»

Who are known by the name of "They."

They've a wonderful knowledge of all your
affairs.
Of your character, business, or health;
They have known all your family for years upon
years;
Their mistakes, their losses, or wealth.
And if one of the the throng has ever gone
wrong,
The disgrace will not soon pass away.
Twill be treasured in store, to repeat o'er and
o'er,
By this meddlesome family of "They."

If a stranger should come to your village or town.

He must not in ignorance remain.
He must know all the failings of Jones, or of
Brown,

Though the telling should cause them pain.
And they seem to arrange (though it looks very
strange).

That in some unaccountable way
Nearly all do wrong but those who belong

To this paragon family of "They."

With a very shake of the head, and a very grave
face.
And a voice mysterious and sad.

"They" will say, "Did you know such and such
was the case?

I'm sure it is really too bad."
Then the story will grow like the ball of snow

Which the school boys roll in their play —
Getting large and strong as it passes along

In the hands of this family of "They."

Oh! there's many an unjust prejudice born.

And many a sharp sting given
By the thoughtless tongue, while hearts are torn,

And truest friendships riven.
Of the erring soul that has lost its goal.

Yet yearns for the good old way.
Shrinks back from the light into darkest night.

Because of unkind words, "They" say.

What a heaven, indeed, this world would be

If this troublesome family of "They"
Would only the good in their fellow-men see.

And turn from the evil away.
If we heed the word of our loving Lord,

Tell me who will be today,
The sinless one to cast the first stone

At those who have wandered away.

Oh! these tongues of ours we should guard with
care, •
For our words will have an end
And by those words, God's book doth declare.

We are justified or condemned.
'Tis a solemn thought, forget it not.

But drop along thy way
Only words that are kind, and blessings you'll
find.
Though numbered among the "They."

M. Caibib HxrwABo.

8-1

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

Our Prayer, Alexander Pope.

Father of all! in erery agt.

In every dime, adored
By saint, by savage, and by sage,

Jehovah, Jove, or Lord!

Thon Great First Catise, least understood.

Who all my sense confined
To know but thh, that Thou art good.

And that myself am blind;

Yet gave me, in this dark estate.

To see the good from ill;
And binding Nature fast ia Fate,

Left free the human will.

What conscience dictates to be done.

Or warns me not to do.
This, teach me more than hell to shun.

That, more than heaven pursue.

What blessings Thy free bounty gives

Let me not cast away;
For God is paid when man receives:

To enjoy is to obey.

Yet not to earth's contracted span

Thy goodness led me bound.
Or think Thee Lord alone of man.

When thousand worlds are round!

Let not this weak unknowing hand
Presume Thy bolts to throw.

And deal damnation round the land,
On each I judge Thy foe.

If I am right. Thy grace impart.

Still in the right to stay;
If I am wrong, O teach my heart

To find the better way.

• • •

Teach me to feel another's woe.

To hide the fault I see;
That mercy I to others show.

That mercy show to me.

Mean thou^ I am, not wholly so.
Since quickened by Thy breath;

Oh, lead me, wheresoe'er I go.
Through this day's life or death.

This day, be bread and peace my lot;

All else beneath the sun.
Thou know'st if best bestowed or not;

And let Thy will be done.

To Thee, whose temple is all space.
Whose alUr, earth, sea, skies.

One chorus let all being raise;
All nature's incense rise!

If I Only Knew.

If I knew a box where the smiles were kept,

No matter how large the key
Or strong the bolt, I would try so hard —

Twould open, I know« for me.
Then over the land and the sea, broadcast

I'd scatter the smiles to play;
That the children's faces might hold them fast

For many and many a day.

If I knew a box that was large enough

To hold all the frowns I meet«
I would like to gather them, every one.

From nursery, school and street.
Then, folding and holding, I'd padc them in.

And ttiming the monster key,
I'd hire a giant to drop the box

To the depths of the deep, deep sea.

—Junior ToiUttes,

The Difference : Night And Morning.

Oh, it's pleasant in the evening

When you're from the city bound
To your wife and baby waiting

In the suburb by the Sound.
How you eat a pleasant dinner

Far from "downtown" labor hard;
Then you spend the evening resting

In your own green yard.

Oh, the difference in the morning

When you're rushing back to town
On the good old fast "eight twenty."

How you grit your teeth and frown
As she slows and stops completely —

Your remarks are rough and hard
As you spend the morning waiting

In the railroad yard.

— Commuitr.

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Then is no free Hot.

8end all remlttAnoM tm rabMriptioiM to iho Grand Beoretarr and Troamurer. Sao Baotion 80 Oonstiiaiion. Grand
Lodga.

Lattan for this dapartmant most ba wriitan on ona aida of papar onlj. writfcan with Ink and matt ba at thaofltoa
not latar than tha 12th of tha month to insora inaartion in tha corrant nnmbar.

All ohangaa of addraas, oommanloations partalning to tha J oamal. ato ., ahoold ba aant to tha Bditor. Do not aand
raaolntlona.

Whan tha Joornal doas not raaeh jon. Immadiatalj tXrm os jonr nama, oorraot addraaa and tha nnmbar of jont
Lodga.

Resolutions Adopted By The Eighth
Biennial Convention, May, 1907

The report of the Committee on Reaolutions was
as follows:

Atlamta, Ga., May 20th, 1907.
To the OiBcers and Members of the Eighth Bien-
nial Convention, Brotherhood of Railroad Train-
men:

We, your Committee on Resolutions, beg leave
to report the following:

Whereas, We have received a letter of welcome
to the State of Georgia and City of AtlanU from
the Hon. J. M. Terrell, Governor of Georgia, ex-
pressing his regret that he was unavoidably de-
tained in the City of New York in the discharge
of his official duties, and it would be impossible to
be present at our open meeting, and extending his
most sincere wishes for a pleasant stay in his
state and city, and expressing his good wishes for
our success as an organization; therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen most heartily thank Governor Terrell
for his expressions of good wishes and kindly feel-
ings; and, be it further

Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be sent
to Governor Terrell, be a part of the proceedings
of this convention, and be printed in the Rail-
tOAD TaAXR men's Joubnal.

Whereas, Brother W. C. Puckctt, member of
Lodge No. 802, President of the Trades Council
of the City of Atlanta, and Chairman of General
Committee of Arrangements, has attended our
convention and acted as Master of Ceremonies
at our open meeting of the Eighth Biennial Con-
vention of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen;
and.

Whereas, Brother Puckett, acting as our host
during our stay in Atlanta, has endeared himself
and the people of Atlanta in all our hearts for the
splendid and hospitable manner in which they
have entertained the people of this convention;
and.

Whereas, He and his associates and the people

of Atlanta have made our stay in the City of At-
lanta a most pleasant and agreeable one, one that
will afford the officers, delegates and their ladies
many pleasant recollections for years to come.

And as we regard his efforts as having been ex-
ceptionally painstaking and very successful; be it,
therefore.

Resolved, That this convention express its sin-
cere thanks and appreciation to Brother Puckett
and associates for the genuine hospitality ex-
tended the people of this convention by himself,
associates, and the people of Atlanta; and, be it
further

Resolved, That this resolution be spread on the
minutes of this convention, a copy forwarded to
Brother Puckett, and that it also be published in
the Raiukoad Tsainmbn's Joubnal.

Whereas, The Hon. W. R. Joyner, Mayor of the
City of Atlanta, honored, by his presence at our
open meeting, Tuesday, May 7, this Eighth Bien-
nial Convention and extended to xis a very hearty,
most pleasant and cordial greeting, and did de-
liver to our worthy Grand Master the key to the
City of Atlanta, and on the part of its citizens
did welcome us to partake of the genuine old-
time Southern hospiulity for which this city will
be so kindly remembered by delegates, visitors and
their families; therefore, be it

Resolved, That we tender to "Cap** Joyner and
the citizens of Atlanta our most sincere thanks
for the welcome given us, and assure the people
of this city of our pleasant recollections of our
stay in the Capital City of the Empire State of the
New South; and, be it further

Resolved, That this resolution be spread on the
minutes of this convention, a copy be sent to
Mayor Joyner, and be printed in the Railkoao
Tbainmbn's Joubnal.

Whereas, The Rev. Father John E. Gunn at-
tended the open session of our convention and de-
livered the closing pra]rer and benediction in our
behalf, we take this occasion to earnestly and sin-
cerely thank Father Gunn for his fervent inter-
cession on our behalf, and to assure^ him tha^ we
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622

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

were greatly profited by the esccellent senrice ren-
dered; therefore, be it

Resohred, That a copy of tfaU resolution be sent
Father Gnnn, be spread upon the minutes of this
convention and be printed in the Raiuioao Tiaiii-
mbn's Jouemal.

Whereas, The Eighth Biennial Convention of
the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen was hon*
ored by the presence of the Rev. W. W. Lan-
drum at our open meeting, Tuesday, May 7; there-
fore, be it

Resolved, That we extend to this eminent divine
our sincere and gracious thanks for his most ex-
cellent invocation and words of wisdom. We ap-
preciate his prayer, and will endeavor to be just
and temperate, and in our relations with men we
will exercise that same charity we would ask for
ourselves; and, be it further

Resolved, That this resolution be a part of the
records of this convention, that a copy be sent
to the Rev. W. W. Landrum, and that it be printed
in the Railsoad Teainmbn's Jovbmal.

Whereas, The Hon. C T. Ladson, "the silver-
tongued orator of the South,'* at Buffalo in May,
1905, bid us "come to the land of Dixie, the fields
of cotton and the home of fair women," did ap-
pear at our open meeting. May 7, and, on the
part of the Trades Council did welcome the Eighth
Biennial Convention of the Brotherhood of Rail-
road Trainmen to AtUnta, "the proud city of the
Southland," that he "made good" goes without
saying, and by his flow of rhetoric and flights of
oratory won the hearts of our delegates and ladies.
We will ever remember the hearty words of wel-
come and good wishes from this legal and loyal
friend of organized labor in the "Cracker City"
of old Georgia; be it further

Resolved, That this convention most sincerely
thank Mr. Ladson, and we trust the best of for-
tune will attend him wherever duty may call him;
and, be it further

Resolved, That this resolution be made a part
of our records, a copy be furnished Mr. Ladson,
and be printed in the Railsoao Tbaimmbn's Joua-

MAL.

Whereas, The Brotherhood of Railroad Train-
men has been honored by the presence, at its
Eighth Biennial Convention, as its guest of honor,
of the Hon. L. S. Coffin, better known by us as
"Father Coffin," originator of the white button,
who has devoted his time and talent in furthering
the cause of temperance among our members, and
who, in his quiet way, has distributed charity
while offering words of counsel and cheer to the
hearts of all; and.

Whereas, His careful attention to the inmates
of the Railroad Men's Home has resulted in a
better understanding of our members as to the
merits of this cause, and as we heartily appreciate
his services in the care of those unfortunates;
and.

Whereas, The Brotherhood of Railroad Train-
men feels proud to refer to Father Coffin in
connection with the automatic coupler and air

brake bw and his efforts in tecttring the
of same; therefore, be it

Resolved, That the thanks of our organisation
be extended to him through this convention for
his friendship and continued assistance; and, be
it further

Resolved, That this resolution be made part
of the records of this convention, a copy be for-
warded to the Hon. L. S. Coffin, and that it be
published in the Railkoao Teainkxm's Jooxmal.

Whereas, The Eighth Biennial Convention of
the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen has re-
ceived from Brother John Mitchell, President of
the United Mine Workers of America, a very
friendly and fraternal greeting, congratulating our
Brotherhood upon its "recent successful adjust-
ment of the wsge scale for our Western mem-
bers," and assuring us of his personal good wishes
and continued friendship; and,

Whereaa, We recognize Brother MitcheU as a
labor leader of such ability and fairness as to do
justice to both employer and emplojre, who de-
serves the respect of all American citizens, and
we know he has the best interest of our organisa-
tion at heart; therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Brotherhood extend to
Brother Mitchell and his organizstion our best
wishes for their continued welfare and prosperity;
and, be it further

Resolved, That a copy of this resolutkm be for-
warded Brother Mitchell and a copy be spread
on the minutes of this Convention and be printed
in the Railxoad TaAiNMBif's Jouimal.

Whereas, We have received a letter of fraternal
greeting and good wishes from Brother John J.
Hannahan, Grand Master of the Brotherhood of
Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, expressing
his regrets at his inability to attend our Conven-
tion on account of the serious illness of his wife,
and of a meeting of General Chairmen of his or-
ganization which will necessiute his attendance,
and

Whereas, Brother Hannahan expresses the
continued friendship and fraternal feeling for our
Jdrotherhood and wishes for us a "pleasant session
and a valuable one in matters of legislation for
our members;" therefore, be it

Resolved, That the thanks of this convention
be extended to Brother Hannahan, and through
him to the members of the Brotherhood of Loco-
motive Firemen and Enginemen for such expres-
sions of good will, and to assure them thst their
good wishes are fully reciprocated; and, be it
further

Resolved, That a copy be sent to Brother Han-
nahan, and be printed in the Railxoao Tbaihmbm's

JOUBNAL.

Whereas, Brother A. B. Garretson, Grand Chief
of the Order of Railway Conductors, in response
to our worthy Grand Master's inviution to be
present at our Eighth Biennial Convention, did
acknowledge receipt of such invitation, expressing
his regret at being unable to attend on account

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

623

of the Grand Division of that order convening at
Memphia a few days hitcr; and,

Whereaa, Brother Garretaon also conveyed to
this Convention the best wishes of himself and the
Order of Railway Conductors, wishing us a suc-
cessful session; be it, therefore.

Resolved, That this Convention assure Brother
Garretaon and the Order of Railway Conductora
of its sincere appreciation of hia kind regards,
and that it sincerely hopes that the friendly rela-
tiona of the two orders enjoyed during the past
will continue to exist; and, be it further

Resolved, That this resolution be made a part
of the records of this Convention, that a copy be
forwarded to Brother A. B. Garretaon, and be
printed in the Railkoao Trainmen's Journal.

Whereaa, Brother Warren Sanford Stone. Grand
Chief of the Brotherhood of Locomotive En«
gineers, has conveyed to our Grand Master, and
for the Convention, hia regreU at being unable to
attend this Convention as our guest, but his rep-
resentative. Brother F. A. Burgess, Assistant
Grand Chief Brotherhood of Locomotive Engi-
neers, appeared and conveyed to the Brotherhood
of Railroad Trainmen the good wishes and fra-
ternal greetinga of hia most excellent organiaa-
tion; and.

Whereas, We know that the Brotherhood of En*
gineers is in full accord with the purposes of our
organisation, and is giving iu co-operation, and
we appreciate the value of the friendship of the
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers; therefore,
be it

Resolved, That this Convention express its sin-
cere thanks to Brothers Stone and Burgess for
the good wishes conveyed for the success of our
Brotherhood, and we assure them of our hearty
reciprocation of all good wishes and fraternal
greetings expressed by them; and, be it further

Reaolved, That thia resolution be made a part
of the records of this Convention, that a copy of
same be forwarded to Brothers Stone and Bur-
gess, and be printed in the Railroad Trainmen's
Journau

Whereas, The Eighth Biennial Convention of
the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen received a
letter of good will and beat wishes for future wel-
fare of our Brotherhood from Brother H. B. Per-
ham. President of the Order of Railroad Telegra-
phers, in which he also expresses his regret at be-
ing unable to attend on account of the Sixth Bien-
nial Convention of Railroad Telegraphers, which
convenes in Memphis on May 18, 1907; therefore,
be it

Resolved, That thia Convention extend ita sin-
cere thanks to Brother Perham for his fraternal
wishes, and that we assure him of our best wishes
for the continued and ultimate success of the
Order of Railroad Telegraphers; be it further

Resolved, That this resolution be recorded on
the minutes of this Convention, that a copy be
forwarded to Brother H. B. Perham, and that
it also be published in the Railroad Trainmen's
Journal.

Whereas, The Eighth Biennial Convention of the
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen received a
communication from our brothera the Hon. E. E.
Clark, member of the Interstate Commerce Com-
mission, acknowledging our invitation to be pres-
ent at our Convention, and expressing his regret
at being unable to attend, and alao conveying to
thia Convention hia most cordial fraternal greet-
inga and best wishes for our continued and ulti-
mate success; be it, therefore.

Resolved, That this Convention express its ap-^
predation and thanka for the kind expressions
and fraternal greetings of Brother Clark; that in
him we recognize one of the best friends to our
Order; that it reciprocates fully the good wishes
expressed by him; be it further

Resolved, That this resolution be made a part
of the records of thia Convention, that a copy be
forwarded to Brother E. E. Clark, and be pub-
lished in the Railroad Trainmen's Journal.

Whereas, The Hon. Frank P. Sargent, Com-
missioner General of Immigration, Washington,
D. C, did acknowledge receipt of our Grand Mas-
ter's invitation to be our guest during the Eighth
Biennial Convention, expressing his regret at be-
ing unable to attend and extending his best
wishes for a successful meeting, and assuring us
of his continued friendship and kind personal re-
gards; therefore, be it

Resolved, That the thanks of the Brotherhood
be extended to Brother Sargent, formerly Grand
Master of a aister organization, for his continued
interest in our Brotherhood; and, be it further

Resolved, That this resolution be a part of the
records of this Convention, a copy be forwarded
Brother Sargent, and printed in the Raiuioad
Trainmen's Journal.

Whereas, The Pullman Palace Car Company haa
courteously provided free return transportation
for those delegates who are actually employed in
railway service, and who had purchased Pullman
transportation and retained documentary evidence
of such purchase, coming from their several homes
to Atlanta to attend the Convention; be it, there-
fore.

Resolved, That the thanks of this Convention
be extended to the officers of the Pullman Palace
Car Company for such substantial favors; and, be
it further

Resolved, that a copy of this resolution be aent
to Mr. R. Dean, General Manager; and to Mr.
W. M. Camp, Superintendent at Atlanta, and pub-
lished in the RAiLaoAD Trainmen's Journal.

Whereas, Members of the Mystic Shrine, return-
ing from their annual convention at Los Angeles,
Cal., were killed and crippled in a serious railroad
accident; and.

Whereas, Certain of our members are also mem-
bers of the Shriners, we are, therefore, doubly
aggrieved; be it

Resolved, That the sjrmpathy of the Brother-
hood of Railroad Trainmen, through its Eighth
Biennial Convention, be extended to the A. A.
O. N. M. S. during this hour of sorrow; be it.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ResolTcd, That a- copy of this resolution be
printed in the Raiuumo Tiaimmen's Jouenau

Whereas, The Farmers* Union of Georgia, in
conTention assembled, did extend to the Brother-
hood of Railroad Trainmen choice fraternal greet-
ings and did extend a hearty wish for our con-
tinued growth and proaperity and a pleasant stay
in their city and sUte; therefore, be it

Resolved, That the thanks of this, the Eighth
Biennial Convention, be extended to the Farmers'
Union of Georgia, and that we appreciate their
friendship and will endeavor to work for the
common interest of all laboring men; be it further

Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be
forwarded to the chief executive officer of the
Farmers' Union of Georgia, and be printed in the
RAiutOAD Traimmbn's Josnal.

Whereas, Order of Railroad Conductors, Divis-
ion No. 870, of AtlanU, Ga., did arrange for the
appetites of our several delegates, visitors and
their families, a most enjoyable and old fashioned
Georgia barbecue, where Brunswick stew, barbe-
cued pork and mutton, and all things necessary
to complete a most appetizing and substantial
noonday meal, was spread in the beautiful White
City Park, where our delegates, visitors and their
families spent a very pleasant and profitable after*
noon, partaking of the 'cue and otherwise; and.

Whereas, >The Georgia Railway and Electric
Company did furnish special cars to transport our
large party to the park free of cost; therefore,
be it

Resolved, That the thanks of the Eighth Bien-
nial Convention of the Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen be extended to our O. R. C. brothers
for their genuine old-time Southern hospitality;
and, be it further

Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be sent
to the Chief Conductor of Division No. 870, a
copy be printed in the Railroad Trainmbn's
Journal, and be sent to the manager of the Geor-
gia Railway and Electric Company.

benefits too well to hold to their real convictiona
that perhaps would lead them to tame and guard
instead of submitting to the impulses of men
made irresponsible by prejudice, by passion or
greed. Senator La FoUette'a plan to have the
working hours of railroad men limited by law of
Congress bears indirectly upon the rights of the
public as well as upon the rights of a class. It
is, of course, true that things are generally cov-
ered up for the trainmen and they have a long
rest after every long period of duty. But the
long period of duty saps the vigor of the strongest
frame. Rest should be regular and periodical in
order to take up the strain. And where the public
rights come in is just at the point when the
switchman, conductor, engineer, fireman and
brakeman are overtaxed. A long rest after a k>ng
vigil may bring some relief to the overworked
factor, but it cannot remedy the accident due to
his drowsiness or other incapacity. A square deal
for both railway employes and the traveling public
is the issue involved in measures like the La
Follette railway hours bill.

Let us rid ourselves of fear. Do not go sneak-
ing and trembling in search of what is ours by
honest right. Demand what is our due on the
principle that if we have done our work well
we are entitled to all that is coming to us, with-
out fear of any human creature, however exalted
his position. The power is within ourselves; use
it and your hard conditions will vanish as dark
clouds from the face of the sun. This is an era
of organization. Nothing apparently can b« done
without it. One can do little, but one man com-
bined with 100,000 of his fellows, becomes a
mi^ty power, if we only do what is right.
Alprbd S. Lunt,
Lodge No. 466.

A Double Barreled Humanity Gun.

The highest courage is to dare to do right for
right's sake in the face of opposition, ridicule and
probable loss of popularity. The head of a
natk>n, the minister who is the power behind the
throne, the leader of a party, the preacher of re-
ligio\ss or moral truths, to such men there some-
times comes the opportunity to act with the high-
est courage. History gives us a few splendid ex-
amples of such truly valorous souls, who strong
for truth and brave for truth, held to the wise,
the human or the honorable course in spite of the
protest, misconstruction and denouncement of a
public whose judgment was for the time para-
lyzed by prejudice and passion.

Is Senator La Follette a man of highest cour-
age? There are many who believe that he is.
There are few indeed of our public men who dare
to be wise. They fear public sentiment too
greatly; they love popularity and its rewards and

Shorter Hours «

The question which agitates the minds of many
railroad employes is the reduction of working
hours. I have within the past six months been
asked by different railroad employes the cause of
our slow progress in this direction. We are not
unmindful of the fact that our committees have
made weak and faint-hearted attempts to ahorten
our work-day. Very recently a universal, heart-
less demand was made for a reduction of hours by
our committees. What was the result? Nothing.

If my memory serves roe right they were
promptly turned down — and stayed down. They
were confronted with a statement of a scarcity of
railroad men, and this statement was used by
railroad officials as a strong argument, at least
sufficiently so to prevent any reduction of hours.
Of course, if railroad men are scarce it would
seem impossible to shorten the work-day. It
would indeed be more reasonable to increase the
hours of workmen. In this way we could over-
come the scarcity of railroad workers. But be-
fore increasing the hours of labor it might be
judicious to make inquiriea and ascertain if there
is truth in this statement of scarcity of men in
this work and also the cause for this sudden de-
crease in workers. If there is a scacf^ty of rail-
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 626

road men there must be a cause for it, and what- much better and apparently as easy to contest for

ever the cause we are reasonably certain that our important legislation as it is to forego the desire,

calling does not appeal to the working class or In our present stage of organization we have

attract the unemployed. It is invisible to us, but abundant strength, but of what use is this power

visible to the unemployed; that there is a disa- if we do not exercise it? In legislating we have

greeable element in our work and this can easily been too conservative. We need radical innova-

be attributed to our inferior working conditions, tion and the sooner the better.

RaUroad work » considered the most harardous We are not satisfied when we are compelled to

labor performed. What do we get for that part P>-o<i«ce for the sustenance of others. Our

of it? Nothing. We are also underpaid for other ^^S^ » known and admitted. We are inde-

disagreeable elemento of this work. Now is it a Pendent to that extent, but this does not avail

wonder that railroad men are scarce? The insist- «» wything if we do not exercise it If we com-

ence of working long hours, compelled to do so P»«« <>* ^^ treatment and show the least remon-

by officials, and having in our ranks a few igorant •^•"^e we are told to go slow. I may be called

men who are always looking for overtime; and » Pcwimist, but I prefer that to be an optmust

to the last can be attributed the cause of our ^»«> *>"«?• ^^ ««>se against conditions and never

slow progress in this line, and it has diverted the »««» ^^ " ^^ ^^

attention of the unemployed to some other line of J* I-a Fomtaiiii,

business. Lodge No. 8t.

The question presents itself. What is the pres- ____

ent or the ultimate solution of this sudden scar- y? i? • xt

city of raaroad men? In what manner are we ^aVOrS foreign NcWS.

to overcome this deficiency on which is based this . , ' . 7 T* , # ..

strong argument that warped and narrowed the ^ ^ "«* ^Jf «[ "> the May JouaNAL from the

minds of our committees fT^V.u ^^ ul. a """p' !^a-a ♦"??'
It may seem unreasonable and irrational at thU »f " °' ^^ Brotherhood down East did not hke
stage to advise a reduction of hours in order to ^« ^"^ ^^ Jo^«"^ ^" presented,
overcome the scarcity of workers. But it is the I cannot quite agree with him, so far as the
only immediate remedy for this defect. I can say fir«t pages of the Joubnal are concerned. I be-
that there is no danger whatever in reducing the Meve that the brothers down East ought to be as
hours when laborers are needed. We are aware m^ch interested as the rest of us, in what is
of the fact that there is a large body of men in going on abroad, so that they may understand its
this country who are employed. We know of a effect on conditions at home,
large body of men employed in what is known as I think the articles on conditions abroad are
unproductive service. But the men on whom I about as good as anything we have had, and have
wish to lay especial stress are those who are held done as much to keep our members advised as
in reserve for emergencies, the men who are re- anything that could have been given us. The
strained from engaging in any line of business, articles on the Panama Canal Zont were of great
until called for to serve in times of disputes, interest to all of us, for it is the greatest place
With such a large army of non-producers is it a at present for railroad men to look to when they
wonder that we work long hours? Is it a wonder get out of a job in this country,
that railroad men are scarce? With the above We ought to be mindful of the fact that we can
mentioned unemployed men actually engaged in make laws for our country, if we take the matter
productive service, with our conditions of employ- up as we should and encourage each other to
ment such as to attract them in our direction there work for legislation through our legislative bodies,
would be a surplus of railroad men which would and to elect members to those bodies who will
place us in a position to make a further reduc- pay some heed to the demands of our class,
tion. It b not to our advantage to monopolize I think our members might profitably write of
this work. We must have assistance from the their experiences elsewhere. I was in Panama
unemployed. If, for instance we have in train and made about fifty trips across the Panama
and yard service one hundred thousand men over- Railroad and I was not favorably impressed with
worked at ten hours per day and fifty thousand the country at all. I saw five natives die in one
men are unemployed, it stands to reason if we can day from different diseases and I surely thought
induce them to engage in railroad work we can my turn would come next.

reduce the hours easily to an eight-hour day. If The newspapers paid no attention to the deaths

our railroads require one hundred and fifty thou- on the Isthmus; and if the truth were always told

sand men and only two-thirds are employed those it would be a difficult matter to get Americans

who are employed will have to provide for the to go to the Isthmus. It may not interest our

support of the unemployed. It is always reason- middle-aged brother who has spent his days in one

able to believe that those engaged in productive spot, and who is now settled down expecting never

service support those who are non-producers. One to be moved again, to have some information

man can probably saw a cord of wood in ten about work in other countries, but I speak from

hours, but if he has a son whom he is supporting my own experience, and say that it has been the

and able to work, will assist him, they will saw means of advising a lot of us as to what was

another cord in five hours. best for our own welfare.

Reverting to the weak attempt made by our I think if more of our brothers who have been

committees to shorten the work-day, I say it is on the Isthmus, or elsewhere, ywould be good

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

•nouffa to write their ezperiencet and impressiont
to the JouKM AL it would be of as much Krvioe to
the organization in general as anything that could
be offered.

CoAS. W. Cam HON.

The Home.

HtoBLAND PAax, Ill.» Junc 1, 1007.

The following donations have been received:
B. R. T. Lodges.

S2 1 2.60 461 % S.OO

149 6.00 646 12.00

187 22.00 646 6.00

224 2.00 696 SO. 00

299 2.00 698 10.00

462 6.00 827 6.00

468 10.00

Total $112.60

Summary.

O. R. C. Divisions $89.66

B. R. T. Lodges $112.60

B. L. E. Divisions 89.00

B. L. F. ft E. Lodges 10.00

L. A. C Division 6.00

G. I. A. Division 6.00

James CosteUo, No. 270, O. R. C 1.00

Alfred S. Lunt, No. 466, B. R. T 1.00

Proceeds of a ball given by No. 488, B.

L. E., O. R. C No. 890 B. L. F. No.

897 and No. 684, B. R. T., Hoisington,

Kas 26.00

Proceeds of a ball given by No. 879, B. L.

E., Ashland, Wis. 81.00

Collection taken up by the delegates of the

O. R. C. Grand Division, Memphis,

Tenn. 208.98

conditions and we are working under some very
good rules and are being fairly well paid. The
one drawback we have b that there are some of
our conductors who seem to be afraid to ask the
company to conform to the rules. One of our
rules calls for two brakemen on all trains doing
local work, but there are a number of conductors
who seem to dislike to ask for the extra man.
It is not right, and they should insist that the
number of men provided for by the rules be
placed on all trains, as they are on all other
roads east of Pittsburg and Erie.

I think that our men, as fast as they are pro-
moted, ought to take their regular turns and not
try to knock someone else out by bidding for a
favored home job in some other branch of the
service. Our brothers seem to prefer a job flag-
ging on a home run to running a crew that is not
so favorably situated, and I believe it is not right
and is unfair to the rest of the men in the ser-
vice. M. Flannagam.

Total $626.98

Miscellaneous.
One box of books from Brother Bedson, No.
781, B. R. T.

Respectfully submitted,

JoMN O'Kun,
Secretary and Treasurer.

Reynotdsville, Pa.

We are glad to be able to say that we have
enough members who are interested in our lodge
to properly take care of our affairs. Some of our
oiBcers are not attending to duty as well as they
might, and I believe they ought to be on hand,
or else tender their resignations, so that some
one who will fill the positions properly could be
elected in their stead.

If our members would only look back over a
few years, to the time when they received $1.95
per day, and did not receive pay for overtime,
and had to work sixteen and eighteen hours every
day, they would appreciate what the Organisation
has done for them. If it had not been for the
Brotherhood they would be getting the same rate
of pay and work the same hours as they did then.

Tba work of the committee has changed the old

The Power Of A Small Act.

Recently several trades union matters of only
local importance in the first instance have taken
on a national aspect because of the development
and exploitation by the press of the country, of
what were primarily trivial incidents in connec-
tion with the real question at stake. This has
not tended to give people a true impression of
trades unionism. All reformers make mistakes;
as a class they are not more infallible than other
people. And it is usually their mistakes that are
at first given the most prominence.

Just so Is it with organixations existing for the
benefit and welfare of the many. They will
always be judged in certain quarters not so much
by tiie permanent good they accomplish, but by
the selfishly aggressive acts of a few of their
members. Acts, Uke people, are frequently judged
by appearances. Each man must interpret the
deeds of another as they appear to him. And his
judgment is according to hto own powers of per-
ception and his own depth and breadth of char-
acter. A littk'minded man will, of course, be
quick to impute a small, contemptible motive to
an act with which he happens not to be in S3rm-
pathy, either for material reasons or on account
of prejudice, regardless of the underlying princi-
ples governing it. But there are many otherwise
fair-minded men who misjudge a fine character
because of some trivial act.

It is well worth remembering that one must not
only be good, but one must appear to be good.
One must not only have hi|^ prindplet, one
must show them in every act, otheiwise people
will not believe that they are there. I know a
very successful business man, a man who has
made a large fortune for himself, and an enviable
position as an authority on finance. Every man in
his line of business respects his knowledge and
ability. Yet I have never heard one kind word
spoken of him in the business world. In his homa
he is one of the most unselfish of men, a Christian
father in the truest sense of the term. He doea

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627

a grett deal of good, too, in a quiet and tmoaten-
tatioua way. But tlie minute he enters Ilia office
be becomes, to all appearances, a bard, cold, ca^
culatinf financier, to whom human beings are only
interestinf in direct ratio to their business value.
And in this character he does a great deal ol
barm, in a negative way.

It is a curious fact that most of us would show
more charity, more unselfishness and more love
for our fellow-beings if we weren't ashamed to.
It is the fear of being thought "sentimental" and
"goody-good** that makes us paint ourselves
blacker than we are. Very few of us have the
courage of our convictions. We always wait for
the other fellow to take the lead. And frequently
be leads the wrong way. Yet he gathers in hia
followers— many against their better judgment —
shnply through the force of will power, which is
the hypnotic force that rules weak characters.
This is one of the difficult problems that organised
labor baa constantly to meet. People are gradu-
ally beginning to learn something about its aims
and the actual good it has done, yet as long as in*
dividuab ar« not actuated by the principles which
they uphold as an organized body, trades uniona
are going to be misjudged. There will always be
some who wiU Judge them by the reckless acta of
a few men.

It is wen then, for each and every man who
stands for organized labor to let Its high princi-
ples govern all his acts that he may not, even In
the smalleat way, misrepresent a great power for
good. — Rev. Charles Stelzle.

We can assimilate and Christianize them. This
won't work at alL" As well may an over-fed dys-
peptic say, "Oh, I can eat or drink anything—
vinegar, milk, lobsters, arsenic pork fat, anything."
This is just the condition of the big American
cities; they are ruined by indigestion and by
poisona of all sorts, and yet there are many good
railroad men in these cities crying for "more."
We are receiving from Europe millions of immi-
grants every year, not the best of European ma-
terial, but the worst — paupers, criminals and
illiterates which should be restricted at once. I
contend, therefore, that the Joubnal Is doing a
full duty and could confer no greater favor upon
the Trainmen than keeping the matter before
them. Brother Sisco says we can't dicute to bw
makers, etc I don't see why. We elect these
men to offica as servsnts of the people and it is
the Trsinmen's moral duty to see that their Sena-
tors work to the interest of the American people
at large and we should instot on immigration be-
ing restricted as much as we should insist on a
wage-scale with our employers being grsnted us
when we think we are not getting reasonable
wages for our services. Trainmen, don't let the
JouKMAL "give it up." We can do without our
beautlfal "mugs" on the first page.

WXLUAM HUWT,

Lodge No. 7M.

Ironton, Ohio*

In looking over the Jouinal for May I found
a communication from Brother George Sisco, Sec-
retary Lodge No. 14, referring to "too" much
space of the Jouewal being devoted to foreign
immigrants, etc, etc, and saying we should have
more pictures of our own men and more railroad
news and home talent I am inclined to think
Brother Sisco would very frankly change hia
views if he understood the great danger that
threatens the American people and labor organiza-
tiona from the undesirable, and unrestricted im-
migrants coming to our shores annually. I would
hardly fttA like classing Brother Sisco with some
of our people who stubbornly insist that we should
throw our portals wide open to these foreigners
and say, "no danger, let 'em come," for he is a
"Trainman" and I am sure be knows where the
root of all our troubles liea with reference to or-
ganized labor. It's the foreigner that will take
his run out in esse of strike. It's the foreigner
that win work for less than he wUl. It's the
foreigner that win agitate a strike. It's the
foreigner that wUl resort to all kinds of lawless-
ness. And It's the same foreigner that will do
almost anything unAmerican between employer
and employe to promote discord in the ranks of
our Brotherhood.

There are very many good people who continue
to say, "Oh, the good Lord opened this country
for the oppreised of every land. Let everybody
eome In freely without restriction of any aort.

Canal Zone.

As there are a few changes of Interest to all
of our brothers in the conditions here, I wiU give
3rou the fscts. Secretary Taft can safely say re-
garding hia visit to the Zone and his diplomacy
in treating with the railroad men, "I came, I
saw, I conquered." He met the conductors and
engineers and told them that he would send them
his decision in a few days. As the appointed time
passed the committee waited upon the chief en-
gineer, who was to receive a letter for the com-
mittee from Secretary Taft After a delay of
several days the committee was told that a letter
had come to the Isthmus, but that it was a per-
sonal letter to the chief engineer and not to the
committee and that he had not received any word
for the committee from Secretary Taft

On May 6th, the engineera and conductors. In
a body, notified the officials on the Zone that if
they did not receive a reply to their demands by
the morning of May 7th they would not go to
work. On the evening of the 6th a messsgc un-
derstood, or stated to be, a cable, stated that the
demands of the steam shovel engineers and crane
men, being unreasonable, would not be granted.
That engineers would be paid $210 per month,
with a five per cent increase after the first year
and a three per cent increase each year there-
after. Also that all time worked over nine hours
per day could be taken in lay-over days on the
Isthmus or added to the leave of absence.

Qualified conductors would be paid |190 per
month, with the same five and three per cent in-
crease aa granted to the engineers. AH of the
above increases to go in effect on-^May lst,il907.
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The committee of the conductors and engineers
notified the men that they had accepted the offer.

There was not one word said about the train-
men; but I understand that Chief Engineer
Stevens, before his retirement from office, offered
the same settlement, except the five and three
per cent yearly increases. His offer was to go
into effect the first of April, 1907.

As for the trainmen, promotion has been fast,
as the number of conductors needed in the service
has increased. In the past, each boat brought
conductors who had been appointed in the States,
and the faster they came the less were the train-
men's chances for promotion. But hereafter
there will be no conductors hired in the States.
All must come here as trainmen. If a man shows
a good record and that he has been a conductor
within the past two years, he may be sent to the
Panama Railroad to be examined, but if be has
no record of running as stated, he will not be
examined till he has been here six months. Of
course the need for conductors governs the call
for examination.

By qualified conductors we mean those who
have taken the examination. There are a few
jobs in the cut spotting cars, where the crew
does not go on the main line and where a con-
ductor need not be qualified and receives only
$160 per month.

At the present only about 30 per cent of the
trainmen here have done railroading before com-
ing here and I believe that the plan of not hiring
conductors in the States is to encourage ex-
perienced men to come here as trainmen and be
promoted as the need for conductors arises. The
pay of trainmen is still $100 per month. It may
be increased and it may not. Honestly speaking,
the class of men now here give the writer the
opinion that the officials can do as they see fit
with <0 per cent of them.

The steam shovel men were paid $210 per
month. They demanded $800 per month and on
the 10th and 11th several of them resigned and I
understand that all will have resigned by the
18th. The officials have made arrangements to
fin their places, but who they are or how many,
I have not been able to ascertain. The men in
different departments express the opinion that
the demands are unreasonable and I do not think
that anyone in the transportation department will
uphold them.

One of the greatest complaints among the men
is the food question. The quality and the quan-
tity is fair, but the cooking in most of the places
is "rank." The writer has gone to places and
paid 80 cents for something to eat and was only
able to eat the bread and drink some rank coffee,
the rest being simply unfit to eat. In the raw
condition the provisions are all right, but they
are spoiled by the negroes who cook them. A
negro who has never cooked anything but jaws
cannot be expected to cook for white men and
some of the stewards who run these eating houses
here could not run a 6 cent house in the States
and hold the trade. The main fault is that the
wages paid are so small that a good man cannot be
induced to remain io that department.

As all the brothers can understand, tiie con-
ductors and engineers have settled and everything
is all right. To any brother who wants to come
here I say: Be sure you have a complete record
of yourself and remember the rainy season is
here. This is no place to come for a pleasure
trip. Come with the intention of staying and of
making good or — keep away. X.

May 12, 1907.

East St. Louis, 111.

While reviewing the past history of this grand
old Brotherhood of ours, I find many things done
that should encourage its 91,000 members on their
march onward and upward. And these same
successes should appeal to the men of the raUroad
world for an increased membership. Then let
every railroad man lend his financial aid and
numerical strength to the further efforts of the
B. R. T. for an improved condition, shorter hours
and more pay and improved labor laws through
the efforts of our legislative boards.

Note what has been accomplished through our
efforts. We indorsed the Federal Safety Appli-
ance Law and rendered material assistance to its
passage, while the Switchmen's Mutual Aid Asso-
ciation, the predecessors of the Switchmen's
Union of North America, were opposed to the
law. Our Brotherhood furnished the necessary
financial aid to have the Johnson case heard in
the United States Supreme Court, said court ren-
dering a favorable decision, which made' the fed-
eral law effective. We furnished the money to
dissolve the Wabash injunction, which means
more to the railroad men of today than any other
accomplishment of recent years. We were suc-
cessful in having the railroads of the western
half of this country to grant an additional one-
half cent an hour increase in 1908 after
the Switchmen's Union had agreed to accept a
smaller amount. We repeated the same dose in
1906, receiving one cent more an hour than the
Switchmen's Union agreed to accept. Had it not
been for the willingness of the Switchmen's Union
to take over the schedules held by the B. R. T.
the increases would have been even greater than
they were. In proof of the Switchmen's Union's
eagerness, I refer you to the N. Y. C. & H. R.
settlement at Buffalo.

The B. R. T. and O. R. C. are responsible for
the Illinois Safety Appliance Law for the protec-
tion of road and yard men and through the joint
efforts of the B. R. T. and B. L. F. & E. we have
the Indiana full crew bill. And through the joint
efforts of the B. R. T., O. R. C, B. L. E. and
B. L. F. & E. the Employers' Liability Law was
passed at a recent session of Congress and the
assistance of these same orders will no doubt
insure a favorable decision on this law by the
United States Supreme Court as the Federal Dis-
trict Courts have passed upon this law several
times, giving more favorable decisions than ad-
verse.

Have the signatures of the Switchmen's Union
been attached to any of those successes? No.

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Only in a puU-back method. My object for men-
tioning the many great things done by our Order
is to make a comparison of the worth and work
of the B. R. T. and the Switchmen's Union.
The B. R. T. has a membership conceded to be
91,000 at this time and has more than $1,250,000
of money on deposit, with obligations paid in fult
Our Order in the past two years has increased its
membership about 17,000 members and a very
great percent of this increase has been yard men.
In Chicago ak>ne we have organized three strictly
yard lodges with a total membership of about
1,000, with other increases throughout the state
sufficient to make 2,000 new members. The
Switchmen's Union of North America, according
to last reports, has a total insurable membership
in the United Sutes of 7,948, an increase for the
past two years of 1,080. Eight hundred and
thirty-seven of this increase is shown to have been
made in the State of Dlinois, where their especial
attention has been directed to the organizing of
switch tenders, old and young. They also show
to have on hand a total cash balance of $44,167.83.

Brother switchman, answer this question. If
you be fair to yourself, yotir wife and children,
your position, the company that employs you, and
to your God, can you accomplish as great things
at the hands of a dwarfed organization, practically
financially stranded, as you can with an organiza-
tion composed of 91,000 members, which is more
than eleven times your membership, an organiza-
tion having $1,250,000 in money behind it, which
is more than twenty-eight times the money you have
— an organization which gives you a greater amount
of insurance at less cost than you now receive,
^and guarantees you protection just so far as you
are willing for it to protect you? I would answer
"No." Then why not disband this little bunch
of rattlers that have gained the reputation of
making more noise than a horse in a tin stable?

The B. R. T. has accomplished all the past
improvements in the conditions of road and yvrd
men in spite of all your pull-back. Now, if you
had numbered with them, your pull would have
been in the right direction and not of the rule
and ruin kind. Then I say to you, why not hurry
up the arrangements before it is too late for
Brother F. T. and Brother Jim C. to again hit
the foot-board inside of the age limit?
Fraternally yours,

EUGBNB WaiORT,

Lodge No. 706.

Chicago, IlK

I have now before me a copy of the Switch-
nun's Journal for June, 1907, and the reading is
fairly interesting until I resch pages 498-499.
There I find an article over the signature of "Big
Jim,** conveying some very valuable information
to those who are fortunate enough to read it,
purporting to be a correct statement concerning
some trouble on the M. & O. at Mobile, Ala.,
and the very prominent part taken by the writer
in bringing about a speedy settlement (how easy
it must have been); speaks of meeting CoL Rus-

sell, "a jolly, whole-souled fellow.** I can see -
how the Colonel was jolly, etc. I would laugh
myself when I gazed on such an athletic figure as
"Big** Jim attempting to settle a condition that
probably required the services of a safe, sane
and conservative man. He go«s on to say, "I
have a better opinion of the Colonel than before
I met him.** (How happy and contented the
Colonel must be.) I wonder if the Colonel's
opinion of "Big" Jim is fit for publicstion. He
also says, "Tuesday I left Mobile and all our
members happy;" your tittle vaudeville act must
have been well rehearsed to make such a hit, es-
pecially in Mobile, for those people don*t laugh
unless there is a good reason. I think the reason
they were happy is because Connors left. I don't
blame them. Had I been there I also would be
happy. He also states, "Pigford did not want
harmony, for that night he brought out a red rag
and flaunted it in the face of the bull/* after
stating that he had left for St Louis before that
time. You can imagine my surprise when I got
to St. Louis and got a paper and read that the
Switchmen had struck. Connors must have made
a very favorable impression with his men when
they forgot in such a short time that he had
visited them, and inasmuch as it was his duty
to teach them law, order and obedience.

I wonder if the world sees you as I do, Jim?
It is very distasteful to me to show you up in
your true light, but there is a limit to all things.
You are constantly, through the columns of your
Journal (otherwise known as the conduit) assail-
ing the character of men who in public and pri-
vate life would think themselves dishonored to
be called your friends, therefore I cannot re-
strain myself. My personal opinion of you is
entirely unfit for publication, but I will take the
liberty of charging you with being a collossal
failure as a leader of men.

SguAKs Deal.

The Owls.

All hooters please hoot to the calL

Especial attention is called to the fact that
the dope drug that was administered to the birds
at Buffalo May, 1905, and which nearly resulted
dissstrously to our illustrious order, has been
completely eradicated and some healing and in-
vigorating balm infused, the wonderful effects of
which are already apparent This promises to be
both far reaching and lasting in its efficacy, it is
therefore to be hoped that with the renewed
efforts of all interested feathers and pin feathers
to see our Order of Owls rise. Phoenix-like, and
shine, as it never before did, at Columbus, Ohio,
in 1909.

We have already been assured that a special
appropriation will be made to insure for us a
grand parade and ball, and to thb end we intend
to use unlimited paint, paper, paste and push,
realizing by that time in numerical strength at
least one-half the entire Brotherhood.

The Grand High Roost met in Atlanta, Ga.,
May 15, 1907, but owing to the death of our

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630 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

p. G. G. O. and in view of the fact that there spirit to get something for nothing. A Spirit to

was no guide to safely steer our course, the hold from him that hath not. A spirit to crush

birds became wild and took to the wilderness, the weak and helpless, and so the whole human

consequently at the sound of the hoot only our race.

illustrious Grand Scratch and Stuffed Owl re- In fact, the predominating characteristic of all

sponded. It then became absolutely necessary to mankind from the day history was recorded, has

reorganise. This had a good effect and from the been a desire for self-aggrandizement. It is

enthusiasm and approval of the Grand Hooters only in the dawning of this mighty modem civi-

clected there is no reason to believe otherwise lization that we are awakening to the fact that

than a grand upbuilding generally. Plans were at this curse can be eliminated, and to crush this

once begun for getting to work on the constitution primitive instinct is the greatest problem we

and general rules, which will be put in print have confronting us today. Not in others, but

shortly and distributed. in our own individual selves.

Your G. G. O. asks that all Scratch Owls send Wake up, don't fall into a state of lethargy,

as early as possible a list of feathers, the number Just a little kindly word spoken from the heart,

of roost and location, likewise a statement of the just a welcome hand when we meet a brother,

condition of the roost, cash in hand, etc. All Don't go around under the impression that from

roosts that have gone down or are in a comatose a business standpoint you cannot be what you

condition from lack of interest will also reply want to. That is all foolishness. Kind words

and state all troubles. And any good feather and kind deeds should be chief factors in the

knowing the way to organize will be given a cer- business world, and the sooner man wakes up to

tificate of authority by applying. No fewer than this fact the better it will be for all humanity.

ten pin feathers can start a roost and a deposit of That all the laboring classes should be united

$10 will be necessary to procure supplies. In is admitted. But that all humanity should be

conclusion will say all feathers get busy, so that united; that capital and labor should meet as

we can build up our good old Order of Owls brothers; that humanity might prosper, and "peace

again and any suggestions from any source that on earth, good will toward men" should reign

would be of interest will be gladly accepted by supreme is the all important problem of today.

Yours truly at the Stump, That this Brotherhood shall be one of the prin-

T A McKsAN G G O ^^ participants in the uplifting of the down-

' ' ' * trodden, and a teacher and instructor to the

All communications address to 208 W. 84th ^j^^,^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^at it wlH set an example

street, New York City, N. Y. ^^^^^ tl,^ laboring worid, and be a teacher of

——^—^—^ justice, love and righteous integrity to its em-

When We Reach The Terminal. »!<•'«'• •^"'•<' "* *' *""»°»' *"" »' "«"

Tramman.

S<lfi.hne» WM u. attribute of the primitiTe /«» «. ^P'"* *""^: '''"^r°" *^^' ''

nun. Will man never wrfte up to the fact that 't''^' . We can eradicate Mlfishne... We can

herein lies one of the fundamental ethic, in the ?"'«"•*« '*' " *« «['• J""' « ''">« *«" P"*"

prosreM of civili»tion? Will man go on for- » «" *^\ •» »'*<'«''• ^eep your eye. on our

evermore trying his best to grab right and left. "«>«°' «"<* '»°" «"•*, "^V ?" *'?'*<"'' "

■training every menul faculty he pcMiesse. to done and we h«re reached The Terminal we can

«:heme, cheat and grab everything that come. *"\,*^* " •"•"* ~«>™P''»'«'^. ""f ft"*, thou^

within hi. reach, never taldng a thought of his "»»" «* ^i "<* *« ""^ "»' ''««' "> ™"- ^h"

feUow men? U this thing to go on forever? Are S^"* Brotherhood can sUnd as a monument to

we a. individuaU going to permit this crime to °"[.«^* ""' 'J^^*"^? ?T' ""• ** * '^~"

^ 4 light to those who are m darkness,

contmuer v r n

It has been said, touch a man's pocketbook and *- *-• If®"'

you touch hU heart. But selfishness doesn't mere- Member Wo. 68.

ly consist in the eagerness of man to grab gold.

Selfishness is a broad and sweeping term, being Earn Something During Vacation «

applicable not only to capital and labor, but al-

most every controversy that has arisen between There ought to be about one hundred thousand
men since history was recorded. Selfishness, girls and boys out of school during vacation that
that curse which has permeated the atmosphere belong to our Brotherhood homes. "All work and
of our modem civilization, enervating our ethics, no play makes Jack a dull boy," but it is not a
and jeopardizing our country. bad idea to mix up enough work in the play to
That we cannot and must not tolerate this make the latter the better appreciated. The Joua-
curse in our rapid march for the universal up- nal has a way that offers the chance to mix the
building of a consununate civilization is impera- two with profit in both directions.
tive. If the Brotherhood girls and boys will get sub-
That telfishness does not merely consist in the scriptions for the Jousnal during vacation they
gaining of wealth is demonstrated obviously by can get in return for their work good values in
the fact that among the poor and poverty stricken, prizes that could not be given if cash commissions
where there is absolutely no chance for them to were paid.

become millionaires, still this same selfish, ego- For our boys and girls we have specislly selected

tistical, self-aggrandizing spirit is apparent. A prizes. They are of the kind that i^ch one can

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

631

use, the Talues are of the first class and their re-
tail price amounts to one hundred per cent in
commissions.

We have a Lady's Queen Watch that tells for
$80.00 and we offer it for 80 paid yearly subscri-
bers. We have a Commercial Standard Watch
that sells for |85.00 and we offer it to the boys
for 86 paid yearly subscribers, then we have a
splendid signet ring we offer with either mono-
gram or initial, engraved to order, for 20 paid
yearly subscribers. These are high class goods
and if the Agents feel that they have not received
first-class prizes we will make them satisfactory.
Your own jewelers can be the judges when you
receive the prizes.

Every boy and girl can easily get one or more
of these prizes. You might as well go back to
school with something to show for your own effort
during vacation. There can be no better offer
made to you for your work than the Jouknal has

we win win out It is pretty tough when you
have got to pay for your monthly ticket out of
your check, but it is now up to the Board of
Adjustment. Cutting hose and steam coupling at
terminals should also be done away with.

Onb Who Knows.

Let us see if we cannot get a few thousand new
subscribers for the JouaNAL during July and Au-
gust

Look at the advertising pages for our other prize
offers. Remember, you can have your own home
jeweler pass upon the value of these prizes. We
will make good.

Jersey City, N. J.

The convention held at Atlanta was the most
impressive gathering I have had the pleasure of
witnessing I think. It was a very fortunate thing
for our order that it was held at Atlanta. It
will prove a big boom for the South is not thor-
oughly organized. I also attended a meeting of
local lodge No. 802, when there were over 800
visiting members present. I had the pleasure
of seeing one candidate ride the goat. The offi-
cers of No. 302 are all on the job and have the
ritual work down fine. Brother Puckett was
there with all the ritual work also and made a
very good impression.

Palisade Lodge No. 602 is still doing business
at the same old stand. We are glad to know
that the period for admission has been cut down
to six months. Let us hope that this will prove
a great advantage to our Order, but at the same
time there is another thing that ought to be taken
into consideration, and that is give a man a
chance to join, but I don't believe in chasing af-
ter material when they have every inducement
and are getting good money through the Brother-
hood.

There seems to be a little dissatisfaction among
our members and the attendance of our meetinir
shows it. Brothers, don't get mad when things
are not coming our way. We must admit we
had a lemon handed to us in the matter of free
passes. I am sorry to say I was stung, but let
us hope at the next meeting of the Board of Ad-
justment that we will be able to get our division
passes. There are lots of things that could have
been gained, but better luck next time. Don't
get discouraged, but keep the good work up, and

New Journal Prizes*

The JointNAL wants to get the largest circula-
tion of any publication of its kind and for that
purpose it has revised its list of subscription prizes
in the hope that the new offers will prompt our
brothers and sisters to renewed efforts to get sub-
scribers.

Now no one need work for nothing, for we
offer a prise for one suhseripHon, This prize is
not a house or lot, nor even a pony and cart, but
it is a good B. R. T. pin that retails for 60 cents
and it is about as good an offer as we can afford
to make for subscriptions received. Then we have
other pins we offer for 8 subacribers; others we
offer for 4 and 6 names and we have two Auxiliary
emblems we offer, each for 6 and 10 names, the
latter with the name of the owner engraved on
the bar. We have all kinds of rings running from
16 names to 80 names. Two of them are lady's
rings, one of them is a signet ring with monogram
engraved to order and the others are B. R. T.
emblem rings. These are about the best we ever
secured for prizes. The designs are new, very
pretty and the values are good.

We also have a new B. R. T. cuff button we
offer for 10 subscriptions, and there are B. R. T.
charms we offer for 6 to 10 subscriptions. These
values are excellent.

Our watches are of the well established, high
grade kind that stand for themselves and need no
recommendation. Ask your delegate to the At-
lanta Convention what this lot of watchaa looks
like. The same watch is offered for subscribers as
follows: The B. R. T. Standard for 76 names;
the Lady's Queen for 80 names, and the Commer-
cial Standard for 86 names. This comes very
close to returning a dollar in prize values for eadi
dollar received in subscriptions, and who is there
that can make an honest offer that can come any-
where near it?

In addition we offer to the subscriber a good,
readable monthly publication, attractively pre-
sented and filled with entertaining, instructive
matter that will be of some interest to every one
who reads it It is the purpose of the JouaNAL
to contain something of interest to every one who
opens it. No publication is read from cover to
cover because not all of it is of interest to the
reader, but we try to arrange our JouaNAL so
that something in it will appeal to each reader.
This is a good fair offer to the subscriber; it is
not a charitable proposition by any means. We
want everybody to have the JointNAL and we will
do our best to give each subscriber a fair return
for his investment.

We want every Brotherhood man and woman
to take up this work for us. Will not each one

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632

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

of you help us a little? If you do we wUl be
kelped a wonderful lot.

Look at our advertising pages for our list of
new prizes and offers that range from a prize for
one subscription to a fifty-dollar watch for seventy-
five subscribers.

House Work.

For it*s wash, wash, washl
Here's the allfired bloomin' dishes make them
clash;

How I scatter them about and slap them with
the clout
As I grit my teeth and say 111 cook their hash.

I can't forget the day

I heard my wifie say,
I'm the bummest bottle-washer you have seen.

I kissed her dear sweet face.

And said I*d take her place;
I'd do the work like lightning so I said.

The fire wouldn't bum,

The duplex wouldn't turn.
The blessed grate got stuck and wouldn't move.

And in my awful ire

To light that bloomin* fire.
I knocked the all-fired bottom out the stove.

Then it's scrub, scrub, scrub;
That's the way all housewives earn their grub-~

Eternal scrub and wash, making puddings, pies
and hash.
Should they wear their lives out thus? Aye,
there's the rub.

I broke the plates and dishes

With the dishdout's angry swishes;
I wished I had a mother-in-law to help me out

The breakfast and the dinner

Not fit for saint nor sinner.
Scarce fit to put beneath a porker's snout.

Next time my wife is ill

Or is taken with a chill.
Get a woman, bet your bottom dollar, son —

Clean the stove and sweep the floor;

There's the postman at the door.
Make the bed and — when the deuce will I get
done.

Then it's clean, clean, clean,
With a score or so of curses in between.

With broom and mop I rattle, as I give the
housework battle;
I'm the bummest bottle-washer you have seen.

Forsooth I'm feeling poorly;

A month of this work truly
Would surely cook my goose and do it welL

Clear the ashes, get the coal.

Dump the rubbish in it's hole.
Get the cloth and set the — hang it, there's the
belL

I'll tell my wife I'll chuck it

Before I kick the bucket;
I'll be hanged if I can stand this. Hully gee I

How my wife can do it

And how she e'er gets through it
Is past my comprehension, don't you tee.

For it's rush, rush, rush.
Like a hound upon the scent way in the bush.

Then when the things go wrong kerwallop goes
your tongue
Which says so many cuss words makes you blush;

Chasin' X cars on the run —

Catch 'em, sonny, that's but fun;
It's only just exhilarating play.

Tackle wifie's job and see.

And I'll bet you'll side with me;
Your down and out and settled in a day.

Then when you come home at night

Let your smile be gay and bright.
And give your better half a word of praise;

Just do your level best

To give her mind a rest,
And keep the kind words flowing all your days.

For it's sweep, sweep, sweep 1
I'm jee whizzed — I could very nearly weep.

For I feel such a chump it gives a chap the
hump
To think such work would make him look so
cheap.

If you're not inclined to shirk

And would like to try the work
Your wifie's got to do around the place.

Just take the whisk and broom

And hustle round the room;
Before the day is done you'll pull a face.

And when you think you're done

You bet your boots, my son.
You'll find another dozen things to do.

When a woman's work is done

Her race b surely run.
They're dead and in their coffin when they're
through.

D. McCuBBiN, No. 606.

Wishing.

I wisht I wus a hummin* bird.

I'd nes' in a wilier tree.
Den noth'n' but supp'n' wut goes on wings

Could uver git to me.

I wisht I wus a snake. I'd crawl

Down in a deep stump hole.
Noth'n 'd venture down in dar,

'T 'd be so dark en col'.

But jis' a nigger in his shack,

Wid de farlight in de chinks —
Supp'n' kin see him uwy time

He even so much as winks.

It's a natchel fac' dat many a time

I wisht I wus supp'n wil';
A coon or a' owl or a possum or crow —

Leas' ways, a little while.

I'd lak to sleep in a holler gum

Or roost in a long leaf pine,
Whar nothtn' 'd come to mess wid me

Or ax me whar I'l gwine.

~~CharhtU Obttrver,

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PLEASANTRIES

A group of railroad men in New Orleans
were talking about the fastest rides they
ever experienced, says the Times Democrat,
One man in relating his experiences said:
"Across bayous and through marshes we
rushed like mad. When we reached the
Rigolets, the most remarkable thing I ever
saw took place. The train was traveling so
fast it sucked the water up behind it as it
rushed across the trestle, and I could hear
the fishes groan as we flew over this neck
of the gulf. Most remarkable think I ever
saw in the way of fast runs." And he lapsed
into silence.

"I am glad you reminded me of that run/*
said another member of the group. "I had
forgotten the incident. I can vouch for all
you say, for I was on the back end of the
last coach, and the water which was sucked
in behind the train by the vacuum almost
washed me overboard, but I held on all
right, and when we made the crossing and
the waters had receded I picked up on the
platform of the rear coach the finest bunch
of fish I ever saw. They were no doubt
the fish you heard groaning."

George— I have been invited to a "flower
party" at the Pinkies*. What does it mean.

Jack— That's one of the newest ideas this
season. It is a new form of birthday party.
Each guest must send Miss Pinkie a bou-
quet containing as many flowers as she is
years old, and the flowers must have a
meaning. Study the language of flowers
before ordering.

Florist's Boy (a few hours later) — A gen-
tleman left an order for twenty of these
flowers to be sent to Miss Pinkie with his
card.

Florist— He's one of my best customers.
Add eight or ten more for good measure.

Teacher — For a correct imderstanding of
this sentence. "They cleaned up $75 between
them,** it is necessary to explain that there
was no literal act of cleaning up. The words
convey the idea of distribution, or parcelling
out, and may relate to the division of the
proceeds of a financial transaction or the
spoils of a questionable or dishonest ven-
ture. In short, the phrase is peculiar to the
language and may be classed as idiomatic.

Tommy Tucker— I understand the sen-
tence all right, but I don't know what you
are talking about. — Chicago Tribune,

A well known artist was walking with a
friend one day, when his companion sudden-
ly discovered he had a tooth in bad condi-
tion. As the pair were passing a drug store
the man with the throbbing molar asked the
other :

"What would you advise for the tooth-
ache?"

"Why," innocently replied the artist, "the
last time I had a toothache I went home
and my wife kissed it away."

The friend paused a moment and then
asked, "Is your wife at home now?"— £jr-
change.

The little girl came home from school in
the middle of the forenoon in a high state
of excitement.

"What is the matter dear?** asked her
mother.

"Jimmy Treadway scared me."

"How?"

"Why, he's been having the mumps, and
he*s got some of 'em left, and when I
wouldn't give him a bite of my apple he
said he was going to take a mump out of
his pocket and throw it at me !*'— CAfCfl^o
Tribune. ^ i

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634 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

We never take liberties with the Mascms. Those fond of Irish bulls may iind some
I mean the F. and A. But here is some- amusement in the following letter, which
thing too good to lose. It really happened was written by an amorous swain of the
in a small court in Long Island, and ought Emerald Isle to his lady fair,
to go on record with the grand master of "My Darlin' Peggy: — I met you last
the state: The prisoner was one of the night and you never came! Fll meet you
prettiest hoboes that ever wandered from again tonight, whether you come or whether
Hoboken. He was typical. But he fell by you stop away. If Fm there first, sure I'll
the wayside and failed to convince the write my name on the gate to tell you of it,
policeman that he was really an honest old and if it's you that's first, why rub it out,
grafter-tramp. "Yer honor, I'm a Mason," darlin* and no one will be the wiser. Ill
he whispered to the judge.. "I'm sorry for never fail to be at the trystin' place, Peggy,
that," replied the magistrate. "Fm one my- for, faith, I can't keep away from the spot
self, and I hate to lock up a brother. What where you are, whether you're there or
are the three precious jewels?" "Ycr honor whether your'e not
ain't goin' to press me too hard? I ain't "your own
been in a lodge in 18 years." "Answer the Paddy."

question — softly in my ear." "Well, if I

ain't forgot the ritual, the three precious ., „,._ ,. x ..^ ^
jewels is a girl, a bird an' a cold bottle." ^^^ ^.fe (m t«irs)-«0 Gerald !
"Ten days," said the judge.-^. Y. Press. }^*.**° y*"" *'"'^- ^he canary has gone
to laying eggs!"

An Irishman was walking along a road Unfeeling Husband-"! don't see anything
beside a golf links when he was suddenly f^a^-breaking m that Elsie. If s a perfect-
struck between the shoulders by a golf ball. '^ P'*^' *!"« .^' » ^"»7 *««'«■ „ ,
The force of the blow almost knocked him .^ ^°^f„ w'f«^"Y«». »>«« I've always called
down. When he recovered he observed a ,j t \' tt ,^ , -«,, .,
golfer running toward him. .. ^-^^'-^K Husband-«Well. you can caU

«« A I. * :»»• 1 J *!. 1 ««x»n. *t Ben Hur now."

"Are you hurt? asked the player. "Why

didn't you get out of the way?"

"An' why should I get out of the way?" The young man called on his best girl and

asked Pat. "I didn't know there were any spent the evening. When he arrived there

assassins round here." was not a cloud in the sky, so he carried no

"But I called *fore,' said the player, "and umbrella. At 10 o'clock it was raining cats

when I say 'fore,' that is a sign for you to and dogs and the gutters overflowed,

get out of the way." "My, my, my !" said the dear one. "If you

"Oh, it is, is it?" said Pat. "Well, thin, go out in this storm, you will catch your

whin I say *foive,' it is a sign that you are death of cold."

going to get hit on the nose. Toive.'"— "I'm afraid I might," was the assenting

Selected. answer.

, .— "Well, Fll tell you what— stay all night;

A traveler m Norway stopped at a small you can have Tom's room, since he's at col-
town and put up at the city hotel. He re- lege."

mained more than one day and suddenly re- She flew upstairs to see that Tom's room

membered that he had not registered. was in order. In a little while she came

Accosting the proprietor, he explained the down to announce that Tom's room was in

situation and was assured that his name had order, but the young man was not in sight

been registered for him. As the visitor had In a few minutes he appeared, dripping and

not given his name he was somewhat cur- out of breath from running, with a bundle

ious to see the entry. Calling for the regis- under his arm.

tcr, he read: "Mr. Russian Leather, coming "Why, Charlie, where have you been?"

from Warranted." The hotel clerk had she cried.

copied the inscription on his trunk.-PW^ "Been home after my night shirt," was

^^^^' the answer.— S'a^rfty'j.

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EDITORIAL

Vol. XXIV.

No. 7

Become A Working Part Of The Brotherhood.

The Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen,
like all other organizations, must remem-
ber that it can be no stronger than its
foundation. The membership is that foun-
dation, and its intelligence, fairness in all
its relations, ability and determination to
distinguish and do the right thing at the
right time, and its steadfostness to the
principles selected for the government of
the organization, will determine the meas-
ure of success to be attained by the or-
ganization. This means that every mem-
ber must do his share in all Brotherhood
work.

This may appear quite a lengthy catalog
of qualifications, yet, there are not so many
that one can be done away with. Unless
taken comprehensively they must be added
to for the requirements are many that are
necessary to insure successful labor or-
ganization.

A labor association is always before the
bar of public opinion. The employer of
labor is seldom on trial and, when he is,
the chances are that everything is in his
favor from the public view point. It does
not follow that the public always knows,
or even cares, whether it is right or not
When it is inconvenienced and the em-
ployer makes his statement he is generally
believed and the employe suffers in con-
sequence.

There are certain affairs in industrial
matters that seem to move in irregular
period), corresponding to the state of busi-
ness. They appear on occasion by show

of unusual unrest among the workers, a
sort of an organized disorder, so to speak,
that comes from a lack of knowledge on
the part of members of organizations that
do not understand the necessity for the
old time methods of operating their labor
organizations. They are told, and they
believe, that the times are out of joint, and
so far they are fairly correct. They
are advised their organizations have
outlived their usefulness and that it
is time for the inauguration of some-
thing that will do the work the oth-
ers have failed to do. In this they
are not correct There are certain influ-
ences at work to make the members of la-
bor organizations feel that their associa-
tions are useless, impotent and out of date,
that they have run their course and all
that kind of argtmient that precedes an at-
tempt on the part of some one set to do
something experimental at the sacrifice of
what has been done.

The older members of the organizations
have long since quit riding in every balloon
that is sent up, but the younger ones are
likely to listen to the "voice of reason,"
as it calls itself, and they think they see
something, which experience has shown the
older ones is not there.

While times are fair and work is not dif-
ficult to get, the experimentalists have quite
a time getting enough men to start any-
thing new, but when times are hard, woik
scarce and living difficult it is easy to fill
the air ship with patriots who^ave at bst
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636 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

found the right idea, that is, to hear them The Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen

tell it. is not a one man association. It is a dem-

Much of this tendency to follow off ocratic organization in which every one

false teaching is the result of the chang- of its 92,372 members has his voice and

ing membership. The older members are vote. They say what shall be done and

constantly passing off the scene and their the law, which is the result of their will,

places are taken by younger and less ex- is laid down for the guidance of every offi-

perienced ones who do not know what cer and member alike. No man dare as-

their predecessors had to sacrifice to secure sume authority to say to the membership

the conditions and wages they enjoy. The it must do anything unless the authority

young men are in the majority and their has first been given by the membership,

advanced age experience is too often dear- It is that same membership that must pro-

ly bought tect what it has secured and it is the duty

This largely could be avoided if the o^ «ach member to understand fully every

older members would only meet with their question pertaining to his organization and

younger associates and advise them. The *^ operation.

older workman is not derided when he tells We have been successful as an organiza-

the younger ones what his experience was, tion, but like many other successful asso-

to the contrary we find the young man has ciations we have become too indifferent in

due respect for the "wise old head/* and some respects and overlook many things

usually will be guided by him. If the older that we cannot afford to neglect There

men would give their advice and encour- are too many men who seem to feel that

agement they could eliminate a great deal a labor organization is a one sided affair,

of imagination, conceit and misinforma- not to be taken seriously when the rights

tion that will creep into any association of the employer are the consideration. It

that is not properly guided and informed, must be remembered that a business prop-

The JoTJUNAL asks the older and more osition is always a business proposition,

experienced members of the Brotherhood It cannot be a business organization

to become practical missionaries for the when it wants to make an agreement and

work of the organization. Tell the story go out of business if some one else wants

of the past and show the young member to break it If an agreement is to be made

that what he has is the result of the care- with the mental reservation that it will not

ful work of years arid let him realize that hold there ought to be enough honesty to

evolution, while slow, is more certain than say so and leave out all pretense of any-

revolution, which, while more speedy, does thing other than the "strong arm" policy,

not insure permanent results for good. The Brotherhood has been a business or-

There are influences now at work to di- ganization and what has been ' done has

vide the membership of the railroad or- been done in such a manner that employers

ganizations. The promoters do not expect of other kinds of labor have readily de-

to realize their ambitions for the exper- dared their wish that employes of their

ience of the past demonstrates its impos- own would become organized like the rail-

sibility. Men cannot be driven into strange road employes, because "when they made a

camps against their will nor can they be contract the employer knew they would

made to abandon their own plans of or- keep it"

ganization at the simple say so of any When this Brotherhood started twenty-
one. The question is too big to be set- three years ago, train men received less
tied in a minute even though the promoters than $2.00 a day and yard men were no
of the new crusades make believe it is a better paid. We know that $50.00 a month
simple matter. It has not been the work for either was big money, few received it
of a day to improve working conditions and none expected more. In the eastern
and wages. It has been the work of cen- yards wages were particularly low and
turies and the interference of schemers road men were no better off.
with impractical ideas has set it back more The Brotherhood came into being ai|d
th^ once. started slowly but surely to better condl-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 637

tions. You know what you arc receiving, will be the same men, with no greater op-
you know the hours you work lor a day. portunity for initiative in the other organ-
You may not know that twenty years ago ization than they have had where they are.
there was no time limit to tihe day. A There is a disposition on the part of
trip was a day. The hours it took to make many to believe they are not needed in the
it did not count nor was overtime paid work of the organization. Every member
only in exceptional instances. is needed if this association is to be the

Working conditions now are better, success we want it to be. It is not an in-
wages are higher, the rights of the em- surance society, or a glad hand fraternal
ployes are protected against unfair prac- association only, but it is a combination of
tices of their employers. The social and protective, fraternal, insurance elements
moral influences of the Brotherhood show that can be made the greatest organization
in a ditterent class of men than we had of the kind the world has ever known, that
twenty-three years ago. Millions of dol- is what it now can be rightfully called, for
lars have been paid to the widow and the there is none other equal to it in point of
orphan that were not paid before the Broth- numbers and advantages secured but we
erhood lived and, yet, with the sum of want it made better and stronger,
these things before him, there is to be We cannot afford to go backward a
found the man who will say, "The Broth- single step. Let every member settle down
erhood has done nothing for me." to work himself. Do not wait for a Grand

There is a great difference between Lodge Officer or a deputy to do the work
promise and performance. The B. of R. of increasing the membership, but you do
T. has kept its promises. It has not gone it and with a solid membership in train and
into the labor movement with wild exda- yard service the results secured will be
mations against the order of things; it has ample compensation. It is your duty, will
not told men "we will do certain thmgs no you not see and do it
one else has dared to do,*' but it has gone It is to be hoped that every member of
to the men and said, "The Brotherhood of this organization will get out and work
Railroad Trainmen will do exactly what for it by asking every man who is eligible
you say shall be done." No set of officers for admission to come with us. He needs
has gone to the men and told them, "We the Brotherhood, we need him. He owes
will upset things and if you want to be in this organization everything he has as an
when it comes off, join us." employe and we want him with us as a

There has been no "bunc" in this busi- part of the living, moving force that is
ness. The men of the organization have necessary to the further progress of the
been the originators of what has been done employes of the train and yard service,
and their officers have advised, guarded If there are any who do not understand
and protected their interests and as a result any part of the Brotherhood they have but
there is no one absolute. The organization to ask and the information will be given
governs itself and decides its own policy, them. Our business is straight out in
But, it must not forget to stand to that pol- every particular. The record we have
icy. It is a matter of record that the made is not covered up. It is one of fair-
Brotherhood has done what has been done ness and progress and in keeping with the
for the men in train and yard service re- laws of the organization. It has not suited
gardless of all claims to the contrary. everybody else, but it suits us. Let our

It is easy for an organization, that has brothers all become missionaries for the
nothing to find fault with what another organization and let us stand together for
has accomplished and to attempt to build what we know is right, unheeding the
itself up on promises of doing greater "voice of reason," which usually is merely
things than have been done. When men a practiced appeal to prejudice and trick-
listen to such talk they forget that they ery.

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688 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The United States Entertains Japan.

It again has been "hands across the sea" were victims of a riot in San Francisco, that
with the hammers behind our backs, the exclusion law be wiped out and Jap
This time it was the entertwined flags of coolies admitted and a few other things
Japan and the United States, felicitous equivalent to this nation rolling over, play-
speeches and banzais till one would believe, ing dead, jumping through the hoop and
if one did not know better, the two were other games for the amusement of the Jap.
to be included among the spring weddings. While we are up against the fate of the
There are certain persons in the United busybody and, maybe, deserve all we get.
States who make themselves believe the still this is monotonous, and the sooner the
friction between Japan and this country is people at Washington tell the Japanese
not to be taken seriously, there are others government that "it can go to it*' just as
who join in the international hurrahs who soon as it wants to, the better. This coun-
know there is nothing to it but, for the try will learn some sense and the Japs will
sake of diplomatic appearances, they join in get hammered before the affair is over, and
the expressions of glee and wait for the both of us will feel better. But pending
big show later on. "peaceful" adjustment the decent people of

The Japanese, like aU Orientals, cannot <h" country ought to cry out of public fa-

understand what international courtesy ^or every American who dares to lift his

means. The United States has been the y^^^c in favor of indiscriminate Japanese

victim of its own folly and suffers the re- immigration.

suits of every other busybody who inter- The United States has entertained Gen-
feres in a family row. It did a great act cral Kuroki, quite properly too, as became
for humanity and a bad one for itself when a great representative of a great nation,
its President brought about a conference Every attention and courtesy were shown
and a peace settlement between Russia and him and nothing was left undone to demon-
Japan. Both sides were perfectly willing strate the national feeling of friendship for
to quit fighting for they had reached the Japan. So far as this was concerned there
end of their resources. After they made was no occasion for criticism. It was ex-
mutual concessions for peace they went actly as it should have been and, is the cus-
home and announced that what they gave tom between nations. It is merely spread-
up was surendered at the command of the ing the "salve" of diplomacy.
United States. Russia was once our friend. But, out of this exchange of intemation-
now she has little regard for us and with al courtesy there has come fresh demands
good reason. During the war this nation from certain sources for the unrestricted
forgot every tradition of friendship and immigration of the Japanese. The advan-
openly sympathized with Japan. When the tages, commercially, have been all retold
Japanese peace envoys went home and told and refurbished for the special benefit of
their story, popular indignation showed it- those of us who believe the Japanese is no
self by the Japs stoning Americans. In better now than he was before we enter-
both countries we lost in popular esteem. tained his distinguished representative. In

Now we are up against another aggra- addition the Japs have tried to make each
vating matter. There is a party of Jap jin- trifling matter an intematicmal question,
goes in this country co-operating with their No one has yet been bold enough to de-
party in Japan. This faction has been mak- fend the Japanese character. The fact that
ing itself obnoxious to the Government at outsiders are called in to manage his finao-
Washington and has been busy stirring up cial affairs is regarded as proof positive
sentiment against the United States in that he cannot trust himself. National eva*
Japan. It demands that the United States sion and Oriental cunning have character-
apok)gize, pay indemnity to Japanese who ized the diplomatic history of Japan and, to-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 639

day» the Japanese cannot understand why, tomer saw his goods in a box behind the
or how, this nation can welcome (without counter and said so. The Jap said, 'no, you
trembling) its general who defeated the cannot have them, yours are not done.' The
Russians. It is not within the mental grasp customer became angry and demanded his
of the Jap to understand that the United laundry and got it. He made the remark
States can be courteous to him through any to the Jap, 'You fellows will keep on 'till
reason other than fear. you want the earth.' The Jap replied, 'Yep,

During the Spanish-American war the everything pretty soon, even all United
Japanese naval officers became extremely States be conquered by Japan."' San Fran-
offensive to American naval officers, and cisco has been held up to the nation as the
after the Russian war they were decidedly hot bed of intolerance when Asiatic immi-
"cocky," so much so that American officers gration was mentioned but there are several
commented openly on their offensive bear- other places where the Jap laundryman
ing and predicted that the time would come <^^^^ "ot have made that statement and
when the two navies would have to fight. K^t away with it. But, this is merely told
Later on, and even now, the Japanese to show the ideas of the Japanese toward
have played a fast and loose game so far the United States and, say what they may,
as opening up trade in Manchuria is con- the diptemats know that there is a time
cemed. The attitude of the Japanese in coming when this national feeling will have
Hawau has been, for the most of the time, to be met in the usual way not approved by
positively insulting since the Japanese gov- peace conferences.

ernment showed its teeth toward the United But the representative of the Japanese
States following the shooting of the Japan- nation has been courteously received. On
ese seal poachers and the resignation of the the strength of it the labor crushers, mis-
Japanese naval cadet at Annapolis. In mat- taken philosophers and missionaries have
ters of trade and protection of patent rights, raised a joint chorus for the tmrestricted
Japan has been offensively indifferent, and admission of our good and great friend, the
every American manufacturer of exports Japanese coolie. The Japanese at home
has felt called upon to refer to it cannot understand that courtesy, not fear,

In the Philippines the Jap has kept com- prompted the welcome to General Kuroki
paratively quiet although it has been said and, therefore, are very much dissatisfied
on more than one occasion that he believes over the San Francisco situation. And,
the islands ought to be under the rule of there you are.

Jipan and he has done everything possible The school situation has been magnified
to encourage dissension among the natives and dignified beyond apparent necessity. Be-
and opposition to the United States. fore the event occurred the Bureau of La-

Coming down to the San Francisco bor felt justified in setting forth the evils
school controversy, which, as such, was of Japanese attendance at the public schools
magnified far beyond its due, the attitude of of Hawaii. The Bulletin of the Bureau
the Japanese has been offensive and insult- said of this matter :

ing. The mere fact of Japanese attendance "The Japanese have been careful, wher-
at school should not have been dignified as ever possible, to maintain Japanese schools
it was. It was simply an excuse to protest alongside of the public schools ; and in-
against Japanese insolence and to call at- deed it is an open question whether the re-
tention to the real situation as the people of suit in the schools will be the Americaniz-
the Pacific Coast saw it, and it should have ing of the Oriental or the orientalizing of
been so stated. the schools.

By way of illustration we recall one lit- "How far the swamping of the schools
tie incident which will show the feeling of with Orientals will be compatible with the
the Jap. The story was told by one of our maintenance of an American school system
delegates at Atlanta, Georgia, to this effect : and the exclusive use of the English lan-
"A man had forgotten his laundry check guage in the schools is a question that can
but asked for his laundry. The Jap laun- be answered only by experience. But there
dryman said it was not done but the cus- are some indications that the^^june process

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640 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

of displacement will occur in educational al conditions existed before the Japanese
institutions that has already been observed reached California and if they did not want
in wage earning and mercantile pursuits, to accept them, they did not have to. It
and that white pupils, at least, will be sent was never up to them to make new condi-
by their parents elsewhere than to the pub- tions objectionable to the Calif omians.
lie schools to receive instructions. The mo- We arc now advised by the friends of
tive for segregating pupils of such different the Asiatics that Congress can admit the
racial and lingual antecedents extends be- Chinese, Koreans and Japanese without
yond mere color prejudice. limit if it so desires. It is true that Con-

"The American pupil brought up among gress has that power but it better not exer-
children of all races and attending school cise it. In addition to all of the objections
in a district where the majority of his entertained against Asiatic workers of all
schoolmates are Japanese never acquires a kinds the economic ones are greater and
mastery of his own language and speaks affect a greater number of people directly,
'pigeon English* often with a foreign accent No one is disposed to enter into a com-
His progress in all studies has to be regu- petitive labor market filled to overflowing
lated by the progress of classes composed with the cheapest workers in the world,
in great part of young people whose knowl- We now have an arrangement whereby
edge of English is imperfect and where the Japanese cannot come to the United
purely linguistic training necessarily super- States from Hawaii or Canada, but is there
sedes instruction in the essentials of the any arrangement that prevents them coming
sciences or the subject taught." direct from Japan ? We think not. What

The Bureau, in short, believes that the we want is a direct law that will stop the
Oriental will displace the American in c^^»« workman from Asia and we do not
school just as his parents have displaced ^^^ ^'^"^ what country he comes. They all
the white man in occupation. ^^^^ *^>^€ to us.

It is true that since that time we have It is the earning capacity and the living
been treated to pictures of Japanese and standard that affect the people directly and
American children sitting together in front the low wages and comparatively low living
of the same school house, and attention is standards of Asia that will come into com-
called to the fact that here, Hawaii, the petition with better wages and standards of
school situation has been satisfactorily set- living will be fought to a finish,
tied. It seems peculiar that this satisfactory The wages prevailing in Japan are set
settlement should have followed so soon forth in the Review of Reviews for June,
after the San Francisco affair. thus:

It is also asserted that regiments of "The number of laborers in the leading in-
trained Japanese soldiers are in Hawaii* dustries in the empire is at present approxi-
that they drill outside the city limits of mately 400,000. In some individual fac-
Honolulu and to overcome it the Hawaiian tories we are told that as many as 3,000 to
legislature is trying to pass a bill depriving 6,000 persons are employed,
all persons of the right to have arms in "The largest number is employed in the
their possession. silk industry, amounting to 129,000 ; 113,000

It is admitted that in the event of war wtork in the cotton factories; 37.000 in
with Japan that Hawaii would be a source metal works, and 29,000 in machine shops,
of weakness and danger to the United The great contrast between the number of
States. Better the enemy at Washington factory and home workers, such as is found
than in Hawaii, yet in the face of in Europe, is not known in Japan. Here
certain danger we have a particular set frequently a number of small workshops are
that dares to demand the unrestricted ad- in the service of some large concern. In
mission of the Japanese to this country and Kioto, e. g., 4,000 small shipyards work for
all of its possessions. This Joxjrnal can- one firm."

not see any justice m the objections of the Female labor plays an important part in
Japanese of San Francisco to attend the Ihe industrial life of Japan, perhaps greater
schools provided for them. The education- than anywhere else. In Tokio and Osaka.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 641

factories may be found where from seven while track layers receive only 76 centimes,
to ten times as many women are employed ($wl4%)."

as men. Legal regulations of female or These rates, high for Japan, were reached
child labor in factories are virtually un- only during the last twenty years of indus-
known, and foreign visitors have testified trial expansion.

that altogether too severe bbor is de- "A carpenter in 1887 earned but $.114 per
manded there of women and children. A day, in 1903, $w285; a stone cutter in the
law was passed, indeed, in 1902, forbidding former year received $.14; in 1903, $.33%;
the employment of apprentices below eleven a cabinetmaker in the former year earned
years of age ; but this does not apply to the $.095 per day, in the latter, $.26 ; a tailor's
manufactories of cotton yarn or to mines, wages for one day in 1887 were $.085, in
in both of which boys of seven or eight years 1^03, $w22 ; the wages of cotton spinners and
are frequently employed. There is, also, a law weavers for the same period rose, for men,
limiting the working hours per day for from 8 cents to 17 cents, for women, from
young laborers and women to twelve, but 4 cents to 9.5 cents,
this permits of several exceptions and con- "Against this rise in wages, however, must
tains no regulations respecting night work, be placed, here as everjrwhere else, the in-
In the cotton-spinning factories the work- crease in the cost of the necessaries of life
ing-day consists of eleven hours at the low- and in taxes. The prices of rice and wood
est, while in many other factories women have increased more than one-half in the
and young persons are not seldom re- last fifteen years, while those of barley, salt,
quired to work from fifteen to seventeen sugar, tea, petroleum, and coal have almost
hours per day. equally increased.''

The wages for men in Japan seldom There is any amount of contradictory ar-
reach as high as 2 francs (38 cents) or over gument offered in defense of the Japanese,
per day; women, as a rule, do' not get as But there is the record of national enmity
much as 1 franc (19 cents) per day, while and insolence, disregard of business rights
children can earn only from 18 to 50 cen- and fairness, and belief of the Japanese that
times ($.015 to $w095). they will conquer this nation that dare not

"In the cotton factories at Osaka the be forgotten. The crowd of short-sighted
wages of the men range from 50 centimes labor employers, missionaries and false
to 1.5 francs ($w095 to $.285), of the women teachers, who back them up on one weak
from 35 centimes to 1 franc ($.07 to $.19), pretext or another, can never form a com-
of the children from 18 to 45 centimes. In bination that will make tmrestricted immi-
the paper mills the wages average respec- gration of the Asiatics a fact,
tively 1.35 francs, 50 and 35 centimes. In With all due respect for the opinions of
the engine works the wages are higher and the government, and others, who want the
frequently amotmt to from 1.75 to 3 francs Jap, public opinion will not be swayed in
per day. The locomotive engineers of the defense of any diplomatic or philosophic
state railways are the best paid, their wages demands for the admission of the Asiatic
amountmg to from 3 to 4 francs per day. immigrant. It is a question of right living
Brakemen, on the other hand, earn, as a with us and not of the welfare of some
rule, not more than 30 francs per month, other nations.

Enforcement Of The Safety Appliance Law.

It seems a rather inopportune time for objection to the enforcement of the Safety

the railroad companies to object to the en- Appliance Act and the work of the inspec-

forcement of the Safety Appliance Law, yet, tors, mider the direction of the Interstate

if the statements attributed to the managers Commerce Commission, is represented to

are to be taken as true there is considerable be an unwarranted interference with the

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642

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

equifMnent of several of the railroad com- •!«> chtrged thtt a irett mtny of tiie fines wWch
panics. ^^^ ^^^ impoted recently have been for viola-
T^. ' f^._ . . . . tioni which were purely violations of technical
Interference, unwarranted or unfair, provisions of the Uw, and which did not affect
would not be tolerated for a minute by the the safety of operation,
companies and it is certain that the Inter- Wc are slow to believe that this state-
state Commerce Commission would not per- nient exactly represents all of the railroads
mit its inspectors to impose on the rail- in the territory to which the story refers,
roads. They have been very careful to re- There are very many of the companies
main within their legal bounds. The chief earnestly attempting to conform to the law
objection seems to be in that the inspectors and they are insistent that all of the others
have not permitted violations to continue, do likewise. It is undoubtedly the senti-
We take the following from the St. Louis ^ent of a few of them expressed through
Chbe-Democrai, April 13th, IWl: the publicity department of the General
Chicago, III., AprU 12th. 1907.— Western raU- Manager's Association. It is not to be de-
road maffnates are preparing to complain to the „uj fi,,# *u^,^ „,^ ^ r ^m

IntersUte Connnerce Commission of the rigor with fZ' ^l^^^'' ^l\ * ^f T ««»P^'«» S^lll
which the safety appliance Uw is enforced. It is "«ntmg the law, although It has been four-
clauned by railroad operating officials that the teen years since it was enacted,
inspectors employed by the commission, aU of To refer to persecutions and prosecutions

whom are labor organization men, do not nse any --. *i,^ wrtt-L- ^S uiw.- ^ ^- -c-

intelligence or judgment in their work. The re- f .^ T r I ^^J]^ ^^*n«^*tlon inspec-
suit is, the railroad men claim, that thousands of ^^^^ ^ "'' fetched. The mspectors must bc
freight cars are reported constantly out of service, practical men, they must pass a Special ex-
and needlessly so. The railroads claim that they amination as to fitness and the law is be-

to throw any difficulties in the way of seeing that ""^erstood that ahnost cvcry capable rail-

the laws are observed. road man is a member of one or another of

It is claimed, however, that when the inspec- the railroad organizations the charge of or-

operatkm, and which might just as well be kft '""^

for repair when the car is not needed, Oiey arbi- I* is a great deal better for the enforce-

trarily compel the railroads to take such car out ment of the law to have men in positions of

iL'^^^^iS^Vfu"^'^ "^i"^ ** '"^P^^^*" ^^^ *^« '««oved from political
was unfortunate that such a commendable law as • « , j t. « . . -

that requiring safety devices should be enforced '"^"«*C« ^^ who know exactly what the
in a manner to cripple the shipper as well as the demands of practical application of the law
raUroads. The equipment of aU roads, it U mean than to have a corps of politicians

^TT**! ^ "P'^y ^°''^^,™^"« *^;^^ requirements who confine their work to looking up poli-

of the law, and the enforcement of purely tech- ^'^ ,„ . .^ . . ^. t. * . . *^ */

nkal provUions during a period when the Unes *'^* and dodging the results of bemg on the

are bending every energy and putting forth every Wfonff side of elections,
effort to put their equipment in strict complisnce As far as we know, and we fed &irly

wWi the essential provisions of the law, while well advised, there has not been a single
also endeavoring to eradicate a car shortaie, is x ^ l' • , - . ^iimm^

regarded as iU-timed. ^' *^* ^"^ ^V ^}^^ 0*'<i«/ O^ »" mspector. Hc

It is alao protested that the enforcement of the ^^S no authority to issue SUch an order,

law should not be placed in the hands or in the nor has the authority of a railroad to movc

control of the labor tmions. At a time when a car, regardless of its condition, been qucs-

there is any feeling between the unions, or any *:^„^j ^u^ -^^^ . . ./7^ \l

of them, and any particular railroad, it is cUimed . ^°- ^^^ railroad can do as it llkes, but

the temptsUon on the part of the inspectors is ^^ ^^^^ accept the responsibility. The fact

strong to bear down pretty hard upon the road that, except four cases in Judge Lewis' dis-

T^^^J^'^'j^^'^ offending against the broth- trict m Colorado, every suit filed has been

erhoods. The railroad men believe that they «-^ .u^„,« ♦u^* au m j j.. . .

have a legitimate objection to the strenuous msn- Z , railroads did violate

ner in which the safety appliance law is being ^"^ ^^* When it is fully understood that

enforced, and in the source from which the com- suits have been filed in lots, as we have

"^I^^JT^ its inspectors. been informed they have, as forty agamst
Statistics are being prepared to show the num- .t,^ f>^. j. . . ./^ . - *J •»*«wi
ber of cars which are continually out of use. ow- *"? ?^^ ^*'^"°» eighty-eight agahist the
ing to the alleged arbitrary rulings of the inspec* HHnois Central, fifty-two against the Set-
ters regarding the enforcement of the law. It is board Air Line, sixty against the Ddaware

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

643

and Hudson, eighty-five against the Mis-
souri Pacific and Iron Mountain, forty
against the Wabash and many others that
could be mentioned, the far fetched com-
plaint is better demonstrated and the cry
of ''technical violations" has little to it It
is supposed that the railroad companies
consider as technical violations, trains with
less than seventy-five per cent air, engines
without driving wheel brakes, broken un-
coupling chains coming direct from repair
yards, chained up equipment and other like
defects.

The reference to ignorant doings of in-
spectors is not called for and if the com-
panies go to the Commission for redress it
is to be hoped that a rigid investigation will
be given every phase of the complaint This
seems to be one time when the law is en-
forced by government employes who know
their business and who do not have to pay
attentk)n to which way election goes.

The statement that "thousands of cars are
out of service because of the interference
of the inspectors" is false. Every suit filed
has been for minor defects that could have
been repaired in a few minutes; the cars
were not ordered out of service. The com-
panies are economizing in the matter of car
repairs and have not enough men to prop-
erly perform the work. A few more fines
paid will bring them to a realization that
there is one law that was enacted to be ob-
served and they may as well settle down to
observe it without crying over the interfer-
ence of labor organizations that persecute
them.

In order that there may be no misunder-

standing as to the attitude of the Gmunis-
sion, or the Government, we quote from an
order issued to United States Attorneys, by
former Attorney-General Moody, December
dOth, 1904, as follows: ''The Government
is determined upon a strict enforcement of
these statutes, which were enacted for the
safety of the traveling public in general, as
well as for the protection of railway em-
ployes. Therefore, any case of violation
which is brought to your attention by the
Interstate G>mmerce Commission or its in-
spectors, or by other parties, must be
promptly and carefully investigated, and
suit for the statutory penalty be instituted
and earnestly pressed, if in your judgment
the facts justify that course.

"You are instructed accordingly; and
you are expected to be vigilant and active
in the matter."

Attorney-General Bonaparte, under date
of January 14th, 1907, issued an order to
United States Attorneys in which he said:
"It is the earnest desire of the Department
vigorously to enforce these laws, and you
are cautioned to exercise the greatest care
so as to accomplish this purpose."

As neither former Attorney-General
Moody nor Attorney-General Bonaparte are
members of any railroad labor organization
it will be up to the General Managers' Pub-
licity Bureau to take a fall out of them on
some other ground. The attacks against
the Commission are continuous and it is to
be supposed this latest one against the rail-
road organizations is merely to give variety
to the performance, but all of it is evidence
that the law amounts to something.

The Deadly Wrong Must Be Corrected.

It is a shame and a reproach to our
country that there is so much trafficking in
the blood of children. Industry demands
cheapness in its working forces and cheap-
ness demands child labor for the reason
that the child, usually, does not have to
support otheas than himself, so that he, or
she, can operate certain kinds of machinery

more cheaply than an adult who has others
dependent on his earnings, and industry,
therefore, demands the sacrifice of his life
that cheapness may be the basis of opera-
tion.

We feel that we are doing all we can to
secure legislation that will effectually do
away with the labor of children, but we

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644 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

have only commenced the campaign. We operated by little children of seven and up-
overlook one very important fact in our ward? The label on a finished product
legislative endeavors and that is if the makes the whole product clean, but is this
child who is part family bread winner is to the right way to secure the abolition of child
be deprived of his earning capacity we must labor? Why not go back to the raw ma-
devisc some means whereby his loss of terial stage and follow it through its sev-
eamings can be made good to the family to eral successive changes necessary to produc-
whose support he in part contributes. Every tion ? It might be said that it would be a
child at work is either wholly, or in part, long and devious way, but who will say
self supporting. The majority of them arc that it would not be the right way?
contributors to the family purse and family Mrs. Florence Kelley, one time State
living. Child competition has cheapened Factory Inspector for Illinois, and always
the labor of the adults in competitive occu- interested in corrective legislation for the
pations so that it takes the combined wages protection of women and children recently
of the family in certain employments to wrote for Collie/s as follows :
pay for a decent living. If law declares "From 1893 to 1897, as Chief Inspector
that the child cannot work under a certain of Factories of Illinois, I enforced the child-
spediied age, say sixteen, and the parents labor law with all the rigor of which its
are deprived of the earnings of the child then feeble provisions were capable. Vio-
prior to reaching that age, there must be lators were prosecuted as they had never
an increase in the earning capacity of the been prosecuted before in any state. Then
adult bread winner or the law will be brok- the office was given by Governor Tanner to
en by force of circumstances. There will a voter who had been twenty-seven years
be lack of food, clothes and other advan- ©n the payroll of the most persistent, de-
tages anticipated by the reform laws. Par- fiant violator of the child^labor law in the
cnts and children will lie about their ages state, the Illinois Glass Company at Alton—
and it is not untrue to say they now mis- to Mr. Louis Arrington. There were no
state when seeking employment. Cer- prosecutions during his term of office. So
tain parents want their children to work, much for my attempts at "systematic fac-
not so much because they need the money tory inspection."

but because they do not appreciate the ad- "As Secretary of the National Consum-
vantages of having the child educated and crs' League, it is my duty to 'exterminate
healthy. Their argument is that they went child slavery' to the extent of promoting
to work and so can their children. So, enforcement of child-labor laws, educating
they lie about their ages and put them to and organizing the conscience and intelli-
work. gence of the shopping public. •Members of

We are as much in earnest about the League prefer to buy goods not im-
the question of legislation and its cor- plicating the labor of children, and as to
rection of the great wrong as we the product of stitching-factories we can
are in earnest over reforms generally, exercise choice within the limits of the list
The entire matter could be settled of sixty who welcome our inspection. But
easily if the consumers of all products what of the material stitched? How can
were careful to see to it that what they we know whether a given bolt of shirt-
bought was made from start to finish under ing or sheeting is made in the Northern
fair conditions. mill of a New England corporation under

We take the finished product and let it the 6 p. m. closing law of Massachusetts,
settle the entire question of its productive with the help of children who are fifteen
fairness. We purchase garments, or any- years old, and able to read and write Eng-
thing else, that are sold with the assurance lish, or in the Southern mill of the same
they were made under fair working condi- corporation under the law of South Caro-
tions, but how many of us ever think to go lina with no closing hour, no factory in-
back of the final act of production to ascer- spection, no requirement that a working
tain if the material was made under fair child need even be able to write her own
conditions or whether it came from looms name?

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 645

"We cannot discriminate effectively on any case of the very valuable Pennsylvania law
large scale in favor of manufacturers who last year. Or, they may be repealed by
employ no children, until we can get ade- the legislature, as in the case of the New
quate, trustworthy information as to the Jersey law, in 1903, which had for eleven
sources of our supply. The latest United years forbidden the employment of chil-
States census figures on child labor were dren (except in glass-works, canneries, and
seven years old, obsolete, and utterly mis- fruit-preserving) after six o'clock on five
leading before they were made public in nights of the week, and after noon on Sat-
January, 1907. With the honorable ex- urday.

ception of New York and Massachusetts, .^The admirable Ohio law, which forbids
the reports of the State bureaus of la- ^^e employment of boys under sixteen and
bor statistics on child labor are a disgrace ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^j^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^1^ ^^^^^ 7 p ^
to the country. So incomplete, discontm- j„ ^^y g^j^^^j occupation, is now being
uous, often actually incoherent are they ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ -^^ constitutionality. With the
that we are filled with shame when foreign ^^^p,^ ^£ Pennsylvania before us, we
correspondents write asking for them. ^^^ ^^^ j^^^j^^^ j„ ^ sanguine view of its

"We can not by our own efforts supply ^^^^^^ ^i tej^g sustained by the courts of
ourselves with this needful information on Qhio
any comprehensive scale. Qub i¥omen

and members of Consumers' Leagues do "No women voted for the election of
not commonly live in cotton-mill villages *«>«« i"^8«s in Pennsylvania or Ohio, or
in the South, mining districts of Pennsyl- ^o*" ^hose legislators in New Jersey. We
vania, or glass working towns of southern "«»*^^r ^^^^ ^^^s nor are we permitted
New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, West ^^^ responsibility of enforcing them offi-
Virginia, and the southern counties of "^'^^^y- ^^ <lo "^t elect the gentlemen
Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, along the Ohio ^^° ^^^ ^^*^'"» ^^ ^^^^^ ^ho annul them.
River bank. Glass-manufacturing towns ^^^^^^ y«* ^^<^se who, as mspectors, so
are not always agreeable dwelling-places, commonly defeat the intent of the sUtutes
When they are, it often happens that ac- ^^ non-enforcement.

cess to the works is not obtainable. Thus, "For 'exterminating child labor' we do
at Alton (after I ceased to be chief in- what, under our disabilities of withheld
spector), the only woman who ever ac- power and witheld knowledge, we can do.
quired a comprehensive acquaintance with We keep the subject interminably up ! We
the interior of the glass-works was Dr. use to the uttermost the slow and weary
Cornelia De Bey, who scaled the stockade method of infinite persuasion. This we
in the dead of night, so alarming the night shall continue to do until the children of
watchman that he fled, giving no signal this nation are transferred from work-
to announce the forbidden presence of a place, to school, and the shame is re-
female visitor. This could hardly be done moved from us that we are the only great
'systematically.' nation with a half million illiterate native

"Yet without knowledge, official or un- children— we and Russia!
official, how can we enforce the laws by "Meanwhile, we make no boast that we
discrimination in favor of goods made un- can do in advance of its enactment what
der legal conditions, without children's la- we trust that Senator Beveridge's bill may
bor? make easier after its enactment; assure

."Year after year we get child-labor bills to the toiling children of the great child-
introduced — ^twenty-three legislatures have labor states — Alabama and Pennsylvania —
been considering child-labor laws in 1907. the same right to life, liberty, and the pur-
When our bills are enacted and take chil- suit of happiness which is now assured to
dren out of mills and mines, they are com- children of the same ages in Illinois, Ohio
monly annulled by the courts, as in the and Oregon."

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646 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Millions To Fight Labor Organization.

The National Association of Manufac- But take this same raving employer in
turers, keyed up to the point of frenzy at another business proposition and note the
their last meeting, decided to appoint a difference. He is all courtesy. The mar-
committee of thirty-six to raise a fund ket prices and market conditions are the
of a million and a half for the purpose of basis of his dealings up to the point where
fighting strikes. This money, be it un- the trusts come into the calculation and
derstood, is not a corruption fund, but it then he is the soul of submission. Re-
is to be used for the purpose of educating striction of output is another matter then;
the public to what the unions really are. the gentlemen's agreement among the big

This is a new idea if carried out, but fellows is an admirable thing for his guid-

unfortunately it will not be carried out ance, or he makes believe it is. He ac-

Not that the Journal charges the Associa- cepts it all as a matter of business and

tion with bad faith, but its notions of pub- stands for it

lie education by the use of printed matter The labor organization will welcome a
will never cost a million and a half and campaign of education regardless of who
if that amount is wasted, and wasted it will is back of it. If the Manufacturers' As-
be if spent for printing, for the replies that sociation does not tell the truth there sure-
can be made will set die public against the ly are enough labor organization publica-
Association to the extent that it will not tions in this country to make them tell it
again rush into print in a hurry to present Each trade has its own official publication
its side of the labor question. and each publication ought to be ready,

All associations of employers are very willing and anxious to meet every charge

much alike. Here and there is to be found against it

one employer who has advanced out of It is not to be inferred that the organi-

the rut far enough to see things differently zations are blameless or flawless, for we

and who dares say so, but it will be noticed know they are not. Organizations have

that he is not elected to office in his asso- made mistakes. There have been failures,

ciation. The majority of employers, when but these are not arguments against union-

they get together, feed on each others' bit- ism any more than a charge of failure, or

terness against labor organizations until dishonesty, against an insurance corpora-

they are ready to declare for anything tion, a bank or a business of any kind

that can be used against them. could be called an argument against all

One great trouble with the average em- business. About three-fourths of the in-

ployer is that he is not willing to consider surance ventures in this country have gone

the employment of labor as he does any down, yet insurance is not a failure. The

other business proposition. Because an United States Steel Company stands

employe dares to fix his wages and per- charged with the wrecks and loss of life

haps his production, the employer raves and limb because it has not delivered a

and calls names, and demands protection good product to the railroads, but it is

against "the rapacity of labor unions that not threatened with a campaign of educa-

are arbitrary and propose to take his busi- tion on the part of the Manufacturers' As-

ness management away from him." He sociation.

dwells heavily on the demand of the union The fact is that when trade unions and

for the same pay for the good and the labor organizations of all kinds are com-

poor workman; he asserts that the union pared with business concerns it will be

interferes with the output; that the lead- found that their affairs are as honestly

ers are agitators whose jobs depend on and capably managed as the other business

the amount of trouble they can make, and concerns and, much more cheaply,

other like assertions that will not be proved The entire stock argument against the

on investigation. imions is therefore summed up in the

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 647

truth that they will fight for what they on meeting their own employes and then
feel is theirs by right They have incurred when they did frequently discharged the
the enmity of certain of their employers committeemen for daring to come to them
who have declared so often against the ar- and they thus intimidated the rest. The
bitrary position of the organizations, their representative who does not depend on the
absolute tyranny, their subjection to the employer for his wages does not fear per-
walking delegate and their irresponsibility sonal results and he is much more effec-
that the most of them believe it. So they tive than one could be who felt that he
feel they ought to fight the union blindly, would be singled out for dismissal. The
and on the blunderbuss plan, rather than "walking delegate" has been misrepresent-
try to get together with the men and work ed. He does organize and endeavor to
out a plan of common purpose and common spread the influence of his organization,
advantage. both perfectly legitimate efforts. What

The charge is made that union leaders «lse he does he docs because hb men have
are tyrannical. The truth is that the ma- decided they want him to do it
jority of unions are very democratic. The So far as strikes go labor organizations
men are the controlling power back of want none of them, but they do engage in
their representatives. Every power is them because it is their only way of fore-
vested in the membership and it is back ing a settlement regulating their wages and
of every action taken. There are times working conditions when the employer will
when the employe may say that he has not meet them. This does not mean that
been ordered to strike, but he ought to every strike is the result of uncompromis-
qualify his statement by adding that the ing demand made by the men. They usu-
power to order was conferred by a vote ally are ready to compromise, but when
of his organization. Employes do not al- the employer refuses there is nothing left
ways tell their employers when they vote for the men but to strike or give in.
to strike. The instances are rare, how- A strike by no means is the off hand
ever, where the representative dares to proposition it is so often represented to be.
call the men out unless the men have given The new unions sometimes make the mis-
him the power to do so by a majority take of rushing a question, but they do
vote. In every union the minority is gov- not fall into the habit A strike is a very
verned by a well balanced majority. serious matter, carefully considered from

The employer sometimes refers to this every point of view and only undertaken
minority as having lost its independence with the approval of the general organi-
and as being held by the autocratic will of zation. The notion that labor organiza-
the majority. The loss of independence tions like to strike for the fun of it has
is exactly in the same ratio that each citi- lost ground in late years. The public
zen of this nation loses his independence knows there is nothing to it
when he subscribes to its form of govern- The man who is out of work is in the
ment If he did not accept equal rights same position as the man out on strike,
and privileges he would have fewer than He knows what it means to suffer and to
he has and every intelligent person knows see his family suffer. It is foolish to say
it. that men welcome suffering.

The agitators in labor organizations are It is also charged that unions lower
seldom to be found among the officers, efficiency, interfere with personal rights.
There was a time when the hot head and restrict output, restrict apprenticeship, in-
blatant orator found a place in the front, terfere with the right of the employer to
but not now. The representative is usu- employ whom he will and to pay what
ally the most conservative man of the en- wages he will. On the surface these state-
tire number and he is selected because the ments may appear to have some truth and
men feel he will not rush them into un- fairness, but when we get to the under<y-
necessary trouble. ing causes for the statements we can read-

The labor representative became neces- ily understand the injustice of the entire
sary because so many employers insisted indictment There are cases of labor or-

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648 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ganization unfairness but at that it usu- errors to be charged to the employers. The

ally is a matter of self defense with them, labor organizations would welcome a cam-

and if they did not insist on what is re- paign of fair publicity and they will meet

garded as unfair the employer would prac- anything the Manufacturers can oflfer the

tice greater unfairness on his employes. public. The general trend of sentiment is

The interference by labor unions with not so much with the employers as it once

the personal right of the employe is a ques- was and a labor "Assassination Society"

tion that has been greatly exaggerated, will not get far with its work without

The man outside of the union has no per- challenge.

sonal rights the employer pretends to re- The public press has sounded a note of

spect. In the organization he is bound warning against the proposed war against

by the will of the majority and he loses the unions. The New York Sun alone

his personal freedom just as all of us lose approves, and this ought to give a black

our personal freedom when we agree to eye to the movement, for whatever of this

be governed by one set of laws. We all character the Sun approves can be accepted

appreciate the needs of a common govern- as entirely wrong in principle and practice,

ment and consider we have strengthered Xhc Wall Street Journal declared for

our degree of personal liberty by agreeing co-operation between the employer and the

to share the same government We sur- employe. It said:

render the liberty we receive in both gov- "Organized labor is here to stay, just ps

emment and labor organization, that is, organized capital is. Both are proper with-

we have no more nor no less than all of jn certain limitations. The abuse of organ,

the others. ization is as mad on the part of labor as

The employers assert that wages are it is on the part of capital. Boycotts are

made equal by the union for the good and as wrong as rebates or any other method

poor workman. This is not so. There is of unfair competition. The thing to do is

a minimtun wage fixed for the employes, for organized capital and organized labor

but there is no rule to hinder the employer to get together on a program of concilia-

from rewarding the better workman with tion, and not to make war upon each

higher pay if he wants to do so. If the other."

man is not worth the minimum wage lie T-he Washington Times agreed and re-
need not be employed. If he is worth f erred to the war the railway managers
more the employer can easily pay him made on the railway organizations thirty
more. The minimum wage rate was fixed years ago. It said:

to protect the better class workman and "The railroad managers solved the prob-

not altogether for the protection of the lem of their relations with the unions by

inferior workman. It is a rule that tries recognizing them, dealing with them as

to keep the inferior workman from enter- organizations, making them responsible, en-

ing competition at hal^ wages that finally couraging them to place their strongest,

would mean the standard w^ge unless ablest, most skilful men in charge of their

there was the minimum wage rate to pro- business. Today there is no complaint by

tect the superior workman. the railroads against labor organization.

Against these facts the employers offer Strikes are almost unknown, the men are

the mistakes of the organizations and in satisfied, and the corporations feel a se-

truth, certain injustices. But they do not curity that was unknown to them until they

make specific mention of special causes for had recognized their employes as intelli-

complaint They take one special instance gent, well-intentioned people, who enjoyed

and from it base their judgment on the the same right to organize that the gov-

entire field of operation, which is unfair emment has conferred upon corporations,

and they know it. Organizations have "The assumption that the right and priv-

made mistakes, so have their employers, ilege of organization and co-operation are

Both will make more and if this proposed to be reserved for the benefit of a small

program of the Manufacturers' Associa- minority of the community, while they are

tion is carried out there will be still greater to be denied to the majori^^ will never

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 649

prevail in this country. It might obtain in it If it is a campaign of abttse, we will

Russia for a while, but not even there meet it The New York Globe fairly well

permanently." represents the conservative idea that looks

The New York Times holds that it h a ^or some possible improvement. In part

starting a war of the classes, disastrous to it said:

everybody. It hoots at the pretended cam- "In concrete cases the black-list, the boy-

paign of education and said : co^t, the limitation of apprentices, the open

"How can the Manufacturers' Associa- ^^°P' "^^^ °^" ""^^^ ^^ ««"^"» ^^°"«s-
tion, by the use of its funds, hope to in- ^" ^^^** ^^^^^ *^ associations of manufac-
form the public about union methods bet- ^"^^^^ ^^« ^^^^^^^^ to publish and denounce
ter than they are kept informed by the *^^"^- ^" ^^^^ ^^^^ these practices may
newspaper press? There is no necessity *>« ^^^^^^^^ defensible and desirable-view-
to raise or to spend a million and a half ^^ ^^^"^ * standpoint of broad social good,
dollars, or even one dollar, for 'a cam- ^he courts have taught us discrimmation.
paign of education' upon labor-union meth- ^\ ^^^ ^^ condemned strikes utterly-
Q^g strikes were not lawful in England imtil

«<^u T? J ^. t r t. TT • X 1^« Then they gradually legalized them.

"The Federation of Labor Umons nat- * j •*!. u *.. *t. • u

„ ^ T- . • # T- . And so with boycotts — the passive boycott

urally suggests a Federation of Employ- , . ..u *• u **

rr ^\ ,. . , . and even in some cases the active boycott,

ers If that pdjcy were earned out there j^ «Ph'Jd where social progress has

would be no ht le danger that die ana ogy ^^^^ ^ ^^ ^^^^^ it. . . . In such

of the VICIOUS sympathy stnke might be • ^ j ^' u -^ i
- „ • T. u /t. . . \ cases a campaign of education by capital-
followed. It would not be consistent, nor . . . • u n

, . ., , .. f . _. . xt. J *sts or unions, or whosoever really appre-

would It be sensible, to resort to methods . .^ ., -^ ^ * ^u »♦

. , , , ' . , , , ciates the situation, is praiseworthy. *

that have been so unsparingly condemned «,. . , ^ , . f • i-*..i

, , ^, . J . . X This Journal is perhaps going a little

by employers. There are bad unions lust . ^ ., ^Z i. •/ • l^ i. u j

. . . .. ^ , J out of the course that it might hold and

as there are bad corporations, and the good .. * ^i. x • / r .t_

.. ,.1 rr r 'i_ • f J avoid ccusure from the friends of the em-
must inevitably suffer from the wickedness , n ,. xu- • it ^' t.-i

*t...i^ .. ii^j ployers. But this is a labor question, while

of the bad. The mere raising of a fund . •. . . • * *i. -d \i- u j

.„ , , . . .. f ^ .. not directed against the Brotherhoods, or

will not put a stop to the abuses of the ., ., . ^. • ^i. ^ • j

, _ ^^ / ., .... the railway organizations m the train, yard

boycott, the causeless strike, and the vio- , . •* ir * « r im

, * , ... and engine service, it anects all of us alike,

lence of entertainment committees, nor »* • *u *.• r • • i j

•11 •. i_ 1 .1. ._. X ^L . It *s the question of pnnciple and organiza-

will It check the spirt of unreason that .. ^4. 4.* « au * ^ I t. "j j

\ , . ... tion protection that must be considered,

possesses so many labor agitators. We ^^ u * ir ^* ^ x *t. • ^.i. *. •

; , . I. , .1 * for what affects one of the unions that is

know of no better cure for these ev.ls than ^^. ^.^^ ^^^^^^^ ^„ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ .^ ^^

public opinion, the sense of fa.rr.ess a.,d j^^,; ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ,^^ ^^^^

,ust.ce. that pervades average hunwn.ty. ^.^^^^^^^^ „^, j, th^re disposition to

Its work.ng .s often d.scourag.ngly slo*. j^^, ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^,j ^,^^j ^^^^ ^^^ ^^.

but It is sure to be reasonably effective. *.^ «.. u -^' u* i. t. j* *i

•^ troversy because we might not be directly

Some of the press believe the relations concerned as an organization. It is a fight

between the two parties are susceptible of against labor organization and we believe

improvement. We agree with them and if in the main that the organizations subject

the educational campaign will only tell to attack are properly managed and we,

the truth from both sides, we will welcome therefore, regard their fight as our fight.

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650 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The Living Problem Of The New Comen

There is an old saying to the effect that of wage competition, coupled with the ab-
''one half of the world does not know how solute necessity for assimilation, is the basis
the other half lives" to which might be of all of our immigration evils and unless
added, if it did it would be scared to death we exercise determined effort to make the
at the risks it takes from the other half, new comers live as human beings ought
If the possible dangers of infection, con- to live, the entire American people will pay
tagion and death could' be understood it the penalty for neglect to enforce proper
would be better for the health, wealth and living conditions,
morals of the world. We have no particular objection to the

There is so little known of how the immigrant because he is an immigrant, but
"other half lives that investigation would we do object to the kind of an immigrant
surely bring remedy. No one cares to in- he is. We want him to live like a human
vite contagion, infection and death, yet in being and not like an animal. Truth to tell
the housing problem of every large city all there are few animals that would, or could,
of these dangers are overlooked with the live as some of these new comers are satis-
result that periodical outbreaks of disease fied to live.

are common and unpreventable so long as Like many other great questions with us,
conditions are allowed to go unchecked. the one of proper living has become too

Every city has its poor quarters in which much mixed up in politics. Municipal pol-
sanitary conditions are unknown. The dan- iticians do not care to enforce seemingly
gerous practices to health that make the harsh measures for fear of offending the
old world cities centers of disease are car- foreign vote, and in addition thereto many
ried on here regardless of sanitary, building of the aforesaid office holders might be
code and inspection laws. caught in the drag net of municipal reform.

It is the common practice for foreigners Another matter that ought to be the sub-
to crowd together in a quarter selected by ject of careful investigation is the manu-
themselves and from which they keep all facture of every product that is offered
others. It is a dangerous practice, that of for consumption. In the underground bak-
establishing centers of population to which eries and other shops preparing foods for
persons of one particular nation are con- sale there Is too much carelessness and lack
fined, for there is no opportunity for them of sanitary precaution. Too much care can-
to get away from the unhealthy practices not be given to the preparation of what we
common to them in the land of their birth eat and yet how little do we know of most
and it is a fact that the poorer people of the of it. The cheaper it is the worse it is,
old world are notoriously dirty and subject which may be natural but it is decidedly
to diseases. unhealthy.

The immigration question is not one of When candy makers, living a dozen in a
numbers alone. If it were it would not room, have to chase the kittens out of the
necessarily be a serious problem. It is one kettle before they can get to work it is
of assimilation, of teaching the lower classes time to put them out of business. When
the necessity for a better standard of living the banana peddler takes the fruit to bed
which is impossible as long as the new with him to make it ripen quickly it is
comers are herded together without oppor- time that he is put on the stone pile. When
tunity to know of the better standards, the mill and factory workers use their beds
When people can live on a crust, or the in relays, that is, occupy the bed by turns,
refuse of the garbage can, are content to night and day, it is time for the authorities
sleep In vermin infested huts and work un- to shut off the practice, and when foreign
limited hours per day for low wages, they workers eat, sleep and die in the same room
are dangerous to our wage standards and it is time that common decency and regard for
all that go with them. This great questkm the American workman and his standard of

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL. 651

living come to the rescue and spread those proper living conditions were enforced they

people out over more space. would not be needed. But we permit these

It is not the American workman who en- standards, lax morals and a poor system

courages these practices, but it is the Amer- o^ !"« generally, and in company with them

ican employer. What is the rAult? Today *« have free medicmes, free dentists, free

there are ciUes, where this low" class popu- f*^ and free everything to keep body and

lation abounds, that have to feed the child- so"l ^gether and in keeping with it all we

ren before they can go to school; free medi- have cheap wages and living for the man

cines are provided; free dentists and ocu- who wants something better,

lists look after teeth and eyes and free dis- , ^et us put these things where they be-

pensaries must be maintained by the muni- '«"?• Dyna«»te the hovel and bu.ld the

. ,.^ u •* * t tx. ^ ^A sanitary home. It will cost more rent but

cipahty or charity to care for them and , r„ . ^ , ,

their parents. They cannot make enough to ♦]',V *'» "«* f » '^f"" . r"" *''^"-

care for themselves and if they could they All th.ngs will break evenly so far as rents

, , ^ .... .. and wages go and better health, morals, hv-

would not spend their money, as it appears . j u • i j-** n

f ffi ^ r 111 *"^ ^^ physical conditions will come to

' ^' everybody through assimilation that will as-

The writer would not have these free in- similate. If the new comers will not live
stitutions withheld because they are neces- decently and close to American standards,
sary, but if proper wages were paid and then let us make them.

Evidence Given To Coroners' Juries Not To Be
Used In Court Cases In Canada.

The Canadian Government has com- answering any question, upon the ground

menced the criminal prosecution of railway that the answer to such question may tend

employes who are responsible for wrecks, to criminate him, or may tend to establish

and particular energy has been directed his liability to a civil proceeding at the

against employes responsible for wrecks instance of the Crown, or of any other per-

that resulted in the loss of life and limb. son."

In testifying before the coroner's jury, (2) "If, with respect to any question, a

the railway employe has, heretofore, done witness objects to answer on the ground

so at the risk of having his own testimony that his answer may tend to criminate him,

used against him when the case came to or may tend to establish his liability to a

trial. civil proceeding at the instance of the

It should be understood by all of our Crown, or of any person, and if but for this

Canadian members, that if at the time of act or the act of any Provincial Legislature,

giving testimony to the coroner's jury, the witness would, therefore, have been

they ask the protection of the court, so that excused from answering such question,

in case there is a trial later, they cannot then, although the witness is by reason oi

have the evidence used against them, there this act, or by reason of such Provincial

will not be like incriminating testimony that act, compelled to answer, the answer so

has been used against other employes in given shall not be used or receivable in

cases that have already been tried. evidence against him in any criminal trial.

Section 5, of what is known as the or other criminal proceedings against him,
"criminal code" has been amended, so that thereafter taking place, other than a prose-

the witness before the coroner's jury is cution for perjury in the giving of such evi-

protected during trial if his evidence has dence."

incriminated him. The section as amended Under the section, therefore, the evidence

reads as follows: given by a railway employe at the inquest

(1) "No witness shall be excused from of a victim of a railway disaster, will not

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652 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

be used against him at the trial if criminal very careful to note that his objection to

proceedings are afterward taken against giving evidence clearly appears on the

him if he states at the coroner's inquest that record of the proceedings at the inquest, as

he objects to giving evidence on the ground it might be necessary afterward to show

that it will tend to render him liable to a that this protection had been asked for.

criminal prosecution. While he would still r\ r* j- l •« .

. 11 J ^ ^u .• Our Canadian members will please note

be compelled to answer these questions ^. , j ^u • • i.. j . r«,

«j «• u- J *!.• -J s. t"« *2iw» ^"^ their rights under it. The

and give his evidence, this evidence cannot ^ ^ i i • . j

, . •.!.•. • . , Government very clearly mtends to prose-

be used against him m any cnmmal pro- * i 11. .1

J. £^ J ^ J . cute railway employes who are responsible

ceedmgs afterward preferred. * r .1. j ^u u •. , ,

T, -11 ^u r u ^ J ^«- . xi- *or the death of railway employes and pes-
It will, therefore, be noted that the em- 1. r 1 .

. 11 J ^ • vj sengers as a result of railway wrecks,

ployes are compelled to give evidence

against themselves when testifying before This protection thrown about the em-
a coroner's jury, but they can protect them- ployes who are compelled to give their evi-
selves against that evidence by saying be- dence at a corner's inquest will be of con-
fore the coroner's jury that they are asking siderable value to those employes who may
the protection of the court in so giving it. be tried for the deaths in question. It ap-
This means, if they are then directed to pears that previous decisions by the courts
give their evidence, it cannot be used w;ere made on the evidence given at a
against them. If they do so without claim- coroner's inquest, which, if the protection
ing the protection of the court, then the evi- of the court had been asked, would not
dence so given can afterward be used have been brought against the employe as
against them. Therefore, a witness giving direct evidence at the time the case was
evidence at a coroners' inquest should be brought to trial.

Railroads Ought To Be Held For Accidents.

The railway passenger has a legal right life on a coming decision from the United
to recover for injuries received while rid- States Supreme Court,
ing or being on, in or about the property of If the decision is favorable the law will
a transportation company. An employe of serve to prevent certain inferior court rul-
that same company cannot recover for in- ings based on employers' insurance con-
juries received at the same time from the tracts from being repeated,
same cause and in a like manner, for the The President of the United Sutes re-
sole reason that he is an employe, has as- cently said in a public address: "U it is
sumed certain risks incident to his occupa- proper for the Federal Courts to issue in-
tion, and therefore, can be killed off or in- Junctions in behalf of railroads, it is proper
jured and not receive a cent from the em- ^^at railroads should be held to a strict
ployer who was responsible for his injuries, ^'ability for accidents occurring to their
This applies to all but very few states, emptoyes. There should be the plainest
There are exceptions, but even when the ^"^ ^^^^ unequivocal additional statement,
right of the employe to recover is allowed, ^X enactment of Congress, to the effect that
he is not recompensed in the same propor- '•^'^^^^^ employes are entitled to receive
tion as the passenger. damages for any accident that comes to

them as an incident of the performance of

The LiabiHty Law purposes to assist the their duties, and the law should be such

employe to recover to the extent of the that it will be impossible for the railroads

responsibility of his employer as compared successfully to fight it without thereby for-

with his own and when his own neg- feiting all right to the protection of the

ligence is not greater than that of his cm- Federal Government under any circum-

ployer. This law is now waiting for its stances."

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Will Jesse Mankm please send his address to
F. W. Ives, Emporia, Kas., SecreUry No. 68.

• • •

Wartkd. — The address of H. Sloniker; last

heard of on the Soo road. Notify Financier Lodge

No. 17«.

« • •

Wahtkd. — Tb know the address of A. C
Avery, a member of Lodge No. 40. Address L.

F. Avery, Sidney, N. Y.

• « •

Amyorb knowing the whereabouts of John Mc-
Kay please have him write to G. H. T., 618 West

ITth street, Cheyenne, Wyo.

• • •

Wantbd. — ^To know the whsreabouts of Frank
Sherdan. Address his sister, Mrs. L. Irish, No.

618 Washington street, Joliet, IIU

« • •

Waktid.— To know the whereabouts of W. P.
Lawson, formerly a member of No. 188. Last
heard from at Winnemucca, Nev. Address, Sec-
retary No. 188.

• • •

Waktid.— To know the whereabouts of E. T.
Glenn. Last heard from at Corpus Christi, Tex.
Address, J. B. Taylor, No. 208 Bowie street,

Marshall, Tex.

• • •

WARno.— To know the address of D. Cull.
Last heard of twelve years ago. Was formerly a
conductor, running into Tacoma, Wash. Address,

P. E. Cull, Portage City, Wis.

• • •

Wamtxd. — ^To know the whereabouts of Brother
N. L. Smith, a member of Lodge No. 261, who
left home three months ago. Address T. J. Shack-
leiter. No. 1829 Nordyke avenue., Indianapolis,

Ind.

• • •

DiSAPPBABSi>.-^J. F. Driscoll deserted his wife
and family August, 1906. Any information con-
cerning him will be very much appreciated by
Mrs. Libbie Driscoll, No. 685 15th street, Mil-
waukee, Wis.

• • •

Wartbd. — ^To know the whereabouts of H. K.
Williams, operator and trainman, formerly of
Kidder, Mo. Have important mail for him. Ad-
dress, L. O. Williams, No. 1105 Chapman street,

Houston, Tex.

• • •

Wartsd. — ^To know the whereabouts of O. A.
Callahan, of Lodge No. 760. Last heard from at
Chicago in September, 1906. His mother is very
anxious to hear from him. Address, Mrs. S. E.
Keegan, Box 886, Jersey Shore, Pa.

Disappbaibo.— >J. H. Minor left home at Weeds-
port, N. Y., in April of this year, and has not
been heard from since. His wife is very anxious
to locate him. He was a former member of Lodge
No. 800. Address Mrs. J. H. Minor, Weedsport,

N. Y.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the address of J. J. Brown.
Last heard from at Pasco, Wash., braking on the
N. P. R. R. His wife is seriously ill at the home
of her parents, and there is little hope for her
recovery. Address G. H. Canston, M. D., Box
107, Dietz, Wyo.

• • •

Disappbakbd. — J. R. Barkley, a member of
Lodge Nor 821, has been missing for about
eighteen months. Last heard from at Sterling,
Col. His wife is very anxious to hear from him,
and any information can be sent to her at No.
68 Frankstown avenue, Pittsburg, Pa., East End.

McCoMB, Miss. — Each member, on joining,
promises to give his brethren his moral support.
I am of the opinion that this promise is very
often forgotten, so that it becomes a "dead let-
ter." I think it the duty of each of us to give
our moral support to all of our brethren. If the
Brotherhood does not bring us together, I cannot
understand what wilL

J. W. Wallacb,
Lodge No. 264.

• • •

Pbovidercb, R. I. — Lodge No. 390 has excellent
prospects for this year and is getting along splen-
didly, initiating candidates at almost every meet-
ing. Lodge No. 890 will meet the first Sunday
at 10:80 a. m. and the third Thursday at 7:80 p.
m. At the close of the initiation ceremony li^t
refreshments will be served by the committee and
all brothers who can be with us are invited to be
present. F. E. Wabb,

Lodge No. 890.

• • «

Alleghbht, Pa. — ^Lodge No. 466 is getting
members right along, and the division on which
it is located is almost solid B. R. T. There are a
very few who are yet outside the Order, but they
will come along in due time. We have a good
set of officers, and fairljr good attendance at our
meetings.

If all of our members would assist us it would
be a great deal better, but, taken altogether, we
feel that we are very well off.

J. C. Abmstbong. .

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654

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Hamilton Carraitt Acain. — We are pleased
to welcome to our pages the advertisement of our
old friend, Hamilton Carhartt, who is a pioneer in
the manufacture of Union Made Clothing and in
the advertising of same. He has placed his fac-
tory upon the eight-hour basis at a considerable
loss and sacrifice, but he is always in the vanguard
in sharing his great prosperity with his employes,
and hence maintains strictly the motto of his con-
cern, "A Profit Sharing Corporation." His two-
page advertisement will be found in our adver-
tising pages.

• « • •

TRAINMEN'S DAY.

Thursday, July 18th, Lodges No. 106 and No.
225 will hold a picnic at Coney Island, Pittsburg,
Pa. There will be a number of athletic events,
and the entertainment, generally, offers the oppor-
tunity to spend a pleasant day with the members
ot these two lodges.

The first boat leaves Market and Water streets,
Pittsburg, at 9:80 a. m. Boats will leave every
hour thereafter during the day.

Everybody is invited, and a general good time
is assured.

« « •

DiSAPPEAiBD. — Following is the description of
Brother J. P. Kreisher of Lodge No. 54, lost in
Chicago since Friday evening, May 81st: Was
48 years of age, 6 feet tall, weighs 245 pounds,
light hair, sandy mustache, blue eyes, scar on
right side of nose. When last seen had on brown
small striped suit of clothes with a T tear in right
leg trousers. Had on a black soft hat and carried
a small telescope grip. Please notify all lodges in
Chicago and western country, as it is thought he
might be demented on account of accident re-
ceived some time ago, and is wandering about.
Yours in B. h,,

W. A. Beady.

• • «

To discuss the important and far-retching ques-
tion, "How may women's unions best be strength-
ened," the National Women's Trade Union
League has issued a call for large meetings to
be held simultaneously in New York, Boston and
Chicago on the afternoon of Sunday, July 14th.
Each state league has charge of the invitations in
its own and the adjoining states.

The Illinois delegates will meet at Hull House.
Invitations have been sent out to women's trades
unions throughout Illinois, and in such iftiportant
industrial centers as Cleveland, Toledo, Columbus,
St. Louis, Indianapolis, Logansport, Detroit, Mil-
waukee, St. Paul and Minneapolis.

AucB Hbniy.

• • •

Whbsling, W. Va. — Lodge No. 110 is growing
very fast and all of the timber in the city, except
six, are now with us and they are under way.

We have a good lot of members who are found
at their post when meeting night comes round.
We have a little side issue here that ought to
bring all of our members to each meeting. It is
the most laughable side degree I ever saw, and is
known as the Ancient Order Adhesive MogulHans.

The ritual has about forty-five pages of good
clean sport and one application of it is a sure
cure for the "blues." There may be some on
whom this degree would have no effect, but they
must certainly be "dead."

Any information concerning this degree will be
furnished by George St. Myers, Financier Lodge
No. 110.

• • •

Business Subscribers Received For
June

Under this bead the Journal wtli print once
the name, business and business address of each
business firm, or, of each person in business (or
himself, or, representing a business firm as its
agent who subscribes for one year. The idea it
to Inform our readers who among their businessmen
have subscribed and to recommend to them the
fairness of givioff their patronage to those who have
patronized the journal.

ONTARIO.

Received from T. J. Curran, Lodge No. 255:

\ TORONTO JCT., ONT.

H. W. West. Cartage Agency, Dundas, W.

H. N. Morrison, Tailor, Dundas, W.

W. A. Miner, Barber, Dundas, W.
TORONTO.

J. J. Doyle, British Hotel, corner King and
Simcoe.

Received from F. E. Ware, Lodge No. 890:
NEW YORK CITY.

S. Pontello, Hair Cutter, 762 3rd avenue.
PROVIDENCE, R. L

Dr. Pett, 147 Chestnut.

F. A. Simmons, Watch Repairer, 89 Dorrance.

E. T. Arnold, Watch Repairer, 87 Dorrance.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Received from E. E. Miller, Lodge No. 42:
HARRISBURG.

Al trick & Metzger, Bakers, 217 Broad.

M. G. Cocklin, Pianos and Stationery, 1204 N.
Srd.

Harrisburg Burial Case Co., 10th, below Market.

A. L. Cooper, Cigars and Pool, 18th and Derry.

Geo. Collins, Cigars and Pool, 1323 Market.

J. E. Gipple, Real Estate and Fire Insurance,
13th and Walnut.

Dr. G. W. Hartman, 1207 N. 3rd.

Gordon Mfg. Co., Rubber Collars and Cuffs,
Walnut and P. R. R.

Jos. Fornwald, Carpets and Oil Cloth, 1405 N.
6th.

YORK.

Lehmayer & Bro., Clothiers and Furnishings,
9-11 E. Market.

Weaver Organ & Piano Co.

WEST FAIRVIEW.

M. S. Foreman, Proprietor West Fairview Inn.

F. J. Shaull, Furniture and House Furnishings.

NEW CUMBERLAND.
Buttorff & Kline, Furniture and Carpets.
NEW YORK.
BUFFALO.
Received from A. A. Van Houten, Lodge No.
187:

Leo Tabor, Merchant Tailor, 479 Main.
Denison & Heinke, Restaurant and Buffet, 475
Main.

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RAlLkOAD TRAINMEX'S JOURNAL

e&5

The Buffalo Natural Gas Co., Rooms 7-8, Coal
and Iron Exchange.

John W. Ashley, The Bank, Wholesale Liquor
Store, Coal and Iron Exchange.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Received from C. Mahoney, Lodge No. 687:

F. J. EausUce, Plumber, 810 Belmont ave., W.

The Frank Bums Cake & Biscuit Co., 118-120
N. 22nd street

ATLANTA, GA.

Received from R. E. Bransford, Lodge No. 802:

J. Cohen, Cafe. 16 W. Mitchell street.

The Columbia Book Co., 81-83 Whitehall.

H. M. Patterson, Funeral Director, 96 N. For-
syth.

L. 6. Folsom, Hotel and Restaurant, 22
Marietta street.

Ben Rosenthal, Palace and CrysUl Palace, 6
W. Mitchell street.

Dr. E. G. Griffin, Gate City Dental Rooms,
24^ Whitehall.

Tennessee Liquor Co., 61 S. Broad.

Barclay & Brandon, Undertakers, 101 Marietta.

Sig. Samuels, Saloon, 88 W. Mitchell.

John M. Miller, Bookseller, 80 Marietta.

E. H. Carroll & Co., Wholesale Uquor, 16
Marietta street.

Hotel Aragon.

Excelsior Steam Laundry, 40-42 Wall.

S. B. Turman, Real Estate and Loans, 10 S.
Broad.

M. Shurman, Retail Liquor Dealer, 46 Wall.

R. E. Sharp, Union Cigars, 70 Peachtree.

J. K. Orr, Wholesale Shoes Co., 80-82 Auburn.

R. O. Campbell Coal Co., Gould Building.

Adamson & Son, Groceries, 802 Decatur street.

Capital City Laundry, 128 Whitehall.

Smith & Higgins, 254 Peter.

J. T. McCollough & Son, Saloon, 155 Peter.

Randall Bros., Coal, Wood and Lumber, Peters
Building.

Guthman Steam Laundry, 212-14-10 Whitehall.

Abbott Furniture Co., 241 Marietta street.

Snipes & Co., 200 Marietta street.

A. J. Martin, Hardware, 246-248 Marietta St.

Jas. Sharp, Drug Store, 231 Marietta street.

O. H. Stames, Groceries, 245 Marietta street.

A, S. Taylor, Department Store, 240 Marietta.

Chas. S. Kingsbery, Jr., Gents' Furnishing
Goods, 222 Marietta street.

Al. Bronk, Wines and Liquors, 43 S. Pryor.

L. W. Roger, Groceries, 84 Garnett.

P. A. Lynch, Wines and Liquors, 05 Whitehall.

Kclley Bros., Wholesale Grocery, 87-89 Peter.

F. M. Stocks. Coal, Coke and Wood, 85 Peter.
The Ford and Johnson Co., Furniture, 17 N.

Marietta street.

R. H. Shaw. Coal and Wood, 416 MarietU st.

A. B. Reader. Groceries, 227 Marietta street.

Morrow Transfer Co., 50-52 Alabama street.

L. M. Prouty, Big Bonanza, 6 Decatur.

C. D. Kenny Co., Teas and Coffees, Whitehall.

W. E. Quillian, Physician, 66 Park avenue.

F. S. Stewart, Union Shoes, 6 Peachtree.

E. S. Hartman, Hatter and Furnisher, 6 Peach-
tree.

Todd Drug Co., Druggist, 141 Peachtree.

Watson & Pickard, Pharmacy, Peachtree.

West View Floral Co., 106 Peachtree.

Brown & Catlett Furniture Co., 62-64 N. Broad.

H. G. Poole, Undertaker, 49 E. Hunter.

N. C. Tompkins, Printer, 16 W. Alabama.

R. M. Rose, Distiller, AtlanU and Jacksonville.

J. A. Bondurant, Real Estate 4 Nat. Bank
Bldg.

D. B. Hollis, Wines and Liquors, 86 N. Broad.

Southern Book Concern, 71 Whitehall.

W. J. Timms, Jeweler, 28 Whitehall.

G. M. Dorsey, Inter Ocean Saloon, 26 Mari-
etta street.

Jos. Thompson, Wholesale Wines and Liquurs,
86 Peachtree.

BOSTON, MASS.
Received from E. C. Monahan, Lodge No. 97:
A. Outhank & Co., Uniform Manufacturers,
105-111 Summer street.

F. Meglio, Barber Shop, 165 Stunmer street.
Received from H. E. Eaton, Lodge No. 124:

YORK, PA.
A. M. Bupp, Hotel Huppley, 698 E. Phila.

BALTIMORE, MD.
A. John, Liquors, 409 N. Calvert street
Hotel Kautz, 347 N. Calvert street

INDIANA.
Received from E. Bedson, Lodge No. 781:

INDIANA HARBOR.
F. J.. Teal, Undertaker.
Julius Cohen, Clothing.
F. Jerome, Household Furnishings.
The Harbor Clothing Co.
Sunny Sheetz, Cafe.
Max Glass, Merchant Tailor.
Thos. O'Connell, Harbor Hotel.
Ward Dickey Steel Co.
Dr. Sauer, Physician and Surgeon.
W. L. Hughes, Physician and Surgeon.
Mr. Roberts, Standard Forge Co.

HAMMOND.
C. H. Stewart, Undertaker, Homan and Sibley.
Bastar & McGarry, Jewelers, Homan & Sibley.
W. C. Harrington, Senate Saloon, Homan and
Sibley.
Laederach Bros., Jewelers, Homan and Sibley.
The Lash Hotel, 271-275 E. State street

EAST CHICAGO.
J. S. Dewey, Green Engineering Co.

CHICAGO, ILL.
Standard Forging Co., Railway Exchange fildg.

MASON CITY, IOWA.
Received from L. Roberts, Lodge No. 9:
W. S. Winders, Iowa Tea Co.

UNION HILL, N. J.
Received from D. McMahon, Lodge No. 491:
American Clothing Co., 247 Bergenline avenue.

SAN ANTONIO, TEX.
Received from L. W. Mullen, Lodge No. 80:
J. F. Robertson, Drugs and Stationery, 424 San
Antonio street.

Ike Wolf, Gents* Furnishing Goods, San An-
tonio street

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656

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

DUBUQUE. IOWA.

Received from H. Budwiser, Lodge No. 681:

Jake Spielman, Five Points Saloon, Eagle Point
avenue.

Joe Michel. Cigars, 8th and Clay.

H. A. Schunk & Co., Wholesale Wines and
Liquors, 61 Stb street.

The Hoermann Press, Job Printing, 8th and
Locust.

Dr. J. L. Taylor, Dentist, 9th and Main.

Dr. Blocklinger, 11th st, bet. Main and Iowa.

Calvert Bros., The Iowa Saloon, 235 0th street.

J. J. Murphy, Undertaker, 7th and Locust.

B. Sagen and Son, Livery, 4th and Locust.
Boston One Price Clothiers, 4th and Main.
Bijou High Class Vaudeville Theatre, 4th and

Main.

A. Klein, Fresh and Smoked Meau, 5th and
Main.

SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.

Received from E. J. Chandler, Lodge No. 888:

Mr. Parks, Jeweler, 102 W. So. Temple.
RATON. N. MEX.

Received from J. E. Daum, Lodge No. 221:

James Leason, Pool Hall, 140 Park avenue.

Woodward & Nutting, Druggists, 132 So. 1st

W. T. Hughes, Cafe.

Cohn Bros., Mercantile Co., 10« 1st.

C. A. Whited. Jeweler, 187 Cook avenue.

M. R. Mendelson, Mercantile Co., 134 Cook
avenue.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Received from W. O. Keep, Lodge No. 485:

ALBION.

E. G. Brown, Restaurant.
A. M. Tanner, Furniture.
Hurst Bros., Meat Market.
Shirly & Wells, Clothing.
W. K. McMullen, Druggist
Dempsey Bros., Hotel.

F. S. Hoffman, Dry Goods and Groceries.

BUTLER.
Geo. Stonner, Restaurant

MONESSEN, PA.
Received from A. C. Milhollan, Lodge No. 321:
R. W. Beck, Druggist, 915 Schoonmaker ave.

READING, PA.

Received from S. F. Thomas. Lodge No. 117:

Jefferson Betz, Contracting Plasterer, 751 N.
12th street

C. Albrecht, Friendship Hotel, 1100 N. 10th.

W. D. Jesberg, Wholesale Liquors, 10th and
Robeson streets.

G. G. Benzel, Ice Dealer, 948 N. 9th street.

SPRINGFIELD, ILLS.

Received from A. D. Burbank, Lodge No. 58:

Fortune Bros., Hotel, 6th and Jefferson.

C. T. Bisch & Son, Funeral Directors. N. 6th.

E. E. Staley, Boots and Shoes, 125 West Side
Square.

J. Feisch & Co., Druggists, 505 No. Side Sq.

Apple Clothing Co.. Clothing and Hats, 518 So.
Side Square.

ALLIANCE, OHIO.
Received from E. H. Miller, Lodge No. 178:
The Winner and Thomas Co., Overall Mfrs.
T. J. Shaffer, Barber Shop, 228 E. Main street

BONNE TERRE, MO.
Received from Geo. B. Belknap, Lodge No. 696:
Peter Falk, Palace Cafe.

DAUPHIN. MAN.
Received from J. F. Malloy, Lodge No. 748:
J. W. Johnston, Town Clerk.
Received from E. M. Paullin, Lodge No. 401:

DURANGO, COLO.
W. H. Mack, Southern Hotel.
M. Morris, Wines, Liquors and Cigars.
F. C. Stroale, Palace Bar.

Commercial Club, Wines, Liquors and Cigars.
W. Alexander, Barber Shop.

CHAMA, N. MEX.
J. F. Boyer, Wines, Liquors and Cigars.
C. A. Dagget, GenL Mdse., Meat and Produce.

LOUISVILLE, KY.
Received from H. A. Carfield, Lodge No. 156:
J. Baron & Son« 660 E. Market street.
T. R. Jennings, Medical Examiner Lodge No.
156, 1001 E. Jefferson street

F. C. Kloti, Ice Cream Mfr., 619 E. Market
H. C. Lauer & Co., Liquor Dealers, 430 F..

Market street.

Riley & Miller, Grain Dealers, 1886 7th street

Grocers' Baking Co., Union Made Bread, 7th.

H. L. Schuh, Grocery and Cafe, 630 N. Mag-
nolia street.

J. P. Daut. Old Dauton Whiskey, 918 N.
Broadway.

Geo. Feldman. Groceries and Meat. 1637 South-
gate street.

A. H. Bowman & Co., Grain and Hay, 400 E.
Main street.

Diersen Bros., Brewers, 600 E. Green street.

Hettiger & Huck, Union Brewery, 941 and
943 Franklin street.

G. F. Huber, Brewery, 1906 16th street

W. Palmer, Clifton Brewery, Letterle and
Ewing.

C. Staeuble, Stoves and Tinware, 1106 Frank-
fort street.

J. Schick, Cafe, 7th and Hill streets.
LANCASTER. OHIO.

Received from T. Pemberton. Lodge No. 76:

F. A. Tarpey, Genl, Mdse., 387 S. Maple st
HARRISBURG, PA.

Received from P. F. Bruehl, Lodge No. 883:

A. G. Krieg, Meat Market, 1700 5th street

Forney & Stewart, Boots and Shoes. 7 S. 2nd.

Baltimore One Price Oothing Store, 804
Market street.

W. H. Sidle, Grand Hotel, 814 Market street

Globe Clothing Co., Mens' and Boys' Clothing,
824 Market street.

Geo. Gilbert, Hotel, 1415 3rd street
CHICKASHA, IND. TER.

Received from W. L. McPherron. Lodge No.
682:

H. R. Kreitr & Co.. Undertakers and Embahn-
ers.

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Google

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

657

CUMBERLAND, MD.

Received from S. E. Knotts, Lodge No. 267:

L M. Brmshears, Groceries, 108 Va. avenue.

Jas. M. Conway, Agt, Cumberland Brewing
Co., 06 Va. avenue.

H. N. Cohen, Clothier and Outfitter, 4th and
Va. avenue.

(A. A. Roeder and Co., Marble and Granite
Works, Frederick street.

L. F. Spicer, Merchandise, 129 Arch.

F. Brook Whiting, Attomeyat-Law, 10 Wash-
ington street.

G. S. Butler, Undertaker, 29 No. Center.
Louis Stein, Undertaker, 64 No. Center,

C. J. Comiskey, Saloon and Restaurant, 167
Baltimore.

W. F. Frederick, Music Store, 56 Baltimore.

Rosenbaum Bros., Department Store, 100 Bal-
timore street,^

John Brinker, Slater, Old Town Road.
SAN BERNARDINO, CAL.

Received from A. Ledgerwood, Lodge No. 278:

Doe Powell, Office Saloon.

IngersoU & Esler, 629 W. 8rd street.

Owl Drug Store.

Feetmen and McNeil, Groceries.

Lutherback & Love, Gents' Furnishings.

Gate City Bar.

Harrison & Pace.

Miller & Stickney, Real Estate Agents.

A. Horowitz, Gents* Furnishings.

Russell Bros., Groceries.

FITCHBURG, MASS.

Received from F. H. McCarthy, Lodge No. 286:

Jos. A. Holland, Merchant Tailor, 162 Main.

Kimball and Co., Dry Goods, 174 Main.

E. Letillier, Barber, 98 Main street.

E. W. Tinsley, Tobacco Store, 1 Blossom.

HARRISBURG, PA.
Received from E. E. Miller, Lodge No. 42:
Caton & Co., Shoes, 1210 N. 8rd street.
Weaver Organ and Piano Co., 1336 N. 6th st.

F. J. Reif, Grocer, «^66 Woodbine street.
C. Ott, Dairy, 1928 Fulton street.

H. Reese, Grocer, 6th and Woodbine streets.

Shanaman & Co., Artificial Limbs, 2000 and 2002
N. 6th street.

W. R. Lent^ Cigars and Pool, 1721 N. 6th st.

C. W. Bcisel, Cigars and Pool, 1911 N. 6th.

C. F. Hoover, Furniture and Carpets, 1417 and
1419 N. 2nd street, n

J. W. Shope, Physidan & Surgeon, 26 S. 18th.

T. M. Mauk & Son, Undertakers, 808 N. Srd.

C. Meoslein, Grocer, 2801 N. 6th street

S. H. Garland, Grocer and Hardware, 6th and
Peffer.

Fuld & Baum, Clothiers and Furnbhers, 8rd
and Cumberland.

K. A. Hockley & Bros., Keystone Laundry,
Wallace and Harris streets.

Received from C. Reniff, Lodge No. 582}
EL RENO, OKLA.

F. Heine, Wholesale Liquors, 402 McComb.

Wilson ft Dawson, Furniture and Carpets, 106
N. Bickford.

CHICKASHA, L T.
R. Bond, Attorney.
C M. Fechheimer, Attorney, 1 Johnaon Bldg;

MISSOURL
Received from E. E. Schmulling, Lodge No. 07:

HUNTSVILLE.
W. Rutherford, Drasrman and Transfer.

SALISBURY.
H. L. Hays, Salisbury Trust Co.
PARSONS, KANS.
Received from W. C Maxwell, Lodge No. 870 1
H. O. Wick, Grocer, 810 N. 28rd street.

VANDERCOOK, ILL.
Received from F. O. Steger, Lodge No. 414:
Gause Bros.

ALPENA, MICH.
Received from C. Houghton, Lodge No. 568:
G. Masters & Sons.
Martinson & Stafford.
Olds & McLean.
Doyle ft Lalaude.

GOODLAND, KANS.
Received from S. E. Marts, Lodge No. 827:
H. M. Heston, Chic. Lumber Ca
WASHINGTON, IND.
Received from W. E. Golden, Lodge No. 166:
J. L. Zinkan, Livery and Boarding Stables.
Kramer's Bar, 106 N. E. 4th.
M. L. Bonham's Sons, Funeral Directors, 428
E. Main.

SAXTON, PA.
Received from E. Oler, Lodge No. 755:
C. Brubaker, Jeweler.

TERRE HAUTE, IND.
Received from Geo. Elbrecht, Lodge No. 281:
Dr. Anshutz, Alveolicular Dentistry, comer
6th and Main.

SAN ANTONIO, TEX.
Received from M. J. Garvey, Lodge No. 62;
Isidore Zork, Wholesale Dry Goods, Commerce.

ALTOONA, PA.
Received from John W. Helman, Lodge No.
174:

R. B. Replogle, Groceries, 1900 8th avenue.
Heinsling & Batton, Logan Laundry, 1419 4tii
avenue.

Hickey & O'Neill, Undertakers, 1122 11th ave.
Sundard Furniture Co., Home Furnishers, 1406
11th avenue. «

H. M. Steckman, Men's Furnishings, 1412 11th
avenue.

H. M. Jacobson & Son, Jewelers, 41 and 48
Morrow Bldg.

B. Berkowitz, Groceries, 1126 12th avenue.
J. H. Myers, Florist, Willow avenue and 8th st.
H. R. Earlenbaugh, Groceries, 880 4th aventie.
J. W. Gaines, Groceries, 1728 11th avenue.
Sample Shoe Store, Shoes and Slippers, 1424
11th avenue.

McMECHEN. W. VA.
Received from W. D. Howard, Lodge No. 18:
H. H. Tarr, Barber.

PALESTINE, TEX.
Received from L. P. Maynard, Lodge No. 868:
First National Bank, Spring street.
George M. Dilley & Sons, Foundry and Ma-
chinists. ^^ J

Digitized by VjOOQIC

6J8

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

BUFFALO. N. Y.

Received from A. A. Van Houten, Lodge No.
187:

Mr. Faxon, The Grocer, 866 Elmwood avenue.

Herman O. Hufman, Metropolitan Life Insur-
ance Co., 426 Baynea.

H. R. Peter, Green Room Buffet, 86 Niagara.
BEDFORD, IND.

Received from Frank Davis, Lodge No. 615:
H. C. Whiting, Stag Saloon.

McKEES ROCKS. PA.

Received from James Nicodemus, Lodge No.
821:

G. Hasenack, Eagle Hotel, 616 Island avenue.

Standard Hotel. 614 Island avenue.

0. Cercoo, Hotel. 600 Island avenue.

ATLANTA, GA.
Received from R. E. Bransford, Lodge No. 802:
J. R. Walls & Co., Railroad Watch Inspector,
Room 802, Anstell Bldg.
Eisenman Broa., Outfitters, 11 to 17 Whitehall.

GREENVILLE, S. C.
Received from J. D. Whitehead, Lodge No. 641 :
J. O. Raines, Barber, West Washington.
W. B. Carpenter, Druggist, West Washington.

WELLINGTON, KAS.
Received from W. C. Simmons, Lodge No. 280:
Taylor & Whightman, Second Hand Store.
Wellington Plumbing Co.
Farmers' State Bank.
G. W. Wood, Dentist.
Security State Bank.
Caton & Son, Marble Works.

1. A. Walton, Real Estate.
Liety Bros., Department Store.

Emerson & Harrison, Physicians and Drug*
gists.

F. W. Sellers, Jeweler.
Elliott & McBride, Attorneys.

CANADIAN, TEX.
H. E. Hoover, Attorney.

FITCHBURG, MASS.
Received from F. H. McCarty, Lodge No. 286:
W. C. Gooawin. Shoe Store, 166 Main.
A. C. Ward & Son, Meat Market, 86 Day.
Geo. M. Blakely, Baker. 6 Day.

E. Stibbins, Dry Goods Store, 120 Main.
Lyons & Davis Co., Dry Goods Store, 158 Main.
George Bros. & Co., Shoe Store. 175 Main.

J. W. Atkinson, Barber Shop, 7 Otis.

T. B. Reed, Baker, 60 Green.

Wm. Berger, Lunch Counter, IS Holt.

MICHIGAN.
Received from N. Trudeau, Lodge No. 867:

CALUMET.
The Portage Coal & Dock Co., Fuel, Brick and
Cement.

F. R. Vastbinder, Vastbinder & Reed's Drug
Store.

W. J, Bloy, Furniture and Undertaking.

Schneller & Lawrence, General Insurance and
Real Estate.

Eagle Drug' Store, Drugs and Sutionery, 216
5th,

Ed Haas & Co., Clothing.

A. Neimark, Clothing.

Miss M. B. Leary, Millinery, 5th street

The People's Fuel Co., Coal, etc.

John Burder, Carlton Hardware Co.

Barquist Bros., Metropolitan Barber Shop.

Louis Sibilsky, Dry Goods, Shoes and Millinery.

Red Front Store, Dry Goods and Clothing.

W. W. Wood, Michigan Cafe.

Keckonen Hardware Co.

Paul Tomnier, Fruits, Ice Cream, etc

Samuel A. Abramson, Unique Restaurant

Obenhoff Bros., SUple and Fancy Groceriee.

Vertin Bros., General Merchandise.

H. C. Underwood, Ideal Restaurant.

N. Reding & Sons, General Merchandise.

Ben Blum, Liquor and Cigar Store.

Theodore Laurell, Merchant Tailor.

Hocking & Michaelson. Clothiers.

Leo Gartner, The Fashion.

Jas. Roch, The California Wine Cellar.

Jno. B. Rostello, Merchant Tailor.

Croatian Co-operative Store, General Mercban-
disc, J. Agnich, Mgr.

Nathan Lurie, Stockholm Liquor Store.

S. F. Loch, Central Hotel.

The Bee Hive Shoe Store, 5th street

Parisienne Millinery, 5th street and Red Jacket
Road.

Vertin & Belopavlovich, Oak Club Buffet.

John Tambellini, Sample Room, 815 Portland.

Domenick Borgo, Blue Ribbon Buffet.

Michael Johnson, Hardware, Stoves, Paints, etc.

A. Lundahl, The Pine Street Pharmacy.

Jas. Krupp. Wholesale and Retail Groceries.

Geo. Antioho. American Candy Kitchen Stores.

Gowen Millinery Co., 7th and Oak.

Knivel Bros.. Wines and Cigars.

Godfrey & Sons, Commission Merchants.

Edward Ulseth, Lumber, Coal and Wood.

Pain, Webber & Co., Stock Brokers.

People's Store Co., General Merchandise.

C. J. Wickstrom, General Merchandise.

Kehl's Buffet, 101 6th street.

J. Willmers, care The A. T. L. Co.

Perenchio & Adda, Schlitz Brewing Co.

Malfroid Trading Co.

R. C. Thiele, Pabst Brewing Co.

John Herman, Jeweler, 111 5th.

J. Decker, Wines and Cigars, Oak and 5th.
HOUGHTON.

The Lakeside Floral Co., Houghton and Calu-
met

LAURIUM.

C. W. Ryckman, General Dealer, comer Iro-
quois and S. Linden avenue.

MARTINSBURG, W. VA.

Received from W. E. Gregory, Lodge No. 862:

W. L. Jones, Jeweler.

People's Trust Co., corner Queen and Burke.

Dean Whitmore Drewy Co., corner Queen and
Burke.

ALLIANCE, O.

Received from E. H. Miller, Lodge No. 178:

Mowcry's Shoe Store, 408 E. Main.

Kline's Union Clothing Co.

Manhattan Woolen Co. ^^

Digitized by VjOOQIC

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

659

LANCASTER. OHIO.
Received from Thede Pemberton, Lodge No. 76:
Kenedy & Cannon, Merchant Tailor and Gents'
Furnishings, Main street.

SOUTH BEND. IND.
Received from Geo. Redding, Lodge No. 28:
Calvin K. Clauer, Jeweler and Optician, 105 S.
Michigan.

A. Klingel, Boots and Shoes, 128 W. Washing-
ton.

Mclntry & Doran, Cigars and Tobacco, Billiard
Hall, 12« W. Washington.

WINNIPEG, MAN.

Received from E. L. Purdy, Lodge No. 122:

Gare & Brockest, Stoves, Furnaces and Metal
Goods, 246 Princess.

McKinzie Bros., Wholesale Hardware, 244 Prin-
cess.

Bromley & Hague, Tents and Awnings, 243
Princess.

Royal Crown Soap Co., Ltd.

International Harvester Co., of America, 782
Main.

The New Bell Hotel, Main and Henry.

B. Shragge, Scrap Metals, etc., 806 Princess.
Imperial Implement Co., 427 Southerland ave.
S. L. Gregory, Steamship and Mill Supplies,

Nena and Henry.

The John Stevens Co., Ltd., Plumbers and
Steam Fitters Supplies, 661 Henry.

Manitoba Frost Wire Fence Co., 810 Nena.

The Canadian Moline Plow Co., Logan and
Chambers.

Canadian Port Huron Co., Machinery and Sup-
plies.

Winnipeg Supply Co., Ltd., 800 Rietta.

McCall & Co., Oils and Greases, Henry and
Sherman.

The Cgerwinski Co., Ltd., Boxv, Crates and
Lumber, Logan and Tecumseh.

Manitoba Iron Works, Ltd., Manufacturers of
Machinery.

Paris Plow Co., High Grade Plows.

G. McKeag, Livery and Sale Stable, 707 Mary-
land.

BALTIMORE, MD.

Received from A. M. Williams, Lodge No. 453:

A. Stockley, Wholesale and Retail Wines and
Liquors.

Fiedlers, Florist, 902 S. Charles.

Mayers, South Baltimore's Best Store, 1100«
1118 Light

G. W. Morecraft, Paper Hanger, 1450 Light

F. J. Schillingberg, Carpets and Furniture, 1240
Light

INDIANA HARBOR, IND.

Received from E. Bedson, Lodge No. 781:

East Chicago Co., Real Estate.

Indiana Harbor State Bank.

A. Kaufmann, Cafe.

R. Ansley, Physician and Surgeon.

Walker & Piet^ Groceries and Meat Market
TEXAS.

Received from R. S. Lee, Lodge No. 620:
BONHAM.

O. T. Lyons & Son, Lumber Dealers.

Bonham House Furnishing Co., East side
Square.

Harrison & Johnson, Tailors, North side
Square.

F. C. Allen, Dentist, West side Square.

The Hub Clothing Co., West side Square.

J. Lee Tarpley & Co., Undertakers.

Graham, Crawford & Co., Dry Goods.
DENTON.

E. Flint, Palace Restaurant

NOTICE OF GRAND DUES ASSESSMENT No. 108
AUGUST. 1907. TWENTY- FIVE CENTS.

Grand Lodgeof the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen

OFFICE OF GRAND SCCRCTARY AND TREASURER.

TO SUBORDINATE LODGES: Clbvblaiid, Ohio. July I. 1907

Dbar Sirs AND Brothbrs: You are hereby notified that the amount of Twanty-FlTt
Cents for Grand (Duesj Assessment No. 108, for the month of Aueust, 1907. Is due
from each and eyery member, and must be paid to the Financier before the first day of
August, 1907. A member failing to make payment as herein required shall be-
come expelled without notice or action. See Section 128, Constitution Subordinate
Lodees.

The Financier is required to forward said Assessment to the Grand Lodge before
August 5. 1907, for each member on the roll, and
for members admitted or readmitted during the month of

August the Financier must send this Assessment with ^^^^^i^^JK^
the report of admission as per Section 105, Constitution ^V cP^t^^
Subordinate Lodges.

Fraternally yours.

•.•mMmt^

STATEMENT OF CLAIMS PAID DURING THE MONTH OF MAY, 1907

CLAIM.

12473

12642

12646

12720

12789

12740

12741

12742

12743

12744

18746

NAMS. LODGB.

R. H. Hart 267

W. H. Bocsch 800

L. B. Gould 602

C. F. Fisher 197

R. L. Ault 7

J. D. Brink 180

F. C. Hutchins 180

T. M. Sowden 288

H. R. D. English 105

H. L. Hackett 402

Richard Humphrey •• 21

PAID TO. ADDRESS. AMOUNT.

Lida J. Hart, Gdn.. Trenton, N. J $1,850.00

Wm. Boesch, Misselwarden, Germany 1,850.00

Bertha E. Gould, Van Wert, la 1,000.00

Ellen N. Fisher, New York, N. Y 1,860.00

Hattic AulL Pittsburg, Pa 1,850.00

Effie May Brink, Grand Rapids. Mich 1,000.00

C. M. and F. Hutchins, Benton Harbor, Mich. 1,850.00

Marie Sowden, Austin, Minn 500.00

H. R. D. English, Kinzua, Pa 1,000.00

H. L. Hackett, Monon, Ind 1,850.00

Nellie Humphrey, Girard, 0 1,850.00

Digitized by

Google

STATEMKNT OF CLAIMS PAID PURIIitt THK MONTH OF MAY, 1907-Cop.

CLAIM. MAMB. LODGB. PAID TO. AOOftSSS. AMOUNT.

12746 E. C Mensel M Win. F. Mensel, Bremen, Ind * 500.00

18747 H. W. Fetter 840 Anna E. Foster, Sacramento, Cal 500.00

12748 M. Riley 88 EUen Riley, Worcester, Mass 1,850.00

12740 E. W. Sager 180 Eva F. Sager, Gdn., Owego, N. Y 1,850.00

12750 J. W. Jennings, Jr.... 855 J. W. Jennings. Jr., Clarksburg. W. Va.... 1,850.00

18751 R. S. Russell 318 R. S. Russell. Salt Lake City. Utah 1.000.00

18752 A. A. Johnston, No. 1.257 Estella Johnston. Cape May. N. J 1,000.00

18758 J, S. McKcnrie 687 Eleanor A. McKenzie, Berkley. Cal 1.000.00

18755 T. J. Jenkins 16 Charlotte Jenkins. Georgetown, Ind 1.850.00

18756 J. M. Fox 10 Lucy E. Smith. Brookfield, Mo 500.00

18758 E. A. McBride 4 Marie McBride. Chicago, Ul 1,860.00

18750 Frank Long 74 Margaret Long. Gibson, N. M 1.850.00

18760 J. B. Long 106 Elizabeth A. Long. Black Lick. Pa 1,850.00

18761 J. H. McGrath 88 Bridget McGrath. Portland. Me 1.860.00

18768 M. L. Collins 644 Jane Collins. Decatur. Ark 1.850.00

18768 Burt Snell 186 Chaa. H. Snell, Adm.. Canisteo. N. Y 1.000.00

12764 G. A. Strickland 876 Mattic Strickland. Waycross. Ga 1.860.00

12765 Wm. Martin 898 Leona M. Martin. Middletown. Ind 1.850.00

12766 Ed. Skinner 522 Elsie Skinner, Cherokee. la 1.850.00

12767 R. Cloake 587 Alice Cloake. Philadelphia. Pa 1,850.00

12768 H. F. Eckels 489 Safe Deposit & Trust Co., Gdn., Greensburg.

Pa. 1.000.00

12769 J. H. Mason 877 J. H. Mason, Allandale. Ont 1.850.00

12770 R. E. Smith 409 Mary Jane Smith. Cleburne. Tex 1.850.00

12771 J. H. Munford 683 Minnie R. Price, Rowletts, Ky 500.00

12778 J. H. Everett 718 Rosa Everett, Bridgeburg. Ont 1.850.00

18778 John Price 158 John Price. Garrett. Ind 1.860.00

18774 F. H. Christian 266 F. H. Christian. Nashua. N. H 1.850.00

18775 A. A. Larkins 461 A. A. Larkins. Leavenworth. Kan 1.850.00

18777 E. J. Brennan. Jr. ...541 Katie Brennan. Philadelphia. Pa 1.850.00

18778 Wm. Neiderhauser ...560 Wm. Neiderhauser. Rosebank, L. I., N. Y.. 1.850.00

18779 H. B. Mason 717 Rosa Mason, Vicksburg. Miss 1.850.00

18780 G. F. Tait 580 John B. Tait, Omaha, Neb 500.00

18781 J. C Davis 206 Liddic M. Davis. Fort Worth. Tex 1.850.00

18788 N. T. James 816 Renna James. Jackson, Tenn 1,850.00

18788 J. B. Davis 816 Annie Davis. Low Wossie, Mo 1.850.00

18784 Michael Duffy 801 Theresa Hunt. Springfield. Mass 1.850.00

18785 G. M. Leathcm 214 Kate Leatham. New Orleans. La 1.850.00

18786 E. H. Derby 301 Mary E. Derby. Pierccbridge.^N. H. ^*li^'?Si

18787 L H. McGee 874 Rebecca J. McGce. Indianapolis, Ind 1,850.00

127^8 W. J. Archer 265 Cordelia M. Archer, Battle Creek. Mich 1.850.00

18789 H. S. Lieby 321 Minnie Lieby. Brownsville. Pa 1.850.00

18790 M. J. Shopp 383 Daniel H. Zorger. Gdn.. Ilarrisburg, Pa 1.850.00

18791 A, T. Kern 1»» Helen Kern. Erie. Pa..... 1.850.00

18798 R. C. Blaker 267 Eva B. Blaker. Monongahela City. Pa 1.860.00

12798 J. K. Miller 434 Mrs. W. Miller. Atchison, Kan 500.00

12794 John Flynn 22« Lena Flynn, New Castle, Pa 1.850.00

12796 '^ - -' 409 Lucy J. Lynn. Honey Grove. Tex 1,850.00

iiiS Jr 461 Louisa Payne. Argentine. Kan 1.000.00

lllgs 40* John M. Berry. Ashland. Ky HS2S2

\lill tie 88 Florence E. McVittie. Worcester, Mass 500.00

8 515 M. A. Peoples, Fort Madison. la 1.850.00

er 748 Wm. H. Meyer. Sacramento, Cal 500.00

n 87 Mary E. Ferguson. Albany, N. Y 1.850.00

12804 100 Lizzie Kline. Mauch Chunk. Pa. J'SSSSS

lllol r 556 E. C. Kirkner. East Radford, Va 1.000.00

JisoS 758 Myrtle M. Shafer, New Kensington. Pa I-JK'SS

\llli 105 Serna France, Red House. N. Y ^'JJSSS

iaail h 1" Elizabeth Alabaugh. Wilkesbarre. Pa H^^^St

I28I2 257 Rebecca Freas. Salem, N. J , S2a 22

ii8i8 *0* E. J. Cain, Somerville, Mass J'JJJ'JS

12814 ell 507 Catherine Campbell, Clermont, P. E. I I'JSJ'SS

94 Vema M. Glover. Thomson, Pa J»5?JJJ

r 94 M. J. Connor, Carbondale, Pa MfJ'SS

128 Francis Friday, Milwaukee, Wis ^'JKS?

.,ox» m«n ....847 Ashton Marcrum, Memphis, Tenn J'SSaXJ

J282O , Jr ^90 Carrie M. Danley, Uniontown, Pa ^»?5SS2

I282I *7 Mary J. Mann, St. Thomas. Ont....^ , SSSSJ

i5i22 engcr ...267 Nellie G. Messenger. Grafton, W. Va. ...... 1.860.00

^2828 639 Delvma P. Courbron. Riviere du Loup, Que 1,«50.00

liS24 106 Catherine E. Tate. Chicago, 111 ^JS'SS

i2826 ey 94 W. A. Bentley, Carbondafe, Pa MJSSS

J2827 187 Louisa Shaw, ^redonia, JJ. Y. ............. . l^OM

ll828 'orth ....187 Carolyn E. Woodworth. Protection, N. Y.... 1.850.00

18820 t 178 Tillie McGee, Hazleton. Pa.... 1.000.00

loaoA V M Thfttnnann 298 E. H. ThomOSOn. St. LOUIS, Mo 1'350.W

12799
12800
12801
12802

12814
12816
18817
18818
18819

E. H. Thompson 298 E. H. Thompson, St. Louis. Mo 1.350.0

P. J. O'MeaS 172 Mary^O Meara. Reading. Pa. 1.860.0

Tim Sullivan, j r 260 Tim Sullivan Jr.,. Greenville. Tex 1.350.0

Edw,_. Goppert 164 Mary^ MoraUi, UUca, N. Y .860.0

12880

}2ls2 fim'-s'ulli^: ir:;;:;260 gm'S^lwipr*^^^^^^ 1.350.00

12888 Edw. Goppert 164 Mary Morath. U^ica, N. Y. I'll^^S,

12834 G. W. McCarty ......227 Nannie Craw/ord, E. St. Louis. Ill 1.360.00

12885 C E Lambert ....... 19 C E. Lambert, Brookfield, Mo 500.00

12886 Chas.* B. Fetterman .. 48 Sarah J. F^tterman. Nu^embura^ Pa 1.000.00

12887 Jas. J. Casey 168 Mar«ret Casey,^ Peekskill. N. Y HK'SX

18838 T J. Donley 388 Annie Donley, Renovo, Pa J'JSSJS

JIISo fc. t. Smye7s 462 C. L Smyers, Creekside, Pa. 1.850.00

12840 L W. Carey 598 Sarah Carey, New York. N. Y... , S?2«A

lilli GW. Ballard 630 Wilson L.. Lllard, Chelyan^y. Va 1.860.00

12842 C. W. E. Mohaupt ..122 J. D Marie Mohaupt, St. ^ul, Minn 600.00

12843 D. W. Smith 311 L. May Smith, Plattsburg, N. Y 1.850^

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Not Yet, But Soon."

BY A^BLBBRT CLARK

"Not yet, but soon/' what does that mean?

It means just what you are !
Never progressing— always the same —

Fixed like a stagnant star.
God never made man to be idle,

Waiting, and putting things ofiF,
Watching and mocking the toilers of life,

And turning them down with a scoff !

"Not yet, but soon,*' means weakness at heart, -

Idler, in thought and in deed.
Rather than working— looking ahead, —

Tilling, to sow the seed;
Drifting away into nothingness.

Though ignorant of such an act I
Putting things off 'till tomorrow,

Is the surest proof of the fact.

"Not yet, but soon," is to idle minds, .

Givmg up work for things
Of pleasures, air-castles, and fi^ieaiir

Light as their airy wingsf '" ,./
Pleasure is good and pleasure is right;

'Tis balm for the weary life t
But seek first the fruit of your labors.

And battle the ways of strife!

"Not yet, but soon," means failure in things

That might have conquered the wrong.
Had the man been true, not carried away

By rhythmic rhyme and song.
"Not yet, but soon," will sound the blast

From Heaven's bright golden gate
To the lost proud souls of the dying world —

"Depart, you have come too late!"

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§s

cog

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Fabllahed Mouthly by tbm Broth»rhood uC Railroad Trainmaa.
Entered at the poet^lBoe at Cleraland, Ohio, as Mcond-olan matter.

D. L. CEASE iif^gffgBSfci., Sufscription Price

Editor and Manager "'^SSiSSf $1.UU Per Year In Advance

Vol. XXIV. AUGUST 1907. No. 8

"High Bred Men/'

JOSR GROS.

^N the first days of June our Those high grade men of ours, at the

New York papers gave us the top, what are they doing, what have they

substance of an address, on May done for over 6,000 years of a somewhat

31st, by one of the most prom- well known historical development? They

inent public men for several years, about as don't seem to have even discovered that the

follows: whole healthy physical and spiritual devel-

**We have tended, curiously enough, in opment of mankind rests on "a full, sani-

our industrial training, to devote our ener- tary diet." That implies the need of an

gies to producing high grade men at the artistic, scientific farming life by which to

top rather than in the ranks. Our schools produce all crops of a choice quaUty. It

tend rather to train away from the shop, also implies sensible transportation meth-

the forge and the farm. We should pay ods, so that to rapidly place all products

more attention to making efficient mechan- before they deteriorate, in the hands of ail

ics and farmers, and more should be done consumers, and give to the latter the means

to make farm life attractive to capable to buy an abundance of those choice pro-

pcoplc." ducts, and thereby stimulate such a choice

Are we really producing high grade men production. We don't do anything of the

at the top? Has any generation ever done kind, rather the reverse,

that befoce? If so, why is it that such high Can we even prove that our high grade

grade men have never taught the rabble of men or those below have a healthy palate?

nations how to develop sensible social con- Can we even prove that we have any taste

ditions? for a sanitary life? The fundamental ele-

If our schools tend to train men away ment of all sanitation is — a peaceful mind

from the most vital and indispensable oc- through gentle, peaceful, useful activities

cupations in life, then our education has in all directions. Our top, high grade men

not yet learned the A, B, C of healthy hu- .... what are they doing to give

man development. humanity that kind of life? Not even they

If farm life is not made attractive to cap- themselves manage to have a sanitary life,

able people, then we simply force our in- They themselves are crazy after unnatural,

capable people into farm life. Our civiliza- insanitary wealth accumulations, and wrong

tion rests then, as yet, on a bank of mov- habits or methods of existence,

ing sand. One of our most vivid anck-recent dp-
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6G4 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

scriptions of our modern social hash can be It seems then that all our present great
found in the North American Review, May evils come from the goodness of the natural
17. We condense it as follows: order, the divire plan of things, backed by
"We are having a great popular discon- the absolute equality of opportunity that our
tent against the abuses and depredations of institutions proclaim. If so, then our
accumulated wealth, also against the enor- abuses and depredations of accumulated
mous increase in the cost of living. The wealth, and so our corporations, should not
people demand a remedy against our pres- need to be regulated. The natural and di-
ent crushing wrongs. And that demand vine order of things is regulated by its own
comes from the well to do, and the intelli- intrinsic goodness. Absolute equality of op-
gent. They say that our boasted prosperity portunity does not need any regulations by
has only benefited the wealthy and the wage any government, by any group of idiotic

THE GENERAL GRIEVANCE COMMITTEE. B. cf R. T.. A. T. & S. F.-COAST LINES.

W. E. Reppeto, 420 J. F. Knoles. 278 A. C. Thalls, Vice Chr.. 73 Wm. T. Dalzell, 74

J. P. Fowler, Sec'y. 570 J. V. Lippltt. 430 J. L. Service. Chr., 477

earners. We cannot prevent by law the public officers, by any constant reproduc-

union and association of wealth in corpora- tion of mean, selfish laws. It only needs —

tions, for they are in accord with our con- "plain common honesty refusing to legislate

stitution and the order of nature. Without laws of favoritism giving to some the direct

that union we could not develop the re- or indirect power to control production and

sources of the country. We want no pana- distribution, to place most men under tri-

cea. We only want the absolute equality of bute for permission to live and work, but

opportunity on which our institutions are to simply give to each man the legal power

based. Justice requires that corporations to be his own employer if he so prefers.**

should be regulated by the national govern- The last interlined words, about 46, reprc-

ment and not by the States." sent the kind of honesty that humanity has

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 0(15

never been taught by our top or our mid- in 24 hours, so to speak. They would not

die high bred men. Such men have always last very long anyhow,

stood for the honesty that creates large The only function of Government is to

classes forever working at the mercy of see that nobody interferes with the equal

monopolists, individualized or grouped in rights and full life that natural and divine

corporations to which we give additional laws grant to all men by the mere fact of

power over the destinies of all wealth pro- their existence. No human government has

ducers. ever yet done that. In forms more or less

Our high bred men have not even learned vivid all governments have given to some

how to talk honestly, because they refer to men the power to crush the rest. All hu-

equality of opportunity in the midst of man troubles and crimes come from human

monopoly rule, a complete absurdity. Just governments and institutions in greater or

WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE. EIGHTH BIENNIAL CX^NVENTION.

J. H. Shinnick. No. 208 E. C Detrick, No. 1 74 F. G. Friend. No. 259

W. H. Dunning. No. 52 T. F. Hanna. No. 26

as well talk about the whiteness of black, less defiance of divine government and in-

the brilliancy of darkness, the goodness of stitutions. If that is not so, then we must

iniquity. accept the religious fatalistic conception of

Take now the assertion that our prosperi- a God forcing men to perpetual sinfulness,

ty only benefits the men whose incomes per thus far.

family group are below $2,000, the wage What now about the implied conception
earners, and above $50,000, the wealthy; of our high bred men to the effect that we
while it crushes the middle classes, say can only develop the resources of the planet
from about $3,000 up to $15,000, the well by crushing the wealth producers into in-
to do and intelligent. If that middle class dustrial bondage to the few? That can only
had any intelligence worth talking about, all be proved when, for a number of years, we
"our crushing wrongs" could be suppressed have tried to develop citizens honest enough

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6G6 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

to know the difference between honesty and Third : To invite as many monopoly

dishonesty in human legislation, and so to combinations, through favoritism in laws,

scientifically and christianly stand against thus increasing private land rentals by the

all injustice and monopoly and privilege in unnatural evolution of what we call cor-

the laws of each national group. porations, trusts, syndicates, mergers, etc.

We, high bred men, the leaders of na- That third social crime completes the

tions, have always managed to legislate servitude, the industrial slavery of all real

three cardinal crimes, as follows: workers, as such.

First : Not to allow the use of but a ^ „

fragment of the natural resources, of each . A" earnings not received by the workers

section, in useful production by the real 'n.<l"«:stion outside of honest taxation, are

workers anywhere. P"^^*** ^""^ '"«"'*'''• '^K''''"'' ^°^^^'y-

Second: To keep the grand totality of We thus have always forced human gov-

those workers as poor as possible through ernment to abdicate all its natural rights

private land rentals and thus forcing those and duties in favor of — "High Bred

workers to a limited wealth production. Men."

The Tragedy Of An Inheritance.

JN Tuesday, 12th November, 1872, his right hand, and there appeared from the
a • peon, or native messenger lane at the head of which he stood, but on the
called at Prospect Lodge, the other side, the tall, gaunt figure of a re-
residence of Mr. De Ga, an ac- ligious mendicant, with unkempt hair and
countant of the Bank of Bombay, situated beard. The turbaned gentleman slightly in-
in the Grant Road, Bombay, and handed in clined his head in the direction of the re-
a package containing some cakes. To the treating peon, whereupon the mendicant
servant who received the parcel the mes- shuffled away after the messenger. A few
scnger said: — yards in the rear of the beggar walked a
"I have been sent by Mr. De Ga, a ne^r native of uninviting appearance, carrying
relation of your master's, with this packet in his right, hand a heavy staff or cudgel,
of confectionery, and to ask him to be so The mendicant seemed to be taking his cue
good as to accept the little present, with from the turbaned gentleman, and the na-
his best wishes." tive from the mendicant. The latter took
It was the fall of the afternoon and the the left-hand side of the road, the native
light was fading, but the servant was able the right, the mendicant following the peon
to distinguish that the messenger was a and the native the mendicant. The tur-
youngish man, somewhat seedily attired, baned gentleman appeared to be quite ig-
and apparently not too well nourished, norant of the existence of the others, and
Having delivered his message and the par- a few moments later, when thay had all
eel, he turned on his heel and walked disappeared in the distance to the left, he
away. He had not, however, gone many gathered his robes about him, turned about,
yards when a man in a turban and and strode away down the lane,
ample robes emerged from a side-turn- That night Mr. De Ga, his wife, and his
ing opposite and for a few moments servants were seized with a mysterious
stood looking after the receding form sickness. Shortly afterwards it was re-
of the peon. He was a man of expressive ported that a relation of his, Mr. A. De Ga.
countenance and chocolate-hued skin, with and his wife had also been stricken down
jet-black hair, a blrck moustache, and with a similar illness, to which, unfortun-
piercing brown eyes. As he stood there he ately, they had speedily succumbed. Scarce-
mac'e an almost imperceptible gesture with ly had these suspicious deaths become

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 667

known when it was further reported that —any friends— or, perhaps, I should say en-
Mr. J. D. Pereira (managing clerk to Messrs. emies, who would be likely to benefit by
Dallas and Lynch, solicitors), a friend of yourdeath?"

the De Gas, and his mother had likewise "No," replied De Ga, "none that I am
fallen victims to the same mysterious mal- aware of — I mean no persons who would be
ady. Thus, within a few hours of the de- so wicked as to endeavor to encompass my
livery of the small packet of cakes at Pros- death to benefit themselves."
pect Lodge by the peon, four persons had ** Who would benefit by your death ?" con-
met with an untimely death, and several tinned the detective, who did not seem to
others had narrowly escaped such a fate. be altogether satisfied with De Ga*s dis-

The problem that now presented itself to claimer. "Suppose you favor me with a list
the police of Bombay was indeed a diffi- of your friends, saying who and what they
cult one, and it plunged the Sardar into a are. Perhaps that would be the best way."
brown study. That a crime of great mag- "Certainly," replied De Ga; "that is soon
nitude, cunning, and daring had been com- done. There are my brothers Michael and
mitted appeared quite clear, but ^ho the Arthur at Bandora, both of whom are be-
culprits were or what their motive could be yond suspicion."

was a profound mystery. The family of "Yes," was the laconic response of the
De Ga was a somewhat numerous one, hav- detective.

ing several branches. Nicholas De Ga and "I do not know of anybody else who can
his wife Rose dwelt at Prospect Lodge, be taken into consideration in connection
while a younger brother, named Michael, Vith my estate, except, of course, my wife."
lived in a small bungalow at Bandor«, "Of course," repeated the Sardar. "But,"
where also another broth-
er, Arthur, occupied a
house.

The first thing that Ab-
dul AH did was to seek
an interview with Nicho-
las De Ga, and institute
an exhaustive inquiry at
his house. He found De
Ga, looking very pale
and ill, reclining upon a
sofa, slowly recovering
from his indisposition.
His wife, who had been
less affected by the mys-
terious sickness, was
present in the room at
the detective's request.

"This is an unfortunate
business."

It was the Sardar who
spoke, and as he did so
he sighed and passed his
fingers thoughtfully over
his chin.

"Most unfortunate," re-
sponded the patient, lan-
guidly; "and very mys-
terious."

"Yes; it is mysterious,"
agreed the detective. ^^

•*Have you any relations

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668 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

he went on, calmly, "as to these brothers. "What happened to the cake when it was
Which of them would inherit your proper- received?" the detective asked De Ga.
ty in the event of both you and your wife "it was placed on the dinner-table," re-
dying?" plied the accountant, "or at least a poj-tion

"Michael," said Mr. De Ga. of it was, we having sent some to Arthur
* "Ah !" exclaimed the detective, and re- and some to a friend, Mr. Pereira. We all
lapsed into a thoughtful silence. At length partook of it, including the servants. It
he said, "Now, this cake which was left at must, of course, have been poisoned, but
the house by a peon; tell me about that in- ^Y whom I cannot conjecture." And the in-
cident." He was now addressing his re- valid relapsed into a fit of dejection and
marks more to Mrs. De Ga than to her hus- mental distress.

band, and the lady replied, speaking for the "Yes, it was unquestionably poisonf<},"

first time during the interview: — agreed the detective, reflectively. "By the

"The parcel was taken in by Akbar, one way, of what does your property consist?"

of my servants. Shall I send for him?" "Mainly of a legacy bequeathed to my

-If you please," said the detective. wife, who was formerly Rose Mary Ste-

Akbar was summoned, entered the room P^f^^'^^ ^f J^^^^f- '^,^^:l"?^,' ?^ ^II"

with a salaam, and stood respectfully apart. ^»" ^''^?^^^ ^^^^ she should mhent the

He was questioned by his mistress as to Property m the event either of Jk^ oommg of

precisely what happened when the peon ^«« ^' marrymg. The business has been

called, and described the incident minutely »" ^^^ ^f ^f, ^^ solicitors, and mil very

and in a straightforward manner. He re- ^oon be finally settled,

peated tbe message delivered with the par- "And if your wife had died?"

eel without saying anything further. He "The property would have ^oae to the

was a poor-looking man, said Akbar— ap- next of kin."

parently one who would be willing to un- •'Michael?"

dertake any little commission that would "Yes."

bring him in a small sum of money. The detective nodded thoughtfully. After

"Which way did he go when he left?" a pause he said: —

asked the detective. "Who is your solicitor?"

"He turned to the left and went down "A Pairsee named Pestonji Dinshaw," re-

the road," said Akbar. He could furnish plied De Ga; "he is also an executor. A

no further information, and was according- relation named Anne Pennell is an execu-

ly dismissed from the discussion. trix."

"Who did you think had sent you this "When do you say the matter of the

cake?" asked the Sardar. legacy is to be finally adjusted?"

"I thought it had been sent by Michael, "On January 5th next."

as the messenger stated," answered Mr. De "Your brother Michael lives at Bandora?"

Ga. "It was wrapped in paper, but bore no "Yes."

inscription. Michael, as you know, denies "Has he any servants?"

all knowledge of the matter." "Yes; two."

"Have you the wrapper?" "Would they be known to your servant

"I am afraid it has been destroyed or Akbar?"

lost," said Mrs. De Ga, at which the Sar- "Yes, I think so."

dar allowed himself to be betrayed into "Sure?"

making a gesture of annoyance and impa- "Yes; unless my brother had changed

tience. his servants recently."

"Have you any of the cake left?" the de- Here Mrs. De Ga returned, and handed

tective asked. to the detective a small piece of cake on a

"Yes, I think there is a small portion," slip of paper. The Sardar looked closely

replied the lady. at it for a few moments ; then he wrapped it

"Will you please let me have it?" up and placed it in his pocket. A minute

Mrs. De Ga left the room to fetch it. or two after he took his leave.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 669

So far the mystery only seemed to deepen, was done, and the efforts of the police were
One of the first things to be done, if pos- eventually rewarded by the discovery of the
sible, was to discover the whereabouts of dead body of a coolie buried in a ditch. An
the coolie who had left the cake at Prospect examination revealed the fact that he had
Lodge, but search how they might the police been hit over the head with a club and that
failed to discover any trace of him, where- his throat had been afterwards cut, but he
upon the Sardar arrived at a practical con- was readily identified by the servant Akbar as
elusion. the man from whom he had received the cake.

"He has been murdered!" said he sig- This discovery, however, was of very little
rificantly; "murdered by, or by the orders practical value, inasmuch as, being dead,
of, the guilty per.son or persons, in order the poor fellow could tell no tales. No-

u^j.. ijyj Akbar could

ything concern-
im, and he ap-
1 to have been
those friendless
-human flotsam
e found in most
of the world;
le kind of man,
t, to be made
: of by a subtle
assin and, hav
served his pur-
pose, disposed
of without
trouble.

Meanwhile,
the remnants
of the cake, it
should be stat-
ed, having
been subject-
ed to analysis,
revealed tra-
ces of arsenic.
The police
were puzzled
I annoyed at
ir inability to
the bottom of so
I a crime, and a
I was offered

•' HE DESCRIBED THE INCIDENT MINUTELY AND IN A STRAIGHT- ^^^ Information that
FORWARD MANNER." would lead to the con-

viction of the criminal
that he may not turn up and give evi- or criminals; but time went by and no infor-
dence against them. We must search for mation was forthcoming. Just about this
the body!" period the Viceroy paid an official visit to

He then gave instructions to his subor- Bombay, and the excitement consequent up-
dinates to closely scrutinize all those on this function effectually drove the De Ga
place3 where the corpse of a murdered man case out of the public mind. The Sardar,
might be concealed, paying particular at- however, had not forgotten it, and with
tention to the nullahs (ravines). This dogged pertinacity continued his inquiries.

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670 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

On December 9,
Abdul AH received
a visit from a man
named AH Maho-
med Borah, who
made a sensational
statement. He stat-
ed that he was a
friend of the Parsee
solicitor, Pestonji
Dinshaw, who had
consulted him as
to the best method
of "removing" two
objectionable peo-
ple, asking if he
knew of anybody
who, for a consid-
eration, would un-
dertake the busi-
ness. He, Borah,
had suggested a
fakir named Kha-
kisha, who lived in
a bungalow a little
way out of the town,
in a thoroughfare
known as Third
Kamatipura Lane.
On the following
night, he told the

detective, he was to .. ^^^ efforts OF the police were eventually rewarded by
introduce Dinshaw the discovery of the dead body of a coolie.*

and a confederate

named Saccaram Raghoba to the fakir, "Do you know the bungalow where this
when the business would be discussed, meeting is to take place?"
Questioned as to why he had betrayed his "Yes; well," replied Borah,
"friend" in this manner, the informer re- Is it possible for us to hide inside so
plied that he was not exactly a friend, but that we may be able to overhear all that
only an acquaintance. He considered it a takes place without our presence being
duty, he added, virtuously, to inform the known to the others?"
authorities, and so prevent the consum- "Oh. yes," said Borah; "I could arrange
mation of a heinous crime. The Sardar, of that for you. I should suggest that you
course, knew that the reward had a good make your way secretly to the neighborhood
deal to do with Borah's action, but it was of the house, remain in hiding somewhere
not for him to grumble at the man's mo- near — there are plenty of thick bushes about
tives, so long as his information led to a — and then, when the coast is clear, enter
solution of the perplexing problem of the the house, and remain in the room ad join-
murders. He therefore acted promptly up- ing that in which the interview is to take
on the news he had received. Summoning place. I will make a point of going on
several of his officers, he imparted the ahead of the others, and will induce the
latest development of the De Ga case to fakir to quit the house for a few minutes,
them, and then proceeded to question so as to leave the coast clear for you to en-
Borah, ter; there is no one beside himself in the

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

671

place. Go straight through into an inner
room, in which is a small window looking
on to the compound. There you will be
safe, and able to hear all that is being said
in the adjoining room."

"Yes; that will do excellently," said the
Sardar, and his officers nodded assent

It puzzled the chief detective not a little
as to why the Parsee solicitor, Pestonji
EHnshaw, should be mixed up in such a
murderous business, but he shrewdly sur-
mised that perhaps Mr. De Ga had not told
all the facts concerning his wife's inherit-

their place of concealment among the
bushes they saw Borah arrive, and shortly
after leave the bungalow in company with
the fakir.

Having allowed sufficient time for the
two men to get clear of the house, the offi-
cers stole from their hiding-place and
stealthily entered the bungalow, at once
making their way to the inner room indi-
cated by Borah. It was a small house, not
remarkable for cleanliness, and the fakir ap-
parently lived entirely alone. The place
was almost destitute of furniture, being ex-

•HE CONSIDERLD IT A DUTY, HE ADDED, TO INFORM THE AUTHORITIES."

ance. However, for the present the ren-
dezvous was sufficient. It was arranged
that, besides the Sardar, there should be
present in the bungalow of the fakir Mr.
Vincent, a collector; Mir Akbar Ali, the
Sardar's father; Superintendent Mills; and
several police officers. They were to split up
into pairs and approach the bungalow by
different roads, all meeting at a certain spot
prior to effecting an entrance. Accordingly,
on the following night this part of the pro-
gram was safely accomplished, and from

clusively adorned by wierd and uncanny-
looking emblems associated with the prac-
tice of sorcery. The room they passed
through in order to reach the inner apart-
ment was indifferently Ughted by a small
lamp, and the opening between the two
rooms was masked by a heavy curtain. This
they drew on one side, entered the gloomy
inner room, and pulled the curtains back in-
to place. All that could be done now was
to wait patiently for the conspirators to
arrive, and accordingly the officers prepared

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

themselves for a long and silent vigil. It
was not a pleasant business, waiting there,
almost afraid to breathe, in that dark and
stuffy room, but a police officer's duty must
be done, whether it be pleasant or the re-
verse, and so they waited with what pa-
tience they could muster for the coming
of the plotters.
The chimes of the half hour after ten

approaching footsteps and voices. The
sound came nearer and nearer. It was the
conspirators at last ! Veterans as they were,
the detectives felt a little thrill of excite-
ment. Presently the new arrivals entered
the bungalow, and soon came into the ad-
joining room, whereupon the watchers grew
rigid with attention. From the sounds it
was evident that there were several persons,
but at first they spoke in subdued
"" " ' the

and

•THE OTHERS SWARMED INTO THE ROOM, HEADED BY THE SARDAR, WHO CALLED OUT,

•YOU ARE MY PRISONERS!' "

had died away, but still the conspirators did
not arrive. A quarter to eleven, and no
conspirators ! The officers began to chafe at
the inaction, suspecting that some trick had
been played them. Eleven o'clock! The
chimes had scarcely finished when the little
party in the bungalow heard the sound of

"What service is it you desire of me?"
asked the fakir, solemnly.

"I am informed," said another voice —
clearly that of a younger man, probably
Dinshaw, the solicitor — "that you have the
power to visit death upon whomsoever you
choose. There are certain persons whom

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 673

it IS expedient to my interests should dis- He then produced his warrant and ex-
appear. Does your power go so far? I am plained the nature of the charge. All the
willing to pay handsomely for such service." conspirators were too dumfounded to utter

''What are these people," said the old man, a word, and were handcuffed and removed

after a pause, "whom you wish removed?" in custody — all, that is, save Borah, whom

"They are Kristees" (Christians). the officers purposely allowed to escape.

"Their names?" The next step taken by the Sardar was to

"De Ga." pay Mr. De Ga a further visit and request

Here the voices became indistinct, but that gentleman to give him a full and par-

presently grew louder again. ticular account of his dealings with the so-

"It must be done by sorcery," said Din- licitor, Dinshaw. This revealed the follow-

shaw, emphatically. ing facts: De Ga had taken proceedings

"Poison is oflFensive to the sheth" (so- against Dinshaw, as executor for his wife's

licitor), explained a third person. The property, in order to remove the business

voice was not that of Borah, so it must from his hands. This the solicitor strenu-

have been the confederate Raghoba speak- ously objected to. The plaint was filed in

ing. October, 1872, and a rule granted on No-

"Cannot you visit them with a fatal ill- vember 4th. The solicitor tried to com-
ness ?" asked Dinshaw, eagerly. "I do not promise, and offered to make over ten thou-
Hke poison, as my friend says. It is not sand rupees in cash and a house of the
to be 'relied on, is dangerous to those who value of eight thousand rupees in full settle-
seek its aid, and sometimes miscarries in its ment, but this was declined by the De Gas.
purpose. It must be done by sorcery, old Then Dinshaw made a further offer to pay
man. Look here, I will make a proposal to twelve thousand rupees and tlie house
you. On the day that these people fall sick aforesaid in a month from December 5th,
1 will give you five hundred rupees, and if and this was accepted,
they are dead within three days I will give In the meantime it was clear that the
you a further two thousand rupees. What villainous Dinshaw had endeavored to en-
say you ?" compass the deaths of the legatees, in order

There ensued a pause of some seconds* ^^ be rid of his responsibility to find the

duration, during which there reigned a money. Curiously enough, his first attempt

profound silence. Then the old man to destroy his former clients— conceived

spQl^e with fiendish ingenuity so as to throw sus-

"I must consult my book of divination." P'"°" "P°" ^"^. °^ °t''" "* ^^'- ^ ^^a's

he said, and it is also necessary that I brothers-had m.scarr.ed on account of the

should see these people." ^ ^t' ^^^T'*^' u ^ad saved the.r

. , , hves, but had been the cause of the deaths

"Venr well, said the solicitor, quickly, ^^ ^^^^^^j ^^j^^^ p^^pj^ ^ ^jjj ^^ „^^^^

"you shall. You shall be taken tomorrow ^j,^^ ^^^ ^„^, 3,tti,^ent was to be made

morning at eleven o'clock and see them. ^^^ ^^^^j^ ^^^^ December 5th, and it was

But. mind, this business must be commenced ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^„^h that Borah made

within twenty-four hours, after which my j^j^ communication to the police.

offer does not hold good. j^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^j^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ j^^^j^^

The voices again subsided. The Sardar, Bayley, and caused considerable sensation,

turning to his assistants, whispered that The solicitor ai;d his confederate were

they had heard enough, and that the mo- charged with conspiracy, and on this count

ment for action had arrived. Accordingly, they were sentenced to seven years* rigor-

with the swiftness of thought, one of the qus imprisonment.

officers flung aside the curtain and darted jhere is no doubt that the mysterious in-

across tne outer room to the door, thus dividual in the ample robes, who stood at

barring the exit. Simultaneously the others ^^e corner of the street while the mendicant

swarmed into the room, headed by the Sar- ^^^ the native, who were hired assassins,

dar, who called out :— followed the unfortunate coolie, was Din-

**You are my prisoners!" shaw in disguise.

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674 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The fakir could not be charged with any hoba died in prison. And so ended the
offense, as he had not consented to any- tragedy of the De Ga inheritance. — H, L.
thing, so he was eventually released. Rag- Adam, in The Wide IV or Id Magazine.

China And Japan — How They Differ.

ALFRED I. HART.

