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Meetings

The Regular Meetings are on the second Monday of each
lonth from October to May, except that the Annual Meeting is on
le 13th of October.

Publications

Of many of our Publications the edition is exhausted, but
have

Battle of Fort George, republished.

Letters of Mrs. Wm. Dummer Powell, 1807-1821.

Sir Isaac Brock, Count de Puisaye, republished

Ten Years of the Colony of Niagara.

Early History of St. Mark's, Robert Gourlay, etc. -

Inscriptions and Graves in the Niagara Peninsula. Paice 40

cents, No 10, leprinted with additions, -
Reminiscences of Fenian Raid, etc.

Historic Buildings, Churches, No. 7, reprinted with additions.
Some Graves in Lundy's Lane.
Fort Niagara, Col. MacDougal.
Catalogue.

The Present Number
Our exchange List now numbers fifty.

The Historical Room is open every Saturday afternoon from 3
5, in winter, and in summer also on Wednesday.

We have now a membership of over two hundred.

Ducit Bmor

NIAGARA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

NO. 17

Cen years of
the Colony of Hiagara

1780=1790

By Lieut. -Colonel E. Cruikshank.

PRICE, 2O CTS.

—

1908

TRIBUNE PRINT, WELLAND

THE COLONY OF NIAGARA, 1780-90.

There is usually a romantic interest connected with the struggles
of an infant colony which seldom accompanies its riper years. This
is specially true in respect to the loyalist settlements in Upper Can-
ada, which have since grown into the present prosperous Province of
Ontario, as they owed their existence to the throes and turmoil of a
prolonged and disastrous civil war, and may be said in a manner to
have been born prematurely and out of due time.

The settlement at Niagara actually preceded that at the Bay of
Quinte by nearly four years. The scheme of promoting a colony of
farmers here had its origin in the great difficulty that had been
experienced in supplying the garrisons of Fort Niagara and its
dependent posts with provisions, as transportation was both pre-
carious and expensive. The excellence of the vegetables grown in
the military gardens established at this and other posts had become
known to General Haldimand, the Governor General, many years
before, while a regimental officer, and suggested the idea of their
development until they were capable of supplying the troops stationed
^there with everything they required for food.

It was first definitely proposed by him, in a letter to Lord
George Germain, the Secretary for War and the Colonies, in a letter
dated 13th September, 1779:

" By encouraging the settlement of farmers to raise grain and
cattle in the vicinity, the security of these posts would be increased
and the troops better supplied. This plan would be attended by
some additional expense for two or three years, but he anticipated
that in as many more would amply repay it."

By the third article of a treaty concluded by Sir William
Johnson at Johnson Hall on the 3d of April, 1764, the Senecas had
agreed to " cede to His Majesty and his successors forever in full
right the lands from the fort of Niagara extending easterly along
Lake Ontario about four miles, comprehending the Petit Marais or
landing place, and running from thence southerly about 14 miles to
the creek above Fort Schlosser or Little Niagara, and down the same
to the river or strait, thence down the river or strait and across the
same at the great cataract, thence northerly to the banks of Lake
Ontario at a creek or small lake about two miles west of the fort,
thence easterly along the banks of Lake Ontario and across the river
or strait to Niagara, comprehending the whole of the carrying place.

with the lands on both sides of the strait, and containing a tract of
about fourteen miles in length and four in breadth."
"*~- This cession was subsequently confirmed by a treaty with the
Missassaugas, who claimed ownership in the lands on the west side.
In the autumn of 1778 a range of log barracks had been built for the
rangers on that side and occupied by them since its completion. It
was in the vicinity of this building that it was now proposed to form
a settlement. Lieut.-Colonel Mason Bolton, commanding the garri-
son of Fort Niagara, had at first treated the whole proposal with
marked coolness. " It would require seven years," he wrote " to
bring land under cultivation to supply the garrison. We must be
cautious how we encroach on the land of the Six Nations, as wre have
informed them that the Great King never deprived them of an acre
since 1759, when he drove the French away."

Later on he modified this opinion considerably. " The gentle-
men I have consulted think, both from the soil and situation, the
west side of the river, (the country belonging to the Missassaugas
and in the Government of Canada,) by far preferable to the east and
where none of these difficulties can arise, and are of opinion an
opportunity now offers to make a beginning by encouraging some of
the distressed loyalists lately arrived at this post for His Majesty's
protection. With the little stock they have brought, the second year
they might possibly support themselves and families, and the third
year they might be useful to this port. From that period the increase
would be considerable, so that in six or seven years such a plan
would be serviceable to the Government and the individuals that
would undertake it."

The only previous attempt to cultivate the soil on the west bank
by white men seems to have been that made by LaSalle in the sum-
mer of 1679, as recorded by Hennepin.

" We endeavoured several times to ascend the current of the
strait into Lake Erie, but the wind was not yet strong enough. We
were therefore obliged to wait until it should be more favorable.

" During this detention the Sieur de LaSalle employed our men
in preparing some ground on the western side of the strait of Niagara,
where we planted some vegetables for the use of those who should
come to live at this place for the purpose of keeping up a communi-
cation between the vessels and maintaining a correspondence from
lake to lake. We found in this place some wild chervil -and garlic,
which grow spontaneously."

As the French portage was subsequently established on the
opposite shore no effort was made to continue this early attempt at
gardening.

** In a letter dated March 17th, 1780, Lord Germain approved

Haldimand's proposal and soon after receiving this, the latter care-
fully discussed the best means of carrying it into effect: with Lieut.-
Colonel Butler, who had opportunely arrived at Quebec. The result
of this conference was communicated to Lieut.-Colonel Bolton in a
letter of July 7th.

" Having materially reflected upon the vast expense, uncertainty
and difficulty attending the transport of provisions to the Upper
Posts, and for the better accommodation of His Majesty's loyal sub-
jects, who, driven from their homes, take refuge at Niagara, I am
come to a resolution to reclaim the land granted by the Missassaugas
to Sir William Johnson for the Crown, situated on the south-west of
the river opposite the fort, directions of which will be communicated
to you by another letter, which lands will be divided into several
lots and distributed to such loyalists who are capable of improving
them, and desirous of procuring by industry a comfortable mainten-
ance for their families until such time as by peace they shall be
restored to their respective homes, should they be disposed to quit
their situation at Niagara."

"As the above mentioned grant will be reclaimed at the expense
of the Government, and of course remain at all times the property of
the Crown and annexed to the fort, those who settle on it are not to
consider that they have the smallest right to any part thereof, the
produce alone excepted being their property. They will hold their
possessions from year to year, which will be granted to them, by the
• Commander-in-Chief for the time being as their property according
to their merits. If at any time they should remove, either from
inclination or by order of the commanding officer, they are to have
permission to dispose of their crops, stock of cattle, etc., and a reason-
able allowance will be made to them for their improvements. For
their further encouragement no rent will be required of them. They
will be allowed a reasonable amount of provisions for the space of
twelve months after they are put in possession of their lots. Seed,
mills, ploughs and other implements of husbandry will be furnished
them gratis, and you will please to afford them every assistance,
whether of horses or otherwise, to those whose sobriety, industry and
good conduct may entitle to such indulgence.

" Some part of the land being already cleared, and all of it being
fertile, it is expected that in a short time the produce will be con-
siderable.

" The settlers are therefore to understand that the produce of
their farms over and above their own consumption is not to be
removed from the post, but disposed of to the commanding officer for
the use of the troops, and not to traders or accidental travellers."

Six days later he wrote again to Bolton on the same subject :

" By my letter of the 7th inst., which will be delivered to you
by Lieut.-Col'onel Butler, you will be made acquainted with my
intentions of settling families at Niagara for the purpose of reclaim-
ing and cultivating lands to be annexed to the fort. The expediency
of this measure is sufficiently evident, not only by the injury the
service has and must always suffer from a want of a sufficient supply
of provisions as well for the present unavoidable consumption of the
Indians as for the support of the troops, it may be necessary occa-
sionally to march into that country, but likewise to diminish the
immense expense and labor attending so difficult and distant a

transport."

**********

" Lieut.-Colonel Butler, with whom I have conversed fully upon
this subject, has promised to give you every assistance in his power,
and from his knowledge of farming, his being upon the spot and his
acquaintance and influence with those who may be found to settle, I
am persuaded you will find him very useful. I have conversed fully
with him upon this subject and have desired him to engage any
loyalists he may find, proper persons, about Montreal and to take them
up with him. He informs me there are some good families in his
corps, either advancing in years or having large families, he could
dispense with. You will probably find these fit persons to employ,
the more so as they are likely to have assistance in clearing, etc.,
from their comrades, but amongst those kind of people little can be
expected without a gratuity, and as that business must be done by
volunteers and fatigue men, I request that you furnish Colonel Butler
from the King's store a sufficient quantity."

Soon after Butler's return to Niagara the work of clearing and
breaking up land was begun with the intention of putting in grain
that fall, and on December 17th he reported progress :

" The winter wheat sent up for planting came too late. I have
returned it into the commissary's store as provision, fearing the mice
would destroy it. I have got four or five families settled and they
have built themselves houses. They will want about sixty bushels
of spring wheat and oats and twelve of buckwheat, and a barrel of
Indian corn early in the spring for planting. The harness sent up is
not of the kind wanted, but if dressed leather was sent up I would

some of the rangers to make it. The forge Captain Twiss was to
a .ve sent for the farmers is not arrived, please put him in mind of it."

Our only knowledge of the growth of the settlement during the
-t year is derived from Butler's letters. On May 20th he wrote to
. i.ajor Mathews, military secretary to the Governor General :

" The articles you mentioned for the loyalists I have received
and given out to such as had land ready to sow. The farmers are

much in need of a blacksmith and forge and iron such as is fit for
plowshares, as there is still a few wanting for farmers already settled.
Iron fit for axes, hoes, etc., is also wanting. I can furnish them with
a smith out of the rangers, who will be obliged to work for what the
King allows. I should imagine if His Excellency thinks proper to
allow the above articles for one year they might after that be able
to help themselves. On December 7th he wrote again in sanguine
terms :

" The winter being so moderate here enables the farmers to clear
the ground and prepare it for planting and sowing early in the spring.
If they only begin to cultivate the land in summer the season is over
before they can expect to draw any subsistence from their labor. I
flatter myself that in a short time the famers will be found to be of
essential use to this post. They have maintained themselves since
September last, and were only allowed half rations from the first."

From a letter written by Colonel Watson Powell, who had
succeeded Lieut.-Colonel Bolton at Fort Niagara, we learn that Fort
Erie had been greatly damaged by the spring gales and much of the
face next the lake had been washed away by high water. The
Detroit merchants, having no shelter for their goods at that place, had
asked the engineer to mark out a site for a storehouse, and leave was
granted to John Garner, who had come from England the year before,
to build one for them.

On April 4th, 1782, Colonel Powell reported that "the rangers
are clearing some ground on the other side of the river to plant corn
for Government, and as there is some exceeding good land at Buffalo
Creek Colonel Butler has advised me to plant some there, and a
party shall be sent, but I am afraid no great progress can be made
this year in farming."

Butler continued hopeful, however, and, replying to a letter from
Major Mathews on June 12th, he said :

" I am happy His Excellency is pleased with the progress of the
farmers. They have certainly done very well and would have done
much better had the}' received smithy tools, provisions, &c., the want
of which has disappointed them, as they expected to be supplied,
agreeable to the memorandum His Excellency gave me.

" Seven or eight rangers got their families from the frontier
last fall. These with some others that have been here for some time
are desirous of being discharged with leave to settle on lands near
the place, provided they can be supplied with provisions for one year,
and such smith work as may be necessary. These people were bred
farmers, and I am of opinion will soon be useful to this post, as well
as to enable them to support their families comfortably, which at
present is very difficult.

" I daily expect a number of recruits from the frontier, which
will enable me to keep my corps complete after discharging those
people that are in the decline of life, also having large families."

So many young men from the frontier settlements had joined
the loyalists in Canada that the legislature of New York had passed
a statute by which the whole estate of any person whose son "had
gone off to and joined the enemy was made liable to a special tax or
tine of nine pence in the pound, and providing further that when any
person shall have two sons gone off' to and joined the enemy the sum
assessed upon such person shall be doubled, and when there were
three sons the said sum shall be trebled and in like proportion for
each additional son."

I In the course of the letter just quoted Butler stated that Peter
'and James Secord, two of the farmers already settled, were about to
build a saw and grist mill near the Ranger's barracks, the iron work
and mill stones for which they intended to buy at Montreal, and
requested that these materials might be brought up for them in the
King's ships, without charge. They were informed in reply that
private ownership of this mill would not be sanctioned, but that the
Government would furnish the materials and the Secords would be
paid for their work.

On June 27th Colonel Powell wrote describing the preparations
for strengthening the garrison at Oswego :

"A few days before the departure of the Indians for Oswego
they requested that I should visit and christen their village, which
is about eight miles from hence, (Fort Niagara,) and two miles on
the left of the landing'. I accordingly went and found a great num-
ber of the Mohawks and some of the other nations very comfortably
settled and their fields well planted with Indian corn, and as they
were desirous of having a name expressive at the same time of their
loyalty and unanimity, their village was christened the Loyal Con-
federate Valley. ******

In respect to your wish of knowing

what progress has been made here, it is impossible to ascertain as the
farmers raised scarcely enough for their own consumption. The
small quantity of Indian corn purchased for the Government was
raised by Capt. Brant's volunteers at Buffalo Creek."

It was probably in compliance with Haldimand's request that
Butler prepared an official survey of the settlement, on August 25th,
which shewed that sixteen families, numbering sixty-eight persons,
had settled. They owned 49 horses, 42 cattle, 30 sheep and 103 hogs.
These earliest settlers were Isaac Dolson, Peter Secord, John Secord,
James Secord, George Stuart, George Fields, John Depue, Daniel
Howe, Elijah Phelps, Philip Bender, Samuel Lutz, Michael Showers,

Hermanns House, Thomas McMicking, Adam Young and McGregor
Van Every.* The Secords, Fields, Depue, Bender and Showers seem
to have corne from the Susquehanna Valley in Pennsylvania, the
others from various parts of Tryon County in New York.

The same return states that the "expenses for building a saw
and grist mill" at Peter Secord's farm will amount to £500 N. Y.
currency, for cutting and hauling boards and timber, building, digging,
and filling in both dams, nails, iron, stones, bolting cloth and saws
excepted.

" The saw mill to be built first to get boards and small timber
for the grist mill.

" The expense at the head of Four Mile Creek will amount to
£50 more, where there is plenty of water, which the other has not."

Rumours of the probable terms upon which peace would be
concluded caused great uneasiness, both among the loyalists and
Indians, who began to apprehend the entire withdrawal of the British
troops from the continent. The discontent among the latter finally
increased to such an alarming degree that Colonel Maclean, who had
succeeded Colonel Powell at Niagara, felt obliged to reassure them at
a special council held for that purpose on December 12th, 1782. "I
said, in respect to their situation being worse than ours," he wrote soon
after, " that in some respect this was very true, but that in general it
was not. There are now men upon this ground whose situation is
exactly similar to yours in respect to the rebels, and in some degree
worse. Many of their friends have been put to death and they have
been obliged to take banishment, forsake their country and leave all
their property behind."

He also stated that Lieut. Brass, formerly Sergeant Brass, now
employed to build a corn and saw mill, says he will undertake to
complete the dam and finish the two mills at the expense of £500 N
Y. currency, or to be paid so much a day for the time employed, as he
is to be chief workman himself."

Butler was seriously ill for many weeks during the winter, but
had sufficiently recovered by the 3rd of March to write : —

" The farmers actually settled here are not well satisfied with
the uncertain tenure in which they hold their lands and improvements,
and would rather be subject to a small rent if they could be more
effectually secured to them. Should this be done I am satisfied there
are some people of that description who have even property in the
colonies who would not think of returning.

" The saw and grist mills are both in forwardness and if the
materials from below arrive in time I imagine may be set going by
the beginning of June."

*See Appendix.

The discontent of the settlers was soon afterwards set forth in
the following petition :

" To John Butler, Esq., Lieut.-Col., commandant of the corps of
Rangers, etc.

" The humble address of farmers residing on lands on the west
side of the River Niagara :

" On our first settling you were pleased to read His Excellency
General Haldimand's proposals on which we settled, and expecting
one year's provisions and a blacksmith to work for us, which we have
not had as yet. Part only of the provisions has been given us.

We shall esteem it a singular favor to lay this before Brig.
Gen. Maclean. We should be forever obliged to His Excellency if
he will be pleased to grant us leases or some other security for our
farms, as our present uncertain situation is very discouraging, as we
are obliged to sell our produce, what little we raise, at such prices as
the commanding officer thinks proper. WTe have no objection to
furnish the garrison at a reasonable price, what quantity they may
want, to be fixed by the commanding officer ; at the same time beg
leave to sell to merchants and others at the price we can agree from
being obliged to pay merchants their own price for everything we
^want. We should be very willing to subject ourselves to a rent for
our farms after a term of eight years, as the footing we are on at
present we are liable to be turned off our places when the command-
ing officer pleases. We are happy for the present, being not under
the slightest apprehension, but the commandant often changes, which
makes our stay uncertain.

ISAAC DOLSON,
ELIJAH PHELPS,
THOS. McMicKiNG,
DONAL BEE.

" On behalf of ourselves and the rest of the farmers."

The conclusion of the definitive treaty of peace put an end to
any lingering hopes the loyalists may have still entertained of return-
ing to their former homes to live, although it contained a provision
specially framed for their benefit.

General Maclean wrote on May 3rd, 1783, that Colonel Butler
says that none of his people will ever think of going to attend courts
of law in the colonies, where they could not expect the shadow of
justice, and that to repurchase their estates is what they are not able
to do ; that for a much smaller sum the Missassaugas will part with
twelve miles more along the lake, and that they would rather go to
Japan than go among the Americans, where they could never live
in peace."

An Albany newspaper of May 26th, received at Niagara early
in June, showed clearly that this surmise as to the intentions of their
late opponents was fully justified. It contained the following report
of the proceedings of a public meeting called to consider the terms of
peace :

"At a meeting of the inhabitants of the district of Saratoga, the
6th of May, 1783, the following resolutions were unanimously passed
and ordered to be published in the New York Gazette :

" Resolved, that if any person who has voluntarily joined the
late enemy of the United "States and who shall hereafter return to
this district, such person will be treated with the severity due to his
crimes and infamous defection.

" Resolved, that if any such person has already returned since
the first day of January last and shall not remove before the tenth
day of June next, he shall be treated in like manner as those who
shall presume to return hereafter.

" Resolved, that it be and is hereby recommended that the militia
officers of this district in their several beats to make diligent inquiry
after such persons as are above described, and if any are found, to
give notice to the inhabitants of this district that effectual measures
shall be taken for their expulsion.

" Resolved, that we will hold in contempt every inhabitant of
this district who shall countenance, comfort or aid in any way any
person who has voluntarily joined the enemy or attempted to do so.

" SAM. BACON, Clerk."

On June 10th Maclean wrote that the Indians were behaving
well, and would not believe any bad stories. The mills were in course
of construction but none of the iron work necessary to complete had
yet arrived from Montreal. The farmers were bringing in wheat to
exchange for flour and had already brought in double the quantity
they had the. year before. This would be useless to the garrison if
the grist mill was not finished. He thought the saw mill would pay
the expense of building it in six months.

A Moravian clergyman, Mr. Bull, whose son and daughter had
perished in the massacre of the Indians at the Delaware villages the
year before, came in with a letter from the American General Lincoln
and asked permission for himself and companions to live at the
settlement of Moravian Indians near Detroit, who some years later
removed to the township of Delaware in Upper Canada. They
declared that they were determined "never to place themselves near
Congress, as they would rather retire beyond Hudson's Bay." Mac-
lean added that a few more resolutions like those passed at Saratoga
would be sufficient to set the war going again, and accused General

Schuyler of being the chief instigator of them, as he had been a large
purchaser of the confiscated estates of the loyalists in that locality.

Haldimand was unable to do more at that time than express his
hearty sympathy, and desire to assist the exiles.

" I feel much for the distress of the unfortunate people," he
wrote on the 14th of June. " Next to the obedience and submission
which I owe to the pleasure of my royal master, the hopes of my
being by my own command in this country instrumental in alleviating
their distress are the greatest consolation which I promise myself in
my present situation."

Some discontent among the Indians was soon after excited by a
report that Sir John Johnson had gone to Cataraqui to arrange for a
settlement of the Mohawks. Emissaries from Congress were con-
stantly at work among them and they seemed to grow restless as the
summer advanced.

Deserters from the Rangers and Sir John Johnson's corps were
sent back by the Americans, while those from the regular regiments
were allowed to remain among them. This discrimination was appar-
ently intended to deter all loyalists from returning to claim their
property.

On the first day of August some enterprising traders from
Schenectady arrived with three batteaux loaded with rum, which
they intended to use in trading with the Indians at the upper posts.
They were detained and eventually sent back. The resident mer-
chants, Hamilton and Cartwright, John Thompson, Douglas and
Symington, and Samuel Street and Company united in a strong pro-
test against the admission of traders bringing goods from the United
States, and in consequence orders were then issued to stop all such
persons at Oswego before they entered Lake Ontario.

Rum was sold by all the merchants and Maclean complained
bitterly of the trouble it caused, not only among the Indians but with
the soldiers and seamen.

" It is a pity," he declared in one of his letters, " that such a
cursed liquor as rum was ever found out. I have more plague with
rum than with all other business. The seamen must have it, for it is
part of their wages and they will desert or mutiny if they do not
get it."

In August Major Potts of the 8th Regiment, who had been
instructed to inspect the Rangers, made his report :

" During the course of the war, upon the service they have been
employed." he wrote, " I believe they have ever in general behaved
very well and done their duty and are deserving of whatever His
Majesty may be graciously pleased to favor or reward them with.

" But I must not omit to observe to Your Excellency that two-

thirds of the private men are at present as fine fellows as I ever saw
collected together, worthy of applause, and by no means wanting in
the requisites to effect in every respect good soldiers, and might,
should they be wanted, form a most complete small corps at 50 men
per company, and might answer every purpose that could be wished
for to effect the service of the upper country regarding the connec-
tion with the Indians.

" The late views of a great part of the corps were to return to
their former homes as soon as a reduction should take place, but the-
late publications of the colonists and the disposition they seem to
have avowed to abide by them, has much abated the ardor and
anxiety of the men on the purpose to return home and the promises
of Colonel Butler to obtain some general settlement for them upon
the neighbouring lands of this lake and river seems to have, taken up
and engaged both their consideration, hope, wishes and expectation
that they may succeed in grants of land to that end, which I believe
that most of them at present are disposed to settle upon."

A return was annexed to his report from which it appears that
the strength of the corps at that time was as follows :

Lieut.-Colonel Butler's company — Forty men, twelve women,
nineteen boys, seventeen girls. '

Captain Caldwell's company — Forty-six men, seven women,
seven boys, seven girls.

Captain Ten Broeck's company — Forty-four men, ten women, ten
boys, ten girls.

Captain Macdonnel's company — Fifty-three men, eleven women,
twelve boys, nine girls.