American Industries,

|HE methods employed in the ex- quantity of American cigarettes and to-
port and import trade with bacco under the five per cent ad valorem
China and Japan differ greatly duty and held it until the 100 per cent duty
from existing conditions with became effective. When this stock was of-
other countries. fered for sale to the largest native importer

All business in connection with exports or dealer at a price with only a slight pro-
and imports from Japan are conducted at portion of the new duty added to the cost,
the three ports ©i Yokohama, Kobe and this dealer in turn made an offer naming
Nagasaki, at which places nearly all nation- the exact quantity held in the warehouse
alities are represented with local merchan- and at a price corresponding with cost f. o.
dising firms. b. New York. This acquaintance with my

The foreign merchant in Japan is little home price aroused my suspicion, but imag-
more than a commission or indent merchant ine my surprise when each of the remaining
and seldom imports on his own account, wholesale dealers in the country offered
but only orders such goods as may have exactly the same price and named the ex-
been sold through samples to the native act quantity of stock I held and in keeping
merchant. These merchants are dependent with the offer of the first dealer with whom
upon the intermediary efforts of their "ban- I attempted to effect business. My banto
tos" or native clerks and are completely at had given copy of my invoice to one native
the mercy of these employes. Outside of dealer, and he in turn created a "trust,"
the port towns mentioned comparatively and each party of this combination agreed
few Japanese speak English, and it is quite that if I sacrificed this stock to anyone of
unusual to find any one of the 4,000 foreign them, that they would equally divide the
residents of the country who have sufficient quantity among themselves,
knowledge of the Japanese language to The foreign merchants in Japan generally
conduct business negotiations without the import merchandise on a basis of two and
assistance of an interpreter; therefore the one-half per cent commission on the home:
position of the banto is an ideal one for cost of such goods ordered of them, and
the unscrupulous native, especially since it few of these local merchants will make ai
is necessary for the foreign merchant or contract or accept an order from a Japan-
salesman to familiarize them with all de- ese dealer, irrespective of his financial i
tails of a business proposition. standing, unless twenty-five per cent, which!

As a demonstration of the trickery of the is termed "bargain money," is deposited as
average banto the writer may cite a few soon as an order or contract is signed, and
personal experiences during his residence never do they surrender goods until full
in Japan. Prior to the revision of the Jap- payment is covered by the native,
anese tariffs in 1898, a duty of five per cent None of our large importers of Japanese
ad valorem existed on nearly all products, merchandise deals directly with the native
but specific tariffs became effective and one manufacturers, and in recent years these
hundred per cent was placed on tobacco who have attempted to do away with the
in the leaf and in its manufactured form, middleman and inaugurate direct transac-
As a speculation the writer imported a vast tions have paid dearly for their experience.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL, 676

Most of our large import houses who deal the 'foreign devil,' and 'keto jin/ or 'hairy

in Japanese wares send their buyers to foreigner/ I will mi^ke all machines I want,

Japan to select their goods, but the ship- as I have one and from that model it is easy

ment and inspection of them are generally to build others."

placed in the hands of established foreign Nearly all foreign commerce of China is

firms, who find it necessary to most care- confined to the ports of Shanghai and

fully inspect and check every article before Hong-Kong, the former being the distribut-

sending forward. ing center for the northern provinces, and

The Japanese have no respect whatever the latter port supplying the southern prov-

for patent rights, nor does their govern- inces. As in Japan, foreign merchants of

ment oflFer much protection to foreign in- nearly all nationalities operate at the sev-

ventive genius. The writer sold a valuable eral ports and act as the exporters and im-

cigarette-making machine to a Japanese at porters for the native firms.

THE FAMINE IN CHINA.

Tho great famine In Chira has thus far demanded thousands of lives and the relief sent to the stricken dis-
tricts has only in part relieved the people from the horrors of starvation and disease. In a country where milllors
of fatalities are not regaroed as they would be in almost any other land, the terrible ravages of disease and death
are not shown to the world in tho same terrible light.

$5,000, and within a few months after the The "compradore" occupies a similar po-

machine was in operation the Japanese ex- sition with the foreign merchants in China

tended an order for three additional ma- to that of the banto in Japan, with the im-

chines, but stated he would not pay more portant difference, however, that although

than $10,000 for the number named, or, in in the capacity of an employe selling to the

other words, offered $5,000 less than the r.ative trade, the "compradore" frequently

actual price. The offer was flatly declined finances the foreign firm by whom he is

with the remark, "Shikata ga nai," or in employed and has a share in the general

our parlance, "Nothing doing," and with profits of the business,

this the Jap frankly stated through my Generally speaking, the Chinese mer-

banto, "Tell 'injun san,' or in other words chants are thoroughly responsible in their

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

transactions with foreigners. Foreign mer-
chants in Shanghai and Hong-Kong have
no hesitancy whatever in executing orders
for their native customers without other se-
curity than a "chop-chop/' or signed order,
as a Chinaman's word or obligation is al-
ways good. The Chinese merchant abhors
everything in business transactions which
he may determine as "no ploper" and the
foreigner who resorts to "tricks of trade"
is comercially doomed by these people. The
Chinese merchants are more dignified and
much quicker to grasp a business proposi-
tion than the Japanese, and it is an easy
matter for the foreigner acquainted with
the vernacular "pidgin English" to dispense
with the services of an interpreter. "Pid-
gin" is a most terse and expressive lan-
guage in itself. The writer in personally
offering some American goods to a large

native merchant, began to give him infor-
mation as to the cost and other details. The
Chinaman abruptly interrupted the conver-
sation with the remark, "Walkee cargo,
sleepy cargo?" which, interpreted, meant,
"Is the cargo on the way, or is it in the
warehouse here?" When it was explained
the shipment was en route, the negotiations
were satisfactorily ended by the Chinaman's
further terse remark, "Can do" (will buy),
which words delight the heart of the com-
mercial missionary seeking business among
the Chinese.

Whatever may be the fault of the Chinese
as a nation, it is conceded by all foreign
residents, with general experience in the
Orient, that intellectually and in commer-
cial morality these people are far superior
to all other Asiatic races.

How To Sleep.

IESTERDAY a friend who had
heard that I sometimes suffer
from insomnia told me of a sure
cure," says Good Health Clinic.
"Eat a pint of peanuts and drink two or
three glasses of milk before going to bed,"
said he, "and I'll warrant you'll be asleep
within half an hour." I did as he suggested,
and now for the benefit of others who may
be afflicted with insomnia, I feel it to be my
duty to report what happened, so far as I
am able this morning to recall the details.
First let me say, my friend was right. I
did go to sleep very soon after my retire-
ment. Then a friend with his head under
his arm came along and asked me if I
wanted to buy his feet. I was negotiating
with him, -when the dragon on which I was
riding, slipped out of his skin and left me

floating in midair. While I was consider-
ing how I should get down, a bull with two
heads, peered over the edge of the well
and said he would haul me up if I would
first climb up and rig a windlass for him.
So as I was sliding down the mountain-side
the brakeman came in, and' I asked him
when the train would reach my station. "We
passed your station four hundred years
ago," he said, calmly folding the train up
and slipping it into his vest pocket.

At this juncture the clown bounded into
the ring and pulled the center pole out of
the ground, lifting the tent and all the
people in it up, up, up, while I stood on the
earth below watching myself go out of
sight among the clouds above.

Then I awoke and found that I had been
asleep almost ten minutes.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL. 677

Safety Appliances — Violations.

FROM AN ADDRESS BY HON. E. A. MOSELEY, SEC\. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION.

JHE charge has been made and defects are promptly repaired and the cars
reiterated that because of its again sent forward. There is no juggling
unnecessary severity in enforc- of cars back and forth, and no piling up of
ing the Safety Appliance Law trackage and per diem on account of pen-
the Interstate Commerce Commission is alty defects. I do not believe an inspector
largely responsible for the car shortage, would take chances on treating penalty de-
and I want to refute that charge. I have feet cars in that manner. He would fear

JOINT O. R. C & B. R. T.. GENERAL COMMITTEE. C & E. 1. RY.

Top Row:-C. C. Allen. B. R. T.. 675; F. W. Morgan, B. R. T.. 23 1 : E. W. Ufebef. B. R. T.. 760:
Earl Fread. O. R. C. DIv. 409: T. W. Davies. O. R. C. Div. 92. Bottom Row:— J. A. Cain, B. R. T.,
647; John Britt. B. R. T.. 583: R. L. McLemore, O. R. C, DIv. 127; F. C Hurst. O. R. C. Div. 1.

never yet heard of a car being held up and that if he did so his road might be called
juggled back and forth between two roads upon to pay penalties in addition to track-
on account of safety appliance defects for age and per diem and he would be asked
which neither road cared to assume respon- by his superiors for an explanation that
sibility. Such work as that occurs only in might be hard for him to make. Besides,
the case of M. C. B. defects that are clearly penalty defects are easily, quickly and
provided for by the rules of interchange. It cheaply repaired, and there is positively no
is true that cars are frequently sent back reason why cars should be unnecessarily
for penalty defects, but in all such cases the delayed on account of them. As a matter

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678 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

of fact, if all M. C B. defects were covered The expressed determination of the courts

by the Safety Appliance Law there would is to uphold the law, and through the nu-

be much less complaint about delay to cars merous opinions that have been filed its

at terminals than there is now and the interpretation in practically all essential

trackage and per diem charges would not particulars has been clearly established,

mount up so fast. With knowledge that The uniform success that has attended

the handling of cars with those defects laid prosecutions is a matter of gratification to

the roads liable to a penalty would come an the Commission, and demonstrates the care

adequate system for promptly and efficient- which our inspectors have taken to secure

ly repairing them. correct information and the high character

Neither is it true that the Commission of the testimony they have furnished in
has exercised undue severity in its enforce- court. In a case decided less than a fort-
ment of this law. Copies of our inspection night past a judge from the bench paid a
reports are regularly sent to the managing high compliment to two of our inspectors
officers of all roads, so that they may note for their intelligence, and the lucid testi-
the condition of equipment as found by us mony they furnished on the witness stand,
at regular intervals and observe whether Out of prosecutions for 927 violations of
improvement or the reverse has taken the statute to date, adverse decisions, in-
place.^ We have never yet entered suit volving four penalties, have been rendered
without giving fair warning and ample op- in but one court. These cases are now
portunity to correct any unfavorable condi- pending on appeal to the circuit court of
tion that was shown to exist. It is not the appeals for the eighth circuit. 428 cases
purpose of the Commission to enter into a are now on the trial dockets, and penalties
crusade for the collection of-^j^enalties, and have been paid for 350 violations,
its inspectors are instructed to use the ut- Of the various defects constituting the
most care and circumspection in filing re- basis of prosecution, inoperative uncoup-
ports of violations. They have been im- ling mechanism constitutes a large majority,
pressed with the idea that the purpose of There are 672 cases of this character. In
the statute is what we are seeking to ob- 22 cases the chain had become kinked and
tain, and not the imposition of penalties, wedged in the body of the coupler, thus
The Commission has always discouraged rendering it impossible to lift the lock
the idea that the measure of an inspector's block. In 92 cases the lock block was either
efficiency is the number of violations he broken or missing. In 5 cases the chain
may file against carriers, and it is a mat- connecting the lock block to the lever was
ter of supreme satisfaction both to the too long, rendering it impossible to lift the
Commission and its inspectors when the lock block. In 76 cases the lever was miss-
ends of the statute can be obtained with- ing. In 23 cases the lever was broken. In
out prosecutions. I think I may safely say 433 cases the uncoupling chain was discon-
that the members of this Association have nected from the lock block, caused by
had sufficient experience in dealing with the broken links in chain, broken or missing
Commission to know that carriers who are clevis or missing clevis pins. There were
honestly and conscientiously endeavoring to 15 cases of link and pin coupler; 21 of in-
comply with the law have no reason to operative driving wheel brakes on locomo-
complain that the Commission is unduly tives; 6G cases of failure to have the re-
severe in its enforcement. We have no quired percentage of air brakes; 2 broken
wish to collect penalties. It would greatly couplers; 102 missing or' insecure grab
please the Commission were its inspectors irons; 21 cases of draw bars either greater
able to report perfect conditions on all or less than the standard height, and 27
roads, and it is hoped that the members of cases of cars without couplers fastened to-
this Association may in the near future gether with chains.

bring about such good conditions of equip- The most striking thing about these cases

ment that prosecutions may practically is that in many instances carriers have paid

^^^^^- out hundreds of dollars in ^penalties which

But there will be no slackening of effort, could have been entirely avoided by the ex-

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EAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 679

LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN INCLINE.

This rcMid Is 4.750 feet long: steepest grade 67 feet to 100: average grade 33 feet to 100. This is one of the

longest incline cable roads In America, and was erected at a cost of $100,000.

The terminus is directly in front of the Lookout Inn.

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680 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

penditure of a few cents in labor and ma- it would appear that the government has a
terials for ^;epairs. One road paid $1,400 right to recover penalties for any and all
for defects that could have been repaired movements whatsoever of defective equip-
at a cost of $6.45 ; another paid $1,300 for ment. As the employe does not assume the
defects that could have been repaired for risk attending the movement of equipment
$2.45 ; another paid $600 for defects that 80 not complying with the requirements of the
cents would have fixed; another paid $300 law even to a repair point, such risk must
which could have been avoided by the ex- be borne by the carrier and not by the em-
penditure of 15 cents. In four typical cases, ploye.

$4,900 would have been saved hi the ex- Complaints continue numerous respecting
penditure of $11.97; $4,200 by $8.53; $3,100 the bad condition of hand brakes. With
by $7.80, and $2,900 by $2.35. A total of the rapid increase in the use of air the hand
282 violations, involving fines amounting to brake has been neglected, and I cannot too
$28,200, could have been avoided by the ex- strongely urge that more attention be paid
penditure of $68.03, or an average cost per to its condition. The hand brake is called
violation of 24 cents. These estimates have into use to a greater or less extent to in-
been made with considerable care from the sure the control of trains in cases of emer-
scale of prices furnished by this Association, gency and in special conditions of service.
They seem to indicate beyond any question jt is also necessary to use it when setting
of doubt that it is cheaper to repair safety out cars along the road, and in switching
appliances than to ,||jr penalties. movements, especially in gravity yards.

There is still ^considerable complaint Many employes have suffered serious in-
about unnecessary handling of chained up juries in gravity yards because of defective
cars, and the Commission has often been hand brakes, and to this cause may be at-
appealed to for a ruling as to a carrier's tributed much of the damage to cars and
liability for handling cars in this condi- their contents which is commonly laid to
tion. It is sufficient to say on this point rough usage or carelessness in switching,
that the Commission has no power to modi- Our inspectors still find many hand brakes
fy the terms of the statute in any particu- working opposite to the air brakes. This is
lar. Carriers must in all cases judge for extremely dangerous and it has been so re-
themselves whether or not a particular act peatedly condemned that it is somewhat
is in violation of the law. There is now surprising to find such a condition existing
such a large body of court decisions to re>- in any degree at this time,
fer to that little difficulty should be experi- There is still much to be accomplished in
enced in arriving at a correct understanding the direction of securing uniform compli-
of a carrier's rights under the law in most ance with the Association's standards. Rec-
cases that may chance to arise. The move- cgnizing the need of uniformity, the Com-
ment of chained up cars has been declared mission has endorsed your standards and
unlawful by Judges McPherson, Wolver- endeavored to uphold them in every pos-
ton, Trieber and McCall. The substance sible way. Its attitude has practically given
of the holding of these four judges is that your standards for the protection of train-
the carriers of the country cannot localize men the force of law. In view of thjs con-
all repairs at one shop of their entire sys- dition it seems as though it should be a
tem, but that they must have men and ma- matter of pride with every member to ad-
terial which can make all these safety ap- here strictly to the standards which have
pliance repairs wherever there is any likeli- been agreed to after the most careful con-
hood of defects occurring. As Judge Pur- sideration. But we find many cases where
nell said in his decision in the Atlantic individuals have adopted their own ideas of
Coast Line case that "The United States is equipment, in opposition to standards, al-
entitled to recover the statutory penalty for though employed by members of this Asso-
violation of the Federal Safety Appliance ciation who have signified their approval of
Act under all circumstances where an in- those standards. This lack of uniformity
jured employe has under that statute the is particularly noticeable with respect to the
benefit of denial of 'assumption of risk,* ** application of grab irons. In many cases

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 681

LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, TENNESSEE INCLINE RAILWAY.

Lookout Mountain is reached by way of an inclino nearly one mile in length and which in one place shown hero«

has a grade of 76%. The view from the top of the mountain is one of the finest in

America and from it one can look out over seven states.

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G82 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the practice seems to be to stick them on ter of the cars on which they exist, and

any old way, just so they are got onto the what has been previously pointed out with

car, and it is not unusual t4^nd grab irons respect to the cost of repairs as compared

applied differently on oppose ends of the with the penalties paid in court may tend

same car. Uniformity in w^e matters is to convince carriers that an adequate repair

greatly to be desired. It M\oi more im- force at all points is a measure of actual

portance than the comparatw merit of dif- economy.

ferent devices or methods»f application. The tendency of federal legislation is to
Conceding that a particular method advo- increase the financial responsibility of car-
cated by an individual may be, considered riers for personal injury to their employes,
by itself, superior to the standard in point This was attempted in the Safety Appliance
of both safety and convenience, still it can- Law by providing two penalties for its vio-
not be approved if it destroys uniformity, lation, first a direct penalty of $100 set
What trainmen want is uniform application, forth in Section 6, and, second, an indirect
They want to know, when they attempt to penalty involved in the denial of the de-
use a grab iron, a sill step, ladder or un- fense of assumption of risk as contained in
coupling lever on any car, that they will Section 8 of the law. By the terms of this
find the device in the same location, and ap- law, the government in effect said to the
plied in the same manner as they would railroads: "Here are certain standards of
expect to find it on every other car of the equipment which you must maintain; you
same class. This is especially important must use car couplers that can be coupled
for the protection of men in switching cars and uncoupled without the necessity of men
at night, particularly in gravity yards and going between the ends of the cars and
terminals where large numbers of cars are and which are maintained at certain height ;
handled with the greatest possible dispatch, you must equip your locomotives with
In some portions of the western territory power driving wheel brakes and appliances
our inspectors have observed that in re- for operating the train brake system; you
pairing safety appliance defects preference is must apply secure grab irons to the sides
given to penalty and per diem cars — that is, and ends of all cars, and you must have a
equipment of other roads. This, of course, certain percentage of the cars in every train
is for the purpose of facilitating the move- equipped with power brakes in an operative
ment of such equipment to avoid trackage condition so that the engineer of the loco-
and per diem charges, but it frequently re- motive haulirg such train can control its
suits, in places where the repair force is speed without requiring brakemen to use
limited, in the neglect of other equipment the common hand brake for that purpose,
and such other equipment is handled about Failure to observe any one of these require-
yards, delivered to industries and inter- ments will subject you to a penalty of one
change tracks, and sometimes permitted to hundred dollars, and in addition ^hereto, if
go forward in trains with safety appliances an employe is injured or killed through the
in defective condition. The remedy for this use of equipment in violation of law, you
appears to be increase in the repair force to cannot avail yourselves of the common law
a point that will permit of prompt repair to defense of assumed risk to avoi4 financial
all defects without reference to the charac- responsibility therefor."

Topics Of Railroad Interest Fifty Years Ago.

The oponine of the Ohio and Missfsstppt Railroad, which completed the chain of rail communication between the
Atlantic coast and the Ohio yalley, was celebrated with great enthusiasm in the city of Cincinnati on June 3d, 1657,
and several succeeding days. The invited guests were chiefly from the South and Southwest, and they were re-
ceived at Chillicothe by a committee of Cincinnati citizens. On their arrival in the city Itself the mayor and promi-
nent citizens, attended by military escorts, welcomed them again. The first day of the celebration was opened by
the firing of cannon, and there was a procession in which State and city dignitaries, school children, soldiers, and
members of civic organizations were marshaled to give expression to the delight felt by the city in the Inauguration
of an era of great commercial activity. Conspicuous among the paraders were the numbers of the Cincinnati fire
department, one of whos<^ old-style engines Is shown in our illustration. Bjf Courtesy of Leslies IVeekiy, Copy^
f ight Judge Company 1907

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CELEBRATION COMMITTEE EXTENDING OFFICIAL COURTESIES TO ARRIVALS IN

CINCINNATI FROM THE WESTERN STATES

(By OoortMT of LMlit't WmU^, Copyright Jodgo Oompany 1907)

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

685

The Stage Driver's Proxy.

BY CLOUDESLEY JOHNS.

Saxby's Magazine,

|E will come."

"Well, why doesn't he, then?
It's all right to say he'll come,
but I want to see him do it."

"You can't expect the stage to be always
on time in a country like this. It's been
late many a time, even since Bob had it;
but when Bob Marvin brings her in late
it's when no one else could get her here at
all. Last winter, when the bridge over Cin-
namon River went down, Bob came ftfefcine
hours behind time, and apologized for being
late.

" *Where's your leaders ?' asked the post-
master, for Bob came into town with only
four. 'Dead beat,* says Bob. *I had to leave
'em.' *How'd that happen?* asks another.
'Cinnamon River bridge gone.*

"I tell you, sir, we wouldn't have believed
another man on earth but Bob. You've
seen the river where the bridge crosses, and
you know how high the water*d have to be.
For more than fiften miles each way from
the Iridge it's just that way, the banks, and
there's no place where it's less'n four or
five feet on the far side from here, at flood
, time. And as for the river, it ain't nothin'
now to what it is then.

"*How*d you cross, then?' I asked him.
'Swum, by God!* says Bob. 'But the bank?'
' 'Tain't but about four feet now at Hus-
ton's, on the far side, an' none at all on
this side.' 'Huston's?' 'Yes; that's why
I'm late.'

"You see, Mr. Mayfield, Huston's ranch
is more than fifteen mile^ down the rivir
from the bridge, and no road. Think Bob'll
come through tonight?"

"But, great heavens! hasn't he got sense
enough to turn back from a thing like that
when he's got passengers — women?"

''I don't want to scare you about thr.t girl
of yours, sir, but if she's on the stage now,
you'll see her before midnight, and I'll bet
on it. Bob'll not turn back for anything;
but he's safer than most, just the same, for
hell come through when another driver'd

turn back and then wreck the stage any-
how."

George Mayfield was in Hazard's Camp
beca\ise he owned mines there; his daugh-
ter was coming chiefly because she very
much wanted to, and partly because her fa-
ther desired it. Now the stage he expected
her by was already half an hour late, and
Mayfipld was growing anxious. The ac-
coui^^he had just listened to did not make
him f^l more comfortable, either.

The men grouped about the Hazard's
Camp postoffice and store were not excited.
It was unusual for the stage to be late in
summer, to be sure; but, then, it was Bob
Marvin who was driving and he would
come through.

Now and then the postmaster — store-
keeper, banker, and many other things, all
in one — came out with a lantern, and, hold-
ing it high above his head, looked down
the road by which the stage would come,
listening for the hoof beats of the horses.

An hour after her time, and the stage not
in yet. The postmaster*s face looked pale
in the light of his lantern. He and May-
field were restless and excited; the others,
too, had begun to grow uneasy.

"Boys*.* — the postmaster's voice was a
little unsteady— -"you've got to ride to meet
her. Something's happened."

"Naw, Bob's all right. She'll be here
d'rectly."

"There's nothing to stop her this weath-
er— nothing only just one thing."

The postmaster spoke with visible effort.

"What's that?"

"Bob carries five thousand in coin to-
night."

For an instant no sound came from
the crowd in front of the postoflice; then,
with a guttural growl, it surged toward the
stables, but stopped suddenly, perfectly
quiet again. In Hazard's Camp the silence
was absolute, except for the stamping of
the horses in the stables, but from far down
the rock road came faintly the rapid beat

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 687

of iron-shod hoofs galloping upon the stances as the present — and be did not
stone. dream, that she was laughing at him.

"Driving like the deuce!" muttered one. "Ever drive horses?" he asked.

Louder and clearer came the sound of "^^„' y«' °^'"y !'"' T" 1° Z^7 "'

the galloping horses and the rumble of the °""'. *^« responded, looking doubtful y at

, , .L ^ J T-i. -. the SIX fiery animals ; yet she took the lines

wheels on the stony road. There was ,.f,, .

, , . ^ • au * r « as he handed them to her, and drove the

hushed expectancy in the town, for even . . ....

D u ** J* J ^ f* J • II *u * SIX for a time m silence. She was watchirg

Bob Marvin did not often drive like that. , , , . *

.,.,,,. J • / the horses, and trying to appear uncon-

At last the stage appeared, swaying fear- , \ e ,.,

/ II r .1 ^ A u w A 4.U ' «i.,«« scious of the fact that he was watching

fully from side to side behind the six plung- *

ing horses, and a ringing cheer went up . ' . ,. ,, ,

t ^u A Tu 4,u A ' 4.^ A There are too many lines, she said,

from the crowd. Then, as the driver stood , *. , , , , \ . ,.

, . / u 1 * : ' 4,u ^ A presently; they are hard to hold,

up, leaning far back to rein m the mad- ..^r • , ,,.,.,

. J . ^t. . J J • Not many girls could hold them at all,

dened horses, the cheer ended in a gasp ^ ,- r . » ^m .,

, A J -1 r II • t^ say nothing of the team. Marvin would

of amazement, and silence fell again on , "^ . * , . .

TT A* c ^^^ ^^^ sorry to see his horses con-

^ ^ ^ ^ trolled by a girl if the girl herself had

When Bob Marvin, stage driver, left ^r^ . ,.'.».
TT • /-•* ^u r T I oo u Drive the leaders, he said, separating

Union City on the morning of July 23, he . ,. ... , , . .r

r 1^ II I 4 J Tu 4 u the two lines and taking the rest himself,

felt unusually elated. There was not much ^ •, . ... . .

Ten miles almost in silence, and then,

excitement in driving a stage in summer;

no washouts, no floods, no snowdrifts — no ...^ i t ...

. «,,.,,,. T, ,, ^ Do you know what you re sitting on,

fun. So thought Marvin. Today, however, ... ^ _.,,.„

suddenly :

he was to carry coin to the amount of five

Miss Mayfield?"

. J.I, J t A "What I am sitting on?"

thousand dollars, and a young lady— a very ac: » t-u i. i . ,

^ •, \ u u \. i u Five—' Then he remembered the two

pretty young lady, who, best of all, pre- _ •.!.«.. ...

t A A- :i u passengers inside the stage, and his voice

f erred riding on the box. ^„„u * u- ♦*?-• .t. j j »

** sank to a whisper: "Five thousand dol-

"Don't you think you'll be lonely out in j^rs."

the camp?" asked the driver, presently. ..y^s?" ^he whispered. "And they have

His companion laughed. "Are you?" she you take it through alone?"

queried, in reply. "No one knows it."

"No, I ain't; but— well, should think "Oh, yes; I do."

you'd be." "No one else but one man in Hazard's

"Yes? Why, I've been longing to live in Camp and two in Union, besides us" — the

a mining camp for years." "us" being accented slightly.

, "But you don't know how it is yet, and "Don't you know it is dangerous to tell

you mayn't like it." There was unques- such things to a woman, Mr. Marvin?"

tionable anxiety in the voice, and the girl "I wouldn't to any — " he stopped, appar-

looked at Marvin mischievously. ently uncomfortable.

"Oh, don't I, indeed? I know it well; "We stop in— what is the place? Sup-
but I've always had to go back to school, posing I should speak of it there?"
I'm not going back this time; I'm going to "I ain't afraid."
stay in Hazard's Camp." At Dwyer Station, which the stage

A few moments of silence. Marvin was reached at three o'clock, they stopped for

apparently thinking of something pleasant, dinner, and changed horses. The other

for he smiled, and the lines hung slack in two passengers went no farther,

his hands. The girl watched him with "You'd better ride inside, Miss Mayfield."

laughing eyes, as if she divined his suggested Marvin, when they were about to

thoughts. As he turned to her again the start.

amused expression faded suddenly from Miss Mayfield shook her head, smiling,

her face, and she became suspiciously de- "No; I would rather ride on" — she flashed

mure; but Marvin was not suspicious by a laughing glance at him — "on top."

nature — at least, not under such circum- Marvin lifted her up, and

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688 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

follow, when he was hailed by the man "Then, there's no danger, and Til stay

who had the care of the stage horses at here."

Dwyer Station : "Might not be where I think. Might run

"Bob, this tug's too low; look at it." onto *em."

Marvin, from where he was, could see . "Then you'd have to fight them, and you

that the tug was right, and he wondered couldn't drive."

what was up. He stepped close to the man, "If you stay up here I'll just have to

and leaned over as if to shorten it. give up to 'em if they jump me," said Mar-

"You carry coin. Bob — heard 'em talkin* vin, plaintively,

about it last night. Nine — four here, five "You won't do any such thing."

gone on — horseback — in that pine-tree bend, "You must get down."

likely. Don't give me away — there's only "Well, I won't."

three of us here, you know." Marvin was in a quandry. He could

Marvin swung himself to the box, taking easily lift the girl to the ground and put

the lines from Miss Mayfield. her in the stage, but that — no, it wasnH to

"Quick," he whispered; "stand up; say be thought of. He threw the brake and

you're sick, or something. You must stay drove on.

here." Half an hour after dark, when within

"Why?" six miles from the point where the road

"They're onto the coin. Quick, now! I curved around through a thick grove of

must start — some of the fellers here." pines, the stage swung out of the road, and

"I'm going on." went bounding and swaying over rocks and

There was no time for argument, and brush,

perhaps Marvin was not inclined to oppose "We'll be 'way late," said Marvin, dis-

Miss Mayfield's intention; at any rate, his mally.

yell to the horses was peculiar; it might The girl laughed.

have been a cry of delight and approval. "But it don't matter," added Marvin,

Miss Mayfield smiled, but she was not more cheerfully.

laughing at him. The brake flew back, the When nearly to the river the stage
long lash curled in the air and snapped turned back into the road,
above the leaders' backs, and the stage "Beat the brutes, by — er, thunder!" ex-
started with a jerk. claimed Marvin, as his leaders went on the

Eight miles from Dwyer Station, Marvin bridge. Then he pulled the team up short,

drew up. drawing in his breath sharply.

"You must ride inside," he said. "They've heard us," he said slowly;

"Why must I ?" "they're coming!"

"They're going to try holding up the "Can't we beat them?" cried the girl,

stage." "They're on horseback."

"So I supposed." "Cut down the bridge!"

"Well, I think I know where they are, Marvin looked from the bridge to Miss

and if they're there, we won't run into 'em Mayfield, smiling.

till about eight ; but maybe they're closer. "Throw out the box !" She stood up, and

Get inside, and soon as they shoot, lie tried to raise the seat to drag the treasure

down." box from underneath.

"How many are there, do you know?" "Hold the lines a minute, grirV said Mar-

"Five." vin.

"You can't fight five men, and you on "What are you going to do?"

top, in plain sight ; you must go back." "Hold the lines a minute," he cried, im-

"I won't go back. Anyhow, there's four patiently,

of 'em there, and I'd have to fight 'em She took the lines; then Marvin laid his

alone. Besides, I ain't going to fight these revolver on the seat, grabbed his rifle, and

fellers in front if I can git out of it." leaped clear of the wheel to the groimd.

"How?" "Now, girl, drive, and drive like hell;

"Go round 'em." some of them will follow SO^.'L^^T^

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689

"I won't!** she cried.

"By God, you will! G'up, Fox— Bud!"
He fired over the backs of the horses, and
they broke into a run across the bridge.

The girl tried to hold in the frightened
horses, but they ran on. She turned to look
back; Marvin was not in sight. The stage
had swung out in the brush, and now she
turned the horses back into the road. She
kept them there, and her eyes fixed stead-
ily upon them. Rigid she sat, and breath-
less, moving only with the swaying of the
stage. On went the flying team. Then,
from far back, came the sound of a rifle
shot The girl shivered as if the ball had
gone through her, but she made no sound.
Rapid firing for a moment, and then the
sound of hoof beats on the planking of the
bridge. Then she stood up, silent still, and
lashed the team into a harder run. Mile
after mile, with the stage rocking and
plunging, and still she whirled the long
whip, reaching as many of the horses as she
could. Behind her at times she could hear
the hoof beats on the rock road.

The stage passed over a ridge and went
tearing down the farther slope. The driver
looked back and saw her pursuers sil-
houetted blackly against the stars as they
topped the rise; there were two of them.

Two miles further the girl heard the
horses running close behind, and a shot
whistled over the stage. The lines were

tied to the seat, and she dropped them, let-
ting the team go as it would. Turning she
held the revolver in both hands, aiming
deliberately, and fired six shots at the rid-
ers. She was unarmed now, but they did
not know, and they stopped. The team
dashed on.

At last the lights of Hazard's Camp came
in sight, and the horses ran slower, till in
front of the store the driver, leaning far
back, throwing all her weight on the lines,
brought the team to a standstill.

She dropped the lines, and, still standing,
pointed down the road over which she had
come.

"Go back!'* she screamed. "Go back and
kill them!"

She stood rigid, outlined against the star-
lit sky; the men, with a growl like that of
a bulldog when he takes the hold he will
not loose, moved toward the stables again.

When they rode back past the store, the
quivering stage horses were being taken
out, and a trembling, sobbing girl lifted
from the box.

Grimly silent, the avengers galloped down
the road, resolved not to return till their
mission was fulfilled. Yet they did, for by
the bridge they found the stage driver, so
wounded that he should have died ; but this
was the unaccountable Bob Marvin. He
lived.

Ten Cent Overalls.

mgmans
thousands

T has been said that the work-
ingman's best friend is the
workingman himself, and, it
might also be added, the work-
worst enemy. Hundreds of
of dollars have been spent in
vain endeavor to educate the working peo-
ple of this country up to a standard where
they would co-operate with other men and
women in trying to stamp the sweatshop
out of existence, while the ablest writers
and most eloquent speakers in the United
States have vividly portrayed the bestial
conditions under which such goods are
manufactured. But let somebody who
wishes to test the matter inaugurate a ten

cent sale of underwear or overalls and it
will be found necessary to call upon the
police to control the surging mob of work-
ingmen who will push and crowd to get in
line for the "bargains." What matters it
that some poor underpaid consumptive was
hurried into a premature grave through in-
ability to earn a half decent living when
grinding out these "bargains?" Emaciated
children may have sobbed their lives away
while sorting the goods and helpless girls
have sold their virtue to obtain the bread
that could not be purchased with the mis-
erable pittance given those who toil in the
sweatshops; but ruined lives, broken hearts

and outraged virtue count for naitgl^t^

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overalls are sold for only a dime, and the
tears stitched into every seam of that un-
derclothing will not be noticed when cov-
ered by a ten cent bargain tag. Pitiful
sobs and unanswered prayers may have
been woven into the fabric, blasted hopes,
lost ideals and endless suffering may have
embittered the lives of the bargain makers ;
but bargain seekers can be found by the
thousands among the workingmen who
know but little and care less how bargains
are made possible. The employer refusing
to pay Mr. Bargain Seeker $3 a day for
eight hours is often denounced as a capi-
talistic leach who sucks the life's blood
from those who toil, but what shall be said
of workingmen whose damnable selfishness
creates and supports a market where ten
cent overalls and underclothing is neces-
sary .to mercantile success? The reviled
capitalist never buys these goods he manu-
factures, or offers clothing of this character

for sale if the workingmen themselves did
not rush into the busy marts of commerce
where such clothing can be procured. It
is workingmen that support the hell holes
of industrialism where this cheap material
is manufactured, for it is workingmen who
patronize the stores where ten cent under-
clothing and overalls are offered for sale.
There are hundreds of handy little house-
hold articles that can be made and sold for
a dime without injury to artisans, mer-
chants or purchasing public; but the work-
ingman who knowingly spends his money
on sweatshop goods has no moral right to
demand a higher wage from his employer,
or he has not one-tenth part of the human
feeling ofttimes displayed by the capitalistic
merchant, who is impelled to handle such
goods by reason of that workingman's in-
sistent demand for ten cent overalls. — .
Union Signal,

What Is To Become Of The Old Men ?

adays ?

|OUNG Men Wanted,** is the cry
from every place.

Why should a young man be-
lieve he has no chance now-
As a matter of fact no one but a
young man has much of a chance. He has
a monopoly of opportunity.

The commercial and the industrial world

.want young men. The pews want young

preachers. It is hinted to the middle-aged

surgeon that he has lost his "nerve." And

teachers dare not grow old.

The corporations draw the line for activ-
ity at 45 years.

In the old days a man was good for
service up to 65 or 70.

What are the reasons? In a word —
Profits, Dividends. The standard of a day's
work is based on a large output at a low
expense. The old man cannot keep the
pace the age sets for big returns.

Another reason is found in the fact that
more and more are women and children
offering to do the old man's work — and
for less wages.

The labor unions have noted this ten-
dency, and for years have been bracing the
workers in the industrial ranks against it.

The labor unions — to their great credit —
have constantly fought for a shorter day's
work, for the prevention of child labor,
for a man's wages for a woman's work.
They have tried to call a halt on immigra-
tion and have opposed piece work because
it sets up an inhuman standard for a day's
work.

And this striving has been largely in
vain.

Under present conditions men who would
be good for 15 to 20 years of honest labor
under humane provisions are everywhere
set aside.

What will society, which is responsible
for squeezing them out, do with these old
men?

Shoot them, as it shoots the old horses?

Pension them?

They do not want pensions. They want
work, work such as they are able to do
and, because of experience, able to do well.

Our prosperity is making a lot of men
old before their time, which is economic
waste — to say nothing of heart break and
suffering.

What is to be done with the old men?
—Cleveland Press, ^ j

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Tra5>FIRE>S>IDIE>

Thia DcpAitoMnt !• open to all woman frUndt of the Brothorhood.

"Organization."

I would lilce to say a few words in behalf of
Brotherhood organizations, which you are proud
to say are upheld everywhere. Be loyal to your
lodges. Don't think your obligations have been
complied with simply because you have paid your
dues. You are a member^ and why not attend the
meetings, so you can assume a little of the re-
sponsibility? It is your duty and to your inter-
est to do so. Don't expect others to protect the
lodge for you. Above all, don't go around out-
side making uncomplimentary remarks about what
is done at the meetings, because they didn't just
happen to do as you would like to have had
theou Just put your shoulder to the wheel, and
be faithful; be on hand next time, for it is a
noble cause, and you will reap your reward.

Where are you when the meetings are in or-
der? What has come between you and the
Brotherhood? To say you are tired of it would
only bring shame to you, so we know it is not
that. Have you been sick and in distress? If
so, you surely were not neglected. So there is
only yourself left, to make a poor meek excuse
for not tending more strictly to meetings. There
are always a few old "standbys" that are de-
pended on being there, and you don't stop to con>
sider the same old routine of lodge work thrust
upon them. Come now, brace up, and let so-
ciability exist among all Trainmen. Get better
acquainted, and when duty calls you to the bed-
side of an injured brother, you won't have to go
feeling ashamed for fear you haven't met him,
simply because you neglected those meetings.

Do you ever stop to think what the subordi-
nate lodges think of the operations of such a
lodge, with members accused of such "negli-
gence ?"

Be an honor to your B. of R. T. and pay your
dues promptly. Don't ask your Collector to keep
"holding you over." You forget how many more
say that besides you. This is not encouraging.
Be considerate and ask yourself if it is what you
call "Brotherhood."

Show your deepest interest in this organization;
it has undoubtedly raised your wages, and im-
proved conditions all along for you, and last of all,
secured respect for you. "Work for those who
have worked for you." Remember the high char-
acter of such an order as the B. of R. T. is re-
flected through the columns of the Trainmen's
Journal every morJth, and let us be proud to say
there could be a no more honest reflection. Just

place your order on a basis of honor, and have that
honor above reproach. It is safe to say you will
never regret doing so.

Cheer up and be happy, boys, and if the cloud
of adversity hangs over you, don't think your lot
harder than anyone's else. Just stop and think it
might be worse. Make the best of life, and to be
successful just put on the smile that won't come
off. Never look for friends to sympathize with
you; they have troubles of their own. Every
cloud has a silver lining, so start out to find
yours. Remember adversity has often led to real
happiness. Just mingle the bitter with the sweet.

So let us hope the B. of R. T. ship will calmly
and nobly sail the sea of life, and may we never
see her sails stained with Brotherhood dishonor.
And may your one great motto of Benevolence,
Sobriety and Industry be suflicient to keep her
proud name of "Brotherhood" above the dark and
gloomy waters below. Let every railroad man
enroll as a sailor of this staunch old ship, and be
known as a B. of R. T. boy. Remember the B.
of R. T. was organized for a grand, good pur-
pose, and we all know it has grown in influence
and membership. We would not be afraid to say
that it is among the highest in the world. I am,
Mrs. Jambs Kbndrick,
Barre Plains, Mass.

Advice To Girls.

There are several sorts of girls who should not
attempt to come to the city to earn their living.

One is the sweetly dependent girl for whom
the folks at home, particularly an adoring circle
of men, have always fetched and carried.

The girl who is sentimental or supersensitive
has a difiicult fight to make when she comes into
the city. Those who have positions to offer want
the best possible service for the money they are
paying. They do not ask why you are earning
your living, nor will they express the idea that
it is noble of you to support your mother. They
may find that out in time and respect you the
more for it, but the great question in their
mind is:

"Can she do the work?"

"Will she keep our interests uppermost in her
mind during business hours?"

There are hundreds of harassed, nerve worn

employers in every large city who are willing to

pay salaries to girls who know how to spell and

punctuate, and are willing to take /^ iniei;e&t^tiu

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the business. But they haven't a single moment
for the sentimental, supersensitive girl.

The girl who gives as little work as possible for
the money she receives had better not attempt to
live in a large city, or she who feels that a sal-
ary of $6 or $8 entitles her to do half-hearted
work.

The girl who has not plenty of good clothes
and a little sum of money saved to tide her over
the period of waiting for a position had better
give up the idea of coming to a large city until
she has acquired both.

But the girl who has a trade at her finger tips,
who has come to realize that in her home town
she can rise no higher, if she is an expert sten-
ographer or bookkeeper and can keep the affairs
of her employer locked in her breast, who has
neat clothes and some money, if she has faith in
herself as a worker, she will make a much better
living and have better opportunities in the large
city than would be possible in the small town. —
Philadelphia Press.

The Two Paths.

Out of the Valley of Discontent
There came one day, on adventure bent.
Two gay youths with strength and health
And each well blessed with this world's wealth.
And as they journeyed along life's way,
Straight before them two paths there lay.

And one stretched out through fields of green

As wide and smooth as ever you've seen.

And over the road in letters of light

That all might read, these words shone bright:

"This is the path to a life of ease

And leads to the Valley of Do- As- You- Please,

And all who journey along this way.

Live in a world of endless play."

The other path was narrow and steep.

And led o'er hills and through valleys deep.

And over the road these words: **Take heedl

For he who journeys here, must need

Be strong of body — and strong of heart

In life's battle to play his part;

For the path that leads to duty's goal

Is hard indeed for the timid soul."

And one youth said, "I shall choose the road
On which you carry no burden or load;
Where life is merry and bright and gay
Down in the world of endless play;"
And the other said, "I shall choose the way
Of labor and toil and not of play.
For though the path is hard and slow.
Duty points to that way I know."

And as they parted, friend from friend,
Each his separate way to wend.
And the one who chose the path of ease.
That led to the Valley of Do-As- You-Please,
Wandered along in a careless way
Seeking new pleasures day by day;
His wealth he squandered in silly wajrs
To win for himself some worldly praise.

He gave no thought to his fellow-man.

But lived as only an idler can;

Gluttony, lust and sloth and pride

For these he lived, and for these he died;

And when death's bell for him had rung.

He passed from this earth unmoumed, unsung.

And the one who chose the road of toil

Journeyed along o'er the rugged soil.

And the way was hard and rough and slow,

And at times in his bosom hope was low.

But ever he kept a smiling face

As the path of duty he'd slowly trace;

To the weary pilgrims, filled with fear,

He gave a smile and a word of cheer;

His wealth he gave to ease life's pain

For his fellow-men with no thought of gain.

And when his days of life were o'er
And he drifted across to the shining shore.
Many a blessing, and many a prayer
Of widow and orphan followed him there.
Now which chose the better path that day
When they parted there on the great highway;
And when each course to the end was run
Which do you think was the better one?

Tbkkncb V. Campbell,

Lodge No. 698.

What Women Do For A Living.

That the four million women workers in the
United States are engaged m no less than 293
distinct occupations will be surprising news to
some. No women, naturally, are reported as Uni-
ted States soldiers, sailors, or marines; nor were
any reported as members of the fire department, or
as street car drivers (though two were reported
as motormen), or as telegraph and telephone line-
men, or as apprentices or helpers to roofers and
slaters, or as helpers to steam boiler makers or to
brass workers. But the reader may note with in-
terest, and perhi4>8 with some astonishment, that
five women are employed as pilots; that on steam
railroads ten were employed as baggagemen, 31
as brakemen, seven as conductors, 45 as engineers
and firemen, and 26 as switchmen, yardmen, and
flagmen; that 43 were carriage and hack drivers;
that six were reported as ship carpenters, and two
as roofers and slaters; that as many as 185 were
returned as blacksmiths, and 508 as machinists; that
eight were boiler makers; that 81 were charcoal,
coke, and lime burners; and that 11 were well-
borers. Of course these figures have little eco-
nomic or sociological significance beyond indicating
that there are few kinds of work from which the
female sex is absolutely debarred, by either
nature, law or custom. There were 125 occupa-
tions employing over 1,000 women each, and 63
employing over 5,000.

Notwithstanding the Increasing diversity of em-
ployments for women, domestic service still remains
the most important by far of the occupations in
which they are engaged. Of the 4,838,630 women
in continental United States reported as engaged
in gainful occupations at the time of the twelfth

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

693

census, 1,124,383, or almost one-fourth of the
total number, were returned as servants. It may
seem surprising that the next most important oc-
cupation for women is that of farm laborer, and
that the number of women reported as following
this occupation was 456,405, or almost half a
million. The significance of the figures will be
better understoood if it is pointed out that 442,-
006, or 96.8 per cent, of these female farm labor-
• ers were reported from the Southern States, and
that 861,804, or 79.8 per cent of the total num-
ber, were of the negro race. Moreover, it appears
that 277,727, or 60.9 per cent of the total num-
ber, were members of the farmers' families, rep-
resenting the wives and grown-up daughters as-
sisting in the work on the home farms. Next to
these two leading occupations come four occupa-
tions not far apart in numerical importance,
though widely different in character. The are
the occupations of dressmaker, laundress, teacher,
and farmer. The largest of these occupations —
that of dressmaker — employed 838,144 women and
the smallest— that of farmer— employed 807,706.—
Harper's Weekly.

Today.

Thou hast today, dear heart.
Its golden opportunities are thine;
To the priceless boon, a gift divine.
See thou that in each moment be inwrought
Thy highest ideals, and thy noblest thought.

We are so prone to think:
"Some future day, when I have time to spare,
1*11 help to lighten others' load of care;
Life IS so trying now, and so complex,
ril be more kind when there is less to vex."

And thus we idly dream
Of what life might have been in other spheres;
Or what it yet may be in future years;
While the good wc crave lies all about our way.
Could we but grasp the meaning of "today."

This very day may bring
A blessed chance to know the pure delight
Of leading some lost soul back to the light.
A chance to give a kindly word or smile,
Which we might miss in the fancied "after while."

And it may hold for thee.
Privilege to learn sweet patience under trial;
The grace of meekness, or of self-denial;
A chance "for Christ's sake" to forgive a wrong.
Thus making thine own life more sweet and
strong.

Then prize today, dear heart;
May thy very best in word, and deed, and

thought.
Through all its precious moments be inwrought.
Today is thine. Tomorrow may not be,
Ohl live It then as for eternity.

M. Carkis Haywaso.

The Brakeman.

Here's to the railroad brakeman

Who toils, year out, year in.
That he, by perseverance.

His daily bread may win.
Not night nor storm nor danger

Can make his brave heart quail.
For thro' it all he struggles.

This soldier of the rail.

Thro' Summer's golden sunshine.
Thro' Winter's snow and sleet.

Day after day he labors
And never owns defeat;

For tho* dark shadows sometimes
Arise, he struggles on,

Contented in the knowledg

That after night comes dawn.

Beneath the peaceful starlight.

Beneath the sun's bright glow.
He labors, uncomplaining.

That loved ones may not know
The trials and the dangers

That are the brakeman *s share,
For the part that he has chosen

In silence he must bear.

The brakeman has no longing

To climb to fame's high crest;
He toils for those who need him.

For those who love him best.
When his trials all are over.

At the setting of the sun.
May the brakeman hear the Master

Say in gentle tones, "Well done."

Miss L. M. Dunham.
Lehigh Tannery, Pa.

Speak Kindly To Your Wife.

Everything had gone wrong in the house that
day.

The cleaning was only half done, the place was
upside down, the butcher's boy came late, the
dinner was miserably cooked.

She expected him to be cross. He had every
right to be cross^ she knew. She had misman-
aged everything. She was just a failure.

And she threw her arms around his neck sob*
bing.

But the man was more of a man than she
thought. He did not speak one unpleasant word.
He did not utter a single syllable of blame. He
did not even frown the least bit.

Instead, he put his arms around her and held
her close, and said:

"Cheer up, little woman. It's all right."

It might have been because he disliked a scene,
but it wasn't. It might have been because he un-
derstood that disagreeable words would not make
things any better, but it wasn't that either.

It was because he was a man with a heart big
enough to know the magic of a kind word.

Poets and authors have written volumes about

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

kind words, but none of them nor all of them
have ever come anywhere near expressing all the
beauty, all the power, all the comfort that lives
in one little word of kindness.

The world was a different place to that woman.
Htr tiredness vanished. Her tears were dried.
Her disappointment in herself was taken away.
Her love for her husband was magnified a thous-
and fold. There was only sunshine where there
had been clouds.

It was a little bit of heaven for her.

And it cost the man — nothing. — Selected,

London Children As Wage Earners.

In London there are 747,000 school children,
480,000 of them over seven years old, and of
these 80,800 are half-time wage earners. About
half of t.hem spend during each week 27 hours
in school and more than 20 hours in work. In
one district such children work from 14 to 60
hours a week and are paid at the rate of one to
two cents an hour. In small laundries the helpers
are employed for t^-o or three nights a week
until 10 o'clock and all day on Saturdays, work-
ing in a steam laden atmosphere and amid sur-
roundings that are distinctly undesirable. Lather
boys in barber shops have hours that are much
too long, never less than 40 a week. They are
usually busy from 5 to 10 every evening, all day
and until midnight on Saturday, and on Sunday
from 8 to 0 in the morning and from 1 to 2 in
the afternoon. Grocers* boys average 20 hours a
week for wages equal to from 75 cents to $1 a
week when money is paid, but it is the custom of
the trade to give food in payment. Messenger
boys and girls employed by milliners, dressmakers
and in small shops oftentimes work from 60 to
69 hours a week. Half-timers who are under-
takers' boys are engaged in the cheerful business
of measuring corpses for a shilling a week. — The
Craftsman.

Statement of Claims.

Port Huron, Mich., July 1, 1907.

Previously paid $277,664.41

Paid Since Last Report.
Northern Trust Co., Winnipeg,

Man , I

Ellen Kinshella, London, Ont...
Wallis Wilson, Pt. Huron, Mich.
T. J. Steele, Rock Island. 111....
Loella B. Holloway, Lorain, O...
Patrick Kelley, Jersey City, N. J.
Mary MacPherson, Northumber-
land, Pa

009

700
701
702
703
704
706

600.00
600.00
600.00
600 00
600.00
600.00

600.00

706 M. E. Skillings, Portland, Me... 600.00

707 J. M. Lowrey, Cheyenne, Wyo.. 600.00

708 Wm. H. Eyles. Columbia, Pa 600.03

709 Lizzie Dixon, Streator. Ill 600.00

710 Chas. Gould, Herrington, Kas. . . . 600.00

711 P. D. Scott, Pueblo, Colo 600.00

712 Jas, Goodno, Rochester, N. Y.... 600.00
718 F. L. Nicholson, Moose Jaw, Sask. 600.00
714 Jas. C. Markey, New York, N. Y. 600.00
716 W. A. Tucker, Greenville, Tex.. 600.00

716 F. D. Scherer, Peoria, 111 600.00

717 Harley Huckelberry, Ottumwa, la. 600.00

718 Mary Kayser, Lima, 0 600.00

719 Albert Mamprize, Allandale, Ont. 600.00

720 Ellen Reed, Jersey City, N. J 600.00

721 Thot. McCaffrey, Boston, Mass.. 600.00

722 August Burkhart, White Haven,

Pa 600.00

723 J. O. Phillips, Salt Lake City, Ut. 600.00

724 Mamie Wood, Seattle, Wash 600.00

725 Emile Burmaster, McDonoghville,

La 500.00

726 Otis J. Barker, St. Paul, Minn... 600.00

727 J. W. Sweeney, Uniontown, Pa.. 600.00

728 Geo. Seals, Salpulpa. L T 600.00

729 A. H. Adams, Sunbury, Pa 600.00

730 Jane E. Morris. Chillicothe, O... 600.00

731 Wm. Ritter, Toledo, 0 600.00

Cora Bortle, El Paso, Tex 101.17

Total 1294,165.58

Died Since Last Report.

Alice Haas, of Lodge No. 209, died May 12,
1907.

Mary Hubbard, of Lodge No. 79, died May 7,
1907.

Eliza Murphy, of Lodge No. 217, died May 22.
1907.

Nora E. Ranch, of Lodge No. 138, ditd June
6, 1907.

Freda Kuehner, of Lodge No. 28, died June 7,
1907.

Sophia Hanchett, of Lodge No. 37, died June
11, 1907.

Belle Ayers, of Lodge No. 106, died .

Mayme Robinson, of Lodge No. 122, died .

Elizabeth Drake, of Lodge No. 181, died June

20. 1907.

Mary Brown, of Lodge No. 22, died June 22,
1907.

Kate Sinn, of Lodge No. 320, died June SO,
1907.

Margaret Momey, of I^dge No. 132, died June

21, 1907.

Louise Stone, of Lodge No. 306, died June 24,
1907.

Amy a. Downing.
G. S. and T.

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TRAIN RULES

^KINDRED SUBdBCTS

Send all inquiries to H. A. Dalbjr, Naugatuck, Conn.

Rules For Movement By Train Orders.

211. When a "19*' train order has been
transmitted, operators must (unless other-
wise directed) repeat it at once from the
manifold copy, in the succession in which
the several offices have been addressed.
Each operator receiving the order should
observe whether the others repeat correct-
ly. When the order has been repeated cor-
rectly by an operator, the response "com-
plete," and the time, with the initials of the

, will be given by the train dispatcher.

The operator receiving this response will
then write on each copy the word "com-
plete," the time, and his last name in full,
and personally deliver a copy to each per-
son addressed without taking his signature.
But when delivery to cngineman will take
the operator from the immediate vicinity
of his office, the engineman's copy will be
delivered by .

When a "19" train order restricting the
superiority of a train is issued for it at
the point where such superiority is restrict-
ed, the train must be brought to a stop be-
fore delivery of the order.

We quote here the revised form of the
rule. It differs from the former reading in
the addition of the last sentence of the
first paragraph and the whole of the second
paragraph. The old form ended with the
words, "to each person addressed without
taking his signature."

Rule 210 prescribes the method of hand-
ling the "31" order and this rule has refer-
ence to the receipt and delivery of the "19"
form. The main difference between the two
forms of order, as will be seen, Ijes in the
fact that the conductor is required to sign

for the 31 while the 19 is delivered without
taking a signature from any one. The train
order blanks for each form are usually
printed on papers of different colors so they
may be easily distinguished at a glance.

Although the Standard Code makes no
mention of the particular kind of orders
that are to be sent on one form or the
other, the general custom is that when the
rights or privileges of a train are to be re-
stricted the order must be on the 31 form so
that the signature of the conductor (and
the engineman, if the rules so require) may
be obtained, thereby making sure that the
superior train will be held as required. In
some books of rules this provision appears
but in others it does not, and dispatchers
are governed merely by common practice,
as above indicated.

The 19 form was originated so that it
might be given to trains which were to be
helped, (not restricted), in which case a
signature is not necessary, and the inten-
tion is that it may be handed to conductor
and engineman by the operator without
stopping the train, which, as is well known,
is of immense advantage in very many
cases. The use of this form has, however,
proved of such advantage that there is a
considerable sentiment in favor of using it
for all trains, not requiring them to stop,
by providing some means other than the
taking of the conductor's signature for
making sure that the superior train will be
held. As a matter of fact it has been used
in this way for years on some roads under
certain conditions. The plan is this: If a
meeting point is made at a telegraph ^ta-
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

tion and the "middle order" sent to the
operator at the meeting point, it is per-
missible to send it to the superior train on
the 19 form provided it gets it at some
station before reaching the meeting point.
This is virtually sending it to the superior
train at two stations. That the idea of the
extended use of the 19 order found some
favor with those who revised the Standard
Code is evidenced by the last paragraph of
Rule 210 as quoted, which, as has been said,
is entirely new.

This form has amply proven its right to
exist and so satisfactory have been the re-
sults in its application to the inferior train
and, under certain conditions, to the su-
perior, it is now believed that it may with
safety be used for the superior train in
every case. The necessary element in its
universal use is absolute certainty of de-
livery to the superior train. It was long
thought this could only be attained by re-
quiring the signature of the conductor.
But, aside from the plan we have just de-
scribed, there is another which seems to
fulfill the requirement, even so far as to
make it possible for the dispatcher to know
that the order is delivered, and yet without
requiring the train to stop. Briefly stated
it is this : Each telegraph office is equipped*
with a train order signal and the rule is that
when this signal is seen to be in the "stop"
position the train cannot leave the station
without a clearance card. This clearance
card must show the number of each order
delivered to the train or, if there are no
orders, the fact must be stated on the card.
The operator makes enough copies of the
clearance card for the conductor, the en-
gineman or enginemen and himself. The
orders received by them must correspond
with the numbers mentioned on the card
or the train must stop and the difference be
adjusted. Before clearing any train the
operator may be required to call the dis-
patcher and repeat to him the numbers of
orders he has written on the clearance
card and the dispatcher will thus have op-
portunity to see if any are overlooked, the
same as he has now with the Standard
Code system of transmitting the conduc-
tor's name and giving "complete" to each
order. Thus would we have a system which
provides a perfect safe^ard. The dispatch-

er calls the operator and tells him to copy
orders. Before going any further the op-
erator replies that his red signal is dis-
played. When the train sees the stop signal
it must get a clearance card. Before the
operator can deliver the clearance card he
must call the dispatcher and have an under-
standing as to what orders he is to deliver.
The plan is used to some extent now and
we believe it will continue to grow in favor.

The last paragraph of new Rule 211 con-
templates the use of the 19 order for the
superior train, but the only requirement is
that when the order is to be executed at
the place of delivery the train shall be
brought to a stop before it is delivered. As
is customary with the Standard Code, it
merely suggests the principle of this use
of the 19 order, leaving the details to be
worked out by those directly concerned.

There is also a change in the new rule in
regard to the manner in which the 19 order
may be delivered to the engineman. It is
expressed in the last sentence of the first
paragraph. Formerly the requirement was
that the operator should personally deliver
the order to all persons addressed, but when
the engineman was some distance from the
telegraph office it was usually sent to him
by the conductor or one of the brakemen.
While this was not rulable it seemed safe,
as the order (if used with the original re-
strictions) was of such a nature that if it
failed of delivery no mishap could ensue, so
that the practice became more or less gen-
eral. It is given official sanction in the
new Code, this paragraph permitting such
delivery to be made by some person other
than the operator. The blank in the rule
may of course be filled by placing the duty
with the conductor or brakeman, either of
whom should be considered capable of so
doing.

1. — ^How does the new form of Rule 211
differ from the old? 2.— What is the
practice on your road in regard to the kind
of orders to be sent on the 19 or 31 form?
3. — Is the matter determined by rule or only
by custom? 4. — Is the 19 order ever used
for the superior train, and if so, under what
conditions? 5. — How does the new form
of Rule 211 indicate a sanction of this?
6.— By whom should the 19 order be de-
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

697

Kvcrcd to the engineman? 7. — How is the
new rule modified in regard to this?

QUESTIONS.

182.— "No. 4 on the old card is due to
leave A at 9:30 p. m. but the train is six
hours late, making them leave at 3.30 a. m.
No. 4 on the new card that takes effect at
12:01 a. m. is due out of A at 5:15 p. m.
Can No. 4 run on that date at 3 :30 a. m. ?
I think she can as she has a corresponding
number."— e. D. G.

Answer. — Yes, No. 4 can leave A at
3:30 a. m. or at any time up to 5:15 a. m.,
when the schedule would be 12 hours late
according to the new time table.

183.— "An extra leaving A gets Order No.
1 as follows: 'Engine 2302 will run extra
A to F and ijieet No. 120 at E.' At B they
get Order No. 2: 'Extra 2302 will meet
1st 120 at D instead of E and has right
over 2d 120 to F.' At C they get Order No.
3: 'Order No. 2 is annulled.' What does
the extra have on No. 120 after receiving
Order No. 3?"— H. K B.

Answer. — Nothing at all. Order No. 2
supersedes Order No. 1 and Order No. 3
annuls Order No. 2.

184. — "On this division we have a station
which is a terminal for three railroads and
the time table of each road shows the
schedule trains terminating at this station
but does not show any designation that the
one time shown at the terminal is the arriv-
ing time. Our rules tell us that where
one time only is shown it is the leaving
time, unless otherwise indicated. The time
at the last station in advance of the termin-
al is much earlier than the one at the ter-
minal, and what I want to know is, can we
use the main track at the terminal up until
the proper clearance time, figuring from
the schedule train's arriving time, or, in
other words, can these trains arrive at the
terminal in advance of the time shown
here?"— H. R B.

Answer. — It is customary to designate
the single time at a terminal station as the
arriving time either by the word "Arrive"
or its abbreviation "Ar." If it is not shown
in this way it cannot be understood to mean
anything else. An arriving time means that
the tram must not arrive before that time.
According to the rules a yard engine or an

inferior train using the main track at the
terminal station may be governed accord-
ingly, but as a matter of fact, the train often
does arrive ahead of the specified time,
so that safety would demand due caution
on the part of the inferior train. The su-
perior train, however, is wrong in arriving
before the time shown.

185. — "We read considerable in the
Journal about change of time table, but
are unable to draw a conclusive idea on
account of each article covering different
conditions, time table changing at a differ-
ent hour, etc. The rule on our road is as
follows :

Each time table, from the moment it
takes effect, supersedes the preceding time
table, and its schedules take effect on any
district at the leaving time at their initial
stations on such district. But when a
schedule of the preceding time table corres-
ponds in number, class, day of leaving, di-
rection, and initial terminal stations with a
schedule of the new time table, a train au-
thorized by the preceding time table will re-
tain its train orders and assume the sched-
ule of the corresponding number of the new
time table.

Schedules on each- district date from their
initial stations on such district.

Not more than one schedule of the same
number and day shall be in effect on any
district.

"Explanations are plain where change of
time takes place in the middle of the day
such as 10 :30 a. m. or 2 :30 p. m., in which
case all trains that left the terminal on that
date may retain train orders and proceed.
But, for instance. No. 2 leaves A at 8:30
p. m. the 26th and the time table changes
at 12.01 a. m. the 27th, suppose No. 2 is at
E and is due to leave there at 12:10 a. m.
Can this train of the 26th proceed on the
new time table at No. 2 or does the day of
leaving affect it? The train corresponds in
every other respect." — D. M. D.

Answer.— The rule you quote is from the
new Standard Code and it embodies what
is known in Rule 4 as the "date" principle.
This principle does not appear in the old
Code and the lack is what caused a serious
defect in the rule. The date principle may
be easily understood by the statement of
two essential requirements :^First, •ne
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

train and only one is due to leave the in-
itial point every day (assuming the schedule
to be "daily" on both old and new time
tables). Second, A train leaving the initial
point as the train of a certain date con-
tinues to be the train of that date and is en-
titled to the schedule of that date through-
out the entire district even though a change
of time table takes place. Keep these two
things in mind and no misunderstanding
should ever occur.

To answer your question, if you are on
No. 2 at E at 12:10 a. m., you look at your
new time table and see that it contains a
schedule corresponding with the one you
have been using in "number, class, day of

leaving, direction, and initial and terminal
stations." By "day of leaving" is meant
this, according to the interpretation of the
Standard Code; If the schedule on which
you started out was the schedule of Wed-
nesday, for instance, and the schedule of the
same number on the new time table is due
to be in effect on the same day of the week,
you are entitled to continue to your termin-
al station, using that schedule on the new
time table. If the schedule on the new
time table fails to correspond with that of
the old in any of the particulars mentioned
you cannot use any schedule and must get
orders before you can proceed farther.

Our Hearts To Yours.

Elizabeth Stuakt Phelps.

Ye happy dead we gave to God,
Who keepeth what is His, alway;

We lay the violets on the sod.
We lay our hearts to yours today.

Oh, take them, broken and unmeet
For that high faith you used to have!

The trembling hand, the^ faltering feet
We turn to you, across the grave.

The fine resolve, the lofty part

That perished like a sun-smote flower;

The silent coward in the heart;
The memory of the weakest hour;

The thing we are not — meant to be —
And still go begging grief to make

Us, for the love we bear to ye —
Oh, take them all, for Love*8 dear sake!

Who else in earth or heaven can know?

Like the dear dead who can forgive?
Again, because we love you so —

Be patient — teach us how to live.

Oh, happy dead who went to God!

Hold, hold us in your love alway.
We lay the violets on the sod,

We lay our hearts to yours today.

—The Independent.

Sick.

When mother's sick, the house is all
So strangely hushed in room and hall!
But mother never will admit
She's suffering a single bit!
She won't let people do a thing —
There's nothing any one can bring —
She just lies there, and tries to fix
Herself, by cunning little tricks!
And as for doctor — why, the word
She scouts as being most absurd.
And when he comes he has to guess
At symptoms that she won't confess;
And then he's apt to frown and say:
"You should have had me right away.
I'll come agam this evening" — for
It's bed, you see, a week or more!

When father's sick — I tell you, now
You ought to hear the dreadful row —
The talk of "dying," and the groans!
The orders in convulsive tones!
The hasty runnings to and fro;
To rearrange the pillow — so;
To fix hot water bag and shade;
For mustard plaster, lemonade!
Appeals to get the doctor, quick —
And "Can't you see I'm awful sick?"
And then the doctor sits and hears
While father grunts his pains and fears.
He leaves some drops, and tells us: "Hum!
Unless I'm needed I shan't come
Again. I think he'll do all right."
And father's up perhaps, oy night!

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Thmn !• bo frM list.

8«nd all ramltUnoM for rabMripttoiu to tho Qrand SecroUry and TrMSoror. Boo Bootlon 10 Ooootltattoii, Oraad
Lodgo.

Laikon for this dopartmoat moat bo wrItUn on ono aldo of papor only, wrlttoa with Ink and mast bo at tbooAoo
aot lator tkan tho 12th of tho month to inauro laaortloB in tho nose nnmbor.

▲11 ohangos of addroM, oommnnioatlona portaintncto tho Joomal, oto.. ahonld bo aont to tho Editor. Do notaond
rooolntiona.

Whon tho Jonm«I dooa not roaoh 70a, Immodlatoly glTo oa jonr namo. oorroet addroaa and tho nnmbor of yonr
Lodgo.

Memorial Address, Buffalo, N. Y.

By C T. Wolscy, M. D.

Time has softened grief and dulled the keen eye
of passion since the people of this country first
established the custom of strewing flowers on the
graves of their soldier dead.

It is a beautiful custom, to thus honor the mem-
ory of the brave and noble spirits whose deeds
have enriched a nation's history.

It is a beautiful sentiment to thus strew nature's
sweetest flowers upon the dust that once impris-
oned spirits of such heroic mould.

It has become our custom, and as I believe an
eminently proper one, that we, as brothers of this
beneficent order, should stop in the activities of
this Trainmen hail, and laying aside all thought
of pressing duty, devote an hour to the memory
and honor of those of our members who have
been called hence to a higher life, to a higher
sphere of action, and to the lesson which it
teaches.

This afternoon we are met to pay a just tribute
of respect to the memories of our late brothers.
Most of them leave behind tender and affectionate
wives and children, for whom our sympathies go
out this day. and with them we mingle our tears
of sorrow over the sad event which has deprived
them of a husband and father, and us of a friend
and brother.

Our brothers have passed through the gates,
and they will come in and go out with us no more
forever. Their accustomed seats in the hall are
now filled by others. Their lives in this world
are ended; their missions accomplished; and they
have gone to join the innumerable caravan in that
undiscovered country from which there is no re-
turn.

Well and truly has it been said by one of
earth's wisest sages,

"Man's life is but a hand breadth;" a solemn
truth of which, in the hurry of business, in the
ton and tunnoil of life, and in the pursuit of the
phantom of our hope** aspirations and desires,

we too often lose sight, until rudely brought to our
recollections by the sudden death of our late as-
sociates.

We determine upon our plans, we lay out our
work, we arrange our program for the long vista
of years which, panorama like, unfolds itself be-
fore us, when suddenly, perhaps without warning,
our lives are required of us, and the bright and
brilliant future fades away into the black noth-
ingless of death, and this is all we are certain of
in this world.

Why, even now our hearts.
Life muffled drums are beating
Funeral marches to the grave.
Since you and I came for the first time to take
our places in the various halls, there have been
scores of seats made vacant by the rider of the
pale horse.

He has reached a rich harvest in this domain.
Standing here and reflecting upon these things,
let us heed the noble utterance of our immortal
William McKinley.

"Duty"
"Duty is the sublimest word in our language."

These ceremonies may soon be performed for
you and I and, if so, our brothers can pay us no
higher tribute than to say that here and every-
where we did our duty.

Yes, the shores of life are shifting every year.
And we are seaward drifting every year.
Old places, changing, fret us,
The living more forget us.
There are fewer to regret us every year.
But the truer life draws nigher every year.
And the morning star climbs higher every year.
Earth's hold on us grows slighter;
And the heavy burden lighter,
And the dawn immortal, brighter, every year.
Death is so common in the land that we can
but seldom, if ever, truly apply the lesson he
would teach, to give a passing thought how soon
he may knock at our door.

He may in an instant blight the beauteous rote

bud, wither the fairest flower of the garden, shiver

the giant oak of the foreat» tear away the veaer*

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able formt of our households, snatch from our
embrace the tender idols of our hearts; or strike
down at our very side splendid young manhood*
the highest image of God himself, and although we
feel the shock, bow our beads, and look with awe
and wonder, yet soon again, Ol how soon, does
the world, with its duties, its pleasures, and its
cares, absorb and lead us on in the same accu»
tomed way!

But this inevitable and dread visitor heeds not
our ways nor respects our condition.

In his quiver he has an arrow for all; he strikes
the low and the high, the bad and the good, the
poor and the rich; he calls at every habitation,
from the lowly hovel in its poverty to the majestic
capitol in its grandeur, and thus with an impartial
step and unerring aim marches on forever.

In the hour of our grief, and in the weakness
of our nature, unmindful of the divine economy
which respects neither persons nor conditions we
cry out. O! why, why could not the great God,
the giver of life and death, have spared our
loved ones as a merciful exception?

Man is ever taught the truth, but heeds it not,
that life is death, creation is dissolution, and none
can tell how soon the latter may follow the
former.

How little do we remember that, as we begin
to live, we begin to die.

In the structure and economy of life every blow
we strike, every thought we think, is accompanied
by the death and disintegration of a certain
amount of muscular and nervous tissue as its nec-
essary condition. And thus every action of our
corporal life from its beginning to its close takes
place at the vitality of a certain amount of or-
ganized matter; and yet from the beginning of
the life of man to this day, of how little impor-
tance to his fellows is his death.

"Death is swallowed up in Victory." Their
hearts could utter if their tongues could not, that
loftiest paean of human triumph ever chanted on
the shores of time:

O Death! where is thy sting?
O Grave! where is thy victory?

We are reminded upon this occasion of the un-
certainty of life and the certainty of death; of the
truth of the inspired words, '*It is appointed unto
man once to die.*'

To this proposition the minds of all yield a
willing assent; there is no dispute as to its truth.
The graves of countless millions who have passed
beyond the river of life, into the valley of death,
and the evidences of decay among the living, of
those laboring under disease and old age, all
verify the universally accepted truth that all men
must die.

The path of life is strewn with innumerable
dangers all along its winding way.

The enemies and destroyers of human life are
countless, and are concealed in secret ambush all
along the journey of life from the cradle to the
grave; ever ready to seize upon their victims.

When we contemplate the innumerable dangers
to which our lives have been subjected is we
journeyed along we tre terror stricken and won-
der that wt art ttUl Uyioff.

How many hair-breadth escapes has each one
of us undergone? Each one can recall many in-
cidents of danger to his life, but it is doubtless
true that the life of every individual has been
exposed to an innumerable number of dangers
that were and are unknown.

We are ready to exclaim that in the midst of
life we are in death.

Death and decay are all around us.

Man that is born of woman is of few days.

And full of trouble.

He Cometh forth like a flower, and is cut down;

He fleeth also as a shadow, and continueth not.

There is no appeal for relief from the great law
which dooms us to the dust; we flourish and fade
as the leaves of the forest; and the leaves that
bloom and wither in a day have no frailer hold
upon life than the mightiest monarch that ever
shook the earth with his footsteps.

Generations of men will appear and disappear
as the grass, and the multitude that throngs the
world today will disappear as the footsteps on the
shore.

Men seldom think of the great event of death
until the shadows fall across their own pathway,
hiding from their eyes the faces of loved ones
whose loving smile was the sunlight of their ex-
istence.

Surely those of us who have served in these
various halls for the last few years, need no po-
etic admonition, that Death has been here.

We know, as we have seen one after another
of our brothers stricken down, that Death is here,
and that no distinction, no gifis, no honor — how-
ever great — can save us from his ruthless hand;
when the summons comes, we must all obey.

The duties of the dead Trainmen are all fin-
ished. Even this solemn occasion, with their
names on every lip, is nothing to them. Their
silent dust is alike indifferent to praise or blame,
and their immortal presence has passed far be-
yond the call of human voices. But to us the
living, who stand where they so lately stood, this
hour is freighted with interest and admonition.

We are walking with unerring steps to the
grave, and each setting sun finds us nearer to the
realms of cest.

The fleetness of time; our brief and feeble grasp
upon the affairs of earth; the certainty of death,
and the magnitude of eternity, all crowd upon the
mind at such a moment as this.

They warn us to be in readiness, for no one
knows, in the great lottery of life and death, on
whose cold, dead, pathetic face we may next look
in this narrow circle.

They call upon us to think and speak and live
in charity with each other, for the last hours that
must come to all will be sweetened by recollec-
tions of such forbearance, and grace in our own
lives as we invoke for ourselves from that merci-
ful Father, into whose presence we hasten.

Peace, peace, to their ashes! consolation to their
friends and loved ones!

Gentle flowers for their tomb;

And may sweet memories ever linger around
the names of our brothers.

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Ul^^mnri-ii Ttnv At Oal(>«hiircr 111 ambulance stopped before another cottage. They

Memorial Day At uaiesDurg, iii. ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^

Loving tribute to the memory of the deceawd «*" .battered because the coupling did not work,

member, of Galesburg Lodge No. 24, Brotherhood No matter what the station of your departed

r^^ oad ^"«m» and* the Ladies' Auxiliary brother. No ma«er whether he lived in a cottage

to the B of R. T. was paid at the annual memo- or a mansion; today they are all alike and they

rial «erci«. o Ihe order, at the First Methodist ." dwell in our palaces of memory, shielded from

nai excrwBCB «» ^^^ ^.^^ ^^ criticism and the storms of rivalry,

-^ir'church had been attractively decorated, beoiuse they had enlisted '« >"<*«J"^ J^^^^^^^
ro»^ and peonies being used in abundance. Fol- and gave up their lives to the welfare of the.r
loTng the organ prelude a male quartet sang a famUies and the progress of the age.
pleasing number. "Your committee told me that your order was

The annual memorial address was given by made up of 'just ordinary men.' I know something
Attorney Walter C. Frank. of the life and training of .your men, and know

"Your committee warned me against exaggerated they have some sublime qualities that never can be
eulogy and said: 'Those fellows were just plain, surpassed. The response to call of duty, sym-
ordinary men.* But today as I realize that we are pathy to a brother, fidelity to the employer and
met in memory of men who a few short days or the watchful care for the lives of those entrusted
weeks ago were setting brakes and turning the to their care. A few years ago, I saw a railroad
twitches, but who today receive the feeble offered wreck which proved to me that trainmen are en-
tribute of our love. I pause in reverence and awe, dowed with almost more than human tenderness
and I realize that my sympathy is sufficient to and sympathy. The dispatcher had given through
comprehend, but my words are inadequate to ex- running orders to two trains. A crash had come;
press the significance of this meeting. I dare not a brakeman was killed; that was all. But surely
hope to bring new thought on the history of the in that early morning light, heaven looked down
lives of your departed members. You knew them in blessing on the trainmen as they placed him on
far better than I. I cannot expect to erect a the car door. I have watched the tender touches
monument to their memory for their lives and of the nurse. I have seen the doctor as he re-
work are more lasting than any words that I can licved pain. I have witnessed the minister as he
give I can only shed a tear in token of respect knelt by the bedside to administer extreme unction,
as you weep in reverence and affection. Meetings but have never seen more tenderness displayed
such as this cause all to bow in sympathy and with more look of helpful sympathy than I saw
look forward to the great beyond. in that early morning light in those trainmen as

"This is exclusively an industrial time. We are they administered to Jim Burton. Scarce a word
«. Jndld that' machinery has revolutionized and was spoken untU he was freed from the rubbish
7r^J^lt^^l^^^ that is comparatively of the train. Then one of the men opened the
nel thaT^e machine can now do the work of watch of the poor fellow. It had stopped, time
te?' marines of as many years ago, and can 8:46. Inside the watch was the picture of a
Tppllt me^ by Ae scores or even hundreds woman and a child. Then one of the men spoke
I^d tWs rno leL true in the conducting of great of him as comrade Someone has said that W
and tms is no ic endeavor But take rade is the gem of the human language which at

Tl:tr^ <^ n:^^t:r^o....r com. times means little ,»s than love and little more
plex i/ fystem. however complicated the ma- than friendship. That gentle salutation of the
SdnerJ. the humn hand must guide and the h- human heart that lives in all the language o
^^;e mu.t oversee and keep it in repair, men; that wind, and turn, and runs trough •"
S«at railroad, spend millions of money to im- the joy. and sorrows of the human race; through
p^ve fteLXhi^ and rolling stock and road- thought and word and dream; through song and
w TheyTuy thT latest of all kinds of ma- toil and batUefield.' Next one of the men placed
Ainery but tSey also buy the «rains that make a blouse at his head and tenderly v«th a b.g
*e ^nes; the muscles that control them. They brown hand as gentle as an «,gers touch brushed
tor^ eye that reads the signal. Yes. the hands aside a lock of h«r from the forehead of the
ttTt cUp Ae coupons buy the hand, that turn the brakeman and «ftly said: 'Poor devil! He
!^.ch R^lroa.to are engaged in transportation, knew what the picture in the other', watch .tood
S: ty ^uXTn huS^life. and up to this for. He knew that a messenger would that mo™-
toe 4e'»^. of niinois have not thrown safe- ing be «mt to her whose picture was in the watd,
Z^d. Lound this traffic in hum«. life. The fires case. He knew that it WM only a game of di«,ce
TT ^„e. on the railroads are fed from the and that the place, of the other men might have
St touTTuscUs of their employes. The train, been revered; and I made »P »J "'"j '^^ --
are said to rest upon steel rails, but in reality ing that a trainman never need *«" <>«<»«« ""en
SI r^ upon the nerve, of the employe, and worst came to worst, he wiU find a brother who
^^ ^i\Z WhT there is scarcely a telephone will do all that human hands can do and whose
^Te X"e Tn'line of the gr J system's but sympathy will call down heaven's choicest bless-
«i« tMtifv to a tragedy too terrible to paint. Ings on them both. ....

SL^^tch to theTard rtand. as a monument " 'Just plain, ordinary men.' but their sympathy
to^rk the pUce where th. life of K>me employe fof a fellow i. unsurpassed in any order or orgam-
TJ^U, ffiAt EvT™ rtreet to our city ha. stood aation to the world. The crutch, the empty sleeve
;;rriliX e^«S »»co,er.d ^U, u th. .nd th. mi«to, tn^ U^ of^th. fidelhy to

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702 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

employert. Plain, ordinary men they may be, yet wings above every sod. To nature's signs of

vast amounts of property and human life are left tenderness we add our own. Not ashes to ashes,

wholly in their charge. Their muscles strong, dust to dust, but blossoms, laurels to the laurreled.

their nerves steady and their eyes are true. We "Today we stand with deep sorrow in every

so often hear the eulogy of men in other lines, heart and tears coursing their way down every

The surgeon, for example, whose calling is of the cheek. What wonderous gems! Within these lit-

highest. He is pictured as holding the life of his tie globes lives all the pain and all the joy the

patient in his hand. It is a touching sight as the world will ever know. 'Tis called a tear,

patient is ready for the operation, to watch the "As we tenderly bid farewell to the graves or

surgeon as he skillfully performs his part. A those of you who have finished the last run, let us

slip would cost a life and the world would remember that even though we may be on th^

call it unavoidable. As high as is the call- siding for a time, the track will soon be

ing of the surgeon, I place the trainmen by his cleared for us and we will make the run on

side. Their responsibility is as great as his. home. As we leave them now let us part from

The mistaking of a signal, the wrong lever would them with the words that Mark Twain put upon

not cost merely a life, but a score of lives. The his wife's tombstone:

man who made the mistake stands in danger of Warm southern winds, blow softly here;

criminal prosecution, he loses his job and wrecks Warm southern winds, blow softly here;

not only the train but takes the lives of others Creen sod above, lie light, lie light,

and himself. Good night, dear heart, good night, good night."

• Ihe traveling public is aUoIutely dependent ^^ ^^^ ^,^ ^.^^ ^ ^^ ^^^^ ^

upon your .kill and watch (ulne« You may be ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ benediction, which wa. pro-

plain, ordinary men, but I know of no class who ^ _ . u T^ t «r n- * t? • it

•^ ' ... j.^.i- .La. nounced by Dr. J. Wellmgton Fnzzelle.

are entrusted with a more sacred trust than that ,«.^ ' «. ^* *u j » j j * j

i.n.i.i.jfnn 'r« ^hc gravcs of the departed were decorated

given to the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, c j s v - •.. -^ r ^t.

* ^ - .. J V J a. 1 Sunday morning by a joint committee from the

You are not always noticed. You do not clamor ^ r r* n-> j *!. t j- . a -i-

... . ^ B. of R. T. and the Ladies Auxiliary,
for public recognition; you simply do your duty

and respond to call."

Continuing, he said: "The United Sutes has Memorial Day At Sayrc, Pa.

set apart a day as a Memorial to its soldier dead.

Eighty million people stand with uncovered head The auditorium of the Methodist church was

and pause in silent reverence at the tomb and by filled to overflowing when the annual Memorial

the act of decoration they dedicate the living and sermon was preached to the B. of R. T. and the

:oinroemorate the dead. Once every year we draw O. R. C. by the Rev. Justus F. Warner. The

aside the sombre curtain that half conceals the main section of the auditorium was given to the

sorrows of the past and drop a tear upon the ashes visiting orders and the Trainmen, Conductors and

of the founders and defenders of our nation, their wives filled many pews. Dr. Warner took

Once every year we scatter flowers to cover up his text from the first epistle of St Paul to the

the scars of war. Once every year with tender Corinthians. It was "For we are God's fellow

hearts we slowly wend our way to that final camp- workers." The pastor brought out first the idea

ing ground and pause at the silent tents of those that all men are dependent upon one another and

whose lights went out in obedience to the final this idea of inter-dependence, so well understood

call of taps. But today we meet to crown the by railroad men was the main theme of the ser-

memory of men who gave their lives in civil strife, mon.

I revere the memory of the soldier but his life is "We arc not isolated and disconnected with the
all destructive. Yours is constructive. His was people about us," said Dr. Warner, "we are all
to crush out wrongs. Yours to build up rights, members of one great family, we are not depend-
to add to the material prosperity of mankind. I ent nor yet self-dependent but inter-dependent,
for one am glad to join in the token of respect Every great military campaign b not due to the
for these men who have dedicated their lives to general who planned it, only, but to every soldier
the accomplishments of peace. who fought in the battle and to the laborers who

"To the Auxiliary, to her who must come to the dug the trenches about the fort,

door of the cottage to receive the awful tidings "The first thing of importance in this text is

when the crisis comes or who lives in dread of the fact that we are all workers, there are no

fatal messages. I can only say that when the drones or idlers. In matters of morals there are

tragedies occur I can only point you to Him who two classes good or bad; in matters spiritual there

because of His own Gethsemane can see and un- are also two classes, saved and unsaved; but in

derstand. As our thoughts revert to the cemetery, the actual business of this world, matters indus-

to the silent mounds that you have so tenderly trial, there are three classes of people. First,

strewn with flowers, this time in spring so typical those who sit by and see others work; second,

of birth and life, we say with Higginson "We those who work spasmodically, those who at times

gather at those mounds which nature has already expend a spasm of energy and then are idle for

decorated with the memorials of her love. Above a time until the next spasm strikes them; the

every tomb, her dai!y sunshine smiled, her tears third class is the one that can be depended upon

have wept over the humblest, she has bidden some every day in the week and every hour in the day.

grasses nestle, some vines creep and the butterfly — This is the sort of person for whom there is no

andetit emblem of immorttUty — wtves bii little need of the foreman's eye. These three rliwco

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703

of people maj well be defined is shirkers, jerkers
and workers. But in result there is only one
class, the workers, they alone accomplish anything.

"The second idea of the text is that we are all
fellow workers, not only factors, but joint fac-
tors in the work of life. Each of you is related
on the railroad with the work of some other man.
Every engineer depends upon the lowliest
foreigner that helped as a member of the track
gang to lay the rails. No man's success in this
world is altogether his own. His success may
have been the result of the faithful work of some
man beneath him who laid the foundations which
permitted success. Your success hinges on . an-
other man's fidelity and by the same law of inter-
dependence your failures are not wholly your own.
The careless work of some one else may be
reaped by you as a failure.

"And along this line let me say a word to the
wives of the Trainmen here tonight Your wives
are a part of the Lehigh system and a great part,
on you depends much, and my advice to you is to
pack the pail peace upon piece — remember p-e*a-c*e
upon p-i-e-c-e. A man who leaves home in the
morning with his disposition spoiled by cross words
is affected all day by that first half hour of un-
pleasantness. It may affect him in a way to hurt
others; he may through his brooding overlook
some factor necessary to his success. Send him
away in the morning with a mind at rest and
peace in his heart and greet him at night with a
smile.

"The third great truth in my text is that we
are God's fellow workers. We stand in a definite
relation to the Divinity. No company of men
can run a railroad without God. His laws may
be broken. His day desecrated. His name pro-
faned, but notwithstanding all this He helps the
road to run every day. He hid away in the hills
the meUl which was to make the rails; He gave
to steam his expansive power so that engines may
run; His natural laws are absolutely necessary to
the company of men who try to run a road. We
plan but behind us is One who gives clearness to
the brain and strength to the muscles.

"We are workers together and we must ob-
serve common rules and signals. As railroaders
you work in the interests of the Lehigh Valley;
as workers with God« we must work in His inter-
ests. There are signals on the Lehigh that you
must pay attention to, just so are there signals on
the road that leads to Heaven and there is only
one road running there. Every time you use pro-
fanity there is a signal set against you and this
road to Heaven is different from the Lehigh in
this respect, you can't run into a switch and hope
at the other end to run into the main line again.
The switches of sin leading from the main line of
salvation don't join the main line again. The
only signal to heed the switch of sin is the signal
to go back and get on the main line again at the
point where you left it."

Dr. Warner finished his sermon with an origi-
nal poem of his own.

The work of this world needs men good and true
To take up its duties and carry them through;

Who shrink from no burden, but cheerfully take
The responsible cares of throttle and brake.

The world has its wealth of mountain and field.
For th* needs of mankind their abundance they

yield.
But how could we send them to ocean and lake.
Were it not for the men at the throttle and brake?

The streets of the city resound with the tread
Of thousands of toilers who labor for bread.
ImporUnt among them — we must not mistake —
Are those who stand daily at throttle and brake.

The world has its heroes. They're everywhere

found;
In city, in country, on the sea, 'neath the gnmnd;
Nowhere more certain — we make no mistake —
Than inside the jeans at the throttle and brake.

The night has grown wild, the storm rages high.
The darkness intense — except when the sky
Is rent by fierce lightning, and thunderbolts make
The earth rock and tremble; and throttle and

brake
Seem livid with flame, when just around the bend.
Where the hills tower high and the streamlets de-
scend;
A rock, undermined by the torrents of rain,
Comes thundering down just in front of the train.
A toot from the whistle, a push of the hand,
A sudden reverse, a puff of the sand,
A turn of the wrist, and the line quickly feels
The rush of the air, and the brake grips the

wheels.
"Bill, jumpl" (To the fireman) "We're onto

the rock.
The speed is too great. The terrible shock
Will wreck engine and train, and likely enough
Carry the whole of us over the bluff I"
One terrible instant, an insUnt in which
He might swing to the step and drop to the ditch
Regardless of self, for the passengers' sake
He stands at his post at the throttle and brake.
And true to his trust, in face of grim death
Undaunted he stands until the last breath.
Thus dies the trainman for humanity's sake.
One hand on the throttle, and one on the brake.

Today you have met in the house of the Lord
Receiving the truth that comes from His word;
And halt for a while, for memory's sake.
At the graves of your fellows from throttle and
brake.

Ah, brothers! We too shall soon make our last

run.
The journey will end. Our labors be done.
No terrors can then our confidence shake
If we lived for our Lord while at throttle and

brake.

Seek now for the witness of pardon from sin.
Nor rest till the Spirit has formed Christ withiime
Then well sUnd at the throne— a crown of kNAL
take— ^ who

When done with our toil at throttle and br^jver to

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The Home "*'*' **"' *** **" ^'^"^ f**^ '■''*■ ^^ "' "^

right here that many a good indnstriooa citizen

Highland Park, III. J" '"^"^ °" °" '^o"* « ?«>••"«» ^I?"*

The foUowing donation, have been received at J""*^' <»««"»"'«<» •"J' "' ■»«»• Not one of u.

the Home for the month of June: ''*" ^* ^. »»' *» ""^nber that we or our

n D T T ^ ancestors emigrated to our snores, and we can t

Lodges. throw stones at any good desirable immigrant who

" ^«00 »08 ^10<>0 comes; but be sure they are desirable, hodfest,

®* *-^® "• ^l^ able, and willing to work. But what is a good

^■* *-®® "® ®®" desirable immigrant? It is not one that is imported

*®* "-^ *®^ '-^ to toke the place of a good honest laborer. The

*'* *-^ "® ' ^-^ great Homestead strike was. I think, caused by

tii Kn people who had but a short time before been

161.60 imported to take the places of honest laborers, but

L. A. T. Lodges. 'soon found out they could not live on the wages

* $10.00 «08 $ 2.00 paid. They proved they were undesirable to both

«* 800 227 , 8.00 parties as well as themselves. The man with the

^ fiOO 810 6.00 overcrowded family, be he unhealthy or wealthy.

11* 6.00 822 6.00 jg not desirable because he has got to grab and

18® • • • ^-00 hold on to the first job he can get and live in just

as small a house as possible, and soon you have

Total $42.00 filth and disease to contend with, along with low

Summary. wages. But the good strong, determined man

O. R. C. Divisions $122.76 with a family he is capable of supporting is the

B. R. T. Lodges 61.60 man to whom you want to give the hand of

B. L. £. Divisions 258.00 friendship. The laws should be very rigid on

B. L. F. Lodges 17.00 the size of a man's family. Who is to blame if

L. A. C. Divisions 86 .00 a farmer buys more stock than he has room or

L. A. T. Lodges 42 .00 feed for and still keeps buying more. You would

G. L A. Divisions 27.00 all say he is a fool« and he certainly is. We read

L. S. to B. L. F. Lodges 66.60 with pleasure that part of the Scripture where it

James Costello, No. 270 O. R. C 1.00 says be fruitful and multiply, but we all say we

Alfred S. Lun^ No. 466 B. R. T 1.00 never saw that one where it speaks about denying

Lawrence Gannon, No. 4 B. R. T 1.00 ourselves. Read it up, friends, and show it to

Carl and Russell Shank 10.00 others.

Andrew Malm. No. 420 B. L. £ 6.00 Montreal reports for the first week of July

Subscription taken at a union meeting held 177 births and 117 infant deaths; disease and

in Dallas, Tex., through J. Bruce .... 26.35 mothers too young and foolish to take care of

Solomon Bixler, Hanover, Pa 1.00 them. Is that obeying the law or is it murder?

W. A. George, No. 76 B. L. F. & E 1.00 We are every day building large institutions and

Station No. 14, Meridan, Miss, through men and women are giving their lives to try and

Brother Hull 7 . 00 stamp out disease, and yet our laws allow men

B. B. Glime, No. 897 B. R. T 1.00 and women to die with disease and perfect

idiots to marry and have children. Like begets

Total $658.10 like. How can their descendante help being

Miscellaneous. worse than their parents? This province is

Two quilte from No. 812 L. A. T. loaded with them. I have seen a whole family—

Respectfully submitted. father, mother and ten children — turned back by

John O'Kxbfs, **»* United States emigration department, as the

' Secretary and Treasuier. whole family were idiots. Isn't that awful?

■ Now, when people are public charges they should

be Uken care of and that before they cause, more

Farnham, Que. sorrow than their own plight. The pictures in

the Journal I think are doing good. They show

Beautiful weather, balmy breezes and the fra- us that it does not end by having a big family.

grant perfumes furnished by the sweet-scented but we must provide for them. You can't very

clover and sending it broadcast on the four winds well force a man to give you a larger house than

to one and all alike, make us think that life is he has or a larger one than you can pay for.

worth living and it is well to be here. We hear Neither can a man, because he has a large family,

a continuous cry. stop immigration! But the demand work and more wages than he is worth.

quesUon is who shall we stop and how and or the man that has a small or no family at all.

where shall we draw the line. It has been drawn He goes hand in hand with the fellow who will

e by the amount of money one had in his pocket not try to save or protect himself or family, and

ha>when be came up before the inspector. If he just as soon as anything does happen to him he

iprassd the required amount, regardless of his quality, demands the saving fellow keep him. The C. P.

andenivas passed along; on the other hand, regard- Railway has several sUtions fixed up for dwellings

of his good qualities, if be did not have the for their agents of about six ofs seven rooms.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL 705

Several families have grown so fast they had to Brother Morrissey successfully generaled his

annex the waiting room and part of the freight forces through Georgia, and we are pleased he is

shed and then asked for a larger house. Who still at the head of our army and that his same

was to blame? The man that owned the house or suff of officers is with him. Best wishes for

the man that was overflowing it? Who is to you all, brothers. Keep up the good work. We

blame for child labor? There should be com- were sorry the space between the conventions

pulsory free schooling to a certain age, and pun- was not extended, but it is is now up to us to

ishment for the parenU if the child is not at make the two-year "fogies'* stay at home and

school unless it is sick; then it should be suck their thumb in 1909.

cared for. Have the school board keep close Ub The G. T. R. has chosen a lawyer to arbitrate

on them and you have done away with child labor, for them in their trouble with the engineers, a

If a parent cannot provide for his family, jafl mun who could not open the cylinder cocks or

him where he will be out of the way. (I would g^y why they did not take water through the

suggest other means.) Have the stote look after »tack. to arbitrate with an engineer on his duty

the family and in a short time you would see ,, gn engineer; and still we wonder at crime.

the position reversed. The man would hustle to Malcolm Bbatoit, No. 871.

provide instead of abuse his privilege. Why, ani- Famham, Que., July 8, 1907.

mals are protected by the S. P. C. A. better than

we are. They must be provided with suitable

quarters, not crowded; they must be clean, well NeW Journal PrizeS*

sheltered and fed, or the owner is fined or sent _-

to jail. Why should the same not apply to the The JotrmNAL wants to get the largest circuit-

family? We have whole families that can't read tion of any publication of its kind and for that

or write or speak a word of English, and yet we purpose it has revised iU list of subscription prizes

wonder at crime. I think the JoutNAL would do in the hope that the new offers will prompt our

a lot of good if it would secure and allow space brothers and sisters to renewed efforts to get sub-

for pictures of some of these families and their scribers.

dependents. Harry Orchard shows what kind of men Now no one need work for nothing, for w*

sometimes hold membership in organizations, and offer a prise for one subscription. This prize is

he further shows the class of men that is styled not a house or lot, nor even a pony and cart, but

"detectives'* — the lowest of the low criminals it is a good B. R. T. pin that retails for 60 cents

from the drop of the hat. Some years ago the and it is about as good an offer as we can afford

Grand Trunk detective force, after sending sev- to make for subscriptions received. Then we have

eral innocent people to jail, were themselves other pins we offer for 8 subscribers; others we

caught and proven to be the real culprits and offer for 4 and 6 names «nd we have two Auxiliary

sent to jail, and it looks like the same kind of emblems we offer, each for 6 and 10 names, the

work in Orchard's case. latter with the name of the owner engraved on

_. , . . - T* ^ ^r* We have all kinds of rings running from

The Japanese pnnce has come and gone. It ,_ * •« 'r * *i. i j t

, "^ J.- *^ .... t. ^ i. i Ifi names to 80 names. Two of them are lady's

makes no difference who it is or what it is as . < «l • • « • •.!.

, , . , ^. . , ,, . .... rings, one of them is a signet ring with monogram

Ion« M .t ba a mk. we bow the knee k». h,. ^^^ ^ ^^ ,^j ,^^ ^^^ ^^^ 3 ^ ^

feet. g.»e h.m free u« of our ho»«hoW, fal ^„^ ^^ ^^^^ „^ ,^„, ^ ^^ ^^ ^„,

over each other in our eagerness to be one to let

secured for prizes. The designs are new, very

him stand on our necks and say it don t hurt; ^^^ ^^^ ^^j^^^ ^^^ ^^

and m return he gives some one the decoration ^^ ^,^ ^^^ ^^^^ B ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^

of the Rising Sun to some snuff boxes, and to ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ subscriptions, and there are B. R. T.

others a passing glance m return for a tnp and ^„^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^ ^^ subscriptions. These

hospitality across the country; and as soon as ^^^^^ ^^^ exceUent.

the dust is settled another sends word he is com- Qur watches arc of the well established, high

ing. Our Pilgrim fathers came over in a small ^^^^^ i^j^j ^^at stand for themselves and need no

boat to get away from them, and now their de- recommendation. Ask your delegate to the At-

scendants are going back in two large boats just ,g„tg Convention what this lot of watches looks

to spend some money on them and try to bring ui^e. The same watch is offered for subscribers as

back an empty title. Even our funny, old and follows: The B. R. T. SUndard for 76 names;

esteemed friend, "Marie Twain," took chances the Lady's Queen for 80 names, and the Commer-

on being shipwrecked and spend a time on some cial Standard for 86 names. This comes very

lonely island as did Robinson Crusoe, just to get close to returning a dollar in prize values for each

the tin handle "Doctor" attached to his name, dollar received in subscriptions, and who is there

His old friend "Bill" Nye must be all doubled that can make an honest offer that can come any-

up with laughter over the thoughts of what a where near it?

great veterinary surgeon and humane specialist In addition we offer to the subscriber a good,

"Mark" will make. George Washington, Johns- readable monthly publication, attractively pre-

ton, Jackson, Henry Oay, Marshall and Daniel sented and filled with entertaining, instructive

Webster were all satisfied, as was W. E. Glad- matter that will be of some interest to every one

stone with the name their parents endowed them, who reads it It is the purpose of the Jouinal

Why is it thus? Answer: Man's inhumanity to to contain something of interest to every one who

himself* opens it. No publication is rcad^rom covfr to

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r06 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

cover because not aH of it U of interest to the With our magnificent membership and the good

reader, but we try to arrange our Jousnal so work we have accomplished we are still in our

that something in it will appeal to each reader, infancy. "It doih not yet appear what we shall

This is a good fair offer to the subscriber; it is be." Our posterity will arise and call us blessed,

not a charitable proposition by any means. We Our names shall be forgotten, but their memories

want everybody to have the Jousnal and we will will go back to the time when our Order was

do our best to give each subscriber a fair return struggling with the great railroad corporations,

for his investment. fighting our way inch by inch in a peaceful war.

We want every Brotherhood man and woman and they will thank God almighty that we had

to take up this work for us. Will not each one the courage to stand for the defense of our rights,

of you help us a little? If you do we will be Brothers, how much energy do you exert for

helped a wonderful lot the great cause ? Have you ever thought of our

Look ai our advertising pages for our list of greatness? If not, I advise you to read your
new prizes and offers that range from a prize for Joubnal. You will be surprised at what it con-
one subscription to a fifty-dollar watch for seventy- tains that will interest you. It Ukes ite place with
five subscribers. the best of high-class magazines. Those who do

not attend lodge do not know what they miss. It

J f T ^ ^ *^^ place to get an education in the great evo-

i^OganspOrt, ma. ^^^^^ ^l ^^^ twentieth century. Your Worthy

,., , ^ ^. Master will give you a hearty welcome and your

No. .109 .s growing very ..pldly, due to the ^^^^ ^.„ ^ ^^ i^pi^tL to him. If you

hearty coK>perat.on of .11 member, .nd the «xcel. ^ ^ ^^ be,„&t^ come out «id help tr«.^

lent b».m«».like manner in which our Worthy ^ ^^ ^^^^ y^^ ^.„ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^

MMter uid the other officer, .ttend to the bu«- ^^ ^^^^ .„ ^ ,^^ ^^^ .j,^^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^

ne.. entrujted to them. ^i„ ^ f^^^ whenever it is ponible to be there

We have no boom, but we .re keeping our go.t .j ,„ , ^ ^^^^„

pretty busy, yet he u not worked to h.. full «- p^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ,^ ^^ ^^^,, ^^^ ^^^^ ^^

•""!'• . ,..»,„ good work along. T.lk to tho«e who we eligible

We h.ve our di.re of non-.ir.. To clI .ome ^^ „^„terAip. Tell them what we have done

of them non-.ir. i. putting .t very mild. I refer ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^„ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^.^^

to tho« who h.ve been eligible for from one to ^^^ ^^^ ^, ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^
five year, and even more. Our Grwid Lodge officer, are doing ril they

I often wonder if it would not be «»e for our ^^ ^^, ^^ ^^^ ^^ .^ ^, .j.hey need your

Grand Lodge to offer a liberal reward to wme ^^^ ^j„ ^ ^^ ,^ ^„^^„ ^^^^^ ^.^^

brother who would coin »me word that would be ^ ^^^.^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^, ^^ ^

.pplicable to such men. They even Ulk of their , ij.^ y^f„, ^^ j,,„ „, ,^^„

rights and want us to do something for them. , jj Fiild

They go to the pay car and draw their money p„^ „^,,^; ^^ jj,,

along with us, then go out and pay various saloon
bills amounting to from $5 to $30 each month and
play poker with what they have left Ncwarlc Lodge, No. 219.

People who are so selfish to, and ignorant of,

their own interests are perhaps more to be pitied It has come to my knowledge that my articles

than censured. After all are we not better off in the two last issues of the JouaNAL, touching

without them? What possible benefit can such on the o)d M. & E. Division of the Lackawanna

narrow-minded people be to a great progressive were well received and much appreciated by some

Order like the grand old B. of R. T.? The lodge of the old timers of this road. I could have gone

is certainly better off with them on the outside, back more than twenty years, for I have a long

"By their fruits ye shall know them." I think all memory, and before I close the chapter, I wish to

loyal brothers should treat such people with con- mention two more of my old-time friends, viz:

tempt for they are not of our class and have no Brother Friery, an old member of «1» and Brother

desire to be. Fred Clow from No. 219.

They expect us to get good working conditions In summing up my recollections of the old M.
and wages for them and pay for them out of our & E. Division, I can say that No. «1» can justly
own pocketo while they often spend all their claim a large percentage of the old M. & E.
wages with the degenerates of the town. They "boys," and she is proud of her record. The old
arc in a class of their own and should be treated M. & E. was known far and wide as the best rail-
likewise, road in this section for iu treatment of its men.

Brothers, do not be discouraged. We are doing The hours of work were not long. There was no

our share to advance the great principles of the Sunday work. The only train that ran on that

Brotherhood of Man and the Fatherhood of God. day was the milk train, which went west at five in

Thousands of our beloved brothers are called the morning and returned at ten at night. The

into eternity ever year. Are we not proud to say employes, especially trainmen, could procure work

they have done their work well for our great anywhere. All they had to say was that they came

cause? Their memories are an inspiration to us. from the M. & E. and it is just the same today.

'They rest from their labors, but their works And now, having refreshed the memory of tome

do follow them." of my old-tine friends, many of whom I see dally

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

707

on my trips to New York City, I wi'.l briefly touch
on the "new" M. & E. by. saying that when the
first train ran over the depressed tracks in New-
ark, so far as our end of th s dd road is concerned,
the old M. & E. passed out of existence. There
is no more Broad street station at the foot of the
hill. The old flag shanty which stood under the
shadow of the signal pole is no more, to the sorrow
of some of its regular "boarders." I can see
that one and only signal now as it was in the
old days. A large disk on a tall pole, one side
painted red, the other white, operated by efficient
men, it was effective. The M. & E. is now mod-
ernized and thoroughly equipped with modern sig-
nals and we are back from our trip "backward"
and will dwell upon affairs present.

In August of this year our lodge will be twenty
years old and we will observe the occasion in a
befitting manner. We are taking in candidates
right along.

On the 25th day of August Newark Lodge No.
219 will be twenty years old. It is the third oldest
lodge in this section, Nos. 119 and 99 of Jersey
City being the oldest. Organized with a member-
ship exclusively of M. & E. men, it rapidly grew
in size and prestige. Its influence was known far
and near. It was and is today the only lodge of
Brotherhood men in the city of Newark, except No.
78. No. 834 was formed from iu membership, but
when this lodge ceased to exist we regained all
who left us.

A. M. Douglass,
Journal Agent No. 219.

"Overtime Is Blood Money.'*

Why was the switch left open?
Why was the train derailed?
Whose was the brain got muddled?
Which was the hand that failed?
Search for the cause, ye judges.
Ye who define our laws;
Search for it well and truly,
Search for the hidden cause.
Think of the man at the throttle.
Think of the fireman brave,
Who died at their posts of duty.
Now in their lonely grave.
Think of the cry of the orphans.
Think of their parents, dead.
Think of their grief and anguish.
Think of the tears they shed.
Question your next poor victim,
Blamed as the cause of the wreck.
Charged with neglect of duty
And criminal neglect.
Ask him the hours he worked that day?
Was it more« was it less than ten?
The key to the cause, ye judges,
Overwork *mong the railroad men.
Thirty-six hours at your labors —
Think ye, ye judges true.
How would that suit your honors
If that were required of you?
No time between for any sleep —
Just time to eat your meal.

Put yourself in the brakeman*s place;

Say, how do you think you'd feel?

This is done by railroad men.

Their brains should be bright and clear;

No wonder they get clouded.

And muddled by doubt and fear.

Why is the rich employer

Behind his piles of gold

Dead to the wants of manhood?

Why is the poor man sold?

Make it a crime, ye judges,

For employer to work his men

More than a day at a time, my lords.

Limit the hours to ten.

Why is the public safety

Daily in danger brought?

By brains that are dull and heavy.

Because they arc overwrought.

Why was that brakeman killed today

Who fell from the moving train?*

"Asleep at his post of dutyl"

The Coroner will explain.

Asleep 1 Yes, asleep on duty!

This stain on the dead man's name.

No breath of the overwork he did

On him rests the only blame.

Why did that trusted engineer

Run his train 'gainst the semaphore?

Which was stopped in time by the fireman

Just stopped in time — no more.

That engineer had served for years.

Was a trusted, well tried man;

Why did he fail that morning?

Explain to me this who cnn.

Asleep with his hand on the throttle.

Dreaming of wife and home.

Awoke to find himself disgraced

And his future plunged in gloom.

"Short of men you must make the run!"

Are words that I seem to hear

As said by his superior

To that trusted engineer.

Why do ye sleep, ye judges!

Awake from your torpid sleep.

And work for the weal of the nation;

In this take an interest deep.

Give us a law for a ten hour day.

For employer and men alike.

On the man who breaks the written law

Let the hammer of justice strike.

D. McCuBBiN, No. 506.

Hattiesburg, Miss.

I am exceedingly glad, and of course highly
enthused over the fact of being able to inform
you of our success, with the able assistance of
Brother H. A. Adams, Deputy Grand Master and
Organizer, in organizing Mississippi Lodge No.
771 at this place on June 14th, with fifty charter
members, and at our regular meeting, June 23d,
we put twelve more good brothers through the
mill.

We have several applications on hand for our

next meeting. It is beyond doubt that we have

lou more fine material on the fou^-soads runs ing

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

in here from whom we can make many more
good, settled and fair minded Trainmen, and
there are more coming every day. Of course our
railway officials are a great help to us by using
their judgment in securing good men with a clear
record, and encouraging, and doing all in their
power to elevate the younger class to the highest
standard of railroad men.

With the material we have in store, and what
we will secure in the near future, we do not hesi-
tate to say. and hope to be able to back it up,
that No. 771 will no doubt be the banner lodge of
the state in a very short time.

It is very encouraging and a great consolation
to know that we appreciate the fact that,
"United we stand: Divided we fall."
Yours truly,

H. E. McGkbgos,
Lodge No. 771.

Brother William Dougherty Hon-
ored At The Convention.

Whereas, Brother William Dougherty, of Collin-
wood, Ohio, Lodge No. 140, has served as chair-
man of the "Benefit Claims" Committee for sev-
eral conventions and he has at all times made
his recommendations from what he considered
fairness and justice to the claimants^ their bene-
ficiaries and the Brotherhood, and.

Whereas, Brother Dougherty has, from time to
time, been engaged in earnest debate with zealous
delegates defending their rights as representatives
in Grand Lodge and as such debates may have
caused some delegates to think that Brother Dough-
erty has become hardened and unsjrmpathetic, and
unmindful of the great charitable heart and sys-
tematic benevolence of the Brotherhood; be it,
therefore.

Resolved, That the thanks of this Convention
be extended Brother Dougherty and that we com-
mend him to all members as a worthy champion
of their rights; be it further

Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be
furnished Brother Dougherty and be printed in
the Railioao Tkainmbn's JouaNAL.

J. G. HOLLOWAT (248),
H.-J. Daubeet (679),
L. Allison (257),
V. S. Wilson (7«2).
J. W. CHBSHiai (274),
E. E. Love (67).

F. E. Dupell Lodge, No. 231.

I have been a reader of the Jouenal a good many
years and always look forward to the time of its
arrival. No. 231 is one of the most lively lodges
there is in the country. We have a membership
of over 265 members in good standing, from one
to three tender-feet every Sunday; but there is one
thing we are a little short on — that is the attend-
ance. Every brother should make it a point if
possible to attend lodge every meeting. We meet
every Sunday at 9:80 a. m. and every member
should be there unless necessity compels him to be

absent Visiting brothers always welcome. There
is nothing that gives life and energy to a lodge
more than to see the chairs filled up, officers of
the lodge especially. It locks bad to have to fill
up one-half of the officers' chairs every meeting.
I have met members before now after I had left
the lodge room and asked them why they were not
at lodge. It is amusing and also aggravating to
hear their different excuses. Some have been fish-
ing, others did not wake up in time, or forgot
about it being lodge day, or it was tco hot or too
cold to get out of the house or "I thought there
would be enough there without me, etc.*' It is
strange the number of excuses that can be in-
vented to stay away from the lodge room. Sup-
pose we all felt that way. The B. of R. T., which
is now one of the strongest labor organizations
in the world, would soon be a back number and
we would drift back to the same conditions and
the same old rut we were in away back in the
eighties. When we got paid by the day, and a
day's work consisted of the beginning and ending
of the trip, we did well and thought we were get-
ting a good salary if we could make $50 per month.
I broke on a local freight seventy-mile division with
only two brakemen for $1.40 per day and no over-
time. Same run today is paying $70 and $75 per
month with three brakemen, with overtime after
10 J hours. The B. of R. T., with the help of
other labor organizations, has made that run what
it is today. There are lots of other just such cases.
So let the battle cry be onward. Never say back
up. The life of a lodge depends on live members
and No. 231 has some good live ones. As Peter
O'Hem said in the May Jouenal:

"Let timid sailors homeward fare.
Let fearsome prophets cry 'alack t'
When captains of high purpose dare
There is no turning back."

You who are getting a little negligent about
attending lodge, just stick a pin in yourself and
come out and be classed as one of the live ones.
Come up to the lodge room and find out what
has been done. Don't wait until you meet one of
the live ones or get out on the road next day and
ask your "buddy" what was doing up to lodge
yesterday. Come out and get acquainted and help
some of the tenderfeet over the rocky roads. We
will be glad to see you in the lodge room if you
don't do any more than come up and sign your
name to the register.

There are 879 Auxiliary lodges. Sisters, wake
up I Would like to see 879 letters every month in
the Jouenal from you. Pages 635, 636 and 637
of the July Jouenal should be read by every
member of the B. of R. T. organization and
should be shown to every prospective candidate on
every railroad in the United States.

I want to make one more appeal to the negli-
gent. Wake up and come to lodge more often
and also hustle a little more for new members.
Don't wait until they ask you for an application.
Put out your hooks and get them. Don't let
them get away. There is some good material to
work on in and around the **Hut." Become a
working part of the Brotherhood.

Yours in B., S. and I., T/^lV^SipRMly^
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EDITORIAL

Vol. XXIV.

No. 8

Always Be Ready For Business.

The president of one of our railways re-
cently said, "I believe that in economic
affairs the only way to get a fair share is to
be prepared always to fight, and, when
necessary, to fight for it/'

Mr. Stickney, not being a labor agitator
as the term is commonly accepted, could
afford to express his opinions without dan-
ger of being called an anarchist, or ^t best
a socialist. What he said has been accepted
as sound doctrine by every individual, cor-
poration and government that knows exact-
ly what the price of peace means.

Our government offiers an excellent dem-
onstration of what unpreparedness means.
The only way to assure peace is to be so
powerful that every other power realizes
the uselessness of trying force to secure its
purposes. For this reason each government
is continually adding, to its military and
naval strength. It has resulted in a mad
race for such advantage that militarism has
become a burden on the old countries of
Europe and in time to come the expense
will be much heavier in this country. It is
the expense that counts with us, not the
hatred of the uniform or the distaste for
military service. We sometimes try to make
believe we dislike fuss and feathers, but
the average American cannot die happy
unless he has "joined" something or an-
other that allows him to turn out on state
occasions with a sword and a hat full of
feathers. We are military enough but we
dislike to abandon our old-time notion that
we are sons of liberty and all that. But,

back to the lessons of preparedness that
governments teach, or ought to teach, labor
organizations.

The average member of a labor organ-
ization is not a fighter. He prefers to fol-
low the paths of peace, listen to the reports
of his chosen representatives and, if things
go well to accept conditions as his right
and make no personal effort to assist the
work of organization except to pay his
dues and "knock" occasionally when some
one advises him that "things are not right."

The majority of the labor organizations,
like all other fraternal organizations, rest
on the hearty endeavors of a few of the
members who realize the need for con-
stantly keeping at it and who hold their
organization to its field of operations. If
there is danger then there is a rallying
around the flag and a hard effort to get up
to the fighting standard in a hurry. How
much better it would be always to be ready.
The defenses of the organization cannot be
substantially repaired in a day, nor can an
offensive action be followed if the organiza-
tion has allowed its interest to wane and
new employes not brought into the organ-
ization.

Always be ready to fight and you will not
have to fight. To be ready enough merely
to make a fuss and either back down or get
licked is not the way to carry on the work
of an organization successfully. The price
of peace is preparedness for emergency.

The members of the Brotherhood of
Railroad Trainmen depend too/i
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710 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

rally when danger threatens. It is a mis- Brotherhood is a man's organization, not a
take on the part of the members to sit kindergarten in which certain feeble-minded
down after there has been a settlement are to be brought up on soft thmgs in ex-
made and make no effort to add to the change for their membership. We want men
strength of their organization. It will be who will be as ready to do their part as we
only a question of time until another rally are. We arc not out with a fine-tooth comb
will be necessary and, why not have it hunting for small men and we are not ad-
ready in advance. mitting them by the "touch" system; we

The Journal is not an alarmist, but there ^""^ "^^ *^"'"« ^^"^ .^^^^^ t° ^"'"^ °" ^^

is a common sense side to this argument ^^"^ ^^«^" »"^ ^^ ^«^^y ^*^^ ^^ ^^" P^"

that ought to appeal to each man and get ^^*^^ ^"^ *^« fireworks. Above everythmg

him interested in having every man in the '^^^ ^^ ^'\ "^^ «^»"«^ *° «^^w hysterical

train and yard service in the organization ^"^ overlook anything. It is to be hoped

now. It needs the man and the man needs that every member will be an organizer for

the organization. ^^^ Brotherhood. It has been the means

of bringing along the wages and conditions

When a man is approached he can be of train and yard men to their present stand-
expected to ask, "What has the Brother- ard and now is the time to add to our
hood done for me?" and it ought to be no strength, so that there can be no going
trouble to tell him. If he wants to know backward, and give to us the assurance that
what it will do for him, tell him it will do our strength will be our guarantee of in-
as much for him as he will do for it. The dustrial peace.

Things Doing In The Railroad Business.

There have been quite a number of ques- to-wit : One engineer, one fireman, one
tions under consideration during the past conductor and three brakemen; or a light
few months that will have important bear- engine without cars without a crew com-
ing on the future of railway operation, posed of one engineer, one fireman and one
Among them was the veto of Governor conductor or flagman when running a dis-
Hughes of New York, who declared the tance of ten miles or more from starting
"full crew" bill enacted by the legislature point. According to present practice freight
unconstitutional because of the inequalities trains are very generally operated with a
that made a general measure fair in its op- crew of five persons, and the object of this
cration. bill is to compel the employment of an ad-

His theory was that certain roads did not ditional brakeman. The necessity for this

need the extra man and for that reason it is said to lie in the fact that without three

was unfair and unconstitutional to enact a brakemen the freight trains are insufficiently

law making them employ him. He could manned, and that firemen are compelled to

not see the justice of compelling certain leave their places in all kinds of weather

railways to employ men they did not need to throw switches when the two brakemen

because they were necessary on other roads, are required, respectively, to go ahead of

In his veto he said, in part: and behind the train. This bill, however,

"This bill provides that it shall be unlaw- upon the facts developed before me upon
ful for any railroad company in the State the hearing and undisputed, is clearly un-
of New York that runs more than four constitutional. Such a measure should de-
freight trains in 24 hours to run over any fine the service required, with suitable re-
part of its road outside of yard limits any ference to circumstances and conditions, so
freight train composed of more than 20 cars that the law would apply in proper cases
with less than a full crew of six persons, and not otherwise. The billjt^kes no ac-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

711

count of the differences between the dif-
ferent roads and parts of roads, in track-
age and switching facilities, and of the fact
that what may be necessary in the case of
some railroads may be wholly unnecessary
in others. In the case of the New York
Central R. R. it was shown that the track-
age and switching facilities on its main
lines were of such character as to make un-
necessary the employment of a third brake-
man in accordance with *lhe provisions of
the bill. This was frankly conceded by sup-
porters of the bill. To require the expendi-
ture of a very large amount of money (es-
timated at several hundred thousand dol-
lars annually), without necessity for the
outlay, is simply arbitrary exaction and a
taking of property without due process of
law. The bill does not refer its require-
ments to any proper standard of necessity
or provide any criterion by which its proper
application under varying conditions is to be
determined. It contains an absolute re-
quirement which, upon the facts conceded
before me, cannot be justified.**

Under the Public Utilities law the com-
missioners can do what the Governor says
the legislature can not. Is there always a
chance that a politician-commissioner will
manage questions more wisely than a legis-
lative-politician will? We hope so.

USE THEM ALL ALIKE.

There is a demand for publicity in the
matter of railroad wrecks, but this demand
has behind it the further demand that when
the employe is at fault he is to be held
criminally liable and punished accordingly.
This sounds very reasonable to the average
reader who docs not stop to think that, in
justice to the public the demand ought to
go further and demand the punishment of
every operating officer who is in any wise
guilty of contributing to the affair. Atten-
tion is called to the Canadian habit of pun-
ishing railroad men responsible for wrecks
and a demand is made that the United
States do likewise.

If this demand is honest it should carry
with it the insistence that the operating offi-
cer who orders a man to work beyond a
safe number of hours ought to be punished
with the train employe who gets into trou-
ble because he was worn out. If a train

goes over the bank because of faulty right
of way or equipment the proper officers, pre-
sumably the directors, ought to be hung or
sent to prison. If traffic is heavier than
the road will bear and disaster results the
same course ought to be followed. A rail-
road with an appalling record of deaths for
this year, partly because of its rotten ties
and poor track ought to have its directors*
meetings held in jail.

There is a lot of this insistent demand for
punishment that has it in mind that a cor-
poration can neither be hung nor sent to
jaiL

NEW YORK SIXTEEN HOUR LAW.

The sixteen hour bill has been approved
in New York by Governor Hughes. It will
be a misdemeanor for a railroad to work
a train or engine man more than sixteen
consecutive hours and he must have a cer-
tain period of rest after making his regular
number of legally prescribed hours. The
bill reads in effect that it will be illegal for :

"Any employe engaged in or connected
with the movement of any train to remain
on duty more than 16 consecutive hours, or
to require or permit any such employe who
has been on duty 16 consecutive hours to
go on duty without having at least 10 hours
off duty, or to require or permit any such
employe who has been on duty 16 hours in
the aggregate in any 24-hour period to con-
tinue on duty or to go on duty without
having had at least 8 hours off duty, within
such 24-hour period; except when, by cas-
ualty occurring after such employe has
started on his trip, or by unknown casualty
occurring before he started on his trip, and
except when, by accident, or unexpected de-
lay of train scheduled to make connection
with the train on which such employe is
serving, he is prevented from reaching his
terminal."

OTHER FULL CREW BILLS.

Arkansas and Indiana were favored with
the enactment of full crew bills. The roads
are said to be observing the law in each
State with the exception of the ones that,
apparently, have taken up the burden of
testing the legality of the enactments. The
strongest roads in each instance have un-
dertaken to establish the unconstitutionality

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

of the law. Whether the other roads are
partners in the movement so far as sharing
the expense goes we cannot say, but it ap-
pears out of place to suppose that all of
them are in full sympathy v.ith the law
except those that will make J^z t:sts. The
Governors of these two states either over-
looked the objections raised by the Gover-
nor of New York or they believed the laws
were fair and just to all parties interested.

A TIMELY REFERENCE.

The reference of the President to railroad
legislation was fair and timely. When the
spasms of legislation overtook the average
legislature there was a determined effort
made to meet popular demand that some-
thing be done, by strengthening the politi-
cians at the expense of the transportation
companies. One popular form of catering
to public sentiment was to enact a cheap
railway fare bill regardless of whether or
not the companies could furnish service at
the price. Governor Hughes came to the
rescue of the roads in New York and veto-
ed the measure. It is almost a certainty
that the courts will put some of the other
measures out of business on the ground that
operation under the law would mean confis-
cation of the property.

THE HOBO.

The Hobo came in for his share of at-
tention and received a severe shaking up
at the hands of the Charities Association
aided by several railroad officials of high
degree. The "boe" is charged with every-
thing but soda water and it is the recom-
mendation of those interested that he be
driven to the bath tub, the barber's college
and the stone pile. He is held responsible
for the loss of millions worth of railroad
property, murders and other crimes and, he
is guilty of the majority of the crimes
charged against him.

There is no question that at times he ter-
rorizes train crews and on occasion wrecks
a train to get even with the crew. He is
condemned and deserves all the mean things
that have been said of him and he ought to
get "his** just as soon as the proper meth-
ods can be devised.

MARKET FOR FINGERS AND TOES.

President Hill of the Great Northern
said that, if the President's plan for paying

regular rates for injuries were to be adopt-
ed that there would be a greater market for
fingers and toes. The developer of the great
northwest has no patience with the man
who wants pay for losing parts of his anat-
omy while performing the duties incident to
assisting in the development of the north-
west.

President Hill is rather severe in his re-
marks. The market for fingers and toes,
and larger bits of the human form divine
has been ridicuk)usly low for several years
and taking the increased price of other
goods on the market, fingers and toes ought
to bring more now than they ever have.
President Roosevelt is on the right track
and Mr. Hill is off the track. The time
will come when the employer will apportion
a regular part of thr- gross receipts for the
indemnity department and if it raises the
market for fingers and toes it will not be
the worst thing that ever happened.

PENNSYLVANIA COMES TO THE FOSE.

And, Pennsylvania labored and brought
forth certain labor legislation, which will be
regarded with suspicion until i^ has been
tested by the highest courts and decisions
rendered telling the interested where they
are at under the acts of their legislators.

They did do one good thing. They re-
moved the protection the transportation
companies enjoyed under the law of 1868
which held that all employes were fellow
servants regardless of their position. This
law held that postal and express employes
were fellow servants, which to say the least
was a far fetched conclusion but very valu-
able for defense in personal injury cases.

A liability bill was passed which, in the
opinion of the Editor of the Journal, is a
legislative abortion, guiltless of punctuation
or purpose and into which anything needed
can easily be read. This may be a trifle
premature, but it looks as if the operation
of the bill rests on the question of a record
of defect before the appliance was used by
the employe. A law of this character can
be easily disposed of in its first attempt to
operate.

The legislative committee deserves great
credit for getting this much from the Penn-
sylvania legislature. It is a hide bound,
corporation concern, and labor can expect
little from it at the best.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 713

SUITS AGAINST THE COAL ROADS. (d) That twicc in recent years the de-
The hard coal roads have been brought ^^"fants have defeated the construction of
into court to tell "where they got it." The Projected independent railroads from the
Big Stick has bumped into the "Divine ^^^^\ ^^ tidewater, which would not only
Right" and unless all signs fail there will ^^^^ introduced competition into the trans-
be dust on the halo of the imperial Baer P^^ation of anthracite coal, but would have
that will be a revelation and shock to the P«rm»t^ed the output of the independent op-
divine rights of the hard coal combination, orators to be sold in the markets in com-

All the roads in the hard coal field, ex- Petition with that of the defendants,
cept the Pennsylvania and the New York, '^^^ petition prays generally that the de-
Ontario and Western, are included in the Pendants be enjoined from further carrying
suits which were brought because the others ^"* ^^^'^^ combination, and that the above
control 78 per cent of the tonnage and 90 described contracts be cancelled ; that the
per cent of the coal fields and because they "mergers between the Erie and the New
produce 75 per cent of the annual coal sup- ^^^^* Susquehanna and Western and their
ply; that independent operators produce 20 ^^^^ companies, and between the Philadel-
per cent of the product which would be sold P^»^ ^^^ Reading and the Central of New
in competition with the combination if the Jersey and their coal companies be dis-
latter would permit its being done. The solved,
complaint specifies : '^*s will be a long, hard fight for the

(a) That the defendant railroads agreed ^^^^ interests are very strongly entrenched
among themselves upon a uniform contract ^"^ ^^^^ *^c sympathy of the corporations
to be entered into by them or their coal ^" *^« state in which their coal products are
companies with the independent operators n^»ned. It is barely possible that the Teddy
along their respective lines under which the ^^^^ "^^y skin Divine Right Baer and re-
railroads would be able to control the sale ^"^^ *^« P^'^^e of coal to something less
of the independent output, and that by vir- ^^^^ "*^« ^^^^^ will bear."

tue of their control of all the means of prefer penalties to repairs.

transportation from the anthracite mines to The address of Secretary Moseley to the
tidewater save the lines of the PennsyU Master Car Builders' Association contained

vania and the New York, Ontario and several good things, among them a defense

Western, the defendant railroads were able of the Inspectors employed by the Com-

to force and practically did force the inde- mission. It has been the habit of several

pendent operators along their lines into companies to refer in a mean way to the

making these contracts. work of the Inspectors and to insinuate that

(b) That the Erie Railroad has ex- they were using their office to work out
changed shares of its own capital stock for grudges against the railroads. There is
a majority of the shares of the New York, nothing to the statement If they were do-
Susquehanna & Western, a competing line, ing so the fact that the railways were guilty
thereby uniting under a common source of gave ample reason for bringing them to
control the two competing railroad compa- book. There are no grudges being worked
nies and their subsidiary coal companies, off. The law is working properly.

(c) That the Reading Company, which Secretary Moseley referred to the 428
already held all the shares of the Phila- cases that are now on the trial dockets and
delphia and Reading, has exchanged its own the 350 penalties paid and then showed the
shares and bonds for a majority of the trifling reason for the suits in defects that
shares of the Central of New Jersey, a com- could have been repaired with small cost
peting line, thereby uniting under a com- if there had been a disposition to obey the
mon source of control the two competing law. He said:

railroads, and their subsidiary coal compa- The uniform success that has attended

nies, which together transport about 35 per prosecutions demonstrates the care which

cent of the annual anthracite tonnage and our inspectors have taken to secure correct

control about 60 per cent of the anthracite information. In a case decided less than a

deposits. fortnight past a judge from the bench paid

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

a high compliment to two of our inspectors
for their intelligence, and the lucid testi-
mony they furnished on the witness stand.
Out of prosecutions for 927 violations of
the statute to date, adverse decisions (in-
volving four penalties) have been rendered
in but one court. These cases are now
pending on appeal to the Grcuit Court of
Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. Four hun-
dred and twenty-eight cases are now on the
trial dockets, and penalties have been paid
for 350 violations.

Of the various defects constituting the
basis of prosecution, inoperative uncoupling
mechanism constitute a large majority^
There are 672 cases of this character. In
22 cases the chain had become kinked and
wedged in the body of the coupler, thus
rendering it impossible to lift the lock block.
In 92 cases the lock block was either broken
or missing. In five cases the chain connect-
ing the lock block to the lever was too long,
rendering it impossible to lift the lock
block. In 76 cases the lever was missing.
In 23 cases the lever was broken. In 433
cases the uncoupling chain was disconnected
from the lock block, caused by broken links
in chain, broken or missing clevis or missing
clevis pins. There were 15 cases of link
and pin coupler; 21 of inoperative driving
wheel brakes on locomotives; 66 cases of
failure to have the required percentage of
air-brakes; two broken couplers; 102 miss-
ing or insecure grab irons; 21 cases of
drawbars either greater or less than the
standard height, and 27 cases of cars (with-
out couplers) fastened together with chains.

In many instances carriers have paid out
hundreds of dollars in penalties which could
have been entirely avoided by the expendi-
ture of a few cents in labor and materials
for repairs. One road paid $1,400 for de-
fects that could have been repaired at a
cost of $6.45; another paid $1,300 for de-
fects that could have been repaired for
$2.45; another paid $600 for defects that 80
cents would have fixed; another paid $300
which could have been avoided by the ex-
penditure of 15 cents. A total of 282 viola-
tions, involving fines amounting to $28,200,
could have been avoided by the expenditure
of $68.03, or an average cost per violation
of 24 cents. These estimates have been
made with considerable care from the scale

of prices furnished by this Association. Be-
yond any question it is cheaper to repair
safety appliances than to pay penalties.

If this statement proves anything it con-
vinces that the companies prefer to pay
fines rather than to make necessary repairs.
If the employers' liability law ever becomes
operative there is a dead certainty that re-
pairs will receive better attention and there
will not be so many accidents as there are
at present

SURPRISE TESTS ON THE PENNSYLVANIA.

After a six months' interval the Penn-
sylvania railroad made another series of
surprise tests on signals for the purpose of
ascertaining the alertness of the crews. The
results showed that the enginemen are giv-
ing careful attention to all signals and out
of 2,252 tests made, 97 per cent of the en-
ginemen complied implicitly with the rules.
Three per cent passing signals did so by a
few feet only. The passing of a signal at
all is a violation. Perfect records were
shown for the Philadelphia Terminal and
Tyrone divisions for April and the same
good record was shown for March for the
Central, Elmira and Canandaigua and Dela-
ware divisions. On the Pittsburg division
with its heavy traffic for April but one en-
gineman out of 79 failed to heed the sig-
nal. Other divisions had a perfect record,
and the excellent showing made on the New
York division where the traffic is excep-
tionally heavy is commendable. The P. R.
R., has added more than a thousand miles
of block signals to its lines in the past year,
and is making strenuous efforts to have all
rules obeyed. The observance of the rules
applies to all train and enginemen and im-
properly displayed signals, failure to place
torpedoes and fusees also must be reported.

If the Pennsylvania will observe its own
rules there will not be much danger of
trains getting into each other. The dispo-
sition to assist traffic by forcing trains into
blocks too close together has not always met
with the best results and when rules are
annulled to help out a situation the rule
usually ends at that time.

CREDIT MARKS ON THE ATCHISON.

The Journal has taken occasion to refer
to the few credits that are given the men
for extra careful service performed. C)n a

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL, 715

number of roads the practice has been to used a roundabout long-distance telephone,
hand out credits with a stingy hand, while proper classification of accidents.
lavish liberality has marked the giving of In an article of the July issue on rail-
demerits. On looking over a recent issue way accidents a list of the killed and
of The Santa Fe Employes' Magasine, a wounded was published which called for a
number of credits were mentioned that are protest from Mr. Slason Thompson, who
above the usual number for instances of the cares for the publicity department of the
kind mentioned and, in fairness to the sys- General Managers' .Association. In all fair-
tem of merits and demerits, they are here- ness to the question at issue, the criticism
with given : is herewith published. It reads :

W. J. Russell, check clerk, five, for de- Don't you think that it would be the hon-

tecting error in routing on waybill and cor- est thing for a writer with the intelligence

recting it so as to give the company the of the author of "Life and Limb vs. Dollars

long haul. ^^^ Cents," in this month's issue of the

Conductor F. J. Thomas, Brakemen J. K J?^*^^^' *^ *^"^' ^^ ""^^^^^y^ ^^ ""^^P^"-

La Prade and M. M. Penrod, Engineer L. ^»^»^^ ^^^ "^^''^^ t^^^" ^^^^ "^^^^ ^"«»^^^"^

Morrison and Fireman Henslect, Albu- slaughter" he lays at their doors when the

querque division, 20 each, for bringing to ^^^r authority he quotes from does?

life engine that had broken blow-off cock. ^« ""^^^ ^'^ sensational indictment with

They took the broken parts to private shop *^« sentence, "Nine thousand, seven hun-

for repairs, borrowed a hose from the city ^""^^ ^"^ ^^^^ ^^'"«^J ^»^ "^i"^^<^ »" t^«

fire department, refilled engine, fired up and ^^^^^^ ™<>"tb« ^"^'"K J""« 30, 1906."

brought their train forward. I^ he were seeking for the cause of this

J, S. Harian, conductor, 15, for handling "slaughter" in order to apply a sane remedy,
stock train in an emergency without brake- why did he not present the following sum-
men, and putting in two brasses on the trip, maries from the same official source?
thus avoiding a serious delay and claims. I. Casualties in Accidents to Trains.

W. G. Adkinson, engineer, and F. G. Killed. Injured.

Viets, fireman, 10 each, for interest shown Passengers 341 6,080

in thoroughly cleaning engine 221 which was Employes 731 6,438

selected for the Kansas City Commercial o^her persons 148 818

Club special.

A C. Bentz, brakeman, 20, for excellent j^^i jn t^^in accidents 1,220 13,336

service in cutting wire and reporting acci- „ Casualties not due to Acddents to

dent to train No. 8 at Symons, May 3. His j-^g

prompt action made it possible to get assist- * «..„ . t • a

x^ 1 J J ji X Killed. Injured,

ance, start wrecker and reduce delay to p^^^^^^^^ 1^2 4.165

^""T't: t>u axxt w XT t Employes 2,442 30.616

C. R Baker and W. W. McLamey, con- ru^^^ ^,^^- k ktq n xo«

, ^ -^ , - . , , . Other persons 5,579 7,496

ductors, 10 each, for interest and energy

displayed in repairing a Lidgerwood ballast Total not due to train

unloader and getting ,t into shape for ser- ^^^.^^^^^ 8^,3 42,279

Vice during the night, so that it was ready

for use the following morning. ^^^' Casualties m railway shops.

John G. Miller, engineer, 15, for prompt Killed. Injured.

and energetic action upon discovery that Passengers 4 212

switch was. set wrong. A very serious de- Employes 188 29,779

railment to No. 10 was thus avoided and Other persons 78 404

although the sun was full in his face, ob-

scuring his vision, he discovered that the Total in shops, etc ... . 270 30395

switch was wrong in time to stop his train.

C. W. Young, conductor, Western divi- Total all classes 9,703 86,008

sion. 10 for interest displayed in securing The figures of this table prove that only

engine.. Engine and telegraph failed but he one-eighth of the fatalities andx«>little raor«

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than one seventh of the injuries charged
against the railways are due to causes in
any way preventable by safety appliances
applied to the operation of trains. But they
do not disclose that 5/251 or more than one-
half of the total fatalities were self-incur-
red by trespassers on railway property.

In the "harvest of death" sensationally
charged up to the railways by such writers
as "an Observer/' nearly 90 per cent is di-
rectly due to the gross recklessness of in-
dividuals. So long as American railways
are regarded as public highways where
strangers may walk, and even sleep ad lib-
itum the death roll will continue to "appall
humanity."

The "gross recklessness of the individ-
ual" as the statement applies to train and
yard work, is going to receive specific atten-
tion one of these days from a very practical
point of view.

The Journal is always perfectly willing
to encourage fair criticism of any subject
that it has taken up for discussion. If
there is a redeeming side to the question of
railway casualty we are quite ready to have
it demonstrated.

THE TRACKMEN HAVE STARTED SOMETHING.

The National Union of Railway Track-
men has started something and, if it has
the courage and money necessary to carry
on what promises to be a great fight
for its idftis of protection to railway traffic,
it will show up some things in railway op-
eration that have not been given much
thought The Union has taken photographs
and brought suit against the Missouri Pa-
cific for maintaining unsafe tracks. The
evidence given seems to be without flaw. It
is specific and right to the purpose. The
Union purposes to bring the railways into
court and compel them to maintain their
rights-of-way and track in as good condi-
tion as the laws compel them to keep the
remainder of their equipment

The railroad companies have, in many in-
stances, shamefully neglected their tracks,
and when the criminal methods practiced by
the steel trust are added to the general neg-
lect to maintain road beds there is no won-
der that tracks give way under the heavy
wheel loads, tractive pull and high speeds.

The old time "Jerry" has gone his way
and in his stead there is another force at

work that needs the very best of direction
and attention at all times. The best way
to secure results is to employ intelligent
workers and that cannot be done at the
small wages now paid for track work.

Railroad employes in great number have
declared that the tracks are not safe, that
they are not "walked" as they should be,
that bad ties and rails are allowed to re-
main long after they should have been re-
moved and that the condition generally is
not safe. It is a condition of this kind that
prompts the statement at times when wreck
occurs, "something gave way under the
engine." It is true, but it usually is not a
part of the engine as the remark would lead
the average hearer to understand.

The Union has started something that is
proper and it will have a fight on its hands
that will keep it busy unless public demand
comes to its assistance.

PUBLICITY FOR WRECKS.

One set of American railroad magnates
has declared in favor of publicity in the
question of wrecks, and hereafter when a
wreck occurs we are advised to look out
for the plain truth. If the employe is at
fault, he will be shown up, if the official is
at fault he will be shown up, etc. The first
time this publicity practice gets beyond a
train dispatcher we will print one page in
red ink, it will deserve it. We can look
for statements to the effect that "the en-
gineer ran by a signal, the fireman did not
get ahead with his flag or the flagman short
flagged;" we can look for bad meets and
tail enders and crossed orders, but when
will we be told in glaring headlines that
the board of directors has caused a wreck
with excessive loss of life and much injury
because they did not replace rotten ties and
broken rails with good material, because
the crews were overworked, because they
preferred dividends to safety. Will they
ever take the blame for violations of rule
that finally end disastrously after being en-
couraged for years? Good for publicity. Let
us have it and let us have it strong. Let
the railroad president get "his" along with
the track walker, if he hires such an em-
ploye; let the directors be in the same re-
sponsible position as the car inspector "if
something gives way up ahead." Come on
in. fellers, the y^t^^^^^^^^hyGoOglc

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

717

BE ON THE JOB ALL THE TIME.

There isn't any question but that de-
termined effort is going to be made to
show up railroad employes as responsible
for wrecks on every occasion where the
opportunity offers.

It is not the business of a railroad em-
ploye to be habitually careless of or par-
tially indifferent to his duty at any time. It
ought to be the plain understanding be-
tween all railroad men that the shirker,
chance taker, dumb head and careless em-
ploye ought to be **turned in*' as a matter
of common safety. It is a difficult propo-
sition for the average railroad man to turn
in a fellow employe. The same feeling
maintains in railroad employment that ob-
tains elsewhere where men believe it is
unmanly to carry tales or bear information
that will get another into trouble. Some-
times this sense of honor is carried too far.
If the party at fault is as honorable as he
demands his fellows shall be, he will tell
on himself occasionally, but that seldom
happens.

The best man alive can make a mistake,
but that is no excuse for any one taking a
chance when it is in anywise unsafe. Every
railroad employe ought to have pride
enough in his occupation to keep alive all
the time he is at work. If he is overworked
he can usually find time to rest if he in-
sists upon it and if he will not take proper
rest when off duty and depends on his asso-
ciates to keep him alive when he is on the
road he ought to be turned in as an im-
postor on the good nature of his fellows,
and as a dangerous employe to all of his
associates in the service.

It used to be the caper for a man to
work on the farm all day and try to rail-
road all night by imposing on his co-work-
ers to the extent of letting him sleep while
they did his work, but it is not the rule
now.

Under the most favorable conditions rail-
road service calls for close attention all of
the time. It is the concern of every man
on the engine and train to know all about
orders, rights and rules, it is the business
of every man to stay alive all the time he
is on the road, and there ought to be no
accusations of violations of rule from sheer
carelessness, forgetting of orders or short

flagging. It is just as well to brace up and
do your duty all the time as to do it part
of the time and neglect it the rest of the
time.

The majority of train and enginemen are
awake, alive all the time and ready for
whatever comes along that needs attention,
but it cannot be denied that the service has
its bad actors who prefer to take a chance
and who usually get themselves and their
fellows into trouble. The best way to keep
out of trouble is not to get into it and one
good way not to get into it is to keep your
eye on the job all of the time and not de-
pend on some one else to do it for you.

THE AGE UMIT CUT DOWN.

Word goes out occasionally that the age
limit has been reduced and that a man not
above forty-five years of age can secure em-
ployment as fireman, brakeman or switch-
man. Just why this is done is difficult to
explain for it is usually found to be a mis-
statement.

Recently an order of this kind was posted,
or given to the press with considerable
flourish of trumpets. An applicant for po-
sition as brakeman on this line was denied
employment because he was too old. He
gave his age as twenty-seven.

The age limit is one of the most incon-
sistent features of railroad employment
The Journal does not hold that a man
who has passed the age of average physical
ability is a safe man for all employments.
It does not believe it to be right to to hold
a man in a position that jeopardizes the
safety of others. There would be no jus-
tice in wanting a man to work somewhere,
knowing that he might kill or injure a num-
ber of others. The age limit, however, was
never drawn with the idea of cutting off
the old employe: The idea was that if a
man was employed on a railroad and had
passed the dead line for employment on
another road that he would not be ready to
leave the service of the road on which he
was employed. He was a fixture as long as
his road wanted him for no other would
have him, he was too old at the age of
thirty-five to be a safe employe.

The insurance departments also contrib-
uted their influence to cut down the age of
the new employe. Insurance companies are
not taking on any burdens ^^ can be

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passed over. A man beyond the age of
thirty-five, employed at a dangerous occu-
pation is not a good insurance risk, and he
was not wanted. The fact is that few men
were employed who confessed to thirty-five
years.

There is not a railroad man in the train
or yard service who would not prefer to
work with a man of experience regardless
of his age than to take his chances of in-
jury and death with the student.

Experience counts in railway work.
Every feature of it has to be learned by
getting close to the work. It cannot be
communicated by correspondence school
methods. The student usually knows how
to give signals, often he knows how to give
too many, but when "old man emergency^
comes along and makes a noise he takes to
the timber. The railroad business has to
be learned on the railroad, not on the farm
or canal boat. The experienced man is the
man for the business, and when he has not
become physically incapacitated he ought to
be given the preference in employment.

If the age limit at thirty-five was the only
safe thing when men were not so few, are
not the railroads guilty of indiscretion in
stretching the limit at this time? There
never was need for an age limit except as
it was used for "voluntary insurance" and
intimidation purposes.

THE WAY IN CANADA.

The problem of railway regulation is
worked out in Canada as it applies to Pro-
vincial and Dominion control. Where the
business of a Canadian railroad is concern-
ed with the business of the Dominion its
regulation is a matter for the Dominion
government, but where it is a matter for
Provincial concern the province interested
has the matter in charge. In this arrange-
ment there is no opportunity for misunder-
standing or a conflict of authority such as
we have in the United States. With us
there is entirely too much authority of the
mixed kind and dependent always upon the
higher power somewhere else. Between na-
tional and state control it is rather diffi-
cult for the railroads to tell exactly where
they are at

EMPLOYES JAILED IN CANADA.

It has become the recent practice of the
Canadian courts to jail railroad employes

who are held responsible for wrecks, and
it is not out of the line of possibility to
look for something worse later on if the
habit of holding the train or enginemen
wholly to blame is continued.

If a man works excessive hours, or is
unfit for service in any way and he is forced
to go out to relieve the pressure of traffic
and through weariness he overlooks an or-
der, the fault is just as much that of the
man who sent him out as it is of the man
who directly commits the error.

The employe in almost any other vocation
can overlook some portion of his work, and
life and death are not in the balance, but
when the railway employe forgets, there is
danger and death almost to a certainty.
When men are worked for long hours and
are unfit for service the railway officers
know it without telling, but it has been
their custom to ask men to go out without
rest when traffic was congested. When the
men have gone out on order and gotten into
trouble because they were overworked the
officials were responsible. No one else was
to blame.

Let us get at this thing properly. If a
man overlooks an order because he is worn
out by long hours, let us understand why
he was on the road and if requested, forced
or ordered to go without proper rest inter-
val between consecutive hours of duty in
each twenty-four hours, let the corporation
that employs him go to jail along with him,
or let the president of that company spend
the same time in prison as the employe, who
did as he was told and was made the scape-
goat for the disaster.

If this were done in the United States
there are a lot of railroad managers who
would not oppose the sixteen hours on the
road bill as strenuously as they do now. If
any one is to go to jail let us have the en-
tire outfit jailed together. It has become an
easy matter to put a man in the bastile, but
it is difficult to get a corporation in with
him. Let the head of the corporation sh^re
the responsibility when it belongs to his
company. If he denies the responsibility let
it be declared an assumption of risk that
goes with his job.

A doctor's trust.

The Saskatchewan Medical Association,
on June 2lst, 1907, held a meeting, and

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 719

after listening to the usual reading of pa- the Canadian government changed the rule,
pers, settled down to a clinical discussion It was understood that the intent of the
of how to separate a man from his money government was to discourage subscrip-
uniformly, which was illustrated by the tion of American publications and to en-
adoption of a rule fixing prices for certain courage home publications. It will suc-
kinds of work. It is supposed to be proper ceed in a measure, for the added postage
to refer to this sort of professional service will have to come out of the Canadian sub-
as "work" since it has been brought across scriber. It looks like a short-sighted propo-
the old time field of professional pride that sition on the part of some one, and it is
forbade advertising, cut rates or agfree- safe to say that the United States will
ments on prices for services performed. adopt like measures against Canadian sec-

The Canadian doctor of the northwest ond class mail matter. Now, where is the
has abandoned the old plan of piece work sense of it?

and gone in for the day labor idea. He has the Canadian arbitration bill installed.
set a uniform price on insurance examin- xhe bill to prevent strikes that was suc-
ations and hereafter, unless the gentle- cessfully engineered by the Minister of La-
man's agreement falls down, it will cost an y^^ f^^ Canada has not worked out as nice-
insurance applicant $5.00 for a full exam- |y ^g ^^g expected. The miners in the
ination and $3.00 for a half examination. Northwest intended to strike but the en-
with the choice of either half. actment of the measure got in their way

We can see where Mr. Hill's prediction and so, to meet the requirements of the
of a regular market price on fingers and law, they laid off.

toes is coming along slowly. But if the The dock workers of Montreal asked for .
start is made by the doctors we can never an increase in wages to 'the rates paid at
expect "cut" rates as the result. St. John and Quebec. They were refused

SECOND CLASS MAIL RATES DENIED US. ^^ instead of Striking, they quit work.

Note the difference?

The Canadian government has grown jhig ^ill to prevent strikes that was en-'
prosperous and overiooked a bet or two in gineered through as a party measure and
its endeavors to effectually confine Canadian was approved by certain labor councils, was
advantages to Canadians. There is no never expected to assist labor in getting bet-
longer a demand for reciprocity and the terments in working conditions. It pre-
Canadians are to a certain extent justified sumed to take away the rights of both em-
in dropping the question, now that they pioyers and employes and it is doubtful if it
can afford to. can ever be made to operate.

We have had this fool tariff in the way If the dock workers had obeyed the law
of reciprocal relations all along the way. they would have been fiddling over their
Now that Canada has secured a firm foot- troubles with their employers until the lat-
ing as a producer she is no longer anxious ter could have made provision to fill their
to exchange favors of any kind, and in the places. This is exactly what referring their
endeavor to do something to the contrary troubles to the commission would have
has doubtless done too much. meant and the men knew their chances of

The arrangement as to second class mails winning were slight, so they quit work, did
has been in operation for many years and not strike, and showed no interest in ship-
all reputable publications have been allowed ping affairs. The employers applied to the
second class rates between the two coun- Conciliation Board, but the men would have
tries. The Canadian government refused nothing to do with it. A half thousand
to continue the arrangement and has put all truck drivers went out in the same way
publications enjoying the second class rate and paid no heed to the law. The law al-
on an advanced basis that increased the ready looks like a dead one and it ought
mailing cost materially. We used to mail to be.

the Journal at one cent per pound. Now railroad expansion checked.

it costs us at the rate of fpur cents, or It is almost impossible to understand the
about $1,500 more a year than it did before progress Canada has made in her transport

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tatioii lines in the past few years. Her rapid
development and increased population have
brought along transportation lines until the
work now accomplished and building is
simply wonderful. It is to be regretted
that there has been any hindrance to this
work in Canada, but it appears that climatic
conditions have been unfavorable and the
work has been retarded. Moody's Mag'
asine advised that:

''Railroad extensions has been greatly in-
terfered with throughout Canada. The late
spring has prevented an early start on the
work of construction, labor continues scarce
and the tie-up of last winter showed that
some of the roads were unable to operate
the lines already completed. It has there-
fore been judged unwise to permit certain
further extensions, until this matter is
remedied. Such has been the difficulties of
obtaining supplies, more especially railway
ties, that it is now stated that the Grand
Trunk Pacific will be greatly delayed in the
building of its lines through the northwest,
and that they will not be ready in time to

assist in hauling out the wheat crop this
fall.

The Canadian Northern has acquired con-
trol of the Quebec and Lake St John Rail-
way. This road has the distinction of hav-
ing first been operated upon wooden rails.
It strikes north from the City of Quebec to
Lake St John and is bound for James* Bay.
It is expected that a wonderfully rich coun-
try will be opened up — mines and timber —
north of Lake St John and there is no rea-
son to doubt that the work will be pushed
forward until its northern terminus rests
upon salt water. It now seems quite prob-
able that, within the next ten years, Canada
will have three sea ports upon her northern
coast, giving communication by rail running
southeast south and southwest with her
transcontinental trunk lines. Whether the
predictions of a line of steamships from
Liverpool and through Hundson*s Bay to
these ports will be realized or not is very
questionable but, from the data gathered,
this would seem probable, during certain
portions of the year.

Women Must Work Nights.

The New York Court of Appeals has de-
cided that women must work nights. The
opinion of Judge Gray does not say that in
so many words, but by virtue of handing
to women the rights of contract and hold-
ing that an adult woman is not a ward of
the state, he has declared against the law
forbidding the employment of women in
certain employments during specified hours
at night.

A short history of the case was given in
a recent issue of Harper's Weekly, by
Rhetta Childe Door, who in part said:

A little over a year ago Commissioner-of-
Labor Sherman gave it as his opinion that
there were between 5,000 and 10,000 em-
ployers in New York City alone who were
openly violating the sixty-hour law. In his
report dated January 3, 1906, Mr. Sherman
says : "The provision prohibiting night work
is openly violated, especially in the em-
ployment of women over twenty-one, and

the department has feared to test this par-
ticular prohibition because it so closely
joined with the prohibition of male and fe-
male minors, that in case of an adverse de-
cision both prohibitions might be held to
fall together." In this report is a record
of prosecutions during the year 1905 for
illegal employment of women and minors
after 9 p. m. Here is it :

Total number of cases 2

Acquitted or discharged 1

Convicted, sentence suspended 1

Convicted and fined

Total number of cases known to exist
between 5,000 and 10,000.

Perhaps you would like to hear more of
the case "convicted and sentence suspend-
ed." The report of that particular bindery
as it went to the Department of Labor is as
follows :

"They work overtime all the year round.
They begin work at eight o'clock in the

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morning. They do not stop until eleven or needed. Judge Gray, who wrote the opinion
twelve at night On Saturday they work of the court, said in part:
until 9 :30. They have a half-hour for liuich "The courts have gone very far in up-
and a half hour for supper. They work holding legislative enactments framed clear-
overtime four days in the week— stopping ly for the welfare, comfort, and health of
at 5 :30 two days. They would be discharged the community, and that a wide range in
if they refused to work overtime. They the exercise of the police power of the
are going to work next t^riday until four State should be conceded I do not deny,
a. m** But when it is sought under the guise of a

In the spring of 1906 it was decided to >a^r Jaw. arbitrarily as here, to prevent an
test the hw. Two cases of all-night em- a^^ult female citizen from working at any
ployment of women in book-binderies were t|»"« oi the day that suits her, I think it is
brought before the Court of Special Ses- time to call a halt. It arbitrarily deprives
sions. The employers were convicted, but citizens of their right to contract with each
they promptly appealed, on the ground that other. The tendency of legislatures, in the
the law was unconstitutional. The case of ^o"" of regulatory measures, to interfere
The People vs. Williams and O'Rourke with the lawful pursuits of citizens is be-
came up before the Appelate Division of coming a marked one in this coimtry, and it
the Supreme Court the day after election, hehooves the courts firmly and fearlessly to
It was to have been heard in October, and interpose the barriers of their judgment,
arrangements for a public session with oral when invoked, to protest against legislative
arguments were made by the Women's acts plainly transcending the powers con-
Trade Union League, the Consumer's Lea- ^^^^ ^V ^^^ Constitution upon the legis-

gue, and other organizations. Those inter- Native body.

ested waited from day to day anxiously "The right of the State to restrict or reg-
expecting to be notified that the case was ulate the labor and employment of children
ready to be heard. The most extraordinary is unquestionable ; but an adult female is
reticence was maintained about the whole not to be regarded as a ward of the State,
affair, and one November day it w^s an- or in any other light than the man is re-
nounced that the case had been decided garded when the question relates to the
without oral arguments, without the pres- business pursuit or calling,
ence of the attorney-general, without even "in the gradual course of legislation upon
the presence of a representative from the the rights of a woman, in this State she has
attorney-general's office. Briefs were sub- come to possess all the responsibilities of
mitted on both sides. It is somewhat sig- the man, and she is entitled to be placed on
nificant that the verdict was a divided one, an equality of rights with the man. Con-
two of the judges dissenting. If oral ar- siderations of her physical differences are
guments had been heard it seems altogether sentimental and find no proper place in the
possible that the decision might have been discussion of the constitutionality of the
a different one. act»»

The attorney-general was appealed to, to It will be a rare Instance in court pro-
take the case to the highest courts, and after cedure wherein the court will "go very far"
some hesitation he decided to do so. The to uphold a law that was intended for the
People vs. Williams and O'Rourke is to protection of labor. Where the courts have
have just one more chance, in the Court of held that such legislation was not in viola-
Appeals, where it will be decided quite tion of the right of private contract, or in
definitely whether women and girls shall be violation of the right of something else, and
forced to work all night. That is what it all else failing, the reference with bowed
amounts to, for if the learned judges hold head to the supreme intent of the dear old
that they may work all night it is perfectly constitution was sufficient to send the meas-
certain that they will have to. ure to its legal doom. There are labor

The Court finally has decided that the laws, but rest assured there was nothing
law is unconstitutional, which means that the matter with them when they went to
woman will have to work at night if she is the courts for inspection.

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Judge Gray thought it was time to call a fashionable women may have their finery on
halt on legislative performance that pro- the moment. Talk about sweatshops!
posed to interfere with the rights of a Some of the dressmaking establishments in
woman to work any time of the day that the Fifth Avenue district are so much worse
suits her. than the average sweatshop, in their heart-

A deputy factory inspector of New York less and cynical attitude towards their
has stated that the law will be observed in slaves of the needle, that comparisons are
the main anyhow because "he finds that in unfair. It is a common thing for girls to
the majority of factories where women arc be kept at work for eighteen hours, with
employed the regular hours are from fifty- three-quarters of an hour off for the noon
three to fifty-six a week, which would in "^^al and a cup of tea and bread and butter
any event permit only a few hours* over- handed around for supper. Few, if any,
time at night, up to the constitutionally dressmakers pay their girls for overtime,
legal maximum of sixty ; and that for such The girls work far into the night to finish
work a higher rate of wages prevails, rush orders, and are laid off for a day or
amounting to time-and-a-half or double- two to recover. They are not paid anything
time pay to time-workers, or 10 per cent ^or the days when they do not work, of
additional to piece-workers. Manufactur- course. How could they expect it?
crs, for economic reasons, says Mr. Flana- "Down-town in the big factories it is
gan, 'try to avoid overtime or resort to it more difficult to keep people working at
as seldom as possible.' " night. Once an inspector did find a group

The writer for Harper's Weekly said of of women in a box-factory after midnight,
her own information gained by personal but it was explained to him that they were
observation : not there to work. They were having a tea

"I worked in a department store myself ^^!^\ '^^^ inspector was quite saHsfied
once, and the head of my department told ^*^** *^^ explanation. However, if the fac-
me when he hired me that I should have tones must close at nine o'clock, it is not
to look forward to working from eight ^^^^"^* to mduce the workers to take home
o'clock in the morning until ten at night, ^""^l^^ ^^ J^^.^t *° ^^''^^^'' ^""^ trimming,
from December 15 until the middle of "^^^J^ics to finish, garments to sew on until
March. Should I receive overtime pay? ^^''Y ^^^"- ^* |s "°^ ^xffiCMK because the
No. but the firm would give me my supper, workers know they must consent or lose
My wages were eight dollars a week, and ^^eir jobs. The rush season in any trade,
the head of this firm, who is a great philan- ^sp^c»a"y >" the sewmg trades, is the work-
thropist, would not ask a girl to buy her ^^^ harvest time, and if they are not busy
supper out of eight dollars a week. He ^^^"' ^^l\ ^^^^ starvation the rest of the
only forces her to give him four hours' ^^^'^^
work after supper. "^t is the same during the rush season in

.,_, ,. . , , - , ^ the millinery trade. The millinery trade

"The auditing and accounts departments ^^^^ j ^^^^^ ,^ ^^^ „^j^. ^^ ^^ ^.^^

of the great stores are out of sight, and the ^^^^^ ^^^^j^^, ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ,^j,^^

Consumers League and other agencies ^ pj^^^ ^^^^^^ ^.^ .^ ^^^^^^^ ^.^^ ^^

which have done so much to amehorate the ^i„.„^^y .^ ^^.^^ ^^,^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^

hard hves of the saleswomen and cash chil- ^^ ^j,^ thousands for the medium and low

dren. know not much o conditions there^ p^ced trade. Most of the hats are the so-

Shops high up on the White List are ,ust ^,„^j .^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^, ^^^.^^^ ^. ,^-

as hardened offenders against the labor law. ;„ j^^;^ j;,,,^ ^^.^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^„ ^^^

so far as night work of women is con- .„ „^j^^j,, j^ ^^^^.^^^ ^^^j^ ^^.„ ^^ ^^^^,^

cemed. as the shops which are under the ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ .^ ^^^

trade are known as preparers. They do

"In the busy season of millinery and what little the machines have left them to

dressmaking nobody knows how many girls do in the way of making the hats, lining

are obliged to toil until midnight and after, their brims, and getting them ready for the

often tmtil two o'dock in the morning, that trimmers. They do everything, in fact, ex-

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cept put on the bow or the quill or the flow- to be completed before they can seek their
9T which decorates the hat. beds. A girl friend of mine pointed to a

"Millinery is supposed to be a very *gen- picture of a famous actress in one of her
teel' trade, and the workers imagine th^.t most popular characters. That gown/ said
they are on a pretty high social level when the girl, *was finished in my kitchen at three
they make hats. It sounds better to say *I o'clock in the morning. My sister brought

am a milliner,' than to admit, *I work in a it home from 's,' naming a palatial store

box factory.* For this, and one or two in whose dressmaking department many
other good reasons, the trade is overcrowd- stage wardrobes are made,
ed, and even in the rush season about fif- "it is the book-binderies, rather than the
teen per cent of the workers fail to find shops and factories, that are the worst of-
steady employment. It is a condition of fenders in the matter of night work for
things which the manufacturers are not women. A month or two ago a big firm
slow to take advantage of. The girls are down-town was actually advertising in the
exploited in every possible way. Wages daily papers for girls to work from eight
are low, and are being constantly forced o'clock at night until four in the morning,
lower. It is customary to take in many xjntil very recently two well-known maga-
leamers each season, rather than to employ zines (one of them a celebrated 'muck- ,
girls who already know the trade. The raker') had a system in their binderies by
learner, you see, signs a contract to work which, two weeks in the month, the girls
from two to four weeks for nothing, and worked seventy-eight hours a week, the
the rest of the season for from $1 to $1.50 other two weeks being slack. Sixty
a week. Sometimes the boss finds an ex- hours is the legal week. One night,
cuse for turning off these girls after they ^^d sometimes two, some of the girls
have worked for nothing while learning, worked all night. A representative of the
He can then take on a new set of girls who Consumers' League went to one of these
want to be milliners. As a girl of average magazines and labored with the millionaire
intelligence masters her task in about a owner. He admitted that he broke the law,
week, the boss gets a great deal of hh work but he added that in his opinion the law
done by learners, and it doesn't cost him a was a nuisance, and that he sometimes
dollar. thought of having it declared unconstitu-

"Such a state of affairs in a trade makes tional. However, he disliked lawsuits and
it quite easy for the manufacturers, even preferred that some one else should bring
the best of them, to force the workers to the test case. He agreed to change the
take work home after the shop closes. And system in his bindery until the law was
they do it. Women are timid, they are made over to suit him. ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
weak, they are unorganized ; they think they "i know a girl who, until lately, worked
are not in industry to stay, anyhow, so what every Friday twenty-four hours at a stretch,
is the use of complaining? They accept she spoke of it frankly to me, and re-
conditions as they find them, and cheerfully gretted that she was not strong enough to
waste the flame of their lives for a pittance, continue the long hours. Both of these girls
This is what the manufacturers mean when belong to the union, and they receive the
they say they employ women because wo- „sual time and a half allowance for their
men are more easily handled than men. extra hours of work. They are not forced
"Go down to the comer of Grand Street to work at night, the foreman will tell you.
and the Bowery any evening in February Are they not? Even under union condi-
or March, watch that amazing procession of tions the average skilled woman in the bind-
women and children pouring out of the fac- ing trades makes little more than $8 a week,
tones, hurrying to their homes after a day The men in the binderies average $15; but
of toil. Note that many of them carry they have so hypnotized the women that the
bundles under their arms. Ask them what men are able to monopolize all the highly
they carry. skilled parts of the trade, leaving the sim-

"The factories are not the only places pier operations to the women. No woman
from which girls are forced to take work is allowed to go higher than the sewing to-
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724 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

gether of the sheets. The girls at the sew- the very last cover she ever fed it began
ing machines make from $7 to $8 a week, to wrinkle she forgot caution and retained
The work requires intelligence and a fair her hold on it a fraction of a second too
amount of skill, and if it were a *man*s job' long. The great jaws snapped at her hand,
it would command twice the wages. How- She shrieked — and shrieked. They stopped
ever, the women accept the half loaf as the machine, but not before the jaws had
better than no bread at all. When a chance devoured her arm just below the shoulder."
offers to double her wages by working a And, so, the women of New York are
night or two in the week, is it any wonder granted the legal right to work night, which
that an energetic girl jumps at it? Most they will be forced to do under pain of dis-
of the binders agreed, when we talked it missal. It will be noted that the expert
over, that it wasn't so bad, if they only testimony of the writer for Harper's
wouldn't ask you to leave the shop before H/eekly does not exactly correspond with
daylight. That was the worst, the going that of the factory inspector. Women will
home in the dark, when the cars and ferries work because they are needed at night
are running at such wide intervals, and work; because the employers fought the
such terrible people are hanging around the law enacted for the protection of the wo-
streets. One girl said that in her shop they men and because the Court of Appeals has
let the night shift lie down on the floor and said that it was right for them to work,
sleep until six o'clock. Her foreman was Therefore, they must. How little attention
too kind-hearted to turn a giri out. An- is paid to laws is shown in the fact that
other said she used to wait for daylight never until the present case was there any
in an all-night restaurant on the comer. attention given to the law protecting wo-
" Accidents? Oh yes, accidents do hap- "^«" '" employment. But, now she is le-
pen sometimes, when a girl gets too tired g^lly protected. She has all the rights a
and sleepy to be careful. Usually they man- "^^n has in making her working contract
age to keep their wits about them, but not ^^^ can work as long as she can keep
always. Catherine used to work as a pas- awake, or until she falls into her machine
ter, and as she was a very quick worker she ^^om weariness and goes up as a sacrifice
made as much as $12 a week. Big wages to her "Constitutional right to make her
for a woman. But Catherine wasn't satis- contracts to work as long as she likes."
fied with that. She was bright and ambi- Better for her to be a ward of the state,
tious, and when the boss offered her $25 a Other states have not agreed with New
week to work at the cover machine all night York. The Supreme Court of Oregon de-
she was delighted. Twenty-five dollars a cided that:

week is a princely income to a working "Women and children have always to a
girl It opens up possibilities of dazzling certain extent been the wards of the State,
luxury to the entire household, for few Women in recent years have been partly
girls have only themselves to provide for. emancipated from their common law dis-
So Catherine went to work at the cover abilities. They have now a limited right to
machine, all night long feeding magazines contract. They may own property, real and
to a great hungry steel and iron mouth, personal, in their own right, and may en-
One night she was unusually weary. Per- gage in business on their own account. But
haps she had not slept enough during the they have no voice in the enactment of the
day. Even working girls like to have a laws by which they are governed, and can
good time, and sometimes they are so fool- take no part in municipal affairs. They are
ish as to sacrifice their sleeping hours to unable, by reason of their physical limita-
pleasure. Of course no one defends such tions, to endure the same hours of exhaus-
nonsense. A working girl should work, tive labor as may be endured by adult
On this particular night the girl at the males. Some kinds of work, which may be
cover machine was tired and sleepy. The performed by men without injury to their
covers didn't run smoothly between the health would wreck the constitutions and
jaws of the monster. Several times they destroy the health of women, and render
got all wrinkled up and ruined. So, when them incapable of bearing their share of the

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

725

burdens of the family and the home. The
State must be accorded the right to guard
and protect women against such a condi-
tion; and the law in question, to that ex-
tent, conserves the public health and wel-
fare."

The state of Washington had a decision
along the same lines. Its Supreme Court
said:

''It is a matter of imiversal knowledge
with all reasonably intelligent people of the
present age that continuous standing on the
feet by women for a great many consecu-
tive hours is deleterious to their health. It
must logically follow that that which would
(leleteriously affect any great number of
women, who are the mothers of the suc-
ceeding generations, must necessarily affect
the public welfare and the public morals.
Law is, or ought to be, a progressive sci-
ence. While the principles of justice are
immutable, changing conditions of society
and the evolution of employment make a
change in the application of principles ab-
solutely necessary to an intelligent admin-
istration of government."

But the New York court said, there is no
law about the proposition. It is an arbi-
trary interference with the right of the
woman under the guise of a labor law.

Of this same decision Harper's Weekly
very aptly said:

"It is not alone the women of New York
State who are concerned in this decision.
In Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, New Jer-
sey, and half a dozen other manufacturing
States agitation for better protective laws
for women workers is very active at the
present time. It is stated on exceedingly
good authority that eight States are waiting
to hear whether it is safe for such laws to
be passed. If it is not safe, if the highest
court in the largest manufacturing State in
the Union declares that it is unconstitu-
tional even to protect women and girls from
actual physical danger, what is the use of
any legislation in behalf of women work-
ers? What is the use of Pennsylvania for-
bidding their employment in coal mines;
Illinois, Nebraska, and Missouri in the
slaughter pens of the packing houses?
Eleven years ago Illinois set the example of
declaring the prohibition of night-work for
women unconstitutional. One of the re-

sults of that action was that certain New
York corporations established branch fac-
tories in Illinois that they might force more
women to work at night than the local
manufacturers needed. Just as New Eng-
land capital has gone into Georgia and
South Carolina that it may take advantage
of child labor. If the People lose their case
vs. Williams and O'Rourke, Massachusetts,
Indiana, Nebraska, and New Jersey will re-
main the only States where women are
protected against night work. How long
will they keep their protective laws ? Seven
States in the Union have no laws at all for
the protection of women workers, and at
least seven more have only laws forbidding
women to tend bar or to work in mines.
What hope is there for the women of these
States?"

It is refreshing to know that some one
besides ourselves will consent to handle
these questions as they ought to be handled.
The reading public expects that labor or-
ganizations will deride court decisions that
are contrary to their opinions but, when
publications that cannot be accused of in-
dulging in exaggerated flights of fancy over
the wrongs of the workers will give ex-
pression to views that are similar to those
of labor organizations, it ought to help the
latter in convincing the public that con-
ditions are not misrepresented when legisla-
tion is sought for the protection of those
who work for wages.

And, by virtue of the sacred right of con-
tract, woman has a right, forced by neces-
sity, to bargain for her services. When her
bargain is a bad one and she has to adopt
something else to assist her to live and
dress well enough to get into the society of
other people and if perchance her "other"
means shock the moral laws made for the
government of the community, the court
can put her away out of the sight of those
whose moral sense was shocked because, in
the exercise of her right to make a private
contract she made such a poor one that she
had to make another, which the constitution
did not sanction, that she might be able to
live. We have laws that drive women to
shame and then we, in our wisdom, have
laws to imprison them for exercising their
rights.

The law of private contract never did and
never can apply to 3|g>,ri|d^y<5^f^Qle

726

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Wages Go To Europe.

The earning power of a community and
its willingness to spend its money has
everything to do with the prosperity of that
community.

The power to earn good wages depends
on the. readiness to spend a fair portion of
the amount earned. This simply resolves
itself into the question of creating demand
that creates other demand by which all
workers and their employers are able to do
business and enjoy its benefits. Restriction
of earning capacity means a reduction in de-
mand to be followed by other reductions of
the same nature until we have a panic. This
condition will remain until enforced demand
for actual necessaries forces resumption, and
in time a return to fair working and earn-
ing conditions.

It, therefore, follows that the most pros-
perous country is that in which the wages
earned are expended in that country. To
earn wages and not spend them or to send
them out of the country without receiving
any return for them means that the busi-
ness of the country paying the wages is
shut off to the extent of the purchasing
power of the money thus lost to business.

The immigrants have been employed as
soon as they landed, and in the great num-
ber of instances were paid fairly good
wages for their class of work. The lowest
wages paid were more than sufficient to meet
the low standards of living peculiar to them
and allowed them to save the greater part of
their earnings. This naturally means that
there has not been compensatory return
from wages paid to them when judged from
their standards as purchasers. The busi-
ness community has lost that much business,
and in turn production has been retarded
because there has not been increased de-
mand for goods that should have followed
the payment of wages.

It might be truthfully said, this hasn't
been noticed, but it must be remembered
that times have been exceptionally good for
the past ten years. If production falls off
for any reason it will be noticed.

Even if the workman does not spend his

money and puts it in a bank it has the
advantage of circulation and thus assists
to encourage business, but when it is sent
out of the country to take care of people
in another country it is lost to business
and hinders, to the extent of its lost pur-
chasing power, the development of produc-
tion by decreasing the demand for it.

The United States is losing millions an-
nually through the shipment of wages to
Europe and Asia. Millions of dollars are
taken from business that rightfully belong
to it, and when thus sent abroad there is no
return unless it might be in boat fares paid
to bring over more workers to add their
savings to the amounts sent to Europe.

We have it from reliable sources that one
government at least has been able to re-
plenish its own depleted exchequer through
the large amounts of American money
placed in circulation. This money was sent
to the old country to care for parents, and
others, left at home. This same govern-
ment has encouraged the immigration busi-
ness to tlie extent even of guaranteeing
thirty thousand passengers annually to one
steamship line alone.

If this money means so much for the
home treasury would it not mean more
for the business of the United States?

To show what this drain means we quote
this information:

Last year the enormous sum of $63,047,-
867 was sent from the United States to
foreign countries in postoffice money orders,
the .greater part of it undoubtedly being
contributions from foreign-bom citizens for
the support of their parents and families in
the countries from which they came. There
were 3,036,508 transactions, which shows
an average of $21 for each money order
sent. It may be assumed also that a con-
siderable amount of it was intended to pay
the passage of immigrants to this country
and that a large number of the 1,000,000 ad-
ditions to our population during 1906 was
brought over by that means.

During the last ten years the enormous
sum of $288,721,000 has been sent from the

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 727

United States to foreign countries in 16,- with no return to this country, it is worse
194,481 postoffice money orders, which is an than lost.

average of about $18 for each transaction. To work this question down to a basis
This is a tremendous drain upon the finan- where it may come closer home in its ap-
ces of the country, and as money orders are plication, do any of our good women read-
seldom used by persons of large means in ers ever indulge in the bad habit of giving
regular business transactions, it is safe to their help to a rummage sale? If they do
say that almost the entire amount came out they know how it is done and they also
of the savings of the wage-earners of the know how much money they have made,
country. It is doubtful whether any other but do they ever think of the sacrifice that
country could have sustained such a drain, their business interests are called upon to

The increase during the ten years ending "^^r*
1906 has been phenomenal. Three times as The new comer is depended upon to pur-
many postoffice orders were sent abroad in «^*^ase what is offered. He goes as invited
1906 as in 1897, and they represented five *"<* Ws a fairly good suit It is as good
times as much money. The following state- *^ ^^ "««^s, and he gets it for say, a dol-
ment will show the number of orders issued ^^'- '"^ /f ^^^^^^ ^^^" ^^"^ cost him
each year during the last ten years and the ^/f/^^ dollars at least. He saves eleven
amount of money represented by them: ^^"^"- J^« ^"«»!^<=^s '^ ^°s*J° his com-

munity that pays him wages. He sends the
Orders issued. Value, amount saved to the old country. The rum-

1897 944,185 $13,588,379 mage sale has gained one dollar, while the

1898 955.344 13,259,769 other eleven have been forever lost to busi-

1899 968,501 13,744J70 ness.

1900 1,102,067 16,749,018 These sales cater to people who can

1901 1,245,888^ 20,072,614 afford to buy clothes but who are satisfied

1902 .. 1,300,111 22,974,473 to dress in keeping with their low stand-

1903 1,914,149 35,237,935 ards of living and are willing, even anxious,

1904 2,208.344 42,550,151 to get the cheap lot of clothes and save their

1905 2.506,384 47,516,028 money.

1906 3.036,508 63,074^67 This dollar "saved" means the loss of a

This does not represent all of the money ^^^^ ^^ ^« clothier, in turn the wholesaler
sent to Europe and Asia. It will serve to ^^^es, the manufacturers of cloths, findings
show how much has gone that ought to ^"^ other materials needed in the suit, all
have remained in our home enterprises. It ^°se their proportion of business. One dollar
means that this disposition to send money doesn't mean much, but when we find that
out of the country has been accomplished ^^ty-three milhons go to the bad, that is
by depriving the worker of an opportunity ^^I?^^' !" ^"^ ^^^^^ '^ means something,
to enjoy a better living, to come closer to ^he effect on wages and livmg conditions
. , £ i^ s. A • 1 "^"st be met and fought out by the millions

our ideas of what an American workman - . , ** , /.....

, , , , . ^, r r J u • of wage workers who have decided that it

ought to have in the way of food, housing .... • ^^ . i- j .. j

J , ,, , . J, ^t. • * * 's their right to live decently and enjoy

and clothes, not forgetting the important ,.- u u » j .

. , ,. r xL L-1J J *"^ ^s human bemgs are supposed to enjoy

question of education for the children, and -^ ^* , . l .. ,r . , ,

, I ^ , .it. They do not believe that the crumbs

there are plenty of them as any city can ^^^^ ^^^ ^.^^ ^^^.^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^.^^^ ^^^

bear witness. ^1^^.^. jj^jj^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ animal burrow

Aside from attempting to save a reason- fit for their home, but this continuous drain

able amount against old age and illness, on the business advantages of this country

the first thing to do with wages is to means that these conditions are acceptable

spend them to the best advantage and spend to the foreigners who want to work and

them at home. If money goes abroad in live and be housed as few animals dare be,

trade it serves the same good purpose, but and their influence is to drag all the rest

when it goes from here to be spent abroad down to their own level.

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728 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Cutting Down The Mileage.

It b the business of every progreissive great competitors have been planning and

railroad manager to cut down grades and working to reduce the mileage, as well as

reduce mileage in every way possible. The the grades and alignment, between their

train speed limit has been reached under principal termini, and it begins to seem pos-

present conditions, that is, if anything ap- sible that some time the fastest trains be-

proaching safety is to be a part of the tween New York and Chicago will leave

consideration and not much remains except both Pittsburg and Buffalo out of their

to cut out curves, reduce grades and de- route. The Pittsburg Gazette sounds the

vise ''cut offs" to save mileage on the long warning that ere long the people of that

hauls and between points where traffic will city 'will wake up and find that Pittsburg

insure returns for the necessary expendi- is not even a waystation for the magnificent

ture. The through passenger and freight through fliers between New York and Chi-

traffic between Chicago and New York, with cago, and BufTalonians will awake to the

the cities that would be touched by an air same fact with regard to the New York

line route, would furnish enough through Central.* The Pennsylvania, the Gasette

traffic under fair conditions, to insure safe calls to mind, is buying its right-of-way for

revenues. And, it is a question of but a new line which will make a short cut from

few years until something of the kind will its lines east of Pittsburg to its lines west

have to be done to properly take care of the By constructing about 30 miles of road to

increasing business of the railroads. connect existing branches it may have a

Several years ago we thought we had new route from Tipton, near Altoona, via

reached the limit of everything in train Mayport and Red Bank to Enon, on the

hauls, high speeds and heavy equipment. Fort Wayne line, which will save 14 miles

Today the railroad appliances of that period over the Pittsburg route and avoid heavy

are a joke in comparison and, with the grades and the congestion of that busy city's

rapid increase in population, manufacture terminals. The New York Cen*"al can do

and agriculture that has only commenced, better than that when it completes the cost-

the transportation necessities of the future ly Clearfield-Franklin line of 107 miles, now

are better realized now than they were two well along, provided that from Williamsport

decades ago. to New York, over 300 miles, it uses the

The Railway Age, for July 7th, gave a Reading-Jersey Central tracks or acquires a

brief note to the matter of reduced mileage line of its own. It may thus save some 80

between Chicago and New York. It said : miles over the Albany- Buffalo route and re-

'*Between New York and Chicago the air duce the New York-Chicago distance to less

line distance is less than 700 miles. By the than 900 miles. These are possibilities,

shortest rail route at present, the Pennsyl- Whether or not they are soon to be real-

vania, the distance is 911 miles; by the next ities is an open question.'*

shortest, the New York Central lines, it is The entire question is an acknowledge-

960 miles. A glance at the map shows that ment of the demands of the public for

the Pennsylvania via Pittsburg swings 100 time to be saved and to the demands of the

miles south of the straight line, while the investors for money to be saved. The air

Central reaches nearly 150 miles north of it line is not impossible by any means between

on the route via Albany and Buffalo. These large cities.

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Wanted. — ^To know th« whereabouts of my Bon,
George A. Hoppes; last heard of at Argenta, Ark.
Address, Mrs. Mary Hoppes, Erin, Tenn.

• • •

Wanted. — ^To know the whereabouts of T. S.
Lee; last heard from at Spokane, Wash. Address,

T. E. Ashton, No. 16 York St., Norwich, N. Y.

• • ♦

Wanted.— To know the address of G. B. Tay-
lor; he worked a while last winter on the I. M. &

S; last heard of htm was at Mayfield, Ky.

• • •

Wanted. — ^To know the whereabouts of Charles
Furey; last heard from at Hartford, Conn. Ad-
dress, John Furey, Saratoga Springs, N. Y.

• « •

Wanted. — ^To know the whereabouts of E. M.
Sharp; last heard of was employed at Little Rock,
Ark. Some very important news awaits him. Ad-
dress, his sister, at No. 1810 Norton Ave.', Kansas
City, Mo.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the address of H. B. Fen-
nell, a member of Lodge No. 847. He left his
wife some time in April, at Memphis, and she is
in very distressed circumstances. Address, Mrs.

H. B. Fennell, Gen. Del., Gleeson, Tenn.

• • •

Wanted. — ^To know the whereabouts of George
A. Thompson; last heard from was switching in
some yard in Chicago, 111. Have some very im-
portant news for him. Address, his brother, F.
C. Thompson, Box 86, Hamlet, N. C.

• • •

South Chicago, III. — Brother H. B. Rogers,
of Lodge No. 716, paid his dues for April, May
and June on March 22d, secured traveling card
good through th^ month of April, and mysteri-
ously disappeared. Any information concerning
this brother will please be sent to C. J. Baker,
Financier, Lodge No. 716.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of one
J. R. Shelton,. who was Financier of Banner
Lodge No. 429, Spicer, N. C, during May and
June, 1007. Was headed west when last heard
from. Was expelled for non-payment of dues
July Ist, 1907. Send all information to Chas.
C. Adams, Box 178, Salisbury, N. C.

• • *

HK HAS ONE OF OUR WATCHES.
I take pleasure in informing you that I re-
ceived my watch O. K. To say I am pleased
would be putting it mildly. I can't say ansrthing
to you but plain thank you. I can say for the

watch It is one of the best any man ever carried
and will take pleasure in showing it to my
friends. Wishing you success and much business,
I beg to remaii^

Very truly yours,

A. W. Sabqbnt,

Baird, Texas.

• • •

THE CONFLICT OF THE AGES.
From the pen of C. L. Poorman deals with the
present conditions that affect all society and bears
heavily on the great feeling of discontent that is
paramount in the mind of the average man of
small or moderate means. 'The increasing nur«
muring of the people indicates the approach of
extraordinary efiforts to secure reforms, either by
revolution or evolution. Which shall it be?" The
entire question is covered very carefully and stu-
diously in the work which is offered by Charles H.
Kerr and Company, Chicago, Ills.

• • •

CAR REPAIR MAN'S GUIDE.

The JouBNAL has received from the McConway
& Torley Co., of Pittoburg, Pa., a little book that
contains a world of useful information to rail-
road men in general, but, particularly, to car re-
pair men.

The object of the book is to place definite In-
formation in the hands of the men, so that proper
repairs may be secured, and the many annoy-
ances incident to car troubles may be done away
with.

A copy of this book will be sent free to any
railroad man who asks for it Our readers are re-
quested to call the attention of car repair men to
this work, and to advise them to send for it.

• • •

THE INDUSTRIAL CONFLICT.
This is a new work written by Doctor Samuel
C. Smith of the Department of Sociology of the
University of Minnesota and deals in compre-
hensible terms with the present day labor situation
as viewed from both sides. Doctor Smith deals
fairly with the question and uses the expressions
of both the employers and the representatives of
the labor organizations. From the views presented
by both sides he forms his own argument and it
Is one that is instructive without dealing in the
great amount of theory that usually accompanies
a work of the kind. The Doctor does not cater
to either side of the "Conflict," but rather gives
an impartial expression of his opinion to both
sides. While there may be certain n^rts of the
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730

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

deal of attention to what is going on while the
lodge is in session.

Business is not very brisk on the M. K. & T.
at this time, but heavy business is in sight for the
very near ifuture. Visiting members will always
be assured of a hearty ana cordial welcome.

V. N. LOTT.

Long Island City, N. Y. — ^We are very busy in
our work, for at our last meeting we only took
in sixteen new members, and expect to take in a
few more next month. Our freight yard at
Jamaica, L. I., is now almost a solid yard and
every yard man is on the lookout for a road freight
man, and the same feeling exists in the
passenger department. We not only help others
to get into our grand Order, but we never forget
those who are in it.

One of our brothers, who has had the misfor-
tune to lose some of his fingers, was presented
with funds enough to tide him over his trouble,
and his face expressed more than words ever
could.

A few of our members have the Panama
fever, and we ask the brothers of that zone to
keep a look out for them.

Mbmbbb, Lodge No 517.
♦ ♦ ♦

Earn Something During Vacation.

There ought to be about one hundred thousand
girls and boys out of school during vacation that
belong to our Brotherhood homes. "All work and
no play makes Jack a dull boy," but it is not a
bad idea to mix >up enough work in the play to
make the latter the better appreciated. The Jouk-
NAL has a way that offers the chance to mix the
two with profit in both directions.

If the Brotherhood girls and boys will get sub-
scriptions for the Journal during vacation they
can get in return for their work good values in
prizes that could not be given if cash commissions
were paid.

For our boys and girls we have specially selected
prises. They are of the kind that each one can
use, the values are of the first class and their re-
tail price amounts to one hundred per cent in
commissions.

We have a Lady*s Queen Watch that sells for
$80.00 and we offer it for 80 paid yearly subscri-
bers. We have a Commercial Standard Watch
that sells for $85.00 and we offer it to the boys
for 35 paid yearly subscribers, then we have a
splendid signet ring we offer with either mono-
gram or initial, engraved to order, for 20 paid
yearly subscribers. These are high class goods
and if the Agents feel that they have not received
first-class prizes we will make them satisfactory.
Your own jewelers can be the judges when you
receive the prizes.

Every boy and girl can easily get one or more
of these prizes. You might as well go back to
school with something to show for your own effort
during vacation. There can be no better offer

work that do not concur wholly with our ideas of
the question the work is an excellent one and
ought to be of interest to every person who is
alive to the conditions and needs of the times.
Fleming H. Revell Co., 80 Wabash Ave., Chicago,
Ills., and 25 Richmond St., West, Toronto, Can-
ada. $1.00 net

• « •

AssoTSFoao, Wis. — I saw in the May number
where a kicker from Lodge No. 191 has inquired
as to who got the raise. If the brother thinks
anyone other than the B. R. T. did so be is mis-
taken. I think the writer was one of the sore-
heads who belongs to the Switchmen's Union
rather than the B. R. T.

The B. R. T. was first in the field, and it is
not going to have two classes of lodges to suit
any one. It is here to stay, and its members wi!l
stay together. If the writer is ashamed to go to
the B. R. T. lodge he ought to go where his in-
clinations point the way.

I have been a member of the Brotherhood for
the past eighteen years. I have heard a number
of objectors, who did not know what they were
talking about at the time, and none of them has
ever been of any use to our Organization.

Gbokgi McDuff,

Lodge No. 410.

• • •

A New Watch Offer.

Through the kindness of Mr. Webb C. Ball, of
The Ball Watch Co., the Jouknal is enabled to
offer a man's watch for thirty five subscriptions.

We make this offer so that the members of the
families of our brothers, who do not need a
strictly high grade railroad movement, can get a
good first-class watch for a very few subscriptions.
This watch is a good movement, and admirably
adapted for all purposes, except railroad work.
It is the same watch that is sold to the business
man, and gives satisfaction. The watch is a very
carefully made movement, and is offered in a
twenty-year gold filled case of handsome design.
The watch wiU make a splendid reward to any of
the boys who desire to have a first-class watch
for very little effort. The watch retails for $30,
and is offered for thirty-five yearly paid subscriptions.

Our ''Queen" watch is also offered for thirty
paid yearly subscriptions, and a fi. R. T. Standard
Webb C. Ball watch .is offered for seventy-five
paid subscriptions.

• • •

Smithvilli, Tex. — We have been very busy
lately, admitting new members, and the young
blood and enthusiasm are promising to do some-
thing that will arouse the old order of things and
start us going at a better clip than we have for
some time past.

Our oflicers are all old and tried members, and
can be depended on to do whatever is necessary
for the best interests of the lodge and the or-
ganization.

Our members are paying more attention now to
what is going on, and our meetings are fairly well
attended. All of the members appear to be anx-
ious for business to open, and they pay a great

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made to you for your work than the Jouenal has
made.

Let us see if we cannot get a few thousand new
subscribers for the Journal during July and Au-
gust.

Look at the advertising pages for our other prize
offers. Remember, you can have your own home
jeweler pass upon the value of these prizes. We

will make good.

• • •

LOST.

L. D. Crouch, Lodge No. 24, receipts.

Harry Peifer, No. 602, receipts and card case.

J. T. Wade, Lodge No. 717, receipts for the
past four years.

J. J. Robinson, Lodge No. 281, receipts from
May. 1906, to July, 1907.

Wm. C. Diershow, Lodge No. 864, receipts from
May, 1906, to June, 1907.

G. V. Hunter, Lodge No. 869, B. R. T. and
Eagle receipts, Lodge No. 78.

D. P. Nolan, Lodge No. 624, receipts from
April to June, also traveling card.

J. R. Wright, Lodge No. 590, pocketbook, con-
taining receipts, reference letters and traveling
card good until the last day of July.

The following articles herein mentioned as lost,
if found, will please be returned to the Financier
of the lodge of which the loser is a member:

J. H. Foster, Lodge No. 200, receipts, traveling
card and other valuable papers. The brother asks
that these articles be forwarded to him to Hinton,
W. Va., if they are found.

M. J. Murphy started for home from Minot,
North Dakota, January 1st, 1907, and has not
been heard from since. Notify Miss Katherine
Murphy, 141 East Main street, Lexington, Ky.

J. E. Van Lear, Lodge No. 786, pocketbook,
containing traveling card and receipt for May,
bank checks to the Valley National Bank of
Chambersburg, Pa., secret work and quarterly
pass.

• • •

Business Subscribers Received For
July

Under this head the Journal will print once
the name, business and business address of each
business firm, or, of each person in business for
himself, M, representing a business firm as Its
agent who subscribes for one year. The idea is
to inform our readers who among their businessmen
have subscribed and to recommend to them the
fairness of giving their patronage to those who have
patronized the Journal.

KENTUCKY.

Received from Ed. Wiley, Lodge No. 494:

LEXINGTON.
Marders & Kelly Barbers, 400 E. Main.
W. F. Burke, Grocery, 380 E. Main.
U. Proctor, Cafe, 848 E. Main.
Curry Bros., Druggists, 820 E. Main.
McGuff's Stone Works. 288 E. Main.
Combs Lumber & Mfg. Co., 284 E. Main.
Chas. R. Lauer, Home Bakery. 213 E. Main.

Geo. Land, Coal Merchant, 168 E. Main.

Reeder & Cull, Barbers, 164 E. Main.

A. H. Watkins, Sodas and Fruits, 162 E. Main.

J. R. Shedd, Harness and Shopping Bags, 167
E. Main.

Frazer & Bush, Electrical Contractors, 168 i^
Main.

King & Metzger, Jewelry, 161 E. Main.

W. S. Frost, Fire Insurance Agent, 669 McClel-
land Bldg.

Miles & Bros., Tea and Cofifec, 149 E. Main.

Dr. Porter Prather.

Lexington Herald Printing Co.

J. F. Cruickshank, Shoe Maker, 181 E. Main.

Jno. R. Viley & Co., Books and Sutionery, 127
£. Main.

Clay, Rose & Cockrell, Real Estate, 117 E. Main.

Connell, Ryan & McCarty, Tailors and Clothiers,
106-108 W. Main.

Graves, Cox & Co., Oothiers, 124 W. Main.

Graddy & Bradley, Furnishing Gocds, Hats and
Shoes, 140 W. Main.

McClure & Bronson, Stationery, Books and
Paper, 152 W. Main.

D. B. Honaker, Florist, 162 W. Main.

W. H. Thompson, Trunks and Traveling Bags,
139 W. Main.

Victor Bogaust, Jewelry, 185 W. Main.
John A. Kelley, Florist, 131 W. Main.

E. C. Kidd, China and Cut Glass, 117 W. Main.
The Model Clothing Co.

Lexington Brewing Co., E. Main.

T. C. Dixon, Plumbing and Gas Fitting, 827 E.
Main.

Bryan, Goodwin & Hunt, Wholesale Merchants,
E. Main.

Erabry & Co., Women's Outer Garitaents, 141-148
E. Main.

Sherman Strain, Luxury Barber Shop, 111 E.
Main.

Robertson & Weitzel, DruggisU, *101 W. Main.

T. B. Hay & Co., Hardware, etc., 119 W. Main.

Caden & Winn, Ladies' Furnishing Goods, 210
W. Main.

Noah's Ark, Notions and Toys, 224 W. Main.

Smith & Chick, China and Glass, 254 W. Main.

Rogers & McGee, Shoe Merchants, 264 W. Main.

Barnes & Hall Drug Co., 275 W. Main.

Sample Shoe Co., 268 W. Main.

Coffman Clothing Co., 812-814 W. Main.

Vandeering Hardware Co., 340 W. Main.

I'ence & Beard, Hardware, 350 W. Main.

The Peerless, Ladies' and Children's Furnishing
Goods, 857 W. Main.

The Milward Co., Pianos and Organs, 805 W.
Main.

Sloan and Mansfield, Natural Gas Supplies, 832
E. Main.

Wm. Fuller, Oshkosh Overalls, 866 E. Main.

J. M. O'Geary, Wines and Liquors, 383 E. Main.

Phoenix HoteL

Ed. Martin, Wines and Liquors, 111 S. Lime-
stone.

Rose & Maxwell, Groceries, 802 E. Maxwell.

Wells & Downing Furniture Co., 193 W. Short

G. A. DeLong, Real Estate Agent, 157 V
Short.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Lclsnd Hotel, Short.

Walter Davidson, Wines and Liquors, 8td £.
Main.

Lexington Lumber Co.

J. F. Hines, Wines and Liquors, 115 S. Lime-
stone.

Geo. B. Strader, "Cafe Royal,'* S. Limestone.

Jno. Hutchison, Grocer, SOI W. Main.

W. P. Maber, Wines and Liquors, 123 N. Broad-
way.

Shouse & Looney, Groceries, corner E. Main
and Deweese.

Kentucky Steam Laundry, 118-116 S. Upper.

Special Shoe Co., 206 W. Main.

Crawford & Gregory, Wines and Liquors, corner
Lime and Water.

M. J. Golden, Gas Supplies, 800 E. Main.

A. F. Wheeler, Furniture Co., N. Limestone.

Dr. J. W. Scott, Room S04 Security Trust Bldg.

Reed Hotel

Rhodes Buford Furniture Co., 485-489 W. Main.

J. W. Kincaid, Wines and Liquors, Pool Room,
400 E. Main.

Miss K. Galbreth, MiUinery, 155 W. Main.

The Baker Grocery Co., comer High and Drake.

W. S. Duncan, Groceryman, 497 E. High.

Combs Lumber Co., 888 E. Main.

S. B. Pierce, Liquor Dealer, 176 Deweese.

H. W. Renick, Druggist, comer Deweese and
Third.

Fred Luigard, Groceries and Liquors, 1100 Third.

£. B. Tingle, Groceries and Liquors, 580 E.
Third.

D. F. Johnson, Groceries and Liquors, comer
E. Third and Nelson avenue.

Murphy & Conley, Liquors and Pool Room, cor-
ner Constitution and Norton avenue.

Pluto Coal Co., Coal and Feed, E. Third.

Dr. Mathews, Dentist, comer W. Main and
Upper.

Lambert &- Glcason, Liquor Dealers, 110 N.
Broadway.

J. J. Galvin, Liquor Dealer, corner W. Main
and Broadway.

J. F. Ott, Fresh Meats. SUll No. 10, Market
House.

C. D. Cunningham, Wholesale and Retail Paints,
848 W. Short.

D. A. Furlong, Liquor Dealer, corner N. Broad-
way and Short.

Doyle & Welch, Liquor Dealers, comer N.
Broadway and Short.

J. H. Foster, Liquor Dealer, 119 S. MilL

G. P. Ross, Shoe Dealer, 846 W. Main.

L. H. Ramsey & Co., Painting and Decorating,
115 S. Mill.

J. W. Kent, Fruits and Candy, Stall No. 8,
Market House.

MOUNT STERLING.

C. G. Thompson, Wholesale Groceries, Mays-
▼Ule.

Home Steam Laundry, Maysville.

J. R. Hainline, Liquor Dealer, Maysville.

Harris & Chenault, Furniture and Undertaking.

D. N. Young, Wholesale Liquor Dealer.

Chenault & Crear, Hardware.
National Hotel, Maysville.

PARIS.
Dr. J. A. Creason, R. F. D. No. 6.

ST. ALBANS, W. VA.
L. S. Lee, Shoe Maker.

MACON. GA.
Received from A. B. West, Lodge No. 876:
Acme Brewing Co., corner Hammond and Bay.
J. C. Scarborough, Barber, 507 Fourth.
G. W. Poston, Wines and Liquors, corner Fourth
and Poplar.

Hotel Stewart. 618 Fourth.

ARGENTA, ARK.
Received from F. H. Stroud, Lodge No. 449:

A. Kahn, Hotel and Cafe, 1081 Main.
Engelberger*s Hotel and Cafe, 400 Main.
Hall Drug Co., 888 Main.

R. D. Rewis & Long, Barber Shop and Pool
Room, 818 Main.

Twin City Bank, 801 Main.

LONDON, ONT.

Received from Chas. Veech, Lodge No. 415:

Scandrelt Bros., Liquors and Groceries, 176
Dundas.

Chantler Bros., Coal Merchants, Bathurst.

Globe Caskett Man, E. Dundas.

McCullen & Willis, Coal Merchants, 657 Rich-
mond.

Webster & Kernothan, Coal and Wood Mer-
chants, Picadilly.

NEW MEXICO.

Received from Eugene Bruce, Lodge No. 570:
ALBUQUERQUE.

First National Bank.

Bank of Commerce.

Schutt Candy Co.

S. E. Newcomer, Book and Art Store.

Perfecto Armijo, Sheriff Bemillo County.

H. Yanow, Broker.

Golden Rule Dry Goods and General Merchan-
dise Co.

Graham Bros., Club Rooms.

Ben Bothe, Bar and Cafe.

St. Elmo, Club Rooms.

F. E. Sturges & Co., Hotel.

Van Mercantile Co., Drugs and Jewelry.
J. H. O'Rielly ^ Co.. Drugs and Cut Glass.
The Economist, Outfitters for Women.

B. Ilfield & Co., Wholesale Dry Goods and
Notions.

Frank H. Strong, Undertaker.

San Jose Market.

W. L. Trimble, Livery and Transfer.

Geo. K. Neher, Club and Bar.

Wm. Chaplin, Shoes.

Wagner Hardware Co.

Monarch Grocery Co.

A. Everitt, Jeweler.

J. A. Abercrombie, Southem Bar.

G. E. Ellis, Proprietor Hotel Craige.
The Williams Drug Co.

Hubb*s Laundry.

J. W. Anderson & Co., Groceries.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

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B. Ruppe, Druggist.

W. D. Alexander. The Lobby.

C. N. Brigham, Fancy Groceries.

P. G. Sanchez. Barber, 119 R. R. avenue.

French Bakery. 208 E. R. R. avenue.

J. Korber & Co., Vehicles and Saddlery.

i.'ttevens. Eicher & Co., Groceries.

Borradaile & Co., House Furnishers.

The Imperial Laundry Co.

r. J. Hawley, Stationery.

Mann Saddlery Co.

Schwartzman & With, Wholesale and Retail
Butchers.

W. Morris Jewelry Store.

Dr. B. F. Copp, Dentist, Room 18, N. T. Armijo
Bldg.

Leon B. Stern, Dry Goods and Shoes.

S. N. Rosenwald, Dry Goods and Shoes.

A. J. Maloy, Groceries.

A. G. Beauregard, Barber Shop, 111 R. R. ave.

J. L. Bell & Co.« Hardware. 188 W. Silver ave.

Consolidated Liquor Co., 100-111 S. First.

Freidburg Bros., Gents' Furnishers.

Simon Steam, Gents* Furnisher.

M. Mandell, Gents' Furnisher.

W. H. Hahn k Co., Coal and Wood.

E. L. Washburn & Co., Clothing.

F. G. Pratt & Co., Groceries.
Sute National Bank.

GALLUP.
C. N. Gotten. General Merchandise.
Geo. Mix, Arcade Restaurant.

WINSLOW, ARIZ.

G. R. Banerbach, Club Rooms.
Babbitt Bros Mdse. Co.

Geo. F. Schaal, Jewelry Store.

Chas. Cahn, General Merchandise and Indian
Rugs.

E. Y. Malich, Dry Goods.

Navajo County Bank.

Rand Dagg Mercantile Co.

W. A. Keeler, Druggist.

PINE BLUFF, ARK.

Received from W. G. Jackson, Lodge No. 805:

Ed. Levine, Merchant, 811 Main.

Kastor & Blumthal, Merchants, corner Main
and Second.

G. M. Ladner, Saloon, 100 Main.
HAZELTON, PA.

Received from George P. Schwartz, Lodge No.
173:

C. J. Boyle, Keystone House, 88 E. Broad.
Wagner Bros., Wagner House, E. Broad.
E. H. Stettler, Rathskeller, E. Broad.

H. Mochamer, Mochamer Corner, E. Broad.

J. Petro, Hotel, 81 N. Wyommg.

Wetteran & Malkames, Gents' Furnishings.

M. Crossins, Hotel, S. Pine.

S. H. Bittner, Washington Hotel.

J. H. Loughran, Palace Cafe.

D. Crosby, Funeral Director.
W. T. KeUey, Kelley's Place.

WEST HAZELTON.
Grant Tobias, Rising Sun Hotel.
Bob Peters, Buck Head Hotel.

WICHITA, KAN.

Received from C. R. Dusenberry, Lodge No.
350:

The Hub, Clothiers, 114 N. Main.
MILVERTON, ONT.

Received from Chas. P. Clarke, Lodge No. 855:

Walter Hearns, Barber.

FORT WORTH. TEX.

Received from A. J. Jackson, Lodge No. 81:

Smith Bros., Barbers, 160« Main.
AKRON, OHIO.

Received from Mrs. Otto Stoll, L. A. No. 140:

The Dollar Savings Bank, Frank Boron, 12 Mar-
ket.

Akron Monumental Works, S. High, near Mar-
ket

JEFFERSON CITY, MO.

Received from J. L. Doolittle, Lodge No. 037:

C^. Fifer, Jefferson Hotel and Restaurant.

Wm. Stein, Pacific Bar.

Goldman & Co., Gents' Furnishers.

Hugo Busch, Florist.

Hen^y Schmidt, Groceries.

J. C. Schmidt, Shoes and General Repairing.

Dr. Lopp, South Side Drug Store.

Jno. Bumes, South Side Laundry.

Jacob Tanner, Groceries and Dry Goods.

V. Zuber, Marble and Granite Works.

Merchants* Bank.

C. H. Laugerhaus, Capitol Saloon.
J. H. Van Sickle, Broker.

L. M. Walther, Furniture and Undertaker.

D. C. Weatherby, BooU, Shoes and Gents' Fur-
nisher.

A. H. Hatch, Optician.

Weiser & Artz, Gents' Furnishings.

J. Ruwart, Kentucky Bar.

E. Hedc, Groceries.
Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank.
H. De Wyle, Pharmacy.

F. Senevy, Monroe House Bar.

G. N. Winston, City Clerk.
Capitol Brewing Co.
Schleer Bros., Hardware.

W. F. Roesen, Western Steam Bottling Works.

Nic Keilman, Farmers' Home.

DuUe Milling Co.

Mike Anderson, Red Front Cafe.

E. F. Buebrle, South Side Barber.

Frank Jones, Jefferson City Bottling Works.

J. H. Dulle, Groceries and Queens ware.

Jno. Tihen, Lemp Brewing Co.

C. C. Chapman, Poultry and Feed.

Jim Frazier, Monroe House BarSer.

Dr. J. L. Thorpe, Physician and Surgeon.

Schultz Dry Goods and Carpet Co.

J. B. Ricbter, Richter Barber Shop.

Houk McHenry, Capitol Telephone Co.

Lafe Bacon, Gents* Furnishing Goods.

ALTOONA. PA.
Received from W. C. Giarth, Lodge No. 174:
Paul Just, Phoenix Hotel, 300 Fourth avenue.
J. P. ReiUey, Hotel Walton.
Joseph Stevens & Son, 1010 Eighth avenue.
West Bros., 230 Sixth avenue. ^r~^ t

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

CHADRON. NEB.

Received from Geo. R. Scott, Lodge No. 100:

Chas. Mackey, Rancher.

F. H. McCuUey, Rancher.

C. J. Larkin, Rancher.

H. C. Brown, Rancher.

VILLA GROVE, ILL.

Received from E. E. Spivey, Lodge No. 760;

Ben Miller, Schlitz Bar.

Shuey & Rider, Hardware.

Frisco Lumber Co.

Villa Grove Gazette.

J. P. Heacock, Real Estate and Loans.

F. Stirrett, Cafe.

TOLEDO, OHIO.

Received from I. R. Innes, Lodge No. 612:

W. R. McFadden, Jeweler and Watch Repairer,
407 Summit.

A. S. Hickok, Dry Goods and Carpets, 209211
Summit.

CHESTER, PA.

Received from W. A. Sill, Lodge No. 732:

E. Sproul, Supt. Seaboard Steel Casting Co.

HARRISBURG, PA.
Received from P. F. Bruehl, Lodge No. 888:
J. D. Hawkins, Est Undertakers, 800 Cumber-
land.

TORONTO JUNCTION, ONT.
Received from T. J. Curran, Lodge No. 255:
The Toronto World.

BALTIMORE, MD.
Received from H. E. Eaton, Lodge No. 124:
Everhart & Bro., Organ and Piano Sales Room,
125-127 S. George.

MANCHESTER, N. H.
Received from G. B. Johnson, Lodge No. 285 :
Healy Bros., Tailors, 18 Hanover.
P. H. Sullivan, Lawyer, Room No. 1, Opera
Block.

TEXAS.
Received from Mrs. Joe East, Lodge No. 15:

SHERMAN.
Wolf, Hair & Maxey, Attorneys.
The Strange Jewelry Co., 149 N. Travis.
Sherman Gas, Light & Fuel Co., 138 N. Travis.

DENISON.
C. J. O'Malley. Jeweler.

F. A. Sherburne, Shoemaker, 110 W. Main.

CLAYTON, N. MEX.
Received from Chester Reniff, Lodge No. 532:
W. M. Humphries, Barber Shop.

DENVER, COLO.
Received from G. W. Stage, Lodge No. «80:
J. S. Dreyfuss & Co., Men's Clothing, Sixteenth
and Larimer.

YERMO, CAL.
Received from N. J. Remackel, Lodge No. 74:
A. R. Sworthout, General Merchandise and Post
Master.
J. H. Hanes, Manager Hall House.
J. T. L. Harris, Rooming House.

VALENTINE, TEX.
Received from L. W. Mullen, Lodge No. 80:
J. S. Slaton, Butcher.

TEXAS.
Received from M. J. Garvey, Lodge No. 52:

SCHERTZ.
Wm. Shertz, Merchant.

SAN ANTONIO.
H. E. Hilderbrand, Manager S. A. Transfer,
corner Nacogdoches and Houston.

Jaske Bros., Dry Goods, corner Alamo and E.
Commerce.

COLUMBUS.
Mr. Hutchins, Manager Stafford Bank.

BELLEVUE, OHIO.
Received from A. I. Longstreet, Lodge No. 54:
F. O. Bates, Hardware, 100 Kilbourne.
H. Hale, Billiards and Pool, 114 W. Main.
Henry Bender, Restaurant, 417 E. Main.
Hillson & Nagel, Barber Shop.
J. Unser, Photographer.
John Huff, Grocer, 202 E. Main.
A. G. Kistler, Cash Market, 206 Main.

E. A. Stranahan, Dry Goods, 118 Main.
Dr. Higgins, Dentist, 126 E. Main.

Dr. M. W. Bland, Physician, Wolf Block.

H. J. Boehler, Meat Market, 131 E. Main.

A. P. Hasselbach, Grocer, 106 S. West.

J. H. Brinker. Druggist, 118 W. Main.

Wm. Bollenbacher, Hardware, 117 W. Main.

John Gazley, Grocery, 119 W. Main.

C. P. Franks & Co., Grocery, 101 E. Main.

A. Ruffing, Dry Goods, 111 E. Main.

S. E. Strayer, ResUurant, 407 E. Main.

Dr. R. N. Leonard, Dentist, 101 W. Main.

F. H. Stone, "The Theatorium," 116 E. Main.
Joseph Briehl & Son, Furniture, 126 Monroe.
J. D. Cook Co., aothiers, 180 E. Main.

J. Hasselbach, Wines and Liquors, 104 N. West.
H. V. Stone, Furniture, Wright Block.
E. P. Berk, N. Y. Racket Store, 189 E. Main.
J. Bain, Wines and Liquors, 187 £. Main.
O. Hergert, Flour and Feed, 118 S. West.
W. C. Hankammer, Meat Market, 106 N. West.
A. E. Gemberling, Grocer, 128 E. Main.
H. A. Schlicht, Grocer, 118 E. Main.

PASCO, WASH.
Received from F. E. Vogelson, Lodge No. 807:
A. O. Ramy & Brower, Cigars and Tobacco.

A. P. Gray, General Merchandise.
Vv. J. Davis, Photographer.

J. E. Steffins & Co.

Harrigan & Riggs, General Merchandise.

B. F. Nye, Tonsorial Parlor.
Stafford & Johnson.

E. E. Ellsworth, Druggist.
Cramer & Sylvester, Mint Cafe.
Y. K. Lee, City Cafe.

F. M. Downey, Columbia Hotel.
T. F. Madden, City Market.

J. C. Anderson, Franklin Lodging House.

R. P. Norton, Windsor Hotel.

Pasco Market, Meat and Cold Storage Co.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

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PITTSBURG, PA. ALLIANCE. OHIO.

Received from W. H. Sutch, Lodge No. 826: Received from E. H. Miller, Lodge No. 178:

Edward Wagner, Fine toot Wear, corner Pcnn George R. Newkirk, The Club Cigar Store,

avenue and Main. East Main.

WEST VIRGINIA.
Received from S. E. Knotts, Lodge No. 267:

EATONS.
Mrs. D. P. Siglcy, Farmer.

FELLOWSVILLE.
Andrew Knotts, Farmer.
Silas Knotts, Farmer.

COVINGTON, KY.
Received from G. A. Morgan, Lodge No. 346:
Dan Cohen, Boots and Shoes, 22-24 Pike.
A. C. Heckman, Florist, 734 Madison avenue.
Ben Biedenham, Jr., Attorney-at-Law, Bradford
BIdg.
Joe Reusch, Barber, 1920 Madison avenue.
Ben Thomas, Cafe« State and Madison avenue.

ATLANiA, GA.

Received from R. E. Bransford, Lodge No. 802:

J. B. Morgan Coal Co., 153 E. Hunter.

W. R. Carroll, Dry Goods, Shoes and Clothing,
163 Decatur.

The Famous, 124 Decatur.

Jno. C. Whitner & Co., Fire Insurance, Pru-
dential Bldg.

Henry Meinert Coal Co., 69 S. Boulevard.

Atlanta Gas Light Co., Electric and Gas Bldg.

T. S. Lewis, Manufacturer* Crackers, Cakes and
Biscuits, 55-57 E. Mitchell.

Georgia Transfer & Storage Co., 14 E. Mitchell.

M. L. Thrower, Real Estate and Renting Agent,
39 N. Forsyth.

W. A. Hancock, Manager South River Brick
Co., 223 Gordon.

GALION, OHIO.

lieceived from Carl Monat, Lodge No. 36:

J. E. Parry, Jeweler, - Public Square.

Truex & Deming, Clothing, E. Main.

C. W. Bechtol, Jeweler, E. Main.
CHICAGO, ILL.

Received from C. W. Bucklieu, Lodge No. 531:

R. J. Kevency, Grocer, 1110 West 103d, Wash-
ington Heights.

Mainz & Zeller, Hardware, Stoves and Paints,
10212 Vincennes road, Washington Heights.
DODGE CITY. KAN.

Received from F. L. Dickinson, Lodge No. 96:

York Key Mercantile Co.

NEW CUMBERLAND, PA.

Received from H. C. Forry, Lodge No. 172:

F. S. Powell, General Merchandise.

C. D. Wilder, Barber, Fourth and Bridge.

The Central Drug Co., Inc., Third.
BOSTON, MASS.

Received from E. C. Monahan, Lodge No. 97:

Albiani Bros., Fashionable Hair Dressing
Rooms. 150 Summer.

Burke Rivers, Manager The Emerson Shoe Co.,
185 Summer.

HARRISBURG, PA.

Received from E. E. Miller, Lodge No. 42:

D. I. Miller, Physician, 1627 N. 6th.

P. G. Diener, Jeweler, 410 Market street.

L. Kauffman, Grocer, 16th street.

Boyd Estate, Funeral Director, 2nd and Chest-
nut.

S. S. Speese, Funeral Director, 2nd, below
Chestnut.

J. B. Foltz, Druggist, 6th and McClay.

BALTIMORE, MD.

Received from C. F. Graham, Lodge No. 124:

G. W. Graham, Wholesale Liquor Agent, 2010
Canton avenue.

G. Burns, Confectionery, 2049 Canton avenue.

J. Wills, Ice Cream Manufacturer, 2016 Can-
ton avenue.

J. Hennessy, Restaurant, 2026 Canton avenue.

C. Simson, Wholesale Cigar Agent, 1811 Bank.

LORAIN, OHIO.
Received from S. L. Stone, Lodge No. 467:
C. O. Smith, Groceries, 2400 Penfield avenue.
A. T. Grills, Doctor, 1746 Penfield avenue.

F. M. Noxon, Bakery, 16S;9 Penfield avenue.
Krebs Bros., Meats, Poultry, etc., 1628 Penfield

avenue.
James Martin, Tailor, 1616 Penfield avenue.
V. Martineck, Wagon Maker, 1521 Broadway.

G. C. Penney, Lime, Coal and Cement, 534 Sec-
ond avenue.

H. A. Dcemer, Insurance Agent, B19 Broadway.

H. Tates, Eagle Moving and Storage Co., 1018
S. Broadway.

Sam Klein & Co., Gents* Clothing, 311 Broad-
way.

W. A. Lciter, Photographer, 310 Broadway.

Metzger-Robison XTo., Clothiers, 237 Broadway.

Henry Sehlennkofer, Saloon, 204 Broadway.

H. Fredrick, Blacksmith and Carriages, 219
Second avenue.

F. S. Rathwell, Bicycle Hospital, 426 Broadway.

Geo. W. Stminer, New Haven Quick Lunch,
1102 Broadway.

Barrows Milling Co., Flour, Grain and Feed.

Freeland Bros., Bakery, 322 Evert

Geo. Wickens, Jr., Undertaker, 439 Frankfort.

J. F. Koch, Tailor, 166 Broadway.

Chas. Garver, Doctor, 1632 Penfield avenue.

Frank Young, Doctor, 1608 Penfield avenue.

L. D. Hurd, Doctor, 1738 Penfield avenue.

R. L. Denham, Groceries, 600 Dexter.

Joseph Nemccek, Groceries, 500 Evert

C. J. Reising, Shoe Dealer, 326 Evert.

John R. Ries, Groceries, 2009 Penfield avenue.

A. J. Curtis, Druggist, 1909 Penfield avenue.

Reichlin, Scanlon & Ready, Undertakers. 1738
Penfield avenue.

Klein & Drechsler, Clothing and Gents* Furnish-
ings, 1728 Penfield avenue.

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Google

736

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

DUBUQUE, lA.

Received from H. Budwiser, Lodge No. 581:

Dr. M. D. Linehao, Physician and Surgeon,
1238 Main.

J. J. Strayer, Dry Goods, 118 Iowa.

Kenline & Rodell, Lawyers, B. and L Building,
Main.

Kape & Buechele, Clothiers, Thirteenth and
Clay.

M. A. Dor an, Eagle Buffet and Restaurant.

Klauer & Kress, Hardware, 1260 Iowa.

Dr. R. J. Sweeney, Dentist, corner Thirteenth
and Clay.

Ed. Rider, Cafe, 1497 Jackson.

G. F. Thoemann, Druggist and Optician, 1800
Clay.

Kohlmann Bros., Clothiers, comer Lincoln and
Couler.

B. Lagen & Son, Livery, 48 Locust.
PARIS, TEX.

Received from P. C. Boston, Lodge No. 684:

Dr. Bedford, Broad Building.

W. J. Rcily, Grocer, 206 Clarksvillc.
TEXAS.

Received from J. Appleby, Lodge No. 369:
SAN ANTONIO.

N. B. Jones, Attorney, Alamo National Bank
Building.

M. J. Hewett, Phonographs and Records, 1326
W. Commerce.

Geo. Leneard, Manager Texas Loan Co., 237 $4
W. Commerce.

M. Adelman, Gents' Furnishings, Main Plaza.

E. J. H. Meier, I. & G. N. Drug Store, 1320
W. Commerce.

ENCINAU

G. M. Berry, Cafe.

John Green, Stockman.

LAREDO.

S. N. Johnson, Agent Anheuser-Busch Brewing Co.
NEW ALBANY, IND.

Received from Wm. Byrne, Lodge No. 16:

Moore & Wettig, 226 Pearl.

PARKERSBURG, W. VA.

Received from H. R. Vance, Lodge No. 365:

Caskey's Restaurant and Confectionery, 612
Market.

The Ideal Barber Shop, comer Sixth and Mar-
ket.

LAURIUM, MICH.

Received from Wm. N. Trudeau, Lodge No.
867:

Phil Van de Moter, Barber Shop, Third.

Henry FKege, Meats, Hccla.

M. Van Orden & Co., Fuel and Building Ma-
terial.

The Boston Store, Dry Goods, Clothing and
Shoes.

Miss W. D. Johnson, Millinery.

Walter Toupin, Imperial Hotel Barber Shop.

W. J. Reynolds, Market.

Eggen Bros. & Co., Bakery, Confectionery and
Cigars.

F. C. Glocke, Cigars and Confectionery.
Dunlap & Lindsay, Bakery.

Thos. E. Bowden, General Merchandise.

Thomas Paull, Meats, Linden avenue.

M. A. Sullivan, Groceries, Confectionery and
Tobacco.
. J. E. Straudel & Co., Calumet Cash Store.

Peter Mattson, Painting and Decorating.

David Armit, Real Estate and Insurance.

Laurium Hardware Co., Stoves, Paints and
Plumbing.

Edwards & Bushnell, Market.

J. K. Finlayson, Groceries.

Mrs. L. M. Nordquist, Millinery.

A. McClennen, Columbia Steam Laundry.

C. E. Anderson, Groceries, First.

J. F. Dupont, Automobile & Bicycle Supplies
and Repairing.

W. H. Boone, Plumbing and Heating Contract-
ing.

J. R. Cornish, Photographer, Third.

J. McKerroll. Livery, Feed and Sale Stable,
Third.

Superior Pharmacy. Drugs.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Received from C. Mahoney, Lodge No. 687:

Albert G. Massey, Eagle Ice & Coal Co., 4501
Girard avenue, West Philadelphia.

J. M. Keough, Poultry, Eggs, Butter, 1818-1820
Callowhill, Philadelphia.

HOULTON, ME.

Received from T. Crothers, Lodge No. 893:

W. A. Brown & Co., Job Printing, Gray Block.

Geo. B. Niles, Boot and Shoe Store, 27 Market
Square.

Clough & Tagget, Clothing, Box 342.

Irving & Davenport, Clothing.

Louis Dalton, Barber, 69 Main.

WEST PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Received from W. R. Foster, Lodge No. 363:

J. Paterson, Gents* Furnishing Goods, 4817
Woodland avenue.

SOUTH OMAHA, NEB.

Received from J. J. Gannon, Lodge No. 604:

G. B. Gafford, Livery and Sale Stable, 420 N.
Twenty-fifth.

South Omaha Ice Co., Coal and Ice, 601 N.
Twenty-fourth.

ALTOONA, PA.

Received from John W. Helman, Lodge No.
174:

A. M. Lauver, General Merchandise, 2000 Fiflh
avenue.

J. G. Wood, Dairy, 2207 Seventh avenue.

Dr. Fred H. Bloomhardt, 1805 Eighth avenue.

H. Johnson, Family Shoe Store, 1118 Eleventh
avenue.

W. F. Sellers, Jewelers, 1116 Eleventh avenue.

H. Kent, Dentist, comer Eighth and Twelfth.

M. E. L.ehder, Ice Cream Manufacturer, 703
Twelfth.

Hotel Schilling, Seventh avenue and Tenth.

Hoffman & Engle, Groceries, 830 Sixth avenue.

K. Kuny, Florist, First avenue and Tenth.

Hotel Leroy, Chestnut avenue.

Palace Clothing Co* Men's Furnishings, 1427
Eleventh avenue.

W. H. & L. C. Wolfe, Sporting Goods, 1011
Chestnut avenue.

Digitized by

Google

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

737

Osbom & Osborn, Tailors, Masonic Temple.

Oliver Rothert, Home Furnishers, Eleventh.

Altoona Leather Store, 1417J^ Eleventh avenue.

E. J. Akers, Pool, Cigars and Tobacco, 900
Eighth avenue.

W. T. Ackers, Men's Furnishings, 1116 Eleventh
avenue.

Frank Cassidy, Barber, 1027 Bridge.

Westfall Co., Men's Up-to-Date Furnishings,
1304 Eleventh avenue.

E. H. Murray, Men's Furnishings, 1421 Elev-
enth avenue.

ILLINOIS.

Received from F. O. Steger, Lodge No. 414:
DECATUR.

U. S. Wire Mat Co.

LOVEJOY.

J. W. Maher & Co., Groceries.

HAZELTON, PA.
Received from G. P. Schwartz, Lodge No. 173:
P. Dunnigan, Bottling Works, S. Wyoming.
Bachman Bros., Funeral Directors, W. Broad.
F. J. Baker, Barber, E. Broad.
M. Mardynak, Bottler, S. Pine.
J. Sweeney, Groceries, S. Pine.
Arnold's Pilsner Beer and Porter, E. Broad.
J. W. Boyle, Agent American Rochester Beer.
J. J. Gaughan, Gent's Furnishings, W. Broad.
E. Riley, Agent Freeland Brewing Co.
McHugh & Moran, Bottling Works, W. Broad.

CONNELLSVILLE, PA.
Received from C. C. Burkholder^ Lodge No.
218:

Werthman Bros.

C. W. Downs & Co., 127 Pittsburg.
Wright & Melzter Co., Clothiers.
C. T. Giles, Jeweler, 141 Main.

GRAND LODGE OP THE

Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen.

OFFICE OF GRAND SCCRCTARY AND TREASURER

To Subordinate Lodges, Officers and Members : August 1st, 1907

You will please note that there will be no Grand Dues or Protective Fund assessment for
Sept., 1907 Financiers when malcing their Sept. remittance will remit (2.00 for each Class
C, 11.50 for each Class B, and 75 cents for each Class A certificate for benefici-
ary members in good standing, and malce no remittance for
non-beneficiary members. ^^f^^- m-

The same applies to all members, admitted or readmitted mmmM^^m^
during the month of June. Fraternally yours,

STATEMENT OF CLAIMS PAID DURING THE MONTH OF JUNE, 1907

CLAIM.

11037

12413

12570

12649

12721
12722
12781

12764
12776
12796
12808
12805
12806
12807
12815
12826

12897
12898
12899
12900
12901
12902
12908
12904
12905
12906
12907
12908
12909
12910
12911
12912
12913

NAME. LODGE.

W. R. Wells 228

G. T. Boyd 340

John Williams 287

E. W. Martin 166

T. J. Huggard 288

Harry Gibson 845

E. J. Spencer 196

T. M. Eckert 725

J. N. TrcadwcU 496

J. V. Golden 78

G. J. Henderson 88

E. Gale Dent 115

H. B. Fritchie 168

Henry Shulef 471

L. S. Angelo 74

W. W. Bates 247

Wm. Baker 83

Daniel Mcl^eod 187

Tames McCabe 887

L. L. Barrett 688

J. E. Meiries 24

G. L. Wantlin 101

A. A. Fusselman ....101

T. J. McGrath 122

Allen Ziegler 887

J. F. Klnfi, 447

O. L. Knapp 195

Tony Sanders 24

B. L. Rollette 124

W. H. Frame 677

T. T. Bentley 249

M.J. Savage Ill

J. J. Manning 384

PAID TO. ADifRXSS. AMOUNT.

John Robert Cuddaby, Excr., Eden, Man $1,002.00

John J. Boyd, Admr., Sacramento, Cal 1,350.00

Mary Williams, Admx., Cleveland, 0 1,850.00

Mrs. E. W. Martin, Winona, Minn and Barbara

Monagon, Cumberland, Md 1,000.00

Lida Collins, Springfield, Mass 1,860.00

F. A. Droege, Clerk of Court, Covington, Ky.. 1,850.00
Francis C. Williams, Receiver, Addison, N. V.,

and J. H. Spencer, Oakland, Cal 1,350.00

Ed. J. Fleming, Attorney, Winfield, Kas 1,350.00

Mary E. Treadwell, New London, Conn 1,850.00

Phillip Golden, East Bank, W. Va 1,350.00

Fred Henderson, Logansport, Ind 1,360.00

Kate M. Sclby, San Jose, Cal 1,350.00

Mary L. Fritchie, Jersey Citv Hts., N. J 1,850.00

Elmer P. Norris, Admr., Mahoningtown, Pa.. 1,850.00
W. R. Angelo, Admr., San Bernardino, Cal.... 1,850.00
Neva C. Bates and Neva C. Bates, Gdn.,

Sioux City, Iowa 1,860.00

Mamie L. Baker, Pueblo, Col 1,860.00

Agnes McLeod, Buffalo, N. Y 1,360.00

Hannah McCabe, Philadelphia, Pa. 1,860.00

iames Barrett, Indianapolis, ind 1,860.00
larie A. Meiries. Havana, 111 1,860.00

Anna Wantlin, Battle Creek, Neb r 1,000.00

Almeda J. Fusselman, Council Bluffs, la. ... 1,860.00

T. J. McGrath, St. Paul. Minn. 1,850.00

Annie Ziegler, Philadelphia, Pa 1,850.00

Louise King, Baltimore, Md 500.00

Emma E. Knapp, Coming, N. Y 1,850.00

Grace A. Sanders, Quincy, 111 1,860.00

B. L. Rollette, Baltimore, Md 1,860.00

W. H. Frame, Weston. W. Va 1,860.00

Elizabeth Bentley, North Bay, Ont 1,360.00

Margaret J. Savage, Bridgeport, Conn 1,350.00

Minnie Manning, St. James, Minn 50^.00

Digitized by VjOOQIC

STATEMENT OF CLAIMS PAID DURING THE MONTH OF JUNE, 1907-Ood.

CLAIM,

12914

12916

12917

12918

12919

12920

12921

12922

12924
12925
12926
12927
12928
12930
12931
12932
12983
12934
12985
12936
12937
12988
12989
12940
12941
12942
12948
12944
12945
12946
12947
12948
12949
12960
12951
12952
12953
12964
12955
12956
12957
19958
12959
12960
12961
12968
12964
12965
12966
12967
12968
12969
12970
12971
12972
12978
•12974
12975
12976
12977
12978
12979
12980*
12981
12982
12983
12984
12985
12986
12987
12988
12989
12990
12991
120k92
12998
12«94
12996
12997
12998
12990
13000
13001
13002
13003

NAMB. LODGB.

Don Byron 381

T. P. Olinger ...;.... 367

I. A. Tyler 403

C. D. Norman 324

C. F. L. Neilson 404

F. P. Johnson 545

Dennis Dougherty .... 608

William Warnick 440

Wm. F. Hake 21

E. B. Parson* 366

F. F. Thorpe 876

J. M. Price 78

C. W. Blakey 80

John R. Jones 100

W. H. Jones 484

W. J. Potts 633

Chas. Cain 375

J. F. Coins 80

J. M. Bradley 124

S. L. Hall 447

C. M. Hamilton 64

W. H. Bird 47

E. R. Nelson 261

L. E. Bailey 582

J. R. Roberts 567

L. H. Robillard 647

J. L. Fluet 496

J. H. Spaulding 693

M. J. Bradley 156

E. C. Dean 389

Wm. Mayor 295

H. O. Shontz 755

D. H. Danner 530

P. M. Smith 686

J. W. Vanier 482

T. B. Taylor 666

Fred Palmer 407

C. A. Rose 851

John Lewis 516

C. W. Bayman 450

L. E. Wctherell 352

G. D. McLean 528

E. H. Irvine 305

Geo. A. Kane 250

W. L. Dolan 368

Alex. Hutchinson ....598

S. C. Parsons 605

J. N. Rogers 370

John Aikens 500

J. J. Gillespie 100

H. H. Warner 115

James McCann 197

E. H. Parsons 651

Joe Wrixon 323

W. E. Fyvie 228

H. L. Pennewcll 605

M. T. McCloskey 119

Arthur DeBeech 70

B. H. Morehouse 204

J. J. Moran 680

E. R. Dove 399

Geo. H. Smith 426

M. E. Kinney 474

John Quigley 824

F. J. Bourne 297

J. B. Curtin 417

Stephen A. Parker ... 90

L. T. Kinney 453

R. G. Meade 605

W. W. Moore 525

John H. Houlgrave ..669

J. T. Evans 14

L. S. Dibble 147

C. R. Walker 682

Arthur Bickerton 72

Anton Liebel 199

J. W. Finch 583

J. L. Good 731

John M. Chaney 117

C. E. Fuller 152

A. A. O'Donnell 187

R. C. Pearson 424

D. E. Crist 521

John B. Lutz 232

M. Cudahy 105

R. T. Hcastings 106

Philip Hall 467

PAID TO. ADDRBSS, AMOUNT.

Maggie A. Byron, Uhrichsville, 0 1,350.00

Elizabeth Olinger, Hancock, Mich 1,000.00

Mabel E. Tyler, Tacoma, Wash 1,350.00

C. D. Norman, Ogden, Utah 1,360.00

Neils C. Neilson, E. Boston, Mass 1,350.00

F. P. Johnson, St. Louis, Mo. 1,350.00

Delia Dougherty, Scranton, Pa 1,350.00

Wm. Warnick, Cumberland, Md 1,350.00

Lucy L. Hake, Girard, 0 1,350.00

Mattie Alice Potter, Woodstock, N. B 1,350.00

Martha Thorpe, Macon, Ga 1,000.00

J. M. Price, Albuquerque, N. M 1,350.00

C. W. Blakey, El Paso. Tex 1,360.00

John R. Jones, E. Mauch Chunk, Pa 1,350.00

W. H. Jones, Bark Hill, Md 1,350.00

W. J. Potts, Dalhart, Tex. 1,350.00

Isabelle Cain, Waukegan, 111 1,360.00

J. F. Goins, El Paso, Tex 600.00

Hattie V. Bradley, Richmond, Va 1,360.00

Ida E. Hall. Highlandtown, Md 1,360.00

Jennie M. Hamilton, St. Louis, Mo 1,350.00

W. H. Bird, St. Thomas, Ont 500.00

Lillie Nelson, Indianapolis, Ind 1,350.00

Lucille L. Bailey, Baird, Tex 1,360.00

Ida A. Roberts, Keokuk, la 500.00

Elodic Robillard, St. Anna, 111 600.00

J. L. Fluet, New London, Conn ».... 1,360.00

Clara M. Spaulding, Stamford, Conn 1,350.00

M. J. Bradley, Louisville, Ky 1,360.00

Lennie O. Dean, Manchester, Va 1 ,350.00

Ida Mayor, Prior Cr«ek. Ind. Terr 1,000.00

Naomi Shontz, Huntingdon, Pa 500.00

Mary F. Danner, Bedford City, Va 1,350.00

Anna Smith, Zanesville, 0 1,360.00

J. W. Varner, Texarkana, Ark 1,350.00

J. B. Taylor, Marshall, Tex 1,350.00

Eliza Palmer, Moncton, N. B 1,360.00

Julia Rose, Knoxville. Tenn 1,000.00

Celia Lewis, N. Fond du Lac, Wis 1,360.00

Maggie Bayman, Denver, Col 1.360.00

Bessie Wetherell, Watertown, S. D 1,350.00

Rebecca McLean, Wilmington, Del 1,360.00

Mary E. Irvine, Gonzales, Tex 1,000.00

Anna Kane, Rensselaer, N. Y 1,360.00

Annie L. Dolan, Taylor, Tex 1,350.00

Mary Hutchinson, Millerton, N. V 600.00

Minnie A. Parsons, Greenville, Tex 1,350.00

J. N. Rogers, Parsons, Kas 1,360.00

John Aikens, Stellarton, N. S 1,860.00

Mary Gillespie, Mauch Chunk, Pa 1,350.00

Ellen Warner, Freeport, HI 1,350.00

Nora McCann, New York, N. Y 1,360.00

Catherine Parsons, Richmond, Va 1,850.00

Theresa Wallen Wrixon, Winnipeg, Man 1,350.00

Frances C. Fyvie, Winnipeg, Man 1,350.00

Amy Pennewell, Greenville, Tex 1,850.00

M. J. McCloskey, Trenton, N. J 1,350.00

Arthur DeBeech, New Bedford, Mass 1,350.00

Ida B. Morehouse, Boone, Iowa 1,850.00

Margarette Moran, Denver, Col 1,350.00

Livona Dove, Rockport, Tex 1,350.00

Alice P. Smith, Greenfield, Mass 1,350.00

Mary Kinney, Joliet, 111 1.360.00

John Quigley, Ogden, Uteh 1,350.00

F. J. Bourne, Holden, Vt 1,350.00

J. B. Curtin, Syracuse, N. Y 600.00

Stephen A. Parker, Green Island, N. Y 1,350.00

L. T. Kinney, Clarksburg, W. Va 1,350.00

R. G. Meade, Athens, Mich 1,000.00

Almina R. Moore, Glendale. Wis 500.00

Elizabeth Houlgrave, New Orleans, La. 1,360 00

J. T. Evans, Montreal, Que 1,360.00

L. S. Dibble, Bay City, Mich 1,350.00

C. R. Walker, Duquesne, Pa 1,350.00

Freda Bickerton, Trenton, N. J 1,350.00

Mary E. Liebel. Erie, Pa 1,350 00

J. W. Finch, Danville, 111 1,360.00

J. L. Good, Hammond, Ind 500.00

Rose Chaney, Columbia, Pa. 1,860.00

C. E. Fuller, Oskaloosal la 1,000.00

A. A. O'Donnell, Buffalo, N. Y 500.00

Johanna Pearson, DeKalb, HI 1,850.00

D. E. Crist, Sharpsville, Pa. 1,860.00

Laura B. Lutz, Hinton, W. Va 1,360.00

M. Cudahy, Oil City, Pa 500.00

R. J. Heastings, Emsworth, Pa 1,350.00

Ellen Hall, Russell, Ky 1,350.00

Digitized by VjOOQIC

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«4h«'

Sweet Lavender.

BY ADBLBBRT CLARK.

Like the sweet breath of lavender

Prom the fields and meadows blown.
Bearing healing in its perfume

To the hearts both sad and lone,
Your kind words though weak and falt'ring

Breathed with pity and with love,
May revive each drooping spirit

Like a blessing from above.

If you know of brothers burdened

With a load of grief and care,
Qo to them with warmth and sunshine

And with them their sorrows share.
Tell them you are in the battle

And you'll help the rend to mend,
And whatever may befall them,

Tell them you will be their friend.

Tell them this with noble spirit ,.

W^en the darkest hour is nigh; vW*

It will make their burden lighter

And their grief speed swifter by.
There are hearts, this moment, starving

For a little word of love.
Why not speak it, and be reaping

Blessings from the Lord above!

Like the sweet breath of lavender

Bearing healing in its wings,
Love and sjrmpathy is richer

Than the proud and mighty kings.
Cheer, then cheer the lives of others!

Let the seeds of joy be sown.
You shall wear a crown of glory,

You shall reach a higher throne!

oogie

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f ubllahed Mouthly by imt Brutherhood of KailitMid Trslnm«n.
Entered at the poet-offloe sc Oleveland, Ohio, m aeoond-clan mfttter.

D. L. CEASE 14^^^^^ Subscription Prick

Editob and Manager ^"^^SSg^ $1.U0 Per Year In Advance

Vol. XXIV. SEPTEMBER 1907. No. 9

"Sentiment, Without Sense/'

JOSE GROS.

|E are all chameleons, more or higher than that from the Father of all

less, we take the hues and tints glories in this beautiful creation of ours?

of our surroundings," said Edgar And is it possible that human government

Fawcett, one of the most bril- is only a device with which to protect so-

liant and picturesque American novelists ciety from a few supposed bad men at the

of the last twenty-five years. And how bottom of the social pit? And why should

vividly that short sentence expresses the the wisdom of society forever assume that

vital importance of healthy surroundings, we need to have any group of bad men, to

if we are on earth to live something of a be generally found among the poor and the

normal existence! ignorant, among the non-respectable ot

In the Atlantk Monthly for July we non-cultured, crude, etc.?

have a long article on "Government by In Harper's Weekly, June 20th, we are

Impulse." It is there acknowledged that told as follows: "The governor of the

impulse has always been one of the traits state of Massachusetts has vetoed a bill

exhibited in the evolution of all national passed by the legislature, authorizing a city

life. "Government is a human device to to go into the ice business. The govern-

protect society from encroaching individu- or's veto is in accord with the opinion of

als." That is the definition given us in the Supreme Court of the state." Yet by

that article. That whole production is a certain decision of the United States Su-

a song of glory about our judiciary, with- preme Court a state can lend money for

out which the nation would often have certain business operations, "under given

gone to pieces, according to that article, cases and conditions."

It is there acknowledged that our judiciary Well, the above conflicts and contradic-

is the exclusive novelty in human govern- tions that we have been having for over a

ment. If so, why is it that so many nations century, the clashes and reclashes of au-

have managed to live centuries upon cen- thority which increase in proportion to that

turies without the wonderful safety valve progress of ours, a progress of despair;

of a judiciary? Why to presuppose that the perpetual disagreements we have,

only "nine men'* at the head of a nation among the best and highest products of

or state shall be free from the selfish im- our own poor humanity all over the earth:

pulse of destruction? and all for the mere purpose of running

Impulse! Has "man" received nothing away from the wisdom of God; all with

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742 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the same intense longing of keeping legal- ply the miserable adjective of dismal to
ized iniquity alive in the realm of each na- any science? Any science worthy of men
tional group ... if all that has not must be— "a group of fixed principles for
destroyed civilization long ago . . healthy human growth, fixed by the order
it can hardly be the fault of human wis- of nature." We have but one science
dom, no matter in what group of men, worked out and applied by the order of
large or small, judges, or anything else, men. We refer to the military science of
our poor human wisdom may have been wholesale murder and destruction of prop-
concentrated, erty by men's manufactured tools and sa-

Impulse and sentiment, backed by selfish- tanical deviced processes of what we call

ness! Has not that been and is yet at the invention. And that is just the science

root of all human conflicts, great or small, which, in close imitation to all the worst

in the life of nations and in that of every despotisms, we, the supposed best and most

one of us individually? There is not a influential people at the head of the best

single sin, or crime, or barbarism, or trag- nations, consider indispensable for that

edy, in the history of men which does not progress of ours, the progress of sin.

come from the impulses of sentiment or Sentiment without sense ! Does not that

from the sentimentalities of impulse; they recapitulate the history of civilization thus

are lacking the indispensable element of — far? We have sense enough in some of

sense, the sense of what we owe to each the incidents and details of life when life

other and to God, the sense of unselfish- is a question of how to prolong the agony

ness, of brotherly love. of humanity through some form of legal-

In the same above mentioned Harper's ized injustice. Outside of that miserable
Weekly w^ can read as follows: "One of orbit in human entanglements and absurdi-
the signs of the times is that colleges and ties, outside of that we don't seem to have
universities find it difficult to procure a any use for sense. Sentiment is all we
sufficient number of desirable teachers of care for just where sense is most needed
economics. And there is a constant and for healthy development,
greater demand from all other educational By the word sense we should mean : "The
institutions for instructors in the — '* dismal mind bent upon grasping and realizing the
science." To that the editor of the Har- highest combined, collective ideals; and so
per's Weekly adds. "What is called for establish God's truth among men and na-
and needed are — real economists untainted tions through human governments in ac-
hy socialism." cord with the divine government of the

Could anything 'Of the kind ever happen universe." We still prefer human govem-

if humanity, the best fellows among. men, ments in defiance of all divine govem-

had ever tried to learn the few bottom ment. If we did not, then all human ter-

principles of sound common sense in the restrial troubles and sins would vanish in

simple process of human development, the less than twenty years. But don't you see

development of plain honesty in our deal- how we repudiate the faith that Jesus told

ings with each other? Why should there us to have by which to remove mountains,

be a dismal science any more than a dis- the mountains of our sinful laws, those

mal universe or a dismal Creator? The sinful enactments of ours that we love so

very thought of a dismal science, origi- dearly!

nated and kept alive by several modern There we have the sentiment that aban-

generations of men educated in churches, dons all sense. We abandon sense at the

colleges and universities all over the earth foundation of all human life. Hence the

and in the assumed best nations; does not futility of the sense we try to have in the

that conclusively prove the existence of a incidents of life. We thus take cogniz-

dismal education and a dismal humanity, ance of some of the results of our terres-

dismal because we keep yet running away trial existence, while refusing to appre-

from a God of beauty and joy? hend, to know, to grasp the causes to

Why not to have a sensible definition which we owe the troublesome results of

of the word science before we foolishly ap- our distorted progress. We thus keep

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trusting to that incidental goodness of ours, wisdom to the simple one of God. Civili-

based on that fatal, fundamental badness, zation remains then the only blunder in

selfishness which we claim to be — ^the col- space infinite, the only ugly, discordant

lective heritage of a righteous Father. We sound in the symphony of creation. And

thus practically give up that Father, give that great blunder and sin is decreed by

up all bottom sense, for the sake of foolish our precious human laws, even now, as it

sentiment. We still prefer our complex always has been.

Mt. Lowe, California.

FELIX J. KOCH.

|ND, we would tackle Mt. Lowe, esting, to pass things tourists don*t care a
It looks so nice as you read it rap about. An osteopathy college and an
in the railway brochures, don't occidental college, for example, a lot of
you know, the "cheapest long- neat-enough, commonplace, two - story
distance railway mountain ride in the homes, nestling around a church built in
world." Twenty-five miles, we believe, that eternal mission style. Then we struck
from Los Angeles, for — well, no matter, the hills, where the houses were more
some supposedly low figure. scattered, crossing the Los Angeles town-

So we started for Mt. Lowe. Incidental- limits on a trestle at half past nine,
ly we were going to write about the "Cheap- Through the eucaplyptus trees we could
est Railway Ride in the World." Before we. see the mountains on the left in clouds. The
had been very long launched on our jaunt rainy season was on, and we were going
we were firmly settled on a title, "The mpuntain-climbing.

Great California Robber-Nest," only that They made a point of riding slow past
the words failed to express that the robbed the ostrich farm, whether to advertise the
were the tourists. Later, however, we soft- 'place or not, some of us were not certain,
ened up a bit — perhaps it was the fare at and also to show us residence tracts still
the tavern that did it — ^and our hearts melt- available, being occupied by pepper trees
ed to write as we do. and blue clematis, with just enough pretty

To begin at the beginning, it was cer- places on the side streets to give an inkling
tainly annoying. The car from Los Angeles of what we might build. The prettiest part
out was of the usual tourist sort, open sum- of Pasadena was omitted, so we would
mer car each end, closed car center. Then come again, on another allied line,
a sign that the motorman should not be To give them their due, they did show
questioned, the conductor would give all us the flower-beds of one of the hotels, ge-
information. Inasmuch as the conductor raniums, petunias and daisies; but we went
made a point of staying where perhaps he by on a tear; continued on a tear through
belonged, in the end of the end compart- residential Pasadena (which we wanted to
ment, only those having seats there bene- see), tore on through the Japanese tea-
fited by his knowledge. As for the rest of gardens, framing in prospects of mountains
us, there was a Jap, a Dunker couple, a now lost in low white clouds, and then
motive superintendent, and ten "common came to a halt at the rear of the opera
tourists," as they call them out west, so we house, to which our attention was called,
couldn't all occupy seats in the rear. Then there was a stop of one-half min-

The ride to Pasadena was commonplace ute for Pasadena, at quarter to ten. Not
enough, for those who know California, even enough time to get a full view of the
Unlike the usual route, however, they seem- fine City Hall, to say nothing of the two
ed bound to swerve off from things inter- blocks or so of stores. Before the corn-
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

pany's barns though, where there was noth-
ing to see, the stop was most prolonged.

Then we went along, leisurely, through
the less interesting streets of Pasadena.
Only now and then a really pretty place, —
principally little bungalows of cheap frame,
with few flowers about, and sprinkled be-
tween vacant lots.

The "wag" began to find method in their
madness. Evidently they had an interest in
selling those lots. Hence, we were movirg
at snail's pace.

After that, things grew still duller ; — bare

prrom here the real ascent would begin.
The steep grade of the road showed itself
beneath the peppers, rising to the moun-
tains, and the lowering white clouds.
Through blooming apricot-orchards and
wild, weed-covered fields the track wound
endlessly ahead. To the rear, through a
cove, we could still see the city, in its val-
ley, among the trees. That was 10:05.

Ten-ten found us practically at the very
foot of the mountains. It was a great
ridge, this one, covered with green vegeta-
tion, dviU at this season of the year, but

MT. LOWE. CALIFORNIA. READY TO DESCEND.

orchards of wild grass ; a cemetery, too far
for us to see the graves, and the small
lemon orchards of Altadena, where the
men were plowing. We paralleled a coun-
try-road paralleling the mountains, and a
pretty home came in sight ; a place, lined
with hedges and pepper-trees. So they took
on speed, and we were past it in a trice.
At Ahadena, then, at ten, we stopped, to
roast in the sun, when, a few rods farther
on would have set the car in the shadows
of a pleasant little hotel.

considerably lighter in patches than others.
The peaks rose and fell out of cloud banks
and fog, and we could see where a row of
white telegraph poles stretched up to their
summits.

The farmer tourist was drawing our at-
tention to the soil, yellow, but brown on
the top, and filled with pebbles, when we
disappeared into a dark canon. We were
at one edge of the palisade, and looking
down, saw a dry deep creek, into which we
were threatened to tumble. Opposite rose

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a green mountain, covered with low trees. The only thing spoiling the particular

Some workmen were tinkering with the prospect was an odor that came from the

track, right at the most dangerous curves, tavern. Evidently they had bought a goose,

Not a very re-assuring thought, surely, as but were cooking it, feathers and all, if one

we spun out over airy depths. might suspect by the smell.

There is a bend in this dense valley, We didn't have time to take in that pros-
where all sun is cut off and the rocks re- pect, — of course not. There was time,
main eternally mossy. Then we came to a though for this car to stop, and its crew
halt at Rubio, just a pavilion in the val- to chat at their ease with that of a work-
ley, twenty-two hundred feet over the sea, train. Result, we did not leave until ten-
or about as high as the Catskill Mountain eighteen,
hotels. This was at quarter past ten. Some of the ladies were nervous, wheth-

Of course they allowed us no time to er actually so, or to be fashionable, un-

MT. LOWE, CALIFORNIA. ONE SECTION OF THE WAY SHOWING DOUBLE TRACK.

see the place, a sort of cottage-form, white- known. A light chain was thrown across

washed inn, with souvenir stands and the the entry to benches, and attention drawn

like ; but out of this car and into the moun- to a gorge on the left of the track, hemmed

tain-climber at once. in by mountains covered with scrub. On

That car was in itself an oddity. Its the right rock alone made up the moun-

sides were of three tiers, and inside two tains. The fog seemed rising with us.
benches to each, five seats to a bench; ten Some one remarked that this was a trip

to a tier, and so on. We were more inter- he wouldn't miss for a thousand dollars or

ested though in the site, a beautiful spot, take over again for the world,
surrounded by forest-clad mountains, and Then he looked back, and just as he was

with the brook singing below. Above rose enjoying the wonderful view and regretting

the steep incline, three rails, and between he'd made the last half of his statement, he

each pair, two cables. was interrupted by the man for Jjje tickets.

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746 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

So he lost half that gorgeous prospect over came to a stop, just as the Dunker had

the lower slopes to the valley, with the read some statistics about its being five

rows of arbor vitac and the light green, thousand feet to the tavern and 6,100 to

flatter areas, the patches of dark green and the top. We stopped at ten-thirty, in fog.

brown, then the denser vegetation out- that was all.

stretching off to the distant rolling hill. Everything was hidden in fog, save for

By the time that bothersome ticket taker the great search light. Still, we must stay

was gone, we had only, on the right, the the prescribed thirty-five minutes. Those

high, forested mountains behind us. were rules, the tourists notwithstanding.

The down-car came by and we remarked We c6uld pass time wandering out over

its thick cable, and again the nervous grew the belvidere, into fog. We could make out

nervous. We could feel the effect of the what we would by ourselves. There was

altitude on our ears and that made them still no one to explain. This was where the

just so much the more irritable. great fire had been, but there was only the

MT. LOWE, CALIFORNIA. ON THE SUMMIT.

The fog was settling on the other moun- mass of brick and stone and fog over all,

tains below us, and there came no change and a burro grazing in the wreckage,

in the view. Other clouds began closing in The conductors sat aloof to chat, while

all about us, and the picture was indescrib- the travelers sauntered around of them-

ably drear. selves, disconsolate and forlorn. There

Out of the smoky vapors the track seem- were a few tents in a gulch just beyond,

ed to fall, extremely steep, below. The but there wasn't the time to pay visits,

conductor took no notice of queries as to One fell to picking up pebbles or souvenirs,

the depth, but simply dozed off by himself, just to kill the half hour. The clouds and

We tried to find beauty and consolation the fogs closing off all the view, left abso-

in fog, — fog hiding steep bends— and the lutely nothing whatsoever to do.

track to the rear, until all of a sudden we We sat about, the fourteen of us, like a

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747

lot of lost sheep. We had not yet grown
friends and could not even tell stories.
Only on one point did we agree, and that
was the foolishness of the rule of so long
a stop on the days where the weather was
bad. We came to conclusions unanimously,
that it was done to make us all the hungrier
for dinner. And dinners, out west, cost
money.

When the conductor had tired of hang-
ing over the rail to the belvidere, watching
the play of the fog, we moved on.

This time it was in an open summer car,

to be heard now, and the tent and the
wheels at the head of the incline to be
seen, and the drip of the rain on the can-
vas for comfort!

It seemed they were waiting for the oth-
er car to reach here, that its passengers
might join us. It was 11:24 before they
arrived. The weather made every one of
them likewise disgruntled. They gave one
tantalizing look into the fog in the valley,
recalled that this was the famous Echo
Mountain section they had looked forward
to, and then were ready to continue. On

MT. LOWE, CALIFORNIA. A VIEW OF THE DOUBLE TRACK AND CABLES.

of eleven benches, each fitted for five per-
sons. The mists were all about us, and it
was exceedingly chilly. Those who had
cravenettes hid in them; the rest
wished they hadn't come. Only now and
then a magnificent view, while we waited, —
for what— made them a bit m9re cheerful.
Fog, lifting to mist, then descending with a
dash of rain, and then a great shower,
caused them to put up the oil-cloths around
the car, cloths containing windows at the
very front only. That was the outcome of
the stop. Monotonous, — with only the wind

up the mountain-sides, overlooking gulches,
hugging rock palisades, and bending, while
ascending, then looking into valleys of fog
again alone, — it was as though we rode in
a vast steam kettle and emerged only with
the vapors. Other vapors came from the
precipice, still others from rocky canons.
The track was ever winding and turning,
rather than ascending by inclines, as before.
At 11.30 we would look down among the
trees, scrub-oak and pine, into other can-
ons. Then we made the horse-shoe, and at
the same time tried to raise the nasty, sticky

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

•canvas to take a peep at the prospect. There
were fine pines and pin-oak tops beside us,
to be overlooked, but the canvas hid some
and the fog the rest.

The circular bridge, 4,200 feet over the
sea, — a bridge of wooden trestle-work, was
crossed in a trice. Cuts, with cactus that
smelt of the camomile, too, were cleared in
a hurry. Even the famous Grand Canon
was little more than vapor.

By and by we slackened speed and in
the great granite passes among the trees

watched the mist drip as it does in Novem-
ber, back in Ohio. Burros and a corral in
one gulch seemed to betoken the end. It
was growing cold here, and we hailed with
delight the prospect of four little white
frames and the Alpine Tavern, that masked
the end of the railway.

At nine minutes to noon we stopped.
The cars left at 1:30 and half after four.
Or you could stay over night. Who cared?
It was dinner, and the log fire we wanted
now, that was all! We had tested to the
full the ride up Mt. Lowe.

Primary Demands Of Labor.

DR. SAMUEL G. SMITH,

The Industrial Conflict.

IT WOULD be foolish to deny
that the forces commonly known
as capital and labor stand over
against each other, either in
open antagonism or in armed neutrality.
It is sometimes stated that the labor
unions constitute not more than twenty per
cent of the working population, and on the
other hand, the employing class constitutes
a much smaller percentage, but meantime
the whole public is so inextricably united
with both classes that it shares in their
practical debates, and suffers tremendous-
ly from any economic follies in which they
may indulge.

The general public sees in the conflict
only the work of huge mechanical forces;
they see that capital is bulwarked with
power, and supported by statutes; they see
that labor has come to feel in a new way
its latent power, has a new-born sense of
rights, which have hitherto been denied,
and in the name of the new industrial de-
mocracy is flinging banners to the breeze,
which may become the symbols of revolu-
tion.

But, the forces are not mechanical, and
the conflict is not material. The battle is
waging between men whose intellects and
hear*s are involved, whose social life has
been begotten by ten thousand successful
struggles through uncounted thousands of

years, and this organic structure which wc
call society is not to perish by rea.son of
labor disputes, for it is the resultant value
of history, and it is too precious to the
faith and love of men. It is essential that
we discover the moral and social forces
which are able to control, and the economic
wisdom which is suflScient to guide, in the
present social emergency.

In presenting the view of what workmen
want, it is quite natural that the workmen
referred to should be those who belong to
organized labor, for organized labor is an
accomplished fact. It is the organic rep-
resentative of the bone and sinew of the
nation. Organization has come to stay. It
has a right to stay. Its voice must be
heard. It is the only form of labor that has
any voice. Apart from organization, labor
is dumb and as weak today, as when it
cowered a trembling slave beneath the lash
of its master.

It is too late to recount the history of the
struggle for the right of free association.
The associations of workmen fought their
way by the tools of revolution to peaceable
recognition. There was no other course to
be pursued in England, when the power to
legislate was wholly in the hands of the
classes.

The growth of labor unions is parallel
with the growth of the modem industrial

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749

system. With the introduction of steam
and machinery, the household industry and
the small shop were manifestly doomed.
With the development of large groups of
men engaged in common service, and the
loss of the old intimate contact between
the employer and employed, a new state of
affairs was bom. This new relation could
only be met by the sense of common condi-
tions, common needs, and common rights
which must of necessity come sooner or
later to those engaged in common toil.

The organization of capital brought hu-
man flesh and blood face to face with an
arbitrary thing, which was not an entity at
all in itself, which was a creature created
by the law, and which seemed to have
neither soul nor compassion. The evolu-
tion of property rights has been very slow
and is, practically, the history of the un-
folding of juridic society. Over against
this evolution of thousands of years there
stands the two hundred years' development
of the recognized rights of wage earners,
and it is only within the last forty years
that this development has been largely sig-
nificant.

It is sometimes said that labor unions
would be all right if they were well man-
aged. It is absurd to expect that a form of
social and industrial organization which is
recent in time, and which is essentially new
in fanction, should come into being without
many and gross mistakes. It is asking too
much. Political, religious and economic
organization, and every other form of hu-
man association has come up through great
tribulation, and is the survival of uncounted
blunders. The only thing to ask is whether
the labor union has promise of enough use-
fulness when it is developed to atone for
the cost of its development. The legal bat-
tle for labor unions has been already fought
out. They have a right to exist. The
ethical battle will yet be won when they
will have the respect of society, because
they will be found to serve society well.

It is time to look at the matter a little
more concretely. A labor union may be
defined as an association of workmen join-
ed together for economic and social im-
provement. There are certain and manifest
uses of such associations, and they have
distinctly proved their value

Of special significance, in the first place,
is the social value The labor union makes
the craft the foundation of fellowship It
unites men of various races; it overcomes
differences of creed and speech It intro-
duces a new and fundamental principle of
social organization Those who study the
structure of society from a scientific point
of view are all well aware that the strength
of every social order depends upon the
number and strength of the social bonds.

The most coherent social organization
that ever existed was the ancient city-state,
based upon one blood, one law, one land,
one religion, one speech, one government,
one history, one tradition. The American
value of labor unions is tremendous be-
cause our adverse social elements are not
sufficiently united in common interests.
The public school may be said to be the
greatest agency for the development of the
American type out of the complex race ele-
ments, but I should place as only second to
the public school, the labor union. In some
respects, the labor union is more efficient
than the school, for while the school creates
an unconscious atmosphere, the labor union
furnishes men a motive for seeking with
intelligence to find a common ground of
faith and action.

The next value of the labor union is edu-
cational. The organization itself stands for
studies on economic questions. The labor
leaders are students of these questions in a
direct and special way, but the rank and
file are compelled to be, incidentally, stu-
dents, for they listen to all sorts of discus-
sions upon questions to which they are only
remotely related, and even though the
economic theory that is expounded is not
always sound, the same thing may be said
of economic theory in many another form.

Not alone are economic facts and princi-
ples made an object of inquiry, but the la-
bor unions afford an admirable school in
the power of public speech. They are the
lyceums of the people. Here among equals,
men of ability come to the front and learn
to express themselves with the sureness
and clearness that would often put to
shame associations of employers.

But, the labor organization is a form of
discipline, and this is increasingly true. It
used to be regarded as an engine of revolt ;

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or an organization of agitation, but nothing
is finer than the self-control of some of the
labor leaders, and increasingly the labor
unions not only seek to promote wise re-
forms, but to suppress unwise or untimely
agitations.

Now, if the labor union had only social
value and educational value, it would doubt-
less receive the endorsement of employers,
and of the public generally, but, in addition,
it has manifested economic value. By agi-
tation and education, by persuasion and re-
volt, the labor unions have increased wages
in many branches of toil, and have largely
reduced the hours of labor. They have
made better the economic conditions of
their members, and they have done more;
for, indirectly, they have raised the wages of
large numbers of people not connected with
the unions. By increasing the amount of
wages, they have increased the power of
consumption, and they have stimulated in-
dustries, and have assisted in developing
commercial activity. Mr. James Duncan
asserts that in fifteen years, the 10,000
members of the Granite Cutters' Union
alone have secured an increase of more
than $32,000,000 in wages.

The labor unions have been useful in se-
curing protective legislation. Labor unions
sometimes claim that they have secured this
legislation single-handed and alone, but the
wise leaders know that they have been as-
sisted, and sometimes preceded, by thought-
ful and philanthropic persons in no way
connected with labor unions. The fact re-
mains that the recent years coincident with
the development of the labor movement
have also been marked by the passage of
new laws for the protection of labor. The
establishment of labor bureaus by the vari-
ous states furnishes the organ for all kinds
of investigation, and the channel through

which wise suggestion for new legislation
may flow.

Many of the investigations of labor bu-
reaus are not only full of practical utility,
but have a great deal of scientific value.
Among the laws which have been secured
are those to protect women and children,
by denying to children under certain ages
the right to labor, and by limiting the hours
when women may labor, and excluding
them from certain dangerous and overtask-
ing employment. The new legislation in-
cludes factory inspection to see that these
laws are enforced, that sanitary conditions
prevail, and to make. further suggestions of
needed improvements. The doctrine of the
employer's liability for injuries received in
work has been entirely recast, and has com-
pelled a federation of employers through
insuring associations. These are only indi-
cations of the broad field that has been
covered.

It cannot be too strongly urged that la-
bor laws are not alone protection for the
laborer, but they are also protection for the
generous employer against his stingy com-
petitor. In the struggle for existence, and
in the freedom of trade which follows open
markets for the purchase and sale of com-
modity and of labor, it is often impossible
for the employer to be as generous as he is
disposed to be, for he must meet the con-
ditions imposed by the common methods of
the trade in which he is engaged, both in
his own city and state, and in the compet-
ing territory.

He is allowed to be as generous as he
finds it possible to be only if his unwilling
competitor is compelled to engage in busi-
ness on the same terms. These are some of
the arguments in brief for the usefulness
of the labor union. In my judgment, they
have not been and cannot be answered.

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The Great Interior Trunk Line Of China.

|NE of the first steps toward the son for building the remainder of the line
realization of our new national south to Canton. The original concession
ideas would be the construction, for this section of the line was granted to
under Chinese auspices, of a an American citizen and by him turned
great trunk line to traverse the central and over to an American syndicate, headed by
most fertile provinces of China, from Pek- the late Senator Brice. A preliminary sur-
ing to Canton." These are the words of vey for the line was made by William Bar-
the Chinese minister at Washington, and clay Parsons in 1898 and 1899. Subse-
they represent one of the most definite am- quently the American-China Development
bitions of the awakened China. Peking, Company was organized and took over the
the capital of the Chinese empire, is about concession. The Boxer troubles in 1900
100 miles inland from the gulf of Pechili, and following events delayed the construc-
with which it is connected by railroad, tion. After these matters had been all ad-
Canton, the principal city of south China, justed the company built the Samshui
is a port on the southern coast of the em- branch from Canton westerly through the
pire. It is important to China to have these manufacturing city of Fatshan to Samshui,
two great cities connected by a railroad, 30 miles. The traffic immediately developed
not only in order to develop the populous on this line was very large, chiefly in pas-
provinces lying between them, but also for sengers. Most of the trains are hauled by
military and political purposes. China ter- Manhattan Elevated locomotives, which are
ritorially is not unlike the United States heavy enough for the short-train, broken-
except that she has no western seacoast. service traffic. The American-China Develop-
The natural plan of railroad development ment Company also graded 12 miles of
would be by east and west lines inland roadbed on the main line northerly from
from the seaports such as were first built Canton to Kotung, laying track for about
in this country. In China, however, many six miles, delivering the rails, bridge work
of the most important ports are under the and some of the equipment on the ground
control of foreign nations, who also com- for the whole. At the close of the work
mand the sea. The Chinese fear to open P. H. Ashmead, who is now in charge at
up the empire to foreign attack by building New York of the railroad work which J.
east and west lines. The advantage of the G. White & Company are doing in the
north and south line from Peking to Can- Philippines, was Chief Engineer,
ton is that it will make it possible to con- At this point the Chinese Government in-
centrate military forces in case of need, a tervened, stating that it was its policy not
thing impossible without it, for military to grant any more concessions to foreign
transport would not be safe by sea and the companies, but to acquire the existing con-
distances are too great for land marching cessions so far as possible, and that it
over poor roads. therefore desired to purchase from the com-

The route of this proposed interior trunk pany all its property and rights. A loan
line is shown on the accompanying map. having been made by the viceroy of one of
It is already in operation from Peking the provinces through the Hongkong-
south to Hankow, 753 miles. From Han- Shanghai Bank, the necessary funds were
kow to Canton is nearly as much further, obtained to buy from the American com-
The completed section of the road was pany all its rights, at a price satisfactory
built by a Franco-Belgian syndicate under to both the company and the Chinese Gov-
Jean Jadot, a Belgian engineer, as Chief emment. This was done in the autumn of
Engineer, and was officially opened on No- 1905.
vember 12, 1905. Since that time many complications ap-

Since that time there has been every rea- pear to have arisen. The territory through

, Google

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

which the road is to run is under the gov- line, which fell to the Canton viceroy. The

ernment of two viceroys, one at Canton, viceroy of Wuchang, however, secured

the other at Wuchang, on the southern control of the property at the head oflfice

side of the Yangste river opposite Hankow, of the company at Shanghai. In the same

THE PEKING-HANKOW AND CANTON-HANKOW RAILROADS.

Each viceroy promptly took possession of way the different provinces through which

that part of the property in his own terri- the road was to run decided on different

tory. The bulk of the work which had methods for building the road. In Canton

been done was on the southern end of the (Kwangtung province) the merchant class

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 753

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764 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

decided to build the road themselves; in sible to apprehend clearly what is the

Hunan the gentry and officials agreed to trouble. The general situation, however,

co-operate with the merchants; in Hupeh appears to be somewhat as follows: Two

the railroad was to be built by the gov- Chinese gentlemen of Hongkong, large

ernment officials exclusively. In these last shareholders in the railroad company, who

two provinces no work whatever has been had in their possession large sums of money

done, but the people are not ignorant of the which had been subscribed toward building

fact that they are to have a railroad, for the road, refused to hand over the money

they have to pay higher taxes in order to at the central office at Canton when called

repay the loan made to buy the road from on to do so on the ground that there should

the American company. Thus nothing was first be a public audit of the money already

accomplished on the northern or Hankow received. Probably in consequence of the

end of the Canton-Hankow line. implications involved in this demand the

On the Canton or Southern end matters viceroy was removed and a new viceroy ap-
have progressed further. Subscriptions pointed, who ordered that an audit be
were asked for building the road and shares made. So far as has been announced no
issued in $5 denominations for $1 crookedness was discovered, but a full dis-
each. These Were heavily subscribed for. closure of the findings has never been made
Dissensions immediately began as to who public. The two Hongkong gentlemen
should have control of the money. The then applied to have their names reinstated
viceroy appointed one set of directors ; the as shareholders of the company. Following
merchants another. The viceroy thereupon this there was a general meeting of share-
arrested the directors appointed by the mer- holders at Canton which seems to have put
chants, and was upheld in his action by the in the shade any stirring shareholders*
central authorities at Peking, After this meeting of which the Occident has record,
trouble had blown over, it was dis<fovered A certain man openly charged the Canton
that there were no Chinese engineers com- officials of the road with wholesale bribery
petent to build the road. It was natural to of the provincial officials, naming specific-
turn to the Belgian engineers who had built ally the viceroy, the provincial treasurer
the northern section of the trunk line, but and the provincial judge as bribe takers,
the governor of Hongkong, a British city, The proceedings at this meeting were sup-
intimated that it would be more graceful on posed to have been kept secret, but mod-
China's part to appoint British engineers, em journalistic methods having apparently
At this deadlock the viceroy's appointee as found a foothold in China, a report of the
President of the company resigned, accom- meeting was published in one of the Chi-
panying his resignation with a statement nese daily papers. The ink was hardly dry
that the Chinese engineers who were in before the accused officials had arrested the
charge of the work were absolutely incapa- editor, and discovered from him the author
ble and urging that English, American or of the original accusations, who was at
Japanese engineers be secured. The only once thrown into prison. There he was at
result accomplished was the completion of last accounts, the officials, according to re-
the line from Canton to Kotung, 12 miles, port, being consumed by a white hot rage,
already more than half finished by the and demanding that he shall remain in cus-
American company. This was the pro- tody until he can produce the very man
gress of the enterprise up to about Septem- who actually saw the bribes paid over,
ber, 1906. Besides all this, the seventy-two Hongs,

The situation since that time is summed which represent the shareholders and the
up by the Hongkong correspondent of the directors of the road have repudiated the
North China Daily News. According to meeting as unauthorized and at the same
him the present situation is characteristi- time are doing all in their power to prevent
cally Chinese and could hardly have been the reinstallation of the gentlemen of Hong-
created in any other nation. It is confusion kong whose original protest started all the
worse confounded. For a foreigner, lack- trouble. Meanwhile the ex-viceroy, who
ing the Chinese mind, it is almost impos- was put out of office on account of the im-

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756 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

plications of dishonesty, has sent a tele- nation." They communicated first with the
gram from Shanghai advising patience and United States but were unable to arrange
deprecating anything like summary or un- satisfactory terms. They then turned to
premeditated action. Belgium, **a very wealthy, small country.
It is probable that the preliminaries of whose power is negligible" as they said in
construction of the Peking-Hankow section their report of December, 1897. About
of the through line were equally complica- this time the French minister at Peking,
ted, for the project was definitely outlined reminding the Chinese government of an
in 1889. In that year arrangements for article of the Franco-Chinese treaty of
building the line were entrusted to two 1885, which stipulated that "in the con-
viceroys, one of whom was Li Hung struction of railroads China will use all
. Chang, then viceroy of the province of Pe- her influence to attract French industry,"
chili. This is the northern province brought pressure to bear to give French

LANDING CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FOR PEKINC-HANKOW RAILROAD.

through which the road runs, the southern capital a share in the project On June 26

provinces being in order to the south 1898, in spite of opposition from Great

Honan and Hupeh, These three provinces Britain, a revised concession was granted

are among the most populous in China. to a Franco- Belgian syndicate for construc-

Years passed but the project made no tion of the road. This contract was more

progress. China was anxious to build the favorable than those previously granted to

road entirely with her own resources, but foreigners for building railroads in China,

the attempt to raise the funds in China was The earlier roads had been built at the risk

at last given up about the end of 1896, and of the concessionaries without any guar-

the two viceroys who were promoting the antee from the Chinese government. The

road received authority to grant the con- Franco-Belgian syndicate, on the other

cession to a company of the **most favored hand, obtained not only the support of the

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758 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

Chinese imperial Railway Administration, The construction of the road was begun
but the official assistance of the authorities at both ends at the end of 1898 and the be-
at Peking, who issued a state loan of $22,- ginning of 1899. In 1899 quays and work-
500,000, guaranteed by the Chinese govern- shops were built and rolling stock and con-
ment and payable in 1929, in aid of tlie struction materials received. The northern
road. The syndicate had only to negotiate section of the road had been extended 114
these bonds to secure funds. In March, miles south of Peking when it was inter-
1899, this loan was issued simultaneously rupted in May, 1900, by the Boxer revolt
in Brussels and Paris and was immediately Most of the finished road was destroyed,
many times oversubscribed. many of the employes killed and the final
The first surveys and drawings for the completion of the road set back at least a
line had already been made by the southern year. Early in 1901 order was restored
viceroy while the negotiations were going through the military occupation of Peking
OH. The road for a short distance from by the Powers and work resumed. There
Hankow, its southern terminus, follows was no further interruption and the nor-
up the Yangtse river, and then traverses a -thern section of the road was steadily,
broad plain. A little less than 100 miles although slowly, pushed to completion. A
north it zigzags between steep hills with little more than half of the road was built
picturesque scenery. Beyond this in an- from the north. The two working parties
other plain it crosses two smaller levels met a little south of the Yellow river.

TYPICAL MASONRY BRIDGE PIER.

and then reaches the Yellow river (Hwan- On the southern end of the road 56 miles

gho), which it crosses on a bridge about of line was built in 1900, the year of the

9,875 feet, or nearly two miles, long. The Boxer trouble. In 1901 great damage was

entrance to this bridge from the south is done to the embankments at Hankow by

through a tunnel under a hill on which the flooding of the Yangtse river. As this

summit a temple is erected consecrated to is a usual summer happening, the slope

the divinity of the river. This temple and of the embankment of the road 6n the river

the southern entrance to the tunnel are side was protected with stone, a work

shown in one of the accompanying pho- which was finished at the beginning of 1902.

tographs. All bridges, of which there are At Hankow a quay 15,748 feet (about three

about 100 besides the Yellow river bridge, miles) long which can be used by deep

from 650 feet to 2,200 feet long, are steel draft vessels, was built along the river,

with concrete approaches. One of the steel The maintenance of this quay is costly as

bridges on masonry piers, as well as a the current continually gnaws at it and

view of one of the piers and the method undermines the foundations. Before the

of construction, is shown in the photo- end of 1901, notwithstanding the inunda-

graphs. There are only two tunnels, both tions, the road was opened 96 miles north

short, on the whole line. from Hankow. At first ^^^eeklv .service

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL, 759

in each direction was
begun but after the be-
ginning of 1902 there
were three trains a week
in each direction. Heavy
cutting was necessary
over the watershed be-
tween the Yangtse river
and the Yello"' River. In
1902 daily train service
was begun between Han-
kow and Sin Yang, 136
miles north. This sta-
tion is shown in one of
the photographs. On Jan-
uary 1, 1904, the road
was opened for 195 miles
north of Hankow. At
this point the road runs

into a hilly^. country with §

the steepest grades on j

the whole line. At the g

beginning of December, ^

1904, rails were laid g

from Hankow to the 2

Yellow river, 312 miles. ^c

o
The steel bridge across 5

the Yellow river, as al- u

ready mentioned, is near-
ly two miles long. It is o
205^ feet above high %
water level. A general w
view is shown in the g
photograph. The bridge ^
rests on screw pile piers. z
The piles were screwed ^
down into the bed of the
river by hand-capstans
manned by coolies. To
each pile was clamped a
large grooved pulley
around which was wound
a wire hawser. One end
was led to one of the
capstans and then the
coolies heaved away and
the work of screwing be-
gan. The rotary motion
with the corkscrew point
at the bottom of the
pile forced the pile down
in the mud till the pul-
ley was level with the
platform on which the

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760 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

workmen were standing. When the pul- even the ties were imported, 130,000 coming
ley reached this platform, another sec- from France, 60,000 from the Baltic coun-
tion of pile was bolted on, the pulley tries, a few from Oregon and the rest from
raised to the upper flanges, and the screw- Japan. The steel works of Hanyang near
ing resumed. When the piles had been Hankow, supplied about 175,000 tons of
screwed to a sufficient depth, say 40 to 50 rails, which were tested by the same tests
feet, the water was pumped out from the as those used by the Belgian government
inside and the pile filled with concrete, railroads. Seventy-five pound rails are
Wooden piles were then driven in a tri- used. At the close of 1905 there were in
angle around the up-stream side of the service 101 locomotives, 145 passenger
piers with the points to the currrent, as a cars (first, second and third class), and
protection. Huge beds of tree branches, 2,200 freight cars of from 15 to 40 tons
lashed together with wire were then sunk capacity. The passenger fares are about 9,
around the steel piers, and on these beds 6 and 3 cents per kilometer for the re-
many hundred tons of rock were thrown, spective classes. The syndicate which
This was to give more solidity to the river built the road has formed a mining com-
bed where the piers were driven. The river pany under the name of "Mines du Luhan,"
bed is one great quicksand and during the which holds the concession for development
construction of the bridge many piles and of several coal fields that will supply the
platforms supporting machinery were road with excellent fuel. Six^jjr miles of
sucked under. Stone breakwaters have short branches to coal mines have already
been built along the banks of the river to been built. The railroad was built by the -
prevent the undermining of the bridge Societe d'Etude de Chemins dc Fer en .
foundations and each end of the bridge is Chine. A supplementary issue of $2,500,000 •'-^
protected with stone-faced dykes. Half of bonds, under the same conditions as the
this bridge was built in France, the other original loan, was made in 1905 to meet
half in Belgium, the work being distributed the final expenses of constmiction and the
among the principal builders of the two purchase of rolling stock,
countries. For the accompanying photographs wc
The roadbed is well built and ballasted ; are indebted to the Far Eastern Review to
the track, standard gauge. Most of the ma- which and to Le Mouvement Geographique,
terial for the roadbed, as well as the rolling among other sources, we owe information
stock, was imported from Belgium and in regard to the road.— By permission The
France. As there is little timber in China, Railroad Gazette,

The Story Of A Waitress.

|COMMENCED as a waitress we were broken up. My doctor advised

when I was about 22 years old ; me to leave Boston, because he said other-

before that I was a milliner up wise I would be melancholy. So then we

in the North. I started in a came to New York, my husband and I.

private boarding house for $3.50 a week, and that was five years ago.
I had there fifteen hours a day, from six For about a year I did nothing, but at

in the morning until nine at night. And the end of that time I found work in one

besides waiting I had to launder all the of the big restaurants. They have three

linen for the dining room. shifts there; a half-time one, from 10:30

I worked in other places, and then mar- in the morning to 3 in the afternoon, and

ried and gave up work for five years But one from 11.30 in the morning to 7 in the

my husband fell sick, then his partner rob- evening. And then there is what they call

bed him, the children died, and altogether the 12:00 watch. I was one of those that

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RAILROAD TRAIX MEN'S JOURXAL. 761

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762 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

stopped at 7 :30. Take it on the whole that No time is allowed them to sit down and
is one of the best places in the city for a rest and they only have fifteen minutes for
girl to work. But there are a number of their meals. They are fined for breakage
ijnpositions. One was that we were com- and all fines imposed in the other restau-
pelled to buy from the management three rants are imposed here, so that during the
white waists at a high cost, sometimes 90 six weeks I workpd there I did not draw
cents each, when we could have bought the one full week's pay. They have fans there
material and made these same waists, all — big electric fans. The butter is cut into
three of them, for about 90 cents, not a bit big blocks and a big lump of ice is put on
more than 30 cents apiece. Then the laun- each lump of butter. The fans melt the ice
dry bills were "fierce.*' The waists, the fast, and if a girl doesn't watch, the water
three of them, cost 45 cents; three aprons, from the ice will overflow the plates. Then
30 cents, and the sashes 24 cents, so every there is a fine of 25 cents. I had been get-
week the laundry bills came to a dollar all ting more and more angry all the time on
but a cent. Another thing in that place account of the conditions, and when my
was the way they charged us for breakage, envelope came to me on Saturday with 85
This was fixed by the head waitress and cents deducted for fines, I objected and
we never could tell how she made up her went to the manager. Usually it wasn't
mind which girl broke which dish. The any good talking, and another girl wouldn't
charge was always too great. A dish which have dared, but I could afford to be
you could get for 5 cents or 10 cents would independent and I intended to leave, so I
be charged at 25 cents or more; and there fought with the manager for an hour, and
was no appeal. I was there for two years at last I got my full week's pay, but I left
and then I quit because they charged me the place. A girl can't make a fuss and
for breakage which was not mine. But keep her place, that is, she can't do it alone,
taken on the whole that was a very much After that for a time I took a rest, but got
better place than others. The food was very tired of doing nothing, so I went back
good, the girls were treated well, and were to work again. This time to a large
allowed time to sit down during the day. restaurant in a department store. There
We were allowed to go downstairs and sit are 150 waitresses there who get $3.00 per
down for half an hour, something which week for working from 10:30 to 3 o'clock
was a great consideration to a girl who or $4 a week for working from 7:30 to
had been steady on her feet for three or 5:30 o'clock. I took the long day and the
four hours. We had fifteen minutes for four dollars. The managers tell the wait-
breakfast and half an hour for lunch, while resses that this is a good place for tips,
we took our supper in our own time. but that isn't so any more. They used to
My next place was in Park Row, long serve dinner for 39 cents, now it costs 44
hours and heavy work. The pay was $4.00 cents. When it cost 39 cents a customer
for half time, and $7.00 a week for full would give the girl 50 cents and tell her to
time. Full time they said was from seven keep the change. Now if she gets a tip at
to seven o'clock, but we began at 6:45, be- all it's only the odd penny from 44 cents,
cause that particular place opens up with as the customer feels that she is paying
religious service. The manager reads a quite enough for her dinner. All the fines
couple of psalms and makes a long prayer, that I have told you about before are im-
The walls of the place are covered with posed in this place, and the food given to
texts and practical suggestions. the waitresses is unfit for any human being
"In God We Trust." to eat. It is what has been left over after
"Pork and Beans Ten Cents.'* the customers, the cooks, the dishwashers
"Love Thy Neighbor as Thyself." and all others except the waitresses have
"Watch Your Overcoat and Hat." been served. Sometimes it is many days
A waitress who misses this prayer is old and mouldy. I have seen things done
fined 25 cents. There is a marble floor with that food that made me feel it was
there and walking about on that marble something good to leave alone — for in-
floor for twelve hours is hard on the girls, stance, I have seen the dishwashers kelp

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 763

themselves from one of the left-over plates, a strong union can have their way the
take a bite, throw the food back on the waiting business will be put on a sound
plate, and then that same food served to and respectable basis with tips abolished,
the waitresses. Often the food that is The reason that our wages are now so low
served up is spoiled and in a condition for such long hours is that we are sup-
which makes it dangerous to health. The posed to receive so much in tips; in most
waitresses have the choice of three things cases this is not true. In any case the tip
— they can eat what there is, they can is degrading. When I accept a tip I feel
starve or they can steal. Some do one that I am not the equal of the person who
thing, some another. It's pretty hard to go gives it to me. It's a bad thing. I'd never
all day long carrying gopd food with the do it if I could live without it. I often
smell of it always in your face, and you want to fling it back in the face of a cus-
not to touch any. One day when I could tomer who has insulted me before he gave
not eat any meat I went in the kitchen and it. We are hard-working, we earn our liv-
asked for French fried potatoes, and the ing, and we would like to be self-respect-
cook took my number and complained to ing.

the manager that boiled potatoes were not There is a good union in Seattle where

good enough for me. The manager prompt- ^^ girlg get good wages and three good

ly took up the case and laid down to me meals and work from 7 in the morning un-

the law— the law of that store— I don't ^\i 2 in the afternoon. It is the same in

know any other law observed there. An- Lqs Angeles, Spokane, and pretty nearly as

other grievance which the girls have is in gooj j^ st. Louis, but in San Francisco it

regard to the treatment. They are quite jg better than anywhere else ; the employers

often sworn at. If a girl breaks a dish she are all as well satisfied as the girls. The

is sworn at, if she breaks three dishes she union has an employment agency to which

is discharged. all of the restaurant keepers apply for girls.
A year or two ago, I would have thought jj^jg jg ^i,^ agreement between employers

that this place where I am now was the ^^^ employes which is actually in use in

worst possible, but the agitation which has ^^^ Francisco :

been stirred up by reason of the effort to _. ^ _ , ^ , ,

. «T \r 1 . ' £ First Employer means to emplov only

organize m New York a strong union of . • . * j- • nf •/

. « . .t- xt- waitresses in good standing in Waitresses

waitresses has shown me that there are __ . _ . ^_ .^ '^^ ,

, , «• .. T r\ Union Local No. 48, except when at any

others far worse oft than I am. One sys- . , . ' , ^ , . ,

- , . • ^L- •. • J J*' time the union is unable to furnish a wait-

tem of restaurants in this city in addition , . , . •

-..,., ^ I f J ress, when the employer may hire any corn-

to working its girls twelve hours a day, ^ ' . ..../. «.

. , , ^, , - ^, . r 4.U petent waitress; provided that such a wait-
deducts $1 a week from their pay for the ^ , f .. . . u

^ ^ , .i^ij^Lx •«. ress makes application to become a member

first seven weeks and holds that against . . ... .^'^ , tt • t 1 xt jo

, . X -x .1. 1 -^u ^ • • o» the Waitresses Union Local No. 48,

them, so that if they leave without giving ... t t. -

, , ^. *. £ J *!. 4. I '« within one week after engagement,

a weeks notice they are fined that weeks

pay. Nevertheless the management doesn't Second. All waitresses are to be en-
give the girls any week's notice when it gaged through the office of Waitresses'
concludes to dispense with their services. Union, Local No. 48. as the union cannot
Of course this place also has all the usual assume the responsibility for any one en-
fines and some of its own. «aged outside its office.

Some of the restaurants where girls are Third. Six days shall constitute a week's

now employed are altogether unfit places work; each and every waitress shall have

for them morallv. at least twenty-four (24) hours "consecu-

The question is sometimes asked, ''Why tive" off each week,
don't waitresses go into domestic service?" Fourth. During any convention or other

Well, the waitresses are a pretty independ- special occasion resulting in the arrival of

ent lot. They want their evenings and a large number of visitors to the city, when

they want their Sundays. So far as I am more than the usual number of employes

concerned I'd sooner starve. are required, a regular must substitute for

. If those who are attempting to organize herself on the seventh day of the week and

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764 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 765

shall be compensated therefor at the " rate remain the property of said board and may
of **time and one half." be removed at any time by a duly author-
Fifth. Relief waitresses (seventh day ized representative, who shall have the
waitresses) shall receive the same wages right to enter the premises of the proprie-
as the waitresses that they relieve, except tor for that purpose.

in cases where permanent relief waitresses 7^^ minimum wage scale shall be as

are employed at a fixed salary. follows:

Sixth. If a waitress is required to work ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^.^^.^ ^^ ^^^^^

overtime, by request of the employer or ^^^j^j^ $10.00.

the failure of another .waitress to relieve ^r- \ . .,...,

her at the expiration of her watch, the ^me hours on duty withm 14 hours (per

wages, for overtime shall be paid by the ^^^ ^* ?y.i>0.

one causing the extra labor. Steady waitresses, per week, night work.

Seventh. All overtime to be paid for at $11-00.

the rate of "time and one-half." Any waitress working after 10 p. m.

Eighth. All wages shall be paid weekly, must receive the night scale, $11.00.

Ninth. No waitress shall suffer a re- Lunch waitress, 3 hours or less, 86 cents,

duction of wages or an increase in hours of Dinner waitress, 3 hours or less, 85 cents,

labor on account of this agreement. Steady lunch and dinner waitress 5

Tenth. The duly authorized representa- hours or less within 10 hours, 6 days per

tive of this union shall have the right to week,- $7.00.

enter the premises of the employer to in- Extra full time, per day, $2.00.

testigate the waitresses employed, and see Extra time, 1 hour or less, 35 cents,

if they wear the "monthly working button.** For all special occasions, such as holi-

Eleventh. A waitress working ten hours days and conventions, per day of ten hours

a day should give the employer ten hours' with two half hours off for meals, $3.00.

notice; nine hours per day, nine hours' For banquets, parties and weddings, to

notice; six hours' per day, six hours* serve only four (4) hours or less, $2.25.

notice; and a lunch girl should give three To set up and serve 5 hours, $2.75.

hours' notice, before she quits; if not, she To set up, serve and clear off, 6 hours,

will be fined $2.50 by the union. $3.00.

Twelfth. Restaurants or hotels desir- Special uniform, white, extra, 50 cents,

ing to obtain the "Union House Card" may All overtime for restaurants, 35 cents

procure the same from the "Local Joint for one hour or less.

Executive Board of Hotel and Restaurant Sunday lunch or dinner, 3 hours or less.

Employes." the "Union House Card" to %\:2b.^S elected.

World's Exclusion Laws.

|0R some time the attitude of the world; and while it is not stated as true,

Califomians toward Mongolian the inference drawn is that they are the

immigration has been the sub- first to discriminate against the yellow race,

ject of much unfriendly com- What are the facts? The casual reader

ment. The campaign of adverse criticism of British colonial history will find that

and denunciation, which at last found such measures restricting Chinese immigration

full and frank support in the President's were enacted by certain of the Australian

message, may easily have led many to con- states long before the agitation began in

elude that our fellow citizens on the Pacific California. As early as 1855 an act was

Coast are of baser metal than ourselves passed by the state of Victoria imposing a

and other portions of the Anglo-Saxon tax of £10 on each immigrant jmd limiting

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766 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the number that could be brought to one- New Zealand to strengthen the Natal Act
tenth of the tonnage of the vessel on which by providing for changes in the form of ap-

they were transported. In recent years plication, the writing of fifty words in Eng-
Chinese immigration has been prohibited lish and **a writing in any European lan-
in Australia, New Zealand and Canada by guage."

the imposition of a tax of £100 on each The advent of the federal government in
Chinaman landing in these colonies. Australia made it possible to, pass legisla-
It is said that this law is more thoroughly tion of a more general character. The
cflfective in Canada than our own Exclusion question of immigration was considered
Act, recently modified somewhat through soon after the organization of the first par-
the Chinese boycott. John Chinaman has liament. A bill was passed modeled after
no navy to speak of and his big army is the Natal Act, but requiring a test of fifty
still in the making, but for all that he has words written in any European language
discovered that he possesses a powerful required by the Customs officials. Among
weapon in the boycott, which reaches a vul- the excluded classes, in the language of the
nerable and extremely tender spot in the act, is "any person who, when asked to do
pockets of our commercial barons. so by an officer, fails to write out at die-
Restrictive legislation, along the lines in- tation and sign in the presence of the offi-
dicated, practically came to an end in the cer a passage of fifty words in length in
year 1896, except in Canada, partly, as we any European language dictated by the
are told, because the Exclusion laws were ofiicer. A special clause prohibits under
satisfactorily effective and partly because heavy penalties, the introduction of contract
"other Asiatics began to enter the colonies labor.

in sufficient numbers to excite dislike and An increase of Japanese immigration was
uneasiness." From this date forward, leg- noticed at the ports of British Columbia
islation and agitation have been directed about the year 1897, and steps were taken
against "the other Asiatics*' as well as the by the local government to devise restric-
Chinese. tive measures. The number of arrivals in-
In 1897 the Natal Restriction Act was creased from 691 in 1897 to 9,033 in 1899.
passed. Its object was "to check the flow In the meantime an act had been passed by
of coolies from British India." It accom- the Parliament of British Columbia pro-
plishes this by excluding the following hibiting the employment of Japanese on
classes without reference to nationality: certain works and designed to check fur-
(a) Any person who, when asked, fails to ther immigration. The measure was for-
write in some European language an appli- warded to the British government and
cation for admission to the colonies; (b) Joseph Chamberlain, Secretary of State for
. a pauper or person likely to become a pub- the Colonies, refused the royal assent in a
lie charge; (c) an* idiot or lunatic; (d) diplomatic communication containing the
any person suffering from a loathsome and following significant language:
dangerous disease; (e) any one who has "Her Majesty's government fully appre-
within two years before been convicted of ciate the motives which have induced the
a serious non-political offense. government and legislature of British Co-
The act imposes on masters of vessels a lumbia to pass the legislation under con-
penalty of one hundred pounds for each im- sideration, and recognize the importance of
migrant brought into the country. guarding against the possibility of the white
It will be noted that the first clause is labor in the province being swamped by
the only one specially designed to apply to the wholesale immigration of persons of
all Orientals without specifically naming Asiatic origin. They desire also to ac-
them. The weak point of the law was the knowledge the friendly spirit in which the
use of the same form for all applications, representations they have felt compelled to
which made it possible for uneducated Ori- make have been received by the govern-
cntals to fill perfunctorily the blanks in the ment of British Columbia, and regret that
application. The fear that this would be after carefully considering the minutes of
done Jed §onie of the Australian states and the executive council they feel unable to

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 767

withdraw the objections they have urged Mikado objects, but their exclusive nomi-

to the legislation in question. nation, which specifically stamps the whole

"There is no difference between Her nation as undesirable persons.
Majesty's government and the government "The exclusion of Japanese subjects
of British Columbia as regards the objects either from the Province or from employ-
aimed at by these laws, namely, to ensure ment on public or quasi-public works in the
that the Pacific province of the Dominion Province by the operation of an education
shall be occupied by a large and thoroughly test, such as is embodied in the Natal Im-
British population rather than by one in migration law, is not a measure to which
which the number of aliens largely pre- the government of Japan can take excep-
dominates, and many of the distinctive fea- tion."

TEXAS LEGISLATIVE BOARD.
Jos. S. Meyers, B. L. E.. StatlsHcUn. H. C Wagner, B. R. T , Secretary.

C. F. Goodrich, O. R. C, Vice Chrm.. Walton Peteet. A. F. of L., Chrm.. C. D. Johnaon, B. L. E.. Treasurer.

tures of a settled British community afe In all his dispatches on the delicate ques-
lacking. tion, Mr. Chamberlain was most adroit,
"The ground of the objection entertained avoiding antagonisms, secretly expressing
by Her Majesty's government is that the sympathy with the colonies, suggesting re-
methods employed by the British Columbia striction on the basis of the Natal Act and
legislature for securing this object, while at the same time safeguarding the national
admittedly only partial and ineffective, are pride of Her Majesty's ally in the Orient
such as to give legitimate offense. to a who was even then preparing for the big
power with which Her Majesty is, and event that is now a matter of history. Hats
earnestly desires to remain, on friendly off to the diplomacy of Mother England!
terms. It is not the practical exclusion of With one hand she deftly turned back the
Japanese to which the government of the tide of Mongolian immigration from her

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liiS RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

colonies and with the other patted her ally not the only nation that finds inherent

on the shoulder and inspired him suddenly difficulties in discharging its obligations to

to smite at a most vulnerable point, Russia, other powers and constituent states or colo-

her traditional foe, whom she has feared nies England has certainly experienced like .

secretly and hated right royally. Without difficulties which she has approached in a

the firing of a gun she saw the army of conciliatory spirit with an eye single to the

her enemy overwhelmed and his fleet welfare of her most distant subjects. There

smashed in the waters of the Orient. has been no disposition to enforce the Im-

Promptly after the veto of the British perial will against her colonics in the inter-
Columbian Act the British government en- est of any foreign power. There has been
tered into negotiations with Japan and no threat to use the army and the navy to
through an "understanding" secured what impose upon them an unwelcome race. If.
the colonists had sought in legislation. The as claimed, our present attitude is "incon-.
desired restriction came by way of Tokio. gruous" or "ludicrous," it may be due to

Under date of August 2, 1900, the Jap- ^"«* ^""^^^"^ ""^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ *^^^ *^ ^"'

anese Minister of Foreign Affairs, Viscount P^^"^*^^ system of government.

Aoki-mark the name-sent a dispatch to ^he results of the recent experiment with

the governors of the prefectures of Japan ^^^"^^^ ^^^' ""^<^^ ^"^'^^ regulation m

directing that until further notice the emi- ^omh Afnca ought to be a subject of sen-

gration of Japanese laborers to the Domin- ^"^ consideration to the most enthusiastic

ion of Canada be prohibited. ^^^'^^^^^ °^ Mongolian immigration. The

. , , , ^ ,. moral chaos brought about bv the employ-

A commission appointed by the Canadian ^ r r-u- v • ^u ^-^ ^£ ♦u

.*^. , * ment of Chinese coolies in the mines of the

government to investigate the entire sub- j^ansvaal, was the occasion of an investi-

^''!.no r'^ ! ^T""'^ immigration, ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^.^.^^ government, and the

in 1902 submitted an exhaustive report cov- ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^ character that it was

ering 430 printed pages. In conclusion the ^^^,^^^j ^^ ^^ unprintable. "The repatria-

commissioners say, among other things, m ^.^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^,j^^ ^j„ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^,^

regard to Japanese immigration: continuously until they are all sent back."

"Your commissioners fully appreciate the in conclusion, it is evident that the op-
action taken by the government of Japan on position of our fellow citizens on the Pacific
August 2, 1900, whereby the governors of Coast to the coming of the Chinese and the
the prefectures of Japan were instructed to Japanese is simply in a modified form what
prohibit entirely for the time being the emi- has occurred wherever and whenever the
gration of Japanese laborers for the Do- Mongolian has been brought into actual
minion of Canada. . . .Nothing further contact with the Anglo-Saxon. The ques-
is needed to settle this most difficult ques- tion of race superiority may be waived ; the
tion upon a firm basis than the assurance question of race difference, in spite of the
that the action already taken by the govern- theories of sentimental dreamers will re-
ment of Japan will not be revoked. . . . main. Our brethren beyond the Rocky
Should, however, a change of policy be Mountains, in blood and spirit, are thor-
adopted in this regard by the Japanese oughly American. They are doing what
government whereby Japanese laborers ^^ would do under like circumstances. It
may again be permitted to emigrate to Can- ^ill be most fortunate if the widespread
ada, the welfare of the province of British interest aroused by the protest of the Jap-
Columbia imperatively demands that effect- anese government shall lead to results
ive measures be adopted to take the place already foreshadowed in dispatches from
of the inhibition now imposed by the Jap- Washington— a permanent "understanding'
anese government." that, without offending the pride of the

In this connection it may be pertiment to Japanese, will effectually turn back the tide

observe that with our complex dual system of their immigration from our shores. For-

of government, according to a recent writer, tunately the distinguished Japanese states-

a "conglomeration of sovereignties that in- man. Viscount Aoki, is now in Washington,

sists upon calling itself sovereign," we arc Perhaps h? may render a service as satis-

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RAILROAD TRAIMMEK*S JOURXAL leS

factory to California as his former act was light, he will find some sage advice from

pleasing to British Columbians. one of the greatest Anglo-Saxon friends ol

Learned and cultured representatives of his race, Herbert Spencer, whose letter on

the Orient, after they have ceased to be this subject has recently been published in

marvels and curiosities, will doubtless con- the country. In spite of the theories of the

tinue to be welcome in our midst. The savants, yellow and white, however, the

scholarly Kawakami, in a recent issue of fact is gradually becoming patent that the

the Independent, assures us that "the Jap- masses of the United States and Japan will

anese are good enough to mix with the be much better off with the Pacific Ocean

Americans." On the subject of "mixing," between them. — C. B. Galbreath- in the

which he seems to view with Oriental de- Arena.

The Last Of The Old Guard.

NEVER found it very hard to "Lynch's record, in this office,' is clear,"
get into trouble ; as far back as the superintendent ^as saying of the opera-
I can remember, that has come tor, who was doing us as smooth as smoke-
easy for me. When this hap- less powder; "he has never, to my knowl-
pened I hadn't been railroading a month, ledge, lied in an investigation, but Car-
and I was up on the "carpet" with my man," continued the, superintendent, speak-
conductor, sweating from sheer grogginess ing bluntly to my conductor, "you've never
and excitement. told a -straight story about that Longmont

The job of head brakeman on a moun- switching matter yet. This man is a new
tain division is no great stake for a man man," he added, throwing a hard look at
ordinarily, but it was one for me just then, me; "ordinarily, I'd be inclined to take the
and we knew when we went into the word of two men against one, but I don't
Superintendent's office that somebody was know one at all, and the other has done
to get fired; the only question was, Who? me once. I can't see anything for it but
The train crew or the operator? Our en- to take Lynch's word and let you fellows
gine crew was out of it; it was up to the both out. There wasn't any wreck, but
conductor and me. Had the operator dis- that's not your fault for a minute."
played red signals? The conductor said "Mr. Wright," I protested, speaking up
"No,'^ I said "No;" the operator said to the division boss in a funk, the prospect
"Yes," but he lied. We couldn't prove it; of losing my job that way, through a lying
we could only put our word against his, operator, took the heart clean out of me;
and what made it worse for me, my con- "you don't know me, it is true, but I pledge
ductor was something of a liar himself. you my word of honor "

I stood beading with a cold sweat, for I "What do I know about your word of
could see it was going against us; the su- honor," asked the superintendent, cutting
perintendent, an up to date railroad man, into me like a hatchet; "I don't know any
every inch, and all business, but suspicious, more about your word of honor than I do
was leaning the operator's way the strong- about you."
est kind. What could I say? There were men

There wasn't another soul in the little who did know me, but they were a long
room, as the three of us stood before the way from me then.

superintendent's desk, except a passenger I glanced about me, from his face, as
conductor who sat behind us, with his feet gray as the fog that enveloped the yard,
on the window ledge, looking out into the to Carman, shuffling on the carpet ; then
yard. to Lynch, as steady as a suce^sful liar.

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?ro RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

taking my job and my reputation at one It was a queer deal then, on the whole

gulp; then to the tall passenger conductor, division those days; it was a case of wide

but he was looking out of the window. open from end to end. Everybody on the

"What do I know about your word of line was giving the company the worst of

honor/' repeated the superintendent; "Car- it — from directors to car tinks. Piie scr-

man, take your man and get your time." tion hands hooked the ties from the main-

A wave of helpless rage swept over me. tenance; the painters drank the alcohol

The only thing I could think of was Strang- for the shellac ; the purchasing agent had

ling the lying operator in the hall — then more fast horses than we had locomotives

someone spoke. and what made it hard for the conductors,

"Show your papers, you fool.*' the auditors stole what little money the

It came as calm as sunshine and cold as boys did turn in.

a northwester, from the passenger conduc- A hard place to begin railroading, then,

tor behind me, but it pulled me into line the old line, but that's where I had to

like a bugle call. I felt my English all at tackle the game, and in all the hard crowd

once. Everybody heard him and looked I mixed with, Frank Denman was the only

my way; again it was up to me, and this big man on the division,

time I was ready for the superintendent, There were others who fixed the thing

I had forgot all about my papers, until and turning in percentages to make their

the dark passenger conductor spoke; I put reports look right, but Frank Denman was

my hand in the bosom of my shirt for a never a conspirator; he never made a

piece of oilskin — it was all I had left — and confidant of any man in his stealings or

laid it on the superintendent's table; un- his spendings and despised their figuring,

folded it jealously, and took out a medal He did as he pleased and cared for no

and a letter that in spite of the carefullest one; no superior had any terror for Frank,

of wrapping was creased and sweated, but He had a wife somewhere back in the

the letter was from my Captain, and the mountains, they said, that had sold him.

bit of bronze was the cross. out, that's why he lived among free and

"Have you been in the army ?" he asked easy men a lonely life. If any one ever

curtly. got close to him, I think maybe I did. I

"Yes, sir." had just been made a freight conductor

He scowled a minute over Roosevelt's when the lightning struck the division,

scrawl, then laid it down and picked up It came with a clean sweep through the

the bit of bronze. general offices over the river Everybody

"Where did you get this ?" he asked. in the auditing department ; the executive

"At San Juan, sir," I replied. heads down to general manager, and a

The grim old passenger conductor kept whole raft of conductors. It was a shake

looking out of the window. out from top to bottom, and the bloods

"What are you doing here?" on our division went white and sickly very

"Came to learn the railroad business;" fast,

his brows went easy like. Of course, it was somebody's gain. When

"You say you had your head out of the the heads of our passenger conductors be-

cab window and saw the white signal?" gan to drop, they began to set up the

"I saw the white signal." freight men. Beach had resigned in the

The superintendent looked at Lsmch. early part of the year, and Davis, his as-

" We'll adjourn this thing," said he, "at sistant, an ex-conductor, and as big a

least until I look into it a little further; thief as there was on the pay roll, let the

for the present, go back to your runs." men out right and left with the sole idea

We never heard any more of it. Carman of saving his own scalp,

got out of the office in a hurry. I stopped By the time I was put up to a passen-

to pick up my stuff and to thank the pas- ger train, the old force was pretty much

senger conductor, but Frank Denman had cleared out except Denman; every day we

gone. looked to see him go. S^s^^Of^^Q^y^f^^c^i

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 771

him because he was a master railroad man, a curse, whirled as a storm. "Why should

and everybody was apprehensive about his I resign? Resign?" He rose from his

future but Frank himself. chair. "You know I'm a thief; you're one

I never knew until later that Davis, with yourself; you helped to make me one; Fve

all his bluff and bluster, was enough afraid done more thieving work for you, than for

of Denman, to let him alone. The matter, any one else on the division ; I don*t resign

though focussed up one day in the old for anybody; discharge me, damn you, dis-

office in an unexpected way. Davis' seat charge me, I don't ask any odds of you."

got so hot, that bedeviled by his fears of "Davis met it sullenly, yet he didn't dare

losing it, and afraid to discharge Frank, do anything. He knew that Frank could

he cowered; called him to his office — ^then ruin Tiim any day he chose to open his

asked him to resign. mouth; what he did not know was that

In all the storm that raged on the di- Frank Denman was moulded in a class of

M. & O. WRECK AT WHISTLER, ALABAMA.

Englneor of passenger train was struck by a nnail crane and so badly Injured he could not control his
engine which ran Into a freight engine and wrecked the passenger train.

vision, the old conductor remained calm, men, different from his own; even dis-
He was through it all, the shining mark; honor was safe in his hands,
the dare devil target; yet he bore a There was no change after that, except
charmed life and survived every last asso- that Frank, darker, moodier, lonelier than
ciate. ever, moved along on his runs, the last of

When Davis asked him for his resigna- the old guard. So he rode, grim old priva-
tion, Frank, bitter angry, faced him with teer with his letters of marque on the corn-
black words in his throat. pany's strong box, and Davis trembled

"It's come to a showdown, Frank," mut- night and day, till at last that day came
tered the assistant after a minute's talking, that fear had foretold to him; a clap of
"do you want to resign ?" thunder struck the old office and Davis'

Frank eyed the river coldly, "No." head fell low; Frank Denman sailed boldly

"You'll have to — " on.

"Have to? Who says so?" Frank with I was extra passenger man ^e»/^QBp

772 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Prussell came to us. He came from the **You don't understand me yet, Frank, I

west, and we heard great things about the want you to give up your run ; I want your

new superintendent and what would hap- friend Kramer to take it — '*

pen when he got into the saddle. A queer shadow went over Frank's face.

For three months he sat in the saddle When Prussell began, he was getting a
without a word or act to show that he was thunderstorm on, somehow the way it
thinking, then there came from the little ended; the way it was coming about — put-
room, an order that swept from right to ting me in his place — I, the only boy on
left; from trainmaster to wrecking boss; the division that he cared a rap about; it
the last one of the old guard went — except struck him as it struck me, all in a heap.
Frank Denman. He couldn't say a word; his eyes went

The day the order was bulletined, he out of the window into the mountains;

sent for Frank; sent word by me that he something in it looked like fate; for my

wanted to see him. part I felt murder guilty.

"Come on," said Frank, when I handed "What I want you to do, Frank," added

him the message. Prussell evenly, **is to come into the office

"What do you want me for?" I asked. here with me, and look after the train

"Come on," he repeated, and greatly crews; just at present I have got to lean

against my inclination, I went up into the considerably on a trainmaster; do you want

office with him; I looked for a scene. the job?"

"Frank, you've been running here a long The silent conductor turned to stone,

while, haven't you?" Prussell began. "The men who own the road are new

"About nineteen years," he answered. men, Frank; they didn't steal it. They

"There's been some lively shakeouts on bought it and paid for it. They want a

the system lately, hasn't there?" new deal and they propose to give a new

Frank looked at him coldly. deal to the men. They will pay salaries

"I'm trying to shape things here for a that a man can live honestly on; they will

new deal." recognize no excuse for knocking down;

"Don't let me stand in your way," they want what is cominfe to them, and they

blurted Frank. propose the men shall have their share of

"That's what I wanted to see you about." it in the pay checks.

"It needn't take long," he growled. "But there's more than that in it. They

"Then I'll tell you what I want — " want to build up the operating force as

"I don't resign; you can discharge me fast as it can be built, from the men in the

any minute." ranks; I aim to start on this division; if

"I wouldn't ask any man to resign, if I you're with me, hang up your coat here the

wanted to discharge him, don't make a first of the month and take the train

mistake like that. I suppose you will ad- crews."

mit there is room for improvement in the Prussell granted him a week to think the
nmning of this division?" matter over, and Frank left the office grog-
Frank never twitched. gy ; he couldn't seem to focus on the situ-

"A whole lot of improvement," Prussell ation.

added with perceptible emphasis. The news became noised about; became

It came from the new superintendent as known that Frank, admittedly the brainiest

a sort of gauntlet and Frank picked it up. of the old guard, and most capable, had

"I guess that's right enough," he replied been singled out for promotion,

candidly, "there's room for a whole lot of When they met again in the middle of

improvement, and if I sat where you do, the week, it was with a greater feeling of

I'd fire every man that stood in the way cordiality. "I'm not sitting in judgment

of it, too." on what was done last year," Prussell said

"That's why I've sent for you," Prussell plainly, "it's what is done this year and the

resumed. next, that will count in this office."

"Then drop this useless talk, and give And the conductors, thinking there was a

me my time." chance; believing that Jt^^rtiey^r-v^^/J^^'*'

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

773

work right, there was a chance for promo-
tion, began to carry their lanterns as if
they had more important business, than
holding up stray fares.

Meanwhile, Frank hung on to his old
run. Somehow it seemed as if it had grown
a part of him and he couldn't give it up.

When he told Prussell at the end of the
week that he would like to have another
week to make his decision, the superintend-
ent waived it to him.

He didnt seem to take the humor the
way one would expect. Always silent, he

We sat for half an hour, alone and un-
disturbed, but he wouldn't talk.

We made Crawling Stone after midnight,
and I was still sitting alone in the open
stateroom, when I saw Frank's green
hooded lamp coming down the darkened
aisle; he walked in; put his lamp on the
floor; sat down and threw his feet on the
cushions. He had a heavy train and the
wind was high.

"How's Allan tonight?" he asked, lean-
ing back as if he hadn't seen me before, in
his old teasing way.

THF FIRST IN 38 YEARS.

Wreck at Brodhead's Bridge. N«w York, on the Ulster and Delaware. This road has been in operation for thirty-
eight years and this was the first wreck it ever had. Through coal train ran into rear of
local freight as latter was leaving the station.

grew more than that; sombre and dejected;
we never saw a smile on his face.

Everybody began to make a great deal of
Frank ; some of the boys called him train-
master and told him to give up his punch
to me.

However, before the thing had focussed
up as the new superintendent expected, I
was ordered south to bring in a Shriners*
Special, and I rode out on Frank's train.
The sleepers were fairly well filled, all ex-
cept the last one and when Frank had
worked his train and walked into the state-
room to sort his collections, I followed
him.

He played light heart some times, but it
was easy seeing, that night, it was more
than played; it seemed so unnatural.

"All right," I returned, "how's Frank?"
He pulled the window shade and looked
out. There was a moon and the night was
bright, only windy.

"What are you going to do with Prus-
sell's offer, Frank?" I asked.

"Do you want my punch, Allan?"

"You know better than that, don't you?"
I replied.

"I guess so."

"You're blue tonight, what's the mat-
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774 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ter?" I asked. He shifted, and it wasn't a man was bending over me with a lan-

quitc like him to shift tern in his hand; it was the porter.

"Fm going to quit the road." "What's wrong?" I exclaimed.

•'Quit? What do you mean? YouVe "There's trouble up ahead, Mr. Kramer,"

not going to throw over this trainmaster he exclaimed hqskily.

offer?" I sprang to my feet.

"What's the use," he went on slowly, "Have you got your pistol ?" he stuttered,

"how can I take charge of conductors^ talk Through the long train I ran without

to conductors? How can I discharge a meeting a living soul, but the silence was

conductor for stealing when he knows I'm ominous. When I caaght a glimpse of the

a thief myself? They know it; Prussell inside of the chair car, I saw the ferment,

knows it; there's no place among men for Women were screaming and praying and

a thief." men were burrowing under the footrests.

"Frank, you take it too hard. Every- "They've killed everyone in the smoker,"
thing ran wide open here; you're the best shouted a traveling man, grabbing me.
railroad man on this division; everybody "Damn it, make way won't you?" I ex-
old and new admits that." claimed, pushing my way through the mob.

"I ought to be a railroad man." he sighed, ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^

"I held down a division on the Southern ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^

when I was thirty-seven years old. I was p^„.^ Passengers from the smoker were

trainmaster at thirty; Im forty-nme now .^^^^^ j^^^ ^^^^^ ,j^^ ^^^^^^^, j ^^^

and a thief. The woman that ditched me is ^^ ^j,^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^

dead; the man she ran away with is dead; ^^^^^^^ ^^ .^^^ '^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^

my baby is dead long ago. t . *u •* n tu

He was looking out as he spoke, at the ^ ^^^"^ ^ K^* ^^^'^> '^ ^^^ ^" o^^^- ^he

mountains ashen in the moonlight. In the ^^^"^ ^"^P^ ^<^^^ ^"* ^"<^ the car was

car the passengers were hard asleep, and ^"^^^^"8^ ^^"»^^- ^ cattleman hung pitched

we heard only the slew of the straining downward, head and arms over the front

flanges, and' the muffled beat of the heavy '^f' I" ^^^ !^''^'^^^ o^ ^^^ ^^r, Morris

truck under us Wyker, crouching in the aisle, held in his

"There's no law on earth, that will pre- ^^"^^^ ^rank Denman. At the dark front

vent a man leaving the track once in a «"d ^^ ^^^ 5^^^^^ ^ ^aw the outline of a

while," I argued, "and there's none that "^^" sprawled on his face in the aisle; the

will keep him from righting his trucks "^^^ agent crawled out from under a seat,

when the chance is offered. I say a man's It must have been terribly short and hor-

bound to do it. If you won't do it here, riWy sharp.

choose your place and I'll go with you. They had flagged the train east of Mount

This is a big country, Frank, hang it, I'll Pilot. Two men had boarded the train at

go anywhere ; you're my partner, aren't the front end of the smoker and one at the

you?" rear. But the two at the front opened the

He bent to pick up his lantern. "Allan, smoker door, just as Frank was hurrying

you're a great boy," he said. forward to investigate the stop. He was

"Well, I mean it," I added. no man to ask questions; he saw their

He looked at his watch; I pulled mine; masks and covered them instantly. Frank

it was one o'clock. at any time and anywhere was a deadly

"Better go to sleep, Allan," he said as he shot, and without a word he opened fire on

arose. I looked into his face as he spoke, the forward robber. A game cattleman

"Go to sleep." He smiled ; pulled down his back of him cut into the game and was the

visor and walked slowly forward. first to go down wounded. But the train

I threw myself on the couch and drew boy said Denman had dropped the two

my cap over my eyes. head men almost immediately after the

The first thing I knew, I felt a hand on firing had began and stood free handed

my shoulder; then I realized I had been when the man from the rear platform put

asleep and that the train was standing still ; a Winchester against his back. Even then,

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.. 776

with a hole blown clean through him, he A game man always, he was never a

whirled and fired again; we found the cruel one. He called himself a thief. He

man's blood on the platform in the morn- never hesitated with the other men, high

ing, but, whoever he was, he got to the and low to loot the company,

horses and away. The big looters were financiers; Frank

When I reached Frank, he lay in Wyk- was only a thief, yet he gave his very life

er's arm. We threw the carrion in the for the law he trampled under foot,

baggage car and carried the cattleman and Thief if you please, I don't know. We

the conductor into the forward sleeper; I needn't quarrel about the word he branded

gave the "go ahead" signal and hurried himself with, yet a trust of money, of

to the side of the last of the old guard. friendship, of duty, were safer far in the

' Once his eyes opened, wandering ston- hands of Frank Denman than in the hands

ily; but he never heard me; never knew of able financiers.

me; never even spoke, and as the train I hold him not for model, neither glory

went that morning into the division, he in his wickedness; when I was friendless,

went with it ; when we stopped, his face he was my friend ; his story is told. — F>red'

was cold; he was up to the Grand Master, erick Allan Staegcr, in The Railroader.

The Absent Member.

JOHN ROACH.

IRGANIZED labor, by reason of every mistake that was ever committe:!;

its constantly increasing power he knows just where the worst routs oc-

and complexity, has assumed an curred, the precise court that launched a

importance that vividly reminds death dealing injunction, the names of the

the wage- worker that "eternal vigilance men who suffered imprisonment for failirg

is the price of liberty.*' In its constituent to obey the legal writ, the exact sum in

parts there are so many defects that must damages mulcted from trades unions at

be remedied before it can fully accomplish various times, and he is sure to point out

its mission that it is difficult at random to to you why the whole labor movement is

determine which should be given prece- doomed to destruction,
dence, but I feel sure the average unionist He feels convinced that most labor leaJ-

will agree that the member who absents ers are corrupt, and if the policy of local

himself from the meetings and takes but officers or general officers of his union

little or no interest in its affairs is capable does not coincide with his views he imme-

of much harm and greatly retards the pro- diately advertises his brother union men

gress of the movement. as "grafters," and in the event of an elec-

The absent member falls an easy prey to tion no chicanery is too despicable for him

the wiles of the hot head and the dema- to resort to to accomplish their defeat,
gogue and seems ever ready to lend his His morbid reasoning is' never satisfied

support to wildcat schemes conceived in ig- until with jealous eye he goes through the

norance and born of inexperience, that al- whole catalogue of unions and voices his

ways threaten the stability and many times condemnatory opinion of every man thore-

the existence of the union. in who in the past or the present has taken

The absent member considers himself the any active part in the work,
smartest man in his local, and he is sure The absent member is afso, as well as a

to have at his finger ends any part of la- member, a critic, a veritable Solomon. So

bor's history that treats of disaster and de- profound, so wise, so far-seeing is he ! And

feat. He can give you day and date for if when he occasionaly visits his local un-

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776. RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ion his views on union regulations are not ous man to go into the same organization

adopted, he is overwhelmed with surprise with him. If Providence in perfecting the

and gives this sometimes as a reason for grand scheme of creation left a niche for

not taking more interest in his organiza- this kind of a union man, it has never been

tion. discovered, but until it is we must suffer

The absent member unfortunately does patiently,

not confine his carpings to things generally, True trades unionists are those who have

b;it applies them directly to the policy that learned that not only are they who have

tried leaders by experience have found to ^'^S^^^ "who dare maintain them," but that

be correct. There is not a single thing patience and sacrifice are more essential

done that suits him. Every rule that is than turbulence and brute force. Some

passed is wrong, every one defeated is I'g^t has been brought into the hfe of

right, every plan adopted faulty, and his every worker, however sudden it may have

prediction of swift and sudden disaster suf- ^en, and thinking men cannot conteni-

ficient to alarm all except those who know P^a^e with composure the possible d^sXruc-

the pessimist at his worst. ^ion of the organized labor movement. If

^, , , . . ,- . its progress or permanence depended on

The absent member is never satisfied ^^^j^^ ^^j,j^^ absentees, stay at homes or

w.th the officers h.s union se ects. and .f .t ,^^ blundering policy of the nervously im-

should chance he acc.dentally attended a p^^j^^^ ,^^ p^,^ ^^ ^^^^^^i^ betterment

meetmg on election night and h.s name was ^^^,j ^^, ^^ t,,^^^^ ^^ p,^;^ ^^ .^ .^ ^^^^^.

proposed and defeated h.s lugubr.ous pro- ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^.^^^^^ p^^^^^^^ ^ j^,^j„^ ^j

phec.es were all the more nauseating. cheerfulness and encouragement. If he

He is not a pleasant or encouraging per- points to starving women in hellish sweat-
son for a non-union man to meet. There shops or fatigue stricken babies in southern
is nothing in his philosophy calculated to cotton mills, he also outlines a plan for the
encourage a fellow workman to join a relief of the sufferers. The men and wom-
trades union, and he carries such a settled en in the labor movement are patient, cour-
air of melancholia that it takes a courage- ageous and willing to sacrifice.

Love Of A Lady.

|R. CHARLES BANKS strolled "Jest walking about," announced Mr.
along distressingly under the Banks, waggling his head in a manner
influence of a new suit. He was which left him a fine choice of routes,
a timid youth, with a carefully There was a pause, broken only by the
cultivated brazenness, which, however, gen- gentleman clearing his throat,
erally played him false when most needed. **By yourself?" inquired Miss Bruce,

The sight of Miss Gertie Bruce brought glancing aimlessly over her shoulder,
tears to his eyes and a vivid coloring to his "Yes," was the answer. "What's the boys
face, and his feet seem to have conspired up to?" he asked, with an effort at easi-
to trip him up. When he came face to face ness.

with the young lady, he was too confused to "What do you mean ?" said the lady, cold-
raise his hat— a matter over which he was ly.
usually very punctilious. "You being alone."

As she smiled on him he abandoned the Miss Bruce tossed her head in a manner
graceful greeting he had been composing, implying immense disdStn for the male sex.
and said, "'UUo!" in a strangled voice. Mr. Banks, as sole representative, grew

"I didn't expect to see you," said Miss even more abject.
Bruce, composedly. "They ain't much," he agreed humbly.

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T77

There's exceptions," amended the young
iady. "I've met one or two nice chaps —
years ago."

Her companion had the feeling of being
on a mental switchback.

"You may meet some more," he suggest-
ed, shutting his mouth, and wondering how
long it had been open.

"Hope so," agreed the girl; "but it
doesn't look much like it."

"You may *ave a surprise/' said Mr.

"don't you! I only said it as conversation,
not as — as anything else."

"Oh," said the girl, "I thought perhaps
you said it as a recitation."

Mr. Banks' mouth twitched, and he had
an odd feeling of his eyebrows wandering
aimlessly over his forehead. He cleared his
throat, and gazed intently up the road.

"Well, go on," said Miss Bruce—
"smoke. You've been bragging enough
about it."

LODGE No. 627. CONWAY SPRINGS, KANSAS.
The boys of No. 627. B. R. T.. participated in the Fourth of July parade in their home city and were highly com-
plimented for their train and engine as well as for their splendid appearance.

Banks, endeavoring to convey a hint of his
possibilities.

"I'm sure I hope so," said his companion,
with a sigh. "It couldn't but be a pleasant
one."

"I'm going to 'ave a smoke," remarked
Mr. Banks, seizing an excuse to do some-
thing.

"Well, do you want me to form a ring?"
asked the girl. "There's a lady friend of
mine over there," she went on ; "1*11 ask her
to come and watch you, too."

"'Ere," cried Mr. Banks, in an agony,

Mr. Banks reluctantly took an enormous
curved pipe from his pocket and a velvet
tobacco pouch with his initials on it.

"A girl gave me this," he said, holding
the pouch up to view.

"Why, wouldn't anybody else have it?"

Mr. Banks' pipe prevented his replying.
After several matches had blown out, the
girl took pity on him.

"Here, let me !" she said.

"Never could light me pipe right off," he
muttered.

"Comes easy with practice," rem^irked th«
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778 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

girl, shielding the match from the wind "Ah, you*d like to know!"

with her hands, and allowing him to obtain "I bet it was a chap/*

a light. The girl nodded, absolving her conscience

Mr. Banks took a couple of luxurious with the reflection that, after all, her brother

pulls, swallowed the smoke, and nearly was a man.

choked. "Doing anything this afternoon?" he in-

"You want, to blow the smoke out as quired, covering his eagerness with a yawn,

soon as you get it in your mouth," taught "Not having my diary with me — " com-

Miss Bruce, apparently greatly interested mented the girl.

in the experiment. "That's the way my "I was only going to say," said Mr.

brother does. What you ought to have Banks, "being 'oliday time, we might go to

done," she continued, as Mr. Banks made the Fair Ground this afternoon."

no reply, "was to have started on a cigar- "You'd go an* lose me," said the girl

ette.** provokingly. Then what should I do?"

"I can smoke," he said indignantly. "I "I shouldn't lose you,'* said Mr. Banks,

smoked when I was a kid." reassuringly. Then enlightened as to the

"So did I," remarked the girl — "brown sarcasm by her smile, he grew dignified,

paper." "You've only got to say *No,' " he informed

"Seems to me," said Mr. Banks, wishing her haughtily,

the smoke would not get in his eyes, "we "But to you," reminded the girl — "oh, I

might *ave a bit of a walk. It's cold stand- couldn't !"

ing still," he added hastily, as the girl At her door they shook hands, which

looked at him. He gave a weak imitation formal courtesy somehow evolved into a

of a shiver. tug-of-war. This the girl won, owing to

"I'm going this way," said Miss Bruce, her opponent's consciousness of a steely

with a fine carelessness. eye in the front room; and, moreover, be-

They strolled along for some minutes ing harassed by doubts as to the realiability

without speaking. of his information on the etiquette of hat-

"Ever bin out with a girl before?" in- raising when you took the fruits of vic-

quired Miss Bruce at last. tory.

"Me?" said Mr. Banks, with a crimson ♦ ♦ ♦

face. "Dozens of times." At the trysting-place after dinner, Mr.

"Twice with the same girl?" she asked. Banks' half hopes that she would not keep

"'Ow d'you — " Mr. Banks had periods of the appointment gradually grew into fears,

intelligence. "You don't give a chap a When eventually she arrived on the scene

chance.** she was accompanied by another young

The girl sniffed disdainfully. Mr. Banks man, whom she formally introduced as her

licked his dry lips, and wiped a perspiring cousin,

hand on his trousers. "Pleased to see you," said Mr. Banks.

"Nice gloves you*ve got," he ventured. Politeness was his dominant virtue,

catching her hand tentatively. "Oh," said the cousin sceptically, "are

The girl eyed him stonily. you?"

"Like the hand inside," he suggested It soon became obvious to Mr. Banks

weakly, wondering how long he ought to that the arrival of this cousin had more

hold it. To his relief the girl solved the than counterbalanced his efforts of the

problem by pulling it away. morning.

"You've got a nerve!" she commented. "Fred's a great athlete," remarked the

He began to feel better. girl. "Aren't you, Fred?**

"That's pretty," he went on, touching a "Yes," said Fred,

locket which hung round her neck. The simple truthfulness of this reply ini-

She stopped accommodatingly for him to pressed the girl more than ever. Mr. Banks

examine it. loosed a philosophic utterance as to the de-

"Who gave you that?" he demanded jeal- ceptiveness of appearances,

ously. "Boxing!'* said Fred, honestly. "Boxing

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Y7i>

is my specialty. Never seem to mind pain.
I recollect I nearly got me nose broke
once."

"Nearly," said Mr. Banks, in surprise —
"not quite?"

**What d'you mean?" demanded Fred;
while the girl shared his frown.

"Nothing," was the reply. "I was going
too much by first impressions. I can see
now it's natural."

"I remember," said the cousin, after a
stormy pause, directing his remarks to the
girl, "once killing a man."

"What sort of man?" asked Mr. Banks.

"'Ow*d you mean, what sort of man?"
demanded the exasperated hero.

"I mean, had *e got all 'is arms an*
legs?" explained Mr. Banks.

" *E *ad two of each," snapped the girl's
cousin. "Leastways, that's all I see. 'E
may 'ave 'ad some more 'id about 'im. Tell
you wot, me old chum," he continued,
"you're trying to be too funny, that's what
you're doing."

Mr. Banks smiled soothingly.

"An' don't you smile at me," he went on,
" 'cos I won't have it !"

"I'm not," said Mr. Banks, in an injured
tone. "What should I want to smile at you
for? Where's the sense? You'll be saying
next I want to take you out for walks."

Arriving at the Deptford Fair, an enter-
tainment open all the year round, they
found the holidays had roused it from its
usual condition of dreary somnolence.

The roundabouts were very good, al-
though even the girl said it was almost a
shame when she and her cousin had nearly
a dozen rides, seated on the same horse,
and left Mr. Banks, who was riding in
gloomy glory in a carriage by himself, to
pay for all three.

Her cousin enjoyed shying for cocoanuts,
although he missed three times running.
At the seventh effort he gained much ap-
plause by hitting the man who gathered
the thrown balls. His first idea was to
treat the incident as a successful joke, but
when the man came up and explained how

he was suffering he expressed sympathy to
the extent of a shilling. As Miss Bruce re-
marked, however, he really didn't deserve
it.

At the boxing booth Miss Bruce became
wildly excited, and implored her cousin to
win the piece of silver by defeating the
Pride of Woolwich.

"I should only 'urt 'im," said her cousin,
when he refused. "It's 'is livin', an' I don't
want to do that."

"Now, gen'l'men, 'ere's yer opportunity.
Wotcher say, sir — take 'im on? The Pride
of Woolwich — show 'im yer arm. Bob! —
never bin beat. 'Ere yu are, sir, you with
the gal ! Catch !"

Miss Bruce, unused to the ways of the
sporting world, was surprised to receive a
pair of boxing gloves in her face.

"Come on away!" said her cousin un-
easily. "There'll only be a row."

"Go away when he's hit me? Go up and
punch him !"

As her cousin began to edge his way out
of the crowd, Mr. Banks snatched the
gloves from her.

"'Ere, ril do it!" he gasped.

The crowd greeted his appearance on the
platform with a roar of delight, and when
the girl followed him into the booth a rush
was made after them.

Stripped, Mr. Banks did not cut so sorry
a figure as might have been expected, but
compared with the Pride of Woolwich,
amongst whose obviously numerous faults
it was inconceivable to imagine conceit, he
made a poor show.

Had our hero been more fortunate in this
author, he would doubtless easily have de-
feated the Pride of Woolwich, but he didn't.
He stood up for four rounds against a pro-
fessional bruiser, who was goaded by the
girl's caustic tongue. When he was knocked
down he got up again. At the end of four
rounds they helped him out of the ring. As
the owner of the booth remarked, he hadn't
much art, but he had a good 'eart — which,
after all, is sometimes better than art. Any-
how, Miss Bruce admires it more. — Phila-
delphia Inquirer,

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tso Railroad tRaiMmeM's journal

Old Age Pensions.

EDWARD EVERETT HALE.

Charities and The Commons.

[HETHER the great public wishes do with their unemployed. The short-lived
it or no, the subject of old age French republic of 1848 employed them in
pensions must attract and will the service of the new government. It was
attract more interest in our sev- thought that their morals would be im-
eral states and in our national legislation proved if in the workshops there were in-
than it has done. The necessity for such scriptions which said, "A lazy man is a
pensions does not spring simply from any thief." And it was hoped that if they made
new veneration for old age. It springs di- tri-colored silks, a grateful nation would
rectly from that change in methods of buy them. The sleeve linings of our over-
manufacture which began when Watt and coats in America were made of these tri-
Bouton's steam engines got well to work, colored silks for years, because a patriotic
and which has made its way steadily and government had no other method of forc-
certainly to this hour. ing them upon a market. From that time

In the old centuries, wrongly described to this time, one has to study the discus-

by Oliver Goldsmith as those "before Eng- sions of paralyzed leaders in Europe who

land's woes began" — the working man chose are trying to find out how to employ the

his own hours for work and his own hours unemployed.

for play. When he passed the line of sev- As the American reader knows, the gen-
enty, for instance, he need not work at the eral answer which poor Europe has discov-
loom, or at the forge, all day if he did not ered so far is that the unemployed shall be
want to. He might work ten minutes a sent to America. All the more, however,
day. He might work an hour a day; he have we to answer the same question here,
m^ht work five hours a day. **As his As I say, I have served on scores of corn-
strength was, such his day was." But when mittees who in one stress or another of
the hours were set by the men or the laws crisis or financial depression have had to
which directed the central machines, which consider this question,
furnished the power of our manufactures. In America, there is practically one con-
there was no such elastic independence pro- stant question in this discussion. It is
vided for any workman who had outlived what shall the old men and what shall the
the strength of youth. Simply, the man old women do? The young men and the
must "run with the machine" or he cannot young women will find their place in a na-
run at all. tion which has a square mile of its surface

A somewhat indiflferent public has not ready for every family of ten people. But

chosen to recognize this change in the what will you do with the man or woman

necessary laws of industry. But here is who has sunk below the average line of

the reason why old men and old women physical strength?

cannot take care of themselves after their It would be funny if it were not so pain-
physical powers begin to decline as people ful to see how often the talk in such com-
in the same duties could take care of them- missions drifts around to the sending of
selves a hundred years ago. eggs to market "They can raise chickens

I have served, oh, I dare not say, on how and eggs, you know. Let us colonize them

many committees and commissions whose on industrial farms. Let us buy incubators

business it was to find employment for the and Plymouth rocks and long legged

unemployed. I have read, therefore, with a Shanghais and let them raise eggs for us."

sort of personal and a sort of pathetic in- After a series of philanthropic endeavors

terest the discussions of the feudal nations in any sea-board city, one comes round to

who try vainly to find out what they shall the feeling that the diet of the next gen-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 781

eration is to be a diet of omelettes, dropped At the present moment another condition

eggs and boiled eggs and chicken "fixings" presents itself which materially hinders any

in general. And such provision is to be general plan for old age pensions for men.

furnished by the old men and the old wo- In the Civil War, between the years of 1861

men. and 1865, between one and two million

Germany and Denmark are thus far the young men served in the United States

only European nations whose governments Army. The soldier who was twenty-one in

have looked old age in the face and pro- 1865 is sixty-three now. The country has

vided for it scientifically. So far as the been liberal to the full in granting pensions

workman in the great manufacturing estab- to all of these men who in their old age

lishments is concerned his weekly wages are in need. The old men who have no

are in those nations regularly charged with chance at such pensions are to a consider-

a small percentage from which is to be able extent men who did not care for their

made the provision for his old age. This country when she needed them. Thus to a

small percentage is paid regularly into the certain extent they are not the old men

state treasury which is thus able to pay to now who ingratiate themselves with their

this man if he survive, a regular pension neighbors. I heard the other day a letter

after he has passed the old age limit, which from the widow of one of those old men,

is continued till he dies. To speak in busi- who said he had never served in the na-

ness terms, every one employed in one of tion's army, but that when the last call was

these factories is compelled to buy an en- made in 1864 for a new enlistment he had

dowment policy payable to him in his old said that if another call was made he had

age if he survive. thought he would serve. There are others

In this country the superficial writers all like him of ages varying from sixty-three to
turn up their noses at such a provision. For one hundred. But they do not excite the
the superficial writers are all ignorant and sympathy of their neighbors,
very few of them care to know anything on But a moment's thought will show that
the subject of which they write. But in such instances are simply exceptional. In
fact the United States instituted this policy theory the old age pension does not present
more than a hundred years ago for the itself as a charitable oflfering. It is pre-
benefit of sea-faring men. Every seaman sented as a simple business proposition. It
regularly employed in the merchant marine offers the best way to do something which
has been obliged for more than a century in all countries like ours which conform to
to leave a small fraction of his monthly the Christian principle of the statutes of
wages which is paid into the national treas- Queen Elizabeth must be fulfilled somehow,
ury as that man's contribution to the "ma- The old age pension, uniform for everybody
rine hospital service." In compensation for who is more than seventy years of age,
this payment every registered seaman of offers what will prove to be the best system
whatever age is cared for by the nation for the care of the aged. And it is hardly
-without expense to himself, in hospitals ad- necessary to say that it will everywhere
mirably equipped for this purpose. Even if meet what is and ought to be the eager de-
he were completely disabled in early life, sire to cherish and maintain the family tie.
if he lived to be a hundred without being The English ministry has just now
able even to raise chickens. Uncle Sam brought forward its system for old age
provides for him as well as Uncle Sam pensions. Mr. Asquith, the chancellor of
knows how. For instance, Uncle Sam the exchequer, has a singularly favorable
maintains a sanatorium for him on the opportunity, and he has bravely met the op-
slope of the Rocky Mountains which has portunity by a large plan. He proposes to
no superior in the world. It is in face of allow from the national revenue a million
an object lesson like this which has sue- pounds a year for the present, expecting
ceeded perfectly for more than a hundred that the payments from the local rates will
years that the superficial writers tell us that furnish four or five times that amount. The
it would be impossible to introduce any estimate on which the government is acting
such system in America, may be very briefly stated tlm^: That^an

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782 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

annual pension of five shillings a week or form of an old age pension would be an act
thirteen pounds a year would cost Great which should provide that whatever poll
Britain twenty-six million pounds annually, taxes are collected in the state should be
That is, that there are about two million paid at once into the state treasury. From
people more than sixty-five years old. this amount should be paid an annual pen-
When it is said, as it sometimes is said, sion to all men living in the state who have
that the demand on some public treasury paid a poll tax since they were eighteen,
would be ten million pounds, it is meant which is the age generally chosen for the
that the very aged shall receive more than beginning of such taxes,
five shillings a week. ^^^^ ^^^^ ^jU ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^n

Speaking in round numbers, it is enough ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ seventy? Working on

to say, that if ten million pounds is suffi- ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^j^j^^ j^ ^^^ truth,-that you are

cient for pensions for all old men and wo- spending the poll taxes of the last fifty-two

men who are sixty-five and over, six mil- ^^^^^ ^^^ j,^^^ ^^^ ^^^ pensions to women

lion is enough if the limit of age be sev- ^j, ^^^ accumulation of poll taxes of men

enty years, three million is enough if the ^^^ j,^^^ ^j^^ Nine-tenths of the whole

limit be at seventy-five years, and one mil- ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^„^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^j^^^ ^^^

lion is enough if it be fixed at eighty years ^^^^ removed to Argentina or Bolivia, or

or over. Cuba, — or anywhere else in the alphabet.

In making plans for the American states, ^^^^j^^ ^^^^ ^^„ ^^„„t^^ ^^at is to say,

we have one great advantage, for the states ^j^j, ^j^ ^^^^ ^^ ^j^j, ^,j ^^„ ^^^ ^^^

which we used to call the free states. In -^ ^^ ^^j^j, ^^j^ ^^ say,-we are not treat-

almost all of these a pDll tax, levied upon j^^ y^^ ^^ paupers; the state is returning

every man above the age of eighteen is a ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^j^^ ^y^^^ ^^^ „^^j j^ ^^^^

fixed institution. If this poll tax were two ^j,^ ^^„^y ^^^^^ ^^^ yourselves, or your

dollars a year, the man of seventy who has husbands or fathers or brothers, have been

paid it since he was eighteen, has paid into payjng ^q the state,
the treasury of the state in which he lives

one hundred and sixteen dollars. It is not '^^e German old age pension, as I have

easy to calculate how much this payment said, reserves a small fraction of the weekly

would amount to if the sums had been wages of each workman as a fund for his

placed at compound interest since the be- old age pension. But our system would be

ginning. But anybody can see that the ear- simpler if we took from each man his poll

lier payments have doubled again and again. ^^^ at two dollars a year and paid one hun-

If the commonwealth of Massachusetts, for ^red dollars a year to each survivor, man

instance, had opened an account with John ^^ woman, who had passed the limit of sev-

Doe or Richard Roe, in 1849, he would, if ^"^y y^^". The success of the old age

he lived, have standing to his credit in 1907, Pension in New South Wales and New

much more than a thousand dollars. And Zealand and Victoria and other Australian

he may live as many years as are assigned colonies gives great encouragement to the

him, till he be a hundred if you please, be- advocates of old age pensions in older

fore he will have exhausted this credit. If states.

today he would pay a thousand dollars to As I have implied already, at this mo-

any life company it would gladly guarantee ment such a system becomes simpler and

him a pension of a hundred dollars a year, easier in America because so many of the

In such northern states, therefore, the na- survivors of the Civil War are already re-

tive-born men can say with entire pride and ceiving pensions from the general govern-

self-respect that whenever the state orders ment or from state governments. It would

an annual pension of a hundred dollars to be perfectly fair to exclude such pension-

a man over seventy years of age, it simply aries, who receive one hundred dollars an-

begins to pay back to him what he has mially or more, from the calendar of per-

paid to the state since 1849. ions more than seventy years of age who

It is so easy to show this and probe it should receive the general old age p^n^

that it has seemed to me that the simplest sion. The accidental existence of so large

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. IBS

an exempt class would make it easier to in nineteen cases out of twenty, because

initiate the new system in the northern their relatives are cruel or unkind. Now

states. let it be once understood that the old man

And here, as in everything else, it is only or the old woman has twenty-five dollars

the first step which costs. If the whole paid to him by the state authorities once a

project were to be discussed and decided quarter and you will hear no more of their

by conventions of the keepers of alms- being sent to an "institution." Home is the

houses, poorhouses, or public "country institution for such people. The care of

houses" of whatever name, — there is no their grandsons and granddaughters is their

doubt of their verdict. In my experience providential occupation. "To shoulder the

of more than half a century, I have not crutch and show how fields were won," is

found three men and women entrusted with their providential duty. Or to call around

such duty who belong to the type ridiculed them the boys or girls and tell them the

by generations, by Mr. Dickens in Oliver stories of Cinderella and of Jack the Giant

Twist. On the other hand, I have found Killer. That is to say, the old home is the

them, I think without exception, men and place for them. And no one understands

women who were gentle, with siijcere sym- this better than the men and women, the

pathy and pity for the older members of keepers of almshouses who though they do

their households. Such old men and old their best cannot make a home out of a

women are not in an almshouse, — ^no not public "institution."

The Power Of Union Through Organization.

JORKINGMEN organize for indi- labor? Beggarly, with hat in hand, it seeks
vidual advancement and mutual the privilege to toil. With bent shoulders
help. By associating together and submissive head, humble and plain, it
they protect their individual ofttimes sinks its manhood for the sake of
rights and promote their collective welfare, a job. When at work each strives to out-
Left alone, each to struggle for himself strip the other to keep favor with the boss,
against the brutality of the labor market. Some grow so menial under such depraved
the tendency of wages would be ever down- conditions that they become toadies and
ward. To partly make up for the shortage lickspittles and play the "sucker" act with
in pay which would be the inevitable con- the boss.

sequence the hours of labor would be With the organization of labor, how-
greatly increased in order to satisfy the ever, the scene changes. Manhood is as-
greedy. Thus with more work per day serted; the weak are upheld by the strong,
and less wages the number of unemployed The individual workman is no longer left
would continually increase and the ever alone to make his own bargain with the
expanding cycle of lower conditions would employer or contractor under depressing
find no limit. disadvantages. By organizing with his fel-

In this way- the public welfare would be lows in a union of his trade collective bar-
impaired by lessening the home market and gaining for the mutual good becomes the
domestic consumption of the necessaries of rule. Then the boss can no longer say,
life. In such unhealthy competition both "Take what I give you or you can go!"
the inferior and superior workmen alike Workmen in a union have the power,
suffer. The merciless and cruel rule of when conservatively and discreetly used, to
competition among employers on jobs or make joint agreements with their employ-
contracts leads them to seek the cheapest ers and avoid strikes, lockouts and all un-
labor at the longest hours of toil. • pleasant feeling. That such is not the case

But how stands it with unorganized is largely the fault of the men who remain

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outside of a union, who hamper the union's
efforts and trust to their own insignificant
personality or meretricious chance to pull
them through. This latter class invariably
are aids and abettors to Parry, the Citizens'
Association, the Anti-boycott Association
and the other organizations of employers
who masquerade as upholders of "indi-
vidual liberty" and are the industrial de-
bauchees of the workers.

In these days of gigantic industrial
strides with machinery, electricity and
other labor saving forces, with combina-
tion of moneyed men and trusts, with the
machinery of law and the subtle influences
of manifold political corruption in varied
forms, the workman who travels in the
old stagecoach of individualism is certainly
an indecipherable back number.

We organize trades unions for a higher
manhood, for protection of the lowly and
the humble, for better homes and longer
and happier lives, for the possession of the
full fruits of our toil and against all forms
of industrial robbery, social injustice and
political despotism.

The trades unions are far from perfect,
but they are an agency for good, ever
eager and more eager to attain perfection.
In some cases they have undoubtedly made
lamentable mistakes. They have at times
entered into hasty and heedless strikes, but
with age and discipline they enter into
fewer strikes. Again, occasionally they
have indulged in sympathetic strikes. So
did France when it took the side of our
infant republic against the British govern-
ment ; so did the northern states when they
took up arms against the south for the free-
dom of the slaves.

Where the workers are well organized
and dealt with collectively by fair trade
agreement honorably respected, sympathetic
strikes have no place.

In the past the trades unions were eph-
emeral, formed for the time being in a
shop or a locality to ask more pay or strike
in good times or to resist a reduction in
wages in hard times. From that in time
they expanded to national proportions and
finally into a gigantic power, such as the
American Federation of Labor. They are
not autocratic nor obedient to any one
man power. Their officers are elected by
the majority. The membership has the
power to remove any officer who exceeds
his authority or who is not suitable. In
this they exercise the purest form of de-
mocracy. Though at first ridiculed, mis-
understood and opposed, they are rapidly
gaining in public favor, educating the pub-
lic press, winning the pulpit and courting
the help of the thoughtful and the humane.

At present the trades unions are in their
primary growth, in some cases crude and
eager for conflict. With time and patience
they will become more powerful, more
cautious, better disciplined and command
still greater respect. With high dues and
well filled treasuries they can take care
of their sick and disabled members; they
can have their funeral benefits and other
forms of cheap mutual insurance under
their own control.

For these practical things we organize,
and those who remain outside of our ranks
stand in their own light and act as a clog
on all of our worthy endeavors. — P. /. Mc-
Guire in American Federationist.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL: 785

Why The Small Investor Loses.

By Charles G. Dawes, Ex-Comptroller of the Currency.

|T IS little wonder, with the pres- The small investor generally never knows
ent growth of values in the what the profit of the seller is. Whtre the
country and the rapid increase seller fixes his own profit, it is almost al-
in wealth, that the man with ways larger, other things being equal, than
the small savings account feels like using the amount of profit which results from
it to secure for himself a greater participa- negotiation. In the majority of proflfers of
tion in the prevailing prosperity than that mining and plantation stock through news-
afforded by three per cent interest. That papers, the man who buys is paying a profit
there is now widely prevalent among our fixed by the seller for his own benefit,
people of moderate means a mania for the Large capital makes a preliminary investi-
investment of small sums in hazardous and gation at its own expense. The small in-
fraudulent enterprises is unquestioned. The vestor either acts upon no investigation,
purpose of this article is to warn prospec- or upon an investigation paid for by the
tive small investors against the "get-rich- seller. Large capital negotiates for a price
quick'* plans with which they are beset with the true value in mind. The small

I believe that in the vast majority of investor generally buys without knowledge

cases moderate sums of money cannot be of the real value.

invested safely so as to bring in more than What chance has the small investor? You
a reasonable interest return and should not know nothing from the advertisement as to
be invested in response to spacious news- whether the promoters are men of past
paper advertisements. The small investor business success. Many men who are
generally overlooks the advantages which known business failures in their own com-
the capitalist has as compared with him- munities are often long distance million-
self, aires. Often they are broken plungers

In the first place, the capitalist, in mak- whose brief success was widely chronicled,

ing an investment, is generally in the po- but whose gradual business relapse has nat-

sition of being desirous of buying from urally not been heralded,

others. The small investor is in a position Do not put too much faith in what names

where others are desirous of selling to him. seem to mean. Find out, by inquiry from

The capitalist buys where he can buy cheap, some one who knows, just what they do

whether the seller is making a profit or mean. If you have no way of finding out

not. the character and past business record of

The small investor in answering a pub- the men, do not invest,

lished invitation to buy is always paying A banker in one of our great city banks

a profit to the seller. One should remem- once asked a man to invest some of his

ber when^he is reading a newspaper ad- personal funds in his own business. The

vertisement of stocks that he is being asked latter had a business which, though very

by a stranger to buy something at the successful, was not one of great magnitude,

stranger's price. He had never had any business relations

There is no reason why the stranger with the banker or his bank. Naturally sur-

should offer him an exceptional bargain, prised, the business man asked the banker

Exceptional bargains in these days of pros- why he selected him and his business, in

perity do not, as a rule, go begging. The view of his close relations to the great busi-

capitalist, if he buys at a profit to others, ness leaders of the city. The banker re-

gcnerally knows what that profit is and plied:

measures it in its relation to the profit "Because you are successful, and it is

which he hopes to realize on the purchase, your business. I am almost daily asked by

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786 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

businessmen to join them in outside ven- does the cash go — to the company's treas-
tures, but they won't take my money in ury, or to buy stock already issued for
their own business. When I join a coterie good-will to others? What is the relation
of men in an outside investment, as an al- of the cash cost or selling value of the
most invariable rule we all lose; and yet property of the company to the amount of
every one of us may be a success in our its stock issues? Has it ample working
own business. I have had so many experi- capital? What is its indebtedness? Are its
ences of this sort that if even Marshall titles or patents in dispute? What are the
Field should have asked me to join him salaries of its officers?
in a manufacturing business or a mining Now these questions would be only some
venture, I should have declined. But if he of the preliminary questions which the ex-
had said: Tut some of your money into perienced investor would ask before tak-
my business,' I would have given him all ing up the equally important ones relative
I had. Now men, when they are far along to the nature, condition and prospects of the
in business, do not want, as a rule, to take business itself. How much of this kind of
outside money in such form as to largely information have you, who, after reading
share the results of their work with others, the flamboyant advertisement in the paper,
Naturally, if they need money, they borrow fill in for a few dollars the coupon applica-
it and pay interest on it without sharing tion for mining or plantation stock printed
profits beyond that extent." in the margin of the advertisement? Poor

There is a deal of philosophy in this fool, the man who follows off a bunco-
banker's statement. A coterie of business steerer is more excusable than you. He has
men who "take a flyer," as they call it, can at least had the opportunity of passing a
generally afford to lose, and they generally hasty judgment upon the personal appear-
do. ance of the scoundrel who is after his

Out of all this let us deduce a rule. Try money. You are simply biting on a hook

to invest your money with successful busi- with the bait half off, without even seeing

ness men in the business in which they whether the fisherman looks benevolent,

have succeeded. How chary is the fool of displaying his

In reading a newspaper advertisement of folly?

stocks, do so always with a skeptical spirit, These are the days when the bankers lis-

just as you would regard a strange indi- ten to the confidences of the unfortunates

vidual who would call at your house claim- who have been buying stocks on "straight

ing to be able to sell something at less than tips" and who bring in their remaining

its real value. H you see something in the sound collaterals to borrow enough to pay

advertisement which tempts you to invest, up their losses with the brokers. How

you will, unless you are a fool, investigate quiet they are-t-these same men who were

the advertised proposition as you would telling a few months ago how they bought

the proposition made by a stranger. These this or that stock upon which their judg-

are some of the proper questions upon ment had been vindicated by this or that

which your mind should be made clear: profit. We hear of the successes; but of

Who are you, who offer the stock? As the failures which outnumber them, we sel-

you ask me to regard your representations dom hear except when stem necessity re-

as trustworthy, refer me to those of whom veals them. But our sympathies are not so

I know, who will vouch for your character much excited by this class of fools,

and trustworthiness. As you are offering I know of a poor scrubwoman who in-

me stock in a company, please tell me in vested five dollars in one share of doubtful

percentages how the stock is allotted. What mining stock in answer to a newspaper ad-

per cent of the total stock has gone to the vertisement. The secretary who opened the

people who formerly owned the property mail in which that letter was received, if he

bought by the corporation? What per cent was honest, must have felt like reaching

of the stock represents good-will? What for his employer's sneaking face with a
per cent of the stock is sold for cash like* strong right arm and a doubled fist,

that you propose to sell me? To whom Bloodsuckers, scoundrels — these names

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 787

sound too mild for such men. Before the are many good and generous men in it.
eyes of an honest and experienced business There are many who will lend a helping
man they would cringe and whine like egg- hand to you in your adversity, but in the
sucking dogs caught in the act time of need you will not find them among

How far away seem the days of the mil- the men who tried to get you to embark in
lennium when we see such men parading speculation with your little surplus and to
as the friends of the poor and at the same sell you something which would help you
time offering to sell them speculative stocks, to "easy money."

And what is the result? Led like sheep Be self-reliant. Make your own investi-
to the slaughter, a long procession of the gation in investments. When you cannot,
misguided poor are parting with the savings put your money in a good savings-bank,
which have been made possible by the most Distrust the financial demagogue as you dis-
magnificent season of prosperity the nation trust the political demagogue. Keep your
has ever known. Many a poor wretch, hand on your pocketbook as you travel
drawing his savings-bank account now in through life — first, to give always in pro-
the hope of getting rich quick, will, in the portion to your means to those who are
coming years of industrial depression, wan- poorer ; second, to hold from those who
der the streets of our cities without woirk would take through force or fraud what
and without bread. God give us common- you need for yourself and yours. You will
sense. then have your hand where most of the

This is a hard world in business. It al- other fellows have only their eyes. In this
ways has been, and always will be. There alone you will have the advantage of them.

Little Toilers In Mill And Shop.

|HE figures and facts are b^sed on fifteen years old. The number under four-
statistics of 1900, which relate teen was 790,623, or 45.2 per cent of the
to the employment of children total.

as bread winners, of whom Of the total number of children bread

1,750,000, in round numbers, between the winners ten to fifteen years of age 72.2 per

ages of ten and fifteen, were so employed, cent were boys and 27.8 per cent girls.

Bread winners are defined as those earn- Almost invariably the percentage of

ing money regularly by labor, contributing bread winners is much greater among for-

to the family support, or appreciably as- eign-born children than among native-born

sisting in mechanical or agricultural in- children. The percentage of bread winners

dustry. among negro children is much higher than

Agricultural labor claimed by far the among white children,

larger portion of child labor, the number The cotton mills furnish employment to

of children ten to fifteen years old so em- children to a greater extent than any other

ployed being 1,054,446, or about two-thirds manufacturing or mechanical industry. In

of the total number of child bread winners, 1900 the numb/sr of cotton mill operatives

most of them being members of farmers* ten to fifteen years of age was 44,427.

families. Of the 71,622 messengers and errand

Next in extent comes domestic services, and office boys in the United States 62 per

or the occupations of servants and waiters cent were district and telegraph messengers

or waitresses, in which 138,065 children and errand boys, 23.3 per cent were office

were employed, most of them being girls, boys and 14.7 per cent were bundle and

About one-third of the children employed cash boys or girls. Nine-tenths of the

in gainful occupations were fifteen years of children employed in such service are boys,

age, and more than half were fourteen, or The occupation of the textile worker, or

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;88 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the needle trades furnish employment to percentage for the total number of children
35,070 children between ten and fifteen of that age in the United States was 79.8.
years of age, of whom 5,136 were boys and But after these children reach the age at
29,9i34 were girls. The total number of which the opportunity for employment as
children ten to fifteen years of age engaged wage earners begins their school attend-
in the tobacco and cigar factories was ance suffers. In the families with child
11,462. bread winners schooling rarely extends be-
Of the 49,998 glass workers reported in yond the age of thirteen. Of the children
1900, 5,365 or 10.7 per cent, were from ten fourteen years of age 97.4 per cent were
to fifteen years old. employed and only 1.6 per cent were at

school.
Of the 23,(i57 children for whom stats- ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ,,„^^^^ ^j ^^i,^^^^ ^^^ ^^

tics were specially compiled 17,956. or .5.9 ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^j ^^^ j„ ^^^ ^^^^^ S^^^^^
per cent were l.vmg m homes with the.r ^j ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ;„jj^^^j^^ ^^ compared
parents; 3,380 representing 14.3 per cent, ^j,^ jgg ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ,j,^ ^^^.^^ ^^^^^ ^i„.
or approximately one-seventh of the total. ^^^^ ^j ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ j^^,^^^^ i^ ^^i^ ,^^^,
were living with widowed mothers, and 5.8, ,^^j^^ p^^ ^^^ messengers and errand and
or 2.4 per cent, with mothers wh9 wer^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ of. illiteracy is corn-
living apart from their husbands and pj^atively small.

whose economic position was therefore 3^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ illiteracy

likely to be analagous to that of the widow, j^ ^^^^ ^^^^„ f^^ ^^^^ ^^i,j^^„ j„ ^^^^ ^^j.

The number of children that were either ^^^ ^;„^ j^ ^^^ g^^^^ ^1^^^^ ^^,f ^^ j,^^

fatherless or not living with their fathers ^^^,^^ ^j,, ^p^^jj^^ t^„ t„ f^^^^^„ y^^,,

was 4,943, about one-fifth of the total num- ^j ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ one-fourth

• of these fifteen to twenty years old. The

The percentage of school children in the smaller percentage in the older group of

total population, five to nine years of age, operatives would indicate that a good many

enumerated in the United States was 53.3, of these children learn to read and write

which is only a little higher than the per- after they are ten years of age. But the

centage (50.6) shown for the selected fam- percentage of illiteracy in the older group

ilies included in this study. Of the num- is still very high, rendering it probable that

ber of children ten to fourteen years of large numbers of these children are destined

age in these families only 31.9 per cent to remain illiterate for the rest of their

were at school, while the corresponding lives. — Exchange,

On The Train.

BY E'.IZABETH BOYLE O BEILLY.

Little brooks cf running song over pebbles flow.
I'm returning to my Love, swift! oh swifter go!
Chill the winter, yet I feel spring in every breath.
Hark! the runlets headlong reel! Springtime looseneth
All the streamlets, tumbling, mad, rushing down the hills.
Buoyant, gurgling, rippling, glad — harken to the rills!
Scatter, gather, onward press, faster, wilder glee!
Frolic, flashing, gleaming stress, on to join the sea!

Little brooks of running song over pebbles flow.
I'm returning to my Love, swift! oh swifter go!
Joyous, eager, trembling sheer, breathless back I come.
Patience! but an hou' so near, bear the fret and hum!
Are you waiting? Are you sad Tve been absent long?
All my heart is singing glad, little brooks of song.
Milton, Mass. --The Independent.

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THE>FIKE>SrDI>

<^^^^^^

This DepArtmaat is open to all women friends of the Brotherhood .

French Women's Wages.

Monsieur Benoist affirms that there &re a great
number of working girls in Paris who earn less
than fifty cents a day, and who live on this with-
out asking help from any one. To be sure, these
are the more unfortunate members, and there are
skilled workers in the sewing room who earn as
much as eighty cents a day; but it is the humblest
among the humble who are the most interesting.

It will be protested, no doubt, that there is the
same difference between wages and expenses in
America as in France, and that therefore the
proportions remaining the same, the situation
does not alter. This I can with some authority
contradict, for the opinion of men like M. Jules
Siegfried, who have studied the wage question
in both countries, confirms what chanced to be
ray own personal experience: the laborer in
America makes double what he does in France,
and spends only a fraction more. In my debut as
a factory girl I never was offered less than
seventy-five cents a day, or $4.60 a week, for
unskilled work. I never paid more than $3 a
week for board, lodgings, heat, light and wash-
ing. This left a balance of $1.50 a week for
clothes, carfare, "pin money** and savings, at the
very outset, and after a week or ten days' prac-
tice I was able to earn regularly $6 to $6.50 a
week. The skilled "hands'* in the mills where I
worked gained on piece-work an average of $10
a week.

What, indeed, we must ask ourselves can be
the consolation of a girl of eighteen — perhaps
even younger — alone in Paris, starting at a salary
of fifty cents a day, with little hope of gaining
more? Those whose horizon is hemmed in by
the narrow confines of the material world will
find no temptations to speculate regarding the
inward joys of a poor creature who subsists on
thirteen cents a day! Those, on the other hand,
who do not live by bread alone, will understand.
First of all, there is the moral satisfaction of
sufficing honestly to oneself, without making upon
others demands which they might find it difficult
to meet, or without taking from any one what
might have to be repaid at a cost too dear. Then
there is the great consolation — or torment, as
the case may be — at all events, the absorbing,
masterful, distracting pre-occupation, love! With-
out the wings of Cupid to lift her Into the
clouds, the little ouvriere*s burden would crush
her too heavily to earth. — Mrs. John Van Vorst,
in Lippincott's.

Pioneer Lodge No, 238.

After just reading the August number of the
Railroad Trainmen's Journal I wish to say that
I found some very interesting reading in it. 1
think the Journal worthy of a still wider circula-
tion than it is now credited with having. Let the
boys get out and hustle and see what they can
do in regard to getting the Journal among the
business men and their employes, and show them
what you are doing.

Your Journal is a publication of which you
should feel proud. It is certainly an able and
fearless exponent of your organization. Your
editor is conservative in his attitude on all public
questions, but nevertheless firm in his devotion
to your interests. He also raises the Journal to a
high plane of usefulness and authority in its
chosen field.

I always anxiously await the visit of the
Journal with pleasure, and I am particularly
glad of the opportunity to speak for it.

When we stop and think of the vast amount of
knowledge, of the different railroads, that is ob-
tained through this little book, it is no wonder
we find it in the homes and before the reading
public. The Journal always contains many differ-
ent departments which cannot fail to be of in-
terest somehow to one and all. You will find it
is bringing to light a great amount of valuable
information, from obscure but reliable sources,
all of which meets the matter of fact present
with greater interest, for who does not find in its
columns an incentive to more study and a fuller
appreciation of the things of today.

So let all the brothers see that the subscription
list of the Journal is increased.

Advance a good cause and give this matter
your earnest consideration. With the subscrip-
tion price at $1.00 a year it can be made to in-
vade the homes of hundreds of people, where
now it is a stranger. Just stamp the idea in your
memory, that you arc going to work for the in-
terest of the Journal.

We all trust more or less to our memory, be-
cause we have such confidence in it. To remem-
ber anything, you must first place a decided in-
terest in the object to be attended to, and let
that object be the Trainmen's Journal. Mem-
ory discussed from a psychological standpoint is
to be looked at from its sentimental side, then
you will find treasured memories hidden deep
within their inmost heart.

Life necessitates many changes^^ 3P^ J?f°?
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

times wc are taken from scenes of pleasure to
those of sorrow. Thus, through the mist of
years, we find ourselves looking back upon our
treasured memories, which bring us genuine
pleasure.

Mrs. James Kbndrick.

The Cojiductor.

The man who merits -most our praise, and yet re-
ceives our blame;

The man whose name is never found upon the
walls of Fame;

The man whose richest banquet comes from out
his dinner pail —

The cool, courageous leader of the army of the
rail.

At the time when danger threatens, the conductor

takes command.
And the trouble quickly lessens at the touch of

his firm hand.
And carefully he guards the train, and watches

night and day«
Till they pull in at the terminal, and put the

train away.

At the brake and at the throttle we find brave

and skillful men^
But no more brave and skillful than the "boys"

who "push the pen."
The conductor knows the train is in his care, and

does his best
To bring the men in safety to their much-needed

rest.

Speeding over rushing rivers, over mountain, over

plain.
The conductor guards the interests of crew and

track and train.
Tho* the wheels move swift or slowly, and tho'

long or short the run.
The conductor watches carefully until the trip is

done.

Here's a health to the conductor! May his life

be long and sweet.
And in all his many battles, may he never know

defeat.
We'll not forget the engineer, for he is tried and

true.
But ne'er will we forget to say "God bless the

conductor, too."

Lydia M. Dunham.
Lehigh Tannery, Pa.

Watchman, what of the .night?
Is it fraught with many a fear^ *

Is it silent and dark and cold?
Is there never a comrade near.
And never a hand to hold.
Nor promise at last of light?
Watchman, what of the night?

Watchman, what of the night?
I have fought and fallen and lost,

I have fought and striven and gained.
And which at the heavier cost?
But a whisx>er still remained
Of an unrevealed delight —
Watchman, what of the night?

Watchman, what of the night?
Nay, is there aught to tell?

Can it prove more strange than this?
If I wake* why, it is welU
If I sleep, why, well it is.

So there come no dreams to fright —
Watchman, what of the night?
-By Elisabeth C. Cardoso, in The Independent,

What Of The Night.

Watchman, what of the night?
The sun drops red on the hill«

And the dark draws near apace.
And the night winds wreaks its will.
And I — I have run my race,
I have fought my latest fight.
Watchman, what of the night?

Statement Of Claims.

Port Huron, Mich., Aug. 1, 1907.

Previously paid $294,1«5.68

Paid Since Last Report.
732 Mary E. Devine, Gdn., Chilli-

cothe, Ohio $ 500.00

Total $2d4,6«5.68

Died Since Last Report.

Irora Ivey, of Lodge No. 206, died June 28,
1907.

Jennie Watson, of Lodge No. 332, died July S,
1907.

Litto L. Gay, of Lodge No. 325, died July 7.
1907.

Lillian Predeaux, of Lodge No. 294. died July
7, 1907.

Rose Tees, of Lodge No. 283, died July 12,
1907.

Addie L. Harper, of Lodge No. 829, died July
4, 1907.

Elizabeth Powers, of Lodge No. 110, died July
13, 1907.

Sarah Hayes, of Lodge No. 128, died July 20,
1907.

Alice Bowen, of Lodge No. 80, died July 15,
1907.

Sarah C. Schamel, of Lodge No. 178, died July
19, 1907.

Margaret Hinkel, of Lodge No. 172, died July
21, 1907.

Rose McCabe, of Lodge No. 138, died July 27,
1907.

Beulah Baker, of Lodge No. 370, died July 31,
1907.

. Amy a. Downing,
G. S. & T.

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TRAIV RULES

^KINDRED SUficl£CTS

bend all inquiries to H. A. Dalby, Naugatock, Coon.

A. B. C. Rules On The Northern Pacific.

At the recent convention of the Train
Dispatchers' Association at Boston some
time was devqted to the consideration of
the above rules, which are of interest to all
concerned in the movement of trains on
single track. They were arranged by the
superintendent and dispatchers of the main
line division having headquarters at Spo-
kane and are in use on certain districts
handling a very heavy traffic. It was found
that the ordinary method of handling trains
by train orders was entirely insufficient and
a more speedy way seemed a necessity.
These rules comprise the telegraph system,
by which the operators protect a train in
both directions when it has entered the
block, and, in addition to this, no train can
leave a station without authority from the
dispatcher and the possession of a block
card. Ordinarily there are no train orders
issued. Trains have no so-called "rights,"
there being no superiority of one train over
another. On the time table there are no
trains represented except passenger trains
and these are only for advertising purposes
and to make known the fact that a passen-
ger train may be expected at a certain time.
Passenger trains are not "superior" in a
train rule sense. A train obtaining a block
card is given authority to run to the next
telegraph office, and there it must receive
similar authority before it can proceed far-
ther.

The station train order signal is espe-
cially adapted for this system. There is a
semaphore signal for trains in each direc-
tion and the arm is capable of three posi-
tions. There are different colored lights

for night signals to correspond with each
position of the blade. The indications are
these : Arm horizontal with% red light by
night, Stop; block not clear: Arm raised
to an angle of 45 or more degrees above
the horizontal with yellow light by night.
Take siding. Arm dropped to an inclined
position with green light. Proceed; block
clear. It will be observed that two of
these positions correspond to the ordinary
"stop" and "proceed" sjgnals, while the
upward inclination corresponds to a "cau-
tion" signal. The night colors are accord-
ing to the latest and best signal practice,
in which white is not used. If a white
light is displayed at any time in a fixed
signal it is an indication that something is
^rong and is equivalent to a "stop" sig-
nal.

At stations where there is not a clear
view of the signal for a reasonable dis-
tance, distant signals are used to indicate
the position of the home signal (the regu-
lar block or train order signal). The
distant signal gives but two indications;
inclined downward with green light if the
home signal is clear and inclined upward
with yellow light if it is in either of the
other positions.

To illustrate the manner in which trains
are moved by this system let us suppose
a train is ready to leave its initial station, A.
The operator asks permission of the dis-
patcher to clear the train. If it is proper
to give this permission the dispatcher au-
thorizes the operator to issue a block card,
giving it a number the same as he would

number a train order. Tke^ /dispatcher
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792 RAILROAD TRAIN MEN'S JOURNAL

keeps a train sheet in the usual way ex- he can see just where they should be made,

cept that when he authorizes a block card. He has, in a general way, complete control

as above described, he marks the number of trains and to authorize a move requires

of the card in a place provided for the pur- no more effort than to move a piece on a

. pose on the sheet He can then tell at a chess board. The necessity for giving

glance whether or not he has authorized orders a long time before they are to be

the movement of the train from that sta- executed is done away with, an element in

lion. After the operator has received per- train dispatching which has proven a fruit -

mission to clear the train, he immediately ful source of oversight to those on the train

communicates with the operator at station and the cause of changed orders, with all

B, obtaining his consent and co-operation, their delay and disappointment to the dis-

the latter pledging himself to liold all trains patcher.

in Ihe opposite direction until the train in This, in brief, is the general plan of the
question has arrived. If by any chance "A. B. C." system. H it were adopted on
the dispatcher and the operator at A have a road having adequate equipment so that
overlooRed the fact that there is a train it could be carried out according to these
already in the block (which is extremely simple principles it would seem that the
improbable) there remains the necessity for climax in single track movement would
the consent 'of the operator at B before be reached. Such equipment would in-
the train can leave A. Thus it requires the elude, so it would seem, an operator on
united action of three men in order that duty at all times at each passing siding,
a train may proceed. sidings to be on the **lap" principle or
The conductor and engineman each re- something equally good and to be arranged
ceive a copy of the block card and they so as to facilitate meeting points to the
then have permission to run only to the highest degree. It would also include the
next telegraph office. They have, how- matter of freight train tonnage, making
ever, absolute right of track with no meet- trains light enough so they could maintain
ing points to remember, no time orders to reasonable speed over the division, thereby
keep in mind, no superior trains to look enabling the dispatcher to make close cal-
out for, nothing to do but run to the next culation as to how much time will be con-
station, sumed over a given distance. This is the
By this method the dispatcher can keep foundation of good dispatching in any sys-
close watch of trains, and as his instruc- tern and it is especially true in this for the
tions to operators may be given in a few reason that meeting points between pas-
seconds, he has time to plan for meeting* senger and freight trains must be positive,
points, which is sometimes impossible there being no time orders issued,
under the present method in which long Under present conditions the above gen-
and cumbersome train orders must be han- eral principles are necessarily modified so
died. The matter of handling extras, with that the system may accommodate itself
its great danger of failure to make all nee- to limited facilities. There are a number
essary meeting points, is settled once of sidings at which there is no telegraph
and for all. An extra, instead of office and when trains are to meet at one
running regardless of other extras un- of these points the block card issued to
til It gets orders to the contrary, each train at the last telegraph office mu?t
runs only to the next station and contain the exception that a certain train
must there get permission to go farther, a is to be met at such intermediate siding,
complete reversal of present practice. In Conductors and enginemen are instructed
starting an express train over the district to examine the block card closely to see
the dispatcher is not required to give it a what exceptions it may contain. This is,
half dozen or more orders to meet other of course, absolutely necessary, but the sys-
trains, to wait, run late, etc., as is now the tem would appear much nearer perfection
case, only to find later that the orders if such exceptions could be omitted by
should have been different, but, instead, he abolishing all blind sidings. Other excep-
need arrange for no meeting points until tions are permitted on certa/rTpQctii^l^f

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. ;93

the road and between certain trains where QUESTIONS.

a train may follow another into the block. igg^^if ^^ ^xtra with running orders

The dispatcher keeps a complete record ^^^^ ^ ^^ 2 has a meet order at X with

on his sheet of all movements authorized, ^^.^j^^ ^^ 3^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ proceeds to W.

including exceptions, so that there is no ^^j^j^ j^ ^ non-telegraph station, and there

necessity for anything corresponding to a ^^^^ j^^ ^^ g.^^ ^,^j^.j^ informs the extra

train order book. The tram sheet shows ^j^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ X to W, can the

plainly and comprehensively all informa- ^^^^^ p^^^^^^ ^^ X against 2nd 32 on the

tion of this kind. Each operator also keeps ^^^^^ ^^^^ j^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ 32 ^t X?"—

a similar record h>x\ a sheet provided for ^ y^

the purpose in his office.

Answer. — There might be a question

Provision is also made in the rules for whether 2nd 32 had the order and if it did
work trains, the authority to work being ^^^ j^ certainly would not be proper for
given by block cards as in the case of trams ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ j^^^^ ^ ^^^ij j^ 2.rv\xt± As
passing over the road. They may be m- ^^ ^^^^ frequentlv said, a condition of this
structed to protect against certam trams j^j„^ j^ ^^^ ^^^j^^fy j„ ^^^^^^ ^j^j^ ^j^^ j^^.
or to be clear at a certain time, as with the ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^j^^ ^^^ ^j^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^
usual method, these ^things being in the ^^^^ g^ ^^^^ ^^ ^j^^^j^ ^^ understand
form of "exceptions.*' that each train should be individually

An important feature of the equipment named in a train order. Of course Rule
of the road is telephone communication 218 says that when a train is mentioned
from each intermediate siding to the tele- by its schedule number alone all sections
graph office on each side of it by means of on that schedule are included, but we think
which the conductor of a train may obtain the provision was never meant to author-
orders for himself should it become nee- ize the use of the words, **No. 32," for in-
essary. It is also used by the conductor stance, to cover a number of sections when
of a train waiting to be passed to notify it is known that there are such. If the dis-
the operator in the rear that his train is patcher supposed that there was to be but
clear and to obtain permission from the one train on schedule No. 32 and gave an
operator in advance when the block is clear order such as is referred to it would not be
so he can proceed. When intermediate surprising if he sent only enough copies
sidings are a necessity the telephone does for one train. If it were decided afterward
much toward facilitating train movements, to run two sections it might easily happen

In case of wire trouble so that instruc- t^^^t the second section did not receive the
tions cannot be obtained from the dis- o»'<ier. We consider the order outside of
patcher operators are authorized to move ^he usual procedure and think you should
trains by arranging between themselves ask for instructions from your superior
providing they have no positive instructions o^^er. If he considers that Rule 218 au-
to hold the train desiring to be moved, thorizes the extra to proceed to the meet-
Should there be complete wire failure »"« PO»"t against the second section he is
there would, of course, be no means of »" a position to make a ruling to that effect,
proceeding except under protection of a ^"l^ss orders are issued strictly according
flag, but this possibility is remote and to the express intention of the rules we do
probably complete failure would extend "^t feel warranted in offering an explana-
but a short distance. Such possibility has ^'^^^ °* them.

but little weight as against the many ad- 187.— "No. 67, a local train, gets the foN
vantages of the system. It has been put to lowing order at Excelsior : 'No. 67 and
severe test on an exceedingly heavy divis- extra 95 west will meet at Excelsior and
ion and has thus far proven all that was No. 67 will take siding.' Before getting
hoped for it. Possibly some of our readers complete on the order the extra collides
can give more information about the "A. with No. 67 at the east end on the main
B. C." rules. If so, that is wh^t this de- track. Who was responsible? I claim
nartment is for. . extra 95 and the dispatcher are to blame

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794 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

as the extra should not get the order until issue a new one, mentioning the individual
No. 67 had received it." — J. M. P. sections. We consider this in harmony

Answer. — Such cases are usually pro- with the requirements of Rule 206 which
vided for by adding to the order the words, states that "regular trains will be desig-
"No. 67 gets this order at Excelsior." The nated in train orders by their numbers, as
extra should then understand to approach *No. 10' or '2nd No. 10.' "
the station carefully expecting to find the 189. — M am on work extra 793 and get
main track occupied. It would be well for the following order : *Work extra engine 793
the inferior train, however, to always ap- will work from 1:30 p. m. until 4:10 p. m.
proach such a meeting point with care, for between A and C and will meet No. 175
the reason that the rule with regard to the engine 746 at B.' I am doing work be-
siding is reversed by the order and there tween B and C coming to A when done
is always the possibility of misunderstand- work. The question is, when could 175
ing or oversight on the part of the other leave B." — G. B. K.

train. Both being freight trains this could Answer. — Unless there are some con-
probably be done with but little loss of ditions which are not described in the ques-
time. tion it seems plain that No. 175 could

188.— "We operate under Standard Code leave B when it saw work extra 793 at
train order rules and forms. Eastward that station. It should, of course, be care-
trains are superior under the time-table ful to see that the whole train was there,
note. All trains mentioned are assumed to including the markers, to indicate the rear
be of the same class. No. 2 runs from A end.

to H in the superior direction, eastward. 190. — "Engines 1 and 2 get an order to
No. 1 runs from* H to A in the inferior work extra between A and B and protect
direction, westward. Order No. 1 reads: against each other from 6 a. m. to 7 p. m.
*No. 1 will meet No. 2 at B.' Order No. Engine 1 arrives at B and has some work
2 reads, 'No. 1 will meet 1st No. 2 at C to do between B and C and gets work order to
instead of B.* Are the orders correct under work extra 2 p. m. to 7 :30 p. m. between
Standard Code? What action should the B and C. At 6 p. m. Engine 1 arrives at
trains concerned take? I think that Order B ready to go back to A, but the engineer
No. 1 is not superseded by order No. 2 on would not go on the old order, claiming
the grounds that train No. 2 mentioned in it had been superseded by the second order,
order No. 1 includes all sections of train Was he right or not? The first order was
No. 2, assuming that sections exist, and not annulled." — C. W. D.
order No. 2 makes mention of but one sec- Answer. — Orders are in effect until ful-
tion of train No. 2. I consider the order filled, superseded or annulled. The first
improper and contend that had the dis- work order was not affected in ehher of
patcher found it necessary to give train these ways. The only way an order can be
No. 1 orders to meet the sections of train superseded is by the use of the words "in-
No. 2 at another point or points, after the stead of" or by some special form of super-
issue of order No. 1, which made no men- sedure as, for instance, when a train rc-
tion of sections of No. 2, that the change ceives orders to display signals and then
should have been made by annulling order another to take them down. Two work or-
No. 1 and then making the meets where ders on different territory do not conflict
desired." — L. S. V. and may both be in effect af the same time.

Answer. — There is nothing absolutely There have been a few officers who have
contrary to the rules in the orders as quo- made a ruling in accordance with the un-
ted, but our opinion is that a method such derstanding of this engineer and while they
as you suggest would be more logical and have a perfect right to do this and instruct
preferable in every way. We have ex- their men accordingly, yet it is an arbi-
pressed this before and have urged dis- trary ruling and not warranted by the
patchers to annul the original order and Standard Code.

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Then U BO free Hat.

8«Bd all rwultUnoM for rabaeriptiont to the Onrnd Beontanr and TroMoror. Boo Beotion 80 Oonstltatlon. Grand
Lodgo.

Lottors for thU department mwt be written on one tide of fwper only, written with ink and mnat be at the olBoe
not later than the 12th of the month to inanre inaertion in the next nnmber.

All ohangoa of addreaa, oommnnioationa pertainlns to the Jonmal, eto.. ahonld be sent to the Editor. Do not aend
reeofationa.

When the Jonmal doea not reaoh yon. Immediately si^e na yonr name, oorreot addreaa and the nnmber of year
Lodge.

Trip Through Colorado.

I will say a few words about Denver, Colorado's
capital and most popular city. Denver stands on
an elevation nearly 6,200 feet above sea level. The
majestic mountains, sublime in their snow crowned
summits, environ her most romantically.

The city is cosmopolitan in its character. It
draws from everywhere by reason of its picturesque
situation and its healing climate.

In 1868 adventurous gold hunters pitched their
tents at the junction of Cherry Creek «nd the

Platte. From this small beginning sprung Den-
ver, "The Queen City of the Plains," with a pres-
ent population of over 200,000, the largest city
between the Missouri River and San Francisco
and destined to be one of -the most important cen-
ters of the American continent. Denver's City
Park comprises 320 acres artistically plotted. This
park, so beautifully kept, is Denver's most popular
place of rest and amusement. Two large lakes
afford boating parties delightful recreation during
the summer. Herds of deer and buffalo, also a
fine collection of other wild animals, which for-

PIKES PEAK. COLORADO. FROM THE MIDLAND RAILROAD.

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796 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ARAPAHOE PEAK. COLORADO.

nicrly habitated the Rocky Mountains and plains ing pavilion erected at this point for the accommo-

of Colorado, excite the interest of visitors. An dation of the many visitors who make this trip

appropriation of over $75,000 annually is expended each summer. The writer camped at Boulder, the

in maintaining this public pleasure ground. mouth of the canon, and retraced his steps the

We -left Denver on a trip to Cloudland via the next day as far as Sunset. Here we take another

Switzerland trail at 8:30 a. m. over the Colorado line called the Ward Connection. We wind the

& North Western Railway, via Boulder where we jiorth side of Boulder Canon through perpetual

strike the trail or Boulder Canon. We climb the snow until we reach a point 9,450 feet above sea

mountain gradually on either side of a swift run- level. Here we find a village of 300 inhabitants,

ning stream flowing down from the mountain called Ward Station. They have a large and

sides. This little engine pulling four cars slowly beautiful hotel, dry goods and grocery stores, and

pufTs along until we reach a small village at the all conveniences such a town would need. The

head of Boulder Canon, called Sunset, 7,800 feet chief industry is mining. The chief products arc

above sea level; here we take another course across gold, silver, copper and iron. The water is cold

the mountain sides, gradually ascending as we go as ice and clear as a crystal. All this beautiful

until a point is reached called Sugar Loaf. Here country is reached via the Colorado & Northwestern

we make a short turn and come back directly above railway. It being quite difficult to construct a

Sunset again where we are one and one-half miles railroad up this mountain, they, like many others,

higher than Sunset. We have covered six and established a narrow gauge line sixty miles in

three-quarters miles. We there reach a point on length, through the roost thrilling canons and

the mountain called Glazier Lake, situated 0,050 precipices in the Rocky Mountains. The scenery

feet above sea level. Here we find a beautiful is wonderful. Their equipment is good and rates

lake one-half mile long, 700 feet wide and ranging reasonable. A trip to Colorado is not complete

from two to thirty-five feet deep, the water as without a trip over the Colorado & Northwestern,

clear as a crystal and cold as ice and filled with the Switzerland trail or a trip through Cloudland.

various kinds of fish. This water is supplied The writer happened to see a running order from

from the melting snow above and comes trickling Glazier Lake to Boulder. It read as follows:
down the mountain sides into the lake. This lake "Boulder, Colo., June 26, '07.

is called Glazier Lake because the peaks are glazed "Train Order No. 4.

with eternal snow and ice. The surroundings are "Eng. 83 will run extra Glazier Lake to Boul-

rugged and covered with loose and rolling stones der. O. K. Coup. 3:04 p. ra.

and small burly pines and short shrubbery. The **C. M. W."

principal amusements are fishing and boat riding. Now this order was taken by Conductor Fox, of

There is a postoffice, depot and hotel, also a danc- Engine 33 over the telephone, The dispatcher

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

797

sends the order, the conductor repeats same back
to dispatcher, giving his name. Then complete is
given in the usual way. No Morse needed.
Fraternally yours,

K. M. Akbrs. No. 549.

Atlanta, Ga.

I notice that there is some discussion in late
numbers of the Journal, as to the advisability of
publishing photos of engines and crews, etc. I
fully agree with Brother Cease as to this matter,
that it is very inadvisable. Just look at it from
a business standpoint. Divide 91,000 men into
crews and we have something like 38,000 crews.
Now, suppose that even one thirty-third of these

on a committee do not just wait until meeting day
and then make a favorable report as some of you
are doing. Learn all you can about the subject
being investigated, and then don't hesitate to
make an unfavorable report if you doubt the de-
sirability of the applicant. My idea is that a man
who is not desirable for a member is one we don't
want to take in. And one who cannot join our
Brotherhood is undesirable to work with. There-
fore "cut" him socially and he will soon leave of
his own accord. Don't take him in to reform
him; it won't work.

720 and 302 have had several sad losses by
death l|tely and it is with extreme regret that I
do not see more brothers turn out to a funeral
and show proper respect for their memory and to
their families. It is a duty we owe and a very

LAS ANIMAS CANON. COLORADO.

• — - '--wi»».*fT:»^ .

crews send a picture each month. We have 1,000
which in one month is more than we could afford
to use in the Journal in one year.

I think the foreign matter published in the
Journal is very instructive, and I say keep it up.

As a brother from every lodge in the United
States and Canada was in Atlanta at the conven-
tion I will not take up time to speak of it more
than to say that our convention made a better im-
pression on the people of Atlanta than even the
most sanguine among us dared to hope, and its
effect among the barefoots has been marvelous.
Every meeting day of our two local lodges sees
one to six to ride the goat and as many new ap-
plications. I am glad to note that the age limit
for applicants has been cut down, but at the same
time I think we should be more careful as to
who we take in. Our committees do not, in nine
cases out of ten, make a thorough enough inves-
tigation before reporting. When you are appointed

8—1

simple thing. This applies to local conditions, but
I fear it also applies to a great many other lodges
and places.

Although we are sweltering in heat here at
present and business is very dull, still encouraging
reports reach us from all over the state of the
rapid growth of the Brotherhood. News comes
from Fitzgerald, Ga., that a charter has been ap-
plied for on the new A. B. & A. road building
from the Atlantic seacoast to Birmingham via At-
lanta. That's right, boys. Build up with the road.

While business here is dull just at present, a
little later on there will be more work than men.
During the fall and winter there is always a job
for a "trainman" that is a "stinger."

The State Legislature here is just about to pass
a total prohibition bill, as regards whiskey and
"booze" of all kinds. The Senate has already
passed the bill by a vote of 84 to 7 and it is now
up to the House, which we understand is largely

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prohibition. The Governor is also pledged to the
bill, so all ye thirsty boozers needn't come around.
It is needless to say that our lodges have nothing
to do with this bill, but at the same time I con-
sider it a Godsend to us, and only wish that every
brother could see it in the same light. Brothers,
fight the curse and shun it as you would a scab.
Remember our motto. Try to live up to it.

G. H. GuiN,
Member Lodge 720.

There has been some little argument over the
question mentioned in the letter from Brother
Guin, and it is our intention to discontinue^ it with
this latest comment.

We used to publish photographs of road and
yard crews, but our membership is so large, and
there were so many demands made on the Journal
for space for copy of this kind that it was impos-

gained ground, in some localities, that the Journal
itself had the photographer engaged for that pur-
pose.

The whole proceeding was embarrassing, and
was the cause of greater complaint than anything
that we have ever handled in connection with the
Journal.

The death and disability list of the Brotherhood
is very heavy each month. It used to be the
practice, when the organization had a few thou-
sand members, to publish resolutions on the death
of the brothers, and to give some attention to
local incidents. As the organization increased, it
was found impossible to do this, and, at the pres-
ent time, with our deaths and disabilities running
over one hundred per month, the impossibility of
publishing resolutions, notices of accidents and
the like, is apparent to those who will take the
time to think it over.

NEAR MT. ALTO PARK, COLORADO. COLORADO AND NORTH WESTERN.

sible to meet it. The result was that photographs
accumulated until it was absolutely impossible to
take care of them. This resulted in our members
accusing the Journal of favoritism, claiming that
other photographs were given preference, while
their own were "side-tracked."

This, of course, was not true, but it was diffi-
cult to make our members understand that every-
thing received could not be used immediately. It
was, therefore, decided that the proper thing to
do would be to suspend publication of copy of this
kind. When it was done, there were on hand in
the neighborhood of five hundred photographs.

Again, we found that there were certain per-
sons who were soliciting photographic business, by
saying that if each member of a crew would pur-
chase a photograph, one would be sent to the
Journal free, for publication, and the impression

Because all the demands made could not be
complied with, and as we desired to be fair to
everyone, it was decided to discontinue copy of
this kind. Each of the instances mentioned are of
importance only from a local point of view. It
is not a matter of interest to the lodges in one
locality to know that some one of our brothers
has died in another, and resolutions of regret
would not be noticed except by a very few of those
directly interested. One resolution, with all of
the names attached, would answer the purpose just
as well.

The average reader does not make a distinction
between a monthly publication, covering a large
territory, and a daily paper, covering a limited
territory. The daily paper is local in character,
and can give its full attention to the details of
local affairs. A publication, general in its circula-

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799

tion, cannot give its attention to local aflfairt* and
if it does it will fall far short in general interest.

These questions have been before the organixa*
tton for very many years, and conventions have
decided that the policy of the Jothihal was proper,
and should be followed in the future. The Joubnal
dislikes very much to be compelled to refuse the
request of any member of the organisation, or of
any one of its readers, but the impossibility of
meeting all of these demands has made it com-
pulsory with us to decline to accept anything un-
less it is of general interest to the organization.

It is not pleasant to have to deny our members
any of their requests, and we trust they will ap-
preciate the position of the Joushal in this mat-
ter, and not consider it arbitrary, or uncalled for,
but rather regard it, as it really is, a matter of
necessity. D. L. Csasb.

to the organisation, that is thought to be a proper
subject for debate, in which our organization will
be interested, or, in fact, anything that is out ot
the ordinary tine in local affairs even, will be
gladly received by the JauiMAL and used to its
best advantage.

We, therefore, request that our members will
please not send us photographs of train and yard
crews, resolutions, or notes of purely local af-
fairs, that are of no interest to the organisation in
general, but send us everything else.

Every Member A Journal Agent.

The Journal has discovered that very many
members of the organization are -under the im-
pression that they cannot act as agento for the
Journal, unless they have been duly elected as
such. Officers of subordinate lodges are under
the impression that the law forbids them from
sending any information to the Journal, or from
keeping it advised on matters that are of impor-
tance both to the organization and to the
Journal.

These are mistaken impressions. The JoumNAL
Agent is expected to do the subscription work for
the organization, but, at the same time, every
member of the organisation has the right and is re*
quested to secure all of the subscriptions for the
Journal he possibly can, and we trust that every
member will do what he can to further its sub-
scription interests.

Each member of the organization will please
bear in mind that it is not the duty of the Journal
Agent to give us the changes of address for the
members. That duty is now up to the member
himself, and if he does not receive the Journal
and does not advise the Journal office, the fault
will be purely his own, and that of no one else.

The reason this change in the law was made
was because we felt if the member did not have
interest enough to give us his change of address, it
was unfair for him to impose that duty on some one
else. Again, we had every reason to believe that
Journal Agents did not give us the desired in-
formation, while the members were under the
impression that it had been sent. This naturally
caused a great deal of fault finding, and it was
thought better to place the matter in the hands
of each member for himself.

The law does not forbid an officer, or member,
from giving us any information. It takes away
the necessity for the Journal Agent standing re-
sponsible for certain duties. It is to be hoped
that every member of the organization will lend
his influence, and do what he can to make the
Journal interesting to every reader who receives
it

If there is anything that will be of information

Springfield, Ohio.

Good news should always be welcome. No.
573 can surely produce that part for our Journal,
if a progressive and a healthy increase of our
membership will so proclaim. We are surely in
it. To my recollection, some time back, it was
almost a matter of joy to admit one or two at a
meeting and a very significant matter to get
enough to form a quorum. Now we have to make
room and prepare for 8 or 10 at almost all our
regular meetings. Let me tell you why. For some
years our lodge was composed of D. T. & I. men
almost entirely and our Big Four men were not
encouraged to come to our way of seeing things,
as they were led to believe that it was a private
party, but, thanks to such men as Brother
Feaser, Brother Williams and several more of
their stamp and pluck, the private wall was
broken down and from a membership of about 66
— ^according to collector's report last night — we
number 184 in good standing and at the secre-
tary's desk last night were eight more applica-
tions. Let me assure our lodges that the 100,000
mark is visible to us if we all do likewise. Our
lodge is very much pleased with reducing the
time of service to six months instead of one
year, for a man's deportment, reputation and
character can be discovered in that time as well
as in a year after.

A brother working in the Big Four yards was
taken sick and had to be taken to our city hos-
pital for an operation. He was not prepared for
the expense for such a large amount, but we did
not forget our fraternal obligation, and No. 678
to a man voted to not only look after the afflicted
brother financially, but each one to make it a
personal matter to look after his comfort and
welfare. Fraternally yours,

Pbtbr Fleming, No. 678.

Des Moines, la.

I know of no more opportune time to discuss
a new plan of representation at our conventions
than the present I think every member of the
Brotherhood will agree with me when I say, that
one hundred thousand dollars is too much money
to take out of the pockets of labor for the purpose
of electing officers every two years, for that i^
about all that is accomplished at our conventions^

I woukl suggest th« following plan fgr CQMtder^

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800 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ARTICLE I. plan that it an improrement on our present plan

Section 1. All powera delegated by the con- M>d a financial saving to the members,
stitution not conflicting with changes herein made Do you think our present system of insurance is
remain in effect. '^^^ ^^^^ Smith, aged 21 years, pays the same

premium on a Class C policy that Thomaa Brown,
ARTICLE II. ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^, y^^ ^j^ former's expectancy of life

Section 1. Beginning with the first meeting in j, £^ greater than the latter's. As far as disabUi-
December, 1909. each lodge of the Brotherhood ^y j, concerned they would perhaps be considered
will elect one member who shall be known as the ^^^^i^ j^ gimiiar occupations. Don't you know
local delegate and who shall represent his lodge in ^i^^^ j^^^ Smith is paying more than he should
a state convention which shall meet at some desig- ^^^ Thomas Brown less than he should? Or in
nated city within the borders of each state, ^ther words. John Smith is carrying part of Thom-
province or territory, during the following Au- ^^ Brown's risk. Again, WUlUm Jones, a pas-
gust, at a call from the Grand Master at least one ^^g^ conductor, carries a Qass B policy and pays
month before the date of meeting of said sUte ^|,^ ^^^^ premium that James White, a freight
convention. brakeman. does on a Class B policy. Can't you

Sec. 2. That the Grand Master be empowered see that this is wrong?
to appoint the first SUte Secretary for every I will propose that the Columbus conventton
sUte, province or territory, and also a committee appropriate two thousand dollars, if necessary,
of three, whose duties shall be to select and pre- with which to employ a competent actuary and
pare a place of meeting in said dty in which to necessary clerks, to find out where we are drift-
hold the state convention. ing and to place us on a scientific basis, for it is
Sec. «. The duties of the State SecreUry shall cerUinly patent to all that we must get away from
be to notify delegates of the date of the sUte con- our present unsystematic plan or soon become in-
vention and such other duties as belong to such solvent.

ofiice of similar bodies. Now Brothers^ let us hear from you through the

Sec. 4. The purpose of the state convention columns of the Journal, in a fraternal spirit. Let
shall be to elect, by a majority vote of all dele- us face the crisis before it is too late. Greater
gates present, one state delegate to attend the corporate bodies than the Brotherhood of Railroad
Biennial. Triennial or Quadrennial Convention of Trainmen are calling for retrenchment and more
the Grand Lodge as may be determined at the scientific methods and why shouldn't we?
Columbus convention held in the dty of Columbus, N. B. Portbr. No. 002.

Ohio, in 1909.

Sec. 6. The number of delegates elected. *» ... -» ^..t^ t*

above provided, shall be one delegate for every A Novel USC FOF Old Ferry BoatS.
two thousand members or fraction thereof for each ^~"

sUte, province or territory. The old Staten Island ferry boat Southfield has

Sec. 6. Any person may be elected a delegate »>««« cleaned up and moored at the dodt at the
to the Grand Lodge who is a member in good foot of West 6th street on the North River, where
sUnding during the term for which he is elected »t » now being used as a day camp for con-
a delegate to the Grand Lodge and who has been sumptives. With a trained nurse in charge, a reg-
a member in the sUte from which he was elected «»»«■ visiting sUff of physicians, an abundance
for a period of six months, and of the organixaHon of milk and eggs and steamer chairs and ham-
two years prior to his election as delegate to the mocks in which to sit out of doors and watch
Grand Lodge. *^* passing river craft, fifty men and wamen are

Sec. 7. The cost of sending local delegates to Iceeping cool and getting back their health and
the state convention shall be borne by an equal strength.

assessment on all members in the state and shall The boat was put at the disposal of the com-
not exceed five dollars per day and two cents mittee on the Prevention of Tuberculosis of the
per mile for each mile going and returning by the Charity Organization Sodety by Commissioner
shortest direct route. John A. Bensel of the Department of Docks and

Sec. 8. The time for whidi a delegate shall be Ferries. Since the department has been operating
elected to the Grand Lodge shall include two reg- its new boats on the Staten Island ferry the
ular conventions of the Grand Lodge, unless re- Southfield has not been running and the commis-
called as hereinafter provided. sioner. therefore, was able to give his hearty sup-

Sec. 9. Any member having been elected a dele- port to the plan that was put before him to per-
gate to the convention of the Grand Lodge may mit the boat to be used as a day camp under the
be recalled by a two-thirds vote of his state, after strict medical supervision of the tuberculosis
charges, as per constitution, have been properly committee and at the committee's expense. The
filed against him. boat was thoroughly cleaned, toilet rooms, a

Now, brothers, I have proposed a subject that stove and an ice chest were put in, several docen
is of vit^ interest and which must be an issue steamer chairs and a few cots were bought, a
sooner or later. Think this matter over seriously, trained nurse was engaged and then the camp
discuss it in every lodge meeting, and on the road, was ready for patients. These patients are sent
on street comers, any place where you can get an to the boat after being examined and passed by
audience. Never rest until we have evolved a the physicians in charge of the..^L8S0ciated| Tobcr^

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801

culosis Dispensaries to which any one desiring
this treatment may go for this purpose. After ex-
amination, if the applicant proves to he able to
be up and around and is not running a tempera-
ture, a card of admission to the boat is given and
thereafter each day the patient goes through the
regular routine beginning with the taking of tem-
peratures and weighing at 9 o'clock in the morn-
ing and ending at 6 o'clock in the afternoon when
all go to their home except a few men patients
who stay all night. Fresh milk and eggs are given
in abtmdance, each patient taking from three to
eight eggs and from three to eight glasses of milk
daily, other food« except bread and butter, hot
tea or coffee and a cooked egg, which are given
out at noon, being brought by the patients
themselves. Once each week the committee in
charge meets on the boat« the medical members
of this committee serving each two weeks in turn
as visiting physicians. In speaking about the
boat a member of the committee said: "A good
many people realize now that fresh air and medi-
cal oversight are needed to cure tuberculosis, but
in a long, narrow, congested place like the island
of Manhattan how is this fresh air to be had?
There are not parks enough to go round and
daily trips to the great open spaces in the Bronx
are out of the question for the ordinary sick
consumptive, who can't take the time and the
money to do this. We looked into this matter
carefully, some time ago, several good sites hav-
ing been very generously offered to us, but we
considered them too far from our base of supply,
the crowded tenements where tuberculosis is
bred. Then some old buildings that the city had
condemned were about to be put at our disposal,
but we could not get any assurance but that we
might be put out right after putting in improve-
ments extensive enough to be expensive to us
with our limited resources and so we had to
give up that idea. We then thought of the water
front and found a mighty helpful ally in Com-
missioner Bensel and it was due to, his interest
and broad view of things that we now have our
camp in full swing aboard the good boat South-
field. It was something of a job to clean her up
and fix things as we needed them, but it was
well worth while. If any one doubts it, let him
go down and see for himself. The patients are
putting on pounds and the color is coming back
in whitened cheeks in a most wonderful manner.
Now and then a good friend sends us some fruit,
magazines or flowers and with these and the
extra diet and good fresh air our patients are
getting along famously. There's an idea in all
this, too, that's worth giving a good deal of
thought to. With all our talk about the impos-
sibility of getting fresh air in our tenement dis-
tricts, and there is no doubt but what that is all
too true, have we not the means ready at hand in
our large water front or on our bay to provide
resting places where our 40.000 consumptives and
our thousands of others needing fresh air can
get this absolute essential to cure?"