Captain Hare's company — Fifty-two men, nine women ten boys,
fourteen girls.

""* Captain Frey's company — Thirty-nine men, sixteen women,
thirteen boys, seventeen girls.

Captain McKinnon's company — Forty-six men, eight women,
eleven boys, sixteen girls.

Captain Bradt's company — Forty-nine men, ten women, fourteen
boys, eleven girls.

Captain Dame's company — Forty-nine men, nineteen women,
eighteen boys, twenty-four girls.

Captain Genevay's company — Fifty-one men, nine women, eight
boys, nine girls.

A great gale in the middle of October proved disastrous to the
shipping on Lake Erie. The Faith, loaded with flour and provisions,
was wrecked at Long Point, and the Hope and Angelica were driven
ashore near Presqu' Isle on the south shore. All of these vessels were
a total loss, but a portion of their cargoes was saved.

Instructions for the survey and grant of lands to the loyalists
had been approved and signed by the King on the 16th of July.

" Whereas many of our loyal subjects, inhabitants of the Colonies
and Provinces, now the United States of America, are desirous of
retaining their allegiance to us and of living in our Dominions, and
for this purpose are disposed to take up and improve lands in our
Province of Quebec, and we, being desirous to encourage our said
loyal subjects in such their intentions, and to testify our approbation
of their loyalty to us and obedience to our Government by allotting
lands for them in our said Province ;

"And whereas we are also desirous of testifying our approbation
of the bravery and loyalty of our forces serving in our said Province,
and who may be reduced there by allowing a certain quantity of land
to such of the non-com missioned officers and privates, men of our
own forces, who are inclined to become settlers therein, it is our
will and pleasure that immediately after you receive this instruction
you do direct our Surveyor General of Lands for our said Province of
Quebec to admeasure and lay out such a quantity of land as you,
with the advice of our Council shall deem necessary and convenient
for the settlement of our said loyal subjects and the non-commis-
sioned officers and private men of our forces which may be reduced
in our said Province, who shall be desirous of becoming settlers
therein, such lands to be divided into districts, seigniories or fiefs to
extend from two to four leagues in front and from three to five
leagues in depth if situate upon a navigable river, otherwise to run
square or in such shape or in such quantities as shall be convenient
and practicable, and in each seigniory a glebe to be reserved and laid
out in the most convenient spot, to contain not less than 300 or more
than 500 acres, the propriety of which seigniories or fiefs shall be
and remain vested in us, our heirs and successors, and you shall allot
such pait of the same as shall be applied for by any of our said loyal
subjects, non-commissioned officers and private men of our forces,
reduced as aforesaid, in the following proportions, that is to say :

" To every master of a family one hundred acres and fifty acres
for each person of which his family shall consist.

" To every single man fifty acres.

" To every non-commissioned officer of our forces reduced in
Quebec two hundred acres.

" To every private man reduced as aforesaid one hundred acres.

" To every person in their family fifty acres.

" The said lands to be held under us, our heirs and successors,
seigniors of the said seigniories or fiefs in which the same shall be
situated, upon the same terms, acknowledgments and services as lands
are held in our said Province under the respective seigniors holding

said River La Tranche, forming the south course to thermouth of aid
Cattish Creek, thence down Lake Erie to the lands heretofore pur-
chased from the nation of Mississagas Indians, and from thence al
the said purchase to Lake Ontario at the place of beginning. The
consideration paid was eleven hundred and eighty pounds, seven
shillings and four pence, and the purchase was roughly estimated to
contain 2,842,480 acres, the price agreed upon apparently bein,
tenth of a penny per acre.

Two months later, (21st July,) Colonel De Peyster wrote i
the survey had not yet been commenced, nor had the agricultural
implements arrived which Haldimand had promised to send up from
Montreal. He enclosed a list of disbanded rangers, Brant's volui-
teers and other loyalists who had applied for lands, numbering 25-'
Their families comprised ninety-nine women, 148 children over te
years of age and 115 under ten years of age.*

During the summer Reverend John Stuart, formerly Anglica)
missionary at Fort Hunter in the Mohawk valley, visited Niag«-<
when he preached in the garrison and afterwards at the Moha
village in a " decent, commodious church erected by themselves,
also baptised 102 Indian children and live adults who had b
instructed by his Indian clerk. Before the end of the year mos
the Six Nations, except the Senecas and a number of Oneidas, On
dagas and Tuscaroras removed to the Grand River. Early in 1785
the 8th or King's Regiment, which had been stationed for nearly
twenty years at the " upper posts," was relieved by the 34th and
returned to England, leaving, however, a considerable number
discharged soldiers to swell the number of the settlers. Colonel De;
Peyster was succeeded by Major Campbell, who was soon af
seriously alarmed by rumours of a conspiracy of the Americans s
Indians to capture that post by a sudden attack. When this became
known to the settlers they volunteered their services almost to a man
for its defence.

Captain John Dease, who was acting as superintendent of the
Six Nations during the absence in England of Lieut. Colonel Butler,
writes on September 16th, 1785 :

" The settlement on the Grand River is in a very promising state.
My last returns from thence, which I am sure are accurate, make
the number settled there a thousand souls. I am certain there woi
have been as many more if I could have encouraged them, but that
I declined, being unwilling to increase the expenditure of provisions.
The Senecas assure me that should the Americans take possession jf
these posts they intend to remove to Long Point on the opposite or
north side of Lake Erie. Their principal Chief Kayenguarghthon

*Appendix C

deserves particular notice on account of his steady attachment to
Government.

" The present state of the Indian trade requires regulation. A
number of people belonging to the disbanded troops have settled
themselves among the Indians on purpose to avoid the restraints of
law, there unmolested. They exercise every species of cheating, etc.;
their continual jealousies and quarrels give the Indians the most
unfavourable impressions of us. Formerly no person was permitted
to trade without a written permission from the Superintendent of
Indian Affairs. Now every idle fellow commences Indian trader."

Several retired officers of the department had also settled in the
>rve and obtained extensive grants of land. Among these may be
'timed Captain John Dochstader, who acquired the greater part of
'°\e present township of Canboro; Captain Hendrick Nelles and his
)VJ/e sons, who obtained a tract three miles square, and Adam Young
^nd his three sons, a smaller tract, both lying in the present township
J^(f Seneca.

On the 5th November, 1785, Colonel Henry Hope, who had just
fc>een appointed Lieut. Governor of the Province of Quebec, made the
siollowing report to Lord Sydney:

" By the arrival of Captain Barnes of the Quartermaster
^beneral's Department, who, together with Mr. De Lancey the Inspec-
tor of loyalists, had been sent through all the settlements with a
'View of collecting a just state of the condition and circumstances of
8 the loyalist settlers in this province to be laid before His Majesty's
aministers, I am enabled to inform Your Lordship that those persons
°are in general highly satisfied with the prospects before them, and
^are grateful for the bounty and indulgencies Government has liber-
pally bestowed. The improvements have been rapid and such as to
' promise a permanent prosperity to these His Majesty's subjects, but
1 must beg leave to submit to Your Lordship my well grounded
apprehensions that these flattering appearances will in a great
measure be obscured if some extension is not given to the period
during which the loyalists settled in this Province are to receive
His Majesty's bounty of provisions.

" For Your Lordship's more perfect understanding of this subject
it may be necessary that I should state to you that, in compliance
with the instructions and intentions of the Right Honourable the
Board of Treasury, signified in a letter from George Rose, Esq., dated
Treasury Chambers, 7th June last, to Lieutenant Governor Hamilton,
the distribution of provisions to Loyalists throughout this Province
is only to be made to the 1st of June, 1786.

"As I perceived, however, on perusing a letter from Your Lord-
ship to Lieut. Governor Hamilton, dated 27th April last, that the
determination for continuing an allowance of provisions to Loyalists
was consequent upon Governor Haldimand's representations to Your
Lordship that such continuance was absolutely necessary to the
middle of June, 1786, I have thought it incumbent on me therefore
to state to the Right Honourable the Board of Treasury my doubts
whether His Majesty's intentions were not that an allowance should
be continued to be delivered to the period assigned by General
Haldirnand and to request their Lordships' further instructions
thereupon.

" From the circumstances, as represented by Captain Barnes,
that the settlers, before it could be notified to them that all allow-
ance was to cease on the 1st June, 1786, had sown the whole produce
of this year's crop, which leaves them without resources from that
period until the crop of next year can be reaped, and that if an
allowance is withdrawn before the 1st September next many of them
must inevitably quit the lands on which they are settled, to their
utter ruin and disappointment, I now think myself called to solicit
on behalf of these faithful and hitherto unfortunate subjects of His
Majesty Your Lordship's interference and protection, trusting you
will use your influence to procure for them the allowance for their
existence from 1st June to 1st September next.

" The quantities of wild pigeons and fish, which are taken in
abundance during the same period, will contribute to their support,
and I conceive an allowance of one pound of flour per day for grown
persons and half that quantity for those under ten years would
enable them to live on their lands to the 1st September, after which
the crop of that year will abundantly support them."

On the petition of many of the settlers the Lieutenant Governor
recommended that they should be allowed to build necessary grist
mills at their own expense, and in order to indemnify them l;hey
should be granted the right of " Bandalite " for fifteen years. This
was assented to by the Legislative Council and regulations were
framed with that object, under which authority would be granted for
the erection of a grist mill in any township or seigniory on or before
the 1st of November, and on condition that such mills should be kept
in constant repair and attended by the persons necessary to grind
the grain of the settlers the persons building and running them
wrould be granted the enjoyment of the rights and privileges which
the King held as seigneur with respect to mills by the laws of the
Province for a period of fifteen years, at the expiration of which
period the mills would become the property of the Crown. One

batteau properly manned would be allowed at His Majesty's expense
to make one trip to carry up millstones and other materials for the
use of each mill. The localities selected under this regulation for the
construction of mills within the settlement of Niagara were " a water
mill at the Falls, above the 12-Mile Pond, 10 miles from the Lake
and 16 from the Garrison," and " a water mill between the Great
Falls and Chippawa Creek." The latter was built that summer by
John Burch, but eventually passed into the possession of Samuel
Street, by whom it was owned when it was burnt by the American
troops in 1814.

Considerable dissatisfaction already existed among the loyalist
settlers, and Stephen De Lancey was requested to present a petition
to the Governor in which they prayed : 1 — " For English tenure of
their lands. 2 — For assistance in establishing the churches of Eng-
land and Scotland. 3 — For assistance to establish a school in each
district. 4 — For the prohibition of the importation of pot and pearl
ashes from Vermont, as leading to an illicit trade with the United
States, and for a bounty on the production of these articles and of
hemp. 5 — For a loan of three months' provisions. 6 — For clothing
for the distressed. 7 — For the speedy running of the division lines
of the townships. 8 — For a post road from Montreal and Cataraqui
and for the establishment of post offices at New Johnstown. New
Oswegatchie and Cataraqui. 9 — For a passage from the Bay of
Quinte to Lake Huron for the Indian trade. 10 — That three|places
may be pitched upon between the river Beaudette and Cataraqui to
receiving grain from the settlers. 11 — That the commissioners on
claims would visit New Johnstown, New Oswegatchie and Cataraqui,
as the general poverty would prevent them from pressing their claims
at Montreal and Quebec. 12 — That the use of the canal locks should
be confined to them, and that in respect to lands they should be
placed on the same footing as the disbanded men of the 84th
Regiment."

This petition was laid before Lord Dorchester, (formerly Sir
Guy Carleton,) the new Governor General, in December, 1786. On
the 3rd of June, 1787, he forwarded it in a despatch to Lord Sydney,
remarking that the settlement of the loyalists had greatly strength-
ened the English party in the Province of Quebec, and that the desire
for a House of Assembly would no doubt increase. He regarded a
change in the tenure of the land as very important and indeed abso-
lutely necessary. He recommended therefore that it should be
altered to free and common soccage, with a limit of not more than
1,000 acres to any one person, but that in every township of 30,000'
acres 5,000 should be reserved to reward meritorious services and
strengthen an aristocracy in a country where everything tended to

an uncontrolled democracy. The quit rents had never been collected
and their continuance would only prove a source of discontent.

On September 14th Lord Sydney replied that His Majesty would
be advised to make the proposed change in the tenure, but that no
further supply of provisions could be granted, and that any com-
mercial treaty with Vermont seemed out of the question. The
religious demands of the settlers would be satisfied, and information
was requested as to the proposed bounty on hemp and the probable
amount that could be grown for export to Great Britain. The retention
of the Upper Posts could be justified and the recent conduct of the
Americans had not tended to alter his policy in that respect. If they
were seized by force Dorchester must make every effort to recover
them.

On October 20 an order in council was passed directing addi-
tional instructions to Lord Dorchester to enable him to grant lands
in free and common soccage, no such grant to exceed 1,000 acres to
any one person without His Majesty's permission being previously
obtained, for the remission of the quit rent of thirty pence for every
hundred acres to all persons not holding more than a thousand acres,
to provide for a reserve of five thousand acres in each township of
30,000 acres, and to propose to the Executive Council of the Province
of Quebec the enactment of a law enabling persons holding land en
roture with the consent of the seigneurs to change the tenure to free
and common soccage. Before this reached Lord Dorchester he had
again written forcibly on the subject under date of November 14.
There was some dissatisfaction among the loyalists which would
continue, he said, until lands were granted as he had recommended.
Endeavors to excite discontent among them met with some success and
might succeed, as lands were sold for a trifle across the river. He
protested most earnestly against the folly of maintaining a source of
irritation, which might ultimately cause the loss of the Province.
The colonists should have nothing to gain by separation.

Finding that it would be impossible for him to visit the new
settlements in person, Lord Dorchester instructed his Military Secre-
tary, Major R. Mathews, to make a tour of inspection in May, 1787.
On the last day of that month, while at Niagara, he made the follow-
ing note in his journal :

" This day came in eight or ten men from the States to see friends,
and wishing a permission to settle with them. With regard to the
settlement at this post it appears to be in the same thriving and
prosperous state with those below, but notwithstanding the testimony
of loyalty and good order given by the settlers, attested in their offer
of assistance to Major Campbell in defence of his post, a few of them
hold the principles and doctrines of Mr. McNiff. Major Campbell is

well informed of them and has a watchful eye upon their conduct.
Col, Butler told us there were discontents among the settlers, pro-
ceeding from what they consider an improper choice of the Com-
mission of the Peace, wishing themselves to have the nomination of
their civil officers and to hold committees for the choice of them and
other interior management of the settlement, agreeable to the letter
to that effect, which it seems was circulated from Mr. De Lancey
through all the upper settlements, and which is considered by all the
gentlemen in opposition to that doctrine with whom I have conversed
to have been the origin of the McNiff party. Col. Butler also says
they complain of not having received an' equal proportion of clothing
and of farming utensils with loyalist settlers in other parts of the
Province, which has been already represented, but no answer returned
to them. They are also jealous of the tenure in which they hold
their lands and cannot reconcile the idea of the Canadian one."

Captain Enys of the 29th Regiment, who visited the Falls on
July 18, has given us a glimpse of the settlement in the vicinity.
Crossing from Fort Schlosser in a row boat his party " landed about
four miles above the Falls at a farm of Mr. Stedman's; here Mr.
Hamilton left us and striking to the left went to Fort Erie, whilst
the rest of us, taking the right hand road after a walk of two miles
came to Chippawa Creek, where we found our horses at the house of
a Mr. Burch, one of the principal men of the settlement. As the
squire was not at home we were glad to waive the ceremony of a
visit, so as soon as we were ready we set out towards the Falls.
About another mile brought us to the head of the rapid, and a short
way further we came to a mill Mr. Burch has lately built. It appears
to me to be a very elegant piece of workmanship and is to be both a
grist and a saw mill, but I am very much afraid from the rapids
above he will find it difficult, if not dangerous, to bring down boats
and rafts to it, although the man w.ho superintends it says he thinks
it may be done with ease when they become better acquainted with
the currents."

During the summer the Commissioners of Claims, Colonel Thomas
Dundas and Jeremy Pemberton, arrived in the Province to take evi-
dence, and in August a considerable number of loyalists residing near
Niagara went to Montreal to appear before them. Among these
claimants were Frederick Anger, Jacob Ball, Philip Bender, Philip
Buck, John Chisholm, John Claus, James Clendenning, John Coon,
Joseph Clement, Adam Crysler, John Depue, Isaac Dolson, Benjamin
Frelick, Rebecca Fields, Margaret Hare, Henry Heanor, James Heas-
lip, George House, James Jones, Randall Macdonell, Lewis Mabee,
Thomas Millard, Mrs. Overholt, Hanjost Petrie, Wm. Pickard, Donald
Rose, Solomon Secord, Daniel Servos, Timothy Skinner, Frederick

Smith and Christian Warner. The evidence given by them respect-
ing their losses and sufferings is extremely interesting and has been
recently printed by the Provincial Archivist. In many instances
their place of residence is stated, indicating that the settlement already
extended from the Ten Mile Creek to Fort Erie.

Writing from Montreal to Lord Cornwallis on October 3d,
Colonel Dundas stated that he had been engaged all summer in exam-
ining claims. "They are very numerous — I think from 1100 to
1200 — but are in amount very small, being mostly farmers from the
back parts of New York Province. These people have been settled
since the peace in the upper part of Canada, beginning 50 miles above
Montreal and extending to Niagara. They find the soil excellent
and the climate good. They are mostly thriving, in so much that
already they have been able to supply the King's posts with bread
and very soon they will be able to be a good saving to Great Britain,
as the the expense of transporting provisions and stores to the upper
posts is immense ; it will likewise be a market for those farmers and
make it much their interest to remain attached to Great Britain. .

" The new-comers from the States have again raised a cry for a
House of Assembly, and wish to put an end to the ' Quebec Bill,'
under which the great body of the people, the Canadians, live
happily."

An official return shows that there were the following ships on
Lake Ontario belonging to the Crown:

Limnade, 220 tons, 16 guns.

Seneca, 130 tons, 18 guns.

Caldwell, 37 tons, 2 guns.

Two schooners of 100 tons each, building.

The only merchant vessel was the Lady Dorchester, of 90 tons,
and some large boats or small sailing craft belonging to the settlers.

On Lakes Erie and Huron the King had the Rebecca of 136 tons
and 16 guns, the Felicity of 45 tons, the Windot (Wyandot ?) of 37
tons and the Chaboagar of 37 tons, and merchants owned the Beaver
of 40 tons, Sagana, 30 tons, Industry , 20 tons, and there was a
vessel of 90 tons on the stocks. On Lake Superior there were two
small vessels belonging to the Northwest Fur Company, of twelve or
fifteen tons each.

Dorchester had become convinced that the increase of population
in the new settlements rendered it necessary to form districts for the
administration of justice, and by a proclamation dated 24th July,
1788, they were accordingly divided into four, of which that called
Nassau comprised all territory lying between a north and south line
intersecting the mouth of the River Trent, and a north and south line

intersecting the extreme projection of Long Point. John Butler,
Robert Hamilton and Jesse Pawling were appointed Justices of the
Court of Common Pleas. John Burch, Peter Tenbrook, John Warren,
John Powell, Jacob Ball and Samuel Street were appointed Justices
of the Peace. Gilbert Tice was appointed Sheriff and Philip Frey
Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, Clerk of the Peace and Sessions
of the Peace. A formal enrollment of the militia showed that there
were six hundred persons liable to bear arms residing in this district.
On pursuance of instructions from Lord Sydney, superintendents of
inland navigation were appointed, to reside at Niagara and Fort Erie.
— Early in this year the Executive Council of the Province of
Quebec passed an order authorizing Mark and Thomas Gregory and
Company to import spirits upon a payment of a duty, which was nine
pence a gallon less than that imposed by the act of the British
Parliament. This was a shameless piece of favoritism and provoked
a strong feeling of indignation among the other merchants, who had
already begun an agitation for the substitution of British commercial
laws for the continue de Paris. They complained bitterly of the
maladministration of existing courts of justice and the want of gaols
and officers to secure debtors. Accordingly it was decided to present
a petition to the House of Commons embodying these grievances,
and praying for the establishment of a House of Assembly for the
Province. Adam Lymburner, a leading merchant, who was described
by Lord Dorchester as " a decent, sensible man who had no hostile
intentions to the administration," was selected by his colleagues to
present this petition, which was signed by nearly all the merchants
doing business in the Province, both resident and non-resident.

This petition provoked a debate in the House of Commons and
on the 3d September, 1788, Sydney wrote to Dorchester requesting
the fullest information before the matter again came up for discus-
sion. He also stated that a division of the Province had been pro-
posed, beginning at the seigniory granted to De Longueuil.

In his reply, which was dated 8th November, 1788, Dorchester
remarked : —

" The population of this country is chiefly confined to the margin
of the waters from the western side of the gulf of Saint Lawrence in
the district of Gaspe to the settlement at and above Detroit, a chain
of not less than eleven hundred miles, and though the ancient settled
parts of the districts of Quebec and Montreal, from Kamouraska to
Point au Baudet, (comprehending about three hundred and seventy
miles of the above line,) may find no great burthen in the expense of
a representation, it may be otherwise with the inhabitants newly set
down in Gaspe, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nassau and Hesse, and
the inconveniences and charges of assembling from parts so distant

would be- increased by the nature of the climate, which renders the
roads for several months in the year difficult, if not impracticable.

"A division of the Province, I am of opinion, is by no means
advisable at present, either for the interests of the new or the ancient
districts, nor do I see an immediate call for other regulations than
such as are involved in the subject of the general jurisprudence of
the country. Indeed it appears to me that the western settlements
are as yet unprepared for any organization superior to a county.
This has been lately given to them and will, I trust, answer to their
present wants, if I except Hesse, whose commercial and complicated
affairs call for a particular provision, now under consideration of a
Committee of the Council. But though I hold a division of the Pro-
vince at present inexpedient, yet I am of opinion that no time should
be lost in appointing a person of fidelity and ability, in the confidence
of the Loyalists, to superintend and lead them and to bring their
concerns with despatch to the knowledge of the Government, under
the title of Lieutenant-Governor of the four, districts above named.

" Should a division of the Province notwithstanding be deter-
mined by the wisdom of His Majesty's Council, I see no reason why
the inhabitants of those western districts should not have an assem-
bly, as soon as it may be organized without detriment to their private
affairs, nor against their having so much of the English system of
laws as may suit their local situation and condition. But in this
case particular care should be taken to secure the property and civil
rights of the Canadian settlers at Detroit, who, I am convinced,
would not choose to emigrate though good lands might be given
them in the lower parts of the Province. But should they choose to
move it would be attended with much inconvenience, as would their
being left insulated and attached to the district of Montreal.

" With respect to proper limits for the new government, I would
recommend those enclosed in the annexed paper, which will com-
prehend all the settlements of the loyalists on the river St. Lawrence
above Point Au Baudet, and those also lately laid out for them on
the south side of the river Ottawas."