Paul Ksnnsdy, Sec'y,
Charity Organization Society.

Legislative Board Of Texas.

The report of the Joint Legislative Board of
Texas is before us and it presents a splendid list
of achievements for the time this board was in
session. It is among the most creditable reports
of the kind that have ever come to our attention
and reflects great credit on the members.

We quote from it as follows:

The Thirtieth Legislature passed more laws
beneficial to labor than ^ny previous legislature
in the history of Texas. A brief summary of
these laws follows.

Mine inspection law.

Full train crew law.

Electric headlight law.

Anti-blacklist law.

Employes contract law.

Sixteen-hour law for railroad employes.

Eight-hour law for railroad telegraphers.

Barbers' license and inspection law.

Constitutional amendment for the creation of
a bureau of labor.

Extension of benefits of uniform text-books to
cities above 10,000 population, which were ex-
empt under previous law.

Amendment to anti-free pass law exempting
railroad employes.

A law limiting the granting of injunctions.

For the first time in the history of the Joint
Board we are not called upon to report anything
under the head of "Measures Hostile to Labor,"
for none such were introduced this session.

The legislature also passed an anti-lobby bill,
aimed at correcting abuses against which the
people have long complained. While the members
of your Joint Legislative Board are commonly
called "lobbyists," it was not at us or our kind
that this bill was aimed. In effect the new law
makes it a crime to seek to influence a member
of the legislature by any other means than
through "appeals to his reason," and as we never
seek to influence them in any other way, the new
law will not affect us. For the information of
our members, however, we print a copy of the
law on another page of this report

Largely due to the efforts of organized labor,
the uniform text-book law, passed by this legisla-
ture has been made to apply to all the state.
Heretofore cities and towns of 10,000 population
and upward have been exempted from the text-
book law. If uniform text-books are good for
the people who live in the country and in small
towns and cities, they should be equally good
for those who live in the larger cities. Thus
viewing the matter, we sought to have its bene-
fits extended to all the people, and trust that
the laboring men in the larger cities will profit
by it through cheaper books, and less frequent
changes.

We also sotight to have the law express a
preference for books printed in Texas, thus tend-
ing to build UP the printing industry in the
Btete^ wMch would mean more employment for
labor and an added volume of business. This

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802 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

amendment was adopted by the house but was when recovered as aforesaid, shall be paid into

stricken out by the free conference committee. the public school funds of the state of Tecai.

It should be a matter of pride to the union Sec. 6. Owing to the crowded condition of the
men of Texas that our Joint Labor Legislative calendar, the near approach of the end of the
Board is regarded as a model by our brothers session and the necessity f«r a law providing for
in other states and is being extensively copied an eight hour day for railroad telegraphers,
and patterned after. Texas has been the first creates an emergency and an imperative public
sUte in the Union in which all branches of labor necessity, requiring the constitutional rule re-
have united on a legislative program and where quiring bills to be read on three several days m
representatives of union labor and union farmers each House be suspended, and that this bill take
have actively coK>perated in aiding each other. effect and be in force from and after ito passage,

EIGHT HOUR TELEGRAPHERS' BILL. •**** ** ^ "^ *"'^'^-

AN ACT. FULL CREW LAW.

To provide for an eighthour day for railroad H. B. No. 80. By Robertson of Bell and Moore,
telegraph or telephone operators, and providing ^^ ACT.

penalties for the violation thereof, and declar- _ ^ . .u i- j _* r *i. * i- -

: To protect the lives and property of the traveling

ing an emergency. "1,. , ,. t t\u -i j •

public and the employes of the railroads in
Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of ^^^ State of Texas.

***• Be it enacted by the Legislature of the Sute of

Section 1. That it Shall be unlawful for any Texas:

person, corporation or association operating a _ ^. , «»..... i, t t c i «

1 J '.tV ^. . ^. ^ .* * 1 V Section 1. That it shall be unlawful for any

railroad within this state to permit any telegraph .,j j-v* ..u***

^ . , ^ . ^..u^t railroad company doing business in the state of

or telephone operator who spaces trains by the _ ^ •. j ^ * -^ j

/ ^ , . * 1 u J u *. •- Texas to run over its road, or part of its road

use of telegraph or telephone under what is ., , . j i- •* . •

I J ^ J unt il e * M j^c J — outside of the yard limits, any passenger tram

known and termed "Block System," defined «s . . . . r n - ^

-,, „ ^. ^ . ^ ^. -. with less than a full passenger crew, consisting

follows: Reporting trains to another office or , . . /.

-. .^•j.^.L *• oi four persons, one engineer, one fireman, one

ofiices or to a train dispatcher operating one or . . . u i

^ . . • 1 J a. 1 1. * t^ conductor and one brakeman.

more trains under signals, and telegraph or tele- _ « ,^ . « u i r i ^ m j

. , . ^ . I * • : 1 1 • Sec. 2. It shall be unlawful for any railroad

phone levermen who manipulate interlocking ma- , . , . . ,. , ^ , «,

. . M J J • * »; * company doing business m the state of Texas to

chines m railroad yards or on mam tracks out ' •. j ^ ^ -^ j ^ -j *u

^. ,. '. .. * , .* u - fun over its road, or part of its road, outside the

on the Imes connecting sidetracks or switches, or .... , . .^ ^ . , . .

,.,.,. ••* t. J*- u yard limits, any freight train, gravel tram, or

tram dispatchers m its service whose duties sub- * ^ .... ..*; , .t. r «

^ .... . • u * .. f .t- _*•.*!. construction train with less than a full crew con-

stantially as hereinbefore set forth pertain to the . .. ^ i. i.

\ ^ ^ . .^ M sisting of five persons, one engineer, one fire-
movement of cars, engines or trains on its rail- • . •' j . * ,

j.^. r.LAi u Aiu^ «»•«» one conductor and two brakemen.

roads by the use of the telegraph or telephone « • t. i.^'ii v t ^ i * m j

.. ' . . .. r • • • Sec. 8. It shall be unlawful for any railroad

m dispatching or reporting trains or receiving . . . . ... . * r r-

, .,^. ... . . * J J *u' company doing business in the state of Texas,

or transmitting tram orders as interpreted in this ^ .* . _ * •. j . -j

^ . J . * .u * u^ u ^ ^o run over its road or part of its road outside

section, to be on duty for more than eight hours . . , ,. . *,. , ^ . . . ^

' ^ - .. t. 'J J of the yard limits, any light engine without a

in any twenty-four consecutive hours; provided , ,, ^ . . ./. * ..

^. ^ ' . . * ^L" A . 1. 11 ..1 •- full tram crew, consisitmg of three persons, one

that the provisions of ihis Act shall not apply to . ' **. *! ^ '

., j*^, . .iL . .* engineer, one fireman, and one conductor; pro-
railroad telegraph or telephone operators at sta- . T j .i. . .t.. • .t.- a . i. « «. L j
. •. . *^. , "^ ^ , vided that nothing m this Act shall be construed
tions where the services of only one operator is , . , JT r j. u-i-.„ *

. . as applying in the case of disability of one or

more of any train crew while out on the road

Sec. 2. And be it enacted that any person. i>etween division terminals, or to switching crews

corporation or as«)ciation that shall vioUte Sec- {„ ^^^ge of yard engines or which may be re-

tion 1 of this Act shall pay a fine of one hun- q^j^^ ^^ ^^^ j^ains out of the yard limits,

dred dollars for each vioUtion of this Act. gee. 4. Any railroad company doing business

Sec. 8. It shall be unlawful for any railroad in the state of Texas, which shall violate any of

telegraph or telephone operator to work more the provisions of this Act, shall be liable to the

than eight hours in twenty-four consecutive hours state of Texas for a penalty of not less than

at such occupation, and any such operator violat- $100 or more than $1,000 for each offense, and

ing this section, shall pay a fine in any sum not such penalty shall be recovered and suit

less than twenty-five dollars nor more than one brought in the name of the state of

hundred dollars; provided that in case of an Texas, in a court of proper jurisdiction in

emergency, any operator may remain on duty for Travis county, Texas, or in any county in or

an additional two hours. through which such line of railroad may run, by

Sec. 4. And be it enacted that the fine men- the attorney general, or under his direction, or

tioned in Section 2 of this Act shall be recov- by the county or district attorney in any county,

ered by an action of debt in the name of the in or through which such line of railroad may

kiAtr of Texas, for the use of the sUte, who shall be operated, and such suits shall be subject to

sue for it against s>tch person, corporation or as- the provisions of Article 4677, Revised Statutes

sociation violating thi* Act, said suit to be insti- of the stote of Texas.

tuted in any court in this state having appro- The fact that there are no adequate laws for

priate jurisdiction. the protection of a large portion of our dtieens.

Sec 5. And be it enacted that the said fine, employed by railroad companies and passengers

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 803

riding on railway trains, creates an emergency trict attorney of any county or judicial district
and an imperative public necessity requiring the into or through which said railroad may pass,
suspension of the constitutional rule which re- and such attorney bringing any action under this
quires bills to be read on three several days in act shall be entitled to a compensation of one-
each House and the rule is hereby suspended and third of the total amount of penalties recovered,
that this Act take effect and be in force from Sec 4. Any officer, agent or representative of
and after its passage and it is so enacted. any corporation or receiver operating any line
SIXTEEN HOUR LAW ^^ railroad, in whole or in part within this state.

who shall violate any of the provisions of thit

Be it enacted by the Legishiture of the State of ^^ g,,^,, y^ p«„i^cd by a fine of not less than

**^'*** one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred

Section 1. It shall hereafter be unlawful for j^„,„ j^, ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ y^^ confinement in

any corporation or receiver operating any Une j,,^ ^„„jy j^j, f^^ ^^^ ,^, ^j,,„ ^^„ ^^^ ^^^^

of railroad, in whole or in part in this state, or ^^an sixty days, or by both such fine and im-

any officer, agent or representative of such cor- prjgonment, and such person so offending may

poration, or receiver, to require or knowingly y^ prosecuted under this section, either in the

permit any conductor, engineer, fireman, brake- ^.^unty where such person may be at the time

man, train dispatcher or telegraph operator who ^f j,,^ commission of the offense or in any county

has been on duty for fourteen consecutive hours ^j^^^^ g„^,^ employe has been permitted or re-

to perform any work until he has had at least ^^j^^^ j^ ^^^y^ .„ violation of this Act.

eight hours off duty, except in cases where such gee 6. The fact that there is now no ade-

fourteen hours expiret while a train is between ^^^^ ^^ ^^ prevent railroad employes from be-

stations or at a stotion where there arc no j^^ required and permitted to work for more

facilities for sidetracking such train, in either of ^^an fourteen consecutive hours without rest,

which events the conductor, engineer, fireman or ^^^ j^j^j -^ j^ extremely dangerous to the travel-

brakeman, or all of them, may be permitted to j^^ p^yj^.^ ^ ^^„ „ ^^ ^,,^ property rights of

proceed with such train to the first station where j,,^ citizens of this state, that trains should be

such facilities can be had. but no further; pro- operated by men who have been on duty for

vided. however, that in case said fourteen hours ^^^^ ^^an fourteen consecutive hours without

shall expire when a train is within twenty miles ^^^^ ^^eates an emergency and an imperative

of a terminal toward which it is going, or within p^,,,!^ necessity that the constitutional rule re-

twenty miles of its destination, the aforementioned quiring bills to be read on three several days be

employes operating such train may be permitted suspended, and that this Act take effect from

to proceed to such terminal or destinaHon, but ^^^ ^^^^ j^g paggagc, and it is so enacted.

in such case shall not be required or permitted

to do any switching or other work which would

in any manner retard them in speedily reaching GreCDSborO, N, C,

such terminal or destination; provided further,

that this Act shall not apply in the case of Tar Heel Lodge No. 504 is keeping her goat

casualty upon such railroad, directly affecting busy initiating the '*nons'* and all of the boys are

such employe, nor shall it apply to sleeping car wide awake, with the exception of the chronic

companies. kickers, who take up all their time criticizing the

Sec. 2. It shall hereafter be unlawful for any officers of the lodge, instead of working for its

corporation or receiver operating any line of advancement. We have 118 members in good

railway, in whole or in part in this state, or any standing and all of the "nons*' coming in just as

officer, agent or representative of such corporation, soon as they get old enough, and that's all the

or receiver, to require or knowingly permit any trouble we have h*ere. They want to come in

conductor, engineer, fireman, brakeman, train before they get old enough. Brothers that have

dispatcher or telegraph operator who has been on not been attending lodge should wake up and

duty for fourteen consecutive hours, and who come every meeting night. Don't stay away until

has gone off duty, to again go on duty or per- you have a grievance to handle or when you have

form any work for such corporation or receiver something you want to bring up before the lodge,

until he has had at least eight hours off duty. You know the lodge needs your presence. You

Sec. 3. Any corporation or receiver operating should always come, for the life of the lodge de-

a line of railroad, in whole or in part within pends upon its members; you should work at all

this state, who shall violate any of the provisions times for its advancement, and be willing to do

of this Act shall be liable to the state of Texas something besides keep in good standing. You

in a penalty of not less than two hundred dollars don't know what you are missing by staying away,

nor more thsin one thousand dollars for each There is always something that will interest you.

offense, and such penalties shall be recoverable. Don't stay away when you are right in sight of

and suit therefor shall be brought in the name the lodge room, sitting around the yard master's

of the state of Texas in any court having juris- office, and when the lodge adjourns ask some one

diction of the amount in Travis county, Texas. "What did you all do tonight, and how many

or in any county into or through which said rail* did you initiate?" Don't go off to the park or

road may pass. Such suit or suits may be theatre, and when some brother gives you a

brought either by the attorney general or under "jacking up" get mad. If you had the proper

his direction, or by the county attorney or dis- interest in our grand order you should have, you

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804 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

will always be one of the first to be at the 184 6.00 814 10.00

lodge. Yes. let us all put our shoulders to the 187 6.00 816 5.00

wheel and help procure the 100,000 by the first 146 1.00 820 2.00

of the year, and I know if we will all get down 162 6.00 821 6.00

to business we can, and when our work is com- 164 6.00 880 2.00

plctcd the victory will be ours. 168 6.00 888 6.00

Fraternally yours, 106 6.00 846 10.00

W. O. RkitzBL, 171 6.00 849 6.00

Master No. 694. 178 6.00 852 5.00

191 10.00 868 2-00

199 1.00 861 2.50

The Home. 206 2.00 802 2.00

Highland Park, III., Aug. 2. 1907. j^^t^i $258.00

The following donations have been received at
the Home for the month of July: Summary.

B. R. T. Lodges. O. R. C. Divisions $ 625.10

7 $5.00 884 $6.00 B. R. T. Lodges 489.90

35 15.00 898 10.00 B. L. E. Divisions 765.25

36 8.00 408 15.00 B. L. F. & E Lodges 228.10

42 8.00 426 6.00 L. A. C. Divisions 120,50

45 6.00 461 2.00 L. A. T. Lodges 258.00

47 12.00 468 5.00 G. L A. Divbions 141.50

68* . ... 12.00 476 4.00 L. S. to F. & E. Lodges 149.60

^77 19.20 Ja»n«« Costello, No. 270, O. R. C 1.00

478...!.!...!.!. lo!oo Alfred S. Lunt, No. 456, B. R. T 1.00

5.00 Interest in bank at Cleveland, Ohio.... 180.00

79 6.00

82 8.00

92 10.00 481

10.00

50J 3 00 Councilnun and members. No. 88, L. A.

97 4.00 604 6.00

T 8.50

110 2.00 626 12.00 Members of No. 662, B. L. F. & E. and

^.g jj QQ 53J 7 20 their friends of Prescott, Arizona. . . . 97.00

J jj. 25 00 660 6.00 Employes Illinois Central Suburban Ser-

ISs!!! !!!!!!!!!! 12!oO 552!!!!!!!!!!!!! 6.00 ^'<^' through Brother W. H. Gerry.. 20.00

141 5 00 556 26.00 I*«'oc««<I« of a picnic given at the Home

i5o!!!!!!!!!!!!! 5.00 574.! 6.00 by no. 1, g. l a 20.00

Brother F. A. Edwards, No. 619, B. L.

E 1.00

175 12.00

177 10.00

179 6.00

200 10.00 608 10.00 '^^^^^ $8,041.85

221 10.00 630 6.00 Respectfully submitted.

666

26.00

574

6.00

676

6.00

677

6.00

579

6.00

608

10.00

630

6.00

684

2.00

686

6.00

696

5.00

780

6.00

743

6.50

749

5.00

753*.

6.00

224 2.00 684 2.00 John O'Keefe.

307 6.00 686 5.00 SecreUry and Treasurer.

810 6.00

311 10.00

3<o 500 743 6.50 Columbus, Ohio.

372 5.00 '*'" "*''

380 6.00 753 6.00 Apropos of the next convention coming to our

383 3.00 city, our delegates to Atlanta cannot be com-

Total $439.90 pHmented too highly on their wisdom and fore-

L. A. T. Lodges. *»8**^ »" selecting a city so centrally located as

7 $2.00 210 $10.00 Columbus.

10 2.00 211 2.00 The choice of the Buckeye capital for our next

13 5.00 225 9.00 convention will mean the saving of thousands of

16 5.00 226 5.00 dollars to the Brotherhood, and in a great many

17 14.00 228 5.00 instances a long and tiresome journey to our

IS 10.00 241 5.00 brothers and their families. And, when you

2.'» 5.00 244 1.00 think it over, why would not Columbus make a

31 3.00 249 6.00 good permanent convention city. It is a thor-

48 2.00 268 2.00 oughly up-to-date town, with a population of

50 2.50 260 6.00 whole-souled hospitable people. It has one of

70 5.00 264 6.00 the best convention halls in the country, plenty

72 . ., 5.00 267 1.00 of good parks and other places of amusement,

93 2.00 275 2.00 hotels that can't be beat anywhere, and last, but

107 1.00 286 2.00 by no means least, hosts of the fairest ladies in

110 6.00 288 6.00 the land. The people here are energetic to a

129 10.00 298 6.00 degree, and will, I am confident, go the limit

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 805

to give the B. of R. T. a welcome which they will suitable to the means of a dwarfed and all but

not soon forget. bankrupt organization, here today and gone to-

Columbus as a convention dty will unques- morrow, and which, during its short life blows

tionably give a good account of herself to the hot air through a tin horn and tries to dazzle its

B. of R. T. in 1909, and our delegates to that eyes and dull the senses of the railroad world,

convention will, we hope, settle on our city as a and to make the world at large believe it is lis-

permanent convention point. tening to something that is worth while.

We have two up-to-date lodges here, Nos. 628 Thos. P. Red,

and 176, and between the two we hope to have Lodge No. 175.

everything complete and in good shape to wel- ■■

come the thousands of brothers, sisters .and d ui* i> ■ xt

friends who will be the guests of our city. rUDllC ReSOlUtlOn No. 46.

And, now, just a few words to the Journal '

readers on a subject of which I have written J^int Resolution directing the Interstate Com-

before, and which I had promised myself would ^^^^ Commission to investigate and report

not again be touched upon by me. Since, In a <>« Wock signal systems and appliances

general way, it is decidedly unworthy the time and ^<>' **»« automatic control of railway

attention of any self-respecting Brotherhood trains.

nun. However, events have occurred before Resolved by the Senate and House of Repre-

which have shaken the strongest resolutions. Just sentatives of the United States of America in

as this last move on the part of the S. U. in this Congress assembied, That the IntersUte Com-

city (and possibly others) has shaken mine. merce Commission be, and it is hereby, directed

The old saying that "desperate cases require to investigate and report on the use of and neces-

desperate remedies," surely applies to the ''Big sity for block signal systems and appliances for

Jim'* aggregation here, for lately they have shown the automatic control of railway trains in the

their utter lack of self respect and business tact United States. For this purpose the commission

by selecting some of the youngest and least ex* is authorized to employ persons who are familiar

perienced of our members in yard service and with the subject, and may use such of its own

oflFering to pay their initiation fee and a month's employes as are necessary to make a thorough

dues if they would drop the B. of R. T. and go ezaminativ \ into the matter,

into the S. U. It is needless to say, however. In trans.^ Jtting its report to the Congress the

that they have not made any converts from our commission shall recommend such legislation as

ranks, as this very unbusinesslike proposition to the commission seems advisable,

docs not appeal to the good sense and judgment To carry out and give effect to the provisions

of any right thinking man. On the contrary, it of this resolution the commission shall have

shows up in the strongest possible Kght the weak- power to issue subpoenas, administer oaths, ex-

ness of their claim to successfully represent yard amine witnesses, require the production of books

service on this system, and the dirty, disreputable and papers, and receive depositions taken before

tactics they are capable of using in the wild any proper officer in any state or territory of

effort to gain a membership. the United States.

And to strengthen this "splendid offer*' they Approved June ZO, 1906.

use the argument Aat had it not been for the ....^

B. of R. T. in the last «ttlement. thty could APPROPRIATION ACT,
have got ten cents per hour increase, and an

eight hour day for the yard men on this Big Four To enable the Interstate Commerce Commission

system. "They were going to stand out for it." to investigate in regard to the use and necessity

Yes, they stood out all right. "On the streets ^^^ ^^^^ "«"** systems and appliances for the

looking up at the windows of the big brick build- *"*o«n«ric control of raUway trains, including

ing where the B. of R. T. was doing business ^^cperimenUl tests, at the discretion of the com-

for the yard men." And when they were tired »n»»>on. <>' »"«*» ot said signal systems and ap-

"standing out," they took the crumbs which were Pl»ance« on'y. «« mzy be furnished in connection

thrown to them, and went away home, where ^**** such investigation free of cost to the gov-

they proceeded to throw mud at the B. of R. T. '^''nro*"*' »" accordance with the provisions of

in their old sweet way. **** ^°*"* "resolution, approved June thirtieth,

Tu-. n «« o T A^ ^* V i* A ^A * »» «>««*««" hundred and six, fifty thousand dollars.

The B. of R. T. does not make "reduced rates" a«>««v«-j -ilt. ^t. j i«vx« / ,,

J . ^ . J . .f. Approved March 4, 1907, at 11 a. m.

m order to get members, and we have no T)ar- ___-_^

gain days." We seek the membership of all

good men in an honest, businesslike way and BoSton MaSS.

offer only the protection of a strong, capable or- _

ganization to the men and their wives and fami- In looking over the Journal from one issue to
lies, and every new member gets a policy worth another, I am surprised the brothers from Boston
its face value; it has no contributory negligence don't send in a few lines to let our Brotherhood
clause tacked to it. It is a policy, the payment know how we, located in the Hub of the Uni-
of which is sure. Widows and orphans of our .verse, are getting along. We have had a pros-
brothers do not wait years for a claim to be perous season in the vicinity of Boston. In fact
paid, and then get it whittled down to a size we have done so well the officials of city and

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806

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

state, with the astistance of the business men
and labor organizations, got up an elaborate cele-
bration under the form of an Old Home Week.
We had parades, firework displays, balloon as-
censions, athletic events of all kinds and orations
by some of the most prominent men of the coun-
try. In fact there was something doing every
minute of the seven days. And now, brothers,
as we gaze about us and see the good conditions
on all sides of us, why shouldn't we show our
thanks to our Brotherhood by endeavoring to
bring within its fold those Trainmen, who don*t
seem to realize for what a grand and noble cause
this Brotherhood was organized. There are a
great many men who would become members of
our order if the brothers would only make them
understand how much their families and them-
selves need the Brotherhood.

We should never let a little personal feeling
stop us from getting good men to join our order.
• Just because Bill Jones did not ride that cut and
John Smith did not throw that switch is no rea-
son why they would not make good and loyal
members of our beloved Brotherhood. Just stop
and think, brothers, how pleased <mr Grand Mas-
ter would feel if he could say that he represented
125,000 men and which he could say if we all
did our duty.

Don't be content with sending your 'ues every
month, but be a Brotherhood man in .very sense
of the word. Talk Brotherhood to every yard-
man and trainman you know who needs It. And
above all things, attend your lodge meetings
so that when you do succeed in getting m new
member you will be there to welcome him and
extend him the hand of brotherly love.

I hope each one of you will agree with me
when I say that with a leader like our Grand
Master and his assistanto, ably seconded by that
sterling champion of our righto, the Railsoao
Trainmen's Journal, we should all get together
and make a mighty effort to reach that 125,000
mark and I believe God will bless us.
I remain in B. S. I.,

I. M. Hirmiif,
V. M. No. 404.

A Square Deal For All.

An aroused public sentiment has demanded hon-
esty in office, new ideals, and a square deal for
all have of late years been insisted on by all
good citizens in this country. Great combinations
of capital are now regarded, even by some of the
men who control them, as a public trust The
government does not wish 'to harass the railroads,
but it insists that these vast properties be run in a
fair, square and above board manner. In the early
days of railroads, those who controlled them were
practical men, who took an interest in their prop-
erties and ran them solely for the benefit of the
public and the stockholders. , Honest management

was the old ideal. The old system has passed away,
and with it the old ideals. The total capiuliza-
tion of the railroads of the United States is |13,-
000,000,000. It is computed that of this tremen-
dotu sum one-half is "water," in other words they
have been capitalized for just double their value.
One-half this sum, therefore, represents fictitious
values, values that do not exist, but the public
nevertheless has had to pay tlic principal and in-
terest of these fictitious issues of stock, by which
the few have reaped vast benefits at the expense
of the many. It was President Roosevelt who de-
termined to put the railroad business on a founda-
tion of solid honesty. It was thought that m valua-
tion of railroad properties in this country would
be made, and the water squeezed out of stocks, and
fictitious values done away with. The bare thought
of this caused a tremendous panic in Wall Street.
President Roosevelt, however, realized that much
of this watered stock had been paid for in good
faith by small investors, and he has decided that
nothing will be done along these lines, as any
drastic legislation in this direction would work
incalculable hardship to the small holders of rail-
road securities. The railway financiers have their
troubles. The fear of government legislation has
frightened investors, and the result is that the rail-
roads cannot get the money needed for the de-
velopment and improvement of their properties,
and they are demanding that public agitation cease
and legislation be stopped, or disaster must come.
Railroads hitherto have not been managed cither
for the benefit of the public or the stockholders,
but have been run, in the majority of cases, solely
in the interests of a few great financiers who con-
trol them. It is the government aim and purpose
to merely exercise such control as will insure
honesty of management. This will result in vast
benefito both for the public and the stockholders.
It will stop stock manipulation and Wall Street
jugglery, and this will be a bRssing to the public
and will harm only those whose pockets are already
stuffed to repletion. With the railroad business
on a sound financial basis, public confidence will
be immediately restored, and men of small means,
who have a few hundred dollars, fetching three
and one-half per cent in savings banks, will with-
draw the money from these institutions and buy
railroad stocks which will bring them anywhere
from five to ten per cent interest per annum. Rail-
roads have nothing to fear. The profits of last
year averaged over $3,000 for every mile of trade
in the country. This prosperity n not threatened,
but ito continuance is positively assured. With a
thorough understanding between the public and the
railroads, and with Uncle Sam to see that the
agreements are kept and laws respected, everything
will be well and a greater era of prosperity will
dawn, both for the railroads and the people, than
has ever been known before.

AZ.PRED S. LUNT,

Lodge No. 456.

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EDITOKilAI

Vol. XXIV.

No. 9

Everybody Lend A Hand.

Let every man in this organization get
down to good, earnest work in its behalf.
Do not try to make yourself believe there
are enough without you. It is you that
must carry your portion of the burden and
if you do not and overload some one else
with it both of you will pay the penalty for
your indiflferent interest as a member of
this Brotherhood.

If you know a man in train or yard serv-
ice who has been thus employed for six
months and he is not a member, it is your
business and duty to get to him, ask him to
investigate the merits of the B. of R. T.,
and assist him all you. can by explaining
every question he may ask you. Show him
where the org^anization has carried on the
work of protection for the employe, how it
has secured better wages and working con-
ditions; explain how the business is con-
ducted along proper business lines and ac-
cording to the best business practices and
show him the difference between the condi-
tion of the family of the man who goes
down to death without the protection of
the Brotherhood and the man who is pro-
vided for through its insurance department.

The Brotherhood is not an experimental
organization. It does not have to resort to
trickery, deception or empty promises to se-
cure a hearing. Its record is open for in-
spection and -Jvery fair-minded man is in-
vited to do his own investigating.

Get to the train and yard men as soon as
they are eligible. The times arc as good
now as we have ever known them. Work

is not hard to get and better wages are
paid than ever before, but now is the time
to prepare against the future when times
will be not so promising as now, when men
will be more plentiful than jobs and when
the retrenchment orders go forth. Now is
the time to protect our work and wages
against the times when danger threatens.

Let us take a lesson in preparedness from
those governments that are always ready
for war and, in consequence, always are at
peace. Let us prepare our defenses now
and not trust to a rally around the flag
when the need arises. It is a difficult mat-
ter to rally when men are being dismissed
by the thousands. Then it is that a job
looks good at any price to the man who
has none and down goes he who dares to
protest. Let every weak spot be strength-
ened now and let every member understand
that it is his duty to step into the ranks
and be ready to do his part as well as to
expect every other man to lend his full as-
sistance.

If you want to know what the Brother-
hood has done for the train and yard serv-
ice ask the old man who herded cars or
rode them down the hills twenty years ago
what he received and what rights he had.
He will tell you that $2.00 a day was big
money for either service and the man
worked until he was done. No day was
less than twelve hours and overtime was an
unknown quantity in railroad service. The
employe had such rights as his officials
chose to allow him. He was^romoted
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808 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

when they wanted to promote him and understood it, and the effect was to make
many a man has suffered injustice be- the men in the Brotherhood more deter-
cause the cousin, or . the nephew, or the mined to "get there."
family favorite was brought in from the n was the old "get there" spirit that car-
farm and given his job. When the boss got ried us out of many difficulties in those
out of bed wrong and fired him he ac- days and brought us to "easy street," so
cepted it as a matter of course and hit the to speak. And, now the great danger is
trail for another job equally as bad. He that in our prosperity we will forget the old
coupled cars by hand and lost his anatomy time methods and hard work and personal
by sections, if he wasn't trimmed close or sacrifices that brought us along to where
killed outricrht in doing so. His rights were ^e are. We are careless, and not having
mythical, his redress of wrongs was mys- so much opposition from the employers we
tical and his wages mostly twice earned be- may have too much time to find fault with
cause of the long runs and working days. each other or to lay down the work in the
Where is the road today where there is belief that some one else will do it as well,
organization that the men are not protected jjo one can do your share toward making
.n their rights to promotion? Where ,s ^y^^ organization but you. It is you, you.
there a system where the organization hves ^„ ^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^

that does not have fair conditions of em- ^ ^^^^^ realization of what must be done,
ployment, where wages are not better by j,^ ^^„ ^^ i,.^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^
many per cent, all things considered, than _. . . .

they ever were? Where is there a road T*"* " * *'*?' co-operative proposition
that dares to openly demand that men go »"*• «^«^ ""^^^ """*» ^*^ •»'* ^^"^
between cars to couple and uncouple them. ^^'^ """> **'o "<>** "«"*" O"' schedules
and where is there a road on which this or agreements, or whatever they may be
Brotherhood has standing that all condi- "."*'^ *>*«* '* '« *'* Brotherhood to get in

t:ons are not better than they ever were? *'* "' """^ ^"^ . *''« ''"'■"'«"• ^« « n°'

■ ,„ , . , , . . , heavy and when divided among one hun-

Who thought of standard wages, regular ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^„ „^

hours of work and overtime and rights to j^^j ^^^ ,^^j j^^^ ^^^ .^ ^^^.

promotion twenty years ago? Nobody but .„ j^^^^ ^j,, ^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ .^
the few men who dared to meet opposition

and carried along a little organization of ^"^ ,''''' "^^ ^^"^'"K "P ^^ balloons, not

train and yard men with those ends in ^ppeahng to the prejudices or passions of

view. Why, if men were asked about the ^"^ ^"^' "°^ misrepresenting for the sake

Brakemen's Brotherhood at that time they °^ attracting membership but simply sUnd-

laughed and said, "It won't amount to any- ""5. ^\ *^^ '"^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ Brotherhood,

thing." The writer remembers his first ^,^'^^ ^^^ not been afraid to stand by its

general talk on federation and the reply P ^^form of fairness to itself and the era-

that came across the boiler in response to Pj^^^^* "^^ P^^y>"8 to the whims or cap-

a statement from him in favor of it. It P^^^ °^ ^"^ s^*"^^ ""^^ ^^'^ ^^^'"^ ^"^ OP'""

was, "You fellows will have to get an or- {°". ^"* ^^''"^ ^"^iness all the time in a

ganization first. You will have to get some '^"siness way.

men and some money and some standing We need every man in the train and yard

and— some sense." We think we can stand service who can be persuaded to come to

up today and declare that we have all the ws ; we do not make exception in favor of

specifications demanded and then some, any one nor do we offer extra inducements

This was only twenty-two years ago and ^<^^ t^^m to come. We are here and we

we were the infant organization in every- want every good man with us. It is the

thing but one and that was the foresight <l"ty of every member of this organization

to know what an honest, determined set of to use his effort to make the Brotherhood

men could do if they tried. The advice solid on every road and in every yard hi

was not given in bitterness but in kind- this country and Canada,

ness for that engineer was then and is now There are more than 94,000 of us right

our friend. He told us the truth, as he now. That ought to help some.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 809

The Independent Workman Promised A Crown

Of Glory.

Tlie "independent" workman is he who will not sacrifice his independence by accepting member-
ship in a labor organization. He it is who holds aloof from the rule of the union and stands for his
right to make his own labor contract to work for what wages his employer chooses to give him. This
sort of "independence* is highly recommended by the Manufacturers* Association and it promises a
"crown of glory" to this kind of workman sometime in the future, date not yet fixed. The cam-
paign of education has commenced and the idea seems to be to show every man, and his boy, that it is
better to learn early in life the necessity for obedience to the employer, freedom from labor union
contamination and, in consequence, the full enjoyment of that independence that is assured to every
workman who stands by himself.

Mr. Ittner, who has served as chairman and, we might as well start off with the first

of the committee on industrial education, lessons in independence. The "professor"

for the Manufacturers' Association, has is a trifle biased in our notions of independ-

started his campaign of popular education ence although perfectly right from his view

by declaring in favor of the independence point

of the American boy by way of the manual Men like Mr. Ittner harp on the appren-

training department of the public schools, tice question and hold the interference of

In his report to the Association he said: the labor unions with the employment of

Our ultimate and permanent independence for apprentices as the key tO all the evils that

skUled labor, however, is in the American boy. industrialism

This is a fact which I have emphasised in many *>eset mdUStriallsm.

addresses and in many connections. We must at- The apprentice degree is becoming a lost

tach a manualtraining department to all our pub- ^^^ j^ several of the trades. The old Style

lie schools of the primary grade, in which boys ^^^^^^ workman is going OUt of the indus-

of 9 to 10 years of age and upward under com- ^.,,.^ _. .. r ..j

^ten. instructors en gi« an hour «ch day to tnal hfe. There are but a few trades in

the use of the tools employed in the more im- which there is need for the man to know

portant mechanical trades. This instruction must more than one part of the business. The

be free and should be compulsory. We must pointers, bricklayers and a very few others

t;i ofr/to jrwhf r.vc1:^e:TH.tur«t need the ma„ to know an the parts of the

the primary schools may enter for advanced and work. The rest are mere machme tenders

practical instruction and from which they can be and only do special parts. The assembler

graduated as thorough mechanics. The object j^ ^j^^ ^j^jy ^^^^ workman and he need not

of this manual training in the public schools is ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ .^ ^^^ ^^^j^ .^ ^^ j^^^ ^^^.j.

to supply the need created by the labor union S , r~, ^ ^ j

virtual abolition of the apprenticeship system, and for his work. There are not SO many trades

to supply it in the best possible way and with where it is necessary for the apprentice to

the best possible roaterUl. All the influence of \^^^ jj ^11.

the federation must be used to equip our Amer- ^ ^i_. ^. r x f *,. j^

lc.n Ws witk . thorough industrial tr»ning. It .5 not th.s question of teaching a trade

You will observe that Mr. Ittner, who is that is opposed but the disposition of the

doubtless a patriot of superior degree, inas- employers to take advantage of the boy

much, as he stands for the independence of who knows how to work by refusing to pay

the American boy by freeing him from the him for his work. If he knew it all he would

influence of labor organization, purposes to not be paid for it. He would be a boy and

make his manual training course compul- would be paid as a boy.

sory. Independence that has for its basis What good is this boasted manual educa-

a compulsory attachment does not look tion to a boy who studies it for seven years

good to start off with but it is all right with and then receives fifty cents a day until he

the kind of independence it proposes to grows up, has a family and has to, have

jjggjj_ more money before he gets it from his ^m-

This is the kind of education that is in- ployer who demands school trained. ,^o.r)c-

tended to settle the industrial controversy men? Eventually he has has A^ioio fe

810

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

labor organization for wages enough to
live.

Mr. Ittner has the proper idea, for Mr.
Ittner and his kind. He believes that every
boy ought to be made to learn a trade. If
he goes to school he ought to put in his
time learning a trade; if he goes to prison
what a golden opportunity to become a
skilled workman while he is penned up, in
fact, everywhere the boy must learn a trade
first but he is not encouraged to learn
enough to fit him for anything else than the
place of a workman. An ox can be trained
to pull a cart but he cannot be used for
much of anything else. We are not breed-
ing human oxen even to please the Manu-
facturers* Association.

Mr. Ittner comes along with the usual
prejudiced, unreasoning diatribe attempting
to explain the opposition of the labor organ-
ization to the trade school. He said con-
cerning this :

Labor union opinion of trade schools waa tersely
expressed by one of their leaders when he called
them "nurseries for scabs** — a definition which
we desire to amend as follows: Trade schools
are schools in which our youth are educated to be
skilled workers, and they are made necessary and
have been called into existence by reason of the
un-American, domineering and arbitrary methods
of labor unions.

The names "scab" and "rat** — names flippantly
and indiscriminately applied by labor leaders to
free and independent American working men —
are becoming a badge of honor, a crown of glory,
to those to whom they are given; and as years go
by, and the American people come to understand
the industrial situation more perfectly, these names
will shine more brilliantly and with ever greater
luster. Our people will in time realize the fact
that the men who are now reviled as disloyal to
their fellows, as scabs and traitors to the cause
of labor, have really represented the cause of
freedom in industry, and that because they have
had the spirit to maintain the right of free con-
tract and to resist the despotic power which or-
ganized labor tends to exert, they have rendered
a service to our country and to civilization.

The "crown of glory" is usually over-
looked when it shines over a torn and ragged
suit of clothes covering an ill nourished
body. The "freedom of contract" is glibly
prated over as if the argument were a new
thing just brought along or discovered by
Mr. Ittner. His kind of employes will
"shine brilliantly," and right from the skin
too, for if he has his way they won't have
clothes enough to cover them. Imagine a
lot of workmen enjoying the "freedom of

contract," clothed in "a crown of glory" on a
winter day. Shame ! Call the police. None
for us. Less glory and more coin for ours,
thank you.

Mr. Ittner knows that the disposition of
the boy fresh from school is to accept work
at any wages. If this were not so and he
and his kind knew they had to pay full
wages they would oppose the trade school as
a useless public expense, and fight for the
old apprentice system. They would decry
the unfairness of being taxed to provide
technical educatk>n for the children of the
people. The object is cheap workmen and
many of them.

To fully prove his case Mr. Ittner then
hands out his bit of sage advice. What a
new thought to bring along to the campaign
of education. It isn't more than six hun-
dred years old but it has just reached the
deep thought of Mr. Ittner, and what a
shock it must have given him when he
thought this all out anew. He said :

It is such a common assertion among labor
leaders that employers of labor are enemies of
labor unions. In answer to this charge the chair-
man of your committee, speaking for himself
wishes to say, that in a business experience of
forty-eight years he has never come in contact
with an employer who declared himself as opposed
to organization among wage earners. It is the
arbitrary and un-American methods that are em-
ployed by labor unions that are so universally
objected io, that are condemned and opposed by
a large majority of employers. Were labor unions
conducted on a just and proper basis, there is no
reason that we can see why employers should not
be members, under proper regulation, of such
labor unions.

It is to be inferred that by "enemy" Mr.
Ittner means that the employer is not such
unless he claims membership in the inner
circle of the Parry- Post- Van Cleve» Ittner
outfit That is, he must be out with his
hammer and knock all the time. We look
at the matter diflFerently. We consider any
man an enemy who is not disposed to be
our friend. We do not mean by this that
we expect an employer to give up every-
thing on demand to be regarded as our
friend. We do not object to a fair fighter
who will quit when he is done. If we get
the worst of it there is certain satisfaction
in knowing the fight was fair and when we
quit, instead of hating each other and get-
ting down to little things, we can go along
in the future with the selfc^espect of each
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 811

side maintained and mutual regard strength- ating the workman when he displeased his

ened. We do not hold the employer our employer. Show him that the virtue of the

enemy because he will not give up what is workman's wife and daughter was never

unfair to himself nor do we want the em- safe until workmen became strong enough

ployer to feel we are his enemy because we to make it safe against the ravages of the

ask for what we believe to be right. If we noble, his then, employer. Let him under-

disagree, that is a matter of business just stand that before there was organization of

as it is when business men disagree on workmen that the wage worker was a slave

prices and refuse to sell or purchase. without voice in his government or his em-

We have the greatest admiration for the ployment; that death, or its worse than

fair employer, but when it come to the equivalent, was the punishment meted out

question of friends and enemies, we know for disobedience to the orders of the em-

without any suggestions from Mr. Ittner ployer. It will not be talking revolution. It

that there is not one employer in a hundred will be simply telling him the history of the

thousand who would not rejoice if there world's working people,

were no labor organizations, and only em- ^^ ^^^^^^ .^ ^j„.^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^.^

ployers organizations What a delightful „p -^ ignorance. He knows he must work

thing that would be-for the employer. ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^j^ ^^ ^^^j^ ^„^^^ ^^^ ^^^

The employer is not opposed to the labor of conditions, but he knows that if the
organization, undersfand. He is opposed to trades are overcrowded that fair wages can-
its methods. The diflFerence in reasoning is not be made and he does not agree with the
not as plain to us as it might be. We do employer that the school days of his boy be
know this, that the employer is a friend to given over to fitting him for the rack or the
the labor union that forbids its members treadmill the rest of his life. It will be
from leaving the service of the emptoyer. noted it is the employer not the workman
The employer dearly loves the organization ^ho demands the trade school,
that has for its basis, **We will not strike."

But what good is an organization of that ^^« workman does not know which way
character to its members P-^hat is it for *^ *""^ *" ^^'^ dilemma, for such it is. The
anyhow? It is like a modern battleship *''^f« ^^^^ « "<>^ * ^''a^^ s"<^^ ^^ we used
would be with paper armor and wooden *^ ^«^"I- ^ow they bring a man from the
gyj^g plow who never saw a machine and he runs

-. * * , * >t with an hour's instruction. That is all

If there were no reason for labor organ- u a^ rru * *ui-jr

. ,. . , . , ^ . f . nc does. If he goes to another kind of

ization there would be none. Trade school , ^ . • ^ ^,,. , .,. v * *i, i

^ , . , . MI t r ... work he must learn that, but the employer
or no trade school, it will be found by every ^ 4,^ u ^u *. v. 1 j ^ * *u-

, - ,. ,-' , - . ^ , , sees to It that he seldom goes to anything

boy for himself that unless he is working ^*u *t. u 1 xr * * 1

•.L I.- r If i. . . ... 1 other than he knows. He must not know a

with his fellows for his own good his value ^ , . . r i. t. j

* u' ir Ml u J TT •£ trade, except in a few cases where hand

to himself will be no good. He can sacrifice , * ^^ . . . ^ »..

, . ,.* ^ . . 7 , - , work has not been superseded by machines,

his life to his employer; work for low -^ . , , . .t. 1 j l

. , u .^c X . It IS not learning the trade so much as it is

wages; work long hours without. pay; he ^ . .l u j . • .t.

,. , J J- . L. J I.' to have the boy ready to jump on the ma-
can hve, slave and die m his rags and his , . , - "^ . ; 1 ^1. 1 e
J . ^ . J J V !-• chine at low wages and take the place of
garret and m return be commended by his . t. «. , j .. . v . v ..
_ , ««• J J ^.» I the man who holds the job at better wages,
employer as an independent workman. ,. ^ , . »# t.
TT *i. * J- a^. ... that bothers Mr. Ittner.

Heaven save us that distinction.

Start with the boy, says the boss. Teach And after we have argued it all over, who

him the value of independence and free- >s the independent workman? Who wears

dom from labor organization influence. We the "Crown of Glory?" The one working

say, start with the boy. Teach him some- without the benefit of organization, whose

thing that will permit his being more than a labor is performed under adverse conditions

simple workman all his life. Show him the and for low wages that ill clothe and ill

necessity for standing together if he ex- feed him and his family or, the well dressed,

pects to work under fair conditions and for well fed man who takes his family with him

fair wages. Tell him that labor organiza- and looks as well as any man when he goes

tion forbade shackling, torturing and mutil- out, whose children are at school and whose

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812

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

home is a comfortable one where the fam- They have a kind of independence, it is

ily dare look each other in the face without true, but it must be a horrible thing to en-

asking mutely, where is the next meal to joy. But Mr. Ittner recommends it for the

come from ? workmen. He does not advise the members

The educational campaign will work long of the Employer's Association to quit the

and hard before the general verdict will be bosses' union. Where is their independ-

in favor of the former class of worionen. ence?

The Foreigner Pays The Tax.

We have been getting an awful lot of in-
formation regarding the inner secrets of
Standard Oil that is not new. It possesses,
however, the merit of coming from the gov-
ernment and is based on investigation that
dares to tell its own story without danger
of losing its head. The Journal might tell
the same story, in fact has referred to it
many times in a general way as the common
belief of the majority, yet, it always lacked
the force of a statement made and sustained
by the influences of the government.

The muck rakers, months ago, gave
Standard several twists that caused great
indignation in certain quarters, so it is not
to be overlooked that the muck rakers
started the ball rolling that has eventually
culminated in the greatest fine ever imposed
on a corporation for violation of law.

The muck raker stirred up something and
we are now getting the results in the re-
ports of the Commissioner of Corporations,
who by the way, is singularly venturesome
for a public officer. He hammers away on
the same spot and tells what he thinks with
surprising force and directness. He has
advised the President of the methods
adopted by the Standard in getting busi-
ness at home and abroad. In his report he,
in part, said:

"The Standard has repeatedly asserted that
combination, as illustrated by its own history, is
a great benefit to the public in reducing costs
and consequently prices.

UNFAIR METHODS EMPLOYED.
"The Standard is, however, a most conspicuous
example of precisely the opposite — of a combina-
tion which maintains a substantial monopoly, not
by superiority of service and by charging reason-
able prices, but by unfair methods of destroying
competition; a combination which then uses the
power thus unfairly gained to oppress the public

through wholly extortionate prices. It has raised
prices instead of lowering them. It has pocketed
all the advantages of its economies instead of
sharing them with the public, and has added still
further monopoly profits by charging more than
smaller and less economical concerns could sell
for if the Standard allowed them the chanee.

"Some of the unfair and illegal means by
which the Standard has been able to do this have
been proved in the reports already published by
this bureau, namely, railroad discriminations,
wide-reaching in extent and enormous in degree;
failure to perform the duties of a common carrier
in pipe line transportation, and unjust methods of
destroying competition in that business; and 'price
discrimination of the most flagrant character. By
your direction, in view of the proceedings of the
Attorney General against the Standard Oil Com-
pany, some of^4he more detailed evidence se-
cured by the bureau regarding price discrimina-
tion is at present withheld from publication, and
the same is true of evidence regarding other un-
fair practices, the most important of which are
the maintenance of bogus independent companies,
espionage over the business of competitors, espe-
cially by bribing railway employes to disclose their
shipments, and deception as to the quality of oils
sold.

The report goes into the entire question of
price discrimination at great detail, setting out
Ubles of prices paid in the various states, in
different towns and in foreign countries for the
Standard producU at the same time. It is shown
that prices for oil from 1903 to 1906, years taken
for purposes of the comparison, were higher in
the United States than in Europe and the Orient,
the average prices for various continental coun-
tries and for the Orient being more than 1 cent
per gallon above the average price in the United
States.

Even more significant is a comparison in the
report showing the margins of the respective
prices above costs. From this it appears that the
average German margin was 1.60 cents, as against
4.08 in the United States, with other countries
showing a similar disparity as against the United
States.

"Even after subtracting 1 cent from the
American margins to allow for difference in
quality," says the report, "they arc s^ from of|e
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

813

and one-half to three times a* high as the pays the tax" what of it? The Steel trust IS

foreicn margins. It can be said that in the long 3„(,{|,ef corporation that follows the same

run the American consumer, are made to pay ^ ^^^ j^^^ ^^j

the cost of mamtammg the Standard power ^., , ..j.i

abroad. That American consumers should be thosc fixed for foreign markets, and there

compelled to pay prices so high that, when an are Others.

immense quantity of oil is sold by the Standard -^ht advantages taken where Standard en-

in foreign countries on the basis of little or no .^ , ^ monopoly tell a Story of unfairness

profit, the total profit on domestic and foreign ', ,. , «. . a

business combined should be 60 or 60 per cent that directly affects every American con-

on its capital, is an obvious injustice.*' siimer. The report furnishes proof that the

It is shown that in general for the last five Standard takes every cent it can get. Where

years the American prices have been going up monopoly is enjoyed it takes it all, and

"^rrS'r;'"tS:!rtrT- discrimination in where there is competition it takes what it

prices put into effect by the Standard as between can get away With. In short, the policy

various sections of this country and even between of the Standard has been tO get "all the

parts of the same state. traffic would bear."

"A study of the Standard's policy has brought

to light a very remarkable system of discrimina

In the face of all the revelations the head

tions in prices for the same products in different of the Standard talks of persecution of

business and refers to it as an injustice to

If he
means that the cases against the Standard

localities throughout this country," says Mr.

Smith. "It is evident that the Standard charges ^^^^^jj investors and wage earners.

a price which is proportionate to the extent of

its monopoly in a given place, and reduces prices

in proportion to the degree of competition which are to be SO taken he is mistaken. The
it may meet." law is made for the Standard just as much

Taking December, 1904, for purposes of com- ^g it is made for its meanest workman, al-

parison it is shown ^^''^ J?f .P"!f /" ^'•^•^ though the Standard never realized until it
was 7.7 cents a gallon, while in Colorado at the «*

same time it was, 16.2 cents per gallon, freight met Judge Landis. He showed the differ-
deducted in both instances. The figures for other ence between imaginary license to commit
states for the same period showed a varying range wrong and paying the real penalty there-
between the two prices mentioned. £q^ jy^^ j^ ^jj ^ ^j,at capital has
Turning to the question of the prices paid by , ^4.iJLa.*i.i. i*f j
railroads for lubricating oils it is shown that some ^Ot been attacked, but that a lot of sand-
railroads, notably the Pennsylvania, pay much baggers who have been abusing capital have
less than other roads. It is also shown that in- been handed their deserts.

dependent company bids, «««"!"«« r'"«.°* If Mr. Rockefeller is so anxious about

more than 60 per cent over Standard prices, have

been rejected by railroads in favor of Sundard. the small mvestor and the wage worker,

It is declared that the railroads pay yearly to the and their living and security for their sav-

Standard for lubricating oils $2,000,000 more than jngs, he ought to have impressed these mat-

a fair market v^ue The report attributes this ters on his associates and led them into the

to the fact that the Standard "is powerful enough, * u j* ... i

either by reason of its enormous shipments of ^ays of obedience tO law.

petroleum products or by its influence in financial Such a Statement implies a belief that the

circles, to induce most of the railroads of the coun- employer ought not to obey the law be-

try to pay excess prices for their lubricants." cause, if he does it might injure the people

In addition to these few brief remarks who work for him. There never was a

Mr. Smith has some other important evi- time when unfair business practices bene-

dence in soak for a later day and it is to be fited everybody. Some one had to suffer,

expected along when it will do the most good. While swollen fortunes, frenzied finance

The methods adopted by the Standard and broken statutes have been particular

are not unfamiliar with other concerns, par- to a favored few the rest of us paid the

ticularly as they relate to foreign markets, freight. Every workman in this country

There are many of them in the United has paid tribute to Standard Oil and the

States that sell their products cheaper attempt to confound prosecution for law

abroad than they do at home and the prac- breaking with persecution of capital will not

tice is justified by stating that it Is proper go down with the people generally if it

to get rid of surplus product abroad for does with the investor. The matter is

whatever can be got for it. The margin of simply one of getting after a bunch of
profit is low but so long as the "foreigner wholesale sandbaggers.

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814

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Is The Public Sense Of Right Degenerating!

Nations have their ailments, some of them
serious enough too, and we think, they are
increasing with certain notions that are par-
ticular to the times.

Our own country, for instance, is getting
on right nicely on the wrong side of the
public moral account. We are raising a
crop of internal trouble that never fails and
unless there is something done to increase
a respect for things that are decent there
will come a time when the old-fashioned
standards of morals will be mere traditions
to be laughed at.

It seems that the growing population is
some different from what it used to be. It
is not satisfied with ordinary happenings.
It must have something exciting, even
though it hurts, on which to feed. People
do not give heed to the ordinary affairs of
life. They want only the high colors and
the high lights of what is doing. They want
to imitate their heroes anjl heroines in a
weak way and seem to feel that it is the
real life.

And, this general tendency to outdo what
has been done in crime, immorality and silli-
ness increases. It is not alone given to the
light brained sons and daughters of the rich
to carry off the palm for cutting up high
jinks. There are the same kinds all ^the
way down to the bottom, each varying ac-
cording to Kis, or her, ideas of how things
should be done.

What shall be done about it? Everybody
knows, but unfortunately, no one can apply
his remedy. We simply ask questions and
let it go at that. If people could be made
over according to certain established stand-
ards of morals, physical perfection, and
ability to get along well, it might be done,
but the Old Adam would have to be left
out or there would be sinners in plenty to
start something toward the Primrose Path.

It does seem as if the public moral sense
had taken a slump. It may only seem so
because there are more of us to contribute
to the general foolishness and depravity, but
it do^s appear at times as if the percentage
of general cussedness had increased in the
individual. Just why it is can be explained

by an endless set of reasons which do not
help to clear up the condition.

Rebecca Harding Davis gave this ques-
tion serious attention in a late review. She
went right to the mark with illustrations
with which every one of us is familiar. In
the Independent, she said :

I was out of this country lately for a
short time, and when I came back I noticed
certain suggestive small changes in it to
which the governing American seems to be
blind.

For, after all, there is an American to
whom the country does belong and who
is responsible for it to the unknown Power
who made it and him. This American has
opened his gates to all sorts and conditions
of men, and just now is so occupied by their
foreign creeds and doings that there is
danger that we will forget that the coimtry,
after all, is his possession, a farm loaned
to him for a while, and that he must render
account some day of the crops it bears to
its owner.

May I tell you of one or two of the little
incidents which the daily papers have re-
ported, and which show the diseases that
are gaining ground in this country, just as
the sour earth and fungus indicate the ail-
ments of the worn out farmer?

No. 1. A few weeks ago a workingman
in Philadelphia, being jealous of the girl —
a young saleswoman — to whom he was en-
gaged, fired at her, and, missing her, blew
out his own brains. His blood bespattered
her gown. She was called to give her
evidence before the Coroner. When she had
told her story, she approached that official
with an ingratiating smile.

"G>uld I have the pistol?" she said.

"What do you want with the pistol?" he
asked gruffly.

"As a souvenir of a most painful and
dramatic occurrence!" she replied, simper-
ing. "Why, I suppose that my picture will
be in the papers tomorrow."

No. 2. This girl earned her living in a
large department store. An inquiry was re-
cently made as to the kind of books taken
out of the free library during two months

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 815

by the women employed in this establish- has not yet been brought to accuse his

ment. Three per cent of these books were father.

history, 1 per cent travels and essays, the No. 8. The headless body of an Italian

remaining 96 per cent were fiction, usually ^as found on the railway near Trenton,

of the flimsiest character, many of the ^jth the head lying at some distance,

books depending for their interest on di- n is true these things were done by Ital-

vorces and unusual erotic, putrid subjects, jans, not by our own people. But it is also

No. 3. An energetic philanthropist lately true that Italians do not cut up their wives,

addressed a note to each of the women en- nor derail trains, nor chop heads from

gaged in another large department store bodies and leave them lying loose about the

asking whether if they should marry and streets — in Italy.

give up work they would prefer to board Nq. 9. The Thaw trial, with all the
or keep house. Out of the six hundred dramatis Personae, prisoner, witnesses, law-
women addressed only eleven preferred y^rs, reporters and the papers who gave
homes of their own to the freedom of a jt to the world. What is the meaning of
boarding house. One of them, apparently, that putrid sore in the life of the country?
spoke for her class when she said: "After ^^ ^^ g^^^^^j ^^ ^^^ newspapers which
I have shared the pubhc hfe of a great ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ intelligent readers in the
store, why should I shut myself up ma ^ ^^j.^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^j^ ^^^.^^
kitchen to cook bacon and hot cakes for ^^^ ^^^^^^^ .^ ^^^^^ j.^^^^^^^ ^^^,

^"^ ^^' densed into a single page. "Waverly,"
No. 4. Almost every railway in the «The Newcomes," "Jane Eyre," and other
country is fenced on both sides by huge masterpieces of Scott, Thackeray and Dick-
boardings, representing gigantic cows, pigs ens, have been thus boiled down to suit the
and other beasts, advertisements of dealers times, and the taste and capacity of Amerl-
in drugs, whiskey, sho^ or trousers. Be- can readers. It is akin to oflFering a picture
hind these hideous bids for money lie tran- of Niagara on a two-inch square tintype,
quil valleys, landscapes as fair as any that Gigantic crimes, such as we have found
Claude painted, and sometimes vast ranges latdy in the doing of Pennsylvania politi-
of mountains, full of the peace of God. cians, of negro-phobists, or the Orchards
The sight of all this immeasurable beauty is ^^d Adamses are to the country like huge
hidden from the travelers who pass through conflagrations, whose size and fury drive
the country, in order that a few dealers ^en to make haste to repair the damage
may sell more tobacco or whiskey. No one they have done.

protests. Trade apparently is more valuable But the little instances which I have

than beauty lo the average American. gjven you of a growing vulgarity, dishonesty

No. 5. The contractors for the Capitol and vice in the country are the symptoms

of Harrisburg have just brought in an of a creeping paralysis which threatens us

additional charge of $650,000 for the air almost unnoticed,
furnished in that building. What is its cure?"

No. 6. Three passenger trains on the As we write there comes the story of the
Pennsylvania Railroad lately were derailed murder of a young Italian who was called
within a week by Italian strikers, who to his sweetheart's door and deliberately
wanted more wages. They were not pun- killed by her. The "calm and collected"
ished. reason given by the girl was that, he post-
No. 7. Zito, an Italian in New York, poned the wedding. Every Sunday and
killed his wife and mother-in-law the other holiday is followed by a list of police court
day, and proceeded to cut them up. When sentences and the jails are filled with mur-
he perceived that his baby boy was watching ders, would-be assassins and criminals of
him, he took the child up, dripping with lesser degree.

blood as he was. "Promise," he said, "that It is the height of ambition in certain

you will not tell what you saw." The child classes to have a jail record gained by us-

promised. "Swear it." The child swore, ing a fellow man as a target or pin cushion.

When the police came he was dumb and The drag-nets, sometimes started when the

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

police get busy, bring in from the foreign
districts guns, knives and sharpened files by
the ton. Young girls feed on trashy litera-
ture dealing with the escapades of their
kind with millionaires and then show their
preferences for the wild, reckless, cigarette,
dance fiend who is more a maniac than any-
thing else. But he is "a bad man. He
done time, etc."

Listen to the talk among the boys and
girls in any place of general empbyment
and you will get a fair idea of who and
what are popular with them. You may be
surprised, but it will do you good to be
surprised sometimes. There is a certain
deference paid to and a glamor given the
risky side of life that lead plenty of them
to seek it for the simple sake of telling their

associates they have been there. And, so
it goes. We very likely have descended fur-
ther into the depths than we know. What
is the remedy?

It is not to be taken that all of the people
are of the order herein mentioned, for that
is not true. There are at least enough left
to be alarmed at the situation. There is a
degree of common honesty and good morals
that has not been touched thus far and there
are plenty of men and women as good as
men and women ever were, but they cannot
maintain the balance of influence long when
notoriety takes the place of good character
and sensationalism is preferred to the dull,
prosaic routine of everyday honest life.

We feed on sensation. How can we ex-
pect to avoid contributing to it?

Changes In The Brotherhood Law.

Commencing with August 1st, 1907, a re-
vised Constitution and General Rules,
adopted by the Eighth Bi-ennial Conven-
tion, became effective. The changes as they
were made, and as they now apply to the
government of the organization, are found
in the following sections:

Section 2. Adding to the list of officers and
members of the Grand Lodge one Vice Grand
Master, and a Board of Insurance, consisting of
seven members; also increasing the Grand Execu-
tive Board to five members.

Section 16. Defining the duties of the Board
of Insurance.

Section 22. Changing the title of the official
organ of the Brotherhood to Thb Railkoao
Trainman.

Section 48. A card granted by a lodge to a
person expelled for non-payment of dues, for the
purpose of permitting him to join another lodge,
will be known as a "readmission card*' instead
of "withdrawal card" as heretofore.

Section 08. Provides that "Payment of death
benefits shall be only made, or certificates trans-
ferred to parents, children, adopted children, law-
ful wife, affianced wife, blood relation, or persons
lawfully dependent upon the member, provided
that a member having no wife or child living may
with the consent of the jQrand Lodge make a
charitable institution or a subordinate lodge of
the Brotherhood his benenciary/'

Section 70. Claims disapproved by the Bene-
ficiary Board will be reported by the Grand Sec-
retary and Treasurer to the Board of Insurance

at its next annual i^eeting, instead of being re-
ported to next biennial convention as formerly.

Section 72. Provides that the standing of a
member who has petitioned for allowance of a
disability claim under Section 68 or 70 shall be
kept good by his lodge provided he complies with
Section 181. The last named section requires
that xvritten notice .of sickness or disability shall
be given the financier before the first day of the
month for which dues are to be paid.

Section 74. Death and total permanent dis-
ability claims under this section will be referred
to the Beneficiary Board for determination, in-
stead of being referred to the Board of Grand
Trustees.

Section 76. Requires that written notice of de-
sire or intention to appeal from the decision of
the Beneficiary Board to the Board of Insurance
must be given the Grand Secretary and Treas-
urer within sixty days from receipt of notice of
rendition of the decision appealed from.

General Rule No. 2 (c). Provides that on any
system of railway where two or more general com-
mittees are formed the Grand Master shall have
power to issue a dispensation for the committees
to combine for the purpose of securing the bene-
fits of a salaried chairman for the territory cover-
ed by such committees.

General Rule No. 2 (J). Provides the manner
in which the office of salaried chairman may be
created, ana requires that the expense incident
to procuring votes of members be paid by the
lodges as local grievance committee expense.

General Rule No. 8. Contains a clause pro-
viding that "A general grievance committee shall
not revise or change a general or system wage

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81?

schedule or agreement unless authorUed to do so
by a majority vote of the lodges on the system,
or by a majority vote of the membership on the
system if such vote is deemed advisable by the
general committee." ^

General Rule No. 4. Defines the duties and
authority of a general chairman.

Gencrid Rule No. 6. Provides that a grievance
placed in the hands of a general grievance com-
mittee may be withdrawn by a lodge or member
if such action U taken before the grievance has
been presented to the officers of the company, but
not afterwards.

General Rule No. 11. Requires that a lodge
under whose jurisdiction an unauthorized strike
occurs shall within ten days thereafter cause
charges to be preferred against all members en-
gaged in such strike.

General Rule No. 18 (a). Fixes the maximum
rate at which general grievance committees may
establish rate of pay at $6.00 per day instead of
$5.00 as formerly.

General Rule No. 18 (e). Provides the man-
ner in which general grievance committee advance
funds may be created, or yard service is changed,
and six months* experience is all that is required
under the new law. The section is also amended
so as to permit the admission of trainmen and
yardmen working on surface electrical railways
who come in contect and work with men employed
on steam railways and are governed by and sub-
ject to the same rules and regulations of the
operating department which govern the steam
railway employes.

Section 182. The requirement that surplus
funds of a lodge shall be placed in a designated
depository and withdrawn only on signature of
the financier, approved by the master, is made a
part of this section.

Section 148. Requires that a member accepting
employment on any railroad shall within thirty
days thereafter notify the secretary of the lodge
under whose jurisdiction he is at work.

Section 144. Requires that the master of a
lodge shall designate a member whose duty it shaU
be to prefer charges, in case notice of violation
of duties of membership or obligation on the part
of any member under its jurisdiction is brought
before the lodge.

Section 157. Provides the manner and condi-
tions under which final withdrawal card may be
granted. Card may be obtained without sur-
render of beneficiary certificate, in case the cer-
tificate has been lost, or the member is unable
from any cause to surrender it, but the facts
must be stated in the written application of the
member for withdrawal card.

Section 22, changing the title of the offi-
cial organ of the Brotherhood to "THE
RAILROAD TRAINMAN" will not he-
come effective until the end of the present
year. It was not intended to change the
name of the Journal m the midst of a vol-
ume. The volume ends with the December,

1907, issue, and commencing with January.

1908. the new name will become operative.
The Board of Insurance will take the

place of the work of the convention, in
passing on claims that cannot be decided by
the Beneficiary Board. This Board will
meet once a year at Grand Lodge head-
quarters, and finally dispose of all claims
that are referred to it.

It will be understood by the members of ^
the organization that this is a board of final
power and appeal, and that no claims will
hereafter be considered by the convention.
Two members were added to the Grand
Executive Board, which makes that body
now consist of five members. The insur-
ance remains the same, the rules governing
it remain largely the same except as will
be noted in the sections herein quoted.

A question that ought to be of interest to
our members is that of the re-arrangement
of the ritual and secret work. The com-
mittee on ritual recommended to the con-
vention, the following:

"In appreciation of the fact that our
present ritual and secret work have been in
effect for several years, and feeling that
there is a desire among the membership
for new and improved work;

"We, therefore, further recommend that
the Grand Master be given authority
by this convention to offer a prize of $200
to any member or members of. the organiza-
tion who will prepare and present the most
original and acceptable ritual to the Grand
Master, on or before October 1st, 1907,
after having been approved by the Grand
Master, Assistant Grand Master and the
Grand Secretary and Treasurer, same shall
be presented to subordinate lodges for their
adoption, and, after approval by two-thirds
vote of subordinate lodges, shall take effect
January 1, 1908."

This recommendation was adopted, and
it ought to inspire our members to extra
efforts to provide a ritual that will be an
improvement over the one we have. It will
be realized by any one who has attended
our conventions, how difficult it will be to
find a ritual that will meet the ideas of our
members.

It is the personal hope of the Journal
that out of tiiis proposition there may come

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818 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

a rityal that will be more in accord with vides for the admission of train and yard
the purposes of the organization itself, and men, working on surface electrical railways,
not be confined so much to questions that who come in contact and work with men
have little f do with our form of organiza- employed on steam railways, and are gov-
tion. The new secret work will not become emed by, and subject to the same rules and
effective until January 1st, 1906. regulations of the operating department
One of the most important changes in the which governs the steam railway employes,
law made at the convention was in Section It is to be hoped that the changes in the
120, which was made to meet the demands law will encourage our general membership
of a large majority of our neighbors, to the to work more energetically for the up-build-
' effect that train and yard men can be ad- ing of their organization. Every recom-
mitted to membership after six mcmths' ex- mendation that was adopted by the con-
perience. vention appeared to have a large majority
The action of the Denver G>nvention behind it, and it is to be hoped that the law
deciding on the eligibility of electrical rail- is a fair expressk)n of the wishes of a great
way employes was continued. This pro- majority of our members.

Foreign Skilled Labor May Be Contracted For,
Says The Attorney General.

Attorney General Bonaparte appears to The decision of the Attorney General

be a handy man with decisions pertaining contains the testimony of several employers

to the immigration law. The decision of all stating that labor is scarce, that it has

the Department regarding the Carolina been impossible to get enough men and

contract cases is not forgotten and the gen- that a great deal of this work has gone

eral impression is that if the law was not abroad because of it. The writer happens

broken by them it was so badly bent that to know of quite a lot of it that has gone

it never again will be straightened so far abroad because it could be done cheaper

as the right of a State to make contracts over there. Good wages will bring Euro-

with foreigners for settlement therein . is pean lithographers across the water just

concerned. as quickly as they will bring the lowest or-

The latest to come from the Attorney der of laborers.

General is in the cases of two contracted The Attorney General, however, cannot

for and imported lithographers who came be credited with boking into this feature

from Germany to work for the American of the question. He accepted the testimony

Lithographic Company of New York. The of the employers and quoted a deal of it

lithographers have been on strike and the as his reasons for declaring the detained,

contract made with the two aliens was contracted for, aliens should not be held

purely for the purpose of assisting the under the meaning of the law. First be-

company to break the strike. cause they were artists ; second, because

The decision of the Attorney General there was a scarcity of them. Eliminating

will, in this instance, be final and there is this testimony, the decision of the Attorney

no question but that the way is opened for General, expressed by letter to the Depart-

a general breaking down of the law when- ment of Commerce and Labor reads thus:

ever the employers make claim that cer- i have the honor to acknowledge receipt of

tain grades of labor are not to be had. It your letter of May 23rd, with enclosure^ in

is not necessary to explain that scarcity of ^^ich my attention is invited to the case of two

labor is caused by strikes, the simple fact »»«"» detained at New York, who have b*en ex-

- , , -,- -1,... eluded from the United SUtes by the decision of

that the employers need the men is all that . Board of Special Inquiry, on the ground that

appears necessary. their admission would be a violation of the pro-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

819

visions of the acU of February 26, 1885 (S8
Sut., 882), and March 8, 1908, (82 SUt., 1818),
relating to contract labor. From this decision of
the board an appeal has been taken to you, and
my opinion is asked as to what your decision
would be.

It appears from the testimony taken at the
hearings held by the board, that the two aliens
in question, August Kurzdorfer and John Haer-
ing, are lithographic artists, and natives of Ger*
many, who are coming to this country in pur-
suance of a contract of employment entered into
by them with the American Lithographic Com-
pany of New York. The company, through an
agent abroad, prepaid their passage, and agreed
to employ them for a period of one year at a
stipulated weekly salary.

Unless saved by an excepting clause, or a pro-
viso, this contract is squarely within the prohi-
bition of the statutes referred to. While this is
not denied by the appellants, it is insisted in
their behalf that, under the first proviso or sec-
tion 5 of the act of February 26, 1885 (supra),
and the second and third provisions of section
2 of the act of March 8, 1908 (supra), they
should be admitted.

The material part of section 5 of the act of
1885 reads as follows:

••• Provided That skilled labor for that pur-
pose can not be otherwise obtained; nor shall the
provisions of this act apply to professional actors,
artists, lecturers, or singers, nor to persons em-
ployed as personal or domestic servants: **•

Section 2 of the act of 1908 specifies certain
classes of persons who shall be excluded; among
others, "those who have been within one year
from the date of ^plication for admission to the
United States deported as being under offers,
solicitations, promises or agreements to perform
labor or service of some kind therein.** This
section also contains the following provisos:
••• And t^^ovided further That skilled labor
may be imported, if labor of like kind unemploy-
ed can not be found in this country: And pr(h
vided further That the provisions of this law
applicable to contract labor shall not be held to
exclude professional actors, artists, lecturers,
singers, ministers of any religious denomination,
professors for colleges or seminaries, persons be-
longing to any recogniied learned profession, or
persons emplojred strictly as personal or domestic
servants. •••

Unless, then, it can be shown that these aliens
are artists within the meaning of the statutes, or
that skilled labor of like kind, unemployed, can-
not be found in this country, the appeal must be
dismissed. A decision upon either of these points
in favor of the aliens, would entitle them to ad-
mission.

As an appeal should clearly be sustained on the
^cond ground upon the evidence submitted, I
deem it necessary to determine whether the ap-
pellants are artists.

On the forxier point, the evidence is so free
from contradiction, that were the case being
tried by a jud^ and jury, the court would be

obliged to direct a verdict for the aliens. Their
counsel at the bearing before the Board of In-
quiry, called officers of five different lithographic
companies to testify to the scarcity of lithograph-
ic artists in this cotmtry. Henry W. Kupfer,
superintendent of the art and drawing depart-
ment of the American Lithographic Company,
testified that he had been for four years in charge
of that department, and that during all that time,
part of his duty had been to hire lithographic
artists; that while his company could use to ad-
vantage twenty to twenty-two artists, it had only
ten. He further testified that for three or four
years, there had been the same difficulty in se-
curing men to do this work. It also appears
from his testimony that the company in the belief
that to meet this situation it was necessary to
bring men in from abroad, applied early in 1907
to your department, to know how this might be
done. The Commissioner Oneral of Immigration
suggested that before any steps were taken look-
ing to the immigration of labor, it was advisable
to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the authori-
ties that no labor of like kind unemployed was
available in this country. In accordance with his
suggestions, advertisements were inserted three
times a week for four weeks, in twelve newspa-
pers of general circulation in the eight cities
where it seemed most likely that lithographic ar-
tists could be secured. There were thirty-two an.
swers to those advertisements. No personal ap-
plications were made, and the company did not
secure a single lithographic artist as a result of
its efforts. The reason why none of the thirty-
two who communicated with the company were
selected are clearly and satisfactorily explained in
the record you have submitted for my considera-
tion. The company thereupon entered into con-
tract, above referred to, with Kurzdorfer and
Haering, informing the Commission-General of
Immigration of the fact, and of the date upon
which the aliens would reach New York in order
that a test case might thus be made.

Thu testimony as to the scarcity of labor is
practically uncontradicted. Counsel for the Lith-
ographic Artists, Engravers and Designers
League, attempted to show that the difficulty in
securing men was due to a strike which had been
declared in August, 1906. This idea is negatived
by the statements of the witnesses above referred
to, to the effect that the shortage existed for sev-
eral years prior to the time the strike was de-
clared. Nowhere in the record is there a scintilla
of evidence even tending to contradict this.

Richard Kitchell, President of the National
Lithographic Artists, Engravers and Designers
League, testified that there were about two hun-
dred and forty members of his organization un-
employed in the United States, and that this was
a sufficient number to fill all vacancies, and to
meet the demands of the lithographic business.
Counsel for the aliens put in evidence a circular
issued, with the knowledge of Mr. Kitchell, by
the National Advisory Board of the Lithographic
Artists, Engravers and Designers' League, of
which he admitted he was the head, which ran

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

in part as follows: *'The employers' own figures
show that the number of men they lack in the
art department is actually greater than the whole
number now out, so that were the strike ' to be
settled tomorrow, there would not be enough men
to fill all vacancies.'*

In view of this statement issued with his au-
thority by a board of which he was the bead, his
testimony to the contrary is entitled to but little
weight. '

I, therefore, advise you that the record you
have submitted shows beyond any reasonable doubt
that there are not in the country at this time,
a sufficient number of lithographic artists em-
ployed to meet the demands of the business. The
decision of the Board of Special Inquiry should,
therefore, be reversed, and the aliens admitted.

We do not believe the ruling was fair.
The high degree of comfort taken out of it
by the employers and the\ open expression
of its after eflFects as told by American In-
dustries shows quite plainly that the as-
sistance given in breaking strikes by the
ruling of the Attorney General, cannot be
regarded as anything other than an open
approval in favor of the decision because
of this advantage. It said:

The ruling of Attorney-General Bonaparte a
few days ago that lithographers may be engaged
in Europe and brought to this country without
violating the alien contract labor law, should be
considered of the utmost importance not only to
the American Lithographic Company in whose
favor the decision was given, and to all employ-
ing lithographers, but to manufacturers in gen-
eral throughout the country. It is a fact that
this decision breaks the back of the lithographers'
strike which has been in progress for nearly a
year, and possibly it is true that the American
Lithographic Company would not have imported
German lithographers into the country and made
a test case, if it had not been for the strike.
There is absolutely no reason to argue, how-
ever, that there is any intention to establish a
precedent for the importation of alien laborers
generally for the purpose of breaking strikes. It
seems not unlikely that some such interpretation
might be put on the decision by union labor.
The thing that is clearly established by the de-
cision is the right of manufacturers to import
skilled laborers where there is a scarcity of such
laborers, in any industry in this country. The
fact is, and all the evidence of this case showed
it, that there was and is crying need for more
expert lithographers. The inability of the litho-
graphic companies to get such experts to do their
work for them has resulted in a constantly in-
creasing importation of foreign lithographic work
which might just as well be done in this country
if there were men to do it. Union workmen
throughout the country might well learn a most
important lesson from the conditions disclosed
by this litigation and decision. The National
Lithographic Artists, Engravers and Designers

League, the members of which, have been on
strike, drastically restricts, as the unions general-
ly do, the number of apprentices that shall be
permitted to learn the different trades. This one
factor in all probability has been the chief cause
of the lack of skilled workmen in this country.
The workmen are very short-sighted if they pre-
fer the competition of foreign made goods to that
of imported foreign workmen.

The writer of this comment, which by
the way is a fair sample of the educational
campaign to be started by the Manufac-
turers .Association, declares that the labor
unions may read into the decision the in-
tent to follow up, in other strikes, this
practice inaugurated by Attorney General
Bonaparte. The writer himself very clearly
read the interpretation into his own com-
ment He declared that "manufacturers in
general would regard this decision as of
the utmost importance" and added, "It Is
a fact that this decision breaks the back of
the lithographers' strike," etc. If the At-
torney General has any doubt as to the one
sided opinion on his decision he might rim
over this and find out how it is accepted
by those who profited from it

The Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen
once received an opinion from an Attorney
General of the United States in which he
declared the position of the Philadelphia
and Reading Railroad Company, taken
against the railroad organizations, was
wrong. But it was never regarded other-
wise than as an opinion. It was clearly
pointed out that the opinion had no weight
in law although the justice of it was ad-
mitted. This decision of the Attorney Gen-
eral setting aside the contract feature of the
immigration law is backed up by the Bu-
reau of Commerce and Labor and conse-
quently by the Government and it becomes
as good as law. The other decision had
no backing other than that of honest opin-
ion and it went by the board.

The Journal can easily realize how diffi-
cult it is to create a law that will fairly
apply to all conditions and all localities but
our laws are made with the knowledge that
they cannot Our tariff laws, for instance,
never give general satisfaction for, what
one locality wants admitted free is opposed
by another and so it goes all down the
line but the laws are made to cover, as far
as possible, the needs of the general coun-
try.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 821

If It is within the province of any one the law was passed. If it was not, why

person to break, bend or ignore a law be- was it mentioned?

cause it is needed by certain interests or In a successful strike skilled labor in the
certain localities, the general law is wrong craft affected cannot be obtained. Section
in prmciple and if it is within the province 5 of the Act of 1885 was never meant to
of any one officer of the Government to set cover up contracts made abroad to fill the
aside a law, that has for its purpose the places of strikers. It might be legal to de-
prevention of certain occurrences, to per- cide that a lithographer is an artist. It
mit them, the law ought to be wiped off the might also be equally legal to declare that
statute books and turned over to that offi- a prize fighter is a professor and a "white
cer. It becomes, in effect, a local issue. wing" a skilled workman or even an artist.

There ought to be a digest and an inter- Anything will do for the purpose if it is

pretation of every law to accompany the badly needed.

law when it is made. The purpose and pri- If the labor unions alone criticized the

mary intent are too often lost in the shuflfle opinion of the Attorney General it might

of special interests to have the law applied be set down to a natural opposition on their

as they desire. part, but when the employers approve it as

The purpose for the illegality clause of an effective way of breaking a strike, the

the foreign contract labor phase of the im- comment of the labor organizations cannot

migration law was clearly in evidence when be very far out of the way.

Need Of Organization For The Professions.

It is generally admitted that supply and and he has nothing to say as to what shall

demand are the basis of all prices, whether be done with him.

for commodities or wages. In addition to He receives good wages for the time he

these two principal causes for prices we have works, for in the face of the agreement be-

another powerful factor, in arranging tween the managers the supply of good men

wages, in the organization of the workmen, is not sufficient to meet the demands of the

There are certain employments where the major league and it is a case of where de-
demand is always greater than the supply, mand and supply make wages very high,
and in consequence, wages are exceptionally This gentlemen's agreement was doubt-
high unless there is a specific agreement less forced upon the managers to a certain
among employers not to pay more than a extent, for players were contract makers
certain sum for certain work and a further and contract breakers on the wholesale plan,
agreement not to employ men who leave The plan of self-defense adopted by the
the service of one of the employers bound managers has ended the entire business, and
by the "gentlemen's" agreement. while the player is well paid he is really

The base ball agreement offers one of the a slave of his owner,

most particular and peculiar phases of the There was a players* union once upon a

employment problem. A player must be time, but it fell down because certain high

formally released before he can be employ- grade players were tempted to go across to

cd by another club. If he becomes dis- the owners by high salaries. Now they take

satisfied and shirks or if he is supposed to what they are offered,

be doing poor work he is suspended without This might serve as an illustration to

pay, but no other club can employ him un- prove that when the expert workman stands

less his employer is willing for him to be for the adoption of the minimum wage

employed. A player can be sold or traded that he is not doing so much for the

at will and he has to go where he Is inferior workman as he is doing for him-

ordered. His contract is always in force self. (Think this out)

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822 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

A college professor, school teacher, or have as good wages and working condi-

graduate of the technical school, applying tions as any of the trades,

his knowledge to teaching does not receive The best paid trades today are those

as much in wages as the hod carrier. It wherein the members worked and fought

used to be the thing to refer to the wages their way up to every advantage they en-

of the hod carrier as the lowest when mak- joy. They sacrificed their interests for each

ing comparisons, but thanks be to the union, other and the man who had work helped

the hod carrier now has the "professor** the man who was out of work. He paid his

below him in the comparison, for he re- share and in time received it all back in

ceives more for his work. wages and better hours.

There is a demand for professors and There are other organizations of which
professional men, but the wages are fixed by the same story can be told. It is a tale of
the employer. The professional man can- endeavor, sacrifice and aggressive fairness:
not fix his wages, and regardless of how a story of standing together for the corn-
good he may be his pay is what his em- mon good, always the history of successful
ployer decides, unless the man is of ex- labor organization.

ceptional ability and his worth cannot be when times are bad the influence is felt

bought more cheaply. in wages and working conditions, but not

The school teacher does not receive as to the extent that would be experienced if
much as the "white wing" regardless of every man "were an independent workman,
the years spent in acquiring necessary edu- not owning allegiance to his union." There
cation. The school teacher is alone. There is one brand of independence that costs the
is no organization behind that class of workman. It is the independent workman
work, and if there were, and it worked out who does not earn in a week what the
all right, it would be wonderful. The "white skilled laborer makes in half the time,
wing" has at least the advantage of his These very few statements are used mere-
political organization even if he has no ly to show what organization means and
labor union. what lack of it means.

The best paid employments today are Germany is the academic country of the

those in which the men have been aggres- world. Her technical schools are the best

sive, fair, and ready to make sacrifice for her universities stand foremost and the

the common good. The Bricklayers stand high class German is always a professional,

well to the fore as evidence of what de- Yet we find that the professional German is

termination and fairness can do. They re- at his wits end to make a living. There are

ceive the highest rate of pay for skilled too many of him and he is not. so to

labor. They had to fight their way until speak, together. He represents the inde-

they could aflFord to make agreements pro- pendent American workman as held up by

viding for arbitration of further controver- the employer. He is alone and he numbers

sies. They keep their agreements, but al- many. He has seen the mechanic draw

ways work to make them better each time, wages for which he dared not even hope

The printers deserve more than passing and he has asked, why? The answer is

notice. If there is any trade on which the ready made for him. It is organization, he

adversities of machinery have fallen it is knows it and is ready to take up the work

on the printing trades. The type setting or for himself and try to fix his pay for his

type casting machines put thousands of work.

them on the streets, but they never quit The Frankfurter Zeitung recently said

their union. They worked right along for that, "the man that created the industrial

better wages ^nd the shorter work day. life of Germany did not profit from it."

Those who worked kept those who were It called attention to the wages of the

out of work. They have paid assessments trades and declared they were better off

that would have put many another craft out than the professionals. It also showed that

of business, and today the printers* union label an education costing a man's parents from

receives greater consideration than that of $1,000 to $4,000 was able to earn only

any other organization, and the printers from $500 to a little higher sum for the

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

823

year. Of the number of the technical men
60 per cent receive less than#$500 a
year. Other conditions are no better as wit-
ness the statement from the same author-
ity:

For example, we hear of men with diplomas
from our best universities receiving 87 cents a
day, even less, and the increase in wages is so
small that in the great majority of cases the sum
of $50 a month would not be reached for more
than ten years. Moreover, the men must fre-
quently obligate themselves to release to their
employers any invention they may make, together
with all claim for royalty, while practically all
chance for improving their position is stifled by
conditions in the service contract which are re-
pulsive even to the morally obtuse. And not
only are they repulsive, but they ignore all in-
dividual rights, — witness one of the largest Ber-
lin factories where the amount of salary is a
''trade secret/* the divulging of which may mean
instant dismissal.

The result from the overproduction of
technical schools is just the same. There
are more men than jobs and no organiza-
tion to protect those who do secure em-
ployment. We again quote: —

In the case of an offer in the Rheinland of a
place with $45 a month salary there were 270 ap-
plicants, and a place with $50 brought 700 letters.
Further, in the best of our technical papers, as
the Elektrotechnischen Zeitschrift and the Zeit'
tckrift des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure, we
constantly find an extensive list of applications
for positions, applications which in many in-
stances are heartrending. It is an ordinary thing
to read of "$25 to be paid for a position," or of
$40 to $50 for the same thing, or "for three
years I will pay 10 per centum of salary to the
person who procures a position for a constructor
with twelve years* experience,*' and so forth. In
the Essener Anseiger we saw a short time ago this
advertisement: "Engineer, forty-three years old,
for nineteen years active as chief and sub-chiet
engineer, office and outdoor work, desires at once
employment in any place, even as foreman or la-
borer.'* And it would be possible to cite in-
definitely similar evidences of the deplorable con-
dition of the German technical professions.

On the other hand the mechanics with
their organizations are in a better position
than their well educated fellows. They do
not quibble over their answer, they merely
say that the 'Technicals" are foolish. (The
"independent" American workman might .
also take this remark home with him.)

The statements of the Frankfurter Zei-
tung are again quoted: —

Indeed, ordinary mechanics have more than
once declared that they would not change places
with the engineers and physicians who have made
German technical skill famous the world over.
And the wisdom of this view will at once appear
if we cite the instance of only one Berlin factory
which was forced to raise the wages of its lock-
smiths twice the past year. During the discus-
sion with his men the director referred to the
salaries of his college-bred assistants, and re-
marked that if the wages of the workmen con-
tinued to increase it would soon be possible to
obtain two university men for one locksmith.
To this the mechanics replied, with evident scorn,
"These people are foolish to accept their present
salaries." Therefore, we find the question firmly
proposed. Shall technical skill be unionized? An
answer to this question seems only possible in
the affirmative, and this applies not only to the
technical men but also to that vast army of em-
ployes, bookkeepers, cashiers, clerks, who are to-
day utterly defenseless before the exploitation of
their superiors.

None of this is overdrawn. It is simply
a question of bringing a few cases in point
to show that wages can be bettered even
in the face of supply and demand if
men want them bettered and have the cour-
age and the necessary self-sacrificial spirit.

Every workman ought to let the low
wages of the unorganized sink deep into
his mind and be inspired by the lessons
taught by isolated employes, those free
and independent workmen, as their employ-
ers love to call them, to work for the or-
ganization of their calling and perfect it
in every sense.

The Standard s Harvest.

Herbert Knox Smith, Commissioner of
Corporations, appears to be one of the few
public officials who dare handle a question
without fear of hurting the other fellow's
feelings.

The Standard attempted to condone its

wrongdoing by stating that it was a public
benefactor. It had eliminated waste, con-
centrated the business and brought the
product to the consumer at the lowest pos-
sible cost. Mr. Smith declares the Stan-
dard has done no such thing. He says that

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824 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

without the Standard the price of oil would »>deration of the enormoiu output of the Stand-
be cheaper today than it is, for. COmpeti- '"K TJ» average increa^ in the maivn for the
, , , . . .. -, products of both Pennsylvania and Lima crude
tion would make it so. According to Mr. ^., ^^^.^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ y^^„ ^^ „^^^ ,3

Smithy the Standard can beat its competi- above, groups of years) from isos to i»04 was
tors about a cent and a half a gallon in over 2 cents per gallon, and, allowing a very lib-
production, distribution and sale of oil. If *^** ^^^^ *>* °"*-*»*'^ ^°^ p^ «*"*>" <** ^'
. . , X L X •* cent) for increase in the costs of production and
the great monopoly were to have cut its ^^^^.^^ ^^^.„^ ^^., ^^ J ^^ ^^^^

prices it is reasonable to suppose it could increase in profit during these seven years would

have destroyed its rivals and captured every thus be at least i.s cents ptr gallon. If the same

bit of the trade, but it preferred rather to increase in profit be applied to the Standard's

stan4 for its enormous dividends and profits f"'*!* n'L°^**? ^^'.o^l petroleum products

. J . nr in the United States in 1904, the profiu for that

which are estimated to be 25 per cent an- year would be about $21,000,000 more than they

nually for the past twenty-four years. would have been on the basis of the priced

The report, in part, reads: ^^^ «>«^ >« 1898. As a matter of fact, the

•The Standard has not reduced margins dur- ''"o^" increase of profits on its whole business,

ing the period in which it has been responsible •» »**^<> hereinafter, was more than this,
for the prices of oil. During the last eight years "SimUarly. for the year IMS, when the prices

covered by this report (1898 to 1906) it has raised **^ °" reached their maximum, these prices would

both prices and margins. Its domination has not «Present an increase in the Standard's profits on

been acquired or maintained by its superior effi- "'«» »" **»« United States that year of neariy

ciency, but rather by unfair competition and by ^««.000,000 over prices and costs in 1898.
methods economically and morally unjustifiable. '"^"^ ^K"*"^ ^^"""^ conclusively the effect of

The Standard has superior efficiency in running *^« domination of tiic Standard on. the amount

its own business; it has an equal efficiency in de- ***** **»« P"^"^ P^^^ ^o' »*• <>»'•"
stroying the business of competitors. It keeps Under the subheading. "Standard's Power

for itself the profits of the first and adds to Uiesc ^"* *° Unfair Practices." the report goes on to

tiie monopoly profits secured by the second. Its ^«^^« ***** **»« Standard possesses "an improper

profitf are far above the highest possible stand- *"** *^«" »" »"««** advanUge" in iu pipe lines

ard of a reasonable commercial return, and have ^^jf^ ** "'"**' *'' *»'«"»Port o" ^<^ <>*»»««•
been steadily increasing. ^"** "**•* 'mpo^ant of these (referring to un-

"Finally, the history of Uiis great industry is ***' practices)." continues Uie report, "the cor-

a history of the persUtent use of the worst in- ^^'^ ****"* *^" ^*»»** **'« Standard's power was

dustrial methods, the exaction of exorbitant fi^f* J>uilt up. was railroad discrimination,

prices from the consumer, and the securing of ^ "^"^f **»"*"y effective in maintaining the

excessive profits for the small group of men who Standards position have been its unfair methods

over » long series of years have thus dominated °/ «>«P«t«tion in the selling of products. Thus,
the business. SUndard maintains bogus independent com-

"The Standard has repeatedly claimed that it P*"*«» *"/ ^^^^^^ » »*>*« *<> ""^^ *»>« 'J*-^-

has rtduced the price of oil; that it has been a ''*"^^ ^"* *** anti-trust sentiment, as weU as

benefit to the consumer, and that only a great *"* .*^* P"^ *** **»« ParUcular customers of com-

combination Kke the Standard could have fur- P****.***"' '^Z*****"* »"««™« the furtiier k)«s of

nished oil at the prices that have prevailed. t""*"* u"""^ *°. ! ^"V'*" ^'""^ *" *^* '^"*^-

"Each one of these claims is disproved by this ^^*"» the Standard maintains an elaborate sys-

y^pQ,.j tem of espionage on the business of independent

"The Standard has consistently used its power <=oncems. in particular securing almost complete

to raise the price of oil during the last ten years. r*?°'*» ""^ '^'^ '^"^^^ '"^ shipments of oil by

not only absolutely but also reUtively to the ^"^/"^ railroad employes. Other less important

cost of crude oil. methods of unfair competition pursued by the

"These results are given chiefly in Uie shape of Standard are die giving of short measure and

'margins'; that is. the difference in cents per ^^^fJ" regarding Uie quality of the oil sold,
gallon between the cost of crude oil which the ^^'9'''''^ '"''^f1 discrimination and unfair

Standard buys and the prices of the products T ^ fompetiUon the Sundard could never •

thereof which it sells. J*^! mainuined lU ^eat proportion of the oil

"Prices of oU products may rise or fall slightly ^""Txtl^^i!/ T' "'"L'S"^' "T!

without affecting the profits of the Standard be- IZ/T "" "^^T """f^u ^7^.'^

cause of a change in the price of crude oil, tZ""-^ ZTrT% .^K *'" ' - "^S ^*'"^"'

.nt.^..»k ♦u^ c*.rj— J 1 1 -.u- . . *"** **" control of the business is due to its

although the Standard also fixes within certain .k;ij»„ • ^.•-♦-:« 1 • l ^ ,

limit, even the price of crude. But the Wpn', '^'J" TTZ^Z ""^ "-""".f* '"P"^'

the difference between the price of crude .nd the ^^Jl'^ " * ~°"*'*'' «"»'»P«*"««»»» «>* f «

price of the finished products, is always a true ^l 1 • ^ ^ • • «

•nfllcation of price policy and profits. ^"^ ^^^* P^»"t ** >SSUe IS not how much

"The tremendous importance of the increase in the Standard has made but the mfthods

margins can be fully appreciated only by con- employed tO make it. Where itS moncy

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 825

has been made honestly the public is not law breaking is only another form of

concerned, but where it has piled up its license to violate the laws made for their

millions through discrimination or unfaii government.

attacks against competitors it is a public But there is another real question in-

concem the same as any other form of law volved in this case of Standard Oil against

breaking is. * ^^« people and that is, how far will the lat-

The fine imposed on the Standard was ter have to contribute toward the fine?

not for the purpose of persecution but for Will the Standard be willing to pay the

the purpose of reform. The fine is a heavy amount, if it has to pay, from the proceeds

one, but it ought to discourage corpora- of the past few years that the court says

tions in their belief that a nominal fine for has been illegally taken from the consumer?

A School For Railroad Men.

We have it on reliable authority that a roads, in the near future. At any rate, the
school for railroading is to be established student who passes the best examination
in Chicago, and that it has back of it the will be guaranteed speedy promotion,
largest railway systems of the country. We are advised that among the men who

The purpose of the school is to train men were instrumental in starting this school
so that they will be ready for railway ser- are : T. P. Shonts, of the New York Street
vice whenever they are needed. It might Car Lines ; George H. Ross, vice president
also be stated that they will be ready when of the Clover Leaf; E. P. Ripley, president
they are not needed, for one of the features of the Santa Fe; Marvin Hughitt, president
of the school is a promise of employment of the Northwestern, and B. L. Winchell,
as soon as the pupil has graduated. president of the Rock Island.

It is to be a correspondence arrangement, The men interested say that the school is
whereby the applicant for a position can started for the purpose of supplying a de-
continue his work on the ice wagon, or ficiency of 200,000 railway employes. The
at the saw mill, while he is learning the deficiency, as given, is questioned,* but if
duties incident to the performance of rail- there is a deficiency of this kind it is large-
way service. There is also a proposition ly because railway managers have denied
included in the new idea to the effect that employment to so many experienced rail-
through it men will be fitted for promotion, road men, because of what they consider
We are advised that the railroads inter- physical inability to perform the duties of
ested will spend several hundreds of dol- the service, and further because the men
lars annually, in the hope that the railroad are in bad odor with their former em-
labor market may be filled to overflowing ployers. If the railway managers were dis-
with applicants for railway positions. Ar- posed to treat their partly disabled empbves
rangements have been made to teach every- as other employers do, the scarcity of skilleo
thing that enters into operation and trans- railway labor would not be so noticeable,
portation, and a large number of expert The "black-list," while not openly showing
railroad men are supposed to be ready to in the employment of railway men, .is never-
take up the work of instruction. theless very much in evidence in the de-

There will be two sections to the school; mand for service letters when an applicant
the first will be for the preparation of stu- seeks a position.

dents, and the second will prepare railroad Another news note of a preceding date
men for promotion. The entire work will advised us that a number of railway man-
be done by correspondence, and it is said agers had it in mind to establish a Bureau
that the credits given by the "professors" of Information and Employment in Chicago,
will govern promotions on many of the rail- through whkh every application for work

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826 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

would go before employment would be things as viewed from the employes' stand-
given. The reason stated for this general point, any attempt to overload the labor mar-
emplo>*ment bureau was that there were so ket will not be viewed with any marked de-
many railroad employes who quit one po- gree of approval.

sition, for cause of their own. or who were j^ .^ ^^ ^j,^ ^j ^^^ j^^^^ ^^

dismissed, who would not be permitted to j^^,^^^ j^^^ ^.^^^ ^ ,.^^j ^^^ ^ ^

work elsewhere .f the.r former employers ^.^j ^^ promotion, knowing everything

knew It The .dea was to estabhsh a sort j^,, .^ ., jy^ j^^ ^j^ ^ ^^^ The cor-

of employment clearing house, so that no ,„ j^,, ,^^001, however, as it has been

employe who had left the service, for .any ^^ ^g^„ ^^^^i 3„i„^ objections

reason, could ever be re-emp^oyed unless the .„ ^^ ^j practicability. In the first

clearing house stanped Us O. K. on his ap- , ^^ ^^^^ ^^^j^ confidence in the

plication for employment. - .t. j r ^ t.-

It does not necessarily follow that the ^o^^«P<>«^/:«ce method of teaching men
general employment agency and the general P^^^*'^^^ *^*"K«' particularly m the railroad
school of instruction are to work together. s«^^»^^ *"<* ^^ ^^^^ "o «>nfi<lence what-
It is natural however, to regard either «ver in the proposition to allow the "pro-
proposition with more or less suspicion. The fessors" in a correspondence school to de-
purposes as stated by the managers may cide who shall, or who shall not be eligible
be absolutely true, but, in the nature of for promotion in the railroad service.

Things Doing.

An exchange, from the other side of the man must be offered extra inducements

Feff«icm Goods industrial house, asks this these days to tempt him from home. It is

or Foroicm question incident to the de- the unskilled that cannot be kept there, as

WorkmoB. cision of the Attorney-Gen- the immigration statistics will show,

eral to the effect that a foreign lithographer We have had a blind, pretentious state

is an artist and there are too few of him any- affair supposedly doing business in the in-

how, and he, therefore, is open to contract terests of the American workmen for many

for his labor with an American employer years, but the same workmen arc wonder-

and may come right along without hindrance ing where they come in under it G)mpe-

f rom the immigration law. tition has been shut off from other countries.

Why not put it this way. Shall we have The foreigner pays the tax, so they have
foreign goods or foreign workmen working been told, but they haven't been able to see
for foreign wages in this country? When- it when the same taxed foreigner can pur-
ever American wages and other conditions chase their products, freight paid and de-
are better than wages abroad foreign work- livered in the Old Country cheaper than the
men come to America. AVTien American producer can buy them s^ home,
agents in Europe contract with foreign As we have it now we have the foreign
workmen for their services they either pay workman, nearly foreign wages and a busl-
more than the prevailing wage rate or they ness producing nation that for its size gets
secure inferior workmen. The trade union more on the market in a given time than
spirit is stronger in Europe today than it any other, but the American workman pays
is in America. Skilled workmen realize more for the goods he makes than his for-
what the requirements of their trade are eign co-worker does. This question of
at home and abroad. They know they work American workmen, American products and
harder over here, work longer hours and American wages together with the purchas-
must keep the pace or get out. The wages ing power of the latter cannot all be told
are a little higher here even taking the rush in one brief sentence even by an American
system into account, but the foreign work- employer,

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 827

That is a few of them did. The re- novel, indeed, for a convicted defendant to

mainder did not take any urge the complete triumph of dishonesty as

TlMFilipiaM interest in their new legis- a reason why such course should go un-

lature and could 'not be punished. Of course, there was no other

dragged out by the political leaders to regis- shipper of oil, nor could there be, so long

ter. as by a secret arangement the property of

When they did vote they showed their the Standard Oil Company was hauled by
preference for home rule and their own railway common carriers for one third of
idea of liberty by electing among their what anybody else would have to pay."
leaders one who has been off color for Judge Landis declared that the rebate re-
some time, but he is a progressivist and, as ceiver or the contractor for illegal rates
such, waa the selection of his kind. was more dangerous to society than the

There are those who declare that the plai\ counterfeiter or the man who robs the

for teaching the Filipino how to govern mails.

himself does not meet with his approval and The Standard attempted to show the

that he does not propose to stand for half- judge where imposing a fine on all of the

way doings. There is a pretty well defined counts would be unconstitutional, but he

sentiment, however, to the effect that the evidently was willing to take his chances

Filipino does not really know what he on the Constitution with them for he said,

wants, and when he does, he has no idea "it is the view of the court that, for the

how to go about to get it. They arc dis- law to take from one of its corporate crea-

contented but do not realize how their dis- tures, as a commission of dividend produc-

content is to be lessened by acquiring a ing crime, less than one third of its net

questionable sort of government. revenues accrued during the period of vio-

There is an old idea that representative lation falls far short of the imposition of

government is the best government, but an excessive fine, and surely to do this

when we look about us at some of the would not be the exercise of as much real

countries that do not have complete repre- power as employed when a sentence is im-

sentation it is difficult to see where they posed taking from a human being one day

arc any worse off than those who govern of his liberty. In this connection it may

themselves. be observed that the figures exhibiting the

George Bernard Shaw declares that, net earnings of the Standard Oil Company
*'what people need is not abstractedly good of New Jersey during the period covered by
government, but a government in accord- this indictment, are exceedingly instructive
ance with their own notions of good gov- because of the peculiarly intimate relation
crnment." This applies to the Filipinos between the character of the crime and the
without doubt, for our form of government revenues of the offender,
is not according to their notions of good jhe revenues shown for the time men-
gvemment. tioned were $199,800,000. The dividends
paid during the three years, 1903, 1904 and

When Judge K. M. Landis fined Standard 1905 were $117,603,000, which left $82,000,-

Oil $29,240,000 for the ac- 000 to be added to the surplus. Dividends

^***f|^ *• ceptance of low and unlaw- declared during the past ten years amount

ful rates from the Chicago to $400,000,000.

& Alton Railroad, he established a prece- j,,^ following epigrams are taken from

dent in the way of maximum penalty for ^^^ decision of Judge Landis:

corporation wrong doing. The Standard .^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^ corporation one-third of its

was found guilty on 1,462 counts, and under net revenues accrued during a period of viola-

thc law the fine may be anything between tion is not as much real power as is employed

$1 000 to $20 000 when sentence is imposed taking from a human

Judge Landis went after the Standard »*'"« »"* «"" "^ "" *'*^!^'' . . ^

.^. ^ T- aU 1 *u i. --«*-«^^ "It is the business of a judge to administer the

Without mercy. To the plea that acceptance ,^^ ^ ^^ ^^^^ .^^ rather thfn to expiate upon

of lower rates than were offered to com- ^^e inadequacy of punishment authorized for its

petitors was right, he declared that *Tt is infraction."

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828

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

"Common honesty among men ought not to be
altogether ignored in businest, even in this day."

**A jury is not required to accept an obYiously
impossible thing as true merely because in a law-
suit a witness may testify to its having hap-
pened."

"Great caution must be exercised by the court
lest the fixing of a smail fine encourage the de-
fendant to future violations by esteeming the
penalty to be in the nature of a license."

The Elkins law was defective, he said,
because it provided fine only as pum^h-
ment, but it was his duty to administer the
law as he found it rather than to lament
its inadequacy to punish as he thought it
ought to be administered. Then he placed
the fine and the rest will be up to the high-
er courts for final settlement.

The raid on stocks that followed the
week after the fine was attributed to the
work of the Standard and the statements
were frequently given out that there was
a general fear on the part of the investing
public that the government was going to
take away the revenues from all stocks by
a series of prosecutions like those against
the Standard.

If the stockholders m the various business
concerns in this country are building up
their hopes of being permitted to continue
to beat the unfavored competitor by way of
rebates and rate concessions they might as
well unload for it looks as if the shipper
would finally be treated fairly and not
placed at a disadvantage because the big
fellow received "inside" rates.

Thomas F. Millard, who has been a close
student of Japanese meth-
£ff ** ods of doing business, has
"**** stated that the attitude as-
sumed toward the United States was one
more shrewd game of Oriental politics with
the purpose of shutting off any complaints
that might be made by the United States
against the trade exclusion of Manchuria
and Korea.

Mr. Millard explains that Japan has
feared vigorous protests from this country
because of the conditions of trade in both
countries which are particularly disadvant-
ageous to American commerce.

He believes the object of the Japanese
statesmen was accomplished when America
was put in the wrong light before the world
in the matter of school privileges in San

Francisco. The discussion that followed
impeached the question of fairness on the
part of the United States and the Japs
propose to trade on that if the United
States makes protest against trade condi-
tions in Korea and Manchuria.

Oriental statecraft seldom appears on the
surface. Always behind it there is some-
thing subtle and far from the purpose of
the matter as it first appears.

Whatever the purpose of the Japanese
game it is certain the Japanese will not put
us next to it.

Out of the idea of collective bargaining
for labor there is coming a
sentiment that other things
might well come under a
sort of fixed rule as to costs, prices and
wages that will place all things on a leveL
The collective plan of doing things, when
confined to a certain territory, places all
business of a class on an eqtial footing, if
competition then cuts prices the loss is
all with the owner who is willing to take
less profit and secure the business.

It is the cheap man everywhere who
threatens. The man who pays high prices
is not a menace to his fellows, it is the
other who cuts who is dangerous. The
labor organization has tried to standardize
wages and working conditions, the non-
union man has done the reverse. The im-
organized workmen all conspire to menace
the standard of fair wages, and in self-de-
fense, ought to realize what they are dofng
against themselves.

Professor Ross believes that standardiza-
tion will eventually be the rule. In the
Independent, he said :

The clash between commercial and utili-
tarian policies is all about us. Instance
the refusal to rescue the children from the
factory and send them to school; the let-
ting girls wreck their health and unfit them-
selves for motherhood in four or five years
rather than pay a little more for ribbons
or gloves or bon-bons; the opposition to
the labor unions that are absolutely the
only thing that stands between the working-
men and the aging, killing pace of work
that more and more the employing corpor-
ation seeks to force upon them; the allow-
ing of private interests to butcher the na-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 829

tural wealth of the Far West— under the such area as still responds to compe-
name of "developing" the country— as they tition — enterprises floating only standard se-
butchered the seal and the sea otter of curities, using only standard materials, em-
Alaska; the willingness of good and con- ploying only adult workers for a standard
scientious men to let the wheels of industry day, at a standard pace, amid standard con-
and transportation redden and redden rath- ditions of safety and sanitation, will pro-
er than pare a dividend in order to intro- vide the consuming public w'th a standard
duce safety appliances and methods; the product Even within this haoiess there will
reluctance to deal vigorously with alcohol- still be left much room for the play of that
ism or deleterious adulteration or fake ingenuity, progressivenes5 and efficiency
medicines, lest thereby we "hurt business." which are so liable to vanish from a gov-
What I think I see coming is an era of emment industry no longer feeling the en-
standardized private business when— over livening prick of competition.

The Colorado And Southern Strike.

The settlement of the wage question with ly declined to go into conference with other
the managers' committee, at Chicago, last interested lines for a settlement of the
April, provided that the claims of the em- question. An authorized strike of the
ployes for a differential in yard rates in .yardmen employed on the Colorado &
Denver, Colorado, and territory west of Southern Railway at Denver was declared
that points would be withdrawn from the at 3:30 p. m., July 19th, 1907, by the gen-
negotiations there without prejudice, and era! committee, and approved by Brother
referred back to the individtal roads in- Newman, acting under authority from the
tcrested for adjustment by their respective Grand Master,
committees. Every yard man, regardless of affiliation

After the committees left Chicago, to ^^ organization, left the service of the
put into effect the rates and rules for road- company in response to the strike order,
men agreed upon there, they were unsuc- yj^^ q^^^ Master reached Denver on July
cessful in inducing the managements to g.^^^ ^g^^^ ^^^ ^^ j^^^ g^^j^ August 1st
grant the increase of two cents per hour ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^.^j^ ^^ committee and
to yard men. Various reasons were given ^^^^^^^ Newman, held meetings with Vice
for declining, the principal one being that president Parker of the Colorado & South-
they would not pay the rate until other ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^j^ ^^ ^^^^j^ ^^^ ^^^^^^
roads in the territory agreed to pay it, and ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ position that he
in some instances the managements gave the ^^^j^ ^^^ ^ ^j^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^
committees written statements to this ef- ^^^^.^^ ^^ ^^ ^,^j^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^
feet The biennial convention of our ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^.^^ ^^^ extended to the road-
Brotherhood followed and took up the time ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^.^ response was practically
of the officers for a month, or so, and no ^^^^j^^yg

action was takea ^ . .-.,«, r- « ^ .

On July 19th, 1907, Vice Grand Master On August 13th, Brother E. P. Curtis,

Newman, by direction of the Grand Mas- Second Vice President of the Order of

ter, again took up the yard wage question Railway Conductors, brought about a meet-

with the Colorado & Southern officials. The ing between the Grand Master and the

company declined to grant the increase. Chairmen of our general committees for

and stated that in doing so, they were act- the Colorado & Southern, Rio Grande and

ing on their own responsibility, and inde- Union Pacific, and Vice President Parker,

pendently of whatever any other line might of the Colorado & Southern, Assistant

do. The officers of this road had previous- General Manager Martin, of the Rio

4-'

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Grande System, and General Superintend-
ent Park of the Union Pacific System.

As a result of this meeting the strike was
declared off, effective 7 a. m., August 14th,
1907. All of the men who went on strike,
and all of the men who went out in sym-
pathy with them, were returned to their
former positions, without prejudice, and
all of the men who took the places of those
who went on strike were removed from the
train and yard service of the company. The
strike was declared off, conditional upon an
understanding that a meeting of officials of
western lines and representatives of the
Brotherhood would be held at Denver, Tues-
day, August 20th, 1907, for the purpose of
settling the differential question for tjie
territory.

At the time of going to press, the results
of the conference with all of the lines in
the territory affected had not reached this
office.

The strike on the Colorado & Southern
was a remarkable one in several respects.
The withdrawal from the train and yard
service of every member, and of almost

every other employe, regardless of affilia-
tion, was a feature that does not often oc-
cur in railroad strikes. The fact that not
a single man who left the service of the
company, deserted the organization, is an-
other remarkable feature, and speaks most
emphatically for the loyalty of the men to
their organization, and a belief in the jus-
tice of their demands for better wages.

The agreement between the company and
the organization dismissed every strike
breaker from the service, and returned
every striker to it, without prejudice. These
are two features that are seldom a part of
strike history. The attitude of the men
during the strike, and their strict compli-
ance with the law, gained for them the
confidence and good will of the people in
the several localities in which the strike
was effective.

The position of the men throughout the
strike is to be commended, and their ad-
herence to the organization; its laws and
principles, and to the justice of their de-
mands will be a striking example for all
time to come.

Trainmen On The Fair List At Pittsburg.

The readers of the Journal will remem-
ber that one year ago the United Labor
League of Western Pennsylvania placed
the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen on
the "unfair** list, because of charges pre-
sented by the Switchmen's Union, in con-
nection with the Monongahela Connecting
Company's strike.

The Switchmen's Union made the charge
that the company was dismissing its em-
ployes because they were members of the
Switchmen's Union, and that when a legal
strike was called by that organization, the
B. of R. T. furnished men to take the
places of the strikers.

At the time the charges were preferred,
the League appeared to be under the con-
trol of the sympathizers of the Switchmen's
Union, and no attention was given to the

protests made against the charges by l!:e
B. of R. T.

The right thinking members of the
League have never been satisfied with the
decision of that body, and on July Uth,
1907, a resolution was offered to the
League to take the Trainmen from the
"unfair" list As a result of this resolu-
tion, a committee was appointed, and the
Trainmen and Switchmen asked to come
before it.

A number of conferences were held at
which the Trainmen and Switchmen were
represented. The committee decided the
Switchmen had misrepresented the case in
every sense and it exonerated the Trainmen.
The B. of R. T. was taken from the unfair
list and the injustice of placing it thereon
thus acknowledged.

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Wanted.— To know the whereabouts of H. J.
Law ; formerly employed on the . P., C. C. & St
L. R. R., at 59th street, Chicago, as yard con-
ductor. Address, Secretary of Lodge No. 479.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of Patrick
Keating, Lodge No. 199. Gone from Erie some
time. Last heard from eight months ago. His

father is ill. Address, Financier of Lodge No. 199.

• • •

INFORMATION WANTED 1
A suitable reward will be paid for the address
of J. T. McKemon, a boiler maker. Important
news awaits him. Address all information to M.
J. KUroy. N. Y. Life bldg., Kansas City, Mo.

• • •

Wantid. — To know the whereabouts of W. R.
Cox; last heard from at Birmingham, Ala.»
switching for the H. & S. R. R. His mother is
very anxious to hear from him. Address, Mrs.
M. C. Cox, No. 1304 Broadway, Fort Worth,
Texas.

• • *

Wantid. — To know the whereabouts of Byron
R<»a, who left his wife and two small children in
October, 1906. Any information concerning him
will be very much appreciated by Mrs. Byron
Rosa, No. 8467 West 10th street S. W., Cleve-
land, Ohio.

• • «

Wantbd. — To know the whereabouts of George
F. llawke, formerly a conductor out of Moose
Jaw, Sask., in 1885. Information of great im-
portance awaits him. Address, either P. D. Shand,
Box No. 801, Moose Jaw, or John Gallagher, en-
gineer. Moose Jaw, Sask.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of J. J.
Hughes; member of Lodge No. 479; last heard
from in Idaho. Very important news awaits him,
on account of settlement with street car com-
pany. Address, F. H. Brown, No. 131 South

Canal street, Chicago, 111.

• • •

Wanted. — ^To know the whereabouts of J. S.
Foye, of Lodge No. 646; last heard from at Con-
neaut, Ohio. Also J. H. Hieronimus, of Lodge
No. 546; last heard from at Emporia, Kans., about
three months ago. Address, Phil S. Billings,
Financier Lodge No. 546.

• • •

Stanhope, N. J. — Lodge No. 202 is in splendid
condition^ and admitting new members, and the
records show that we have made splendid progress
since January 1st of this year. There are a num-
ber of new members in sight, and everything is
coming along splendidly. C. C. Lewis.

Wanted.*-To know the whereabouts of H. A.
Thompson; last heard of was working for the
Iron Mountain Ry., at Argenta, Ark., also in
Poplar Bluff, Mo. His wife and three children
are very anxious to see him. Address, Mrs. Min-
nie Thompson, No. 1100 Ayars place, Evanston,
Illinois.

« • •

W^anted. — To know the whereabouts of Jack
Durant, who was initiated in Lodge No. 656,
March 5th, 1907, and who claimed Fostoria, Ohio,
as his home. A few days after he was initiated,
he left here, going home he said. Nothing has
been heard from him since that time. Address,
C. B. Applegate, Master Lodge No. 656.

Wanted.— C. L. Hincbaugh, of St. Paul Lodge
No. 122, to write his mother. No word received
from him since the first of May. Last heard
from was working at Amarillo, Texas, about June
1st. Any information as to his whereabouts
since then, or now, will be thankfully received.
Address, E. A. Hinebaugh, Box 730, St. Louis,
Missouri.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of Howard
Adams. Last heard of July 4th, 1906, in Alliance,
Neb. He was in the employe of the B. & M. R.
R. as brakeman. Age 21 years, 5 feet 10 inches
tall, weighs 280 pounds, brown hair, blue eyes.
His sister is very anxious to hear from him. Ad-
dress, Mrs. Anna Miller, Lock Box No. 128, Ket-
chikan, Alaska.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of B. F.
Lister, a member of Lodge No. 334, who left his
home to go West and hunt work. He has blue
eyes and is fair and slim; about average height.
He was formerly a conductor on the Great North-
ern Railroad. His wife is sick, and has three
children to take care of. Address, Mrs. B. F.
Lister, Breckenridge, Minn.

• • «

.Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of Andy
Showers, a member of Lodge No. 187, Buffalo,
N. Y. He worked for the B. & O. R. R. at
South Chicago; last heard from March 20th, 1907.
He weighs 187 pounds, 5 feet 10 inches tall,
brown moustache, gray eyes, scar on right eye-
brow, scar on left cheek, one near left ear, and
on back of neck and left shoulder, hair very
thin on top of head, and a dark brown com-
plexion, very sallow. Address, G. W. Hummell,
No. 201 May street, Buffalo, N. Y., or his wife,
Mrs. A. J. Showers, R. F. D. No. 3; Erie, Pa.

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832

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

BKOTREB THOMPSON KBLBASBD.

Brother J. H. Thompson, of Lodge No. 240,
v/ho was tried and sentenced for a train wreck
in Canada, mention of which has been made in
previous issues of the Joubnal, was pardoned on
July 11th.

The release of Brother Thompson will be very
much appreciated by the members of our organ-
ization.

Syracuse, N. Y.— Lodge No. 230 has gone over
the two hundred mark, and is admitting members
at every meeting. There is a good job here for
every brother on the Mohawk Division of the
New York Central. Our train master can use all
yjod D. K. T. men who come this way.

Brothers desiring positions will please look up
the Touinal Agent of Lodge No. 230.

I received the "QUEEN" Watch, and it U

O. K., and much better than 1 expected. It is a

splendid time-keeper, and a beauty. Everyone

that sees it thinks it a valuable prize for only

thirty subscriptions, and I am very thankful to

you for it.

Yours fraternally,

E. E. Spivey,

Lodge No. 760.
• • •

UNION MEETING AT CUMBERLAND, MD.

There will be a grand union meeting at Cumber-
land, Md. oo September 23rd and 24th. Everybody
is invited to be present and ao all around good time
ia asiured. Everybody who can ought to be there.

accident received some time ago, and is wander-
ing about

The different orders, business houses and the
public have subscribed a reward of three hun-
dred dollars for the finding of Brother Kreisher,
and the money is in the First National Bank of
Bellevue, Ohio.

A. I. LONGSTRBBT.
• • •

CAR REPAIR MEN'S GUIDE.
The JouBNAL has received from the McCon-
way & Torley Co.. of Pittsburg, Pa., a litUe book
that contains a world of useful information to
railroad men in general, but, particularly, to car
repair men.

The object of the book is to place definite in-
formation in the hands of the men, so that proper
repairs may be secured, and the many annoyances
incident to car troubles may be done away with.

A copy of this book will be sent free to any
railroad man who asks for it. Our readers are
requested to call the attention of car repair men
to this work, and to advise them to send for it.
IVrite, McConway & Torley Co., Pittsburg, Pa.

NoBBiSTOWN, Pa.— Lodge No. 610 is growing
rapidly, although the attendance at meetings is
sometimes small. We have one hundred and
sixty-eight members in good standing, due to
the hearty co-operation of all members, especially
our Master and other officers of the lodge.

Every member, who possibly can, should make
it a point to attend meetings, which are held the
first and third Sundays of the month.
Fraternally yours,

R. A. Sbssiok.
Lodge No. 610.

WORE "HEADLIGHT" OVERALLS AS BALL
COSTUMES. -

We believe all of our readers will be interested
in the "HEADLIGHT" ad, which appears on the
first page of this month's magazine. The men
whose pictures are there shown represent the
committee in charge of the recent ball, given by
the B. of L. F. & E. Lodge No. 127, of Winni-
peg, Manitoba.

They conceived the idea of all dressfng in com-
plete suits of "HEADLIGHT" overalls as their
ball costume. Looking at the photograph, it is
easy to believe that they were the hit of the even-
ing.

DiSAPPBABED.— Following is a ' description • of
Brother J. P. Kreisher, of Lodge No. 54; lost in
Chicago, since Friday evening, May 81st. He was
43 years of age, 6 feet tall, weighs 245 pounds,
light hair, sandy moustache, blue eyes, scar on
right side of nose. When last seen had on brown
small striped suit of clothes, with a T tear in
right leg of trousers. Had on a black soft hat,
and carried a small telescope grip. Please notify
all lodges in Chicago and western country, as it
is thought he might be demented* on account of

LOST!

The following articles herein mentioned as lost,
if found, will please be returned to the Financier
of the lodge of which the joser is a member.

C. R. Weirich, Lodge No. 158; receipts.

Harry Burgess, Lodge No. 65; receipts from
February to August.

G. E. Beaslcy, Lodge No. 747; receipts. Includ-
ing July, 1907; also order for secret work.

A. L. Dirr, Lodge No. 141; receipts, traveling
card, and Y. M. C. A. card.

R. J. Hawkins, Lodge No. 132; red leather
pocketbook, containing receipts, bills, etc.

A. Crittenden, Lodge No. 15; receipt case con-
taining B. R. T. and B. of L. F. & E. receipts
and cards.

W. J. Morrison, Lodge No. 122; pocketbook con-
taining receipts for June, July. August and Sep-
tember; also traveling card-

Wm. H. Hoxsie, Lodge No. 496; card case, con^
taining receipts, also a pass issued by the N. Y.,
N. H. & H. R. R., good on the Shore Line and
Taunton Divisions.

Frank B. Ewing, Lodge No. 1«8; card case, con-
taining one year's receipts, including August, one
meal ticket on Nelson gros., l^W>c, one mea|

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

833

ticket on Carlton, Beloit, and one ticket on An-
derson, Savanna.

G. F. Lawrence, Lodge No. 158; August O. R.
C. receipt, K. of P. and Elks receipts, B. & O.
pass, Y. M. C. A. card, and other papers. Return
. to the Y. M. C A., at Chicago, Ohio.
• • •

NEWARK LODGE NO. 219.

At our last meeting, July 28th, we had proba-
bly the smallest attendance on record, and this
in view of the fact that there are enough mem-
bers of this lodge living right here in the city of
Newark, not to mention near-by towns, to make
a good attendance. Some of our regulars were
not present either. This seems to be a failing
with other orders besides ours; but why, brothers,
should it be? We only meet twice a month, and
surely any man can spare at least one Sunday out
of four to meet with us. A well attended meet-
ing is an encouragment to the working force of
any lodge, while nothing is so discouraging as
to look around the x'oom at rows of empty chairs.
I am well aware that we are having our spell of
hot weather, and it is almost an effort for most
of us to move, even, but why not make an extra
effort, all of us, to be more regular in our lodge
attendance. Our sessions are not without inter*
est. Come and see us.

The summer season is almost over and soon
there will be more changes among the "boys"
and they will be settled down for the winter
months, and the baggagemasters will be happy.
Business is and has been good on the Lacka-
wanna and conditions are, in the majority, all that
could be desired. The chairman of our local
grievance committee is a conservative man, well
fitted for such an office.

Beginning with the advent of cooler weather,
No. 219 will inaugurate the system of holding
some Sunday meetings in Gladstone for the con-
venience of the brothers on the P. & D. branch
and immediate vicinity. This will be an innova-
tion for our lodge and we hope our members
who can will be with us on these occasions.

Arrangements are rapidly being completed by
the committee having in charge our anniversary
entertainment which will be held on September
11th. This lodge was twenty years old August
20th, and we intend to celebrate the occasion in
a befitting manner. A cordial invitation is ex-
tended to all members of the Order to be with
us; also we extend to the ladies of the L. A. to
the B. of R. T. in this vicinity a special invita-
tion to honor us by their presence on this occa-
sion. The affair will be held at 481 Broad street
(Masonic Hall) in the room on floor below our
lodge room. We hope that out of respect to this
grand old lodge every member who possibly can
will be present and help us to make this a grand
success.

With a feeling of good fellowship for all rail-
road men in our land who are Brotherhood men,
and a hearty desire to see every man in train or
yard service a member of our Order, I will close.
Journal Acbnt, No. 219.

Business Subscribers Received For
August

Under this head the Journal wt'll print once
the name, business and business address of each
business firm, or, of each person in business for
himself, or, representing a business firm as its
a^ent who subscribes for one year. The idea is
to inform our readers who amont; their businessmen
have subscribed and to recommend to them the
fairness of giving their patronage to those who have
patronized the Journal.

LOS ANGELES, CAL.
Received from N. J. Pemackel, Lodge No. 74:
Luckenbach & Co., Jewelers.

LAS VEGAS, NEV.
L F. Quintal, Turf Restaurant.
Arizona Club.
H. H. Farrell, Turf Saloon.
Nevada Hotel.

New York Store, Gents' Furnishings.
Boggs & Co., Confectionery ^nd Cigars.
Wilson Drug Co.
Dr. Ray W. Martin.
Ray T. Lockett, Cafe.
M. C. Thomas, Grocer.
A. II. Cramer, Barber dbop.

HEARNE. TEXAS.
Received from J. W. Maxwell, Lodge No. 167:
I. D. Hall, Restaurant.
John Lanmon, Barber,
v'ance Kirby, Cafe.

W. P. Ferguson, Cashier First National Bank.
J. Felton Lane, Lawyer.
C P. Welch. Broker.

A. B. Boyd, Druggist.

F. W. C. Karney, Saddler.

HOUSTON, tEXAS.
Commercial National Bank.

LONDON, ONT.
Received from Ct Veech, Lodge No. 416:
Dr. McNeel, 338 Dundas.
F. Simmons, Shoe Store, Dundas street.
J. Taylor, Hardware, 871 Adelaide street.
J. Frcyzell, Barber, 661 Dundas.

AMARILLO, TEXAS.
Received from V. O. Fountain, Lodge No. 608 »
Zillman & Son, Restaurant, 112 Lincoln.
J. C. Leaman, News Stand, 108 Lincoln.
Frank Winkler, Cafe, 108 Lincoln.

B. Mathias, O. K. Barber Shop, First street.
The Stag Saloon, 614 First.

C. J. Blackburn & Co., Clothiers, 104 Lincola.
Alex. Shields, Clothing, 113 E. Fourth street.
A. E. Parish, Elk Cafe, 309 Van Buren.

C. F. Mayer, Billiard Hall, 416 Polk.

Trent Bros., Drugs, 419 Polk.

Saylor & Kendall, Clothing, 414 Polk.

The Famous, Shoes and Clothing, 407 Polk.

Amarillo Bank & Trust Co., 400 Polk.

Drs. Johnston and Fly, Ebcrstadt Bldg.

Dr. J. P. Wood, Dentist, Ebcrstadt Bldg.

The Monarch Barber Shop, 416 Polk. •

Henry Bishop, District Attorney, Lock Box 122.

Wharton & Densmore, Pool Hall, 204 Lincoln.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

L. C. Barrett, Attorney at Law, Rooms 7-8,
Holland Building.
W. E. Gee, Attorney at Law, Room 2, 46 Polk.
N. H. Tudor, County Treasurer, 601 Lincoln.
Griffin & Collins, Grocery Co., 416 Polk.
Amarillo National Bank, 401 Polk.

SAN BERNARDINO, CAL.
Received from A. Ledgerwood, Lodge No. 278:
Julius Ohel, Wholesale Meats.
MICHIGAN.
Received from Wm. N. Trudeau, Lodge No.
367:

HANCOCK.

P. Ruppe & Son, General Merchandise.

Simon Fisher, Men's Furnishing and Clothing,
126 Quincy.

I. Blum, Cigars, Tobacco, etc., 203 Quincy.

August Pelto, Merchant Tailor, 215 Quincy.

W. J. Carroll, Barber Shop, 307 Quincy.

N. A. MeU, The One Price Clothier. 206 to 208
Quincy.

Frimodig & Co., Gents* Fumbhings, 110
Quincy.

Jacob Gartner, Dry Goods.

KEARSARGE.
J. P. Petermann, General Merchandise.

LAKE LINDEN.
John Bond, Barber Shop and Baths.

E. F. Sutton Co., General Merchandise.
L. Hennes & Co., General Merchandise.
John Peiffer, Groceries.

Bosch Brewing Co.
* E. Guilbrault, Manufacturing Jeweler.

LAURIUM.

Calumet Gas Co., Hecia street.

M. N. Seifut, Cigar Factory, L. Linden ave.

Bcnj. Marsh. Central Barber Shop, Cor. 4th
and Hecla streets.

Math. Samida, General Merchandise, 429 Os-
ceola.

Peter Heimlich, Jr., Cigar Factory, 321 Kcar-
sarge.

R. T. Harvey, Calumet Bottling Works.

Chas. Labine, Barber Shop, Cor. Third and
Osceola.

Leon Sacks, Globe Shoe Co., 102 6th street.

John R. Ryan, Livery and Undertaking, Cor.
O.h and Portland.

Burille & Ceuma, Confectionery, 220 Oak.

Hotel Michigan.

Baer Bro., Meats and Provisions, 201 5th.

SAXTON, PA.
Received from Elmer Oler, Lodge No. 755:
H. C. Huff, Shoe Dealer.

TRAVERSE CITY, MICH.
Received from A. G. Plant, Lodge No. 559:
Frank Agard. P. M. Eating House.

OSKALOOSA, lA.
Received from J. C. Dowcll, Lodge No. 152:
J. B. McCurdy, Furniture Co.
W. H. White, Meat Market, 208 S. "I"
Blun & Boundler, Shoe Store.

F. F. LafFerty, Groceries, 411 S. First street.

LOUISVU-LE, KY.

Received from H. A. Garfield, Lodge No. 156:

P. H. Eiaenminger, Cafe, 84th and Market.

H. L. Fleming, Dry Goods and Gents* Furnish-
ings, 3528 4 th street.

W. B. 'Hopkins, Druggist, S. W. Cor. 4th and
P streets.

T. J. Somre. Cafe, 816 W. P. street.

A. Plock, Drugs, 12th and Delaware.

Henry Stockhoff, Grocery and Cafe, 15th and
Oak.

Geo. Deckmann, Union Cafe, 222 E. Market.

T. A. Blanford, Funeral Director, 8111 4th ave.

Schuster Bros., Clothing and Furnishings, 108
£. Market.

Dr. U. N. Smith, 1212 Frankfort.
ST. LOUIS, MO.

Received from Katherine 6* Malley.

M. Mullen, Undertaker, Coleman and N. Mar-
ket.

St. LouB Regalia Co., 1120 Pine.

Ed. C. Keevil, Hatter, 118 N. 6th.
GALESBURG, ILL.

Received from R. A. Straub, Lodge No. 24:

J. W. Cavanee, Buffet, 63 S. Prairie.

J. Doll, Buffet, 85 S. Prairie.

Bank of Galesburg.

R. N. Hoopes, Union Hotel.

F. A. Dean, Undertaker, 63 N. Cherry.

E. B. Wade, Jeweler, 147 Main.

W. A. Anderson & Co., Shoes, 206 Main.

Spear & Otway, Illinois Hotel.

NIAGARA FALLS, N. Y.

Received from Wm. P. Crotty, Lodge No. 689:

Oscar Wagner, Market Hotel, Main and Lin-
wood avenue.

Dr. J. L. Bishop, Medical Examiner for B. of
R. T. and L. A. to B. of R. T., 2011 Main.

A. M. Thomas, Official Watch Inspector N. Y.
C. Lines, Arcade Bldg.

R. G. Van Wagoner, Groceries, 1907 Main.
FORT COBB, OKLA.

Received from C. ReniflF, Lodge No. 632:

James H. Deer, Farmer.

MEMPHIS, TENN.

Received from F. H. Stroud. Lodge No. 449:

Scblitz Brewing Co., N. Main.

H. C. Philyou, Saloon and Groceries. 613 N.
Main.

Benham Furniture Co., 4th and Poplar.
ARGENTA, ARK.

Argenta Steam Laundry, 508 Main.
PITTSBURG, PA.

Received from J. W. Stcmple, Lodge No. 244:

Wm. Baldwin, The Shoe Man, 4900 2nd a^^enue.

Diamond Real Estate Co., 4862 2nd avenue.

R. Duffy, Hotel and Restaurant, 4850 2nd ave.

George C. Helt, Cigar and News SUnd, 4800
2nd ave.

LONDON, ONT.

Received from Chas. Veech, Lodge No. 415:

J. A. Hatton. Tobacconist, 780 Dundas.

A. A. A. Arthurs, Dry Goods, 702 Dundas.

Elliott & Olmstead, Undertakers, 296 Dondas.
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835

POPLAR BLUFF. MO.
Received from Archie Lane, Lodge No. 699:
J. H. Perkine, Jeweler, 2008 S. Main.
John Macom, Merchant, 107 N. Main.
Ira W. Seybold. M. D., 817 Vine.

F. B. Nixon, Recorder of Deeds, Butler Co.
Wm. McGuire, Clerk of Circuit Court.
Furguson & Horstman, Hardware and Furniture.
Snyder-Hamilton Marc. Co., 231 S. Main.

G. W. Cameron, Jeweler, 117 S. Main.

J. J. Freer, Wines and Liquors, S. E. Cor.
Maine and Vine.

Armon Walker, General Merchandise, 100
Front.

HATTIESBURG, MISS.

Received from J. B. Coyle, Lodge No. 771:

Dozier Drug Co.

A. C. Cherry, Attorney at Law.

J. Dorham, Barber Shop, Pine street.

Dr. W. H. Doty, B. R. T. Surgeon.

J. L. Norton, Progress i^ffice.

JEFFERSON CITY, MO.

Received from J. L. Doolittle, Lodge No. 687:

C. J. Miller, Senate Bar.

LIMA, MONT.

Received from W. A. Perkins, Lodge No. 813:

S. B. Bumside, Wines, Liquors and Cigars,
Opera House Saloon.

BONHAM. TEXAS.

Received from R. S. Lee, Lodge No. 620:

A. Ives, Proprietor T. & P. Dining Hall.
HAMMOND, IND.

Received from Ernest Bedson, Lodge No. 731:

R. Colby, Saloon, 244 Fayette.

DODGE CITY, KAS.

Received from F. L. Dickinson, Lodge No. 96:

L. J. French & Co., Gents' Furnishing Store.

The Bee Hive, Dry Goods Store.

The Bargain Store.

LA JUNTA, COL.

J. A. Burwell, Jeweler.

SALIDA. COL.

Received from W. Henry Curtis, Lodge No. 31:

E. R. Alexander Mercantile Co., F street.

W. P. Williamson, Liquors, Cor. F. and First.

Charlie Fowler, Cafe, F street.

Phibbs & Hutchinson, Billiard Hall, 117 E First.

Borckenstine & Cooper, Agents for Wanita
Springs Rye, Cor. F and Front.
CALIFORNIA.

Received from Tim O'Brien, Lodge No. 74:
COLTON.

J. W. Lukes, Insurance Agent.

J. H. Brewster, Transfer Man.

Dr. H. M. Hays, Dentist

George F. Reeves, Barber Shop, Anderson
Hotel

E. W. Cosgrove, Jeweler.

Max, The Clothier.

J. W. Fauch, Cafe, 8th avenue.

O. L. Emery Hardware Co.

Stickney Bros., Butchers.

Prescott Fuller, Colton Club Stables.

Domenschenz & Co., Saloon.

R. E. WilHams, S. P. Lunch Counter.

J. Roussillor, Piano Dealer.

Colton Pharmacy.

D. W. Milletts, Department Store.

LOS ANGELES.
H. C Kelly, Saloon.

SACRAMENTO, CAL.
Received from A. Norton. Lodge No. 197:
Faust & McGinnis, Liquor Dealers, 601 J.
J. Lycke, Liquor Dealer, 615 K.
L. Idsardo, Liquor Dealer, 615 K.
H. L. Stick, Hatter, 815 K.
H. Georg«, Cigars, 501 K.
W. B. Welch, Cigar Store, 616 K.
J. Tofft, Restaurant, 517 K.
D. Griffiths, Cigar Store, 800 K.
S. Stone, Tailor, 431 K.
H. Schmidtgen, Cigar Store, 518 K.
G. Petrovitch, Restaurant, 1021 Third.

SPOKANE, WASH.

Received from F. £. Vogleson, Lodge No. 807:

J. B. Wilcox, Real Estate, 9 Division.

M. J. Beneke, Groceries and Provisions, E. 110
Third avenue.

Geo. Ledford, Division Cafe.

M. J. Malone, Pedicord Barber Shop.

A. B. McMadden, Queen City Liquor Store.

H. P. Leed, Proprietor Orpheum Bar, 208 River
avenue.

J. F. Richardson, Proprietor Division Street
Bar, 1 Division.

Simcn Piano Co., First and Post.

Wonder Department Store.

F. Yager, Sprague Street Cafe.

Museum Curio Jewelry, 253 River avenue.

BELLEVILLE. KANS.

Received from O. R. Walker, Lodge No. 400:

Foster Lumber Co.

Hostettler Bros. & Carstenson, Dry Goods and
Groceries.

H. L. Pierce, Jeweler,

Johnson Bros.. Hardware.

The National Bank.

McGEHEE. ARK.

Received from F. H. Stroud, Lodge No. 449:

W. H. Cheatham,, Railroad Eating House, cor-
ner 2nd and Pine.

Jones Liquor Co., 106 Front.

Isadore Freeman, The Hub Gothicr, 104 Front.

C. P. Jones, Tonsorial Parlors. 110 Front.

W. H. Murphy, Fine Liquors, 802 Front.

W. H. Hoover. Billiard and Pool, 106J4 Front.

W. Rudiscll. Meat Market and Furnished
Rooms, corner 2nd and Pine.

DODGE CITY. KANS.

Received from F. L. Dickinson. Lodge No. 96:

Rath & Bainbridgc, Druggists.

Home Furnishing Co.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Received from H. West, Lodge No. 484.

George Sheftel. Grocer, 633 Orleans PI., N. E.

M. B. Korman. Watchmaker, Jewels^ and Op|
tici«, 7M H. .treet, N. ^ n^^^i^yCoOglQ

836

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.'

McKEES ROCKS, PA.

Received from Jas. Nicodemus, Lodge No. 821:

Mrs. E. W. Carson, ResUurant, 612 Island
avenue.

Wellar & Nixon, Pool and Billiards, 703 Island
avenue.

Jno. F. Kings^ey, Hotel, 707 Island avenue.

W. B. Honker, Groceries, 516 Island avenue.

J. E. Grunder, Fresh Meats, 68t Island avenue.

Jno. J. McNamara, Hotel, 6446 2nd avenue.
BOONE. IOWA.

Received from J. M. Lawrence, Lodge No. 204:

F. R. Hinman, Grocer, 1026 Story.

N. R. Olson, Baker, 1023 Story.

Canier Bros. & Herman, Boots and Shoes. 901
Story.

£. J. Marsh, Jeweler, 818 8th.

Geo. Echstein, Jeweler, 810 8th.
PENNSYLVANL\.

Received from C. C. Burkholder, Lodge No.
218:

MILL RUN.

W. D. Yonkin, Farmer.

C. R. Burkholder, Farmer.

CONNELLSVILLE.

J. H. Cook, Carpenter, 822 Cottage avenue.

C. W. Port, Tailor, Pitts street.

James McGloin, Hotelkeeper.

B. Henry, Carpenter.

E. W. Homer, Tailor, 128 N. Pitts.

NICHOLA.
J. W. Burkholder, Stock Dealer.

DRAKETOWN.
W. M. Burkholder, Postmaster.
LINCOLN, NEB.
Received from Mrs. H. L. Dunn, L. A. 217:

F. B. Harris, Jeweler, 1187 O.

C. Straka, Grocer, 710 S. 10th.

M. H. Hickman, Grocer, 148 N. 14th.
E. Fleming, Jeweler, 1211 O.
The Sterling Oothing Store, 1217 O.
Sanderson Shoe Store, 1220 O.
Matthews Piano Co., 1120 O.

TUSCALOOSA, ALA.
Received from A. C. Lawhon, Lodge No. 161:
A. A. Shaw, Department Store.
W. A. Collier Drug Co.
The Snow Shoe Co.
Ben F. Eddins, Men's Furnishings.
Tuscaloosa Steam Laundry.
W. A. Hilbish, Sporting Goods.
Oak City Drug Co.
J. C. Hanley, Livery, Feed and Sale Suble.

D. L. Robertson, Groceries.
Foster Undertaking Co.
Fincher & Ozment Jewelry Co.

J. P. Qemenu, Ten Cent Store.
Roby Shoe Co.

M. F. Cannon & Son, General Merchandise.
The Eagle Store, Dry Goods, Clothing and Shoes.
J. Q. Bush, Lumber.
M. T. Ormand, Lawyer.
Simpson & Glick, Tailors.
Judge Henry B. Foster.

Maxwell-Raiford Jewelry Co., Watch Inspectors,
M. & O. R. R.
Neilson- Smith Shoe Co.
C. D. Smith, Hardware.

McCOOK, NEB.
Received from G. F. Kinghom, Lodge No. 487:
Dr. J. D. Hare.

NEW YORK CITY.
Received from H. F. Vollmer, Lodge No. 482:
Louis Bcrnet, Cigar Store, 126 Willis avenue.

NOTICE OF GRAND DUES ASSESSMENT No. 109
OCTOBER, 1907. TWENTY-FIVE CENTS.

GRAND LODQB OP THE

Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen.

OPPICC OP GRAND SECRETARY AND TREASURER.

TO SUBORDINATE LODGES: Clbvbland. Ohio. Sept. 1,. 1907

Dear Sirs and Brothrrs: You are hereby notified that the (mount of Twenty-PtT»
Cents for Grand Dues Assessment No. 109, for the month of uctober. 1907. isdus
from each and every memjl>er, and must be paid to the Financier before the first day of
October, 1907. A member faiUne to make payment as herein required shall be-
come expelled without notice or action. See Section 128. Constitution Subordinate
Lodces.

The Financier Is required to forward said Assessment to the Grand Lodrs before
Octobers. 1907, for each member on the roll, and
for members admitted or readmitted durlne the month of ^

October the Financier must send this Assessment with ^^'^'■i^JK .
the report of sdmission as per Section 105, Constitution ^Xy ^^^ - y

Subordinate Lodges. Z/

Fraternally yours. lawt WRnRRraiSMMA

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You'll Never Pass This Way Again

BY ADELBBRT CLARK

You'll never pass this way again,

So leave no duty partly done;
Ee loyal to your friends, and live

In fear of God, from sun to sun.
And while you live do kindly deeds

And show a heart sincere and true;
Live such a life that other men

Will care to pattern after you.

Some think it matters not, when we

Have passed this life of pain and tears,
But, friends, our kindly words and deeds

Will blossom on, in after years.
The world remembers godly men

And honor still their resting plot.
But, like the chafif, the worldly throng.

Soon pass away and is forgot.

The one who in the contest wins.

Though scarred by sin's unfettered creed,
Shall wear a crown of righteousness

Set thick with gems for each kind deed.
Shall hear the great Triumphant song,

And hear from God the **WeIcome in,"
For every deed of kindness done,

Shall hide a multitude of sin.

While at our best, we often fail,

'Tis meet that we should lock to Truth,
For Good and Evil born in men.

Is bound to follow sage and youth.
So learn the Master's kindest wish

And sow the best of manly grain.
Be honest with the world and friends, —

You'll never pass this way again.

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ON THE ALASKA CENTRAL RAILWAY NEAR GROUSE LAKE. ALASKA.

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PnbllalMd Monthly b/ (ha ifrotharhood of Ballroad TrainmMi.
Entered at the poet-offloe at Olereland, Ohio, aa Moond-olaaa matter.

D. L. CEASE ,,|3<iggS»^> , Subscbiption Prick

Bditob and Manaobb '"^g^aflg^ It.UO Per Year In Advance

Vol. XXIV. • OCTOBER 1907. No. 10

Why Working Women Must Organize.

MARGARET DRIER ROBINS.

I HE government report of the tion. Further, it is matter of common
census for 1900 shows that knowledge that wrong physical conditions
more than five million women react upon the women workers with most
were engaged in gainful occu- terrible significance. The conditions of
pations in the United States during that work in many of the trades into which
year. This report further shows that the women have entered put such a strain
average wage for these women was less upon the physical organization, that a brief
than $270 a year, and that more than 50 service precludes the possibility of mother-
per cent or over two million five hundred hood. This two-fold attack upon the
thousand women workers were under 24 homes of the working world indicates a
years of age. This extraordinary condi- loss to the commonwealth which is far-
tion marks a revolution in industry and is reaching and almost incalculable,
steadily increasing. Trades Unions among women have rec-
For so many centuries women have ognized these facts and faced them square-
worked as individuals in their own homes ly. Women are not willingly nor gladly
that they enter industry unorganized. They the underbidders in the labor market and
have no standard of hours, wages or the competitor against the home. They
working conditions. They take what is know that trade union organization gives
given and work as they are told. The them their chance to stand as fellow
first social eflFect of women in industry is workers with the men in the fight for the
to lower the standard of wages and living protection of the home,
for all laborers in related trades. This not In the Industrial Exhibit which was
only places the particular, women under held in Chicago last March under the di-
conditions of long hours and short pay, vision of "Women in Industry," the four
but it adds to the difficulties of those who remedies suggested for improving the
are seeking to maintain fair hours, fair standard of wages and hours were **educa-
wages and American standards for home tion, legislation, organization and the bal-
life in every trade. The wives and chil- lot." It is true that education is needed
dren of the men competing with women and that the skilled worker has the ad-
suflfer the heaviest costs of this competi- vantage over the unskilled, but it must

, Google

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840

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

not be forgotten that some of the most How large the wage must be to meet these

miserable wages today are paid the skilled conditions depends in a measure on the

worker in the sewing trade. Education cost of living and the following estimate is

alone is unable to meet the difficulties that based on present conditions in Chicago:

confront us and in America legislation has the week's expenses.

remained an ineffective factor in the Rent for room $2.00

struggle. No doubt the ballot in the hands Carfare 60

of the working women will be one of the Breakfasts 1.05

most decisive methods by which she can Lunches 70

command a hearing, but the greatest im- Dinners 2.10

mediate op- Laundry .60

portunity and Clothing 2.00

one within her Savings. .&

reach is iradi Dues ... .10

union organi^a- Vacation

iion, ' Fund.. .40

This is the

strongest fac- Total. .. $9.70
tor helping to This esti-
bring about mate docs not
fair wages, include inci>
shorter hours dentals, like
and decent soap, medi-
working con- cine, daily
ditions. These paper, mend-
three demands ings, etc., nor
constitute possible emcr-
what may be gencies like
termed a "liv- sickness,
ing wage." Neither does
Stated briefly, it take into ac-
and for the in- count church
dividual work- affiliations, the
ing woman privilege of
this means tliat giving to some
a girl who is friend in need,
putting her the right of
strength and recreation in
her ability in- books, the
to her work right to an ad-
whether that ditional car-
be at a skilled why WOMEN SHOULD ORGANIZE. fare on Sun-
trade or as an Cartoon by Luther D. Bradley. days or even-
unskilled ings, a visit to
worker, should be entitled to earn a suffi- the theatre, etc. It snould also be re-
. cient wage to make the following conditions membercd that the laundry item will be
possible: very much larger than fifty cents a week
A room to herself; food to produce during the summer months, when shirt
healthful living and efficient work; simple waists must be worn and a clean one
clothing; a chance for rest and recreation is almost a necessity every day in the
after the day's work and on Sundays; week. It is very true that many girls
time and opportunity for friendships; a wash and iron their own shirt waists as
two-weeks' vacation into the country and well as other clothing, but this means that
a possibility to save for emergencies by they take the time evenings and on Sun-
putting aside a certain sum each week, days; the latter day being also generally

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 841

used for the week's mending. It is not sary, however, to remember that a certain
tolerable to consider life isolated from amount of vitality is indispensable to mak-
family obligations and from joy in fellow- ing a fight for better conditions. Women
ship with others. * who by virtue of their "freedom ' of con-
Women can be organized. It is neces- tract" work in the sewing trades for 18

FINISHING PANTS AT HOME.
17 cents a dozen is paid for this work.

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842

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

A CHILD SLAVE.

hours a clay at a dollar and four cents a
week have not enough strength left after
such a struggle for bread to organize
themselves for protective purposes. The
skilled working women owe it to their fel-

low workers to make such conditions im-
possible. The new form of association,
recognized by nearly all organized work-
ers of bringing within their union every
unskilled member affiliated with the trade,

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

843

is not only the soundest economic position
to maintain, but the only moral position
possible.

The girl who holds herself aloof from
the trade union movement because her
own skill can command a decent wage is
as responsible for the miserable lives of
women and children in the sweated trades
as is the "daughter of privilege** who re-
fuses to recognize her kinship and obliga-
tion with the working poor.

For more than thirty years the British
Women's Trade Union League has called
into active co-operation not only the skill-
ed union women to help organize their un-
skilled fellow workers, but women of priv-
ilege as well whose leisure and strength
have been placed at the service of those
women to whom have been denied the ele-
mentary conditions of right living.

Following this successful English prece-
dent the National Women's Trade Union

League of America, organized in 1903, has
sought to concentrate the efforts of union
women and their allies on this same prob-
lem. Every thoughtful, educated woman
realizes that she shares the responsibility
with the community not only for existing
vicious conditions, but for the necessary
leadership and resource required to se-
cure just working conditions and a better
home life for the working women of
America. All right thinking people every-
where unite in recognizing the moral and
social welfare behind the demand for an
eight-hour day and a living wage for all
working women in every trade. When
these demands are realized a permanent
foundation is laid and a genuine oppor-
tunity given, for expression of the finer
spiritual issues in the lives of working
women with power to work out every gift
of nature and to live out every resource
of body, mind and heart.

The Passing Of The Pay Car.

BY C. F. CARTER.
(Copyright 1907 by the Phillips Publiihing Company. Reproduced by special arrangement with

The AmeHcan Magazine,)

RAILROADING isn't any fun any
more. Sordid commercial folk
in Wall Street, with never an
idea in their noggins but to in-
vest money and make it pay dividends,
have improved all the romance out of hfe
on the rails.

They reduced grades and straightened
kinks and eliminated low joints and high
centers and wooden culverts and crazy
bridges until a ride over the division is
about as thrilling as walking to church.

Air brakes have so thoroughly crowded
out the good old Armstrong kind that a
brakeman has no use for skill or judgment
or muscle or even a vocabulary in stopping
a train. The engineer does all that is neces-
sary with a slight twist of the wrist.

As for making a coupling, a brakeman no
longer mines in the cinders on the back of
the tank until he digs up a rusty old link
aut! a couple of pins and, taking these in

one hand and his life in the other, sprints
down the center of an unballasted track and
over unprotected frogs and guard rails six
inches ahead of a string of cars rolling back
at the rate of fifteen miles an hour. No ; in
these days of slavish adherence to M. C. B.
standards he just stands around smoking
cigarette's with an air of ennui and lets the
cars couple themselves.

No more does he fracture the handle of*
the fireman's coal hammer and his own
peace of mind in vain endeavors to pound a
stub switch open after a grilling summer
sun has expanded the rails until they are
stuck as tight as if they were welded. A
fellow in a dog house on a pole away off
yonder, by manipulating a few dainty
levers, throws the switches for him.

They have replaced the little old eight-
wheel engines, with their ear-splitting, stac-
cato bark, with compound steel mountains,
with cylinders like hogsheads-^nd nozzles
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844 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

so big that the exhaust is gentle as a lover's melting, extra special wedge of pie you

whispered nothings, for no better reason didn't order, for desert, along with the ice

than a desire to keep coal consumption cream and nuts and raisins and fruit and

down. No more can the engineer and fire- pudding and shortcake you did order?

man have a nice sociable quarrel in the cab Those girls knew how to work a fellow for

whenever cither's hair pulls a little, for now tips about pay day, didn't they?

they are so widely separated they only see At last, one day as you were letting *em

each other on Sundays. down hill into the junction, the operator

Trains, instead of being made up of a pulled his train order signal on you. Your

dozen or so of pill boxes, now consist of a heart leaped into your throat because you

string of warehouses on wheels so long that knew

when the front end is arriving at its des- Well, you just felt it in your bones,

tination the hind end is just pulling out at You went down the side of the car with-

the other end of the division. out knowing how you did it and sprinted

No more do engineer and conductor, for the switch to head *em in on the passing

watches in hand, make nice calculations on track, and then flew to the station on winged

the time they can steal to make a meeting feet, leaving the engineer to hold 'em with

point that has a siding long enough to avert the driver brakes or let 'em run oftt at the

the necessity of sawing past. Roads are lower end as he chose. And the gfrumpy

double-tracked and four-tracked and block- old curmudgeon stopped *em beautifully,

signaled till all a man has to do is to tnmdle without so much as saying "boo," when on

along from block to block until his run is any other occasion he would have unloosed

ended and repeat the process until he is re- a torrent of vituperation that would have

tired on a pension. • set the tires on fire, and would have fol-

Ah, no ! Railroading isn't what it used to lowed it up by heaving a monkey-wrench at

be. But if those Wall Street money grub- you if you had been in range,

bers had only left us the Pay Car all else There behind the counter was the Old

could have been forgiven. Man looking over the shoulder of the

Do you remember how, in the good old operator, who was spelling out the order

days, the decrepit jokes about what was to without breaking oftener than every second

be done when the Pay Car came were taken word :

out of the moth balls along about the tenth "Train No. 7, Conductor Flatwheel, En-

of the month and dusted off and put gineer Poundem, will meet Pay Car special,

through their paces? Conductor Linkenpin, Engineer Moriarty, at

How, toward the fifteenth, a feeling of Emerson." .

sprightliness gradually stole over every one Such an air of nonchalance as Old Man

from the wipers in the round house to the Flatwheel did assume as he turned away to

lucky dogs who had passenger runs? discuss with the hind man the advisability

Ho.v this exuberance swelled in volume of making a switch of that through car of
as the forte pedal was put on in anticipa- corn next the engine to get it behind the
tion, until toward the eighteenth everybody way cars so we wouldn't be bothered with
went about with a broad grin and nerves all it at Lyons in doing our work on those
a-tingle like you feel when the orchestra is heavy grades, and affected to forget that he
playing the creepy music to accompany the was getting orders until the operator called
villain's midnight assault with intent to him over to sign them. He was so slow
l^jll p about his signature that before the dispatch-
How, still later, everybody drifted down er's O. K. was received you looked out of
to the depot about four times a day to ask the big bay window and saw the section
the station agent if he had heard anything gang which was working just beyond the Y
about the Pay Car, until he grew as crabbed throw down their shovels and run down the
as a setting hen? track like a herd of stampeded steers.

How, about the twenty-second, the waiter There, just coming around the curve, was

girls at the Depot Hotel would give you a a glittering vision of brass and varnish half

saucy wink and bring you a great, jucy, hidden in a nimbus of smoke and dust. Two

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

845

short blasts on a whistle greeted the gang,
the vision hesitated for a minute, while the
section men disappeared in the nimbus and
reappeared as suddenly as if they had been
shot out of a gun, and here came the vision
gliding up to the platform with bell ringing
and pop valve sputtering sotto voce, like a
young lady trying to suppress a ticklish
cough.

It was the Pay Car.

At this point you lost consciousness.

Some time later, while still as one in a
dream, you realized that your numbed
senses, beginning at the pilot, had taken in
every detail of this romantic visitation of
opulence.

Never was there such an engine as the
one which pulled the Pay Car. At each joint
in her jacket was a band of brass four
inches wide. Dome, sand box, steam chests
and cylinders were encased in brass, pol-
ished until you could have seen to shave in
it. Her front end and her dainty straight
back rubbed with plumbago until they shone
like a small boy's heel. All her bright work
was smooth and spotless and glittering,
while all the rest of her surface was striped
and curlicued with all the colors the gen-
eral shops could mix.

Moriarty, the lucky runner of this para-
gon, in a clean checked jumper left open at
the neck to show a gorgeous red tie in
which a diamond glittered, a hard boiled
cady cocked jauntily over his left ear, was
lolling out of the cab window in such a way
that all the world might see that he wore
kid gloves while on his engine. Moriarty
was something ot a swell and he didn't care
who knew it.

His only rival in sartorial effulgence was
Pete Swanson, his Swede fireman, who was
leaning out of his cab window with a stony
glare fixed on vacancy, affecting to watch
for signals. Of course he knew that all the
signals which concerned him would be given
with the bell cord ; but his zealous attention
to duty relieved him of the necessity of
recognizing his humbler fellow mortals.

No plebeian overclothes eclipsed Pete's
glory. There was the square-cut black coat
that no one but a railroad man ever wore —
you know the kind — a vest of fancy red
cloth, trousers with stripes that you could
hear ten car-lengths away, square-toed

shoes with soles half an inch thick, and a
stiff-bosomed shirt with red and white
stripes. On this foundation reposed a black
satin puff tie held together by a locomotive
done in gold. On his head at a rakish angle
was one of those soft hats of the peculiar
block affected exclusively by railroad men
a score of years ago. No, you didn't need
to read the tag to discover that Pete was a
railroad man.

Coupled to the engine was a wheeled
palace built on graceful lines in freshly
varnished yellow paint which rivaled the
brass work on the engine in brilliance. The
plate-glass windows were curtained with
bright-hued brocade. Not a speck nor a
flaw was to be seen. Even the yellow wheels
bore only so much dust as had been gath-
ered on the day's run. Through an open
window came fragrant odors, while in the
background a white jacket surmounted by
a black face vibrated at intervals.

All this time Old Man Flatwheel was
heading a little procession bound toward
the rear platform of the Pay Car at a gait
which he assumed but once a month. Flat-
wheel had conscientious scruples against un-
due exertion, so he always had the caboose
stopped at the station platform so that with-
out dissipating his energies he could saun-
ter in to gas with the agent until the hind
man announced that the work was all done
and that we were ready to go. Then he
would get his orders or a clearance and tell
the hind man to give 'em the sign and
saunter back to the caboose before they
got to rolling. But to have seen the anima-
tion with which he swung himself aboard
the Pay Car would have created the im-
pression that he was the only working rail-
road man on the division.

At his side stalked Panhandle Dan, the
engineer, his face actually wreathed in
smiles. Panhandle Dan had a chronic
grouch from 12:01 a. m. January 1 to 11:59
p. m. December 31, except for three minutes
once a month. On the way to the Pay Car
he always perked up a bit and was even
known to crack a joke with Old Man Flat-
wheel.

After these two came the hind man talk-
ing incessantly with the fireman. Charley
always was talking that way. He had an
automatic tongue which never ran down.

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Half the time he didn't know he was talk-
ing. His was what the doctors would diag-
nose as a reflex conversation.

Frank, the fireman, was the only sober
one. He, poor fellow, was doing sums in
mental arithmetic, trying to figure out how
on earth $58.60 could be made to pay all
necessary bills for a helpless father and
mother, a wife and four kids, besides board
hills for a man who was obliged to be away
from home half the time.

Then there was the operator, in shirt
sleeves and careworn air, hoping he could
get back to his key before the dispatcher
lost his temper ; the agent, placidly smiling ;
and the two coal heavers from the coal shed
with an expression of almost human intelli-
gence struggling up through numberless
strata of grime and whiskers. After thirty
days of humping over a scoop shovel in a
choking smother of dust they were now
about to be recompensed with thirty seconds
of bliss in which they could fondle real
money with their own hands. After that
the storekeeper would do the fondling and
feel bad because there wasn't more.

You had presence of mind enough to float
into the Ppy Car in the wake of the others.
There were nine in the little party and you
knew by experience that the average time
required to pay nine men was sixty seconds;
also that Moriarty would have *em rolling
before the last man had scooped his allotted
coin into his trembling palm.

But in the presence of death or the pay-
master one may live an eternity in sixty
seconds. How glad you were that you had
not been rude and rushed ahead of any-
body,' even the coal heavers! Now your
hungry soul could have the uttermost sec-
ond in which to revel in

Great Mackerel! Just look at it!

A metal coin rack crammed to the muzzle
with three denominations of yellow boys,
flanked with silver, and on the desk behind
it a very large wooden tray on which were
long columns of yellow coins. D*ye ever
see anything so pretty in all your life? No
wonder your eyes stuck out until you could
have used 'em for hat pegs.

And all the time an exquisitely musical
"tinkle-tinkle, clink-clink" welled up from
coin rack and counter in response to the

calls of the assistant paymaster. Talk about
Beethoven's symphonies I

If it were not for that strong wire screen
you could have touched that fascinating
tray. For the infinitesimal fraction of a
second a wicked thought flitted through
your brain. Then you almost fainted as
your roving eye stared down the barrel of a
monstrous revolver. It was only in a rack,
but it was within easy reach of the pay-
master's hand and most eloquent for all
that. Half a dozen of its fellows lay in the
handiest places, with as many Winchesters
lying on tables and settees, came in strong
on the chorus.

Hurriedly your vagrant wits busied them-
selves with all the Sunday-school lessons
you had ever learned. As your subconscious-
ness perceived that the head of the road's
secret service department stood on the plat-
form with his eyes intent on every man in
the car at once, while Conductor Linkenpin
stood on the ground outside very much
alert, with his coat tail bulging suggestively,
your bosom swelled with pride over the
watchful care the company had exercised to
bring its honest toilers their hard-earned
money.

From the lithograph of Caroline Miskel
Hoyt on tHe wall to the little hollows in the
hard mahogany counter worn out by the
attrition of the hundred and twenty-eight
million dollars in wages the paymaster had
plunked down on that spot since this first
Pay Car ever built had been commissioned,
you kept on absorbing details until your
name was called.

A still greater rush of blood to your head
caused you to gulp violently. Mechanically
you lifted your hand to touch the pen as the
others had done, and turned to go.

"Here? Come back and get your
money."

When you came out of your trance you
were standing in the middle of the track,
your eyes wandering from some yellow
objects in your hand to a nimbus of smoke
and dust which was just tipping over the
hill to the accompaniment of the diminuen-
do flutter of Moriarty's exhaust.

But now!

Oh, well ! After you have washed up on a
certain day in each month you trudge
drearily down to the station all alone, walk

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in, and lolling on the counter, affect to look uncertainty to put a wire edge on anticipa-

indifferent and say : tion, no fleeting vision of brass and varnish

"Hello, John !" and opulence wreathed in a halo of romance

And the agent, after going over a column to leave a golden taste in your mouth for a

of figures three times, replies, "Hello, Bill," day, nothing but a measly old check handed

and gets up and goes to the safe and fum- over a commonplace counter by a man who

bles over some papers and hands you lives next door to you.

A check ! Why couldn't they have left us the Pay

No jokes, no infectious sprightliness, no Car?

The Duties Of The Employers.

I HE storm center of our social and ing the richer or employing class — first,

industrial life today seems to "He that hath two coats, let him give to

lie in this relationship of em- him that hath none;" second, "Exact no

ployment. It is asserted by many more than is your due." Jesus gave no

that Christianity has failed to penetrate definite rules in reference to this question

into the relationship between employer and of employment He gave but one lane for

employe, and that this relationship is in- all men: "Whatsoever ye would that men

congruous with that of Christian brother- should do to you do ye even so to them."

hood. There are doubtless those who would He came not to alter men by legislation,

be conscious of an incongruity if one of but by giving men a new spirit. He knew

their domestic servants took a seat next to that whoever truly felt the touch of his

them in church. There are gentlemen who spirit and was converted from selfishness

do not feel it proper to bow to the cook to love, would deal far better with this

on the street, when they would thus recog- question of employment than any law could

nize a woman of even inferior social po- make him do.

sition, who was not in this relation of em- Wherever men were filled with his spirit
ployment. What does this feeling indicate immediate changes resulted in their rela-
in reference to domestic service? It is an tions to their employes. Hermes, a Chris-
important question, for by the last census tian, and prefect of Rome under Trojan,
one-quarter of the population of Massa- on the day that his 1,250 slaves were bap-
chussets, 750,000 individuals, are engaged in tised, gave them all their freedom and as-
domestic service. sistance to gain a livelihood. His example
There are also few of us, said Rev. John was followed by the wealthy Romans, who
Hopkins Denison, in The Carpenter, who were afterward converted, one actually set-
have not been inconvenienced by the strug- ting free 8,000 slaves. The poorer Chris-
gle which is going on in the industrial tians did the same in lesser degree,
world which manifests itself in strikes. One- Let us seek to determine if the spirit
fifth of the population of Massachusetts arc that produced these results in the early
engaged in manufacture, about the same epoch is still active in the relationship of
number as are in the public schools. About employment today.

10 per cent of the population are in trade The employer of today very largely in-
and transportation. Only 2 per cent are in sists that the best worker shall receive no
professional employments. We see, then, more than the poorest is willing to work
that the largest portion of the population is for. It is asserted that labor must be
affected by this question. bought in open market, and that all inter-
When we turn to the Bible we find that ference is wrong. The reward of the la-
upon reporting of their sins the people borer by this method depends on the num-
asked of John the Baptist what they should ber of laborers who apply, and not on the
do. He gave two rules to those represent- worth of the service or the skill required.

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If there are too few laborers they will meaning of the situation and understand

charge more than the work is worth. why men are becoming socialists. They

In the Boston colony in 1650, laborers live on such a narrow margin that the

were so scarce and wages so low that a slightest accident is ruin,

law was passed fixing the wage. Today When we consider that in one year 81,-

we find exactly the opposite state of af- 000 railroad employes are injured, we can

fairs. There are too many laborers, con- imagine the frightful suffering that would

sequently the competition for so many of result were there no agencies at work but

them to work for less than their service plain competition.

is worth, until in unskilled labor they are Competition would be fair if the labor-
forced down by the competition of men er had an equal advantage with the em-
who have starving families to support to ployer, but when he is under the lash of
the very lowest possible amount upon which starvation, when it is impossible for him
a man can keep flesh on his bones and to move to a fairer market for lack of
breath in his body. money, while his employer can import

There is a limit below which wages can- cheap labor over his head, competition be-
not go. It is the death of the man by comes the most hideously unfair process
starvation. In this country skilled labor that can be imagined.

has been brought a good ways above this jhe real difficulty is in the impersonal-
level, but unskilled labor is perilously near j^y ^f modern industrial relations. The
it. There is no sadder commentary on the employer does not know his men and their
unselfishness of human nature than the way families. He simply considers his own side,
in which the recently published book, "The He knows the pressure from his stockhold-
Jungle," was received. It is a study of ers. It is the manager and foreman who
the situation of the unskilled laborer in ^eal with the men. They know simply
America and the frightful conditions in j^^t they will lose their positions unless
which he is placed. The only impression ^he work is done according to a certain
it made on the mind of the public was a schedule of profits. The whole work be-
fear that some little taint might have come ^omes, therefore, a great machine, a perfect
into their food. The agonizing struggle of Juggernaut, crushing relentlessly the lives
the laborer passed entirely over their heads, ^f human beings in order to proceed upon
The book gives an awful picture of a horde j^s way. The employer and employe are
of men, ragged, white-faced, desperate, divided by an impassable chasm. Each is
fighting with one another for the chance to absolutely impervious to the situation of the
endure the most frightful labor and exhaus- other.

tion for a few pennies, because death is jhjs j^ shown, perhaps, even more in its

staring them, their wives and their chil- effect upon children. Here it is not merely

dren in the face. The story was perfectly a question of food, but of proper develop-

possible in 1895. I question if it could hap- m^nt, future ability and happiness. Because

pen today. parents are poor and starving, children

If any of you had seen the long line of work,
good-looking workingmen standing until 12 When the factories first came in children
o'clock at night to wait for a crust of were apprenticed to mill owners by the
bread ; if any of you tried during that sea- overseers of the poor, sometimes by their
son to get work for some poor fellow who parents. They worked in stench, in heated
had a starving family, and witnessed the rooms, forced on by blows from heavy
utter despair with which he returned each hands and feet and instruments of punish-
day when he had no work, and his heroic ment. Sometimes they were fed after the
effort to keep up the severest toil when pigs and often with poorer food. They
work was found, upon insufficient nourish- worked sixteen hours at a stretch. If they
ment and when he could scarcely stand; tried to run away irons were riveted on
if any of you have tried in behalf of such their ankles. If they fell asleep from ex-
men to curry favor with politicians as the haustion they were ducked with cold water,
only means of help — you can realize the This was the way the competitive system

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849

worked in Christian England a century ago.
Thanks to philanthropists and reformers
conditions are better today.

The conditions of women's labor have
been scarcely better. The difiBculty with
the work of women and children is that
thdr labor can be forced down to a low
point because many of them live at home
and work only to add to the home income.
The result is, these people are brought into
competition with those dependent entirely
on their own work.

What is the remedy for this situation?
Shall we give charity to these people? Many
employers are putting in various charitable
and benevolent enterprises. It is found that
this only angers men, who feel they are
unjustly dealt with. Shall we as Christians
simply preach the gospel to them and tell
them we cannot interfere with labor con-
ditions?

The laboring man realizes that he is ab-
solutely at the mercy of selfishness and
greed. It is only through the labor unions
that the workingmen have been able little
by little to better their conditions. They
have done many things that were unjust

and many things that make the blood boil
with indignation, but anyone who will con-
sider their side will not be surprised.

Much fault is found with the sympa-
thetic strike, but when you find a working-
man who is doing well who will leave his
work and go out with his wife and family
to face hunger and want, simply in order
to better the condition of some poor fellow-
workman in another employment, and per-
haps another state, a man whom he has
never seen, do you not here find a truer ex-
emplification of Christian brotherhood than
is found among most church members?
Would you be willing to do the same to
help one of your fellow-members?

There is one remedy which ought to be
at once insisted upon; that is, there should
be established a minimum wage, below
which the laborer cannot be driven by com-
petition. That wage should be sufficient to
enable him to live comfortably. This, how-
ever, is not a true remedy. What is really
needed is that employers should be con-
verted, that they should feel the spirit of
Christ as those early Romans felt it, and
then they should come into personal rela-
tions with their employes.

Swiss Railways For The Swiss People.

IWITZERLAND has celebrated
its six hundredth anniversary
as a republic and unless there
is a general war in Europe
that destroys its independence it will live
long in history as the one nation that has
preserved its republican form of govern-
ment through the agreements between five
great powers of Europe, namely. Great
Britain, Germany, Austria, Portugal and
Russia, arranged at the treaty of Paris in
1815.

The country started with a confedera-
tion of three cantons known as the '^forest
states" in 1291 to which period belongs the
story of William Tell, who, according to
popular belief, was one of the leaders in
the movement.
The federation of states grew until fin-

ally twenty-two states called cantons, each
having independent government in its own
affairs but united in aU 'general questions,
has resulted. Each* canton has its own
constitution which it may revise without
help or hindrance from any of the others.
Theoretically any canton can withdraw
from the federation of states and go it
alone, but if it did, the others would whip
it- back into line regardless of the theory
of its independence.

Switzerland is not a republic, as we un-
derstand the term, although the present
tendency is toward our form of govern-
ment. The legislation has been in the di-
rection of centralization of all power on
the federal authorities.

The initiative and referendum is not in
vogue in all of the cantons, but the influ-

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ence of the plan appears to be pretty gen- portation. Incidentally, it also controls

erally accepted. The general government everything else that needs it.

corresponds to ours, although it has greater Its management of the railway lines, of

powers. It controls the railways, tele- which it has full control, except of the few

graphs, mails, telephone and water trans- lines that run to the tops of the mountains,

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is of particular moment to Americans who
are interested in the question of govem-
-mcnt regulation, or control, of transporta-
tion.

A chapter entitled "Lessons From Other
Lands," and taken from "The Railways,
jie Trusts and the People," gives a short
Aory of the Swiss management of its
three great railways. It says, in part:

In anticipation of the possibility of na-
tional purchase, the Government had pass-
ed "accounting laws" in 1883 and 1896,
subjecting the railway companies* ac-
counts to rigid regulation and inspection,
so that the books would show the real
costs of construction and the real net
profits justified by the earnings, instead of
possible fictitious values.

Under the provisions adopted by Gov-
ernment resolution in 1852 and substan-
tially incorporated in the railway charters
of that and subsequent years, the Federa-
tion might take the railways at stated
times (the 30th, 45th, 60th, etc., years of
the franchise) on giving three years' no-
tice, and paying twenty-five times the
average net profits for the ten years pre-
ceding the announcement of purchase, or
the construction value, whichever rule
produced the larger sum in any case, de-
duction being made for any sum necessary
to bring the road up to standard condi-
tion. The construction cost, less deprecia-
tion, was estimated by the Government at
$173,000,000, and the indemnity, on the
net profit basis, was placed at' $174,838,000,
but the actual indemnity to be paid was
calculated at $192,835,000, because of the
requirement that the State should pay each
road the maximum resulting from either
method of calculation. The Government
appropriated $200,000,000 in June, 1899, for
the acquisition of the roads.

An agreement was reached with the
Central, November 5, 1900; with the
Northeast, June 1, 1901; with the Union,
November 22, 1901; and with the Jura-
Simplon, May 5, 1903. The title to the
first two railways vested in the Federa-
tion, January 1, 1901 (the agreement being
retrospective in case of the Northeast).
The former managers and employes were
continued in place, and the roads were

operated by the companies' staff on behalf
of the State until January 1, 1902. Even
when the State took the direct control as
little change as possible was made in the
staff or the ranks of employes. The Union
was transferred January 1, 1902, and since
then the republic has operated directly the
three systems. Central, Union and North-
east. January 1, 1903, the Jura-Simplon
passed into the possession of the State,
and the four railway systems were co-or-
dinated into one, including nearly the
whole of the primary railways in one
government system under direct manage-
ment of the Republic. The Gothard is not
to be taken over until 1909. Notice of
purchase was given the road in 1904, and
negotiations were opened with the subsi-
dizing countries — Germany and Italy — to
secure an agreement with them.

During the period of negotiation condi-
tions changed considerably, making cor-
rections necessary in the estimates of the
indemnities. The construction cost had
to be calculated down to 1903, and it was
to be expected that the estimates of 1897
would need modification, as in fact the
Government itself predicted in its message
containing the estimates. The change was
specially great in the case of the Jura-
Simplon, which during this time spent
some 20,000,000 francs (including the sub-
sidies from Italy, etc.) in tunneling the
Simplon. The amount of depreciation was
also an open question. The Central com-
pany especially disputed the Federal esti-
mates.

The total indemnities actually paid for
the four railways now in the Govern-
ment's possession was $186,075,000, about
28 millions more than the lowest prelimi-
nary estimate, and $13,200,000 above the
preliminary estimates excluding the ques-
tion of depreciation, most of the difference
being due to change of condition by ex-
penditure for new construction, the Jura-
Simplon covering the bulk of it

For three years now, beginning with
1903, nearly all of the principal railways
have been operated by the Government,
and the results appear to be highly satis-
factory to the Swiss people in general,
though not satisfactory to some French,

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English and American visitors, who re- needed extensions have been large. When
gard the matter from the corporation the Government took the roads most of
point of view and do not see anything them were single tracked ; it is double

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much in a railway system but the divi- tracking all the important lines. Road

dends. beds, tracks and stations have been re-

The expenditures required to put the built. New cars and locomotives have

lines in good condition and make the been put in the place of a lot of old roll-

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ing stock which the new management sent and rates have been reduced, the Govern-
to the junk heap. Train service has been ment taking the lowest rate in force on

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increased, about 10 per cent more trains any railroad and making that the stan-
being run than under company manage- dard rate for all the roads. Interest on
ment. Wages have been decidedly raised ; the bonds has been provided, and more

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

than $330,000 has been set aside each year
for the sinking fund that is to extinguish
the capital in less than sixty years.

Although considerable economies were
effected in some directions, the large ex-
penses above indicated have prevented the
balance sheet from having a pleasing ap-
pearance to one who has a craving for im-
mediate profits; after two or three years
more of necessary improvements and ex-
tensions the roads may make a favorable
showing to the commercial eye as well as
to the human eye.

The service on the Swiss railways will

that rates are high in Switzerland, not so
high as they were under the company re-
gime, but still higher than those in use in
most other countries.

The average ton-mile rate on goods
traffic was 2.84 cents under the companies
just before the transfer, and 2.64 cents in
1903, the first year of complete public man-
agement. These rates are high, but it
must be remembered that they include the
express ; that Switzerland is a nest of moun-
tains; and that the soil is poor, the re-
sources small and the traffic light. Re-
member, too, that there are no rebates or

THE COTHARD EXPRESS, SWITZERLAND.

not compare favorably with ours. Neither
will their stores and factories for the most
part, but the Government railway service
is better than the company service was in
Switzerland.

The third class cars, in which the bulk
of the people ride, are cleaner and the
speed better than in many parts of France,
and they are heated from the engine in-
stead of using the hot-water bottles so
common in third class French and Eng-
lish cars.

Local conditions account for the fact

secret rates in Switzerland to cut down
the average rate.

The average passenger rate was 1.54
cents a mile under company management
and 1.35 cents under public management.
The third class rates, on which about nine-
tenths of the people ride, average only a
shade over a cent a mile (1.12 cents). Com-
mutation tickets are sold for 5^ of a cent a
mile third class, and tickets for working-
men and school children are 1-3 of a cent
a mile (1 cent a mile second class and 1%
cents if you want to go first class, which is

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entirely unnecessary, as the other cars are
very comfortable). Circular tickets are sold
at low rates for touring the country.
Monthly tickets can be had allowing you to
travel without limit on any of the railways
of Switzerland at $11 third class, $15 second
and $22 first. For a six months' ticket you
pay $45, $59 or $104, according to class.
If you used your ticket pretty steadily you
could, on day trips alone, travel for a tenth
of a cent a mile on the monthly, and less
than that on the semi-annual.

The principles followed in making rates
are the same as those on which the best
company systems base their rates except
in one respect — the rates are made for pub-
lic service, not for private profit. Distance
and cost form the foundation of the rate
system, upon which such special adaptations
are erected as may be required to meet the
needs of commerce, agriculture and indus-
try, and conform to the value, bulk and
other conditions of the traffic, aid educa-
tion and the working classes, and facilitate
social and business intercourse.

It was regarded as of prime importance
to make the administration of the national
railways as independent as possible of the
other parts of the Federal administration
and protect it from every political influence.
For this purpose the railway management
was placed in a general directory of 5 or
7 members, and five circuit or division di-
rectories of 3 members each, and along
with these executive bodies the law estab-
lished deliberative councils representing
general public and commercial interests on
the principle of the Prussian railway coun-
cils, though on a somewhat diiferent plan,
the councils having much more than advis-
ory powers in the management of the rail-
ways. In fact, the "administrative council'*
is really a national board of directors for

the railways elected by the States, the na-
tional executive committee or cabinet, and
the circuit councils represent agriculture,
trade and industry and the general public
interest. This has worked excellently. The
railway administration is absolutely free
from the taint of party politics, and the
roads are operated on sound economic prin-
ciples for the benefit of the whole com-
munity.

The people of Switzerland have their
railways in their own hands in a triple way.
1. Through the operation of the roads by
their own agents and managers. 2.
Through the supervisory, advisory and reg-
ulative powers of the councils representing
national and State interests, agriculture,
commerce and manufactures. 3. Through
the general supervision and legislative con-
trol of the regular Government elected by
all the people. And back of it all is the
splendid power afforded by the initiative
and referendum which permits any question
that may^arise to be called before the people
themselves for direct and final decision at
the polls. If the railways are not just what
the people want them to be, they will have
no one to blame but themselves.

The great lessons of Swiss railway his-
tory are that there may be ample reason for
the nationalization of railways even where
there is no stock watering or discrimination
or railroad lobby ; that the extension to na-
tional affairs of the referendum principle
which constitutes the core of our famous
New England town meeting system makes
it very easy to nationalize the railways or
accomplish any other purpose the people
may desire, even if the Government of the
day were not favorable to it; and that it is
entirely practicable to put the administra-
tion of the railways above party politics and
secure their efficient management as co-
operative business enterprises.

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The Actual Cost Of Living.

ALBERT BRITT.

I HIS is an era of great prosperity
— the newspapers daily attest
it; employers of labor pro-
claim it ; organized labor ad-
mits it, at least to the extent of claiming
that it is at last, thanks to its own efforts,
securing a part of the rightful share that
has hitherto been withheld from it; and
Government reports point to high wages
and continued employment as proof of the
same desirable condition.

But what is prosperity? To the capital-
ist it is large and frequent dividends. To
the farmer, the manufacturer and the mer-
chant it is high prices and quick sales. To
organized labor it is good wages and
steady employment. Judged by the stan-
dards of these three classes prosperity
may be admitted, at least for the sake of
argument. But these questions concern
solely the side of income in the problem
of living; to solve the problem the outgo
side must be considered as well. In oth-
er words, the crucial question is, are in-
creases in wages keeping pace with the
increasing cost of living?

Not long ago, the Massachusetts Bu-
reau of Labor Statistics reported that in
797 stores in Boston the number of debt-
ors on the hopeless list was 45,482, about
11/2 per cent of the population of the city,
with a total indebtedness of $570,912. In
the last of non-payers 2.32 per cent, or a
little over one thousand, were classed as
moneyed people. Therefore, more than
7 per cent of the inhabitants of the entire
city were unable through lack of funds to
meet the current expenses of living.

To charge 45,0(M) people with extrava-
gance or downright dishonesty is too
wholesale an indictment. Was it not
rather a failure in the hopeless struggle to
make both ends meet and to maintain a
decent standard of living at the same
time? Have not these people been caught
in a maelstrom of high prices and, in or-
der to live in the present, been forced to
neglect the obligations of the past and dis-

count the possibilities of the future? In
other words, are they not paying the cost
of prosperity?

In two bulletins, issued last year by the
Bureau of Labor of the Department of
Commerce and Labor, statistics were pre-
sented showing the relation of the cost of
living to average annual incomes in the
year 1905, as contrasted with the ten-year
period 1890 to 1899. In the first of these
two bulletins wholesale prices of 259 ar-
ticles of common consumption were tabu-
lated for sixteen years with the following
result :

The 1905 average, contrasted with the
year of lowest average prices during the
sixteen years from 1890 to 1905, in each
of the general groups of commodities,
shows farm products 58.6 per cent higher
than in 1896; food, etc., 29.7 per cent
higher than in 1896; cloths and clothing,
22.9 higher than in 1897 ; fuel and lighting,
39.4 per cent higher than in 1894; metals
and implements, 41.8 per cent higher than
in 1898; lumber and building materials,
41.4 per cent higher than in 1897; drugs
and chemicals 24.1 per cent higher than
in 1895; house furnishing goods, 21.5 per
cent higher than in 1897, and the materials
included in the miscellaneous group, 23.4
per cent higher than in 1896.

Summing up these statistics it is seen
that the average cost of these articles was
15.9 per cent higher than the average for
the ten year period. In the later bulletin,
which deals with wages and hours of la-
bor from 1890 to 1905, it is shown that
average earnings per week in the latter
year were only 14 per cent higher than the
average from 1890 to 1899, leaving co«
of living, according to these statistics, 2
per cent in the lead.

But these statistics do not bring the
facts home to us with sufficient force. It
is necessary, also, to know how large a
part of our annual incomes, be they large
or small, is expended for each one of
these items. It is well to know, still fur-

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ther, how much each family has to spend mind in the purchase of books and news-

in the course of a year. So much stress papers.

has been laid in recent years on the j^ make the matter still more concrete,

American millionaire, his iniquity, his gen- the average family spends each year $114.-

erosity, his prodigality, and his penuri- 33 for rent; $37.53 for fuel and lighting;

ousness, that our eyes have become blind ^739 for clothing; $305.32 for food, and

to the fact that the great majority of us $148.73 for all other purposes. In the year

are well content to live out our days in 1905, therefore, this same family spent for

moderate comfort, if as well as that. food $71.28 more than in 1896; for cloth-

In the grand average the millionaire '"« ^^^-^^ more than in 1897, and for fuel

cuts a very small figure indeed. Here and lighting $7.88 more than in 1894.

again the tireless Bureau of Labor at Dun's index figure of wholesale prices

Washington comes to our aid with statis- gives the best available basis of compari-

tics showing the incomes and the expendi- son, year by year. This shows that the

tures of a large number of families. average actual cost of commodities per

Households to the number of 25,446 in 'f'^'^Z^ !" }^^ ""'*'** States on July

all parts of the United States, averaging '^*' ^^' ^'^ '"creased over 1905 to a

approximately five persons to the family, "}"^^j «^^K''"„ ^'^ "^ ^" '""'^^ had

have been canvassed with the following re- "^^« ^IT...^^'^. '° .^^■^'' .'"'"''"^

suit. The average annual income per fam- IT.J ^^,.Z *' f ^=- T"'* *■■*""

ily is $751.34; the average annual expendi- $>5-«16 to $16,649, and miscellaneous ar-

ture is $689.61, leaving a margin between ♦'f ^ ^! «*'""f ' "** [T f '^^ '" V!*'

; „ „,, „„„„„,i;t,.,. «<• «fti 7Q „„ .K» "555. The total cost had risen from $98.-

income and expemliture of S()l.<d on the „.„ .,..„.„,» . .

profit side '° $105,216, the greatest increase that

has taken place in any year for the last

Food, the basis of the physical life, con- decade except from 1901 to 1902.

stitutes by far the larger part of this ex- ^^ compared with 1896 the total cost

penditure, or 42.54 per cent; rent eats up ^as increased from $74,317 to $105,216.

12.95 per cent; clothing takes 14.04 per ^ ^ise of more than AVA per cent,

cent; fuel and lighting account for 5.25 j„ ^^der to find the actual cost per fam-

per cent; taxes and principal and interest jjy f,„^ j^ese figures it is necessary to

on mortgages, which together with rent ^^^ipj^ j^^ ^j^jj^^;^^ f^^ individuals by

must cover the cost of lumber and build- 4 7^ .^^ ^^^^^^ „„^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ p^^

ing materials as well as ground rent, ^^^^^ according to the census of 1900.

amount to 2..^3 per cent; furniture and ^^^ ,^ ^jj ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ retailer's profit,

household utensils are answerable for 3.42 J^^^^ -^ „^j included in Dun's index, nor

per cent, and sickness and death, no small ^^^ ^^^^^ „^ principal and' interest on

part of the expense of which is charge- mortgages. For purposes of comparison

able to drugs and chemicals, demand 2.ti7 ,,^j^^^„ ^^^.^^^ ^^^^^^ however, no better

per cent. basis can be found.

The remainder is divided in small por- In April of the present year, still an-

tions among insurance, labor and other other bulletin was issued by the Bureau

organizations, fees, religious purposes, of Labor which shows that the level is

charity, books and newspapers, amuse- rising still higher. This statement, which

ments and vacations, intoxicating liquors, covers the entire year 1906, shows that the

tobacco and **other purposes." Religion wholesale prices of the 258 commodities

claims only .99 per cent ; charity fares included reached a higher point than at

even worse with .31 per cent; while 1.^2 any preceding time in the seventeen-year

per cent is dissolved in alcohol and 1.42 period under consideration,

per cent goes up in tobacco smoke. The average for 1900 was 5.G per cent

Amusements and vacations are responsible above that for the preceding year; 30.5

for 1.60 per cent and 1.09 per cent are de- per cent higher than in 1897, the year of

voted to the alleged improvement of the lowest price since 1890, and 22.4 per cent

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higher than for the decade from 1890 to
1899. The highest point attained since
1890 was reached in the last month of last
year, when the average was 4.1 per cent
higher than for the year and 6.3 per cent
above the average for the same month in
1905. Out of the nine groups into which
the 258 commodities were divided, only
two showed a decrease as against 1905,
farm products and drugs and chemicals.

So much for the figures of expenditure.
How has income fared? The second of
the 1906 bulletins referred to deals with
the increase of wages as compared with
the retail prices of food. It shows that in
1905 the purchasing power of an hour's
wages was 5.8 per cent greater and of a
week's wages 1.4 per cent greater in terms
of food only than the average for the peri-
od from 1890 to 1899. But it will be ob-
served that in this bulletin wages are
translated into food only. Man does not
live by bread alone; he lives also by rent,
clothing and the numberless other necessi-
ties of life included in the 259 articles
listed in the first bulletin.

The latter of these two bulletins neither
supplants nor supplements the other. In
the first, all the articles which enter into
the daily cost of living are considered. In
the latter, food cost alone is taken into ac-
count as providing an estimate for average

expenditures. Even in its use of food
statistics as a part of the cost of living
the Bureau's method has been subjected
to severe criticism. Dun's index figure
gives 50 per cent value to the food prod-
ucts as against the Labor Bureau's 25.

These systems have recently been at-
tacked by Francis B. Forbes in the pub-
lications of the American Statistical So-
ciety. Taking the Labor Bureau's increase
in the index figure of 29.2 and Dun's of
38.7 since 1897, he has struck a mean be-
tween the two, something after the method
in use for a long time in England, and
finds that it yields 36.6. Thus 40 per cent
increase in the cost of living is not an
excessive estimate for the end over the
beginning of the decade that closes with
the present year. This coincides also with
Dun's figures quoted above.

Those who argue that the present time
is one of great and undiluted prosperity
for all classes will find small comfort in
these figures. To cover the increase in
the cost of living which we have noted
a more than normal addition to the pay-
rolls of the country will be necessary. Ten
or even twenty per cent increases in wages
will hardly compensate for a 40 per cent
rise in the cost of the articles necessary
to keep soul and body together. — The In-
dependent.

''The Discarded Inalienable Rights."

JOSE GROS.

|E have now in this nation about
45,000,000 of men and women
over twenty years old. That
means about 40,000,000 over
twenty-five. That should mean at least
20,000,000 intelligent enough to see the
absurdity of our many present conflicts, as
they read, day after day, our multitude of
papers. There they must see that most, if
not all, our leaders and teachers fail to
agree on how to reach any of the many
problems in our hands. And almost every
day those problems come to .show that we
must have made some great mistake, are

all the time making mistakes, because of
the wretched results produced over the
whole keyl)oard of our national life. We
have all manner of troubles between indi-
viduals and classes, between those who
need jobs and those who alone can give
jobs, for men to live some kind of life.
We have conflicts between corporations
and the laws of the states and those of the
nation; conflicts between the nation and
the states; conflicts between those two sets
of laws, state and national, and the judi-
ciary of the nation and the states. From
tramp to supreme judge, we don*t seem to

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859

know where we are at Every now and
then labor complains of our laws. Every
now and then capital has a great deal to
say against our laws. Very, and very often,
many of us say that our laws are not re-
spected or obeyed. Occasionally, we say
that our laws don't produce the desired
effects and we need stronger laws. And
our 20,000,000 intelligent • ladies and gen-
tlemen over twenty-five years old, out of
our 40,000,000 of them, are just as much
perplexed as the most ignorant of all. And
the vortex of our miserable disagreements
and conflicts goes on.

We all forget that about 130 years ago
we revolted against British rule and as-
sumed the responsibility of building up a
nation that should respect — the inalienable
rights of men. Have we ever done that?
Have we ever built up such a nation, as
w.e practically promised to ourselves and
to the civilized world we would do?
What is the meaning of the combined
word — inalienable rights? Rights that
man has no right to blot out of existence
or transfer to other men, rights that exist
"per se" are innate, inevitably attached to
every human being.

Where can we find any respect for
any such inalienable rights? From the
very inception of our national life up to
date, have not our social conditions and
relations rested on that principle of
monopoly, favoritism, privilege which re-
pudiates all inalienable rights? Our laws,
consensus, traditions — have they ever
taken any cognizance of such rights?
Jesus stood for them, lived and died for
them; but we don't even wish to accept
them from Jesus. No wonder that we
have troubles galore. And we shall keep
having them until we cease playing the
Pharisee.

In the essentials of human growth and
human rights, the inalienable ones, what
has ever been the difference between our
nation and any of the others, today or
4,000 years ago? Have we not always
abandoned to — King Monopoly — the
grandest and richest domain that any na-
tion received from God and Nature? We
commenced to do that before we were sure
that we would accomplish our independ-

ence from Great Britain. We placidly ac-
cepted the same unholy process during
our Colonial period and through our home
Colonial legislation, besides what England
did on her part.

How can there be any peace among men
on earth, how can we have any real man-
hood anywhere, with sinners or saints, as
long as the worker is not, by the laws of
the nation, given full and complete free-
dom to the natural resources he may see
fit to develop? All that the worker should
be required to do is to pay his annual
share in supporting the government that
protects him from monoply rule, from land
monopoly first, from wealth monopoly if
necessary. And is not all wealth the result
of labor applied to land somewhere, in
forms direct or indirect, through actual
production, transportation and exchange?

We all know that. We even know the
simple processes by which the job can be
accomplished, by which all monopoly rule
can rapidly come to an end, and so by
simply respecting the principle of univer-
sal equity in the social and industrial order
of every national group. But then, that
would imply the recognition of the most
criminal blunder possible on earth, among
men; and we don't seem to have moral
courage enough to do that, as yet. Our
Christianity is not yet Christ-like enough
for us to repent and thus stop the great
social crime of all centuries and all
nations.

We thus prefer the continuation of the
same old social chaos, by which we all,
collectively, decree a wretched existence
for all of us individually. Each one of
us fundamentally stands against all of us,
and we all fundamentally stand against
every one of us. Is not that pitiful, dis-
graceful ?

And here we are, the wise and the ig-
norant, the poor and the rich, the good
fellows and the bad ones ; we all hankering
after and worshiping this or that set of
laws with which to solve the labor prob-
lem, the capital problem, the corporations
problem or any other of the fifty we may
have, in every nation ; while none of us
wants any sense, or any equity, or any
honesty anywhere, at the foundation of

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human life! Civilization is yet a species
of moral insanity. That insanity can
vanish and disappear as soon as enough
of us, fine people, wish to be sensible.
That is the only consolation we can really
have. That is the only optimism we need,
and is just the kind we refuse to have.
Most people prefer the optimism of keep-
ing doing evil that good may come, or
that of learning through a continuous
chain of blunders, when we learn nothing.
The whole program of natural human
development is constantly formulated by
divine laws, by the most direct commands
of Jesus, by the whole order of creation,
by all the forces, relations and results in
the universe outside of the collective hu-
man will. And that program is swept out
of existence by humanity grouped in
nations and churches. Most of the plain
people, in those churches, and nations,
mean well- enough, have always done so.
But don't you see that they have never

been taught how to reason correctly!
And they have never been alowed to live
and grow in such a way as to enable them
to discard the complex teachings of men,
much less to see and grasp the simple
teachings of the All Father and His sub-
lime creation.

It takes a restful, quiet life, free from
anxieties for the tomorrow, with a certain
sufficiency of the good things for the healthy
material existence of every day; it takes
all that for us to develop heaUhy ideals
and thoughts. Do you suppose that God
has abandoned all logic and sense, all sci-
entific adjustments in the formation and
evolution of the healthy human soul? "If
a man keepeth my saying he shall never
see death." And still the wisdom of men
decrees that human life should be a per-
petual physical and spiritual death for
most human beings, in relation to what
human life shall be for all when we see
fit to behave.

Railroading In The Arctic.

A Trip On America's Most Northerly Line.

I HE Nome-Arctic Railroad is the
most northerly railroad on this
continent. From the shore of
Bering Sea at Nome it crosses
the flowering tundra and creeps and bumps
its way into the heart of the eternally snow
crowned Sawtooth Mountain range.

It was built for the transportation of
supplies to mining camps scattered along
the creeks and Snake and Nome rivers and
in the mining districts of the Kougurok,
said the New York Sun. Passengers are
as yet unconsidered trifles, who at the rate
of ten cents a mile are permitted to hang
on if they can. Naturally it runs only in
summer.

The roofless Pullman car is flanked with
kitchen benches. When the writer started
to get on, it was solidly packed with miners
and track laborers with pick and shovel
and pan, brown canvas bags or oilcloth

packs. There were also some women and
children going out to gather wild flowers.
A roofless freight car was piled with mer-
chandise. The one available seat was a
lofty perched keg of nails.

Freight aboard, the square, flat topped
little logging engine began to sing like a
Dutch kettle, then slowly, cautiously we
teetered northward, skirting pathetic Queen
Anne cottages and canvas, tin can and tar
paper shacks. Qnce across Dry Creek
bridge the town began to drop out of sight
until the almost imperceptibly rising tundra
was on a level with the sea.

Scarcely had the town vanished when
foothills hung in impenetrable purple
shadows began to appear. The tundra,
everywhere broken with natural lagoons
and man made ditches, was riotous with
flowers and waving fields of cotton. Where

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861

cotton grows look out for ice not far be-
low, veteran Alaskan miners say.

Man of all work is the Nome-Arctic's
conductor. In leather overalls and puffing
a huge cigar he stumbled over freight and
passengers in an eifort to gather fares,
while everything animate or inanimate
scrambled to keep from rolling off into the
tundra or creeks.

In the building of rail or wagon roads
Alaska's unsolved problem is the tundra.
Composed of decayed vegetation and peat
and reindeer moss, it covers, like an allur-

second in Alaska and the first on the pen-
insula, was built in Julv, 1900, by the Wild
Goose Mining and Trading Company for
the transportation of freight to its proper-
ties on Anvil Creek, four and a half miles
from Nome, wooden ties were hastily laid
over the tundra with little or no roadbed
preparation. The tracks when it rained
sank into the tundra until the water often
covered the floors of the cars. In winter
when the Great White Silence, as Jack
Frost is called in the Northland, envelops
the Arctic, the railroad ties furnish a trail

STEAMER AND WHARF. SITKA. ALASKA.

ing, deceptive carpet, ground frozen no-
body knows how deep. Parallel with the
sea for leagues, it stretches back from
Nome beach four or five miles into the
foothills of the Sawtooth Mountains.

Wet or dry, the tundra is spongy. . When
dry it yields to the tread with a crisp
crackle not unlike burned paper or straw.
Saturated with rain, a characteristic of
northwestern Alaska summers, it is as dan-
gerous to man or beast as a fog or a quick-
sand.

When the Nome-Arctic Railroad, the

for the musher. To miss footing, however,
is often to sink hip deep in the tundra.

The fare to Anvil in those days was $1
one way, while freight was at the rate of
four and a half cents a pound. The cost
six years ago for a horse team to Anvil
Creek, four and a half miles, was $()0. The
Nome-Arctic Railroad, in consequence,
cleared in the first season of less than three
working months $<)(MK><>.

The road had been extended to Station
Ex, twelve miles from Nome, when the
Wild Goose Company sold it in the sum-

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862 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

iner of 1906 to the Northwestern Develop- history of the owner, rarely without tragedy

nieiit Company. With change of owner- or melodramatic coloring. Not less plen-

ship came change of name, and to the new- tiful than the claim-locating sticks are

comer the Nome-Arctic is now the Seward abandoned excavations telling of hopes

Penninsula Railroad. shattered, dreams dispelled. The tundra

These facts a statistical sourdough im- is strewn with these hope graves,
parted as the train wabbled into the first It requires a Nome-Arctic churning fully

station, Brown ville. Scattered everywhere to grasp the joy of alighting at Ex —

back of the roadhouse were canvas or tar twelve miles in half a day — and the sur-

paper shacks, derricks, huge dumps — the prise to find station and roadhouse in the

winter's diggings waiting for water to clean keeping of two wholesome women. Mrs.

up — a network of sluice boxes and miles of Wilson, of Oregon, is ticket and freight

canvas pipes coiling like huge reptiles agent, telephone girl and messenger boy,

through the tiuidra. freight distributer, postmistress and gen-

LOC FORTS. NOW PRISONS. FORT WRANCEL. ALASKA.

•

From Nome the tundra seems a level eral josher. Her partner presides over the
.stretch to the foothills. The railroad, commissary department,
however, has a steady upward grade, 100 The station, a huge wooden barn, was
feet to the mile, until the highest point is raised on stilts from the tundra to a level
reached. Summit, which is fully 500 feet with the railroad bed. From floor to
above the sea level. From Dexter, the roof bupks hung four deep. A rusty, fire-
fifth station, the railroad takes a steep less stove with tin can wash basin served
downward grade. as dresser. Outside the door was a roof-
Since one Brown struck millions here- less veranda upon which a Chinaman was
abouts every foot of the tundra is staked, soon cutting up the haunch of reindeer our
Sticks sporting gay rags mark the claims freighter had brought from Nome's cold
and vie in hue with the wild flowers and storage,
never fail to evoke from Sourdough the Ex station was feeding daily from

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 863

seventy-five to one hundred and fifty rail- Railroad and contracted to feed its em-
road employes at $1.50 a day each, while ployes, and pull up both station and road-
from thirty to a hundred transients at $1 house and follow the railroad in its stride
a meal were grateful for the hospitality of to the Kougurok, some eighty-three miles
these women, who confided that they had from Nome Beach.

oc
111

s
o

o
o

111

every reason to expect a clean-up of $10,- The Nome- Arctic was in the season of

000 at the season's close. The outdoor 1906 practically rebuilt, and in crossing

working season of the Arctic is 125 days. beautiful Salmon Lake it achieved its ob-

The women leased the station and the ject in reaching the Kougurok. Five miles

roadhouse from the Seward Penninsula were completed in twelve days.

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864 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Under the original cross-wood longitu- sons who had bought the tailings to pan

dinal ties were placed to strengthen the out in quest of gold.

road, while the interstices were filled up The ever menacing ice beneath the road-

with gravel tailings from neighboring bed necessitates constant vigilance and the

TOTEM POLES, KASAAU, ALASKA.

winter dumps. Here arose a difficulty employment of a large force of men con-
scarcely to be met elsewhere in railroad stantly to fill up depressions with gravel,
building, for no sooner were the tailings raise ties and fortify rails. These men earn
used up than the railroad was sued by per- $5 a day with board, or $7 without board.

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Second-class passage from Seattle to Nome
may be had for $70 for the round trip. It
is quite possible for a man to return to the
states after 125 Arctic working days with
$400 to his credit.

Aside from the surprising beauty of the
landscape through which the road runs, the
vital, abiding interest to the tourist is the
people met, all of whom are more or less
gold mad.

"Lift my umbrella," said a middle aged
woman smartly gowned, who sat beside the
writer.

The umbrella, tightly rolled, was thrust
through a huge sable muff. With difficulty
the muff was raised a f^w inches.

"It requires two hands, both ends and
not a little strength, and some practice."
The woman smiled and explained that the
muff concealed seventy ounces of gold
dust, that day's clean-up on her claim in
Dexter Creek.

Thrice a week she went to the mine to
superintend the sluicing or clean-up and
carry back the gold secured in the sable
muff to the Golden Gate, Nome's Wal-
dorf-Astoria, where she passed her sum-
mers.

"It's too late now for the bank," she
added as we parted, "so I will keep the
poke in my bedroom until morning."

A Strategist.

I RECKON," said Emerson, the
milkman, seated on the edge of
the post office porch, with his
legs dangling — "I reckon
they'll have the 'lectric road up here by
Christmas."

"An* I reckon they won't," said Ran-
dolph, the stage driver, with deliberation.
"I reckon they won't, because they can't
get up here without a right o' way, and
they haven't got any right o' way yet."

"Ah, but they have, Sam," said Jorgen-
son, the postmaster and storekeeper,
breaking into the conversation. "They've
got the right o' way through the big vine-
yard— got it yesterday. I'm sorry for you,
Sam, because you won't have anybody to
haul up from the railroad after the trolley
cars start runnin', but what's the use o*
kickin'?" the postmaster concluded with a
comprehensive wink at the entire com-
pany.

The stage driver arose, dusted the seat
of his trousers with his open hand, and
walked toward his waiting vehicle.

"Don't you worry about me, Bill," he
said "an' don't go to makin* any bets on
the 'lectric comin' up here because they've
got a right o' way through the big vine-
yard. If you'll scratch your head, an'
get your thinkin' apparatus in order, you'll

remember there's a little old ten-acre
apricot grove just this side of the 'wash,'
and they ain't got a right o' way through
that. And who does that little old ten-
acre patch belong to, hey? and how are
they goin' to get their trolley road up here
to Monte Vista without crossin' that
patch, hey ?"

"By George, that's so," confessed the
postmaster, as the stage driver kicked off
the brake, hit the horses with the whip
and disappeared down the broad, white
California road in a cloud of dust. "Sam
owns that piece of land, and they simply
can't get in here unless they make terms
with him. Well, doggone his old hide.
Couldn't you tell he come from Maine?"

"Yes, but Jorgenson," said the portly
retired merchant who lived up on the
mesa, whence he descended daily for his
mail, "they'll condemn a right of way
through his land if he undertakes to make
them pay an extortionate price for it. He
can't hold them up that way. Some of
you fellows ought to warn him, or he'll
make a serious mistake."

They did warn him, but he had evident-
ly made up his mind that the railroad
people would rather pay his price than
bother with legal proceedings.

The company offered to buy>,the whole
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ten acres for twice what the land was
worth; he responded by asking five times
what it was worth. Finally, weary of
hagglingj and delay, the counsel for the
road instituted condemnation proceedings.
Within two weeks Randolph learned that
he had been awarded about one-tenth of
the sum he could have had. The court
had ordered him to be compensated for the
right of way 75 feet wide, and no more.
"I reckon, Sam," said the milkman,
when the news became known, "that you
feel somethin* like the dog that old

vouring juggernaut, hey? Well, don't you
lay no bets on the cars gittin' here till they
arrive."

"You ain't goin* to stand 'em off with a
Winchester, are you, Sam?" inquired the
storekeeper, with another wink at the con-
course. "They*ll get you into jail down
at Los Angeles if you try that. You know
that's what happened to the feller down
Whittier way that undertook to stop 'cm
from layin' track. Wouldn't like to have
to come down to Los Angeles and bail
you out, Sam."

WHALE TOTEM, FORT WRANGEL. ALASKA.

'Aesop's Fables' tells about that dropped
a good piece of rump steak in the crick
for a grab at the shadder of it. Never
pays to be greedy, Sam."

There was a chorus of laughter from
the loungers on the post office porch, but
the stage driver remained unruffled.

"You fellers needn't lose any sleep wor-
ryin* about me," he said; "ain't been no
trolley cars whizzin* and boomin' past
your place yit, has there, Emerson? No,
youngsters been squelched under the de-

There was another roar of laughter, but
the stage driver was unmoved. He said
nothing, and he remained silent during the
months succeeding, while the road was be-
ing graded up the hill from the big Santa
Ynez "wash." He paid no more attention
to the construction gang than he did to the
wits on the post office porch, and these
latter, failing to "get a rise" out of him,
finally ceased to jest at his expense. They
concluded that he had accepted the situa-
tion as gracefully as he migjit.

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This impression was strengthened when
Emerson, the milkman, driving one day
past the Randolph apricot grove, found
the owner thereof busy planting some-
thing among the trees on both sides of the
right of way of the electric road.

"Ah, turned from stage drivin' to agri-
cultooral pursuits, Sammy," said the milk-
man. "What might you be plantin*?*'

"I might be plantin' honeysuckles or
bologna sausages," replied the stage driver
calmly, "but I ain't. Fm just plantin' po-
tatoes."

"But, man alive," cried Emerson, "don't
you know it's too late to plant potatoes.

"You can go to the devil, Sam," return-
ed the milkman, and he rode off convinced
that the stage driver was a fool. "He's
tryin* to get even on potatoes for that
money he lost tryin' to gouge the rail-
road," he declared at the postoffice the
next day.

Work on the electric road progressed.
Poles were set, and wires strung; the
graders cut and filled and scraped and
dumped. A trestle was built across that
part of the "wash" usually flooded by
cloudbursts in the mountains. The rails
were laid, and the track was leveled up.
At last it was announced, two or three

DAVIDSON GLACIER, ALASKA.

an' what's more, the potato bugs are fairly
swarmin' this year? Why, you might as
well chuck them potatoes you're plantin'
down in the canyon for all the good you 11
get of 'em."

"I'm inclined to think you're mistaken,
Mister Emerson," returned the stage
driver with elaborate courtesy, "but any-
way, now I think of it, who does these
potatoes belong to? Why, by hokus" —
with a start of affected surprise — "I don't
b'licve you own these potatoes at all. So
there's no call for you to hurt yourself
worryin' over what becomes of 'em."

days before Christmas, that the first car
would be run over the new road into
Monte Vista on that festal day.

When Sam Randolph heard the news, he
went over to his potato patch which
strung along either side of the track for
200 yards. The plants were flourishing
finely — remember that winter is the grow-
ing season in California — but it was evi-
dent that they would not flourish much
longer, since they were almost covered
with potato bugs — crawling myriads of
them.

This spectacle seemed to give the stage

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driver no uneasiness. On the contrary he
surveyed the insects with an expression of
something like satisfaction. He took from
his pocket a small tin box, and extracted
from it a pinch of fine white powder,
which he deposited upon a leaf that was
fairly alive with potato bugs.

The effect was instantaneous and sur-
prising. The bugs sniffed once or twice,
sat up on their hind legs, shook their
heads in pained surprise, and then started
in every direction. It looked as if every
bug had a sudden and pressing engage-
ment at some distance away from that
particular spot.

Mr. Randolph slapped himself on the
chest, and chuckled.

"The stuff's all right," he observed,
"doesn't kill 'em, but inspires *em with a
desire to travel. I reckon," he went on,
as the last bug scuttled off the leaf — "I
reckon there's a few points your Uncle
Samivel ain't overlookin' even if he ain't
so young as he used to be. Your Uncle
Samivel has been out in California country
quite a spell, but he's 'riginally from Ken-
nebunkport. Ho! ho! Now for the rest."

With these words he produced a spade,
and began to dig a shallow and narrow
trench around his potato patch, enclosing
it on three sides, but leaving it open on
the side that faced the railroad. He re-
peated the operation on the other side of
the track. He went away, and returned
shortly with a wheelbarrow upon which
was a barrel half full of the white powder
with which he had experimented on the
potato bugs. He spread this thinly in the
trenches he had. dug, and chuckled to see
that the potato bugs fled from it in the di-
rection of the railroad. When he had sat-
isfied himself that his entrenchments were
secure, so to speak, he went home.

Christmas day dawned bright, fair and
warm, as it always does in California.
Monte Vista was en fete in expectation of
the first trolley car. Jorgenson had the
American flag draped over his store door,
causing Emerson, the milkman, to make
some sotto voce remarks about conductin'
piracy under the shelterin' folds of the
starry banner. Stephens, the opposition
grocer, had a string of Japanese lanterns

strung from his establishment across to
the second story of the shoemaker's house.
The village doctor had a big "Welcome"
in evergreens over his front gate, which
elicited further ironical remarks from the
Tnilkman. Up at the hotel the landlord
had flags all over the establishment, and
the Chinese cook went about with red,
white and blue ribbons braided into his
queue. Festivity was in the air.

At 10 o'clock, the hour set for the ar-
rival of the first car, expectation was at its
highest pitch. At 10:30 it had become
painful. At 1 o'clock no car had arrived,
and it was felt that something had gone
wrong. Young Tompkins was hanging
around the postofiice with a pony and
cart, and he was dispatched down the line
to discover what was wrong. He was
gone fifteen minutes, and then returned
purple with laughter.

"What's up?" * demanded Jorgenson:
"what's delayin' the percession, Alf?"

"Ha! ha! ha!" roared the youthful
Tompkins, almost falling out of the cart
in the esctasy of his mirth. "Sam Ran-
dolph's holdin' up the 'lectric road. He's
got the track greased with potato bugs,
and the cars can't git up that grade by his
apricot orchard!"

"Greased with potato bugs?" interro-
gated the storekeeper.

Then the milkman burst into laughter.

"Ho-o-o-o-o !" he shouted, '"didn't 1
tell you the doggone old rascal was from
Maine? I understand it. I see now why
he was plantin' potatoes out o' season, and
the country full o' potato bugs. Oh, well,
if that ain't the worst! Come on, let's go
over and see the fun."

The whole village started, some in vehi-
cles, some on horseback, some afoot. Past
the school house, past the village library,
past the Congregational church, past two
or three small orange groves, and then
they came upon the scene of events.

It was on a steep grade, and at the bot-
tom of it was a trolley car decked out with
flags and streamers and inscriptions. Ever
and anon the motorman would turn on the
power, and the car would make a rush
up the grade only to stop half-way, and,
with a great buzzing and slipping of the

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369

wheels, slide slowly back again. The rails
were slimy and slippery, and the cause
was plain to see.

Potato bugs! millions of them! billions
of them! Crawling down from both sides
of the track and meeting in the middle of
it, they swarmed over rails in such quan-
/tities that the metal was entirely hidden.

And Mr. Samuel Randolph ?— Up to one
side of the track, blowing a white powder
from a bellows upon the potato vines,
while on the other side of the road a Mex-
ican in his employ performed a similar of-
fice. Mr. Randolph was solemn and ear-
nest. He paid no attention to the shouts
and jests of his neighbors. He paid littl^
more heed to the protests of an official of
the electric road who had come up on the
trial trip.

"YouVe stopping traffic," shouted the
gentleman, hopping around and waving
his arms in the air.

"Who — me?" demanded Mr. Randolph
in surprise; "why I ain't doin' nothin* but
powderin* potato bugs."

"But you're driving the bugs on the
tracks, and the cars can't get up the hilL"

"H*m," observed Mr. Randolph musing-
ly, "it seems to me that's a matter youVe
got to discuss with the bugs. So far's I
know, there's no law again a man powder-
in* bugs on his own place, and he can't be
held responsible if the bugs want to take
a trip in the trolley cars."

"Meantime," he added, "lemme call your
attention to the fact that you're trespassin'
on my land — my land, understand — ^be-
longin' to me, Sam Randolph. Your dog-
gone miserly company might have had this
land by payin' my price. It preferred to
condemn a right o' way. The right o'
way's yours; this land's mine. You git
off it dumb quick, or I'll give you a dose
o' potato bug powder!"

The functionary retreated precipitately
as Mr. Randolph aimed his bellows at him
— retreated to the car, and after a brief
consultation, was taken back to a con-
struction shanty where there was a tele-
phone. Mr. Randolph continued his oper-
ations against the potato bugs. The vil-
lagers sat around and laughed and awaited
developments.

It may have been an hour when a sec-i
ond car was seen approaching. It bore, in
addition to the discomfited official, a suave,
smiling old gentleman who laughed heart-
ily as he took in the situation. He was the
general manager of the line.

He walked, still laughing, up the grade,
crushing potato bugs beneath his feet at
every step to the spot where Mr. Ran-
dolph was still wielding the bellows.

"I've come to buy your potato crop," he
said.

"It's not for sale," replied Mr. Ran-
dolph firmly, but with a suspicion of a grin
lurking at the corners of his mouth. "That
is, it's not for sale unless ten acres of ap-
ricot orchard go with it."

The manager laughed again.

"I forgot to say that we want the land,
too," he conceded. "How much do you
ask for it?"

Mr. Randolph laid down his bellows,
produced a stub of a lead pencil and an
old envelope. He made some figures.

"The land's worth just what I asked for
it six months ago," he said; "that's $5,000.
Then this here potato crop ought to be
worth $500 more, and I've got a barrel of
bug powder left that I ain't got no further
use for. Mebbe you'd buy that, too?" he
inquired, the grin still spreading.

"Yes, we'll relieve you of that Mr. Ran-
dolph," said the general manager. "Put
everything together, and make a lump
price."

"Call it $6,000," suggested Mr. Ran-
dolph.

"That's $500 for the potato bug pow-
der," said the railroad man, a little seri-
ously.

'Well, it's wuth it, isn't it?" replied Mr.
Randolph, snickering outright.

The general manager looked at the
stalled cars, the bugs crawling over the
tracks — looked at the stretch of potato
patch and at Mr. Randolph. Then he
laughed aloud.

"I guess it is," he said. "At any rate I
accept your price. Come down to the car,
and I'll draw you an order on the treas-
urer for your money."

"Now, boys," he shouted to a gang of
railroad workmen who had come up on

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870 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

still another car, "get busy here. Fill up. running down it The line was opened,

those trenches on the inside of the potato and a brass band was tooting away in

patches, and dig others on the side next front of the postoffice. The populace was

to the right of way. Sprinkle some of gathered there, and among those present

that powder in them, and then go to work was Mr. Samuel Randolph who, as he

and get those bugs started away from the put his hand in his pocket, and felt the or-

tracks instead of toward *em Shovel the der for $6,000, remarked with some pride

bugs off the rails, and get up that sand, and comfort:

Hustle, everybody! Come along, Mr. "I reckon — ^yes, I reckon — that old Ken-
Randolph, well do business now.'* nebunkport kin still hold her own when it
Within half an hour the cars were run- comes to dealin' with amatoors." — The
ning up the hill, and the potato bugs were Pilgrim,

Child Labor And The Nations.*^

SENATOR ALBERT J. BEVERIDGE.

jHEN, in the Senate, I introduced that the power of Congress to regulate
the bill to prohibit child labor commerce includes the power to prohibit
in the republic, certain men in It is said that if we can prohibit interstate
both parties denied the evil — railroads from carrying child-made goods
others said it was "exaggerated." When, we can prohibit anything else and that,
for two whole days, I read to the Senate therefore, the power cannot exist; but the
testimony given under oath by men and Supreme Court answered that argument
women whose truthfulness none could one hundred years ago by saying abuse of
question, denials of the evil ceased — we a power is no argument against its exist-
heard no more about "exaggeration." ence, and that when Congress does abuse
The lowest possible estimate is that a *^s power the remedy is in the hands of
quarter of a million stunted creatures are ^^^ people at the ballot box.
being poured into the body of American ^"^ ^^^^ powerful even than these de-
citizenship every year; and this decadent visions are the numerous declarations by
class is rapidly increasing. All our im- ^^^ Supreme Court that the power of Con-
aginary dangers to the republic combined S^'^^s over interstate commerce is precisely
do not equal the real menace of this con- ^^^ ^^^^ as its power over foreign com-
crete, living, growing terror. merce. Yet, acting exclusively under our
England learned this during the Boer P<>wer over foreign commerce, we have
war, when, even with the lowest standard, prohibited convict-made goods. If we can
it was impossible to obtain soldiers for a prohibit convict made goods from our
race which but a short time before had foreign commerce, and if our power over
been the strongest people in the world, interstate commerce is the same as. our
The curse of child labor had sapped their POwer over foreign commerce, then, of
vitality and that of the parents who bred course, we can prohibit convict-made
tj,eni. goods from interstate commerce. And if we
We must have a national law, as there «^a" prohibit interstate commerce in con-
is little hope for a uniform state law. vict-made goods, we can prohibit inter-
State laws are but a tax upon the state state commerce in child-made goods,
which passes them, while another state Yet every one of these decisions, every

maintains its iniquitous system.

. T u *.!. ^' i, •From Senator Beveridge's address before the

In every case where the question has j^^^.^^,, conference of Charities and Correction,

been raised the Supreme Court has decided Minneapolis, 1907.

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871

one of these arguments, was utterly ig-
nored in the hasty, crude report of the
House Committee on the Judiciary against
this bill. That report, which was intendec
to kill the measure, merely recited certair
well-known divisions between state anc
national action, cited cases not bearing or
this bill, and deliberately omitted ever}
case that does bear upon it. It mereh
asserts that the nation has no such power
and yet the chairman of that committee
who made report, actually proposed ir.
Congress only five years ago that the
nation take charge of the coal mines of
Pennsylvania.

Not only has the Supreme Court uni-
formly upheld the power of Congress to
prohibit articles from interstate commerce;
Congress itself has passed a score of laws
exercising that power, and no Congress-
man or Senator objected. We have pro-
hibited nitroglycerine from interstate com-
merce in vessels; prohibited the transpor-
tation of explosive materials in vessels;
prohibited the introduction or sale through
interstate commerce of dairy or food pro-
ducts falsely labeled; prohibited interstate
commerce in cattle without a certificate
from the Agricultural Department; pro-

hibited interstate commerce in gold and
silver goods with the words "U. S. Assay"
on them; prohibited interstate commerce
in insects; prohibited interstate commerce
in loose hay on passenger steamers; pro-
hibited interstate commerce in obscene
printed matter — this latter although the
Constitution expressly guarantees freedom
oi speech, and the courts have held printed
matter to be speech as much as spoken
words are speech; prohibited interstate
commerce in quarantined cattle, although
such cattle might afterwards be found to
have been perfectly healthy.

Every one of these laws was passed ex-
clusively under the power given Congress
by the Constitution to "regulate commerce
among the states;" not a single objection
was made to any of them; many of them
prohibited interstate commerce in articles
not injurious in themselves, such as gold
and silver. goods. Yet in the face of all
these laws, passed without a Constitutional
or any other objection being raised, in face
of express decisions of the Supreme Court,
we are told that to prohibit interstate com-
merce in child-made goods is unconstitu-
tional.

The War Between Capital And Labor.

EDWARD HOWELL PUTNAM.

|F, as is frequently asserted. La-
bor's attitude toward Capital is
blind, fanatical and destructive
enmity, it is on the other hand
no less true that Capital's attitude toward
Labor is a bigoted, ignorant, vindictive one.
The average of cultured intelligence is of
course higher among "capitalists" — em-
ployers— than among laborers. But the
average employer is quite ignorant of the
fundamental economic laws v.'hich dominate
industrial co-operation as the average la-
borer is. The one is as blind as the other,
in this respect. If the laborer imagines that
his rewards are meager because the em-
ployer gets the lion's share of the joint

product, so likewise the employer believes
that his profits depend upon the rate of
wages. In other words, each thinks his
own share of the joint product depends up-
on arbitrary limitation of the other's share.
Both act as if they thought the main chance
for increased havings to the one, depended
on curtaihnent of the other's income. Nei-
ther, broadly speaking, recognizes any iden-
tity of interest — a fact which the laborer
frankly confesses, and which the employer
denies with his mouth but affirms by his
actions. And where an individual of either
class ostensibly embraces the idea it will
usually be found that his mental concept of
it takes the form of 'That which is to my

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interest is also to your interest" And it is
doubtful that he could be made to see the
identity with this of the formula: "That
which is to your interest is also to my in-
terest."

Meantime, the war between "capital" and
labor goes destructively on, each combatant
blindly striking at his friends, while the
real enemy of both boldly robs them in
broad day, and walks away with the plun-
der unmolested.

The form of this warfare is now under-
going a radical change from what it has
been heretofore in America. The laborer is
coming to look upon Socialism as the po-
tential solution of his problem, while the
''capitalist'' is fortifying the battlements of
coercion for the defense of his "rights."
The Socialist propaganda is sufficiently ap-
parent on the one hand, while the war of
extermination against the militant trades
union by organized capital, if not yet ob-
vious to general society, is none the less a
virile, palpitating, rapidly advancing fact.

Socialism, entirely apart from its merits
per se, is at present an impossibility. Of
course, the fact of its impossibility will
make no difference to its propagandists.
Given, therefore, that other conditions per-
sist as at present, the Socialist propaganda
will proceed. Consequently, if "capital"
continue in its present attitude, the indus-
trial war will inevitably increase in viru-
lence and destructiveness, entailing incal-
culable loss to all society, with the imm>
nent menace of results appallingly disas-
trous, to say the least.

Such bitter and increasing enmity as is
now developing in this country between
labor and "capital" — that is to say, between
the laborers and their employers — is a
frightful thing to contemplate ; it is socially
destructive, and morally intolerable.

While it cannot be denied that some em-
ployers are so unjust as to merit the antag-
onism of their employes, and that some of
the latter are on their part quite as bad, yet
there is no necessary reason, inherent in the
normal relations between employer and em-
ploye, for general friction.

While the prevailing antagonism springs
from a misconception of the economic prob-
lem involved, its effect tends to intensify,
none the less, the adverse conditions which

are complained of. The worianan, believ-
ing himself to be exploited by his employer,
habitually expresses his resentment in a
spirit of indifference to the welfare of the
business, the total product of which com-
prises all that is available for division be-
tween himself and his employer, unmindful
of the obvious fact that the less the prod-
uct, the less must be the mutual gains. He
often "kills time," destroys tools and facili-
ties, neglects common duties, spreads dis-
content and aggressive enmity toward the
employer among his fellows. The whole
vast army of labor is, broadly speaking, im-
bued with the idea that the employer is a
robber, and that labor is the victim. Why
then should the laborer interest himself in
the latter's business, any further than to in-
sure the tenure of his job? Why care for
the tools which are furnished for his use?
Has he not been exploited of many time
their value by the "capitalist" who provides
them?

Such reasoning and results spring natur-
ally and inevitably from the belief that the
prosperity of "capital" impoverishes labor.
And unless help comes from some source
the conditions will grow worse and worse.

Whence then shall help come? Surely
not from the laborer so long as he con-
tinues to regard his employer as a merciless
oppressor. So long as he imagines that it
is his employer's hand that strikes him he
will decline to kiss it He knows that he
is being struck, he feels the sting, and he
resents it with insulted, burning cheek and
angry heart.

I say, He knows he is being struck; and,
he thinks by his employer.

Is it his employer who is striking him?
And if not, will his employer take the trou-
ble to undeceive him? Nay, if the em-
ployer is being struck by the same hand
that strikes the workman, will he join
forces with the latter to put a stop to the
injustice?

Much depends upon the answer to that
question.

The employers of labor generally, at the
present time, though not actually abetting
the common enemy, do nevertheless mani-
fest an attitude of indifference toward his
devastations in the field of labor; an atti-
tude that goes far to justify the laborer's

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TYPES OF ENGLISH CARS.

The above illustrttfons are selected from a large number of views used by the president of the English Institution
of Mechanical Engineers in his annual address. The first is a two-car Irish train which operates with the locomotive
between the cars. The second is a standard ore and coal dump car. Next Is a car for transporting large steel girders
of 40 tons. The dinine car is 65 feet long and weighs 39 tons. The two lower views show the interior of the
Queen's private q9X.— Popular Mechanics^

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874 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

suspicion that his employer shares in the extenuation the irresistible temptation of

plunder. enormous booty while the disinterested in-

We do not know, of course, how many telligent specUtor must answer to the
"capitalists"— employers of labor, engaged charge of sheer indifference, under circum-
in competitive business— are also beneficia- stances that would spur into corrective ae-
ries of some form of special privilege, or tion any being who measures up to the
private monopoly. But it is true that the stature of decent manhood,
capitalist employer, as such, is justly en- And this confirms my opinion, namely,
titled to all that he can get of profit from that the capitalist is simply ignorant of the
competitive business. And there are thou- economic principles involved. He does not
sands upon thousands of employers whose realize the fact that the swollen fortunes of
entire profits are thus derived. Now, why the beneficiaries of monopoly and special
should not these capitalists join forces with privilege are just so much of plunder that
labor to overthrow the common enemy, the could otherwise go in wages to workers.
Monopolists, who plunder both Capital and it js quite impossible for any man who
Labor, and that, too, to so enormous an ex- has never seriously studied economics to
tent as to actually reduce the purchasing clearly see this simple truth. Tell such k
power of labor, during a period of produc- man that the tribute of ten dollars a ton
tiveness so prodigious as to overtop all pre- above a fair competitive price for iron im-
vious calculations of possibility— why should poverishes the laborer, and he will form a
not competitive capital and labor unite to ^ery imcomplimentary opinion as to your
protect themselves from this stupendous intelligence.

exploitation? For is it not manifest that ^ ^^^^ :^ ^.^^, j^ ^^ ^^^^^^ j^^^^^

every dollar that goes to special privilege ^^.^^^^ j^ ^ ^^^^^.^ Pennsylvania newspa-

and private monopoly IS extracted from per, I repelled the editor's assertion that the

competitive industry-from the sum total p^opertyless laborer paid no taxes, saying,

which would otherwise be divided, competi- ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^.^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ contributed to

tively. among the capitalists and laborers of ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ indirectly, for if he

the country? Necessarily so, for Monopoly, ^^.^ ^^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ppjj^

unlike Capital and Labor, produces noth- ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^

ing; and imparts nothing, can impart noth- ^^^^^^^^ j ^,3^ 3^5^ ^hat the laborer help-

mg, in return for what it receives. ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ p^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ monopoly

But is this fact manifest to the capitalists, tribute on, for instance, copper, which was

to the generality of employers? Was I selling at 26 cents a pound, while half that

mistaken when I said, above, that the em- price would afford a fair profit to the pro-

ployers are as ignorant as the laborers in (j^cer. The editor pooh poohed the idea.

regard to the economic fundamentals of the ^nd exultantly queried : "How many pounds

industrial problem? of copper does the average laborer buy in

My assumption is, it seems to me, a char- a year?" And yet, this editor was doubt-

itable one; for if the capitalists (I use this less quite as adequately qualified for eco-

term "capitalist" in the colloquial sense) nomic discussion as the average capitalist

really grasp the situation, then language is.

were inadequate to fitly characterize their Another case in point: A certain clergy-
moral depravity! H the capitalist of the man, an exceptionally intelligent and cap-
competitive field is conscious of the fact able man, wrote me recently, commenting
that the swollen fortunes of monopoly are upon another article of mine which he had
derived, through the power of monopoly, read, applauding my solicitude for the "toil-
from the industry of the wageworkers, in ing masses," but giving it as his opinion
the main, then the capitalist richly deserves that, "On the one hand, the paper paradise
all that laborers say and believe of him. of the Socialists seems to me visionary and
To be cognizant of such intolerable injury impossible; and on the other, to wait for
without striving by all means to defend its the gospel of love to transform the em-
victims, is to be more wicked than the per- ploying class is to endure our present ills
petrators themselves ; for they may plead in until the millenium." He is an educated

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man who sincerely wishes to find a remedy above referred to, are totally unimpressed

for the exploitations of the poor ; a man by the fact. Now, would it not be interest-

who has read and commented upon articles ing to speculate upon the question : Would

which pointed out with great and precise it sharpen their wits just a little if monop-

particularity the monopolists as the exploi- oly (which, remember, gives nothing in re-

ters, and whose mental processes transmute turn for what it takes) were to take the

"monopolists" into the "employing class!" other half, also?

Plainly, his concept of the industrial sys- jhere would be nothing left to divide be-

tem IS identical with that of the Socialists. ^^^^ ^^ "employing class" and the labor-

He recognizes but two parties to the sys- ers. Each would have to live upon past ac-

tem-Capital and Labor. "Not till the mil- cumulations or starve.

lenium will Capital do right by Labor; a. .i.- • . i . ,. i

.. f T u i 4. •! u 1 1 r At this juncture, what would our clergy-

therefore Labor must toil on hopelessly for . • ^ ^t . .i ,- ^ »

„ TT J • .L nian adviser That the monopolists be shorn
ages to come." He reads m the newspa- , .i_ • ... r. xt t
pers that various groups of monopolists are °^ '^*'!'f ?""!««« ?^ N°: ^h. no. He would
plundering the public of hundreds of mil- P^''^'^'^ «''°^ '^f employmg class to
,. I, ^ -^ ^ ^ . !_• operate free soup kitchens for the poor la-
lions annually, yet it does not occur to his ,*^ .m xr , ,j , V^r.
_.,.,.. "1 « * * 4U- 11 * borers, until Heaven should send relief!
mind that to put a stop to this would great-
ly ameliorate the condition of Labor! In To return— and to conclude: The war
fact, he manifestly identifies these plunder- between capital and labor results from a
ers with the "employing class." He reads misapprehension by both parties of their re-
in the papers of other hundreds of millions ciprocal economic relations. Each imagines
wrested from the general public by ex- that the other's greed intensifies his own
ploiters of special privileges of various competitive struggle. Whereas in truth it
kinds; yet the thought never impresses him is the ever increasing devastations of pri-
that to abolish every form of special privi- vate monopoly and special privilege that,
lege would lift much of the burden from by curtailing the sum total available for di-
the backs of the poor. Here again he iden- vision among the laborers and the "employ-
tifies the beneficiary of unjust advantage jng class," intensifies their struggle for ex-
with the "employing class." For it is only 'stence.

the "employing class" that, in his mind, H the laborers and their employers could

looms as the oppressor of labor! be brought to see the truth how quickly

I have dwelt upon this particular case at their foolish conflict would cease !
some length only for the reason that it is But it is not at all strange that the em-
typical— the great mass of educated men ployer and the workman who look only
think as this educated man thinks. Every upon the surface of things, should take it
militant economist could cite similar cases for granted that the price received for their
indefinitely as to number. What wonder mutual product, less the necessary cost of
then that the multitudes of uneducated material, etc., is the total amount that they
men, following these blind leaders, fall into can hope to share. They fail to grasp the
the same ditch with them! significance of the fact that there is an

What proportion of the total annual pro- enormous element of "co?t" which is en-
duct of our national industry goes to pri- tirely unnecessary.

vate monopoly and special privilege— to in- For instance, the cost of iron to the man-

dividuals who impart absolutely nothing In ufacturing employer of labor is now $26 a

return ? It is impossible to know, exactly, ton. But half of that is unnecessary. It is

But there is good reason to believe that it pure tribute to the iron monopolist. It is a

amounts to one-half, at least. It is certain tax levied upon the laborers and the "em-

that it amounts to more than that, in the ploying class" by the private corporation

cases of iron and copper. At any rate, let which has a monopoly of the iron and coal

us suppose, for the purpose of illustration, mines. It is not a part of the necessary

that monopoly takes half, leaving the other charge for iron. One-half the price charged

half for capital and labor to divide, com- and collected pays the entire cost of produc-

pctitively. Our editor and our preacher, tion, and leaves an ample profit to the cor-

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poration, in its capacity of producer. The
other half goes to the corporation because,
and only because, the "workers" and the
"employing class" — society in the mass — ig-
norantly tolerate an entirely unneccessary
situation which enables the corporate mon-
opoly to extort it.

When society shall awaken to this truth,
the war between Capital and Labor will
end. For these two will then unite, and.
having made short work of extinguishing
private Monopoly, they will share between
them the whole product of their industry.
—The Public,

The Future Of The Apprentice,

BY B. MOORE.

THE apprentice question is im-
portant. Employers are com-
plaining of an insufficient sup-
ply of real skilled labor, and
declare that this is the result of the re-
striction by the unions of the number of
apprentices in past years. They assert that
so-called skilled labor is plentiful, but that
it is largely composed of incompetent
workmen. The craftsman of today, they
say, is not so good a workman as was his
father; he lacks the finish, the accuracy
and the polish in his work. In fact, his
product isn't cultured; it is crude. But
he produces more; he creates a larger pile
and he makes more waste. In the old days
when the product left the craftsman's
hahds it was finished — finished so thor-
oughly that the need of an inspector of it
was never considered. The man who pro-
duced it was a mechanic, and that alone
was a sufficient guarantee that the work
was well done. Now an important indi-
vidual in production is the inspector — the
man who finally passes on the work, who
orders the veneer over the imperfections,
who handles the varnish brush with skill
or who is a deft manipulator with repair-
ing tools. And employers generally at-
tribute this decadence in skill to the re-
striction in the number of apprentices.

As a matter of fact, the real cause is the
non-restriction of apprentices and the neg-
lect of the employer to see that those ap-
prentices whom he employs are properly
taught the trade. The greater the number
of apprentices in a shop beyond a reason-
able proportion of journeymen the lesser

are the chances of any of them to learn a
trade. That is self-evident. It is not
worth while to consider the question from
the standpoint of the workshop as a school,
the apprentices as pupils and the journey-
men as teachers. Every workman knows
that it isn't, and everyone knows that em-
ployers would not permit it to be so.

The unions in the last twenty years have
been gradually yielding this point of the
unrestricted employment of apprentices to
the employers, foolishly believing in the
sincerity of the demand to give the boys
a chance, when, as a matter of fact, the
employer's chief aim was to exploit the
boys, not to teach them a trade. The
unions have never placed restrictions upon
the number of apprentices to prevent boys
learning a trade. The restriction was
made rather to enable those employed as
apprentices to learn it, and learn it thor-
oughly. And this cannot be done where
the number of apprentices is unlimited, or
where the proportion to journeymen is so
large as to be practically unlimited, so far
as being taught a trade is concerned. It
is noteworthy that in large factories or
workshops where there is no limit to the
number of boys that may be employed in
a trade the character of the graduating
craftsmen is of a low order and their
knowledge of the trade is confined to mere
incidents of it. These are the boys who as
men generally fill the gaps at the corner
saloon and in after-life are foimd slouch-
ing along the water-front

I saw the other day a young man who
was recently set adrift from a large ma-

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817

chine shop. He entered the place as an
apprentice, and he worked the last two
years of his four-year term watching a
machine cut threads in steel bars. His
knowledge of the machinist trade was con-
fined to the skill of placing his hand on a
lever to start and stop the machine and
to know when the cutter was getting dull.
He couldn't build anything; he had spent
the four years of his life when his mind is
in the natural stage of absorbing knowl-
edge— the important years of his life so
far as concerns the influence on the future
— watching a part of a steel bar revolve
and move forward in a machine. And he
was told that he was learning a trade. But
he felt the responsibilities and the yearn-
ings of manhood, and the pay of an ap-
prentice no longer sufficed. His necessities
required higher wages. So he was thrown
out, and the next of the twelve boys in the
factory succeeded to his place at the cut-
ting machine. And he — he takes up his
position in the ranks of the incompetent
workmen, a victim of the chicanery of an
exploiting employer who never wasted a
minute in an endeavor to teach him any-
thing. What the boy has learned is the
result of his own intuitiveness or the inter-
est in his welfare manifested by his friends
among the journeymen.

The employer took him a boy and threw
him out a man. He taught the apprentice
nothing except such knowledge as was
necessary for purposes of exploitation.

And so it goes through all the channels
of industry. First he is the imperfectly
taught apprentice, next the bum, then the
tramp. Afterward — but what does it mat-
ter? The whole course of his life is
mapped out by these first four years of
apprenticeship.

When a boy has served the allotted term
of apprenticeship, whether he has learned
anything of the trade or not, he is cast out
into the world by the very employer who
undertook, by implication, at least, to teach
him a trade. It is rarely that an apprentice
is employed afterward as a part of his
employer's regular force. The employer
evidently feels that he has done his full
duty by robbing the boy of the best four
years of his liie, and then turning him over

as an experiment upon other employers,
who have, in all likelihood, done the same
thing with their own apprentices.

And then they complain of incompetent
workmen and the restriction of appren-
tices! Probably this is a counter-charge
invoked to cover their own self-conscious
crime against boyhood. But they only de-
ceive the shallow and hair-brained. Men
who watch industrial events know better.

Yet something must be done, both to
protect the boys in their future as work-
men and to protect the crafts from incom-
petence. And that must be accomplished
during the formative period of a boy's
mind. The restricting of the number of
apprentices to a proper proportion of jour-
neymen is not alone a remedy. That will
not teach the boy anything. As a matter
of fact, the average apprentice now must
shift for himself. Rarely is he instructed
in the science of doing a thing. I have
known journeymen to be discharged for
taking the time to explain to a boy some
intricacy in his work. And that with the
remark. "Let the kid find out for himself.
We're not running a barber college."

Therein lies the evil — and an evil that
the union must remedy or attempt to
remedy. How to do it is the question.

Public trade schools, as at present con-
ducted, are of little value to the boy in the
workshop — that is, to the boy who at an
early age is forced into the world to earn
his living and probably help support a large
family. They are in session during work-
ing hours and generally are accessible only
to boys who have passed through certain
grades of the grammar schools. They are
of no direct benefit to the boy at work or
to the boy whose parents cannot afford to
maintain him while he attends. A boy of
fifteen attending such a school by associa-
tion develops expensive tastes that are be-
yond the ability of the ordinary working-
man to meet. The trade school to such
boys is out of the question. But these are
the very boys who will officer and make
up the rolls of our future trades unions;
they are the boys in whom the struggle for
existence has made stronger their reliance
upon the protection of the union. And it
is the duty of the union to do something
for them while they are still boys.

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It can't do much, of course, because its the representatives. The boys should be

own opportunities are limited. But the invited to these meetings and take part in

little it does now will have its beneficent discussions. Those employers who are

effect upon the future competency of the really interested in the welfare of the ap-

trade. It might be well probably to hold prentice should be invited to share what-

a general conference on this question. But ever expense may accrue and to co-operate

in the meantune I would suggest that each generally in the success of the movement,

union inaugurate a course of lectures and This plan may not entirely eliminate the

demonstrations of the trade, to be given incompetent workman, nor it may not

weekly or monthly, as occasion demands, abolish the heartless exploitation of boys

the lecturers to be selected from among by some employers, but it will awaken an

the best-informed and most highly skilled interest in the apprentice as an apprentice

practical craftsmen in the particular and will be of some benefit eventually to

branches of the trade of which they are sockty.— Labor Clarion,

Sacrificing The Children.

I OR thirty years the trades unions come a national curse, but it is threatening
of the United States have been the very foundations of government It
combating child labor, but the has taken long and weary years for the
general public gave little heed crusade against child labor to gather mo-
to the warfare, reasoning from the assump- mentum, but it now seems to be sweeping
tion that the unions were antagonistic for over the land, and there is a bright pros-
reasons that were purely selfish. Labor pect that something tangible will be given
leaders pointed out the result of this grow- the people. Senator Beveridge's bill,
ing evil, but still the general public gave strikes at the very root of the evil and
no heed. Finally, thoughtful people began aims to provide a uniform law which will
an investigation — people who could not be govern in interstate affairs. This will
charged with selfish interest in opposing strengthen state laws and make it more
the employment of children — in industrial nearly possible to enforce them as they
occupations — and the awful truth so long should be enforced. Senator Beveridge's
proclaimed by the trades unions began dawn- bill provides that :

ing upon the public mind. For a time it was "Six months from and after the passage
threatened that the anti-child labor crusade of this act, no carrier of interstate corn-
would degenerate into a "fad," a sort of merce shall transport or accept for trans-
diversion for the idle rich, but the crusade portation the products of any factory or
received such an impetus because of the mine in which children under fourteen
investigations of sociologists that it is now years of age are employed or permitted to
well nigh universal. work, which products are offered to said
A majority of the states have already interstate carrier by the firm, person or
enacted laws restricting the employment corporation owning or operating said fac-
of children, but these laws have been loose- tory or mine, or any officer or agent there-
ly drawn, the primary purpose being to of, for transportation into any state or ter-
cater to the so-called "labor vote" without ritory than the one in which said factory is
alienating the support of the employers located."

who profit enormously by the employment The bill provides for suitable affidavits

of children. Even these loosely drawn and penalties. The need of such a law

laws have not been enforced with any de- ought to be apparent to any man or wo-

gree of earnestness, and, as a result, the man who has given even a superficial study

employment of children has not only be- to the problem of child labor.

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879

A few years ago the astounding asser-
tion was made that from 60.000 to 70,000
children in the one city of New York
"went breakfastless to school every morn-
ing." This assertion was widely copied
throughout the country, and attracted the
attention of students of sociology. Among
them was John Spargo, who immediately
set to work to investigate the "child prob-
lem," with the result that he has given to
the public a book, "The Bitter Cry of the
Children," which should be read by every
nian and woman whose heart beats in sym-
pathy with the children, and who strives
for the best in the future of this republic
Mr. Spargo says in his preface:

"A word of personal explanation may
not be out of place here. I have been
privileged to know something of the leis-
ure and luxury of wealth, and more of the
toil and hardship of poverty. When I
write of hunger, I write of what I have
experienced — not the enviable hunger of
health, but the sickening hunger of desti-
tution. So, too, when I write of child la-
bor, I know that nothing I have written of
the toil of little boys and girls, terrible as
it may seem to some readers, approaches
the real truth of its horrors. I have not
tried to write a sensational book, but to
present a careful and candid statement of
facts which seem to me to be of vital so-
cial significance."

Mr. Spargo may not have st rived for
the sensational, btrt no man or woman in
whose breast lingers one spark of human
sympathy can read that book without a
shudder of horror. And he who reads the
book and does not resolve to do a part in
ridding the country of this gigantic evil
is not a citizen upon whom the country
may with safety rely. Mr. Spargo touches
the real point when he says that "it is a
strange fact of social psychology that peo-
ple in the mass, whether nations or smaller
communities have much less feeling and
conscience than the same people have as
individuals. People whose souls would
cry out against such conditions as we have
described coming under their notice in a
specific case, en masse are unmoved."

That has all along been the chief ob-
stacle in the warfare against the evil of

child labor. The sight of one underfed
child would instantly arouse sympathy in
the . breast of the beholder ; the indisput-
able fact that tens of thousands of chil-
dren were starving made no impression.

Mr. Spargo*s investigation included al-
most every branch of industry in the coun-
try, and his study brought him into con-
tact with the evil of child labor in its most
hideous aspects. Bearing in mind that he
makes the declaration that what he has
written "does not approach the real hor-
rors'* of child labor, the following ex-
tracts from "The Bitter Cry of the Chil-
dren" may serve to give the readers some
faint idea of the giant evil which Senator
Beveridge's bill aims to destroy, and
against which the aroused conscience of a
nation must fight if it would wipe out this
crime against childhood — a crime that is
fraught with the gravest menace to the
future of this republic.

"Some years ago," says Mr. Spargo, "in
one of the mean streets of Paris, I saw, in
a dingy window, a picture that stamped
itself indelibly upon my memory. It was
not, judged by artistic canons, a great
picture; on the contrary, it was crude and
ill drawn and might almost have been the
work of a child. Tom, I think, from the
pages of an anarchist paper, La Revolte,
it was, perchance* a protest drawn from
the very soul of some indignant worker.
A woman, haggard and fierce of visage,
representing France, was seated upon a
heap of child skulls and bones. In her
gnarled and knotted hands she held the
writhing form of a helpless babe, whose
flesh she was gnawing with her teeth.
Underneath in red ink was written in crude
characters: The wretch! She devours
her own children !* My mind goes back to
the picture; it is literally true today that
this great nation, in its commercial mad-
ness, devours its babes."

After careful investigation Mr. Spargo
declares: "It would, I think, be quite
within the mark to say that the number of
child workers under fifteen is at present
2,250,000." And this in the United Sutes
of America!

"Capital has neither morals nor ideals,"
says Mr. Spargo. "Its interests are always

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and eveiywhere expressible in terms of
cash profits. Capital in the United States
in the twentieth century calls for children
as loudly as it called in England a century
ago." He then arraigns the greedy capi-
talist by the unequivocal assertion that
"whatever advance has been made in the di-
rection of legislative protection of children
from the awful consequence of premature
exploitation has been made in the face of
bitter opposition for the exploiters."

In the New York legislature, during the
session of 1903, the owners of canning fac-
tories of the state used their utmost power
to have their industry exempted from the
humane, but inadequate provisions of the
child labor law, notwithstanding that babes
four years old were known to be working
in their factories. The northern owners of
Alabama cotton mills secured the repeal of
the laws passed in 1887 prohibiting the em-
ployment of children under fourteen years
of age for more than eight hours a day.

Describing a visit to the flax mill in Pat-
erson, N. J., Mr. Spajgo says he tried to
get speech with some of the child workers,
but was able to do so with only one.
She said she was thirteen years old, but
Mr. Spargo declares that she could not
have been more than ten. "If she was thir-
teen," says Mr. Spargo, "perhaps the na-
ture of her employment will explain her
puny, stunted body. She worked in the
'steam room* of the flax mill. All day long,
in a room filled with clouds of steam, she
has to stand barefooted in pools of water,
twisting coils of wet hemp. When I saw
her she was dripping wet, though she said
she had worn a rubber apron all day. In
the coldest evenings of winter, little Marie,
and hundreds of other little girls, must go
out from the superheated steam rooms
into the bitter cold just in that condition."

"I shall never forget my first visit to a
glass factory at night," continues Mr. Spar-
go. "It was a big wooden structure, so
loosely built that it afforded little protec-
tion from the draughts, surrounded by a
high fence with several rows of barbed
wire stretched across the top. I went to the
foreman of the factory, and he explained
to me the reason for the stockade-like
fence. *It keeps the young imps inside

once weVe got 'em for the night shift,' he
said. The *young imps* were, of course,
the boys employed, about forty in number,
at least ten of whom were under age.** The
working hours of these "young imps" were
from 6:30 p. m. until 3:30 a. m. After
watching these boys at their work, Mr.
Spargo says he could readily understand
why the employers preferred to hire boys
for that particular work. He says: "It is
difficult to get men to do this work, be-
cause men cannot stand the pace, and get
tired too quickly."

Mr. Spargo tried his 'prentice hand as a
"breaker boy" at an anthracite mine. There
are thousands of boys so employed. Their
duty is to sit over the long chutes and pick
out the slate from the running coal. They
are enveloped all the time in a blinding
cloud of coal dust. Mr. Spargo thus de-
scribes the experiment:

"I once stood in a breaker for half an
hour and tried to do the work that a
twelve-year-old boy was doing day after
day for ten hours at a stretch, for sixty
cents a day. The gloom of the breaker
appalled me. Outside the sun shone
brightly, the air was pellucid, and the birds
sang in chorus with the trees and the
rivers. Within the breaker there was
blackness, clouds of deadly dust enfolded
everything, the harsh grinding roar of the
machinery, and the ceaseless rushing of
the coal through the chutes filled my ears.
I tried to pick out the pieces of slate from
the hurrying streams of coal, often missed
them; my hands were bruised and cut in a
few minutes; I was covered from head to
feet with coal dust, and for many hours
afterward I was expectorating some of
the small particles of anthracite that I had
swallowed. I could not do that work and
live — but there were boys of ten and twelve
years of age doing it for fifty and sixty
cents a day!"

"In New Jersey and Pennsylvania," says
Mr. Spargo, "I have seen hundreds of
children, boys and girls, between the ages
of ten and twelve years, at work in the fac-
tories belonging to the 'cigar trust.' Some
of these factories are known as 'kinder-
gartens* on account of the large number
of small children employed in them. It is

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881

by no means a rare occurrence for children
in these factories to faint or fall asleep
over their work, and I have heard a fore-
man in one of them say it was 'enough for
one man to do just to keep the kids awake/
Often the 'factories* are poorly lighted, ill
ventilated tenements, in which work,
whether for children or adults, ought to be
prohibited. Children work as many as
fourteen or sixteen hours in these little
*home factories,' and in cities like Pittsburg
it is not unusual for them, after attending
school all day, to work from 4 p. m. until

tory. And there are nearly 300 of such
canning factories in Maryland, all of them
employing young children.

"In the sweat shops, and more particu-
larly, the poorly-paid home industries, the
kindergartens are robbed to provide baby
slaves," says Mr. Spargo. "I am perfectly
well aware that many persons will smile
incredulously at the thought of infants
from three to five years old working.
'What can such babies do?* they ask."
Then Mr. Spargo proceeds to answer that
question by citing specific instances where

HOTEL COLORADO AND THE GRANDE RIVER, COLORADO AND SOUTHERN RY.

12 :30 a. m., making 'tobies' or 'stogies,' for
which they receive from eight to ten cents
per hundred."

Patrons of the "cigar trust" should pon-
der over these amazing statements. Their
truth is beyond question.

Mr. Spargo declares that he has seen
children six or seven years old at work in
New York canning factories at 2 o'clock in
the morning. In Oxford, Md., he saw a
tiny girl, seven years old, who had worked
for twelve hours in an oyster canning fac-

mere babies were engaged in work. "Take
the case of little Annetta Fanchina, for ex-
ample," he says. "The work she was do-
ing when I saw her, wrapping paper about
pieces of wire, was very similar to the play
of better favored children. She was com-
pelled to do it, however, from early morn
till late at night, and even denied the right
to sleep. For her, therefore, what might
be play for some other child, became the
most awful bondage and cruelty." What
can four-year-old babies do? Mr. Spargo

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

has seen them not a score, but hundreds,
driven to work. "They pull basting threads,
that you and I may wear cheap garments;
they arrange the petals of artificial flowers ;
they sort beads; they paste boxes; they do
more than that. I know of a room where
a dozen or more little children are seated
on the floor, surrounded by barrels, and in
those barrels is found human hair, tan-
gled and blood-stained — you can imagine
the condition, for it is not my hair and
yours that is cut off in the hour of death !'*
But even the most copious extracts from
Mr. Spargo's book will not suffice to pic-
ture even faintly the awful horrors of child
labor as he has seen it. He declares that
he saw, hundreds of times, conditions that
he dare not attempt to describe in a printed
book; conditions revolting in their bcasti-

ality; conditions that are rearing a genera-
tion of criminals without even a faint
knowledge of decency or morality. And
to this end the greed for gold is driving
this great republic. Mr. Spargo's book
should be read by every patriotic man and
woman in America, and having read it,
they should set forth, determined to wipe
this crime from the calendar. Senator
Beveridge should have the support of the
great American people in his warfare
against this evil. It is an evil that must be
eradicated, and that soon, for already its
deadly effects are showing upon the body
politic. It is enough to say. "Oh, there is
no danger that my child will ever be sub-
jected to such conditions." That was the
plea of the first murderer, but it was not
effective.— r/i^ Commoner,

Stubtoe Land.

How would it be to steal away.

When sunny is the weather.
And leave the town, all dull and brown.

And jog along together
Down the road in the oldtime way.

By lanes and fields a-smiling.
Until we came to Stubtoe Land —

Now isn't the thought beguiling?

It seems to me 'twould be so good
To go where nothing's hurried,

Where clanking bells and all that tells
Of strife is dead and buried;

To just forget the whistles* screech.
And things that's irriuttng,

And where the style of clothes you wear

Don't indicate your rating.

I think — don't you? — this din and roar

Just makes a fellow wonder
If all those things he used to know

Still live in Old Back Yonder.
I'm not dissatisfied with life.

And mind, I'm not fault unding,
But how would it seem to forget, just once.

This everlasting grinding?

How would it be to drop the mask

That we're forever wearing.
And be ourselves in Stubtoe Land —

Back of the Hills of Caring?
To follow the barefoot trail along.

By lanes and fields a-smiling.
It seems to me it would be so good —

Now isn't the thought beguiling?

— MUxvaukee Sentinel.

Reverie.

They swiftly come, they swiftly pass.

The shadow pictures in the smoke,
Like mirrored faces on the glass

Of foregone folk.

And as they glide and slip away
Into the amaranthine streams

I vainly plead — they will not stay
To 'wake my dreams.

A gleaming aureole and bright

Surrounds a face with dimples fair;

It dances in the firelight.
And passes there.

Dreams, dreams, sweet dreams! They ebb and flow.

And pass away in rings of smoke.
Fond pictures ot the long ago.

And foregone folk.

— Horace Seymour Keller.

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Jt™^

)Er

This Deparimeni U open to all i

I friends of iho Brothorhood.

When Starting Housekeeping.

Marriage on a small income is at best a pre-
carious business, and to support it it takes a wife
who is not only cheerful, brave, and accustomed
to put worry behind her, but one who knows ex-
actly the value of money. She must be up to all
torts of tricks for saving the pennies, and if she
insists upon going to housekeeping, she must be
prefftred not only to keep a watchful eye on the
tradespeople, but also to do every scrap of her own
housework.

There is not the slightest use, my dear, in
attempting to marry and go to housekeeping on
a small income if you are not thoroughly ground-
ed in the technique of domestic economy. It
makes no di£Ference how many other courses you
may have taken, as you will find when ]rou come
to do your first week's marketing and to get up
your first dinner.

In the first place, you must know all there is to
know about plain cooking. You must be able to
get up the kind of meal that Jack's mother used
to get up, or else you will soon have a dyspeptic
invalid on your hands, and — ^well— every woman
knows what it means to have a dyspeptic around
the house.

You must also be able to make all your own
clothes, and it would be well if this included not
only waists, dresses, lingerie, trimming of hats,
but even the making of a suit. I once knew a
woman, who, being able to make her own suits,
bought her material one winter at a bargain sale,
and got up the suit at a total cost of $8.56.

Besides your own clothes, you must know how
to make the children's clothes. Girls, you will
find comparatively easy to dress, but unless you
are well grounded in the art of dressmaking you
will discover that the fashioning of your little
son*s clothes will be very much of a task.

You must know how to buy roasts and steaks,
and you will find it of no earthly value to you
that the butcher knows how to sell them. You
must also be able to keep account books methodi-
cally; you must solve the problem of working
incessantly all day long, and yet looking bright
and attractive when Jack comes home for his
supper; you must learn not to talk bills and other
housekeeping details, and yet at the same time
to be constantly turning ovsr in your mind ways
of meeting them. It is better, however, not to
run up bills, but to pay as you go along, for in
this way you will not spend so much money, but
will feel every dollar as you part with it.

You will discover that it is better for all con-
cerned if you will try not only to appear cheerful,
but actually to be so. I know that you will have
a great deal to make yon anything but cheerful,
but when yon feel a fit of the blues coming on,
you should run out to see some friend, or fix your
mind on how immensely better off you are than
some other people you know.

Another excellent plan is to jot down a list of
your fancied wrongs, and on reading it over later
you will enjoy a good laugh at your own foolish-
ness. It is your duty to shake off despondency,
for if your husband sees that you are down-
hearted it will make his burden doubly hard.

But these are counsels such as you will prob-
ably make to yourself, and we will suppose that
you are not the kind of woman to marry with
no knowledge whatever of domestic economy. We
will take it for granted that you have mastered
considerably more than the alphabet, and that you
are looking for some more advanced knowledge.

It is a good plan when starting housekeeping not
to buy everything at once. Many young couples
do this, and are thus forced to buy inferior ar-
ticles, articles that are not durable and that will
soon be out of style. Get no more than what yon
actually need to begin with, and buy the rest as
you hit upon opportunities to pick them up cheap-
ly. Often it happens that a young married woman
has a little time on her hands, time which in this
way can be passed most agreeably.

When buying window blinds it is well to allow
at both top and bottom for a hem wide enough to
admit the stick. Sew a strip of tape on the top
hem, and through this put the nails which are to
secure the blind to the roller. Blinds made in
this way can easily be turned upside down when
soiled.

It is a bad plan to economize in buying mat-
tresses, for a really good hair mattress will last
a lifetime. It can be cleaned over and over again,
and made to look as good as new. A good mat-
tress is far more comfortable and wholesome to
sleep upon than one filled with cheap materiaL

It is also a bad idea to economize on blankets,
because the cheaper kinds, being a mixture of cot-
ton and wool, are far heavier than those made of
all wool, and bedclothing, you know, should al-
ways be light in weight.

It is much cheaper and far more hygienic to use
a large rug in place of a carpet. Put newspapers
under it just as under a carpet, but place them a
little distance back from the edge, so that* they
will not be exposed in sweeping, moving of fumi-

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884 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ture, etc In this way you will save wear and over the clothes much more easily than they would

tear on the rug, and it will also afford greater if not treated in this way.

warmth in cold weather. If you are troubled with muddy water you do

When working in the kitchen you can always "ot have to go to the expense of having a filter

be fresh and tidy looking (a matter which is nat- P"t in. but you can make one yourself for the er-

urally of the first importance to the young wife) pcnditure of very little money. Get a new Howcr

if you will draw up a pair of extra sleeves over PoU and close the opening in the bottom wi h a

the lower portion of your dress sleeves, and if you P«ce of sponge. Place on this a layer of small,

will wear a large bib apron as long as your gown, well cleaned stones about two inches deep, and

When washing floorcloth do not use soap, but ^^ve the upper stones smaller than the lower,

painter's sire, a kind of weak glue p&te. Add a Then get some freshly burnt charcoal that has

tablespoonful of this to a bucket of water. This been kept ,n a dry well aired place, and after r<^

will give the floor cloth a glossy surface, and will du"n« »t to a powder mix ,t with twice Us bulk

make it wear much better than it would if washed °^ ^^^^^ ^"d. Fill the pot with Uiis mixture to

in the ordinary way. ^'^^b'" ^ /^^ »"f *=« ^/ '^"^ ^°P^"^ ~7^'' >* ^«*^

For the kitchen get a table covered with rinc or \^^°"^ ^^^^^f <>^ ^°J^» ^*^"f«-, ^hen place around

. ^. J 11 u J u _ the rim a piece of flannel large enough to tic

heavy tin. and you will never be annoyed by un- ' .... ^ . , ,-.., u n .t.

. . ., t^ ^. . .. ^ . «,.„♦. «e around the pot and to leave a little hollow in the

sightly grease after the preparation of meats or %r •„ . . *i. u i

/ui o u * ui u - »u- A^ ,Ki- «^„,« centre. You will need to renew the charcoal

vegetables. Such a table has the double advan- ..or..

, . . . M r .• i**...!^ about once a month. — Selected,

tagc of lasting a long time and of costing little *"""* ""** •

money.

When opening the oven door to see if the bak- The Wofkingman's Wife.

ing is done be sure to do it gently, as any sudden

jar may cause the cake or pudding to fall. (By Rev. Charles Stelzle.)

The oven should be frequently scrubbed with

hot soda water, and two or three times a year its Many are the factors that enter into the labor
sides should be painted over with quicklime. If question, and numerous the persons who are bc-
you do this your oven will never become caked ing brought into the lime-light because of them,
with grease, and consequently there will be no We hear of the captain of industry. The news-
unpleasant smell when cooking. papers all have in stock his photographs, half-

In order to prevent flakes of lime from forming tones and etchings, to be used upon the slightest

on the sides of a kettle when hard water is used, provocation. We hear not a little of the labor

it is a good plan to put a common marble (not leader — the walking delegate — ^and sometimes even

glass) into the kettle. his picture is printed. Then we learn of the **or-

If your husband objects to fat meat try pre- dinary workingman," and we are told that the
paring it in the following way: Cut off the fat be- prosperity of our country rests with him. Once
fore the joint is cooked, and mince it finely. Mix in a while, when he is making a fight for what
with twice as much flour, and after making it into he considers to be ' his rights, somebody will
a paste with cold water and forming it into balls, champion his cause and really stand by him.
boil for an hour. Your husband will probably find But in all this discussion what about the work-
it delicious served with either gravy or jam. ingman's wife? How often is her picture used

You probably will want to put up your own by the newspaper? How often is she mentioned
jam, but having only a limited amount of house- when the struggles and the trials of her husband
keeping money you will not be able to make the are being exploited? What credit docs she re-
necessary outlay all at once. You might try buy- ceive when the victory is won?
ing all the year round a couple of pounds more Frankly, I wonder sometimes how It is that
sugar every week than you actually need. When many of them do not become insane, as I think
jam making time comes around you will then have of the awful monotony of their lives. The aver-
only the fruit to buy. age workingman's life is dull enough. We'll take

As soon as a fruit stain appears on table linen, that for granted. But his life, as compared with

rub it with a little methylated spirit, and the stain his wife's, is full of variety and good cheer,

will disappear at once. She spends most of her time within the confines

If you are an amateur at cooking or if this is of her kitchen, surrounded by four dull walls,

your first experience in the kitchen entirely im- She rarely sees an inspiring face, and she gets

assisted and undirected, yon may at some time mighty little credit for her faithfulness — even

put too much salt in a dish. In such a case add from her husband. Not that he isn't grateful, but

a little sugar and just a suggestion of vinegar. he doesn't often think of telling her so. Usually

When paring apples, a good plan is to have at she hears about it when something has gone

hand a pan of cold water to which a few drops of wrong. She rarely complains. She is giving her

lemon juice have been adde<S, and into which the life for her family. I rarely see a workingman's

apples may be dropped when pared. In this way wife with her bunch of little children but what

they will not turn brown. A silver knife should I feel like crowning her with the highest honor.

be used for paring apples. She deserves it. If she isn't always "up to datt"

When ironing keep by you a piece of rag ihat and if her husband cannot always talk with her

has been wrung out of cold water, and rubbed about the affairs that interest him most, it is gcn-

with a little soap. Rub this lightly over the irons erally his fault. She is the same woman that he

before tising, and you will find that they will slip courted. He thought that she was "alf right*'

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL, 885

then. If. in her endeavor to make a home for Write Them A Letter Tonight.

him, she was compelled to sacrifice for his sake

many of the pleasures and advantages which were Don't go jo the theatre, concert or ball,

hers before her marriage, more than ever should 3^,^ sj^y j^ y^^j. ^oom tonight;

the sympathy and the help of her husband become Deny yourself to the friends that ^11,

hers. And a good long letter write;

Full of significance was the answer of a former Write to the sad old folks at home,

shop girl when her friend asked her: who sit when the day is done,

"Where are you working?" With folded hands and downcast oyes,

•*Oh," she replied, gayly, "I'm not working— ^nd think of their railroad son.
I'm married.**

She was working harder than ever— not for Don't selfishly scribble "excuse my haste,

wages, but for love's sake. I've scarcely the time to write,"

Lest their brooding thoughts go wandering back

ou«..\-caa. When they lost their needed sleep and rest,

.. . • And every breath was a prayer-
There are many elements to be considered in ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^,j ,^^^^ ^^^.^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^

judging of a man's success. It does not necessarily ^^ ^^.^ ^^^^^^ ,^^^ ^^^ ^^^^

follow that he who lives in a fine mansion and ao-

quires a large fortune is the most successful of 33^^,^ ,^^ ^^^^ ^^^, ^^^^ ^^^.^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^

men, although the accumulation of wealth is es- ^^ ^^^.^ ,^^^ ^^ ^^^^, ^.^.

sential. It lies more in the proper expenditure p^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^.^ ^^^^^^j^ sensitive

of a man's fortune which marks h.m as success- ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^.^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^,

ful. Whatever a man*s views on this subject may j^ ^^^^ ^ ^^j, ^^ ,^^ ^^^^ ^,.^^.^

be, he mui,t concede that all our noted men and you never forgot them— quite;

great philanthropists, including many living at the ^j^^^ ^^^ ^^^ .^ ^ pleasure, when far away,

present time, have used their vast wealth for the ^o^^ ,^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^j^^

benefit of mankind, and that they are better to be

'regarded as successful than those who have ac- p^^.^ ^j^j^ ^^^^ ,^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ {rkndB,

quired large fortunes and appropriated them to ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ p^^^.^^ ^^

their own indulgences. j^a^^ h^jf ^^^ anxious thought for you

Ability Is a young man's best capiul, and should That the old folks have today.

be laid as the corner stone to "success.** The The duty of writing do not put off;

young man who has a fair capacity and applies j^t sleep or pleasure wait,

himself will find that "brains** are always better Lest the letter for which they longed

than "wealth.** Brains will, and have put many Be a day or an hour too late.

a poor boy on the road to success. Just look back

to our presidents, and also great writers and rul- For the loving, sad old folks at home,

crs, and study their lives, as they slowly but With locks fast turning white,

surely made their mark in the world without fame Are longing to hear from their railroad son.

or fortune, just used their brains. It is very true Write them a letter tonight.

we cannot all be wealthy, but we are heirs to . Anon.

some ability, and let that be success. It can be

utilized and prove more valuable than money.

Remember the three graces of Faith, Hope and Her Influence For Good.

Charity, the greatest of which is charity. It

symbolizes the friendship of Christianity and of Amid the hurly-burly of labor troubles and the

heaven. Faith is the foundation of creed, Hope tribulations of the trusts, the world has little

its beautiful elaboration and Charity its crowning time to recognize the merit of those gentle souls

jewel. who arc m^ing the world better in the humble

How many men of today look upon the past walks of life,

with regret, thinking of what a success they Among these the workingman's wife exerts an

could have been, and of what benefit they could influence for good that is more far-reaching than

have been to our country today. that of presidents and kings and legislators— of

Do not be susceptible to flattery. Just live to captains of industry and philanthropic millionaires

be upright, sound business men, not to find pride and walking delegates.

in success, but to take it in a sort of matter of In her keeping are the characters of the future
fact way, more as an honest reward for hard citizens and the wives of the future citizens of

work. The man whose one ambition is to be sue- the country.

cessful must look upon "conceit" as a danger sig- From busy morn till weary night she looks

nal. after the comfort of the household — cheerfully if

Do not be a victim of over confidence, never she has half a chance — and with anxious care
turn a deaf ear to criticism, and remember above strives to shield her sons and daughters from evil
all things, that there are many conditions existing influences and perfect them in the ways of decent

today that should not. and honorable manhood and womanhood.

Mrs. James Kendrick. She has little time to worry about facial

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886

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

wrinkles and the arrival of the first gray hair.
The vanity of woman becomes in her a self-sac-
rificing pride in the moral and mental growth of
her children.

If she ever does wrong, loses control of her
temper or hft a dash of vinegar in her speech
and actions, the chances are that the neglect of
her helpmate is to blame. But even when she
is soured by ill-usage and the cares of poverty,
beneath the surface the current of womanly emo-
tion still runs pure and deep and strong.

In time the hard conditions of life may cause
her to shrink from disclosing the little vanities
which soften the radiant charm of womanhood as
the down softens the blush of the peach. Yet a
kind act, the merest trifling bit of praise, may
lure them forth again to give the lie to the
wrinkles on the brow, the bitter word and the
world-weary look.

The workingman who has always known these
things or, having forgotten, has learned them
again is blessed indeed. His lot may sometimes
be hard and he may feel that he has good cause
to envy those who revel in luxury, and yet he is
continually thankful that he possesses a treasure
which gold can never buy.

Heaven bless the workingman 's wife! — Wash'
ington Trade Unionist.

They'll be coming for me hot —
That is where they get a lemon, tng and round;
I'll just whistle ''Annie Laarie/'
And I bet they'll be sorry
That once upon a time they turned me down.
Miss Lydia M. Dunham,
Lehigh Tannery* Pa.

A^Lemon.

You treat a fellow white.
You think he*s out of sight,

He*8 just the chap on whom you can depend;
He's your pal, for foul or fair,
For your faults he does not care.

And you're glad that you at last have found a
friend.

But it happens that, one day.
You are summoned far away.

Although you hate to leave the dear old town;
He sees you to the train.
Says, "Come back, pal, soon again,"

And you're pretty sure he'll never turn you down.

In a year, or two, or three.

You come back again, and see
Many diflFcrent faces, old and new.

But you quickly pass them by.

Because you have your eye
On the dear old chap who used to chiim with you.

Your face lights up with joy.

You say, "Hello, old boy;
Come on, we'll take a walk about the town."

But he looks you through and through

In a manner new to you —
There's no mistake; your pal has turned you down.

Pretty soon I will be flush.

Then, you'll see, there'll be a rush —

They'll be looking for the glad hand, then, from
me.

Every dog must have his day —
That is what the wise guys say.

And I'll get my innings yet, just wait and sec
When they see the wad I've got

Statement Of Claims.

Port Huron, Mich., Sept. 1st, 1907.

Prevu>ualy paid $294,665.58

Paid Since Last Report.

783 D. B. Myers, Youngwood, Pa...$ 600.00

784 Dr. Isaac Gowen, Gdn.« Union

HiU, N. J 500.00

735 Geo. W. Snyder, McKees Rocks,

Pa 600.00

786 John L. Haas, Gdn., Toledo, O... 500.00

737 Garrett Hubbard, Gallon, 0 500.00

788 Stella Qilbertson, Lincoln, Neb.. 500.00

789 J. L. Rauch, New York, N. Y... 600.00

740 Louis Kuehner, St. Louis, Mo.... 500.00

741 Geo. P. Hanchett, Oeveland, O.. 500.00

742 Wm. Carlson, Escanaba, Mich... 600.00
748 M. A. Ayres, Dubuque, la 500.00

744 Thos. G. Robinson, E. Syractise, *

N. Y 500.00

745 Chas. H. Drake, Hoboken, N. J.. 500.00

746 Geo. N. LeFevre, Baltimore, Md. 500.00

747 Olga Ellis, Jersey City, N. J.... 500.00

748 Tena MilU, Omaha, Neb 500.00

Total $802,665.58

Died Since Last Report.

May McMillan, of Lodge No. 117, died June
18, 1907.

Bridget Leddy, of Lodge No. 215, died July 16,
1907.

Clara Myers, of Lodge No. 178, died July 27.
1907.

Mary Cannavan, of Lodge No. 858, died Auguat
7, 1907.

Belle Strong, of Lodge No. 88, died August 11,
1907.

Louise Main, of Lodge No. 283, died August 7,
1907.

Mae Hennessey, of Lodge No. 244, died Au-
gust 7, 1907.

Cora Schirm, of Lodge No. 335, died August
— , 1907.

Lillian McDonald, of Lodge No. 7, died August
22, 1907.

Johanna McKay, of Lodge No. 157, died August
17, 1907.

Clara Way, of Lodge No. 78, died August 9,
1907.

Elizabeth Homan, of Lodge No. 830, died Au-
gust 14, 1907.

Hattie Bingham, of Lodge No. 97, died August
21, 1907.

Amy a. Downing,
G. S. & T.

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TRAIN RULES

i^KINDKED SUfidECTS

Send all inquiries to H. A. Dalby, Naugatoclc, Conn.

About Question 183.

We hereby acknowledge receipt of sev- There is no question about the effect of
eral communications in regard to Question Order No. 2 with regard to 1st 120. It
183 in the August Journal. The situation makes the meeting point at D instead of,£
as described represented Engine 2302 re- and when this order is annulled it annuls
ceiving Order No. 1 directing it to run ex- all meeting points with the 1st section so
tra A to F and meet No. 120 at £. A later that the extra has no help against it
order instructs them to meet 1st 120 at D The real question is in regard to the ex-
instead of E and gives them right over 2d tra being given right over 2d 120 to F when
120 to F. A third order annuls Order No. it already holds a meet at E. The orders
2. The inquirer asks what the extra has on may be said to conflict, thereby making it
120 after the receipt of the last order. A a matter of safety to refuse to use either,
hasty reading gave a wrong impression and On the other hand, a "meet" order may be
we accept the criticisms on the answer that properly issued after a "right** order has
was given. We have, however, received been given and both be in effect and it may
three opinions as to how the extra should be asked if both may not be in effect if the
be governed in regard to 2d 120 after the "meet" be issued first and the "right" after-
receipt of Order No. 2. ward. We never knew of the natural

In all three it is agreed that Order No. course being reversed in this way and as it
2 changes the meet with 1st 120 to D in- certainly is out of harmony with common
stead of E, but in regard to the second sec- practice it is a difficult question on which to
tion the first man says the right over the offer an opinion. Furthermore, we do not
second section to F is in conflict with the see what is to be accomplished by such an
first order which made the meeting point order. The most liberal construction would
at E for all sections and, therefore, he would only permit the extra to hold the main
not accept that part of the order at all ; the track at E instead of taking the siding for
second man says the order does, in a sense, 2d 120 and it would seem very peculiar, to
conflict with the former provision for meet- say the least, to issue such an order to ac-
ing the second section at E, but that the complish that result.

two orders may be considered to be in ef- We feel inclined to express disapproval
feet at the same time and the "right" order of this part of Order No. 2 as well as the
gives the extra the right to hold the main subsequent annulling of the order. The
track when meeting the second section at whole thing is too complicated even if it
E, while the third man accepts the "right" should admit of a reasonable explanation,
order and also the original "meet" at E It requires too much thinking. If a change
and says nothing about their conflicting, of dispatchers took place before the or-
Whether he would wait at E for the second ders were executed the one coming on duty
section or go to F regardless of it we do might easily fail to properly grasp the situ-
not know. ation and issue conflicting instructions fol-

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888 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

lowed by serious results. The men on the cannot use the schedule of the old time
train have many things that demand their table for that time table is dead and the
attention and it is an easy matter in trac- schedule of the new time table does not
ing out a spries of changes such as these become effective until 5:15 p. m. Question
to get a wrong impression and not find it 185 is practically the same situation and as
out until too late. In his own experience the train is running on the schedule of the
the writer has never made more than one day before the time table takes effect, I do
supersedure in a given situation. If neces- not see how it can assume the schedule on
sary to make a second change from the the new time table/' — W. E. C.
original he has annulled all former instruc- Answebl— When Rule 4 was under con-
tions and sent positive orders as to what sideration by the revisers of the Standard
is then expected. Instructions should be q^^^^ ^hg ^^iter presented a rule which he
made plain and positive. The very fact that tried very hard to have adopted but was
this question has called forth so much dis- unsuccessful. The f^rst paragraph of our
cussion is evidence that the situation is not proposed rule was as follows :
entirely clear ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ moment it

^A ^. XT T "^"[^ T. n T'"" takes effect, supersedes the preceding time

got Order No. 2 we should call the atten- ^^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ preceding

tion of the dispatcher to the mconsistency ^.^^ ^^^^^ corresponds in number, class,
of the second part of the order and ask to ^^^^ .^ ^^^^^^ ^.^^^^.^^^ .^.^.^j ^^^ ^^^^j_
have It remedied. If this were refused we ^^j ^^^^.^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^.^^
should proceed to E and wait for 2d 120, ^^j^,^^ .^^ ^^.^^^^^^ ^^^ authority, with
being prepared to either hold the main ^^^^ ^^^^.^.^^ pertaining thereto, will be
track or take the siding according as cir- transferred to the schedule of the same

cumstances would warrant. After receiv- „„^Kz»^ ^«^ a^^^ «« *u^ «^... *:«,^ ♦^ki-.
^ , ^^ „ , , , . , , number and date on the new time table,
mg Order No. 3 we should consider that ^ , i. , . , * . « .,
we had nothing on 1st 120, but still hold a ^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^'^ }^^ American RaUway
meet at E with the 2d section. Associ^aion adopted a rule, the first para-
It seems these orders must have created ^^^P^ °^ "^^'^^ '' ^^'^''
wide spread interest as we have just re- Each time table, from the moment it
ceived two other letters from different lo- takes effect, supersedes the preceding time
calities asking afresh the very same ques- table, and its schedules take effect on any
tion. division (or sub-division) at the leaving
Our personal opinion is that it indicates time at their initial stations on such di-
a misapprehension among dispatchers as vision (or sub-division). But when a
to the way in which orders should be sent schedule of the preceding time table cor-
for they are certainly contrary to any wise responds in number, class, day of leaving,
and reasonable procedure when it is de- direction, and initial and terminal stations
sired to make a change in meeting points. with a schedule of the new time table, a
QUESTIONS *^^^" authorized by the preceding time table
191.-"I do not quite understand answers will retain its train orders and assume the
to Questions 182 and 185 in the August ^^>'^''"'^ °^ the corresponding number of
T • A ^ u r ^- i. ui .. the new time table.
Journal in regard to change of time tables.

In Question 182 No. 4 on the old card is They told us their rule meant the same

due to leave A at 9:30 p. m. and is six ^s ours and we quote our own only bc-

hours late. No. 4 on new card that takes cause we think it is easier to explain the

effect at 12:01 a. m. is due to leave at 5:15 intention by it than by the rule given out

p. m. I do not see how No. 4 can run on ^^ standard.

the new time table as the train on that In Question 182 suppose you are the

time table is not due to leave A until 5:15 conductor who is to run No. 4 and you are

p. m., while the train on the road is of the due to leave A at 9 :30 p. m. That is your

date of the day before. If that train can schedule and you are going to use it as

run as No. 4 on the new time table please soon as your train is ready to leave. This

state what schedule it is going to use. It is the night of the 15th, for instance. On

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890 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the morning of the 16th at 12.01 a new time
table comes into effect and you look at
Rule 4 to see how it is going to affect you.
You find that the schedule of the 15th, the
one to which you were entitled and on
which you would be running if your train "7^^ ^^^i^ ^oad is considered as one
had been on time, corresponds to a schedule division, some trains being scheduled be-
on the new time table in the several partic- ^^^^j^ ^ and E and others between B and
ulars mentioned in the rule. Now, if you £ q jg j^e junction point, but is not a
were using Dalby's rule we think it would terminal station. On the old time table
be plain enough that the schedule of the j^q 2 is scheduled from A to E leaving at
15th would transfer its existence and au- 7 ^ „,. and arriving at 11:55 a. m. The
thority to the schedule of the 15th as shown ^ew time table takes effect at 1 p. m. and
on the new time table. You would then shows No. 2 as running from B to E leav-
look at the schedule of the 15th on the j^g ^j 2 p. m. and arriving at 7 p. m. Sup-
new time table and see that it was due to p^se on the day of change No. 2 has com-
leave A at 5:15 p. m. You immediately pieted its run on time and is off the road
become four hours and 15 minutes later ^^ j p ^^ ^ould No. 2 leave B by the new
than you were before. Remember that the ^jn^^ j^ble and run to E? If so, would
first part of the proposed rule says that the ^1^^^^ not be two trains of the same number
new time table completely supersedes the ^^ ^hat day between C and E? Or, if it
old so that after it has taken eflfect and i^fj g ^n the new time table could it run
you have determined where you stand in ^niy ^g f^f as C on that day? Suppose No.
regard to it, it is just the same as though 2 was late and still on the road, say at D,
it had been in effect for ten years. You had ^ould it assume the new schedule and run
been entitled to the schedule of the 15th f^om D to E? Suppose an extra was run-
and you are still entitled to it. You can ^j^g j„ ^^ opposite direction and was at
leave any time until 5:15 a. ni. when you D at 1 p. m. and it had already met No. 2.
will be 12 hours late. should it look out for another No. 2 by the.

Now, the Standard Code rule is said to new time table? Suppose it had not met

mean the same thing. You take up your No. 2, should it look out for any train, or

new time table, as we have described, and one train or two trains of that number?"

find that your schedule corresponds with — D. I. R.

No. 4 on the new time table in "class, day Answer. — These questions can only be
of leaving, direction and initial and termi- answered by the revised Standard Code
nal stations." You represent the "train au- Rule 4. The situation cannot be governed
thorized by the preceding time table" and it by the old rule, that is, unless it is admitted
is directed by the rule to "retain its train that two trains may be run, one by the
orders and assume the schedule of the cor- old time table and one by the new, which
responding number of the new time table." would, of course, be an illogical, not to sav
Of course the rule does not say to assume a dangerous, condition. It would permit
the schedule of the same number and date the train on the road, if late, to assume
but it is explained by those who made the the schedule of the same number on the
rule that the words "day of leaving" are new time table and it would also authorize
intended to mean the same thing. The ^ train to leave 6 at 2 p. m. and run to E.
principle is that if you were using the jf you are working under the old Standard
schedule of the 15th you continue to use Code you should ask your superior officers
the schedule of the same date on the new for instructions. But the new rule is con-
time table even though the new time table structed with the intention of providing
does not take effect until the 16th. definitely for such a situation so that no

192._"Some of us on this road would misunderstanding may occur. The new

like information as to how trains should rule says that "when a schedule of the

be governed under Rule 4. The following preceding time table corresponds in num-

is a diagram of the road: ber, class, day of leaving, direction and ini-

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891

tial and tenninal stations with a schedule
of the new time table, a train authorized
by the preceding time table will retain its
train orders and assume the schedule of
the corresponding number of the new time
table/* It also says that "not more than
one schedule of the same number and day
shall be in effect on any division/* Now, if
No. 2 were on the road at the time of
change and its schedule were to correspond
to the one of the same number on the new
time table, in the particulars mentioned in
the hrst part of the rule, it could assume
the new schedule and proceed and no other
train of the same number could leave its
initial station that day. But that is not
true in this case because the old and new
schedules do not so correspond. They fail
to correspond in their initial stations, one
being due to start from A and the other
from B. No. 2, therefore, if it were on
the road, could not assume the new sched-
ule and there would be no schedule on
which it could complete its run. It would
be dead and could not run farther without
orders. Then the last part of the rule
would govern the situation at B and no
train could leave there for the reason that
No. 2 had been scheduled to run over the
division, even though not on that part of it,
on that day and no other schedule of the
same number could be in effect. It would
operate, therefore, to tie up the delayed
train on the road and to prevent any train
running on schedule No. 2 until the next
day.

An extra in the opposite direction would
have this information and would be gov-
erned accordingly. At 1 p. m. it would
not be required to look out for No. 2 at
all, whether it had met a train of that
number or not

193. — "How would the new form of Rule
4 work in a case like this? On the old
time table No. 1 was due to leave A at
9 a. m. and arrive at H at 1 p. m. and on
the new time table, which takes effect at
2 p. m., the same train leaves A at 4 p. m.
and arrives at H at 8 p. m.? We under-
stand that if No. 1 was on the road when
the new time table came into existence that
it would be authorized to wait for the time
of the new schedule and continue on that.
We also understand that if NQi 1 h^d not

left A at 1 p. m. that the schedule for that
date would still be open and that No. 1
could leave at 4 p. m. according to the
new time table. The rule seems to au-
thorize these things, but it also declares
expressly that not more than one schedule
of the same number and day shall be in
effect. Now, supposing an inferior train
is running against No. 1 and they have not
met them when they are overtaken by the
new time table. The inferior train does
not need to look out for them for perhaps •
several hours, so they continue to run un-
til they strike the new time of No. 1. Are
they not running against two schedules on
the same day? It seems as though there
is a No. 1 on the old time table and an-
other No. 1 on the new time table, both
on the same day and we supposed the ob-
ject in making a new Rule 4 was so that
only one train could use a schedule of any
ntunber on one day.** — N. C. S.

Answer. — That was exactly the object in
forming a new rule and we have not yet
heard of a case where it will not serve the
purpose. The writer of this question and
also the writer of Question 192 are both
concerned over the same thing, viz.,
whether there can be two trains of the
same number the same day. We think the
last question has been satisfactorily an-
swered and we are equally sure that the
case mentioned in this one does not show
two schedules of No. 1. The facts are
these: No. 1, if it is late and is on the
road at the time of change, can assume the
schedule of the corresponding number on -
the new time table. The new time table
changes its time so that it is several hours
later than it was before. It does not make
another schedule. It is the same schedule,
but the time is changed. The old schedule
was alive v/hen the change of time table
took place and it simply transferred its life
to the new schedule. If the old schedule
had been fulfilled or had died by reason of
being 12 hours late that would be another
thing. It would then have been out of ex-
istence and there would have been nothing
to infuse life into the schedule of the cor-
responding number on the new time table.
The inferior train running against No. 1
cannot infer that because it has not met
No. 1 by the old time table thatUie sched-
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892 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ule has lived its life. It was running one which is superior. If the train can
against No. 1 of that date and it is still proceed by flagging to the next open tele-
running against it. The only diflference is graph station our opinion is that such ac-
that its time is later, so much so that there tion would be perfectly right as any train
may be an interval when No. 1 is not due should be justified in helping itself out of
at any station. But the schedule is not a situation of this kind by the use of the
dead and it will be due as soon as its new red flag.

time arrives. The principle is just the We may say here that on the Northern

same as where a schedule shows dead time Pacific this possibility is avoided by a sys-

at a station. For a time the train is not tem of handling orders which is not in ac-

due at any station although the schedule ^q^^ ^j^h the Standard Code but is superior

is still alive and in effect. to it. The order is completed by the dis-

194. — "Please give your opinion on the patcher as soon as it is repeated and it is
following example: Order No. 1 reads as then delivered to the conductor, the opera-
follows : 'Engine 745 will run extra A to tor obtaining his signature in the usual way,
D with right over No. 93.' When I get to but it is not sent over the wire to the dis-
C, I sign Order No. 2 reading as follows: patcher. Should the wire then fail the
'Extra 745 north will meet No. 93 at C order may be delivered and no rules are
Extra 745 gets this order at C After I violated.

sign Order No. 2 the wires fail and the 195.— "The first order is as follows : 'En-
operator cannot get complete on the order gi^g jggQ will run extra from A to B and
which under the Standard Code of rules ^^^^ Extra 1961 at B.' Extra 1960 arrives
becomes a holding order. But No. 93 gets ^t B and gets running orders from B to
this Order No. 2 at D and meets Extra c. Extra 1961 has not arrived at B, but
745 at C. Now, after meeting No. 93 as E^tra 1960 goes on its new running or-
the order directed, even though complete ^ers. Did Extra 1960 run a meeting point
had not been given to Extra 745, there be- at B with Extra 1961 ?"— X. Y. Z.
ing nothing else on Order No. 2, could Answer.— This is another illustration of
Extra 745 proceed? The situation was such the wrong use of certain forms of train
that it was absolutely necessary for me to orders. The situation contains an incon-
leave C and I put a flag on No. 10, a first sistency which finds no explanation in the
class train, and flagged to D. What, in rujeg x^e extra fulfills its running orders
your opinion, should I have done?"— T. E. at B and yet has orders to meet another
T. extra at B. A "meet'* order is out of

Answer. — We should say that you did place, in fact it means nothing to Extra

exactly right. Situations of this kind hap- 1960 at a terminal station in a case like

pen occasionally and there is but one way this. It would mean something to Extra

to act according to the Standard Code rule 1961, but that is the wrong form of order

and that is for the train to be held until the to use. Extra 1960 should be given right

wire communication is restored. No doubt over Extra 1961 to B.
the rule has been violated and the train As to how Extra 1960 should act after

has proceeded without obtaining complete receiving another order to run extra B to

from the dispatcher. Probably no one C, if we were on the train we should take

would be censured if no serious result fol- the safe side and ask about Extra 1961,

lowed. Personally we see no objection to making sure that no mistake had been

making a ruling allowing the operator to made, but if satisfied that all was right we

complete the order after the meeting point should proceed. There is nothing in the

has been accomplished, but of course only order requiring us to wait. We should

the proper officer of the road could make then immediately lay the case before the

such a ruling. It would appear to be per- proper officer, ask if such orders were sanc-

fectly safe for the reason that the dis- tioned and if so, ask for instructions as to

patcher is not permitted to run an inferior how they should be understood,
train against the one in question without 196. — "The following order was issued:

sending the order in regular form to the 'Engine 1940 will nin extra from D to E

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 893

with right over second and inferior class them down going through stations to sec
trains.' Does this order give Extra 1940 if we will notice it.

right over another opposing extra?" — X. "Now, for example, No. 33 leaves A
Y. Z. with markers displayed and passing E, F

Answer.— This form of order is in com- and G without them. The question is,
mon use on some roads and it is under- should we consider that it was a complete
stood to include all trains except first class, train according to regular Rule 200? If
including extras. According to the rules you were at G and got a message from the
it should not include extras for the reason superintendent saying that No. 33 left H
that extras are not of any class. The pro- with train complete, does that give you any
per way for the order to read, if it is in- right to occupy the track between G and
tended to make Extra 1940 superior to ex- H?" — R. G. B.

tras, is to give it right over all except first Answer. — To begin with, we will say
class trains. that we have been in the service of the

197._''We are Extra 753 and get an or- Northern Pacific and have tried to find out
der at A as follows : *Extra 763 will meet why the rules relieve passenger trains and
No. 35 at R' When this order is com- light engines from displaying markers in
pleted No. 35 has been dead at F 50 min- day time, but never obtained a satisfactory
utes on account of being more than 12 explanation. When the telegraph block
hours late, but is not dead between A and system was established on certain parts of
F. Do you consider this a proper order, the road, however, it was considered advis-
it giving us a meet with a train that is able to insert in the block signal rules the
dead at the station where we are to meet? requirement that these trains as well as
If it is an improper order, has a person others should display regular day markers,
any right to accept it ?"— E. J. C W. These block signal rules apply only to such

Answer.— We should consider that the portions of the road as are operated under
order gives us right over No. 35 as long the block signal system. If any of the
as we need it. When we reach a point rules conflict with the regular rules they
where that schedule is 12 hours late of should be understood as superseding them,
course we do not need any help. The or- I" this case block signal Rule 10 practically
der is then annulled by the second para- annuls the note to regular Rule 200, making
graph of Rule 220 in the new Standard it obligatory upon all trains to display
Code, which is as follows: markers.

Orders held by, or issued for, or any part The question then is, if I am on an in-
of an order relating to a regular train be- ferior train at G and No. 33 passes that
come void when such train loses both right station in the same direction without mark-
and schedule as prescribed by Rules 4 and ers, what should I do? I should consider
82, or is annulled. that only part of the train had passed.

198. — "On this road, the Northern Pa- What if I received a message from the su-
cific, we are not working on what I would perintendent saying the train had passed
call an up-to-date standard book of rules. H (the next station beyond) complete? I
Since it went into effect they have adopted should refuse to move until I had author-
a book of telegraph block system rules ity for knowing that it was complete when
which changes some of the regular rules, it passed G. That is the station in which
Rule 200 of the regular rules says that a I am interested. It is probably a matter
train is 'an engine with or without cars, of fact that if the train is complete passing
equipped with train signals.' There is a H that it must have been so when passing
note that says, 'passenger trains and light G, but if there is any inference to be drawn
engines will not display day markers.' Now, in the matter let the sender of the mes-
in the block rules Rule 10 reads like this: sage do the assuming. I should want a
'Passenger trains and light engines will train order or a message from the super-
display day markers.' It has become a fad intendent saying that No. 33 was complete
here for some of the officials to take down passing G.

the markers on passenger trains and keep 199. — "Slow order on form 31^ No. 277,

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

dated August 18, reads as follows: *E>o
not exceed four miles per hour over bridge
57/ Conductor on train No. 21 August
•20th would not sign the order claiming it
had been fulfilled. Dispatcher claimed or-
der was all right, wired him to sign order
as presented to him and that he would ad-
vise when he wanted the date changed.
Who was right?"— A. M.

Answer. — According to all practice with
which we are familiar the dispatcher was
right. Slow orders are kept out as long as
they are to be observed and if on the 31
form conductors are required to sign them.
The date is not changed; it remains the
same until the order is annulled.

200. — "Engine 404 is working extra be-
tween Larue and Marion and has right over
all trains until 5 p. m. The work has been
so delayed that they cannot go in either
direction on account of two first class
trains being due -to meet at Marion at 5:15
p. m. The superior direction is east. I
claim that Extra 404 will have to stand
still and protect as in Rule 99 of the Stand-
ard Code until one or the other of the first
class trains approach with meeting orders
and proceed ahead to the first switch. The
answer they give us here is that the extra
has a right to fiag to the nearest switch
against either train." — H. J. H.

Answer. — Our judgment would be that
the work train should protect itself and get
in to clear somewhere before the passenger
trains become due. We consider this an
emergency when the use of the red flag is
fully warranted.

201. — *T was on a second class train with
60 cars. We pulled part way Into a siding
to meet a first class train. The siding was
not long enough to hold my train. When
the first class train came I noticed two cars
off centers on rear of my train, but I con-
tinued to pull rear into siding to let the
first class train go. As there was a
heavy grade the engine could not back
train up and there was another first class
train due behind me in 25 minutes. I
pulled the pin ahead of the cripples and left
the rear of the train, went to a terminal
and set head end off. Now, with my rear
end on siding with the switches closed and
no flag out, do you think I had a right to
go back after my rear against a first class

train or do you think that they had a right
to pass my rear with the day markers out?"
-C.

Answer.— We know of no rule governing
a situation of this kind unless it is Rule
101, which relates to a train parting while
in motion. The rule has especial reference
to a break-in-two and was originally form-
ed to provide for such an emergency, but
we have always considered that its author-
ity is legitimately extended to any case
where the train must be hauled over any
portion of the road in two or more parts.
We have instructed trainmen in accordance
with this understanding in case of
cutting off the engine to run for
water, doubling a hill or any similar oc-
currence. We believe the la:t sentence of
Rule 101, which reads, *The detached por-
tion must not be moved or passed until
the front portion comes back," clearly ap-
plies to any case where a tratn is handled
in two parts, as above described. We do
not know of any oflicial ruling on this par-
ticular point but our understanding, as
stated, seems warranted by the rule. If a
train finds a detached portion of another
on the main line it is clear that it must
not be moved. The rule also says that it
must not be passed, which must mean the
rear end of a train on a siding if it means
anything. Now, if it is possible, under the
operation of the rule, to overtake the rear
of a train standing on a siding, the over-
taking train has no way of knowing whetlier
the train parted while in motion or not,
therefore, we should say it must be gov-
erned by this rule and the front portion
of the other train may come back to re-
cover its rear.

It should be kept in mind, however, by
the men on the train which has parted
that the rear end must actually be a rear
end according to the rules, that is, the
markers must be displayed. We should
consider it a measure of safety, if not an
absolute necessity, also, to have a man
stationed to see that a following train does
not pass it. It would seem advisable to give
the stop signal to such following train, as
of course it will be expecting to find the
complete train if it sees the markers. This
would be especially necessary at night as
it would be entirely possible for the pass-
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895

iiig train to fail to observe that there is
no engine on the front end, the rules re-
quiring that its headlight be covered while
on a siding. We feel warranted in saying
that a flagman is necessary in such a case
because if there is none it leaves no pro-
tection except the markers and they might
easily be extinguished by night or mis-
placed by day.

We have considered the question from
the standpoint of the rules and believe the
front portion has the right to come back.

that not only safety but prompt movement
must always be considered and if the above
plan is followed arrangements should be
made for both the safety and prompt move-
ment of a following train. A man should
be left to protect the cars against a train
which might enter the siding and also to
explain the situation, if necessary, to a
train passing on the main track, which
might be in doubt as to the unusual pres-
ence of a caboose and a number of freight
cars standing on the siding. If this oc-

LEHIGH AND HUDSON AND PENNSYLVANIA COME TOGETHER AT FOUL RIFT. N. J.
The P. R. R.. Bel. Del. Division, local freight and a regular freight train of the Lehigh and Hudson met with disas-
. trous results. The cause was an order for the L. &. hi. train and a clear board for the P. R. R. train against it.

regardless of all trains, but in the case
before us it certainly would not be prac-
ticable to pursue such a course as it would
cause unnecessary delay to a more impor-
tant train. The proper thing to do would
be for the front portion to display markers
and represent the whole train, getting or-
ders to run back extra for its rear portion.
In this case, the markers must of course be
• removed from the caboose or rear car, as
the cars on the siding are not now a por-
tion of a train.

A fixed principle in train operations is
3—1

curred at a telegraph station this informa-
tion might be given other trains by wire,
but we consider it important that it should
be provided for in some way.

Occasions of this kind call for careful
consideration on the part of those con-
cerned and every precaution should be
taken to make sure that all understand the
situation alike. Serious results have fol-
lowed lack of care in circumstances just
like the case before us. Possibly on some
roads tliere are definite instructions in re-
gard to these things, but on many there are

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896 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

not and it rests with the men on the train ient, the time on the east being one hour

to arrange for the safe and speedy move- faster than that on the west

ment of other trains. If it occurs at a tel- ^s an illustration, the change between

egraph station the dispatcher should be in- 75th and 90th meridian time takes place at

formed of the situation and what it is the Detroit, Buffalo, Pittsburg, etc., while be-

intention to do, but those in charge of the tween 90th and 105th the change is made

train must not think that by so doing they ^t Minot and Mandan, N. D., North Platte,

are relieved in the least from responsibility N^b^ Phillipsburg and Dodge City, Kas..

for protection unless they get positive in- ^n^j othe^ points where conditions are most

struction from the dispatcher or other offi- favorable. Changes between each of the

cer to that effect. time belts are made on the same principle.

This is a good question. We are glad »t , .

T» u r -^„j«-* The time m the territory governed by
came up. Perhaps some of our readers . „ . V. * «. /
. c 4.' r ♦!,-:,. ^,«« the 75th meridian is called Eastern Stand-
can give some information from their own r . /.,^ t. -j- • -r-

wTu .. *u^ «.,i^. ^« „-,^»t. ard Time, that of the 90th meridian is Cen-

cxperience. What are the rules on your * .

1:1 TT •«! :«o*.„^4.:^«» ? tral Time, the 105th is Mountain and the

road? Have you any special instructions? t, -c -r- tu • ■ * j

How would you act? ^^Oth Pacific Time The remaining stand-

202.-*'Wliat is Standard Time? Where ^^f, »j «^\^'''^^ ^^ \^^ <50tTi meridian and is

,.. .^ • • * :» wTu -^ :♦ .,^^^> Ti^,.# called Atlantic or Intercolonial Time, but

did It originate? Why is it used? How . . i. ,. .

1 ^ ♦.:>»» u T u It IS onlv used by a few lines m eastern

do we get it? — H. J. H. ' a .u a- - - r- a- ^ -

ANSWER.-In the United States and Ca- ^aine and the adjoining Canadian tern-

nada there are five different standards of ^^^•

time, although one of them, that on the As to the origin of Standard Time, it
extreme east, is used by only a few roads, should be remembered that until its adop-
so that for the present we shall speak only tion in 1883 each road used its own time,
of the other four. These standards are de- usually the local time of some city on or
termined by the actual times on certain near its line. As may be imagined, this
meridians of longitude, there being a differ- was a source of endless confusion in mat-
ence of one hour for each fifteen degrees, ters pertaining to business between differ-
The meridians selected as standard are the ent roads, the transposition of "railroad
75th, 90th, 105th and 120th as reckoned time" to "city time" and vice versa, to say
west from the observatory at Greenwich, nothing of transcontinental lines running
England. The 75th meridian is very close east and west and covering several hundred
to Philadelphia, the 90th a trifle east of St. miles of territory. The General Time Con-
Louis, the 105th a few miles west of Den- vcntion was formed for the purpose of es-
ver and the r20th a little west of Sparks, tablishing*a system whereby as large a ter-
Nev. The actual time on each of these ritory as possible could use the same time
meridians is one hour faster than the next and when the limit of possibility in this
one to the west so that when it is noon at direction was reached that other sections
Philadelphia it is, approximately, 11 a. m. might use another standard that would be
at St. Louis, 10 a. m. at Denver and 9 a. m. easily understood by all. While the reconi-
at Sparks. Taking the 90th meridian as an mendation of the system was the work of
example, its time is the standard on either the above named body a large part of the
side until it reaches a point where it meets credit for the formulation of the plan is
the standard of the 75th on the east and the said to be due to Mr. W. F. Allen, the
105th on the west. The time on the differ- present secretary of the American Railway
ent roads is made to change at division or Association, which organization is the out-
district terminals where it is most conven- growth of the General Time Convention.

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There it no free Hat.

Send all remittonoea for •abeoriptiona to th« Grand Seoretaxr and Treasoier. See Section 80 Ooni>i it ut Ion, Grand
Lodge.

Letters for thla department most be written on one tide of paper onlj. written with Ink and mast be at the office
not later than the 12th of the month to Insure insertion In the next number.

All changes of address, commanloatlons pertaining to the Journal, etc., should be sent to the Editor. Do not send
resolutions.

When the Journal does not reach yon, Immedlatelj give us jour name, correct addrees and the number of your
Lodge.

The United Labor League Of West-
ern Pennsylvania Takes The B.
Of R. T. From The Unfair
List.

More than one year ago this organization was
placed on the unfair list by the United Labor
League of Western Pennsylvania at the demand
of the Switchmen's Union. The Switchmen had
ordered all the men to quit work on the "Mon.
Con.," and as the majority of them did not,
the Switchmen's Union declared that the Brother-
hood was sending men by the car load to take the
places of their members, and other statements were
made to give the impression that the B. R. T.
supplied men to take the places of the Switchmen.

At the time this affair occurred it was the oc*
casion for several exchanges of opinion between
the Switchmen and the Brotherhood, but the
League of which both organizations were a part
decided the Brotherhood was guilty of all the
charges preferred and as the recent procedings
of the League will show, placed the Brotherhood
on the unfair list on the unsupported statements
of the Switchmen and their sympathizers. The
same president who was in the chair for the
League held the same office when the action of
one year ago was rescinded and ample apology
made for the actions of the League.

Following is the story:

Pittsburg, Pa., August 26th, 1907.
Mr. W. G. Lee,
Assistant Grand Master, Brotherhood of Railway

Trainmen, Cleveland Ohio.

Sir and Brother: — Inclosed please find report
submitted by the committe appointed by the United
Labor League of Western Pennsylvania, to re-
open the case between the Brotherhood of Rail-
road Trainmen and the Switchmen's Union of
North America, resulting from the trouble on the
Monongahela Connecting Railroad, in April, 1906,
in this city. This report was adopted and recom-

mendations were concurred in at a meeting of
this League, held August 11th, 1907, in Pittsburg,
Pa. Fraternally yours,

John Fernau, President.
Pittsburg, August 11, 1907.
To the Officers and Members of the United Labcr

League of Western Pennsylvania:

At a regular meeting of the United Labor
League of Western Pennsylvania, held at their
hall. No. 635 Smithfield St., Pittsburg, Pa., July
14th, a resolution was offered to take from the un-
fair list the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen
and place them in good standing before the public
and organized labor, as the action taken by the
League, May 13, 1906, was not justified according
to law and the facts in connection with same.

The resolution was discussed and on motion of
Secretary Gilfoyle it was referred to a committee
of three, to be appointed by the President, with in-
structions to reopen the case and report back to
the League. I. N. Ross, Harvey Snow and Simon
Burns were appointed. The committee met and
sent out notices to the Switchmen's Union and the
Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen to meet at
No. 536 Smithfield St., at eight o'clock JuV 25th.

The meeting was called to order with Simon
Burns acting as chairman and I. N. Ross, sec-
retary, with Harvey Snow present. At the open-
ing of the meeting there were present represent-
ing the Switchmen's Union, Third Vice President,
D. A. Harshburger, Waltham Keller, Richard
Churchill and some others. The Brotherhood of
Railway Trainmen was represented by G. B. Mc-
Abee. Later, W. T. Hamilton arrived and took
part in the hearing. On request of Mr. McAbee
the report of the committee appointed by the
League April 8, 1906, consisting of Geo. Churchill,
chairman, representing in the League, the O. R.
C, Frank Smith and D. F. McCarthy, represent-
ing the Brotherhood of Painters and Decorators,
was read.

The Switchmen's case was opened and presented
by Mr. Harshberger. He stated their side of the
troubles on the MonongabeU Conncctbsg roads ar

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

follows: "During the time between March 10
and March 23, 1006, 14 members of the Switch-
n'cn's Union were discharged for belonging to
that Union. During that time they met and voted
to strike. On April 4, 1906, they did strike. Their
Grand Master, F. T. Hawley, was in this city and
sanctioned the strike."

He was asked the number of men working on
the Monongahela Connecting road, not including
engineers and firemen, and he said 145. That their
organization had 89 members working there, a
majority of all employed. He was asked to give
the number of his members who voted to strike on
that road, and refused to reply or give proof that
even the required two-thirds vote of his own
members, as provided for by the Switchmen's con-
stitution, voted for the strike. He said there were
mraibers of other organizations and some who
belonged to no organization that voted with them to
strike, but not at their meeting. When requested
to give the number of other men voting to strike,
he positively refused to answer, even after the
committee insisted that the Switchmen must give
this information. He contended that where an
organization had the majority of the members em-
ployed and by a two-thirds vote voted to strike, all
others were expected to strike.

He was asked to give the names of members
of the B. R. T. who went in and accepted places
of Switchmen after the strike was declared. There
were only three names given, and nothing to show
that those men, if they did as charged, went to
work with the Jcnowledge or consent of their local
or Grand Officers, and Harshburger admitted they
never notified the B. R. T. of their strike or that
their members were accepting their places, and
they did not ask that charges be preferred against
those three men in the locals they belonged to.

The Switchmen claimed the. national officers
of the B. R. T. were sending in men by the car-
load to take their places. There is no such proof.
Mr. Harshburger was asked to name some of the
14 Switchmen who were discharged between March
10 and 28, 1906, for belonging to the Switchmen's
Union and he and his members named one man,
Andrew McNevish, and positively refused to
give others, or could not, although they were noti-
fied they could have plenty of time to secure evi-
dence for their case.

At the opening of the meeting held by the com-
mittee on July 25, 1906, G. B. McAbee, represent-
ing the B. R. T., offered in evidence the original
telegram of Grand Master P. H. Morrissey to re-
fute statements made that they were sending or
advising their members to take Switchmen's places,
as follows:

Cleveland, Ohio, April 8, 1906.
E. B. McAfee, Versailles, Pa.

"Am advised Switchmen's Union on Mononga-
hela Connecting, may declare strike. Caution our
members employed there not to recognize any
ether authority to declare them on strike except
Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, and if Switch-
men's Union declares strike, advise them to con-
tinue their regular employment, but not to take
places vacated by strikers."

P. H. Morrissey.

The committee heard testimony until after 10:30,
July 25, and adjourned until next evening at the
same time and place to complete the Switchmen's
testimony, and just before dispersing that evening.
Mr. Harshburger or one of their members, said
that Mr. Hawley would be in Pittsburg next day
and wanted to know if the committee would hear
him. The reply was, "Yes, we would be glad to
hear him, or any one connected with either side
that would enlighten the committee."

Committee met Friday evening, July 26th, at
535 Smithfield St. All of committee present. Mr.
W. T. Hamilton and Mr. G. B. McAbcc present
representing B. R. T. No one appearing for
Switchmen, Mr. Hamilton and McAbee offered in
evidence the following exhibits as numbered and
accepted by committee. Letter No. 1 from Cedar
Rapids, la., to John Daley, Secretary Lodge No.
201 O. R. C, McKecs Rocks. No. 2 from E. E.
Clark to John Daley, July 12th. No. 3 from E.
E. Clark to P. H. Morrissey. No. 4 from P. IL
Morrissey, June 22, 1906, to A. Pressl. No. 5
resolutions from Good Will Lodge No. 106 B. R.
T. No. 7, copy of Railroad Trainmen's Journal,
June 1906. No. 8, copies of the signature verified
by committee of 76 employes of the Monongahela
Connecting Road dated April 27, 1906, showing
they were not consulted about strike on that road
and they did not go out or sanction the strike.
No. 9, copy of notice showing the discharge of
Andrew McNevish and Frank Hooper, March 2f2,
for neglect of duty and delay of hot metal train
from Furnace No. 5. The time of delay was two
hours and five minutes. Meeting of the committee
adjourned subject to call of chaiiman.

A meeting of committee was held at No. 535
Smithfield street, August 4. Present — Ross, Snow
and Burns. Present, representing B. of R. T., W.
T. Hamilton, John Thompson, M. J. Reilly and
N. A. Cree. B. of R. T. tendered as witness John
Thompson, conductor on Monongahela Connecting
road, employed there six years, was not consulted
about strike on Monongahela Connecting railroad,
on April 4, 1906, did not know of any Trainmen
accepting places of Switchmen.

McNevish and Hooper were discharged for de-
lay of hot metal train and failure to communicate
with yard master. McNevish said if he was dis-
charged would claim it was for belonging to
Switchmen's Union. Twenty-eight men quit on
April 4.

M. J. Reilly, B. R. T. Lodge No. 765, employed
on Monongahela Connecting R. R. about six years,
said: "Mr. Mills approached me on April 4, 1906,
and said the men were going to strike at six-
thirty. I replied. You can strike if you want to,
I am going to continue at work. Did not see any
B. R. T. members taking strikers* places."

N. A. Cree, B. R. T., employed on Mononga-
hela Connecting railroad April 4, 1906, said: "A
man came to me on that day and said there is go-
ing to be a strike here at six-thirty. I made the
reply that the time of notice is too short for me,
and will continue at work, which I did."

C. D. Wells, who was working for B. & O. R. R..
April 4, 1906; was invited to an open meeting of
Switchmen by John Short and /Keim to bcf held

Short and /Keim to bcr hel

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at Schott*8 Hall, South Side, on April 7, 1906.
Mr. Hawk-y was liicrc. Wm. Murry, member of
Switchmen, reported at that meeting '2i of their
members and two B. R. T. men had come out on
strike. Vote taken at meeting April 7, about :U
men voted to strike; there were present about loO
men.

Kxhibit No. 11, copy letter received by Presi-
dent of League from Assistant Grand Master W.
Cm. Lee, B. R. T., read at meeting of League May
13, 1900. Kxhtbits 12, 13 and 14, copies of Con-
stitutions United Labor League, B. R. T. and
S. U.

Testimony closed at ten o'clock P. M., August
4, 1907.

Abstracts from minutes of United Labor
League: April 8th placing the Monongahela Con-
necting R. R. officials on the unfair list and ap-
pointing a committee of three to act with Mr.

B. R. T. Somcrs, Dalby and Pressl reported fa-
vorable by Credentials Committee. Rei>ort re-
jected and referred back to committee to report
at next meeting.

June 10, 1900. ReiM>rt of Committee on Cre-
dentials of B. R. T. unfavorable, and rejected by
league.

Auf^ust 12, 1906. Credentials from George
Churchill to represent Switchmen's Union No.
02 accepted. Communication from Division No.
201 O. R. C. withdrawing their delegates George
Churchill and William Boate received. Mr. George
Churchill, wJio represented Division No. 201 O.
R. C. in the League on May 13th, said at first
meeting of this committee that the League did not
place the B. R. T. on the unfair list because of
his committee's report to League April 22, 1906,
but that the League acted and placed the B. R. T.
on the unfair list because of the reply of .Assistant

B. & O. RY., WRECK AT WOODLAND. WEST VIRGINIA. CAUSE. LAP ORDER.

Uawley and Paisiness Agent of .S. U. in their
effort to secure hearing with Monongahela Con-
necting officials. Committee, George Churchill
from the O. R. C; Frank K. Smith and Mr. D. 1'.
McCarthy from Brotherhood of Painters and Dec-
orators.

April 22, 1906, resolutions signed by Churchill,
Smith and McCarthy, adopted by league.

May 13, 1906, resolution placing B. R. T. on the
unfair list adopted. Amendment to place the offi-
cials of B. R. T. on the unfair list was defeated.

The Switchmen's Union previous to April, 1906,
was represented by two delegates from No. 62.
At the opening of the meeting of May 13, they
were represented by 11 delegates, and one dele-
gate from Lodge No. 106, of McKeesport, Pa.,
making a total of 12 votes in the League when the
B. R. T, was placed on the unfair list, out of a
total of 31 votes cast at the meeting.

May 22, 1906. Credentials from Lodge No. 106

Grand Master W. G. Lee received by the league
and acknowledged in minutes of May 13th. The
records of the league show the B. R. T. was
placed on the unfair list at meeting of May 1.3th
and before communication was read from Lee.
There is nothing in the Lee letter to justify such
action. Copy of letter follows:

Cleveland, Ohio., April 25, 1900.
Copy — Addressed to the President of the United
Labor League of Western Pennsylvania.
In the absence of Grand Master Morrisscy, this
letter is written to acknowledge receipt of your
communication of the 23d inst., inclosing copy of
resolutions recently adopted by the United Labor
league of Western Pennsylvania, relative to the
alleged strike of the Switchmen's Union of Nortli
America against the Monongahela Connecting R.
R. Co.

(Signed) W. G. Lee.

Assistant Grjunl Master*
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The committee appointed at meeting of league
April 8, 1906, consisted of Churchill, Smith and
McCarthy, reported their resolutions back to
League May 13tb and on motion they were adopt-
ed. On motion they be printed and distributed,
carried. This above shows conclusively that the
League acted on these resolutions and placed the
B. R. T. on the unfair list on the suggestions and
advice of this committee, copy of resolutions be-
ing submitted in evidence.

The evidence given before this committee nhows:

First, that the Switchmen, their officers and
members, at the committee meeting, July 85, did
not prove anything except that some of their
members quit work on April 4, 1906.

Second — They have failed to prove that they
had a majority of the employes of the Mononga-
hela Connecting Road belonging to the Switch-
men's Union on April 4,

en the South Side about April 7, 1006, that the
strike was legally called.

Eighth — They have failed to prove that any B.
R. T. members, O. R. C. members, engineers or
firemen voted with them or accepted their strike
order.

Ninth — They have failed to prove that the Grand
Officers of the B. R. T. or any of its local officers
or members advised, consented to or sanctioned
their members going in to work on the Mononga-
hela Connecting road, and accepting their places
during the trouble.

The B. R. T. have presented their side of this
dispute and have shown that:

First — The strike order was not legal; that the
Switchmen did not have any contract or agreement
with the Monongahela Connecting road, and no
agreement with the B. R. T. or with any organ-
izations connected with this railroad.

RESULT OF A BROKEN WHEEL FLANGE.
Near McKees Rocks. Penna . Flange broke, truck left rails and knocked out one of the bridge posts, colhipsine

the entire structure.

Third — They have failed to prove that they
complied with their own constitution that requires
a two-third vote of their members with the sanc-
tion and consent of their Grand Master.

Fourth — They have failed to prove that 14 mem-
Ijers of their Union were discharged on the Mo-
nongahela Connecting road between March 10 and
25, 1906, or that one member of their Union was
discharged for that reason.

Fifth— They have failed to prove that they had
89 members belonging to the S. U. at the time
of this trouble out of a total of 145 men employed
on the Monongahela ■ Connecting road, not includ-
ing the engineers and firemen.

Sixth — They have failed to prove the number of
their own members voting to strike and positively
refused to give the committee this information.

Seventh — They have failed to prove that at any
meeting of their own, or at the open meeting hcM

Second — That if the figures of Vice President
Harshberger are correct, that there was employed
on the Monongahela Connecting road, April 4,
1906, 145 men, not including engineers and fire-
men. They did not have a majority, as is shown
by signatures of 76 men who were employed there
at that time, who were not consulted about the
strike order, and did not vote.

Third — That if the Switchmen had 80 members
working on the Monongahela Connecting road at
that time, they did not show how many voted to
go on a strike and that the facts are, that not more
than 28 or 30 men quit work at the time of this
strike order.

Fourth — That the B. R. T. do not recognize any
strike order coming from any organization only
those with whom they have agreements, such as
the O. R. C.

Fifth — That the men discharged on the Monon-

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gahth Conflicting road was for wUlful ntgUci of
work and did not Justify even the Switchmen in
throwing out of employment men belonging to
their own organization, and if Mr, Hawley sane
tioned this strike he either was deceived or made
a mistake.

Sixth — That the United Labor League had no
right or authority to take up this dispute existing
betwen' the S. U. and the B. R. T., as it is con-
trary to their constitution. Section jo, and that
if they did, there was no evidence to warrant the
placing on the unfair list either B. R. T. as a
national organisation or any of its locals.

Seventh — The testimony before this committee
shows that at the time of the troubk April 4, 1906,
there were employed three members of the O. R.
C, and there are some of them employed there
today, also engineers and firemen and apparently
none of these organizations paid any attention to
this trouble.

The committee reports these facts with the ex-
hibits and calls your attention to your records.

April 8th, to place Monongahela Connecting offi-
cials on the unfair list, committee of three appoint-
ed to act with Hawley and Business Agent of S.
U. to secure hearing with Monongahela Connecting
officials. You first p!ace them on the unfair list and
then appoint a committee, asking for a hearing for
the Switchmen. George Churchill, representing
the Order of Railway Conductors, Frank E. Smith
and D. F. McCarthy from Painters. The commit-
tee to help secure a hearing for Switchmen with-
out giving any facts or testimony and without any
such authority make a written report April 22nd
(copy in evidence) in which they try to say some-
thing and wind up by misleading the League into
placing the B. R. T. on the unfair list, on May
18th, and the majority of this League believes now
as then that their action was on the report of
Churchill, Smith and McCarthy. In that report
they are afraid to name the officers or organiza-
tions they refer to and at the beginning they do
not themselves know whether the trouble on the
Monongahela Connecting road is a strike or a
lockout (see their report). May 13th S. U. No.
02 had eleven delegates present, six being admit-
ted at the opening of that meeting. If they had a
membership entitling them to that many delegates,
they would be required to have 861 members.
Churchill, as a member of the O. R. C, with-
drawn by order of their grand officers for his in-
terference in Monongahela Connecting road trou-
ble, and he comes in at same meeting as a Switch-
man.

The action of the League on April 8th in placing
the Monongahela Connecting road officials on the
unfair list, shows conclusively that those who
caused the hastv action of the League were very
careful not to place themselves in a position an-
tagonistic to th-? O. R. C, Brotherhood of En-
gineers or Firemen. If the strike was legal and
jtist the League would hav- been more justified in
placing the Monongahela Connecting road on the
unfair list, but those members who misled the
League, knew they dare n«t place the Mononga-
hela Connecting road on the tmfair list because

that would involve them with the 0« R. C en-
gineers and firemen.

Mr. Churchill and some others connected with
the Switchmen have said they knew what the re-
port of this committee would be even before we
heard either side. They are simply judging the
committee's action by their own weak case. They
know it will not stand a test of investigation.
They had no case at any time to justify the League
or any organization in placing on the unfair list
the B. R. T. as a national body, or any of its
local lodges. The most that could be expected of
the League, was to indorse their strike, if they
believed it legal and just, and that has not been
proven in the present case.

Mr. Hawley attended the convention of the
American Federation of Labor in November, l&OO,
and offered a resolution which was mild in com-
parison to the action of this League, and it was
cut out and toned down by striking out all refer-
ence to B. R. T. If the Switchmen have been
justified in any of their attacks on the B. R. T.
in Pittsburg, or at any other places where they
have shouldered their responsibility and disagree-
ments into central bodies, why did th»y not ask
the American Federation of Labor to take up their
cause by placing this national organization of
B. R. T. on the unfair list, and if they did ask
them, what was their reply?

The American Federation of Labor at Minne-
apolis, in adopting their resolution on page 176 of
their proceedings, tendered their services to the
Switchmen to bring about peace between them and
the B. R. T., and was voted down. This was done
no doubt on the suggestion antl advice of Mr.
Hawley. Judging the Federation by its record
and past actions, they would be very glad to have
the B. R. T. apply for a charter from them, and
with their large membership and revenues, their
request no doubt would be granted, even over the
protest of the Switchmen. The great danger and
hazardous work of all railroad men entitle them
to the highest of wages and best conditions, but
there is no trouble nor dispute between the
Switchmen and B. R. T. that can be settled by
any central body or any trade or national associa-
tion. It can be settled alone by the other organi- .
zations connected with the railroads, engineers,
firemen. Order of Railway Conductors and others.

The Committee recommend to this League:

First — That they promptly rescind their action
in placing the B. R. T. on the unfair list and that
they place them on the fair list and do all in their
power to rectify the error made and correct the
wrong done the Brotherhood of Railway Train-
men and their officers.

Second — That a copy of these resolutions be
sent to the locals of the B. R. T. in this district,
and also to their grand officers.

Third— That the members of the B. R. T. be re-
stored to a good standing and their delegates be
readmitted to the United Labor League.
Committee,

Simon Burns,
I. N. Ross,
Harviy Snow.

This report was adopted and recifnDncndatimf

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

concurred in, at a regular meeting of the United
l.alx)r League, held August 11, 1907.

Attested. John Fernau,

P. W. I. GiLFOVLB, President.

Recording Secretary.
(Seal.)

New York City.

While scanning "The Fireside" and "The
Brotherhood" letters from month to month in our
Journal. T note some very interesting statements

encourages an officer of the lodge more than a
good attendance at the meetings, for by attending
meetings, funerals, etc., you are lending your
moral support, which is expected of you at all
times.

Everyone has his hobby and usually lays great
stress on whatever he has uppermost in his
thoughts, and of course the reader will now be-
gin to ask of himself what my particular object
is. It is not in relation to poor attendance at
meetings, for I must confess that No. 598 is
noted for large attendance, as there is an aver-

COOLIE WATER CARRIERS WITH THEIR LEATHER BOTTLES, CALCUTTA. INDIA.

These are a fair sample of the latest additions to the laboring masses on the Pacific Coast. There has been
such a determined demand for their exclusion that attention must be given It by the next session of Congress. The
recent riots at Bellingham. Washington, against the Hindus, and the riots at Vancouver. B. C, against the Jasanese
and Chinese, show beyond question the feeling agairat all Asiatic cheap labor. The recent notice given by the
Mayor of Vancouver to the steamer Monteagle. arriving at Vancouver with 1 14 Japanese. 149 Chinese and 941
Hindus, that they would be unable to land, is another evidence that there will be no fanciful reasons allowed to Inter*
fere with the economic beliefs of the white people of the Dominion.

The cargo was taken to Victoria where the Asiatics were landed after much trouble with the white ^
From Stereography copyright 1903 by Underwood and Underwood^ New York,

from our literary members. I also notice that
the majority of letters refer to the fact that the
diflferent lodges are finding lots of work for their
"goat." I also notice they refer to "small at-
tendance" at meetings, funerals and other mat-
ters that the average members are expected to in-
terest themselves in. That appears to be charac-
teristic of all lodges and it is sometimes very dis-
couraging to the oflBcers. There is nothing that

age of from forty to sixty at every meeting of
our lodge and the attendance often numbers as
high as one hundred^ when there is nothing un-
usual going on. Our funerals as a general thing
are well attended, but what is beginning to in-
terest me is the question of how we are to con-
duct such a large business. We now number 434
members and the prospects are we will soon add
another 150 now that we take men in with six

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 903

months' experience. The Financier, Secreury Financier. Aside from the position of trust

and Collector have their hands full and as we all which he holds, he also conducts as large a cor-

work long hours here in the East, it now takes respondence as the Secretary; besides keeping an

every single spare minute of our time. Our Col- individual account with each member of the

lector has about $1,100 to collect each month, lodge, he has his "cash account" and "disburse-

and this he does while at work. No matter where ments" to attend to, as well as "checking up"

a member may find the Collector, no matter the the Collector on the first of each month, paying

condition of the weather, he is expected to drop bills and a thousand and one other things that

every thing and "do business," the same as if he the membership in general knows nothing about.

STREET CROUP OF KABULESE. INDIA.

These are types of the recent immigrants that came Into the United States by way of Canada.

The Hindu coolie regularly emptoyed makes from $1.50 to $3.00 a month. He subsists principally on curry a
compound made up of rice and vegetables. The houses are simple huts of mud. sun baked bricks and palm leaves,
thatched with long tough grass.— /^row Stereograph, copyrtght 1907 bv Underwood and Underwood, New York.

was in a cozy office. The Secretary after work- I have been at home since August 1st, just one

ing twelve hours a day goes home, and after he month, and would you believe it if I were to tell

"washes up" and gets his dinner, can take his you that I was never so busy in all my life? I

grist of mail and sit down and sort it out, have worked from morning until night every

and it is bed time before he realizes that he has single day, Sunday and all, since I have been

commenced his work. The same is true of the home. ^<~^ t

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We had a funeral the other day. I received to see that the remains are buried or removed to

the telegraphic notice of death Saturday night. I some distant location, and also to see that the

am expected to "do something" right away; at undertaker is paid and particularly to see that

least, it is put ''up to you," the next day, the you don't get yourself and your lodge in "the

day after, and the day of the funeral you have bole" financially.

your hands full, visiting the family and carrying As a general thing our membership, as large

out their wishes, ordering flowers, posting notices, as it is, has had very little experience in lodge

seeing the coroner, undertaker and beneficiary to matters; most of them have never worked any-

prove the claim. Sometimes there is no one to where else and consequently know very little of

bee, then you have a proposition on your hands how other large lodges conduct their affairs. We,

INDIAN COOLIES, SUPPLYING THE HAY MARKET FROM TEN MILES AROUND, SIMLA, INDIA.

The recent mobbing. In the United States, of Hindu coolies has drawn attention to this class of undeslrab'e im-
migrants. There is also « determine J effort being maJe against their admission to Western Canada which opens up
a very delicate question with the Home Government. The Hmdus are British subjects, but Canada British Africa
and Australia are opposed to their admission and, very likely will keep them out There are many thousands of them
In Natal, where they are strictly managed In South Africa they have been declared Ineligible for citizenship and
In certain parts of the country are quartered by themselves and forbidden to send their children to the puptic schools-
New Zealand Is especially opposed to them

The Mayor of Vancouver started a subscription list for the purpose of serding the recently arrived HInc'us to
Ottawa, the seat of the Federal Government. The Hindus employed at home In railroad service earn from $2.00 to
$4.00 a month.— /"Vow ittereogtapUt cvpyrxgkt 1903 Oy Unaerwood and Underwood^ tttw york.

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905

no doubt, will have to hold regular meetings at
least fotir times a month if business "keeps up."
I would appreciate very much any information
that lodges with a membership of about 500 or
more may send me, and I will submit it to our
lodge for consideration.

If a man had a little store and handled the
same amount of money that we do every month
he would have to hire help, pay rent, fuel, gas,
and a lot of expenses, but we are conducting this
enormous business evjery month without any real
understood system of doing business. It strikes
me that here in New York city with four lodges
within a radius of five miles, with a total mem-
bership of about sixteen hundred, we could have a
"headquarters'* somewhere in a convenient loca-
tion, furnish an office and put a man there to
conduct the business.

Any suggestions on the above lines will be
thankfully received by

Yours fraternally,

G. W. BOUGHTON.

Financier of 598.
138 E. 46th St., New York, N. Y.

The Home.

Summary.

O. R. C. Divisions $ 154.10

B. R. T. Lodges 267.80

B. L. E. Divisions 245.75

B. L. F. & E. Lodges 100.00

L. A. C. Divisions 88.40

L. A. T. Lodges 167.55

G. I. A. Divisions 61.50

L. S. to B. L. F. & E 62.00

James Costello, No. 270, O. R. C 1.00

Alfred S. Lunt, No. 456, B. R. T 1.00

W. M. Hulburd, No. 298, O. R. C l.Ot)

Proceeds of a picnic given at the Home

by No. 100, L. A. C 15.73

Rebate on freight 43.29

Grand Lodge, Indies' Auxiliary to the
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen at

6 cents per member 855. T'l

Total $-,»,074.87

Miscellaneous.
Twelve towels from No. 235, L. .\. T.
Respectfully submitted,

John O'Kbepe.
Sec. & Treas.

Highland Park, 111.. Sept. 2, 1907.
The following donations have been received at
the Home for the month of August:
B. R. T. Lodges.

56.
69.
82.
97.
111.

.$ 2.00
. 3.00
. 3.00
. 4.00
. 6.00

136 12.00

143 5.00

148 12.00

159 12.00

170 8.00

171 12.00

218 12.00

224 2.00

263 12.00

266 6.00

272 8.30

279 6.00

355 $25.00

368 6.00

376 5.00

461 2.00

474 6.00

483 16.00

499 6.00

601 1.00

608 2.00

669 16.00

663 ... .- 12.00

679 10.00

703 8.00

715 12.00

720 6.00

736 10.00

752 12.50

Total $267.80

L. A. T. Lodges.
3 $ 5.00 222 $ 6.00

14 2.00

24 6.00

51 5.00

65 33.66

66 6.00

105 2.00

109 6.60

115 5.00

121 2.00

145 10.00

198 1.00

213 6.00

231 5.00

261 1.00

262 1.00

263 1.00

272 11.50

281 2.00

289 10.00

800 5.00

822 5 00

832 8 00

836 26.00

370 2.00

Total $167.55

Setting Aside l^abor Day.

The following is the full text of the proclama-
tion issued by Gov. Vardaman in recognition of
Labor Day:

Jackson Miss., Aug. 31, 1907.

**It is the highest evidence of the best civiliza-
tion that the laws of our state should recognize
the dignity of labor and the nobility of honest,
intelligent toil. They are the foundation stones
upon which all enduring government rests, and it
is but meet and proper that we step aside from
the busy highway of life, spend one day in the
cool shades of reflection and consider the value
of the services rendered the world by the toilers;
and to give, also, expressions of gratitude for
their part in the maintenance of the most re-
markable civilization the world has ever known.
We should also remember that the only absolutely
free, independent and happy man is the man who
lives by the intelligent exercise of his own mind
and muscle — that the only man worthy of the re-
spect and love is the man who produces something.
It is the laborer who keeps the telegraph and tele,
phone lines in the air, the ships floating on every
sea, the cars running on the track, the wheels of
the factory revolving and the complex machinery
of our marvelous civilization moving in rhythmic
splendor in the onward march of events. The
laborer — the wealth producer — that marvelous
force that builds opulent empires, creates civiliza-
tion and feeds and clothes the world, is entitled
to our reverence and respect, and a much larger
share of the products of his own toil. He main-
tains the commerce of our country in times of
peace, fights its battles in times of war and writes
the laws of the land with his ballot. He is the
king of commerce as well as the ruler of the
realm.

"Now, therefore, I, James K. \'ardaman, gov-

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906 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ernor of the state of Mississippi, by virtue of the Let us face the crisis before it is too late. Greater
power vested in me, do hereby designate and set corporate bodies than the Brotlierbood of Railroad
apart Monday, the second day of September, Trainmen are calling for retrenchment and more
1907, as Labor Day, and do further appoint and scienUtic methods, and why shouldn't we?"
proclaim the same as a holiday within the sUte of j ^^^^ ^y ,^,^ emphatically yes! Our present
Mississippi, and do urge that it be observed by gygtcm is right and far superior to the one he
all the people of the state, wherever they may be proposes. John Smith, aged 21 years, is jost
or whatever their vocations. Let the observance starting out to enjoy the fruits that Thomas
of the day take such forms as will impress upon Brown, aged 70 years, has struggled for many
the people of the state the duty and great respon- y^ars to get for him, and Thomas Brown won't
sibilily of citiienship; let the implements of real Hy^ ^ jQ^ny years to enjoy them. Is this why
labor— the tokens of equality in the elements of ^^ should put additional burdens on his old shoul
manhood, equality of opportunity to the man who ^^^^ ^y raising his premium? This would be an
toils, to the man who reaps, be displayed, and let imposition and a sorry reward if it were true
this celebration inculcate the wholesome lessons ^h^t the young man were carrying some of the
of justice and equality of opiwrtunity in the race ^i^j jng^.g ^isk, but I find in the beneficiary as-
of life as the only hope of perpetuity of our form cessment notice, No. 340, printed in the Septem-
of govcrnincnt. ber Journal, that out of 110 claims, 80 are by

**In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my accident. By these figures it would appear
hand, and have caused the great seal of the state Thomas Brown is paying more and Jofin Smith
of Mississippi to be affixed. Done at the capitol ]f^ ^^3,^ j,,. should or in other words. Thomas
ill the city of Jackson, this 30th day of August, Brown is carrying part of John Smith's risk, in-
A. 1>., 1907. stead of vice versa, for it is an undispntable fact

"JAS. K. VARDAMAN, Governor." ,hat the young man is more liable to accident

"By the Governor: JOS. W. POWER, Sec- t^aj, u,^ qJ^ ^nd experienced one is. In answer
rctary of State." to the brother's second question, I must again

beg to differ from him and say that I cannot see

Milwaukee Wis. where it is wrong. William Jones, a passenger

^__ conductor, pays the same premium on a class B

In reading the September Jouinal I was much policy that James White, a freight brakeman,
attracted by an article from the pen of Brother does. It is true that the passenger conductor is
W. B. Porter, of Des Moines, Iowa, who would » better risk than the freight brakeman. This is
change our plan of assessment. In closing his where William Jones is strong and James White
article the brother says he would like to hear w weak. It is also true that there are hundreds
from us through the columns of the Jouenal in o^ freight brakemen to the one passenger con-
a fraternal spirit. While my views are just the ductor. This is where James Wliite is strong
opiwsite from that of Brother Porter's, I assure and William Jones is weak, but by their united
him that what I say comes with a fraternal spirit, efforts and our present system the passenger con-
and if anything that I may say appears to have doctor gets better wages and the freight brake-
a taint of sarcasm to it I will commence by "»«" K^ts better insurance. This reminds roe of
apologizing to the brother. an article I read in a magaxme not so many

He has asked our opinion on the following: months ago about a Miss Sophia Wright, of New

-Do you think our present system of insurance Orleans, La., a crippled little woman who won the
is right? John Smith, aged 21 years, pays the title of New Orleans' first citizen by her untiring
same premium on a Class C policy that Thomas efforts for her fellow citizens. One day there
Brown, aged 70, docs; yet the former's expect- ca»ne to Miss Wright a large, strong, able-bodied
ancy of life is far greater than the latter's. As young man who was stranded; he wanted her to
far as disability is concerned they would perhaps help him so he could take a civil service examina-
be considered equal, in similar occupations. Don't tion. Here was the two extremes. He was very
you know that John Smith is paying more than strong' physically and very weak mentally, while
he should and Thomas Brown less than he should? she was very weak physically and very strong
Or in other words, John Smithy is carrying part mentally. Both were very strong morally, 90 she
of Thomas Brown's risk. Again, William Jones, spent her evenings with him until he passed the
a passenger conductor, carries a Class B policy examination. What Miss Wright accomplished
and pays the same premium that James White, a for this young man we can accomplish for each
freight brakeman, does on a Class B policy, other by our present system. I would amend his
Can't you see that this is wrong? last proposition to ten thousand dollars if neces-

"I will propose that the Columbus convention sary with which to employ a competent actuary
appropriate two thousand dollars, if necessary, and necessary clerks to place us on a more aden-
with which to employ a competent actuary and tific basis, for we must be up to date; but I
necessary clerks, to find out where we are drift- would not change from what the brother terms
ing and to place us on a scientific basis, for it is our present unsystematic plan to the unbenevo-
certainly patent to all that we must get away from lent and unfraternal one that he proposes. Broth-
our present unsystematic plan or soon become in- ers, we must develop three-fold, physically, men
solvent. tally and morally. By physically, I mean strength

"Now, brothers, let us hear from you through in numbers; by mentally, I mean to be up-to-date
the columns of the Journal in a fraternal spirit, in our business and insurance plans, and by

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 007

morally, I mean a more brotherly and fraternal avail if men still continue their insatiable, self

feeling to one another, that wc may be known by aggrandizing egotism? Are these endeavors not

what tlie President o^ these United States terms like unto those of the man that built his house

a "square deal to all." They say to us young upon the sand? And will we not eventually drift

men, your Order makes you at 21 years pay the upon that inevitable rock of destruction where all

same as the man at 46 years. This is a charge the ancient civilizations of accumulated wealth

that I as a railroad trainman feel proud in not have perished?

being able to deny, for we arc not developed men- jij^ dawning of the twentieth century never

tally alone like some captains of industry, who ^q^ij have known nor would it have needed the

think nothing of crushing out a co-worker and ^[^y^xy organizations of the laboring classes had

competitor. it not been for the arbitrary despotism of a few

1 am yours in B., S. & I., malevolent financial despots. But the laboring

H. R. McLoGAN. ^jj„ ^yjj never lose sight of the fact that he is

Journal Agent, No. 101. subject to the same laws and temptations as his

financial superiors, and the moral laws which

govern this universe know no classes. Will men

Montana. go on struggling like maniacs to build up organi-

zations only to pollute them with enervating

1 have noticed from time to time what other ^^^^ ^^^ impetuous self-aggrandizement; and

state legislative boards have secured and I thought ^^^^ ^^^ ^j^^^ .^ pcssimUm when the boat of or-

that some of the other members of our board would g^nj^tio^ drifts on to the rock of practical moral

advise you. of what we have secured out in this j^^ ^^^ perishes? Have all the years of human

wild and woolly west. (The wild and woolly is endeavor and failure been of no practical benefit

a thing of the past.) Well, two years ago ^^ ^^ ^^ Are we going to perish on the same

secured one of the best fellow servant laws in ^^^^ ^^^ ancestors did with their farcical civili-

the United States. Last winter we secured the ^g^j^^gp

sixteen hour law and the abolishment of the din- . . •,. *u u • j- -j »i

, . . a .. xi^,.,^K-. i„* As all organizations are built through individual

key or box car caboose, effective November 1st, . „ .. • u .u \ • j- -j i

' _. , * • . i„«: « c^ nf endeavor, so shall they perish through individual

1907. The law is very strict, placing a fine ot • -r • • . t. • i .u i.

L '^ . «■ n- .u \v ,«;^- J., tum. corruption. Justice is a cruel being to those who

$500 for each offense. To the companies in the , .. ^ . . ^. f • u*

* ^ .. . ^ .. xL^ «,.. f«, a are recalcitrant and her sting of righteousness

state that use or attempt to use a box car for a * . . * .

; LI .1. * u-..„ -:«!,* .«»,— 1« knoweth no bounds. Fairness must be the prin-

caboose the law says they must have eight wheels, /.nit. • *• . i n

- , , ' . . ,,t . „„j ciple of all labor organizations not only collec-

two pa rs of trucks, grab irons, platforms and ,.*•.'.,..,,, ^, , , ' . ,

, , . . , .. ,„, „, TLr«„*,r.« tively but individually or they, too, shall pensh.

cupolas, and the trainmen of the state of Montana _.,,,,. . . / \t. - j *• i- .

, . ^ f *-^ J 4 T> ^»u^. «■;*.„;« «f Like all other mighty powers, their destiny lies

owe a debt of gratitude to Brother Kirwin, of . r iL • j- -j i j -r *i- • j-

^T ./.r 1- 41. V t i-u^ TT^...^ ^t »n the hands of the individual and if their dis-

No. 405, who was the member of the House ot . . . r . • •

_ ,. .u .. • 4 J J .u wii ««^ <>•. pensations to men are not just, their fate is as m-

Representatives that introduced the bill and se- »^ .. r . * ^u j *• . . a

, . T- . ^11 ..« evitable as the fate of the despotic trust and

cured its passage. Fraternally yours, n j • u- . *u

jT A Lloyd names will go down in history as another

failure of men who built a house upon the sand.
K. L. Bloom,
Member No. 58.

Legislative Representative No. 213.

Organization Must Be Justification.

Ever since the day man inhabited this earth. RcjUVenation Of ElmO LodgC,

he seems to have never been able to comprehend No. 675.

that justice is the only power that builds and

maintains all organizations among men. He seems During the past two months, through the active

to have gone mad with a wild and fantastic idea efforts of the officers and members of this lodge,

that the accumulation of wealth is necessary in it has assumed a very prosperous appearance,

the upbuilding of an enduring organization. Every member was appointed a committee of one

Why men were bom imbibed with this halluci- to look after "non-airs" and "-bad orders" and

nation is a mystery. But considering that this so successful were their efforts that they now have

world is one of practical facts, and not a world about 90 per cent of the eligibles on this system

of fantastical mythologies as our ancient ances* and it is their intention to "keep a-goin' ** until

tors thought, it does seem strange that men are so the entire number are members in good standing,

slow to awaken to the fact that gold and silver On August 26, with special dispensation from

never were and never will be the fundamental the Grand Lodge, the charter accompanied by 21

essentials to the upbuilding of an enduring organic officers and members was moved for the day to

zation among men. West Frankfort for the purpose of conferring the

Preachers may preach their doctrine and law- initiatory degree upon twelve recruits stationed at

ycrs of great fame and learning may exhibit their West Frankfort.

talents, millionaire philanthropists build libraries Prior to the departure of the members to West

and schools and colleges, and all the world turn Frankfort, they met Brother Eugene B. Wright,

out to eulogize and heap encomiums on the heads of Lodge No. 706, East St. Louis, State Safety

of these benefactors of the proletariat, but what Appliance Inspector, who was here on his regular

will all this demonstration of money and talent inspection tour and an invitation^ was extended

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

to him 10 attend the exercises at West Frankfort,
which he accepted.

On the arrival of the train at West Frankfort,
the visiting members were met by a reception
committee with fifteen eligible candidates.

After the meeting was opened. Secretary S. T.
Alexander introduced to the lodge Brother Eu-
gene Wright. Master Kramer of this lodge ten-
dered the chair to Brother Wright who, after ac-
cepting, made a most interesting talk and in con-
ferring the secret work taught old members of
075 lessons that they had never learned.

S. T. Albxandbr,
Secretary Lodge No. 675.

pense, and its work is very highly commended by
all of the members of our lodge.

Lodge No. 13« is taking in members at every
meeting, and we are almost positive that there will
be more than live hundred members on the rolls
before the close of this year.
Fraternally yours,

H. B. Koch.

Altoona, Pa.

On Labor Day, Monday September 2, 1907, the
labor organizations of Altoona, Pa., turned out to
celebrate Labor Day in a befitting manner. In
line of parade among all the other unions there
was Uniform Rank No. 1 of Lodge No. 174, B.
R. T., visiting brothers from Lodges Nos. 453,
459, 490, 63, 160, 113, 42, 226, 408, 498, 439, 682,
43, 159, 386 and B. R. T. members of Lodge No.
174, the Boys' Brigade B. of R. T., 600 strong,
and L. A. to B. R. T. and L. A. to O. R. T. on
floats. We had a very nice parade of union men.
But wc were handicapped on account of so many
of our members having to work on that day. In
the afternoon we went to Lakcmont Park where
our body was holding a picnic, and we ar^ proud
to say we had the largest crowd of people seen
at this famous resort this season, and all went
away well pleased with the good time they had.
There was a prize of $25 offered by the Golden
Eagle Clothing Co. for the best appearing company
in line which was awarded to Uniform Rank No.
1, B. of R. T. Lodge No. 174.

Fraternally yours,

T. J. Forbes,
Master Lodge No. 174.

Shop Talk.

Said the Engine, "I drink only water, and still

I could get on a toot if required.
I can tender my own resignation at will;

But I never can go till I*m fired.

"I get hot when I'm coaled; but I never can
shirk.

Nor be switched from my purpose so active.
I rail not at fate; but I puff my own work

And es-steam it as something at-track-tive.

"I have only one eye, which may seem rather
queer,

Till you think, if you haven't already.
That Engines like I am have only one car —

The Engineer sober and steady.

"My train rushes on like an arrow, swift sped.
Till I put on my brakes and I slack her.

I 'chew, chew' whenever I coax her ahead
And, likewise, I *chew, chew* to back 'er."

— Nixon Waterman,

Ft. Wayne, Ind.

On the first of September, Lodge No. 136 had
four hundred and seventy-five members.

On August 18lh, the lodge opened up its room
at St. Joseph's Hospital. This room is intended
for the sole use of the members of the lodge, and
is the first of its kind prepared by any labor or-
ganization in the State of Indiana. The room
is completely furnished in every sense, and the
sisters will not have to furnish anything to take
care of the inmates. Each piece of linen is mark-
ed *'B. R. T. 130." The furniture is quarter-
sawed golden oak, and the chairs and couches are
of the very best leather covered.

The prominent physicians and surgeons say that
it is the most up-to-date room in the city. The
committee in charge spared neither time nor ex-

Apipilulco, Mexico.

Here I am way down in Old Mexico and the
JoutNAL with me. If every brother would appre-
ciate the Journal as I do and try to master its
contents, how proud we would be. Can it be
because I am in Mexico and have plenty of time?
Well, that may help some, but then I v/ish to
state that we should all take time and derive
what benefits we can from the champion of our
cause, the Journal. In all my travels in Mexico
as yet I have not met a brother, so you can draw
your conclusions as to my joy in receiving the
Journal. Of course I hear from my lodge.
Western Shore, No. 71, and we are taking in
from three to nine candidates and even have to
have special meetings. How grand our cause is,
and we brothers should talk Brotherhood to our
fellow-men, providing they are eligible; if not,
shun them, and they will get in the clear. I
expect to be back in the states soon and you
won't be able to keep me away from the meeting
with a forty- foot pole.

I remain in B., S., I.,

Carlos V. Emparau.
Apipilulco, Mexico.

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EDITORIAIv

Vol. XXIV.

No. 10

Our Strength And Weakness.

Workmen receive wages, but not all of
them know how their present rates were
secured. Men who work under regular
standard rates, arranged and fixed by their
labor organizations, appreciate to some ex-
tent the part the organization has done,
but even the majority do not fully under-
stand how much they owe to their organi-
zation because the work has been years in
reaching its present standing and that of
each generation is forgotten by the next.

There has never been a revolution in
work or wages with permanent results for
good. There have been numerous attempts
to bring off something of the kind, but
they always failed for natural reasons.

When men are able to assure themselves
of a certain standard of living they are sat-
isfied to let well enough alone until they
learn a higher standard. All ideas of what
fair living means do not agree; failure of
concerted opinion and performance are cer-
tain to clog progress. But as men learn
of better things and enough of them are
ready to make sacrifices to get them, the
venture is undertaken and as a rule it is
wholly or partly successful. This is the
history of progress. It is not a story of
leaps and bounds toward any given point.
It is the slow, plodding, ever grinding
method that holds its strength according
to the demands of the mass, for economic
changes come slowly and only at the de-
mand of the great majority.

We can run back over the past twenty-
four years of our Brotherhood and in it

we can see many changes without going
very far below the surface of things. How
many of our members, or how many men
in the service today, realize the great differ-
ence in conditions as a whole? It is safe
to say, not ten per cent of them.

How many of our members know that
when this Brotherhood was organized that
the wages of train brakemen and yardmen
were less than $2.00 a day? The wages of
a train man on the D. & H., where the
Brotherhood was born, were $1.66 a day,
no limit as to hours and no rights of any
kind? How many of our brothers know
that the average wages then for train men
in the East were below $2.00 a day? The
prevailing rate ran from $1.62 J^ for a day's
work of unlimited hours to as high as $2.00
a day for close to 200 miles with no limit
as to hours.

Low wages were not peculiar to the
East, for we know that on the best of the
roads running out of Chicago the rate was
$38.00 a month for the first year and $42.00
the ?econd year for freight brakemen, and
the rate for yard service was but little
higher, ranging its highest at Chicago and
varying elsewhere. These wages covered
all time made, with but few exceptions
and when anything was given for extra
time it was a gratuity and because of the
good nature of some one.

How many of the old timers can tell
you of their disappointment at being called
to go out with a new conductor who had
never broke a day on their road and per-

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RAILROAD TRAIXMRX'S JOURNAL.

haps on no other? Every one of them can
easily recall a story of broken hopes be-
cause a favorite of some one in power
had been placed on runs that belonged to
them by right of service. How many were
"fired" without cause?

The young man in the service does not
know, and he cannot appreciate, the debt
he owes to the men who changed condi-
tions and made them what they are. They
are not ideal, but even at that they serve
well to demonstrate what the Brotherhood
has done as far as it has gone.

Every man knows the rules for his pro-
tection, he knows how many hours he
works and he knows what he gets. He
knows that all things being equal he has
his right to promotion and that it will not
be challenged to make room for a favorite.
He knows that if he is imposed upon that
there is some protection for him and he
also knows that when death or disability
overtakes him he is provided for to some
degree.

Every man ought to know that until the
Brotherhood came into the field that there
was no improvement for the conditions of
train or yard men. He ought to realize
that if it had not been for the Brother-
hood that the wages of railroad work
would be like the pay of other -classes of
labor that have not advanced for the past
twenty years. He ought to know that there
never was an employer in the railroad busi-
ness who voluntarily raised wages no mat-
ter what has been said regarding it.

H all the advantages came of themselves,
as some of the men assert they have, why

did they not come before there was an
organization and why was it that before
the days of the Brotherhood comparative
wages of train and yard men were so much
lower than those of the other employes?

The present conditions are the result of
the work of the Brotherhood. The steady
old timers who carried the banner of the
Brotherhood twenty years, and more, ago
paved the way for the conditions we now
have and the other men who have taken
up the work where they left off have con-
tributed their full share toward the grad-
ual betterment of wages and conditions.
It has been a progressive work, a steady
work, sometimes discouraging, too. It has
called for many sacrifices, but they have
been cheerfully given and as the result we
have better wages and working conditions
than we ever had.

But, this work must go on and it is up to
our members of today to take up the burden
of progress and carry it forward so that
there shall be no page in our organization
story that tells of even a day of retrogres-
sion. Every man has his part to do; on
his weakness rests our strength, for if he
is weak, so are we all weak. Our founda-
tion is the test of our strength and each
man is a part of that foundation. Our
need is for men who realize and accept
their responsibility in the labor movement
as it applies particularly to our Brother-
hood. An element of weakness with us is
the non-member. Will every member of
this Brotherhood do his work by trying to
have every eligible man in the service be-
come a working part of the organization?

The Manufacturers' Association Plays Baby,

The million dollar educational fund that
was proposed by the Manufacturers' Asso-
ciation for the enlightenment of the public
in its relation to the trades unions is being
spent, unless we are greatly in error,
in just the way we thought it would.

Mr. Van Cleve has brought suit in the
Supreme Court o^ the District of Colum-
bia to secure an injunction against the use

of the boycott and the unfair list and the
*'we don't patronize" list of the American
Federation of Labor. Nothing has been
started in a long time that pronuses to do
so much in the way of showing up the in-
consistent position of the Association as
the suit to deny the workmen in labor or-
ganizations the same rights their employ-
ers exercise in business.

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Oil

It is an open secret that there are but
few large employers of labor who do not
work in conjunction with detective agen-
cies and the blacklist and go behind the
new employe's previous record before en-
gaging him permanently. The personal rec-
ord is a form of employers' boycott and the
black list is the most effective "we don't
patronize" affair that can be devised.

There are detective agencies in every
city in this country. They have their men
planted in every shop, mine and factory, on
every railroad system and in every branch
of business. No employe regardless of his
position dare hope to be free from the spy-
ing of others who want an inside record
of his doings as an employe and as a citi-
zen. The man higher up does not need to
fear so much as the other who works un-
der his direction. The spy system, the
personal record and the black list are ac-
cepted as a part of the right of every em-
ployer. He feels he has a right to say who
he shall employ, for "is not his business
run by his money, does he not furnish work
to men who without it would starve? does
he not stand for the independence of his
employes?" All that sort of argument is
offered when he is requested to be half
decent and give his men a chance to live.
All this and more the employer demands
as his right, but if the employe takes it as
hit right to advise his fellows of the en-
mity of an employer and asks them not to
spend their money on his goods the case is
different. He demands the protection of
the law, or as dose to it as the employer
usually gets by way of the injunction. He
says, in effect, that his rights are superior
to those of the workmen because he has a
right to deny employment to any man
whose previous record does not meet with
his approval. He can blacklist him on the
information furnished by any one, but he
insists that his workman is not doing the
right thing when he advises his fellows that
the previous record of the employer is
against him and his goods are produced
under unfair working conditions.

Why is it not right to say to the world
that a certain product is manufactured at
lower wages and under other inferior con-
ditions and to ask in the name of the com-
mon good that all refuse to purchase such

goods? The result, if effective, would be
the same as a strike, that is, labor condi-
tions would be improved and that fact es-
tablished before there would be a market
for the product.

The fair employer has no reason to ob-
ject to the unfair list; it is the other who
not only takes advantage of his workmen
but of all of his associates in business who
do employ their labor on fair terms.

It is the unfair employer who is always
responsible for industrial trouble. All busi-
ness on the same comparative basis of cost
leaves every producer on the same com-
mon ground. But getting a lower basis of
cost gives the advantage to the unfair pro-
ducer that is called "illegal" when applied
to railroad rates.

The injunction, asked for, offers the
usual reasons for asking such extraordi-
nary relief and modestly requests for nine
different kinds of it. Summed up in gen-
eral terms it means that "nobody, no where
and no how" dares to open his face against
the Buck's Stove and Range Company of
St. Louis, which is the complainant.

There is, of course, a lot of open sympa-
thy for the Association that stands so
nobly for "personal liberty" for the work-
man. It is a part of the program to give
it to him in small doses, first by compelling
him to work for whatever wages the em-
ployers grant and then to force him to keep
quiet when the terms arc unfair. There is
a certain brand of press sanction for the
court proceedings, but that is not out of
the ordinary.

The New York Journal of Commerce is
one of the kind that sees only one side of
the question, the employers' of course, as
a matter of duty and business. It said, in
part:

"About the character of all boycotting of
the kind there can be no two opinions
among a civilized people. Its purpose and
intent is to ruin the business of an employ-
er who does not submit to the authority of
the labor union in its employment of men
and the terms of such employment, though
it has no difficulty in securing such labor
as it wants on terms mutually agreed upon
and mutually satisfactory to employer and
employed. It is to be punished for exer-
cising its freedom and permitting those who
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912 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

work for it to exercise their freedom under any of them, but even it does not agree
that equality of rights which our laws are that the boycott is right It says that both
supposed to guarantee and to protect. In the boycott and blacklist are unfair, but it
the attempt to injure the business of one adds that the employers are more criminal
concern as a means of coercion and of in- and cowardly than the unions. In part it
timidation for other employers, there is said:

incidental injury done to many others. Few "a workingman who conspires to keep
persons buy directly from a large manufac- his money and that of his friends away
turing esteblishment. and the boycott has from a certain firm is only depriving the
to be directed against dealers in the goods, fi^m of part of its profits. Whereas when
and their business is thereby interfered with a body of manufacturers get together to
to their injury. Their liberty of purchasing blacklist a workingman they conspire to de-
where they can do so to the best advantage prive him of a living and to make him a
\s restricted, and the rights of consumers criminal. The manufacturer who helps to
to a free and untrammeled market are im- get up a black list of workingmen talks like
paired. The wrong done is in fact varied a fool when he asks for an injunction to
and widespread." prevent workingmen getting up a blacklist

It perhaps has never occurred to the one of manufacturers. And the manufacturer
who wrote that denunciation of the boycott who unites in an association to blacklist
that it is precisely the same thing the em- and boycott all labor unions talks very
ploycr uses to deny men the right to work, much like a fool and a cry-baby to boot
The black list is exchangeable between em- when he tries to prevent workingmen from
ployers and what with their exchange rec- boycotting him."

ords, references demanded and secret ser- The Manufacturers' Association stands
vice agencies, the blacklist is calculated to convicted of demanding something it de-
make men criminals because all avenues of nies in its business. The blacklist and the
employment are closed to them, and they trade agreement between ''gentlemen" are
must live somehow. used to whip every dealer into line and if

The argument of the Journal of Com- he stands up for his "personal liberty" he
merce is so weak that it is surprising it finds all wholesale doors closed to him. He
ever was published. The other side of the is boycotted, blacklisted and put on the un-
"wrong done" can be followed through fair list all at one time. The methods com-
every branch of trade. Neither the re- plained of by the Association are exactly
taller nor the consumer need suffer be- the same kind as are used by the trusts
cause a certain make of goods is placed to compel dealers to purchase the products
on the unfair list, for there ought to be offered under penalty of being forced out
other manufacturers who could supply the of business.

demands and who would do so if the un- Let the campaign of education proceed,
fair producer did not beat the wage rate Put the public next to the unfair demands
and the market price that must be set by and practices of the labor organizations
the employers who pay a fair rate of and when the time comes that the unions
^^^^^- cannot offset every charge by showing an-

It is a case of sweat shop against the other situation worse in every sense on
fair, well managed concern that believes the other side of the controversy we will
there is a living for all in the business. come across right gracefully and admit it.
There are very few who will rise to de- This campaign of education is surely glori-
fend the boycott. It is something of a tra- ous stuff and the million dollars will be
dition that fair play ought to prevail in all well placed if it continues as it has begun,
of our relations with each other. It is a We have gained ground rapidly thus far.
tradition, that is all, for the fair play idea is We have had one lesson on "personal lib-
dead in practice. erty" for the boy by forcing him to learn

The New York Jouirnal gets as close to a trade during his school days; we have
the workingmen's side of the question as "A Crown of Glory" promised for the "in-
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL, 913

dependent workman who will not lay down junction against the unfair list by the men
his liberty to the tyranny of labor organi- who manage the blacklist. This is going
zations" and we have a demand for an in- some.

The United Labor League Makes Amends.

In the Brotherhood correspondence, there nity to look over the situation, at their leis-

will be found a full transcript of the pro- ure, and they reached the conclusion that

ceedir.gs of the special committee that was the League acted unwisely and unfairly in

appointed by the United Labor League of placing the Brotherhood on the unfair list.

Western Pennsylvania, the headquarters of A number of the members decided that an-

which are at Pittsburg, Pa. other investigation was necessary to insure

It will be remembered by the readers of fair judgment. Accordingly a committee

the Journal that in April, 1906, there was was appointed, and both sides were re-

an illegal strike on the part of a few switch- quested to come before it. This they did,

men employed on the Monongahela Con- and the Switchmen failed to prove a single

necting Railroad, and which the Switch- charge made against the Brotherhood. They

men's Union endeavored to turn into a legal then asked for permission to bring Grand

strike. Master Hawley before the committee, and

The membership of the Switchmen's it was willingly granted, but at the time

Union was very much in the minority, a appointed, the Switchmen's committee failed

large majority of the men declined to have to materialize.

anything to do with the movement, and it At the hearing, the evidence submitted

fell through ithin a day or so. In order by the Switchmen was so lacking in proof as

to make its membership satisfied with the to the charges, and so filled with proof of

result of the fiasco, the Switchmen's Union their own mismanagement and falsehood,

endeavored to place the blame on the that the committee decided the Switchmen

Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. had been guilty of violating their own laws,

It represented that the B. R. T. was send- and of unfair practices toward their own

ing men to Pittsburg by the carload to take members in asking them to leave the service

the places of the men who had left the because men —ere dismissed on account of

service. Only 34 quit. It also tried to make failure to properly perform their duties,

it appear that men were dismissed because The evidence of the Brotherhood was con-

of their membership in '*■ : 2 ./itchmen's elusive, and without flaw, and was-a reitera-

Union. The further eflfort was made to tion of the statements made when the case

have the labor organizations of Pittsburg was before the League last May.*
imderstand that the B. R. T. was responsi- After the League made its decision, given

ble for the loss of the strike. it over its seal, and signed by the proper

The League represents a number of the officers, the members of the Switchmen's

trades associations centering in Pittsburg, Union attempted to prejudice opinion by

and the Switchmen and Trainmen both had claiming that they were not permitted to be

representatives in that body. The matter present at the meeting at which the report

was taken to the League, and charges pre- of the committee was accepted,
ferred against the Trainmen by the Switch- ^^ order to set this question at rest, the

men. A very unfair and farcical trial fol- Journal publishes herewith a letter from

lowed, and without deciding the question the United Labor League, in which its posi-

on its merits, the League promptly placed tion is set forth over seal, and properly

the B. R. T. on the unfair list. signed by its President and Secretary. The

Since that time, the right-thinking mem- letter herewith follows:
bers of the League have had an opportu- *See report of Committee, page 897,

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014* RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Pittsburg, Pa., August iOth, 1007. number present on July 28tli, being al>uut

To IVIwm It May Concern: 40 or 50.

At a regular meeting of the United Labor After this meeting of the League, llic

League of Western Pennsylvania, held on officers decided to confine the next meeting

the 25th instant, the following statement of entirely to regular accredited delegates, and

facts was authorized, in order to prevent interference, trouble and

This is to certify that the untrue and disorder, made arrangements with the prop-
misleading statement circulated by members er city official to have several police officers
of the Switchmen's Union of North America, in citizens' clothes present, outside of the
that they were denied a hearing by the Uni- meeting hall, to maintain order,
ted Labor League of Western Pennsylvania, ^,j ^j^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ delegates, with mem-
in the dispute between their Union and the jj^rship cards were admitted, as well as
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, caused ^y^^^^ delegates who failed to bring their
by the trouble on the Monongahela Con- ^.^^.^j^ ^^ ^^-^^^ vouched for by the Financial
necting Railroad, in April, 1906, is untrue Secretary of the League. The Switchmen
in every particular, and unworthy of consid- ^^^^ entitled, and had three accredited dele-
eration of any person who desires to know ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ presented his card, and
the truth. he was admitted, namely, J. A. Welsh, who

The facts in the case are, that in April, took part in. and remained until the meet-

1906, when this trouble arose, the Switch- jng adjourned, at nearly 11 o'clock p. m.
men's Union had two delegates representing ^^ ^j^j^ meeting, the Switchmen again

* them in the League, on May 13th, 1906, ^^j^^j ^^ ^^^ control of the meeting by send-
their delegation was increased to twelve, ing !„ credentials for a number of new dele-
as against one delegate from the B. R. T., ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^j^j^,, ^^re not acted on for the
and with these odds a resolution was rushed j.^^^^^ ^y^^^ ^j,^ League was in executive
through, placing the B. R. T. on the unfair session. The Switchmen have failed to
^'s^' prove any case against the B. R. T., and
In January, 1907, they had but three dele- are now resorting to abuse, vilification and
gates in the League, and the same number misrepresenting all who disagreed with
in July and August, of this year. They them. The B. R. T. had nothing to do with
were accorded a hearing by the committee the recent actions of the League, except
having in charge the re-opening of the case the presenting of their case before the com-
for further investigation, on July 25th, mittee, which they did in an orderly and

1907, and agreed to attend the meeting on gentlemanly manner, and none of their offi-
the following evening, and have with them cers or members attended any meetings of
Mr. F. T. Hawley, General President of the League from May 13th, 1906, until Au-
their Union, but failed to do so, or give any gust 25th, 1907, and are in no way respon-
reason for failure to attend this meeting. sible for what the League has done.

At the League meeting on July 28th, their This explanation and denial is made by

regular accredited delegates also failed to order of the League to prevent organized

appear, but several individuals without ere- labor in particular, and the public in gen-

dentials appeared to represent them, and be- eral from being misled, by misrepresenta-

fore anything was done, the President of tions emanating from any source, and plac-

the League had occasion to go to his office jng the United Labor League, as well as the

on the floor below, and found the ante- Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen in the

room, stairway and hallways filled with in the proper light before all fair-minded

Switchmen, who were not delegates, de- persons.

manding admission to the meeting. The . ^,T,..r,

League then and there adjourned, after , Issued by authority of the United Labor

which the entire crowd entered the hall. ^^^8^^ °^ ^^^^^^^ Pennsylvania.

D. A. Harshburger, General Third Vice Attest, John Fernau,

President of the S. U., informed the League President,

that there were more Switchmen within P. W. L Gilfoyle,

call, who would be here if necessary. The (Seal) Secretary.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 915

The Journal does not propose to go any of the same indiscretion ; that is, of placing

ftithct; into this discussion. It was taken up the 6. of R. T. on the unfair list, but after-

cxhaustively at the time it occurred, and if wards made honorable amends when the

the statements made when the matter was real situation was understood. .

up for discussion last year, are compared We have no fear that any fair organiza-

with the report of the committee repre- tion can honestly criticize the performances

senting the League, it will be found that of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen,

they are excactly the same. The Journal and while uncalled for action on the part

made no mis-statements at the time. It told of labor bodies may have caused us annoy-

the truth concerning the matter, and the ance and embarrassment at times, we have

report of the committee fully substantiated no fear whatever when the facts are

everything that was said. brought to bear but what the position of the

The action of the League in Pittsburg is Brotherhood will be commended, as it has
in keeping with that of the trades council been in the Monongahela Connecting cou-
nt Denison, Texas, which was also guilty troversy.

Asiatics Must Be Excluded.

The Asiatic on the Pacific Coast is no year a tramp steamer loaded up twelve huu-
longer a cheap labor problem, he is an in- dred of them at Honolulu and took them to
dustrial problem ready and anxious to con- British Columbia. As they did not come
trol every industry into which he enters, direct from Japan but from an American
This statement applies particularly to the possession there was nothing to do but ad-
Japanese but, unless something is done to mit them. The labor interests protested and
stop the coming of the Hindus, the situation at this time the agitation i^ on for their ex-
wiJl be added to because they have started elusion.

to invade the Coast States and they are Just now the agitation against Japan has

capable of performing any service, once they lost its warlike aspect The same situation

are taught ; they are cheaper livers than the remains, however, and it will remain as a

Japanese ; they are susceptible to danger- menace to the peace of this country so long

ous and contagious diseases, and in every as it is tolerated. Japan has made herself

sense present a menace to the conditions of believe she has a grievance against the Uni-

work and wages not only to the Coast ted States and if the Government could find

Stales, but to all of our people. the backing necessary to start a war there

The Pacific coast is divided on this ques- is no question but that it would be started,

tion for the business men of Washington and for no other reason than the attempt

and Oregon cannot say too much for the to secure a foothold on the West Coast and

Asiatics while Californians and the peo- the trade advantages it would bring,
pie of British Columbia are determinedly Chinese immigration has been forgotten

opposed to them, in the newer problems that have arisen in

The working men of Bellingham, Wash- the past few years. We are even now in the
ington, who had been displaced by Hindus, embarrassing position of falling between an
started against them on September 5th, and Administration promise to do certain things
tried to drive them back to Canada. It was in the way of restriction and Japanese de-
no race enmity that led the riot. It was a termination that it shall not be done,
protest against losing the chance to work Those who make themselves believe the
for a chance to live. entire question is one that applies to the

Several years ago the British Government Pacific Coast alone might better understand

was brought to make objections to the Jap- that it is a national issue affecting the work,

anese Government and immigration was re- wages and living of every man, woman and

strictcd from Japan to Canada direct. Last child in this country.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

This country had a spasm of love for the
little brown man when he buckled into Rus-
sia and was scared to death that he would
be eaten alive. It overlooked the fact that
Russia was divided from top to bottom, that
its rulers were corrupt and that thievery
ran rampant making its work ineffective
and success impossible. It overlooked the
fact that civilization was pitted against hea-
then fanaticism which welcomed death in
ihc service of the Mikado as the straight
road to eternal Paradise. This nation could
not mind its own business and it will have
to pay the debt that every busybody has to
pay sooner or later.

But it matters not now so much what is
responsible or what we have as what must
be done to get rid of it. It is a delicate ques-
tion and one that must be handled with
care, backed up by all the strength that can
be gathered for the occasion.

The objection to the Asiatics is no mere
question of race or color. It is the deter-
mined demand that white men have a right
to live as they understand living, not as the
Asiatics understand it. There may be white
men who can live as the Japs and Hindus
do, but we have not yet met them and do
not want to.

California has suffered more than any
other State and the Japs have been there in
number only seven years, yet, in that time,
they have gained control of several prosper-
ous farming communities, among them Va-
caville, noted for its dried fruits, and Florin,
the centre of Winter strawberry culture.
Their people are getting farms in the coun-
try and buildings in the cities and the only
redeeming feature of the situation is that
the Japanese are organizing Japanese labor
unions and are working for higher wages.
They are also working for the dismissal of
white workmen when they can make their
demand good.

To illustrate, we publish a press dispatch
under date of August 30th, 1907, as follows :

Vacaville, Cal., Aug. 30. — Vacaville is
within a short ride of San Francisco, yet
you could easier imagine yourself in a sub-
urb of Tokyo.

Opponents of Japanese exclusion find Va-
caville extremely interesting, as it has
reached a more advanced state of Japan-
ization than any other town in the United

States. Ninety per cent of the people met
walking or driving about Vacaville are Jap-
anese.

Fifteen years ago the Japanese began
quietly gathering in this beautiful valley,
made up of California's most fertile fruit
farms.

Today the Japanese control everything.
They are as much a power in this valley as
they are in the land of the Mikado.

Vacaville has 1200 inhabitants, the ma-
jority of whom are Japanese. Extensive
laundries, large general merchandise stores
and employment agencies elbow each other
at every turn in Japtown. There are six
billiard saloons, ice cream parlors and the
ubiquitous Japanese bank.

Japtown — it is in the center of Vacaville
— is built in true oriental style. The rooms
are tiny and dingy. One building contains
26 rooms and houses 26 families. All the
members except the very small children
work in the fruit fields and live, eat and
sleep in the same room.

The postoffice does a money order busi-
ness approximating $80,000 a year, 75 per
cent of which goes to Japan. A local bank
paid $40,000 to Japanese laborers in two
weeks. Most of it went to Japan to enable
uncles and brothers and cousins to make
the trip to America.

"What wages are paid the Japanese fruit
picker?" was asked of one of the few
American ranchers near Vacaville.

"We now have to pay from $1.50 to $1.75
per day," was the answer. "Five or six
years ago they were willing to work for
$12 a month and find their own food.

**The Japs run the valley now, however.
One rancher was employing 500 Japanese
fruit pickers. One morning they refused to
go to tvork unless the few remaining white
fruit pickers were discharged,

"The rancher had to let the white help
go. The fruit was ripe and if it hadn't
been picked at once would have rotted on
the trees,"

Mr. White Man, does this look good to
you? And you, Mr. Railroad Man, bear in
mind they tried Japs as brakemen during
the Colorado and Southern strike.

Another press note from San Francisco,
dated August 28th, 1907, tellshow the Jap-
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 917

anese have crowded out the whites in the Printers, per day 19 5.00

cities. It read: Ship carpenters, per day.. .29 4,25

That the Japanese could actually "crowd" Compositors, per day 29 4.50 up

Americans out of their own homes could Common laborers, day 19 1.75 up

scarcely be understood by those who have Farm laborers, male, per

not actually lived among the little brown month 1.44 25.00 up

men. Yet it can be done and is being done Farm laborers, female, per

now. month 1.20

With the rehabilitation of San Francisco ^^^ To«o«-,.« «♦*.. *«j u «.u x • r

, - .. . ,,, r . L . The Japanese, attracted by the stones of

the Japanese appropriated one of the best „^^j „.„„«o •« a«, ..• u *• r

'i J. . . , good wages m America, goes hunting for a

residence distncts m the city. • ^ ^i,^ j^„ t,^ ^^' ^^ tt -n 4. i

, , , .... job the day he arrives. He will take any

A canvass just made by the pohce m the • , . „„ ^ ^^ . t* u » * -i

,. . ^ J . . ,r vT o. • J°D at any wage offered. If hes a tailor,

district bounded by Van Ness avenue, Stem- r^^ :„.4.«„^« u n • ^ * a-i j tr

-- , ^ ^ .... *or instance, he will jump at $1 a day. If

er street, Market street and the bay shows . ^ . ^ , , , ^ mi

. ' *. ^^. » he IS only a common laborer, he will go in-

the existence of 651 Japanese. . .. ^ n . . ^^ ., -i j *• ^ en

, ,. J . , A to the fields or the railroad section at 50

How can the coolie drive the American ^^.^ ^ , j r i *u *. u •

, 1-. . ^ r,., . o T- • c^"ts a day, and feel that he is getting a

from his home? This way: San Francisco ^^^jj fortune.

has a select residence district. Suites rent ^. «i^« • a *i. t

, ^r, L ^._ .1- T • No* alone m wages does the Japanese

from $30 a month up Then the Jap m- .^^^.^^^^ ^^,,4 „hite labor, but in the

vas.on starts. The landlord doubles, per- ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ employed. The white

haps triples the rent The Japs pay it; ,^^^j^, ^^^^^^^ ^^^^.^^ ^^^^ ^^

the whites decline and move away. ^^ ^^ . i • i. u«i ^i. t

•^ ^ day and work nine hours, while the Japan-

•'I am sorry to do this," apologizes the ese are perfectly willing to work from 12

landlord to the white man, "but I am of- ^q 14 hours.

fered much more than you are willing to ^.^ r«A««^ r-^ * l ai

. _ . ,, ^ . , , „ The Japanese Government has recently

pay, and I do not blame you for leaving. k.^^j r-w ^ i- i ^ a • r •/

*^ ^' ^ ^ excluded Chtnese coolies from certain of tts

If the tenant calls around a month later territory because of their labor competition.
he will find that the seven rooms in which jg ^ ^^y wonder they have the plague in
he quartered from six to eight persons, pro- San Francisco? The Japanese are more to
vide "comfortable accommodations" for half be dreaded in several jespects than
a hundred little brown men, women and the Chinese or the Hindus. They
children. The basement will house a bar- realize the weak spot in the American
ber shop, laundry office and pool room. The armor in the Philippine Islands and Hawaii,
front parlor will hold eight cots, for which fco^h which can be had for taking the trou-
$5 per month can easily be obtained. In bje to go after them. There is no division
addition to this, the bathroom, from which ^f opinion on that question. They would
the tub immediately disappears, will put up be the points of first attack in the event of
a couple of guests, and the back porch is ^^r. The United States realizes its weak-
good for several more. ness but it lacks the back bone to acknowl-
Why the little brown men are coming to edge it and to take proper defensive meas-
San Francisco in hordes is explained by the ures that would strengthen its position,
following comparison of wages in Japan The Japanese have pretended to be very
and San Francisco: much offended at the attacks on Japanese
Salary in Salary in in San Francisco, yet Americans were as-
Trade. Japan. San Fran'co. saulted in Tokyo at the conclusion of the

Carpenters, per day $ .26 $3.75 Russian-Japanese war because the Japanese

Plasterers, per day 26 3.50 understood that Americans were responsi-

Stone cutters, per day 31 4.50 ble for their not receiving a large money

Paperhangers, per day 24 3.00 indemnity. The United States accepted it

Tailors on Japanese clothes, as a local protest, not as a national affair.

per day 48 .... England protested against Japanese immi-

Tailors on foreign clothes, gration to Canada and Japan agreed. There

per day 48 4.00 up was no offense even hinted at. Japan has

Bbcksmiths. per day 36 4.25 reserved to herself more exclusij!:^ property

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

rights than this country has even intimated
would be reserved and no nation has pro-
tested but rather accepted the matter as
properly belonging to Japan.

The country is overrun with Jap spies, or
if it isn't, there are a lot of false alarms
running wild. When the Jap war scare was
at its height it was an open secret that the
Japs in Hawaii were ready for anything
that might happen. We had it from fairly
good authority that Mexico had thousands
of them ready to take the field for the con-
quest of lower California and while these
propositions may all appear impossible, let
it be remembered that when Japan was get-
ting ready to attack both China and Russia
that she presented the smiling face of diplo-
matic courtesy and offered the most friendly

assurances. In the case of China it was
Oriental against his kind, but with Russia
it was a nation well on toward civilization
that followed the methods of civilized war-
fare, while the Oriental, as always, hit be-
low the belt before declaring war.

This is what we are up against. This
country might as well take the bull by the
horns, or, if you like, use any other term
that sounds better or more appropriate, and
commence business right off. Presidential
campaign or no campaign.

The same conditions that menace our
working people threaten the Canadians. We
ought to get together on this proposition of
exclusion and let each nation take such
measures as will effectually close the doors
to the Asiatics.

The Myth Of The Good Old Times.

Mr. Andrew Carnegie has again discov-
ered something that the rest of the less un-
pretentious people have known for some
time and it is that, we are all better off than
the people who lived centuries before us
were and even better off than those who
preceded us by a few generations.

We have known for some time that we
were better off than even those who lived
and worked and worried twenty years ago,
while as for the comparison of hundreds of
years it is such a comparison that it is no
comparison at all.

What was enjoyed by the kings of four
thousand years ago as luxuries can now be
almost reached by the workman who is a
member of the Union, cutting out of
course the jewels and fine raiment,
the ponies and the ladies. Those old
millionaires had to worry along with-
out steam heat, the high ball and
the up-to-date accessories that now are re-
garded as necessaries by the average Ameri-
can who has raised himself up to that stan-
dard of living. But let us not overlook
what the working people had at that time
and then — forget it. The story is told in
history <tf the intolerable times when it was
necessary to strike for forty years because
the boss would not furnish materials needed

to get out the right kind of brick. The
government called out the militia, too, but
Moses and Aaron won the strike.

There always were two sides to the popu-
lation, the upper and lower side, with the
middle class 'in between them both. The
philosophers centuries ago used to bewail
the serious conditions of the times and
the reform agitators used to hold forth tell-
ing the story of their wrongs and both fore-
told dire calamities and the middle classes
worked along between them just as they do
now, carrying the burden, filling the armies
and navies, the fields and the factories, and
the prisons, although they occasionally had
the company of the high and low in the lat-
ter places.

But, to come along down through the
centuries when men slaved and were glad
of the opportunity, through the early his-
tory of England, France, and Italy, when
men were slaves in every sense of the word,
when the laborer dared not raise his voice
in protest without danger of the lash, chain,
brand or the gallows, when the overlord
was the power, on down through the his-
tory of our own countr>% when the law
fixed work and wages, to the present when
capital and labor are formed in opposite
camps and prepared to fight it out, the dif-

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UVJ

ferences in living between the top and bot-
luni crusts of society have been compara-
tively the same, so far as we can discover.

We are used to refer to the good old
limes with a feeling of reverent desire, be-
cause, aside from the question of bodily
comfort, there then was a certain degree of
independence attached to each free man
that has been lost to him since the
adoption of machinery and concentra-
tion of effort in industry. We all
enjoy better living than our forefa-
thers did, but why should we not?
If we compare the living of the rich and
the poor of any period with that of today
there is little comparative difference. We
are all better off so far as comforts go. The
rich have luxuries never dreamed of by
their forerunners and the workers have
comforts that would have been luxuries to
the rich even a century ago, but how could
it be otherwise? It is the natural develop-
ment of progressive mankind.

Somehow or another there is a certain
set of men who have secured a strangle hold
on the most of the money in the world and
they stand in front of their banks and tell
the rest of us what a glorious thing, for us,
it is they have it. They usually take Provi-
dence into their banking firms, or indus-
tries, and refer to the partnership that per-
mits them to lord it over the world as
eminently just for the masses who have
earned money over which the few hold ab-
solute control. We witness with disgust
the ostentatious piety and brass band phil-
anthropy that mark a few who apparently
have fallen into the error of believing that
by hiding behind a form of alms giving so
princely in its proportions as to bewilder
the most of us that their sins of legitimate
thievery will be overlooked and condoned.
The recent defense before the bar of justice
of the richest corporation in the world to
the effect that, its illegal practices were
right because they were successful, states
the belief of all the rest of them and by all
the rest of them we mean the heads of the
concerns who have made their money un-
fairly.

Mr. Carnegie believes he is a good man.
Perhaps he is, as measured from his own
standard of goodness. He has peculiar
theories and practices that serve to prove

his goodness. He fought the workingmcn
of America until he had millions secured
and others well on the way and then he
declared for peace. But, what a peace.
His methods for securing peace are as
unique as they are patient. He would not
fight a striker again. Not he; it wouW be
unchristianlike ; he would starve him int>
submission. He believes that when men
strike it is folly for the employer to try to
run his business with new men. It costs
too much. The right idea is to shut down
until the men are starved out; then they
will come back to work and peace will
reign. This is the Carnegie-workman-peace
plan and differs somewhat from his notion
of a world-wide peace.

But Mr. Carnegie has said something
again. Mr. Rockefeller held the stage for
a day when he declared he was a horse
harnessed to the public cart. He had Mr.
Carnegie backed out of the lime light and
as the great peace promoter could not well
refer to himself as the ass or the ox har-
nessed*to anything, he had to say something
else and so he said this:

*The problem of our age is the proper ad-
ministration of wealth, that the ties of
brotherhood may still bind togther the rich
and poor in harmonious relationship. The
conditions of human life have not only been
changed- but revolutionized within the past
few hundred years. In former days there
was little difference between the dwelling,
dress, food and environment of the chief
and those of his retainers. The Indians are
today where civilized man was. When vis-
iting the Sioux I was led to the wigwam of
the chief. It was like the others in external
appearance, and even within the difference
was trifling between it and those of the
poorest of his braves.

"The contrast between the palace of the
millionaire and the cottage of the laborer
with us today measures the change which
has come with civilization, and is not to be
deplored, but welcomed as highly beneficial.
It is well, nay. essential, for the progress of
the race that the houses of some should be ^
homes for all that is highest and best in lit-
erature and the arts, and for all the refine-
ments of civilization. Without wealth there
can be no Mecaenas. The 'good old times'
were not good old times. Neither master

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

nor servant was as well situated then as to-
day. A relapse to old conditions would be
disastrous to both — not the least so to him
who serves — and would sweep away civil-
ization with it.

"But whether the change is for good or
for evil, it is upon us, beyond our power to
alter, and therefore to be accepted and
made the best of. It is a waste of time to
criticise the inevitable.

"It is easy to see how the change has
come. One illustration will serve for al-
most every phase of the cause. In the
manufacture of products we have the whole
story. It applies to all combinations of hu-
man industry, as stimulated and enlarged
by the inventions of this scientific age.

"Formerly articles were manufactured at
the domestic hearth, or in small shops which
formed part of the household. The master
.nnd his apprentices worked side by side,
the latter living with the master, and there-
fore subject to the same conditions.

"When these apprentices rose to be, mas-
ters there was little or no change in their
mode of life, and they in turn, educated
succeeding apprentices in the same routine.
There was, substantially, social equality,
and even political equality, for those en-
gaged in industrial pursuits had little or no
voice in the state.

"The inevitable result of such a mode of
manufacture was crude articles at high
prices. Today the world obtains commodi-
ties of excellent qualities at prices which
even the preceding generation would have
deemed incredible.

"In the commercial world similar causes
have produced similar results, and the race
is benefited thereby.

"The poor enjoy what the rich could not
before aflford. What were the luxuries
have become the necessities of life. The
laborer has now more comforts than the
farmer had a few generations ago. The
farmer has more luxuries than the landlord
had, and is more richly clad and better
housed. The landlord has books and pic-
tures rarer, and appointments more artistic
than the king could then obtain. The price
we pay for this salutary charge is, of
course, great. We assemble in the factory
and in the mine thousands of operators of

whom the employer can know nothing, and
to whom the employer is little better than
a myth.

"Al( intercourse between them is at an
end. Rigid castes are formed, and, as usual,
mutual ignorance breeds mutual distrust.

"Each caste is without sympathy for the
other, and ready to credit anything dispar-
aging in regard to it.

"Under the law of competition the em-
ployer of thousands is forced into the strict-
est economies, among which the wages paid
to labor figure prominently, and often there
is friction between the employer and the
employe, between capital and labor, between
rich and poor. Human society has lost
homogeneity."

From a man with his practice we ex-
pected better things, even newer ones. The
final paragraphs show the real Camegie.
The others are platitudes.

We would like to know just how much
real good Mr. Camegie has done with his
free libraries and free organs and — free
advice. The free libraries cannot be en-
tered by the men who made the money to
build them. His church organs raise melo-
dious praises of the blood and brawn that
purchased them, and as for the free advice,
it is not needed; the world cares no more
for the Uriah Heeps that are "so humble"
and so grinding.

How much better is the world for the pa-
latial homes of the wealthy with their treas-
ures of art and the refinements of civiliza-
tion ? Not one whit, speaking broadly. The
art collection may be read about and the
refinement may be referred to in general
terms, but how do either make the world's
living or morals any better?

The Sioux chief is as big a man in his
tent as Mr. Carnegie is in his castle. His
treasures are there and in the fields about
him ; he is comparatively as rich as Mr.
Carnegie, for each has wealth according to
his own standard.

The change that civilization has brought
is better for the middle classes than the old
way of poor house, poor food and no
clothes, but the rich have prospered even to
a greater degree, that is all.

Mr. Camegie has said it is easy to tell
how it all happened. He is right, but We

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

921

do not all tell it the same. He has said his
say, and we point to his career as an em-
ployer of wages ; to his attitude toward the
labor unions that resulted in the battle of
the barges in the great Homestead strike. It
is true that he has said he was not there,
but his hired man was, and it is difficult to
understand his millions at stake and his
ignorance of what was done to defend them.
Today while Carnegie prates of civilization,
Christianity and good-will, the United
States Steel Company has forbidden its em-
ployes to organize for a chance to live.

He attributes it all to the law of com-
petition and, he is correct, only he over-
looked saying that the greater portion of
the result is due to the laws that permitted
discrimination and other laws that were
not made for his kind. There is no com-
parative difference in mankind, all classes
have more than they ever did, as they ought,
and when Mr. Carnegie, or Mr. Rockefeller,
or Mr. Farwell, or any of the others, feel
they have a grievance against the rest of
us because we have dragged ourselves along
while they flew, let them bear it in mind
that what we have is because we have been

strong enough to get it. not because they
gave it to us.

But we believe Mr. Carnegie is as sincere
as he knows how to be. If he were in the
newspaper business he would be dubbed
"Yellow," but as he is not, he may be
dubbed a sentimental millionaire of many
affectations, at times comparing himself to
Pitt, of whom Canning said : "He lived
without ostentation and he died poor."
That is about as close to things as the Laird
of Skibo ever gets. He is a sentimental
Midas, believing he has amassed millions
because Providence turned the keeping of
others' money over to him and that by the
same token he has the world under his
guardianship. It is a Golden Calf proposi-
tion, an idol of his creation, a fanciful
dream of one who has squeezed his fellow-
men under a benign interpretation of Chris-
tianity and good-will that prompts him to
pose as a man of millions who believes he
cannot die happy unless he dies poor. In
every other sense than wealth the Laird of
Skibo is poor indeed and consequently
ought to be the happiest of men when he is
dead.

The Colorado And Southern Strike.

Brief mention was made in the Septem-
ber Journal of the Colorado and Southern
strike. This strike was called on July 19th,
for the purpose of securing the differential
demanded for all of the yards in Denver
and west thereof.

The adjustment of the road and yard
rates at Chicago left the question of differ-
ential for yards in Denver, and what is
known as the mountain territory, awaiting
a final decision on the question of an in-
creased rate. 'Jhis was fixed by the B. of
R. T. at 2 cents additional per hour.

The convention, which followed closely
after the Chicago settlement, delayed the
action of the Brotherhood in regard to the
differential question, for some little time.
When it was taken up, under the direction
of Brother Newman, the Colorado and
Southern, which had not been a party to

the Chicago conference, was the first road
to meet the committees on the question.

After every means to effect settlement
had failed, the men in the yards on the
system were called out on July 19th. The
strike was continued with the yard men
only until August 3rd, when the road men
were taken from the service, and the strike
was complete over the entire system, so far
as the train and yard men were concerned.

On August 13th a meeting was arranged
between tfie representatives of the Colorado
and Southern, the Rio Grande and the
Union Pacific and our organization, at
which time the strike was declared off,
effective 7 a. m., August 14th, 1907, and
until the action of a conference between
all the roads in the territory and the B. of
R. T., further determined oar course.

The agreement to call off the strike in-
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022 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

cliulcci llic rcliirn of every man to tlie scr- was conclusive evidence that their syin-

\ ioc wlio had left it, the dismissal of every pathies were with them in their demand for

"scab/Vho had gone to work during the better wages.

^:^ike, and the understanding that the rep- y^ry many instances occurred during the

resentatives of all of the roads in that ter- strike that went to prove the sympathy of

ritory would meet with the representatives ^i,^ people for the men. While the Jour-

of our organization and endeavor to eflfect ^al very much regrets that it was neces-

a settlement. sary to appeal to the court of final resort

This meeting was held on August 20th, j^ enforce the demands of the Brother-

and resulted in an increased rate of one hood, yet, it was absolutely necessary, un-

cent per hour being allowed, and the jer the circumstances, and was the only

submission of the remaining one cent per thing to do.

hour to arbitration. Honorable E. E. Clark, j^^ ^^^.^^^ ^^ .^ ^^^ conducted by the

Interstate Commerce Commissioner, was ^,^^^,^^^^^^^ ^3, ^ revelation to the peo-

selected as the sole arbitrator, and the ques- p,^ ^^ Colorado, who were under the im-

tion was placed before htm on September ^^^^^.^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^.^ ^^ ^^^ ^.^^ ^^^,j

14th by Mr. E, T. Hurley of the Santa te, ^^^ j,^ ^^^^.^^ ^^ ^.^^^^^ ^j^^^^^^ ^^^

representative for the railroads, and by ^^^ ^^^^ law-abiding in every sense, and

Grand Master Morrissey, representative for ^^^ „^ ^^^^^j^^ ^^^ ^^ ^pp^^j ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^

the Brotherhood. authorities.

At the time of going to press the de- _, .... . . ^ r

... . . u J ui- Ti The organization has made thousands of

cision has not yet been made public. The ^ . , . ,

Colorado and Southern strike, we think, friends in the state, and. ahogether, the
was the most remarkable one that has ever '^''^ ^^ the strike will be for the genera
occurred in this country. Every member betterment of the men themselvs, and will
of the organization, and a number of the also give the public, generally, a more favor-
employes who were not members, went out ^^^^ '^^» ^^ <^"^ organization. The tribute
when the time to leave the service was an- P^'^ to Mr. Clark, in selecting him as the
nounced. Not a single one of them de- ^^^« arbitrator, was one of the highest com-
serted the organization and returned to pHments that has ever been paid to a man
service until the adjustment was effected. occupying a similar position.

The loyalty of the men to their organi- Whether the result of the arbitration will
zation, and to the principles that led up to be for or against us we are quite ready to
the strike was remarkable, and the friend- express our entire, confidence in the fair-
ship of the public, generally, for the men ncss of Mr. Clark.

Things Doing.

Some time ago, the Journal called atten- threatens the Pacific coast first, and, in

I dUnC U *'^" ^^ *^^ immigration of time, the entire United States.

In Amtrioa. coolies from India into Can- The Indian coolie is able to live cheaper

ada. Quite recently they than his Chinese or Japanese co-worker,

came down into the western states, as far The agitation on the Pacific coast for the

as central California, where they are em- exclusion of all Asiatic low class labor will

ployed as section hands and in other like in time be taken up by the entire country,

occupations. as a matter of necessity, if the average

The introduction of this low class of standard of work and wages is to be main-
Asiatic labor cannot be viewed with any tained for the American workman,
degree of complacency, because it simply The first note of protest against the Hin-
adds to the burden of cheap labor that du coolie was heard at Bellingham, Wash-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

923

ington, on the night of September 5th,
when a general uprising occurred against
the Hindus who had been employed at the
mills to take the places of white workmen.

The Hindus were roughly hand lecTbef ore
the police could come to their rescue, but
finally they were taken to jail for protection.
The employers the next day oflFered to re-
employ them and give them full protection,
but it is said many of them returned to
Canada.

This is a serious question, not alone be-
cause of the protest of force but because it
promises to entangle us in another inter-
national argument over the rights of cheap
laborers. The Hindus are British subjects,
under the protection of that government,
and as such are entitled to the same consid-
eration as the subjects of the most favored
nation.

There is one thing absolutely certain and
that is, if the working people of both Can-
ada and the United States expect to keep
out Asiatic cheap labor they will have to say
they want it done and say so in a manner
that will carry some weight with it.

There is no use in any man saying,
"There is no need for my worrying over
this question ; no Asiatic can ever take my
job." The Asiatic may never take that
particular job, but he will get another man*s
job who will try for the job that looks so
secure. And, all the time the fight will be
toward lower wages, lower wages, until the
white man will tie on his breech clout, eat
his little mess of curry and lead his wife and
children from their shack to their daily
toil. Looks good, doesn*t it? Who ever
thought a Jap would be a brakeman on a
mountain road.?

The demonstration against the Hindus
is not a question that will be settled
by saying that the whites were wrong.
There is a principle behind it that has the
sympathy of every white man, who is white,
in this country, and while we may admit
that^e method was wrong, we cannot lose
sight of the reason, which was a protest
against laying down their right to live as
they have learned to live.

The protection of American workmen
must be carried to the extreme of forbid-
ding the admission of Asiatic labor from
any country. There is no way to insure

peace or living conditions until we take a
stand against coolie labor in general and
accept the responsibilites whatever they
may be.

In view of the facf that in the past forty-
A Wonderful ^^^ years we have received

£0^r^, and partly assimilated more

than 18,000,000 immigrants
and that in the past eight years we have re-
ceived more than one-tenth of this entire
number, the manner in which the people of
the country have maintained wages is re-
markable.

Under so great a competitive labor pres-
sure the ordinary trend of wages, under
natural conditions, would have been down-
ward, but there has been so much develop-
ment in industry, with increased work for
laborers, and the continued progress of la-
bor organization with standardized wages
that the tendency has been upward. In the
unskilled and unorganized trades wages
have not advanced, as a general proposition,
for the past fifteen years, but up to that
time wages generally increased. There are
certain employments, however, that are in-
cluded in the unskilled trades which have
profited within the past two years and that
assist materially in bringing up the average
statistical increase in wages.