On May 29th, 1788, Dorchester signed instructions for the
guidance of Captain Gottier Mann, commanding engineer, who was
despatched to inspect the military posts in Upper Canada and report
upon harbours on the lakes which might be suitable for naval
stations. He was further instructed : —

" You will inform yourself concerning the best communication
from the upper part of Lake Ontario to the lower end of Lake Erie,
on this side of the water, with the most convenient and safe ports for
embarking and disembarking at each end of the communication,
where boats and armed vessels may be well covered against rough

weather or the attempts of the enemy should the present, carrying
place and Fort Niagara fall into such hands. You will particularly
examine the ground reserved for such event opposite to the present
fort and the height at Navy Hall, with a view to fortify the same."

In his report, which was a carefully prepared and lengthy
document, Captain Mann gives interesting details :

" The buildings at Navy Hall are for the most part in exceeding
bad repair and the wharf is in ruins. Of the Rangers' Barracks one
pile has been so far dismantled as to be past re-establishing; one end
indeed might, with some fitting up, be made to serve some time as a
blacksmith shop to the Indian Department, which they say is much
wanted. The other pile of Rangers' Barracks is capable of being
repaired and might also serve the temporary purpose of accommodat-
ing, at least in part, the same department, their storehouses, etc., on
the Niagara side, as already observed, being in ruins and not repair-
able. The fitting1 up this pile of building would cost about £35.

" In regard to the situation at Navy Hall, boats and vessels may
be well sheltered there from rough weather; it is convenient for
embarking and disembarking and equally safe and applicable to the
purposes of transport as at Niagara. Vessels can also more readily
and safely get under way from hence when the wind is from the
westward, (which is fair to carry them down the lake,) than they can
immediately from Niagara and this seems the most material advan-
tage that Navy Hall possesses over Niagara, but the latter has
rather a better command of that entrance of the river than can be
had from any situation on this side. A good post might be con-
structed on the height above Navy Hall, and such as would afford
protection to boats or vessels from any attempts of the enemy on this
side of the river, but they could not be secure here from bombard-
ment or covered batteries of cannon on the other side.

" The whole of Fort Erie is in so wretched a state and altogether
so much in ruins that it is not easy to say which is the worst part of
it. The picketing is altogether rotten and a great part of it gone,
and the front next the water, which was a stone wall, has been
washed away by the incroachment of the lake. The barracks, by
dint of patching and temporary repairs, have been kept habitable ;
some further repairs of the same nature have been provided for
against this winter. The storehouse is in so bad a state that it is
almost past repairing ; the weather comes in now in all quarters of
it ; the shingling of the roof cannot be repaired, it must therefore be
entirely new shingled, or rather, if it can be got, a bark covering is
to be put on, as the building is hardly worth the expense of new
shingles. The weather boarding and under-pinning is scarce in a

better condition, but it may be made to do for another season. It
seems doubtful whether the bake house can stand the winter, but
the oven may be repaired. The wharf or landing place wants repairs.
This would have been better placed to the northward of the fort,
where boats would have been much better sheltered than at the
present situation.

" I cannot recommend re-establishing or making any alterations
to the present fort, as it appears to me to be improperly placed ; the
rising ground behind would, I conceive, be the proper situation. The
harbour is a tolerably good one, and although there is sometimes a
considerable swell from the lake sets in yet vessels may ride here in
safety, taking proper precautions for preserving their cables, as the
bottom is rocky. There does not appear to be any other situation
equally eligible.

" Previous to making any observations on the communication
and transport from the upper end of Lake Ontario to the lower end
of Lake Erie, it may not be improper just to state in a few words
the present mode of proceeding in that business.

" From Niagara to the landing place below the Falls is about
seven miles and a quarter. There is a tolerably good road but mer-
chandise, stores, etc., are carried up the river in batteaux or in
vessels, there being sufficient depth of water all the way up, and also
to lye alongside the wharf to unload ; beyond this place the current
becomes too strong to proceed any further by water without great
difficulty ; boats, indeed, but not vessels, can go about half a mile
higher, but no advantage can be obtained from it as the shore there
becomes impracticable, being a precipice of loose rock about three
times as high as where the present landing is. From the wharf at
the landing goods are drawn up the side of the bank about fifty feet
high upon ways, on an easy slope, by a capstan fixed at the top.
From this place there is a waggon road of seven miles to Fort Schlos-
ser, which is one mile and a half above the falls, where the goods are
again put into boats and carried up (eighteen miles) to Fort Erie,
from whence they are conveyed in vessels across Lake Erie to
Detroit, etc. ......

"If it should be thought expedient to carry on the communica-
tion on this side of the river then the landing place .must be nearly
opposite the present, a very little below it, where the bank of the
shore is lower than in any other place, and seems in all respects the
nost convenient spot for the purpose, whether on this or the other
?ide of the river. There is good ground here for storehouses and it
close to the road leading through the settlements. The situation
ibove the Falls to be chosen, instead of Fort Schlosser, ought, I
imagine, to be the Chippeway Creek ; it is indeed nearer the Falls than

Fort Schlosser, and there is a very strong current passes it, but there
is no difficulty (going along shore) to get into the creek, and as there
is then still water boats may lye there in safety and such buildings
as are requisite may be erected here. The creek is about eighty
yards across and has seven or eight feet depth of water. It would
be necessary to have a bridge here and likewise a good road ; the
first would not cost a great deal, as there is a good bottom and no
current, but the latter would be attended with some expense as the
ground is very wet to the distance of a mile and a half from each
side of the creek, not, however, of such a nature as would not be
easily improved by cutting down the trees to let in the air and sun,
and by making a few drains. Both the road and the bridge are
objects which the new settlers themselves must sooner or later have
for their own convenience, but whether their ideas in this respect
might lead them to execute these works upon a scale sufficiently
extensive and substantial to answer the purposes of Government
and of the transport I cannot undertake to say. The length of land
carriage on this side the river will be near three miles more than on
the other, but the ascent of the hill from the then landing place below
the Falls will not be so steep as on the other side, and I think the
excess of distance will be otherwise compensated by not having the
river k> cross, as at present, from Fort Schlosser, by that degree of
security to be derived from having the whole transport carried on
completely on one side of the river from Navy Hall to Fort Erie and
by having the assistance of the new settlers with their waggons and
teams at hand in cases of exigence, an advantage not to be obtained
conveniently, if at all, on the other side. The current all the way to
Fort Erie is very strong, and the business of getting up loaded boats
is both laborious and tedious, but I should think the transport
from above the falls might be much improved if the bank of the river
was sufficiently cleared to admit of the boats being dragged up by
men, or rather by horses, as fewer hands would be necessary and
they would get up much more expeditiously than at present."

In June of this year the Reverend John Stuart paid a long
deferred visit to the Mohawks of the Grand River. Embarking with
Captain Brant and four other Indians in a canoe at Kingston on the
27th of May, they arrived at the head of Lake Ontario on the ninth
day, whence they proceeded on horseback about twenty-five miles to
the village of New Oswego, where Mr. Stuart was warmly welcomed.
He brought the plate and furniture formerly belonging to their
church at Fort Hunter, part of which had been presented to them by
Queen Anne. The Mohawk village here was pleasantly situated on
the bank of the river near the church, which was sixty feet in length
by forty-five in breadth, built of hewn logs, clapboarded and painted,

having a handsome steeple and bell, a pulpit, reading desk, communion
table and convenient pews. Church furniture had been recently
donated by the Government, but had not yet arrived from Niagara.
Mr. Stuart preached to a large congregation on the following Sunday,
administered the sacrament to sixteen, of whom four were new com-
municants, baptized sixty-five persons and married three couples.

On the 14th of October, 1788, Lord Dorchester gave the follow-
ing roseate account of the progress of the new settlements, in a letter
to Lord Sydney :

" Previous to my answering Your Lordship's private letter of
September, eighty-seven, I thought it necessary to visit the settle-
ments of loyalists in Upper Canada, which in a few years will make
a very considerable portion of this province, and may, I trust, with
proper management afford no small support to the interests of Great
Britain. Their improvements exhibit strong proof of industry. The
greater number declare they are better circumstanced and happier
than before the rebellion, with many acknowledgments for the
assistance they have received from the Crown, sentiments which
deserve well to be cultivated, and, the temper of this continent con-
sidered, may have an extensive influence.

" The tenure of their lands is the great object about which they
are most anxious at present, and I cannot but hope they will soon
be gratified.

" We are in daily expectation of seeing planters on the American
side of the river and great lakes, and it is much to be wished they
should on all occasions perceive how much they are fallen, and the
loyalists find upon every comparison strong reasons to congratulate
themselves upon having persevered in their duty.

" It is said those emigrants bring with them sentiments not very
favorable to their own government."

In many instances settlements had preceded surveys, as it was
not until the 19th of June, 1787, that the survey of townships Nos. '
1 a^nd 2, afterwards known as Niagara and Stamford, was completed
by Philip Rockell Frey, formerly a lieutenant in the Rangers^ On
July 4th, 1788, Major A. Campbell, commandant at Fort Niagara,
wrote to Frey " for regulating allowance among the first settlers upon
government lands, as well as from the great number of people coming
in, you are to proceed with your surveying," and on October 18th,
.788, Frey reported that he had surveyed to the Sugar Loaf, but
ily where people were settled. Considerable dissatisfaction existed
md it became apparent that a regular system of allotting lands must
adopted as well as an alteration in the tenure. The anonymous
luthor of an interesting memoir in the Colonial Office Records,

(spl

entitled, " A summary of the Rise and Progress of the Settlement in
Upper Canada," makes the following comments on the situation :
— " The indiscretion of some reduced officers living among their
former soldiers infused into the settlers an idea that their lands were
to be granted in fee or in roture and holden under their old officers
as lords of the soil. From such suggestions arose a sentiment which
gave cause to suspect immigrations to the United States. To check
this it was judged advisable to send commissioners through the settle-
ments to enquire, and their expectations were confirmed. As the
animosity of the party spirit began to subside au intercourse had
commenced between the active loyalists and their friends or connec-
tions who had remained neuter during the war and had continued to
reside in the States. Numbers of such characters, attracted by favour-
able accounts of the soil, situation and climate, applied to become
settlers under the King's Government. This license was readily
granted to such as produced testimonials of loyalty or even of perfect
neutrality during the rebellion, but abuses being practiced in this
respect, and worthless characters availing themselves of the indulgence
to take up lands without intentions to reside, and to traffic in the sale
of it, a regulation was adopted by the Government as to future loca-
tions, whereby it was clearly stipulated upon the face of the certificate
assigned to the nominee that it could not be transferred without
special license from the land board.

<{ The 84th Regiment had stipulated for a larger portion of land
than was originally bestowed on the others, so that to remove cause
of jealousy the whole army reduced in the province, with the loyalists,
were put upon a footing with that regiment. To distinguish such
loyalists as had given proofs of prudence and industry in their first
location, and generally to give a favorable impression by rather
exceeding the promised bounty, the Governor had from time to time
ordered additional quantities of land given to settlers.

"During this period the settlement had made the most rapid
progress in the improvement of woodlands under circumstances
altogether new. The act of 14th George III., commonly called the
Quebec Bill, was unrepealed. The newly opened country was parcel
of that province, subject by the statute to French laws. To have
administered these laws strictly among a people utterly ignorant of
the language and manners and in every respect opposed to those of
their French neighbours wrould have disgusted them ; to have left a
numerous and thriving colony without the semblance of legal control
would have exposed it to every evil. Thus circumstanced, domestic
tribunals of extensive jurisdiction were constituted in each district.
The judges were selected from the most respectable of the inhabi-

tants, but with one or two exceptions were equally ignorant of the
custom of Paris and the common law of England. Unassisted by
lawyers they administered distributive justice secundum equum et
bonum in their ideas and no obvious inconvenience was experienced.
The land of each occupant was considered as liable for his debts and
was subject to executions and alienated by sheriffs sale." (Q. 282-2,
p. 658.) _

On 29th December, 1788, an order in council was passed appoint-
ing Lieut.-Colonel Hunter, or other officer commanding the garrison
at Fort Niagara, Lieut.-Colonel Butler, Peter Ten Broeck, Robert
Hamilton, Benjamin Pawling and Nathaniel Pettit a land board for
the District of Nassau. They held their first meeting at Navy Hall
immediately after the January Quarter Sessions of 1789, having
previously " stated to the Governor their reasons for holding the
regular boards of examinations at the same time with the Quarterly
Courts, that the settlement then being mustly brought together the
claimant could with ease procure the testimony of his former
acquaintances in his favour, and it furnished also an opportunity to I
the settlers to detect and point out such characters as were unworthy *
a place among them."

It is also placed on record that " at the time the Board had no
particular instructions to guide their conduct," but they " proceeded
to examine into the loyalty, but more particularly into the character
of all such persons claiming a settlement as appeared before them.
To such as were approved of they administered the oath of allegiance
and directed the surveyor to give them a ticket specifying the quan-
tity of land they and their families were entitled to. All these
claimants were already settled, some on the surveyed lands, others
on the waste land adjoining.

"A Committee of the Board, to accommodate themselves to the
convenience of the settlement, went in February where all the claim-
ants of that quarter were directed to attend. Here they followed
the same plan as also after the subsequent Quarter Sessions held in
April. The Surveyor at these meetings kept a list of all such as
were permitted to become settlers." <—

On February 17th rules and regulations for the conduct of the
Land Office Department were adopted by the Executive Council, by
which the dimensions of an inland township were to be ten miles
square, and those of township situated upon a navigable river or
water nine miles in front by twelve in depth. In an inland township
the town was to be in the centre one mile square with town lots con-
taining one acre each, with sites laid out for the church, parsonage,
jail and court house, work house, church yard, hospitals, public
^uares, market places, town park for a school master and a town

park for a minister. The open area of half a mile around the town
was to be reserved. The town parks were to join this reserve all
round, each containing twenty-five acres. In other townships the
town was to be laid out upon the river or lake with a similar reserve
adjoining. These regulations were subsequently modified by an
order in council of August 25th. It was directed that each board
should observe the following order in providing spaces for the general
convenience in each township : " 1 — One or more place or places for
the public worship of God. 2. — A common burying ground. 3 — One
parsonage house. 4 — A common school house. 5 — A town park for
one minister. 6 — A town park for one school master common to the
town. 7 — A glebe for one minister. 8 — A glebe for one school master,
common to the town. 9 — The court or town house. 10 — The prison.
11 — The poorer work house. 12 — A market place." The width of all
township roads was fixed at sixty -six feet and that of the eight principal
streets in a town at ninety-six feet. The boards were enjoined " to
be particularly careful to discountenance frivolous applications and
not to authorize any transfers of unimproved town lots and town
parks, which only tend to create a mischievous monopoly of the
ground. Nor shall any town parks be granted separately from town
lots, the former being intended for the convenience of the settler
upon the latter, and a failure in the conditions upon which the town
lots are granted shall operate in the forfeiture of both." During the
summer Frey with his assistant, Augustus Jones, continued to make
surveys. On May 7th he notes the fact that " the change of property
is so frequent that three or four alterations are made in a week. A
township is laid out this winter to complete the requirements for
reduced officers, but locations are disputed, all wishing to be near the
water." On June 20th, 1789, he remarks : " The country is divided
in opinion about the seat of government and probably will be. The
general opinion is that it had better be voted on. I have no names
for the townships yet."

The first regular meeting of the land board was held at Niagara
on 26th October, when there were present Lieut.-Colonel Harris,
Lieut.-Colonel Butler and Robert Hamilton. After reading various
letters and the printed rules and regulations the board adjourned
until the 29th to meet at the Twelve Mile Creek in Hunterton, as a
muster of the militia of the lower district was to be held there that
day, and it was thought expedient to save the time of the settlers as
much as possible.

At this meeting Lieut.-Colonel Butler, Peter Ten Broeck, Robert
Hamilton and Nathaniel Pettit were present. " The Board proceeded
to examine particularly the different rules and regulations sent for
their conduct, and they adopted the following data as what they

understood to be the intentions of the Government, which are
guide themselves in assigning lands to claimants :

"They consider His Majesty's instructions of 1783, addressed to
General Haldimand, as conferring 1000 acres to every field officers.
00 to captains, 500 to subaltern, staff or warrant officers, 200 to
non-commissioned officers, 100 to private soldiers and the same quan-
tity to every head of a family being a loyalist, 50 to every loyalist
being a single man, and 50 to every individual of which the families
of all the above described persons consists."

They consider Lord Dorchester's instructions of 2d June, 1787.
as conferring 200 additional acres on all those settlers who have
already improved, so far as in their power, the lands before granted
them, and that this additional bounty extends as well to single men
improving their own lands as to heads of families.

" From these premises they therefore conclude that every dis-
charged soldier from His Majesty's service is entitled to 300 acres of
land, every non-comrnissioned officer to 400 and that every loyalist
or other received good character settled prior to the instruction of
the 17th February, 1789, is entitled to 200 acres, together with 50
acres to each individual of which their families shall consist. That
after the date of these instructions persons settled under the denom-
ination of loyalists, or all others who shall be approved of by the*
board, shall receive only 200 acres for themselves, leaving the proj-
vision for their families to the future bounty of the commander-in^
chief, which will certainly follow their decent deportment and their
improving with industry the grant now made them.

" A question having arisen whether loyalists or others not par-
ticularly distinguished as having taken an active part in the cause
of the unity of the British Empire should be considered indiscrimin-
ately as the objects of Lord Dorchester's bounty, and thus become
entitled to 300 acres, it was resolved : That as it appears to be the
vish of the Government to distinguish their active friends and
,dherents by peculiar marks of attention, those only who had
)orne arms or served in some other capacity during the war, should
f right be entitled to 300 acres or more, in proportion to their rank,
,nd that all others should now receive 200 acres, leaving the door
>pen to future applications in their favor as the merit of their cases
nay require, and as Lord Dorchester's bounty of 2d June, 1787, par-
icularly provides for the extension to all unmarried men occupying
ands as well as to the heads of families, the Board resolved that
every young man liable to be called upon to do the duties of a man
in the settlement, such as working on the highways or being nru^tered
in the militia, shall be esteemed as entitled to this bount^;of 200
acres and vice versa. The Board further resolve that the claims of

those who have served, or say they have served His Majesty during
the war in other parts of America than in the Province of Canada,
shall now be postponed, and the additional bounty to them be deferred
till the board have clean proof before them, first of the service, and,
secondly, that they have not been rewarded by grants of land else-
where.

"And whereas much confusion and uncertainty with regard to
particular lots have arisen from the unfortunate circumstances of a
great part of the lots in this district being taken up and settled upon
before any surveys were made, and from the irregular manner in
which these surveys have since been made by different surveyors,
whose lines often vary from each other, the Board, resolve with a
view to reduce the confusion to some kind of order, that the surveyors
be directed to furnish their plans of each township on a large scale
for the purpose of inserting in the blank space of each lot the owner's
name as well as the number of each lot, and that each township shall
be publicly called together by the magistrates residing therein, and
when the claim to the lot is universally allowed to insert the owner's
name therein. When two claimants appear it should be left to the
arbitration of the Court of Common Pleas."

No. 1 Certificate of the Board was issued to David Secord for
Lots 43 and 50 of Township No. 1, containing two hundred acres, and
is dated 28th June, 1790. It is still preserved by his descendants.

Hitherto the commerce of the great lakes had been entirely con-
ducted under the British flag. But the American settlers in the
Genesee had become numerous and now began to seek an outlet for
their surplus products by way of Lake Ontario, and on January
10th, 1789, Lord Dorchester writes that a "road has been cleared and
made practicable for carriages of any kind from Cayuga Lake to
Great Sodus Bay on Lake Ontario. This carrying place is about ten
miles long. The bay affords a safe harbor for vessels of about fifty
or sixty tons burden, and is nearly half way between Fort Ontario
and the Chenesee river, about thirty miles from each. One object is
to form a communication between the settlement on this river and
' the Mohawk country without coming near Oswego." The customar}^
route followed by traders and travellers was still by the latter place,
but was both tedious and expensive. From Albany there was a good
road to Schenectady, where the navigation of the Mohawk began.
Between that place and Little Falls, a distance of fifty miles, the river
was swift and full of shoals, which rendered navigation so difficult
that five days were generally consumed in its ascent. At Little Falls
there was a portage of three-quarters of a mile and thence to Fort
Stanwix, the river in spring and autumn was fairly full and easily
navigable, but in summer it scarcely contained water enough to float

the smallest boat. In favorable weather the passage upwards fre-
quently occupied five days more. The portage from the Mohawk
into Wood Creek at Fort Stanwix was only half a mile in length
over good road, but the latter stream was very shallow and so narrow
that for the first eight miles of its course the boat often rubbed
against the bushes on either side. After entering Oneida Lake boats
were sometimes wind bound for seven or eight days at a time, and
at Oswego Falls there was another portage of thirty yards. Twenty
years later an invoice shows that the cost of transportation of goods
from Albany to Queenston by this route was twenty-two shillings
and sixpence per hundred weight, or two and one-half times as much
as from Montreal. Still, most of the immigrants to Upper Canada
from the Mohawk and Hudson during this period came by this
channel. An official return shows that between the 1st of May, 1789,1
and the 1st of November, 1791, 88 men, 63 women and 114 children!
passed Oswego on their way " to the new settlement at Niagara."

In consequence of various efforts at competition of American
merchants and fur traders the Governor General appointed a com-
mittee to enquire into the condition of " inland navigation and interior
commerce," which reported in the following terms :

" First report of the standing committee nominated by Your
Lordship in Council on the 29th December, 1788, to bring information
to the knowledge of the Government concerning the inland naviga-
tion and commerce, to correspond with the superintendents, report
abstracts from time to time of their communications and returns,
together with the committee's observations on the important matters
suggested in Your Lordship's order of reference and other consequen-
tial duties.

PRESENT—

Mr. Grant.

Francis Baby.

George Davison.

Charles deLanandiere.

Col. Dupre.
ABSENT —

Sir John Johnson, Bart.

Roc de St. Ours.

Samuel Holland.

" It appears by the lists and returns of the superintendents
appointed by Your Lordship for the posts of Kingston, (formerly
Cataraqui,) Niagara, Fort Erie, Detroit and Michilimackinac, pur-
suant to the act passed in the last sessions of the Legislative Council,
Chapter 3d, that there are at present four registered merchant vessels
belonging to those ports and navigating the lakes, as follows : Lake

Ontario — Kingston to Oswego, Quinti and Niagara ; the schooner
Good Intent, built at Fredericksburg in 1788, burthen 15 tons, three
men. Lakes Huron and Erie — Fort Erie to Detroit, Michilimackinac
and St. Mary Falls ; the sloop Sagina, 36 tons, five men, built at
Sagina bay in 1787 ; the sloop Esperance, 20 tons, four men, built at
Sagina bay in 1788; the schooner Weezel, 16 tons, three men, built at
Detroit in 1786. Total tonnage 87 ; fifteen men.

" That on the 8th of September the Good Intent cleared out at
Kingston for Quinti Bay, and again on the 24th from Kingston for
Oswego, but it does not appear from the superintendent's reports
what her outward cargoes were constituted of.

" From Quinti she brought back to Kingston and entered Sept.
18th, 1000 feet pine boards, 10 barrels pearl ashes, 1J tons of hay.

" That on the 20th of August the Sagina cleared out from Fort
Erie for Detroit and carried 11 cwt. shot and ball, 72 casks wine and
spirits, (the gallons not ascertained,) 123 boxes, cases, bales and
trunks ; dry goods, the value not ascertained.