Compared with purchasing power, it ap-
pears that wages have not much more than
held their own for several years and as
matters now look, there will be a decided
tendency toward- a lower rate if increased
immigration is not carefully regulated and
every precaution taken to insure a good
class of immigrants whose ideas and meth-
ods of work and living will come some-
where, close to what we are pleased to re-
gard as our standards.

The forceful protests on the West Coast
of the United States and Canada are ample
evidence that the people are aware of the
dangers to them that accompany immigra-
tion of a low order of living. The right
to live as one has learned to live is one
that will not be surrendered without vigor-
ous protest, but the danger is not all on the
West Coast by any means.

The great problem is with us everywhere
and it is up to the people who appreciate the
dangers of low class competition to advise

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924 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

those who do not realize what the question standing it, but, why worry when the Trusts

means. Let there be concerted action in the have increased prices 40 per cent as against

effort to keep living, work and wages on a wage increase of 17 per cent? We are

the upward path rather than toward the prosperous.

European standards from which milfions Bu!? Congress will loaf; it will dodge

have fled, only to bring their poor condi- questions, fill the Congressional Record

tions along with them to the danger of the with campaign speeches, and the work will

rest of us. hang over until the election danger is

Any other country laboring under the passed,
load of immigration that has come to us in Jhe country needs saving by legislation
the past five years alone would have been rather than by another election. There
entirely changed in its economic aspect, are questions that ought to receive
That ours has not been is due to the rea- immediate attention. Coast defense, im-
sons herein given, namely, exceptionally migration, exclusion of Asiatics and all
great development in industry and the prog- other undesirables, labor protection and
ress of labor organization. many other matters are too important to
pass for another year, yet we are told in

The press announces that Speaker Can- ^^^^"^^ ^*^^^^ w»" »^« "<^^'"fif <l«»"g- No

non and the Administration >"terests will be antagonized. Could there

Congreu To ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ not be a certain amount of opposition

Loaf.

session of Congress will not 'f'^^^ ^"^^ ^«<=^"s^ ^^ ^^^^ has not been

done?

do much aside from passing the appropria-
tion bills. The obvious reason being that

the record of the party in power is suffi- And, Alabama has acknowledged the er-

ciently good to carry it through the coming ror of her laws regulating

campaign and it would be unwise to take ^^'**"^'* child labor and corrected

risks of giving offense by enacting legis- ' them. She no longer stands

lation that would not suit everybody. as the horrible example of the States in the

With all due courtesy to the men "who use and abuse of child labor. Her legisla-

got it up," this Presidential campaigning is ture has enacted a law raising the age limit

a nuisance generally to the business inter- for night work from thirteen to sixteen

ests of the country. It has to be gone years ; it limits the hours of night work for

through with periodically and a great part children under eighteen years to eight

of the time of the men who are supposed to hours ; it reduces the hours of work for

sail the Ship of State is given over to boost- children under fourteen years to sixty hours

ing certain men and certain parties for jobs a week, and it takes away the right of a

as captains while the ship and the sailors parent to allow a child of ten to work for

can take their chances of going on the the support of that person, even if claim

rocks. of necessity is presented.

We are now commencing to feel the ef- The right to work a child of ten to pro-

fects of the campaign. Men commence to vide a living for his parents was thought to

wonder if there is a chance for a change in have created very many imaginary disabili-

certain arrangements that affect their busi- ties in lazy parents who were willing to

ness. Legislators are not inclined to legis- live from the earnings of their small chil-

late because some one might be offended dren.

and we are therefore going to hold off for Alabam.a has done right well and, as it is
exactly one year and a half before we the beginning of the work of refoi||| in
again take up legislative action as a serious child labor, the best of results can be look-
business, ed for as the necessity for taking the bur-
There is no country on earth except this dens that rightfully belong to society from
one that could stand for such an eternal the shoulders of the children are noted and
tearing up, but thanks be to a kind Provi- appreciated.

dence, and a country rich in natural re- To Mr. Edgar Gardner Murphy belong^s

sources, we have stood it and will keep on much of the credit for the enactment of the

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

925

measure. He argued in the name of hu-
manity; he asked the legislature if the mills
of the State depended on inhuman condi-
tions; he declared that if the railroads of
the State were not to be allowed to write
its laws that the factories of the State
should not be allowed to write them. He
made a powerful plea for the measure and
among other good arguments he said :

"H you, gentlemen, remain indiflferent and
inactive, four years, it may be, will inter-
vene ere another opportunity for legislation
may be found. That will be the day of
other children ; the opportunity to help
these children is here today; it cannot re-
turn; it will pass with them and with you.
They have no votes; but you, gentlemen,
are their legislature, too. You are the only
legislature to which they can ever look.
Should you wrong them by your neglect,
I do not say, I would not dare to say, that
they will accuse you ; but I think I may say
that in that event, at your heart of hearts,
the chief boon you will ever ask of them is
that they will forget you. And when a
strong man must ask that gift at the hands
of a child, it means that he himself is like-
ly always to remember.'*

The answer of the legislature is a law
that betters conditions and starts the mills
and factories of Alabama upward in the
work of protection for child labor.

The principal objection to the several
forms of "involuntary" re-
"**H?B^"*' lief has been that the em-
ploye paid to a fund for his
protection which did not protect him, but, to
the contrary, if he accepted the benefits for
which he paid, the acceptance operated as a
bar to his bringing suit for recovery for
damages received in the service.

This meant that he contributed to a fund
and if he received benefits he gave up his
right to recover for injuries received while
an employe who did not accept benefits,
even after he had paid for them, could bring
suit.

The man who paid assessments to such
an insurance proposition thereby really
created a defense fund for his employers
and merely a questionable form of insur-
ance protection for himself.

There have been several attempts made

to overcome this plan of insurance and up
to this time all have failed. The national
Employers* Liability Bill has a clause that
covers the matter and takes away from the
employing company the rights of the old
time contract. It hands back to the em-
ployer whatever amounts have been paid
during disability from whatever sum may
be awarded as damages. This is by no
means an ideal law, but it is the nearest
we have been able to come to the question,
and even that is waiting for a Supreme
Court decision to say whether it will be
law.

Florida has given us a decision saying
that a man can bring suit and recover even
though he has entered into one of the re-
lief contracts and accepted benefits. It is
quite proper, too, for when a man pays for
insurance he ought not to be required to
agree that as soon as he gets that for which
he has paid, he rehases his employer from
all liability. There are two questions in-
volved and in eflfect they are far apart. The
Florida judgment is thus reported to the
Journal :

"The Supreme Court has just handed
down the most lengthy opinion in its his-
tory, perhaps, in which it is declared that
the contract entered into by employes of
the Atlantic Coast Line in accepting bene-
fits from the relief and hospital department
maintained by the road through the con-
tribution of the employes does not consti-
tute a bar to action again against the road
for personal injuries.

"The opinion is written by Chief Justice
Shackleford and is concurred in by Justices
Hocker, Whitfield and Cockrell. Judges
Parkhill and Taylor filed dissenting opin-
ions.

"The point of dissension was that the em-
ploye in accepting benefits from the hospi-
tal and relief department made a voluntary
election between relief in that manner and
legal action. The dissenting judges held
that the contract of itself was not a bar to
legal action, but that the subsequent ac-
ceptance of money, without regard to the
amount, did bar the privilege of seeking
damages.

"The case came up from Jefferson coun-
ty, Robert Beazley, a flagman, having been
awarded $20,000 in a suit against the Coast

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926

RAILROAD TRAIXMEiVS JOURNAL,

Line for injuries that made him a chronic
cripple. He was taken to the company's
hospital and treated when injured, the rec-
ord showing that he received upwards of
$100 in benefits from the hospital and re-
lief department. This was pleaded by the
company as a bar to further action on the
part of the plaintiff/*

The Chicago Daily Nezvs of August Dth,

Comspondenoe 1^7. furnished the informa-

Sehool tion that a railway corre-

watolied. spondence school about to
.be opened in Chicago by Maurice A.
Schwab alias F. S. Mordaunt, would be
carefully watched by the police, and raided
on the first formal complaint received by
the police department.

The promoter has a police record, which
reads as follows: **Maurice A. Schwab,
alias Frederick Mordaunt, 50 years, bom in
the United States, of German parentage, 5
feet, 7 inches. He is one of the greatest
swindlers in the country, and is well known
in New York, Boston, Baltimore and Chi-
cago. May 10th, 1882, he was sentenced to
three years in Sing Sing, by Recorder
Smith, in the court of general session, on
the charge of swindling young girls out of
hundreds of dollars, by promising them po-
sitions on the stage." He has been at the
head of several short-lived concerns in Chi-
cago, and, at present, is at the head of the
railway correspondence school.

The Chicago Daily News inquired frppi a
number of railway managers in Chicago
concerning him, and was assured that they
had never heard of Mordaunt's school. The
same authority states that the Traffic Man-
ager of the Clover Leaf Line is quoted as
having said that "he is much interested in
the new school, and that it is a good propo-
sition." He said that men who are grad-
uated from it will be able to secure posi-
tions. "Mr. Mordaunt is simply working
on a salary," he said. "I have known him
for many years, and have heard about his
record before. It does not impair my be-
lief that he is a good man in his present po-
.sition.**

The Journal does not know anything
concerning this new correspondence school

except what has been quoted as coming
from the Chicago Daily News. It, how-
ever, ought to be of sufficient interest to
warrant our readers in exercising due care
before investing anything in it.

In taking up the question of correspond-
ence schools, the Journal docs not want to
be misunderstood as opposing such schools
as are of real benefit to the student, who de-
sires to take advantage of all of the educa-
tional opportunities offered. It is the
schools that are started for the purpose of
working the students for what there is in it,
and for the further purpose of stocking the
market with railroad employes, who will be
used to take the places of the regular em-
ployes, if they should decide to leave the
service.

Kistakea
Again.

The United States has again learned the
futility of attempting to do
something in its own way
for a people who do not un-
derstand the meaning of it.

The first election passed off in the Philip-
pines as might have been expected. The
ones who voted did so feeling that this
Government had no business in the Islands
and showed their full and hearty contempt
by electing revolutionists to office and if the
members of the new legislative body have
the courage of their representations they
will at once demand the withdrawal of
American troops from the Islands and com-
plete independence for the Philippines.

As soon as the election was over the se-
cret revolutionary societies came out in the
open, the public press came out defiantly for
rebellion while revolution was preached at
public meetings.

The right to vote given them was accept-
ed as a sign of weakness on the part of
the United States. The plans of goveni-
ment that are acceptable to the nations of
Europe and this country are not understood
by the people of the Orient. The countries
that have been under European rule for
years have not accepted such rule and how
could it be expected that the Philippinos.
half breeds, Malays and Lascars ever could
understand civilized methods of government
after ten years of partial operation?

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Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of Brother
W. J. Sullivan. Business of importance! Ad-
dress Financier of Lodge No. 865.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of J. B.
Sands. Last heard from at Green River, Wyo.
Address Secretary Lodge No. 449.

• • •

Wanted. — Will R. J. Levis, last heard from iii
Gallop, New Mex.« write to his brother William,
at 714 Wiley Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa.

• • «

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of Brother
H. A. Shields, of Lodge No. 449; last heard from
at Walaenburg, Colo. Very important I Notify
Sccietoiy of Lodge No. 449.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of Nathan
Mackes; last heard from at Ashtabula Harbor,
Ohio. His mother is very anxious to hear from
him. Address Mrs. David Mackes, Renovo, Pa.

• • •

INFORMATION WANTED.

A suitable reward will be paid for the address

of J. T. McKernon, a boilermaker. Important

news awaits him. Address all information to M.

J. Kilroy, New York Life B14g., Kansas City, Mo.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the present address of H.
E. Estes, who formerly worked for the A., T. &
S. F., out of Raton. Last heard of he was in
Las Vegas, New Mex. Address Financier Lodge
No. 231.

• • •

Wanted.— To know the whereabouts of Fred
Gilliam, a boy about fifteen years of age; weight
115 pounds, has scrofula scar under right lower
jaw, square build, and blue eyes. If seen, take
him up and wire, H. M. Gilliam, N«. 1619 Wal-
nut St, Kansas City, Mo.

• « •

YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO.
James Harvey Lodge No. 21 is in splendid con-
dition, and admitting new members. Our records
show that we have made splendid progress since
January Ist of this year. There are a number of
new members in sight, and everything is coming
along very satisfactorily.

P. S. Stsacran.

• • •

LABOR IN MEXICO.

The native Mexican laborer is found unsatis-
factory for the reason that he takes an excessive
number of holidays regardless of other considera-

tions. Out of 865 days of the year, 181 are said
to be either obligatory or traditional holidays,
consisting of 52 Sundays, 52 saint Mondays, 15
solemn feast days, three holy dajrs, three national
feast days, and six family feast days. The solu-
tion of this labor difiiculty seems to be found in
the employment of Japanese who are ambitious
and capable and who are inclined to marry and
settle permanently in the country. About 1,000
Japanese laborers have already been brought into
Mexico and 2,000 more are shortly to be intro-
duced, the latter largely for railway work, at
wages of $1.50 (Mexican) a day. — Daily Consular
and Trade Reports No. 2709.

• • •

HAMILTON, ONTARIO.
Everything is progressing nicely in this locality;
everybody is working steady, and we are getting
new members at every meeting. I hope the 100,-

000 mark is reached by December 31st.

Yours in B. L.,

L. L. Kelly,
Agent Lodge No. 226.

• < •

I beg to acknowledge receipt of my Lady's
"Queen" watch, for which I want to thank you.

1 have had perfect satisfaction with my B. R. T.
Standard watch, and my wife is very much pleased
with hers. My Chart shall also receive a prom-
inent place in our home. I would like to see
every brother in our lodge have one.

Fraternally yours,

R. M. LoMAX,

257 West St« AshUbula, O.

• • •

KANSAS CITY UNION MEETING.
Arrangements have been made to hold a union
meeting of all lodges within the territory adjacent
to Kansas City, on Thursday, November 21st, at

2 P. M., at 1330 Grand Avenue, and at 8 P. M.,
the same date, a grand ball will be given in C^*
vention Hall. Grand Master P. H. Morrissey will
be here to address the meeting and incidentally
lead the grand march. The "boys" will please ^
sit up and take notice.

• • •

Laboe Day Queen— San Antonio. Tex.— Sister
Pfannkuche, of San Antonio, Tex., was elected
Queen of Labor Day, over a number of competi-
tors. In addition to the honor of being elected
Queen of Labor Day, she was awarded a fine
gold watch, which was one of the perquisites of
her reign.

The members of the organization were very
much pleased over the contest in which more
than 70,000 votes were cast.

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928 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of Ed. non-attendaiH:e of members to the meetings.
Osborne, who worked for the 6. & O. R. R. at Brothers, let us wake up to this fact. Our places
Staten Island, N. Y., as a brakeman during May as good Brotherhood men is at the meetings and

and June, 1906. He was witness to an accident to help run the meetings. Now, as the summer

that happened at Cranford Junction, N. J., May is about over, let us Uke new courage and make

24th, 1906, to N. T. Donegan. His evidence will a desperate effort to attend at least one out of

very much assist in the trial, which will come up the two meetings we hold. Next month I will
in November. Anyone who can assist in locating furnish an illustrated article which will interest

Mr. Osborne will please advise N. T. Donegan, many of you. A. M. Douglas.

No. 77 Montgomery Ave., Tompkinsville, N. Y. • • •

* * * EAST BUFFALO, N. Y.
I desire to thank you for the splendid little r j m .,- • .

"QUEEN" Watch that I received for sending you ,. ^^ ^^ "^ "J" * ^*7 prosperous cond,-

yearly paid subscribers for the Trainmen's Jour- V^"* ^7^" *" '^"^« admitted at every meet-

nal. I think that is enough to make a member of *"«' ^^ J^*'« »'« "°,^ *»"><>»^ ^l^^ »»""**«d on the

the B. R. T. work hard for the Journal ^°»**': ^* .»" °^»"« ^J"' initiation ceremony

My wife was so delighted with the Watch that very interesting, and we hope it will prove at-

she showed it to every one that she knew that ^'^^/^'^ ^"^^J^** *° b""« *» °« ^"' »>«-<'*l>«" »P

lives close to us. '"* n ""^^T; w

Yours fraterna!ly, Brother A. M. Merritt, of Lodge No. 639. re-

H.' F. VoUmer cently found a pocketbook containing about five

Lodge No. 482. thousand dollars in cash and a number of valuable

# • • jewels. The money and jewels were returned to

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. *!„ "Tr'J""^*" '"t "™*'l" *'T'" '*"'''"*

^ many thanks and a substantial reward.

This is the title of a book issued by the Train i am glad to say that Brother Merritt is a sara-

Dispatchers' Bulletin, Toledo, Ohio, and sells for pie of the membership of our organization.

$1.60. The puriiose of the book is to furnish j^^^ jj p^-^jji^lk

authentic information on train rules and train Secretary Lodge No 417.

orders. The work contains questions with their • « •

answers in the standard Code, and all of the rules nA\rAr\A*c oTrvrr^^xr t tur

- .. . „ ., A ■ .. J u*r I CANADA S SUNDAY LAW.
of the American Railway Association on doubtful

points, together with questions submitted to that ^ ^"^ *<^' provides that it shall be unlawful on

body on train orders and their answers. It is Sunday to engage in any public game or contest

intended to assist in the examination for pro- *°*' «*>"• ^^^" ^^ *° ^ present at any perform-

motion. *"*^* ^' public meeting, elsewhere than in a church,

• • • at which a fee is charged, or to run, conduct, or

NEW LONDON. CONN. ZllL^T. h*"™""'! Z "^'^ P»^'>f" "«

♦ conveyed for hire, or to adveruse any performance

Lodge No. 496 is doing business at the same or to bring into Canada for sale or distribution or

old stand, and the initiation ceremony is full of to sell or distribute on "the Lord's Day" any

ginger, and, therefore, very interesting to all who foreign newspaper or publication classified as a

participate in it. newspaper. The act also provides that every cor-

The brothers who prefer to remain away from poration which direcU, authorizes, or permits its

the meetings are requested to please come up, and employes to carry on any part of its business on

if there is anything to say concerning the work that day shall be liable to a fine, but nothing shall

of the lodge, to have it out in the lodge room, prevent the operation on Sunday of a railway for

where all inquiries can properly be answered. I passenger traffic when the company has been in-

think this would be much more satisfactory for all corporated by legislative authority,

of us, and would do away with a great deal of the • • •

street comer gossip that appears to be so unneces- qur WOMEN JOURNAL AGENTS
sary.

• SHoaTY. * JouiNAL has been exceptionally favored this

• • • year through the assisUnce given it by a number

of its women friends. Previous to this year,
Newaik Lodge No. 219.~On Wednesday even- we have had very little assistance from them but
mg. September 11th, this lodge celebrated its this year we have been favored, and we appre-
twentieth year of existence by a very appropriate ciate the assistance very much, indeed,
ceremony. There was a large delegation present The JouauAL is perfectly satisfied that if our
from Manhattan lodge, Ladies* Auxiliary of women friends could be persuaded to take up the
this city. There was a large turpout of the subscription work, we would soon have a splendid
"boys" and their friends and relatives and a gen- outside circulation. As a rule, the women make
eral good time was had. This old lodge has passed most of the purchases for the household, and. con-
through many changes during these twenty years sequently, are acquainted with a number of the
of her existence and there was a sprinkling of the business men of their city. It is practically an easy
original members present on this occasion. Wc matter for them to ask the concerns with which
are still taking in candidates and are doing good they spend their money to reciprocate in a small
work in the field, but our only drawback is the way.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

It is to be hoped that more of our lady readers
will come to the atsisUnce of the Jouknal, and
do what they can to further our Subscription De-
partment.

The list of prizes offered for subscriptions ought

to be inducement of itself to urge everyone to do

what he can to increase the circulation of the

Journal.

• • • •

LIFE'S PANORAMA IN NEW YORK-

The whirligig of life in Gotham is so rapid that
it sircms impossible to check the pace. One must
go with the crowd or be trampled on. To show
just how people and things keep on the go the
Tribune summarizes the daily round in these short
lines:

Every 40 seconds an immigrant arrives.

Every 8 minutes some one is arrested.

Every 6 minutes a child is bom.

Every 7 minutes there is a funeral.

Every 18 minutes a couple get married.

Every 42 minutes a new business firm starts up.

Every 48 minutes a building catcne^ fire.

Every 48 minutes a ship leaves the harbor.

Every 51 minutes a new building is erected.

Every IH hours some one is killed by accident.

Every 7 hours some one fails in business.

Every 8 hours an attempt to kill some one is
made.

Every 81 hours some couple is divorced.

Every 10 hours some one commits suicide.

Every 2 days some one is murdered.

• • •

Bellevue, O.— Nickel Plate Lodge No. 64 re-
cently held a big Union excursion at Cedar Point.
The business men in the city closed down, and
the entire town joined with the lodge on its ex-
cursion.

The excellent standing of the railroad men has
been brought about by the different railroad or-
ganizations» the teachings of which lead men to he
better citizens and considerate of the rights of
everybody.

It is gratifying to know that the Congressmen
are paying attention to the requests of railroad
employes, and it is also gratifying to know that
the same employes are not losing sight of the
actions of their law makers.

The railroad organizations have the respect of
all fair business men, because they appreciate the
value of their contracts. It is well for our men
to remember that during the time of peace is the
time to prepare for war, for it is safe to say that
the other side is never losing sight of that fact.

A little unpreparedness on our part will go a
long way sometimes to take away from us many
of the fair conditions we have secured.

One op THSt Boys.

• • •

FATAL INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS IN

GREAT BRITAIN. 1906.

The number of deaths from industrial accidents

reported in the year 1906 was 4,111, a decrease of

278 as compared with the year 1905, and slightly

less than the average for the five ynrs 1902-6.

The decrease of 278 was almost entirely due to
a decline from 1,525 to 1,200 in the number of
deaths of seamen; fatal accidents to railway ser-
vants, and in factories and workshops, consider-
ably exceeded the numbers for each of the two
preceeding years. -

Out of every 10,000 workpeople employed, about
six (i. e., about 1 in 1,600) were killed by indus-
trial accidents in the average of the five years
1902-6. The highest death-rate was among sea-
men (53 per 10.000); and the death-rate of sea-
men in sailing vessels is three times as great as
even this high ratio. The accident death-rate
among seamen is five times as high as the average
of the next three most dangerous occupations,
mines (12.82), quarries (10.83), and railway ser-
vice (7.77). On the other hand, the ratio for
non-textile factories falls to 2.25 per 10,000, and
that for textile factories 0.71 per 10,000. — The
Board of Trade Labour Gazette, March, 1907.

• • •

City Point Lodge No, 507. — Thirty members of
No. 507 left Boston September 7th by boat for
Portland, Maine, to spend Sunday with Lodge No.
82. The boys had a big time on the boat, and at
7 a. m. were met by a committee from No. 82.
who escorted us to their hall, where some light
refreshments were served, after which we all went
to breakfast. We had a trip seeing Portland, and
at 1:30 p. m. Lodge No. 82 opened their meeting.
We were agreeably surprised in the manner of
which the initiatory ceremony was rendered. We
are pleased to say that No. 82 has as effidcAl a
staff of officers as any lodge of the Brotherhood.
At 6 p. m. a banquet was served. Remarks were
made by many of the brothers. We were escorted
to the boat by members of No. 82. We were
greatly pleased at the hospitality extended to us
by Lodge No. 82, and expect a return visit at no
distant day. Visitations of lodges should be en-
couraged, as they are beneficial in many ways.
Lodge No. 507 is in a prosperous condition with
about 830 members, and we expect a large in-
crease before 1908 on account of the six months'
clause. Business is good on the Plymouth division
of the New Haven and all the boys are happy.
As the cool weather is coming on now, we shall
expect a better attendance at our meetings.
Fraternally yours,

Chas. B. Bergbe, AgeiiSk

• « •

LOST!

The following articles herein mentioned as lost,
if found, will please be returned to the Financier
of the lodge of which the loser is a member:

H. Kastens, Lodge No. 83, case containing re.
ceipts.

J. J. Reagan, Lodge No. 218, case containing
receipts.

J. H. Redden, Lodge No. 370, receipts, case
and service letters.

G. W. Hardy, Lodge No. 195, case containing
three years* receipts.

H. H. Laudess, Lodge No. 633. B. R. T.. W. O.
W. and K. P. receipts, R. I. annual^

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930

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

H. E. Lcavitt, Lodge No. 496, B. R. T. re-
ceipts up to September, 1907, also Masonic
receipts, K. of P. receipte and other papers.

E. J. Adams, Lodge No. 132, pocketbook con-
taining B. R. T. receipts and O. R. C. receipts
for last half of 1907, also B. & O. annual pass. •

W. J. Harman, Lodge No. 373, receipt case
containing receipts from January, 1907, up to an i
including September receipt, also traveling card.

John Chitty, Lodge No. 696, receipt bolder with
two years* receipts, also wife's auxiliary receipt.
The brother offers a reward for the return of the
above.

L. Johnson, Lodge No. 577, large leather wallet,
containing B. R. T. receipts, from March to Au-
gust, 1907. Also insurance papers, annual passes,
A-1193 Q. O. & K. C; B-4233 R. C. S.; 218 L.
R. & N. Ry.

George H. Evarts, Lodge No. 143, coat, con-
taining receipts from January 1906 to August
1907, with clearance papers from the Frisco, the
Missouri Pacific and the Rock Island, also pass
from Buffalo to St. Louis.
• • •

New Journal Prizes. *

The Journal wants to get the largest circula-
tion of any publication of its kind an^. for that
purpose it has revised its list of subscription prizes
in the hope that the new offers will prompt our
brothers and sisters to renewed efforts to get sub-
scribers.

Now no one need work for nothing, for we
offer a prize for one subscription. This prize is
not a house or lot, nor even a pony and cart, but
it is a good B. R. T. pin that retails for 50 cents
and it is about as good an offer as we can afford
to make for subscriptions received. Then we have
other pins we offer for 3 subscribers; others we
offer for 4 and 5 names and we have two Auxiliary
emblems we offer, each for 5 and 10 names, the
latter with the name of the owner engraved on
the bar. We have all kinds of rings running from
15 names to 30 names. Two of them are lady's
rings, one of them is a signet ring with monogram
engraved to order and the others are B. R. T.
emblem rings. These are about the best we ever
secured for prizes. The designs are new, very
pretty and the values are good.

We also have a new B. R. T. cuff button we
offer for 10 subscriptions, and there are B. R. T.
charms we offer for 5 to 10 subscriptions. These
values are excellent.

Our watches are of the well established, high
grade kind that stand for themselves and need no
recommendation. Ask your delegate to the At<
lanta Convention what this lot of watches tooks
like. The same watch is offered for subscribers as
follows: The B. R. T. SUndard for 75 names;
the Lady's Queen for 80 names, and the Commer-
cial Standard for 35 names. This comes very
close to returning a dollar in prize values for each
dollar received in subscriptions, and who is there
that can make an honest offer that can come any-
where near it?

In addition we offer to the subscriber a good,
readable monthly .publication, attractively pre-

sented and filled with entertaining, instructive
matter that will be of some interest to every one
who reads it It is the purpose of the Jouknal
to contain something of interest to every one who
opens it. No publication is read from cover to
cover because not all of it is of interest to the
reader, but we try to arrange our Journal so
that something in it will appeal to each reader.
This is a good fair offer to the subscriber; it is
not a charitable proposition by any means. We
want everybody to have the Journal and we will
do our best to give each subscriber a fair return
for his investment.

We want every Brotherhood man and woman
to Uke up this work for us. Will not each one
of you help us a little? If you do we will be
helped a wonderful lot.

Look at our advertising pages for our list of
new prizes and offers that range from a prize for
one subscription to a fifty-dollar watch for seventy-
five subscribers.

• • •

Boycott Not Un-American.

Good for the Emancipation of the Oppressed in
Olden Times and Still Good for Mankind.

Whenever a "We Don't Patronize" circular is
issued by a labor organization members of the
Manufacturers* Association and the Citizens' Al-
liance, and anti-unionists generally fulminate to
the bursting point, that such a procedure is "un-
American," hostile to the principles upon which
our liberties are grounded," and other such
Fourth of July patriotic platitudes. They seem
to think that the boycott came in when in 1880-'81
an organized system of social and commercial
ostracism was employed in Ireland in connection
with the Land League and land agitation.

But while the system took its name from Cap-
tain James Boycott, a Mayo landlord, against
whom it was first put in force in Ireland, it was
over 100 years old when the redoubtable captain
began to feel how effective it could be made,
and strange as it may seem to those who now
deprecate it as an invention of "Wild Irishmen,"
it is as much an American institution as Bunker
Hill monument or "Old Glory" itself for that
matter*

If we read aright, the Massachusetts colonists,
in 1774, because of the tax, would drink no tea,
and even resorted to violence, in tipping 848
chests of the herb into the harbor, so that those
who would not agree to the boycoU might have
no opportunity to violate the implied "W© Don't
Patronize" ukase.

But the boyostt in respect to the tea was only
the beginning. General Gage, who was made
governor of the colony after the tea-dumping
episode, undertook to fill the marshy expanse,
known as Boston Neck, in order to unite the town
with the main land, but he could not get a laborer
to work for him, no matter what wages he offered,
even though the fact is that Boston harbor was
closed and the streets of the town were thronged
with workmen idle, hungry and penniless.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

931

These are the exact words of history and it
will be seen that the methods so much in favor
by labor organizations today were learned by
them with the other good things* our boasted free
American institutions have to offer for the ameli-
oration of citizens. These methods were good in
the old days to lay the foundation of this "great
and glorious republic." They proved effective
and eventually successful, and if good for the
sires of the republic why not equally good for
their sons? If the boycott was a thoroughly
honorable weapon toward securing American in-
dependence, why is it not equally as honorable
a weapon toward securing the emancipation of
American labor? — Ex.

Business Subscribers Received For
August

Under this head the Journal will print once
the name, business and business address of each
business firm, or. of each person in business for
himself, or, representing a business firm as its
agent who subscribes for one year. The idea is
to inform our readers who among their businessmen
have subscribed and to recommend to them the
fairness of giving their patronage to those who have
patronized the Journal.

ASHTABULA HARBOR. O.

Received from W. O. Harper, Lodge No. 84:

C. R. Stahrc, Groceries and Provisions, cornrr
Lake and Hubbard.

Adam Hardware Co., 227 Bridge.

N. Kassouff, "f^bacco and Confectionery, Bridge.

Globe Clothiers, 36 Spruce.

Joe Mirabcll, Boot and Shoe Maker, 181 Bnd.ijc.

The Twe Guys, Shaving Parlor, 101 Bridge.

J. G. Turner & Co., Druggists. Bridge and
Hurlbut.

Max Karpel, Furnishings and Shoes, 33 High.
DODGE CITY, KAN.

Received from F. L. Dickinson. Lodge No. 06:

The Zimmerman Hardware & Mfg. Co.

S. T. Williams, Millinery and Variety Store.
LA JUNTA. COLO.

Grant Harbour, Gents* Furnishings, Clothing,
Shoes, etc.

TEXAS.

Received from Mrs. Bob Howard:
WICHITA FALLS.

I*. C. Thatcher, Cashier Farmers' Bank and
Trust Co.

R. F. Simpson, Druggist.

G. E. Davis, Furniture.

W. F. Jourdan Furniture Co.

Smith & Haley, Palace Meat Market.

J. A. Burton^ Broom Maker.

Robert L. Miller, M. D.

City National Bank.

C. B. Montgomery, Wichita Plumbing Co.

W. L. Dilhard, Manufactuixr of Candies.

Cobb, Mario w & Huey, Real Estate.

J. L. Stephenson & Co., Wichita Falls Land
Agents.

GALVESTON.
E, L. Levy & Co., Men's and Boys* Outfitters.

DALLAS.
J. S. Mayfield Lumber Co.

AKRON, O.
Received from Mrs. Otto Stoll:
The Philadelphia Dental Parlors, 30 S. Main.
Jno. Seller, Proprietor The Montana, 318 S.
Main. •

HOULTOy, ME.
Received from T. Crothcrs, Lodge No. 393:

E. F. Keating, Restaurant, 71 Main.
John Deacy, Hardware, 22 Bangor.

F. Blethen, Retail Jeweler, Watches, etc.
Times Publishing Co., Chas. H. Fogg, Mgr.

MARQUETTE, MICH.
Received from Walter La Plant, Lodge No. lO:
Ormsbee & Atkins.

Hager Bros. Co., Ltd., 118 S. Front.
Schock & Hallam.

TOPEKA. KAN.
Received from Self:

A. A. Graliam, Attorney-at-Law, 517 Ka'isas
avenue.

WASHINGTON. D. C.
Received from H. West, Lodge No. 484:
McChesney & Joachim, Druggists, 2nd & F.,
N. E.

0. J. De Moll & Co.. Pianos, 1231 G, N. W.

1. Newman, Hats and Men's Furnishings, 1233
Penna. avenue, N. W.

People's Pharmacy, 824 7th, N. W.

Modern Drug & Manufacturing Co., 7th and
E. N. W.

S. T. Stoll, Pharmacist, 505 Penna. avenue, N.
W.

O. Goodwin, Jeweler and Watchmaker, 469
Penna. avenue, N. W.

E. L. Pettit & Co., Clothing, 7th and I, N. W.

T. P. Cully, Kimball Pianos and Organs, 523 I,
N. W.

Beiber-Kaufman Co., 901-909 8th, S. E.

H. Abramson, Men's and Ladies* Outfitters,
1012 7th, N. W.

H. Dodek, Credit Clothing Store, 1014 7ih,
N. W.

W. S. Toppan, Jeweler and Optician, 803 G,
N. W.

Geo. Goldberg, Union Hatters and Furnishers,
463-465 Penna avenue. N. W.

Glasgow Woolen Mills Co., Tailors, 615 Penna.
avenue, N. W.

ALLENTOWN. PA.

Received from F. A. Michael, Lodge No. 346:

J. Daly, Hotel, 616 Hamilton.
ATLANTA. GA.

Received from R. E. Brans ford, Lodge No.
302:

Eiseman & Wiel, Men's and Boys' Outfitters, 1
Whitehall.

Goodyear Clothing Co., 51-53 Whitehall.

Marcus Bros. Clothing Co., 8-10 Peachtree.

Sciples Son, Builders' Supplies and Coal, S3
N. Broad.

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RAILKOAD TkALWlIiX'S JOURSAL.

Jackson & WcsscU, Drug Store, 28 Marietta.

Essie Bros., Clothing, Furnishers and Hattcra,
26 Whitehall.

INDIANA HARBOR. IND.

Received from £. M. Bedson, Lodge No. 731:

Indiana Harbor Lumber & Coal Co.
CONEMAUGH. PA.

Received from W. B. Goughnour, Lodge No.
386:

W. S. Hosterman, Restaurant, Cigars, Maine.

V. B. Custer & Bro., General Merchandise,
Greene.

J. L. Replogle, Cigars and Tobacco, Greene.

Cyrus Davis, Druggist, First.

Plummer & Adams, General Merchandise, Oak.

Jas. F. Devlin, Grocer, Main.

R. Gerhart, Pool, Cigars and Tobacco, R. R
WYMORE. NEB.

Received from C. E. Wymore, Lodge No. 49:1:

-A. P. Ake, Ivory Cafe.

J. O. Pisar, Blue Ribbon Saloon.

M. S. McGoogan, Opera House Saloon.

A. W. Fisher, Wymore Transfer Co.

Jas. Hflch, Agent Storz Beer.

BELLEVUE. O.

Received from A. I. Longstreet, Lodge No. 54:

W. Kutr, Jeweler, 116 E. Main.

McLain & Ryan, Coal, E. Main.

D. A. Good, Music House, Vickery Block.

WEST MINSTER, S. C.
Received from H. A. Wingate:
Dr. Mitchell, Physician and Surgeon.

LONDON. ONT.
Received from Chas. Veech, Lodge No. 416:
Dr. E. Seaborn. 688 Dundas.
J. A. Nash, Jeweler. 674 Dundas.
J. F. Hutto^i, Dry Goods. 662 Dundas.
Conrad Lenz, Butcher, 636 Adelaide.
A. J. Omond, Drugs, 468 Dundas.
Hanford Hotel, Cecil, Clarence and York sts.

NEWCASTLE, PA.
Received from Jas. McVettie, Lodge No. 471 :
John E. Fee. Fee's Tavern.
Newcastle Art Co.. 38 N. Mill.

ATLANTA. GA.
Received from W. H. Middlebrook, Lodge No.
802:
G. W. Grubbs, Barber Shop.

ALTOONA, PA.
Received from W. C. Giarth, Lodge No. 174 »
Kline & Schlesner, 1323 11th avenue.
Hotel Victoria, 1433 9th avenue.
Hotel Senate, 819 Chestnut avenue.
SOUTH BUTTE. MONT.
Received from W. A. Perkins, Lodge No. 318:
John F. Charles, Cabinet Saloon, 901 E. Front.

CHICAGO, ILL.

Received from H. buJwiser. Lodge No. 681:

Thos. H. Clarisey, Registered Pharmacist, 612
S. 48th avenue.

Fred J. Wareham, Billiards and Pool, 619 S.
48th avenue.

W. Hunter, Restaurant, 844 6th avenue.

E. J. Hynes, Lunch Room and Buffet, 642 S.
48th avenue.

George Pitt, Barber Shop, Cigars, etc., 524 S.
48th avenue.

P. F. McAuliffe, Sample Room and Cigars.
602 S. 48th avenue.

Chas. Weis, Dry Goods and Gent's Furnish
ings, 497 S. 48th avenue.

HAMMO^JD. IND.

Received from Ernest Bedson. I.,odge No. 731:

Otto Negele. Druggist, 204 Hohman street.

Model 'Clothing House, Hohman street.

•First National Bank, Hohman street.

G. H. Wall, Buffet. 229 E. State.
EAST CHICAGO. IND.

N. J. O'Connell, Buffet, Forsythe avenue.
ALLIANCE, OHIO.

Received from E. H. Miller. Lodge No. 178:

Dr. W. H. Burns. E. Main.

HARRISBURG, PA.

Received from E. E. Miller. Lodge No. 42:

H. W. Lathe, Ice, Coal and Wood, corner .»th
and Woodbine.

REVELSTOKE. B. C.

Received from F. E. Root, Lodge No. 61:

C. B. Hume & Co.. Groceries.

Knight & Divine, Tailors.

Hobson & Dill. Groceries.

McLennon & Co., Clothiers.

McPhail & Hornell, Confectioners.

Kincaid & Anderson. Real Estate.

A. H. Fleishman. Jeweler.

RATON, N. M.

Received from J. E. Daum. Lodge No. 221:

Mullis Cash Grocery, 100 S. 2nd.

E. L. Fugate, Furniture, 116 S. 2nd.

O. C. Henry, Barber Shop, ifb Cook avenue

W. L. Johnson Furniture Co., 136 S. 2nd.

O. K. Barber Shop, 144 Park avenue.

Jim Neish, Confectionery, 116 Park avenue.
OKLAHOMA.

Received from Chester Reniff, Lodge No. 532:
APACHE.

W. S. Pegg. Farmer.

EL RENO.
- S. B. Quitney, Barber Shop, corner 419 W.
Waid and Grand.

H. C. Poulsen, Southern Hotel, comer 419 W.
Waid and Grand.

Mrs. H. J. Diehl, Hotel. 116 S. Admire.
MANGUM.

R. A. Adams, Hotel.

Sam Stark. Farmer.

TAIBAN, N. M.

T. A. Bordeaux. Farmer.

HOULTON. ME.

Received from T. Crothers, Lodge No. 393:

C. S. Osgood, Jeweler and Optician.

W. H. McLoon. Cigar Maker.

BROOKFIELD. MO.

Received from C. E. Marseilles. Lodge No. 19:

E. D. Butterfield, Livery and Sale Stable

Bert Stump, Poultry and Produce.

Chas. Green, Druggist.

Hank Garrity, Cafe.

R. N. Bowden, Furniture and Undertaking.

W. H. Jenkins, Plumbing and Heating

Wm. James, Jeweler.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

933

W. A. Schuster & Co.. Groceries.

G. F. Evans, Cigar Mfg. Co.

J. H. Fuoss« Jeweler,

LA JUNTA, COLO.

Received from F. L. Dickinson, Lodge No. 96:

The Ramsay Dry Goods Co.

The Bomgardner & O'Neil Hardware Co., Hard-
ware. Implements and Harness.

Kendall Dry Goods Co.

The Williams-Smith-Rice Dry Goods Co.

Andrews & Lagerquist, Palace Drug Co.

Harry L Maxwell, Men's Furnishings.
DODGE CITY, KAN.

Received from F. L. Dickinson, Lodge No. 96:

Burnett Bros., Groceries, Poultry and Eggs.

A. D. Smith & Son, Groceries and Produce.

L. E. Pendleton & Co., Furniture and Notions,
Front street.

Argabright & Sidlow, Groceries.

Martin Bros., Coal and Flour.

The Palace Drug Co., Central Block, Front
and Chestnut streets.

ENID, OKLA.

Received from F. W. Morey, Lodge No. 660:

Mill Bros., Barber Shop and Bath.

Hirsch & Co.. Clothiers.

A. D. Weisenberger, Drugs.

Kennedy Mercantile Co.

Brown-Frazier Dry Goods Co. .

New York Brokers.

Cabin Bar.

INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
Received from J. R. Carr, Lodge No. S74:
Penn Coal Co.. 777 E. Washington.
Ralston Boot Shop, Pythian Bldg., corner Penn-
and Mass. avenues.

SAN ANTONIO, TEX.
Received from John Appleby, Lodge No. S69:
Dr. J. M. Miller. 1403 W. Commerce.

LOUISVILLE. KY.
Received from H. A. Carfield, Lodge No. 166:
J. E. Faust. Cafe, 2928 4th avenue.
Geo. Legel, Cafe, 610 E. Market.
J. G. A. Schuster. Grocer. 4th and P. ave.
N. H. Churchman, Grocer, 3613 4th avenue.
John Gorman. Cafe. 3629 4th avenue.
C. Ede, Barber, 3123 4th avenue.
Fred Rickert, Grocer, 1601 Southgate.
H. Dedden, Grocer, 18lh and Broadway.
Aug. Fye, Grocer, 2929 4th avenue.

NIAGARA FALLS. N. Y.

Received from Wm. P. Crotty, Lodge No. 639:

M. S. Lowenthal, Corner Cafe, comer Main
and Niagara avenue.

Wm. Dildine, Canandaigua Cafe, 439 Main.
SAN ANTONIO, TEX.

Received from M. J. Garvey, Lodge No. 52:

C. Hummel, Paint Store, 326 W. Commerce.

Ernst Danis, Delicatessen Rest. 640 E. Com-
merce.

ALLENTOWN. PA. •

Received from F. A. Michael. Lodge No. 346:

Shankweiler & Zehn.

M. M. Kuntz, Franklin House, 6th and Union
streets.

WASHINGTON. D. C.

Received from H. West. Lodge No. 484:

P. J. Duncan, Druggist, 6th and K., N. E.

J. J. Caylor, Grocer, 6th and L., N. E.

C. Defibaugh, Jeweler, 21 H, N. W.

T. Donnell, Shoemaker, 64 H, N. W.

H. C. Wall, Wood and Coal.' 1126 1st, N. W.

W. W. Griffith, Wood and Coal. 1st and N,
N. E.

T. Hollander, Union Made Gloves and Over-
alls. N. Capt. and H. N. E.

H. Frane & Co., Hats and Men's Wear, corner
7th and D. N. W. •

George & Co., Outfitters, 910 7th, N. W.

Moore & CuUinane. Hatters and Gents' Fur-
nishers, 436 7th. N. W.

Sacks Optical Co., Opticians and Jewelers, 626
7th. N. W.

J. A. Augusterfer, Gas Inspector, 609 2nd.
N. E.

PHILADELPHIA. PA.

Received from C. Mahoney, Lodge No. 687:

J. M. Bruner & Co.. Coal Dealers, 4603 Girard
avenue.

La Gierse, Florist. 4668 Lancaster.

John J. Bradley, Funeral Director, corner -1 8th
and Wyalusing.

TOLEDO. OHIO.

Received from I. R. Innes, Lodge No. 612:

Dr. H. W. L. Kniscly. 3120 Front.
McKEES ROCKS. PA.

Received from James Nicodemus. Lodge No.
321:

Harry Birenkraut, Meat Market, 441 Island ave.

P. S. Jackson, Proprietor Shannon Restaurant.
106 Chartiers avenue.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS.

If your Journal Address is incorrect please fill out and forward this
form to D« L. CEASE^ 1207 American Trusty dereland^ O.
Change my Journal address to read:

Name Lodge No.-

Street and Number.

City

Date

State.

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NOTICE OF GRAND DUES ASSESSMENT No. 110
NOVEMBER, 1907. TWENTV>FIVE CENTS.

GRAND LODQB OP THE

Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen.

OFFICE OF GRAND SCCRCTARY AND TRCASURCR.

TO SUBORDINATE LODGES: Clsvilamd, Ohio. Oct. L 1907

_ Dbar Sirs and Brothiks: You are bersby notfflad that the amount ci Twenty-Flve

Cents for Grand Dues Assessment No. 110. for the month of November. 1 907. is due
from each and every member, and must be paid to the Financier before the first day of
November, 1907. A member fslline to make pajrment as herein required shall be-
come expelled without notice or action. See Section 126, Constitution Subordinate
Looees.

The Financier is required to forward said Assessment to the Grand Lodee before
Novembers. 1907, for each member on the roll, and
for members admitted or readmitted during the month of ^

November the Financier must send this Assessment with .j^-^^^JK
the report of admission as per Section 105, Constitution r^y^^^^ -' - m-

Subordinate Lodges. ' ^

Fraternally yours, wmvaamvimMU^

STATEMENT OF CLAIMS PAID DURING THg MONTH OF AUGUST, 1907

CLAIM. MAMB. LOOGB. PAID TO. ADURBSS. AMOUNT.

12614 M. Spraguc ' 1^7 Harry E. Dowdell, Adm., So. Amboy, N. J...$ 600.00

12850 Arthur Tarry 822 Wm. Tarry, Gdn., Toronto. Ont 1,860.00

12857 G. A. Wolfe 656 Tno. H. McCIay, Gdn., Lincoln. Neb 1.350.00

12929 Lee Moore 518 Lee Moore, Oswego, Kans 500.00

13018 Cbas. Cushman 296 Elvira Cusbman, Admx.. Pocatello, Ida 1,350.00

18028 M. R. Cookingham ...821 Maud and Angeline Cookingham. Olean, N. V. 1.350.00 *

18056 T. H. Starkey 684 Annie Starkev. Wilmerding, Pa 1.850.00

18066 G. H. Cullon 561 Margaret Cullon, Homestead, Pa 1,350.00

13062 T. M. Hamilton 14 Nellie Hamilton, Newton Ayr, Scotland 1,350.00

13098 B. J. McCue 669 Bvron T. McCue, Des Moines, la 1,850.00

18121 Jerry Pearsall 645 Nlary Pearsall. Round Rock, Tex 600.00

18126 T. E. McDonald 311 Cora McDonald, Salem, N. Y 1,850.00

18127 J. A. Alexander 160 Mary A. Alexander. Philadelphia, Pa 1,350.00

18128 A. Richards 324 Evan A. Richards, Morgan, Utah 1,860.00

18129 A. B. Brodhead 85 Irene M. Brodhead, Easton, Pa 1,000.00

18180 J. W. Rush 109 Sarah M. Rush, New Market, Ind 1,350.00

13181 Jno. H. Robinson . . .219 John Robinson, Newark, N. T 1,860.00

18132 f. Corcoran 266 A. J. Lucier, Gdn., Nashua, N. H 1,860.00

18133 Ben Meadows 454 Bettic Meadows. Milton, W. Va 1,360.00

18184 T. D. Smith 376 Bettie Morgan. Rocky Face, Ga 1.860.00

13186 C. A. McCoy 385 Slona E. McCoy. Wishart. Mo 1.860.00

18186 Alfred Wanless 896 Ida May Wanless, Chauncy, Ohio 1,360.00

18187 W. Mclntyre 527 Ellen Julian, Carlton Place, Ont 1.360.00

18138 J. H. Kroboth 21 J. H. Kroboth. Youngstown, Ohio 1.360.00

18139 J. M. Foley 807 Julia Foley, River Falls, Wis 1,860.00

18140 Geo. P. Marsden 66 Geo. P. Marsden, East Providence, R. I 1.860.00

13141 E. W. Taylor 660 May Taylor. St. Louis, Mo 600.00

18142 Thos. McGarry 197 Julia V. McGarry. New York. N. Y 1,850.00

18148 A. G. Coatcs 104 A. G. Coates. Centerville, la 1,860.00

13144 Geo. F. Rupp 219 Geo. F. Rupp, Newark, N. J 1,350.00

18146 L. W. Elliott 676 L. W. Elliott, St. Louis, Mo 1,860.00

18146 Arthur E. Gay 7 Mrs. A. Gay, Braddock, Pa 1.860.00

18147 Tno. O'Connor 423 Catherine A. O'Connor, Waterbury, Ct 1,860.00

13148 W. E. Ballinger 80 Louis H. Ballinger, Zanesville, Ohio 600.00

18150 L. H. Renecky 214 Eva G. Rcnecky, Algiers, La 1,850.00

13151 E. J. Bamerick 230 Edith Bamerick, Syracuse. N. Y 1.860.00

13162 H. E. Wilson 349 Eva Wilson, Tcxarkana, Ark 1,360.00

13168 M. O. Gardner 453 Ida Gardner, Baltimore, Md 500.00

13164 R. M. Baxter 169 Bertha M. Baxter, Newark, Ohio 1,860.00

18166 Jas. Sharrock 35 Estella C. Sharrock, Gallon. Ohio 1.850.00

13166 F. H. Huntzinger ...113 F. H. Huntzinger. Philadelphia. Pa 1.350.00

13167 Alonzo Burley 227 Ardclia Burlcy, Samia. Ont 1.35000

18158 Jas. O'Connor 428 Julia O'Connor, Waterbury. Conn 1,360.00

18159 J. C. Shook 573 Mary A. Shook, Springfield, Ohio 1,350.00

18160 A. F. Camp 435 A. F. Camp, Albion, Pa 1,860.00

18161 S. F. Wolfe 421 S. F. Wolfe, Dennison, Ohio 1.360.00

13162 C. L. Sherrard 646 C. L. Sherrard, Pueblo, Colo 1.360.00

13163 S. T. Hilborn 132 Ida M. Hilborn, Cleveland, Ohio 1,350.00

18164 J. A. Banister 437 Gena Banister, Learned, Miss 1,860.00

18166 G. F. Hill 658 G. F. Hill, Potosi, Mo 1,860.00

18166 C. E. Uglow 574 Emma Uglow, Admx., Bridgeport, Ct 1.850.00

13167 J. W. Shires 6*0 Edna Slifcr. Lewisburg, Pa 1,000.00

13168 T L. Hoover 251 J. L Hoover, North. S. C 600.00

18169 Thiras Tames 601 Martha Lerch, Rock Springs, Wyo 1,860.00

18170 T. L. Pritt 108 Louise Pratt. Gladstone, Mich 1,000.00

18171 C L. Ward 6^2 Mary M. Ward. Vanderbilt. Pa 1,860.00

18172 Gro. Ki'>«. Jr 118 tAura Kino^. Hartford, Conn 1.860.00

1S178 D. W. O'Connell 46 Michael J. O'Connell, Adm.. Terre Haute, Ind. 1.860.00

33174 H. J. McCartney 196 Josephine McCartney, Bellingham. Wash 1.860.00

13176 J. J. Sherman 24 Agnes Sherman, Galesburg, III 600.00

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The Passing Of Man

BY ADBLBBRT CLARK

The world is but a passing show,

A play with scenes of frost and lire ;
The plot is built of greed and gain,

And gold, the goal of man's desire.
It matters little who or what

The leading one my chance to be ;
If he is rich, he holds the stage, —

The others drift upon the sea I

It matters not, the future life,

At least to him who rules the day,
For in the mighty race for wealth,
Man finds but little time to pray.
But like Belshazzar who of old
* Beheld the fate upon the wall.
The leader with his wealth and pride
Will pass away —his shrine will fall.

The world is but a passing show.

That ends in scenes of hell and fire
Which man will blind himself against.

For fame and gold— his heart's desire !
But when the final act is played.

And manhood gone for Satan's sake,
I ween the leader's pride will flag.

When he shall see his dire mistake !

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TRAIN ENTERING BOX CANON, YOSEMITB VALLEY RAILWAY.

The railimy followi the wanderings of the Merced River from Merced to El Portal on the boandary line of the Naiioaal
Park. The icentry It aniarpaiied on thli continent.

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Pabllshad Monthly by the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen.
Bntared at tho poaUiAoo at Cleveland, Ohio, aa aaeond-olaae matter.

'• rt'j
-irf

D. L. CBASB
Editor and Managbb

Subscription Pricb
It.uu Per Year In Advamob

Vol. XXIV.

NOVEMBER 1907.

No. 11

British Employers' Liability Law.

5 HE British Workmen's Compen-
sation Act of .1906 became
effective on July 1st, 1907. As
yet there is nothing definite to
hapd of the operation of the bill other
than the several plans to insure employers
against loss through having to pay damages
to workmen coming under the provisions
of the law.

The British law covers what has always
been a stumbling block to general legisla-
tion in this country. When a law has been
proposed to a state legislature the large
employers have always outlined to the
small employers, and the farmers, their lia-
bility under the law and the employer of
one or two persons has always felt that the
operation of such a law would eventually
drive him out of business. The farmers
particularly were told of the dangers to
them. "Suppose your man falls off the
mower and is hurt or killed? It will be up
to you to pay him for injuries or his family
for his death." This has always been suffi-
cient argument with the farmer legislators
to head off anything proposed by the em-
ployes of large concerns carrying on a dan-
gerous business.

In Great Britain, almost everybody and
everything comes under the protection of
the law except co-operative societies. An
employer may dodge the law by making all
of his employes partners. The law also

works to the disadvantage of those who
may receive damages. For instance, a
workman may receive damages from his
employer and if his wife employs a maid
and she be injured he will have to pay
damages to the maid for three years to the
sum of almost one-fifth of his own in-
come. It can be seen how a few injured
maids would put him out of business, but it
is a far-sweeping law, enacted in the flush
of public desire for something it did not
exactly understand, and unless all signs fail
it will be modified if not abrogated alto-
gether.

Laws are never popular when they act
against the people who expected all the
benefit from them. When it is found out
by the man who looks for damages
that he also has to pay damages, greater
perhaps than he receives, the law will not
be so popular with the masses as it is sup-
posed to be.

But whether good or otherwise it has
caught everybody who employs labor and
everybody will have to stand for it until
the matter settles down to a more desirable
basis.

William E. Curtis, writing for the Chi-
cago Record-Herald, said of the law:

"By the king's most excellent majesty, by
and with the advice and consent of the
lords spiritual and temporal, and the com-
mons"— for that is the way all Jth/s laws of
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Great Britain begin — every employer in the
United Kingdom, whatever his business or
his station in life, will be required, after
July 1st, 1907, to pay indemnity for injures
suffered by any employe from disease, acci-
dent or other calamity that may overtake
him or her in the course of their employ-
ment. This is the effect and purpose of a
new law, entitled "an act to consolidate
and amend the law with respect to compen-
sation of workmen," and it is the second in
a series of extraordinary enactments by the
British Parliament in obedience to the de-
mands of the labor leaders who seem to be
having everything their way under the
present liberal government.

There has been for many years a law of
limited scope requiring that manufacturers,
mine owners and other large employers of
men in hazardous labor, shall continue the
payment of wages to workmen who are ill
or injured while in their employ, but the
new law extends that principle to all classes
of wage earners, to every soul in the King-
dom— man, woman or child-^who receives
a salary or wages less than $1,200 a year in
any occupation or any form of employment.
It includes curates and other clergymen,
college professors, school teachers, private
secretaries, newspaper editors and report-
ers, choir singers, chauffeurs, butlers,
coachmen, cooks, ladies' maids, farm hands,
sailors and even nurses, governesses, laun-
dresses, sewing women, char-women and
other "casual workers," as the new law de-
scribes them, who are employed by the job
or do the work in their own homes for
other people. For example, if a woman
takes home sewing or laundry work, or
anything of that kind, the person for whom
she is working becomes responsible for any
accident that may occur or for any disease
she may acquire while she is so engaged.
If a man should be injured or get sick
while putting in a load of coal or while
going on an errand, or repairing a roof,
or mending a window, or cleaning a chim-
ney, or doing a job of plumbing or tinker-
ing of any kind about a house, the owner
of that house will be required to support
him and pay his doctor's bill until he gets
well ; and, if he should die, to pay his "de-
pendent" heirs damages not to exceed the

amount of $1,500. Everybody comes under
the law who is working for wages in Great
Britain and Ireland, including all govern-
ment employes, except soldiers and sailors
in the navy, provided their pay is not
greater than $1,200 a year.

The most extraordinary feature of the
bill is paragraph C of section I, which
makes employers responsible for the neglect
and carelessness of their servants, and the
last clause reads;,

"If it is proved that the injury to a
workman is attributable to the serious and
wilful misconduct of that workman, any
compensation claimed in respect of that
injury shall, unless the injury results in
death or severe and permanent disablement,
be disallowed."

In other words, if a workman shall lose
his life or suffer permanent disablement by
any accident, his employer is compelled to
pay the lawful damages even when that
accident is due to the man's "serious and
wilful misconduct."

The act does not apply to co-operative
societies nor to those engaged in profit-
sharing enterprises, nor to members of the
crews of ships who have interests in the
vessel or in the cargo or in the earnings of
the vessel. In other words, a man may
protect himself against all claims for in-
demnity by admitting his employes to a
share in his profits— by making them his
partners.

A large class of persons who may seek
damag^es from others under this act may
themselves be compelled to pay damages to
others. As one of the London newspapers
says, "there is scarcely a person in the
kingdom who is not touched in some way
or other by the provisions of the law." A
clergyman, a clerk, a mechanic or any other
person who is not earning more than $1,200
a year is liable to share his income to the
extent of $250 a year with his cook or his
laundress or a carpenter or a plumber who
may be injured while working for him, or
by a man or boy who may be run over by an
automobile or a railway train while doing
an errand for him. A cook or a maid or
any other household servant who dies from
a disease acquired in service may cause her
employer to pay to her father or mother -

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939

or brother or sister a sum equal to her full
wages for three years. Nothing can be
collected, however, by employes who are
injured or become ill while enjoying a
holiday.

In England it is customary to insure
everything, and just now the insurance
companies are getting ready to protect all
employers of labor against the possible ap-
plication of this extraordinary law. The
practice of insurance is carried much fur-
ther than in the United States. You can
get a policy on a dog or a cat, a parrot or
a horse; you can insure your scarf pin or
your diamond necklace; you can protect
your property against burglary as well as
fire. Caterers who supply dinners or lunch-
eons to weddings and other functions in
the country are in the habit of insuring the
food, dishes, silverware and linen while it

is out of their sight, and if you will go
down to Lloyd's agency in London, where
all the insurance companies are represented,
you can hear some interesting stories of the
novel policies that have been written in
years past. Pianists and violinists have
insured their fingers and prima donni their
voices and ballet dancers their legs against
failing them. Since the adoption of the
new law many of the insurance companies
have been preparing to protect their patrons
against damages and indemnities that they
may be called upon to pay. A broad, new field
of profitable business has been opened.
Several of the companies have already
issued circulars and other advertisements
offering to assume risks. One of the cir-
culars calls attention to the fact that it is
"of greater importance to insure a curate
than a dog."

The Serb Immigrant.

BY FELIX J. KOCH.

|0 understand the mild-mannered
Serb immigrant, who is coming
in such numbers to our shores,
we shall have to take a step in
seven-league boots, far to the south of
Europe and then into the interior of Ser-
via.

Belgrade, the cosmopolitan, will hardly
suffice; we must go into the back-country.

There we may study our coming Amer-
ican. Furthermore, we will learn just why
he comes.

He seems contented, this Serb immi-
grant, here at home, in Greater Scrvia.
He talks entertainingly of his home con-
ditions.

Ever since June 11, 1903, he says Servia
has become a clear democracy. The battle
of the Radical party for over ten years
against the Obrenovitch family, ended with
the catastrophe in which Alexander and
Draga, tool-king and infamous queen, were
pitched out of the window, dead, in truly
Macbethan manner. The Radical party
used that moment for the proclamation of

the people's supremacy, and to raise the
Kara-George family to the throne, provid-
ing only that they should take a clear con-
stitution.

Servia is not a land of different classes
and positions. Instead, she is a purely ag-
ricultural country, where everything de-
pends on the peasant. Consequently, Servia,
little as the fact is known, possesses a rich
peasantry. Meantime its cities either stag-
nate or show that the growth is withheld.
For the State, as such, the peasant has no
understanding. When he comes to Amer-
ica, we need have little fear of his meddling
in our higher politics.

Rather, that a dollar or two will make
him vote as any demagogue may wish.

His ide^l of the state is half- romantic,
half communistic. His political program,
in fact, is quite easy. He wants in every
village an absolute freedom of election and
of politics, i. e., for his free community he
requires free police-power. Over these
communities there should be a king, of
middle age, with a crown upon bk head, j

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that impresses by its glitter, while the king
is mighty in the eyes of all the politicians
who prey upon these South-Slavs. Never-
theless, this king is to have as few rights as
possible, so that the peasant, through his
representatives, really rules. This idea has
hold of at least 87 per cent of the popula-
tion of Servia.

Another five per cent, officials and poli-
ticians principally, try to make use of it.
And still another eight per cent, notably the
city folk, have organized into what is

pie that the entire politics of Serria are
of most revolting and intolerable charac-
ter.

One wonders at this when he learns of
Kara-George, the king. Peter is a man of
extraordinarily great European education.
For fifty-eight years this member of the
Kara-George family lived in exile, and at
study, while the Obrenovitchs ruled in
Servia. Meantime he translated John
Stuart Mill's freedom and himself im-
bibed various socialistic ideas. When the

PEOPLE OP BELGRADE. SERVIA.
In holiday attire for the coronation of Peter I.

known as an Autoritaten party, but which
is really barren of result.

This political situation, however, is un-
savory, as the democratization of the na-
tion has brought the power into the hands
of the peasants, of whom at least sixty per
cent can neither read nor write. So the
demagogues and th« revolutionists get full
play; people fear for their lives and, by
and by, go to enrich the steamship com-
panies with whom our immigration officials
are in sympathy, and come to our shores.
So impressionable, in fact, are these peo-

t rouble arose in Bosnia and the Herze-
govina, Peter, the hey-duke, rushed to
the head of an insurgent company where,
under the name of the Voivode Merkomiza,
he soon threw the Turks into fright Even
today, in Bosnia, they sing of his heroism
to the gusla's notes.

How Peter came in on a whirl of dyna-
mite is too recent a story to be recalled
here. But under him the nation began to
develop and yet immigration goes on just
the same; for Peter, too, has his troubles.
It is difficult in two years to correct the

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941

failures of many, due to bad kings and bad
politics. Nevertheless, the land is being
helped by the richness of its soil, and its
increasing commerce.

But what is driving folk from Servia and
from all other Balkan states, is the matter
of the military, the curse of south Europe.
Everywhere in the Balkans one hears of
the heritage of the "Sick Turk," but the
Turk is already sick two hundred years,
and may be "sick" another two centuries
before he goes to his grave in Europe.
Meantime the little Christian states of the

states have no industry, and must buy
everything that is used for their army in
other countries, they grow ever deeper and
deeper in debt, to London and Paris, where
the loans are secured.

If Uncle Sam were a money lender he
could keep the Serbs at home, and put his
money into investments at great profit.
Give Servia the money and she would build
another railroad. Then, instead of her ex-
ports being seventy million francs a year,
they would increase to a hundred and twen-
ty or a hundred and fifty. The country is

WOMEN OF BELGRADE. SERVIA.

Balkans, independent but twenty-five to
fifty years, have been unable to advance,
for money which should be used other-
wise, in development, must go to buy muni-
tions and keep up an army.

Servia, which has a debt of about half a
milliard of francs, with a yearly budget of
eighty-two million francs, is forced to con-
tinually get new loans, for more munitions
of war, and this false politics must but end,
of course, in financial catastrophe, — unless
a nation is particularly well prepared.

Not only that, but as the little Balkan

rich, the arable land not scattered. The
greatest part of Servia is already under
cultivation.

Unfortunately, the peasant knows nothing
of the higher methods of cultivation. Still
it is almost unbelievable, in the past few
years the advance he has made. Especially
in the Morada Valley is this true, where
fruit trees have been planted and whence
plums are now exported to Berlin and
Leipzig. Then, too, the land would be rich
in honey and in silk, but there is little done
to educate the people in these arts.

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GIRLS OF BELGRADE, 8ERVIA.

The two and a half million Serbs have a kan war in 1885 there was a battle, in fact,
future before them if only they will break at this place. Now Jiey vise your pass-
off from their militarism. port here to enter Bulgaria and there is a

You want to see how they live there in customs examination if you come into
Servia, how the homes are "before they Servia by this route. Here, too. you change
come." your watch from south European time to

Let's get off the railway say at Tsari- that of mid-Europe, an hour earlier,
brod; that is a typical hamlet. In the Bal- The village is very small and is sur-

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943

rounded by cabbage fields. In these mari-
golds of many varieties blossom, starring
the valley enclosed by the mountains.

There' is a little restaurant near the de-
pot and there you dine. There is veal roast
and cabbage, green tomatoes, served s6ur,
and fresh wine. The meal costs you a
quarter, and tips are un-dreamt of.

The population here is a mixture of Serb
and of Bulgar strains, and the language a
dialect derived from both tongues.

You change your money into that of
Servia, and walk through the town. There
is one main, muddy street, lined with one-
story, white plaster-exteriored houses, of
one to three rooms each. All of these have
the red slanted roof familiar to travelers in
the Levant.

Outside, on benches, almost in the street,
the best part of the population is sitting.
The women knit, the men sip the Turkish
coffee at tables here in the King's highway,
or else they reai and smoke while the chil-
dren play about. There is a peddler of
the Turkish delight or jujube paste, in the
road, that is all.

A few of the houses have stores, — little
bits of shops. The greatest industry, how-
ever, is the selling of geese, which are
brought in by the peasants. "Goose liver
pastelles'* are not made. It is a village of
farmers only, there is no industry per se.
A branch bank and a bakery are the main
sights; those and the mountains circling
about.

Peasants in long, white flannel jac«cets,
edged in black, white trousers, and great
red belts, together with round white caps,
eye us curiously. Many of these are ama-
teur sportsi;nen. Children are everywhere,
for a Serb wife must bear children in order
to inherit her share in her husband's dow-
ry, otherwise she gets but a child's share,
and that only so long as she doesn't re-
marry.

The government has an office in the de-
pot. Even the officials, however, long to
come to America.

Why.'* Because "there is opportunity in
our country."

That is the story everywhere; the cause,
in Servia.

Foreign Encroachment.

BY PROF. EZRA G. GRAY.

llSTORY does not entertain us
with any aggressiveness on the
part of China elevating labor or
the laborer. The pristine vast-
ness of that empire will never again reach
its former greatness, which is now only a
memory. The power of that nation, as a
nation, is destroyed. True, the present
generation is jealous of its peculiar —
almost exclusive — manufactures and pro-
ductions, and merely is it generous to be-
lieve that the Czar, in entering the empire,
hoped only to secure a field wherein his
own subjects might install their industries
to greater profit, though it is doubtful
whether he would have entertained any
such thought unless his imperial supremacy
was to be further exalted.
There was no nobility of purpose in the

Mikado's course. He saw his opportunity
to crush his neighbor, China, and at the
same time strike a blow over her prostrate
form at his more distant foe. His reason
was, in reality, simply and wholly impe-
rial, and in dealing the blow to Russia he
caught an over-confident antagonist, Nicho-
las, who shaped his own words and actions
less effectually than did the Mikado himself
in lulling suspicion and concealing his real
intentions, thus manifesting an absence of
craftiness that was taken advantage of by
his assailant's brilliant cunning, both, how-
ever, paying dearly in the loss of men and
money — the Czar for not keeping faith with
his people, the Mikado for enlarging his
ambition.

It must be conceded that Japan is an in-
telligent nation, but not a world power

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mighty in the science of physical and in-
ventive attack and defense, as some day
she will realize, as also that her victories
over China and Russia were but fruits of
fortune, and hot triumphs of modern sci-
ence. To an ordinary observer she is in-
sincere in her participation for international
peace. The cost of her recent wars is
still a cloud of weight in her financial
heavens. The interest on her debt is being
paid, but the principal is so slowly accru-
ing from her internal resources that, to
avoid ultimate taxation, her population is
perceptibly decreasing. Still, her ambition

enact, in doctrine or scheme, the laws of
another, but it cannot demand or require
compliance therewith except by those who
are or may come under its jurisdiction.
Because, however, he is in our midst, the
stranger or citizen — even friend — has no
right to enter our domicile, sit at our table,
eat of the food thereon or share with us
our bed unless we so consent. Nor can we
compel the President to accept or grant
any of these privileges. The smile would
not come off the world's countenance were
we to order the Pope to proselyte in favor
of Protestantism, or the King of England

WELL-TO-DO CITIZENS, BELGRADE. 8ERVIA.

is not satisfied. Existing affairs are not
to her pleasure. Until they are, more
worlds must be conquered.

Well, justice assigns to every one that
which is his own, and equity forbids us
doing to or for others what we would not
have them do for or to us. Through dis-
cretion we look at the present, and by pru-
dence guard against what may result, in
any moment, in good or evil. By no rea-
soning whatever have we right to violate
established law or demand what it neither
gives nor guarantees. Any country may

to journey to our home ward and cast his
vote for our political choice. It is the
choice of the Frenchman to learn our lan-
guage or teach us his — the acquirement is
simply a matter of choice, for the native
tongue is invariably supreme.

To permit the children of Japan, says
the San Francisco Clarion, to mingle with
the children of our own people is a matter
clearly within the rights of a sovereign
state, which is correct and constitutionally
right. It would be the height of folly to
claim a state's people are under obligation

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945

to tax themselves for the purpose of teach-
ing our supreme language, to those not con-
versant with it, as a duty obligatory upon
us and upon demand of the government to
which they owe and give allegiance, espe-
cially when the presence of such pupils
might not, as the Clarion further says, be
desired or result in conditions creating or
cementing friendly international relations.
No one will hardly credit the belief that
anything like the Western situation would
be permitted by or in any other city or
state of the Union. A department of our
own government has officially said that
there is a tendency — how completely con-
crete it is, as yet, difficult to determine —
toward displacing, by the Asiatic, not only
from American schools in America, the
American child, but his parent— the white
workman — from the labor field. In no
vague terms it declares that, though living
side by side, the two nationalities— the Jap-
anese and the Americans — "are separated,
one from the other, by every possible bar,"
the latter differing from the former "in
race, color, servitude and conditions, in re-
ligion, moral ideals, ethical tastes and
social and personal associations." Of this
there is no doubt; nor that our thought is
higher, our expression purer, our aspira-
tions prompted by no gain or conceit, nor
by our ambition for superiority or power.
Truly, our endeavor has been, and is, as
the nations, and particularly Japan, knows,
for honorable peace, broad philanthropy
and enduring prosperity. Another critic,
bolder in racial and national denunciation,
courageously asserts, very truthfully, that
we have no possible relation nor agreement,
absolutely nothing in common with either
China or Japan, or their people; that if it
is just to exclude one it is right to bar the
other. Neither the history nor the tra-
ditions of either country or people imitate
the liberality or wisdom of our laws or
give us desire for companionship with
them with even a hope of any distinguish-
ing pleasure. While these are restless ut-
terances, they are, nevertheless, the voice
of loyalty to home government and citizen-
ship and point to a just and proper reason
for native preference and position, and in
themselves form a stronger incentive for

the white, or native race, to assert its in-
herent rights.

However, there is a fault, if not a blame,
somewhere, and it may be consistently
asked if labor unions are justified in ac-
cepting the marked and antagonistic races
as co-workers and members when it is gen-
erally known that both China and Japan
would not hesitate to — perhaps do — dis-
criminate by law and treaty against the
negro of the South, who, under our consti-
tion, is a rightful citizen. Still more seri-
ous is the fact that, instead of benefiting
the country and the American workman,
American employers, American capital,
and, by encouraging the preference, the
American government are giving employ-
ment to the coolie because of his cheap-
ness and his willingness to accept service,
though the vagrant knows that the pay is
so small that only for his hovel-like way
of living could he barely subsist upon it

Not in the least alarming, but decidedly
objectionable and injurious, is the opening
of the gates of immigration to this "unde-
sirable" class of people. It was Washing-
ton's motto, "Put none but Americans on
guard." And a later statesman said,
"Our forefathers formed the Constitution
of the United States for the American citi-
zen, the American farmer, the American
manufacturer and the American workman
and the producer, to each and to all of
whom its liberties and privileges belong,"
and our Western guardsman, the Clarion,
declares, "American workmen will never
bother Japan." The free admission of
Japanese coolies would inevitably result
in the destruction of American civilization,
in an industrial sense, and if we are legally
and constitutionally right in excluding, as
"undesirable citizens," the coolies of China
and Japan, the same instrument will — at
least it should — justify us in excluding
them as impositions upon our means of
livelihood.

Frankly, it seems evident that Japan is
alertly seeking a basis for a charge of
"tense, unjustifiable deprivations in viola-
tion of treaty rights" due her resident
subjects who are here or may come here,
rights which are not, however, asked by
other powers or given or guaranteed by

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the Constitution or the laws of the United
States or any of its constituencies to other
than its own citizens.

Curiously, too, it may be inquired if the
emigration from Japan is honestly seeking
here a better livelihood and a higher edu-
cation than is attainable in their native
land, and in view of their government's
probable financial inability to be a bor-
rower with credit in the money marts of
the world, it may be generous to assume
the incoming throng entertains such hope.

Though hardly probable, it must be ad-
mitted that our government may have
signed a treaty without sharply discrimina-
ting on the various senses and shades of
words, sentences and paragraphs, or screen-
ing them for hidden injury. Equally re-
grettable is the lax enforcement and sur-
reptitious availing of our immigration arid
other laws bearing upon the presence and
privileges of every foreign element in or
coming within our borders. The American
people should not always be accepted, at
home or abroad, as a satisfied class. They
can be trusted for their superior experi-
ence, relied upon for clear intelligence,
their knowledge of vast affairs is not to be
despised, they hold to that which is good

and fight with sublime courage and awful
determination everything, in whatever
form it is, that threatens or attacks their
personal or national honor, and when their
patience or indulgence or generosity is im-
posed upon, it is then they show the hero-
ism, the strength and the massiveness of
their mind and action, and call a halt

Of this remarkable class the American
workman is overwhelming'y in the ma-
jority and the major part of this greater
number is predominated by members of or-
ganized, or union labor, and so far as this
preponderance is concerned it is the same
the world over — a body whose conscience
tells them their cause is right, and for the
right, powerful for good, powerful against
evil. It is the power of Labor, and it is for
Labor and its leaders to "bend their ener-
gies to a greater extent than in the past,"
and by stepping into the field of diplomacy,
state or political, to "do better and nobler
things, to gain better conditions" for the
industrial world, demanding concessions
guaranteeing the welfare of the people at
large, yielding to no capital or corporation
— only to reason — and thus show that
Labor is, indeed a world power.

Clinging To Our Own Sins.

JOSB GROS.

I MYRIAD of men are born.
They labor and sweat and
struggle for bread; they squab-
ble and scold and fight; they
scramble for little mean advantages over
each other; age creeps upon them, infirmi-
ties follow; shames and humiliations bring
down their prides and their vanities ; those
they love are taken from them, and the joy
of life is turned to aching grief. The bur-
den of pain, care, misery, grows heavier
year by year; at length ambition is dead;
longing for release is in their place. It
comes at last — the only unpoisoned gift
earth ever had for them, and they vanish
from a world where they were of no con-

sequcnre, where they achieved nothing,
where they were a mistake and a failure
and a foolishne'ss. There they have left
no sign that they have existed — a world
which will lament them a day and forget
them forever. Then another myriad takes
their place and copies 2i}\ they did, and
goes along the same profitless road, and
vanishes as they vanished — to make room
for another and another and a million other
myriads to follow the same arid path
through the same desert and accomplish
what the first myriad and all the myriads
that came after it accomplished — nothing."
— Mark Twain's autobiography in North
American Review, recent date.

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That real and positive view of human life
has never interfered with the spiritual di-
gestion of most of our good people of the
optimist type. Their philosophy of history
has always been as follows: "The many
billions of people who have failed in life
owe that to their own ignorance or badness.
Plenty of other people have done very well,
succeeding in the performance of consid-
erable good conducive to great improve-
ments. History is packed full with their
names and exploits. So let us be merry
that tomorrow we shall die and obtain our
eternal life.'*

tion we still see fit to have, we who suc-
ceed and happen to be better fellows than
the rest, as we but imagine to be.

We also have the philosophy of theolo-
gians and pietists. They assume that most
if not all the crimes of civilization are de-
creed by the wisdom of God, and that He
will stop all human nonsense when .He
thinks best. We have inherited that blas-
phemous philosophy from the heathen re-
ligions. It is very handy. It allows us to
do what we like, no matter how stupid and
fatal to all of us it may be, in relation to
the high joys we could have.

SBRB SOLDIERS, BELGRADE, SERVIA.

That philosophy is essentially pharisaical
and conceited. Then it assumes a wisdom
and judgments that belong to God. The
correctness of that optimistic philosophy
has never been proved. It is disproved by
the whole chapter of Matthew xxiv. It
overlooks the fact that our human glorifi-
cations and our historical vainglories may
not be ratified nor endorsed by the histori-
cal records in the heavens beyond. All
glorifications adopt the philosophy of Cain,
decline to be the keeper of the multitudes
destroyed by the sickly and crazy civiliza-

If the Christianity of Jesus is wofth any-
thing, it must give us the simple processes
by which to solve any of the 10,000 prob-
lems that our wild imagination may see fit
to concoct in the course of history, and as
long as we prefer that kind of imagination
to a sensible one. We* do keep solving
problems, after a fashion, but do it by new
concoctions of good and evil, and never by
the application of Christ's simple and prac-
tical teachings. And so problems and evils
remain, under different names and manifes-
tations. And a wave comes her^and there
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with a little improvement, and another
comes now and then, with something worse
than ever before, even if some incidental
improvement remains in some corner of
our complicated and crooked progress.

For over six thousand years have we
been improving government without com-
mencing at the beginning, that is without
trying to learn the natural and essential
distinction between honesty and dishonesty,
sound or senseless governmental functions
and duties. What is it that government
has the right to do, and what is it that
government has no right to do? There we
have the question that has never been hon-
estly, scientifically or Christianly answered.
We have not even dared yet to ever ask
that question. We all are still affraid of
an honest answer, in opposition to our
fatalistic and anti-Christian religious preju-
dices and sentimentalities.

In all the important finalities of life, hu-
manity still 4nanages to go on like an im-
mense flock of manikins handled by the
whims of the collective selfishness and god-
less ambitions of most of our superior peo-
ple at the head of the supposed best nations,
and religious groups, and lame, foolish re-
form movements reforming nothing and
prolonging the tragedy of life. Humanity
remains thus hitched to the chariot of the
prince of darkness. And still the people
have received from God and nature the
right and power to establish a sensible
social status over all the nations of the
earth. It has to be done under certain
simple, fixed principles of equal rights to
all. It cannot be done by any trick against
divine laws. That has been tried long
enough, but we shall no doubt keep trying
it much longer.

The physical slavery of some men to
other men is bad enough, but not one-tenth
as much as the self-imposed physical and
spiritual slavery of all of us to laws of
barbarism and folly as our distorted pro-
gress is yet inflicting upon the whole race,
no matter how much some of us may suc-
ceed in that success so admirably adapted
to universal sorrow and moral turpitude.

not far from universal. That was the kind
of slavery or bondage to which Christ re-
ferred in his answer to the Pharisees when
they claimed to be free men. We are all
yet the servants of sin, of organic and le-
galized sin, far worse than any transient,
isolated, inorganic sins in forms individual-
ized, and which are only prolonged, in the
life of humanity, by the permanent, all per-
vading organic sins in the life of nations.

We can only attain fundamental percep-
tions of human life and the duties it carries,
conveys, imposes upon all of us, by taking
full, round, bold views of this life of ours
and the universe around. And by this life
of ours we don't mean the few or many
years we have on earth. Even the longest
earthly life is but an insignificant atom of
the one we may have somewhere else. We
yet imagine that we can neglect our fun-
damental duty to God and humanity by
manufacturing hundreds of petty duties
with which to justify that neglect. There
we have the crazy conception of all ages
and religions thus far. We still endeavor
to grasp the Old and New Testament, not
for the purpose of actualizing the plain,
simple, practical teachings there,~but sim-
ply to excuse ourselves from all collective
and personal transgressions of them, in the
essentials of our own existence and activi-
ties. We have acquired the vile habit of
splitting life into fragments, take a few of
them, and formulate final conclusions in
such a way as to disregard and lay aside
"The full brotherhood we owe to each other
and to God." Nothing can make no for the
absence of that We thus rob men and
God out of what we most solemnly owe to
God and to men. As we all have to pay
something for that crime on earth, so we
may have to pay something in the beyond,
to the measure of what we did fail to do
for the suppression of that crime, and
could have done. Then what about the
ineffable joys we lose on earth by simply
fulfilling incidental duties and repudiating
the most essential one, due to men and to
God? And all because — "clinging to our
own sins!"

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949

Garment Workers At Home.

BY EDITH WYATT.

|N the northwest side of Chicago,
between Larrabee street, Goethe
street and the river, there is a
region of small frame houses,
with an occasional larger cottage of roofed
porches, or more pretentious brick dwell-
ing, left as landmarks of the days before
the city had engulfed the prairie town.

The houses stand by a whole floor be-
neath the level of the sidewalk and of the
street roadbed raised about ten feet above
the marshy river bottoms. As you walk
along here with the State Factory Inspec-
tors, you will notice pressed close to the
windows of these houses haggard, sick-
looking Sicilian and South Italian women
sewing anxiously and closely surrounded
by two or three very listless, wriggling
beautiful little children as filthy as possible
and generally with sore mouths from
under-nourishment.

Their mother is helping to support the
little family through the winter by the
hand-sewing necessary to complete the
ready-made garments given to her by the
middleman from factories and workshops.
For much of the "home finishing" of the
enormous garment trade clothing, almost
all Chicago, is done in this neighborhood;
and the heaviest weight of the burden of
that great industry drops just here, on this
anxious Italian mother sewing by the win-
dow for the fortunes of her house.

She is the housekeeper and at this sea-
son of the year the chief bread-winner, not
only for all the little round black heads
you see around her and for her husband
but often for a brother, or for a superan-
nuated father or mother of about 45.

If you go inside the house the husband
will bring chairs for everyone, and give
you his, to sit on an unmade bed under a
holy picture hanging on the scarred, filthy
wall.

You will have come in on a well-man-
nered little group of people doing as well
as they can, jammed together in a close.

ill-smelling room, fluttering with hastily
and badly washed, damp underclothes,
crowded with half-sick, restless babies, and
scattered with piles of finished and unfin-
ished trousers and the remnants of a cold
dinner, bread-crumbs, banana peels and
sour pickle drippings.

On the doors of two or three of the
houses you will notice the ravelled strips
of rag left by the scarlet fever or diph-
theria fumigators. Sometimes a swaddled
baby is lying, crying, under the sewing, on
his mother's knees. Your hostess, bending
over to nurse him, and stitching anxiously
at the same time, will say politely to you
that it is not very nice there today. But she
has had no chance to clean.

Not she nor any other person finishing
ten pairs of pants a day — at seven cents a
pair— could possibly do very much besides ;
and she does not dare to stop doing it.

Through two and half days spent with
the State Factory Inspectors in this neigh-
borhood you would see almost continuously
houses where the standard of living de-
scribed above typically prevails.

West of the North branch of the river,
on Blackhawk and Noble streets, neap the
St. Stanislaus school and the great Polish
Catholic churches, in the most crowded
district of Chicago, a great deal of the
hand-finishing of ready-made garments is
done by Polish women.

Walking along Noble street on a holy
day afternoon with the Probation Officer
we met one of these workers, an acquaint-
ance, a woman with bright dark eyes and
thin, curling black hair, in excellent health
and warmly dressed in a brown plush cape,
with a little Shetland shawl over her head,
on her way to mass. She has a family of
six children and her husband earns $2 a
day.

She stopped to ask us about her oldest

boy — a wild boy, gone from home several

days ago, whom not his teachers nor the

police had been able to find. Had we seen

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HOME FINISHING.

lUlUnfl tix ycftri in the United States. Haflb«od, wife and four children liTe in four rooms. Wife does p«nts finishing;

twenty, thirty, thirty-six sod forty cents per dozen. Sanitary conditions O. K.

Frank? No? Well, she couldn't take care
of him at home any longer. He was too
bad. It would be better to have him locked
up somewhere else, no matter where. We

all spent some wretched silent moments.
Frank was a child of less than 14 and this
was his own mother.
After a little while we sajd that J had

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been coining to ask her about her sewing,
because I was trying to find out what I
could about the trade of hand-finishing at
home, all over Chicago. Instantly her face
relaxed and brightened. Sometimes she
could earn 36 cents a day, sometimes she
could earn 42. Unlike her Italian neigh-
bors, she was paid by the dozen pairs of
trousers instead of ty the pair; and her
work on each pair was less it seemed than
theirs in both quantity and skill. She liked
the occupation; and in the course ot" quite
a long conversation on the subject, said,
in the tone of one telling a good joke at
her own expense, that sometimes "when
she got to sewing pants she let the dishes
go without wash a whole week."

Among the numberless "home-finishers** in
the vicinity whom you might visit, you
might call on a very pretty Polish girl of
about 18, playing with a very pretty Polish
baby in a clean, light rear tenement on Em-
ma street. She is very proud of her baby ;
and on account of a prosperous husband
she is in a position where she sews only
when she cares to, which is not very often,
making at most about 24 cents a day by
finishing pants at 6 cents a pair.

Perhaps the points of view of these two
mothers on the subject of "home-finishing"
will illustrate as justly as possible the vari-
ous relations of home wage-earning to
housekeeping in that particular neighbor-
hood.

Down near Eighteenth street and Blue
Island avenue, in the Bohemian district,
stretching east and west of the quarries,
another Polish woman is sewing at home,
doing far more work for much less money
than the girl on Emma street receives.

This worker in the Bohemian district haS
5 cents a pair for finishing pants. She not
only does on each pair far more sewing
than the girl who receives 6 cents, but
nearly as much as an Italian woman on
Morgan street, who has 15.

For because the industry has no trade
organization, the rates paid have absolutely
no uniformity nor justice.

Besides, the Polish woman in the Bo-
hemian district near the quarries has three
little children. Her husband has been
dead .two years. Doing her utmost by

sewing from 9 in the morning until 9 at
night, in the intervals of hurried house-
work, she makes 20 cents a day; and the
price, which would mean a few extra
pleasures to the girl on Emma street,
means the hardest poverty for her. But
for various kind of hand-to-mouth assist-
ance, strange and unaccustomed to her
self-respect, this wage would of course
mean starvation for her whole little family.

Near Twentieth street and California
avenue, in this same large Bohemian dis-
trict, there is a region of waste lands, rail-
road tracks and small frame houses, known
among Bohemian school children as "Ces-
ky California." Here we called on a home-
worker finishing by machine sewing.

She told us she could earn 60 cents a day
by stitching coats at 10 cents each; and
she was supporting herself and her little
boy of 8, whom she wished to support
much better. He was the only one left of
eight children born within seven years. She
was not very strong, so that she was
obliged to stop from giddiness several
times a day to lie still for a little while.
In this way she would sew until 1 at night.
It was a poor way of getting on; but she
knew of no method of bettering things, for
she knew nothing at all about Chicago,
where she had lived beside the railroad em-
bankment for two years, sewing on the
machine, as she described.

Indeed, no matter how able or sensible
or friendly she may be, a woman earning a
wage at home, confined as she is usually
within the limits of a foreign household,
has no opportunity of learning anything
outside of it and works almost always in
complete hopelessness of any advance in
the field of her labor.

The Bohemian hand-finishing district is
very large, reaching as far as the west lim-
it of Chicago, West Fortieth avenue. To
this nationality and in this farthest region
the most prosperous and most skilled
workers in the trade seem to belong.

The highest economic level reached by
garment workers at home may fairly be
said to be represented typically by a Bo-
hemian family near this neighborhood — a
family consisting of a father, mother, six
children and a sister-in-law, all now in

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good health and living in a mortgaged ing till after 10 at night. The sister-in-law,

house of their own, scrupulously clean. though now well, has not, except when she

In three years they have saved $600, in- was in bed, stopped her work for anjrthing

z
h

z
<

vested in this house, with a $1,500 mort- else even during the long periods while she
gage. But the father and the sister-in-law has been ill with erysipelas. All the chil-
stitch from before 6 o'clock in the morn- dren help before and after school, stagger-
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ing down-town with heavy piles of coats;
and the mother sews whenever she is not
cleaning or cooking.

On the West Side along Halsted street,
for a mile south of the Blue Island avenue
intersection, at about 5 o'clock, you will
notice old women and young women and
little girls walking along the pavements
with high piles of clothing on their shawled
heads.

Among the many neighborhood house-
holds where these piles of clothing go are
the orderly rooms of an English-speaking
Italian woman with two children of about
10 and 12, one of them, her little girl, at
home from school^ pale and ill with an
open tubercular gland.

Her husband, just recovering from an ill-
ness, has been unable to find work ; and the
only regular daily income at present of
these four people, with their little girl in
life and death need of eggs and milk, is 30
cents, the price paid here for fini^ing the
dozen pairs of pants the family can send
out when the little boy sews on buttons,
and the mother works till midnight.

Some of the piles of clothing go to a
very old, childless couple Jiving, with a
Maltese and a tortoise-shell cat, practically
under the sidewalk on Jefferson street, in
the cellar of a tumbling shanty. The cold
comes sharply through the thin siding;
and there is literally only a plank between
the damp Illinois marsh and these four
breathing, if scarcely living, creatures.

The old lady, with a black crocheted
shawl over her rough white hair, and a
face cruelly lined with hardship and sub-
missiveness, has only one thin broken shoe
and a boy's boot. She and her husband, a
large clumsy old Italian, with a gray beard,
sew together all day on knee pants to earn
about 30 cents. But they are not always
able to find work and they pay $6 a month
rent. These "home-finishers" seemed in
some respects to be in the hardest luck we
had yet encountered.

Perhaps the most hopeful moments we
experienced with anyone of that trade in
Chicago occurred during a visit to an
Italian hostess, who had a new baby and
whose husband had work. She offered us
some candy and nut-paste left from the

christening feast; and said that, what with
the washing for the baby and all, they had
decided she wasn't going to do pants-sew-
ing any more. It was too hard on every-
one. At this, the breath of relief itself,
blew on everyone, and we all ate infected
christening candy in peace and pleasure.

In thinking over these, and the other
home-finishers more or less like these in
economic condition, all over Chicago, near
St Stanislaus church, near the quarries, in
"Cesky California," on the Northwest Side,
and in the Greek-Italian neighborhood, you
will ask yourself, what was the most
ameliorative feature of the whole scattered,
unfocused situation, for its future?

You will ask this question of the State
inspectors, the trained nurse, and doctors,
the truant and probation officers, the mem-
bers of the Woman's Trade Union League,
and the teachers in public schools and set-
tlements who have at different times ac-
companied you on your visits, and who
have for years watched from different
points of view the various forms of social
waste involved in the home-finishing in'
dustry.

You will hear, and will think yourself,
that th^ conditions of that industry might
be improved if a sanitary license were re-
quired for pursuing it, and more factory
inspectors were appointed, so that the
state office might have the means of know-
ing the number and locality of the home-
finishers and larger facilities for proceed-
ing against the spread of contagious dis-
ease by these means ; if a trade union were
organized among home-finishers so that
their present payment might be more justly
regulated than it is at present ; if an Italian
employment bureau were established so
that Italian workmen could find work with-
out first paying a padrone; and if the build-
ing laws were fully enforced in every dis-
trict in the city.

But even supposing that these measures
were carried out, still every home-finisher,
bearing, nursing and taking care of her
children and at the very same time and
place trying to earn a wage, would always
be overborne to the very farthest Innit of
human endurance.

These greatly needed measures for pub-

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lie sanitation, and for the income of the
"home-finisher's" family, would help her,
herself, only indirectly, and mainly by pav-
ing the way for the city's doing what was
done by the Italian workman who turned
factory labor out of his own house, where
it was an unnautral intruder, back to the
factory, which was its right and normal
habitation.
According to the most careful wisdom

the writer has been able to assemble on
the subject a really vital improvement in
the present "home-finishing" field will fin-
ally be realized only through a municipal
ordinance abolishing garment-making, in
whole or in part, for purposes of trade
from the dwelling houses where, while it
stays, it must inevitably struggle to down
all the human comforts of the worker's
family life.

The Human Side Of The Work Shop.

"And the right of a man to labor and his right to labor enjoy

Not all your laws can deny that righ, ror the gates of hell destroy,**

BERTHA POJJ..

Charities and Thr C commons.

IVEN her voice was common-
place. There was no helpless
droop to the square little figure
sitting bolt upright on the stiff
kitchen chair. Blue glasses hid whatever
intelligence there might have been in her
large dark eyes, square determined chin,
gray unhealthy skin and low forehead with
hght colorless hair brushed neatly back and
twisted tightly in a stiff knot.

"Ever since the doctor told me," she said
in an even monotone, "I've sat here think-
ing. Keeping company with myself I call
it, and when a woman has lived all of
twenty-two years and had a boy like my
Billy, she's got something worth thinking
about."

The light from the small window fell
full on her stolid face. The door was
open, but very little air penetrated the nar-
row alley and into the dark basement
room.

"My mother was a factory girl, too,"
she went on quietly, "and 1 guess she felt
about her baby same as 1 feel about Billy.
Only there wasn't a higher wage for dan-
gerous machinery then and a woman had
to work overtime when she wanted to save
money. Poor mother! She never had her
baby after all.

"At fourteen I went to work in the fac-

tory. Perhaps if I'd had some of the time
I've got now I'd have thought more and
things would have been different. I don't
know. I loved Jim, and he loved me. It's
only for Billy's sake I wish ihere'd been
a ring.

"You'd have thought Jim would be
crazy over that kid. He was the cutest
baby, with little pink toes and one brown
curl soft in his neck. I never couli keep
my hands off that curl. But Jim was mad.
He left town 'bout that time, and I've
never seen him since. I didn't mind for
myself, but I think he ought to have stuck
by the kid.

"I went back to the factory after that.
They paid me six dollars a week. It
wasn't much for three people, but I'm not
over quick and it was all I was worth,
I guess. Father minded Billy, so we got
along pretty well.

"How that boy grew. He was the smart-
est kid, and quick — When he was a year
old he could creep anywhere. There was
a home in the country that would board
him for two dollars a week. It would be
better for Billy to grow up there where
there's trees, and flowers and grass, than
here in the basement with me, but two dol-
lars— I worried a lot about that money.
The night I got a job at the corner fac-

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tory, I guess I was the happiest woman in
Chicago.

**Yes, I knew the work was risky, but
do you suppose I cared about danger when
seven dollars a week meant swell air and
country for Billy? The long close room
meant a field of green cool grass — the noise
of the machines, meant birds singing, and
the hot acid smells, meant growing things
—all for Billy.

"The work itself wasn't hard. They
didn't have no guards and sometimes the
acid burnt my hands and splashed up in
my face. But there was nobody to care
but Billy, and he didn't mind the marks.

"It was the day of our last half holi-
day. My, but it was hot! I had been
working three months then, and that after-
noon I was going to the country. My
ticket was in my pocket, and I felt it fdr
sure more than fifty times that morning.
I was going to lie on the real grass and
hear the real birds sing and smell the real
growing things — I was going to see Billy.
But you have to have a kid to know about
that part of it.

"Perhaps I was too quick, but all of a
sudden I felt a stinging in my eyes and
then the next thing I knew I was in a
dark room and there were cool cloths on
my eyes and a nurse was talking to me.

"That was three months ago. The doc-
tor pretended at first that it was going

to come all right, but I think I always
really knew. It wasn't much of a shock
when he said, 'Blind for life.'

"The factory lawyer came to see me
yesterday. He says they're insured against
liability, whatever that means, and I've
got to sue a big insurance company, that's
got I don't know how many millions, but
enough to beat me, I guess. He wants me
to compromise and drop the suit. I asked
him if he'd sell his eyes for twenty-five
dollars? Why, I'd give that for just one
look at the dimples on Billy's back.

"No, I'm going to fight, and fight hard.
Oh, there's no chance to win, I know that
well enough. It's for the other girls I'm
doing it. As long as the factory thinks
eyes can be bought for twenty-five dollars,
they won't do any different. We're all a
machine with them, and when a part gets
broke they buy a new part and what can't
be used is thrown away. But Billy is
thrown away, too. He's got to come home
tomorrow and grow up in the basement
like me. Don't seem fair somehow."

There was a break in her monotonous,
even voice, and her square stolid face was
buried suddenly in her red, hard worked
hands. The determined, upright figure
rocked back and forth shaking with great
silent sobs. The jerky notes of a hand
organ came in through the open door.

The Living Wage.

IHENEVER we consider the
question of a living wage we
want to ask ourselves what it
is we mean by that term and
try to define it clearly. Briefly then I
would say that a girl who is putting her
strength and her ability into her work,
whether that be at a skilled trade or as an
unskilled worker, should be entitled to earn
a sufficient wage to make the following
conditions possible:

A room to herself; food to produce
healthful living and efficient work; simple
clothing; a chance for rest and recreation

after the day's work and oh Sundays ; time
and opportunity for friendships; a two
weeks' vac^ion into the country and a pos-
sibility to save for emergencies by putting
aside a certain sum each week. How large
the wage must be to meet these conditions
depends in a measure on the cost of living
and I think that the following estimate will
be considered a fair one for the cost of
living in Chicago:

THE week's expenses.

Rent for room $2.00

Car fare 60

Breakfasts 1.05

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Lunches 70

Dinners 2.10

Laundry 50

Clothing 2.00

Savings 25

Dues 10

Vacation Fv.nd 40

Total $9.70

This estimate docs not include inci-
dentals like soap, medicine, daily paper,
mendings, etc., nor possible emergencies
like sickness. Neither does it take into
account church affiliations, the privilege of
giving to some friend in need, the right of
recreation in books, the right to an addi-
tional car fare on Sundays or evenings for
the sake of a visit, a visit to the theater,
etc. It should also be remembered that the
laundry item will be very much larger
than fifty cents a week during the summer
months, when shirt waists must be worn
and a clean one is almost a necessity every
day in the week. It is very true that many
girls wash and iron their own shirt waists
as well as other clothing, but this means
that they take the time evenings and on
Sundays; the latter day being also general-
ly used for the week's mending. It is futile
to think of life isolated from family obliga-
tions, from joy in friendship and comrade-
ship. ' The demand that life be set to a fine
issue is the normal demand that to all be
given the opportunity to work out every
gift of nature and to live out every faculty
of mind and heart and body.

Of course it will be objected that many
girls live at home and, therefore, do not
have to meet many of these incidental ex-
penses. There are two answers to be made
to this statement. In the first place thou-
sands of girls living at home share the
family*s expenses and pay their quota into

the family treasury. Their expenses, there-
fore, are every whit as heavy as those of
the girl who lives alone and the family ob-
ligations are more keenly recognized and
therefore more likely to be met than if the
girl lives away from a home life. But
when the fact that the girl lives at home is
given by the employer of the large factories
or department stores as a reason for low
wages, then we ought to remember and in-
sist upon its publicity that the fathers or
brothers or husbands who support these
girls are the silent partners of these mer-
chants. The silent partners are those who
furnish capital to a business but have little
or no participation in its management and
it would be well for the working men to
ask themselves if they could not find a
more profitable investment for their capital
than by furnishing the means of support
to their daughters whose work entitles
them to a self-supporting wage.

When we ask ourselves how best to ob-
tain this living wage, we are sometimes
met by the answer that education, by in-
creasing the efficiency of the worker will
also increase the wage, but it must not be
forgotten that some of the most miserable
wages today are paid the skilled worker in
the sewing trade. Again we are told that
legislation may secure a minimum wage,
but in America legislation thus far, has
remained an ineffective factor. No doubt
the ballot in the hands of the working
woman will be one of the most decisive
methods by which she can command a
hearing, but the greatest immediate oppor-
tunity and one within her reach is organ-
ization. The strongest force today helping
wage-earning women obtain just renumer-
ation, normal working hours and conditions
which make healthful living and efficient
work possible, is the trades union organiza-
tion.— Margaret Dreier Robins,

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f If Tra^FIRZEySIDI>

^^^^^^^

This Dep»itm«it is open to M womon friends of the Brotherhbod,

A Ride Over The Hump.

The Delaware & Hudson Railroad has just com.
pleted the construction of a new yard in Oneonta,
N. Y. It is an up-to-date one too. Lighted with
electricity and containing many new and improved
methods for handling freight and keeping it from
becoming congested and long delayed, one oT
those being the Hump. This mode of switching
has been adopted by a number of the larger rail-
way systems and has proven to be a success; so,
while it may not be new to all of the readers of
the Journal, I dare say it will be of interest to

on its downward trip. There was a man to ride
each car and we readily ,saw it was up to him to
make the right kind of a stop. There was also a
switch-thrower, provided with a switch list, to turn
the switch and throw the car into the track desig*
nated.

Seeing all this work being done so easily, gave
us the desire to ride over the Hump, notwithstand-
ing that only a little way from where we stood
were two cars piled almost in mid air as the result
of a morning's work on the Hump. Permission
was finally given us and we sorted out from the
long line of cars a rather clean looking gondola,

D. & H., YARD, ONBONTA, N. Y.

some, and I am going to describe a ride which I
took over it, accompanied by two Auxiliary sisters.

We bad heard much talk among our hasbands
about the Hump, and as the work of all three
was in some way connected with it, we decided
to see for ourselves this wonderful Hump.

We found it to be a long piece of track, gradu*
ally rising from both ends towards the center, which
waf elevated about twenty feet or more. The
engineer doing the switching received his signals
from a big automatic signal operated by the fore-
man, who stood up in the center of the Hump and
slowly cut off each car as it came up and started

and, as the boys say, "loaded on.*' Slowly we
began to ascend the track; reaching the center the
foreman cut us off and away we were going over
the Hump.

Over our heads the soft summer skies never
seemed prettier and the cool breezes fanned our
cheeks as we rolled on towards track number
seven. Each of us felt a genuine thrill of satis-
faction in knowing we were facing danger and in
being where we did not belong, but we were going
over the Hump just the same. Somebody called
out, "Let them go. Bill!*' and we clung to the
side of the car for dear life, but "Bill" did not

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

intend to let them ^o, ks he had quite an interest
in one pair of blue eyes that were beaming with
excitement over the ride. Gradually the wheels
slackened their speed under the pressure of the
brake that "Bill** was applying industriously;
slower and slower ran the car, finally stopping
altogether. "Unload 1" shouted "Bill." and our
ride over the Hump had passed into history.

Mrs. Grant Batrs.

A Floral Fund.

I want to bring before the 'members of the
Ladies' Auxiliary the subject of floral funds. It
seems to me each lodge should create and main-
tain a "floral fund," and undoubtedly many do. A
unique idea which originated with No. 110 has
been adopted by several of our sister lodges and
is conducted^ as follows: In starting, a sister
either' purchases an interesting souvenir, or docs
some artistic needle-work« the actual cost of which
does not exceed twenty-five cents. This is pre-
sented to the lodge. As we pay our dues the last
meeting in each month, wc have our drawing the

first meeting. All the names of the members arc
We have good reports from others who have
started to get subscriptions.

The women spend the greater part of the
money and if they will oitly make the effort for
subscriptions they will have little trouble in get-
ting them.

We hope to have the Journal of interest to
everybody. If we can get it in circulation among
those who do not understand our organization it
will assist to make us acqtiainted. We earnestly
request our lady friends to do what they can to
get subscribers.

Christmas will soon be here and what will be
more appropriate than a splendid watch? We
offer three kinds. It is the personal labor put
into the gift that makes it the more appreciated.
An emblem, ring or charm is always welcomed.

Let us have the assistance of our lady friends
and if we do the Journal will have an outside
circulation that is worth while and the Brother-
hood will get acquainted with those who do not
know what an excellent institution it really is.

Look at the prizes in the advertising pages.
All good values.

D. & H., HUMP YARD. ONEONTA. N. Y.

written on separate pieces of card board and as
the names are called by the Secretary each sister
who has placed five cents in the collection re-
sponds by saying "present." The names are then
placed in a basket and well shaken by the Con-
ductress. The Secretary then draws from the
basket a name. The sister whose. name is drawn
is presented with the gift which is then undone
and shown to all the members. The sister who
draws presents the next gift, and so on. In our
early days it was excedingly hard to keep our
funds equal to the demands, but by this method,
after a few years experience, we have a fine floral
fund and do much good among the sick members
of the B. R. T. and Auxiliary. I hope some sister
in each lodge will try this and thus begin a good
work.

Press Couuittke, No. 110.

Our Lady Friends At Work.

The Journal is pleased to announce that there
are a few of our lady friends at work for the
Journal. Sister Bob Howard has won a Standard
Watch by her efforts. Tbi« makes two for her.

Brownsville, Pa.

Augusta M. Statzer, First V'ice Grand Mistress,
of Erie, Pa., organized at Brownsville, Pa., on
September 23 and 24 an Auxiliary to the Brother-
hood of Railroad Trainmen which will be known
as Ida Saxton McKinley Lodge No. 201.

The lodge starts with twenty charter members
and will meet the first and third Thursday of each
month at 2 and 8 p. m. in the Knights of Malta
Hall over the National Deposit Bank.
Yours very truly,

Mrs. Mary L. McVay.

Wages In France.

rsoA ss

A recent report to the State Department on the
cost of living and the wages paid in France Vill
not induce any emigration of American work
to that country.

Mechanics of all classes in France, Csoch

carpenters, plasterers, blacksmiths, et ^ receive

from $1 to $1.20 a day. High-grad ^ jifhmi««*

receive a little more. In Pvi^ the TUfct vt a

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969

little higher than in the provinces, but not much.
Common laborers receive from 40 to 50 cents a
day, dressmakers and milliners 40 cents. Until
the new ten-hour law went into effect, a few
months ago, the laboring man worked twelve
hours a day. Women are not now allowed to
work at night and child labor is prohibited.

Mechanics are obliged to serve an appr^tice-
shtp of two or three years, during half of which
time they receive no wages and board them-
selves. In addition to this, each man must give
up two years of his life for military service, for
which he receives one cent a day and board and
clothes.

It will be seen that every mechanic in France
must spend four or five years of his life without
wages before he is prepared to earn 97 cents to
$1.20 a day.

The price of meat averages higher than in this
country. Fillet of beef, 50 to 70 cents a pound;
rump steak, 27 to 35 cents; veal, 20 to 35; mut-
ton, 20 to 55. Some of the very lowest grades
of meat, mostly bone and gristle, bought by
working people to make soup, 10 to 15 cents;
horse meat, 12 cents a pound. Flour, all wheat,
7 to 8* cents; flour, not all wheat, 4 to 5 cents;
butter, 40 to 50 cents; cheese, 30 to 40 cents, and
a cheaper quality for working people at 8 cents;
eggs, 48 cents a dozen; wood, $12 a cord, and
coal, $8 to $9 a ton.

The Torch.

Theodosia Garrison.

Lord, let me be the torch that springs to light

And lives its life in one exultant flame.
One leap of living fire against the night

Dropping to darkness even as it came.
For I have watched the smoldering of a soul

Choked in the ashes that itself hath made.
Waiting the slow destruction of the whole,

And turned from it bewildered and afraid.
Light me with love — with hate — with all desire

For that I may not reach, but let me burn
My little moment in pulsating fire

Ere yet into the darkness I return.
Be it for guard, or menace, peace, or sword.

Make me thy torch to burn out swiftly, Lord.
— The Metropolitan Magagine (June).

And summer breezes, cool and sweet, around the

flagman play.
But all in vain; from track and train his thoughts

refuse to stray.

We can see the rippling waters dance in many
a little stream;

The pebbles white, a beauteous sight, in the
golden sunshine gleam;

We can see the clinging ivy in the leafy wood-
lands twined.

But to beauty, not to duty, must the flagman's
eyes be blind.

Qne instant's relaxation on the flagman's part,

and you
Who careless ride, since those who guide the train

are tried and true.
May find yourselves m the throes of death, with

no one near to aid;
Your lives depend on your unknown friend, the

flagman unafraid.

In the roughest wintry weather, just as in the

summer sun.
He does his best, nor stops to rest until his work

is done.
*Tho* the wind blow cold about him, and chill him

to his heart.

Still must he stand his flag in hand, for this is

the flagman's part.
Then give one thought to the flagman, and pray

that he may not fail
In the watch he keeps, while others sleep, nor

dream of the men of the rail.
And we trust that the railway flagman, when his

work on earth is done.
May be called above by the God of Love, to flag

on the Heavenly run.

Miss Lydia M. Dunham,

Lehigh Tannery, Pa.

The Railway Flagman.

A dreary stretch of barren track the flagman's

only view;
On either side. God's world so wide; above, the

sky of blue.
Yet tho* with wonders beautiful this world of

ours be starred.
He must not heed, or hearts may bleed because which she is simply exonerated. The violation of

he failed to guard. her law is followed by an unforgiving pursuit,

Labor's Battle Royal.

Nature starts all her children, rich and poor,
physically equal. This, broadly speaking, is the
opinion of many leading physicians. If the num-
ber of children born healthy and strong is not
greater among the well-to-do classes tjjan among
the poorest, then it presents to us a very signifi-
cant fact which completely revolutionizes many
notions as to the great disadvantage of being bom
in the tenement.

What happens to the tenement child after its
birth is quite another story. Nature is not re-
sponsible for that. She has done her best. If
poverty or indifference or ignorance or sin blight
her fair work, she stands uncondemned. But
nature is not content in accepting a position in

He may not watch the shifting clouds, and how

they come and go;
The stars o'erhead upon him shed their softest

radiant glow.

until the full penalty has been inflicted, for with
nature there is no forgiveness of sin. And nature
makes no class distinctions.

This equality at birth does not long favor the
child of the slum and the tenement. Vital sta-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

tistics quickly prove this statement, for the burden
and the penalty of poverty and its accompanying
evils fall most heavily upon the child. The lack
of proper nourishment, of suitable clothing, of
healthy sanitary conditions, make life precarious
for the babe who must suffer on account of their
absence.

When such a sutc becomes chronic, the chances
for life are exceedingly small. Death's scythe
sweeps relentlessly through the ranks of little
children, whose cry for food has chilled a thou-
sand mothers' hearts. Then are hushed a thousand
babies' voices, who suffered long because there
was no skillful hand to nurse, and no healing
draught to cure.

There is no battle more royal than the saving
of the child. To bring color to the wan cheek, to
bring brightness to the dulled eye, to so much as
bring a smile to the face that already bears the
mark of pain and suffering — this is a task worthy
of the best that is in any man.

To organized labor has this work been given.
No other mission can ever mean more than this.
Strong should be the support given the trades
unions in their endeavor to blot out the curse of
child labor. And blighted should be every arm
that is raised in protest against the warfare which
means the salvation of little children from a bond-
age that is crushing out life and hope. — Rev.
Charles Stelzle.

Counterfeit.

There was a man who always raised

His Yoice in dull complaint^
There was nobody whom he praised —

Not even the saintliest saint;
He sulked through life with ponderous mien.

And with superior speech.
He criticised with air serene

'Most everything in reach.

And people, as his voice they heard.

With one accord gave ear;
They lingered on his every word.

His logic oft was queer.
And still he talked, quite undismayed.

And men approved of it.
For folly, seriously displayed.

Oft passes as true it.

— Washington Star.

The Lost Spirit.

C. A. Prick.

Where art thou fled, O Spirit of Delight?

I knew thee once in every passing throng,

Ever I caught a fragment of thy song

Or saw afar thy vesture flutter bright

No way was then without thee; but for long.

Search as I may, thou still evad'st my sight,

O heaven-born Spirit I hast forsook us quite f

Thou wouldst not do the earth such grievious

wrong!
Thy sister. Mirth, is here; but she has loosed
Tne fillet from her hair, unbound it flies;
Jangled the laughter is that rang so sweet;
And she, whose step was seemly when she used
To be thy comrade, now a maenad hies.
Her shrill jests echoing from street to street.
— Scribner's Magazine (June).

Statement Of Claims.

Port Huron, Mich.. Oct. 1, 1907.

Previously paid $302,665.58

Paid Since Last Report.
749 T. M. Sullivan, Gdn., Chicago.

Ill $ 500.00

760 Frank Brown, Hallstead. Pa 600.00

751 Jacob Sinn, Tamaqua, Pa 500.00

752 J. P. Mooney, Conneaut, 0 600.00

753 Harry Stone, Los Angeles, Cal. 600.00

754 Susan Ivey, Augusta, Ga 600.00

755 Geo. Watson, Lehighton, Pa 500.00

756 L. J. Gay, Windsor. Ont 600.00

757 Elizabeth Prideaux« McKeesport,

Pa 500.00

758 Alexander Tees, Montreal, Can. 500.00

759 A. C. Harper, Temple, Tex 600.00

760 Jas. Powers, Greenfield, Mass . . . 600 00

761 Michael Hayes, Salamanca, N. Y. 500.00

762 Wm. Bowen, Baltimore, Md 500.00

703 Samuel Schamel, Brunswick, Md. 600.00

764 Elmer Hinkel, Philadelphia, Pa. . 600.00

765 J. J. McCabe. New York. N. Y. 500.00

766 Harry Baker, Zanesville, 0 500.00

Total $31 1.665.58

Deaths Since Last Report.
Catherine Steese, of Lodge No. 251, died Sep-
tember 2, 1907.

Annie B. Clark, of Lodge No. 69, died Atigust

27, 1907.

Clara Swain, of Lodge No. 111. died August

28, 1907.

Mina M. Williams, of Lodge No. 6, died Sep-
tember 1. 1907.

Julia Moore, of Lodge No. 153, died Septem-
ber 5. 1907.

Lillian Isaacs, of Lodge No. 182, died .Septem-
ber 7. 1907.

Anna Goundrill, of Lodge No. 167, died Sep-
tember 9. 1907.

Kate Bentz, of Lodge No. 310, died September
11. 1907.

Nanny E. Sullivan, of Lodge No. 12, died Sep-
tember 5. 1907.

Lizzie Armstrong, of Lodge No. 166, died Sep-
tember 12. 1907.

Julia Tiemey, of Lodge No. 138. died Septem-
ber 22. 1907,

Amy a. Downing,
G. S. & T.

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TRAIN RULES

^KINDRED SUBdECTS

Send all inquiries to H. A. Oalby, Naugatuck, Conn.

From A Dispatcher.

We have received a letter from a dis-
patcher of many years experience, in which
he speaks of some of the subjects dis-
cussed in the Journal. We quote some
things which he says.

Improper Orders.— "Judging from some
of the questions you receive it is surpris-
ing the manner in which some dispatchers
issue orders. Take for instance Question
177 in the July Journal in which No. 220
gets an order to meet No. 5 at D, then
gets another to meet 1st 5 at C and 3d 5
at E and then a third order saying that
Order No. 2 is annulled. If a lot of train-
men and dispatchers can work day after
day with such orders as these and not get
mixed up on them it is pure good luck
rather than good management or superior
intelligence. I think conductors and en-
ginemen ought to kick if they get these
orders as a regular thing. They are too
confusing. Men have not time to figure
them out and when dispatchers change,
the one coming on duty is liable to make
a mistake if he has 25 or 30 orders trans-
ferred to him with some of this kind in the
bunch. I never use Form P (the supersed-
ing form) and especially I never would
make more than one supersedure. If you
have more than one change to make the
whole business should be annulled and new
orders sent."

We are very glad to hear this from an-
other dispatcher. We think it is just right
and we believe the practice could be done
away with if conductors and enginemen
would bring the matter to the attention of
the dispatcher or other officer.

The "19" Order.— "We use the 31 form
2-1

of orders to restrict the rights of trains
and only use the 19 to confer right as you
explain in the August number. We have
never considered it safe to restrict a
train's rights with a 19 order. Of course,
with the clearance card or the middle or-
der, or both, it would be an additional safe-
guard, but the question of properly placing
the responsibility in case of failure or over-
sight must be considered. In regard to
the clearance card, the operator could give
the order number to the dispatcher before
filling in the blank form or the trainmen
might accept the order without the card.
Then the dispatcher might not check the
number properly. If the middle order
should be in error it would cause con-
fusion as, of course, every additional order
causes additional liability of danger. For
these reasons we keep to the old practice
in single track work and use the 31 for
the superior train."

We presume these views represent the
opinion of a great many men and yet we
know of many others who favor doing
away with the 31 form altogether. On
some of the best roads in the country it
is not used at all. Every one will admit
that the 31 order requires a great deal of
time in signing, completing and delivering.
With the long, heavy trains now being
hauled it consimies a great deal more time
than it did when trains were short and
light, so that the conductor did not have
far to travel between the engine and ca-
boose and when the train could be more
easily stopped and started.

Where the 19 is used for the superior
train the prescribed method must be scru-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

pulously carried out according to rule just
the same as any other set of rules. This is
essential in every case. The rules seem
to cover everything so thoroughly that un-
less they are violated it would seem that
every point is safeguarded just as in the
case of the 31. When the dispatcher tells
the operator to copy orders the latter re-
plies that his red is displayed. He cannot
change his signal to clear until the orders
are delivered or annulled. When the en-
gineman sees the red signal he cannot
leave without a clearance card. The clear-
ance card must show what orders he is to
receive. The operator must put the num-
bers of the orders on the clearance card
before he checks them over with the dis-
patcher. The dispatcher must see that all
orders are mentioned just the same as
though he got the signature of the con-
ductor on each one. He must repeat these
numbers back to the operator. The con-
ductor and engineman must get the orders
called for by the clearance card or find
out the reason why. The operator stands on
the platform ready to deliver the orders
and if the engineman should attempt to
run by the signal, the operator can use ad-
ditional means to stop the train while if
the 31 were used he would sit in his office
and very likely be unable to prevent a dis-
regard of the signal. Rules of any kind
can be violated and trouble may follow.
It would seem that trouble could only arise
from this procedure if the rules were
broken. The same applies to the middle
order. If handled according to rules it
cannot be denied that it adds to the safety
of train movements. It is a significant
fact that many roads now require the mid-
dle order in all movements whether the
31 form is used or not

As we have said before, we believe the
19 order is largely superseding the 81 for
the superior train and will continue to do
so. Traffic has become so heavy on al-
most all single track lines that every means
that are safe must be employed to save
time and those who use the 19 order ex-
clusively claim that it is entirely safe when
accompanied with precautions such as we
have described.

Double Track Rules. — ^**Referring to
Question 173 in the May JouHNAl- where

an order was given for No. 2 to use west
bound track H to C with right over all
west bound trains, the writer of the ques-
tion asking if an extra west could go to
£ for No. 2 if it had time to make that
station, would say that on this system
there are two interpretations of such an
order. One is that an extra can go to an
intermediate station if it has time, al-
though as you say, this is not in accord
with the Standard Code rule. The other
understanding is in accord with the rule
and would not permit the extra to leave
C. The Standard Code rule is probably
made in the way it is for the reason that
in most cases the passing sidings are lo-
cated so that they will not conform to re-
verse movements unless center sidings are
in use making a siding for trains in either
direction. There is also a great lack of
train registers and the arrangements for
all movements depend entirely on the dis-
patcher."

Our correspondent in speaking of the
two interpretations of the order given in
Question 172 must mean that each under-
standing applies to one part of the s>^tem
on which he works. It cannot be that
there are two interpretations on the same
district or division. Possibly, as he sug-
gests, the arrangement of the passing sid-
ings makes some difference in determining
whether the train may go on a limited time
to clear a superior train. Whatever the
reason, it seems clear that the Standard
Code rule prohibits an inferior train mov-
ing from *the point last named in the or-
der until the other arrives.

A case recently happened on a double
track road where this rule was brought
into use which presented a curious con-
trast in the rights of the trains concerned,
although the action of each was authorized
by the rules. The location of the tracks
and trains is illustrated in the following
diagram:

Ho.S

DD>

Ho.l

Ho. 81

<OD

ABC

Trains run on the right hand track, even
numbers running east. According to the

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963

practice on all roads, where it is possible
the crossovers are arranged so that the
switches are trailing points when trains
arc running on their own tracks. Nos. 1
and 2 are first class trains and No. 81 is
a third class. No. 2 has orders to run on
the west bound track from A to C with
right over all but first class trains. At B
there is no passing track, only the cross-
over to the other main track. Under this
order No. 2 could go to B for No. 1 if it
could clear its time, but according to the
rule under D-Form R No. 81 could not
go to that station for No. 2. It will be
seen that in this situation the siding facili-
ties at B would make it entirely practicable
for No. 2 to go there to meet No. 1 (No. 2
taking the crossover) while for No. 81 to
go there for No. 2 would perhaps be im-
practicable for the reason that the former
would be compelled to run by and back in
on the crossover. It is probable that rul-
ings on different roads in regard to in-
ferior trains making certain points for su-
perior trains are governed largely by the
side track facilities as indicated in this ex-
ample. It is also probable that the Stand-
ard Code rule is not followed in some
places where a deviation is practicable and
will assist in facilitating train movements.
QUESTIONS.

202.— "Please tell me what time I am to
protect against Extra 1611 on this order:
'Work extra 1031 will work 7 a. m. until
7 p. m. between A and B protecting against
Extra 1611 west and against all other ex-
tras west after 8:30 a. m. and will protect
against all extras east.' I said I did not
have to protect against Extra 1611 until
after 8:30 a. m. the way the order reads,
as it is one continuous order and there is
no punctuation after the mention of Extra
1611 west."— C. H. C.

Answer. — ^This is another example of a
poorly worded order, the kind that we have
many times uttered our protest against.
The evident intention is to have you pro-
tect against Extra 1611 from the time you
begin to work, but it does not say so. Your
interpretation is correct as the order reads,
but if you accept the order, safety would
demand that you protect immediately
against Extra 1611.

The order should read like this or some-

thing similar: "Work extra 1031 will work
7 a. m. until 7 p. m. between A and B pro-
tecting against Extra 1611 west after 7
a. m. and against all other extras west af-
ter 8:30 a. m.," etc

203.— "No. 22 is a first class train and
runs from A to C. B is shown on the
time table as a terminal for all trains. No.
22's arriving time at B is 1 a. m. The
leaving time is 3 a.* m., giving it two hours
at B. The engine on No. 22 breaks down
before they arrive at B causing them to
lose their schedule and they have to flag
to B, arriving there at 1 :30 p. m. No. 22 is
ready to leave B at 2 p. m., making it only

11 hours late out of B. Now, has No. 22
a right to leave B on the same schedule
after having once been dead? Some claim
that it has, as B is a terminal for all trains.
I claim that after having once been dead
it cannot run as No. 22 of that date. Am
I right?"— C. A.

Answer. — A time on a schedule is in
effect until it is 12 hours late unless it has
been used by a train or is annulled. A
train can leave B at any time up to 3 a. m.
no matter whether the schedule has been
used from A to B or not, and no matter
if some train has died on the schedule be-
fore reaching B. The schedule is one thing
and the train is another.

Judging from the description B is a di-
vision or a district terminal and the train
crew only runs that far. If thisiis true the
crew that leaves B is in no way affected by
anything that might happen to the crew
running toward B.

The same rule would apply if B were
an intermediate station and the same crew
ran from A to C. This point should be
noted, however; the crew after becoming

12 hours late has lost the use of that
schedule and cannot take it up without or-
ders, although we see nothing in the rule
which would forbid the dispatcher giving
them an order to use the same schedule
leaving B if they could do so within 12
hours of the leaving time.

This point was not very clear in the old
Code, but is provided for in the new one
by Rule 82, which reads:

Time table schedules, unless fulfilled, are
in effect for 12 hours after their time at
each station. ^ j

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Regular trains 12 hours behind either
their schedule arriving or leaving time at
any station lose both right and schedule,
and can thereafter proceed only as author-
ized by train order.

This provides for both the schedule and
the train, as above described.

204. — "On this division, which is double
track. No. 10 is a first class train and No.
120 is a second class train, both east
bound. Both receive the following order
at B: To Conductor and Engineman
Nos. 10 and 120 : No. 10 has right over all
trains on westward track from B to D.'
No. 120 is running on its own track, east
bound. They leave B ahead of the time of
No. 10, but on arrival at C have not time
to make D and clear the time of No. 10 at
that station. Have they a right to run
ahead of No. 10 to D? Some of us here
think No. 120 should have an order to run
ahead of No. 10 to D."— C. P. M. D.

Answer. — We should say this question
can be answered by the third paragraph
under D-Form R, which is this: "An in-
ferior train between the points named
moving with the current of traffic in the
same direction as the designated train
must receive a copy of the order, and may
then proceed on its schedule, or right." It
would seem from this that the object in
giving the order to the inferior train is to
authorize it to use its own track regardless
of the superior train, which is thereby in-
structed to run on the opposite track be-
tween the points named. For other trains
on the east bound track it is equivalent to
an annulment of No. 10 between B and D.
No. 10 could not again run on its own
track without first giving the order to
those inferior trains which had received the
previous order.

This would be our understanding, al-
though there may be contrary instructions
on some roads. Can any one give further
light on this situation?

205. — "Please give us a ruling on the fol-
lowing orders. At Aikin Engine 253 gets
an order which reads: 'Engines 252, 239
and 253 will run as 1st, 2d and 3d No. 60
Aikin to Byron.' At Stockton he receives
the following order: 'Engine 241 will run
as 1st No. 60 Stockton to Byron. All other

sections change numbers accordingly.'
Stqckton is befween Aikin and Byron. We
contend that Engine 253 needs new run-
ning orders, but our dispatchers say not.
Which is right?"— L. F. c'

Answer. — We assume that it is the in-
tention for Engine 241 to run as 1st 60 and
the other three engines to run as 2d, 3d and
4th, respectively. If this is correct and the
order is otherwise acceptable we see no
reason why Engine 253 should have a new
running order any more than any of the
others.

But the second order is not according to
any form of which we have any know-
ledge. It might possibly be inferred from
the new Standard Code but there is cer-
tainly nothing similar to it in the old. The
revised code provides a form under the title,
"For Changing Sections," which is as fol-
lows: "To add an intermediate section
the following modification of example will
be used: 'Engine 85 display signals and
run as 2d No. 1 N to Z. Following sec-
tions change numbers accordingly.'" The
explanation following directs that "Engine
85 will display signals and run as directed
and following sections will take the next
highest number." But it should be noted
that this form is "to add an intermediate
section." Running a section ahead of all
the others could hardly be termed "adding
an intermediate section" unless the meaning
of the word "intermediate" were stretched
by authority of the proper officer. As the
form reads we should say an intermediate
section is one inserted between two already
existing.

Under present rules our opinion is that
the only form authorized by the rules
would be to annul the original order and
issue a new one.

206. — "Westward trains are superior in
direction. Even numbers run east and odd
ntunbers west. I follow No. 28, first class,
out of A, which is a terminal. When I get
to C I find No. 28 in to clear on passing
track. Have I the right to proceed ahead
of No. 28?"— F. A. L.

Answer. — If you are on a train of the
same class, yes; if on a train of inferior
class, no. Your relations with No. 28 are
the same whether you see it at the initio
point or at some other statioi^

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There la no free list.

Send nil remltUnoee for enbeorlptlon* to the Orand Beoretur and Troararer. Boo Sootlon 80 Oonatltatlon, Oraad
Lodce.

Letter* for this department mnst be written on one aide of paper onlj, written with Ink and mnst be at theoflBoe
not later than the 12th of the month to Inaare Ineertlon In the next number.

All ohansee of addreaa, oommnnlcatlon* pertaining to the Journal, etc., should be sent to the Editor. Do notaend
reeolutlone.

When the JoomAl does not reach jrou, tmmedlatelj give n* jour name, correct addreaa and the number of jour
Lodge.

A Pleasure Trip On The M. & E.
Division Of The Lacka-
wanna, R. R.

Having a few days of leisure recently, I took
a trip over the M. & E. Division of the Lacka-
wanna R. R. I crossed over from New York on
the Barclay street ferry and boarded the Easton
Mail at Hoboken as she alood in the train shed
waiting the signal from Conductor Henry Hoffman
to start on her trip from tidewater to the extreme
western shore of New Jersey at Phillipsburg, as
she has done for nearly half a century, on prac-
tically the same schedule time.

The signal given, she picks her way through
the yard with its labyrinth of tracks, gradually
ascending and presently plunges into the Stygian
blackness of the Bergen tunnel, from which she
soon emerges, to make her run across the Newark
meadows, crossing the Hackensack river, and just

before entering Newark crossing the Passaic river,
both of which are New Jersey's prominent streams,
names of Indian origin, given when the Red men
held eminent domain in these parts, passing
through the beautiful country west of Newark
known as the "Oranges." she ascends the Orange
and Watchung Mountains and reaches Summit
station on the crest of the mountains. Still pro-
ceeding on her way westward, passing through
a rural district of great beauty, including the b?au-
tiful Washington valley;' still ascending. Port
Morris is reached, the highest point on the M. &
E. Division, a mountainous country, but of pleas-
ing aspect, and just east of Hackettstown, passing
through the Musconetcong valley, she continues
on her way and enters Phillipsburg, the extreme
western end of New Jersey, crosses the Delaware
river into Easton, Pennsylvania, the end of her
daily run.

There is doubtless no other train with a record
such as this train holds. Her schedule time is

HOBOKEN, N. J., YARD AND TERMINAL, M. & E. DIVISION. LACKAWANNA.

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practically the same as it was forty years ago — a
long time for a passenger train to hold to the
same time-table, and the crews have not been nu-
merous on this train. The late "Ed." King com-
menced running the engine on this train in 1860
and ran it for forty years, and during the last
years of his life ran one side of it and Tom
Keenan the other. The writer can only recall
three conductors who have run this train — "Al."
Allen, William Griffith and the present incumbent,
Henry Hoffman. It seems to be just so with the
trainmen; when they once land on this historic
old train they stay there. Eddie Cummin^, who
is now holding the baggage car, has a record of
twenty years on this train, while Dan Merrick,
the flagman, is not far behind.

There are not many more pleasant trips to be
had than the one traversed by this train. It
runs through a beautiful section of New Jersey.
There is no prettier section of suburban homes to
be seen than through East Orange, Orange, South

We have now completed our trip with the
Easton Mail. She has crossed the Delaware river
to the station in Easton, Pa., to load up for her
return trip to tidewater. We will not return with
her, but hope she and her excellent crew will have
a safe return home, and that the old train may
be continued as she has been for so many years,
for the sight of her brings back to many a recol-
lection of boyhood days which are pleasant.

A. M. DouGu^s.

Dot And Dash.

If there are any patient slaves of industry in
this age the men and women who handle the tele-
graph keys may be so classed. It looks easy to
the outsider, this sitting and clicking a little in-
strument hour after hour; but in its way it is very
hard and exacting work. Strong frames have been
wrecked by work in the operating room. And

PORT MORRIS, N. J., YARD, M. & E. DIVISION, D. L. & W.

Orange and as far west as Morristown. Before
the track depression at Summit one could look
over the valley to the south as far as Elizabeth,
and it was a pleasant sight. West of Morristown
the country is more rural. Dover is a pleasant
place with mountains on three sides of it. Stan-
hope is on top of a hill, while Hackcttstown is
another mountain town with the splendid Mus-
conetcong valley east of it, and Buck Mountain
towering high up in the clouds to the north of it
and Schooley's mountains only a few miles south
of it, one of the prettiest towns on the road, and
for the rest of the trip, with the exception of
Washington, another desirable place, the scene is
one of picturesque farm land and buildings, and,
characteristic of the state. The dwelling houses are
invariably painted white, while all outbuildings are
painted red. The effect, with the green fields sur-
rounding, is pleasing to anyone who has an eye
to the beauties of nature.

these have been heroes, too, in this commonplace
side line of activity. Operators have stuck to the
key with the roof burning and falling overhead;
they have signalled news of a robber raid while
covered with the muzzle of a gun; they have faced
death in epidemics, in earthquakes and in war in
order to live up to the reputation of the corps
for fidelity to duty. As a busy, hurrying people
we^ have overlooked the trials and the deserts of
the quiet toilers who rush our messages solely be-
cause they do hurry-up work and not with the
hope of tip or reward. Operators have long hours
and they have their days of unremitting strain too
great for a human being to bear. There is no
calling except perhaps that of the stenog-
rapher which demands such tensity of nerve
as the combined manual and mental effort of the
telegraph operator. Relatively the man who
wields pick and shovel puts no more strain upon
the faculties called into play by his labor than

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967

does the operator who all day sends and receives
all sorts of messages over the wires. Used up
operators are more common among the invalid
toilers than used up railroaders or mechanics or
hustlers in the commercial world. Formerly the
manipulator of dots and dashes was a hero in the
comunity. He was first in on the news of the
whole world, could make, and by inadvertence un-
make fortunes, as well as help on all affairs of
business, society and even of love. Time and
faithful service with the^ coming of the telephone
have cast the office of the operator in the shade,
and the fraternity has grown to the proportions
of an army. A thousand operators in a great city
is not to be marveled over, but there are many
third class cities employing a hundred and upward
unnoticed in the rush of affairs. They have ticked
away their lives, as Hood's heroine stitched away
her life.

With fingers weary and worn.

With eyelids heavy and red.
Considering their power, these toilers have borne

it does. The people of this country — ^that vast ma-
jority which goes on day by day minding its own
business and sawing wood — are all right. They
are hard to rouse, but when it is put up to them
and put squarely and forcibly, whether it be
a question of politics or finances, they usually de-
cide it right. The intelligent and upright working-
man knows full well that the security of permanent
employment depends only upon keeping his em-
ployer in a prosperous condition and the employer
realizes that good workmen can be retained only
by treating them in a humane manner. It is only
those who have no interest in their employers' wel-
fare that talk about classes and agitation.

Alfred S. Lunt,
Lodge No. 456.

Shorter Workday.

It has long been a mooted question among yard-
men and trainmen whether the proper effort has

PHILLIPSBURG, N. J.. WESTERN TERMINAL, M. & E. DIVISION, LACKAWANNA.
Lehigh Vtlley, C. R. R. of N. J. and Lehigh tnd Hudson Bridget. Crossing the Delaware Rirer.

with marvelous amicability the grievances which
have been their portion. The time has been when
they could at a signal hold up the affairs of the
street, of society and of government; and even
with the telephone working, they may still para-
lyze the viul activities of the nation. May they
win out is the wish of every good American who
believes in fair play. Never before in this coun-
try have the railroads been so rushed with freight
as they are now; never have the harvests been
heavier, the yield of the mines richer, the fac-
tories busier and all business brisker and sounder.
Never did the Thanksgiving month come upon
greater prosperity tnan the American people enjoy
today. The general situation is getting better.
The real business men of the country are to be
congratulated. The gamblers and speculators may
nft like it exactly, but the country's prosperity
d*es not depend upon them so much for its sta-
bdity and growth as they somctunes seem to think

been made to obtain a reduction of hours for men
employed in train and yard service. Interest on
this question is increasing materially and dis-
cussion is frequent and vehement, which gives the
impression of dissatisfaction, and that the eight-
hour day must prevail in our work in the near
future. Men employed in railroad service are
waking to the fact that the conditions under which
they are employed are not what they should be
when compared with the importance of the posi-
tion which they occupy. While we suffer many
evils which should be corrected there is no greater
evil to suffer at the present time than excessive
working hours and none should receive more con-
sideration at the hands of our committee. Men
employed in railroad service are also waking to
the fact that those who work many hours for
a day are contributing to the support of those
who enjoy the short work-day. As soon as this
fact if universally understood by our members

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and especially by our committees, reduction of
hours will be hastened and a work-day commen-
surate with the number of hours worked by men
otherwise employed will prevail on railroads as
well as in all other industries. The demand for
a reduction of hours does not necessarily si^ify
indulgence. Surely a man can not be termed
lazy for making such a request when it is evident
that he is working many hours in excess of the
standard work-day.

The many inventions of recent years which have
facilitated the means of production and lessened
labor to a great extent, which are known and
understood as labor-saving machines, certainly jus-
tifies the iren using such machinery to make de-
mands for a reduction of hours.

are compelled to remain idle and held in reserve
to be dumped into some territory where strikes
have been inaugurated? I am satisfied that there
is no scarcity of railroad men, and any claim made
of a scarcity of railroad men is untrue. It is time
to cease juggling with words. Distortion of facts
concerning this question and further postponement
of it should not be tolerated by an intelligent and
fearless committee. Our associations of general
committees could not spend their time to better
advantage than by taking a dispassionate inventory
of this question and the manner in which the
eight-hour day could be obtained.
Fraternally yours,

J. Lafontaink,
Portland, Me., No. 82.

EAST END BERGEN. N. J., TUNNEL, M. & E. DIVISION. D. L & W.

Tt is no great wonder that railroad employes
who are compelled to labor many hours for a day
should be dissatisfied and indignant at the failure
to secure the standard work-day. I firmly believe
that the time is ripe to make a concerted effort to
secure the eight-hour day on railroads. No dis-
tortion of facts, false statements and weak argu-
ments of a scarcity of railroad men used by rail-
road officials should deter our committees in this
just demand. The fact can not be concealed that
there is in this country approximately the same
number of intelligent and able men unemployed
as there is employed in train and yard service.
The question arises under these existing circum-
stances, what prompts our officials to make this
statement? How could such a thing exist when
so many men are unemployed? Why are these
conditions allowed to exist when so many men

A Word From The Land Of Sugar
Cane And Cotton.

Within sixty days Carolina Lodge No. 251 will
celebrate her twentieth birthday.

My inspiration comes about at this time on ac-
count of our sudden prosperity and increase in
membership, without notice, but with a hearty
welcome from all the members of No. 251 comes
Brother Harry Adams, Deputy Grand Master, and
member of Insurance Board of Lodge No. 577.
and after ten days of campaigning among the
non airs under the jurisdiction of this lodge, .he
presents seventy-five petitioners to us for jur
consideration, every one of whom has been eligible
to our Order from a period of six months-, to
twenty-five years. We feel grateful to Brotdier
Adams for the good he has done us during /bis

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969

short stay in this community, and may God speed
him in the good work all along the line. We be-
lieve that a continuation of this kind of system
campaigning will soon put us in a condition to
secure a fair day's pay for a fait day's work.

The Southern Railroad employes are rapidly see-
ing the necessity for organization. They have
waited these many, many long years for the volun-
tary raise of pay that never came. I notice by
our October lodge directory seven new Southern
lodges have been organized in the past seven
months and our lodges, the greater number in the
South, have doubled in membership. This speaks
volumes for those who are battling for the cause
of Unionism.

I desire to call your attention to the annual
election of officers, which is near at hand, and it
behooves us to select our very best material to

especially applies to those on the Savannah and
Charleston districts. Let me ask what is the
cause of the "Captains" objection? The answer
is simply this: That they see their servants dis-
appearing. The time is not far distant when each
man on the crews will have to do his allotted
share. The "Captain" then will do his own cleri-
cal work, occasionally help set out a car, and if
necessity requires it help the brakey put in a
brass, or chain up a car; the day of the bare-
footed negro train hand is fast fading away, being
supplanted by the young white man who can be
trusted to do his work without the constant watch
of his superior.

Carolina Lodge No. 251 claims the distinction
of having the oldest Financier holding office con-
tinuously since the institution of the lodge De-
cember 31st, 1887. He is known to all the boys

PHILLIPSBURG, N. J. STATION, M. & E. DIVISION, D. L. & W.

fill these various stations; disregard every thing
in doing that but ab«'«ty and integrity, and re-
member that the most important officers you have
to elect are the l«cal Grievance Committee, which
holds for a period of two years. Be careful in
this, select them for their conservatism and
strength of character and ability, and with the
courage to stand at all times for the right.

We are pleased to inform you that there has
recently been issued a general order on the At-
lantic Coast Line displacing the negro brakemen
with White men, and at the same rate of pay
which the flagmen now receive. Our information
is that the various train masters are complying
with the order as rapidly as desirable white men
can be secured.

But I am sorry to say that there are several of
our Coast Line conductors incidentally who are
bitterly opposing the removal of the negro. This

as "Doc, the Bachelor;" officially known as Chas.
K. Rumpell.

We claim to hold age over all the 775 Finan-
ciers for the longest continuous service. Direct
all challenges to the Trainmen's Journal.

Begging to remain yours in benevolence, so-
briety and industry, I am
Yours fraternally,

F. W. Burn,
Lodge No. 251.

(Brother Elmer E. Carhart of Protection Lodge
No. 2, Phillipsburg, N. J., has been Financier of
his lodge continuously since 1884. This is the
record. This lodge was organized March 23d,
1884, and has four of its charter members on the
rolls who have been in continuous good standing
since its organization. Anybody to beat it? —
D. L. C.)

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An Important Court Decision.

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED

STATES FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT

OF NORTH CAROLINA.

UNITED STATES

ATLANTIC COAST LINE RAILROAD COM-
PANY.

(Syllabus by the Court.)

1. An allegation in a petition for penalty un-
,der the Federal Safety Appliance Act that de-
fendant "on or about" a certain date violated
such act is sufficiently specific as to date under
the North Carolina practice.

2. In a suit based upon the Safety Appliance
Act of March 2, 1808, as amended April 1, 1896,
the plainti£F is not called upon to negative the
proviso dl Section 6 of said act, either in plead-
ings or proofs. Such proviso merely creates an
exception, and if the defendant wishes to rely

are not in violation of the Constitution of the
United Sutes.

Harry Skinner, United States Attorney, and
Luther M, Walter, Special AssisUnt United States
Attorney, for plaintiff.
Junius Davis and George B, Elliott for defendant.

Decided May 11, 1007.
OPINION OF THE COURT.

Purnell, Judge:

A bill was filed asking for penalties, 45 in num-
ber, of $100 under each for violations of the act
of March 2, 1898, known as the "Safety Appliance
Act," as amended by act of April 1, 1896, and
March 2, 1908. The bill of complaint alleges that
defendant is a common carrier engaged in inter-
state commerce, and is a corporation organized
and doing business under the laws of the states
of Virginia, North Carolina and other states, hav-
ing an office and place of business at South Rocky
Mount, in the state ot North Carolina.

Of the offenses made the basis of this suit, 41
were violations of Section 2 of the act (defective

LABOR DAY, LODGE NO. 58, SPRINGFIELD, ILLS.

thereon the burden is upon it to bring itself within
the terms of the exception; those who set up such
an exception must establish it. {Schlemmer v. B.,
R. & P. Ry. Co,, 205 U, 5., J.)

8. It is not incumbent upon the plaintiff, in or-
der to establish a violation of the Safety Ap-
pliance Act, to show that the defendant had not
used due care or ordinary diligence in making an
inspection and in repairing such defects as that
inspection may have shown to exist; as otherwise
a restriction would be placed upon the provisions
of the act which would seriously hamper effective
enforcement of its provisions.

4. The United States is entitled to recover the
statutory penalty for violation of the Federal
Safety Appliance Act under all circumstances
where an injured employe has under that statute
the benefit of denial of "assumption of risk."

5. Such a construction must be given the act as
will accomplish the evident intent of Congress.
The court cannot read into the statute what Con-
gress has omitted.

6. The Safety Appliance Act and amendments

couplings) and four were violations of Section 4
(failure to have secure grab irons and hand-holds).
The defendant has filed a demurrer to each count
and sets up nine specific grounds of demurrer.
Only three general grounds were urged in support
of the demurrer at the hearing. First, that the
complaint is defective in that it alleges the vio-
lation "on or about" a particular date, and one
otner adverted to, to-wit, that the act of Con-
gress is unconstitutional; but this position was
not vigorously insisted on.

A pleading in a civil suit need not be as pre-
cise in naming dates as when the prosecution is
by indictment. It is provided by Federal statute
that as to matters of practice and pleading the
courts of the United States shall conform as near
as may be to the practice and pleadings and forms
and mode of proceeding to the state courts. (R.
S., 914.) It follows, therefore, that whether the
petition is defective in the regard complained of
depends upon the practice in the courts of North
Carolina.

Section 6 of the Safety Appliance Act provides

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that the penality for a violation of the act shall
be $100, "to be recovered in a suit or suits to
be brought by the United States district attorney
in the district court of the United States having
jurisdiction in the locality where such violations
shall have been committed."

This is an action in debt. (United StaUs v.
Southern- Railway Company, 145 F. R., 122.) The
rule in North Carolina is that in cases of this na-
ture the naming of a specific date is not neces-
sary in stating the cause of action in the com-
plaint. In Lumber Co. v. Railroad (141 N. C,
171) it was held that in a suit to recover penalties
against a defendant on account of discriminating
in overcharges on shipments of logs it was suffi-
cient to locate the time of shipments between the
15th day .of November, 1898, and the 30th day of
April, 1901, inasmuch as the defendant could ask
for a bill of particulars* The defendant in the

not negatived by the plaintiff. The fair inference
from the evidence is that this was an unusually
large car of the ordinary pattern; but, further, if
the defendant wished to rely upon this proviso,
the burden was upon it to bring itself within the
exception. The word "provided" is used in our
legislation for many other purposes beside that of
expressing a condition. The only difference ex-
pressed by this clause is that four-wheeled cars
shall be excepted from the requirements of the
act. In substance it merely creates an exception,
which has been said to be the general purpose of
such clauses. (Baird case^ 194 U. S., 25, 86, 87.)
"The general rule or law is that a proviso carves
special exceptions only out of the body of the
act, and those who set up any such exception
must establish it.'* The rule applied to construc-
tion is applied equally to the burden of proof in
a case like this.

LABOR DAY, LODGE NO. 82, PORTLAND, MAINE,

case at bar is clearly put upon its defense. The
number of the car and nature of the traffic and
the date given in each count sufficiently to advise
the defendant of the time of the violation, so
that it can intelligently prepare its defense. This
is sufficient.

Another ground urged in support of the de-
murrer is that the complaint does not allege that
the cars mentioned in the various causes of action
were not four-wheel cars or eight-wheel standard
logging cars. The Supreme Court of the United
Sutes, in the case ot Schlemmer v. B. R. & P.
Ry. Co. (206 U. S., 1), says on that point, Justice
Holmes delivering the opinion:

A faint suggestion was made that the proviso
in Section C of the act that nothing in it shall
ftpply to tralDf composed of four-wheeled cars wai

Another ground urged in support of the demur-
rer is that the complaint does not allege that the
defect was discovered, or could by reasonable in-
spection have been discovered so that the car
could have been repaired before it was hauled or
moved, as alleged in the complaint Th^ question
— that is, whether in order to establish a violation
of the Safety Appliance Act it is necessary or in-
cumbent upon the plaintiff to show that the de-
fendant had not used due care or ordinary dili-
gence in making an inspection and in repairing
such defects as that inspection may have shown
to exist — is one of the most important which has
yet arisen in the enforcement of the Safety Ap-
pliance Act.

If the contention of the defendant in this re-
spect be correct, then a restriction has been placed

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upon the provisions of the act which will seriously
hamper the Government in its efforts to enforce
the provisions of the statute.

The title of the act of March 2, 1893, is "An
act to promote the safety of employes and travelers
upon railroads by compelling common carriers en-
gaged in interstate commerce to equip their cars
with automatic couplers and continuous brakes and
their locomotives with driving-wheel brakes, and
for other purposes." By Section 1 of the act it is
made unlawful for a carrier engaged in interstate
commerce by railroad to use a locomotive engine
not equipped with power driving-wheel brakes and
appliances for operating the train-brake system;
by Section 2 it is made unlawful to use a car not
equipped with automatic couplers; by Section 4 it
is made unlawful to use a car not provided with
secure grab irons or hand-holds; by Section 5 it
is made unlawful to use a car whose drawbars do

defense when sued by an injured employe. The
primary test as to whether the two penalties should
be applied is the same in each insUnce, viz. Was
the car used in violation of the provisions of the
act? The United States can recover the penalty
of $100 under all circumstances where the injured
employe has the benefit of the denial of the doc-
trine of "assumption of risk" as a matter of de-
fense by the carrier.

One of the first cases arising under the Safety
Appliance Act was that of an injured employe,
decided by the Circuit Court of Appeals for the
Eighth Circuit, wherein certain conclusions as to
the provisions of the act were announced by that
court. iJoknsoH v. Southern Pacific Railway, 117
Fed. Rep., 462.) The facts in that case were as
follows:

The defendant, Southern Pacific Railway Com-
pany, was an interstate common carrier by rail-

I.ABOR DAY, LODGE NO. ft2. PORTLAND. MAINE.

not conform to the standard height; by Section 6
it is provided that the United States shall have
a right of action to recover a penalty from the
common carrier using, hauling, or permitting to
be hauled or used on its line "any car in viola-
tion of any of the provisions of this act;" and by
Section 8 ^t is provided that whenever an employe
is injured by "any locomotive, car, or train in use
contrary to the provision of this act," he shall not
be deemed to have assumed the risk occasioned by
such use of the locomotive, car, or train.

In other words, whenever a carrier uses a car
in violation of the provisions of the act the United
States shall have a right to the penalty of $100
and the injured employe shall be protected from
the defense of "assumption of risk." There are,
therefore, two penalties fixed upon the carrier.
One is the $100 payable to the United States and
the Other is the denial of assumption of risk as a

road, operating trains between San Francisco, Cal.,
and Ogden, Utah. In the course of its operations
it had occasion to run as a part of the equipment
of a certain passenger train a dining car which,
at a certain station in the sUte of Utah, was left
on a side track to be picked up and returned to
its initial terminal by the westbound train of the
same company. For the convenient execution of
the return movement, Johnson, a brakeman in the
employ of the defendant company, undertook, un-
der orders, to couple one of the defendant's en-
gines to said dining car for the purpose of taking
it to a neighboring turntable, to be there turned
around and placed in position to resume its re-
turn journey.

The engine was equipped with power driving-
wheel brakes and also with a Janney coupler and
the dining car was equipped with a Miller coupler.
Each of these couplers was a so-called automatic
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or safety coupler which would couple by impact
with couplers of its own type, but the two would
not couple by impact with each other because of
differences in construction or type.

Johnson knew that the couplers would not couple
automatically, and he undertook to make the coup-
ling by using a link and pin. To make the coup-
ling in such manner it was necessary for him to
go between the ends of the engine and the dining
car, and he did so. Two attempts to make the
coupling failed, and in the course of the third
attempt his hand was crushed so that it became
necessary to amputate his arm above the wrist.

lie sued the company, his employer, for dam-
ages, alleging negligence on the part of the latter
in that on the occasion in question it was using
on its line "cars" not equipped as required by
said statute, and that he, as an employe of said
company, was relieved by the provisions of the
eighth section of said statute from the doctrine
concerning "assumed risks*' while endeavoring, un-

compel the punishment of an act not denounced
by the fair import of its terms; that even if the
word "car" means or includes "locomotives," still
the case does not fall within the prohibitions of
the law, because both the locomotive and the car
were, in fact, equipped with automatic couplers;
the statute contains no words requiring all cars
used on an interstate road or used in interstate
commerce on any particular road to be equipped
with the same kind of coupling or with couplers
which will couple automatically by impact with
every other coupler with which it may be brought
into contact in the usual course of business; a
car —

equipped with practical and efficient automatic
couplers • • • which will couple automatically
with those of their (own) kind, fully and literally
complies with the terms of the law, although these
(such) couplers will not couple automatically with
automatic couplers of all (other) kinds or con-
structions. The dining car and the locomotive

NEW YORK CITY OWLS ON A PICNIC.

der orders, to make the coupling in question. The
trial court directed the jury to return a verdict
for the defendant. The Circuit Court of Ap-
peals, affirming the judgment of the trial court,
held that under the common law the plaintiff as-
sumed the risks and dangers of the coupling which
he endeavored to make and thai the provisions of
the statute in question did not have the effect of
relieving him from this burden, as was contended.
It also decided in the same connection that the
statute did not forbid the use of locomotives not
equipped with automatic couplers; that both the
engine and the car in question were equipped as
the law directs, the one with driving-wheel brakes
and the other with automatic couplers; that the
statute changes the common law and must be
strictly construed, and that the general law is not
to be abrogated by such a statute further than the
clear import of its language requires; that it was
also a penal statute, and its provisions should not
be so broadened by judicial construction as to

were both so equipped. Each was provided with
an automatic coupler which would couple with
those of its kind, as provided by the statute, al-
though they would not couple with each other.
Each was accordingly equipped as the statute di-
rects, and the defendant was guilty of no violation
of it by their use (page 470).

To review the judgment. of the Circuit Court of
Appeals affirming the judgment of the trial court
in favor of the defendant company, at the in-
stance of Johnson the case was brought into the
Supreme Court of the United States, both on
certiorari and by writ of error.

While the case was pending in the Supreme
Court, and before it had been argued there. Con-
gress enacted and the President approved the act
of March 2, 1903, ch. 976 (32 Stats., 943), en-
titled "An act to amend an act * * * approved
March 2, 1893," etc., by the first section of which
it was declared —

That the provisions and requirements of the act

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• • • March 2. 1893. • • • shall be held
to apply • • • «n ail cases, whether or not
the couplers brought together are of the same
kind, make, or type; and the provisions and re-
quirements hereof and of said acts relating to
train brakes, automatic couplers, grab irons, and
the height of drawbars shall be held to apply to all
trains, locomotives, tenders, cars, and similar ve-
hicles used on any railroad engaged in interstate
commerce, • • • and to all other locomotives,
tenders, cars, and similar vehicles used in con-
nection therewith.

with certain expressed exceptions not important
here. It must be noted that the act applies "m
all cases" of coupling or attempted coupling.

In this state of the law the Johnson case came
on for hearing before the Supreme Court and was
argued by counsel on October 31, 1904. On the
19th day of December, 1904, the unanimous court,
speaking through its Chief Justice, reversed the

intention of Congress, to defeat the object of the
legislation, and to be arrived at by an inadmissible
narrowness of construction.

The intention of Congress, declared in the pre-
amble and in sections 1 and 2 of the act, was **to
promote the safety of employes and travelers upon
railroads by compelling common carriers engaged
in interstate commerce to equip their cars with au-
tomatic couplers and continuous brakes, and their
locomotives with driving-wheel brakes,*' those
brakes to be accompanied with "appliances for ope-
rating the train brake system," and every car to be
''equipped with couplers coupling automatically by
impact, and which can be uncoupled without the
necessity of men going between the ends of the
cars," whereby the danger and risk consequent on
the existing system was averted as far as possible.

The present case is that of an injured employe
and involves the application of the act in respect
of automatic couplers, the prelixmnary question

LABOR DAY. LODGES NO. 229 AND 413, ELMIRA, N. Y.

judgments both of the Circuit Court of Appeals
and of the Circuit Court and remanded the cause,
with instructions to set aside the verdict and
award a new trial. (196 U. S., 1.)

In the course of its opinion the Supreme Court,
after setting forth in extenso the provision of sec-
tions 2 and 8 of the act of March 2, 1903, above
referred to, and after reciting that the Circuit
Court of Appeals had held, "in substance," "that
the locomotive and car were both equipped as re-
quired by the act, as the one had a power-driving-
wheel brake and the other a coupler; that section
2 did not apply to locomotives; • • • ^j^^j
that the locomotive^ as well as the dining car, was
furnished with an automatic coupler, so that each
was equipped as the statute required, if section 2
applied to both," proceeds as follows:

We are unable to accept these conclusions, not-
withstanding the able opinion of the majority, as
they appear to us to be inconsistent with the plain

being whether locomotives are required to be equip-
ped with such couplers. And it is not to be suc-
cessfully denied that they are so required if the
words "any car" of the second section were in-
tended to embrace and do embrace locomotives.
• • «

Now, it was as necessary for the safety of em-
ployes in coupling and uncoupling that locomo-
tives should be equipped with automatic couplers
as it was that freight and passenger and dining
cars should be. * * •

And manifestly the word "car" was used in its
generic sense. • • • Tested by context,
subject-matter, and object "any car" meant all
kinds of cars running on the rails, including
locomotives. • * •

The result is that if the locomotive in question
was not equipped with automatic couplers, the
company failed to comply with the provisions of
the act. It appears, however, that this locomotive

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ors

was in fact equipped with automatic couplers, as
well as the dining car, but that the couplers on
each, which were of different types, would not
couple with each other automatically by impact,
so as to render it unnecessary for men to go be*
tween the cars to couple and uncouple.

Nevertheless, the Circuit Court of Appeals was
of opinion that it would be an unwarrantable ex-
tension of the terms of the law to hold that
where the couplers would couple automatically
with couplers of their own kind the couplers must
so couple with couplers of different kinds. But
we think that what the act plainly forbade was
the use of cars which could not be coupled to-
gether automatically by impact by means of the

we are constrained to say that the construction put
upon the act by the Circuit Court of Appeals
was altogether too narrow. • • •

The primary object of the act was to promote
the public welfare by securing the safety of em-
ployes and travelers, and it was in that aspect
remedial, while for violations a penalty of $100,
rer:overable in a civil action, was provided for,
and in that aspect it was penal. But the design
to give relief was more dominant than to inflict
punishment • • •

Moreover, it is settled that "though penal laws
are to be construed strictly, yet the intention of
the legislature must govern in the construction of
penal as well as other statutes; and they are not

LABOR DAY. B. of R. T. LODGE NO. 109. LOGANSPORT. IND.

couplers actually used on the cars to be coupled.
The object was to protect the lives and limbs of
railroad employes by rendering it unnecessary for
a man operating the couplers to go between the
ends of the cars, and that object would be de-
feated, not necessarily by the use of automatic
couplers of different kinds, but if those different
kinds would not automatically couple with each
other. The point was that the railroad companies
should be compelled, respectively, to adopt de-
vices, whatever they were, which would act so
far uniformly as to eliminate the danger conse-
quent on men going between the cars.

If the language used were open to construction,

to be construed so strictly as to defeat the obvi-
ous intention of the legislature. • • • "
Tested by these principles, we think the view
of the Circuit Court of Appeals, which limits the
second section to merely providing automatic
couplers, does not give due effect to the words
"coupled automatically by impact, and which can
be uncoupled without the necessity of men going
between the cars," and can not be sustained.
• ••*••«•

The risk in coupling and uncoupling was the
evil sought to be remedied, and that risk was to
be obviated by the use of couplers actually coup-
ling automatically. True, uo particular design

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was required, but whatever the devices used, they
were to be effectively interchangeable. • • •

That this was the scope of the statute is con-
firmed by the circumstances surrounding its en-
actment as exhibited in public documents to
which we are at liberty to refer. * * •

In the present case the couplings would not
work together, Johnson was obliged to go b^.-
tween the cars, and the law was not complied
with. • • •

Referring to the act of March 2, 1903, amend-
ing the prior act of 1893, the court said:

As we have no doubt of the meaning of the
prior law, the subsequent legislation can not be
regarded as intended to operate to destroy it.
Indeed, the latter act is affirmative and declara-
tory, and, in effect, only construed and applied
the former act. • • • This legislative
recognition of the scope of the prior law fortifies
and does not weaken the conclusion at which we
have arrived.

The rules laid down in that case by Chief Jus-
tice Fuller are controlling in the disposition of
the points raised by the defendant in this case.

B. or R. GENERAL COMMITTEE. E. P. S. W.
W. F. Whiitingham, Secy. J. A. Farquharson, Cbm.

A. F. Whitney. V. G. M. A. F. Tplllinger. V. C.

Such a construction must be given the statute as
will accomplish the evident intent of Congress.
The statute must not be frittered away by ju-
dicial construction. The court can not read into
the statute what Congress has omitted.

Other authorities, unnecessary to cite, appear
in the reports. The case cited above is the last
of the highest court of the land. It is in accord
or confirmatory of many decisions in the District
Courts cited in the brief and is controlling.

The argument of the claim that the act of Con-
gress is unconstitutional was not, as the court
understood counsel, seriously insisted on. Only
the opinions of Judge Evans in U. S. v. Scott
(H8 V. R., 431), and Brooks v. Southern Pacific
Co. (148 F. R., 986), were cited for the position
when the court reminded or asked counsel if the
contrary had not been decided, and counsel for
complainant answered the argument, it is best

for the court to consider and pass upon the ques-
tion raised. I can not concur in the views or
argument of Judge Evans and Judge McCall in
an opinion in the same reporter, that the act is
in excess of power granted to Congress and for
that reason void. These opinions were on the
first case, as to provision making it a criminal
offense for any employer to require any employe
to agree not to become or remain a member of a
labor organization, etc.

As it is understood this question is now before
the Supreme Court on appeal it would seem un-
necessary to discuss it further than to hold the
act of Congress and the amendatory acts are not
in violation of the Constitution as contended by
defendants in this cause. (Spain v. St, L. & S.
F. R. Co., 161 F. R.. 522.)

The demurrer is overruled and a decree will
be entered accordingly, with the usual leave to

Equality.

In the September Journal I read an article
written by Brother Porter of Lodge No. 602,
where he says: "Do you think our present system
of insurance is right? I think it is all right.
Why? Because it is equal. There are but few
brothers who are seventy years old, and few that
are sixty. To make a guess, you would find the
average would be thirty-two."

To make the old man pay more than the young
man would be an imposition on the old man. He
is the one that has fought all the battles of cheap
labor to the present scale of today. Then why not
have the young man pay the same rate as those
before him? I am one of these old men, eighteen
years a Brotherhood man, but I am only fifty-five
years old, not seventy, and I don't see anything
wrong about the system. I belong to other socie-
ties that have the rate plan. I joined one of them
twenty-nine years ago, and took out one thousand
dollars, at the rate of thirty-five cents an assess-
ment. For two years it cost me thirty-five cents
per month, after that, seventy cents. Eight years
ago it was raised, or, in other words, a new rate
was made. Now it costs me one dollar and eighty-
three cents per month.

I tell you, when we get old, we are like the
horse. We take him out and kill him when he
cannot trot in his class. This is the way Brother
Porter's article sounds to me. Raise the old man's
dues, and if he cannot stand for it, let him drop.
We don't care. This is not brotherly love. The
young should take care of the old, for they are
the ones that get the wages of today.

Member Lodge No. 357.

Something Doing.

Just a few lines I have to offer on our brother
no bill, non air or grafter, the latter being more
suitable, for Mr. Non Air is simply grafting the
blood money from all Brotherhood members who
pay the assessments of all increases that have been
donated to him by the Brotherhood of Railroad

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Trainmen and some have the nerve to say th6 rail-
road companies are paying good wages now. Yes,
they are, that is true, and they could be made to
pay more if there wasn't a whole lot of such scabs
like you, Mr. Non Air, holding down our hind
ends. If you will only stop to consider, where in
the world would we be, Mr. No Bill, if we were
all like you? Just simply down and out, and
would have to live like a lot of paupers. Organ*
ized worldngmen have fared better than the fel-
lows who make individual arrangements for their
pay or take what is offered jthem. On railways in
the past five years the Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen has been advanced about 16 and 20 per
cent. Could this have been accomplished by the
order of Non Airs? Nit I The general managers
would have ordered you all switched behind, the
same as the organization with the burial vault
design printed on its Journal, cover the dead ones.
Be consistent now, Mr. Non Air, and join the or-
ganization that has taken care of you and your
families and put vour wages on a scale that you
may be kept from poverty row or the poor-house.
Ohio City, No. 237, has a good set of officers
and our meetings are well attended. We have
opened up a repair shop for the non airs and we
are doing fine. We have done away with riding
the goat and give the new candidates a full line
of new air to start out with. To show you, broth-
ers, how successful this is. and the hit we made,
we had 58 applicants at our last regular meeting,
to be fitted on with a full line of air at our next
meeting. All thanks to our grand and faithful
Brother Lewis, who has been deputized as or-
ganizer by our lodge, for the 68 new applicants.
Now some of you hot air shooters, get busy, and
each one of you get one new member by the first
of the year and swell our membership to 160,000,
instead of 95,000. 'ihis can be accomplished very
easily if you have your own and the Brotherhood
of Railroad Trainmen's organization and interests
at heart.

Yours fraternally,

F. W. MORWICK.

And — Comes Christmas.

Received the "Queen" watch promptly and in
excellent condition and was more than pleased
with it.

I presented it to my wife and the delight and
appreciation she expressed on receiving it more
than repaid me for the few hours time I spent in
collecting subscriptions.

I wish to express my thanks and also say a few
words of encouragement to the "boys" who are
collecting subscribers. Christmas is coming, and
if you wish to present your wife or daughter with
a most acceptable gift and enjoy her delight and
appreciation, then get a "move on," gather thirty
subscribers and present her with a "Queen" watch.
I am speaking from experience.

Fraternally,

E. M. BtDSON.

The Home,

Highland Park. lU., Oct Ist, 1907.
The following donations have been received at
the Home for the month of September:
B. R. T. Lodges.

86 % 8.00 272.., % 8.30

48 8.00 401 6.00

62 10.00 420 8.00

82 8.00 447 12.00

88 12.00 461 2.00

182 8.00 617 26.00

216 2.00 662 6.05

224 2.00 632 6.00

248 12.00 645 10.00

ToUl $126 . 80

L. A. T. Lodges.

49 $ 2.00 270 $ 1.00

110 6.00 296 2.00

136 5.00 842 4.00

150 2.00 853 2.00

Total $28 . 00

Summary.

O. R. C Divisions $ 76.00

B. R. T. Lodges 126.30

B. L. E. Divisions 255.25

B. L. F. Lodges 76.50

L. A. C. Divisions 87.95

L. A. T. Lodges 23.00

G. L A. Divisions 85.00

L. S. to F. Lodges 19.00

James Costello, No. 270, O. R. C 1 .00

Alfred Lunt, No. 466, B. R. T 1 .00

Proceeds of a picnic held at the Home by

Fidelity Lodge No. 4, L. A. T 22 .05

Sale of junk 5.00

Total $676.05

Respectfully submitted,

John O'Kripi^
Sec & Treas.

Proctor, Minn.

I take a great interest in the Journal. Situa-
ted as I am, to me the Journal is the Brother-
hood. It reflects all that is in the Order and
brings sunshine to me every month in my switch
shanty, where I treasure every number from
month to month. It is at once my library and my
book of reference. In it I find a solace to while
away many an otherwise gloomy hour; but I miss
many of my old friends among its correspondents.
How I did enjoy Brother Matt Ronan's letters to
the Journal. Of course we all have our favorite
writers, but he was mine and I do wish he could
be induced to write to the Journal every month.
He is the old timer that strikes a cord in the
breast of every old rail in the country and wakes
them up for a time at least. The article entitled
Twenty Years in the Brotherhood caused a furore
among the old timers, but I consider his letter in
the June Journal, 1906, as a masterpiece, and only

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with he would write more like it. I do not want
to pUy favorites altogether, but would like to hear
from them all. I take the greatest interest in our
Brotherhood and take great pride in being an old
member.

With best wishes for our whole Brotherhood,
and the Journal in particular.
I remain yours truly.

W. J. Maloniy,
Hill Top Lodge, No. 629.

The Overthrow Of Americans.

I read with a great deal of interest the informa-
tion in the October Journal relating to the foreign
cheap labor that is threatening the living standard
of our American workmen.

When we have to compete with Hindu coolies,
Japanese and other cheap labor, it will not be long
until the living sUndards and wage-earning abili-
ties of our native employes will appreciably dimin-
ish.

I am employed by the Utah Copper Mining
Company, which has in the neighborhood of 600
Greeks, Austrians and lUlians at work, and who
are paid $2.26 per day, as against $8.00 per day
paid to other classes engaged in the same occupa-
tions. Then the foreign workmen work ten hours
a day, as against eight hours' work by the native
employes.

I have in mind a Greek boy, who is carrying
water. He receives $2.00 per day. He has been
here five months, supported himself, and has $250
saved, and placed to his credit. Can any one live
as a man should live and save that amount of
money from his wages? This boy lives as well as
the rest of his countrymen, and, as near as I can
come to it, his living and clothing expenses do not
average more than $10 a month.

What hope is there for our kind of people if
we are brought in competition with labor of this
kind? These people, as a rule, do not spend their
money in this country, and, for that reason, if for
no oihtr, tre of Kttle benefit to it, as compared
with the American workman, who spends the
greater portion of what he makes in buying the
products of other workmen. He creates as well
as supplies a market, keeps business moving, and
contributes his full share toward the busines pros-
perity of the country, while the man who works
for wages, and does not spend them, is a dead
weight on the entire industrial arrangement.

L. L. Coats,
Lodge No. 324.

Sunny South Lodge No. 211.

The night of September 11th. being the first
regular meeting night of that month for No. 211.
can be considered an epoch for this lodge, and 1
am sure will long be remembered by all the mem-
bers who had the good fortune to be present at
that meeting. Our Vice Grand Master, T. R.
Dodge, who has been appointed to supervise this
district, paid our lodge a visit and, taking the
Master's chair, gave sfi a thorough illustration of
how the business of a lodge could and should be
expeditiously carried on, though he had to use the
gavel constantly to do so, the side talking habit
being a difficult matter for most of the members
to overcome, but Brother Dodge showed a deter-
mined front and eventually gave them to under-
stand that one man was sufficient to talk at a time.
In making this statement it is not my desire to
oflfer any disparagement to our Worthy Master.
than whom no truer hearted Brotherhood man or
more competent Master of a subordinate lodge
can be found; but he will naturally be a little
lenient with brothers with whom he comes in con-
Uct every day. We had two initiations that same
night, and right there is where Brother Dodge
showed his capability for handling the business of
our Order. The impressive manner of imparting
the obligation and the plain and explicit instruc-
tion of the secret work were something worthy to
be remembered.

Brother Dodge, before closing the lodge, gave
us a forcible and enlightened talk regarding the
past and present status of our Order, and all who
heard him cannot but feel proud of and wonder
at the work done and how much has been ac-
complished by our great Captain and his worthy
lieutenants during the last twelve years. He told
us what the membership of the Order was today
and to what point he hoped it would be brought
by the ending of the year, and in order to bring
it to that point, he exhorted every member to use
his utmost endeavor and influence toward that end.

All in all, the night of September 11th marked
an epoch in this lodge which will long be re-
membered. Brother Dodge, on bidding us good
bye, gave us the promise that at as early a day as
possible he would again pay us a visit, but as he
has in the neighborhood of two hundred lodges
to look after, and they are scattered over a large
territory it will be quite a while before be can
fulfill that promise; however, that day will be
looked for with much anxiety by every member
of No. 211.

Pbodxgal.

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EDITORIAL

Vol, XXIV.

No. 11

A White Man's Country.

Shall the United States and Canada re-
main in the hands of the whites or shall
each in turn, or together, turn over to the
yellow and brown people of the Orient
the lands that appeal to them as the fairest
on earth?

The Oriental has turned his eyes toward
a land of promise. Its opportunities are
golden to him. Even at their worst they
hold out hopes that never can be realized
in his own home land. Centuries of pov-
erty, dumb obedience to arbitrary rule and
devotion to tradition are giving way before
the knowledge that somewhere else there
are better things of every kind that wait
fof the taking and, if all signs are not false,
they will take them unless they are abso-
lutely shut off by legislation that will keep
them out.

There is a determined effort on the part
of those who want cheap labor to appeal
to the patriotic sentiments of the two coun-
tries. It may be true that the west needs
cheap labor but the country at large and
the people of the west who must live as
they have been taught to live do not need
it. It is not a question that can be left for
solution to those who alone profit by Asi-
atic labor. It might better be left to those
who know what fair wages and living mean
for even if wages were high, what would
they benefit a country if there were no
differences in the standard of living for the
low-priced worker?

Of what use would be good wages to the
workman who lived like a rat and sent his

money out of the country to keep others in
another land? The earning power and a
high standard of living must go together
if the country itself is to profit. The
ability of each community to use a fair
proportion of the products of all other pro-
ducers establishes its worth as a com-
munity. What benefit to any city are its
slums that shelter the sweat-shops and the
other avenues through which miserable
humanity drags out a living? What a
travesty on the name, life, and yet, people
hang to it under all conditions.

The Asiatic is a cheap worker and a
cheaper liver. It is an evil combination in
a country that has attempted to bring its
people upward to a higher mental and
physical plane. It is a combination that is
dangerous. The patriotism is dangerous
that demands the admission ♦of "all the op-
pressed of the earth" and bums out when
it comes to the payment of wages that will
further assist them to the liberty and hap-
piness that are so much quoted until after
they enter the gates and take their places
in the fierce competition for a living.

The outbreaks against Asiatic workmen
on the Pacific Coast are to be regretted, of
course. All violation of law and order
naturally are in any country that presumes
to be governed by the laws the people make
for themselves. But, there are times when
the laws do not protect; when the dilatory
tactics of the law makers, wavering between
political schemes and importunities of the
"Divine rights" class, do not make the laws

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conform to the necessities of the people
and when patience, sorely tried by senseless
delay, is aggravated by the loss of a chance
to work for a decent living it is not un-
natural that outbreaks occur.

They are the regrettable evidences of the
legal dallying with a subject that means
everything to the white people who cannot
consent to quit their standards of living
because there are a few people in the coun-
try who feel it is right for them to slip
back into the dark ages and take their
places as workers alongside of the Orientals
and live as they live.

Again, when it becomes a question of
whether the whites will surrender to the
demands of the cheap labor hunters or de-
fy them as they have, we fear that defiance
will take the place of established order.
Another matter that even in thought must
be regretted but in this event ultimate re-
gret can be avoided by leaving no excuse
for it.

It is a fine thing for the man with noth-
ing at stake to refer to the patriotism of
the nation as above denying the right of
these yellow and brown races to come to us
and take away our right to live as we have
earned a right to live. It is no question of
patriotism with such a defender of the
"rights of the world" to dump the refuse
of the world in our lap. It is simply an
exhibition of the dreamer or the finance
mad anarchist who breathes love for his
country but everlasting damnation for his
fellow-men. His country to him is repre-
sented in its riches and among his valuable
assets he holds cheap labor as the greatest
of them all.

The people in the east of Canada and the
United States do not understand the ques-
tion because they have not met it. They
have not seen the competition of the Asi-
atic in actual employment and while they
are in sympathy with the movement to keep
out the Asiatics they are not at all insistent
over it. But why wait to oppose them until
they are on the ground and it is too late?
Now is the time to demand legislation re-
gardless of what the Asiatics think of it.
We do not mean to be brutal or offensive
or even humiliate them in any way, but the
fact ought to be known for all time that

this is to be a white man's cotmtfy. If
Europe is in sympathy with Asia, let
Europe take the drift and use it.

The outbreak at Vancouver, showing the
Asiatics that it was not alone the United
States that objected to Asiatic labor, si-
lenced the demands of Japan for the time,
but it is for a time only. Canada, how-
ever, has taken her place on the defensive
against Asia and ^e are glad of it.

The press is divided on the question.
All deplore that violence gave way to rea-
son, but almost all of them agree that it
was a natural consequence.

We quote from the Vancouver World:
"We are not called upon to rejoice m the wild
work of Saturday, but neither are we called upon
to deny that, as the dispatches show, it has focused
the attention of the Empire on the Asiatic issue
as nothing else had done. It is now recognized
as it was never recognized before that the Jap-
nese question is a Pacific Coast question, that
Canada is as much concerned in it as California.
It is perceived that the white men of Australasia
and South Africa in resisting the inflow of Asi-
atics have been fighting the battle of the white
races against the yellow and brown, that they are
the true guardians of the frontiers, and that, if
posterity ever settles on the claims now being
pegged out for it. it will be because the men in
the outlands kept them from being jumped by the
millions of India, China, and Japan. For the first
time since she became a colonizing power Great
Britain realizes that her colonies are not mere
pawns on the international chessboard and that
no treaties will hold them still while the Orientals
swarm over them. It has at last dawned on
Ottawa, London, and Washington that this is no
mere question of Transvaal miners against the
Chinese, California labor unions against the Jap-
anese, or Vancouver workmen against both and
the Hindus to boot, but that all ^re phases of a
world issue, the continued predominance of the
white man in the face of the economic competition
of the Asiatic. Doubtless it would have come
sooner or later in any event; but there is good
reason for us to be thankful that, if it was to
come as a result of anything done here in Van-
couver, what was done was no worse.'*

We quote from The Colonist, Victoria,
B. C:

*'Last fall the C P. R. steamers brought over a
horde of the Hindus, and most Vancouverites well
remember the compassion aroused in their breasts
by the sight of these shivering strangers last win-
ter when, clothed in cast-off garments given by the
hand of charity, they followed every load of wood
that passed along the streeU, so that they might
earn a few cents to buy their meager rations.
More than this, the fact that they went about in
gangs begging at back door^ and innocently terri-
fying women with their dark faces and long gaunt

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fonns, will also be remembered. Not satisfied
with this, the C. P. R. has continued to pour Hindus
into this province by the steamers from Hong-
kong. And why? Because the company carries
no freight that pays so well.

"Why has the C. P. R. consistently discrimi-
nated against British Columbia in the transporta-
tion of white settlers by refusing to those settlers
coming here the same generous treatment aflforded
those buying ticke* for the Northwest? Why
does the C. P. R. so seek to create a demand for
Asiatics in this province? What more reasonable
reply than to point out that the C. P. R. has a
large share of the carrying trade in Asiatics?
Dividends! Dividends! Dividends! The future
of British Columbia and possibly the peace of the
Empire may be threatened, but the company must
earn dividends.

"It is well known the transatlantic lines have
for years kept their agents busy scouring Europe
for emigrants to fill the steerage of their vessels,
and the C. P. R. would seem to be keeping its
agents employed the same way in Asia. Unfor-
tunately for us, Asia produces Asiatics." • • •

"The supply of such immigrants is practically
inexhaustible. If they are to be permitted to
enter the Dominion as they please, they will swarm
in by thousands. Nearly a thousand of these peo-
ple arrived on our shores on Tuesday, and if they
secure employment there will be thousands more
to follow them. We do not believe that white
labor will come where Hindu labor dominates the
situation numerically, nor do we believe that a
country is ever industrially strong when the lower
ranks of labor are filled by a class which is and
must remain distinct from the rest of the com-
munity. The gravity of the question can not be
disputed, and it calls for very careful treatment.
Above all things it calls for diplomatic treatment.
Violence must not be thought of. A blow struck
at a Hindu in Canada may be felt by a white man
in India."

Mr. R. Brown, city editor of the Vancou-
ver Daily Province, wrote for Harpe/s
Weekly the views of his own townspeople
and from which we quote:

"Canada, unlike the United States, is hopelessly
divided against herself on the Oriental question.
Vancouver, rioter and spokesman for the Pacific
Coast, represents one extreme view; the federal
government at Ottawa, with command of immigra-
tion affairs and a wholesome respect for Britain's
imperial policy, the opposite view. For Vancouver,
let every one know, with one-seventh of her popu-
lation yellow, cares not a fig for the fact that
Britain and Japan are allies in the far East. If
Vancouver had her choice about it, England would
have no friends at all east of the Suez Canal. It
is a far cry for a city of any land to carry her
troubles half way around the world and back
again, but Vancouver has had a riot, and, if you
are to believe popular sentiment, fears not who
knows about it

"Uncle Sam had, in many quarters, at least a
9bow of sympathy for San Francisco, when the

separate school agitation there almost caused a^
rupture with Japan; but Vancouver is tilting prac-
tically alone against all the rest of Canada, in
trying to exclude Asiatics. Eastern Canada looks
with disgust on the disgraceful exhibitions of tem-
per in Vancouver. Horrified, ministers of the
Crown demand to know by what right a western
city, and a young one at that, should attempt to
dictate the whole immigration policy of the gov-
ernment. But Vancouver people, when the stranger
asks for an explanation of the riot and the burn-
ing of the efiigy of the Governor of British Co-
lumbia, merely take refuge in that time-worn but
eminently practical excuse that if the excitement
of the moment carried the crowd to fight and
burn, it is a fine lesson for the government, and
if the destruction of a few thousand dollars* worth
of plate glass will solve the question, the money
will have been well expended.

"Vancouver has been fighting the question at
long range and passing resolutions to be sent to
the government for ten years; the riot, disgraceful
as it tmdoubtedly was, became the smashing blow
that brought the matter to the attention of the
world. • • •

" 'White Canada!' is now the city's slogan. A
gay ribbon, carrying these words, flutters in every-
body's button-hole. The labor unions have taken
it np and a month's notice has been given to every
employer of Chinese and Japanese cooks and wait-
ers in the city that all must be replaced by white
labor, which will be furnished by the union.

"The unsophisticated Hindu — dirty and gaunt
and with a roll of pagan dry goods wrapped
around his head, but still a British subject — is re-
garded with complacency alongside the Japanese.
Five thousand of the latter — insolent and ag-
gressive— live and trade and prosper in Vancouver.
They are in every business, from brokerage to
sawmilling and fishing and tailoring. Everywhere
they compete in a finished style with every white
man. A Chinaman's word in business is as good
as the money in the national bank, but the Jap-
anese is a slippery individual, who drives a hai>d
bargain and never pays his debts if he can avoid
it In a few years he will be demanding the right
to vote, and will insist on a share in the civic and
provincial administration. But he does not assimi-
late and never will. His sons and daughters will
never be Canadians. They will always, in reality,
owe allegiance to the Mikado."

The objection to the Asiatics is not that
of race or color so much as it is the de-
claration of white men against competition
of those who will take their jobs and
wages, or much less wages, and drive out
the whites or make them take what the
Asiatic believes is enough. Color and
everything else give way before work,
wages and living. The white man has said
in anger, following his peaceful protest,
that he will not give up his right to live as
he has earned the rigfht tQ Ijve.

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William Hemingway, in Harper's Weekly
summed up the question thus:

"The present violent outbreak against the Orien-
tals is the illegal outcome of years of law-abiding
objections to their presence in British Columbia,
similar to the exclusion agitation.

Many Chinese coolies came here and earned
wages that were big to them, saved money, went
back to China and lived on the fat of the land.
More coolies came in their places and hoped to
do likewise. While Chinese immigration has been
much reduced of late, the Japanese have been
migrating into this province in great numbers,
especially since the close of Japan's war with
Russia, two years ago.

'The cheap yellow and brown men have driven
out the whites and Indians from the salmon fisher-
ies and canneries, the farms, and the mines. Ori-
entals form one-quarter of the population of Van-
couver, the principal city of British Columbia,
which contains in all seventy thousand people.
During the last two years thousands of inefficient
Hindus have come in, too; but the chief objec-

tion to them is that their poverty makes them a
heavy drain on public and private charity."

The Pall Mall Gazette, London, conser-
vative to the limit, has said:

"The Asiatic makes his entry into Canada under
the auspices of the Great God of Cheapness. He
comes with an offer to take work at half the rate
or less than is paid for white men's labor, an ar-
rangement which none the less can be carried out
on a basis which involves a great advance upon
the scale of remuneration enjoyed in his own
country. In competition of this character the
Caucasian believes, and all economic reasoning
seems to support hmi, that his own standards of
life are certain to be depleted and destroyed."

Let us wake up right once and demand
effective legislation in Canada and the
United States that will make both coun-
tries certain to the white man for all time.
It is a question of self-defense for the
home, the nation and the future of both.

Hard Times Promised.

We believe that if certain financiers could
have their way the country would be
plunged into a business depression that
would outdo everything of the kind we
have ever had to experience.

The "divine rights" and ''trustees of
God" magnates feel they were unfairly
dealt with when they were ordered to obey
the laws they have always professed to be-
lieve were so necessary a part of our gov-
ernmental machinery. It was all right to
talk of our great land and its beneficent
laws as long as those laws applied to the
people and the profits of the lands went to
themselves, but when the time came to obey
the law and divide the profits they changed
their tune; and if all signs are not wrong,
they will let old "Mr. Common Peepul"
know that when the corporation tail is
twisted that the corporation teeth can bite.

The disposition to get even with the peo-
ple cannot be covered up. The expressions
of pessimism are finding ample excuse in
the whispers of hard times to follow legis-
lative hysteria.

There is no question but that the am-
bition to soak the railroads has resulted in
certain offensive legislation. A corporation

has as much right to a legitimate profit as
an individual has and if it is the duty of a
legislative body to protect the people it
ought to have sense and fairness enough to
understand what protection means to the
people and their corporations for if it is
unfair to the latter it is of no profit to the
people. It is hard to make some people
realize that when any business is unfairly
treated that it is only a question of time
until they will pay the freight for their
errors, but it is the truth just the same.

There is a tightening up in certain in-
dustries. The iron trade sends up dismal
wails over the outlook for 1908. The crop
report does not show any phenomenal re-
sults and as there are certain financiers who
have been compelled to let up on their
inner methods and do business fairly they
have felt the "iron hand of the oppressor"
and let loose the usual cries of the wounded
who feel the rest of the world was created
for their benefit.

Mr. Ripley of the Santa Fe has joined
the crowd of pessimists. In an interview,
he said:

"I take a very gloomy view of the
future. I cannot see how we can escape

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hard times. The country has been worked
into a terrible 'hysteria over railroads and
corporations until the people are likely to
do most anything so long as a railroad or
a corporation is hit hard.

"The hysteria has affected high places,"
he added, "and has resulted in grand stand
plays where we might reasonably expect to
find calm and deliberate judgment. I can
see evidences of trouble ahead despite the
fact that railroads just now are busy.

"In a short time there will be two men to
every railroad job instead of two jobs to
every man. As for railway buying or rail-
way building, I could not recommend our
directors to build another foot of road in
Texas with the laws they have passed there
or in one or two other states I could men-
tion."

There is considerable merit in his refer-
ences to hysterical legislation, but the grand

stand plays have not all been hysterical
and it is unfair to class every legislative
reform or judicial application of the law
as a grand stand play.

The statements attributed to Mr. Ripley,
we think are based on his objections to state
laws of varying powers that restrict rail-
ways in so many different ways as to cause
general disarrangement of operating meth-
ods. He favors a national law. So do we.

But let us hope that by the time the lines
started are well toward completion that the
scare that stocks and bonds are experien-
cing will be over and things look brighter
all the way down the line.

As a matter of prudence, however, ad-
mitting that certain capitalists can shut off
business to a degree, it will be good policy
for every man who has a job to hang on
to it.

The Differential Allowed Switchmen.

The outcome of the temporary settlement
of the Colorado and Southern strike is the
establishment of a differentia] of two cents
an hour in the pay of switchmen for the
territory included in the settlement as will
be herein shown.

This adjusts all of the questions raised
prior to the Chicago settlement whereby
wages of road and yard men were read-
justed for the territory including Chicago,
and, what is known as the Chicago standard
territory. The new rate will hereafter ap-
ply in all wage questions and doubtless will
be maintained, for the very good reasons
offered to the arbitrator by Grand Master
Morrissey and added to by the fact that all
wages in the zone affected are higher than
elsewhere.

The decision of the arbitrator, Hon. E.
E. Clark, of the Interstate Commerce Com-
mission, herewith follows:

Washington, B. C, Sept. 23, 1907.
Mr. J. E. Hurley, General Manager, Atchi-
son, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. Co., Topeka,
Kansas :

Mr. P. H. Morrissey, Grand Master, Broth-
erhood of Railroad Trainmen, Qeveland,
Ohio.

Gentlemen: — ^An agreement reached at
Denver, Colorado, on August 31, 1907,
signed by Mr. R. H. Ingram for the rail-
ways and by Mr. P. H. Morrissey for the
employes, provides for submission to the
undersigned as arbitrator the questions of
whether or not the yardmen in the herein-
after described territory shall be granted
certain requested increased compensation,
and, if so, upon what date shall the in-
crease be effective. The questions were
argued by Mr. J. E. Hurley for the rail-
ways and Mr. P. H. Morrissey for the em-
ployes. The following conclusions are
reached :

Facts support the contention that the ter-
ritory in question is and for a long time has
been one in which generally higher wages
obtain than in territory farther east. This
is true as to railway employes as well as to
other wage earners. In many instances the
railways, parties to this arbitration, pay

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to other classes of employes higher rates in
this territory than they pay to these same
classes of employes farther east. The policy
of mepsuring increases in pay by uniform
percentages in the different territories has
accentuated the differences in rates of pay,
and must still further accentuate those dif-
ferences so long as that plan is followed.

The principle of a higher rate of pay for
the class of employes now under considera-
tion in this territory has not heretofore
been recognized, although contended by
the employes at times and, by mutual agree-
ment, withdrawn without prejudice in con-
nection with general wage movement a few
months ^ since, and referred for settlement
to the roads directly interested and their
employes. There seems to be no good rea-
son for denying this class of employes sub-
stantially the same recognition in this zone
that is accorded to nearly all other classes
of labor. It is not believed that to do so
will furnish or establish any new precedent
or principle that can be seized upon to up-
set existing principles or conditions or that
will afford a leverage for furthering unjust
or unreasonable demands.

Granting the request of these employes
for a differential of two cents per hour
higher than the present "Chicago stand-
ard" means to make their pay substantially
six per cent higher than that standard,
which is in turn higher than generally pre-
vails still further East and South. There
does not appear to be any fixed or estab-
lished rule governing the difference of pay
of men in the territory involved in this
proceeding and the territory farther East.
It is, however, certain that the six per
cent proposed in this instance is not ex-
cessive or unreasonable in comparison.

It is argued that the increase now pro-
posed added to the general increase made
in November, 1906, makes an unusually
high percentage of increase. It appears,
however, that the total of increase to this
class of employes will not aggregate a sub-
stantially higher percentage during the past
few years than has been accorded to other
classes of employes whose compensation
bears a direct relationship to that of the
men now under consideration.
The number of regular employes affected

by this decision is probably not more than
2,500. No plea of financial inability to pay
the increase contended for is presented.

It is therefore adjudged and awarded
that "the wages of yardmen, i. e., foremen,
helpers, herders (or yard pilots) and hill
conductors and brakemen included in yard
schedules" shall be increased one cent per
hour over and above the rates made effec-
tive September 1st, 1907, at the Denver
conference, and at which time agreement
for this arbitration was reached. This in-
crease will apply on railway systems and
in their yard as follows:

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe.—Color-
ado Springs, Pueblo, Trinidad and terri-
tory west and south thereof.

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, Coast
Lines. — Entire territory.

Colorado Midland.— Leadville, Basalt
and Cardiff.
Chicago. Burlington & Quincy.— Denver.
Colorado & Southern. — Denver and
points west thereof, and south to and in-
cluding Trinidad.

Denver & Rio Grande and Rio Grande
Western.— Entire territory.

Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific— Ros-
well, Colorado.

El Paso & Southwestern. — Entire terri-
tory, except El Paso, which will carry the
same rate as other roads at that point.

Galveston, Harrisburg & San Antonio.—
El Paso.
Missouri Pacific— Pueblo.
Oregon Railroad & Navigation Co.— En-
tire territory.
Oregon Short Line.— Entire territory.
San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake.—
Entire territory.

Southern Pacific Company, Pacific Sys-
tem.—Entire territory, including the lines
in Oregon and lines east of Sparks.
Union Pacific— Denver, Cheyenne & West.
Texas & Pacific— El Paso.
The increased rate herein awarded will
become effective as to all the territory
above described on October 1st, 1907.
(Signed) E. E. Clark,

Arbitrator.
All credit will be given the men on the
Colorado & Southern who led the fight
for the differential. The men^n the other
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roads aflFected were just as ready to take
up the matter if it had been necessary, but
fortunately it was not.

The loyalty of the men will always stand
as an example of what true loyalty means in
labor organization work. Not a man re-
fused to join with his associates, not one
of them deserted during the strike and
not one of them showed in any way that
he had lost faith in the Brotherhood.

For a railroad strike it was a long one
and particularly so to be a successful one.
Strike breakers were brought in plenty, but
they did not succeed in doing the work.
The usual run of bums tried the job and
the company was evidently glad to be well
rid of them, for when the first sign of set-
tlement came every one was discharged
and every striker returned to the service.

This is an expression of confidence in the
men that cannot be lost sight of and is a
compliment to their ability and worth as
employes.

There is one lesson that ought to im-
press itself on every train and yard man
and that is that one branch of the service
needs the full assistance of the other if it
expects to accomplish anything in the face of
determined opposition from the employer.

The critics of the Brotherhood who have
been wondering how it would work out if
the jrard men had to fight for their rights
ought to be ssftisfied that when the time
comes the road and yard men are united.
The Brotherhood is not a divided organi-
zation. The road and yard men of this
Brotherhood will work together.

The Rights Of The Public.

During the strike on the Colorado
and Southern we were treated to several
dissertations on the rights of the public,
all to the effect that the employes owed
a public duty to the rest of the population
and it was their business to keep at work.

It also is the duty of the manufacturer,
the coal mine owner or the farmer, to keep at
work in the interests of the public, but who
dares say the government must force them
to keep at it if they do not want to? Who
will tell a factory owner that he owes it
to the public to keep his factory open at a
loss and expect to have attention given his
demand ? But when the same advisers, who
stand up for the rights of the public, de-
clare that workmen must keep going at a
loss they feci fully within their rights and
expect their notions will be at once com-
plied with.

So far as the interests of the public are
concerned they are the common interest of
all the people, not of one particular part
that demands to be kept going at the ex-
pense of another part. There is such a
thing as individual right and freedom of
contract, or so the associations of employ-
ers tell us, that belong to every man, and
it is proper to exercise that right as it suits

him. His own interests are paramount ; the
concerns of others are secondary. Because
a man works for wages does not mean he
is a slave to the public. If he refuses to
sell his labor at a loss and quits he only pro-
tects his own interests against the purchas-
er, his employer, who will not pay the price.
The employer who refuses to pay labor its
price overlooks the interests of the public
just as much as does the man who refuses
to sell below price.

An idea of current comment on the ques-
tion can be gained by reading the following
from the Denver Republican:

"The strike of the switchmen on the Colorado
& Southern road directs renewed attention to the
obligation of the governinent*municipal, state or
national, as the case may be — to compel the opera-
tion of all great public utilities, such as railroads,
street cars, water works, lighting works and others,
which are of every-day importance in the life of
the country.

"In the operation of public utilities the people
have the deepest concern. Eventually they pay
the bills, and in case the operation of a railroad,
street car or other plant of that kind ceases for
any reason, the public is the greatest sufferer.

"It fhould always be borne in mind that the
owners of such plants are the trustees and the
employes the servants of the people. It is the
people who confer the right to corporations of the
kind in question to exist and to carry on their
business; and in behalf of the public it is the duty

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of the government to remove every obstacle in the fusal lo work ends his connection as an cm-

way of continued operation. Railroads must be , tt , , ^""" "* **" '^^

kept moving, and so of street cars, water works and P*^^^- ^^ ^^^^ ^^^y ^^^ ^^W whether hc

other plants which serve the people; and disputes WOrks Or not.

between employes and emjfloyers should not be Workmen undersUnd that when the busi-

permitted to interfere. Refusal on the part of the „^„^ ^r *u«- i rr

postoffice employes to do their work would not be "f'^ ^[ ^^*^ employer suffers they must

tolerated for a moment; and so far as the obli- share the loss. They are not looking for

gation to keep moving is concerned, the position losses, but when their work is performed at

of one of the great public utiliUes does not differ a figure that means loss to them SO far as

widely from that of the postoffice department. ^„^^u«^- r ...

-The merits of the switchmen's strike in the P^^^^^^asmg power of wages goes, then it IS
case of the Colorado & Southern road is not a '"f*^ busmess tO bring pressure tO bear tO
matter we are called upon to consider, and it does raise the wage rate to the living rate, and
not enter into or form a part of the present dis- above it, tO provide some of the gOod tllines
cussion. Without regard to whether the strikers ,.1,^4. ^l^ ^^^\^ • 1 • . . .

are making just or unjust demands, it is the duty *^^* ^^^ employer enjoys as his legitimate
of the government to see that the road is kept in ^^^"^ because he is in business. Do not
operation." overlook the fact that the employe is also in

This quotation is not an exceptional one business,
and the nature of it shows immediate per- it is surprising that in all of the demand
sonal concern. It demands that employes for the government to keep things moving
of railroads work under any conditions be- there is none that the government compel
cause they are needed all the time, but the employers to accede to the wage rate of
other employments can follow the old style the workmen. The entire question is, that
of fighting it out. There is a lack of prin- the government make the men work.'
ciple in the argument. If one employe The men, fortunately for them, are still a
must work as a public duty, why not all? part of the government Their right to sell
There is a certain set of persons who their labor is just as sacred as the right of
seem to believe that the government can the employers to sell their product at the
make men work whether they want to or best price they can force the public to pay.
not. The government does not presume to We are very willing, even anxious, for the
force its own employes to work, unless they time to come when employer and employe
are in the army or navy. It sets a price for will not have to suspend their relations and
their work, the employe can accept it or he force their issues, but the present methods
can quit. The government has no voice will have to continue until such time as the
about that part of his rights as a citizen. employers will be willing to pay labor what
The writer for the Denver Republican, it is worth, based on the amount of produc-
and his kind, labor under the impression tion and the cost of living, according to the
that all that is necessary to make men work best standards thereof,
is to issue a court oi^der to that effect and The right of the public to interfere is ad-
the work will go on. This might be ex- mitted. You cannot shut off back fence
cused as a Colorado notion bred in past gossip unless you get out of the sound of
practices peculiar to that State, but it does its voice, but one does not have to listen to
not go with intelligent workmen for all it seriously. The ideas of that part of the
t^^^t. public that demands the government make

When a man strikes he quits his job. His men work would have been all right five
interest in it is gone, aside from the natural hundred years ago, but things have changed
expectancy that by leaving the job with the since then. The men who go on strike are
rest of his co-workers he will force the em- a part of the public, they are clearly within
ployer to re-employ him at a better figure, their rights as such, and while the public
So far as his right to interfere unlawfully must necessarily suffer inconvenience be-
with the operation of the property goes, he cause of the strike, that is one of the re-
has none. He cannot construe his separa- suits of a strike. The general public has
tion from the service as a license to injure just as much right to suffer when the cause
his former employer any more than he is for the correction of injustice as the part
could find it an excuse to injure any one else, of the public on strike would have to bear
He is done with him for the time. His re- the burden of wrong alone.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 987

Why Joseph G. Cannon Should Not Be Speaker.

Whereas, We have reason to believe that Joseph G. Cannon has, as Speaker of the National
House of Representatives, used the influence and power of that great office to defeat the passage of
legislation sought by the railroad employes, and other working classes, both in the way of appointing
as members of the House Committee, to which such legislation was referred, men who were known
to be hostile to its enactment, and by denying it proper consideration by the House, also by per-
sonally going upon the floor of the House, and by the use of threats, intimidation and force, com-
jielling members to vote against our legislation contrary to their own convictions; therefore, be it

Resolved, By the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, in Eighth Biennial Convention assembled,
at Atlanta, Ga., May 20th, 1907, that we hereby denounce said actions of Mr. Cannon as arbitrary,
autocratic and not in keeping with American principles of government or fair play, and we solemnly*
protest against his re-election to this high and honorable office, upon which he has brought reproach,
as we believe his re-election would prejudice and render impossible of fair consideration by the House
of legislation looking to the protection of railroad employes and other classes of labor.

Resolution Eighth Biennial Convention of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, Atlanta, Georgia,
May 20th, 1907.

The Sixtieth Congress of the United representative for the railroad organiza-

States will convene on December 17th, tions.

1907. The first act of the House of Rep- During the Fifty-sixth Congress, amend-
resentatives will be to elect a Speaker. It ments to the Sherman Anti-Trust Law
is the usual procedure for the House to were proposed. The representatives of la-
select the choice of the majority party cau- bor were apprehensive that the purpose
cus, which doubtless will be the "Honor- of the proposed amendments to that law
able Uncle Joe." would be to afford relief to labor, and.

The absolute power of the Speaker of therefore, suggested an amendment which

the House to make or break legislation is they had drafted. Labor's amendment

admitted. Nothing can get by him unless came before the House for a vote, and was

he decides, and together with the Commit- adopted by a vote of 259 to 9 ; but conspicu-

tee on Rules, he forms one of the most ous among the nine voting against it was

arbitrary legislative tribunals that can be Mr. Cannon. D. C. R. June 2d, 1900, page

found on the face of the earth. The method 6994.

of procedure cries shame to our preten- After years of struggle, the railroad em-

sions to a democratic form of government, ployes of the country secured the passage

The members of the House tie themselves of a law, to save the lives and limbs of

by party agreement to let the Speaker do employes on railroads, commonly known

as he pleases with them, and he does. This as the Safety Appliance Law. This law

does not particularly apply to Mr. Can- provided for uniform, automatic car coup-

non, for each Speaker follows the same lers and power brakes on railroad trains,

party path. The objection to him as In the Fifty-seventh Congress, the ene-

Speaker, from our view point, is that we mies of that humane law made strenuous

feel he is naturally opposed to whatever efforts to fritter away its safe-guards, by

we want in legislation, and, therefore, will authorizing a reduction of the number of

do what he can to prevent our getting it. air brakes to be used in trains. The par-

We believe we would fare better in the liamentary situation was such that the only

hands of almost anyone else. way to prevent the passage of such a pro-

To show that our opposition is not based vision was to secure from the House, the
on personal prejudice, and that there is no passage of a motion instructing its con-
meaningless desire to see some one else ferees with the Senate committee to re-
elected to the position, we will refer brief- cede from it. Such a motion was made
ly to his work as a member of the House, and passed, but the Honorable Joseph G.
and as Speaker thereof, offering evidence Cannon voted against it, and consequently
prepared by Brother H. R. Fuller, National voted against the interest of labor and hu-

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988

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

manity. D. C. R. Feb. 23d, 1903, page
2704.

All interests of an important character,
other than labor, are represented in the
government of our country by separate de-
partments, with its chief executive officer,
a secretary, who is a member of the Presi-
dent's Cabinet. Labor has, therefore, for
years, sought the creation of a Department
of Labor, with a secretary, who, in the
President's Cabinet could request and speak
in the name of the vast interests of labor.

During the Fifty-seventh Congress, a bill
was introduced to create a new Depart-
ment of Commerce and Industries, and to
absorb the Department of Labor. If we
could not secure a separate department of
labor, with a cabinet officer at its head, or-
ganized labor was opposed to the Depart-
ment of Labor being made a subordinate
bureau in the then proposed new depart-
ment, and we asked that the Department
of Labor be left free and independent, until
such time as Congress might see the wis-
dom and necessity of making that depart-
ment executive in character, and that its
chief officer should be a member of the
President's Cabinet. When the bill was
under consideration in the House, a mem-
ber, one of labor's friends, moved to re-
commit the bill, with instructions to report
a bill to retain the department of labor as
a separate and independent department,
with a cabinet officer at its head, but the
Honorable Joseph G. Cannon voted against
this proposition. D. C. R. Jan. 17th, page 958.

In the Fifty-eighth Congress, Mr. Can-
non was elected Speaker and made up his
committees, (before which labor legisla-
tion would come), in such a manner as to
practically make it impossible for such leg-
islation to be reported or enacted.

Prior to the Fifty-ninth Congress, Mr.
Cannon was communicated with, and re-
spectfully petitioned that in his appoint-
ment of the committees before which la-
bor legislation should come, he might so
constitute these committees as to give la-
bor legislation a fairer hearing, considera-
tion and action. These petitions he utter-
ly ignored, and accentuated his hostile at-
titude by the appointment of members, if
possible, still more antagonistic.

During the Fifty-ninth Congress, the
committee having in charge our Employers'
Liability Bill sllnended it so as to require
the parents of the unmarried employe, who
was killed, to prove their dependency upon
him, before they could recover damages for
his death. Our objection to this unfair
amendment was made known to Speaker
Cannon, and an opportunity was asked to
correct it, when the bill was up for con-
sideration in the House. Speaker Can-
non declined to grant this request, aye be-
fore he would agree to recognize the mem-
ber of the House having the bill in charge
for the purpose of moving its passage, he
exacted a promise from him that he would
not offer an amendment to correct the de-
fect referred to, and by reason of the
critical parliamentary situation thus created
by the Speaker, we were compelled to per-
mit the bill to go through the House, with
the objectionable provision retained.

Labor has for years endeavored to secure
the passage by Congress of a law restrict-
ing immigration; the immense numbers,
now more than a million and a quarter,
coming to our country within a year. One
of the effectual means to secure this was an
educational test, and this was incorporated
in the bill before the 59th Congress; the
U. S. Senate having adopted it in a bill
which passed that body.

It was clear that a majority of the mem-
bers of the House of Representatives were
in favor of this bill, including the educa-
tional test, but Speaker Cannon not only
used the vast power and influence of his
office to defeat it- but he left the exalted
position of the Speaker, went upon the
floor of the House, and by force pulled
members out of their seats, and by threats
and intimidation, made enough of them go
between the official tellers of the House,
and vote against the proposition. As a re-
sult of his high-handed actions, the educa-
tional test was defeated and stricken from
the bill.

In the 58th Congress, the majority of
Speaker Cannon's Committee on Labor
adopted a series of resolutions containing
inquiries, which were incapable of intelli-
gent answers. This course was adopted to
avoid a record vote against Labor's £i^t
Hour Bill.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

989

In the 59th Congress, Speaker Cannon's
Committee on Labor was practically forbid-
den by him to report Labor's Eight Hour
Bill. The committee sought to prolong the
hearings to prevent a report on the bill. At
one session, a peculiar situation was cre-
ated. There were seven members present,
three of the majority party and four of the
minority party, and by a vote of four to
three, the chairman of the committee was
instructed to report the Eight Hour Bill to
the House, with a favorable recommenda-
tion that it pass. After the report was
made to the House, Speaker Cannon posi-
tively refused to recognize any member of
the House for the purpose of calling up
the bill for consideration ; and thus, through
his opposition and manipulation, the bill
failed of passage.

In the 58th Congress, Speaker Cannon's
appointees on the Judiciary Committee
smothered labor's anti-injunction bill by
prolonged hearings, and as a result of the
actions of his appointees on this committee
in the 59th Congress, all anti-injunction
bills were again smothered.

During the 59th Congress, Speaker Can-
non used his influence to force through the
House, without giving labor an opportunity
to be heard, an act repealing the operation
of the Eight Hour Law, so far as it applies
to alien labor in the construction of the
Panama Canal. It was stated in justifica-
tion that this action applies only to alien
laborers, but though this is true in so far
as the act itself is concerned, yet the result
has been that the men working on the
Panama Canal construction, whether
Americans or aliens, are working more
than eight hours.

Even so far back as in the 46th Congress,
on April 21st, 1879, a member of the House
offered a resolution to enforce the Eight
Hour Law. On May 7th, 1879, it was taken
up in the House for consideration. Mr.
Cannon opposed the resolution, and in re-
ply to a question whether the proclamation
of President Grant did not declare that
there should be "no reduction in the wages
of workmen on account of a reduction in
the hours of labor," Mr. Cannon said : "I
do not now recollect, but it is not material ;
the fact is the law as now executed is this ;

If they work ten hours, they get ten hours'
pay, and if they only work eight hours they
get only eight hours' pay. That is the man-
ner in which the law is now be-
ing executed, and so far as I am con-
cerned it will go on in that way, proclama-
tion or no proclamation."— Cofi^re^fiona/
Record, Vol 9, Pt, 1, page 1134.

On Mr. Cannon's motion, the resolution
to enforce the Eight Hour Law was laid on
the table. — Congressional Record, Vol, 9,
Pt. 1. page 1161.

When it is borne in mind that in very
few cases of government employes are the
wages or compensation set by law, that
they are settled generally by heads of de-
partments or wage boards, and that, there-
fore, a proclamation from the President
has all the force of a command to his sub-
ordinates, relative to such wages or com-
pensation, it clearly shows even the early
attitude of mind and hostility to labor of
the Honorable Joseph G. Cannon of
Illinois."

There is good reason to believe that if
there were courage enough in Congress to
break down the party yoke of precedent
that ties the House in a bundle, and hands
it over to the Speaker, that there could be
something done toward the election of a
Speaker who would at least be fair to our
propositions, and not oppose them without
reason. We are handicapped by prejudice
and have to wait the good pleasure of one
who is not in accord with us in anything,
for the introduction of such legislation as
we believe will be for our benefit and the
advantage of all of the people.

If the evidence herein submitted appears
sufficient to warrant a protest against his
election, make one to your Congressman,
and at least let it be known that we have
the courage to object to the methods em-
ployed by the House and the Speaker, if
Congress has not.

If the members of the Brotherhood feel
that it is right to protest against the elec-
tion of Speaker Cannon they can offer their
objections by resolution to their member
of Congress or they can offer their objec-
tions through a regularly appointed com-
mittee appointed to make known their views
to him.

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990 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The Switchmen's Union And Sympathetic

Strikes.

In view of the fact that there is consid- that participaiiS in a sympathitic strike,
erable discussion now being indulged in without the consent of the Grand Master,
concerning a recent demand of the Switch- will be immediately expelled. This is good,
men's Union for a re-adjustment of wages, plain English and cannot be misunderstood.
and the probable attitude of the Brother- We want to see labor win at all times, but
hood of Railroad Trainmen, it might be we positively refuse to be made cats paws
well as a matter of information to refer of any longer. Those who put the chest-
to the position taken in the past by the nuts in the fire will have to pull them out."
Switchmen's Union, regarding sympathetic This article is given over altogether to
movements. explaining why the members of the Switch-
It is the practice when one set of men men's Union must not engage in sympa-
undertake to do something, to expect that thetic strikes. At the time the Brotherhood
all others in any way connected with the was endeavori to adjust the wages for
service, will throw their sympathies into the the Trainmen in the western territory, and
controversy even to the extent of joining in the men on all of the lines had voted on
the forcing of the issue. the questk>n of striking to enforce their
The Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen demands, the April, 1907, issue of the
has not indulged in sympathetic strikes, and Journal of the Switchmen's Union, page
unless the Journal is very much mistaken, 344, offered the following advice to its
or conditions are entirely changed, it is not members :

to be expected that it will change from its "The various committees of the Brother-
present position in regard to such matters, hood of Railroad Trainmen, representing
It will observe its organization laws and the railroads west of Chicago, after many
its contracts. weeks ir session in Chicago, trying to ar-
Inasmuch as the Switchmen's Union has range a satisfactory wage scale, have finally
followed the granting of the differential for adjourned without reaching an amicable un-
the lines west of Denver, by a demand, the derstanding with the railway management
answer to which is expected at about the This, indeed, must place the Brotherhood
time this number is issued, it might be in a rather humiliating and embarrassing
well for our own members to understand predicament to explain WHY, after doing
the position of the Switchmen's Union, in so much for SWITCHMEN, they were
regard to lending its assistance to other or- unable to do as much for themselves,
ganizations. We are told that the western members of
In the August, 1902, issue, page 1198. we the Trainmen are taking a vote to decide
find an article stating the position of the whether they will accept the companies'
Switchmen's Union, from which we take offer (10 per cent increase for freight men;
the following excerpts : "The time has come *< per cent for passenger men), or strike
when the world at large must know the at- for a greater amount,
titude of the Switchmen's Union in regard Now, brothers, we hope the road men
to sympathetic strikes; and let us add that get all they ask for. We do not begrudge
whatever is said here will be fully lived up them a dollar a day of an increase if they
to in the future, no matter who it suits, or get it, and they would not be getting too
who it does not suit. Self-preservation is much at that, but what concern our mem-
the first law of nature." bers is this: your Grand Master, and your
"It wants to be thoroughly underst(fod by representatives, on the loth day of last
all members of the Switchmen's Union, that November, signed an agreement with the
any member or lodge of the organisation general mQnagers in Chicago, for an in-
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

991

crease of 4 cents per hour, taking eifect
November ist, 1906, You have been work-
ing under this new wage agreement for five
months, and everybody seems to be satis-
fied with present conditions.

Now, then, are you going to nullify what
your Grand Master and your committees
accomplished in Chicago, last November, by
going on a sympathetic strike, in case the
Trainmen carry out their threat f

You are not asked to scab, but simply at-
tend to your own business, the same as the
brotherhoods have invariably done when
we were in trouble.

Here is the position of this Union, and it
will admit of no compromise: no other or-
der, be what it may, has any just claim on
the jurisdiction of yard service. ABSO-
LUTELY NONE. From this position we
cannot recede one iota; to do so would be
a surrender of our rights.

This Union was founded for the protec-
tion of switchmen; its functions begin and
end right there.

To admit that any other organization has
a right to shape the destiny of switchmen,
makes our position untenable and ridiculous.

Again, we say, we hope the road men
will get all they are contending for, and
we will not feel a bit envious or jealous,
but they must not rely on the Switchmen's
Union of North America to engage in their
war, for this Union has been graduated
from the bitter school of experience."

We had no criticism to offer the Switch-
men's Union for stating that the organiza-
tion would not be drawn into a sympathetic
strike. We merely desire now to call the
attention of the members of this Brother-
hood to the position of the Switchmen's
Union, regarding the question of sympa-
thetic strikes.

Things Doing.

The suits brought by the Government
against certain lines of
Wettem Roadf ^oad entering Omaha, Ne-
'**•*• braska, have been heard

and the Safety Appliance Act has been
sustained in several of the cases while
others are held pending investigation by
the court.

The Burlington was the greatest offen-
der, having been adjudged guilty on four
counts and fined $100.00 for each offense.
The court held that "knowledge of the ex-
istence of the defective appliance is not
an element of defense, nor can it so be
recognized."

The cases heard and disposed of at
Omaha were as follows:

Missouri Pacific, one count in favor of
the Government and one count against;
Chicago and Northwestern, submitted on
demurrer; Union Pacific, judgment con-
fessed and fined $100.00; Union Stock
Yards Company, under advisement; Chi-
cago, Burlington and Quincy, two cases

joined; judgment for Government on four
counts, fined $400.00; same road, seven-
teen counts, cases continued.

A very important question came up dur-
ing the trials ' relating to the maximum
height of drawbars. Under the Safety Ap-
pliance Act the centres of draw bars must
be thirty-four and one-half inches from
the top of the rail, allowing a variation of
not more than three and one-half inches
between loaded and empty cars. It is on
the question of variation of heights that a
majority of the cases are held under ad-
visement.

The cases were all of that order that can
be classed as careless and neglectful. None
of the repairs needed were expensive and
the amount paid in fines would more than
have paid for the repairs. If the railroad
companies prefer suits with fines to re-
pairs that is their business, but they need
not overlook the fact that if an employe
uses a defective appliance in the perform-
ance of his duty that the employer is re-
sponsible if he is injured or killed.

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992 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The several peculiar factors that go to blow threatens we draw ourselves together,

make up a substantial part send for the navy, applaud what there is of

of our government are re- the army and withdraw the defenses from

* sponsible for the failure of our colonial territory and let the entire

this country to acquire outside possessions question go overboard in the necessity for

and hold, or govern, them properly. concentrating our defensive forces.

We bulled headlong into the Cuban war. It is to be regretted that the advocates of

and today few of us, if any, can intelligent- increased defenses are so radical in their

ly tell just why. We surely never sympa- utterances as to appear absurd. It is more

thized with the Cubans to the extent of dy- to be regretted that certain statesmen of

ing for them to say nothing of loading up unquestioned influence are opposed to add-

a never ending debt for coming generations ing to our defenses on sea and land. They

to pay. If our sympathies are so profound dare not forget that the price of peace is

and so easily touched we would, naturally, preparation for war. Yet, they ignore it for

have cleaned out the slave camps, the sweat political purposes.

shops and other places where our own peo- if there is any doubt about the matter,

pie are abused. It was merely getting after refer to the Spanish-American war. Re-

a nation we believed we could easily member the feverish haste with which $100.-

defeat and, again, there were certain com- 000,000 was placed in the sole charge of the

mercial interests that were strong for war. President to do with as he thought proper.

But, whatever the cause, we are now suf- Do not overlook the fact that the govem-

fering from the effects for the reason that ment bought every old tub it could find to

we undertook to do something and had to add to the strength of its navy. The hasty

do it in our own way, which clearly is not preparations, and lack of them, were re-

the right way. sponsible for more death than the battles

Our ideas of democracy and a republican and marches of the war and yet, as soon as

form of government are not calculated to it was over, we were ready to get deeper into

work well where our plans are not well un- the muddle and refused to profit by the

derstood. To get down to a short story of lessons taught at the beginning of the war.

it all we are policing Cuba and always will. We have had to police Cuba and we never

The Philippines are a mill stone about the made a pretense of allowing the Philippines

governmental neck and it fervently wishes to get along without guarding. We are

it had put the $300,000,000 in coast defenses afraid of a sudden attack by the Japs. Our

instead of into the Islands where it never cruisers and battleships all are to go to the

will be gotten out again. We took over west coast and leave our prized "expanded"

Hawaii and are ready to abandon it at the territory to go over to the enemy without

first sign of trouble with an eastern nation, a blow for its defense. It is the thing to

and all because our experiment of colonial do of course under the circumstances, for

government was undertaken without con- why stay to fight when defeat without bene-

sidering the ever present political feature fit is to be the certain result But, as we

of our plan of government. agree on this why not decide that it is al-

This nation needs outlying harbors for ways opportune to let go of a thing when

its commerce and a resting place for its it becomes too hot to hold ? Why not suffer

navy. All the country acquiesces in this a little jar to our pride rather than to have

belief, but if the question of fortifying any it bumped too hard? Why not admit we

of those same places comes before the gov- do not have the courage to follow up our

emment the politician rises and sends his plans of expanding our nation with proper

voice aloft in derision and the country with defenses on sea and land, and that we do

little war experience, applauds the money not know how to govern half civilized peo-

saver and the patriot. Coast defense, ad- pie. Sentiment will not permit their being

ditions to the army and navy and in fact shot ; they do not understand any other form

every intelligent feature of protective char- of government. Why not sell out if we

acter h thrown overboard. Then, when the can find a white purchaser.

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Wamtid. — To know the whereabouts of G. E.
Van Matre. Address W. H. Kane, Financier,

Lodge No. 583.

• • •

Wanted. — ^To know the present address of
Brother D. P. Shields. Last heard from at Van-
couver, B. C. Address A. B. Carleton, Financier,

Lodge No. 680.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the address of Jim Bronson.
Last heard from on the C. & S-. out of Denver,
Col., two years ago. Notify Jim Bronson, Sr.,
O. R. C. Division, No. 42, Trenton. Mo.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of C. A.
Myers, of Lodge No. 40. Last heard from was
working out of Big Springs, Texas, three or four
months ago. Address J. H. Kramer, Financier,

Lodge No. 49.

• • •

Anyone knowing the whereabouts of L. E.
Worrell, formerly a member of Lake Front Lodge,
No. 260, please notify James Pittaway, Master,
Lodge No. 260, No. 1201 American Trust Bldg.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the address of E. J. Ken-
nedy, formerly of the Great Northern Round
House, of Minneapolis. Minn. Last seen in St.
Paul, September 16th. 1907. Address W. W.
Hall. No. 80 Columbia Ave.. S. E.. St Cloud,

Minn.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of W. S.
Hackett. Last heard from he was sick at Fort
Worth, Texas. He was in the employ of the
Santa Fe R. R., as brakeman. Please notify his
wife. Mrs. W. S. Hackett, 1001 M St, Bakers-
field, Cal.

•! * *

FOUND!

The Journal has been notified that the assistant
yard master at G. L, in Harrisburg y'*rd, is in
possession of receipt book with B. R. T. receipts,
also traveling cards from Keystone Lod^e No. 42
and Sapulpa Lodge No. 619 and a card from the
O. R. C. lost by H. P. Fesslcr.

• • •

James R. Tincheb! Your father is ilead and
your co-operation is important to your best inter-
ests in his estate. Who can favor roe with his
address? Raised near Bedford, Indiana, and some
four years ago was braking out of Fort Worth,
Texas. Address Frank O. Stannard, SpringviUe,
Lawrence County. Ind.

8—1

LADIES* AUXILIARY— KANSAS CITY, MO.
Lodge No. 285 of the Ladies' Auxiliary to the
B. of R. T. will hold a union meeting on Novem-
ber 21st, 1907, at 1 o'clock in W. C. T. Hall, 12th
and Central. All visiting sisters who can make
it possible to attend are earnestly requested to be
present.

Myrtle Crumlt, Secretary,
1317 Broadway, Kansas City, Mo.

• • •

EIGHT-HOUR DAY.
Our readers will note by the advertisement of
Hamilton Carhartt that the era so long striven for
and hoped for on the part of the laboring classes
has dawned in the Carhartt factory, which is now
run on the eight-hour basis in all departments.
There may be something still better in store for
Mr. Carhartt's labor, for he says: "Eight hours
today, less hours if need be for the morrow."

• • •

Taunton, Mass. — Lodge No. 70 is getting along
very nicely at the same old place and the members
would like to see the officers pay more attention
to getting to meetings. We believe that with us
it is a question of business before pleasure. This
is a good rule in all cases, and particularly so
when it comes to the management of a lodge.

A visit from a Grand Lodge officer would be
very much appreciated.

Agent. Lodge No. 70.

• • •

Newark, N. J. — Last month I received a list
of names of brothers of Lodge No. 210 who were
not receiving their Journals, the postmasters re-
turning them to the office of publication with the
statement that they were not to be found at the
address given.

This is very embarrassing to the Editor of the
Journal, also to the Journal Agent of this lodge.
It is in reality a reflection on the Journal Agent
as being delinquent in performing his duties.
Brothers, it is impossible for me to chase you all
up every month to find out where you live. If
you do not receive your Journal regularly, first
communicate with your local postoffice authorities,
then notify your Journal Agent Send a postal
card to him, as to where you want your Journal
sent, and do it at once. Do your part and I will
do mine, and I assure you your Journal will be
sent you regularly. •

A. M. Douglass,
Journal Agent, Lodge No. 219.

This letter can apply to almost every lodge in
the Brotherhood. If any member does not receive
his Journal, it is up to him to notify the Journal.
It is not the work of the Journal Agent.

D. L. Cease.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Wantsd. — ^To know the address of John Obcn-
dorfer, thirty-nine years of age. He is 5 feet, 2
inches tall, weighs about 135 pounds, has light
hair and complexion. Last heard of in 1001 at
Wellston, Ohio, and have also heard that he is
working on the L. & W. R. R. as a brakeman at
Central City, Ky. Important news awaits him
from home. Address P. J. McFadden, 636 Witson
Ave., Youngstown, Ohio.

• • •

Grbxn VILLI, Tex. — Lodge No. 605 is plodding
along the same old way and is adding to its mem-
bership right along. A number of our members
have been promoted because business has been
very good with us for some time.

Any brother coming our way will receive a
hearty welcome from all of the members of our
lodge.

Phil Pagan,
Master Lodge No. 606.

• • •

RELIEF FUND.
All local lodge* having a sick benefit will confer
a great favor upon me by sending at once a copy
of your by-laws and any information you can along
this line, as we are intending establishing one in
connection with our lodge, at the earliest possible
time.

Thanking you in advance, I remain.
Yours in B., S. and L,

J. J. Mallaney,
No. 257 W. No. Temple St.,
Salt Lake City. Uuh.

LOST.

The following articles herein mentioned a^ lost,
if found, will please be returned to the Financier
of the lodge of which the loser is a member.

E. A. Ross, Lodge No. 682, receipts.

G. M. Phillips, Lodge No. 373^ receipts and
traveling card.

W. J. Appel, Lodge No. 80, receipts, traveling
card and watch.

E. A. Yoimg, Lodge No. 174, receipts, time book
and service letters.

John Rockford, Lodge No. 801, receipts from
January, 1907, to September, 1907, inclusive.

It is supposed that the receipts belonging to
Brother J. W. Morgan of Lodge No. 115, also
traveling card, have been stolen.

T. A- Cheney, Lodge No. 69, pocketbook, con-
taining thirteen months* receipts, also a service
letter from the Burlington, at McCook, Neb.

These receipts and the card are out of date, but
it is supposed that the party who took them is
using them for his own purposes. If these re-
ceipts are shown, please take them up and send
to £. F. Sugg, Financier of Lodge No. 221.

G. Bogart, Lodge No. 392, coat, containing re-
cetpu from April, 1905, to October, 1907; also
two R. R. Y. M. C A. cards and clearances from
Pennsylvania Railroad and D. L. & W. R. R. If
found, please send to Henry W. Braun, No. 1009
BerryhiU St, Harrisburg, Pa.

Business Subscribers Received For
November

Under this head the Journal wt'/l print once
Che name, business and business address of each
business firm, or, of each person in business for
himself, or, representing a business firm as its
agent who subscribes for one year. The idea is
to inform our readers who among their businessmen
have subscribed and to recommend to them the
fairness of giving their patronage to those who have
patronized the Journal.

TEMPLE. TEXAS.

Keceived from T. J. Stowers, Lodge No. 206:

Lowery & Lowery, Wood and Coal, S. Main.

Temple Fue* Co., Wood and Coal, S. 4th.

W. F. B'.um, Jr., Saloon, West avenue, D.

C. C. Keeble, Deputy Marshal.

J. H. Thomas, Walhala Saloon.

Y. P. Ling. Restaurant. So. 1st.

Prairie Queen Laundry, So. 1st

R. L. McKnight. Grocery.

Brady & Black, Hardware, Main street

Black Bros., Grocers. Main street

Willis & Post, Druggists. Main street.

Brown & Arnold, Hardware. So. Main.

Saulsberry & Bassler, Meat Market, So. Main.

E. E. Mooty, Manager W. P. O. Co., 5th street

O. W. Haschke, Meat Market, Ist street

B. D. Baugh, Smoke House, 1st street
Geo. A. Cox, Implements, So. Main.
Geo. Houghton, Paints. So. Main.

A. L. Flint, Buggies, Automobiles and Furni-
ture.

J. H. Hemphel, Jeweler, Avenue A-

Robert Wells, Dray Line, 6th street, S.

Thos. G. Binkley, Lawyer, Avenue A.

Central Texas Comprs. Co.

Rotan Grocery Co.

AUSTIN. TEXAS.

Received from Mrs. R. E. Ludwig, Lodge No.
455:

Gregory & Batts, Borcher Bldg.

G. Gordon Martin, Dentist, Bruggerhoff Bldg.

W. Neal Watt. M. D.. 700 Congress avenue.

Carl Belisch, Fumitjre and Carpets, 800 Con-
gress avenue.

The People's Furniture Co.. 500 E. 6th.

The Bledsoe Furnifre Co.i 412-414 Congress
avenue.

Max Davis, Saloon, 121 E. 6th.

W. Bremond, The State National Bank of Aus-
tin.

The H rrells. Clothing,

Frank Doughty, Furniture, 222 E. 6th.

Thomas & Koock. Jewelers, 519 Congress ave,

Morley Bros., DruggisU. 209 E. 6th.

Key & Thorpe, Dry Goods, 217 E. 6th.

E. K. Black, Dry Goods and Oothing. 311 E.
6th.

C. A. Reynolds, Beer Agent, W. Srd.
Bumham Bros., Barbers and Barbers Supplies,

118 6th.
Smith & Wilcox, Clothing.
Nail and Co.. Mantels and Office Fixtures.
Scarbrough & Hicks.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

995

Eugene Martin, Opera House Saloon.

Chiles Drug Co.

Sutor Hotel.

Hume Lumber Co.

S. E. Rossmyer, Undertaker.

W. T. Wroe & Sons. Harness and Saddlery.
TEXAS.

Received from Mrs. Bob Howard. L. A., No.
309:

CHILDRESS.

Childress Hardware Co.

C. L. GiddenSt Groceries.

City National Bank.

J. F. Fullingim, Ice and Coal.

P. S. Roberts, Grain and Feed.

Hardin, Strong & GuUey, Real Estate Brokers.

Jackson & Bailey, SUr Market.

A. D. LesUe, City Meat Market.

J. W. Mitchell k Co., Men's Furnishings.

T. J. Jefferies, Livery and Sale Stable.

John £. Quarles Co., Ltunber and Building
Material.

C. H. Smith« Groceries.

Mrs. S. A. Jones, Meals and Lodgings.

Mrs. Effie McWilliams, ResUurant.
WICHITA FALLS.

WichiU Marble Works, Iron Fencing, etc.

J. R. Eldridge, Minnetonka Lumber Co.

R. E. Huff, President First National Bank.

Andy Norris, City Livery Barn.

Mrs. L. B. Hardesty, Confectionery.

Sam T. Layne, People's Ice Co.

T. J. Boyd, Contractor.

C. H. Hardman, Dry Goods and Groceries.

E. D. Bradley, Liquor Dealer.

J. H. Carithers, Dry Goods.

M. N. Curry, Durham Dairy.

AMARILLO. TEXAS.

W. F. Dewy, Furniture, Polk street

P. H. Seewald, Jeweler, Polk street.

White & Kirck, Dry Goods, Polk street.

McQueen Drug Co., Po"- street.

E. D. Green & Co., Shoes and Gents' Furnish-
ings, Polk street.

C. C. Taber, Men's Furnishings, 810-881 Tay-
lor.

H. G. Campbell, Merchant Tailor, 115 E. 4th.
• O. M. Eakle, Funeral Director, Furniture, etc.,
Polk street

William Easton, Groceries, 614 Polk.

Lambeth Bros., Groceries, 618 Polk.

O. E. Adkins, Photographer.

A. H. Webster, Fresh and Cured Meats, 411
Polk.

HOLLIDAYSBURG, PA.

Received from H. E. Coulter, Lodge No. 174:

Frank W. Fay, Attorney at Law.

J. W. Gromiller. U. S. Hotel.

Wm. Berger, Barber, Allegheny street

Ed Cruse. Grocer, Boots and Shoes.

T. H. Suckling, Clothing and Hats.

L. K. Beagle, Butcher, Allegheny street

G. A. Bender, Butcher, Allegheny street.

J. G. Sellers, Butcher, Allegheny street

Albert L. Hartsock, Men's Clothing and Fur-
nishings, Allegheny street

J. E. Kitzinger, Capital Hotel.

S. M. Fisler. American House.

Frank Glessner, General Merchandise.

W. H. Goodfellow Sons. Hardware.

G. W. Williams, Shoes, Gents' Furnishings and
General Merchandise.

H. J. Davis. Druggist.

S. E. Kochendaffer. Jeweler.

J. Liventhal, Ideal Department Store.

W. A. Shoemaker, Logan Hotel.

Dr. J. R. Humes.

Dr. Samuel C. Smith.

C. S. Gale, Manufacturer of Brown's Ice Cream,
Allegheny street.

C. M. Truax, Tailor, Cleaning, Dyeing, etc.

W. B. Baker & Co., Groceries, Flour and Feed.

John Ritter, Ice Cream, Oysters, Cigars and
Tobacco.

M. Keely, Groceries, Cigars and Tobacco.

L. D. Stiffler, Hotel Kellerman.

Daus Bros.. Bakers.

J. C. Jacobs, Sons & Co., Hardware.
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.

Received from Joe Carr, Lodge No. 874:

H. A. Winn, The Arcade Jeweler, 21 Pembroke
Arcade.

LONDON, ONT.

Received from Chas. Veech, Lodge No. 416:

A. Thompson, Saloon, King street.

S. H. Knox & Co., Fancy Store, 146 Dundas.

T. J. Mowat, Shoe Store, 188 Dundas.

James Furguson. Tailor. 680 Dundas.

J. R. Minhenick, "Pacific House." 671 Rich-
mond.

Dr. F. P. Drake, 871 Wellington.

S. Stevely, Hardware, 620 Dundas.
OSWEGO, N. Y.

Received from F. J. Bruetsch, Lodge No. 408:

Jules Wendell & Son, Jeweler and Watch In-
spector.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Received from W. H.^Raley, Lodge No. 170:
PITTSBURG.

Alfred Tompkins, General Contractor and Fur-
nace Builder.

C. L. Curll, Physician and Surgeon, 90 Hazel-
wood avenue.

CONNELLSVILLE.

D. F. Girard, Brick Contractor.

NEW HAVEN.

B. O'Conner, Victoria Hotel.

PT. MARION.
Frank Dietrick, Meat Market

WEST VIRGINIA.
CLARKSBURG.
Joseph Fucey, Railroad Contractor.

FAIRMONT.
F. W. Hill, Physician and Surgeon.
L. G. Race, The Smith-Raoe Wholesale Grocery
Co.

H. F. Smith, The Smith-Race Wholesale Grocery
Co.

OHIO.

NEWARK.

Styron Beggs Co., Manufacturing Q^emists.

Digitized by VjOOQIC'

996

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

SACRAMENTO. CAL.
Received from A. Norton, Lodge No. 840:
H. C. Pike, High Class Tailor, 913 K.
J. Petersen, Wines and Liquors, 806 K.
R. Carstenson, Wines and Liquors, 600 K.
Powell McKee Co., Jeweler, 822 K.
J. Straub, Fine Tailoring, 907 K.
M. Speich, Wines and Liquors, 519 K.
J. M. Lauflfer, Tonic Distiller, 300 K.

GREEN ISLAND. N. Y.
Received from L. E. Fuller, Lodge No. 90:
J. J. Conway, Hotel Keeper, Market and Paine.

ALLIANCE. OHIO.
Received from E. H. Miller, Lodge No. 178:
Koch Qothing Co.. E. Main street.

WYMORE. NEB.
Received from C. E. Wymore. Lodge No. 493:
Jesse Newton. Newton Clothing Co.
G. Predmcstky, Model Clothing Co.

F. P. Hargrave, Clothing.
Mentgen Bro.. Fair Store.

C. W. Robertson, General Merchandise.
S. Bridenthal. Lumber.

G. Smith. Kipps Restaurant.

J. A. McGuire. Cashier National B^nk.

F. E. Crawford. Attorney at Law.

Dr. T. R. Fritz. Dentist.

Adam McMollen. Attorney at Law.

Dr. Voder, Doctor.

T. H. Archard. Real Estate.

E. L. Morse, Paper Hanger.

Geo. Leland. Engineer.

Benj. Lliewreux. Barber.

Ed Thiesen. Grocer.

C. N. Brown. Hay. Grain and Feed.
CHICAGO. ILL.

Received from H. Budwiser. Lodge No. 581:

Mrs. A. Dom. Buffet, 620 So. 48th avenue.

E. J. Schwytzer, Grocery and Meat Market, 511
So. 48th avenue.

E. M. Becker, General Merchandise, So. 48th
avenue and Flournay.

DUBUQUE. IOWA.

Dr. Charles M. Linehan. Physician and Sur-
geon B. of R. T. and B. L. E.. B. of L. F. 2090
Couler avenue.

Dr. J. B. Heles. 2114 Couler avenue.

Hall & Sexton, Security Bldg., 8th and Main.
ONTARIO.

Received from Alex. Neilson. Lodge No. 108:
COLEMAN.

Chas. D. Brewer, Eastbourne Hotel, 1606 Dan-
forth avenue.

EAST TORONTO.

Mrs. Harris, East Toronto Hotel, 402 Kingston
Road. -

W. H. Blavlock. East Toronto Grocer, 1582
Dan forth avenue.

SALIDA, COL.

Received from W. Henry Curtis. I.^>dge No.
81:

Salida Record, 129-181 2nd street

Hotel Harvard, corner 2nd and E streets.

PHILADELPHIA. PA.
Received from Joseph W. Wilby. Lodg^ No.
113:

Wm. Brinbause, Saloonkeeper, N. E. Corner
Amber and Cambria.

MANCHESTER, N. H.
Received from G. B. Johnson, Lodge No. 235:

C. A. Trefethen, Jeweler, 959 Elm.

F. L. Wallace. Undertaker, 66 Hanover.
Alice B. Williams, Florist, 101 Hanover.
John A. Jaquith, Undertaker, 1088 Elm.

TEAGUE; TEXAS.
Received from J. J. Shotwell, Lodge No. 709:
Jackson Bros.. Hardware. Post Office street.

G. F. Dodgen, Book Store, Post Office street.
W. R. Hullun. '^Last Chance Saloon."

D. K. Compton, Real Estate, 'Post Office street.
T. H. Smith, ''Jug and Bottle House Saloon."

PORT ARTHUR. ONT.

Received from W. H. Fouster, Lodge No. 626:

A. L. Smith, Druggist, Cumberland street.
TEXAS.

Received from V. O. Fountain, Lodge No. 608:
AMARILLO.

Faught & Higgs Grocery Co.. Buchanan and
2nd.

TEXLINE.

Chas. H. King, Restaurant.

J. E. Timple. Merchandise.

The Bank of Texline.

Kirksey & Lockwood. Merchandise.
ROANOKE. VA.

Received from A. A. Belcher, Lodge No. 492:

Hunter & Co.. Groceries.

W. L. Boyer, Singer Sewing Machines, 827
Salem avenue.

Silverman & Hyman. Clothiers, 11 Salem ave-
nue. F..

Meals & Burke Qothing Co.

Hancock & Bowen. Gents' Clothing.

Vest & Minnick, Furniture and Stoves. 109
Campbell avenue. W.

People's Furniture '"x, 118-120 Salem ave-
nue, W.

F. M. Marks, Groceries, 889 Salem avenue. W.

J. Sherman & Co., Raleigh Cafe, 28 W. Salem
avenue.

Wadnwright & Ayers, Academy Hotel and
Saloon.

Davis & Gray, Laundry.

Roanoke Steel & MeUl Co., Roofing and Heat-
ing, 816 Salem avenue, W.

Virginia Lumber Manufacturing Co.

Price & Chick. Groceries, 204 Commerce.

Racket Store & Iron Safes. P. B. Barnes. Man-
ager.

Brotherhood Grocery Co., J. G. Leonard. Presi-
dent.

Bagby Bros., Household Furniture.

W. L. Shields. Milliner, 83 Campbell avenue.

Roanoke Hardware Co., 88 W. Campbell ave.

Lynn Hutson, Jr., Jewclery, 81 Campbell ave-
nue, W.

O. H. Goad, Cig[ar9 and Confe^nery, llXamp*
bell avenue. W, Digitized by GOOglC ' .

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

997

Gooch Crosby Co., Booksellers and Stationers.

Van Lear Bros., Druggists, 101-109 Jefferson.

R. Fisher & Co., Tailors. 206 Salem avenue.

Smith, Courtney Co., Machinery and Supplies.

Eagle Qothing Co., 24 W. Salem avenue.

W. R. Hcsser. Plumbing 832 Salem avenue,
S. W.

S. H. Heironimus & Co.

The Enterprise Clothing Co., Men's Outfitters,
11 Salem avenue.

H. L. G. HenseU Tailor and Furnishings.

Roanoke Wine Co.. 3 So. Jefferson.

Roanoke Mail Order Liquor House, 10 So. Jef-
ferson.

China Art Book Store 16 Campbell avenue.

Frank West, Cigars, News and Fruits, 10
Campbell avenue. W.

Fritz Scholz, Bismarck Cafe, 21 Salem avenue.

Watt, Rettero & Clay.

Pettit & Co., Men and Women's Ready to
Wear Clothing, 80 W. Campbell avenue.

Thurman & Boone. Household Furniture.
CUMBERLAND. MD.

Received from S. E. Knotts, Lodge No. 267:

T. R. Rice. Merchant. 30 Arch.
EL PASO. TEXAS.

Received from L. W. Mullen. Lodge No. 80:

Dr. N. T. Moore, Room, 816, Trust Bldg.
GAINESVILLE. TEXAS.

Received from W. T. Enlow, Lodge No. 49:

Board of Trade Saloon.

Blanton Grocery Co.

BROOKFIELD. MO.
Received from C. E. Marseilles, Lodge No. 19:
C. E. Bridges, Barber Shop.
Dunn & Botts. Laundry.
Wheeler Savings Bank.

The Hub Clothing and Gents' Furnishings, 226
No. Main.
Joe Tetera. Billiards and Pool.
J. S. Rowsey, The Model Barber Shop.
Brownlee Banking Co.
Moore Bros., Cafe.

F. T. Sanford, Hardware.
Chapman, Clifton & Co., Groceries.

G. T. Bozarth, South Side Grocery.
W. S. Johnson, Grocer.

C. E. West. Q. HoteL
Linn County Bank.
Bresnehan & West. Lawyers.

DALHART. TEXAS.
Received from W. H. Landess. Lodge No. 633:
W. H. Harvey, Grocer.
Dalhart National Bank.

D. Vanderveen, Meat Market.
Union Grocery Co.

Dalhart Texan.

H. W. Yaseen, Jeweler.

Bank Saloon.

J. M. McChard. Pool and Billiards.

W. E. Jarrett. Ice Dealer.

J. S. Oendener. Feed and Fuel.

F. H. Jessee, Wines and Liquors.

A. C. Coleman, Bakery.

Midway Bank Co.

R. Dilworth, Wines and Liquors.

T. L. ^warengen. Grocer.

James Earnest, Gents' Furnisher.

J. A. Hill, Shoe Parlor.

Jones Hardware Co.

G. R. McGee, Drugs.

R. Kubelsky, Gents' Furnisher.

R. Edwards, Grocer.

Chas. Todd, M. D.

Chas. Summers & Son, Gents' Furnishers.

Tyson Drug Co.

The Enterprise.

Dalhart Transfer Co.

M. A. Thomas, Furniture.

Rock Island Cafe.

James F. Caine, Cafe.

John Ryan, Wines and Liquors.

W. T. Allen, County Clerk.

BUCKLIN, KAS.
Bucklin Hardware Co.
Padgitt & Hanby, Barbers.

TUCUMCARI. N. M.
S. M. Brewer. Pool and Billiards.
M. B. Goldberg, Dry Goods Co.

NARA VISA. N. M.
Clyde Hill, Proprietor King Hotel.
J. L. Searcy, Hardware.

F. A. Stubbins. Midland Hotel.
First National Bank.

J. P. Jones, Wines and Liquors.

SUNBURY. PA.
Received from S. E. Sowers. Lodge No. 43:
C. F. Lawler. Park Hotel.

0. R. Drumhcller & Son. Aldine Hotel.

G. H. Hoffman. Hoffman House.
L. T. Rohrbach & Son.

W. D. Leiby, Restaurant.

H. C. Chester & Bro., St. Charles Hotel.

Blank & Gottshall.

F. B. Rice, M. D.

Clement & Brocious.

F. W. Bitner. Magnet Store.

Davis & Co., 806 E. Market street.

Oppenheimer & Jonas.

F. W. Swineford & Bro., Empire House.

M. Millner, Merchant.

Achenbach & Co.

Rice & Son, Merchants.

KENTUCKY.

Received from Ed Wiley, Lodge No. 494:

F. Hymans, General Merchandise, 108 S. Upper.
T. G. Foster, Plastering ConUctor, 168 E. Main.

W. H. Neal, General House Furnishing Goods,
221 E. Main.

S. Weisonach, Wholesale Meat Dealer, 844 E.
Main.

1. S. Madox, Atlantic and Pacific Tea Co., 318
E. Main.

W. F. Listrunk, Wholesale Fruits and Vegc-
tables, 274 W. Vine.
Lexington Drug Co., Phoenix Hotel Block.
Henry Bosworth, Expressing.

PARIS.
Drs. Kenney and Dudley.
C. R. James, Dry Goods.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

CALIFORNIA.
Received from Tim O'Brien. Lodge No. 74:

LOS ANGELES, CAL.
Barker & Hutchinson, Fountain Saloon, 115
So. Spring.

COLTON.
W. S. Woods* Cigars and Pool Room.

SAN ANTONIO. TEXAS.
Received from John Appleby, Lodge No. 860:
Mission Steam Laundry, Military Plaza.
Leopold Simon, Aransas Pass Drug Store, 1217
So. Flores.

SACRAMENTO. CAL.
Received- from A. Norton, Lodge No. 197:
H. L. Stich. The Hatter. 815 K.

FAIRBURY. NEB.

Received from Lon H. Hinitt, Lodge No. 400:

W. F. Girard, Cigars and Tobacco.

W. E. Burrell. Jeweler.

Mrs. D. A. Towcll. Milliner.

H. J. Engels« Jeweler.

H. H. Todt. Boots and Shoes.

SYRACUSE. N. Y.

Received from Frank Knight, Lodge No. 705:

Charley Porr & Son, Groceries and Meats, 226
W. Kennedy street.

Wm. H. Schilly, Groceries, 403 Seymour.

Wm. D. Havens. Barber. 307 Howard.

C. S. Robinson. Cafe, 214 Oak.

J. L. Harbach, Barber, 304 So. Warren. .

James H. Carpenter, Painter and Decorator, 110
Burt.

Dr. C. S. Roberts, Physician and Surgeon, 800
James.

DANVILLE. ILL.

Received from W. H. Kane, Lodge No. 588:

T. J. Smith, Barber Shop, 851 E. Fairchild.

T. A. Graham, Lawyer, 515 The Temple Bldg.

Wm. Bahls & Sons, Fine Foot Wear, 111 E.
Main.

L. E. Schario, Jeweler and B. of R. T. Emblems,
124 E. Main.

W. B. Cossey, Hard and Soft Coal, comer Plum
and Main.

EUREKA, CAL.

Received from H. W. Cave, Lodge No. 7«»:

J. H. Austin, The Hub Bar.

CLEVELAND, OHIO.

Received from Lew PoUock, Lodge No. 182:

Wm. L. Wagner, Undertaker, 6420 Woodland
avenue.

SHERMAN. TEXAS.

Received from Mrs. J. H. Grindstoff, L. A., No.
826:

H. J. Rylant. Meat Market.

W. Dixon, Float and Dray Line, 207 E. Hous-
ton.

Langford, Keth & Noll, Drugs.

Lawrence & Pierce. Grocer.

D. Estes. Furniture. 602 S. Wilfow.

The Walsh Hardware Co.

Homer Gardner, Grocer, 424 So. Hazlewood.

J. R. Cole. Implement Co.

A. E. Jamison, Cashier of Bank, 724 So. Travis.

J. L. Snyder, Wood Yard. 820 E. Jones.

Drs. Gunby, Hoard & Anderson.

W. W. Turley, Grocer.

NOTICE OF

PROTECTIVE FUND ASSESSMENT H: 28...Tw«iity.Fiv« C«iit«.

DECEMBER. 1907

GRAND LODQB OF THE

Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen.

OFFICE OF GRAND SCCRCTARY AND TREASURER.

To SUBORDINATB LoDOBS : Clkvblamd. Ohio. Nov. U 1907

Dbar Sib3 and B roth BBS :— You are hereby notified that the amount of Twenty-Five 3anta for Protec-

tire Fund Assessment No. 28, for the month of December, 1907, is due from each and every momber, (except
non-beneficiary members not engaifedSln train or yard senrico), and must be paid to the
Financier before the fi^st day of December. 1907. A member failine to ntake payment
as herein required shall become expelled without notice or action. See General Rules
Nos. 1 5 and 1 6. paee 63 of the Constitution.

The Financier is required to forward said Assessment to the Grand Lodee on or be-
fore December 5. 1907, tor each member liable therefore, and tor members admitted or
readmitted during the month of December the Financier ^

must serd this Assessment with the report of Admission, ^^/r^^S^c •
as per Section No. 105, Constitution Subordinate kLodces. ^^V Gryfs^ ^ ^ m

Fraternally yours, •MMsmmraiSMMn

NoTB :— This assessment is made necessary as the amount in the Protective Fund has fallen below that
fixed by the Constitution. 1. e. $300,000.00.

STATEMENT OF CLAIMS PAID DURING THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER, 190T

CLAIM. NAME. LODGB.

18149 Thos. Hoey 9»

18884 G. D. Close 488

18S86 Pat Murphy 200

18286 R. £. Garfield 280

18287 Wm. Browncll 800

18288 W. W. Pierce 807

18289 Martin Pokrop 201

18290 J. A. Frazier 201

18291 Wm. Mulhauscn 877

1S898 A. H. Meadows 232

PAID TO. ADDRBSS.

Fred W. Krueger. Gdn.. Newark, N. J....

ino. W. Bingham. Curator, Milan, Mo. . . .
f anr A. Murphy, Lima, Ohio

H. £. Garfield, WelUngton. Kas

Mary BrownelU Greenwich, N. Y ,^

Agnes A. Pierce. Smith Falls. Ont

Bertha Pokrop, New Hayen, Conn

Mary A. Frazier, New Haven, Conn.-

Aaron Mulhausen. Walkerton P. O., Ont..
A. H. Meadows, Hinton, W. Va

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AMOUITT.

.$1,850.00

. 1,000.00

. 1,850.00

500.00

. 1,850.00

. 1.850.00

i.85aoo

Coogle

Christmas Bells

BY ADBLBBRT CLARK

Christmas bells are sweetly ringing

For the rich and poor as well,
Sweetest music from the hilltops

To each snowy mead and dell.
They are bidding all be joyous

As we journey on through life
Longing for a little mission,

Basing others pain and strife.

Christmas bells are sweetly ringing

To atone for all the pain
That has left our weary spirits

With a deadly crimson stain.
There is nene so great or humble

But can win a kingdom here!
God is dwelling in the sunbeams

Where the skies are bright and clear.

Christmas bells are sweetly ringing

For each soul in sin today;
Lay aside all care and worry.

Kneel before the cross and pray.
Be a soldier firm, for manhood,

Fearing not, the Tempter's dart,
God will fit you for the battle

When you give to Him your heart!

Christmas bells are sweetly ringing

O'er the land from sea to sea.
Teaching us to lead our brothers

From the Dark eternity.
So while all the world is joyous.

Don't forget this holy hour.
Gird the armor on securely,

God will give you strength and pow'r !

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A BEAUTIFUL SPOT ALONG THE YOSEMITE VALLEY RAILROAD.
Haalinc supplies from El Portal, the terminus of the railway, to the Sentinel Hotel, fourteen miles distant.

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Pabllahad Monthly by the BroUmrhood of Bailroad Trainm«ii.
Entered at the poet^>ffloe at Olereland, Ohio, aa Moond-«laM matter.

D. L. CEASE ' . « - ^ - |r-f^^»> - Subscription Pbicb

EDITOB AND MANAOBB ' «^^g^» |1.UU PeB YeAB IN ADVANCE

Vol. XXIV. DECEMBER 1907. No. 12

The Real Asiatic Question.

[here is every indication that the true, the mere fact of numbers would very
law makers of Canada and the soon force all workers to the. Japanese level
United States will have little op- of wages for like. When Hungarian and
portunity to dodge the exclusion other south European laborers came to us
of Asiatics' question. From the Pacific by the hundreds of thousands, the employ-
Coast there comes an insistent demand that ers declared it paid them better to hire two
the country remain a white man's coumry cheap, inferior men than it did to employ
and the very best of economic argument one good man at better wages. It would
follows up the demand. be the same again. Wages are not paid in

If every argument in favor of the Asiatic varying amounts only when it suits the pur-
laborer is allowed to stand, the fact remains pose of the employer. His practice is to
that the great question is the future owner- . find the lowest wage level and then put all
ship of the fertile lands that is threatened hands on an equality.

by the coolies of the Orient. Unless proper But, as has been said, giving the Asiatic

restrictive measures are taken it will be but every advantage of argument in his favor,

a question of time until the western slope the white man cannot consent to allow him

will be in the hands of an Oriental colony, to become a partner in his work and wages,

characteristically hostile to our forms of his living and social conditions. The ques-

govemment, our people, our standards of tion'is impossible.

living and wholly unassimilable from every Inasmuch as Canada and the United

reasonable view point. Failure to restrict States have been on exhibition by way of

means that the territory in question will be forceful protests against this class of labor,

wholly in the hands of the Orientals with it is of interest to have an English view of

the whites driven out as they have been the question. Sidney Brooks, the London

from the fisheries, saw mill, boat building correspondent for Harper's Weekly, in part

and other industries in which the Japanese said, in that publication:

have gained a foothold. "It should have been obvious enough that

It is a simple matter to argue in favor of California and British Columbia, so far as
the coolie by saying his labor cannot com- the problem of Asiatic immigration is con-
pete with that of the white man. He re- cerned, stand on identical ground and for
ceives less because he is not as strong phys- identical reasons, and that the causes which
ically as some other workers and he accepts had provoked an explosion in the one were
less as a matter of course. If this were extremely likely to provoke an ^explosion in

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1002 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

CHINA'S MOST TERRIBLE DEATH PUNISHMENT.
Prom Stereocraph, Copyrifht, Underwood and Underwood. New York.

China hai many foimi of death punishments, bat the photograph shows the most terrible death that the **Yellow King*
dora" inflicts on its eril-doers.

The death in the cage is reserred for those committing the most atrocious crimes. The victim in the photograph Is a
notorious river pirate who has killed several persons. His last offense was the gouging oat of a man's eyes. He was placed
in this cage with planks fitting snugly around his neck; several flat stones were placed under. his feet. He stoo4 In the
thoroughfare of the six gates of the city (old Shanghai) for one day each. Daring all that time he had to stand erector
strangle. He was then placed in an open square, where one stone was to be removed each day until he died of strangulation-

This fiendish panishment is seldom resorted to as it creates great excitement among the Chinese. Dense crowds were
around this criminal every day but the day before the removing of the stones, a friend in tome way got to him a deadly opiate
by which be killed himself. The first day the criminal allowed snap-shots to be taken at fifty cents each; the second he
charged five dollars, Mexican silver (two dollars gold). Our photographer gave it to nim on the condition that he would
remove his hat to show his face. Two Chinese photographers got pictures of him and placed them in their windows as ads.
The crowds attracted to see and buy the pictares were so great that the chief of police ordered them taken down.

NOTE: — Law-abiding Chinese have shaved heads queoe— the badge of loyalty in the Manchu Dynasty. The hair of con-
demned criminals is let grow.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL, 1003

the other. The parallel between the condi- compassed would unquestionably have been
tions in the American State and in the Ca- beyond their capacity to produce had it not
nadian Province is, indeed, singularly close, been for the coolies of the Asiatic main-
In both districts you find a comparatively land. It was Chinese labor that brought
small English-speaking community scattered the first transcontinental railroad to San
over a beautiful and bountiful country. Francisco. In ditch- work and dam- work,
Both front upon the Pacific, and are equally in all the rougher forms of reclamation and
exposed to emigration from the Orient, development, the efficiency and persistence
Both are only in the first stage of their of Asiatic labor have been invaluable. In
material development, and both suffer from picking and packing fruit, in the vineyards,
a chronic shortage of labor. Each has ex- in the fish canneries, in the mines, and on
perimented with the Chinese coolie, and the railroads, as laundrymen, as cooks and
each for deeper reasons than mere local household servants, and as farm-hands, the
trade-union jealousy has felt compelled to Chinese and Japanese have furnished both
bring the experiment to an end. The California and British Columbia not only
American Congress passed a whole series with the best supply of labor that any part
of Chinese exclusion laws ; the legislature of America has ever had at its disposal, but
of British Columbia more simply, and not better than could be obtained anywhere else,
less efficaciously, imposed a poll-tax of $500 The European workers who pour in through
on each laborer from the Celestial Empire the Atlantic ports rarely reach the Pacific,
on landing. On neither side of the bound- and Californians and British Columbians
ary did local statesmanship display any see all round them vast areas of territory
great gift of prevision. Both in San Fran- lying uncleared and unimproved, and works
Cisco and in Vancouver it was comfortably of development waiting to be done that
assumed that with the exclusion of the Chi- neither native Americans nor Canadians,
nese the problem of Asiatic immigration nor white immigrants, have any longer the
was solved. Neither foresaw that the Jap- patience to undertake. On both sides of the
anese and the Koreans would eventually boundary-line the capitalists, there can he
take their place and reproduce essentially little question, would favor a reasonable,
the same conditions. Both when they and even a liberal, influx of Asiatic coolies,
awoke to the consequences of the new in- would even, I think, be prepared to evolve
vasion found their hands politically tied, a community based upon a system of inden-
and both have tried by violence to shuffle tured and semiservile labor. But the masses
out of treaty obligations. The position of both in California and British Columbia,
California in relatk)n to the Federal gov- with a sounder though not necessarily a
ernment is fundamentally that of the posi- less selfish instinct, reject any such plan
tion of British Columbia in relation to the with unanimous ferocity. It still, however.
Dominion government. In both cases a remains the fact that the Asiatic colonies in
national treaty permitting and even encour- and around San Francisco and Vancouver
aging Japanese immigration is locally re- contribute vitally to the economic and indus-
sisted. In both cases the Federal authori- trial fabric of the communities in which
ties, caught between the revolting State on they have settled ; that the Japanese espe-
the one side and the Japanese government cially make cheery, industrious, peaceable
on the other, are at their wit's end how to immigrants, not meddling with politics,
compose the matter, and to extricate them- rarely if ever becoming a charge on the
selves from a situation that is at once pain- local treasury, but living simply and in-
ful and ludicrous. nocuously though without a trace of Chi-
Evcn the minor circumstances and ex- nese squalor, supporting their own churches,
pediences of the two dilemmas are curiously publishing their own papers, and providing
similar. The immediate interest of both the unskilled labor of which neither the
California and British Columbia is to im- railroads, nor the farmers, nor the fruit-
port all the labor they can lay hands on. growers, nor the mines, nor the canneries
Such material progress as they have already can ever have enough. ^ j

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1004 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

WHEELBARROW TRANSPORTATION, CHINA.

The best and cheapest freighters at the boat landiDS, Tientsin.

From Stereoerapb, Copjrrisht Underwood Sc Underwood, N. Y

This photocraph was made during the foreign occupation In China. It was taicen in the extreme southeast district ol
Tientsin, some distance from the swarming area of the city proper. The Peiho rlTcr is only a few rods away at the right, as
one might imagine from the harrying throngs of freight men.

The wheelbarrow is both the cart and carriage of northern China. One can see their unusuat construction, the great
size of the wheel placed in the centre of a heary frame which projects in alt directions; obserre also how faj apart the handle
bars are placed. A rope or strap extends from the handle OTer the man's shoulders— this gires power of equilibrium and
distribution of weight. The upper part of the wheel is protected by a frame. One man will sometimes carry on his barrojr
a half ton of cargo. A strong wheelbarrow coolie will carry two passengers and make twenty miles a day on a daily allow-
ance of twenty cents; that would be ten cents for each passenger or one-half cent per mile — about one fourth the rates of our
railroads. Why should a Chinaman favor the introduction of railways?

The building on the left in the photograph, with the American flag flying over it. Is the headquarters of the American
Quarter-Master's department; during the occupation a letter (rom the State Department at Washington had to be presented
here in order tn get a permit for transportation on one of the commandeered small cargo Junks which sailed from the landing
\j^lf}tt the pfllicc. Spmc pf these bpa^s can b^ seen beyond the great rapund of armjr supplies prpr whffh fbf flag is f^inj.

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RAILROAD TRAINMRK'S JOURNAL. 1005

But the question, it is rightly felt, is not That is the real Pacific question — ^not a

one to be settled on merely utilitarian question of naval or commercial supremacy,

grounds. Admitting to the full the service- but of the social and economic relations that

ableness and the virtues of the Japanese are to obtain between the white and yellow

coolies, it is still profoundly true that their peoples. Among the English-speaking com-

unrestricted immigration means the planting munities that border the Pacific, whether

in California and British Columbia of a vast jh^y \\^^ y^der the Union Jack or under

alien colony, exclusive, inscrutable, unas- ^^e Stars and Stripes, there exists a deep

similative, bound together in an offensive .^^^^^^^^^ p^p^i^r determinatk)n-one of

and defensive organization, with fewer ^^^^^ j^esistible movements of opinion

wants and a lower standard of hvmg than ,.,.,,-i.. »•

. . . , , .... ...... which the highest statesmanship may possi-

their neighbors, maintaining intact their pe- , , , .

culiar customs and characteristics, morals, ^'^ '""'^'^^ '" ^>^>"^' ^"* ^^'^^ "° ^t^*^«-
and ideals of home and family life, with "^^"^^»P ^^" ^^P^ *^ stem-to exclude from
neither the wish nor the capacity to amal- ^^^'^ sparsely-settled territories the concen-
gamate, or even conform, with the civiliza- ^^^ted masses of China and Japan. It is a
tion upon which they have intruded, and determination ministered to by the jealousy
gradually, by the mere pressure of numbers, of trade-unionism, and by all the ugly in-
undermining the very foundation of the stincts of racial antipathy. But it has also
white man's well-being. To such a visita- its better side. The English-speaking peo-
tion California and British Columbia may pies and the type of civilization, manners,
well object; from such a prospect they may morals, and beliefs which they represent,
well shrink. Their industries may be re- stand for a cause that demands and de-
tarded, their crops go unharvested, the yield ^^^^^ ^he last support that can be given it.
of their vineyards and fruit-farms may rot California, British Columbia, New Zealand,

away through sheer lack of the indispens- ja^i-i ^w jri**.! a

,,,,*,. ,, *^, and Australia know this and feel it already.

able labor, their whole progress may be _ .„ , , , . ^ t* .. . j

, , J ^, u X .1. • It will not be long before Great Britain and

checked — these arc but the passing exigen- ^ , , ^ . . , . , i. , .

cies of a dav. What they have to safeguard *^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^'"^"^^ ^"^^ '^ ^"^ ^^^^ '^'

is the future and the distinctiveness of their ^^- ^here is no more urgent need than

race and civilization, and in their passionate t^a* ^^^ problem of Asiatic immigration into

and unalterable conviction they cannot be English-speaking countries should be taken

protected unless the free ingress of Orien- out of the hands of mobs and vested in

tals is restricted and regulated. those of statesmen.

A Christmas Eve.

BY MAXIM GORKY.

[NCE I sat with some sort of a and his body vanished somewhither as if he

jFellow in a tavern, and, out of had been snatched from a bone factory,

lonesomeness, invited him to He was thin, angular and completely

tell me an episode out of his bald. Not a single hair grew on his head,

life story. The cheeks were cadaverous, the cheek

He was an incredibly shabby and worn bones formed to acute angles, and the skin

out piece of humanity. He looked as if he was so tightly stretched over them that it

had been compelled all his life long to shone, while on all the rest of the face it

wedge himself through narrow places and was zigzagged with wrinkles,

rub against comers everywhere with his But his eyes were bold and shrewd; the

body, wherefore his clothes got to be rags cucumber like long nose

nose jerked> constantly
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1006

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

in an ironical manner and the speech of this
man flowed smoothly out of his mouth,
which was half concealed by a hard, red
mustache. It struck me that his life must
be very interesting.

"You want to hear my biography?" he
asked me hoarsely. "Yes, of course, I will
have to tell so long as you treat me. But the
entire story — that is scarcely practicable. I
have lived through an immensely long life."

THE B.ALD MAN*S STORY.

"This little tale will hardly seem impor-
tant enough to be available for your literary
purposes. But it is to me — I like. The mat-
ter, if you please observe, is very simple and
consists of the following:

"Once — one Christmas eve, it was — we —
my comrade. Jashka Sizow, and I — had
been stuck in the street all day. We had
offered our services to ladies to carry their
parcels. But the ladies had turned deaf
ears to us. They entered their carriages
and drove off — from which you can judge
that neither of us was lucky.

"We also begged, and in this way got
together something; I, 29 kopecs, of which
a 10-kopec piece given to me by a gen-
tleman on the steps of the circuit court,
turned out to be counterfeit ; and Jashka —
in other respects also a much more talent-
ed fellow than I — had become a truly rich
man by evening. He had 11 rubles and 76
kopecs.

"This amount, he said, had been given to
him in a lump by some lady; and this lady
was at the same time magnanimous enough
to present to him not only the money, but
likewise the purse and the handkerchief to
boot.

"When Jashka told me about the truly
Christian conduct of this lady, he kept look-
ing around furtively for some reason or
other. No doubt he wanted to thank the
good soul once more for his rich present,
and he kept urging me, 'quicker, quicker!'

"We ran away as fast as we could. With
all my being, with every particle of my
frozen body, I hurried to get into a warm
place. The wind howled. It whirled the
snow up from the roofs. Cold, piercing
thorns flew about and lodged in the collar.
The face was scraped as with knives and so
frozen was my neck that it seemed to me

as thin as a finger, threatening to snap ofF
at any careless movement I kept constant-
ly burying it between the shoulders for fear
of losing my head. Neither of us was clad
according to the season, but Jashka felt
warm on account of happiness, while I felt
still colder on account of envy.

"Well, then, Jashka and I were running
along the street, and as he ran he said :

" *We're going to celebrate the holiday
magnificently! We'll pay the room rent.
Here you are, you old beldame! You bet.
A quart of vodka. And how would a ham
go with it? H'm! Not at all so bad, a
ham! Oh, but that will come high, won't
it? Do you know what they're selling at?'

SUPPLIES FOR A HOLIDAY.

"*A ham, please!' shouted Jashka, push-
ing himself through the crowd. *Show me
a ham, not large, but good. I beg your par-
don, you jostled me, too. I am well aware
of who is unmannerly, but I know also that
it is impossible to be very courteous here.
Surely I can't help if it is uncomfortably
narrow in here. What ! I touch your pock-
et? That was your hand that met mine as
it crept into my coat pocket. I buy for
money, you too; so we both have an equal
right—'

. "Jashka comported himself in the store
as if he intended buying a whole consign-
ment of hams, say 300 of them. And I
availed myself of the confusion, and, in my
own modest way, appropriated a box of
marmalade, a bottle of olive oil and two
big, boiled sausages.

"And so, sir, we keep moving toward our
lodging, driven forward by the storm and
wind. At the time we were residing in a
cellar room on the outskirts of the city, in
the home of a godfearing old woman, a
peddler in the vegetable mart. Those re-
gions were always lonely and deserted. In
winter there wasn't a soul to be met on the
streets after 6 in the evening. And if any
form did show itself, it most indubitably
carried its heart in its soles.

"Well, so we run and suddenly we see
ahead of us a man. He walks and totters,
apparently drunk. Jashka nudges me and
whispers: *Get on to his furT

"To meet a person wrapped in a fur man-
tle is agreeable, you know, ipr the reason
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL 100^

that a fur mantle has no buttons and is "This world was created for small, weak,

very easily sHpped off. And so we get up lean, ragged people. Put a starling into a

close behind this fellow and find — the fel- puddle and he dies. And frogs and leeches

low is broad shouldered and of a prodigious and all other things of that kind are incap-

size. He grumbles about something. We able of living in pure, running water. This

ponder. fellow interested me vastly.

"Suddenly he stops, so quickly. that our "And so we brought him into our den

noses barely escape striking against his and thereby frightened our hostess not a

back. He stands stock still and swinging little. She believed that we had brought

his hands upward, bawls in the healthiest him there to rob him and was determined

sort of bass : to go and notify the police. We pacified

" *I am he whom nobody loves !' the old woman by pointing to our own ca-

"It was as if he had shot the words out daverous forms and then to that colossus

of a cannon. We recoiled ; but he had al- ^ith his immense arms and broad visage

ready seen us and, planting himself with his and huge chest. He could have strangled

back to a wall— experienced man— demand- us and the old woman wi4hout as much as

^d • getting into a sweat. And then we ordered

"'Who are you scoundrels?' the pacified old woman to the tavern and

" Triars mendicant,* replied Jashka mod- the three of us sat down to the table.

tstW. "We sat in our miniature cave and drank

"'Beggars? That's proper; for I too am slowly, awaiting the advent of the holiday,

poor in strength. Where are you going?' Our guest took off his fur and remained in

" 'Into our hole,' replied Jashka. his shirt sleeves, without his vest. He sat

"Til go with you. Where else can I go? opposite us and roared:

I don't' know where. Beggars, receive me. "*You are obviously knaves; I can feel

I will feed you and give you drink. Take that. You lie when you say you are beg-

me home with you. Be friendly to me.' gars. You are too young to be beggars— and

" 'Invite him,' whispers Jashka to me. your eyes, moreover, are too brazen. But

"'I accept! I will dwell with you, beg- no matter what you are, it is all the same

gars !' he shouted with all the vigor of his to me. I know that you are not aShamed of

broad chest. your life. That's it. And I am ashamed.

"We walked along abreast with him and Shame drove me away from home.'

he said: "Do you know, sir, there is a nervous

"*Do you know who I am? I am one sickness called St. Vitus' dance? Well,
who flees from the holiday. I am the Cus- there are people whose conscience suffers
toms Inspector Gontsharow Nikolai Dimit- with a sickness just like it. And I recog-
riewitsh, that's who I am. I have a wife at nized that the inspector was one of those,
home; children — two sons — and I love " 'At my home,' he continued, 'everything
them. Flowers, pictures, books are there; is conducted in the most orderly manner
they are all mine. It is all nice and cozy and it is awfully disagreeable to live in so
and warm at my home. If all that I have orderly a fashion. Everything is placed and
at home were yours, it would take you long hung once for all ; and everything is so
to spend it in drink. You are, of course, rooted to its place that not even an earth-
hogs and drunkards. But I — I am no drunk- quake would be able to transpose all these
ard even if I am drunk now. I am drunk chairs, pictures, etageres. They have be-
because I feel oppressed. Holidays always come rooted into the floor and into the soul
make me feel cramped and oppressed.' of my wife. They, these wooden, inanimate

"'You are incapable of understanding things, have grown into our lives, and I

that. It is a deep wound. It is my sor- myself can no longer live without them.

row.' MOCKED BY NEATNESS OF HIS HOME.

"I listened with' great interest. Whenever " 'One gets so habituated to all this wood-

I see a powerful big fellow, it always seems en trash as to become wooden, too. You

to me he must be unhappy. get accustomed to it all, cherish it, pity it —

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1008

RAILROAD TRAL\\\fEX*S JOURNAL

the evil one take it all It grows and
crowds yoii. It crowds the air out of the
room and does not allow you to breathe
freely.

** 'And now this army of customs has
decked itself out as a holiday, has made it-
self fair and attractive and resplendent. It
is repulsively resplendent. It mocks me.

" *Ycs, it knows ; once I had three pieces
in all— a pallet, a chair and a table. And
her portrait was there, too. Now I have a
htmdred articles of furniture; they demand
that people sit upon them who are worthy
of their price. Well, then, there come peo-
ple of weahh to me to sit on them.'

"The inspector drank a glass of vodka
and then continued:

"'Those are all very decent people, half-
dead people, pious cattle, brought up on
the sweet grasses of the meadows of Rus-
sian literature.

"*I feel unspeakably lonesome in their
company. The odor of their conversation
asphyxiates me. I already know everything
that they can possibly tell me; and I also
know that they can do nothing to become
more animated and interesting.

" *Oo ! The dullness of their souls makes
these people horrifying. All are lymphatic,
giant-like, immense; and even their words
are as heavy as stones — heavy enough to
crush a person. Whenever they visit me I
feel as if I was being surrounded by bricks
to be immured. I hate them. But I cannot
drive them out and that is why I am afraid
of them.

" 'It is not I who attract them. I am a
disgruntled, taciturn man. They come sole-
ly for the purpose of sitting on my furni-
ture. Bpt one can't throw out the furniture,
either. My wife loves it. My wife also
exists only for the sake of the furniture.
By heaven. She herself has become wooden*.

"The inspector laughed, his back lean-
ing against the wall. And Jashka, to whom
this lamentation of the inspector had prob-
ably become tedious, took advantage of the
opportunity to say:

" 'If your highness had only smashed this
furniture to bits on the woman.*

"*Well? And then?*

" 'That is— you see, all at once — out with
It'

"Tou fool!"

"He shook his intoxicated head, and then
let it sink upon his breast and said, simply :

" 'It is awfully repulsive to me. Oh, how
lonely I am ! Tomorrow is the holiday, but
I cannot, I cannot go home; I can abso-
lutely not!'

"'Remain our guest for awhile/ sug-
gested Jashka.

"•Your guest?'

"The inspector looked about. Our small
quarters were saturated through and
through with smoke and dirt.

" 'I understand perfectly what the matter
is,' I said to the inspector.

" 'You ? Who are you ?' he asked.

" 'I am also a person who was once order-
ly,' I replied. 'I, too, have enjoyed the
charm of an undisturbed, peaceful life. I,
too, was elbowed out of life by trifles. They
elbowed, they jostled out my soul and all
that was in me. I longed as you long now.
I took to drink and became a drunkard— I
have the honor to introduce myself.'

"The inspector stared at me and regard-
ed me a long time, benevolently in solemn
silence. Then I saw how his thick, red lips
began to quiver disgustedly beneath the
bushy mustache. And he turned up his
nose in a manner not at all flattering to
me.

"'Entirely?' he asked suddenly.

" 'Entirely,' I replied, 'and I carry my all
with me.*

" 'Who are you, then ?' he demanded, still
regarding me.

" *A man. All trash is man and vice
versa.' I once understood perfectly the art
of speaking in aphorisms.

"'Very wise,' said the inspector, without
removing his eyes from me.

"'We are also educated people,' said
Jashka modestly. 'You will find us entirely
congenial. Simple people, but without any
understanding. And we, too, dislike various
luxurious furniture. Of what use is it, any-
way? A man doesn't sit on a chair with his
face. You ought to enter into a close friend-
ship with us.'

" *I ?' said the inspector. He had sudden-
ly sobered up.

" 'Yes, you. We. will disclose such secrets
to you tomorrow.*

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" *Hand me my coat !' the inspector sud-
denly commanded Jashka and sprang to his
feet. And he stood very firmly on his feet

" 'Where do you want to go ?' I asked.

"'Where?'

"He looked at me timidly with his big,
calf-like eyes and began to shudder.

"*I?— Homer

"I looked at his face that had grown hag-
gard and said no more.

" Tate has provided for every kind of
cattle a stall conformable to its nature. And
no matter how the cattle may lunge out
with their hind feet, they will get to their
place. — Ha, ha, ha!*

"And so the inspector left us and then

we heard him yelling with might and main
for a fiacre."

My companion lapsed into silence and be-
gan to drink the vodka in measured drafts.
After he had emptied the glass he began to
whistle and thrum upon the table with his
fingers.

"Well, and what happened then ?" I asked.

"Then ?— Nothing. Were you expecting
something else?"

"Ye.s— the feast."

"Oh, yes. There was a feast — I forgot
to tell you that thejnspector made a pres-
ent of his purse to Jashka. It contained
26 rubles and some kopecs. Surely there
was a feast,"

'Two Supreme Laws/'

JOSB GROS.

Putnam's for October, Cardinal
Gibbons has given us quite an
article on modern atrocities.
The New York Tribune, Octo-
ber 7, copies him as follows: "No friend of
his race can contemplate without painful
emotions the heartlessness of monopolists.
. . . Their sole aim is to realize large divi-
dends without regard to the paramount
claims of justice and Christian charity.
These trusts and monopolists, like the car
o( Juggernaut, crush every obstacle that
stands in their way. They endeavor — not
always, it is alleged, without success — to
corrupt our national and state legislatures
and municipal councils. They are so intol-
erant of honest rivalry as to use unlawful
means in driving from the market all com-
peting industries. They compel their opera-
tives to work for starving wages, especially
in mining industries and factories, where
protests have but a feeble echo and are
easily stifled by intimidation. In many
places the corporations are said to have the
monopoly of stores of supply, where exorbi-
tant prices are charged for the necessaries
of life. Bills or debts are contracted which
the workmen are unable to pay from their
scanty wages, and their forced insolvency

places them at the mercy of their taskmas-
ters. The supreme law of the land should
be vindicated and enforced, and ample pro-
tection should be afforded to legitimate
competing corporations, as well as to the
laboring classes against unscrupulous mo-
nopolies."

Neither the above mentioned Tribune nor
any of the other important conservative,
monopoly public organs, over which the
writer has always an observant eye, has
said anything against the furious attack of
Cardinal Gibbons showing the abominations
of our industrial inferno. Most of our
clergymen and many of our top citizens are
willing to occasionally sing the same songs
of despair. None of them is willing to go
any farther. Much less are they inclined to
suggest the simple processes by which we
all. know how we could, all at once, stop all
our industrial iniquities.

Over 99 per cent of our good, intelligent
people are perfectly willing to suppress cer-
tain forms of injustice, certain monopolies,
certain corporations, while allowing other
forms of injustice, other monopolies, other
corporations. Every group of men blames
some other group of men for the collective
sins, meanness and selfishness pf>every one
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1010 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

of us grouped In a national compact and in last and glorious prayer of His, to the Fa-
several religious compacts; all of them un- ther in the beyond, to the Father close to
willing to stand by — the Supreme Law of each one of us, forever present everywhere
God. We all prefer to stand by — ^the su- in space infinite and time eternal, forever
preme law of men. visible to each one of us through his mag-
Thus far all nations have had the same nificent universe in all possible manifesta-
wrong supreme law in force all over the tions of order, beauty, glory, completion
earth. The supposed competing corpora- everywhere, outside of a rebellious human-
tions, and the supposed non-competing ones Jty? And each one of us is bound to be
all exist by the decrees of our glorious su- >"ore or less rebellious against God as long
preme law, vetoing, cancelling, destroying as we all, literally and practically, force
the Supreme Law of God. That has never ^^^^ private form of rebellion by the col-
bcen disproved. Before we do disprove it, lective and fundamental rebellion of every
before we prove that our supreme law cor- national and religious group, refusing to
responds with the supreme law of God, of understand and live in accord with the sim-
Jcsus, of the universe around, we must P^^ divine plan of human development
agree on a sensible definition of the right, Under that natural, sensible. Christian
of righteousness, and must agree on the point of view, the right is, in a concrete
practicability of the right, on the simplicity form, including the finalities of human life,
of righteousness, and therefore recognize as follows:

the impracticability and gross stupidity of "Not to do anything, that may interfere,

every unrighteous concoction of human proximately or remotely, with the full fife

laws. of self or anybody else anywhere, that full

We still believe that righteousness, the I'^e which is perpetually decreed, for all of

right, remains yet a dream from that glon- "« <>" «arth, by the fiat or God's laws of

ous dreamer that we call Christ. All the J^y and completion universal."

same, the right is the only simple, natural, That ideal can only be made possible and

practical process of human conduct. Every ^asy, for all of us, in so far as we do our

thing else is but a mass of absurdities, ^^st to initiate and prolong a normal social

When such absurdities are embodied in hu- ^"^ industrial environment, in lieu of the

man enactments, then they constitute the sickly, satanic one we are yet imposing upon

most colossal and fatal crime that men can all nations. And that is principally done by

perpetrate on the face of the earth. ^^^ superior people, leaders, teachers and

rulers of nations, at home and abroad.

The right, the true, the honest, the sensi- e^^„ -^ j^ j^ ^^„^ unconsciously, the crime

ble! What can that be? We should not .^^^j^,^ ^^j^^^ ^^ ^„ p^^^^ ^j^^^ ^ ^^

mean the right in a few out of the mil- ^^ righteousness refuses yet to give us, fine

lions of petty incidents in the private life ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ perceptions of the truth that

of each one of us. We should mean the ^j^„^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^„ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^

right in connection with all of us. Do you ^j^^ ^^ p^^ Christ's dictum on the subject,

know why? Because it is through our col- ^^ j^„g ^^ ^^ ^^y^ ^^ practically so, man-

lective conduct, through our general con- ^^^ to lav aside, discard, as impracticable,

census and the general processes we may God's supreme law of universal joy ana

see fit to establish in each community, each completion, and so prefer our own supreme

nation, each religious group-it is only j^^ ^j universal sorrow and sin, we all

through the ideals we generate in our col- generate and are the cause of all our many

lective relations, that we determine the deformities, collective and individualized;

quality of the material and spiritual life of j^g^ ^^ ^ny one million of dollars includes

all of us, from that of the bottom sinner to every fraction of that sum. The moral and

that of the top saint. spiritual order must be at least as sensible

'That they may be perfect in one**— per- as all in the realm of physical phenomena,

feet in national and religious groups. What It is then essentially idiotic and pharisaical

else could our sublime Christ mean in that for any of us to blame anybody else for the

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1011

wrongs and perversities we all sec fit to divine ideals, refuse to respect and actual-
feed and evolve, by our criminal conduct ize — "God's Supreme Law in human life
in refusing to be civilized in accord with and development."

Inland Empire System Of Electric Railways.

]HE worth of a country is often
denoted by the number of rail-
roads that invade it. There is
no greater factor at the present
time working toward the development of
Spokane's territory than its electric and
steam railroads. The Great Northern,
Northern Pacific, Canadian Pacific, Bur-
lington and O. R. & N. all cross the rich
Inland Empire. The C., M. & St. P. is now
building to the coast, while the Northwest-
ern has its surveyors in the field looking
for a Pacific extension. It is doubtful if
any city the size of Spokane can boast of
equal advantages in the way of electric, as
well as steam railroads. The Inland Em-
pire system of electric railroads is already
operating over 200 miles radiating from
Spokane and i«5 one of the most modernly
equipped systems in the United States.
In the fall of 1903 the Spokane Traction

Company, the nucleus of the Inland Empire
System, began operations in Spokane. Up
to that time the Washington Water Power
Company held control of the street car sit-
uation.

In December, 1903, Mr. F. A. Blackwell
and associates, including Mr. Graves, buiit
an electric line to Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, a
distance of 34 miles.

The Spokane & Inland Railway was in-
corporated in March, 1905, to build a road
of steam practice, but to be electrically
operated 70 miles south to Colfax, Wash.,
and 92 miles south to Moscow, Idaho. The
building of the Spokane & Inland has pro-
gressed steadily, passenger and freight .ser-
vice being opened to Waverly, 32 miles, in
Sept. 1906; to Rosalia, 46 miles, Feb. 15,
1907; to Oakesdale, 52 miles. April 15,
1907; to Palouse, 76 miles, June 1, 1907;
and to Colfax, 76 miles, August 1, 1907.

INLAND EMPIRE TERMINAL. SPOKANE, WASHINGTON.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 1013

line, same as is in vogue on steam lines, Garfield, Palouse and Moscow, Idaho, 92.5
with railway mail clerk in charge. miles. This line is now in operation to Pa-
The Spokane & Inland Division of the louse and grading is being pushed on to
Inland Empire System extends in a south- Moscow, Latah County Seat, Idaho, with
eriy direction from Spokane into the famous the prospect of its being in operation early
Palous« country. The road runs through in 1908 and ultimately with the intention of
the fertile Moran Prairie orchard country pushing it south to Lewiston, Idaho. The
in southern Spokane County, branching western branch from Spring Valley contin-
near the county line at Spring Valley June- ues south through Rosalia and Thornton
tion, and thence extending into Whitman to Colfax, the county seat, 76.8 miles. Pas-
County by the eastern line to Oakesda!e, scnger and freight service was histalled

THE INLAND EMPIRE SYSTEM.

Parlor ctr service of the Coeur D'AIene 4{Tision was inausurated June 29th, 1907 and has proved a remarkable succei;,
Xhe carnjnKf for (hf firsf rnonfh were double {he original CfUnja^^f. y—^ j

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1014 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

from Rosalia to Colfax August 1st. This lion bushels, 30,000 tons of oats and 10,000

line is intended to be extended to some tons of barley.

point on the Snake River and either there ^ Traffic arrangements have been entered

connect with lines now building from Wal- into with the Great Northern and Canadian

la Walla or it will be extended to Walla Pacific and already the stream of golden

Walla independently. grain has begun to flow from the chain of

The Spokane & Inland Division serves a thirty new warehouses being operated on

strictly agricultural district and reaches all ^^^ Spokane & Inland lines this season,

the principal towns of Whitman County. As , ^he Spokane & Inland division is actual-

^ , , -. .1 TT •. J ly a steam road (bmlt of <0 pound steel)

the Spokane country leads the United , ^ . ,, . j .i. • i i.

^ . , , . - . electrically operated, the smgle phase a. c.

States m the production per acre of grains, ^^^^^^^ ^.^^ ^^^^ j^^ ^^^^^.^ ,^^^^

so Whitman and Latah Counties stand first ^j^^^ ^^^ 5^ ^„^ .3 ^^„^ ^j^^ ^^p^^j^^ ^^

in the Northwest and are the cream of the ^^ ^^ 7^0 ^orse power. Brill 58 feet

Spokane country. , Careful estimates of the coaches are used for passenger service. Al-

territory covered by tl.is division of the In- though the road is not yet in full operation,

land Empire System place the amount of the passenger traffic is already greater than

wheat to be moved this season at ten mil- the original estimates for the full mileage.

The Decay Of Apprenticeship And Corporation

Schools.

BY R.\LrH ALBERTSON.

Charities and The Commons.

I HE decay of the old system of certain stick used in the construction of

indentured apprenticeship was a binders and mowers. Thousands of sticks,

necessary result of the rise of and the same motion. Anybody could do

the factory system and of the it. He could do it asleep. A boy could

development of specialization in industry, do it better than he. In fact when two

Specialization rendered the training of years later he left his job forever, a six-

joumevTnen unnecessary. No boy would teen-year-old boy became the operator of

spend three years learning a blacksmith the machine without previous training. The

trade when in three weeks or perhaps three man who mows my lawn in summer and

days he could learn to operate a machine takes care of my furnace in winter is an

at which he could earn more money than upholsterer by trade, having served a three

in a smithy. As a matter of fact, however, years' indentured apprenticeship to learn

the supply of apprentice-trained journey- that trade, but his skill does not enable him

men far outlasted the demand for them, to earn a living. Even the job he had in a

One of the most beautiful pieces of cabinet furniture factory he lost to an unskilled but

work I ever saw was shown me in the quicker worker. There are thousands upon

home of a workman by his proud wife. He thousands of skilled apprentice-trained

had learned his trade in the **old country" journeymen today for whom there is no op-

and was an expert joiner in every sense of portunity to earn a livelihood by the exer-

the ,word. But, while there was a market else of their skill. Apprenticeship did not

for his lalK>r there was no market for his fail, but the trades themselves disintegrated

skill. For sixteen years he had earned so that it became no longer worth while to

his daily bread operating a "shaper/' which master them,
put a certain curve on a certain part of a A report of the United States Bureau of

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 1015

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1016

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL

SPOKANE AND INLAND STATION, 0AKE8DALE. WASHINGTON, 5d MILES SOUTH OF SPOKANE.

Labor ascribes the decadence oi* lb. appren-
ticeship system to the following causes:

( 1 ) Production on a large scale, which
destroys the personal relations between the
master and apprentice.

(2) The extensive use of machinery and
subdivision of labor.

(3) The unwillingness of employes to
take on apprer.ticcs.

(4) The unwillingness of journeymen to
instruct apprentices.

(5) The dislike of boys for apprentice-
ship.

The subdivision of labor and consequent
disintegration of the trades is the basis
and efficient cause of this change, however,
and the other reasons given are entirely
subordinate to this.

Coats, for instance, used to be made by
tailors. A skilled tailor made thfe entire
garment. If that were the method of man-
ufacture today there would be plenty of
tailors, apprentice-trained, to do the work;
but the method of manufacture has
changed ; it no longer takes a tailor to make
a coat, and therefore those who are to
work in the clothing trades need not serve
the old-fashioned tailor's apprenticeship.
According to Pope's The Clothing Industry
in New York, there are now thirty-nine
different occupations comprised in the man-
ufacture of a coat, in a shop where special-

ization has reached its highest development
under the factory system. This means that
the skill and labor of the tailor are not
merely supplanted somewhat by machinery,
but that they are also subdivided into thir-
ty-nine parts.

A similar process has taken place in
many other trades. Speed is a greater con-
sideration than skill. The man who can
keep pace with a machine (or several ma-
chines), supplying the human cog merely,
is of more importance in the industrial
world than the man who can do the work
of the machine even better than the ma-
chine can.

The proportions of apprentices to work-
men are remarkably small. The United
States Census of 1900 gives a total of 81,-
482 apprentices and "helpers" in sixteen
trades and "other miscellaneous industries."
Comparing this number of apprentices with
the total number of persons employed in
the occupations referred to we find that the
apprentices constitute only 2.45 per cent.
The highest proportions of apprentices arc
found among machinists, 5.86 per cent, and
among plumbers and gas and steam fitter*,
5.70 per cent. In the whole field of the
building trades in Massachusetts the per-
centage of apprentices to workmen is only
1.3 per cent. This smallness of the number
of apprentices cannot be charged to the re-
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

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strictions of labor unions, for no trade
union restricts the ratio of apprentices to
journeymen to less than seven per cent, and
it is ordinarily twenty per cent. While there
are local instances of unions restricting the
number of apprentices, their restrictions are
in no large measure responsible for the ap-
prenticeship situation.

Along with the disintegration of trades
and the loss of the old system of appren-
ticeship training, other great industrial
changes have been taking place calling for
skill of other kinds — for skilled foremen,
superintendents, and workers in the skilled
sections of the factories that have sup-
planted the old tradesman, and also for
skill in the new arts and trades created by
recent science and invention. How should
this skill* be produced ? How could men be
properly trained for these new crafts and
callings? Of course, industry did not wait
for a new system of industrial training, but
while men have been "picking up" such
knowledge and skill as instinct and experi-
ence could afford them, both school and fac-
tory have made attempts in the direction of
furnishing the needed training.

It is my belief that industrial training is
more properly the work of schools than of
factories — that it is a public rather than a
private function, and that our schools will
follow the splendid example set by Ger-

many by providing a thorough industrial
education in all grades and branches and
adapted to all classes of workers and their
children. We have already established a
considerable number of trade schools of
various types in this cotuitry and these have
so thoroughly proven their value that it
surely cannot be long before due provision
will be made for this work in the public
educational system. These schools are
wholly inadequate at present. They are
but pointing in the direction of the great
field of industrial education.

The factories, meanwhile, cannot wait for
the schools. They must have skilled men,
superintendents, experts — not in the so-call-
ed trades, but in the work of the factory —
in the particular industry of which each
factory is a part. Leading manufacturers,
therefore, in certain lines where the need
was greatest have instituted their own sys-
tems of apprenticeship to fill this need. As
under the old system, an indenture is us-
ually required of apprentices, but unlike
that system they do not live with their mas-
ters, they are paid "living wages," and they
receive in the best instances careful and
comprehensive instruction and definite
training for the mastery of an industry
rather than for the learning of a trade.
This new apprenticeship, so far as it goes,
is adapted to the new industrial conditions

THE INLAND SYSTEM'S FREIGHT BUSINESS.

Marketine Whitman County's bie wheat crop. A chain of 30 graineries is being operated this season alone the new
electric railroad. It is estimated that fally 10,000 bashels of wheat and 40,000 tons of oats and barley will be produced
In this territory lying tributary to the Spoicane and Inland Electric Railway. -- -

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

APPRENTICES
Each Industrial Sjrstem Trains its Workers.

Under
The Guild
System

General Apprenticeship training began.
Apprenticeship strictly required for admission to Guilds.
Production on a low scale.
Apprenticeship a temporary semi-slavery.

Under The
Individual
Artizan
System

Under

The Factory
System

The apprentice still lived in family of master 3 to 7 years.
He received his board and perhaps $1.00 a week as pay.
He was given personal training from a master workman.
He became a trained workman, master of his trade.

The use of machinery, the specialization of labor and the disintegra-
tion of trades have destroyed the old apprenticeship system.

The training of workers is more for facility than for skill ; they learn
the factory and how to make its product, rather than a trade.

There are but few factory apprentices.

Under
The Better
Modern
Industry

The boy goes to a trade school or its equivalent instead of to a mas-
ter or a shop.

He gets intellectual as well as manual training.

He is paid a fair wage for such factory work as he may do.

He becomes master of an industry with its specializations and much
of its technique.

and needs. Each factory trains men pri-
marily for its own uses, however, and only
in the rarest cases, is the effort made to
give a training broad enough to cover an
industry.

Among the corporations that have been
far-sighted enough thus to undertake the
training of their skilled men a few have
had remarkable success and their systems
deserve the thoughtful attention of all who
are interested in industrial education.

The Baldwin Locomotive Works of Phil-
adelphia, for instance, takes apprentices to
the industry of locomotive building in all
its branches. There has been some form of
apprenticeship in these works since 1865,
but the present system was adopted only in
1901 when it was made a distinct depart-
ment with its own superintendent.

Apprentices are taken in three classes.
I^or admission to the first or lowest class
a common or grammar school education is
required, the applicant must be under sev-
enteen years of age and he must be inden-
tured for four years. He is required to at-
tend a free evening school two evenings per
week during the first three years of his ap-
prenticeship and to master algebra, ge-
ometry and mechanical drawing. His
wages begin at five cents per hour and they
are raised two cents per hour each year.

and a bonus of $125 is paid him at the end
of his term. This course fits for gang fore-
men, and thorough mechanics. The re-
quirement for admission to the second class
of apprenticeship is a high school educa-
tion ; the age limit is eighteen, the term of
indenture three years. Evening school at-
tendance is required, and wages start at
seven cents per hour. This course is more
advanced than the first and aims to turn
out men fitted for contracting and other
work of considerable responsibility. The
third class is a two years' course for grad-
uates of colleges, technical schools or scien-
tific institutes. The training is advanced
and thorough. Wages in this class grade
from thirteen to twenty cents per hour. Ap-
prentices must read and analyze the articles
in some specified technical journal. At
graduation, they are fitted to be foremen,
superintendents, consulting engineors, or
members of the executive staff. Two years
ago there were about fifty apprentices in
this class, about one hundred in the second
class and nearly two hundred and fifty in
the first class.

The General Electric Company, of Lynn,
has two classes of apprentices. The reg-
ular apprenticeship course covers a period
of four years. Beginners must be sixteen
years of age and have a gr;^nma^ school
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1019

education. In addition to the shop work,
six hours per week of class work is re-
quired in mathematics, physics, technology,
and mechanical drawing. The wages are
graded from $4.50 to $9.50 per week, with
a bonus of $100. The apprentices become
foremen, master mechanics, and superin-
tendents. This company also takes high
school graduates as drawing office appren-
tices, requiring a certain amount of prac-
tical shop work and paying for the three
years from eleven cents to twenty-two cents
per hour. The work of apprenticeship train-
ing is made a special department in charge
of a skilled foreman, who is a teacher. The
apprentices themselves are taught to teach.
After about two years in the training room
they are transferred to the factory depart-
ment.

The Westinghouse Company, of Pitts-
burg, has a special foreman of its appren-
tice department, who has general charge of
all apprentices and who outlines the courses
of work the apprentices are to follow. Six
months' work in the drawing room is re-
quired of each apprentice and a daily re-
port throughout the course. Special oppor-
tunities are afforded for the study of elec-
trical science. Instruction and equipment
are liberally furnished. A distinct system
of engineering apprenticeship which trains
for expert electrical engineering is also of-
fered here to graduates of technical schools.

Far more common, however, are appren-
ticeship systems in which the course con-
sists wholly of shop work and the boy,
when he is not filling the place of cheap
labor, picks up what knowledge he may by
dint of experience and the boss' "bossing,"
rather than by instruction.-

There are all grades of variation be-
tween the factory that gives its boys a thor-
ough training for their life work and the
factory that, under the pretext of appren-
ticeship, exploits the labor of the boys at
low wages. Tt is, of course, impossible to
say how many more of the latter there are
than of the former.

In a recent investigation made by Ernest"
G. Hapgood, of Tufts College, questions
upon this subject were addressed to one
hundred and seventv-five manufacturers.

Of the one hundred replies received, seven-
ty-one said that they have some sort of ap-
prenticeship, fifty-nine employ nidentured
apprentices, and forty-seven of these em-
ploy a total of 3728 apprentices. Of fifty-
two firms twelve had employed apprentices
from one to five years, seven firms had
been training them from six to fifteen
years, twelve firms from sixteen to thirty
years, eight from thirty-one to sixty years,
and the remaining thirteen finns gave in-
definite answers. Thirty-five have a four
years' course, eleven a three years* course,
and no course is less than two years. These
figures include, in all probability, the best
apprenticeship systems in the country and
represent a situation that is not at all true
of industry in general.

In a number of industries where ma-
chines have displaced skilled workmen
there is still in vogue a method of train-
ing spoken of sometimes as "quasi-appren-
ticeship." It extends over only a few
months and no age or educational require-
ment is made for admission. Garment
makers, cigar makers, boot and shoe work-
ers, textile operatives, and workers in sim-
ilar occupations usually enter upon their
work as learners. The time so spent var-
ies from one week to a year. A bright
man will learn to be a cigar maker in three
months. In these occupations, however, it
is not skill that is wanted so much as pro-
ficiency, and the learning period is not com-
parable morally or educationally or indus-
trially from the workers* point of view to
apprenticeship. Nor is the "helper system"
which prevails so generally in certain trades
and by means of which bright boys without
definite instruction do rise to the level of
journeymen, a satisfactory or worthy sub-
stitute for apprenticeship. It is, however,
the best school that the corporations have
as a rule offered to the boy, and it must be
said that the boy has made the most of it.
Without education or definite training for
their work thousands upon thousands of
boys have "picked up" their trades and
made the best they could of themselves
most nobly. But no one will for ar mo-
ment imagine thai: un.-*'»'- such an absence
of training we have n .^:,. anything l^kc the
industrial progress Possible^ .uigr^^gte

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RAILROAD TRAINMEK'S JOURNAL.

ough and broadly applied system of indus-
trial training.

The Massachusetts Bureau of Labor, in
an effort to learn the extent of apprentice-
ship in that state, asked a number of em-
ployers and labor unions the question: "Is
there a system of apprenticeship in your
trade?" Of the employers, thirty-one re-
plied, "yes," and twenty-seven, "no." From
the unions, fifty-five affirmative and forty-
four negative replies were received. These
figures discredit at once the theory that ap-
prenticeship is a negligible fact in industrial
education, and the claim on the other hand,
that it solves the problem. The facts seem
to be that hundreds of firms throughout the
country are training apprentices and turn-
ing out a most valuable quota of skilled
workers in the industrial world, and yet, as

we have seen, the total number so trained
is so small as to be utterly inadequate to
the needs of our great and growing indus-
tries. If manufacturers generally would do
as the Baldwin people have done, appren-
ticeship would solve the problem, but there
seems little likelihood of this. It is too
broad a policy for the temper of the mod-
ern corporation. We shall have to accept
the German policy of training for industrial
efficiency through a system of public educa-
tion, and orly so shall we be able to keep
our place in the great world struggle for
industrial supremacy. The country that
gives its workers the best training will
eventually succeed in this struggle. We
cannot leave so important a matter to the
short-sightedness of private corporations.

The Story Of A Strange Christmas.

BY W. E. GROG AN.

ilERRE LABELLE sat on the
right of the wood fire, where
the light gleamed and darkened
on his face. The others made
a half circle, Edwards, the big, rough-
bearded Englishman, in the center. It was
comfortable there in Pierre's studio, warm
and dry. Outside ragged clouds were rac-
ing over the sky, and the December wind
swept keenly round corners. The light was
nearly gone. In half an hour it would be
quite dark.

The wood fire sent out tongues of flames
that flickered and gave to the old armor,
the black oak chairs, the curious silver, the
litter of brocades, and lace and tinseled
gowns and old tapestries that hung upon
the walls, a curious, stealthy life. On the
model throne an old empire frock, yellow-
ed with age and thrown carelessly upon an
oak chair, seemed to move, as though it
danced some quiet, ghostly measure.

The men smoked, and there were glasses
standing on the floor by the side of their
chairs. Alxive them clung a slowly moving
cloud of smoke. The dancing light of the

fire played over an unframed canvas that
hung on the left. It was a study of a head,
unfinished, hardly more than sketched in
roughly on a dull, flat, gray background,
unfinished except for the eyes. These, when
the light touched them, gleamed and glow-
ed and glowered. The genius which had
painted them was obvious. Yet for all that,
a perverted genius. The eyes w:re horri-
ble. They looked out from the dim, ghost-
ly face with a fear so intense, so lurid, so
soul shaking, that a young Belgian had half
turned his chair that he might avoid seeing
them.

Pierre Labelle did not smoke. He sat in
his peculiar huddled way, and now and then
his long, yellow right hand went feeling
furtively for the glass of absinthe and wa-
ter which he sipped. In the studios he was
known as "Mad Pierre." He lived alone
in the big. roomy studio with the small bed-
room behind the portiere opposite the fire-
place. No one knew much of him. He was
a genius, that was incontrovertible. Of the
power of his work all Paris and, therefore,
the wide world, which is Paws led, knew.
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He was a realist, and painted the horrible,
and his prices were big. But he chose to
live like the others— poorly — and clung to
the old studio in the world forgotten street.

It was not without reason that his com-
pinions spoke of him as "Mad Pierre." He
ffi irregularly, sometimes not at all for a
d%- or two,and he was given to abrupt long
absences, the secret of which no one knew.
His gestures were odd, he grew vehement
quickly, his temper was fierce and sudden,
he exercised a curious influence over his
fellow workers, an influence which was
thrown off with relief and laughed at when
he left them, but which never failed to hold
them in his presence. They listened to his
most extravagant outbursts with an odd be-
lief in them which they despised a'fter-
wards.

"To paint one picture— one picture that
would be great, real, living. To paint truth ;
to say. This, my picture, is real; it lives,
it is.' That would be a great matter. I
would die for it — I would give all — for af-
ter that what matter what comes?"

"Nonsense. Pierre!" cried Edwards. "We
all have a passing fondness for art, but to
die — nonsense !"

"It is not nonsense!" Pierre went on, in
'he curious half whisper of a voice that
:ame so strangely from his huge, gaunt
frame. "I love art— we all love art— and
death, what is it? It is only a big sleep.
And life? — life is the time for art. I
would see all the world crumple up to get
one new truth. Bah ! you love art, but your
love is poor. You do not imderstand !"

"Come, Pierre, you are unreasonable.
You have a reputation ; your works are
bought, the dealers are kind to you. That
should make life good." The artist sighed.
The dealers were not kind to his "Twilight
Evenings" and "Births of Spring."

"Why, my friend? Because the world is
ignorant. I have never painted truth yet —
never, never, never! But I will one day;
I will catch something that you may say,
This is Truth !' "

"My dear boy, your pictures are real
:nough now. You are the most promising
ealist in Paris. Some of your work gives
ne shudders."

"I will paint truth— but not yet, not yet,
my friend. Some day 1 will paint, and then
you shall see, then you shall shudder, then
you shall look upon naked life."

A little American, who had dreamed of
art in Chicago and had followed his mis-
tress over seas, rose and went curiously to
the easel set in front of the tferone.

"What is it, Pierre?" he asked lazily.

"A blot, a smudge. I can't get it — not
yet. But it shall come — it must come. I
would sell my soul — my life — anything — to
paint what I want to paint !"

"What's the subject?" The American
strolled back to his chair. The light was
too dim; he could not see.

Pierre leaned forward. His eyes were
of different colors, one greenish, one yel-
low, and sometimes — as now — they had a
curious gleam in them.

"I have called it The Hour of Death.' A
man has been ^tarv6d to death in a dungeon,
chained, so that he may see and not reach
a banquet spread out before him. It is a
story of revenge that is told in my own
Brittany. I have taken the hour before
death, the starved man a mere heap of
bones, just strung together upon a thin
wisp of life, staring at the banquet."

"What a ghastly subject!" cried the ICng-
lishman.

"Think of the possibilities, my friend. It
should be great, it shall be great if I can
only find — It's all done but the face. I
can't get the eyes. They haunt me. I can
almost see what I want, but I can't be sure,
and they must be real, they must have the
madness in them. I have painted them out
a hundred times. The eyes ! Think of
them ! It would be great to put them on
canvas. They must say so much, they must
tell of the long days and the gnawing hun-
ger and the awful sight of food just beyond
the iron claws of clutching hands. The
flesh of the face would have fallen away,
only bones and skin, a drawn mask, but the
eyes would remain — the eyes, with their
staring, with their madness, with their aw-
ful desire!"

"It's perfectly horrible — it*s not art,
Pierre !"

"Not art — not art! What do you know

about art, Edwards?" Thci^Sioarse half

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' whisper did not rise or fall, but it grew
tenser, thrilling with the odd passion of the
speaker. "Art is truth, and this will be
truth — when I have found the eyes. You
know nothing of art; you paint suave, tidy
landscapes that smell of the gardener and
grass seeds. I have walked up and down
in this old studio night after night looking
for truth, trj'ing to see something of hid-
den things. You know my picture, 'The
Felon's Death'?"'

"Yes; horribly grewsome. One saw the
man's soul fear in his eyes at the sight of
the guillotine."

**I watched the men walk from the pris-
on to execution before I painted that. The
face I painted was true. They were all like
it. They came out haggard and pale, fright-
ened, but when they saw the guillotine, mon
Dieu! there was a change. They turned
livid, the jaw dropped, the upper lip
twitched, the hands groped at their throats,
and the fear came bursting out of their
eyes. I watched them all; they were all
the same. I saw, so I could paint. Up
there, see my study of those eyes with the
death fear. Little Paul is afraid. Bah ! He
has turned his chair. But it is real, my lit-
tle friend ; it is all so real, so true, so ab-
solute. Now ! I have painted out the eyes
of the star\'cd man a hundred times. The
face is not good, either. I have seen starved
people, but they haven't been close to food
at the time. It makes a difference — a great
difference. You see that it must make a
difference? What do you know about art?
You never ro^ke any sacrifices — never! You
make up unreal pretty prettiness, but not
truth. I have caught something of it, not
all. but a glimpse here and there. The crit-
ics say I am real. I am not. i am nearer
than others, but not real. This picture will
be real when I have found the face and the
eyes. And I shall find them."

The night settled down heavily upon the
town. The light of the* wood fire, warm,
yellow, the yellow with a love of red in it,
fell upon Pierre's face. The thin face, the
fierce burning of the curious eyes, were re-
vealed with all the suggestive revelation of
firelight.

"I shall find them," Pierre repeated, "I
shall find them. There will be a curious

light in them ; they will be red eyes, I think.
The light will come through them; you
know the curious leap of light that comes
through from the soul. A man's soul, mad-
dened by hunger and the awful desire, rush-
ing through his eyes."

The others stirred uneasily. Pierre was
mad, and madness in a great man is dis-
turbing, especially with a black night flat-
ted against the windows, and the red of the
firelight revcahng something of the man's
inner self and thrusting shadows about the
gaunt, bare studio.

"You are diabolical, Pierre!" the Eng-
lishman said. "You are as bad as a visit to
the morgue. I always smell the charnel
house when you talk!"

"My friend," Pierre answered, "there is
so much death in the world that life is
merely a new phase of it. Millions have
died. The world is more chamel house than
dancing hall. You miss this. Your pretty,
suave landscapes, groomed trees, white
sheep, doll shepherdesses are all products
of decay and death. You don't see that, but
I am always conscious of it."

"Shut up, Pierre, you arc too ghoul-
ish ! Heaven ! I'd rather paint my green-
swards and blue skies to further orders than
go ferreting about for something that fes-
ters, even to possess the color and the tech-
nique you have."

"Then, my friend, you are a fool, and you
know nothing. You have no voice in your
soul. I have a voice, and I obey it. I
search. I spare no pain, no labors." He
broke off for a short time. The Belgian
lit a pipe and smoked fitfully. The others
looked at Pierre and at the black window.
Pierre was in his worst mood, but the night
was dark beyond and the fire was good.

"I must look for the eyes," Pierre said to
himself. He often forgot the presence of
others, and talked- in broken snatches of
threadless conversation. "Red, I think — the
red of a charcoal fire when angry. How
long to starve? — an old man. I think — yes
— he must be an old man — old men always
want to live."

"Who is your model?" the Englishman
asked.

"I have painted from old Marsac."

"He looks starved enough even for you.

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10:^3

The old fellow must be frail now. He has
a fine head; Jean Picot painted him as
Saint Peter."

*'Yes, a fine face — a noble face. But he is
not starved."

"No; he is thin and frail, but that is be-
cause he has no desire for food. You see
my difficulty; I can't catch the hunger look,
the desire of the eyes, the "

"It is a great work, my friends," Pierre
resumed suddenly, in a veiled voice — a voice
that was suggestive of hiding much. "If
I can achieve I shall have finished my la-
bor— my life will be complete. I shall have
accomplished my mission." He turned at a
more furious gust. "It is a wild night; I
grow restless. My friends, your ways are
many. There will be rain at the edge of
the wind. And, for myself, I have much to
do." His eyes went on a wandering, fur-
tive quest around the room. "My art calls
me. You know the imperious call of art?
My dreams flame, they grow in a strange
light." He commenced to move restlessly
about in an irregular ellipse round the cov-
ered canvas. "You will go. I shall not see
you for perhaps a fortnight. I go on a
search — a search for the eyes with their
burden of desire. I shall find them. They
are calling me now."

"It will be a long search, Pierre," said
the Englishman, rising.

"Not long."

"Long, I hope for the sake of the poor
beggar owning them."

"The poor beggar owning them !" A curi-
ous furtive smile crept round the corners of
Pierre's mouth. "One does not consider
the poor beggar!"

Outside the wind cried loudly.

"A fortnight!" Pierre continued, moving
towards the door — "a fortnight. Remember,
I am going upon my search. Good night !"

When the men had gone Pierre lit some
candles stuck on old bronze sticks, and
went swiftly to the shrouded canvas and
drew aside its wrapping. Then with eager
hands he painted out the face that stares
hungrily at the viands beyond reach.

He slept feverishly that night. Twice he
rose, lit candles, and looked at his work.
The passion of creation stirred in him, he
was under the spell of his own work.

At the coming of day, Pierre stole out in-
to the silent, half awakened morning, and
hammered at the doors of shops, hammered
so strenuously that the barred doors were
unfastened by sleepy, half clothed trades
people, who sold him provisions with won-
derment. He purchased largely; indeed, so
numerous were his purchases that he was
forced to make many journeys to his stu-
dio hugging the packages to his lean breast.
The wonderment had given way in nearly
every case to a rough pity. The great art-
ist was most certainly mad. If not, why
did he live in so poor a place when he was
wealthy, and steal out so early to buy bread
and meat and fruit ? Bah ! it was cold —
surely it was cold before the sun had climb-
ed far! — and no man but a madman would
be stirring so early. It was pitiful to be
mad, even if one were great. They had
heard that all great men were mad — Fran-
cois had said so, and Francois was a man
who knew — and they thanked le bon Dieu
that they were not great and were san^. So
they gave monsieur his goods in exchange
for his dole of francs and centimes, and
grumbled no more than a man roused from
a warm bed to go shivering into a gray
morning might reasonably indulge in. The
grumbling made little impression upon
Pierre. He was searching for the eyes in
his own way.

His last purchase was at a little shop
where they sold oil and small odds and
ends of iron mongery and rope. It was a
poor place in the Rue St. Paul, a street of
small shops with squat, low foreheaded liv-
ing places overhead. The shopkeeper was
an old man.

"Ah, oui, monsieur," he said, "I have
rope."

"It is strong?" inquired Pierre.

"O, yes ; strong to hold. Monsieur needs
it to bind?"

"To bind something most valuable."

"This will bear a great strain."

"Even the strain of a fortnight?"

"Monsieur is droll. He will have his lit-
tle joke. It will bear a strain of many
quintals dead weight."

"Ah! dead weight! That is good! I will
take it!"

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The old man stared after the gaunt,
stooping figure of the great artist.

**He may be great/' he said, turning back
into the dull parlor behind, where the sun
never came. **He may be wealthy; but he
is most certainly mad. And thank le bon
Dieu there never was a strain of madness
in our family; and as for poverty — better
that, for it has its good moments."

Pierre went back with his last purchase,
chuckling to himself. In the studio was a
litter of provisions, fruits, breads, liters of
wine, sugars, meats and many boxes of
candles, a great array. The model throne
was empty. Beside it stood the easel with
the painted out face. Pierre went up to it
and looked at it long, with a strange eager-
ness. Then the striking of a clock in a
church tower arrested his attention.

"Ten o'clock," he said. "Old Marsac will
be here and I have much to do."

He mounted the throne. At the back, in
the solid timber posts of the wall, were
strong iron staples. He went up to them
and pulled at them with his long, lean fin-
gers, fingers that were curiously strong.
The staples were stout enough. Eagerly he
untwisted the rope and tied it to the sta-
ples. Then with all his strength he tug-
ged at it, throwing himself about in a
frenzy, twisting here and there, pulling on
the rope with all the nervous energy of his
body. Both the rope and the staples- held.

"I am not weak," he muttered, **yet it
held ! It will surely be sufficient for my
purpose !"

He busied himself with the provisions.
Most of these he carried into the inner
room, where he lived, but enough for an
excellent meal he left heaped on a table.
Then he wandered round the room. All
the windows were thickly hung with tapes-
try, heavy folds that held all sound. Over
the door was a brass rod and rings for oth-
er tapestry curtains. Laboriously he carried
a pair of steps to the door, and then drag-
ged heavy curtains and placed them beside
it. When he had finished, a knock, a fee-
ble, halting knock, came at the door. Pierre
opened it with feverishly eager hands.

"You are late, Marsac," he said.

Old Marsac came in, leaning upon a
stick. He was feeble. A scanty, unkempt

beard covered the lower part of his face.
Above it a thin, hooked nose showed. His
cheek bones were prominent. The flesh un-
der the eyes had fallen in. He looked half
starved. His hands were bony and the
fingers were crooked. His eyes were the
most prominent feature of his face — ^bright,
restless, beadlike. Pierre looked at him
narrowly, yet looked not at him so much as
his eyes. They seemed to fascinate him.

"It is ill coming, monsieur, for one old
as I am," old Marsac answered. His voice,
like himself, was thin, seemingly half
starved.

"One moment, Marsac; I must put up
these hangings."

"You feel the cold, monsieur?"

"This old place is drafty. These hang-
ings will keep out — the wind." Pierre
paused before the words, "the wind," and
chuckled in his throat, a curious, gutteral
chuckle. Busily he worked, hooking the
tapestry to the brass rod.

"You have a feast on hand, monsieur?"

"A Christmas dinner, Marsac. We may
be hungry. Hunger comes to us all"

"Not before one, monsieur. Then I go."

"I may want you longer."

"Very well. I am my own master — my
own master. All who ever cared for poor
Marsac are asleep in the ground.*'

"No ties to life, Marsac?"

"None, monsieur. If I never returned
none would mark it."

"If you never returned."

"Sometimes I dread that. If I were to
die in the street — I grow more feeble every
day, and, who knows? I may be knocked
down one day. They would take me to the
morgue and there would be no one to claim
me."

"No one ! That is good."

"Good, monsieur?"

"To go out and leave no regrets behind.'*

"You are young. Only the young speak
lightly of death. The nearer he grows the
more we dread him. Shall I sit now, mon-
sieur ?"

"Again one moment. You are hungry?'*

"I had my breakfast but now. It is little
I need to keep alive this old body."

"You may be hungry presently?"

"Not until I go out."

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"You may even before that Who knows,
Marsac?"

Pierre went quickly to a side table and lit
candles. Then he passed to the heavy can-
delabra in the center of the room and lit
all the shining wax candles there. They
made a brave struggle with the garish day-
light.

The old man watched him with the
apathy of age. "It is strange, monsieur,
this lighting of candles. The light is good."

"A whim of mine, Marsac ; I would paint
by artificial light," answered Pierre. Then,
with the strange, swift eagerness of all his
movements, he pulled down the blinds,
shutting out the light of day.

"It is hard to believe that you will see
daylight again, Marsac," he said, chuckling
once more.

The old man laughed, too, a thin cackle.
He did not understand, but his patron was
pleased to be merry. .

"Yet assuredly I shall when I go out."

"Pcjrhaps— who knows? Come, let us
set out the food in a proper fashion."

The old man and Pierre arranged the
food with care on a damask napkin. Pierre
was particular in the setting out, and
through all his labor stared repeatedly at
the eyes.

"There is little to finish, monsieur, in the
picture," said the old man.

"Little— only the face, Marsac I have
painted it out again, but now I think I shall
get it right"

"And the eyes, monsieur."

"And the eyes, yes, the eyes."

"I am glad, monsieur."

"Are you?"

"Assuredly, yes."

The old man stepped up painfully to the
model throne.

"A little farther back, Marsac, nearer the
wall. Come, I will place you."

Pierre went up to the old man and put
him under the iron staples. Beside him was
the coil of rope.

"You can see the little feast well from
here, Marsac?"

"Indeed, yes. Ah, monsieur, in an hour
it will make me hungry."

S-1

"And in a day, two days, three days—
what then?"
"Monsieur, I do not understand."
"Ah, no— not yet; but you will!"
Pierre stooped and fingered the coil of
rope, making a slip knot with hurried
hands; then, with a pantherlike spring, he
leaped upon the old man and bound him
securely. Old Marsac was so astonished
that he made little resistance. Pierre fast-
ened the ends of the rope to the stout sta-
ples.

"Monsieur, monsieur, what are you do-
ing?" the old man cried in alarm. "These
ropes hurt me."

"Old idiot, don't you see— don't you see?
I must paint those eyes. It is for my pic-
ture. In a day, two days, three days, they
will have the light I want You will see the
food always and never taste. Shout,
scream, cry — those hangings will muffle
your voice as well as a gag. No one cares
for you, no one will miss you. You are giv-
ing your life to Art!"

♦ ♦♦♦*♦

On Christmas day, ten days later, Ed-
wards, the Englishman, and two other art-
ists came to Pierre's studio. The door was
locked, but Edwards had a key. Some
months before he had occupied the studio
while Pierre was away; now he wanted an
old toreador cloak he had left behind with
other artistic properties. He opened the
door, and the three men entered. The can-
dles were burning, and before the easel,
seated in an attitude of adoration, was
Pierre. On the throne a starved figure
hung huddled forward, held up by ropes to
iron staples. It was old Marsac, quite dead.

"Merciful heavens!" cried Edwards. He
turned swiftly and touched the crouching
figure. "Pierre!" he said.

"It is finished; I fbund the eyes!" Pierre
said. "They are wonderful — they are real !"
Then he burst into laughter, the weird,
purposeless laughter of a maniac

On the easel was the pictured face of a
man starving, with a feast spread before
him That was all Edwards saw — the
starved face and the eyes. And the eyes,
with their desire, were ttTrMe.—Philadel*
phia Inquirer,

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1026 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Over The First Railway Track In America.

BY FELIX J. KOCH.

JITH the various American rail- ahead is the mine, with its buildings of un-

ways vieing, one with the other, compromising black. Otherwise there is

in records for speed and the only open country-side,

like, it is a rather interesting The miners' homes, however, vary the

pilgrimage to make, to repair to the home monotony. They have green shades of a

of the first railway on the continent, and, decided emerald,— at the curtains, behind

as best one can, to retrace the line of track, the queer, mani-partite windows. The

Almost unknown, indeed, is the fact that door, too, to each house, opens into a

our first American railway had its course rather arcaded and protruding hallway,

laid for it in Canada, in Nova Scotia to be where plants are set,— the vestibule serving

SAMPSON, THE OLDEST CANADIAN LOCOMOTIVE.

Thii old loeomotiTe was ballt at Darham, Enfland. In 1887 add was the Ant locomotive naed on the Inter Colonial
Raltwaj. The eocine hat perpendicnlar cylinderi and the old hook motion. The tender was pnahed ahead of the eocine,
which was fired from the front end. The pattencer coach, attached behind the enfine wai about the size of an old itjrle
ttace coach and looks Tery much like one. At one time this locomotWe was owned by the Acadia Minine Company

exact — out of the town of New Glasgow, to keep out the cold in the winter. Coal

toward Stellarton. piles stand high about — and then you are

Today, the route is traversed by an elec- crossing the track of the old railway,
trie line, running primarily to the Avalon By and by you are at the mine, but that

shaft, one of the noted mines of Nova Sco- is a tale in itself. You are rather more in-

tia. The traction parallels a country road, terested in the railway — ^and the traditions

and incidentally a modern railway track as that survive as regards it.
well. You are carried into a valley of open The first railway in America, according

fields, and then among quaint red miner's to local authorities, began at the old Ford

hpuses, built double. It is seven miles from mine near Stellarton, running along the

Stellarton to New Glasgow by this route, river for probably six miles.
Far hills are seen, sloping to the mists, The last train over the rout^ made the

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 1027

AMERICA'S FIRST RAILWAY. THB SNOW PLOW AT WORK. NBW GLASGOW. NOVA SCOTIA.

course in 1889. Then the railway was Glasgow— were wont to jump on and off

abandoned— there being no more shipping the old train— an indicator of its greatest

done over it after once the Ford pit was speed. The road is believed to have been

closed because of water. The old pit is actually built with English capital, and no

half full of water now, and a large num- expense was spared. Every culvert, for

ber of men remain buried in the river be- example, was built of dressed stone,

side it, since that time. On gala days the train carried one pas-

The railway had been built by the mine senger coach, for the directors this, other-
company in 1838, and was owned by it wise was fitted for freight only.

The oldest engine of America's railways, Part of the old cradle-rails, on which it
as many will recall, was sent to the ran, survive. These, too, were unique. The
World's Fair in 1893. It was returned to rails were set up on what resembled a
Canada and is now at Montreal. It was de- chair— clear over the sleepers, however,
sired, at that time, that the first engineer Trains out of New Glasgow still run over
should accompany it to Chicago, but this a few of the old sleepers as they get
his age forbade. The old man, Davidson by just beyond the bridge. Part of the old
name, lived at Stellarton, and is believed to track, too, is utilized by a local coal deal-
be still alive^^though where no man can say. er, Munro by name, who handles the "New
The fireman was a fellow named Fraser, Acadian" coal. Over this section a pictur-
and he, too, has trekked to parts unknown, esque shunting-engine is operated.

Officially speaking, the first railway in Later, two locomotives were run on the

America ran from Fort Pitt through New line, where the ''Sampson" had been the

Glasgow to Abercrombie, a distance of nine first comer. Then the line became more

miles. In this nine mile stretch there was cosmopolitan, until it had to make way for

a grade of twelve inches — so that it was at a better.

first thought impossible for a train to cover And the town of the first railway— New

the "climb !" Local coal was used in the en- Glasgow? Railways, at the beginning do

gine, and this was fired at the front, the not seem to have proved the "mothers of

tender being at the front of the locomotive, towns," if one would judge by it. Almost

Boys, — one recalls from some of them, as it was then, so now. New Glasgow is a

"boys," who are now old men, at New quiet, rather fascinating country town.

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1028 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

GEORGB 8TRBBT. NEW GLASCiOW, NOVA SCOTIA.

There are the usual neat country stores, when the thermometer hovers about sixty

such as one finds all over Nova Scotian degrees. Today, the Canadian government

towns— outlined against the dull, grey skies railway runs through it — it is a hundred

that prevail even in July in this province — and five miles to Halifax.

Shifting The Burden — Compensation For

Injuries.

BY A. MAURICE LOW.
Reprinted by special permission from The North American Review for July 10, 1007. Copyright,
1907, by The North American Review Publishing Company.

|N his latest speech at Jamestown, an argument "that smacks of socialism," of
President Roosevelt advocated having given expression to views that arc
legislation by which a working- "demoralizing and degenerating to the very
man injured in the course of theory of our Constitution." Censure and
his employment shall be compensated by his praise are equally extreme. Mn Roosevelt
employer. This, in a few words, is the has made no discovery, he has not even
substance of the President's deliverance, elaborated an old theory; whether his doc-
Like all of Mr. Roosevelt's utterances, it trine is radical will depend upon the point
has been severely condemned and with of view. En passtnt, it is interesting to
equal vigor commended. He has been ac- note that in political terminology the word
cused of having enunciated "an entirely "radical" means one thing in England and
new and radical doctrine," of having advo- quite another thing in the Uited States;
cated "a new kind of paternalism calcu- and what is "radical" in America is simply
lated to have a deadening effect upon the "progressive conservatism" in England,
sense of individuality," of having advanced Every foreigner who has studied thCjUni-

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RAILROAD . TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL 1029

ted States sociologically is always amazed pression in England with the beginning of
at the paradox of its conservatism. He is the factory system, and were acknowledged
led to expect that this country will be the to be in the interest of a class — a class
world's laboratory for experimenting in so- which the State was morally bound to pro-
cial legislation, that every theory will be tect because it was incapable of protecting
tested to demonstrate its truth, and that the itself. Space will not permit me to go into
United States will lead in social legisla- this branch of the subject at any length,
tion. On the contrary, he finds that Ameri- and a recent bulletin of the Bureau of La-
cans are much more cautious in undertak- bor (No. 70. "A Short History of Labor
ing social experiments than Europeans. A Legislation in England") traces in concise
law placed on the statute-books by the Con- form the genesis and growth of this legis-
servative party in England, as a logical de- lation; but two things mr:t be emphasized,
velopment in the progress of society, is con- One is that, having had their inception
sidered by many Americans intensely radi- purely in humanitarianism, it was not until
cal, dangerously socialistic, in that it strikes long afterwards that the economic value of
at the very foundation of society and these laws was understood, and it took men
threatens not only the social order, but the many years to grasp what is now a truism,
destruction of national independence.. It is that there is a certain limit of physical en-
presumed that Mr. Roosevelt is at least rca- durance, and that, when that limit is
sonably familiar with the official publica- reached, labor ceases to be profitable. In
tions of his own Government, and Bulletins other words, it is cheaper to work a man
No. 32 and 70 of the Department of Labor eight hours a day than it is to work him
will show that the scheme he advanced at ten or twelve, because after he has worked
Jamestown has been in operation in Eng- eight hours he is mentally and physically
land for the past ten years. Whether it is fagged out and his work falls below the
advisable to borrow legislation of this char- profitable standard. The other fact, of
acter from England I shall not now dis- equal interest, is that at the beginning both
cuss; but, in view of the attention given to employers and employes opposed the laws,
the subject by serious-minded men, I pro- the one believing that it would ruin them,
pose briefly to explain the reasons which and the other, that it was an interference
led to the adoption of the Act, the objects with freedom of contract, and hampered
sought to be accomplished and its results. them in the sale of their only commodity,
To meet the issue frankly, let it be said their labor. Both theories have been proved
at the outset that this is "class legislation" to be fallacious.

in its most extreme form, but in that it The British Workmen's Compensation

diflFers not in the least from the whole mass Act, which came into operation on July 1st,

of "Protective Legislation" that for the last 1898, both destroyed and created— it struck

half-century has constituted the chief work down, in effect, although not in expressed

of lawmakers the world over. By protec- terms— the pernicious common-law doctrine

tive legislation the sociologist means those of "common employment," and it laid an

laws designed to protect the laborer, the obligation upon the employer to succor his

wage-earning class, the men and women en- employes when in distress. The doctrine of

gaged in fi;^inful operations, from the con- "common employment," which the courts

sequences of their own folly or ignorance of this country recognize, relieves an em-

and the cupidity or indifference of their em- plover of liability for an injury caused to a

ployers. Laws restricting hours of labor person in his employment if the injury was

or output, requiring proper sanitation in the result of the negligence of another per-

factories, providing for safety appliances in son also in his employment. Thus, if a

mines and railways, fencing machinery to man employed by a railway company in

safeguard employes, prohibiting the em- New York to couple cars does his work so

ployment of children of tender age— these negligently that, when those cars are un-

and all similar laws which we now regard coupled in Chicago, the employe there must

as a matter of course first found their ex- inevitably have his hand crushed^^nder the

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1030 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

common-law doctrine of "common employ- to a person in his employ when the injury

menf' he has no remedy against the rail- is caused by defective plant or machinery

way company, as the man in New York and or the negligence of persons entrusted with

the man in Chicago are "fellow servants," superintendence. But that law really did

and each assumes the risk of negligence on little to correct the evils it was designed to

the part of the other — a doctrine manifestly meet It was in the first place, difficult to

unjust. The common law has further pro- prove negligence ; many accidents are not

tected the employer by the application of due to negligence, but arc an unavoidable

the principle of ^'volenti non fit injuria" incident arising out of the occupation; and

If the employer can prove that the employe as most employers refused voluntarily to

was injured in the course of his occupation make compensation, the result was costly

by a risk which it is inferred the workman and uncertain litigation. Speaking gener-

must have known, the employer is relieved ally, it may be said that the working-man

of liability. To succeed in an action at was little better off after the passage of the

^common law for an injury caused by defec- Employer's Liability Act than he was bc-

tive plant, it would be necessary to prove fore.

that the employer knew, but the workman when the Act was found to be unsatis-
was ignorant of the defect which caused factory, numerous attempts were made to
the injury. A further obstacle to the re- secure' its amendment, which principally
covery of damages by a workman in an ac- took the form of the abolition of the prin-
tion at common law is the defense of **con. ciple of "common employment." In 1893,
tributory negligence"; the law holding that, ^r. Asquith, the Home Secretary, repre-
if the injury was caused through the com- senting the Government of the day. brought
bined negligence of both parties, the in- {„ a bill for that purpose, which after pas-
jured person cannot recover. Thus, it sage by the Commons was rejected by the
might be the duty of a workman to clean a Lords. That bill finally grew into the
machine in motion, and the owner of the Workmen's Compensation Act in the form
machine might not have equipped it with a of an amendment moved by Mr. Chamber-
safety device to prevent accident; yet, al- lain, in 1897, "that no amendment of the
though the workman might be maimed for law relating to employer's liability will be
life because of the parsimony or indiffer- final or satisfactory which does not provide
ence of the employer, it might be easy for compensation to workmen for all injuries
him to show negligence on the part of the sustained in the ordinary course of their
workman, and under the common law doc- employment, not caused by their own act or
trine of contributory negligence the work- default" This is the principle of the law
man could obtain no redress. as it now stands. "It is difficult to over-
It will be seen, therefore, that while, the- rate the boldness or importance of the step
oretically, the law of England gfave a work- then taken by the legislature," is the state-
man protection and compensation when he ment made by a departmental committee
met with an accident in the course of his appointed by the Secretary of State for
occupation, in point of fact he seldom if Home Affairs in 1903 to inquire into the
ever was able to obtain redress. The doc- workings of the law.
trines of common employment, volenti Hon It has already been observed ^hat, in the
fit injuria and contributory negligence were long struggle between human itarianism and
ramparts about the employer that the work- cupidity and criminal indifference, when a
ing-man was unable to overthrow. The in- finer ethical conception and a wider knowl-
justice of this was so apparent that an agi- edge of the duties of society induced a
tation began for an amendment to the law small number of men to bring about the
that would place employer and employe passage of protective legislation, that legis-
more nearly on an equality. It was not lation was always opposed both by masters
imtil 1880 that this agitation bore fruit in and workmen, because both believed the
the passage of the Employer's Liability Act, burden would fall on them. It was so in
which makes an employer liable for injury this case. Prior to the passage of the law.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 1031

Mr. John Wilson, a member of Parliament his earnings, a sum equal to three years'
and secretary of the Durham Coal Miners' wages, or £150, whichever sum is larger.
Association, in a circular issued to his As- but in no case to exceed £300; in case of
sociation said, supposing a scheme of com- partial dependence, a sum not exceeding
pensation adopted, the money will no more the amount payable for total dependency as
come from the employer than "the water may be agreed upon or determined; in case
we drink comes from the tap or the pipe it of total incapacity, a weekly payment dur-
flows out of. It may run out of the tap, ing the entire time of incapacity equivalent
but it must come from the spring or other to one-half the weekly earnings, but not to
source. So the money paid will come from exceed one pound. Practically, a working-
the spring of the employer's wealth — the man totally disabled and unable to earn his
labor of the workman." living in his regular trade is given a pen-
Manufacturers and the employers of la- sion for life on half wages, except in those
bor, generally, saw in this law, if not their cases where his wages exceeded two pounds
ruin, at least a very heavy reduction of a week, as the maximum pension is limited
their profits. They did not agree with Mr. to one pound, but the employer has the ofn
Wilson that the money paid in compensa- tk>n to commute the pension by the pay-
tion would "come from the spring of the ment of a lump sum. In the case of par-
employer's weahh— the labor of the work- tial incapacity, a sum not exceeding one-
man"; on the contrary, they held it would lialf the wages shall be paid during the
come out of their own pockets. The col- Period of incapacity, but the amount the
liery proprietors, for example, asserted that workman is able to earn may be regarded
the proposed law would impose a charge as a set-off and the employer's contribution
equivalent to three pence per ton on every reduced accordingly. The law works auto-
ton of coal mined, or an annual charge of niatically.

£2,375,000. When the bill was pending in Having thus explained the motives that

the House of Commons, Mr. Asquith induced the legislature to enact the law,

agreed with Mr. Wilson, and suggested and the objects sought to be attained, we

that, inasmuch as a large share of the bur- must now consider three aspects of the

den would fall upon wages, the working- subject, namely : Is it the duty of the State

men would gain little benefit. Mr. Cham- to provide for those unable to provide for

berlain replying to Mr. Asquith said that, themselves; and what are the economic and

admitting the correctness of the argument, sociologic effects of State interference and

"every addition to-^he cost of manufacture assistance?

must come out of wages, which, I think. The first question — ^the duty of the State
will reduce the argument to an absurdity." to furnish assistance — cannot be answered
In the course of the same debate he said: dogmatically, because the answer to it will
"We have provided for those who are in- be determined by the conception every per-
jured by no fault of their own, but we have son has of the proper relation existing be-
gone beyond that, because we have pro- tween the State, representing society as a
vided for those who have contributed to the whole, and the individual — which is a con-
accident from which they suffer." ception biased by political and other con-
The law provides that a workman in- siderations. To those who believe that the
jured in the course of his occupation, when State is something more than a "big police-
that injury is not due to any violation of man," and that the State is remiss in its
the rules and regulations established and duties when it is content merely to provide
approved by the proper authorities for the prisons and hospitals, the principle exem-
conduct of the business, whether or not plified by the Workmen's Compensation
that accident was due to the default or neg- Act is log^ically the proper development of
ligence of the employer, shall be compen- the highest form of social duty; to those
sated by him as follows : In case death re- who hold to the contrary and believe that
suits from the injury and the workman the best-governed state is the least-gov-
leaves dependents wholly dependent upon emed state, the liability thrown on th& em-
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1032

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

ployer for compensation to his workmen
may well be regarded "a pernicious doc-
trine/' As the question, in this connection,
is academic no profitable end can be gained
by its discussion at this time. But when
we approach the other phase of the ques-
tion—the effect of the law sociologically
and economically — ^we are on surer ground.

The test of every law is time— the ex-
perience which proves whether philosophic-
ally the law meets a demand or is merely
the unconsidered expression of momentary
excitement; and the supreme test of all
economic laws is the response to the de-
mands made upon it in a time of a falling
market. In other words, an economic law
is like a ship whose buoyancy and stability
and general seaworthiness can only be
proved, not when it lies at anchor, but
when it has been buffeted by wind and
wave. In a rising market, when the times
are good and labor is scarce, every pseudo-
economic law justifies itself, as the mgst
unseaworthy craft does in fair weather ; but
it is only in time of stress that we are able
really to discover whether a law is econom-
ically sound or an assumption predicated on
false principles. The Workmen's Compen-
sation Act has not received such a thor-
ough test as would enable us to speak with
conviction as to its economic workings, be-
cause since its passage the United King-
dom has enjoyed great prosperity, and in
England, as in this country, the demand
both for products and labor has fully kept
pace with the supply.

Two years after the passage of the law,
in 1900, the writer made in England and
Scotland a study of its operations for the
United States Bureau of Labor; and last
year, as an incident to another sociological
investigation, he paid some attention to its
workings, to ascertain to what extent his
conclusions of 1900 should be modified. In
the report of that year it was stated:

"During the brief period the law has been
in force there has been a demand greater
than the output for nearly all forms of
manufactured articles, and labor has found
steady and remunerative employment at
constantly increasing wages. In some
trades there has been a scarcity of labor,
especially since the outbreak of hostilities

in South Africa, which seriously affected
the labor market by the withdrawal of men
from gainfid occupations to join the cok>rs.
This fact cannot be too strongly empha-
sized. Both employers and employe agree
that the real merits and defects of the law,
its advantages and disadvantages, can only
be determined when there is a time of
stress, when capital cannot find a produc-
tive return, and when labor cannot find em-
ployment and the wage scale declines."

With the insuflSdent data then in pos-
session of the writer, it was only possible
to reach one conclusion, that the cost of
compensation had not been a tax laid upon
the working-men in so far as it imposed a
charge upon his wages, as wages instead of
having decreased since the law came into
effect were higher than before its passage;
but it must be repeated that not one but
many things affect the level of wages. The
natural assumption, then, would be that, as
compensation had cost the working-man
nothing, the full burden had fallen upon
the employer, which is an assumption justi-
fied only in part. In estimating the cost of
production, a manufacturer calculates the
cost of raw material, labor, interest on his
capital, expense of distribution and factory
and office charges, rent, insurance, adver-
tising, etc Assuming that compensation to
workmen is equivalent to five per cent (this
estimate, of course, is purely arbitrary) of
the annual wage roll, here is a fixed sum
which must come either out of profits or be
added to the selling-price. It may often
happen, however, that the consumer will
not bear the whole cost, as part of it will
be taken up in the slack of the chain of in-
dustry. From the producer of the raw
material to the constmier, every article of
commerce passes through many hands,
every transaction increasing the cost, but
also permitting a specific charge incident to
production to be widely distributed. But,
even if the whole charge fell upon the con-
sumer, which is only another term for the
public at large, it would be merely shifting
the burden from the shoulders of the indi-
vidual to the shoulders of many individuals,
and the many are better able to bear the
burden than the one. Facing facts frankly
as they exist, we are forced to recognize

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

1033

that the working-man as a class is iinanci-
ally unable (whether because of improvi-
dence or misfortune, we need not now con-
sider) to bear without outside assistance
the strain of illness long continued.
Whether the workman goes to a hospital
which is maintained by the general taxes
of the community, whether he is supported
by the contribution of his fellow workmen,
whether he is the recipient of charity, it is
immaterial in what form the assistance is
rendered, the cost falls not on himself, but
is assumed by a limited number of persons.
By the statutory enactment the number of
persons is unlimited; their limit is only the
number of consumers, and each bears his
part in sustaining the burden of his fellow.
In the report of the departmental commit-
tee to which reference has alreaiy been
made, the conclusion is reached that, "on
the whole, we think, the verdict must be
favorable to the Act In other words, we
think that great advantages to the work-
men have been obtained without imposing
any undue pecuniary burden upon the em-
ployers."

We have now to consider the sociological
effect of the law, and in that connection an
important economic-sociologic phase. Is it
for the general advantage of society that a
workman shall be pensioned when incapa-
citated in the line of duty, or is it better
for himself individually and for society in
the aggregate that, when injured, he shall
be cast adrift to shift for himself? Here
again the answer will be dictated by the
teachings of political philosophy. To the
disciples of the Manchester School, who
preach the doctrine of laisses-faire and
whose ideal of the State is a stony-hearted
stepmother deaf to the cries and blind to
the tears of her unfortunate children, State
interference is maudlin sentiment destruc-
tive to manhood and independence, but the
modem view of the duty of the State is
more humane, and is actuated by an intel-
ligent selfishness represented by the for-
mula that what is good for one is best for
all. We begin by the recognition of a mor-
al obligation, the acknowledgment that
those who, by the accident of nature or
even by their own laches, are less fortu-
nate must, in a sense, be taken care of by

the more fortunate ; but in so doing no prop
is withdrawn from them, nothing is done
to break down their resistance or initiative.
If suffering comes to them, suffering is to
be relieved ; but no premium is to be placed
upon suffering, malingering is not to be
rewarded. "It may be that the employer
finds some compensation," the report of the
departmental committee says, "in the im-
proved relations with his workmen, or in
the advantages that result from a clear and
definite obligation imposed on all employers
engaged in the industry, instead of the
more indefinite moral obligations which,
previous to the legislation in question, were
felt to be binding by good employers, but
were neglected by bad."

The working of the law has had one
effect which probably no one was wise
enough to foresee at the time of its passage.
It has, without question, made it more diffi-
cult for the old and infirm to obtain em-
ployment, and these difficulties will increase
whenever the labor market is redundant —
that is, whenever trade is slack and there
are more men seeking employment than
there is work for them to perform. The
reason for this is obvious. A man whose
faculties are dimmed and whose muscles
are relaxed, a man past the prime of life,
is more liable to meet with an accident in
a trade requiring great alertness of eye,
hand or step than a younger man; and,
with the fear of compensation always be-
fore him, the employer will natiirally se-
lect the man with the greatest percentag^e
of chances in his favor. In the old days, it
made no difference. If a man fell from a
scaffold and broke his back or his leg, the
employer was under no legal obligation to
compensate his dependents or care for him
during sickness, but now he cannot escape
from this obligation, so that, when the la-
bor supply is plentiful, the selective process
will be employed and only those most fit will
industrially survive. In the 1900 Report to
which I have previously referred, I said:

"This (the discrimination against men
beyond a certain age) has been referred to
without bitterness, but as a fact, an unfor-
tunate but perhaps unavoidable corollary to
the effort made to improve general condi-
tions, which, as a gcncr^ thing, bring

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1034 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

about 'the greatest good for the greatest Admittedly, the law is still an experi-
number/ but incidentally, in the process of ment; but it is an experiment that so far
adjustment, before its accomplishment en- has worked well, and employers as well as
tails some suffering on the minority/' employed agree that it has served a useful
The departmental committee was sensibly purpose. Experience may prove that, to
impressed by this effect of the law. "The prevent oppression and to convey the full-
evidence has led us to the conclusion," the est benefits, the law will need to be amend-
committee said, "that the Workmen's Com- ed; but one may assert, with due regard
pensation Acts have largely increased the for the danger of vaticination before the
difficulties of old men finding and retaining event, that the Workmen's Compensation
employment. We fear the tendency is for Act has been written into the statute-book
these difficulties to grow," of England not to be effaced.

Skeptical Peter Peterkins. — ^A Christmas Story.

BY THOMAS C MINOR, M. D.,

Saxby*s Magasine

JNCE on a time (all orthodox ever given first to empty an overk>aded
Christmas stories commence stomach, and the former for intestinal rca-
thus) there lived a little boy sons — Peter could never understand, inas-
named Peter Peterkins. He was much as the boy was unversed in Aescu-
neither a very good child, nor a very bad lapian arts. Peter would never have need-
child, but, from the age of three years, he cd medical services had he but heeded the
had shown a disposition to look at many advice of papa and mamma. Again, the
things with an eye of doubt, so that, among boy had been frequently admonished not to
his neighbors, he had the name of Skeptical pick up "Gyp," the family tomcat, by the
Peter Peterkins. This tendency to skep- tail, and on several occasions had been bad-
ticism on the part of the boy had resulted ly scratched by the mouse catcher. He fin-
in his meeting with many accidents, for he ally learned from his cat school of expcri-
never heeded the advice of his good papa ence that it is best to rub pussy on the back
and his lovely mamma, who were wise par- with its fur in the proper direction, so as to
ents and knew exactly what was proper or elicit low purrings of feline delight He
improper for children to do; what would had been informed, too, that pulling the
result in pleasure, and what in pain. For watch dog's ears might result in personal
instance, Peter was informed on several injury to the puller. After being bitten on
occasions that taking pie and cake from the his hand two or three times, Peter discover-
pantry and eating the same at irregular ed that patting "Tray" on the head was- the
hours and in large quantities was liable to proper canine caress. He was also told
upset his stomach, for, like all small youths, that it was highly improper to enter Dolly's
when he ran across a jam jar or a jelly stall from the rear and tickle the animal's
glass or black cake, he was apt to swallow hind legs with the riding whip. Having
such food hurriedly in his anxiety to escape had his arm broken once by being packed
undetected in such a nefarious act. Some- twelve feet across the barn, Peter there-
times he was rewarded when caught, with after only approached "Dolly" with a lump
a maternal spanking; at other periods he of sugar from the head of the stall. He
had colic, for which the old family physi- learned, too, after warning, not to get down
cian was called to minister. Dr. Billem on all fours and attempt football condu-
Pillem was a courtly gentleman, who be- sions with Mike Malloney's, the stable
lieved in castor oil and ipecac, the latter man's pet billy goat

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His early attempts to discover whether
mamma's and papa's advice in regard to
domestic animals was proper, taught him
some litle wisdom; yet, as he grew older,
he still experimented, owing to his skep-
ticism on other lines. He had been warned
not to go too near the bee hive; but, hav-
ing heard Mike Malloney say that every
hive had a queen bee that was much larger
than the other bees, he doubted the story,
and one summer day, when the hive work-
ers were supposed to be absent in the white
clover fields, he upset the hive. He never
saw any queen bee, it is true, but then his
eyelids were swollen so he could see noth-
ing, while his lips were puffed out so his
mother hardly recognized her Peter's face.
There was certainly a queen bee or some
other kind of bee in hives, the boy con-
cluded, and thereafter he sedulously avoided
the pursuit of apiculture. Having been
burnt by the premature discharge of Fourth
of July firecrackers, scratched, kicked, bit-
ten, stung, he at last came to regard some
of his parents' advice as good, and grew
cautious— even cunning— yet, strange to
say, more skeptical than ever. He did not
controvert the opinions of papa and mam-
ma so openly as formerly, but kept up a
deep thinking, always ending in doubt; for
he had an analytical mind, always wishing
to see for himself the true cause and, sad
enough, usually, to realize the effect For a
year before he was eight he doubted things
like an old Voltaire or Tom Payne. Peter
Peterkins was not so different, after all,
from many children of even larger growth
as to his habits of celebration. What he
did not know positively, he guessed at, then
believed in the guess until he was taught,
occasionally, that all guesses are not right.
Herein was deep heathen philosophy, mys-
tical, and akin to esoteric Buddhism and
other ancient cults modernized and vulgar-
ized.

Like almost all children, he had been
taught early to believe in St. Nicholas.
This, with "Now I lay me down to sleep,"
constituted his creed of religious faith until
his eighth year. At this period his super-
natural nature underwent a radical change.
One day, to the horror and consternation of
hb only and younger sister, he avowed his

utter disbelief in the patron saint of Christ-
mas. He was careful enough not to utter
this profound heresy in the presence of
mamma and papa, however, for two rea-
sons. First, because he feared the displeas-
ure of his parents ; for, had not mamma and
papa instilled the germ of this infantile
faith into his mind? Second, he had a
vague notion that perhaps his announce-
ment of fall from grace might result in
disaster as regarded Christmas presents,
for even in his skepticisms he faintly con-
victed mamma and papa as the real trans-
mitters of the good gifts ostensibly bestow-
ed by St Nicholas, they being the inter-
mediaries of proper rewards and dire pim-
ishments as time and occasion might re-
quire.

How often had Peter Peterkins been
warned that good little boys and girls were
most kindly remembered by St. Nicholas
with confections, nuts, toys and a world full
of good things that the season's festivals
should bring about. Then the punishment
for bad little boys and girls — only lumps of
hard coal and rattans for flogging would
appear in each Christmas stocking. True,
it was, that Peter could not remember the
time his own stocking had not been filled
to repletion with all the childish luxuries.
This led him to assume that his conduct on
this earth had ever been perfect, as he had
always been annually rewarded ; so, to many
older souls, prosperity has appeared indi-
cative of the possession of all the higher
ethical virtues. It is a fine superstition that
virtue is ever rewarded and our vices pun-
ished. It lifts up humanity and is an emi-
nently proper superstition, if superstitions
are proper. It was Fichte, the German
philosopher, who once observed that "it is
only superstition which restrains and con-
trols the masses ;"^ but this is a digression,
for Peter Peterkins had never read Fichte,
and it was a good thing for Peter that he
never had. It will be seen from this that
the boy had commenced to acquire wisdom,
even if the sign did not yet appear in his
teeth. He could look back proudly and
note the time when he could not see why
12 times 12 should not be 200 instead of 144,
and why 12 added to 20 be 100, Just as well
as 32. Time and a little rattan had

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strengthened Peter's ideas in a number of
directions. He learned his letters early and,
when seven, could read the headlines of the
morning's paper with a certain degree of
intelligence. The headings "Mobs," "Sui-
cide," "Lynching," "Bank Defalcations," and
other ornamental display lines that adorn
the great American dailies, served to turn
his mind to warlike and strenuous doings,
and inspired him with an ambition to be-
come notorious and violent By that meth-
od of unconscious cerebration, intuition, in-
stinct (if you want to call it by such
names), peculiar to juvenile citizens of the
Republic, he lost faith in the true, good and
beautiful of early childhood and indulged
in rather morbid introspection, with an in-
herited tendency to doubt, his grandfather
having been a Congregational clergyman of
Scotch descent, recanting from Geneva Cal-
vinism. Peter Peterkins doubted, doubted,
and finally grew almost agnostic as to
whether there was ever a real Saint Nich-
olas.

One night, when his little mamma had
tucked him in his bed with safety pins —
for he had eaten half of a pumpkin pie at
six-o'clock dinner — she made him repeat
after her the familiar "Now I lay me down
to sleep" and the other pretty words of that
lovely child-prayer. He suddenly stopped
at the words "Pray the Lord my soul to
keep." His gentle mother, leaning over his
pillow, said, softly, "Peter, finish your pray-
er like a good boy." To her astonishment,
he exclaimed, pettishly, "It is a story. Oh,
mamma! I'm too tired and sleepy to say
it." His mamma looked at him nervously.
Peter turned over on his side and pretend-
ed to be asleep ; in fact, the small hypocrite
essayed a low, heavy breathing, akin to an
infantile snore. She, thinking him now
asleep, and yet wondering, retired to her
own adjoining room, after kissing the boy
on his rosy cheek. When she had depart-
ed, Peter, who was really wide awake, felt
in his heart the pang of grief at ,his deceit.
He had the feeling of compunction, yet
could not have exactly defined his sin. Then
he remained awake several hours, pitching
and tossing. Perhaps it was his sin that
made him so restless, but he had eaten too
much pumpkin pie, too, as has been pre-

viously noted; so, keeping his eye on the
window pane and trying to count the stars
in the sky beyond, he at last fell asleep, his
little pillow bedewed with tears of infantile
remorse. Alas! for the childhood remorse
associated with pumpkin pie. It will be
Been from this little episode that Peter had
some conscience, for, next day, he asked his
mamma's forgiveness for deceiving her, and
was happy for the maternal pardon. It is
difficult to catch the exact evolutions of the
juvenile mind, but all know that the beauti-
ful faith of early childhood fades all too
often and imperceptibly away. Peter, later
on in years, ever remembered that night of
remorse when he first deceived his little
mother. He never forgot how the stars,
shining through the window panes, seemed
like the eyes of pitying angels looking down
—eyes so full of sorrow, eyes so reproachful
that he had buried his face under the cover-
lid, and so gently cried himself to sleep.

The Peterkins family lived in the sub-
urbs of a large city. Besides Papa and
Mamma Peterkins and skeptical Peter, there
was a little girl, Gabrielle. The latter was
like a lovely Dresden doll, a regular prin-
cess, just such an one as are pictured in the
fairy tale books. She had soft blue eyes,
long flaxen hair, and a most entrancing
pink-and-white complexion. She was plump
and jolly, too. Above all, she had a charm-
ing disposition. She was a happy little girl,
dancing around from morning until night,
and often clapping her hands from sheer
delight, she was so pleased with the world
and everything in it. Gabrielle Peterkins
was two years younger than Peter. She
was a trustful little girl, ever having an
abiding faith in all that mamma and papa
told her; an obedient child in all things.
She always said her prayers in an humble,
submissive spirit, full of hope and faith for
the morrow. Gabrielle had implicit confi-
dence in St Nicholas; for, was that not
part of the child's religion taught her? To
her St Nicholas was a real spirit of the
Christmas-tide, who came down on earth
from his toy workshop in the sky, driving
in a sleigh drawn by fiery reindeer, with jin-
gling sleigh bells as a musical accompani-
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1037

ment; for had not mamma taught her to

repeat those exciting verses:

'' Twas the night before Christmas, and all

through the house
Not a creature was stirring; not even a

mouse ?"
Gabrielle knew the infantile poem like all
other litle girls in the English-speaking
world. St. Nicholas was as much in evi-
dence in her faith as the Ten Command-
ments are in the old Mosaic law. It had
been a great shock to Gabrielle when skep-
tical Peter Peterkins had proclaimed his
apostasy to her holiday creed and had turn-
ed boy heretic.

One day, a short time before Christmas,
Peter had struck such a blow at her faith
she was not only amazed, but stunned, at
his impious remark. "Say, Gsht/* (he
called her "Gabey" for short), "I don't be-
lieve in that old St. Nicholas. There's no
saint ever comes down a chimney of all the
houses in the world and gives children all
they ask their papas -snd mammas for. It's
a big story, and I don't believe it— not
Petty."

Gabrielle looked at her brother with eyes
full of fear and wonder, while the tears
gathered, more in sorrow than anger, as she
replied, "I do, for papa ^nd mamma said
so." A youthful sneer and a curl of the
upper lip, and Peter retorted: "Papa and
mamma are not always right, Sister Gabey.
Do you know what I am going to do next
Christmas Eve? Sister, can you keep a se-
cret, and promise you will never, never
breathe a breath to papa and mamma?" He
stopped here and looked at her inquiringly.
She, with the natural feminine curiosity,
that has pervaded the sex, young and old,
since Eve wondered how an Eden apple
would taste, after a very short reflection
nodded her flaxen head in token of assent.
"Swear it!" he cried, in a melodramatic
fashion. He had heard Malloney, the sta-
bleman, who sometimes frequented variety
shows, make this observation to the cook.
"I will ; I will," she whispered, awed by the
mystery of the forthcoming secret. "Sister
Gabrielle," said Peter, for the third time,
**next Christmas eve I shall sneak out of
bed after mamma and papa are sound
asleep. Then I shall go upstairs to the back

room, climb out on the top roof ladder and
see if any St. Nicholas slides down our
chimney flue." Gabrielle buried her head in
her hands in fright. "Oh, Petey, Petey!"
she cried. "Do not be such a bad boy; St.
Nicholas will be very angry, and" (here she
sobbed) "if you watch him, he will certainly
not leave anything in our stockings:" Poor
Gabrielle ! she was thinking of her own dis-
appointment; but that is natural, even in
unselfish children. "Oh, Petey," she con-
tinued, looking up and drying her eyes;
"you will catch your death of cold up on
the roof there. Oh, you make me scared,
too." Peter rose to his feet proudly, in a
truly heroic fashion. "Rats !" he exclaimed,
having heard Malloney say this to the up-
stairs girl Had he said "Mice!" it might
have been different "Who is scared? Not
I! not on your life. Petey does not scare,
not even at St. Nicholas. As for the rein-
deer, I'll drive them myself." Gabrielle
shivered; yet in her feminine heart of
hearts, she rather admired the rash bravery
of her only brother. "As for the cold, never
mind that. I shall slip on my sealskin
overcoat and put my feet in my arctics, to
keep sliding off the icy roof; and, Gabey, if
I catch St. Nicholas really going down the
chimney, I'll ride in that sleigh, you bet
your sweet life" — again the language of
Malloney had been appropriated by the
ever-imitative admirer of the stableman.
At this outburst Gabrielle placed her fin-
gers in her ears and refused to hear more,
while Peter Peterkins stalked off like the
stage hero in a circus side-show. Gabrielle
pondered deeply. Should she tell papa and
mamma? "No," she answered to her dear
little self. "If Peter is punished, and he
usually is, it will be his own fault What
papa and mamma say is true."

It was at this moment that the voice of
their mamma was heard on the outside
stairs, calling after the skeptical brother,
"Peter, go to the stable and tell Mr. Mal-
loney to hitch up the horse. I must go
down town this afternoon, as I have much
Christn^s shopping to do." Peter Peter-
kins raised his eyebrows knowingly.
"Christmas shopping? Ah, ha, mamma
could no longer fool me. Christmas
shopping, indeed. She was St:^ Nicho-f

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las." His keen sense of observation
also led him to think that his mamma's con-
cluding remarks, just before she drove to
town, were suspicious, for did mamma not
say, in her loving way, as she kissed the
two children good-bye, "Gabrielle, how
would you like St. Nicholas to bring you a
new French doll; for last year's doll has a
broken leg and arm ; and a new kitchen set
for the doll house, and a new trunkful of
new clothes for the new dolly, and lots and
lots of other nice things?" Gabrielle clap-
ped her hands laughingly. "Tell St. Nich-
olas to bring everything," she cried. "And
you, Peter," continued Mrs. Peterkins,
"what do you want St. Nicholas to bring
you?" Peter hung his head as Gabrielle
looked at him out of her honest blue eyes.
"Lots, mamma; lots," he replied; and as
the carriage turned the corner of the road
he shouted, "Comer lots!" He looked at
the shocked Gabrielle and laughed merrily.
HI.
It was Christmas Eve, and the Peterkins
family were seated around the dinner ta-
ble; for Mr. Peterkins, who was a very
active member of Change, took only a
lunch downtown in the city at the noon
hour. Papa Peterkins was radiant in a
Tuxedo suit and black cravat ; for the fam-
ily were what is known as modish. He
was rather a flashy dresser, this papa, and
was fond of wearing diamonds on his im-
maculate shirt front and manicured fingers.
He was in striking contrast with Mamma
Peterkins, who was ever in good taste, and
abhorred jewelry and perfumes; yet mam-
ma enjoyed good clothes, too, of the mod-
ish and not conspicuous kind. She was
pretty as a picture, was Mamma Peterkins,
and her husband was proud of her. It be-
ing Christmas Eve, the dinner was more
elaborate than usual. Norah was a Hiber-
nian jewel of the kitchen, and well knew
how to cook; for was not Mamma Peter-
kins famed as a teacher of the culinary art,
having learned the same from her Kentucky
mother— and who knows better how to
tickle the palate than an old K^tucky
housewife? The table was a dream of
beauty in its table linen, china and bright
silverware. Papa Peterkins sat at one end
of the table, manrnia at the other, and the

juvenile house of Peterkins on either hand.
The merry rattle of knife and fork attested
the consumption of several courses of the
delicacies of the season. "Hal ha!" ob-
served Papa Peterkins, wiping his lips with
a snowy napkin. "We had a jolly time at
the office this afternoon. I gave all the
clerks the usual ten-dollar gold piece, and
the office boys a new fiver. I gave the
typewriters — you know what nice girls they
are," Mr. Peterkins looked up curiously —
"each seven dollars. Ha, ha!"

"Why seven dollars?" queried Mrs. Pe-
terkins.

"Well, you see, they could buy each a
dress pattern and a pair of kids. Type-
writers are never happy unless they have
kid gloves to match their dresses." Mrs.
Peterkins smiled. "Then," continued Papa
Peterkins, "there were the draymen and
porters, the shipping clerks and entry clerks,
the scrub woman and night watchman — ^all
a fiver apiece. Ha, ha! You should see
how pleased they all were."

"I wish St. Nicholas would come every
Fourth of July, too," said Peter Peterkins,
with an infantile effort at sarcasm. He
kicked at Gabrielle's feet under the table as
he spoke ; but his legs were not long enough
to reach the small sister, who never noted
the observation and went on nibbling her
mince pie.

"My son," observed Papa Peterkins, *'it
is well Christmas comes but once a year,
otherwise your father would be broken in
the holiday give-away game."

The dinner in due course of time being
ended, Mamma Peterkins said, "Now, dar-
lings, you must go to bed very early to-
night, for you know St Nicholas has so
many little children's stockings to fill, and
he always wishes to find those to whom he
intends to give presents fast asleep. Good
children always sleep sotmdly on the night
before Christmas."

Papa Peterkins rose from the table.
"Now, children, do as mamma bids you.
Run upstairs and go to bed at once. Peter,
I saw you eat two big slices of that rich
fruit cake, and you slipped another large
piece into your pocket. Ha, ha, ha! You
little rascal, give up that cake." He emptied
Peter's pocket as he spoke.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 1039

"I always feel hungry Christmas Eve," room. Finally their conversation was still-
said Peter, in a abashed and grieved tone, cd, and a few moments later Peter heard

"Yes, and you are never any other way the old familiar snore of papa's after he
any eve, Peter. I was once a small boy had eaten very heavy dinners. The boy
just like you, Peter." He picked his son had learned by observation that when papa
up and kissed him. "Ha, ha I A good ap- ate much rich pastry and took several
petite is a true inheritance of the Peterkins glasses of Burgundy, papa usually snored
family. Here, Gabrielle! Come and kiss early and often. The clock on the mantel
papa good-night. Now both be good chil- was sounding "click tock, click tock, click
dren, and as soon as you are in bed, snore tock," in its monotonous, exact, soporific
loudly, and go sound asleep— just to give manner. The movement of the pendulum as
old St Nicholas a chance — ha, ha, ha! a it evens up on the racket, "click tock, click
chance at those stockings." Papa Peter- tock," is in itself enough to lull most
kins took a cigar from his pocket and light- healthy children to sleep. Peter Peterkins
ed it, while Mamma Peterkins led the chil- had closed his eyes, to be sure, but was
dren upstairs. keeping, so he thought, an intense vigil un-

IV. t>l such time as mamma and papa would be

The children were duly tucked in bed sound asleep. Once or twice (could it have
and warned to go to sleep, while Manwna been a dream, or a reality?) he fell into a
Peterkins went back downstairs to join semi-doze, only to awaken again with a
her husband, who wis smoking in the H- sudden start He heard the regular breath-
brary. No sooner was mamma gone than >ng of Gabrielle, and across the dimly-
Peter sat up in bed and whispered, "Gabey ! lighted room could see the tiny form of his
Oh, Gabey! Are you asleep?" Gabrielle, on sister snugly outlined under the eiderdown
the opposite side of the room, whispered quilt. He sat up in his bed once or twice,
back drowsily and rather impatiently, "Go and gazed at the chimney. There were no
to sleep, Peter; let me alone. I can not go manifest signs of the presence of St Nich-
to sleep when you talk." Peter gazed across olas. The stockings appeared unusually
the hearth to where the stockings were large, however. He heard his mamma sigh
hanging from the mantel, and remarked once or twice, and then heard the loud
scornfully, "Go to sleep, then. You are snore of papa in the next room. All was
only a stupid little girl, anyhow!" The quiet now, "not a creature was stirring, not
heavy breathing of Gabrielle evidenced the even a mouse." "Click tock, click tock !"
fact that she was already in the Land of went the clock on the mantel. There was a
Nod, all unheedful of Peter's personal re- little agitation in Peter's mind now, also his
mark. Peter, wearied at length, put his stomach ; for had he not partaken hugely of
head down on the pillow, firmly resolved to fruit cake at dinner ? Now, there is a
do the deed of daring he had contemplated strong current of connection between an
for several weeks past The occasion was overloaded stomach and the brain — some-
fitting, the hour had almost come when he times. It creates imagination in the latter,
would clearly determine whether St. Nich- V/htn the inevitable conflict between sugar,
olas was myth or reality. He must have raisins, currants, turkey, lobster salad, ice
been two-thirds asleep, at least, for he cream and gastric iuice arises, there is
imagined he heard some one gently enter usually something doing in the upper as
the room and go out again. He glanced up well as the lower stories of men's and
suddenly with half open eyes. Yes, it was boys' anatomies. Peter raised up again, or
mamma. He saw her white-robed form at least imagined he did. Sat up on the
softly fade in the doorway to the adjoining edge of the bed and silently and slowly
room, and heard the catch lock click gently put on his stockings, then all his other rai-
after her. She had closed the entrance be- ment Taking his arctics and shoes in his
tween the two rooms, and Peter heard his hand, he slipped his sealskin cap on his
mother's and father's voices in a low but head, then around his wicked little form
animated conversation in the front bed- he placed the very pride of his wardrobe,

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1040 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL.

his warm sealskin overcoat Noiselessly sounded on the roof. There, as plain as
he stepped to the door, quietly unbolted the day, was St Nicholas, just as described in
latch, and he was out in the hallway. Softly the wonderful "Night Before Christmas,"
he closed the door and breathed a long even to the little round stomach and the
sigh or two of relief I for, like all children pipe in his mouth. Peter smelled the aroma
on such occasions of adventure, Peter had of the tobacco smoke, and "maybe this is
held his breath until he was suffering for no lie?" Yes, and he was "dressed all in
oxygen. The hall was not dark. A bright fur, from his head to his foot (The poet
moonlight from without afforded sufficient said "foot" in place of "feet," so as to
illumination to see all things very plainly, make a rhyme with "soot.")
Across the hall the boy went, opened an- Peter was filled with wonder and awe
other door, and closed it behind him. The as he saw the saint of Christmas jump up
rest was easy. The room from the back to the very top of the Chimney like a jack
window opened on a lower roof, from in the box, and then, just as rapidly, dis-
which, by a short ladder, easy footing to appear down the flue. He must be down in
the upper roof was obtained. He was out the room with Gabrielle, filling the stock-
in the open air now. It was a glorious ing. Now was the chance of Peter's life,
night. Thej^ was a good-sized moon and The clock in the new church tower was
a myriad of bright, twinkling stars that sounding the hour of midnight. To think,
peeped out in the sky. It must have been with Peter, was to act There stood the
one of those nights when the stars sang to- sleigh full of toys, with the eight tiny
gether. reindeer, just waiting for a driver. It was

Peter crept behind the shadow of the the greatest chance that any boy ever had
tall upper chimney. "Now," he thought, to steal a ride. "He sprimg to the sleigh, to
"we will see whether there is any old St the team gave a whistle." Well, the way
Nicholas. Ha, ha ! Til give mamma and the team went was far faster than the down
papa the laugh in the morning." (He had from any thistle Peter had ever seen flash
heard Malloney use this expression to the in midair. Talk of flying machines or au-
chambermaid, in speaking of Norah, the tomobiles I The speed was something fright-
cook. Small boys with wealthy parents ful. Peter let go the reins and fell into
learn much from domestics. This by the the back part of the sleigh, on top of the
way of exaise for our hero.) drtlms, fifes, whistles, horns. "Boom, boom,

The night was cold, and even in his seal- boom I" went the hundreds of small drums,
skin Peter was growing a little chilly. "Psit, psit, psit!" went the dozens of fifes.
"Nothing doing," he muttered, and had "Roar, roar, roar!" went the deep-toned
half a mind to retrace his footsteps and go whistles. "Whoo, whoo, whoo!" resounded
to bed again. He almost wished he were the megaphonic clarion horns. "Toot, toot,
in Gabrielle's place, sound asleep; but no, toot! Tra-la, tra-lal Whee, whee, whee!"
what was Gabrielle? Only a small, silly What an awful pandemonium reigned in the
girl. And he? Why, he was a man. Peter moonlight night. Up, up, up! swifter and
gazed at the moon. Now, an English poet, higher. Peter strove in vain to rise from
known for his wicked verse, says, "There the surrounding mass of resounding toys;
is mischief in the moon," or words to that doll babies, talking and crying, flying out of
effect ; for no one has time to consult a the sleigh toward the glimpses of the moon ;
dictionary of quotations while indulging in Dresden china dolls, Paris wax dolls, Lon-
Christmas story telling. Be this as it may, don rag babies, even the dollies opened
Peter, while looking at the silvery 6rb of their eyes in amusement at the screaming,
night, rather bewildered by Luna's rays. Jumping Jacks hopped from their boxes,
saw, wonderful to state, a huge shadow sud- monkey Jacks climbed up their sticks in
denly sweep down like a hawk on its quarry, every possible direction, candy canes, bon-
and before he could say "Jack Robinson" bons, chocolate drops, snaps, snap dragons,
the musical twinklings of numerous sleigh peppermint candy, sugar kisses and marsh-
bells and the patter of reindeer hoofs re- mallows — a shower of confections like an

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 1041

April shower at all angles. Noah's ark, "Well, well!" retorted Mr. Peterkins;

full of camels, elephants, lions, tigers, goats, "I will leave you and go down stairs for

cows, horses, sheep, cats, dogs, with a host breakfast. Ho, ho ! Ha. ha I Ipecac and

of Noah's Shems, Hams and Japhets burst castor oil ; a nice Christmas gift !"

open and fell in the depths beneath. Sky Mrs. Peterkins took her teasing husband

rockets fizzled, Roman candles spluttered, and pushed him out of the door. Gabriellc

pin wheels revolved, big bomb crackers and gat on the floor, playing quietly with her

little Chinese crackers banged and cracked ^q\\^ ^^d other pretty presents, ever and

in an awful mixup of red light and golden gnon casting a curious glance at Peter.

stars. Onward, onward, and ever upward Mrs. Peterkins presently lifted Peter up and

toward the moon flew the skeptical Peter placed a shawl around his neck. "There,"

(now convinced) and the sleigh of St. she remarked to Gabriclle, "you remain

Nicholas. Green snakes, red tin alligators, here with Peter and shbw him all the fine

clockwork mice and rats ran around Peter's gjfts St. Nicholas has brought him." She

feet, while puffing little tin locomotives left the room as she finished. Gabriellc

strove to climb up the inside of Peter's looked at Peter inquiringly, and then ob-

pants, a great hard lump of gingerbread hit served, "Petey, did you see him?" Peter put

him in the stomach, while a huge bunch of his finger to his lips as a sign of silence,

whips and rattan cut a tatoo in Peter's back, then replied, "I had the time of my life.

Oh! it was frightful The pain in the back Saw the old man slide down the chimney,

and stomach was unendurable! "Help, help, g^t i^^^ his sleigh, and the reindeer ran off

help! Mamma! Save me! Save me!" yelled faster than Mayor Foster's seventy-mile-an-

P^*^*"* hour automobile."

^ . . , ^ Gabriellc rose and came close to the bed.

It was Christmas mommg, and Peter ^^ ^j^^^^.^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^.^^

suddenly awoke. The bright sun was shm- ^^^ «j ^^^^^^ ^^.^ ^.^ ^^^ ^^
mg m at the window. "Merry Christmas! j.^^^ .^ him?"
my little boy," said the soft voice of his ^

gentle little mother, who kissed him as only P<^tcr hung his head m a shamefaced way,
a young mother can kiss a little boy in the f"^ ^^f answered m a dignified mamicr.
morning. Kisses of the kind that men, old ^es, but secin s bclicvm you bet your
and gray, often dream of in years long ^weet life. (He had heard Malloney make
after, when the mother has passed far be- *^» observation to the dimng-room girl,
yond the eternal stars, like Dickens' beauti- ^^«^ *^/ ^^^^^ ^^"8^*^* ^^^ ^^"^^ ^''''''«
*ful story of the child and the star. *"^ gardener.)

"Merry Christmas, Peter!" said his Gabriellc sighed deeply, and again asked,
/ather, shaking him by the shoulder. "But seriously, "Did you really sec St. NichoUs,
the next time you scare us half to death Petey?"

with your nightmare from eating too much "Sure as any schoolteacher owns a rat-
plum cake and mince pic — why" — tan."

Mrs. Peterkins put her hand softly over "Then it must be true," said Gabriellc,
her husband's mouth and looked up im- uneasily.

ploringly, as she whispered in his car. "Do Needless to add that Peter's conversion to
not tell him. Don't let him know he was the St. Nicholas theory endured for several
so sick that we had to send for the doctor." years thereafter.

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1042 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The Old Forsaken School House.

They've left the school-housei Qiarlie, where years Our sweethearts, pretty girls were they — to us

ago we sat how very dear —

And shot our paper bullets at the master's time- Bow down your head with me, my boy, and abed

worn hat; for them a tear;

The hook is gone on which it hung, the master With them the earthly school is ont; each

sleepeth now lovely maid now stands

Where school-boy tricks can never cast a shadow Before the one Great Master, in the house not

o'er his brow« made with hands.

They've built a new, imposing one — the pride of You tell me you are far out west, a lawyer deep

all the town, ' in laws.

And laughing lads and lassies go its broad steps With Joe who sat behind us here and tickled us

up and down; with straws;
A tower crowns its summit, with a new, a * Look out for number one, boys; may wealth

monster bell, come at your touch.

That youthful ears, in distant homes, may hear But with your long, strong legal straws, don't

its music swelU tickle men too much.

Fm sitting in the old one, with its battered hinge- Here, to the right, sat Jimmy Jones — you most

less door; remember Jim— >

The windows are all broken, and the stones lie on He's teaching now, and punishing, as master pun-

the floor; ished him;

I, alone, of all the merry boys that romped and What an unlucky lad he was? His sky was

studied here, dark with woes;

Remain to see it battered up and left so lone Whoever did the dinning, it was Jim who got

and drear. the blows.

I'm sitting on the same old bench where we sat Those days are all gone by, my boys; life's hills

side by side we're going down.

And carved our names upon the bench when not With here and there a silver hair amid the school-
by master eyed; boy brown;

Since then a dozen boys have sou^t their great But memory can never die; so well talk o'er

skill to display, the joys

And like the foot-prints on the sand, our We shared together, in this house, when you

names have passed away. and I were boys.

Twas here we learned to conjugate "amo, amas. Though ruthless hands may tear it down — ^tfais

amat," lone house, old and drear —

While glances from the lassies made our hearts They'll not destroy the characters that started out

go pit-a-pat; from here;

Twas here we fell in love, you know, with girls Time's angry waves may sweep the shore and

who looked us through— wash out all beside —

Yours with her piercing eyes of black, and mine Bright as the stars that shine above, they diall

with eyes of blue. for aye abide.

I've seen the new house, Charlie, 'tis the pride of

all the towQ,
And laughing lads and lassies go its broad steps

up and down;

But you nor I, my dear old friend, can't love it

half so well
As this condemned, forsaken one, with cracked

and tongueless bell.

—John H. Yaies.

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THE>FIRE>SIDI>

This DnMutmant ii open to all woman friends of the BrotherluMd.

One Christmas.

It was Christmas Eve, eighteen hundred and
ninety-four. There had been a light flurry of
snow, just enough to smooth down the rough
ground. The air was clear and cold and the sky
was literally paved with stars. The moon was
not due until eleven o'clock. The wind blew
and made a weird murmuring through the leafless
bran<*faes of the trees. Along the stone walls
between many of the fields, tall, sombre cedar
trees swayed to and fro iv. the wind, shaking
from their branches the powder-like snow which
had fallen on them.

It was an ideal Christmas Eve, and here and
there could be seen bright lights flashing from the
windows of cheery farm houses. In one of these
farm houses, a woman sat in a rocking chair be-
fore the glowing fire and rocked her two-year-old
child to sleep. By her side and with her arm
resting on the rocker, stood a girl about ten years
old. At the mother's feet sat two big boys, or at
least the one was a boy. for one was sixteen and
the other nearly twenty.

You say they were too big to be called boys?
John, the elder of the two, would tell you that
he would always be mother's boy. The two boys
were roasting chestnuts and eating popcorn
just like small children. In fact, they seemed
to enjoy it more than their younger sister. As
they sat together enjoying themselves, John picked
out a handful of butternuts and reached them out
to his mother. She shook her head wearily and
never so much as removed her gaze from the
glowing log before her.

If some one had struck the young man a blow,
it would not have come more unexpectedly than
his mother's act. He knew his mother liked but-
ternuts and he had picked them out so carefully
and now she refused them and without so much
as a glance of thanks for his pains. "Mother."
he said, a frown gathering in spite of his trem-
bling lip, ''can't you stop thinking awhile and
give your attention to your children? Help us
to be happy, won't you?"

"How can I be happy," she replied. "You
know what I am thinking about. Do you know
where your father is tonight? Is he warm and
comfortable? Is he happy?"

'That is nothing to me," replied the boy with
a toss of his head. "If he had acted the man
'mstead of the drunken brute, if he had done his

duty as husband and father, he might have been
here tonight instead of staggering around some
dingy saloon with the filth, and vice of the city.
He chose such companions in preference to wife
and children and let him go."

The girl standing by the rocking chair drew
nearer to her mother's tjide and Robert, the
younger, laid his hand on John's arm. This iT^a
a sore subject and the younger children were al-
ways afraid when John talked in the tone of voice
he was using now.

The mother, too, seemed aroused and sitting
up in her chair, she said, "John, I forbid you
ever to speak of your father in such a flianner
again. Do you understand?"

"Certainly," replied John. "I understand you
but I shall always speak the truth. You know
that father is leading the life of a gambler. What
reason have you to protect his wickedness?"

"My son, he is my husband and your father,
and you shall not speak ill of him," replied the
mother, her face flushed, her eyes flashing.

"Well, we will let that go," said John, "but
why don't you appreciate our efforts to make you
ha2»py? We work hard for you day after day,
and do everything to make you comfortable; all
the thanks we get is indifference."

"Will you talk to me of duty?" she asked.
"Will you dictate to your mother?"

"No, no," replied John, "but do try to think
of us a little, won't you?"

"Think of you and be happy when you have
driven from home my husband and your father?
Can you ask that?"

The mother spoke quickly and with much feel-
ing.

"What, mother, I drove father from home?"
cried John, springing to his feet

"Certainly," replied his mother. "What else
did you do? You talked and found fault until
be left. Ahj 8ir«" she said as she lifted her finger,
"you have a lesson to learn and the sooner the
better."

"Mother," cried the boy, burning tears running
down his cheeks, "I'll go now. I'll learn the les-
son tonight."

"Very well," she answered, apparently indiff-
erent to his emotion.

John put on his hat and coat and walked to tfee
door.
"Good-bye, mother," he said huskily.
"Good-bye," she answered, and he was gone.

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1044 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

"Mother," cried Robert, "what have you done?" and darkened. Suppose, oh, suppose, his father
"God knows. I don't," she answered. should recognize him!

"Shall I call him back?" persisted the boy. The speaker came near to John and gave him

"If you like," she answered wearily. Robert a pitying glance. Turning to the landlord he
went to the door and called several times. Re* said, "Another innocent falling into your clutches,
ceiving no answer, he went out and hurried along eh?"

the lane, calling as he went He reached the road "No sarcastic remarks/' replied the landlord,
and stopped to call loudly. He could neither "If you are too highly bred for this place, get
hear nor see anything of anyone and went back out"

into the house. Thus ended one unhappy Christ- "Oh,, very well, I will go, gladly," replied the
mas Eve and who shall say who was to blame? man.

• • • • • • For a moment John thought his heart had stop-

It was just a quarter of twelve. In the light V^' Cold perspiration broke out on him and a
of a dirty saloon, men played cards and drank nervous fear of someone or something seemed to
beer, laughed and shouted in their drunken revel- fi" J»>» «"*»! >>« trembled from head to foot
ry. Suddenly the door is opened and a young What was he to do? What should he do?
man steps in the saloon. It u John. It appears Suddenly a devil seemed to take hold of him.
he had walked to the station about two miles ^e sprang to his feet and rushed behind the bar.
from home, and there boarded a passing freight Grasping the Undlord by the throat, he hissed
train. By this means, he had reached a little between his teeth, "Give me my watch and my
town about twenty miles distant money."

Here he alighted fro^ the train and walked "^ ^^"^ nothing about them," replied the Und-

up the main street of the town. Coming in front '^rd utterly at loss what to say. One glance at

of a saloon, he stopped and listened. Should he ^ infuriated John told him there would be no

go in? Maybe his father was there. Besides, it Pooling. The grip on his throat told him he was

didn't make any diflference whether he went or no "*^cb ^^^ this giant and his eyes opened wide

not Nobody cared, so he went in. ^»'b irighu John tightened his grasp and hissed

A^i!^. .,.,,.. , i.**»j again, "My money 1 My watch!" The landlord

At first he was blinded by the smoke, but tried . ', ^ . j ^mi t. u- l-

^^-^.^. ^. JJ11J L-i pomted to a drawer and still holding his grip,

not to let tt be noticed and looked searchingly ^ , j.uj j*.t_i.-*uj

- ^ TT. ^ »i- ^ *L J John opened the drawer, and took his watch and

from man to man. His father was not there, and ^ a r.. i. i • !i- i ji j ^i u

. . ^ . • L .1. , ji J money. After shaking the landlord until he was

he was about to go out again when the landlord / , t «. • r^ .v i «? ..

. . ^ . ,7. .^. .,• X J ij nearly senseless, John left the saloon. For two

advanced toward him with smiling face and said, .', ../, ...... t

*«n A^ ij • u*. xir .* I J • 1 ♦^ hours he paced the gloomy streets trying to col-

"Pretty cold night Won't you have a dnnk to , _ . . *: , ^ lm Vl • . tx . i

>TT.ft. I- uu-j*i.v J«ct his thoughts while Christmas Day slowly

warm up? Here," he said, going behind the bar, , . ..... ,. a^ ^. ,^ *

<«. t i-i—i ._ J • t 'Tt. ft dawned on the slumbering world. At breakfast

"take a Christmas dnnk with me." . . ^ , . * u * ..l

time, he entered a restaurant but with a gesture
John was about to aay "No,"—and there came ^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ £^o„ ^^e toble and left the
the thought, "What harm can one drink do?" so i^^ untasted. He sought a room for the day
he said, "Certainly," as he stepped to the bar. ^nd brushed his clothes and did everything he
Oh, the harm of that one drink. One drink after ^^^^ ^^ ^rase the memory of last night, but in
another was taken and before John knew it, he ^j^ ^ ^^^ burned on his brain never to be
didn't know anything. It must have been about ^^^^^ j^^^^ „i„^ ^.^.l^^ Christmas night he
three o'clock when he came to himself. He was reached home and at sight of the light in the
stretched out on the dirty floor and near him window, his heart throbbed with mingled pain and '
were two other men snoring loudly in their pleasure. With breathless haste, he made his
drunken sleep. ^ay t^ the house but at the door his courage

Like a flash the truth came to him. He had failed him. He retraced his steps to the window
been intoxicated. He passed his hand down his and cautiously peered in at those inside. They
vest His watch was gone! Feeling in his pock- were all seated around the fire-place and there,
ets, he found his money had also disappeared! too, sat his father talking earnestly. He caught
Completely overcome with shame and despair, he these words: "It's terrible. I went in this mom-
rolled over on the dirty floor and rested his ach- ing to- settle up a bill and there on the dirty floor
ing head in his arms. He thought he heard some was a young man stretched out asleep. He was
one laugh, but he didn't raise his head to see. well dressed and must have had money, but 1*11

The doer opened and a man entered. The bet when he came to his senses, he*did not have
landlord said, "Hello, pard, ain't seen yer in a cent"

over three months. What's up? Have a drink? John saw his mother's face grow white, her
You won't! Ha! Hal" lips trembled and in faltering tones he heard her

The man replied, "I am not going to drink any say, ' Joe, might i:. could it, have been our boy?"
mere. Here's a little bill I owe you and it's "Ah no," replied his father with a proud lift
the last I'm going home tomorrow." of his head, "John is too much of a man for

For just one breathless second John raised his that'*
head and looked at the speaker. Oh, God pity John could listen to no more. Pressing his hands
him! It was his father! His head dropped like to his burning and throbbing head he muttered,
lead and everything seemed suddenly confused "I'm too much of a man for that, am I? Would

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 1045

that I could die so mother need not know what And that waa all. Ah, no! Not quite. In a
I have donel" He felt so sorry and so ashamed. pocket next his breast

He was weak and his limbs trembled, threatening We found what must have been to him more dear
to give way under him. A gentle voice seemed to than all the rest

whisper, "Father, I have sinned and am"— and It was only a little picture of a fair-haired, laugh-
John was at the door. With one last effort he ing lad.

pushed it open. His mother turned with a cry of And on the back, in a childish hand, were written
joy and his father rose up quickly and advanced the words, 'To Dad."

a step or two toward him. John heeded neitker What was the dead man's story? Only the angels
but with a low cry as one who is injured, fell c»n ^^*

senseless at their feet. We know not whether he Uved hU hfe in a man-

A long sickness followed weeks of raging fever ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ,.^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^

and dehnum in which John rehearsed again and ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^_

again the events of that Christmas Eve. Over j^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ .^ ^ ^^^ ^^ ,jj^^ ^^
and over again he would moan. Mother, I have ^^^^ .^ ^ coward's grave,

learned the lesson!" One bright morning, the ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ blessings he may have breathed,
doctor informed them that the fever was gone ^^ ^^ ^^y^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^.j^

and that John was safe. The mother knelt and g^j ^^ ^^^^ jj,^^ ^^ ^3, ^ j^ij^^^ in the eyes
prayed, "God forgive us both. I needed a lesson ^j ^^ ^^^^ ^i^^ world.

as well as my son." But 'tis only the Father in Heaven who can judge

Just then the invalid stirred and murmured. aright, for He

"Mother, I have learned the lesson." The mother Looks into the heart of the man himself, and sees
glanced quickly at him and saw with joy that he what we cannot see.

was himself again. Stooping over him, she asked But whatever his virtues or vices, the man wih
gently, "What is it that you have learned, my a baby's love

goa}** ^ **^^ ^^ ^^ prayer of a little child goes far

Smiling feebly, he answered, "Let him that ^'^^ «»e Powers above,

thinketh he sUndeth. take heed lest he fall." Then ^^ "^"^t ''ila'b " "^^ '"^ ''"^"

the weary eyelids closed 'in a peaceful, restful ^^ «^ ,i„pie wo!^ "To Dad," a world of
sleep unknown to them for weeks. meaning Ues.

L. W., Bkakbman's Daugbtbe. i fcnow not the wanderer's story, nor how his Ufe

Protection No. 8. be passed,

■ But this I know: That his soul has found its
resting place at last.

A Page From The Book Of Life. miss lydia m. duhham,

— Lehigh Tannery, Pa.
We found a lifeless body, when the morning yet

was gray;
By the side of the track, face downward, in • Number 238.

huddled heap it lay.

None saw his soul in its passing, save the milliona Once more our Brotherhood JeuaxAL appears,

of twinkling stars: and finds us looking forward to the New Year of

Ah, well! It was «/nly a hobo who had fallen be- 1008, and I suppose we are all anticipating great

tween the cars^ realizations for this year. Undoubtedly you have

Only an illustration of life and its darker side; lost a good many members during the last year.
Only a finger pointing to Eternity's river wide; some have transferred to other lodges, others have
Only a silent reminder that our life is but a span — moved away, and then again fate has crept in
That, soon or late, death cometh to each and upon us and laid to rest many a dear brother.

every man. Now, let the members of Pioneer Lodge No. 288

A man who was new on the forces murmured be untiring in their efforts to have this a banner

pityingly, "Poor cuss!" year. Take a keen interest in your lodge and

But we uttered no word of sorrow, for 'twas noth- add new members, let the words of cheer and

ing new to us. good will be an inspiration to you. With the

We searched through the dead man's pockets, but close of the past year, you cannot help but feel

of written word or line, that your lodge has been a success and also that

Giving name or place of dwelling, we found no you are confronted by the new year, which means

slightest sign. a wider field of labor and so let each member

And these were his sole possessions — I siall name give his undivided support to your organization.

them all to you: I hardly think the interest that should have pre-

A loaded revolver, an empty flask, a pipe, and a vailed among the members in the past year has

match or two; been manifested, so in the future seek for better

A bit of tobacco, a pack of cards, soiled and with attendance and then you will find success the out-
edges frayed; come of your meetings. Consider the word Broth-
A key that was bent and twisted, and a knife with erhood as one that opens the heart and makes the

a broken blade. mind alert It opens the way to evolution and

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1046

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

neans timply an appeal to aelfishnets. It can
alao mean the development of the few, to the
demoralization of the many, but in the end there
can be no real brotherhood without love.

Brotherhood is, in iti best efforts, securing bet*
ter conditions for the individuals who toil and
suffer day after day, on a level so low, that few
ever bear their cry.

Organised labor is strong in the defense of
those who may need its help. If you are an offi*
eer in your lodge don't think you are a little bet-
ter than "So and So," just because you happened
to get it and he didn't. One of the most valu*
able qualities a lodge officer can have is the love,
respect and affection of the men who work under
him. You will find it a quality that can be relied
on, in all times of emergency and one that payf
double when it is relied upon.

Treat the men under you fairly and do not im-
pose upon them. It is better to have the good
will, friendship and confidence of your men than
anything else you could possess. We consider the
practice of "Brotherhood" an absolute necessity
for the equipment of all lodges.

I wish all readers of the B. of R. T. Joubnal
A Merry Christmas and a bright, prosperous New
Year. *

Mas. Jambs Kbndbick,
Merrick, Mass.

The Return.

It is twilight; the mingling shadows enhance
With soft gray the flames as they languidly dance.

As they flare red and fitfully smother;
While I loll with my arm round an old-fashioned

waist,
I reflect there b no one by fair fashion graced.

Who can quite take the place o€ old mother.
We know the full value of hours heart to heart,
As for long years and weary we've lived far apart

Buffalo, N. Y.

In looking over the Tbainmbn's Joubhal, we
seldom ever see a line from a member of the L. A.
to B. of R. T., so I will communicate with all friends
interested in the Ladies' Auxiliary. Like the Irish
woman, who said her son Dan was the finest man
in town, I think that No. 814 is one of the finest
k>dges in the Auxiliary.

During our threp years of life, the older mem-
bers have never lost interest in the lodge which
serves to draw younger members to the Order,
and in whom there is a sparkle of life, sincerity
and good fellowship. The wise woman will recog-
nize no one as an enemy, so if a sister hurts her
feelings by word or deed, never use the ex-
pression "I will get even with her," for there is
only one way you can deal with her. You may
pay her, as we say, "In her own coin," but if
you do this both of you will suffer by it. Yon
can show yourself the true sister by giving kind-
ness for ill treatment, and so "get even" with
her by showing yourself in a true, sisterly spirit.

Remember that you can never help another
without the very act helping you. Every brother
in the B. of R. T. can honestly and in good faith
commend the L. A. to B. of R. T. to his mother,
wife and sister because it is wholly deserving.
Since its organization at Fort Gratiot, Michigan,
January 8Sd, 1880, it has shown a safe and rapid
growth in members and financial conditions.
Yonri in sisterly love,

Mas. Annib Sbbllt,
Mistress Lodge No. 814.

I Dunno.

I never did do nothin* that wuzent on the square;
I never cheated orphans or widows, plain or fair;
I guess I'm pretty honest, as honest people go —
I guess so. I dunno.

I never tried to rob no one nigh anywhere my

size;
I wouldn't try to awindle a man before his eyes.
But if it wuz a woman and she had lots of

dough —

I dunno« I dunno.

I wouldn't steal a turkey, ner ham, ner settin'

hen;
I wouldn't take a doUar or two, or mebbe ten.
But if it wuz a million and I had half a show —
I dunno^ mebbe so.

— DagdoMt.

Statement Of Claims.

Port Huron, Mich., Nov. 1, 1907.

Previously paid $311,885.68

Paid since last report None.

Total $31,885.68

Deaths Since Last Report.

Lucretia Pavey, of Lodge No. 262, died Sept
28, 1007.

Catherine Conkltn, of Lodge No. 2, died Sept
80, 1007.

Clyde Sharp, of Lodge No. 230, died Oct. 2,
1007.

Mary Brittian, of Lodge No. 18, died Oct 2,
1007.

May E. Wright, of Lodge No. 255, died Oct.
8, 1007.

Edna E. Baker, of Lodge No. 86, died Oct 0,
1007.

Bertha Thetford, of Lodge No. 28, died Oct
18. 1007.

Annie Arnold, of Lodge No. 167, died Oct
10, 1001

Miranda P. Cully, of Lodge No. 300, died Oct
15, 1007.

Olga Gordon, of Lodge No. 283, died Oct 20,
1007.

Susan Prescott, of Lodge No. 183, died Oct
21, 1007.

Amy a. Dowmino.

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PIjEIASANTRIE^

Editing a newspaper is a nice thing. If
we publish jokes, people say we are rattle-
brained. If we don't, we are fossils. If we
publish original matter they say we don't
give them enough selections. If we give
them selections they say we are too lazy
to write.

If we don't go to church we are hea-
thens. If we do go we are hypocrites. If
we remain at the office we ought to be out
looking for news items. If we go out then
we are not attending to business. If we
wear old clothes they laugh at us. If we
wear good clothes they say we have a pull.

Now, what are we to do?

Just as likely as not some one will say
that we stole this from an exchange. So
we did.— McCune (Kansas) Herald,

The Peavine Palladium has been steal-
ing some more of our editorials and run-
ning them in its own dirty columns as if
they were original.

When we get so hard up that we can't
think of anything to write about and have
to fall back on some other man's brains
we'll be dumsquizzled if we ever steal from
the editor of the Peavine Palladium,

He ain't got an original idea to save his
life, and we'll bet him a gallon of good
sorghum molasses against his printing-
office, which consists of a cider press and
a box of shoe-pegs, that he don't know
what a palladium is.

If a palladium was to come into the
shanty he calls his office (?) and hit him
in the eye he wouldn't know what struck
him. Now steal some more editorials from
us, will you, you walleyed pike. — Hickory
Ridge Missourian,

A school teacher on the Lower East Side
in New, York, a few years ago, read the
story of Aladdin's Lamp to her charges.
The next day she requested them to write
the story for her. Chimmie Flynn, how-
ever, had been absent the previous day, and
had not heard the story. But with the
craftiness of the gamin, he did not intend
to display his ignorance, and accordingly
wrote the following: "Aladun wuz a guy
what hung out down in Baxter St. he sold
wuxtras and shooted craps, his old man
wuznt no good and his ma licked him orful.
so Aladun, he beat it. he could fite to, and
one day he got in a scrap wid a dago cause
the dago winned all his coin shootin craps,
he nocked the tar outen the dago but a
nother dago screwed in and handed him a
packidge on the left surch lite, bout a hour
frum then he had a peach of a mouse there
and when his old man sees him he says
whats the matter and Aladun says I fell
and hit the curb, you lie says the old man.
you been fitin and somebody put your lite
out. cummere till I make it to, and thats the
story of Aladun and his lamp."— r^^ Rail-
roader,

F. Hopkinson Smith, painter, author, en-
gineer and professional optimist, tells a story
showing that Boston boys of the street are
like all other boys. He overheard a conver-
sation between two youngsters selling news-
papers. "Say, Harry, w'at's de best way to
teach a girl how to swim?" asked the
younger one. "Dat's a cinch. First off you
puts your left arm around her waist and
you gently takes her left hand"— "Com off ;
she's me sister." **Aw, push her off de
dock,"

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1048 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

The superintendent of a Western railway Patrick, lately over, was working in the
while recently on a tour of inspection of yards of a railroad. One day he happened
his division made the trip in the cab of an to be in the yard office when the force
engine with the engineer, instead of in a was out. The telephone rang very vigor-
special car, as is usually done. ously several times, and he at last decided

The superintendent had observed that the it ought to be answered. He walked over

steam-gauge registered only fifty pounds of to the instrument, took down the receiver

steam. Continuing to watch the indicator, and put his mouth to the transmitter, just

the superintendent saw that at the top of as he had seen others do.

a hill the instrument indicated a decrease "Hillo!'' he called,

in the pressure to about thirty-five pounds. "Hello I" answered the voice at the other

It at once occurred to him that the engineer end of the line. *'It this eight-six-one-fivc-

was not as careful as he might be, and he nine?"

was fearful lest the engine should be stalled "Aw, g'wan I Phwat d'ye think oi am —

on the hill. So, suddenly turning to the en- a box car ?"

gineer, he said :

Why are you carrymg only thirty-five ^he presiding elder once happened into

pounds of steam ? The regulations call for ^y^^ g^^^^^ 3^^^^ ^^^^ .^ ^ ^^^^.^ ^^^^^^

at least one hundred. You wont be able to ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ Louis, and was invited by

get up the next hill the superintendent, a very pious man, to

The engineer smiled. "Oh,' said he, we ^^^^^j^^ ^j,^ scholars.

have more steam that that." ^^^^ asking several questions he turned

The^mdicator shows only thirty-five ^o one little fellow and asked, "Who was

P^""^*- . , .the father of Zebedee's children?" The boy

"^yelI sir, responded the engineer, as ^^,^ confused, made no reply, and the

he 'let her out' a notch on the down grade, question was repeated, but without result.

'that 8 the second time around. ^Ex, ..^ome," said the elder, -^ou can surely

answer that" Then, pointing to the super-
A servant at a well-known gentleman's intendent, "Who is that man?"

house much astonished the family minister, "Deacon Smith," replied the boy.

who had called to make inquiries on the "Well, who is the father of Deacon

occasion of the birth of a child. Smith's children?"

"Is it a boy?" "Deacon Smith."

"No, sir." , "Yes, and if Deacon Smith is the father

"Oh! a girl?" of Deacon Smith's children, who was the

"No, sir." father of Zebedee's children ?"

The inquirer gasped, and the servant con- The youngster could hardly wait till the

tinued with dignity: question was ended before he shouted tri-

"Madam has given birth to an heir."— umphantly.

Sketch. "Deacon Smhh:*^Judge.