" And on the 21st August the Esperance cleared from the same
port and carried 1 cwt. shot and ball, 52 casks wine and spirits, the
gallons not known, 32 cases and bales dry goods.

" And on the 21st Sept. the -Sagina again cleared from the same
port and carried' 21 cwt. shot and ball, 138 packages dry goods, 78
casks wine and spirits, (quantity and quality not reported,) 60 bars
iron and steel.

" That the Sagina appears to have entered inwards on the 5th
of August from Fort Erie 12,880 gallons of spirits, 82 bales trunks,
chests and barrels dry goods.

"That on the 19th October the Weasel entered at Detroit 47
barrels fish from St. Mary Falls.

" That on Sept. 12th the Weasel cleared from Detroit for St.
Mary Falls and carried 12 fusils, 16 gals, rum, 52 cwt. flour, 213
bushels Indian corn, 10 casks dry goods.

"And Oct. 16 the Sagina for Michilimackinac and carried 12
fusils, 160 Ibs. powder, 1,365 gals, rum, 91 cwt. flour, and 101 pack-
ages dry goods.

" That from Detroit there was exported to Fort Erie :

" On board the Sagina Aug. 12th, 162 packs furs, 7 barrels
ginseng.

"On board the Esperance, Aug. 12th, 100 packs furs.

" On board the Sagina, Sept. 2d, 56 packs furs, 6 bbls. ginseng.

" But the superintendent at Fort Erie has entered there only
313 packs furs, 13 barrels ginseng. The 5 packs furs that appear to
be missing were of the Esperance s cargo.

" What became of the 313 packages of furs after their entry at
Fort Erie is not stated by the superintendents.

" The committee presume they were transported from Fort Erie
by land to Niagara, from thence shipped on board some of His
Majesty's vessels for Kingston, and from Kingston brought to Montreal
in batteaux or canoes.

" To bring that transport into more regular order and view and
clearly to detect the smuggling of furs into the American States, it is
submitted to Your Lordship whether His Majesty's ships carrying
furs and merchandise from port to port on the great lakes ought not
to enter and clear the same at the superintendent's office of the port
as merchant vessels are or may be by law bound to do, and if it is
Your Excellency's desire to be informed of the quantity and quality
of the different species of furs and merchandise imported and exported
where superintendents are, it will be necessary that the merchants
be directed by a law to be made, if other means do not occur to Your
Lordship's greater wisdom, to make regular entries of their shipments,
enumerating the articles specifically or such of them as shall be
required, after the manner usually practised at His Majesty's custom
houses in seaport towns.

" The Committee do not perceive that much trouble or difficulty
will arise to the merchant in adopting a similar system. Without it
there is not a possibility of checking, ascertaining or estimating the
valuable trade and commerce carried on with the extensive and
numerous Indian nations inhabiting His Majesty's dominions west-
ward of Montreal, or knowing the progress of the increasing commerce'
and agriculture in the new settlements of the numerous loyalists
daily establishing themselves, under Your Lordship's fostering care,
upon the wastes of the Crown bordering on the lakes. And if it is
Your Lordship's wish completely to effect so useful a purpose, the
committee humbly suggest the necessity of the appointment of a
superintendent of navigation at Montreal, or rather at La Chine.
For tho' no port for shipping can ever be at the latter, yet the canoes
and batteaux or vessels in which the exportation and importation of
the western country is carried on may be said to sail from and
arrive at La Chine.

" The superintendent- at Fort Erie is of opinion that the quantity
and quality of liquor contained in each cask should be marked on
the head thereof.

" It will not be necessary, in the opinion of the Committee, to
give the merchant that trouble if the following method of entering
goods at the superintendent's office be adopted :

" The Committee are of opinion the superintendents ought not
to permit any merchandise, furs or effects to be shipped until the

.- 38

owner or his agent has made an entry thereof as above, or as nearly
correspondent thereunto as commercial business and the conduct of
it will admit in the respective parts of the inland navigation.

" The packages, qualities and quantities as ascertained together
with the master's manifest of his cargo, which is also upon his oath,
will enable the superintendents to execute the trusts reposed in them
and perfect their quarterly and annual lists and returns, agreeable to
Your Lordship's instructions and the laws of the Province made and
provided.

" The inconveniences represented by Mr. McGill, Mr. McGregor
and Major Close in the extracts of their letters before the committee
respecting affidavits, bonds and registers for vessels built upon the
lakes, owned by persons resident at Montreal or Quebec, may be
obviated without- any amendment of the late law of the Province
whenever it shall please Your Lordship to commission superintend-
ents for these ports. The papers and documents required by the law
for the security of the Crown and subject may be entered into and
obtained at offices there, and the registers so taken out may be trans-
mitted by the merchant to his agent or correspondent where the
vessel for which it is intended is building or has been built.

" The Committee at present have further but to remark that the
Superintendent at Detroit, in his letter of the 1st of November, informs
Your Lordship that six new vessels will be then in the register of
that port in the course of the present year. Therefore he requests
an additional supply of the necessary documents devised by Your
'Lordship for the government of the inland marine.

" The discernment of the strength and of those commercial
advantages which are added to His Majesty's American dominions by
the navies now arising on his inland Canadian seas was reserved for
Your LoiJship's profound and penetrating wisdom.

" To establish the empire of the British flag upon the fresh water
oceans of the new world, and under that powerful protection to send
freedom, light and commerce to its remotest parts, was reserved for
the 28th year of the illustrious reign of His Sacred Majesty King
George the Third.

" To aid and assist in so glorious a pursuit must be the wish and
desire of every Briton. That this Committee should be most
anxiously ardent needs no illustration or assurance, its duty, preser-
vation and interests being so obviously combined with those of the
province at large.

" The committee will soon have the honor to lay before Your
Lordship the journal of their entries and proceedings, and with Your
Excellency's approbation will prepare fair copies thereof to be trans-
mitted to the Right Honorable the Lords Commissioners of His

Majesty's Treasury and to the Honorable the Commissioners of His
Majesty's Customs. Those Boards may be inclined to give light upon
the important business of revenue and navigation which this com-
mittee presume not to forsee."

WILLIAM GRANT,

Chairman.

About this time a road was completed from the landing place at
the present village of Queenston to the mouth of Chippawa Creek
by the efforts of the settlers on the lands adjacent, assisted by .the
merchants who were interested in the trade with the Upper Country,
for whom Robert Hamilton and George Forsythe were the local
agents. The transportation of merchandise and peltries by this route
was commenced at once, although government stores continued to be
forwarded over the portage on the American side/until the termina-
tion of Philip Stedman's contract in 1791/ The carriers adopted a
plan of employing every inhabitant of the settlement who offered his
services regularly in his turn, paying them in merchandise, thus con-
ferring a substantial benefit on them as well as reducing the cost of
carriage to the merchants.

»The desirability of procuring a larger tract of land for prospec-
tive settlers had already become apparent. On May 19, 1790, a treaty
was concluded with the Ottawas, Chippewas, Pottawatomies and
Hurons of Detroit by which they ceded to the Crown a tract of land
commencing at the mouth of Cattish Creek, ten miles east of the

§ present site of Port Stanley, thence running westward along Lake
Erie, Detroit River and Lake St. Clair to the mouth of the River La
Tranche, comprising the whole of the country south of the Thames
except a considerable reserve at the River Canard for the Huron
Confederacy, and containing about two million acres in consideration
of a payment of £1,200. Negotiations were also opened with the
Missassaugas for the sale of a large tract on the north side of Lake
Ontario, which were not concluded until a later date.

Concerning the latter purchase Lieut.-Colonel Butler wrote to
Sir John Johnson on March 2d, 1790:

" The Missassaugas complain of being disappointed in their pay-
ment for the lands they sold Government when His Lordship and
you passed Toronto. I then promised them payment, for what I
there agreed with them for, which was to extend northward to join
the Bay of Quinty, and westward to Lake LaClay, (Lake Simcoe,)
and the Rice Lake, which I presume the surveyor, who was then
present, has transmitted a plan of to headquarters. On my arrival
from Montreal last fall a number of chiefs and warriors of that nation

called on me to know if I had brought the payment, and were much
disappointed that I had not. I informed them that Mr. Laugan had
gone up the bay with presents for that purpose, which they seemed
doubtful of, and said they had received no information nor any
message to attend. After giving them some ammunition and a few
guns with the approbation of the commanding officer, they set off for
their hunts, since which I have heard nothing further from them."

In ten years from the time that the first clearing had been begun

jsome three thousand persons had come in and become established in

ia fair degree of comfort, in spite of two seasons of scarcity, which

brought some of them perilously near starvation. A considerable

area of land had been brought under cultivation, roads had been

f opened, mills built, a town was laid out and merchants had settled at

Niagara, Queenston, Chippawa and Fort Erie.

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APPENDIX B.

LIST OF SETTLERS IN 1783.

Acres Cleared

John McDonell 50

Peter Hare 25

Bernard Frey 8

Andrew Bradt 5

Benjamin Pawling 8

Jacob Ball 11

Peter Ball 5

Robert Guthrie 30

John Reilly , 1

John Coon 6

Jacob Benner 12

George Raneier 4

Ezekiel Brown . .' 4

Joseph Robeson 8

Peter Thompson 6

John McDonell 16

Brant Johnson 15

John Burch 20

Isaac Dolson 50

Elijah Phelps , 50

Thomas Secord 40

Peter Secord 25

Samuel Lutes 30

George Stuart 12

George Fields 25

John Depue 12

Michael Showers 20

Daniel Rowe 12

Thos. McMicking 6

Ralph Johnston 7

Philip Bender 6

John Chisholm , 25

Francis Ellsworth 5

James Forsyth 2

Thos. Millard 2

Allan McDonell 10

John Secord 50

Anthony Slingerland 3

Henry Mattice 10

Henry Volleck ] 1

Harmanus House -. 30

Adam Young . 18

Joseph Petrey 18

John Secord, Jr 10

Samuel Sipes 4

McGregor VanEvery 4

- 44

APPENDIX C.

A I/ist of the Persons who have Subscribed their Names in order

to Settle and Cultivate the Crown Land opposite to Niagara.

July 20th, 1784.

Settlers who receive rations :—
B. — Bender, Philip ; Burch, John.
C. — Chisholm, John.
D. — Dolson, Isaac.
J. — Johnson, Rudolph.
P.— Phelps, Elijah.
R. — Rose, Daniel.

S. — Sampson, Lewis ; Secord, John, Sr.; Secord, Peter ; Secord,
widow.

Settlers who are to receive rations to 24th Dec. next : —

E. — Ellsworth, Francis.

H. — House, Harmanus.

L. — Lyons, William.

M. — Mattice, Henry.

Y. — Young, Adam.

Young settlers who receive rations : —

B. — Benner, Jacob ; Brown, Ezekiel.

C. — Coon, John.

D. — Depue, John.

F. — Fields, George ; Forsyth, James.

J. — Johnson, Brant.

Me. — McMicking, Thomas ; McDonell, Allan ; McDonell, Corpl.

M.— Millard, Thomas, Sr.

P. — Petry, Joseph, Jr.

R. — Rancier, George ; Reilley, John ; Robeson, Joseph.

S. — Secord ; Silas ; Showers, Michael ; Stewart, George.

T. — Thompson, Peter, y

Young settlers, loyalists and Brant's volunteers who receive
rations :

B. — Barnes, James; Brigham, Eli as ; Brown, Elijah; Bryan
Patrick.

C. — Cole, Daniel ; Colerick, Peter.

D. — Davis, John ; Depue, Charles; Depue, William ; Dolson, John;
Drake, Joseph.

E. — Emmett, Stephen, Every, Jordan.

L. — Land, Robert ; Lang, John.
M. — Miller, Andrew ; Miller, Peter.
P. — Park, James ; Petrey, Joseph, Sr.

S. — Seally, Lodwick ; Secord, John, Jim.; Secord, Peter; Slinger-
land, Anthony ; Soper, Samuel.

T. — Terry, Parshall ; Thompson, Archibald ; Turner, Edward.
W. — Westbrook, Antony ; Wing, Abram.
V. — Volick, Isaac.

LlEUT.-COL. —

B.— Butler, John.

CAPTAINS—
B. — Bradt, Andrew.
D. — Dame. George.
F — Frey, Bernard.
H.— Hare, Peter.
Me. — Macdonell, John.
T.— Tenbroeck, Peter.

LIEUTENANTS—

B. — Ball, Jacob ; Bradt, John ; Butler, Andrew ; Butler, Thomas.
H. — Hanson, Richard ; Hare, John.
R. — Reynolds, Caleb ; Rosencrantz, Michael.
S. — Secord, Solomon.

SURGEON'S MATES —
B.— Burke, Patrick.
G. — Guthrie, Robert.

SERGEANTS—
B.— Bebee, Adin.

C. — Campbell, James ; Campbell, Robert.
D.— Deill, Henry.
F. — Fed rick, Jacob.
K. — Kooman, Adam.

Me.— McDonell, Peter; McDonell, Randal.
M. — Mabee, Lewis ; Mount, Moses.
S.— Secord, Stephen ; Smith, Peter.
V. — Van Every, David.
W. — Warner, Christian ; Winn, Thomas.
Y. — Young, David ; Young, John.

CORPORALS—
A. — Anderson, Elias.
F. — Frelick, Benjamin.
H. — Heaslip, James ; Hogerrnan, Arnold.
S. — Schram, Frederick.
W.— Wintermute, Peter.

DRUMMERS —

P.— Philips, John.

W.— Withy, John.
DISBANDED RANGERS, ETC. —

A. — Adams, William ; Anguish, Jacob ; Arner, Jacob ; Arnold,
Oliver; Austin, Joel.

B. — Basset, John ; Bebee, Adin ; Bell, Derick ; Ben, Tom ; Benson,
Thomas ; Berger, Frederick ; Bowman, Adam ; Bowman, Jacob ; Bow-
man, Peter ; Boyce, John ; Bradt, Minart ; Brown, John ; Brown,
W7illiam ; Burns, John ; Bush, Peter.

C. — Campbell, James ; Campbell, Thomas ; Cassady, Daniel ;
Cassady, Luke ; Chambers, Francis ; Chorus, Castel ; Coghill, George ;
Conway, Patrick ; Countryman, Joe ; Cox, Samuel ; Cumrnings,
Thomas.

D. — Doyle, Benjamin.

F. — Farrell, John ; Fields, Gilbert ; Fields, Nathan ; Fleming,
Patrick ; Foryea, John ; Foskit, Silas ; Friedenburg, Matthew.

G. — Gahagan, Oliver ; George, John ; Gould, John ; Goulding,
Thomas ; Gallinger, John.

H. — Hargison, William ; Hare, Peter, (volunteer) ; Hare, William,
(volunteer) ; Harper, Thomas ; Harris, Henry ; Henry, William ; Hicks,
Benjamin ; Hicks, Edward ; Higbie, Chris.; Hohandoran, Hermanns ;
Hollenbake, Henry; Hornbeck, Lodwick ; Horton, Edmund; Hough-
delin, James ; House, George ; Hoverland, Andrew, Hudson, John.

J. — Jackson, James ; Jacobs, John A. C.; Jago, Henry ; Jones,
James.

K, — Kairns, Mathias ; Kooman, Mendo.

L. — Lampert, Aiker ; Laraway, Abram ; Laraway, Jonas ; Lara-
way, Peter : Lazeau, Hyatt.

Me. — McDonell, Christy.; McDonell, William ; McLeod, Norman ;
McMicken, John ; McPherson, James.

M. — Maycock, John ; Millard, Daniel; Millard, Jesse ; Millard,
Thomas ; Marseles, John B.; Mitchell, Gilbert.

N. — Napp, Benjamin.

P. — Page, Joseph ; Parks, John ; Phillips, Nicholas ; Pierpoint,
Richard ; Poole, Hendrick ; Prout, Shuman.

Q. — Quick, Benjamin ; Quick, Solomon.

R. — Ramsay, Henry ; Rowe, John.

S. — Schram, VanAlstine ; Segar, Frederick ; Segar, Jacob ; Shel-
ding, John ; Shoulitz, Frederick ; Sipe, Andrew ; Skuse, John; Smith,
Adam ; Snider, John ; Spencer, Robert : Springer, Richard ; Spring-
steen, Casper ; Stedman, WTilliam ; Stuffle, John ; Sutton, Thomas.

T. — Topp, John ; Townshend, James ; Turnbull, William.

V. — VanAlstine, Jacob ; Vandecar, John ; Vandyke, Graus; Van-
Every, Benjamin ; VanEvery, McGregor.

W. — Walker, Jacob; Wheeler, Samuel; Windecker, Hendrick ;
Wormwood, Mathias ; Wormwood, Peter.

LOYALISTS arrived the 19th July from Canada: —
B. — Bowman, Adam ; Brown, Joseph ; Buck, Philip.
E.— Eycken, William.
H. — Huffman, Michael.
J. — Johnson, Conrad ; Johnson, John.
L. — Lampman, Frederick ; Lamprnan, Peter.
Me— McClellan, William.
M. — Millard, Josiah.

S; — Skinner, Henry ; Skinner, Josiah ; Skinner, Timothy.
V. — Veeders, Cornelius ; Vanderlip, Frederick. •
W.— Wickoff Peter.

Number of souls — Men, 258 ; women, 99 ; children above ten,
.48 ; children under ten, 115. Total, 620. Rations per day, 521^.

A. S. DEPEYSTER,

Lt.-Colonel.

(Canadian Archives, Series B., Vol. 168, p. 38.)

48
APPENDIX D.

List of the Officers of the Corps of Rangers Commanded by I/ieut.-
Colonel John Butler, Disbanded in 1784 at Niagara.

LlEUT.-COLONEL COMMANDING—

John Butler, born at New London in the Province of Connecticut.
Length of service, 29 years. An officer from the year 1755.

CAPTAINS —

Wm. Caldwell, 9 years, abandoned some property and consider-
able expectations from an opulent relative strongly attached to the
Americans by making his escape from Philadelphia in the year 1775,
when he was appointed an officer in the Indian Department, and
afterwards to a company in the Rangers, in which line he has on
frequent occasions distinguished himself as an active gallant partisan.

John McDonell — Invernesshire, Scotland,, 9 years ; came to
America with his father and other Highland emigrants in 1773 ;
settled in Tryon County, near Johnstown, in the Province of New
York. Entered His Majesty's service as a subaltern officer, 14th
June, 1775, in the 84th or Royal Highland Emigrants.

Peter TenBroeck, in the County of Albany, in the Province of
New York, 28 years. A captain in the York Provincial Regiment
last war, commanded by Colonel Oliver DeLancey, and one of His
Majesty's Justices of the Peace.

Peter Hare — Mohawk River, Tryon County; 7 years ; private
gentleman.

George Dame — Halifax, Nova Scotia, 24 years ; a subaltern
promoted from the 84th Regiment.

Bernard Frey — Tryon County in the Province of New York ; 7
years ; a gentleman's son on the Mohawk River. Served in the
Indian Department 2 years, from thence joined the corps of Rangers.

John McKinnon, Scotland, served with the southern army and
recommended to His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief by Lord
George Germain.

Lewis Genevay — Switzerland, 28 years. Joined the 60th Regi-
ment as a volunteer in the year 1756, and served until the reduction
in 1763. Served as adjutant to the British Militia when Canada was
invaded in 1775, and was that year appointed quartermaster of the
3rd Battalion of the 60th Regiment, and tho' upon service in Canada
with leave and paying another for doing his duty, he was super-
seded, upon which he was appointed to a company in this corps.

Andrew Bradt, Schenectady, 9 years ; farmer's son.
CAPTAIN-LIEUTENANT—

Benjamin Pawling, Philadelphia ; 7 years, farmer.

FIRST LIEUTENANTS—

John Turney — Strangford, County Down, Ireland; 25 years,
L8 years in the Kind's or 8th Regiment, 17 of which a non-commis-
sioned officer.

Jacob Ball — Schohary in the County of Albany, Province of
few York ; 6 years ; a former captain of militia ; left his estate and
imily in 1778 and brought off part of a company of men and joined
the corps of Rangers.

John Hare — Mohawk River; 7 years; farmer's son.

Peter Ball — County of Albany, Province of New York ; 6 years ;
tanner's son.

Thomas Butler — Mohawk River ; 3 years, 7 months ; Lieutenant-
>lonel Butler's son.

Joseph Ferris — Stamford, Connecticut, New England ; 6 years,
inner.

Alex. McDonell — Invernesshire ; 7 years. Came to America
rith his father and other Highland emigrants in 1773, settled in
j-yon County, near Johnstown, in the Province of New York. Entered
into His Majesty's service as a volunteer in the 84th or Royal High-
land Emigrants.

Ralph Clench — Pennsylvania ; 5 years ; farmer's son. Served one
rear as a volunteer in the King's or 8th Regiment.

Richard Manson — County Tryon, Province of New York ; 4
rears ; farmer.

SECOND LIEUTENANTS —

David Brass — Somerset County, East New Jersey; 6 years;
lillwright.

Charles Tonnancour — Canada ; son of Colonel Tonnancour of the
lilitia at Three Rivers.

John Bradt — Mohawk River ; 4 years ; farmer's son.

Caleb Reynolds — Plainfield, Connecticut; 7 years ; farmer's son.

Chichester McDonell — Invernesshire, Scotland; 6 years. Carne
America with his father and other Highland emigrants in 1773 ;
ittled in Tryon County, near Johnstown, in the Province of New
rork ; entered His Majesty's service a volunteer in the King's Royal
Regiment of New York in the year 1778.

Philip Luke — Jerico, County of Albany, in the Province of New
'ork ; 6 years ; "farmer. Served four years in a body of refugees at
few York, and two years in the corps of Rangers.

Samuel Tuffie — 3 years a volunteer in the 44th Regt.; son of
Quartermaster Tuffie.

Solomon Secord — New Rochelle, Westchester, Province of New
rork ; 7 years ; farmer's son.

David Sutherland — Scotland ; served one year as a volunteer in
the 84th Regiment.

Andrew Butler — Mohawk River ; 9 months ; Lieut.-Col. Butler's
son.

OTHER OFFICERS—

Adjutant William Smith — Halifax, County of York, England ;
32 years. In the army served 29 years in the 47th Regiment as a
sergeant and 3 years in the corps of Rangers.

Quartermaster Jesse Pawling — Philadelphia; 6 years ; private ;
gentleman.

Surgeon — Robert M. Guthrie, Limerick, Ireland ; 8 years and 6
months; hospital mate. Came to America with the first troops in
May, 1776.

Mate, Patrick Burke — County Mayo, Ireland ; 2 years a surgeon
in different trading vessels.

JOHN BUTLER, Lt.-CoL, Commandant.

WM. SMITH, Adjt.

'DUCIT AMOK PATRI.E ."

NIAGARA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

NO. 18

Early History of St. Mark's

Reminiscent Papers, No. i

Soldier Pensioners

Early Shipbuilding

Robert Oourlay

PRICE 2O CTS.

19O9

TIMES PRINT, NIAGARA.

CONTENTS

St. Mark's Early History by Cyril de M. Rudolf. Page 1.

Reminiscent Papers No. 1. John AJ. Clement, by Rev. J. C.
Garrett. Page 13.

Soldier Pensioners by Catherine M. Creed. Page 19.

Early Ship-building in Niagara by Augusta Isabella Grant
Gilkison. Page 29.

Robert Gourlay by Janet Carnochan. Page 36.

REMINISCENT PAPERS

No. i, by i?ev j c Garretr

John M. Clement

The Niagara Historical Society in the brief period following its
inception, that is to say, from December 1895 to 1907, the year on
which we have entered, has done muc-h to perpetuate the memory of
those men and women to wbom Niagara with the parts adjacent,
owes so much for making it what it has been and what it is ciow.
Not only have names and incidents been rescued from oblivion and
preserved to us and future generations by its means, but an added
lustre has been made to attach to those names which while dimly re-
membered, it were impossible to forget, by the discovery of new
facts to them relating, or by a resetting of the facts, known and re-
corded, in terms and associations better appropriate arid more truly
worthy. Little and large have been touched into a truer arid mor^
appreciable form, which proves the later judgments concerning
peoples and periods, the truer and the better. And, just here, with
out the very slightest savour, I assure myself, of offence to goo 1
taste, I may take the opportunity —I shall not say the liberty — to
mention that no one has done more on the lines indicated than that
lady who has presided over the society's destinies during most of
these years. Person and place alike have been mad a luminous by
virtue of her pen, and to-day mos'j largely by her effort, long and
well sustained, stands within the precincts of the old historic town a
building presently to be dedicated to the purposes of this society.
In this Memorial Hall shall be deposited relics already gathered
from the past, and, when the things of to-day h ive b-3co:u3 ancient,
they too shall find representative perpetuation there.

The history of a place is but; the story of ics people, men an 1
women whose lives have affected it, or t,iO33 whose lives it has been'

known to affect. There must be greater or lessor in the proportion
of the significance of each; there can be no absolute insignificance in
the proportion of any, Its buildings, great or sin ill, indifferent or
imposing, are merely monuments of the m^n who built and of thos-*
who occupied them. In themselves considered they are nothing or
next to nothing; in their us-^ and purpose, as- they serve our ends
presently or as they have served the purposes of tho^e who reared
and utilized them in days anterior to our owa, dwell their signifi-
cance. Even the ruins of structures erected in other times are index
to the thought, the feeling and the character of the people of those
times in which they were planned and brought to completion, the
very decay of which adds charm to their interest.

Now, while much has been recorded of the men and women of
the past of Niagar i a-id tha things that are monumental of them, it
would be folly on our pirt to stay further proceedings, and act as if
we considered the story complete The curtain has not yet finally
fallen and while the stage of action stands and the drama proceeds,
incident and itss makers must still be regarded, and all that is worthy
of interest to-day should be so noted as not to be lost to that inter-
est or forgotten to-morrow. Every stone fitted to place in the fabrij
reared mu:t be of importance thereto, as it is of its substance,
whether it be oblong or square, round or non-descript, and may not?
be left without some degree of consideration — some measure of
notice.

That, within the few years last past, some of the epoch-markers
and era makers of Niagara, whose dust, reverently deposited, has
but begun to mingle with the earth beneath the trees in the midst of
the silence of beauty and the beauty of silence so rery characteristic
of their last earthly resting place, lived and moved and had their
being in our midst, there need be no want ot information, as there is-
abundance of evidence. Yet not those who, without the least hesi-
tation, may be considered and called such alone merit consideration.
The tiny lamp has often served us as could not the brilliant sun.
The great and the greatest-, the lesser and the least have alike for us
an interest, fcr each alone can have his attribute by comparision with
each. As to both it does not so much presently concern us that
they sleep or rest peacefully after the fitful fever of their earthly
life, as it does that their names shall be recorded ard their memory
cherished by those who succeed them in place and period and ytte
more by their successors in period and place. After so much of re-
mark by way of foreword I may now proceed with my subject:

The first man, as I Itft the train on my advent to Niagara, to
take me by the hand was the people's Church Warden of St. Mark's,
John M. Clement, familiarly called "Johnny." This on the 31st

day of October, 1888. Taking my grip from my other hand, he bore
it, as he ]ed me there, to the Rectory. From that time to the day
of his death, I kept him more or less in view. Even when for a
time he lived in St. Louis, Mo., having been engaged by Mr. J. H.
Lewis as a clerk in his establishment in that city, I tried to keep
him within the circle of my interest and the substance of my in-
quiries. That he went down there too Jate in life to make a real
success of it is not to be considered wholly a matter of blame on his
part. Away from the associations of the greater part of hio career
as well as the intimacy of his family, the formative period of his life
all behind him, it was ail but impossible th't he should a'-commotlate
himself to the new circumstances. An U. E Loyalist by inheritance
and a Tory by inheritance, conviction and choice, h^ coal 1 no!>, .ab
his very earliest, have made a very true or enthusiastic United
States' citizen. Be that as it may, his time in the great Republic
was, as most of us know, comparatively brief and not over success-
ful.

To go back to the beginning, let ine say, that, at the time I
first knew him, he kept a very small store in the place now occupied
by P. Librock, Jeweller, on Qneen St What was real I v sold there
at the time I cannot now rt call to mind, but I know there was more
i-dtailing of Protestant-ecclesiastical, Tory-political and Blue and
Capitular Masonical information than of the more material matters
that usually change hands in such a place.

Warm-hearted, genial and jovial, with gifts that should have
given him wider influence and opportunities, so I have been inform-
ed, of larger life and usefulness, the wonder is that he cculd so
easily have contented himself with the measure of his accomplish-
ments. We have not far to seek, however, to find him in those
particulars in good compay, some of them men of genius extraordin-
ary, whom, presently, I need not instance, lest in your view I may
make comparisons absurd.

Before my knowledge of him began his better days had well-
ligh, if not wholly, passed, and, if it be evident that he was not;
iestined to succeed in the world of affairs and business, it was
through no lack of ability, limit of education or want of information.
fe was bright beyond many, alike in ability to acquire and bestow
the things of intelligence. Instead of his becoming, as it was or-
iginally intended he should, a learned physician, he became a local
>olitician, though never to his own advantage in the attainment of
)lace and power. Had he but served himself with ail the zeal he
arved the Liberal-Conservative party in local politics, I hazard the
issertion, that he had been happier and wealthier, if not healthier, in
mssession during his life's later period of more of the world's

good things in the sense material and, perhaps, more of the things
that relate to affection, which alone can grace and sweeten this
work-a day life. So far as we can see, in the event of any party
triumph, he was never selected by the men he supported for the
solace of spoil sharing. He died owing his political party nothing.

To the Craft (Free-Masonry) he was, doubtless, ever and always
too frep. There was no limit to his labour in the cause thereof but
that of his cable tow, whose extent was indeed beyond that of tiis
many combined. To serve the Craft, he would brook no hindrance.
Yet, as in politics so in Masonry, sparing no pains to advance its in-
terests, it would be hard indeed to discover any personal advantage
beyond that which was purely social, that ever accrued to him from
it. He made many men Masons who never made much, as a man,
of him. He was a Mason, however, "from the tips of his fingers to
the end of his toes," as some one has graphically expressed it.
Those who remember him will not find it difficult to call to mind the
disadvantage under which at times he laboured, owing to a rather
harrassing defect of utterance. His speech flowed pertectlv, when
he could dismiss its consciousness. Those who, in the sanctuary of
Lodge and Chapter, have heard him give almost the whole of the
work, routine and degree, which, owing to the deficiency in mnemon-
ics of those in office, he was o^ten compelled to pive, must remember
his superiority to such trying disadvantage in the happiness and con-
stancy of his triumph over it. His verbal memory was remarkable
to a degree.

Despite an occasional lapse, that tc himself more than to any
other brought the blush of conscious shame, he was a Churchman
arid a Christian. Never failing in attendance at a Tory political
gathering, always present at every communication of his Lodge
and convocation of his Chapter until overtaken by fatal disease, he
never forgot, even in the interest of these, to occupy his seat, at the
morning service, as often as the Sunday came round, in the Church
of St. Mark, which we believe was ever first in his affection With
a number of others he was, in the early days of my ministry here,
afraid of that which is high in Churchmanship, and I fear he half
doubted me, nevertheless, in due course, he came to appreciate the
fact, that all is not high which by some may be so considered, and,
being a Mason and therefore a ritualist, he grew to learn the differ-
ence between reverence and ritualism.

Of the antecedents of my subject, so extraordinary in the regard

^ of things extraordinary yet so ordinary in ordinary things, it need

only be said that both his father and mother were of honourable

and historic families — George A. Clement, his father, being the son

of that hero, who under the name of "Ranger John," Mr. Kirby has

made immortal in his poem '-The U. E ' but whose proper name
was tliat of our subject his grandson, John. His mother, Hannah
Ball, who at the age of 90 years is still in our midst, is the daughter
of John C. Ball who fought for King and country at Queenston
Heights. As Miss Carnochan informs me, to whom I am indebted
for the facts to them relating, both faraiii^s, Ball and Clement, were
among the earliest settlers in the vicinity, of what are termed U.E.
Loyalists, having come to the country in 1780.

Honoured and industrious, as well as being in possession of con-
siderable means, Mr. and Mrs. Clement gave their son, John M., a
good education and in affairs abundant opportunity to succeed, so
that whatever he may have lacked in beginning or end, was beyond
the power of parents to supply.

John M. Clement was born in the Township of Niagara on the
4th day of October, 1841. He was educated at the Grammar School
of Niagara and that of Drummondville, at the former under the Rev.
H. Phillips and at the latter nnder Mr. James M. Dunn — his favorite
study being Geometry, in which he was proffijient. To uss the ex-
act words of one of our best authorities, let me say, "Nor must be
forgotten the interest he took in the cause of education, being
Secretary and Treasurer of the High School of his native town for
many years " At one time, a dispute having arisen between town
and township as to the erection of the present High School building,
it was greatly owing to his exertions and those of the Kev, Chas.
Campbell, the Chairman, that a successful issue was obtained. At a
public meeting, afterwards Mr. Clement, in referring to the struggle
said, "We might well have quoted the words of St. Paul, that we had
fought with beasts at Ephesus."

That he ever matriculated at the University, I am unable to af-
firm, though as already stated, parental intention seems to have
been, to make him a doctor of medicine. But "the best laid schemes
o' mice an' men gang aft' aglee," and so they appear to have gone in
his case, for he never arrived at that desirable destination.

In early life he married Miss Donaldson of Grantham, and to
them in due course two children were born — a daughter and a son
both of whom are to-day occupying positions of honour and useful-
ness in the world, a credit to themselves, their parents and this their
native town.

Its joys and sorrows coming to an end, Mr. Clement departed
this life, alter a very painful illness borne with great patience and
fortitude, at the Marine and General Hospital, St. Catharines, on the
25th day of April, 1902, leaving behind him h;s aged mother, his
wife and his children — all of whom to him were very dear. During
his illness, alike at his mother's and at the hospital I, as his clergy-

man, frequently visited him, till, without murmur or complaint t<j
me, he passed on to join the silent majority. This I c tn assart,
without equivocation or mental reservation of any kind, I never
heard, under any provocation, the late Jchn M. Clement utter one
slanderous word or make complaint that he was ever si tndered.
Had he been less kind in soma regards, in others he had been more
considerately dealt with, and, I am persuaded, more tenderly cared
for and kindly treated; but no diparaging word he owes, seeing that
in strength and werkness, as ourselves, he only could be human —he
was but a man. He asks not or' us now for any of his frailties the
offer of apology, for every one ^of his, our own muse be in some
degree.

This, or anv paper that may follow, I am not writing as a his-
torian, so that for their form I need off^r no apology. To do justice
to some historic claims and, thereby to ourselves, is not my sole in-
tention, but rather to save from possible oblivion some few names
that should riot be forgotten It is to me more than sadness, to
think that the appreciation most ahown of names and characters
must be post mortem — that they, of whom it may be most appro-
priately uttered and recorded, are beyond the gratification of hearing
any kind words of ours spoken or seeing them when written. Often
too late ujust come the manifestation of our sympathy and favour.
Our flaws, our frailties and our failings stand out conspicuously, and
are brought home to us abundantly in the light of lifp; our graces,
gifts and goodnesses most reveal themselves on the sable background
of death and the grave. Perhaps, it may be better so. Peace ! Lee
him rest, whose life, as ours, had its own term of weariness ! God
knows us best ! Tne good in all is ever in His view, whatever else
is there, and yet, what else He sees He sees through eyes of mercy —
mercy indeed, that every soul must claim, and which to claim is
surely to secure. How strangely mixed in quality is every lii-i oi
man !

SOLDIER PENSIONERS

<:And there are Deeds that Shall not Wither- And Names
that must not Pass Away."

BYCflTHERINEM- CREED.

The diplomacy of British governors has accomplished much, the
courage and manliness of British officers has helped the nation
muddle through many difficulties. But diplomacy nor courage of
leaders could "Make the kings come down nor the emperors frown,"
if behind these was not the rank and file of the British Army.

In the old days a man taking the Queen's shilling gave up
twenty-one years of his life He was sent from barrackroom to
battle field, from battle to barrack from England to India to Canada.
Sent to back up the blundering diplomacy of politicians, often led
into ambush by incapable if courageous officers, in time of peace in
all sorts of -trouble as in an old song of my father's. "Sent to clink.
Five times for selling my kit. Three times for desertion" — and so on
through the list. — In time of war no thought of desertion though his
rations were "Standing water as thick as ink. A bit of beef that
were three year stored — A bit of mutton as tough as a board," or as
was served to them in the Crimea dried pease which they must cook
as best they could.

The men \>hose time expired while in the colonies were en-
couraged to settle there. Those who had but a short time to serve
often exchanged to the incoming regiments that they might ba in the
new land when given their discharge. Even desertion was very very
common when orders to return home were expected.

Niagara being for so many years a military cencre had great
numbers of these old soldiers officially known as ("out pensioners of
Her Majesty's hospital at Chelsea." We remember some of them,
quiet respectable men who still clung to the habit of "keeping them-

selves and their accoutrements clean, going to church every Sunday,
getting drunk occasionally — considering it treason *o vote other than
'Tory' — and calculating time from "pension day". Also they had
leanings towards matrimony, age never being considered an obstacle
Their widows never seemed to have any difficulty in marrying another
pensioner. We remember well one such who had six husbands, five
whom had been soldiers.

"Time rolls his ceaseless course
The race of yore who danced our infancy upon their knee

And told our marvelling boyhood legends store
Of those strange ventures happed by land or ssa

How are they blotted from the things that be
How few all weak and withered of their force

Wait on the verge of dark eternity
Like stranded wrecks — the tide returning hoarse

To sweep them from our sight
Time rolls his ceaseless course."

The governor has Isft his reports and letters — the officer hig
letters and diary — We think these worthy, gatherletters, diaries and
reports to keep in memory those who lived in the strenuous days of
yore. Private Tommy Atkins left behind him no memoirs— the ris-
ing generttion hear from his lips no tales of the sufferings of the
Crimea, the horrors of the Mutiny nor talk of plague and fever
which wrought no less havoc in the regiment. Their graves are
flattened now, and all but forgotten but surely they too deserve some
measure of recognition from a society formed for the purpose of
keeping in memory all that goes to make up the history of our town.
They did not talk of patriotism but in many a march and fight had
they proven their willingness to give up their lives, ''For the pride
of the race and the peace of the land." Those who lived with them
were not taught patriotism by flag saluting and wild hurrahing — but
pride ^nd love for the race and all its glorious history came with the
lump in the throat that rose when listening to some tale of great
heroism Love ai d loyalty to our Que^n was kindled in our hearts
when we saw the d mrned eye-; glow, saw the bowed shoulders square
themselves as an old man would live again though a well remembered
S3en •. They could relate many a barrack room tale of war, but as
t e service of mof»t of them was during the "piping day& of paace"
their f tvori e stories were usuilly some incident m the life of the
Queen. The (ollowing is a sample.

" ! he regiment was at Aldershob and had formed ftholow sq lare
t.) witness tearing th^ stripes from an old sergeant. The Queen
\ h >se pr. s-nce ssems to have been unexpected rode up and ques

tioned the prisoner. He told her of his sufferings and service in the
Crimea, With the tears streaming down her face she turned to the
commanding officer and asked for full pardon." One of the particu-
lars of this scene which seemed to be very important to the teller
and was duly impressed upon the hearers was that the Queen had
on a most beautiful pink dress on this occasion.

The list of names in the pensioners' book recall to many of us
the faces or characteristics of those who used to be so familar to us,
John Fulton, Robt. Beaven, Wm. Hacker, Corp'l. John McKenzie,
Corp'l. Wm. Maxwell were all regular attendants at St. Andrew's
Church when I was a child, Maxwell was the sexton. Mr. Fulton was
an elder in the Free Kirk, and after the union, in St. Andrew's,
Mr. McKenzie was librarian of the Mechanics' Institute for some
years. Mr. Goodwin was always accompanied by a dog as white and
as woolly as a sheep and we cannot think of one without the other.
The name Jesse Keitley recalls a very much bent old man who went
to Church when he could barely move one foot past the other.
Kent again was a man as straight as in his soldiering days, but re-
nowned more for his L'ish wit than for the uprightness of his ways.
Collins served his full time in the Royal Navy and no doubt learned
many useful things there, but being master in his own house was not
one of them. His matrimonial disturbances were the amusement of
the neighborhood in which he lived.

THOMAS BURNS

SERGEANT R.C,R.

In the list of the "Pensioners' Relief Fund" 1870 there are 66
names. In April 1882 there are 27. This fund seems to have been
dropped at that time. In a list of the pensioners May 31st, 1883
there are 36 names. To-day there is but one British pensioner in
Niagara, Mr. Thomas Burns, who during the sunimrr still performs
the duties of Custom House officer. Mr, Burns has a remarkable
memory giving the date of almost any event in his experience. He
jo:ned the band of the Royal Canadian Rifles 2nd August, 1847 and
was sworn iii by Justice of the Peace Simpson, who was afterward
M.P. for Niagara. His service lasted 23 years 9 months, in that
time being shifted many times a§ far East as Fort Lennox and west
to London, which was west in those days. He was the son of a man
of the 85th King's Own Light Infantry. His wife, whom he married
in 1850, was a daughter of Jas. Holohan of the 15th, and their son
the late Serg't. Jas. Burns of London, was bugler of the R.C.R. at
12 years of age and served as bugler in the Fenian Raid, later re-

ceiving a medal for service in the N. W Rebellion 1885. He him-
self has the Fenian Raid medal. Wibh a pleasant laugh he tells how
tht y were reported as having captured four switches, a meerschaum
and a shako."

Mr. Burns transferred from the band to the ranks and was dis-
charged sergeant in 1870 He served on the Montreal Police Force
for some years but in 1883 returned to Niagara where we. hope his
stalwart form will be a, familiar sight for many years to ccme.

He died Jan. 3, 1908 after a few hours illness, less than a montb
after this was written.

He was ptill in the band when it was sent from Toronto in the
'Peerless" to take part in the last funeral of Brock, Oct. 13, 1853.
Mr. Burns remembers it as the hottest day he ever experienced.
They joined the firing party at Niagara and marched to the Hamil-
ton homestead where the funeral procession started from The car
was modelled from that of the Duke of Wellington, It was four tiers-
high, having upon it and about it swords and rifles that had been
used in the war of 1812 "Before we started" says Mr. Burns "the
same Mr. Ball who had just been showing us Brock's hat called upon
all survivors of 1812 to come forward as chief mourners. One of the
fellows standing near mv brother Pat, who was drum major stepped

out. "Here come back* says Pat, "what are you doing

there? "Whist' be quiet will you — sure aint I a survivor of 1812, I
was born in that year," and he went as a c'lief mourner.

As nearly all the old soldiers who livdd in Niagara within our
memory finished their tima in the Royal Canadian Rifles it might be
iuteresting to say a Kttle about this regiment. "In 1806 Col. Brocky
afterwards, Sir Isaacr laid before His Royal Highness the Command-
er in Chief, the outline of a plan for the formation of a veteran bat-
talion to serve in the Canadas. (Life; of Sir Isaac by his nephew F.
Brock Tupper )

He writes "Experience has taught me that no regular regimeut?
however high its claims to discipline, can occupy the frontier posts
of Lower and Upper Canada, without suffering materially in its-
numbers. It might have been oteerwise some years ago; but now
that the country, particularly the opposite shore, is cbietiy inhabited
by the oiliest characters who have an interest in debauching the-
soldier from his duty; since roads are opened into the interior of the
states which facilitate desertion it is impossible to avoid the conta-
gion. * * What I would presume humbly to recommend is the
establishing of a corps composed of men deserving, by long and
faithful services, of the most liberal protection and favor, whose
interests wouid be so interwoven with the saf -ty and prosperity of
the country as, to ensure a continuance of good conduct *• *•

And Canada instead of being the ruin of part of the army would
be a most eligible quarter."

The Duke of York sent his thanks for "the very sensible obser-
vations which H.R.H. will not fail to take into consideration at a
seasonable opportunity."

The next year the 1 Oth Royal Veteran Battalion was sent out
and then the R.C.R. was formed at St. Helen's Island 1841. To
join this a man must have served 15 years in the army have a good
conduct record and never have been court martialled. The members
of the band must be the soriS of soldiers. Thus we would naturally
conclude that it would be a well drilled, well disciplined regiment.
So it was in many respects but good sergeants were not the necessity
that they are in a regiment receiving "raw r^cruities." In this regi-
ment they never became the trusty responsible men upon whom the *
ofiicers depended and to \\hom the ranks looked up. Bus the ser-
geant of to-day might be in the ranks to-morrow and the ranker in
his place at sergeants' mess. The dignity which we naturally as-
iociate with that office was uuattainable by these men. The follow-
ing reminiscence of Mr. Burns illustrates this. The commisariat store
house in Toronto was near the wharves opposrte a tavern known as
The Half Way House. Provisions were carried in a large box hav-
ing four handles. One dey a hurdy gurdy playing in front of this
tavern inspired the sergeant in charge to mount this box and dance
for the amusement of his men and the crowd about. Next day he
could say with Mulvaney *I was sergeant wanst afterwards redushed."

The orphans of pensioners were many of them sent to the Duke
of York School in England and to the Hibernian in Ireland.
These schools formed grand recruiting stations for the regiments.
A number of the band of the R..CR. were from these schools. Mr.
Burns 'tells of three who deserted while the regiment was stationed
at Butler's Barracks. Their plans wore well laid and told to only
one other. The band did not play outside during mess as it does
now at camp time, but inside. The room was brilliantly lighted with
a large number of candles. It was the duty of one to wait behind
and extinguish the lights which were for the benefit of the band.
This man was the accomplice of the three. On this night he lingered
over his work as long as he dared then the band formed and was
marched to quarters where the ro)l was called. It was only then
that Geo. Hill, Hare and Dunleavy were missed. By this time they
had reached the boat waiting for them at the Half Moon Battery.
Neither they nor their instruments were seen again. A few years ago
Mr. Burns noticed an article prasing the work of Geo. Hill, band
master at West Point. He wrote and found out that this was a son
of the Geo. Hill v\ho had deserted from the band of the R.C.R.