Representative McNary, of Boston, and ^ ""VT^ ^f " .^"^. ^^.^ ^^*^ *^ ^,^

Representative Madden, of Illinois, were fverythmg and a aty jay is one whothmks

discussing the traits of character of the ^^ ^^ *^" htm.^Mankato (Kansas) Ad^

Irish. "I went to call on a constituent of ^^^^*^'
mine," said Mr. Madden, "to see a new

baby. I found the youngster all battered While it was raining Friday we saw a

up, black and blue in spots. "What's the number of persons going around in their

matter with him?" I asked. shirt-sleeves as though nothing was hap-

" 'Oh, nothing,' answered his mother, pening. It had not rained here for so long

'You see he was christened yesterday, and that they did not know whether they would

while his daddy was holding him the six get wet or not until they tried it — Ray

o'clock whistle blew.' **— Pittsburg Dispatch. County {Missouri) Review.

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TRAIN RULES

KESDKED SUfidECT®

Send all inqulriei to H. A. Dtlbj, Naugatock, Coon.

Orders For The Superior Train.

Rin^ 212. — A train order may, when so
directed by the train dispatcher, be ac-
knowledged without repeating, by the ope-
rator responding: "X; (Namber of Train OHeP

to (Train Kombr) ," with the Operator's
initials and office signal The operator
must then write on the order his initials
and the time.

Rule 213.— "Complete" must not be given
to a train order for delivery to an inferior
train until the order has been repeated or
the "X" response sent by the operator who
receives the order for the superior train.

Rule 214. — When a train order has been
repeated or "X" response sent, and before
"complete" has been given, the order must
be treated as a holding order for the train
addressed, but must not be otherwise acted
on until "complete" has been given.

If the line fail before an office has re-
peated an order or has sent the "X" re-
sponse, the order at that office is of no ef-
fect and must be there treated as if it had
not been sent.

Rule 219 (old).— Unless otherwise di-
rected, an operator must not repeat or give
the "X" response to a train order for a
train, the engine of which has passed his
train-order signal, until he has ascertained
that the conductor and engineman have
been notified that he has orders for them.

Rule 219 (new). — Unless otherwise di-
rected, an operator must not repeat or give
the "X" response to a train order for a
train which has been cleared or of which
the engine has passed his train-order signal
until he has obtained the signatures of the
conductor and engineman to the order.

The above rules are grouped together in
this lesson for the reason that they all have

a bearing on the same general subject, that
of holding a train for which orders have
been sent, with especial reference to ob-
taining a hold on the superior train before
allowing the inferior train to use the order.
The latter requirement is, of course, the
first and most important principle in the
movement of trains on single track. The
first three rules of this group are the same
in both the old and new forms of the Code,
but there is a change in the last one, as in-
dicated.

As has been explained in Rule 208, an or-
der is sent to all trains affected at the same
time, two or more offices usually copying as
the dispatcher sends it Ordinarily the ope-
rator who is to hold the train whose rights
are to be restricted repeats the order first,
or if more than one office is to hold a su-
perior train they each repeat the order be-
fore those who are holding inferior trains.
It is frequently necessary for the dispatcher
to get the order ready for the inferior train
or trains as soon as possible and to wait
for the operator who is holding the supe-
rior train to repeat it would cause a con-
siderable delay, so the "X" response is used
as prescribed by Rule 212. The repetition
of an order constitutes a pledge fr«m the
operator to hold the train to whom the or-
der is addressed, but when the repetition is
omitted the "X" response accomplishes the
"hold" and the dispatcher may then com-
plete the order to the inferior train, taking
the repetition at his leisure.

On the printed blanks for train orders
will be found a space for the time that the
"X" response was given and for the name
or initials of the operator giving it. As the
"X" is not used in every case these spaces
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1060 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

need not be filled if it is not used. All It is well to note here the difference be-
other spaces on the blank should be filled tween the old and new forms of Rule 219.
out and conductors and enginemen should The old rule merely requires the operator
see that this is properly done on the copies to "ascertain" if the conductor and engine-
they receive. man have been notified that they are to be
Since the operator pledges himself by the ^^Id, while the new one specifies that they
"X" or the repetition of an order to hold arc to sign the order. The old rule might
the train for which it is intended it natur- ^ fulfilled by a verbal notice from the ope-
ally follows that he must know that he can ^tor or by sending word to them by some
hold it before giving this pledge. If the other person, but if a misunderstanding
train has not arrived he is safe in doing so, should occur it might be very hard to lo-
but if it is already at his station he must, ca^e the blame. To any who may be work-
if necessary, take such extra precaution as ^^S under this old rule at the present time
to make sure that it will not get away from we would say that it is advisable to folk>w
him. If the train order signal stood in the out the instructions of the new rule, as that
stop position when the train came in sight is the only really safe means of accomplish-
and the engine has not passed it, he may ""8? the desired result. Verbal instructions
safely assume that the train is held, but if pr agreements are not usually worth much
the circumstances are any different from i^ a misunderstanding occurs,
this he must make sure of his hold on the Rule 214 makes provision for possible
train before "Xing" or repeating the order, wire failure during the handling of a train
If the engine has not passed the signal, yet order. It provides that if the order has
the signal has at some time in the view of been repeated or the **X" response given it
the engineman shown "proceed," it would shall be considered as a regular order and
hardly be safe to assume that it would not mtist be delivered in the usual way, even
go. If the signal had been at "stop" all the though it may be necessary to hold the train
time but the engine had passed it, it would to obtain "complete" from the dispatcher,
be well even then to take further precaution. If the operator has not given the "X" re-
If the rules provide for the delivery of a sponse and has not repeated the order in
clearance card and the engineman has been full he may destroy it rather than cause de*
given one, the operator should take back lay to the train. If he only partially re*
his clearance card before pledging himself peats it the effect is the same as though he
to hold the train. If clearance cards are had not begun. He may treat it as though
not used the provisions of Rule 219 should it had never been sent.
be called into use and the signature of con- This matter of holding a train to get
ductor and engineman obtained on the or- "complete" in case of wire failure has
der before "Xing'* or repeating it. If this caused considerable discussion at times, but
becomes necessary it should be understood ^c see no escape from the plain wording
that it is of the utmost inipo-tance to obtain of the rule. It has happened, for instance,
the signature of the engineman. The sig- that a superior train has been held and a
nature of the conductor might do. providing ^^^j^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^j^j, ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^
there were no misunderstandings between the station where the order was issued. The
him and the engineman, but engines have opposing train has arrived, but as the wire
been known to leave a station without the is open the order cannot l>e completed, al-
conductor, either by mistake or possibly to though it has been fulfilled. Or, if an order
go to some distant point within the station, were issued to an inferior train giving it
which movement might be contrary to the help to the next station against a superior
requirements of the order about to be is- train, possibly it could make the station
sued. There may be times when the signa- without any help and the fule would prevent
ture of only the engineman will suffice to its moving at all A train may be given an
hold the train, but, generally speaking, it is order to wait until a certain time for an-
best to comply fully with the rule, as it is other train and the time may expire while
indeed, in the case of every rule. the wire is still in trouble. The question

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has been asked, and very naturally, if the dispatcher, the operator being solely re-
operator cannot either destroy the order or sponsible for seeing that the order is prop-
complete it and allow the train to proceed, erly signed and delivered. Aside from
This course would seem natural, but the -overcoming the difficulties incident to wire
makers of the Standard Code have never failure this method has other commendable
sanctioned it and we have never heard of features. It is used, however, on but few
any road changing its rules to conform to roads.

the suggestion. There is but one course to QUESTIONS

pursue and that is to hold the train until

complete can be obtained from the dis- 207.— "We have an argument concerning
patcher. ^^ ^^ 31 orders. Some claim that a 19

There are but two conditions that would order is of no use to meet an opposing
justify destroying an order that has been ^^ain on single track and that nothing but
"Xed" or repeated; one is in case the other a 31 order should be used, but it could be
train becomes twelve hours late and the "sed in getting time ahead of a train,
other if an order were obtained authorizing Would you kindly advise and give us full
the annuhnent of its schedule. . Such an or- particulars about both a 19 and a 31 order,
der could of course only be obtained from where and how they should be used?"— T.
some other train which might happen to J- E.

have it. Aside from these developments Answer.— The Standard Code does not
Rule 214 must be adhered to. specify how each form of order should be

There is a practice which is employed to used and it never has. It has been the gen«
a limited extent which sometimes relieves eral custom, however, to use the 31 form
such a situation and we believe it was au- for the superior train and the 19 form for
thorized by rule on one road, though per- the inferior train. On some roads this was
haps only one, and that is for the dispatcher inserted in the rules and on others it was
to tell the operator that if the wire should simply understood. After a time this prac-
fail he may make the order complete on ob- tice was modified on a few roads, permitting
taining the signatures. This has been done the 19 to be used for the superior train in
in many cases and saved delay, but it in- making a meeting point providing the order
volves a violation of the rules inasmuch as were also sent to the operator at the meet-
the dispatcher does not complete the order ing point and providing the superior train
but only tells the operator he may do it at received it at some station before reaching
some future time and under certain condi- there. There are now a few roads where
tions. Some officers claim this is an im- the 19 is used on single track for all trains,
proper procedure, but that the dispatcher both superior and inferior, the rules requir-
may send "complete" in the regular way if ing that a clearance card be given to each
he anticipates that there may be trouble on train, showing the number of each order
the wire, instructing the operator to have delivered to it so the conductor and engine-
the order properly signed, but this is also man can check it over and see that they
a violation of the rules, as Rule 210 requires have all the orders intended for them. This
the order to be signed before it can be com- last requirement is intended to provide a
pleted. In the absence of definite instruc- safeguard against possible failure to prop-
tions by rule we see no legitimate means of erly deliver an order. The middle order
overcoming possible delays arising from the (placed with the operator at the meeting
operation of Rule 214. point) is also being used more extensively

There is a way of handling train orders t^an heretofore, in some cases to assist in
that will avoid contingencies such as we the use of the 19 and in others as a general
mention, but it is radically different from safeguard.

the Standard Code. With it the dispatcher With a good system of signals and the
makes every order complete as soon as it proper use of the clearance card and middle
is properly repeated. Where this method is order it is believed the 19 could be safely
used the conductor's name is not sent to the used for all trains on singletrack, thereby

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1062 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

avoiding many delays caused by the present meet No. 43 and 10th section No. 58 and

method of handling the 31 form. No. 55 at Lockville.' After getting to Lock-

This subject is mentioned in the leading ville No. 43 and 10th 53 went and had no
article in this department in the November signals and 1st and 2d No. 55 came by car-
number, rying green. We then got an order giving

208.— "No. 18 is a first class train and No. 52 right over 3d and 4th sections of

No. 37 a second class. Dispatcher gives 2d No. 55 to Hookers. Could No. 52 leave

37 right over No. 18 C to A, but 1st 37 has Lockville on that order or would we have

no help on No. 18. B is a non-telegraph to have an annulment of the first meet or-

station and 2d 37 overtakes the 1st section, der?"— H. H.

which has stopped there because they could Answer. — A meeting order means but

not make A. Has 18 a right to leave A or one thing and that is to meet. The order is

must they wait for 2d 37, knowing that the good tmtil it is fulfilled, superseded or an-
1st section cannot make A? One of our nulled. No. 52 could not leave Lockville

train masters says 18 can leave A and the until the first order had been disposed of

other says not We have not got a ruling in one of these three ways and the second

from the higher officials yet. order did not have any such effect The

"In this case No. 18 did leave A and first order should have been annulled,
passed B, while the crews of 1st and 2d 37 210. — "A freight train on this road with

were debating as to what they had a right 25 cars and caboose pulled into a siding,

to do. Some think 2d 37 could take 1st which only held 23 cars, to allow a passen-

section along ahead of them because the ger train to pass it The twenty-fourth

2d had absolute right over No. 18 and oth- car picked the switch as they were going in

ers think No. 18 can run regardless of the and was derailed but not so badly but that

2d section until it meets the 1st. Which is they could get in to clear and close the

right?"— E. D. H. switch so the main line was O. K. It was

Answer.— It is our belief that No. 18 a blind siding and the next siding ahead

cannot leave A until 2d 37 arrives and we was also a blind siding. They took their

base our conclusion on the simple fact that engine with the 23 cars and ran to the next

the order is given under Form C and that siding, left the cars there and returned with

form cannot be construed to mean anything the engine, holding the passenger train

else. Where the revised Standard Code is while they did this. They claimed they had

in use this understanding is further war- a right to do this according to Rule 101.

ranted by the second paragraph of Rule 94, Some of us think they had no right to do

which would permit 2d 37 to take the 1st this, but should have pulled enough cars off

section ahead of it to A, as suggested in the siding to allow the passenger train to

the question. ^ack in and then they could have backed

This question was discussed at length in down the main line and the passenger train
the Journal about a year ago and there could have gone ahead. Does Rule 101 ap-
were a few at that time who worked under ply m a case of this kind?"— M. J. M.
the old Code who were of the opinion that Answer.— It would seem that the speed-
No. 18 could proceed from A without wait- iest way out of the difficulty would have
ing for 2d 37, but their reasons were not been for the engine to take the 23 cars to
convincing to the great majority. If the the next siding and remain there for the
new Code is in use there is no room for a passenger train, instructing the flagman to
questk)n, but if the old, we should advise notify the latter that they were running
asking for a ruling from the proper author- ahead of them and to allow no train except
ity. Such a case may come up at any time the expected passenger train to proceed un-
and all concerned should know definitely til the engine returned. This is a case in
how the trains are expected to be governed, which the conductor and engineman are ex-

209.— "I was leaving Mound St. on No. pected to use their best judgment and take

52 and had an order which read as follows : such action as will result in the least delay

'Engine 580 will run as No. 52 and will to important trains.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 1063

So far as Rule 101 is concerned it does, tagc of. The two great principles of train

in our opinion, authorize the front portion movements are safety and speed and we be-

of a train to return regardless of all other Heve they could have been best carried out

trains, but in a case of this kind, where |„ ^^^ ^^^ -^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^
there are facilities for getting out of the

way and avoiding delay to a passenger A situation similar to this was described

train, we do not believe the permission and discussed in Question 201 in the Octo-

given by the rule should be taken advan- ber Journal.

The Freight Car Situation.

HON. E. E. CLARK,

Interstate Commerce Commission, October 25, 1907.

In the year ended June 30, 1896, the rail- tween points in the state, was 800 per cent'

roads of the United States, with 20,300 greater than in 1900.

freight locomotives and 1,200,000 freight During the same season an up-to-date

cars, moved 95 billions of tons of freight double-track railroad in the East became so

one mile. In the year ended June 30, 1900, congested with traffic • that was poured in

with 24,600 locomotives and 1,365,000 cars, upon it from the West that its principal

they moved 141 6-10 billions of tons. In the connection held back loaded cars tmtil many

year ended June 30, 1906, with 30,000 locomo- miles of one main track were occupied with

tives and 1,800,000 cars, they moved 216 cars so held, until tracks and terminals of

billions. That is, in 1896 each locomotive the delivering road could be relieved. And

moved 4^ million ton-miles, and each car not long thereafter one of the states served

moved a little less than 50,000 ton-miles. In by that road passed a law giving consignees.

1906 each locomotive moved a little less 96 hours' free time wilhin which to tmload
than 8 million and each car 120,000. Thus, a car, thus doubling the delay that may be
the actual efficiency of each locomotive and indulged in before demurrage may be as-
each car was increased about 50 per cent, sessed.

It may be said that the numbers of loco* A large syndicate, owning mines, smelters
motives and of cars did not increase as and a railroad, anticipating a proposed in-
much as they should, but in that period a crease in the transportation charsres on
very large proportion of the locomotives coke, bought up large quantities of it, had
and cars were replaced with new ones of it loaded into cars and started on its way
greater capacity, the construction of which nearly across the continent The price of
kept builders busy. copper took a bad slump, and hence the
The history of the winter of 1906 and coke was not immediately needed. And

1907 in the Northwest is one of unheard of sosome8,000carsof this commodity are now,
difficulty for shippers. Severe weather con- and for some two or three months have
ditions added greatly to the hardships of been held back by some influence other than
both shippers and would-be shippers who air-brakes, accumulating demurrage against
could not get cars and also to the difficulties the consignees not at destination, but at
under which the carriers labored. And yet various points on the lines of various in-
it was testified by a well informed witness, termediate carriers, not only unavailable for
who was a complainant against the carriers use of other shippers who are clamoring for
before the Interstate Commerce Commission, cars, but actually obstructing the free move-
that the amount of lumber actually moved ment of other traffic. These are the things
by the railroads out from the State of that account for the low average mileage
Washington, exclusive of movements be- which carriers get from cars and which

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1064 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

affect seriously the efficiency of the cars, inals, tracks and extra employes. This would
Why should the carriers be expected to pro- mean thousands of locomotives and hundreds
vide storage in such manner? And why of thousands of cars standing idle upon stor-
should they permit one shipper to thus, age tracks (which would have to be pro-
through them, impose such injustice upon vided) during )ai substantial portion of the
other patrons, to say nothing of the impo- yean It seems clear that such an increase
sition upon the carriers, whose earnings in facilities could be had only by the ex-
upon the traffic will seemingly be eaten up penditure of many millions of dollars,
in per diem rental on the cars? would be inexcusable economic waste and
I will not stop to suggest the multitude could be provided and maintained only by
of smaller ways in which the same prin- largely increased transportation charges. It
ciples of selfishness and favoritism contrib- may be that they could be provided by in-
ute to the sum total of lack of efficiency of terring all of the carriers in the graveyard

THE NARROWS IN THE DELLS OF WISCONSIN.

cars and other facilities of transportation, of bankruptcy, but even that would not

The whole situation has been summed up maintain them,
in the accurate phrase, "car shortage." In The communities served by a railroad
such blockades as have been referred to on prosper and fail to prosper just as the rail
an eastern road, how would a larger num- is or is not prosperous. Prosperity show-
ber of cars relieve the situation. As has ered upon the community by nature and
been seen, there is a substantial portion of Providence brings corresponding prosperity
the year during which these troubles are to the railroad if it chooses to place and
not present Manifestly, if the carriers keep itself in a position to reap that ad-
were to provide themselves with enough vantage. But if a railroad upon which the
cars so that everyone could have all he community is" dependent for transportation
wanted in the busy season, they must also fails to furnish reasonably adequate service,
provide corresponding motive power, term- the blessings of nature and Providence are

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

1055

to a corresponding degree nullified and
wasted, k can bring no good to the com-
munity to unnecessarily or unwarrantedly
impoverish the railroad. It can bring no
good to our country to unnecessarily or im-
wisely or unwarrantedly cripple these ar-
teries of our national life upon which so
much depends.

It is because of this reflection in all of
our affairs of the effects of the conduct of
our common carriers that it is not possible
to apply, in dealing with or in regulating
them, just the same business principles that
apply in transactions between private par-
ties. To hold that in collection of transpor-
tation charges the carrier should be held to
the rate erroneously quoted by its agent
would be to give widest license to the very
discriminations which the law condemns,
and would place in the hands of the carriers
absolute power to make and break individ-
uals and firms and to create and destroy
communities and commercial centers al-
most at will, deterred only by consid-
eration of their own financial welfare
and the possibilities of construction of new
and rival railroads. And like results would
follow the applicatk>n of the theory that the
man who owns a business may do with it as
he wills.

Regulation of railroads by state and na-
tional governments, each within its proper
sphere and lawful limits, is essential. Such
regulation must be firm, sane, reasonable
and just. Those who administer it must be
actuated solely by a desire and a determina-
tion to do the right thing by both sides, and
must not be influenced by the clamor of the
extremists on either side. In that way only
can lasting good be done and substantial
progress be made.

The American people will not object to
paying whatever transportation charges may
be necessary to permit the railroads to keep
the properties up to date and to earn fair
and substantial profit and return upon capi-
tal invested therein when they, the people,
can feel assured that the capital is in the
property and that stocks and bonds are not
being added to in multiples of tnillions with
no corresponding investment for the welfare
or earning power of the property. The peo-
ple will never fail to disapprove such tricks

of high finance as have recently been ex-
posed. The people desire and would be
willing to pay for high grade and efficient
service. The people must have that kind
of service, and, having it, must expect to
pay for it that which it is really and fairly
worth.

If the railroads cannot secure the co-ope-
ration of shippers in the effort to get the
highest efficiency from cars in congested
seasons, and if the railroads are not strong
enough to adopt and enforce adequate rules
to that end, it would seem that the only
thing left would be for the Federal Govern-
ment to take the matter in hand as a regula-
tion of commerce and apply such rules and
practices regarding use and interchange of
cars as will provide the best and most equit-
able service and results. In that, as in any
other feature of regulation of the carriers,
care must be taken to do simple and even-
handed justice, regardless of what would be
popular at a certain time. The carrier that
has neglected to provide itself with its
proper quota of cars may not expect that its
needs will be supplied from the equipment
of its more provident neighbor. The ship-
per who has neglected to provide himself
with facilities for doing his business as
economically and efficiently as his more en-
terprising competitor may not expect special
consideration of his needs at the expense of
others or of the carriers.

The privately owned or exclusively leased
car should be eliminated from use in mov-
ing ordinary traffic. Satisfaction among
shippers may not be expected so long as
certain of their number are given exclusive
use of facilities which the carrier should
furnish to all alike and which, in fact, per-
haps, are the property of the carrier. There
is and probably always will be room and
reason for using special and privately owned
cars for certain classes of traffic which re-
quire refrigeration, tank cars, poultry cars,
etc But even then their use must be open
to all and for all alike.

The railroads have upon them, and must
struggle from under a heritage of woe re-
sulting from the mistaken policies, evil prac-
tices and unreasoning competition in the
past. The shippers are not blameless, and
now there is nowhere to turn for^elief and

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correction except to Government regulatioa cases before the commission have a some-
♦ ♦ ♦ Only a year has passed since the what prolonged existence, but it is also true
law became effective which contemplated that it is the exception and not the rule to
and which brought about more radical and find parties to a case ready to proceed with
sweeping changes in practices in the con- it when the commission is ready to hear it
duct of transportation and in the relations The commission pushes the cases before it
between shippers and carriers than any law much more than the cases push the corn-
has ever effected before. It is not surpris- mission.

ing that the magnitude of the work so un-

If the spirit announced by a prominent

dertakcn is who% unappreciated by the ^^;,^^^^ ^^^.^^^^, .^ ^ ^^ ^^^^^^^

average citizen. And so now we are met .. -ij njvi.-

,. ^ . . J . . .t. ^o hy railroads generally, and by shippers,

with many proposals for amendment to the , ^, ... . ^ , .

, XT J L. J . t J 1. "Pon whom the obligations to observe the

law. No doubt some amendments would be , ^ • ^ i i ..

, /..,.... 11 t. J u. J r -i. • *^w rests just as clearly as upon the car-

beneficial, but it may well be doubted if it is . , ^, . . " ,

.1 , i. J . ners, and the commission exercises m a

wise to now open the law for amendment
and so jeopardize all the constructive work
that has been done under it, especially in
view of the readiness with which the com-
mission's interpretations and rulings are be-

broad, fair and practical way its administra^
tive functions and powers, the occasion for
judicial work will be reduced to a minimum
and will be limited largely to two classes of
cases — ^those in which honest error or over-

, ,- . . - ^ sight has worked injustice, and those in-

In some way the impression has gone out

that the commission is hopelessly buried in

volving the rivalries of commercial centers.
A commission so exercising its administra-
tive functions will acquire that special and

an avalanche of complaints, and some sug-
gestion has been made that its work should ^ . , , . « .
be divided. It is true that the commission ^^P^^ knowledge which is essential to a
has many and varied and important duties P^'^P^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^he judicial functions m
to perform, and that it has much work to dctermming the reasonableness of a rate or
do. But the commission is by no means of a practice.

appalled nor discouraged. Constant prog- •Robert Mather. President of the Rock UUnd

ress is being made. It is true that certain Company, in an address at Chicago, lU.

Things To Forget.

His wife may be beantiful. If you know of a skeleton hidden away

Tender and dutiful. In a closet, and guarded, and kept from the

Tis not that her absence would day

Cause him delight. In the dark: and whose showing, whose

But the dam'd opportunity, sudden display

Baneful immunity. Would cause grief and sorrow and lifelong

Scatters his scruples as day scatters night dismay,

It's a pretty good plan to forget it
If you see a tall fellow ahead of a crowd,

A leader of men, marching fearless and If you know of a thing that will darken the

proud, joy

And you know of a tale, whose mere tell- Of a man or a woman, a girl or a boy,

ing aloud That will wipe out a smile, or the least way
Would cause his proud head to in anguish annoy .

be bowed, A fellow, or cause any gladness to cloy.

It's a pretty good plan to forget it If s a pretty good plan to forget it

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There is no free llet.

Send »11 remittanoes for rabecriptiona to the Onmd Seoretary and Treaaorer . See Section 80 Oonstltation, Ormnd
Lodge.

Letters for this department most be written on one side of paper only, written with ink and mnst be at theoiBoe
not later than the 12th of the month to insure insertion in th9 next nnmber.

All ohanges of address, eommnnioations pertaining to the Joornal, etc., should be sent to the Editor. Do notsmid
resolutions.

When the Journal does not reach 70U, immedlaUly tXf us jour name, oorreet address and the nnmber of tout
Lodge.

Shall We License Officials And
Employes Of Railroads.

Some years ago this question was taken up and
discussed but no action was taken. It cannot be
denied that it is an Important one with relation to
the safe operation of our railway trains, protection
to the traveling public and employes.

It is not necessary to say that railroading has
revolutionized itself within the last ten years. No
one knows this better than the railroad man him-
self, and, yet, with one exception, up until the last
session of Congress has there been any measure
passed for the protection of the traveling public
and employes, and that — ^The Safety Appliance
law — which was fought to the last ditch.

True, we now have the Sixteen Hour Law, and
the Employers' Liability Law, which will and are
being fought in the same manner. I believe there
should be a law enacted that would require the
national government to issue licenses to all rail-
way officials and employes. I believe if such a
law were enacted and enforced, as has the Safety
Appliance Law, we would be going a long way
towards overcoming the now dangerous condition
associated with railroad operation.

I believe this law should include all train ser-
vice employes and officials, and I mean by that,
an employe who in any manner, comes in contact
with the operation of trains, and which should in-
clude Superintendents, Train Masters, Despatch-
crs. Conductors, Engineers, Firemen, Brakeiiven,
Operators, Yard Masters, Switchmen, Crossing
and Block Signal Employes, and that they be re-
quired to pass an examination; a license to be
issued as to their efficiency, etc, by our national
government. In other words, similar to the way
our marine service is handled at the present time.

The Department of Commerce and Labor issues
the licenses to our marine officers, as well as
regulates our steamboat inspection service, which
is handled by general inspectors, supervising in-
spectors and local inspectors. These licenses are
issued to marine engineers, masters, pilots, mates
and other employes in our marine service. This

S-1 •

law is many years old, and is far reaching. Some
few citations in this law will suffice to show how
far and thoroughly our government has gone into
this matter. See page 80, Law Licensing Mates
and Pilots, 4405 Revised SUtutes U. S. Also
4481, U. S. Department Commerce and Labor,
which prescribes the manner in which these li-
censes shall be issued, length of time in service
to obtain a license, etc This law also requires
the annual inspection of steamboats, as well as
designates the requirements for the equipment of
the same, such as the stamping of the steel used
in boilers, size of stay bolts and rivets, steam
pressure alk>wed, size of gauge cocks and water
glasses, code of signals and lights used, size of
step ladders and life boats, even the weight of the
material used in making of the life preservers,
the prescribed form of trails of officers, etc.

Is it not possible that some such law could as
well be applied to railroad service as marine ser-
vice, and thereby lessen our casualty list, and bet-
ter the conditions of all concerned? Must it be
said that we are afraid to show to the public the
results of any investigation or publicity that can
be given accidents?

Let us as a railway organization, and I hope all
our sister organizations, approve of any honest
method, or law, whereby a decrease in the killed
and injured can be shown. If it be true that 70
per cent of all our accidents in the United States
are due to the negligence of the employe in one
way or another, let us as employes assist, and do
our share towards any move that will stop the kill-
ing of passengers and our fellow workmen intuch
a reckless manner.

Do we want it said that we are unwilling to
stand for examination and licensing of railway
employes, if carried on by honest methods and
government supervision that will bring results?
We are too good, intelligent American citizens to
stand in front of the engine of progress that is
pulling public sentiment along the rails of de-
creased accidents.

Concerning the Fowler wreck in Indiana, the
Railroad Commissioners found that the crew oti

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the freight had violated one of the company's
orders, to-wit, — they did not clear the time of the
passenger train five minutes; that is, to throw the
responsibility on the freight crew.

On August 2nd, the coroner's jury in the case
of the Pere Marquette wreck* which occurred on
July SOth, said in part: This collision was the
result of the mis-reading of order No. 8 on the
part of Conductor Hamilton, Engineer Rodgers,
Head Brakeman Briggs and Flagman Becker, of
Train No. 71; also due to the imperfect and im>
proper manner in which it was prepared by Ope-
rator Cassiday, at Plymouth station.

While I do not believe it possible for a body
of inexperienced mex on a coroner's jury to gain
all the facts, it is nevertheless true that such
wholesale inefficiency should not be allowed to go
unheeded. I believe where human life is sacri-
ficed, due to mistakes, ignorance or inefficiency,
the persons responsible, whether officials, employes
or the public, should be made to answer to the
proper court. While it is true that accidents are
not due to intentional mistakes, it is nevertheless
the respect we have for any law that makes us
take care not to violate it.

No doubt there comes to your mind as you read
these lines, many narrow escapes due in a large
measure to luck, and where the officials and em-
ployes were to blame, and there are many cases
where the words "narrow escape** do not tell all
the story. I wish to ask you if I am not right.

Only a few years ago, some twenty-five lives
were snuffed out on a western line because the
operator wrote the figures wrong in a time order.
Many cases could be cited. Is it not about time
that we woke up to the fact and get it out of our
heads that it is always on the other fellow?

It is a fact that the officials and employes are
to blame in many cases, and you must agree that
if a superintendent, train despatcher, conductor or
other employes knew that in case of an accident
on their division, or to their train, it would be in-
vestigated by the government, and the guilty ones
lose their license to railroad, or be barred from
railroading a term of months or years, there would
be more careful management and obedience to
rules. We would have good rules adopted and
enforced where they were at fault, and railroading
would be a safer occupation today.

Is human life held so cheaply that we let acci-
dent after accident occur, causing loss of life, and
holding no one responsible? If no one is to blame
for these many accidents, then let Providence
assume the responsibility for the many killed and
injured on our railroads. On the other hand, the
officials, employes, stockholders or the public are
to blame, because they do not take proper action.
Let us find out where the fault lies and do our
share in overcoming it.

I| it be to our now defective train order s]rs-
tem or general rules, let us have a new order tyt*
tem and new rules, but let us make some more.
The time has come when the sacrifice of human
lives on our railroads needs more attention. Cer-
tainly it takes as able and efficient men to operate

trains as steamboats. Let as be the first to sur
gest this legislation.

The Canadian .government has recently com-
menced the criminal prosecution of railway em-
ployes who are responsible for wrecks. On April
23d, a conductor on the Grand Trunk was tried,
found guilty and given a prison sentence for fail-
ing to live up to the rules. The engineer of the
North British Railway, who caused the fatal
wreck at Elliot Junction, near Arbroath, Scotland,
on December 28th, is another example where this
question is going to end.

It is only a question of time when some legis-
lation, either state or national, will have to be
enacted to change the present condition of affairs,
along the line of accidents incident to operation.
It just takes a few figures to see where we are
drifting to. Within the last four years, we have
killed and injured enough trainmen to fill the
present membership of the B. of R. T., in actual
figures 13,668 killed and 196,888 injured.

It is not my contention that this one law is
forever going to stop accidental death on our rail-
roads, but it would at least have a tendency to
prevent such wholesale disregard of the rules and
good judgment It would bring about a better
state of efficiency, more perfect organization, both
in officials and men in the service.

Of course, none of us will admit that we are in
any way ever negligent, or ever violated any of
the rules. Why not then have a law that will
compel you and I, officials and others, to be more
careful of the safe operation of trains?

Publicity is what we want, and I see no other
way to get it While I am not a lawjrer, a few
citations on recent discussions relative to this
subject will give one an idea how the courts look
at it, and it seems that if such a law were enacted
it would be held constitutional, and would likely
have the support of the courts.

Judge Trieber, in a recent discussion in the
District Court for the Eastern District of Arkan-
sas, says: "Congress has the power, under the
commerce clause of the Constitution, to legislate
for the safcy and protection of employes engaged
in interstate commerce, whether the transportation
be on water or on land."

In the case of Lucy Surad, administratix vs.
Central of Georgia Railway Company, Judge
Spear in his decision, in overruling the demurrer
of the defendant, cites the case of Kazell Kirke;
26 Fed. Rep. 607, wherein the necessity of out-
limited control is stated, and which says: — "Ac-
cordingly Congress has undertaken to regulate the
lights to be carried by all vessels, navigating such
waters, and the course to be pursued by all ves-
sels meeting on such waters, and goes on to say: —
They are necessary because only by controlling in
those parts, the navigation of such waters, can
the safe navigation of vessels in interstate and
foreign commerce upon such waters be secured.
For further authority see 8 Fed. Stat Page 408.

Again, Judge Spear says: — ^The employes of a
railroad company are essential instruments to the
existence, under modern conditions of interstate
traffic on land. The engineers, the firemen, the

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S lOURNAL. 1059

QUEBEC AND LAKE ST. JOHN RAILWAY, LOCAL GRIEVANCE COMMITTEE.

A. B^udrean. Secy. J. BUis, Cbm. J. A. Canti.i, V. Chm.

This committee secured u 22H increase for freight men, 70% for pacsenger men and a ten hoar day instead of

a twelve hoar day.

train hands, the track hands, the conductors .and I see no reason why this law, if properly drawn

all the rest are as essential to this traffic as are up, would prevent in any way the discharge or the

the masters, pilots, engineers and sailors to navi- re-instatement of employes, discharged for other

gation. offenses other than prescribed by law, by our

Judge Spear cites the House Committee on its grievance committees. It would not necessarily

report of the Employers' Liability Act, which mean that the man who got into trouble would

said: — Employes, are never held to such strict forever be barred from railroading. It might be

rules for the safety of co-employes, because the true that he could not float around from one road

employer is not bound to pay damages in case of to another, as now.

injury. If he were held liable for damages for The supervising officials of our marine service

every injury occasioned by the negligence of his do not forever bar a man from active service in

servants, he would enforce the same strict rules case of trouble. He may be reprimanded, or re-

for the safety of his employers, as he does for duced in rank, or barred from active service for a

the safety of passengers and strangers, and he will given time, or in the case of Captain Franke, who

make the employment of his servants, and his re> was captain of the G. N. Liner Dakota, recently

tention in the service dependent upon the exer> wrecked off the coast of Japan; he is not allowed

else of higher care, and this will become a strong to again enter service until January 1st, 1008, and

inducement to the employe to act with higher re- then must serve two years as first officer before

gard for the safety of his fellow workman. his captain's papers are again given him.

We have a similar law as I suggest, in Ala- If this question is again taken up, we should

bama, but if I am informed correctly, only re> see that we have a hand in the framing of this

quires the low engineers to be licensed. We see law. There is no question but what a body of ex-

too many paragraphs as this one: — At the office perienced railroad men drawn from both sides,

of the superintendent, tonight, it was said that could draft a measure that would bring about the

they were not yet certain who was to blame for desired results, and still be fair to the railroads

the accident, but a thorough investigation is under and the employes.

way. Only in a few cases, do we ever hear of the We should especially see to the bill relative to

results of these investigations. This investigm- the rules for signal lights, rules of operation, etc

tion usually works one way, and is somewhat of If this is not done, we would have a one sided

a joke so far as remedies for the recurrence of law, which, if enforced, would work a hardship

the accident, or loss of life, is concerned. on the men in the service. Make this^w so that

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

it hiu both tides alike, and one that the com-
pany will have something to protect, as well as
the employe.

Experience teaches as that some of our laws
have a joker in them. Let us see to it that in
this one it is left out. Of course, I expect a loud
and long protest from many on this question. No
doubt, some good argument will be shown against
such action, but when we weigh it, we should give
it our good, honest judgment Can we honestly
say that it would not be a good thing, and should
at least be tried? As the court says the prepon-
derance of evidence is with the defendant, the
question I ask is: Why not give this our hearty
approval ?

(Signed) £ Plukibyts Uruic.

Journal Agents.

It appears that a majority of our membesa, and
quite a number of the Journal Agents, have not
noticed the change in the law pertaining to the
duties of the Journal Agent.

Prior to the adoption of the new law, August
1st, 1907, it was part of the duty of the Agent to
send the Jousnal changes of address. With the
adoption of the new law, this was changed and it
is no longer the duty of the Journal Agent to
send changes of this kind. He may do so if he
desires, but such service is not considered a part
of his duty.

The only duty required of the Journal Agent,
under the new law, is to solicit subscriptions "and
send them to this office. It is to be hoped that
the members of the Brotherhood will understand
that if they want their Journal address changed,
it will be their own business to send the change
to this office, and not depend on some one else to
do it for them.

We had so many complaints in the past, from
members who depended on some one else to do
this work for them, that we felt it was only fair
to put a duty of this kind on the man who was the
most interested, and the law accordingly was
changed.

It is to be hoped that in the election of offi-
cers for 1908, that the office of Journal Agent
will be very carefully taken care of, and that
men will be elected to the position who will en-*
deavor to do something for the Journal, in the
way of securing subscriptions.

An Invitation From Salt Lake City*

The above refers especially to the legislative
boards of the country and to assture you that we
are anxious to show our sincerity and determina-
tion in the matter of legislation, I will change the
usual order, and ask, "That you all speak at
once."

Here is the proposition we are up against in
Utah:

First: We have at the present time a Gov-
ernor who is so bitterly opposed to organized labor

that he did not even issue a Labor Day procla-
mation, and then went 'one further and hit us an'
other slap in the face by leaving the atate for a
few days.

He has his understudies so well trained that
they did not even recognize our National holiday
after his oversight, so all we can do b to remem-
ber the insult until a year hence.

If there is another state in the Union where
we as a class received such an insult I would
like very much to hear of it

Secondly, this man (?) "Parry" down in In-
dianapolis or thereabouts is nc«C in the game at
all, as compared to the leaders of the Mormon
church here.

During the coal strike here in 1003 students in
the various colleges of the state which are con-
trolled by the church were forced to leave school
and fill the strikers* places in the mines, and we
can furnish files of speeches made by their lead-
ers in church services here against organized labor
that would make Parry forget his own flesh and
blood when it comes time to make his will, and
send all his coin here to Salt Lake in a
special train marked with a big banner, "Joseph
F. Smith."

If your cannot sympathize with the "Stingers'*
of Utah having to go against the above proposi-
tions in order to try and get some laws in our
favor, I will cite you some more on request.

To get to the point, I wish earnestly that all
legislative boards would send me copies of laws
that have passed in your various states that are a
benefit to our Brotherhood and I assure you that
I will ^>preciate letters from every member who
has any suggestions to offer along this line. Es-
pecially am I anxious to hear from Texas, Mon-
tana, Indiana and Iowa, as I understand a rail-
road man in those spates is protected the same as
a white citizen, and will state for your informa-
tion that there «re a good many white folks out
here who are getting their living as car hands and
we always like to see more coming our way when
they have a B. R. T. pin on.

To wind up on the laws proposition. Brother
Husted was fined $10 a few days ago for delay-
ing a street car at a grade crossing here, when
he was working under a car removing brake rig-
ging that was dragging, and which would have de-
railed the car had he attempted to pull over the
crossing.

When he appeared in court his B. R. T. pin
was quite conspicuous and no doubt cut some fig-
ure, as the judge has held his job now about 15
years and we suppose pays his per cent regularly.

About schedules, of course we all know by eX'
perience what local officials do to our time slips.

I dare say there are not less than 50 lodge
meetings a week in our Brotherhood that the lo-
cal committee does not get grievances to handle
because some petty larceny clerk is trying to beat
us out ef money we are actually entitled to by our
schedule.

We, as an organization, were fighting our laat
raise just eleven months before getting what we

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 1061

did, and now at every meeting here there are crease at least by practicing the principle with the

grievances of time not allowed. non-airs that "il they want to come to the dance

Yon are all aware what it costs to get an in- they will have to help pay the fiddler."

crease in pay. Let us go into the game a little bet- Line them up, and commencing with the new

ter and instead of getting beat out of the money year make the Snake take a d«se of bis own medi-

that we work hard for, spend it among ourselves cine, let him work on the Rock Island*, Great

by getting a competent paid chairman on all lines Northern and Northern Pacific,

who will walk into the various ofiices and call They have those contracts and you all know

their hand on this proposition of trimming time they are the cheapest and poorest in America,

slips to make a reputation for themselves, as well So long as we have shown that we are big

as giving them to understand that our contracts enough to get out and get the money, let us be

must be lived up to, to the letter. big enough to give B. R. T. men the chance to

for being on a grievance committeee, and you all us, sUrt them down the track like any other dead

know how many good men have gone hungry on one.

this same account. Let us all get in the game and when pay day

Let's take the buU by the horns and all give rolls around, if you are not doing so now, buy a

this proposition our very best attention. »• «• T. button and wear it just as soon as you

Jim Hill says that he can take a good way »»ave your honest debts and lodge dues paid,

freight brakeman and make a superintendent out Then show your fellow employes that you believe

of him in two weeks. '" ***** button by living up to the principles for

If he can. we can take the same man and make ''hich it is a guarantee, and in so doing it will
a good man for our great Brotherhood out of him "<>* take very long for our Grand Master to see
in a little longer time I am sure, and thU man that hU hard work in our behalf is appreciated,
for us and with the proper backing from each one Trusting that all legislative boards will answer
of us wfll walk into Jim Hiirs or any other of- »y inviution by sending along anything you can
fice whenever occasion demands, and make some ^r our betterment, and that there will be a gen-
little dinky superintendent or his $60 cigarette ««* appreciation of our increased wages by show-
clerk come to time. ^"S^ increased membership as well as the duties we

S. L. to have a paid chairman according to our wishes to all Brotherhood men,

constitution, but things are so rank with us that Yours truly in B. S. & I.,

we are going to ask our Grand Master for a dis- J* J* Mallahiy,

pensation for one just the same, as we wUl be get- LegisUtive RepresentaUve No. 888.

ting out of it cheaply at $1 apiece a month com-

pared with what we now lose in time not allow- j^ _• tt

ed, say nothing of the new members he could **^r * "^ rlome.

make in addition to advancing the work of our . .. , ...

or«nii.tion generiUly. I "»»« «>~" !«•*"« ^' J""""*'- "^"^^ *«

Of cour* he will, if elected, be rather hard on P"' »«" '"f I find many th.ng. of mtereM m
the boomer who give, in hi. time and quita juat "» <»''"»'•». •>»' ^ find very httle ».d >n the way
before the committee adjourns and theieby gett »' euggeation. towards improving the facJitoe. for
out of paying a.ies«nents, and he will be very ««>'ing care of the aged and dmbled railway em-
hard, too. on the worthy who has to pay Mioon P»»f<» " °" H""?- ^^ "**'• '»»* ?'««« y°ur.
bUls to save being gamisheed. and then- sneak. «" ■" «''« «tuat.on «.me of our unfortunate
around behind a box car when he meeu the Fi- '•">»«'«" are and I think you will realize the ne-
nancier on the road and "fixes it up" to be car- «"'«y for ukug »>me action and contribute

ried for the following month. "'"* '""' •"'"^'* T" "". '"'!. !°*"'H '""^"'

However, we here are giving no thought to this »>« "novement for better conditions for these

kind of members, we are figuring on raising the brothers.

standard of our members, generally, as well as giv- Hill Top Lodge, No. 529 appointed a committee

ing those a run for their money who pay for pro- to "oHcit donations for the benefit of the Home

tection, and who think enough of their obligation and $176 has been sent and the amount will reach

to come to lodge occasionally. $200 before the end of the year. This money was

Just a general word in summing up. Let us »olicited from merchants and business men who

all kind of "Come out of it" and show our Grand ^^^^^^ °"'' *"<*«* Some of the contributions were

Master some of the spirit in return that he has ™adc in merchandise— such as shoes, hats, suit of

shown us in the battle for an increase of wages clothes, overcoat, and the committee by a little

during the past year. If we would as a class «ctra wirk raffled these articles and realized the

only take 10 per cent of the interest in the Broth- *«*^ ^alue of them.

erhaod that our Grand Lodge Officers do I want I would like to see every lodge appoint a com-

to tell you that it would be only a very short mittee to solicit help for our Home and see what

time until there would be the greatest railroad can be done. If each lodge can average $50 just

labor organization ever and it would be the see what a fund would be raised. The next time

Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. you attend lodge, brother, bring the matter no.

Let us show our appreciation of the yard in- Don't wait for some one else to mentipn it. Quot-

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106JJ RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Ing from m letter from the Home. Brother called upon to pass in the States. The men who

O'Keefe says: have been set back will naturally suffer a reduc-

. "It is ahnost impossible to describe to you, so tion in wages and even now there are more men

that you could understand, the disadvantages in drawing $160 per month than there are drawing

which we are working to give our charges the care $100 per month.

and attention that their physical condition de- We are working from 13 to 16 hours a day and

mands. We have eleven men whose meals have the eight hour law as applied here is a farce

to be carried to them three times a day, eight of and the men are not making a thing out of the

those men are unable to dress or undress them- overtime.

selves and four of that number must be fed and In the recent report of Miss Gertrude Beeks

attended to like so many children, and we sincere, who came down here to look after conditions for

ly trust that in the near future the four brother- the National Civic Federation I find this comment

hoods may adopt some plan whereVy they will which is fully warranted by the conditions as

erect and maintain an up-to-date fireproof struo- shown by her

ture so that unfortunates who are now here and "There has been great dissatisfaction caused by

those yet to come may be cared for in the way the issuing of passes indiscrimiately. It has been

we should like if we were so situated." particularly aggravating for the mechanic and his

Just think, boys, what $50,000 would do'. Get wife, without free transportation, to sit next to

your conmiittees appointed and get to work. A » clerk and his wife, who have passes upon the

new home for next year is the wish of railroad. In the clerical department the pass book

Yours in B. S. & I., '^ handed around every Saturday night and passes

Q S^ 3, indiscriminately issued: whereas, in the track,

...._^_^_^_ excavating, transportation and mechanical depart-

1? C 1.4. T 4. r\ 'Ti. n mcnts generally, favoritism is shown.

ISyeblgnt ieStUn ine ranama "There have been instances where engineers

Railroad. have left their trains at certain stations and had

to pay their fares back to the camps where they

Since the examination of the railroad employes resided. Until quite recently, conductors, en-
for eyesight there are close to 46 per cent of the gineers, yard men, and trainmasters had to pay
men who were running trains back in the "Ditch" half rate if they wanted to go any place. There is
and I think that every Brotherhood man who in- intense feeling against the courtesy shown clerks
tends to come down here ought to be ready to in preference to mechanics and this unfair pro-
stand as rigid a test for eyesight as he would be vision should be corrected. Passes should be

SHIPPING BANANAS. GATUN. PANAMA.

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STATUE OF COLUMBUS, COLON, PANAMA.

given to all or to none and that fact is recognized ditch beyond the platform at seven o'clock in the

by the Chairman of the Commission. It would be evening when it is so dark that it is impossible

very advisable to limit passes to two a month to see. There should be electric lights at that

and let all have them. In this way there would place pending the improvement of the station,

be no imposition upon the Government, as has One portion of the platform is so high above the

been the case where it was claimed that the car steps and far away that it is very difficult to

wives of the employes have pretty well spent reach it. It is remarkable that there are not

their time riding up and down the road. The serious accidents. There should be benches under

plan, above outlined, together with half rates for the awnings at all stations, as there is now no

families of employes, is under consideration. place to sit while awaiting trains."

"There are few passenger trains each way, Tao, Canal Zone,

crossing the Isthmus daily, as they would inter- _^-^___

fere with the dirt trains and excavation work.

Now that there are so many married women upon ** Something Xo Bc DoDC."

the Zone it would be very desirable to limit —

smoking to one car, or at least rear seats, and Some time ago our Journal called attention to

require that there shall be no spitting upon the "Immigration" and this last month another arti<

floors. Attractive stations have been built at the cle on "Indian Coolies' in America, and as this

camps, but at Panama the terminal facilities are is in regard to the labor question, it is quite per*

so inadequate as to be dangerous. The platform, tinent that we should stop in passing and look for

upon which passengers alight, is altogether too a few minutes at the question of "Prohibition and

short. It is exceedingly bad to get off in the Temperance" that is now going oflThidM United

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1064 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

States. So many of our railroads have almost pay" ns to have an increase in idiots, paupers,
made it impossible for an employe unless a tem- criminals, luoatics, increase taxes, jails, alms-
perance man to secure employment on their roads, houses, workhouses, reformatories, police and
and as our motto is "Benevolence, Sobriety and criminal courts, just to support a crowd of saloon
Industry," let us consider for the present the keepers and their families? Out of our hard
matter. Just now the little state of Delaware is earnings they buy the finest clothing, victuab and
in one of the greatest fighu on this subject of her homes with the money that our families are en-
life. Both sides have public meetings on the titled to.

street corners nearly every night. The theaters Let us consider this matter when it comes to
at first closed their doors to the anti-license peo* our several states and we are called as makers
pie, but the churches have opened theirs wide, of good morals in our home towns, to vote on this
The saloon men in their notices sent out from the very important question,
office of their official paper, the IVin* and Spirit Yours in B. S. ft I.,

Gasette, claim if this battle is lost in Delaware j. p. Loplamd,

it will have a tendency to form a leverage to lift Lodge No. 628.

Pennsylvania and New York from their list of -

business interests, and the "no license*' men
claim as Delaware was one of the first to raUfy Newark Lodge No« 219

the "Declaration of Independence," so she should

be among the first to declare herself on the sub- This lodge, on Sunday, Oct. 27th, held its reg-
ject and since insurance companies have put such ular meeting at Gladstone, N. J. This affair ^as
a ban on drunkards and those interested in the mentioned in the October Jouenal, yet there were
business directly and indirectly, and business men some of our boys who did not know of it. As it
of all kinds as well as the saloon proprietors who was, about twenty of the boys boarded the 9:30
will not have men addicted to the habit of strong a. m. train on the above date and went to Glad-
drink, but advertise for sober, industrious and stone to hold a meeting there, because it was
honest young men for bartenders, it begins to easier for us to go there than it is for the mem-
look as if the business was getting in such a bers of Lodge No. 219, who live up there in the
shape that decent men will have to withdraw from beautiful Washington Valley, to come to New-
it, and if it is a dangerous business for a young ^ark to attend meetings. Three candidates were
man who uses it, how much more dangerous is it Initiated, and all three were given the third de-
for a railroad man when we have so many human degree. Perhaps this was done in revenge for the
lives intrusted to our care, and it depends on us extremely hospitable reception the visiting mem-
to have clear brains and steady nerves I bers were given by the resident members. We

The newspapers, many of t!-:em, have declared were all corralled at the homes of different mem-
it 'is impossible to prohibit the sale of liquor, but bers, except the Journal Agent. He strayed away
when governors, senators and judges speak as from the *'bunch" and went to chn or rather

some of the greatest men of the country are' to a friend's house directly across the street from
speaking now and working in their own states and the Methodist church, and his hospitality was
elsewhere for the overthrow of this business it such that he arrived at the hall one hour late, btit
is not strange to see why so many of the states in time for the initiation. However, we were
are deciding for prohibition. very well pleased with our trip and our meeting.

Old Kentucky is almost dry and a few years The report of the Financier was another pleasing
ago who would ever have believed anything like episode of the meeting, for it showed this lodge
the conditions that now exist there could have to be in a splendid financial condition, with a
been possible, yet today the sUte has 97 out of total gain in memhership of nearly 100. Another
111 counties dry, only 4 cotinties wet. and the pleasant event was the address made by our Mas-
saloons closed on Sundays. Georgia has alrehdy ter, Alfred Schroetter. The meeting, as a whole,
been added to the list of prohibition sUtes and was the best one Lodge No. 219 has held in many
after January 1st no saloons will be allowed, days. These meetings are commendable, and we
Mississippi is about to fall in line with Maine must feel it our duty to hold more of them. They
North Dakota and Kansas. Oklahoma has adopt- are conducive of good and are much enjoyed by
ed it in her constitution. In Ohio a few weeks all. We held our annual ball and reception,
ago at Cedar Point, at a gathering of political Nov. 16th« and it was m success both financially
leaders 78 out of 86 members of the legislature and socially. This to be accredited to the excellent
there present declared informally for ultimate committee. It would not be a bad idea for us to
state prohibition and immediate county option. give another one in conjunction with our Glad-
In addition to this it is said that Arkansas, >tone brothers, in that place. It would *'take"
Kentucky, Nebraska, South Dakota, New Hamp- better there than in the city. Think it over,
shire and Vermont may vote prohibition policy brothers. This month we will elect officers for
within the near future. Does it pay us as men the ensuing year.

and voters to license a business that makes rail- The Journal Agent proposes to enter his plaint
road men and mechanics less skillful, less steady, at this time against the laxity of the several mem-
less reliable, which lessens self-respect and the bers of this lodge in regard to their Journals,
respect of others when we lose confidence, credit At almost every meeting some brothers will hand
and standing in our communities, and "does it the Journal Agent a slip ©f papei^with thejrc-

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mark, ''Brother So and So wants his address hope that you may not have to fight for it as long
changed/' and oftentimes these self same slips as we printers have, before you get it. The rail-
have been carried in some one's pocket for scv- road man needs short hours as much if not more '
eral weeks, and then someone does not get his than any other class of men, but you will have
JouKNAL for a month or two. Brothers, this man- to fight for it nevertheless, and may you win out
ner of doing business is a constant source of anx. The railroad companies will contest the move-
iety to both the Editor of the Jouknal and the ment at every step, and I am sorry to state that
Journal Agent. Recently, I was sent a list of there are some men who will not take any more
members of No. 219 whom the postmaster report- kindly to the eight-hour proposition than they
ed could not be found at addresses given. Such did at the ten hour, but you have the major por-
things are annoying to the Editor of the Jouknal tion of the men with you, and as there is no
and are entirely unnecessary. In most of the scarcity of reliable railroad men in our country
Journals is a blank which is put there for the the companies will have no reasonable excuse to
express purpose of being utilized whenever a put up and you will surely win.
change of residence is made and the Journal Wishing one and all a Merry Christmas and a
Agent's address is also in tnc Journal, and it is Happy New Year, I am,
surely no hardship to drop a line to the J. A. or Fraternally yours,
the Editor and your Journal will come to you A. M. Douglass,
regularly. Please bear this in mind, brothers, and Journal Agent Lodge No. 129.

there is another thing. During this month I

want every member of Lodge No. 219 to send me PI * T

a postal card with his name and correct address L^iariOn, lOWa.

written on it. These I will enter in a book, and », ,i ^. v ^u . t» i j * ^ v

^u J ^ £ ^ ^ J jr Hello there, brothers! I'm glad you found the

then do not forget to send me word of your new , i . . . .. ,

.. . * 1 * u • ^.- place, glad to have you reading where you are; I
address when you contemplate changing your ... ., . ,. . .
residence before you do make the change. Do not was afraid you would miss it I've jujt got in
wait until a month after you have moved. This ^« ^« road, and as I feel -m the mood, having
is what has caused all the trouble in the ?ast ^^^ ? «?*^ 1"^^!;;' ">[ **«^ ****7/ with soap and
It is the desire of both the Editor of the Journal ffi Z'.,^''*" ^."^^*7' ^. ^^^ ^°^ ^7
and the Journal Agent, that each member of the "^»^* ^^^ « getting along. Clara No. 707 Is
Brotherhood receive his Journal regularly every ^^ ^^./T* ""^^ ^"* ^*^ ***' "^ »*** " » ^""•
month, and if you will but keep us posted as to '"*''• ^f *»*^« **»* ^^^^ ^^ «' o^**"* »"<* °»^™-
where you live, we will do the rest Do not for- ^ j*», ^ found anywhere. Everybody takes a
get that this is the last month of the old year, ^*>* °^ ^"**'"«»* '« ^^^ ™»««" *"<i i"<J«i°« ^'^^^
and with the end of this year and the *^« ^ay new members are coming in. no on-, is
beginning of the new let us turn over overlooking a bet That's right, brott..sI Do
the proverbial "new leaf and see what we «» °^^ ^^^^ "^ ^o»«« *°d let your motlo
can do fo? our respective lodges in particular and ^' "^^^^^^ "*^~^'^ 8^* * member." Our mcet-
the grand old Brotherhood in general. Let us »"«* *" ^^^ regulariy, but the way the runs are.
for one thing resolve to attend meetings regular- >^ " impossible for us all to be here on meeting
ly and for another thing, do a little more mis- ^^^' ^^'^ ^^^ ^°^^ >« * fi«« ^*»'Ke place— there
sionary work. There is plenty of good timber to « always room for visiting members who will be
pick from. Our ranks must be recruited, for ifre ** »" *^"*^ welcome. "Clara's" goat is about the
old men will pass over the border some day and ^^^ ^^ «^«" ""« o^*'' »' ^ou don't believe
there must be others to fill our places, else our »* * *"** ^" convince the most skeptical. The
order will fail. What a noble Order we have, '*»* meeting "ye scribe" attended three candi-
and what a lot of good we have done, and what- ^^^ "^^^^ initiated; they spoke afterwards of
ever we have done has geen shared equally with *««""» "shaken up." No wonder, as BiUie was
the "non" as well as the Brotherhood man. and I >^"«<* »« * vacant lot behind a drug store, and
never could conjecture how a man in railroad »t« l*b«l» off broken bottles so long that with him
train service could conscientiously partake of the cverytiiing had to be ' weU shaken before taken."
benefits accruing from the work of the Brother- This U all I had better say about Sir William as
hood and not contribute toward the same, but he may take offense, and get an idea in his bony,
happily these men are not numerous. I have unpadded head that he's been insulted, and sUrt
worked under both conditions— that is, I worked another argument with me. and to use the parrot-
in railroad service before Brotherhood men among like expression: "Far be from such." Business
trainmen were hard to find, and all I say is, give i* pretty good on the Great Western at present,
me a place to work under imion Conditions every all the men are making good wages. All the
time. My brothers, I am a double-dyed union n»en are lined up but a few and they will be
man, and I am proud of the fact that I hold mem- eligible soon. We look forward each montfi, glad
bcrship today in two of the largest labor unions to get our Journal, as there are many instructive
in this country — the Brotherhood of Railway and enjoyable articles in each issue. I don't
Trainmen and the Typographical Union No. 6 of know whether this will be classed among the latter
New York City, and it is my earnest wish and or not, but next time I'll give you the experience
hope to see all my railroad compatriots obtain the of a green brakeman. Regards to members of
eight-hour day in the very near future, but I also Twin City No. 56, and Esther No. 852. I held

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1066 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

a good berth in the latter a ntsmber of yean, but tection is an article of value to you and yours,

fell out one day during a heavy sea. the same as clothing. We are very fortunate in

Yours truly, having a good, hard working set of officers and

Paddy Whack. when our worthy Master Bobb calls the meetings

to order he can always see from seventy-five to

one hundred there ready to do anything for the

Sunny South, No. 211. good of the b. r. t. w. j. Shambough,

Journal Agent No. 76S.

Another fiscal year of our Brotherhood is draw<

ing to a close, and although during the year No. _, _-

811 has had some trouble, yet, taking everything ***C rlome.

into consideration, she can feel justly proud of ——

her present status in the order, for while she ^ ^„ Highland Park. 111., Dec. 1, IWT.

has had to tear out some worthless timber that ^Th« followmg donations have been received at

endangered her structure, she has replaced it by ^^"^ Home for the month of October:

other that is clear, sound heart, and that insures B. R. T. Lodges.

solidity again to the entire fabric. Our member- 66 $2.00 461 $8.00

ship, though not as large as some other lodges, 74 12.00 477 12.00

is composed of men whose sole aim and object is 82 8.00 510 18.00

to advance the welfare and interest of the order, 97 4.00 689 175.00

knowing that by doing so they advance their own 106 80.00 581 7.90

interesU. This may sound somewhat selfish, but 117 IQ.OO 646 5.00

if so it is a selfishness the practice of which can 284 8.00 678 10.00

not be too highly commended, and which every 878 8.85 681 10.00

true Trainman should consider his first duty. 878 18.00 656 10.00

This is the condition of No. 811, which is but 886 lO.OO 789 8.00

a small, perhaps one of the smallest parts of that 484 18.00

grander structure whose ramifications spread not _

only throughout every sUte of our great Union, Total $848.85

but also crosses its borders and affiliates the sub- L. A. T. Lodges

jects of another country. We feel proud to gg $6.00 885... $5.00

know that under the supervision of our Grand 147 g^^ 8I7!.! .!!!!!!!!! 5.00

Master and his able superintendents the same £88 8.50 SSd/,., /,.',,,',,, 2.W

conditions prevail in it, and evfcry member of our '

gi.'»t Brotherhood from beyond the border, and Total $84.60

withii. *he borders of our Union, feels the flash ^

of pride . "'e when the name of Brother Morris- (\ Tl C nJvS.i *

O. R. C. Divisions «..$ 48.00

B. R. T. Lodges 848.85

sey or any of his staff is mentioned; for the

Brotherhood under their administration has not ^* V* V *t^*;'^ ^t^'L-,

^ ^ ,, , . . . ^ n. 1-. ri. Divisions 164.00

only become the greatest railroad organizaUon, t,tt,««,.

but also one of the principal factors in the ad- f* ^ ^' tJl ,^ ^^'^

imtmtnt of all grievances of railway employes in J" T JT* t^7 ^^'^^

the traffic department. JT' ^ a ^— ^''^

L. S. to B. L. F. ft E. Lodges 7.OO

James Costello, No. 870, O. R. C I.OO

Philadelphia. Alfred S. Lunt, No. 456. B. R. T l.OO

E. Buck, No. 81, O. R. C I.OO

Just a few words to let the brothers know Station No. 88. C ft N. W. Depot Con-

what we are doing on the P. & R. Reading ductors Room 2.66

Lodge No. 762 was organized March 8. 1907, Members No. 86, B. L. E 10.00

with ninety-one members, and at present we have Members No. 168, B. L. E 3.75

808. As a new lodge we are certainly doing Proceeds of a moving picture show given

great work. By the time our first birthday comes by No. 449, B. L. F. & E. and No. 116

around we will have at least 860 members in L.^ S., Qebume, Texas 17.90

good sUnding. We keep our goat going some. Station No. 8, C. ft N. W. Depot, Brake-

with from eight to ten to ride at every meeting. ™»n Room 1,35

The men have shown the right Brotherhood spirit ■

by good attendance at meetings and putting their Total $778.80

shoulder to the wheel and giving us a boost up Miscellaneous.

the ladder of success. One box of books from F. G. Sprague, No. 118,

Each man seems to realize when he has paid O. R. C.

his month's dues he has bought something. The Trunk and clothing from Mrs. T. J. Bingford,

purchase is a month's protection for the loved No. 108, G. L A.

ones and at the end of the month he has re- Respectfully submitted,

ceived a month's worth of protection just as if John O'Kxxfe,

be has purchased something and used it. Pro* Secretary and Treasurer.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 1067

Billyi He's In Trouble* maintain a good lodge that wanU to be

- successfuL Every one go when you are in.
(anonymous.) ^ou cannot expect much from the lodge or look

for it to prosper without you. It does not just

I've got a letter, parsouj from my son away out mean pay your dues promptly to be a good

West, member. It means attend lodge and help keep

An' my oP heart's as heavy as an anvil in my it going. Another good feature is to bring all

breast, the good, new material that you know. Give

To think the boy who's futur' I had once so the "nons" the lest recommendation that you can

proudly planned and present them to the lodge as soon as you

Should wander from the path o' right an' come can. You know our vote would help get the

to such an end I governor you were for, and our vote would elect

I told him when' he left us, only three short the President of the United States and this means*

years ago, the same to your lodge room.

He'd find himself a plowin* in a mighty crooked Here is another excellent feature of "Our

row — Shenandoah." It's purely a railroad town and

He'd miss his father's counseb, and his mother's for this reason there is a splendid up-to-date Y.

prayers, too; M. C. A. here, located along the railroad, just

But he said the farm was hateful, an' he guessed where the boys need it and all should belong

he'd have to go. and help keep it going. It is a splendid place for

you to spend an evening and with good beds for

I know thar's big temptation for a youngster in those whose homes are not here. Go, read some

the West, of the splendid literature, have a nice game with

But I believed our Billy had the courage to re- some of your friends. You are always wel-

sist; come. Wishing you all continued success, for

An** when he left I warned him o' the ever- such has been the year with the "Great Broth-

waitin* snares erhood." Very sincerely.

That lie like hidden sarpints in life's pathway Donn.

everywheres. s

Our Bill, he promised faithful to be keerful, an* r? ^ Oi. t • tii

allowed EastSt. Louis, 111.

He'd build a reputation that'd make us mighty , „ "~ « « • , .

^^yj. I want to tell you about East St Louis and

But it seems as how my counsel sort o' faded ^"^ ^^ ^^ '^'^ «*"^"« along out here Lodg^

from his mind, ^»- *** ""^ ^o. 706 are getting along just like

An' now the boys in trouble of the very wustest ^^'f,, brothers^ working side by side, and both

kind I ^ pulling on the same rope for the good of the

Brotherhood.

His letters come so seldom that I somehow wrt , ^* >»«? * «"*" **^t-*° ^»*^ *^« S. U. of N. A.

o' knowed * started about the 21st of October, when they

That Billy was a trampin' on a mighty rocky *°*^ *»"'" ^^^^ ^«^^ ***** ^^^ "^^^^ 8°*"K ^ ^"^

fQf^^. them another raise this fallj and tried to stampede

But I never once imagined he would bow my °«'" "wnbership, but No. 645 and No. 706 got

head in shame btisy and put a man in the field, and we had a

An' in the dust would waller hU ol' daddy's hon- fi^"*""** '^'"^ "P* «*^"'»"« «" <>' o"*" '°'^<^«» >" "°«»

ored name. '^^ ^ usual we have put the S. U. into clear.

He writes from out in Denver, an' the story's ^^ ^"^ ^avc a good prospect of taking a few

mighty short; more members from them, and also adding m few

I just can't tell his mother; it'd crush her poor "«<> bills" that were working in our jurisdiction.

ol' heart! ^ would like to give the brothers in the St.

An' so I reckoned, parson, you might break the ^«" switching district some advice about the

news to her ^* U* agitation, and that is, that in all the yards

Bill's in the Legislatur', but he doesn't say what *bat I have been through, and that is all there is

fur. in £Mt St. Louis, I never got one S. U. man to

say that he expected a raise, or that he was look-

ing for one this fall, and this proves that they

Shenandoah, Va. just wante'd to stampede the weak membrrs of

our order by circulating papers, and getting B.

Our lodge is pew yet, we have just organized of R. T. boys to sign them, and then using them

with 60 strong and we are all going to do what we to represent their membership in the yard where
can to make good interesting meetings so there the paper was circulated, for the purpose of try-
will be always a good attendance and we ask that ing to get contracts, and to draw away from the
all the members put their shoulders to the wheel. Brotherhood what men they could get.
whistle off brakes and come in on time and attend J[ am sorry to say that some of our boys signed
to their lodge duties; be at the hall every Sunday these petitions, but the most of them after they
at 9 a. m. and see what's doing. There will al- understood the move, removed their names from
ways be some one there. You arc all needed to the paper, and where they could^Tiot get the

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1068

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

paper back, they lent in proteats against their
namea being uacd, and everything has come out
O. K. with the 6. IL T. on top, and I think
our boys will not sign any paper now that is
brought to them that does not have B. of R. T.
on the top of it, and P. H. Morriaaey on the
bottom, for this is the only kind of paper that is
legal, or that is able to get an increase in pay.
Brothers, when you are not satisfied, you know
the way U always open through the Brotherhood
for you to make your wants known, and let ua
go to work in a businesalike way, not forgetting
that by our organization we have what we have,
and by it we will get more when the time comes
to get it So, do not let us get apart, but closer
together, as only by a dote fraternal organiza-
tion can we hope to gain, anjrthing.

J. S. EUBANKS,

Lodge No. 549.

Ladies Auxiliary, Aurora, 111.

When this Journal reaches our readers, we will
be in the last chapter of our yc'ar's history of
1907. When the bock is at last closed and we are
left to mediUte, what will be the nature of our
meditation? Will we feel that we have grasped
every opportunity to do good and strengthen our
order? Have we done aught that we should not
have done, or left undone that which should have
been done?

To our Lodge No. 261. the year 1907 has been
one to which, in years to come, we will look back
with unusual satisfaction^ for it has been to us m
year of progress, harmony and pleasure. One
of the last pleasant events was a visit from our
First Vice Grand Mistress, Augusta M. Statzer.
When the hour for opening came every sister,
who was able to come, was there. After holding
a very interesting session. Sister Statzer illus-
trated the Brotherhood Chart which was apprec-
iated by all. The sisters lingered until a late
hour, all regretting to say goodbye to the officer
who has found a place in the hearts of our entire
membership. Not only is it a pleasure to enter-
tain our Grand Lodge officer, of whom we are so
proud, but it is a great help to our order. It
inspires each member to work for the good of
mankind and our order, regardless of crit-
icism. Another great help, as well aa
pleasure, is the privilege of visiting sis-
ter lodges from whom we gain much by
our .association with one another. In October
the Aurora Lodge was delightfully entertained by
the sisters of Joliet Lodge No. 117. Vfe spent a
very enjoyable day, for nothing was left undone
by the sisters of 117 to make it so. Their hall,
beautifully decorated in the beauties of autumn,
together with the colors of our order, and a
banquet, grand in every detail, was our welcome
to their city. After the banquet we enjoyed their
regular session which was closed by the presenta-

tion of their drill which was beautiful. After
partaking of a dainty supper, the Aurora ladies
left for their homes declaring the Joliet ladies
experts as entertainers.

It is pleasant to look back over these enjoyable,
happy occasions, but while doing so the thought
comes to us, have we been altogether worthy of
all these pleasures. The teachings and principles
of our order make us desirous of living for and
making others happy. There are so many ways
of doing good that every one, no matter how
situated, either by deed or influence, can do so.
We know that for the sake of progress our best
workers have suffered most, for it is the way of
the world that those looking for and fi^rasping
new ideas must needs meet with opposition. Had
Frances Willard been less courageous in her noble
work and aspirations, the good that has been
done through her influence might never have been
brought about We know that many a woman
has been rescued from having to earn bread for
herself and children, and perhaps a drunken hus-
band, through the sentiment of the little white
ribbon. All honor to Father Coffin, the friend of
the Brotherhood, who so earnestly advocates the
white button. We hope 'ere long it will adorn the
coat of every railroad man and the Auxiliary will
wear the emblem, the little white ribbon. Our
heroes of the rail are leaders in the labor world,
we would be only too glad to help them in a
battle against the demon drink. Many a good and
interesting article has appeared in the Jouknax.
on Child Labor, the evils of which we see all
about us. We see children at work who should
be in school, children whose father is earning
good wages, but whose pay check is never brought
home. The abuse of liquor has robbed his chil-
dren of that which rightly belongs to them and
made his home unhappy. Surely there could be
no nobler work for us than helping, be it in ever
so feeble a way, to better these conditions, so that
when the "Book of Life" is closed, to us may be
appropriated the words of our Master, "She hath
done what she could."

Minnie Staotlandes.

Lodge No. 261.

Aurora, IlL

Ladies Auxiliary, Galveston, Tex.

I am in receipt of the B. R. T. Standard
Watch, of which my husband is very proud. He
was afraid before I received it that it might not
be as handsome and equally as good as the one
I earned for him last January. I am proud to
say, however, that it is perfectly satisfactory, and
I think he is even prouder of thi$ watch than he
was of the first one. I wish to thank you very
much, indeed, for thb beautiful watch.

Mrs. Bob Howaso,

8407 Ave. E.

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EDITORIAI

Vol. XXIV.

No. 12

The Trust Conference.

The trust conference, recently held at
Chicago, under the auspices of the National
Civic Federation, brought together many
prominent financiers, business managers and
publicists, who discussed the question of
the uses and abuses of great corporations
and the unfairness of the anti-trust act of
1890, in that it did not discriminate between
the good and the bad corporations.

While debate was limited there were very
many excellent discussions that showed a
tendency to alsk for regulative legislation
before conditions demanded something
more drastic in the way of government
ownership or something worse.

Judging from general discussion the con-
census of opinion appeared to be that the
Sherman Act is too sweeping and it should
be amended so as to distinguish between
reasonable and unreasonable restraint of
trade, the former being beneficial if duly
controlled by legislation. It was ak<t be-
lieved that corporations engaged in inter-
state traffic should not hold stock in other
corporations likewise engaged. It was
practically conceded that protection for in-
vestors and consumers must come through
proper national regulation of combinations
and through the enforcement of publicity
and with due regard for the rights of the
minority stockholders and the people.

Among the arguments presented for the
proper conservation of the interests of the
people was that of Judge Grosscup, of Chi-
cago, who advocated a national non-partisan
commission, representing capital, labor and

the consumer, to investigate and report such
reforms as the existing industrial situation
seems to demand.

It was generally admitted that overcapi-
talization should be prevented by govern-
ment regulation through a commission that
would investigate every application for a
charter, thus preventing demands on the
possible earnings in excess of their ability.
The situation was demonstrated by Judge
Grosscup substantially as follows:

"In this country," he said, "the coiporation is
a creature of the executive department of the sev-
eral states, and issues out of such department
almost as a matter of course. Neither the object
for which the corporation is formed, nor the
amount of its capitalization, nor the character of
the securities issued commands any preliminary
attention other than such as is merely perfunc-
tory. Put your nickel in the slot and take out a
charter is the invitation that the states extend,
and in line before the slot machine, entitled, too,
to an equal place in the line, are the corporate
projects conceived to defraud as well as those
that have an honest purpose. Neither is detained
by so much as an inquiry.

"For indifference such as that I would substi-
tute at the very threshold of the corporation's ap-
plication for existence an honest, careful inquiry
by some tribunal of government — a tribunal that
will act only after it has heard — a hearing in
which the public is represented by a district at-
torney, on whom is thus devolved the duty, not
merely of pursuing the horse after it is stolen,
but of seeing to it that the door is locked before
the horse is stolen. And what honest project. I
ask, can object to such an inquiry?

"The corporation as at present organized by the

states has license to issue all the securities it

chooses, and all the kinds of securities it chooses

— securities whose place in the corporate geologic

stratification no ordinanr mind c|[n locate; and
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1070 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

out of this htve come the many instances of capi- due to some overleaping personal ambition hMriag

talizations that serve no purpose other than to too easy access to great money deposits. No.

exploit with one hand the consuming public, while No. The work to be done is not to tear down,

baiting with the other that portion of the public nor yet again to let alone — the work to be done

that with hard-earned savings is looking for some is to reform, if need be to rebuild, this interme-

opportunity to help itself along in the race of life, diary between the country's wealth and the coun-

No honest project needs license like that. Let try's industries — to readjust it to the American

the initial securities issued be related in a fair instinct for fair play and for every man having

business way to the actual values put in." a fair part in the affairs of life."

The jurist illustrated his main point by citing The one great question to be solved is

the local street railway situation and iu genesis that of what is a good trust and what is a

from the cradle buUt by Charles T. Yerkes. No ^^ ^^^^^ question in doubt is that

names were mentioned, however. . , . . • i . . _■

..^ . ^ „ . , . ^, rn^. oi how much business ought to be done

"Take the well-known case of sonte of the Chi- „ , , . . •

cago traction companies," continued Judge Gross- annually before it would properly come un-

cup. "Without dividends^ the securities issued der the proposed regulation,
wo^ld have remained near zero, and that, too, ir- jj jg generally declared that the Sher-

l^^A^VV""^ r^^^ "^^^^^ '"*' !lx\^ n^n Act is prohibitive and that something
high dividends paid year after year until they « j j • i, l •

were no longer questioned, the securities rose in ought tO be done to amend It, but there IS

the stock marketo to par, to double par, and be- considerable fear that it might be amended

yond that, irrespective of how Urge tiie issue was. ^q the disadvantage o£ everybody interested,

dlWdUr^Xt rS^TTTor^lZ JlS therefore, the idea seemed to be that noA-

did the trick; not real dividends in any hon- ing should be done unless it could safely bc

est application of that word to earnings, but trick brought about,
dividends-dividends tiiat stripped Uie enterprise 'j^^ conference adopted a set of resolu-

r/tl':::n.H.'"^dSJ:rb« r^^'riol*:; tlons. prepared by a committee representing

and that borrowed millions for dividends on the all classes in attendance and they reflect

top of the depletion. the sentiment of the conference very well

"Indeed, the whole transaction was a moral rj^^y ^^^ ^S follows:
crime-0 crime that robbed honest men and women ..^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ legisbtion as
of die accumuUtions of a lifeUme-a crime tiiat is interpreted by the courts, directed against the
not fully expiated either by arraigning before the ^j,^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ combinations and against rail-
bar of public opmion tiie men who got away with ^^^^ ^^^ beginning witii the interstate com-
tiie plunder. I arraign, as accessory before the ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ „g^ ^^^ ^^^ anti-trust act of 18»0.
fact, Uie people of the great sUte who. scrupu- ^ ^^^^ ^^^ .^^ conviction exists tiiat tiie ex-
lously honest in their individual dealings, issued ^^.^^^ ^^^ .„ ^^forcing these federal acts
to tiie projectors of this crune the ready made ^„^ ^^^ wcceedng tiiem demonstrates tiie ne-
corporate weapon witiiout^ which the crime could ^^^^^ ^^ legUlation which shall render more se-
not have been committed." ^^^ ^^ benefits already gained and better meet

A do-notiiing policy, added tiie speaker, should ^^^ changed conditions which have arisen during

DO longer be tolerated. He said he agreed witii ^ ,^,„^ ^^^ ^f .^j^ progress, both in tiic en-

the President tiiat the national incorporation of ^rcement of sUtute law and in tiie removal of

national enterprises should be one of Uie first ^^^^ ^^^^3^ .^ ^j^ management of railroads and

official steps toward the new industrial era. corporations. These changes now demanded are:

Finally the jurist touched on tiie depression and «i Immediate kgisUtion is required, follow-

unsteadiness in New York banking and stock j^ ^^ recommendation of President Roosevelt

circles. Under thU head he said: ^^^ the intersUte commerce commission permit-

"Should we do nothing about this problem for ^.^g agreements between railroad corporations on

fear tiiat conditions might be disturl)ed? It is reasonable freight and passenger rates, subject in

out of tiiis do-nothing policy tiiat tiie problem has ,„ respects to tiie approval, supervision and action

ris'm. But for tiiat license the corporation scan- ^f ^^ intersUte commerce commission,
dais that confront us would not have been. Had «2. jhe enforcement of the Sherman act and

the corporations been known trustworthy institu- ti,e proceedings under it during tiie administrations

tions. tiie wealth of the country, instead of being ^f PrcsidenU Harrison. OevcUnd, McKinley and

poured into Wall street, would have been ex- Roosevelt have accomplished great national results

pcnded elsewhere in tiie development of tiie coun- {„ awakening the moral sense of tiie American

try's industries— each community depending much people and in asserting tiie supremacy and majesty

more largely upon itself for the means of work- of the law, thus effectually refuting tiie impres-

ing out iu own development. aion that great wealth and large corporations were

**And had our development proceeded on such too powerful for the impartial execution of law.
lines the bank failures that have been startling us **Thi8 great advance has rendered more secure

for the last few days would not have occurred, all property righU, resting, as they must, under

for in nearly every instance such failure has been a popular government on universal respect for

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 1071

and obedience to Uw. But now that this work is porUtion charges paid, and selling prices of all
accomplished, it has revealed the necessity for such producing and manufacturing corporations
legislation which shall maintain all that the Sher* whose operations are laiige enough to have a mo-
man act was intended to secure and safeguarB in- nopolistic influence. This should be determined
terests it was never expected to affect. and decided by some rule and classification to be

"As the next step in execuUng the determina- devised by the commission already proposed,
tion of the American people to secure in all in- "4. The conflicts between state and federal
dustrial and commercial relations justice and authority raised in many states over railroad rales,^
equality of opportunity for all, with full sympathy being now under adjudication and under way
and loyal support for every effort to enforce the to a final and ultimate decision of the federal Su-
laws in the past, we urge upon Congress without preme Court, this conference deems the expression
delay to pass legislation providing for a non- of an opinion on these issues unfitting, and con-
partisan commission, in which the interests of capi- fidently leaves the great issue to a tribunal which
tal, of labor and of the general public shall be rep- for 118 years has successfully preserved the bal-
resented. This commission, like a similar com- ance between an indissoluble Union and inde-
mission which proved most successful in Germany structible states, defining the supreme and na-
in 1870, shall consider the entire subject oi busi- tional powers of the one, and protecting the sov-
ness and industrial combinations and report such ereign and individual powers of the other."

proposals as to the formation, capitalisation, man- jhe conference, of course, determined

agement and regulation of corporations (so far as ,. , ,

the same may be subject to federal jurisdiction) "^^^""fif- ^^^ value is not to be underestl-

as shall preserve individual initiative, competition mated, however, for it is reasonably cer-

and the free exercise of a free contract in all tain that OUt of the discussion will come

business and industrial relations. jh^ b^SlS for future legislation that Will

"Any proposed legislation should also include p^^^^^ ^^^^y ^^^^^^^ ^£ industrial opera-

modification of the prohibition now existing upon ^. ,, , .

combinations on the following subjects: ^'^^' ^\ ^e" as every one connected m any

"1. National and local organisations of labor ^^^^ ^'^^ **•

and their trade agreements with employers rela- As an evidence of the trend of sentiment

ting ta wages, hours of labor and conditions of ^^^g, ^^^ corporations toward a healthier

erap oymen . ... and fairer plan of operation, we quote from

"2. Associations made up of farmers intended ^.t_T^ -.^^t o. «

to secure a stable and equitable market for Uie ^ recent letter of the President of the Steel

products of the soil, free from fluctnations due to Trust to onc of his subordinates as follows :

speculation. "I think your effort should be to ascertain

"8. Business and industrial agreements or whether the business of your company, of

combinations whose object, are in the public in- ^.^^ ^^^ .^ ^jj y j^ conducted

terest as distinguished from objects determined to , , , , . , , .

be contrary ttf the public interest. properly, honestly and with due regard to

"4. Such commission should make a tiiorough the rights of all Others. If in any respect

inquiry into the advisability of inaugurating a yOU arC wrong yOU should get right and

system of federal license or incorporation as a keep right. Your methods of doing busi-

ness in every locality should be above re-

condition for the entrance of certain classes of

corporations upon interstate commerce and also # t/ i. lv /r • i • j

Into tiie relation to the public interest of the pur- proach. If the public officials are convinced

chase by one corporation of the franchises or cor- that your company is following the Standard

porate stock of another. q{ justice there will be no serious trouble."

"On no one of these subjects must what has t^ t_» j i • j t_ r

been gained be sacrificed until something better If this declaration produces no Other ef-

appears for enactment. On each this conference fect it ought tO bc of SOme gocd aS example

recognizes differences between good men. On all (q^ jf,^ other fellows who do not want tO

It asks a national nonpartisan commission to be ^i^., /^. T-t,^ a««,»^««;^., :« :^ i,^^^:^^

. , . ^ ' s. \. sj .u »• pl<iy fair. Ine expression is in keeping

appointed next winter to consider the question .!_, - ri.* uj

and report at the second session of the approach- With the tendency of the times to be good

ing Congress for such action as the national leg- before they are forced to be good or be put

UUture, in tiie light of this full investigation, may Q„t of business altogether.

*^!*' «M- ' ^ , ^ The wholesale ventilation of trust prac-

"8. The examination, inspection and supervision . . , . , , ~,

of great producing and manufacturing corpora- tices IS bearing gOOd results. The entorce-

tions. already begun by the Department of Com- ment of law is doing its WOrk toward en-

merce and Labor and accepted by these corpora- couraging public sentiment in the right di-

tjons, should be enlarged by legislation requiring, ^^^^.^^ ^^^ ^j^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ j^3 ^^ j„,

through the appropriate bureaus of the Depart- n . ^t.

ment of Commerce and Labor, complete publicity <lustry who have the courage to fly m the

ia the c^italixation* accounts, opermtiont, trana- face of it

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lora RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Old Age Pension For The Typographical Union.

The Journal entertains a high regard for partment for the aged members, a summary

the Typographical Union for the reason, of which follows:

among many others, that it has raised its "Age of eligible applicants — 60 years,

members to understand the spirit of sacri- "Continuous membership in the I. T. U.

fice that is absolutely necessary to carry on — ^20 years,

a progressive and aggressive organization. "Amount of weekly pension — $4.00.

It is no perfunctory compliment we pay "Source of revenue for fund— % of 1

to the Typographical Union. It is a de- per cent weekly assessment on earnings of

served tribute to an organization that has membership (estimated)— $168,000.

fought every inch of its way against the "Amount disbursed yearly (estimated)—

bitterness of the employer, the misunder* $104,000.

sunding of the public and the use of im- "Balance for sinking fund, administering

proved machines of every description. We and incidental expenses— $64,000.

know of no occupation that has had to meet "Qualifications of applicants are based on

more advances in trade conditions. If it twenty years' continuous membership for

had not made the fight in the beginning, members 60 years of age, who earn less

when the machine came in, stood for re- than $4.00 per week, in any one week, and

peated advances and shorter hours, paid the who have no other income or means of sup-^

assessments for every strike and kept its Port.

members who were out oi work until they The plan by a referendum vote of the

could get work, the printers trade today Union was adopted.

would be among the specialized industries For more than a year an average of ten

with wages at the lowest point. P^r cent of the wages of each Union printer

The trade is not particularly difficult to f work were paid ^^^ ^a^^^^" J[^^^^>«^*

learn. Like everything else, certain ones ^^^' ^ork day fight. About $3,000,000 was

are naturally fitted for it, and they will get ^o"^^*^^ ^^^ disbursed. The pension de-

the better positions. If it had not been for ^^^"^^^ ^»" ^ conducted m about the

the Union, the trade today would be one of ^^"^^ "^^""^^ ^« ^^^ collections. The propc

few good jobs and many poor ones. ^>*'^n submitted to the printers purposes to

„ , , • . bavc the International Officers place the

Say what we may about the pnnters, we ,. ^ - . al « r*

, ^. , ^ *^, ' applicants for pension on the rolls after

believe the strongest statement that can be ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ,^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^

made m their favor .s, that they have never ^^^^^^ j^, , ^ single ob)ec-

hesuated to pay assessments for progressive ^.^^ ^.„ ^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^

purposes. Their assessments have been g^^^j^^ Council before a favorable re-

heavy at times even to the pomt of being . u ^ j ^ *u «i;^ ♦r^- *^-

/ , . , • . J port can be made on the apphcation for
burdensome, but they have been borne, and

in the end every workman and workwoman ^'^hronly part of the plan that does not

has benefited to a greater degree than the ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ .^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ p^^.^^ ^^^ ^^

cost to them. ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^ ^j^^

Not many organizatwns will stand the expiration of the age limit A man might

strain of assessments, particularly when ^e making a trifle more than that and still

they keep coming for a year at a time. The ^^ ^^^ j^om enjoying a comfortable living,

printers have stood for them and their trade j|,g pension would assist greatly. If there

today tells the story of their devotion to ^^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^ypig ^^y^^^^ difference between

their principles. ^oxV and idleness many of the men would

At the recent convention of the Typo- take the pension and quit work,

graphical Union preliminary steps were We never did like a discriminating plan

taken for the inauguration of a pension de- of insurance of any kind. It ^""not^^ur.to

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 1073

invite idleness or indolence by offering re- Take the railroad men, for instance, with
ward. It is not fair to the man who can one train or yard man injured, annually, out
work to make him carry the burden all his of each eight emptoyed and one out of each
life without recompense. Equality of as- 133 employed killed annually, the proposi-
sessment and benefit is much the better plan tion would present greater difficulties in the
and if the man pays his assessments for a way of assessments. One man injured out
number of years then he ought to be en- of every eight employed is a terrible record-
titled to the same benefits as his less for- of industrial sacrifice, and as the injuries
tunate associate receives, who perhaps is vary in degree to the Ihnit of incapacity,
responsible for his own poverty and broken the pension plan for railroad employes
health. It is a question that frequently would be a costly one for the men because
comes up for decision in fraternal and co- it would have to include disability as well
operative associations and must be managed as old age. The better thing for railway
with a great degree of charity, but even men would be a government rule compell-
charity demands unfair concessions at times, ing the employer to pay the old age or dis-
But, this is a case for the printers to decide, abled employe a certain amount for the re-
Back of the plan is to be found a will- mainder of his days. That, however, is a
ingness on the part of the younger' men to remote proposition.

help the older ones ; there is a certainty that r^. ,. ......

• , -LI- t.* 1/ j^t. Th^ oW age pension is m effect m cer-

each member is helping himself and the ^ . « * . , . •

J . . , ^ . • 7 ^ 1 * ^u t2i>n European countries, but it has not got-

added advantages ought to appeal to the ^ , ^ , / * ^

• t ' .C^\ ■, ^^ ten beyond the stage of mquiry in this, and

good sense of every man m the trade who ,, . • u . . . . a i t.

* r*t.TT- J t^' s. ^ ^"2it ^^ "^t two states. As a rule, we have

is out of the Union and urge him to get . , '

jj^^ .. paid more attention to liability laws than

The' printers are favored by occupation ^^ ^^^^ *<> pensions. The printers have
that is not dangerous. Working under certain advantages in their occupation and
proper sanitary conditk)ns they have every greater ones in the education they have
reason to expect to work out nearer their given their members in the payment of as-
full term of years than many other trades sessments. The Journal entertains every
employes can hope to. good wish for the success of their venture.

Criminal Carelessness On The Part Of Railroads.

Under our laws, a person who commits have made employment in the transporta-

murder, and against whom the charge can tion service regarded as extra hazardous,

te proven, is punishable to the full extent but while the enforcement of the law has

of the law. A corporation, however, ap- appreciably diminished the deaths and acci-

pears to be immune from the operation of dents from certain causes, it appears that

the law that holds the individual criminal to they have been increased from certain other

its strictest provision. causes.

The latest report of the Interstate Com- We find that the heaviest increase is due

merce Commission, issued for the year to falling from cars and engines. There is

closing June 30th, 1906, shows a steady in- no question but what the reason for this

crease in the number of deaths and dis- increase is in the partial enforcement oi

abilities of the men employed in the train the Power Brake Law. It is a general

and engine service. practice to require men to do a certain

The adoption of the Safety Appliance amotmt of hand braking, and with the tr^n

Law was expected to do away with the partly equipped with air, the position of the

heavy list of deaths and disabilities that man who is compelled to JSofon the top of

1074

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

a moving train has been made more dan-
gerous than it ever was.

Another reason for deaths, that appears
to us to be the result of criminal negligence
on the part of a number of the companies,
is that of compelling men to go between
^ cars to chain them together. There may-
be times when this is absolutely necessary,
and its avoidance an impossibility, but we
believe in the majority of cases where
deaths have occurred through this reason,
that it was wholly unnecessary, and the
employer, or the person, who issued the or-
der, compelling the employe to perform the
service, should be held responsible for the
act.

The late Convention at Atlanta took a
decided stand against the practice, and by
resolution directed the Grand Master to
bring the matter to the attention of the
President of the United States.

In order to show the effect of the prac-
tice of chaining up cars, on our own or-
ganization, the following casualties are
herewith offered, which have occurred since
the beginning of 1907. They are as fol-
lows:

March 5/A.— William E. Toy, Lx)dge No.
572. Left hand caught in wire cable, used
to pull car, with defective coupler. Hand
amputated. Lackawanna Steel Co., Buf-
falo, N. Y.

Feb. 24th.— J. J. Ryan, Lodge No. ^
Crushed between engine and car, while try-
ing to unchain them. A. T. S. F. Ry.,
Dodge City Kansas.

March ^w/.— S. J. Hollis, Lodge No. 637.
Crushed while coupling engine to bad order
car. C R. L & R. Ry., Dalhart, Texas.

June Sth.—B. Andersen, Lodge No. 372.
Left hand amputated; coupling cars with
link and pin. Port Reading, N. J. P. & R.

Ry.

July 22nd.'-<^. D. Gunnells, Lodge No.
590. Crushed by two cars, chaining same
together. A, G. S. R. R., Bessemer, Ala,

June 22nd. — T. J. Homing, Lodge No.
26L Crushed between two cars chained to-
gether. Pennsylvania Co., Columbus, Ind.

July 2nd.'-T. J. Reilly, Lodge No. 659.
Crushed while uncoupling two cars chained
together. S. L. & S. R, Madill, Ind. Terr.

4^g. 7'*.— J. F. Loud, Lodge No. 343.

Crushed between engine and bad order car.
Maine Central R. R., North Maine Junc-
tion, Me.

April 30th,— C. R. Northcott, Lodge No.
489. Crushed between^ cars, on account of
defective coupling. S. L. & S. F. R. R.,
St. Louis, Mo.

June nth.— J, L. Burnett, Lodge No. 501.
Crushed between two cars chained together.
K. C S. R. R., Frierson, La.

March 4th.— J. H. Lauder, Lodge No.
110. Crushed between cars, making chain
coupling. P. V. & C. R. R., Wheeling, W..
Va.

April 20th.—], F. Foley, Lodge No. 307.
Crushed between bad order cars. Spokane
Falls & Northern, Curlew, Wash.

March ^</.— Allen Ziegler, Lodge Na
387. Crushed while trying to uncouple two
cars chained together. B. & O. R. R^
Philadelphia, Pa.

March I4th,-^F. F. Thorpe, Lodge No.
376. Crushed while chaining up car to en-
gine. C. of Ga. R. R., Macon, Ga.

Sept. 26th, — Earn Davison, Lodge No.
737. Crushed while chaining together two
bad order cars. Ohio Erie R. R., Garretts-
ville, Ohio.

Our members will not lose sight of the
fact that in performing a duty of this kind,
the employes are doing so by the orders of
their employers, who are held according to
the terms of the Employers' Liability BiU.

The law itself is waiting for final inter-
pretation at the hands of the Supreme
Court, and, if it is worth anything, every
case of the kind herein mentioned, prop-
erly comes under its jurisdiction. The re-
sponsibility of the employer is in no wise
diminished, because of the necessity for the
performance of this service, and if every
due precaution for safety is used by the
employe, we cannot see where there is any
reason why the protection of the law should
not apply in each instance.

It is to be hoped that our members will
pay strict attention to every case of this
kind, and take every precaution to insure
the prompt application of the law.

An idea of the merciless slaughter of our
railroad men can be easily gained if it will
be remembered in the beginning that for

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 1075

every 133 men employed there was one If there ever was an argument in favor

killed and for every eight men employed of the Employers' Liability Law the latest

there was one injured for the period cov- report of the Interstate Commission fur-

ered in the last report of the Interstate nishes it. No stronger case could be of-

Commerce Commission. If war were as fered than the death and disability rolls

dangerous as a job on the freight trains or that show there were 3,807 railroad men

in the railroad yards of this country there killed and 55,254 injured in the perform-

would be no need for long drawn out ance of their duty for the period covered

peace conferences to prevent it. by the report.

The death and disability rate is increas- Many of the injuries result in permanent

ing. There is a slight falling off in deaths disability and shut off all eammg capacity

and disabilities from coupling and uncou- of the injured. It is a terrible record of

pling cars but the losses from falling from death and injury that cries for redress and

trains overcomes the diminishing number of the strict application of every law enacted

casualties from coupling cars. for the protection of the men.

Strike — Huntingdon And Broad Top Mountain

Railway.

A strike was ordered at midnight, Oc- stabulary was brought to Saxton, Pa., to
tober 26th, 1907, on the Huntingdon and protect the new employes, and for the pro-
Broad Top Mountain Railroad, by the or- tection of the company. They were later
ganizations representing the Conductors, replaced by the coal and iron police, but
Firemen and Trainmen. at no time during the strike were their

As soon as the strike was ordered, the services needed,

members of the Brotherhood of Locomo- There were no overt acts committed by

tive Engineers, six in number, resigned the men involved in the trouble, and at no

their positions because they did not want to time during the strike was there anything

jeopardize their lives by working with the done that was contrary to the law, or that

new men. Out of one hundred and five would jeopardize order. The strike was

men employed on the line, one hundred the outcome of a request for better condi-

and four voted in favor of a strike to bring tions, made on July 6th, 1907. The com-

about increased wages and better working mittees were put off from time to time un-

conditions. til they were finally refused any conces-

The company was able to keep its pas- sions whatever. On October 31st, Brother

senger trains running with the assistance Hurley, Assistant Grand Chief Engineer

of two passenger engineers, one fireman, of the B. of L. E., arrived at Huntingdon,

one passenger conductor and four relatives Pa., and after going over the ground lead-

of the superintendent and general mana- ing to the strike, and learning the position

ger, who were in the passenger train ser- of the members of his organization, he

vice. sought an interview with Mr. Gagp, the

The freight traffic of the railroad was vice president and general manager. This

very seriously affected, and there never request was complied with by Mr. Gage,

was a time during the entire thirteen days and as a result the committees again met

of the strike when twenty per cent of the with him on November 7th.

normal freight traffic of the road was Before starting in on the negotiations

moved. The company secured a large num- leadmg up to a settlement of the strike, it

ber of men, two hundred at least, to take was arranged that every employe on strike

the places of the strikers. The state con- would be returned to the service and the

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1076 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

strike breakers dismissed. The question of their representatives, and they returned to

rates and working conditions were after- work. They have all expressed themselves

ward taken up, and at the conclusion of as being very well satisfied with the new

the conference, a splendid increase in wages agreement, and pledge their support to

was granted all of the men in the trans- carry out every part of their contract

portation service, and the hours were re- ^, . . ^^^.^ ^,^ . . ^^^
. , - ; . . ^ J -inc men on this system are to be con-
duced from twelve per day to ten and a ^ , ^ , . r , . r

. t£ rn, u >i I /^ 4.^. 4.U- ♦:«,^ gratulated on the successful outcome of

half. The new schedule computes the time , . ^

of the men from the time they are caUed ^^^'' ^^^^^«' ^°<^ ^^^ especially commended

for service. ^^^ ^^^^^ general loyalty to the cause they

At a meeting of the officers and commit- ^^ espoused. None of the men deserted,

tees, together with the employes, held at and all of them were returned to the scr-

Saxtop, Pa., on November 8th, the men vice in their original positions, without

agreed to accept the settlement made by prejudice.

A Rich Man s Reason For High Prices.

John V. Farwell, of Illinois, is supposed ^ In a letter to the Chicago Record-Herald
to have considerable money, he also has he said:

plenty of gratuitous advice to the people "The recent application by a mannfacttirer for

generally, for there are few subjects on «n injunction to restrain labor unions from boy-

Which he does not feel well able to set the <^*>*^« individuaU not belonging to their uniott.

. . , _ « « • «'t 11 A"<1 manufactories employing non-union labor wiU

rest of us right Frequently he is like all „^^ ^ „^^ ^^^^ .„ ^^^ „„.^„ j^j.^^,^ j^ ^^

the others of his kind who feel that be- couru hold that such action is legaL

cause thQT are money bilious every one «Thi8 nation was bom in an effort to restrain

else ought to have financial liver trouble, individual liberty and has grown to its present

Mr. Farwell is much exercised because «««»"!•<!« " •» "I"*"" -T"' '^ »««»»» "?'

maintaining that principle in governing men m
tbe prices of everything are so high. He every branch of its wonderful progress. It is
has the exact cause all laid down for us only within a few years that labor unions have
and it is because wages have been raised attempted to change this law of equal legal rights

so high that the prices of everything else ^^^ f '"*"! ^^^" ^f r*^* ^ *^^ '^^*^

^Y I.- citiren, by making rules to ignore every mairand

have to be brought up to the wage m- ^vcry industry not inclosed within their jurisdic-

crease, so the employer could live. tion, and this is today the greatest menace to our

Mr. Farwell tells a strange tale even for '"*""• progress.

him. He refers to the ten per cent of the ^ "^^^^^^ ^"1^ ^ ""^"?" ^,!^** f*^^^ ??^

, . , . , , » • "*■ "*« *" producing such national prosperity as ,

working people m the trade unions and ^^ have experienced in the past, before Ubor

then holds them responsible for the high unions were organized to dictate industrial regis-

prices of all living necessities because their lations, to find out the equity of their actions,

wages have been raised so high that the "All will agree without exception that in our

manufacturer has had to raise prices to free government the accumulation of capital wu

, « the initial basis of our rapid growth. No railroads

breal^ even. would ever have been built without it, combined

Mr. Farwell merely talks what he be- ^>tl» government aid, and without railroads the

lieves ought to be instead of saying, what ~""*^ ^"*, ^' ^^ Mississippi would stiU have

Tt . .^ X 1 • 1 t ^^^^ tenanted by the Indians, and east of it would

is. Prices are 40 per cent higher than i^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ .^^ ^^^ ^^

they were ten years ago and the average what they could raise, without any chance of sell-
increase in wages has been 17 per cent, ^ng any of their products. My father, as one of

which any one but Mr. Farwell knows *^»« »«"^«" o^ "«"«« ^ 18«8. J»»^ ^^ ««i*ri-

•«^»... « A:a^^^ ^ «r oo ^ *. • r *^"*^^» where land is now worth $100 an acre, whOe

means a difference of 23 per cent m favor ^^en only the most favored locations were taken
of the employers. up by settlers at $1.25 per acre.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 1077

"This derelopment of landed interests from articles for luxury or actual necessities, showing

$1.25 to $100 per acre was started by railroads conclusively what combinations of capiUl hare

and continued by ihe use of capital in the estab. done to reduce prices in the past,

lishment of factories for making all kinds of ma- "There are dishonest combinations of capital to

terials for satisfying human needs and Itaxuries, increase prices of all manufactured goods, and the

until now we are the richest nation on earth, and government is now prosecuting them to prevent

more men are employed, at better wages relative their continuance. l,ct the government prosecute

to population, than in any other country, although labor unions for the same purpose if private in-

ours is the youngest nation of any consequence dividuals fail in it, and we will see another epoch

on this globe. "» national progress worthy of the *land of the

"Liberty of conscience and liberty of brains '^ee and the home of the brave.'

and muscle account for these results. Labor "John V. Faiwell."

unions, which probably represent less than 10 per In his letter Mr. Farwell rattles around

cent of the labor of the United States by requir- jij,^ ^ i^nj^g ^j^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^

ing fewer hours and more money for a day s , i- • ' i. ., •

labor in large cities and large industrial plants ^^^^ CaP^^^l »« a living, breathing agent that

have increased the price of all manufactured Spreads its wings over certain territory

articles, and in doing so have increased the cost which immediately opens Up for settlement

of living for the common people-say 96 per cent g^d offers like advantage to all people

of the population, including themselves— as every „,;.i ^... *i, x • i. ^ ,

manufacturer who increases wages is compelled ^^^hout their turning a hand. It never

to raise the price of his products. occurs to him that back of every dollar

"Hence the common people and not the capt- of investment there were the Sturdy arm

tolists are the ones most interested in curbing and the active brain of labor without which

their influence for their own benefit. Thmk of ^he dollar would have rotted or rusted in

less than 10 per cent of laboring men assuming -. .^ ^ n ,

the power to boycott 90 per cent of it and all their '^^ impotency. He does not know that

employers, and hiring men to prevent their labor- without the sinews of labor and the capacity

ing in places where they have struck and left and to put those dollars of capital to work that

the public froxi patronizing their employers be- ^jg j^^j^^^.^ ^^^ ^^^j^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^

cause they employ non-uaion men, and this in a . * *i* x* -e •

country built up on individual liberty for every ^^^^ Civilization as if it were m the moon.

man to choose his own means of earning a live- He said that the unions represented less

lihood! than 10 per cent of all the labor of the

"Capital and l-^or «ire and always have been United States, yet this inconsiderable per-

interdependent, and the facts of the last twenty r i i! t. . «

years in labor strikes in attempting to rule capital rentage Of labor has increased the price of

have demonstrated that the country has suffered all manufactures, and in another paragraph

immensely, laborers especially, from not in some he declares that labor imions are for the

way compelling the abolition of the boycott by a ^^ increasing the wages of a few.

small fraction of our fellow citizens against capi- 1.. . * .

ul and the great majority of our citizens. "^^ argument IS a Strange mixture of con-

**This injunction case should receive the earnest tradictions, besed on his prejudices and Ig-

attention of the lawyers and judges, compelling norance.

labor unions to respect the rights of all instead _,

of the right of one-tenth of the labor of the ^hat ten per cent of all labor appears to

country to run its industries for their own benefit pOSSess wonderful abilities. It raises the

alone, without any regard for capital and the wages of a few and thereby increases the

great majority of the citizens^ and if/"rther leg- ^^^^ ^^ ^„ ^^Jucts, it secures increased

islation IS necessary the people should demand it, r iT ^ « • . 0

as the only guaranty that our free government ^^K^^ for the few and raises the COSt of

can longer exist for the benefit of all. living because of the increase of wages, and

"Honest combinations of capital are always just how this 10 per cent can do SO much

made to lower the price of their products, and ^„^j y^^ ^^^^^^t to SO little is not under-

thus competition works for the general good. ,

Labor combinations are for the purpose of in- *^"^ •

creasing daily wages of a few, which by these There is not much use in arguing with a

labor combinations have been trebled since I was ^^^^^^ ^f ^^j^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ g^,^ .^^^ j^

a young man by abolishing honest competition in ,,«,,- ^, - . ^i , «. ,

the labor market; while every manufactured ^^^ ^^"^ °^ ^^^ ^''^^ and the home of the

article of need or luxury has been decreased in brave" and fifty cents a day for the man

like proportion until labor unions, to increase who WOrks.

wages, made it necessary to increase prices. tt«.ii t^^iA ^ e ^* %

^e coat of cloth fo7 my clothing when I wa. ?« ^^^^^ ^^^"* ^.^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ t^^ people

a younrf man sixty years ago was three times what doing all these things and does not seem

it is today, as was the cost of all manufactured to be aware that he admits there are more

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1078 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL,

workmen who have not had their wages that the wages of the great majority arc the
raised than those that have. There is an same they were ten years ago. The cost
army of the unorganized who haven't re- of living is also shown as having advanced
ceived one cent advance in the past fifteen 40 per cent in that same time. It also shows
years. They are in the majority, they are all that wages were slightly ahead of prices in
workers, they have not raised prices. He 1906, but 1907 will not make any siich show-
overlooks entirely the increased production ing. This is prosperity for the capitalist
made possible by skill and machinery that and poverty for the worker. His prosperity
deserve higher wages. He admits that the consists in having work; the prosperity of
majority have had no wage increases, then, his employer is in his having the money,
how can he reconcile his theory of wages j^ ^^ ParweU's theory is correct why is
and prices with the fa^s even as he has ex- j^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ 1,;^,,^^ j„ ^^^ ^^.^ ^^
plained them, in the sn^aU towns ? It might be worth while

He refers to ^'honest" competition as if for him and his kind to acknowledge the
it existed among business men. He knows world-wide fact that wages always tend to-
there is no such thing, correctly speaking, ward the k)west point at which the worker
and if he does not he can read the papers will consent to live and wages are right
and learn all about it from the open admis- there now. If nothing fixed wrges but the
sions of guilt made before the courts, value of the product, without reference to
Where are the "lowered prices** to which the cost of living, they would always be
he refers? The people cannot locate them, easily fixed.

Of the cost of living there is much to The cost of living is higher in the city
say. Of the increased wages there is not than in the country, therefore, wages arc
so much. The most careful authorities can higher in the city.

not see where there has been an increase of Why do we fear cheap labor? Simply be-
more than 20 per cent in any given occu- cause it lives cheaply and drags all com-
pation in the last decade. There is no pctitive labor down to its living level. The
trouble for the consumer to figure out Jap works hard, long hours, spends Uttle
where prices have increased 40 per cent in money foolishly, but he is a cheap liver and
that time and they are going skyward every he threatens all of us with his standard of
month. living.

The most vital question before our pco- Let us take briefly from the Government
pie is how to live. This question affects reports what the real conditions are. There
everybody, but it affects the working man are about a million families averaging six
the most, for he has no time to waste, no and one-half persons to the family whose
surplus on which to fall back when work earnings reach $58.00 a month. There are
cannot be had. about 25,466 families living in this country

Every person who reads this knows how whose annual income reaches $751.34. These
much more he is paying for things now figures are composite and are made up from
than he did a few years ago, he also knows a limited number of families on which the
how much more he receives for his work, general estimate is based. If there is any
It \s true that our railroad readers have question as to the general average it is be-
profited to a greater extent than any other cause the earnings are based on work for
class of workers on this continent for our every day without taking out any work
increases in money have averaged close to ^^y^ ^or illness, injury or other causes. It
25 per cent or better in the past four years means work for every day.
and taking the preceding years into account What do these figures mean ? The house-
thcy have gone above 35 per cent, but of wife who spends the money knows it means
the others that much cannot be said, less good groceries and meat, less fruit.

But we need not present our facts, nor fewer clothes, less recreation, early employ-
Mr. FarwelFs idle chatter, on the question ment for the children, prohibitive prices
of wages and price to prove the case. The for almost every living necessity and an
Government pays attention to both mat- endless struggle between decency in life and
ters; and it has issued a report which shows a despairing, sodden cxistence-^drag«df

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

1079

through ceaseless toil until the end comes in
the charitable institution.

This is not the story of the very poor. It
is the tale of the brain and brawn of the
American workman who has not found a
wage increase because he retained his "lib-
erty of conscience, his independence, his
freedom from the tyranny of labor unions"
and all that sort of thing that is going to
secure a crown of glory for him as soon as
the employers can get together and agree
on the design. It might be appropriate
right here to suggest a long eared "hee,
haw" with the oats just out of reach, set in
a beautiful background of green lemons.

We have been treated to all sorts of argu-
ment on this question, but it remained for
Mr. Farwell to set us exactly right There
arc any number of persons who are inter-
ested in the subject who do not come within
Mr. Farweirs class.

What it costs to live within the meaning
of the American standard is the great ques-
tion. Authorities differ but none of them
says that it is less than the figures fixed by
the Government.

Mr. Arthur 15. Reeve recently wrote for
The Independent on this question. He in
part said:

Last year five prominent social workers came
together in New York, and, after fixing on a typ-
ical family of man, his wife and three children
under earning age, the result of their calculation
was that $981 was the minimum wages that such
a man must earn to support his family decently;
$8.10 a day for 800 working days.

The question was then submitted to sixteen
other social workers in close touch with actual
cheap living conditions. One group of six com-
bined in averaging their estimates, and the re-
sult was placing the figure at $942 a year. The
other estimates were $768 (two estimates), $879,
$900, $901, $986, $1,078, $1,894, $1,403 and $1,449.
It will readily* be seen that a reasonable average
of these estimates is $930 a year as the cost of a
normal standard of living of such a family in
New York City.

New York City is by no means the only city
which is investigating the cost of living at the
present time. It has been calculated for Chicago
by investigators at $900, by New Orleans investi-
gak>rs at $1,000, and by Philadelphia investigators
as low as $600, the difference arising through the
inclusion of iten^ like insurance, savings, vacations,
reading and other "cultural** expenses in the
higher estimates and not in the lower. The
standard of living fixed in Philadelphia was an
exceptionally low standard and one probably
more closely resembling a sub-normal standard

than any of the others. These were tH for fam-
ilies of six persons.

One of the latest of these investigations is
that of Baltimore, which has resulted in the con-
clusion that $750 a year is the minimum amount
required by a family of six persons. Thb in-
vestigation was made by the Maryland Bureau of
Statistics, which has just issued a report. This
report places the figures thus:

Rent $180

Market and groceries 864

Clothing 86

Insurance IS

Amusements and incidentals 10

Doctor and medicines SO

Carfare 80

Coal and light 86

Total $748

Of course, these figures give no luxuries, nor
do they provide for much holiday in siunmer or
winter. The item of rent is as low as it could
possibly be placed and carries the family out
into the suburbs, necessiuting carfare to and
from work. Says the report:

"Baltimore is cheaper to live in than either
New York or Chicago, but even so the living on
$748 a year would be nothing to boast of when
we consider the thousands who are living on
much less."

It is interesting to note that the average of
these estimates by twenty-eight different people
in various parts of the country is about $988.
This figure can in no sense be offered as any-
thing more than a shrewd guess at a decent cost
of living, but as such it tends to show that to
maintain a minimum "American standard, ** of
which our oratorical political economists profess
themselves so proud, it is necessary for the wage-
earner of a family group of five or six to earn
about $940 a year, $3.13 a day during 800 days.

Among the causes for the increase in the cost
of living some weight must of course be given
to the great increase in the production of gold
in recent years. Thirty years ago the world's
stock of this precious metal was only $1,600,-
000,000; today it is more than $6,000,000,000.
Since 1875 the increase has been more than three
times as great as the entire stock in hand in that
year. Last year the production was more than
$400,000,000, and it is likely that that average
will be equaled for the next twenty years at
least

But the only effect that can properly be ascribed
to this factor is that of a general leveling up of
prices and a steadying of the markets of the
world. The laboring man suffers, if anything,
since the benefit reaches him after a gradual pro-
cess of filtering down through the other mediums
of production and exchange, and is likely to be
delayed a decade before landing finally in his
hands. As a matter of fact, the problem remains
about where it was as regards the relation of the
different human factors.

We find ourselves forced to conclude that there
has been such an increase in the cost of living
that the average of $938 in 1906 Uequivaleot to

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1080

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

$670 in 1896. To buy now what $1 bought in
1896 |1.40 is required. Assuming, for the sake
of argument, that the wage scale of 1896 was
such as to furnish the workman with an adequate
standard of living, the question ilow arises: Is
the American workingman, whether of hand or
brain, receiving $1.40 today for the same work
he received $1 for in 1896?

It is true that among large numbers of work-
ingmen there has been an increase in wages rang-
ing from 6 to Hyi per cent during the past year,
with the greater number probably at 10 per cent.
But do these increases, taken together with the
increases received at various times during the
past decade, counterbalance the 40 per cent in-
crease in the cost of living? The increase in in-
come has been first of all in the incomes of the
organized bodies and capiul and labor. An in-
crease, smaller without doubt, has taken place in
the wages of unskilled . and skilled labor that is
not organized, for these are the people that feel
the effect of good or hard times first of all, being
on the firing line so to speak. But the smallest
increase of all has been among the workers of
the middle class, unorganized, whose affiliations
and tastes are with the capitalist and whose in-
terests are in reality more closely allied with or-
ganized labor — the great mass of people between
the upper and nether millstones of organised labor
and organized capital.

Mr. J. G. Schonfarber, who made the Maryland
investigation, points out:

"It will be easily found that if there has been
any increase of wages approximating anything like
the cost of living it has been mainly in those
trades which were thoroughly organized and
could by ntmierical force and combination -enforce
their demands, and this is true, because all the
newspaper reports of the increases of wages have
been in the railroads and building industries, etc.
We know that all these wage increases were
among organized railroad hands, textile workers,
or building trades mechanics. But as far as sales-
men, for instance, are concerned, as indicative of
men with fixed salaries, there was neither an in-
crease in the yearly earnings nor a proportionate
decrease in the hours of work."

Probably the only test of the general rise, if
any, in the money wages level in the country is
furnished by the statistics of the railroads. Un-
fortunately, even the few statistics on this sub-

ject are usually over a year old by the time they
reach the public But according to Moody's Mag-
asine the general rise since 1896 has been about
20 per cent fof railroad men.

"As about half of the employes of railroads
consist of skilled and about half of unskilled
labor, a»d also about hall of organized and half
of unorganized labor, it is safe to assume that
the average rise of money wages of railroad em-
ployes is a fair average for the whole country.
This being true, it would appear that money
wages will not now average more than 20 per
cent higher than they averaged ten years ago."

The problem that faces America in the year of
grace 1907 is of this difference between 20 ptr
cent wages and 40 per cent cost of living above
those of a decade ago. Agitation, investigation,
commissions, and income and inheritance tax sug-
gestions all have to do in reality with the ques-
tion who is getting the "rake-off." The lesson
of production we have learned and learned well,
we have yet to learn the lesson of distribution.
That is the cause of a growing discontent when
trade returns seem to show on the face of the
figures an era of unheard-of prosperity. Pros-
perity matters little to the great middle-class con-
sumer, however, when he gets the idea that he
is paying the cost of it, and not receiving his
proportionate share. That is the dark side of
good times — ^the problem: Who is paying for
prosperity?

With all courtesy to Mr. Farwell, the
matter can be summed up :

Living increased 40 per cent

Wages increased 17 per cent

Employers* gain 23 per cent

If Mr. Farwell can reduce the cost of liv-
ing 23 per cent we will listen to him.

He does not understand that the standard
of living has gone back for the millions who
have not received increased wages. Living
standards depend on wages, not wages on
living standards, although acquaintance with
better things will encourage men to demand
them, and when they possess sufficient pow-
er to enforce their demands, by refusing to
work for wages that will not insure them.

A Careful Decision In Favor Of The Safety
Appliance Law.

Judge Thomas C. Munger, in the District ied a decision in a case of the kind in a
Court of the United States for the District long time.

of Nebraska, rendered a decision against First, the Judge held that the law meant
the ''Burlington" that contained as good, if just as it read and did not mean that Con-
not the best, reasoning that has accompan- gress left the full interpretation of its in-

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN S JOURNAL. 1081

tent to the court The Judge accepted the "« •» include knowledge u an element of

spirit and letter of the law as meaning that **« »""•«, "•"»' ";!"« ^ ^"^} '» **

mind of the cnftcting body and its onuS'
the law was in eflFect all the time and not ,io„ ^„ intentional in order that this
out of operation between stations, as cer- sUtute might induce such a high degree of
tain railway companies have contended ««'« *n<l diligence on the part of the rail-
when injuries have resulted, because of de- l^^ company a. to necessiute a change in
. . , ... the manner of inspecting appliances, and to
fects m equipment that were not remedied p^^^^^ ^^e lives and safety of employes
at inspection stations or that occurred along from accident due to a defective appliance
the road. *^^^ ** *^ designated in this act

Defective appliances are defective where- statbmbnt op facts.
ever they are found and if the law means The Interstate Commerce Commission lodged
anything it certainly means to protect the ^»di the United Sutes attorney information show-
train and yard men against such defective j?« :!^^'Tv''l'^" wfety appliano. law by the
,. — « . . . Chicago, Burlington and Qmncy Railway Com-
apphances. There are many deaths and ^^^^ T^ere were two petitions, one alleging, the
injuries sustained each month because of hauling of a car with a defective coupler, and
men being forced to go between cars, or ont alleging the hauling of two cars with defec-

under them, to chain them up, to repair '^^ '*''?i'" f^^ °"* "*' "'"^a ^^^'L^^

' . , ^ «• holds. The petitions were consolidated. Defend-

damaged couplers, air hose and appliances ,„^ ^^ ^^^ ^„j^, „ ^^ ,„ ^j^^ ^^^^ ^^

and, in many other ways, defective appli- at the trial offered evidence to show due diligence

ances cause death and injury. ^n inspection and repair of the cars alleged to be

Another question that meets with our full ***!!f*^^** . ^ tt .. ^ c. .

. . , • 1. J CharUs A, Cou, United Sutes attorney, and

approval is the one accompanymg the de- £.^,^ j^ ^^,,^ ^^, ^ssisunt United States

cision on the "height of draw bars." This attorney, for the United States,

is a question that generally has not been Crgen & Breckenridge, for defendant

agreed upon. There has been argument as (October 6, 1907.)

to when the measurements should be made, Thomas C Mungbs, District Judgt (charging

that is, whether the height should be taken i«ry):

when the car was loaded or when it was ^^ **>« ^ «<>'',?" ^^ ^^ P*^« ^^ P"*

^ ^ - , . . • i« J a. al sented motions asking that the jury be peremp-

empty, areful opinion mchned to the no- ^^^^ in^ructed. and I have considered the re.

tion that the measurements should be taken quests and have concluded peremptorily to in-

when the car was empty and that it should struct the jury on each count in the petition,

not vary when loaded beyond the standard ^^he facts showing a vielation of the act of

£ • - . . . ^^, • ^1. ij L Congress relating to safety appliances are suffi-

fixed by the act Otherwise, there would be ^j^„, ^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ .^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^

no fixed standar^ of measurement. The vided it is not necessary that the carrier shall

Judge was not so particular as to that but knowingly offend against the statute. If the

he did decide that the maximum as given in ^^^^ declares an offense whether the act de-

the law was the maximum difference at all "T?J* ^\^ "'*'"-' '»i".°T«*'' committed or

not, then the case is sufficient upon the undis-

times and that is good enough for us. p^ted evidence to require a verdict in favor of

The Judge decided that the law was ope- the &)vemment.

rative all the time and whether the em- There u considerable contrariety of opinion

ployer knew of the defect or not he was ^^''^'' .^ ,^»^r*"* r*"^^.?* *^ .^ ^'T'

... , , _. . ... construction of this act in decisions arising under

responsible to the law. This decision .^ j ,,3^^ ^^^^^ .^^ conclusion that knowl-

should go to help out the standing of the edge b not an element of the offense under the

employe in cases brought for injury under statute. The chief purpose of the act of Con-

the provisions of the Safety Appliance Act ^^ " pronounced by the various courts that

_^ _ . , . ^ « . t . . have passed upon it, was the protection of the

The JouHNAL is pleased to be able to give ,.^^, ^^^ ^^^ ^^^,^ ^^ j,,^ ,,,j„ „^ ^h^ h^^^

the decision in full. It reads: occasion to pass between the cars or to work

UNITED STATES vs. CHICA(50, BURLIN(;- in and about them, and the act shou!« be con-

TON AND QUINCY RAILWAY COM- strued so as to give this intent full force

PANY. if such a construction can be given to the act

(In the District Court of the United States for without doing violence to the language. Any

the District of Nebraska.) other construction than this requires not only that

SYLLABUS BY THE couiT. the Carrier should fail to have the cars properly

1. Knowledge is not an element of an offense equipped, but also that the defect should have

under the Safety Appliance Act The fail- existed for such a length of tinufiit^^puld rea-

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1082

RAILROAD T^iAINMENLS JOURNAL.

sonably allow the pretumption of inspection and
notice on the part of the carrier. That interval
would then depend upon the verdict of the jury
in each instance — in some cases it might exist
only for an hour; in other cases it might exist
for days, or for a sufficient number of hours to
move from one inspecting station on the railway
to another inspecting station. No relief is pro*
vided during that period of time» and we wo\ Id
have to place this construction upon the act:
That Congress did not intend to protect the lives
and provide for the safety of a train crew during
such period as the jury would find would be suf-
ficient for the company in the ordinary method of
doing business to discover and remedy this de-
fect. This seems to me an unreasonable construc-
tion. If the offense that is specifically charged
here depends upon its being knowingly commit-
ted, it would seem that under each section of this
act, in order to render a railway guilty of non-
compliance, such an offense should be knowingly
committed, and that leads to what seems to me
an absurdity. For instance, the fifth section of
the act requires that the standard height of the
drawbar above the top of the rails is to be fixed
at a certain distance, from which distance a &ax>
imum variation is allowed. Now, then, if the act
is not violated, when there is a variation within
that maximum distance, then it would appear that
if there is an additional variation of another
inch, or S or 8 inches, not knowingly allowed,
and there has been ordinary care and diligence
used, no offense is committed under this act. By
the same process of reasoning under section two
of the amended act, it would not be a violation
of the law to have less than the designated per-
centage of cars operated by power brakes, but

such leas percentage must be known to tlie com-
pany.

I find upon an examination of the opinions dted
in the argument that there have been decisions
by a number of courts, all holding, in effect, that
knowledge and diligence are not ingredients of
the offense. (United States v. Southern Ry.
Co., 185 Fed., 122; United States v. C. M. & St.
P. Ry. Co., 149 Fed., 107; United States
V. G. N. Ry., 150 Fed., 220; United
Sutes V. S. P. Ry., 154 Fed., 807; United
States V, Atlantic &c Ry., decision by Judge Pur-
nell. May 11, 1007.) While the decision in the
case of the United States v. A. T. & S. F. R. R.,
150 Fed., 442, to the contrary, is recent, and a
very able decision to the contrary, yet it seems
to me that Congress having the power to make
certain acts an offense regardless of knowledge,
and having failed to make knowledge an element
by express words in this act, it must have been
within the contemplation of Congress that acci-
dents were liable to occur between stations and
for some time before repairs could be made, and
that therefore the failure to include knowledge
as an element of the offense must have been pres-
ent in the mind of the enacting body. Its omis-
sion was intentional in order that this statute
might induce such a high degree of care and dili-
gence on the part of the railway company as to
necessitate a change in the manner of inspecting
appliances, and to protect the lives and the safety
of its employes provided the accident occurs from
a defective appliance such as is designated in thia
act.

And for these reasons the jury will be perem-
torily instructed to return a verdict for the Gov-
ernment on each count of the petition.

Things Doing.

Section 25, Bill of Rights of Oklahoma

— ^ • . ^ intends to do away with the
Hot lajimotion . . ^. .. i '^

OoTmflMnt. >njuncUon as a part of its

government It reads:
"The Legislature shall pass laws defining
contempts and regulating the proceedings
and punishment in matters of contempt;
Provided, That any person accused of vio-
lating or disobeying, when not in the pres-
ence or hearing of the court, or judge sit-
ting as such, any order of injunction or
restraint, made or entered hy any court or
judge of the State, shall, before penalty or
punishment is imposed, be entitled to a trial
by jury as to the guilt or innocence of the
accused. In no case shall a penalty or pun-
ishment be imposed for contempt until an

opportunity to be heard is given," (Sec 25,
Bill of Rights.)

This is the first instance of the kind in
this country and it ought to assist in form-
ing a national law covering the same
ground.

In labor disputes, particularly, the injunc-
tion has been made to take the place of the
common law whenever the employer wanted
to do something that did not find warrant
in the law.

There has not been a single injunction
granted in advance of a strike, to restrain
it, that was not set aside on hearing and as
the right of employes to work or not to
work has been established there is no rea-
son for permitting the courts tocontinuc to
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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

10S3

step in and order men to work when they
know they are doing so to their disadvan-
tage.

We hope that Congress will do some-
thing to protect employes from the unfair-
ness of the courts that show a too ready
disposition to interfere with their acknowl-
edged rights as citizens and employes.

If there is one thing that always makes

us want to swing a stuffed
TheHc^Air: j j, ^^^ ^^^^ of ^

Hobo. , , ^

man it is when that same

opens his face to ask us: "What has the
Brotherhood done for me? Tell me, and
after you do certain other things to my
liking I will join, etc." Don't it gripe you?

Twenty years ago, in the days of our
first settlements, such a . question was
enough to make an energetic Brotherhood
man hump his back like a mad cat and say
sharp things to the mental, and otherwise,
degenerate who sought to drag oflF every
dollar the Brotherhood had secured for
him and, accepting it like a back door bum,
beg the question of what the Brotherhood
had done while fingering the money its
committees had secured for him and refused
to become a part of the organization that
worked and paid for what he received in
wages and better conditions. And now
with so much more done for him his ques-
tion is doubly aggravating because we know
he knows the answer.

There is excuse for a few men when
they do not get into the Brotherhood, but
not for many of them. There is not one
man in a million who stays out of it be-
cause he does not believe in it. He does
believe in it and he proves it every day he
works under conditions it creates and
maintains for him.

It is the man who does not belong who
finds the greater part of the fault with
what the organization has not done; it is
he who is the first to ask what the com-
mittee has done and where he will come in
on it; it is the self same hobo who reviles
the failures and accepts without thanks the
good things that come to him and who
when asked to become a part of the or-
(^nizi.tion gets out of it by asking the silly

question : "What has the Brotherhood done
for me?"

If the Brotherhood could do just one
thing every skulker would run his legs off
after an application and fight for member-
ship. It is this. Let the wage increases
that have been secured through the influ-
ence of this Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen be paid to road and yard men
only who are members of the Brotherhood.^
That would show up a lot of cheap critics
who would receive about a dollar and a
half for sixteen hours* work, pr more, with
all their privileges and rights gone from
them. Imagine, then, one of the indepen-
dent, "never did nothin*" fraternity stand
off to ask what the Brotherhood had done.
Tut, and then some. You couldn't keep
him out of the Brotherhood with a rapid
fire gun.

.\\\ non-air men are not this kind, how-
ever, for some of them are waiting to be
asked to come with us. Ask them yourself;
we need them.

This is an excellent time for every mem-
. ber of this Brotherhood to

S^^t^y ^^^"^ determinedly for what
he has secured in the past
in wages and working conditions.

The panic, we hope, will be only tem-
porary, but right now the money market is
frost bitten and the future will need to have
time to settle down to its old time steadi-
ness and confidence.

There was too much of a good thing for
certain persons who were not satisfied to
get along with it and they had to crowd it
by dishonest methods until confidence gave
way and the demand for ready money dem-
onstrated how little of it there really was
to be had in a pinch.

But, confidence is reassured and it is ex-
pected that in a short time prosperity will
again resume work where it left off and
that business will be the better for the tem-
porary flutter that scared the market closer
to destruction than it has been in fourteen
years.

There is never a time when money be-
comes tight, but that certain fearful cap-
tains of industry commence to retrench by
shortening hours, reducing wages and oth-
Digitized by vIjOOQIC

10S4 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

erwise lending their full assistance to me to account While I worked for my-

complete the ruin commenced. self, I had to work for them, whether or

We do not feel that there is much occa- no. Today, retired from active business,

sion for apprehension on our part over the retired, that is, from business for myself,

question of retrenchment, and all that goes the capital I have invested makes work for

with it. but if the idea should take hold of thousands and opens opportunities for

certain managers that the times offer ex- thousands of others to place their savings

cuses for adding to the demands now made profitably.

on their men or of cutting off certain things "No man with money can escape this re-

that have been secured in late years, it will sponsibility, or loosen this yoke from his

be well to meet immediately such proposi- neck. We are servants, and not masters, we

tion with an emphatic refusal to accept any- who are or have been engaged in large busi-

thing of the kind. ness affairs. It is to our vital interest that <

When business is at a standstill, or when the country prosper, that the people prosper,

capital is fearful of investment, the best They can destroy us, or our business, or at

that labor organization can do is to retoin least destroy our power of serving them,

what it has gained when business was good. We would probably suffer the least Tlie

The Brotherhood purposes to do this to the richest man can eat but three meak a day,

fuU extent of its abiliHes, at the same time and it does not take a fortune to dress very

it will be advisable to bear in mind that ^«." '^^^^^' ^F ^o provide real luxury in

wages rarely advance on a falling market "^*"fif' .

caused by business suspension, temporary "^f imagine that Mr. Rockefeller has the

or otherwise ^^^ * *" misplaced. The people sure-

* ly have paid well for the ride John D. has

given them and, at best, the majority of

For years it has been impossible to get them have not been in the cart, but under it
Fnhli ^^' ^^^^^^"^'' ^^ ^ay ^"y" This obligation of the workman to his
Howe. ^^^"^ ^^^ publication. After employer who invests his money sounds
Judge Landis' decision he amateurish. If it had not been for the work-
become quite talkative, but his talk was men there would be no Standard Oil Com-
what might be expected from a "great pub- pany to assess $29,000,000 for breaking the
lie benefactor" who feels that he has not law that was passed to give every shipper
been fairly understood by the public, he the same rate. Mr. Rockefeller's Company
loves and for which he works. has given the little competitor a rough ride

First be it understood he bears no malice, in the cart The rest of us have had

which all things considered is very kind of to pay for transportation in the same cart

him. Why he should bear malice does not and have not ridden it. We furnished the

appear. road.

In an interview at that time he said: The threat at the end of the quotation

"I am harnessed to a cart in which the shows the teeth of the business man who
people ride. Whether I like it or not I must has had his own way so long that he can-
work for the rest I cannot evade this re- not brook interference even from his govem-
sponsibility if I would. But I do not com- ment The working people will starve soon-
plain of this, I am willing to draw jny share er than their employers. The workmg peo-
of the load as long as I am able. pie in this country have different ideas about

"The first step I took meant obligating starving by order of the employer and it

myself to workingmen who henceforward does not agree with that of Mr. Rockefeller

looked to me for employment, and investors either.

who put in their money and looked to me No workman wants to destroy business,

for results. At every step forward the load No one desires to hamper honest invest-

was heavier. The workingmen numbered a ment The real objection to its methods is

few score at first, then a few hundreds, then that every workman knows as he works

thousands. There was a similar increase for wages he must not only create suffi-

in the number of investors who could hold cient to pay fair dividends on^he i loney

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

1086

invested in the business, but that he must
make enough to pay returns on printed
certificates that represent no investment
other than the cost of printing. He works
to make money for a real dollar and must
also do as much for an imaginary dollar
that has never been in the business at all
In fairness we might say that Standard Oil
has not been seriously accused of watering
its stocks.

Suppose the employer paid his workmen
the regular rate per day and then paid his
shadow an equal amount? Just imagine the
result in financial circles. That is what it
means to the workman "who owes his life
to his employer because he invested his
money."

For a quiet person Mr. Rockefeller talked
quite some. In another interview he said:
"The present policy of the administration
spells disaster. Confidence is the basis of
everything material. Unless there is pub-
lic confidence in business affairs we are lost
as a nation. We are not growing con-
fident as a nation, but are proceeding in the
other direction."

How can there be public confidence in
business when the business managers de-
mand that violation of a law, establishing
equal rights for all, be accorded to them?
What degree of confidence can the public
have in a criminal who defies the laws and
does it by saying it is for the public good?
Referring to the unloading of stocks
following the decision of Judge Landis, Mr.
Rockefeller said:

"The world already has a foretaste of it,
since an extreme penalty imposed upon one
corporation with a limited number of share-
holders, so to speak, has caused a loss of
confidence reflected in a falling stock mar-
ket, a tightening of money, a fear of the
future. Your newspapers are full of this
slump and of the fetling of unrest. They
ascribe it to only one thing. What will
be the effect when similar action is taken
against the corporations with m3rriads of
stockholders scattered throughout the entire
country, the investor of moderate means,
the widow and the orphan? There can be
but one answer.

The present situation will be intensi-
fied many fold It does not require an ex-

pert to reason that out. The most super-
ficial thinker can do it"

Mr. Baer introduced the widow and or-
phan to us several years ago. His de-
fense was about the same as Mr. Rocke-
feller's but it was not taken very seriously.
Men of the age of 80 usually are orphans,
some of them are bereft much earlier. Of
the widows we cannot say but when one of
them has the forsight to get her coin into
Standard we take it that the rest of us need
not worry about her getting along.

His entire argument is, "what the In-
vestor does is right." If he breaks the law
he has that right and if stocks tumble be-
cause he must obey the law, like the rest
of us, business interests are going to suffer.
And, furthermore, if he wills it they do suf-
fer. What a splendid tribute to the law-
abiding manager of a corporation. Public
demand is not against stocks, it is for the
right of every business to live.

When this money panic is over the stocks
will be back in the same places from which
they floated when the stringency came on.
They sell today and come back tomorrow,
each time at a profit to the original owner.
The earning value of the stock is there all
the time unless the big fellows overreach
and really suspend business to make their
play good.

The end of the argument of the head of
the Standard is all found in his statement,
"The Standard Oil Company is in no dan-
ger, for it has done no wrong." Fortunately
for the business interests of the country
outside of the trust, his decision is not
accepted. When a criminal is caught with
the goods he seldom protests his innocence
That, again, is where the Standard is dif-
ferent

• While the strike on the Colorado and
Southern was in progress, a
Seho Of passenger on a D. & R. G.
The Striln. train at Helper, Utah, threw
off an empty paper bag,
which evidently had been used to cover a
D. & R. G. lunch counter sandwich. Wheth-
er e7.ting the sandwich, or brooding over
conditions, generally, made the passenger
exceptionally pessimistic, we do not know.

At any rate, something inspired him to
write on the bag as follows :/*Y'ou railroad
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1086 RAILROAD TRAIl^MEN'S JOURNAL.

men, who go on strike to raise your pay, been renewed, and the wages of tlie infer-

don't know when you are well off. We, the ior employes have been increased by over

traveling public, are now taxed to the four hundred thousand dollars. There are

breaking point for a railroad lunch, mile- about one hundred thousand employes, who

age, and storage of baggage, while you are paid yearly salaries as follows :

brakemen get as high as fifteen hundred Engineers .. .. $540.00

dollars a year, for work that requires no Conductors 420.00

special schooling, and no experience to Switchmen 360.00

learn. Go out on a ranch if you don't like Signahncn 140.00

your job; be a farm hand and get away (with lodgings.)

from your trbubles! But, no, you won't do Each employe receives two weeks' vaca-

that because you have a snap, and you *'0"» ^>^ P^y-

know it But, your union is a greedy op- I" addition to improvement in wages and

timist, a trust, a monopoly of labor, and is operation, the government reduced its

now opposing all the people, and that alone charges for passenger transportation from

has raised the cost of living. Now, cuss! ^orty to sixty per cent; freight charges wiU

You can't change it." ^^^ ^ towered, and, m every respect, gov-

This is a rather severe jolt from a pas- cmment ownership of railways in Italy

senger, and we attribute the ill feeling to promises to be a vast improvement over the

the effect of the lunch counter sandwich. d"al arrangement of government ownership

If the sufferer does not approve of the and corporation management
American brakeman, and his ambition to live

well, he should have traveled over the Colo- There is no longer concealment of the

rado and Southern when they were using Tipmiin unrest in the Indian Empire.

Japa'nese and Mexican brakemen. A^tatioa Ia The information is given

— India. unreservedly to the effect

Government ownership of railways in that an uprising may be k)oked for in the

^ ^ Italy is somethhig of a new very near future, and that when it comes,

oSiSS!* venture, so far as their op- >* will be due in a great measure to the

^^ eration is concerned. Up to agitation of the Japanese who have been

within two years ago, the lines were gov- eoing through India calling attention to the

emment owned and leased to private com- ease with which the subjects of the Mikado

panics, but the results in management were defeated the Russians, and impressing on

so disastrous that the government took the their minds the fact that the Asiatics are

roads over to itself. ^y ^^ means inferior to the Europeans.

Prior to this time, the roads were (he The public press of India is very open in

laughing stock of the worid. Trains were its references to the time being opportune

never on time; cars were small, and poorly ^ot throwing off the yoke of the English

kept Every dollar of earnings was turned government It is to be sincerely hoped that

into profit by the companies, with the re- all of this is mere rumor, and not an indi-

suit that the lines suffered, and the em- cation of the real situation, but the press

ployes were poorly paid. ^^ the country can be supposed to express

The government will be compelled to put the sentiment of a majority of the people,

more than one hundred millions into their It is another evidence of the impossibility

railroads, within the next two years, and it of a civilized people governing a semi-civil-

is estimated that within the next ten years, «ed nation by civilized methods. On this

more than two hundred millions will have subject we quote from The Literary Digest:

to be spent to bring the roads up to a fair ^"?^^ sUtcsiaen are becoming alarmed at the

, . j*x* '^t . f growing spirit of disaffection in India, and ea-

workmg condition. The gross returns for p^.^„y j„ ^^^ ,^^ ^^^ p^^^j,^ ^^ ^^^^

the first year of government ownership and Bombay, and the Punjab. The very teachings of

operation exceeded those of the last year of British schools and colleges in India have instilled

private management by eight million dollars. ^« •enriment of naHonalism into their Hindna-

xu* «»^..a:.^ ^r j.t. i« 1. 1. i tanee pupils. The native press issues pamphlets

The operation of the hues has been great- ,„d ^^^^ joamalistic paragraphs which \!« quite

ly improved, much of the rolling stock has in accordance wiUi Uie Anglo-Saxon^ prindplcp

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

1087

freedom of the pre«s. And now the English
Colonial O&ce is awakening to the fact that the
lion's cub of Aeschylus has at last attained his
strength. He was fostered as a pet, given the
full range of the house, taught the rules of pro-
priety, and now threatens to become a beast of
prey, rending and wasting the domain which he
has hitherto occupied under a master. The spirit
which today is abroad in India fully carries out
this Greek simile. As disclosed in the utterances
of the native press, Hindustan is becoming ripe
for revolt. The Yugantur (CalcutU) says to its
readers that "revolution is the only way in which
a slavish society can save itself; ... if you can
not prove yourself a man in life, play the man in
death. Foreigners have come and decided how
you are to live. But how you are to die de*
pends entirely upon yourself.**

The same newspaper, a native incendiary organ,
thus outlines its present policy with a cold-blooded
deliberation which is noteworthy:

**The number of Englishmen in the entire coun-
try is not more than a lakh and a half (150,000).
And what is the number of English officials in
each district? With a firm resolve you can bring
English rule to an end in a single day. The time
has come to make the Englishman understand that
enjoying the sweets of dominion in another's
country, after wrongfully taking possession of it,
will not be permitted to continue forever. . . .
Begin yielding up a life after taking a life. Dedi-
cate your life as an offering at the temple of lib-
erty. Without bloodshed the conquest of the
goddess will not be accomplished.**

Speaking of the English and their agents in
India the same journal declares:

"Let the heads of these brutes, these instiga-
tors, be given as an offering at the Mother's feet;
... let twice 70 millions of hands pick up the
sword and let the demon's head roll at the
Mother's feet; ... the auspicious moment has
come, lose no time. ... Do you not hear the
clank of arms in every household? It is the sound
of the war goddess* foot ornament betokening
her coming. . . . Beggars and fakirs in disguise
have distributed pamphlets among the native army
in Rawalpindi. The oppressive Feringhi, con-
scious of his sins, has become quite overpowered by
his cowardice, and is busy impeding the path of
the students and the native troops by throwing
flimsy obstacles in ' their way. . . . The cup of
the Englishman's iniquity is going to be full."

New Zealand has been held up to the
working world as the best
CompnlMry q£ everything on earth for
the workers. The many ad-
vantages offered betause of the excellent
labor laws have been told and retold until
one has come to regard the colony as the
forerunner of something close to the Prom-
ised Land, but there is a blur on the in-
dustrial painting that takes away a lot of
promise from the picture of everlasting

peace, prosperity and mutual forbearance
between the employer and the employe.

Compulsory arbitration has had its nm
in New Zealand. It has been in operation
for some time and until labor felt the sting
of adverse decision it was a fine thing. The
employers were forced to comply with the
judgments delivered or go out of business
and, until labor suffered, as it declared,
from an adverse decision, we heard of the
blessings of the law and were advised to
hurry along and get a good one exactly like
it

Bu^, the end has come. A dispute be-
tween the packing houses and their employ-
es was referred to the usual arbitration
board which decided ag^sinst the men. The
case was carried to the court of appeals and
pending the decision the men struck, con-
trary to law. They have been advised by
the court that the law will hold them re-,
sponsible to the extent of fine or imprison-
ment for one year if the fine is not paid.

The new story will take something from
the popularity of the compulsory plan for
settling labor troubles. It will now be
plain enough for all to see that compulsory
arbitration is not arbitration but a court
hearing with a court decision which all par-
ties must obey or pay the penalty.

The outcome of this recent situation will
be watched with interest. Will the men
defy the court, will the court have the
courage to enforce its decision or will the
men make amends, recognize the justice of
the law and get back to work on the terms
offered? At any rate the compulsory arbi-
tration law has been put to the test and
found wanting. When men demand that a
law apply only one way in labor matters,
that all advantage be given to only one side,
they are doomed to disappointment.

Those of our workmen who have been
standing up for compulsory arbitration
without understanding what it means can
take a lesson from the book of New Zea-
land. With us a decree would be permissi-
ble of enforcement even if every workman
had to go to prison or be forced to labor
at the terms of the award. An arbitratk>n
law cannot be used one way one day and
repudiated the next when capital and labor
are involved in controversy. We rather
imagine that the majority of us-^ill prefer
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1088 RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

the mutual agreement resting on the honor very many of the injuries were received
of both parties to the court decree with its because the employes did not take the pro-
fine or prison back of it. per precaution for their safety.

In the greater number of accidents

Th« officials of the Westinghouse Air *'*' ** "° T^^ "" ^"^ ^ *«<* *« ««»-

Brake Company are credited ^^°^^ Z^ » «=«nP«"«<» ^ handle the cars.

AlrBtskM. with the statement that very "" ^"^ measures to insure his safety.

many of the railroad wrecks tu " I** ^"'^ **''^ *'*"" *' ''*"«'''

are caused by the inability of the old air V"* "?***' ."'* '" handing «rs that have

brake to properly control a fast train. ''^i,^"^* appliances.

«,. ,,r • « . «• « « ^"^ necessity for takmg care of cars of

The Westmghouse people aflfirm that the .t,- ^u^-o^f-.^ u* *^ u V^ /^

., , 7 ^ \i * *u 1 * * • ^"'^ character ought t# be one of the

railroads are slow to adopt the latest mven- cf,^„„^» ^^ * r .u t- . .

, , 1- A t-- 1. J strongest argtmients for the Employers

tions m safety appliances. A high speed t :,K;i:f„ tj.ii *u *. u i. j . .

Ki 1, u x^j 1.-1.U J^^j Liability Bill that could be advanced in

brake has been perfected, which has pfoved ^,„^, . .. ,, ^, . , .

. ^ . u nt. . a ., *^^°' ®^ 't- I* tke requirements of the

on test to be fifty per cent more effective „^,„- ^ ^^. .. ,^ . " "

,1. *!. t. 1 . , service make the acceptance of dansrerous

than the brakes now in general use. .^. ..u i * i . . "*"*^'y '

^ ^ , . , , . tasks absolutely necessary, it is fair that

The Pennsylvania road made extensive the employer pay for all injuries that are
experiments with this brake two years ago, received while performing such dangerous
and adopted it. The same brake was tned service.

on other roads, and satisfactory results

were attained, but the brake has not been

adopted by any of them, so far as we know. ^"^^^ *^^ President has turned the work
Experts advise that a train running sixty- Panama Going ^° ^^ Panama Canal over
miles an hour, and weighing five hundred Sana, [^ ***^ ^^^^ ^^« ^»^ has

tons, cannot be brought to a standstiU inside ,^ u - . ^ shoveled out so fast

of a half-mile. There are many occasions ^^ *^ ^^^ ^^^ ^*^^^ "P waiting for
when it is necessary to stop a fast train in- j"^*"^ f °"^>'- ^^^ ^°^^ >s progressing far
side of this distance, and it cannot be done ^y^^^ ^^ expected; it has eaten up the
with the old style brake. money Congress set aside for the purpose.

The adoption of the new high speed brake ^^"^^^^^ ^^' ^"f '^ '^ "^^ ^^^^^ for an ad-
would mean greater safety, and, it seems ^"f^^^ '""^ ^? ^^^ the work moving,
impossible, in view of the increasing list of ^^ ^""^ ^^^,*^ advantage of getting
casualties, that the railroad companies ?" ^^^ «^f"J^'^/,^*^'' ^"^^ ^^^^"^ P^'^^^''"-.
would be willing to sacrifice life and rail- '"^"^ ^°5^ ^/f, ^^^" ^^^ ^^ ^^'"^^ ^"K^"
foad reputation for the sake of saving the "^^"' "^^ ^f ^"^ /^"^ <!">* ^^ <^h^»^

difference in cost, by adoptmg the best ^^t" ^f """^ L "^ ^°^' ''?^'^^^ ^^'^^

safety appHance. ^^7 hero medals and reputations. When

Colonel Goethals was placed in charge
much had been done to make way for fair

If the general public is laboring under progress in the work.
BafMtiTACm *^^ impression that the It does not make any difference to the most
Cause Dea^ ?^^^^^ "^'^^^^ equipment of us who digs the Canal only so it is done
is absolutely safe, and in- before we run out of patience and money. We
sures the railway employe against death by all know it will cost twice as much as was
accident, it is very much mistaken. expected and that it will not be done when

The Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen we were told it would be, but we have our
is called upon each month to pay a num- reputation at stake before the worid and
her of claims that are the result of death this canal will have to be pulled through,
by accident from defective equipment. Let Congress pass out the coin and let ev-

A number of writers, recently, have laid cry encouragement be given to the job, for
great stress on the carelessness of the em- the sooner it is finished the more money
ployes, and have endeavored to show that we will save.

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Waktbo.— To know the address of Bert Cole,
m member of Lodge No. 608. Very important
Address Financier of Lodge No. C02.

• • •

Wmctk).— To know the whereabouts of my
brother, Edward E. Obrey. Address William R.
Obrey, Lodge No. 62S, No. fi4 Huntington St.,

Springfield, Mass.

• • •

Wanted. — To know the address of George Miles.
Last heard of near Seattle, Wash. Write or wire,
C. O. D., any information to William Miles, For-
est, Ontario. His father is very ill.

• » •

Wanted.— Whereabouts of Jas. J. Reynolds,
formerly of Moberly, Mo. Last heard from was
switching in South Chicago. Advise Miss Grace
Reynolds, 126 S. 6th St., Moberly, Mo.

• • •
Wawtb),— To know the whereabouts of L. A.

Sims, of Lodge No. 101. Anyone knowing any-
thing concerning him will please advise J. F.
McGrane, No. 1111 Qeveland St., Norfolk, Neb.

• • •
Wanted.— To know the whereabouU of W. F.

Hall, known as Frank Hall. Last heard from
was running a train on the Great Northern R. R.,
out of Larimore, N. D., in the fall of 1899. Ad-
dress A. H. Leonhart, Box 187, Albion, Pa.

• • •

Wantio. — To know the whereabouts of Robert
E. Morgan, of Pingree Lodge No. 636, Detroit,
Mich. Any information will be gratefully re-
ceived by his wife and little child, who need him
very much. Address Mrs. R. Morgan. No. 523
East Bowery St., Ravenna, Ohio.

• • •

Wanted. — ^The address of Brother Tom Holder,
of Lodge No. 481, who has not been heard from
for six months. His wife is very anxious to
bear from him, and any information will be very
much appreciated. Address W. M. Childress,
No. 1419 80th St.. Fort Worth, Tex.

• • •

Iron City, Lodge No. 179.— I just received the
watch and it is very nice. If it proves to be as
accurate a timepiec: as former five watches are,
there will be no kick. However, I have no doubts
as to it keeping correct time. Fraternally yours,,

W. H. Raley.

• • •

Wanted. — ^To know the whereabouts of Oliver
H. Homan. of Lodge No. 7Z0, Last heard from
September 2nd, 1907, from San Bernardino, CaL

4—1

His mother and sister are very anxious to hear
from him at once. Address Mrs. M. M. Dill, No.
688 S. Hoyne Ave., Chicago, 111.

• * *

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of H. J.
Clark, a member of Lodge No. 683. Last seen
was Wednesday evening, October 16th, 1907, at
Colorado Springs. He has deserted his wife.
Address Mrs. Ruth Clark, care Mrs. Stray, No.

806 S. Weber St., Colorado Springs, Colo.

• • •

Wanted. — ^To know the whereabouts of R. D.
Wilson, formerly a member of Greenville Lodge
No. 641. Last heard from he was working on
the C. N. O. and T. P. R. R., out of Chatta-
nooga, Tenn., in 1006. Important news awaits
him. Address A. V. Lee. No. 414 Ekn Ave.,
Rockhill, S. C

• • •

EvANSViLLE, Ind. — Lodge No. 842 is still com*
ing along, not in an extra, but in the up-to-date
time. We have very good attendance at meeb
Ings, and all business is looked after in a busi-
nesslike way. We are still gaining the outside
boys' confidence, and they are coming in one by
one.

"Squis."

• • •

Wanted. — To know the whereabouts of Patrick
Keating, of Lodge No. 109. He left Erie about
ten months ago, and was last heard from in Mon-
tana, where he was railroading. His father has
died and the Financier of Lodge No. 199 would
like to locate him. Address W. H. Swainsbury,
No. 930 East 9th St.. Erie, Pa.

• • •

TO THE MEMBERS OF B. R. T. LODGE NO.
107 AND ALL OTHER MEMBERS.
Any members of the B. R. T. not receiving
their Journal will confer a great favor on the
Journal Agent by notifying him by letter that
they have not received their Journal, giving
proper address, and the correction will be made
at once.

^ JotTRNAL Agent, Lodge No. 107.

• • •

Lawrence, Mass. — Lodge No. 688 is getting
close to the one htmdred mark and is receiving
applications at every meeting. At our last meet-
ing we had ten new members, and our brothers
deserve to be thanked for the good attendance
and for the interest they take in behalf of the
organization.

Visiting brothers are always welcome.

Journal Agent, Lodge No. 688.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

Waktbd. — To know the whereabouts of George
T. Seaman, who left home March 3l8t» 1907. Last
beard from at Silverdale, Kan. He i* sixteen
years ol<L five feet, ten inches tall, weight about
one hundred and fifty pounds, dark complexion,
very dark, heavy hair. He has a scar on hb up-
per lip, caused from getting bit by a dog. His
mother is ill from worrying ao much about him.
Address J. M. Seaman. No. 2988 School St. In-
dianapolis, Ind.

• • •

AUSTIN. TEX.

I have received my "Queen** Watch, and I cer-
tainly appreciate it very much. I have shown
it to my friends, and they think it is a beautiful
little watch, and say they wish they had one like
it I will be glad to continue my work for the
Journal, as I think it is an excellent book and
ought to be circulated as widely as possible.

I again thank you for the watch, and assure
you I prise it very highly.

Mis. R. E. LuDWio,

1801 East 4th St

• • •

Sam FtAMCXSco, Cal. — Lodge No. 198 is getting
along splendidly and admitting new members at
every meeting. The lodge went to Santa Cruz on
October 6th and initiated fifteen new members.
The boys at Santa Cruz gave the visitors a loyal
good time and one that will never be forgotten
by those who participated in it

Every credit belongs to Brother Moody for the
splendid arrangemenU for the occasion. Lodge
No. 198 has a new hall and cordially invites all
visiting members to attend its meetings. There
are candidates for every one of them and a gen-
eral good time is promised to all members of the
Brotherhood who will come to the lodge room.|

TaAINMAR.

• • •

Tub Ambiican Fbdbration op Labor in con-
vention at Norfolk, Virginia, voted to levy an
assessment of one per cent per capita to be used
as a defense fund against the anti-boycott suit
brought by James Van Qeve against the Federa-
tion and to be also used as a general defense
fund for all other suits that may be brought of
the same kind.

The entire matter of the defense of the Van
Cleve suit was left to President Samuel Gompers
and the Executive Council who have authority to
levy other assessments.

It alco declared against all immigration from
Asia and the islands of the Pacific to the United
States.

• • •

JOHN CHINAMAN COMPLAINS.
Chinamen and Laundrymen have a grievance.
Although collars and cuffs, no matter to what
laundry they may be given are "done-up*' whole-
sale at central depots, the percentage earned by
each individual laundry mounU up to a consider-
able sum. It would seem thaf since the intro-
duction of the much advertised "Litholin." water-
proofed linen collars and cuffs, which need no
Jsnnderlnp, but an made clean and white as

when new by wiping with a damp doth, the
laundry business has suffered considerable loss,
and in some sections, the weekly wash lists show
"CoUars— blank, Cuffa-^tto." If people find
that they can look neat, and save much time and
money by wearing these "Litholin** collars and
cuffs, they are going to adopt them, and let the
laundrymen look out for themselves.

• • •

EASY MONEY.

I want to advise you how easy it is to get sub-
scriptions for the Journal. I left home at 9:30
in the morning and was back at 11 :30 with twenty-
two subscriptions. I went' out again at 1 p. m.
and returned at 2:30 with eight more.

This list of names has been sent to you, and I
assure you that it is not at all difficult to get sub-
scriptions. All you have to do is to ask. and,
while some will turn you down, you can try the
next one and it will only be a very short time
until you have a splendid list of names.

I think thirty names in four hours and a half
is not so bad for a small town.

H. E. COULTBR,

Lodge No. 174, Hollidaysburg, Pa.

• • •

Norfolk, Va.— Lodge No. 678 is not as ener-
getic as it might be, and our members must for
their own good, overcome their indifference.
There is no use in the members of any lodge loaf-
ing around and waiting for some one else to take
care of them.

I am at work on the Virginian Railway
and have succeeded in getting three or four
of my associates to join Lodge No. 650. As our
territory is limited, we cannot do much on this
line, but there is ample opportunity elsewhere to
build up the organization and to try to do some-
thing for ourselves. It costs nothing to talk
unionism, and it is of the greatest advanti«e to
have the. question understood by all of the men
in railroad service, so that they can appreciate
fully what the Brotherhood means to them.

J. H. Bailbt,

Lodge No. 678.

• • •

CoRHiMO, OBio.~Lodge No. 896 is comin^r
along slowly but surely. There are alwaya a
number of applications on hand, and while we
are not doing a phenomenal business, we are pro-
gressing steadily and, therefore, satisfactorily.

I was much interested in the articles from
Brothers Porter and McLogan in recent issues of
the Journal. It seems to roe that if our insur-
ance could be managed on the endowment plan, it
would be a great deal better for the men aa tbey
grow old.

I would like to hear from more ef our membera,
in the Journal, and I trust they will take op the
question of the eight-hour day for railroad aervioe.

It is is to be hoped that our members win pay
more attention to the meetings and give i» the
benefit of their presence.

Cbas. Schlinobrman,
Vice Master, Lodge No. 896.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

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HAMiiSBUtc, Pa. — T desire to ask our brothers
to be decent enough to attend the funerals of our
deceased members. We have a large membership
in Harrisburg. and it seems as if each member
has fallen into the very bad habit of depending
upon everybody else to carry his share of respon-
sibility in the Brotherhood. It seems that this is
carried to the extreme of indecency, for at a num-
ber of funerals the attendance has been so very
small as to cause comment. •

I feel that our members are not willfully negli-
gent, but that they have fallen into the bad habit
of trusting to someone else to do their share. I
hope that all of us will take it to ourselves to per-
form our own duties, and particularly in the cases
where we can show by our presence that we really
sympathize with the families of our deceased mem-
bers.

John W. Shbafpu,

Master Lodge No. 383.
• • •

THE EIGHT-HOUR DAY.
When a Union man becomes an employer, it is
only reasonable to expect better wages, conditions
and treatment from him than from an employer
who has never had any Union affiliation. Now
that the eight-hour day is becoming general in the
overall business, it is only just to Brother H. S.
Peters, member of the B. L. F. & E. since 1882,
and of the B. L. E. since 1886. to state that he
has operated his factory on the eight-hour basis
for the past ten years, with Saturday half-holiday
all the year. While other overall makers have
done all that the U. G. W. A. have required of
them. Brother Peters, practicing his own Union
principles, has done more than the Union exacted.
He has paid above the Union scale on every gar-
ment and has given his helpers benefits and priv-
ileges which are not known elsewhere. Every

brother can take pride in the fact that the only
Brotherhood man in the overall business has
made such a record as an employer. He claims
for the Brotherhood brand that they are the best
Union Made Overalls on earth and the absolute
guarantee under which he sells them shows his
faith in what he claims. As the guarantee means
that you buy the Brotherhoods at Peters' risk,
not your own, there doesn't seem to be any reason
why you shouldn't try them.
• • •

BtiOGEPORT, Conn.— It hereby becomes nec-
essary for Bridgeport Lodge No. 881 to
call the attention of its members to the
importance of attending the meetings. It is
a known fact that many absent themselves
unnecessarily but they are the very ones to ask
next day, "Were you there? What did they do?"
Now if such members will kindly take the trouble
to attend they will find out for themselves instead
of getting their information second-handed in the
yard office or elsewhere.

It is very discouraging to the officers and mem-
bers who desire to make the lodge a success to
find so very little interest manifested by the ma-
jority in their own welfare. If the matter is of
such little importance, why should we go to the
trouble and expense of holding oUr meetings? It
is also a bad example for new members, who are
so very enthusiastic in the beginning, to find so
few of the brothers present.

Our lodge is in a flourishing condition at pres-
ent. We are taking in new members right along
and in the past few months have increased our
membership considerably, but with the hearty co-
operation of all we will be able to do even stiU
more.

We sincerely hope this will bring all our mem-

YAPHANK, CARMER RIVER. LONG ISLAND RAILROAD.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

bert to the realization of their duties and on the
fint and third Thursday of each month we shall
expect to find every member in his place.

• • •
LOST.

The following articks herein mentioned as
lost. If found, will please be returned to the
Financier of the lodge of which the loser is a
member:

Receipts and pass. Brother P. H. Allen. Lodge
No. 417. . ^

O. H. Parcell. Lodge No. 428. Receipt for
December, lost at Williamson. W. Va.

D. C. Billings. Lodge No. 186. Pocketbook con-
teining receipts up to and including October.

E. E. Erwin, Lodge No. 740. Receipt case
containing receipts, and meal book; M. K. & T.
No. 10,909.

J. H. Ax, Lodge No. 88. Red pocketbook con-
taining B. R. T. receipt* and other papers of
value only to the loser.

Edward T. Price. Lodge No. 669. Card case
conUining receipts, meal tickcU, identification
card and several other papers.

R. M. Arrighi, Lodge No. 81. Bill book con-
taining B. R. T. reccipU for June, July, August,
September and October, also traveling card good
for October. Return to W. Henry Curtis. Salida,
Colo.

J. S. Hippensteel, Lodge No. 706. Pocketbook
conUining B. R. T. receipts from Lodges Nos.
449 ^nd 706, service letter, traveling card and
valuable papers. The brother asks that the above
be returned to him to No. 833 West 16th St.,
Wichita. Kan., and he will give a five dollar re-
ward.

• • •

Business Subscribers Received For
December]

Under this head the Journal will print once
cbe name, business and business address of each
business firm, or, of each person in business for
himself, or, representing a business firm as its
airent who subscribes (or one year. The idea is
to inform our readers who among their businessmen
have subscribed and to recommend to them the
fairness of giving their patronage to those who have
patronized the Journal.

ROANOKE. VA.

Received from A. A. Belcher. Lodge No. 498:

Young Drug Store, corner Park strett and 8d
avenue.

Roanoke Shoe Co.

America Shoe Store, 814 JeflFerson.

M. S. Schaul, Pawn Broker, 114 Salem ave., W.

Blue Ridge Overall Mfg. Co., Overalls and
Corduroy Pants.

Geo. T. Markley & Co., Plumbing and Tinning,
907 Commerce.

Engleby ft Bro., Plumbing and Heating. 17
Salem avenue, W.

Wilson Hardware Co., 17 Campbell avenue. E.

H. C Kelsey. Mfr. Men's Qothing, 188 Camp-
bell avenue. E.

Bright-Krebtt & Co.. Dry Goods and Notions,
19 Campbell, E.

W. C. Bums. Brotherhood Merc Co., 107 S.
Jefferson.

National Exchange Bank.

J. M. Oakley, Undertaker, 180 W. Campbell
avenue.

Roanoke Cycle Co., 108 Campbell avenoe.

M. Geldberger ft Co.. Wines and Uqnors. S8
Salem avenue. W.

Mrs. I. Bachrach, Ladies' and Gents' Shoes, 18
Salem avenue, W.

S. Simon, Millinery, 88 Salem avenue, W.

Air-Heart Kirk Qothing Co.

Dr. A. Ludwell Hammer, 106} Salem ave., W.

Union Mercantile Co.. 185 Salem avenae.

PENNSYLVANIA.
Received from James Nicodemus. Lodge No.
381:

ALIQUIPPA.
J. C. Wiegel. HoteL
Fred Walters, Wholesale Lkiaors.

BROWNSVILLE.
W. H. Kaiser, Jeweler. 140 Neck.
Lloyd Adams, Barber, Box 756.
L. Goldstein ft Sons, Qothing and Shoes.
H. H. Homell & Sons. Clothiers.
Troth Bros.. Clothiers.
W. C. Mitchell, Restaurant, Neck street.
Sharpnack & Conelly. Furniture and Undertak-
ing.

Wm. Levy & Co.. Clothiers.

F. B. Theakston, Jeweler and Optician.

G. S. Moorehead. Jeweler.

L. C. Richine. Five and Ten Cent Store.

D. F. Robinson. Druggist.

A. Miller. Qothing and Shoes.

H. H. Bugler, Druggist

F. S. Adams. Hotel.

James Risbeck, Pennsylvania HoteL

D. and J. Grice, Groceries.

H. M. Green, Barber.

Rathmell Bros., Druggists.

Union Drug Co.. Druggist.

R. M. Cook, Hotel.

C. W. Rush. Hotel.

National Deposit Bank.

Bugler Bros.. Tailors

John Altman, Tailor.

WEST BROWNSVILLE.
H. A. Theakston. Hotel.
A..Brody. HoteL

McKEES ROCKS.
W. H. Schindehutte. Hotel, 168 Bell avenue.
N. J. Evans, Hotel, 874 Helen.
Jos. Ljubie, Hotel, comer Helen and Agnes.
James F. Cullen. Wholesale Liquors, 889 Helen.
McKeet Rocks Trust Co., 800 Island avenue.
Cbas. Specht, Baker. 510 Island avenue.
James F. Green, Hotel, George street
Jos. Hildebraur, Aurora Hotel, Ella and Olive.
S. S. Balser, Hotel, 101 Bell avenue.
Leon Mitchell. Groceries. 889 Cbartiers avenue.
M. J. Driacoll, Restaurant, 888^1and avcniic.
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M. Mannon, Jr., Butcher 787 Chartkrs avenue.

Thomas Broadway, Supply Store, 427 Broadway.

Wm. Dixon, Groceries. 1412 Broadway.

J. W. Wiley Singer Sewing Machines, 810
Chartiers avenue.

H. G. Moorhead, Sewing Machines and Pianos,
608 Chartiers avenue.

Union Furniture Co., 599-601 Chartiers avenue.

McDermott Bros., Funeral Directors.

Chartiers Trust Co.

E. C. Goss, Merchant Tailor, 626 Chartiers ave.

CADWALLADER.

H. G. Worcester, Barber.

MONONGAHELA,

J. T. Eckbreth, Hotel, 2nd street.

Hill and Shipe, Shoes.

Zimmerman Bros., Cigars and Tobacco.

Alfred Watson, Jeweler and Optician.

H. C. DeVore. Hardware.

DUQUESNE.

Eagle Drug Co., comer Duqucsne and Grant
avenues.

Brown's Clothing Store, 116 W. Grant avenue.

Howard S. Hill, Dry Goods, Grant ave. and 2d.

John L. Izlive, Jeweler, 210 Grant avenue.

The Dales Co., Up-to-Date Tailoring, 118 W.
Grant avenue.

Coleman's Pharmacy, 9 Grant avenue.

The Duquesne Tailoring Co., Duquesne avenue.

John Hatloss. Hotel, 802 Grant avenue.

Wm. Horsfall, Butcher, 122 Grant avenue.

Peter Nerdham, Hotel, 28 Grant avenue.

Goldman, The Clothier, 81 W. Grant avenue.

William Dumey, Hotel, 7-8 Duquesne avenue.
GLASSPORT, PA.

Thomas Krush, Hotel Grand.

Griffin 8c Finy, Wholesale Liquors.

B. L. Minser, Shoes and Gents' Furnishings.

W. L. McClaran, Druggist.

Harry Joseph, Merchant Tailor.

Joseph Sher, Merchant Tailor, Monongahela
avenue.

G. C. Murphy 8c Co., 25c Department Store.

Collins Hardware 8c Supply Co.

M. Belusar, Atlantic Hotel.

Glassport Lumber Co., Contractors and Build-
ers.

The Raden Co., Clothing and Furnishers, 6 and
7th streets.

Herman Ryan, Tailor.

SchulhoflF 8c Klein, Tailors, 6th and 7th street.

Smith 8c Cochenour, Staple and Fancy Groceries.
PITCAIRN.

Quinn's Butter and Egg Market, Broadway.

Monongahela Valley Tailoring Co., Broadway.

Nearrison Bros., Clothing and Furnishings.

John L. Cohnery, Dry Goods.

Harvey & Cutchall Co., Shoes and Gents* Fur-
nishings.

Lizzie Haisler, 25c Department Store.

F. H. Shiffler, Groceries, 584 Broadway.
T. A. Russell, Broadway Undertaker.
Tilbrook & Co., Groceries and Dry Goods.
S. L. Kennedy, Barber.

R. D. Reed, Merchant Tailor. *

WALL.
Thomas Mellon, Groceries and Meats.
Peter Forster, Groceries and Dry Goods.
Alex. P. Stright, Druggist.

PITTSBURG.
Chas. S. Bachman, Barber, 48 27th street.
L. W. Seibcrt, Druggist, 26th and 27th streets.
Chas. A. Schafer, Druggist, 2628 Carson.
McKcey & Riley, 2626 Carson.
Albert Schmid, Hotel. 2506 Carson.
Julius Miller, Wall Paper and Paint, 2512
Carson.
Jacob A. Young, Hotel, 2528 Carson.
L. Lott, Grocer, 2335 Carson.
Valentine Wuertz, Hotel, 8829 Carson.
Martin Buchra, Hotel, 3024 Carson.

C. B. Tisher, Cafe, 2916 Carson.

Jos. J. Wilhclm, Wholesale Liquors, 2908 Car-
son.
J. Ugnovicb, Pool Room, 2814 Carson.
J. J. Doyle, Cafe, 2788 Carson.

MILLVALE STATION.

E. A. Strain, Hotel, 112 Grant avenue.

A. M. Ohl, Cafe. 128 Grant avenue.
. Jas. Shakespeare, Hotel, 101 Grant avenue.
ALLEGHENY.

Dotterweich & Leitch, Wholesale Liquors, 1812
E. Ohio.

Paul F. Eyler, Cafe, 1044 Ohio.

Alphonse Weillingcr, Cafe, 1022 Ohio.

Wm. Jackser, Caft, 607 Chestnut.

M. M. Templeton, Shoes, 807 Chestnut.

A. Deider, Meat Market, 401 Chestnut.

The Safe Clothing Store, 701-708 Ohio.
PITTOCK.

Chas. Newhouse, Ridge View Hotel.

T. J. Conley, Wholesale Liquors.

D. Greenstein, Dry Goods.
Benj. Trappazno, Groceries.
John Gozdonovic, Hotel.

S. Yourga, Butcher.

OHIO.
YOUNGSTOWN.
Walter G. Smith, Jeweler, 12 Phelps.
A. Jones & Sons, Jeweler, 122 W. Federal.
Lcvinson Bros., Clothiers, 251 W. Federal.

CLEVELAND.
John Naumann & Sons, Hotel, 2006 Ont«"io.

MISSOURL
Received from I. P. Leach, Lodge No. 269:

SHEFFIELD.
D. W. Fitzpatrick, Barber, 6813 Independence.
Spencer & McMillen, Saloon, 6821 Indepen-
dence road.

L. A. Crooks, Grocery, 6518 Independence ave.
Chas. H. Defenbach, Druggist, 6902 Wash. Pk.

LAREDO.
L. Webber, Restaurant.

J. H. Merryman, Farm Machinery and Imple-
ments.

W. S. Nichols, Drug Store. ^ j

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1094

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

SHERMAN, TEX.
Randell & Randell. N. Side Square.
Aaron Turley, Groceries, 429 S. Throckmorton.
George Opel, Tinner, 217 S. Travis.
W. L. Davis, Furniture, 101 Thomas.

CALGARY, ALBERTA.
Received from O. H. Pearce Lodge No. 663:
Calgary Qothing Co., corner First street E. and
Eighth avenue.
A. A. Hood« Proprietor Grand Union Hotel.

SHERMAN, TEX.
Received from Mrs. H. E. Prior:
William A. Bailey, Furniture, 601 E. Brockett.
E. W. Ussery, 'Frisco Barber Shop.

DAYTON. OHIO.
E. D. Longstreth, Bricklayer, 120 Hersley.

VANCOUVER, B. C.
Received from A. J. Spear, Lodge No. 144:
A. M. Tyson, Central Fish Market, Cordova.
Campbell & Griffeth, Clothiers, Cordova.
Hotel Ranier, comer Carroll and Cordova.
Hotel Butler, Hastings.
Hotel St Francis, Cordova.
Dominion Hotel, Water.

AGASSIZ, B. C.

Agassix Hotel.

WISCONSIN.

Received from John L. Lake, Lodge No. 446:

GREEN BAY.
Nick Christensen, Barber, 604 S. Broadway.
L. W. Akins. Laundry, 202 W. Walnut.

KEWAUNEE.
J. H. Griese, Barber.

BOYCE, LA.
Received from R. Edmundson, Lodge No. 666:
J. E. Marler, General Merchandise.

OHIO.
Received from Chaa. Burris, Lodge No. 806:
GLOUSTER.

D. Lewis, Supt. Wassail Clay Co.

A. H. Booker, Cafe.

E. Cozelli, Cafe.
Robt. Tracey, Cafe.
M. T. Walsh, Cafe.
D. W. Davis, Cafe.
T. B: dkinner, Cafe.

F. W. Fennken. Cafe.
Z. Z. Bridge, Cafe.
Glouster Coal Co.

B. W. Pickering, Druggist

W. A. Craft, Publisher Glouster Press.
R. L. Lewis, The Wassail Clay Co.
James Pico, Agent Weidman's Beer.

TRIMBLE.
The Trimble Brick Mfg. Co.
The Hiszlvania Coal Co.

CORNINa
J. J. McGonagle, Funeral Director.
Gabriel Hardy, Cafe, Main.

Samuel Eichenbaum, Agent W. L. Doiiglasi
Shoes.

Sol Klein, Agent Sargent Gloves and Head-
light Overalls.

H. Williams, Cafe.

Thomas Joseph, Fruit Store.

H. Brandt, Cafe.

M. Whitney, Livery, Feed and Sale Stable.

Wm. Hermey, General Merchandise, Meats, etc.
HUNTINGDON, PA.

Received from C. B. Swayne, Lodge No. 498:

Thomas Quinn, Barber, Mifflin.

W. W. Johnson. Grocer, 1128 Moore.

W. C. Ellis. Druggist, Mifflin.

B. S. Fouse, Butcher, Mifflin.

J. L. Westbrook, Ice Cream and Confectionery,
780 Washington.

O. M. Brumbaugh, General Merchandise.
Washington.

J. B. Isenberg, Clothing, Penn.

J. O. Wright, General Merchandise, Mifflin.
PENNSYLVANIA.

Received from W. H. Raley. Lodge No. 179:
PT. MARION.

A. K. Jenkins, Wholesale Lumber Dealer.

John B. Wright, Colonial Hotel
PITTSBURG.

E. E. Baker. Baker Office Furniture Co.. 828
Liberty avenue.

H. M. Hallett, Penna. Crusher Co., 601 Machcs- "
ney Bldg.

UNIONTOWN.

C. R. Cunningham, Uniontown Wholesale
Grocery Co.

W. A. Carder, LaFayette Hotel.
J. C. Work, Candidate for Judge.
WHEELING, W. VA.
Chas. EU.S€henk & Sons, Wholesale Meat
Dealers, 9i 6th avenue.

NEW YORK CITY.
A. Brafman, Hackett, Carhart & Co., Clothes of
Fashion, Broadway.

WEST VIRGINIA.
CLARKSBURG.
Rosenshine Junk Co.. 168 1st

FAIRMONT.
J. A. Drcnnen. Skinner*s Tavern.

ARIZONA.
Received from H. E. Shaw. Lodge No. 757:

HILLSDALE.
John Roberts, General Merchandise.

WICKENBURG.
W. H. Smith. Hotel Vemetta.
Doctor McGinnes.

D. J. Curry, Broker and Real Estate.

SACRAMENTO. CAL.
Received from A. Norton, Lodge No. 840:
C. A. Silverstein, Cigar Store, 817 2d,
A. W. Morrison, Western Hotel, R.
Klune •& Floberg, Jewelers, 528 K.

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RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

1095

J. N. Wibon, Cigar Dealer, 700 K.

Parson & Burke. Wines and Liquors, 911 td.

A. E. Btlltngs, Cigars. Oil 2d.

Central Drug 5tore, comer Plaxa and J.

T. O. Conner, Tremont Hotel, Sd.

L. Barry. Cigar Store, 416 K.

Black Shining Parlors, Sacramento Depot.
CANTON. OHIO.

Received from W. H. Hines, Lodge No. SOS:

J. E. Tschantz, Groceries, 1226 E. Tus.

James Coal Co., 608 Mulberry.

J. E. Eberhart, Boots and Shoes, 827 S. Mar-
ket.

W. D. Caldwell, Dry Goods, comer N. Mar-
ket and 6th.

F. X. Volzer, Groceries, Produce and General
Merchandise, 400 Charles.

A. a Wiley, Barber Shop and Baths, 1008
S. Market

W. O. St Qair, General Drayman, 1811 S.
Market

Parkhill & Brown, Real Estate, Erwin Block,
S. Cleveland avenue.

C. E. Fraunfelter, M. D., B. R. T. Examiner,
436 S. Market

E. W. Markling, Wines and Cigars, 418 E.
Tus.

Gust Zandt, Pool, Tobacco and Cigars, 414 E.
Tus.

Nathan Wolinsky, Clothing, Jewelry and Loan
Office, 400 E. Tus.

Les E. Skelton, Hardware, 1603 S. Market.

Louis E. Fornes, Optician and Jeweler, 404 R.
Tus.

Isaac Harter & Sons, Bankers.

J. E. Shorb, M. D., 428 S. Market

A. R. Tumbull, Mayor, 1014 E. 4th.

Harry Weiss, Agent Sargent Gloves and Carter
R. R. Overalls, 407 E. Tus.

L. P. D. Yost, Furnaces, Ranges and Mantels,
206 S. Cleveland avenue.

B. F. Reed, Horses and Shetland Ponies, 889
W. 8d.

J. F. Marchand, Physician and Surgeon, 188 N.
Cleveland avenue.

F. Bums, Dry Goods and Notions, corner
Charles and S. Cherry.

Chas. Munter, Druggist 736 S. Cherry.

Geo. Hedricks, Wines and Cigars.

The Globe Furniture and Carpet Co., E. Tus.

Henry Vogelgesang, Wet Goods, 710 E. Tus.

AL Stadler, Clothing, Furnishings and Shoes,
comer 10th and Cherry.

Louis E. Deuble, City Auditor, 214 S. Mc-
Kinley avenue.

Miller & De La Mater, Loan Office, 111 No.
Court, Courtland Bldg.

Miller & Blanchard Coach and Undertaking Co.,
Cor. Court and 6th

Van Dorsten & Muckley, Hardware, 828 S.
Market street

L. M. Barrick, Justice of the Peace, Rm. 8,
Eagle Blk.

Dr. J. J. Leppa & Co., Specialists Nervous Dis-
eases, 117 So. Market.

S. Frauds, Washing Machines, 300 No. Market

Chas. Krichbaum, Attorney at Law, Barters Bk.
Bldg.

Halliwell's Square Luncheon, Public Square.

The W. E. Homer Co., Qothiers, No. Market
and 4th streeto.

Askin & Marine, Credit Clothiera. 882-884 No.
Market street

W. J. Piero, Attoraey-at-Law, Shaler Block.

E. E. Beard, Meat Dealer, 2512 W. Tuscarawas.
Dr. S. J. Spalding, Electric Belts, 608 No. Rex.
A. T. Dennis, Real Estate, Rm. 406 Folwell Bid.
Joseph E. Deweese, News Exchange, 228 W.

Tuscarawas.

Chas. C. Schwingle, Grocer, 212 No. Cherry.

The Stark-Tuscarawas Brewing Co., 280 No.
Cherry.

Ira Aungst Councilman at large, 706 W. Lake.

Wm. Eggkston, Oflioe Saloon and Cafe. 215
E. Tuscarawas.

Joseph Munter, B. P. Service, 1304 E. Tus-
carawas.

A. R. Lauffer, B. P. Service, 816 Chance ave.

W. Teplansky, Gauntlet Gloves, 817 E. Tus-
carawas.

W. E. Palmer, New and Secondhand Goods,
819-328 So. Market street

W. L. Day, City Solicitor,

J. M. Ickes, Barber, 430 East Tuscarawas.

JACKSONVILLE, TEX.

Received from John T. Slocum, Lodge No. 788:

C. F. Boles, Cashier First National Bank.

G. T. Morris, Barber Shop.

CLEVELAND. OHIO.

Received from Ed L. CottreU, Lodge No. 287:

L. Kurzenberger, Groceries and Meats, 2872
W. 12th.

C. C. Stuart, Oculist 2792 W. 14th.

H. Metzger, Baker and Grocer, 8286 W. Olst

Fred Neumann. Wines and Liquors, 802 Liter-
ary Rd.

W. F. Kuder, Druggist, 2662 W. 14th.

H. D. Flandermyer, Druggist 2866 W. 11th.

F. Schwartz, Tobacco, Cigars and News, 808
Literary Rd.

MARYLAND.
Received from H. E. Eaton, Lodge No. 124:

WHITEHALL.
Joshua Hanna. Farmer and Dairyman.

MIDDLEPORT, OHIO.
Received from W. I. Spafford, Lodge No. 898:
King 8t Lewis, Clothing.

DANVILLE. ILL.,
Received from W. H. Kane. Lodge No. 688:
J. F. Burow, Groceries. Fairchild and Bow-
man avenues.

F. B. Smith Sons. Florists. 67 N. Vermillion.
J. O. Powell. Hub Furniture Co., 86-40 Jack-
son.

Drs. Walton & Williams, Physicians and Sur-
geons, 826 E. Fairchild.

LONDON, ONT.
Received from Chas. Veech, Lodge No. 416:
A. Richmond. Furniture, 656 Duiuias. j

Digitized by CjOOQIC

109t>

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL.

EAST ST. LOUIS, ILL.

Received from A. R. Fuller, Lodge No. 706:
Leange & Byron, Groceries and Provisions, 833
Broadway.

LIMA. OHIO.

Received from W. Cherry, Lodge No. 200:

B. K. Clark, Cafe, 129-181 E. Wayne.

SYRACUSE. N. Y.

Received from Frank Knight, Lodge No. 705:
Wm. P. Hart. UnderUker. 649 S. Clinton.
Tilly & Eddy, Real Estate Agents, 46 Bastable
Block.

C. Fell, News Agent, 182 Eureka.
Davis Bros., Tailors, 888 W. Fayette.

G. E. Palmer, Photographer, 846 S. Salina.

COLTON, CAL.

Received from Tim 0*Brien, Lodge No. 74:
V. C. Condon. Palace Barber Shop.
John Mynes, News Dealer.

YUMA, ARIZ,

Dunne Bros., Ruby Saloon.

Kelly Bros., Cigar Stand and Bakery.

PITCAIRN, PA.

Received from A. S. Huey, Lodge No. 439:
Milo M. Haymaker, Drug Co., 8rd.

TEMPLE, TEX.

Received from T. J. Stowers. Lodge No. 206:
Davidson & Clay, Furniture, W^ Main.
J. A. Erhard, Cotton Buyer.

D. Nickelson. Livery Stable.

READING. PA.

Received from W. H. Gibson. Lodge No. 172:
Dr. I. B. Hacker. 810 West Oley.

FARNHAM, QUE.

Received from J. D. Clement. Lodge No. 371:
M. R. Slack, Physician and Surgeon.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Received from John W. Helman, Lodge No.
174:

ALTOONA.

Dr. Oburn, 701 7th avenue.

A. Simon & Co., 1402 11th avenue.

Fluke & Keagy, 1300 11th avenue.

JUNIATA.

M. L. Reigh, Meat Market.
F. Haid. Hotel Savoy.

LOS ANGELES, CAL.

Received from Jay T. Snider, Lodge No. 74:
Sullivan & Rowe, Wholesale and Retail Hay,
Grain, Wood and Coal. 4317 S. Park avenue.
L. Lemelle, Barber, 4315 S. Park avenue.

SYRACUSE, N. Y.

Received from F. Knight, Lodge No. 705:

Hickok & Smith, Empire House.

A. J. McCarthy, News Room, Tobacco and Ci-
gars, 258 W. Washington.

H. E. Watkins. Restaurant, 240 W. Washing-
ton.

Yann & Garnett, Clothiers. 112 S. Salina.

Levey Bros., Printers, 288 E. Genesee.

Burt, The Florist, 211 E. Genesee.

L. T. Geer, Physician, 124 Merriman avenue.

L. Vinney & Co., Oothiers, 180 S. Salina.

Stetson & Crouse, Jewelers, 127 S. Salina.

Udelmer C. Adams, Hats, Caps and Furs, 128
S. Salina.

MONTPELIER. OHIO.

Received from J. B. Lane. No. 586:

Smith Bros.. Hotel and ReaUurant.

Bauer & Wells, Cafe.

E. A. Collins, Drugs.

Strayer Bros., Clothiers and Tailors.

J. F. Thome 8t Son. Model Steam Laundry.,

H. W. Wertr, Physician and Surgeon.

Ingram & Purdy, Livery.

A. E. Hammond, City Meat Market.

Louden Bros., Drugs and Groceries.

Montpelier Clothing House, Clothing.

Hub Mercantile Co., Dry Goods and Groceries.

C. Binkley, Cafe.

Dr. Wingkrd & Son, Drugs.

G. H. Becker, Dry Goods and Notions.

A. P. Rothenberger, Hardware.

J. W. Anderson. Cafe.

W. E. Scott. Dry Goods and Millinery.

O. A. Baum. Barber.

R. D. Cummins, Restaurant.

C. F. Shorter, City Grocery.

Montpelier National Bank.

W. D. Coler. City Barber Shop.

A. W. Skiles. Restaurant.

C. A. Hall. Model Bakery.

E. Rosenberger, Barber Shop.
Miller & Lamberson, Hardware.

Geo. Yeshera, Clothier and Merchant Tailor.

Bert Gause, Pool and Bowling Alley.

Beach & Son, Furniture.

Crose, Siple & Co., Hardware.

Bohner & Hause, Shoes.

Albert Wing, Jeweler and Optician.

Jno. Gamleer, Cafe.

A. H. Baldwin. Pool and Billiards.

F. H. Stewart, Hay, Grain, Seed and Coal.

PORT RICHMOND, N. Y.

Received from A. M. Goren, Lodge No. 660:
Michael M. Yantosco, Tailor, 4 Richmond Ter.

CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA.

Received f Dm H. M. Clark, Lodge No. 56:
Geo. T. Hedges & Co.. Real EsUte.
Dixon Bros., Cigar Stre, 186 F avenue, W.
The Model Qothing Store, 2d avenue, E.
L. J. Stark, Hot^l "••♦ p. ^^ j

Digitized by VjOOQIC

RAILROAD TRAINMEN'S JOURNAL. 1097

No*w for Christmas. Earn your presents by getting subscribers for the Journal. Read our
offer in the aifvertising pages ^ send for supplies and get to nuork.

CHANGE OF ADDRESS.

If your Jotimal Address is incorrect please fill out and forward this
form to D* L* CEASE» 1207 American Trusty Qeveland, O*

Change my Journal address to read:

Name Lodge No .

Street and Number _.

Ciiy State.

Date

ELECTION OF OFFICERS,

The annual eUctson of officers for the subordina lodges of the Brotherhood nvill be held at
the first meeting in December, igo/, at luhieh time the local grie<vance committees nvill also be
elected to ser*ue for the ensuing tivo years. General rule No. I reads: "All subordinate lodges
shall elect local grirvance committees for each division, or system, represented in the lodge by
fi'ue or more members, said committee to consist of ^ three, to be elected from among and By the
members in actual train or yard ser*vice on the di'vision, or system, nvhich the committee is to
represent, A member nvho holds an official, or semi-official, position nvith a railnvay company
or ivho is a member of another railnvay labor organization shall not be eligible to ser*ve on any
grievance committee, * *

Every member of the Brotherhood ought to realize *what the election of officers means to the
lodge and its nvork for the coming year. The best men for the nuork ought to be elected. There
are alavays men better fitted than others for certain service and the election ought to be conducted
luith the purpose in vievj of getting the very best men for the positions.

Let every member turn out to the first meeting and do his share tonvard placing the business
a fairs of the lodge on a good basis for the comtng year. It is one duty that ought to appeal to
every man and it is to be hoped and expected he nvill perform it judiciously and conscientiously.

NOTICE OF GRAND DUES ASSESSMENT No. Ill
JANUARY. 1908. TWENTY- FIVE CENTS.

GRAND LODGE OP THE

Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen.

OFFICE OF GRAND SECRETARY AND TREASURER.

TO SUBORDINATE LODGES: Clbvbland, Ohio. Dec. M908

Dbar Siks and Brothbis: You are hereby notified that the amount of Twenty-Five
Cents for Grand Dues Assessment No. 11 1 . for the month of January, 1 908. is due
from each and every member, and must be paid to the Financier before the first day of
January. 1908. A member falling: to make payment as herein required shall be-
come expelled without notice or action. See Section 128, Constitutioa Subordinate
Lodges.

The Financier Is required to forward said Assessment to the Grind Lodge before
Januarys. 1908. for each member on the roll, and
for members admitted or readmitted during the month of .

January the Financier; must send this Assessment with .j4^-^^j^
the report of admission as per Section lOS* Constitution -^y ^^^ -I - m

Subordinate Lodges. y

Fraternally yours. nmmieoK9mvmKm^

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OTATCMCNT OF CLAIMS PAID DUmNO THK MONTH OF OCTO»gW 190T

CLAIM NAIM hODQM, PAID TO AODBM8 AMOUHT

Geo. O. Bnabaker 516 Elizabeth Vallance, Gdn., Mt Pleasnt, MAw.|lfS600«

A. O. HempfaiU 97 Catherine A. Shedd. Gdo., Boaton. Masa... 1^0.00

Henry Schaaf 888 DeUa Schaaf, Salt Lake City, Utah 1»860.00

~^' Marie P. Lepage, Montreal. Que 500.00

T. V. Mukahy, Raleifh, W. Va 1^60.00

W. A, Roller. StaweflTl. T 1^50.00

Minnie Hampton. Hays Borough, Pa 1,860.00

1880S

18881
18870
18898
18410
18411
18418
18418
18415
18416
18417
18418
18419
18480
18481
18488
18488
18484
18485
18486
18487
18488
18489
18480
18481
18488
18488
18484
18485
18486
18487
18488
18489
18440
18441
18448
18448
18444
18445
18446
18448
18449
18450
18461
18458
18458
18454
18455
18456
18457
18468
18459
18460
18461
18468
18468

ncnr^

A. Lepage 506

Mulcahy 599

A. Roller 88

tW. Hampton 7 , , .
B. Wright 74 Anna Wright, Los AMeles, Cal 1,850.00

G. R. Fletcher 551 Matilda Ffetcher, E. Hartford, Conn 1,850.00

A. M. Storcr 807 IsabeUe Storer, Wells, Me 1,850.00

F. P. Connors 115 Marguerite Connors, Rocklord, 111 1,850.00

Owen Doyle 856 Jas. Doyle, Gdn., Moncton, N. B 1,850.00

W. T. Giddis 885 Mary E. Giddis, Kansas City, Mo 1.000.00

G. O. Conwill 810 Sallie F. ConwUL Shannon, Miss 1,850.00

Hannah Roden, Clark's Fork, Ida 1,850.00

T. L. Langworthy, Neosho, Mo 1,850.00

W. E. Bradshaw, WaUa Walla. Wash 1,860.00

Geo. Brenn, Du Bois, Pa 1,850.00

C E. Hutton, GcJden, Colo 500.00

Mancel Millhone, Denver, Colo 500.00

M. B. Hupp, Terre Haute, Ind 1.860.00

G. E. Mauc, Buffalo, N. Y 1.850.00

C. Hooper, AshUbula. Ohio 1.850.00

M. L. Maync^ Pueblo. Colo 1,860,00

C L. Lamb, Portalcs, N. M 500.00

Amy Murphy, ChicMo, 111.... ^•?SJXJ

Leonore Smucker, Sterling. Ill 600.00

Fannie Gillespie, Woodmont, Conn 1.850.00

Lena Burgess, Niagara Falls, Ont 1.000.00

E. J. Kimman 881 Nora Kimman. Gdn., Covington, Ky 1.850.00

H. E. Fly 847 Maggie & Macajah Fly, Medina, Tenn 1.860.00

C. Charrkr 509 Elvina Charrier. Ste. Henri. Que 500.00

W. L. Davis 866 Julia Etta Davis, Nashua, N. H 1,860.00

F. C. Spencer 175 feva Spencer, Grogan. Ohio 1.850.00

M. V. Reed 670

J. L. Langworthy .... 107
W. E. Bradshaw ....667

Geo. Brenn 468

C E. Hutton 98

Mancel Millhone .... 80

M. B. Hupp 281

G. E. Maue 187

J. C. Hooper 821

M. L. Mayne 401

C. L. Lamb 460

Thoa. Murphy, No. 8. 4

S. W. Smucker 484

T. J. GiUespie 201

Wm. Burgess 879 „ ,

Robt. A. Warfel ....786 Mary J. Warfel, Conemaugh, Pa 1.850.00

F. C. Winn 897 Dcstie Winn, Hudson, Mich 1.860.00

Henry Orrell 207 Zulette M. Orrell, Seymour, Ind 1,860.00

C H. Murphy 10 Mary Murphy, JanesviUe. WU 1.860.00

Lenton Dussingcr ...178 jno. Dusdnger, Reading, Pa 1.850.00

Ben CUy 248 Mary Qay, Chillicothe, Ohio 1,850.00

G. A. Millett 404 Nora E. MiUett, Cambridge, Mass 1,850.00

Lewis Norton 47 Thirza Norton. St Thomas, Ont 500.00

Tno. Magee 219 Jennie Magee, So. Orange, N. J 1,850.00

__. Hayes 889 KatherineHayes, Chicago. Dl 1,850.00

E. J. Kimman 881 Nora Kimman. Gdn.j„ Covin^n, Ky 1.850.00

c' -"' ^

F. V,. i^jFciivci Ai V tVB opcDCcr, v>ruK«o, vriuw

H. D. Guinney 618 Rebeccah Guinney, Monett, Mo 1.850.00

D. M. Eraser 507 Minnie Eraser. Dorchester. Mass 500.00

R. A. Laubach 698 Lixzie Laubach. Newberry, Pa 1.850.00

B. J. Hesse 9 TiUie Hesse, Mason Oty, I*.... J'KSSS

Jno. QowcTS 588 MoUie Qowers, Wiltewton. W. Va 1,850.00

E. L. G. Rehkopf ...706 Georgian Rehkopf, E. St. Louis. Ill 1,850.00

D. C. Weihcr 54 Fannie M. Weiher. Belltvue, Ohio 1.850.00

E. L. Fomwalt 48 Amey E. Fomwalt. West Fairview, Pa 1.850.00

Wm. West 788 Sarah H. West, Glenns Ferry. Ida 1,850.00

W. H. Ross 616 Maggie Ross, Heltonvflle, Ind 1,850.00

Taa. S. Anderson ....188 Maud Anderson, Chester. Pa.... 500.00

IL a. Gallagher 71 Fterence Gallagher, OakUnd, Cal ^'^'^

18464 J. B. Eisenberger ....258 J. B. Eisenberger, Matamoras, Pa ^•?52??

18465 W. E. Swett 898 W. E. Swett, j&oulton. Me 500.00

18466 S. H. Sinkhom 148 S. H. Sinkhom, Cincinnati, Ohio 500.00

18467 ^ ~ ~ ■ -.«^iw.

18468
18469
18470
18471
18478
18478
18474
18475
18476
18478
18479
18480
18481
18488
18484
18485
18486
18487
18488
18489
18490
18491
18498
18498
18495
18496
18497
18498
13499

Ray Miller 74 Ray Miller, Los Angeks. Cal ^^'?Si

J. J. Brown 88 J. J. Brown, Portland, Me ^•fPJ'SS

L. Ashcraft *. 478 AtheKa Ashcraft. OaysvUle, Ky 1,850.00

W. N. Frost 199 Ola L. Frost, Erie, Pa 1,850.J0

A. W. Sturtevant ...570 Alida H. Sturtevant, Minneapolis. Minn 1,850.00

E. N. Stanton 148 Etna D. SUnton, Syracuse. N. Y 1.850.00

Robt. Hompstead ....889 Lina Hompstead, Knife River. Minn 1,850.00

E, H. Hoover 418 Emma J. Hoover, Edinburg, Va 1,850.00

N. St Denis 885 Mary R. St Denis, Manchester, N. H I.850.9 ^

Albert CUyton 888 Ida May Qayton, Jersey City, N. J ^^i'^ •

L. G. Banks 148 Minnie L. Banks, Corry, Pa I***?-??

Thos. J. Downs 146 Mary L. Downs, New Yort N. Y ^•!!2-55

E. S. Sturtevant ....288 Nellte M. Sturtevant, Memck, Mass ,... 1^0.00

J. A. Knapp 377 Annie R. Knapp, BarHe, Ont IJOOO.OO

C. E. Rowand 818 Rosa L. Elliott, Littleton. W. Va 1,850.00

Harry Jenkins 240 Mary Jenkins, London. Ont 500.00

R. R. Fisher 805 R. R. Fisher. Benton. Ark 1.860.00

OUver Caldwell 816 Ada Caldwell. Windsor, Ont 1.850.00

O. W. Edwards 708 Martha Edwards. West BrownsvUle. Pa 1,850.00

J. T. McCort 720 J. T. McCort, Atlanta, Ga 1,850.00

D. M. Miller 18 Margaret E. Miller, Appleton City, Mo 1,880.00

C B. Gooch 88" " * ~ ^

A. MerriU 71

R. O. Hanson 188

Jno. Warren Ott 868

C. A. Anderson 404 ^_. __ ,,

F. J. Carter 468 Sarah E. Carter, Baltimore, Md ^^^»^

W.T.Pierce 479 Irene Pierce, cSiicago. HI 1.880.00

Harry A. Smith 580 AugusU Sm!th,_ Butte. Mont 1.860.00

Lixiie Gooch, McKlnnev, Ky... l,85O.00r

Jessie Holcomb, Yates Center. Kans 500.00

R. O. Hanson, Escanaba, Mkh 1.000.00

DeUa Ott, Long Bn^cfa. N. J 500.00

Jas. AnderaonrVobttrn, Mass 1,000.00

r j\, 10UUUI .....vow r&u||uau» .auuui, jduli^, »»wu»

Howells 686 Alke HoweUs, Hamilton, Ont.

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