PRIVATE WAT. LUNN

After twenty five years 116 days service in the army, priv.it *
Wm. Lunn was blinded while on sentry duty at Butler's barracks.

He was looking upward at a spider spinning its web when it
fell upon his face. He immediatelyclapped bis hand upon it sq -.ash-
ing it. The poison entered bis eye. He was sent to hospital s.nd
in a fe-.y days was told that he would be all right. The old doctor
went away and Mr. Lunn always declared that the young man left
in his place had put vitriol in his eye. At any rate he lost the sight
of both eyes. He lived in town for forty years after this.

His discharge reads — Private Wm. Lann No. 486 born in the

parish of Oakingham in or near the town of Reading county of

Berks — enlisted in London in 56 Reg't. Nov. 6, 1832 at the age of

^ 23£ years the last 10 years in R. C. R., Services in Jamaica —

West Indies, landed in Canada 10 May, 1840, discharged 1857.

Pr. Lunn however claimed to be 5 years older than what
was shown by his papers. He had given it in wrong as he was over
the enlisting age.

An application for increase in pension had evidently been made
as of course being blind he could not add to his income doing the
odd jobs by which so many of the old soldiers kept themselves in
"baccy and beer."

The following answer to such an appeal is among the letters
and papers held by his daughter Mrs. Wm. McCarten:

Royal Hospital Chelsea, S. W.

20th May 1864
Wm. Lunn

Late of Canadian Rifles,

With reference to your application of 12th ultimo I am dir-
ected to acquaint you that you have been awarded the full rate of
Pension authorized by the regulations for your services of 25 years
and 4 badges, viz; Is 2d a day and as you were discharged in conse-
quence of having completed your period of service and not for dis-
ability you have no claim to any increase to that rate.

A. MOORHEAD
Secretary and Registrar.
Ctunty of Lincoln,
Province of Canada.

I think that it was daring the Zulu War that Mr. Luan was
almost a daily visitor at our house. He would talk of the
Crimea, would tell of the bridge that was formed of dead bodies at
Balaclava, would speak of how weak they were when relieved by the
French but 80 men left in his regiment yet his papers mention no

Service there nor had he a Crimean medal so that it is probable
that his stories were second hand. I went to see him in Toronto
a few months betore he died. He tried to tell me an old yarn about
being caught stealing cabbages while on the march, but would wan-
der off en something else. He was then 91 years old.

JOSEPH EARS

A genial old fellow that we remember more for the excellence of
his strawberries than for anything else was Joseph Ears of the 2nd
Brigade Light Infantry. He would say "Our officers were no small
guns, earls and dukes and all that !'' The late Mr. Jas. Swift belong-
ed to the same Reg't. The last time I talked with Mr. Ears he told
again with many chuckles the same story that was always told when
Swift's name T.yas mentioned. "It was just after the Queen's marriage
and we were having a grand review. We had marched past and
were coming back at the double. Swift never could run and was
way in the rear. The Prince asked who was that man. He was
told Swift. Well well said the Prince with a laugh, 'Swift by name
and slow by nature." This joke never lost its freshness.

CORPORAL HENRY RICHES

At the age of 39 years Heniy Riches had won his discharge after
serving 21 years 41 days. He was born in the Parish of West Gate
in the town of Canterbuiy in the County of Kent. tie enlisted at
Canterbury for the 41st Reg't. on the 17th August, 1843 at the
age of 16^ years. He was discharged at his own request 'Free'
with pension May 22, lfc>66. The discharge was confirmed at the
Horse Guards 3rd day of July 1866. He went to the Crimea and
after serving there two years and a half, returned to England with-
out ever having been in hospital. He was always a little bitter over
the treatment there, but took care to emphasize the fact that it was
not the officers who were to blame, but those in authority at home.
He was one of 11 men out of»3 regiments who returned after an
assault upon Sevastapool. He was always very proud of his two
medals one having the bar for Sevastapool 1854, which he called the
Victoria medal it having the Queen's head upon it. In some way
since his death one bar has been lest and Mrs. Riches cannot re-
member what it was for. She thinks it was on the medal for 1855.
She also says that he \\as recommended for the Victoria Cross for
service at Sevastapcol. He married \\hile stationed in Wales. He
came to Canada in 1858 and. joined the R.C.R. in Kingston. His

first wife having ciied he married the daughter of Timothy Harring-
ton of the R.C.R. (a pensioner of- Niagara.) For a number of years
be was an enthusiastic member of the local company of the 19th
battalion. He died May 22nd, 1888, leaving a widow and ten sons
and daughters all of whom are still living.

JAMESOG1LVY COX

Commonly know as Genthman Cox was the son of Capt. Cox of
the 37th. His brother was an officer of the R.C.R. and he was
brother-in-law of Capt Geale of the same reg't. He enlisted in the
100th. The term of service of this reg't. was ten years or twelve in
case of war. At the end of their ten years service the reg't. was in
Montreal and as many of the men did not wish to leave Canada
again thev asked for their discharge. Cox was oae of these. He
then enlisted in the R.C.R. which was disbanded two years later.
He lived about here for a number of years, If not acquainted his
well known introduction "I am a gentleman, my nam^ is Cox," soon
put you on his list of friends. He had been discharged on account
of the disbandment of the reg't. but never thought of a pplying for
any pension. About fifteen years ago friends intesested themselves
and made application. He received $100 cash and 6d a day for life.
His money soon went and his 6d a day was then all he had to de-
pend -pon. He died in St. Catharines and was. buried ia St. :vlark's
cemetery.

A few of these old men had been what was called "mollified
pensioners." That is after serving at least fourteen years they de-
manded their discharge took a lump sum and left the army waiving
all claims to a pension. These as a rule were not men who looked
ahead. They quickly spent what they had. The British Govern-
ment learned that many of its old soldiers were destitute and granted
them a gratuity of 6d a day after they had reached 60 years of age.
One of these men in Niagara made application for his 6d a day.
The answer came back that he had demanded his discharge when
men were badly needed 1837, therefore no gratuity would be grant-
ed them. During the Crimean war anny of these. moUified pensioners
re-enlisted for garrison duty to allow the regiments to go on F.ctive
service.

ELIAS JONES

I do not remember this unique figure but have heard of him so-
often thac it seems to be remembrance He was bom in Caernavori,
April 1st. 1764, died in Niagara 1873; at the age of 109 years. He

served eleven years in the Royal Navy and the rest of his time in the
58th Reg't. He served in the Peninsular War, being wounded at
Vitloria and when on the Pyrenees. He came to Canada in 1832
and served as sergeant of the Ni-egara Volunteers in 1837. The
late Senator Plumb was much interested in this old man and did
what he could to make his old age comfortable. An application was
made in Parliament for aid. (He was believed by some to be but
a mollified pensioner.) The following note by Sir John A. Mac-
Donald was written on the back of the petition when it was forward-
ed to the proper authorities, Cameron and Richards who were re-
specfcivelv Commissioner of Crown lands arid Provincial Secretary.

"I think between you and Richards you could vote this old
buffer a small gratuity. You as a Tory and Richards as Reformer."
This »\as probably more effective than elegant for the old soldier
was well taken care of after this till his death 7 years later.

BERNARD McBRYAN

Barney McBryan is described by one of his old neighbors as a
kindly sensible man who was equally at home in visiting a sick child
or an old comrade. He was born in the town of Omagh, County of
Tyrone, enlisted at Londonderry for the 56th Reg't. of Foot on 14th
July, 1828, at the age of 18 years. His service was 21 years 5 days
services in the West Indies, 8 years in North America. He was dis-
charged in consequence of disability, 14th July, 1849. His papers
are very much stained and hard to discipher but it seems that for
some cause probably the disability refcrrad to above his pension was
increased. He had I think two sons and four daughters. At least
two of these married American soldiers trom Ft. Niagara and one
grandson joined the U. S. army. While so much is being said about
old age pensions we wonder if such a thing would have the same
effect that the certainty of a pension seems to have had on the Brit-
ish soldier. They were not afraid of work but as a rule seemed to
have no desire to save meney. Many of them bought a little cottage
with an acre or two of ground while never claimiug their land
grants. Barney was one of these. The following is a copy of his
paper.

BATHUKST ST. BARRACKS,

Toronto, 7th June, 1858

Certified that Bernard JVlcBrieri from the Royal Regiment of
Canadian Rifles, has served in the Canadian Enrolled Pension Force
and as a member of the Police Force for five years, and has faithfully
performed his duty when called on to act in the above Force and is

now under the Act of Parliament 14 and 15 Vic., Cap 77, entitled
to fifty acres of land and is strongly recommended as being a steady
and industrious man for an additional Free grant of 100 acres under
the provisions of the order of Council of the 26th August 1857.
Signed

I. L. TULLOCK,

Military Superintendent of Pensioners.
(Not very sure of name.)

We cannot be reminded too often that Niagara has a glorious
history that our fathers were a sturdy race ready to do and dare for
king -and country. There are those with us who are proud of being
descendants of the U.E.L's. who left all and faced for the second
time the hardships of pioneer life because of their loyalty.
Some of us are proud of being the children or grandchildren of
those who had no worldly wealth but the "bit o'pension." I was
told lately that it was the new comers who had somewhat raised
the moral tone of our town. Perhaps the daughter of a man who
was born in a barracks and who served in a regiment is prejudiced
but as I recall one by one these old "comrades," remember their
simple faith in God and the church — think again of their pride in
"the regiment," their loyalty to the Queen, and the cheery kindly
interest in one another I cannot but think that they compare
favorably with those of the present day. It may be that their out-
look was not broad, that they had no plans for the uplifting of man-
kind but with church and state and pension safe what more wa»
required ?

Early Ship Building at Niagara

CONTRIBUTED BY

Augusta Isabella Grant Gilkison.

(We are much indebted to Miss Gilkison of Brantford, for those
extracts from the diary of her uncle Robert Gilkison, and the notes
vshe has furnished in explanation. Miss Gilkison is the great grand-
daughter of Wm. Jarvis, Secretary to our first Governor, Col. John
Graves Simcoe, and his wife the daught3r of Rev. S. Peters, D-D.
Miss Gilkison has contributed many manuscripts to the Historical
Society relating to the Jarvis, Gilkison and McCormick families.
In the Hamilton family burying ground at Queenston is buried the
widow of Wm. Jarvis as two daughters married sons of Hon. Robert
Hamilton while another married Thos. McCormick whose daughter
married J. T. Gilkison, the father of Miss Gilkison, to whom we are
indebted for the material cf this paper, being extracts from the diary
of her uncle, Robert Gilkison and a short note relating to the writer
of the diary.) J. C. Ed.

— =* ^Robert Gilkison fourth son of Capt. Wm. Gilkson and Isabella
Grant, daughter of Commodore Grant of Grosse Point near Detroit
was born at Queenston, 1810, was christened by the Rev. Robert
Addison at Niagara, as may be seen in St. Mark's Register. He
was taken home to Glasgow in 1815 by his father and mother with
five brothers to be educated and was apprenticed to John Wood a
shipbuilder at Port Glasgow when he w*s fourteen years of age and
remained there till August 1834, when he came to Niagara and en-
gaged himself to the Niagara Dock Company, Capt. Melville theii(
being President.,.,

The first steamboat he built was the Traveller, 1835, for the
Hon. John Hamilton, at the cost of ^"8000, her length was 145 ft,
width 23 ft, 6 in., depth 11 ft. Her speed WAS 11 to 13 miles an
hour, she was considered the fastest boat on Lake Ontario then.
The next steamer was the Experiment, 1837, for Mr. James Lock-
hart, 98 ft. long, width 14 ft. depth 15ft., speed ten miles an hour.

He also built the Transit, then the steamer Queen Victoria in July,
1838, for Mr. Lockhart, length 130 ft, breadth 13 ft, 6 in, depth 7
ft., 3 in., speed 12 miles an hour, 50 horse power, cost of building
;£6670. The Steamer Gore was also built for Mr. Lockhart at the
cost of ;£] 5,052, being 43 horse power. He also built the steamer
Niagara for the Hon. John Hamilton in 1839, also a gunboat to
protect Lake Erie at Chippawa.

A. I, G. GILKISON,

'•April 26th, 1838. While stepping on the shore from the new
steamer Victoria the gangway slipped and I was precipitated into
the dock, the result of course was a thorough ducking luckiiy unat-
tended by any blow in my descent, thh water was very cold, when
rescued my heart appeared to rise to my mouth and involuntarily I
sobbed like a child.

April 30th, Intelligence reached Niagara of the arrival at New
York of the first two steamships from England the smaller of the
two was built by my old worthy friend John Wood. The Sirius made
her passage from Cork to New York in eighteen days. Her oppon-
ent, the Great Western, accomplished the voyage in fifteen days.
The success of these vessels at once decides the question of navigat-
ing the Atlantic by steam, for my own part I nevnr had a doubt on
the subject of the success of effecting a communication by stean*
vessels across the wide Atlantic between the two countries. We
may also look forward to the passage money being greatlv reduced
£30 the present fare to one half. Our American neighbors will find
a sad falling off in the receipts of their packet ships and justly soy
splendid and comfoitable as they are, they must yield way to enter-
prise and the genius of the age we live in,

Sunday, May 18th. Mr. Robert Grant died on Thursday last
and was buried at Thorold yesterday, David Grant and I attended
the funeral, he was my father's great friend and was sixty years of
age.

June 1st, 1838. • Intelligence reached Niagara that the British

steamboat, Sir Robert Peel, was burned by a party of American

ruffians while taking on wood at a small island adjoining the Ameri'

can shore, the pirates plundered the boat previous to setting her on

. fire, the passengers lost all they had which was considerable.

June 5th. We were under an apprehension of an attack last
night from the American side but all things continue quiet, a strong
guard is kept at the dock and I have placed a boom across the en-
trance of the basin which will give them much trouble to cross,
should any be so bold as to attempt such an enterprise.

June 13th. The new steamer Queen Victoria, we expect to try

to-morrow when it is to be hoped the expectations one has formed of
her speed will not he dissappointed as every one connected with the
Dock Company feels anxious for her success — none more so than R.
G. and fat jolly Capt. Melville.

June 14th. The new steamer Queen Victoria, had her trial
trip up the Niagara river, both banks of this noble sheet of water are
clothed in green and the whole appearance of surrounding scenery
is most interesting. The vessel's speed will be about eleven miles an
hour. Our second trip from Niagara to Queenston was forty-two
minutes up and twenty-five minutes down, a rate which will render
her Queen of Lake Ontario, it is a feather in my cap and will add
much to the credit of the oompany.

June 21st. Mr. Lockhart has succeeded in disposing to the
Government of his small steamer Experiment for ^"4500, Mr. Lock-
hart says his profits have been. ^2000 for twelve months work.
Excellent.

June 25th. The rebels still among the good people of the
frontier, a party having assembled about twenty miles from this are
now harassing the interior but from the determined measures adopt-
ed by our Governor Sir George Arthur we may look forward to their
proceedings being speedily crushed as the parties sent in pursuit
succeeded in capturing nearly twenty of the invaders so that in a
few days they will be dispersed.

June 29th. The celebration of her Majesty's Coronation I pas-
sed in company with a party of sixty ladies and gentlemen on board
our new Steamboat Queen Victoria. It wis her first trip to Toronto,
the distance of thirty-eight miles we accomplished in three hours
and seven minutes a rate hardly exceeded by any other boats. We
had a delightful afternoon and after a pleasant dinner danced quad-
rilles with great spirit untilourarrivalat Qaeenston about eight
o'clock in the evening where a part of the company landed while the
remainder returned to Niagara. I never passed a more agreeable
day, everything passed off happily without a single circumstance to
annoy or disturb the harmony of those assembled. In the evening
our village was illuminated. In Toronto the appearance must have
been gay for this part of the world, as every shop and building
would have its light.

July 2nd. The Victoria commenced he; tiips leaving Niagara
at 7, Toronto 11, and Hamilton 4 p.m. arrived here at 8 p.m. accomp-
lishing the 121 miles in ten and a half hours a rate of sailing not ex-
ceeded by any boat on the lake.

July llth. A small party of Dragoon Guards arrived here
staying until Lord Durham reaches Niagara.

July 18th " Yesterday Lord Durham and Sir John Colborne
reviewed the 43rd Regiment of Light Infantry whose movements
during the exhibition of a sham fight were highly creditable to the
corps. The precision of their movements and rapidity of their
charges both of cavalry and artillery gave one a tolerable idea of
what the sad reality would display if the parties had been engaged
with an enemy. The ground chosen was immediately in the vicinity
of the Falls, and though rough still was sufficiently clear and smooth
to afford an excellent position for review.

•Lord Durham arrived this morning on his way back to Toronto,
while the boat remained at the wharf he received the addresses pre-
sented by the inhabitants of Niagara and in return replied in a neat
speech. They cheered him as the, steamer glided out. At the Re-
view at the Falls Lord Durham and staff were in brilliant uniforms
and presented an interesting picture and the whole happy event went
off without an accident.

July 23rd. Prisoners are on the trial for treason taken in arms
who had been engaged in an attack upon a party of Lancers near
the Short Hills, one condemned to die.

July 30th. The leader of the gang Morreau displayed much
firmness only slightly agitated when he received his sentence.

July 30th. Morreau was executed this morning. Our worthy
sheriff, Mr. Hamilton had to do the deed. (He never got over it
and died 19th Feb., 1839. I Robert Gilkison witnessed the whole
''thing and was on the jury for conviction.) One more will be ex-
ecuted a man named Beainer, they a^e contemptible specimens those
engaged in this silly rebellion, they are without judgment, to invade
a colony like this with 28 men displays madness in its most glaring
colors.

July 30th. Lord Durham arrived by steamer, merely touched,
then went on to Queeaston. He and Lady Durham went on to
the Falls. Sir George Arthur and Sir John Colborne arrived mid-
day, they too went on to the Falls*

Sunday. Aug. 4th, Saturday the judge condemned to death
sixteen prisoners guilty of high treason, fourteen of those culprits
will be transported, the other two hanged, next week will decide the
fate of the remaining members cf the whole gang.

Aug. 5tb. Four years in Canada which has now become my
home. But I shall visit Scotland once more, should the Great God
permit. Amen.

Sunday, Aug, 26th. Bishop Mountain of Quebec, read part of
the Communion Service in St. Mark's Church and also gave a ser-
mon, not particularly remarkable in its matter or highly interesting
in its delivery. 1 think after hearing the Bishop frequently one

would become reconciled to the peculiarity of his style of preaching.

Aug. 29th. Repaired H. H. Smith's Schooner Birmingham at

the cost of

Oct. 13th, Saturday night. The poor man's delight. Often
have I when toiling during the week hailed the approach with feel-
ings of sincere pleasure. A meeting of Directors took place at the
dock ofiice this afternoon, the result is Mr Lockhart is determined
to build, so that I shall have my hands full this winter, in spite of
all that is said, Mr. Bethune, another steamboat proprietor, is also
in treaty for another boat with the company. The Dock Co. will
still flourish. „

Oct. 21st. Mr, Cayley, our new President, instead of Capt.
Melville resigned, appears a man well versed in mercantile affairs,
shrewd in his observations and of most cheerful and gentlemanly
manners, The successor of Mr. Cox, Mr. Gorrie proves an indus-
trious book-keeper thoroughly acquainted with the proper system to
be adopted in the management of the concern. _

Sunday, Oct. 30th. Sitting up late invariably prevents me from
early rising the succeeding morning, such has been the effect of my
attendance at brother Archie's last evening when we enjoyed our-
selves merrily till midnight dancing to the grinding of a species of
hand organ resembling in sound the tone of one of those ancient
harpsichords now defunct, at any rate it was cheerful.

Nov. 26th. This forenoon I gave up housekeeping and now re-
side with brother Archie, wife and son, it will not be so lonely for
me the coming winter.

Dec. 16th, 1838, Frosty. Friday as ordered, a general fast
throughout U.C. was duly held, we had service in all places of wor-
ship, the churches were well filled.

The Dock Co. does the most of the repairing on ships of all the
lakes.

Jan. 1st, 1839. Danced the New Year in at a Subscription
Ball, everyone enjoyed themselves we had part of the 43rd Band
which togetner with fair sex and number of scarlet jackets on the
floor added much to the brilliancy of the ball.

Jan. 12th, 1839. I am emplaying men to make the gunboat for
the Government she will be more like a scow than a boat such are
my orders, she may answer for their intended purpose, it will cost
them three hundred pounds. Ten thousand militia are under arms
in Upper Canada together with nine regiments of Regular troops a
force sufficient to meet twice the number of invaders, the country will
suffer dreadfully in its commercial pursuits,

Jan. 19th. The gunboat is half planked, will he finished next
week, she will be a thorough Tub.

Feb. 22nd, 1839. Archie and I attended th<-. funeral of Sheriff
Alexander Hamilton, a large company of his friends were there, his
remains were interred in the family private burying ground.

Saturday 23rd. Attended the funeral of Mrs. Boulton, she was
only twenty-six years, a most amiable disposition much regretted by
her numerous friends.

Mar. 18th. The Steamer Trans-it has commenced her trips be-
tween Niagara and Toronto. The Steamer Traveller has come to
be overhauled.

April 7th, Sunday. Heard a very good sermon from Mr. Green
our worthy pastor. Our harbour this forenoon presents a gay aspect,
no less than three steamers are in port besides- half a dozen schoon-
ers, all of which are decorated with streamers and present a most
agreeable sight. The s-teamer Queen Victoria now employed by the
Government is manned with a large body of British Tars and looks-
well

April 22nd. Mr. Lockhart's new steamer Gore glided beauti-
fully into the water a large concourse of people attended the launch,
everybody appeared gratified with the sight. My men kept it up
by a dance this evening at which I was heartily pleased with their
enjoyment.

May 8th Was in Toronto to attend a survey of Mr. Lockhart's-
boat Victoria previous to his receiving her from the Government in
whose hands* she has been during six months, I found everything in
"'good order and afterwards bad the pleasure of being informed that
Mr. Lockhart had effected a sale of the steamer to Capt. Richardson
for ;£700Q currency, a good price which wiU amply repay the owner,
The Steamer Traveller has also been sold to the Government for
;£9000 an excellent sale for Mr. Hamilton she was my first steam-
boat in Canada one which haa been of infinite service to me as plac-
ing me at once in a respectable station in my profession.

May 12th, 1839. The plans I had formed for a trip to Glasgow
are again defeated. Mr. Lockhart has given another contract for »•
large Lake Steamer so my duty is to remain and build it, It will
_^be called the Niagara. It may be my last steamer.

(It proved to be so he went home in 1840 to Glasgow for a
visit, took ill and died with brain trouble after a long illness at Leith
April 8th, 1855, aged 45,)

The Niagara's dimensions are length 158ft., breadth 23 ft. 6 in,
depth 11 ft., tonnage 400, and horse power 95.

Aug. 25th. Received word iron* Capt. Harper, Royal Navy,

that the Government are determined to build a steamer for Lake
Erie and that I was to undertake her construction either at Chip-
pawa or Dunnville whichever I deemed the best place for it so it was
decided that Chippawa was the place most suited to build the Gun-
boat Draught

Aug. 5th, 1839. Attended the funeral of Capt. Melville's eldest
boy this forenoon. Old Bob Hamilton dined with me and greatly
added to my amusement by his description of scenes in the Southern
States where he had been for the last three years.

Sept. 15th. The first vessel that went through the Long Sault
Kapids was built at Kingston by a Mr. White, an American builder
for the Hon. John Hamilton, it was towed up to Niagara by the
Steamer Great Britain to have her engines put in, her length was
200 ft. and she went at the rate of fourteen miles an hour. This
steamer was destined for smooth water and to overcome those ter-
rific Rapids the Long Sault situated below Prescott, a triumph
which I sincerely hope she may accomplish as her proprietor the
Hon. John Hamilton, has displayed a highly interesting spirit in at-
tempting this difficult task which should the vessel overcome, the
inhabitants of Canada will ever be his debtors.

Extract from a letter of Mrs. Wm. Jarvis dated "Newark, Nov.
1792. The grand Master Wm. Jarvis was installed in great form,
a procession of all the fraternity with music playing etc. Rev. Mr.
Addison Grand Chaplain a young brother, made that morning read
prayers and preached a sermon after which there was a dinner,

Jan, 13th, 1793, Captain Brant dined with us, it is the first
time I ever spoke to him. I saw him at the Assembly before. Our
wintei has not yet begun, we went to the Lodge or Assembly on
the 13th in a slay when the snow had been for a week and the clay
Was m so soft a state as to receive the wheel of a chaise half wtiy to
the axle, The weather is so mild at this time that we might sit
Without a fire were it not for fear of taking cold. I have not cloth-
ed in any other way than I have been in London, Our printer has
got his press up and commenced printing but nothing public as yet,
a paper is expected to be printed weekly, most likely will begin the
18th Jan,

Extract from a letter from Jasper T, Gilkison, Feb, 9th, 1833 to
bis father, Capt. Wm. Gilkison. I was last night at a party given by
George Hamilton, we kept it up till 4 a.m. Mrs, Jarvis danced as
Well as any of us she is now 85 years of age and as active as ever."

ROBERT GOURLAV

BY JANET OTRNOCHAN.

To call Robert Gourlay (the Banished Briton) one of the most
remarkable men who has taken his part in weaving the web of our
Canadian history is no exaggerated statement. To mention bin
name to some is like shaking the proverbial red rag before their in-
dignant glance while to others his name is that of one who fought
for nearly all the political freedom we now enjoy. His real history
is very little known and it will be a surprise to many to know th~ t
he was a philanthropist, well educated, well born, at one time weal-
thy, of strict integrity and it was said of him by one well fitted to
know that he was better informed in regard to the poor laws of
Great Bjitain than any other mm in the kingdom. He was recog-
nized as an authority in all matters relating to parish rates, tithes,
pauperism generally and he was consulted by members of Parliament,
political economists and even by members of the Cabinet as to tl e
best means of improving the poor laws. And yet with all this it was
his fate to languish in prison both in Canada and England; by his
misfortunes his mind became unbalanced and he by his own will
condemned himself to break stones on the road in England thinking
thus by manual labor in the open air to restore the balance of reason.
Quarelling with the chief dignitary in his parish in Scotland, then
in England by a long course of litigation with the Duke of Somerset
he was ruined financially he turned to Canada in the hope of working
out a scheme of emigration to relieve the poverty in the old land,
aod calling attention to evils which existed in Canada he was unjust-
ly banished from the country. In England in his efforts to improve
the poor laws and present petitions to Parliament he foolishly at-
tacked Lord Brougham and was confined for some years as mentally
unbalanced. Returning to America in the culmination of the tur-
moil of 1837-8 although he was truly loyal to king and country
he was looked on by many as disloyal. Many of the following years
of his life were spent in unwearied efforts to have the sentence pro-
nounced against him declared unjust.

-5M

HELEN GOURLAY, DAUGHTER 07 ROBERT GOURLAY.
TAKEN IN 1873.

NIAGARA COURT HOUSE AND JAIL
BUILT IN 1817.

Notwithstanding all the difficulties and dangers through which
he had struggled he lived to the age of 85, dying in Edinburgh in
1863.

Born in Fifesbire, Scotland, in 1778, his father was, like the
father of Sir Walter Scott, a writer to the Signet in Edinburg and
possessed estate^ to the value of ^120,000, but by the fall in values
after the battle of Waterloo and by unwise investments lost nearly
everything just at the time his son was also iu difficulties. Our
Canadian writer Dent says "Robert Gourlay a man of good abilities
and upright intentions who sp.int the greater part of a long life in
endeavoring to benefit his fellow creatures and yet owing to the
peculiar idiosyncrasies of his character was foredoomed to dissap-
pointment and misfortune. His father had said of him when a
schoolboy "Robero will hurt himself but will do good to others."
Always battling for the right he seemed to others to put himself in
the wrong." A description of him by Mr. Alexander Henderson
runs thus, "He holds a ready pen, writes in a style of considerable
force and pungency, possesses a mind of energy and execution and a
body capable to endure much fatigue. Although bold and decisive in
his political opinions he acts from real principle. In conversation
he possesses a frank and honest zeal with pleasing off-hand manners."

Robert Gourlay is interesting to us as here the remarkable trial
took place described by Dent, resembling in its style Macanlay's cele-
brated description of the trial of Warren Hastings. In the old jail
and court house built in 1817 now occupied as a home for waifs and
strays of the mother land Gourlay was confined eight months. The
scene is described vividly, the court room, the judge, the lawyers the
witnesses, the jury, the prisoner with his almost maniacal laugh
when called on for his defence after eight month confinement in a
close cell the latter part in the heated atmosphere of July and August.
Dent's description begins thus:

"In the afternoon of a warm and sultry day towards the close of
one of the warmest and most sultry summers which Upper Canada
has ever known an extraorainary trial took place at the court ho::.se
in the old town of Niagara. To speak with absolute precision the
date w-.-s Friday, 20th August, 1819. The court room which was
the largest in the Province was packed to the doors and though
every window was thrown open for ventilation the atmosphere was
Jmost stifling." The whole description is worth reading and may
be found in the opening chapter of Dent's story of the Upper Can-
adian Rebellion.

But now we must go back for a few moments to soe what course
>f events had brought Robert Gourlay to such a pass. Educated at
the High School, Edinburgh, the University of St. Andrew's and

Edinburgh University, the companion of Dr. Chalmers, in 1799 at
21 he became a captain in the Fifeshire Volunteers, afterwards a
volunteer in 1803 iti the Yeomanry Cavalry. Kind and generous to
the poor he made himseif familiar with their needs and his great
knowledge on the subject caused his appointment by the English
government in 1801 to conduct an inquiry into the state of the poor
in England. He travelled principally on foot through the chief agri-
cultural districts of England and Scotland and recommended a sys-
tem of emigration as a remedy for much of the distress.

In 1807 he married and settled on one of his father's estates.
There he became involved in a quarrel with the Earl of Kellie, the
cause a trifle but Gourlay was always ready to oppose what he
thought wrong and never scrupled to throw himself into "the immin-
ent and deadly breach/' Next we find him in England in 1809 in
Wiltshire as a tenant of the Duke of Somerset. Here he set an
example in model farming, gaining premiums for the best ploughing
and the best crops, but in a pecuniary sense the firm for which the
rent was ^"600 was not profitable as he had expended several thous-
and pounds in improvements and farm stock. He had been asked
hy the Duke for the benefit of his knowledgt? and experience as re-
gards farming but when he began to agitate for a reform of the
poor laws (and they were bad enough) and to write violent letters to
tne papers, petitioning Parliament against abuses of power, the Duke
began to regret that he had given a twenty-one year's lease to
Gourlay and a pretext was found of a technical nature and ruinous-
litigation ensued. A decree was at length pronounced in his favor
but he was a ruined man and his father's affairs being much involved
at this time no help could thus be obtained. Having some property
in Canada in his own right in the county of Oxford and also land in
right of his wife he resolved to visit Canada with the idea of settling;
there and he arrived there in June, 1817. He determined to engage
iri business as aland agent and to set on foot a scheme of emigration
from Great Britain to Canada and travelled through the country to
obtain information for a statistical account of the country which was
afterwards published. This was just at the period when the evils of
the- Family Compact were being felt, and Robert Gourlay had no
hesitation in exposing those evils. At this date when it is acknow-
ledged that Canada has the best system of government known, that
we have more freedom than in Britain, and of our neighb jrs across
the line those at least who have investigated the matter acknowledge
that in many respects our laws are better than theirs and still give
us more freedom, in this age we have no idea, can hardly believe
that such evils existed. In the first place there was no responsible
government, in England such had Jong existed but here the members

of the Cabinet need not be members of Parliament and thus repre-
sentatives of the people by their vote. Appointed by the Gover-
nor at his will they might be officials already with salaries, relatives
or even young men just out from England knowing nothing of Can-
ada. Tiie Parliament had no power over the Executive, as during
eight years 323 bills passed by the Assembly had been rejected by
the Council

2nd Land Granting. Large areas were given to favorites. These
were subject to no taxes and not improved, no roads were made and
thus the progress of the country impeded. Even the U. E. Loyalists
who had had grants given them for their loyalty and to compensate
for their losses often suffered from being placed in these neglected
spots and often sold their land for a trifle.

3rd. War veterans often did not obtain their war losses for
weary years,the widow and the children of those who had given their
lives for their country were thus destitute.

4th. The Clergy Reserve Trouble. Huge tracts between set-
tlers were left uncultivated and the roads unimproved and thus set-
tlement of the country obstructed besides the grievance of the words
Protestant Clergy being interpreted to mean Chur ch of England.

5th. Besides all this the favoritism shown to those in power
and the injustice to others, all this caused a feeling of discontent and
much retarded the progress of the coantry.

To obtain information for the proposed book for emigrants
Gourlay sent out a series of questions thirty-one in number to the
principal inhabitants of each township. Looking over these ques-
tions now we may well be amazed that such information should be
regarded as objectionable or criminal. The questions relate to the
number of people, the number of churches, schools, stores, mills, the
soil, timber, minerals, wages, cost of clearing land, crops, state of
roads, wild lands, etc., etc. These questions were all important for
those emigrating and had no bearing on politics. But it was thh
last, the thirty-first which was the stinger found objectionable to the
ruling powers, "What in your opinion retards the improvement of
your township in particular or the Province in general and what
would most contribute to the same? Will it be believed that such
efforts were put forth by the rulers that in the counties of York and
Sirnooe containing large tracts of waste land noc a single answer w?S
received and in other places the 31st question was left unanswered.
Wh^n answered the almost unvariable reply was the immense tracts
of land held by non-residents as the Crown and Clergy Reserves
The reply from Kingston was. "The same cause which has sui -
rounded Little York with a desert creates gloom and desolation
about Kingston, the seizure and monopoly of the land by people in

office and favor."

So far Mr. Gourlay was in the right but now his to him unfor-
tunate facility of expression in attacking abuses gave a handle to his
enemies. He wrote violent letters to the papers abusing Dr.
Strachan and others in power and thus injured his cause. In a docu-
ment published by him a petition to the Prince Regent which was
a true picture of the land question, a passage was fastened on by the
Executive as libellous and a criminal prosecution was set on foot
against the writer. He was arrested and thrown into jail at Kings-
tori in August, 1818, but was acquitted. A few days after he was
again arrested and tried at Brockville for another alleged libel in
the petition but was again acquitted. It was now resolved to
drive him out of the country and to do so to fall back on an Act
passed in 1804, the Alien Act aimed at seditious or disloyal persons
who had not lived six months in the country and wtio were not
British subjects or had not taken the oath of allegiance. Not one of
these applied to Gourlay who was a loyal British subject and had
lived in Canada a year and a half. A charge was made and he was
arrested by the sheriff of the Niagara District and brought before
the Hon. Wm. Dickson and the Hon Wm. Glaus an oath having been
t-tken by Isaac Swayzie that he "verily believed that Robert Gourlay
was an evil minded and seditious person and that he had not been
an inhabitant of the province for six months." He was ordered to

eave the country in ten days. This he did not do and on the 4th
January, 1819 was arrested and lodged in jail where he languished
till the 20th August, almost eight months. Although he procured a
writ of Habeas Corpus to appear before Chief Justice Powell at
York and had the evidence of Hon. K. Hamilton and Geo. Hamilton
that the charges were false he was remanded to prison although the
highest legal authorities pronounced his imprisonment illegal and in-
deed the Alien Act to be unconstitutional, he remained in close con-
ment in a close cell only allowed to speak to friends through a
hole in the door in the presence of the jailer. While in prison he
wrote a letter which appeared in the Niagara Spe:tator. The editor
Bartemus Ferguson was absent and knew nothing of its contents bufc
for this he was arrested, confined in Niagara jail for sedition his
s -uted' e being to pay a fine of £50, be imprisoned for eighteen
months, star d in the public pillory for one hour, find security for
;£1000 and remain in jail till fine be paid an I security given. Such
were the glories of the free press of ninety years ago, such were the
good old (jays that we sometimes hear spoken cf.

But to return to Gourlay. He himself gives an account of his

sufferings and on the day of trial his appearance was pitiable. He
had prepared a defence in writing but when called on his memory

deserted him and he found no words come to his aid, holding the
document in his hand he burst into a maniacal laugh which must have
brought strange feelings to those assembled especially to his prose-
cutors. He was condemned to leave the country within twenty-four^-
hours on pain of death as a felon. The Hamilton family to their
honor it is told gave him shelter thab night the 20th of August, 1819,
and the next day he crossed the river and thence proceeded to Eng-
land where he found bis affai.s in confusion, his wife dispossessed of
the farm, the new tenant having obtained all the improvements for a
trifling sum while his father from bad investments and the deprecia-
tion of the value of property after the battle of Waterloo was unable
to assist him. From the wreck of his property he gathered sufficient"""'
to enable him to prepare the material he had amassed for publication
enough for three volumes which he took1 to London where they were
published in three large octavo volumes in 1822 called the Statistical
Account of Upper Canada. Like much of his writing although con-
taining valuable information it is loose, rambling and diffuse in style
sometimes almost incoherent and irrelevant. His restless nature
again caused trouble he seemed to have a mania for presenting peti-
tions and Lord Brougham at first promised him assistance hut becom-
ing wearied with his pertinacity took no further notice of him when
Oourlay no doubt in a fit of mental abberration actually attacked with
a whip that ncbleman. For this he was confined two years by
medical authority. Although quite restored he refused to give bail
and occupied his time in reading the papers, studying, corresponding
with his family ana kept himself well acquainted vvith affairs in
Canada. For some years we know little of his occupation. In
1826 and 1828 he published articles the latter year relating to Emi-
gration So ieties in Scotland. In 1834 be carue over to the States
and in 1837 during the Rebellion gave information to Sir Francis
Bond Head relating to gatherings in Cleveland to invade Canada
for which he received the thanks of the Governor, all this showing
his loyalty. In 1838 he returned to Canada and for years wrote
letters to governor after governor, parliament after parliament, the
Duke of Wellington, the King, the Queen all complaining of his
wrongs. He returned to Scotland livmg on what was saved from
the wreck of his father's property but in 1837 again came to Canada
for a short time and finally died in Edinburgh in 1863 at the age
of 85.

So far I have been able to gather from sources open to all but
just lately a very rare book has been loaned to me for a short time
<i thin yellow pasteboard covered book of 112 pages but much of it
in very fine print sc that its exiuiin ition too'c mujh titad. The
cover reads thusc

THE BANISHED BRITON AND NEPTUNIAN

A record of the lif^, writings, principles a id projects of Robert
Gourlay Esq., now Eobert Fleming Gourlay.

(The coat of arms has the motto Profundus ceruit.)

Boston, Printed by Samuel A. Dickenson. 1843.

.(In very fine print the verses which no doubt expressed the
feelings of this man of many tribulatiens who had labored so long
for the benefit of his fellow men and yet had succeeded so baHly)
the quotation is from the book of Job, 29th and 30th chapters.
"Oh that I were as in months past as in the days wh.^n God preserv-
ed me when his candle shined upon my head and when by his light
I walked through darkness — as I was in the davs of my youth when
the secret of God was upon my tabernacle — when the Almighty was
yet with me — when my children were about me — But now they that/
are younger than I have me in derision whose fatners I would have
disdained to have sit with the dogs of my flock . "

This copy which lies before me — I know not where is to be
found another has inscribed on its first page "To David Thorburn, •
M.P.P., with Mr. Gourlay's respects." There are twelve numbers of
the Neptunian filled with letters, petitions innumerable. He seems
to have had a cacoethis scribendi as a friend of mine called this
itch for writing, there are letters to all sorts and conditions of
people 13 to Sir Francis Bond Head whom we may well call a
feather head, 10 to the Duke of Wellington, 7 to Sir R. Jack-
son 4 to Lord Durham 4 addresses to Parliament, 2 to Lord Syden-
ham, 2 to Sir George Murray, 1 to Sir George Arthur, 1 to King
William 4th, 1 to Queen Victoria, 1 to Wm. Lyon McKenzie, Hon.
Jno. Nelson, Sir Jno. .Campbell. No. 1 commences with an address to
the Hon. House of Representatives of Massachusetts in 1843 giving
an account of his life and difficulties, tells of his efforts to relieve
the poor and of his scheme of emigration and now the l^te treaty
with Great Britain has renewed hope and he ventures to lay his pro^
jects before the people of the U. States. Then follow testimonials
which he had gathered in 1831 on applying for the Chair^of Agricul-
ture in Edinburgh University, 16 from farmers in Wiltshire, 10 from
University Professors, 7 fiom clergymen of the church of Scotland,
others from business men, farm servants, practical farmers, all'beaiing
witness in his favor to his wonderful knowledge of agriculture, poli-
cal economy, emigration, poor laws and speak of his powers of elocu-
tion, his patriotism, ability, good humor, equaminity, unimpeachable
integrity and, that he has the sentiments and manners of a gentle-
man. One letter is signed Thomas Chalmers afterwards the cele-
brated Dr. Chalmers. The letters written by him are dated from

jnany places, Boston, Cle\ eland, Queenston, St. Catharines, Niagara.
Tbe second number of the Neptunian begins with an address to thft
people of the United States which showed his courage as he ventured
to reproach them with establishing slavery in Texas and for attacking
Canada in 1812. The subject of most of his letters and addresses is
lo have the unjust sentence pronounced on him reversed. When he
was pardoned and allowed to return to Canada and a pension of fifty
pounds granted him he refused to accept this and said "I do not
want mercy but justice I do not want merely to have the sentence
reversed but to have it declared that it was unjust from the begin-
ning that I may not go down to the grave with this stain resting on
my children." In one of his letters he shows that he was in advance
of his time a& he wishes the king to visit Canada, not that Canada
be independent but each province to legislate for itself that all the
provinces be invited each to govern its local affairs but a general
government presided over by a viceroy each province to send a.
representative to the British Parliament. As an example |of his dif-
fuse ornate style take bis letter to King William 4th. "From the
land into which I was banished I now protest against the monstrous
cruelty and injustice, from this foreign land, I appeal the last time,
and still dutiful arid submissive, respectfully put these questions.
Shall I an eleve of the oldest and least tainted fam«ly of Fifeshire
whosa father was for many years a magistrate of that country and
where I myself received from your Majesty's Royal Father thirty-five
years ago a captain's commission. I who till this hour can challenge
the world to accuse me of a single mean, cowardly or dishonorable
act I who am father of a family in Scotland, shall I be robbed,
degraded and expatriated by villainy. In fine shall justice be de-
nied to a British subject and the most sacred constitutional right;
violated in his person by men clothed in the livery of power and as-
suming the sanction of royalty, rather than that Sire I shall as did
one of my name perish for my principles at the stake. Meantime
trusting that your Majesty will speedily cause inquiry into my case
and most heartily wishing well to my native country I ain your
Majesty's loyal subject Robert F. Gourlay.

In 1837 a letter to the Queen begins: — Most Gracious Sovereign
— Far from home and in a foreign land your Majesty's speech to
Parliament has warmed my heart, strengthened my patriotism and
revived expiring hope. Through life I have been loyal but now my
loyalty is more fervent seeing the British Crown sustained by the.
veriest purity."

Next come his letters to F. B. Head conveying information as
to parties arming in the States for which he received letters of
thanks from the Governor. One letter to Sir Francis is diffuse say-

ing that for thirty-seven years he has been devoted to the causs of
the poor. He has read of the Rebellion with sorrow and shame for
all this might have been avoided had the Government been more re-
gardful for the good of the country. A letter purporting to come
from Wm. Lyon McKenzie but which was found to be fraudulent
was replied to curtly in the third person singular and a letter after-
wards condemns the appeal to arms in no uncertain terms. "During
four yeers residence in the United States I have witnessed far worse
than European domination, that of the worst passions, mobs, murder,
sacrilege, I have seen Texas couquered only to the domain of slavery.
And you holding out a bait of three hundred acres of land to Re-
publicans who would grant no asylum to slaves in Canada. You
call yourself a patriot and fly from home to enlist scoundrels for the
conquest of your country"

Having vainly tried to gain interviews witti officials he comes
all the way from Ohio to have a personal interview with Lord Dur-
ham at vhe Falls but again fails. In a letter from St. Catharines he
claims that he had though aged, feeble and lame, done more for the
province in giving warning of invasion than hundreds of your armed
men. Letters to Lord Sydenham followed. Meanwhile an appeal to
Parliament for inquiry into his wrongs he had the satisfaction of
knowing that his t/anishment in 1819 was declared illegal, unconsti-
tutional and without excuse or palliation. This was confirmed by
the signature of Lord Sydenham who died the next day . His
m emorial to the commons of U.C. dated at St. Davids in 1839 is
witnessed by David Secord and a committee was appointed the nam-
es of Thorburn, McMicking anh Woodruff appear. When at Niag-
ara he heard that ha was to be allowed to reside in Canada he at
once took the steamer for Toronto, his friends jubilant that they had
< urried the day after a seven hours struggle and he was to be pardon-
ed. Imagine their dismay when Gourlay instead of being grateful
cold them that they had wronged him and insisted that he be heard on
the floor of the house but this was not granted. At Kingston it was
recommended that some allowance be made him to pay his personal
expenses in attending the Legislature so many times but again delays
dogged his steps as nothing could be none till the arrival of the new
governor Waiting in Quebec in December we can understand his
Iling at Canada. "Late as it now is I would make an effort to es :ape
to a warmer climate for the winter from this pla^e which yields me
neither sufficient warmth, employment, society or sympathy." No. 7
of the Neptunian is taken up with a minute account of whs.t we must
confess is a most preposterous aifair in Niagara in which we find
many familiar nam^s. A public meeting was announced in ter^.
which were considered by some as highly objectionable, placards

the Harrington Hotel, British Hotel and Jas. Miller's
Hotel. At one of these it was said the placard wa^ destroyed, when
Gourlay actually promptly brought an action before Mr. Clement,
J. P., for the recovery of its price 10s 6d. Judgment was given in
bis favor when lo the placard was produced not having been destroy-
ed and so he says "ended this foolish vexatious business." An
amusing part of the story is that the lawyer who had objected to the
phrase on the placard of his villainous treatment 28 years ago as re-
ferring to Canada v\as told by him. "Vou may be a good lawyer but
you are a poor arithmetician and not able to subtract as it is only
19 years since I was in Canada and this refers to the lawyers in
England."

A pension of ^50 a year being conferred on him this he indig-
nantly refused as the satisfaction demanded had never been given.

In No. 9 he writes from the Transit at Queenston giving some
circumstances relating so the war of 1812 which provoked a reply
from Col. Jas FitzGibbon. He tells of visiting the field of the
Battle of Beaver Dams and obtaining information from Mr. Geo.
Keefer, the Rev. Mr. Fuller, Mr. Ball and Mr. J. Upper. While-
attempting to hold a public meeting at Beamsville he was attacked
by Andrew Muir and the familiar names occur of Nelles, Mittle-
berger etc.

A very strange statement occurs as to his sleeplessness and a
letter is written to the Boston Medical journal, 1843 He says
during three periods I have been bereft of sleep, first in 1833 for six
weeks, again in 1837 for five months and now during the last four
years and five months, he tells that he was healthy, sometimes walking
thirty or forty miles a day but that from his imprisonment in 1819
he h-d been debilitated and only recovered by a resolution to go
to hard labor "which I did for three months breaking stones on the
roads in Wiltshire and living on the earnings of sixpence a day from
Sept. 9th to Dec 22nd, 1822." He relJs that the evils frcm his im-
prisonment in England he overcame by a vegetable diet, tells of con-
sulting Drs. Widmer and Dr. Robinson in Toronto and Montreal,
the latter had a patient, Mr. Jamison, who had not slept for five
months. "My sleeplessness has been a matter of jest. I have tried
many remedies but none availed but I say — Let me rest from perse-
cution unrelenting for 35 years, give me my rights, my deeds to
land in Canada, restore my properly in Britain taken iniquitously,
let me rejoin my children in a happy home."

Showing the eager, earnest, restless nature the picture is given
of the plan he drew for a pagoda and flower garden in Boston Com-
mon which is dedicated to the citizens, and his article on the science
of city building telling of his drawing plans in London, Edinburgh,

New York, Cleveland, Kingston, Washington but naively confesses
thas "hitli.-rfca all my prospects have been marked by untoward cir-
cumstano-s an 1 endless persecution ." As showing tiiat he was in
advance or his tim^ in the piper HQ drew out ie 1824 for Lord
Brougham to present to the British Parliiin-'iiL relating to Canada he
proposed that ten men of business and talent be sent to British North
America, two to Newfoundland, two to Nova Sc-otia, two to New
Brunswick, two to Lo.ver Canada, two to Upper Canada, having spent
a month in each provLiee to meet at Quebec for consultation, that the
provinces be united but each to govern its own local affairs that
Legislators be chosen by the people, that one Legislative Councillor
shall have liberty to come home co England to sit in the Imperial
Parliament to sp-ak. That the in rid reserved for Protestant Clergy
be put under m v.iagamerjfc for judicious s.ile. That two able engin-
eers be sent oat to survev the river SG Liwrence to improve naviga-
tion. That no duties be impossjd on goods passing between British
America and the United States. That steps be taken so that the
British Army be supplanted in British America by natives and noi
chargeable to the Hoiaj Governai3nt. That at the end of fifteen
years a convention '^ held to arn^ni the constitution in necessary.
This is pretty well for Gourlay in 1822, as these measures were ob-
tained after miny years and through much discussion aciinionious de-
bite an i strong oppasicion, the Rejepro^itv treaty and Secularization
of the Clergy Reserves in 1834. Confederation in 1887 others nob till
1902 ami 1907, the cinal system is riot yet all that it should be,
Reciprocity it is true only lasted thirteen years and if the last of his
proposed measures has no~> been carried we know tliatat. least four
Canadians sit in the British Parliament.

What- shall we say of this life which began with such promise
who are we to pronounce judgment, or apportion praise or blame?
Some have called him an egofeisn, an agitator, who have defended him
from the charge of being a seditious person. An eag^r restless ar-
dent mind was his, ever revolving some change to benefit mankind.
"To breast the blow of circumstance
And grapple with his evil star."

The phrase-mikerhas said that though he was always in the right he
put himself in trie wrong, but we must remember that the wrong of
that day \vould, not be looked on as the wrong of to-day, the wrong of
writing strong incisive letters against injustice arid abuse of power
this would be thought far from -.yroa^ now when the utmost license
is given to the press. He was certainly a man born in advance of
his time. We oannot but feel sympathy for this restless uneasy spirit,
nor can we wonder thab the sens? of the wrongs he had suffered
embittered his mind and he ever labored under a keen sense of the

wrongs of others as well. It was only by breaking all Parliamentary
laws that Plimsoll obtained a measure for the safety of sailors often at
the mercy of avaricious and uncaring shipowners. What reforms
have ever been obtained without agitation, without suffering to the
movers, nay even obloquy and abuse. Through \vhat struggles
came th°s freedom of the Netherlands from the cruel hands of Spain,
the Abolition of Slavery, the Reform Bill, Emancipation Bill.
Through; what seas of blood was gained the freedom of the slave in
.America. To him

"Life was not as idle ore
But irDii dug from centrel glcom
And heated hot with burning fears
And dipped in baths of hissing tears
And battered with the shocks of doom
To ishape and use,"

5>ucft Bmor patrfae."

fliagara historical Soccity

No. 19

Inscriptions ana

1fn tbe

niagara Peninsula

i '

>,.f

SECOND EDITION
With Additions and Corrections.

By JANET CARNOCHAN.

PRICE - 40 Cents.

THE TRIBUNE, WELLAND,
1910.

IN studying the history of Niagara and vicinity
the graveyards have been found a fruitful

source of information, and over fifty of these
have been personally visited. The original plan
was to copy records of early settlers, United Em-
pire I/oyalists, Military or Naval Heroes, or those
who have helped forward the progress of the country,
as Clergy, Teachers, Legislators, Agriculturists, etc.,
besides this any odd or quaint inscriptions. No doubt
many interesting and important inscriptions have been
omitted, but the limits of our usual publication have
already been far exceeded and these remain for another
hand to gather. To follow the original lettering was
desired, but the additional cost would have been be-
yond our modest means.

Hearty thanks are here returned for help given by
Col. Cruikshank, Rev. Canon Bull, Dr. McCollum, Mr.
George Shaw, Rev. A. Sherk, Miss Forbes, Miss Shaw
and Miss Brown, who all sent inscriptions from their
own vicinity. It is hoped that the index of nearly six
hundred names will be found of use and that our tenth
publication will receive as kind a welcome as have the
other pamphlets sent out by our Society.

PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION.

As the first edition was completely exhausted loru,"
since, and many requests have been made for copies,
with which it was impossible to comply, this second
edition is sent out, containing much additional mate-
rial. Over a dozen graveyards have been visited lately
and inscriptions copied. A complete index is given, the
page of contents is also made alphabetical, and a few
corrections have been made. Thanks are extended to H.
H. Robertson, Hamilton, for assistance in exploring;
the Hess and Barton graveyards.

J. C.

Niagara, May, 1910.

CONTENTS.

Allanburg 67

Ancaster Anglican 89

Ancaster Presbyterian 92

Ball Family Graveyard 9

Barton m

Beamsville 80

Beaver Dams Monument 115

Bellenger Family Graveyard H

Benner" Family Graveyard 77

Bertie, St. Johns 74

Brock's Monument 41

Brown Plot, Welland 68

Brown Family Plot 10

Bnrkholder 78

Butler Family Graveyard 6

Burger's, Welland 68

Chippawa Trinity Church 62

Chippawa Presbyterian 64

Clement Family Plot 93

Dundas 104

Fort Brie 112

Fort Erie, McAfee 73

Fort Erie, Graham 73

Fort Erie, Hershey 74

Fort Erie, St. Paul's 72

Fort Erie, Plato 74

Fort Erie Monument 112

Fonthill, Quaker 69

Fonthill Cemetery 70

Field, Brown, Vrooman 10

Fort Niagara 35

Gonder Family Plot , 94

Grimsby, Anglican 85

Grimsby, Presbyterian 89

Hamilton Cemetery 79

Hamilton George, Plot Ill

Hess Family Plot 110

Homer 46

Jordan Disciples 77, 102

Jordan Station 99

Jordan Mennonite 117

Lewiston 37

Lundy's Lane 56

Mennonite, Clinton 77

Mennonite Graveyard 116

Niagara, St. Mark's 12

Niagara, St. Andrew's 29

Niagara, St. Vincent de Paul 33

Niagara Baptist (colore.d) 34

Niagara Methodist 35

Niagara Historical Markers 115

Port Maitland 77

Port Dalhousie Anglican 94

Port Dalhousie Presbyterian 95

Queenston, Hamilton Family Graveyard 38

Queenston, Brock's Monument 41

Queenston, Brock Memorial Church 102

Ridgeway 77, 117

St. Anns 106

St. Catharines Cemetery 49

St. Catharines, St. George 47

St. Catharines Monument 114

Servos Family Burying Ground 8

St. Davids 43

Stamford, Presbyterian 51

Stamford, St. John's 54

Stamford, School Section 5 103

Smithville, Methodist 109

Smithville, Presbyterian 110

Stoney Creek 83

Turney Burial Plot 51

Virgil, Methodist 93

Virgil, Baptist 99

Vineland, Mennonite 100

Warner's Burying Plot 45

Welland, Burger's 68

Welland, Brown 68

GRAVES AND INSCRIPTIONS IN THE
NIAGARA PENINSULA.

By JANET CARNOCHAN.

"Books in the running brooks.

Sermons in stones and good in everything.'"

Sermons in stones ! Yes and far more : History,
pathos and humor, morality, religion, patriotism, war-
ning, inspiration, what shall we not find ? But of the
nameless graves, whether in consecrated ground, or in
the plain, the cultivated farm once the scene of bloody
warfare, in the ruined fort, or in many a lonely spot we
can never or rarely know the story. Many of these form
a page of history never to be wholly deciphered, but
let us try while we may, imperfectly though it be, to
place on record, from moss grown stone defaced by time
or perchance ruder touch, the names and what we can
piece together of the early pioneers, whether men or wo-
men, poet or artisan, soldier or priest, legislator or far-
mer, teacher or sailor, and from these pages of the past
we may learn lessons for the present or the future, les-
sons of courage, of unselfishness, of generosity, of friend-
ship, of patriotism, of duty, of religion. Then they
died, shot down by stealthy Indian, or French or Amer-
ican foe, as now they give up their young lives on
Africa's arid veldt, but each inspired by the same ad-
venturous spirit which has made the Briton, be he Celt
or Saxon, the pioneer in the world's progress, one of
the factors in that "morning drum beat which encircles
the globe" and proud that he is one of a nation "on
whose dominions the sun never sets."

While most of the graveyards in the Niagara penin-
sula have been visited and such help used as could be
obtained from tablets on the walls of churches, monu-
ments, church registers, tradition, historical records, it
has been found that there has been as much change in
the fashion as there is in dress or buildings. At one
time the stately periods, or long high sounding phrase,

the scripture texts or doggerel rhyme, the severe sim-
plicity of name, date, age, or the fulsome flattery, or
words of warning ; in some the unlettered muse is much
in evidence, "the uncouth rhymes and shapeless sculp-
ture," or again the stately column or curiously carved
figures. All materials have been used, the wooden
slab, marble, iron, granite, or perhaps a huge boulder
with initials, the language mostly English, but a few
were found in French, German, and some in stately
Latin. In early days before consecrated ground was set
apart many were buried on the farm, in a plot generally
fenced in, but in many cases the property has changed
hands and the stones have been broken or even carted
off, the field plowed over and no trace remains, or the
plot stands still fenced in, but given over to burdocks
and briars.

BUTLER'S FAMILY GRAVEYARD

Is situated about a mile from the town, at the
west end, originally a part of the land owned by Col.
Jno. Butler : here was buried in 1796 the veteran on
whose name so much obloquy has been heaped, undeserv-
edly, we think. See Butler's Rangers by Col. Cruik-
shank, who has done so much for the elucidation of
many points in Canadian history. An erroneous opinion
seems to prevail with regard to this spot — that here are
buried Butler's Rangers, that it is a military grave-
yard, but this is not the case, as it was a family bury-
ing ground and not that of the members of that famed
regiment. The will of Col. Butler directs that his body
be interred in his family burying ground, and in the
rooms of the Niagara Historical Society is a copy of
the deed granted in 1832 to Warren Claus, John Claus,
Ralph Clench, Jas. Muirhead, Thomas Butler, Hugh
Freel, giving the exact measurement from the boundary
tree, of the half acre constituting the burial plot. The
farm of two hundred acres has since been sold to two
persons and the boundary line runs exactly through the
centre of the burial plot. Beautiful old trees wave a
requiem over the plateau which overlooks the mean-
dering creek. Some years ago most of the inscriptions
were copied by the writer ; at a later visit the stones
were found lying in all directions, broken by the fall of

an immense tree which had been cut down, the vault
fallen in and open to the inquisitive and irreverent
gamin, who has been known to carry off bones which
should have been safe from such desecration.

Here are some of the inscriptions, the first pecu-
liar in punctuation and orthography :

"Deborah Freel : died 1816 aged 70. My dere :
children : Think on God : And His Commandments : An
he wil Think on yo : Observ your youth : dont lose no
time. Least God should take you in your prime : Serve
God above : And on this world : fix not your lov."

Here is an example of the high sounding, carefully
arranged periods of those days. In a country church-
yard in Scotland I copied one to a divine in much the
same style of carefully proportioned descriptive phrases.

"Here reposes Maria Caroline The generous
hearted, high souled, talented and deeply lamented wife
of Major Richardson, Knight of the Military Order of
Saint Ferdinand, of the First-Class, and Superintendent
of Police on the Welland Canal during the administra-
tion of Lord Metcalfe. This matchless woman died of
Apoplexy and to the exceeding grief of her faithfully
attached husband after a few days illness in St. Catha-
rines on the 1 6th day of Aug. 1845 at the age of 37
years."

It is remarkable how much the husband tells of
himself in the wife's epitaph.

Here also are stones to Butler Muirhead, barris-
ter, and Jas. Muirhead, surgeon, (the former died in
1824). Mary, wife of John Gustavus Stevenson and
daughter of James and Jane Butler, also one to Eliza,
wife of Charles Richardson, a large flat stone mentions
that it was erected as a family monument by Chas.
Richardson, A. D. 1835, and reads thus : "Sacred to
the memory of Ralfe Clench, died Jan. 1828, aged 66
years, Eliza Euretta Richardson, youngest daughter of
Ralfe Clench and Elizabeth, and wife of Chas. Richard-
son, died Sept. 1833, aged 25 years, Jane, wife of
Robert Rist, late Capt. of 37th Regt., and eldest
sister of Chas. Richardson, died 1831."

The Major Richardson referred to was the author
of The Two Brothers, The Prophecy, Wacousta and His-
tory of the War of 1812. Ralfe Clench was one of the

Rangers, afterwards Judge, Member of Parliament, and
when advanced in life, fought at Queenston Heights. A
small enclosure has flat stones to two sons of Col. But-
ler, Thomas Butler and Johnson Butler, who died in
December, 1812, and their wives, also Judge Thos.
Butler, the son of Thos. Butler.

Another stone chronicles "Samuel Cox who was
born on the ocean between Germany and New York
1759, died 1822." Col. John Butler himself, that
doughty veteran, has no stone to mark the spot where
he is interred. Some years ago an attempt was made
to locate the grave and bury the remains in St.
Mark's, but the design was abandoned.

It is pleasant to record that the Park Commission-
ers, Niagara Falls, have lately placed a strong iron
fence around the half acre and it is hoped a cairn will
be placed with the names of those interred within.

SERVOS FAMILY BURIAL GROUND.

In the Servos burial place on the farm of Mrs.
Mary Servos there are five generations buried. Here
is the grave of the widow of Col. Johnson, who was
killed at the taking of Fort Niagara, ly.SQ.

"Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth Johnson, who
died 8th Nov., 1811, aged 104 years," She had thus
survived her husband 52 years ; another is to her daugh-
ter, Elizabeth Servos, wife of Daniel Servos, who died
in 1821, aged 72. Here also is buried Magdalene Ser-
vos, wife of John Whitmore, the little girl who wit-
nessed the killing of her grandfather in the Revolu-
tionary War and was brought away to Canada several
years after by her father, afterwards marrying John
Whitmore, himself at one time a prisoner with the
Indians, his nose and ears being slit by them ; their
daughter became the wife of our distinguished litter-
ateur, William Kirby, F. R. S. C.

"Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth, relict of
Colin McNabb, Esq., of - — , near Niagara, who

departed this life Sept. 26th, 1813, aged 44 years ; also
of their son, Colin Alexander, Lieut, in H. M. late
Nova Scotia Fencibles Regt., who departed this life
Nov. loth, 1820." In St. Mark's register is a pathetic
reference to the former, as recorded by Mr. Addison :

"On the day on which the engagement between Sir
Jas. Yeo and Commodore Chauncey took place on the
lake, our dear friend, Mrs. McNabb, was buried in the
Servos' burying ground, 29th Sept., 1813."

A large monument is to Col. J. D. Servos, who
died in 1847, aged 62, and another to Daniel Serv. s,
Esq., who died 26th March, 1803, aged 65. In the
Anglican Church at Virgil are two tablets on the
walls to these, thus :

"In Memorial Capt. Daniel Servos of Butler's
Rangers, United Empire Loyalist, who died March 26th,
1803, aged 65."

"Col. John D. Servos, born in Niagara, 1784, was
Captain of the Lincoln Militia during the war of 1812-
15. Commanded the Militia at Chippawa during the
Rebellion of 1837-8, died April 24th, 1847."

Other names found here are Tannahill, Fuller,
Lowe, and several Indians here found sepulture, and one
at least who could not have been a U. E. L-, as a flat
stone commemorates, Wm. Lowe, of the parish of Clog-
heen, County of Tipperary, Ireland, and his wife, who
died in 1813.

On the farm was one of the first mills in the coun-
try, and part of the house still standing was built in
1784. Old account books of that date show curious
items, and commissions signed by different Governors
assert the military spirit of the family. The last inter-
ment was that of Mrs. Mary Servos, daughter of John
C. Ball who fought at Queenston Heights.

BALL FAMILY BURIAL GROUND.

The Ball graveyard at Locust Grove has also seve-
ral generations buried in its enclosure. The Jacob
Ball who came with his three sons, bringing forty men,
in 1780, lies here. "In memory of Jacob Ball, born
1733, died 1810." Having fought in Queen's Rangers
and Butler's Rangers through the Revolutionary War,
he was spared the second contest, dying two years be-
fore the war of 1812. The sons, Peter, John and
George are buried here. The wife of Jacob Ball, the
elder, Mary Ball, died in 1814, aged 78, in the midst of
war's alarms and shortly after the family residence had
been burnt.

How strangely occur references to the distant pos-
sesions of this vast empire, as here in this quiet country
graveyard is buried a daughter of Major McKie, East
India Company's service.

Another U. E. L. name is found here : Elizabeth
Showers, wife of Peter Ball, born 1764, died 1844.

The last interred here was John W. Ball, 1813-
1890, for fifty years an office bearer in St. Mark's, the
son of George Ball, the fourth son, who came in 1784.

Peter Ball, 1755-1836 ; George Ball, 1765-1854 ;
John Ball died 1822, aged 62 years, also Catherine
Overholt, the wife of George Ball, who died in 1845,
aged 59. "Eliza Maria, wife of John W. Ball, and
daughter of Rev. Wm. Sampson of Grimsby, 1818-1856."
Margaret, second daughter of George Ball, 1808-1894.
It was to George Ball that the nephew of Sir Isaac
Brock gave the General's cocked hat, which came out
shortly after the death of that commander, and by their
descendants is entrusted to the Historical Society.

FIELD, BROWN, VROOMAN.

Near the residence of Mr. Geo. Field, which is an
historic house, having been used as a hospital in the
war of 1812, is a graveyard in which are interred mem-
bers of three families. The house near was built by
Gilbert Field, the first brick house on the river road
and before the beginning of the century. A tombstone
tells us that he died in 1815, aged 50, while his son,
Daniel Field, who fought at Detroit, Queenston and
Lundy's Lane, died in 1873, having received for his ser-
vices a medal gained by the instrumentality of Hon.
Wm. H. Merritt, as shown in a letter dated Quebec,
1852.

In another division of the plot is an inscription :
"Sacred to the memory of Solomon S. Vrooman,
born Dec. 5th, 1783, died Aug. 2ist, 1874," also to his
wife, Mary Brown. S. S. Vrooman fought at Queen-
ston Heights and his picture appears in a group of
eight veterans taken in 1869 in front of the monument,
their united ages being 609. The position of Vroo-
man' s battery is yet pointed out. A thick gray stone

double, with a perpendicular division, with angels'
faces carved above, has these words :

"In memory of Joseph Brown, died 1821, aged 65,
and his consort, Rebecca Johnson, 9th March, 1808."
"Remember men when thou pass by
As you are now so once was I,
As we are now so you must be,
Remember men that all must die."
Two others of the date 1808 also have angels'
faces.

"In memory of Nancy Vrooman, daughter of
Solomon and Mary Vrooman, died April, 1808, in the
1 6th year of her age. Erected March, 1824."

Also Phebe Brown, died 1808, showing the early
possession of the farm, still in the same name.

BELLINGER FAMILY BURYING GROUND.

An almost forgotten family burying plot on the
Cox farm, which, having passed through many hands
in the century, we may readily understand why the
stones are broken and almost illegible. This in old
times was the Bellinger farm, there have evidently been
nearly a score of graves : rough stones still stand, and
from the dry bed of the brook we gathered fragments
which we pieced together with some degree of success.
On a brownish grey stone, with the lettering still quite
plain on the one half yet standing, was a quotation
from the Apocrypha, the first found from its pages of all
so far examined, and in another respect this stone is
unique as fuller particulars are given than elsewhere
found ; while others give year, month and day of birth
and death these give the hour of both.

"In memory of Phillip Bellinger, who was born
2oth, 1725, between 4 and 5 o'clock in the mor-
ning, and died Feb. i6th, 1799, between 4 and 5 o'clock
in the morning."

"Here rests the body of Nanna Pawling, wife of

G. A. Pawling, who was born Aug. 1802, at o'clock

in the morning, and died June - — , at o'clock in

the morning. She being made perfect in a short time
fulfilled a long time, for her soul pleased the I/ord,
therefore He hasted to take her away from among the
wicked. — Eccles., chap. 4, verses 13 and 14."

I looked in vain in Ecclesiastes for this verse, then
in Ecclesiasticus, finally found it in the Wisdom of Solo-
mon, but with the word he instead of she. Since rinding
this inscription, placed here nearly a century ago, a
pathetic interest attaches to it, as we find that these
are the verses selected by the Princess Alice for her
father's tomb, Albert the Good, and they certainly
seemed appropriate in his case.

ST. MARK'S CEMETERY

Will require a more lengthened notice, for not
only are the inscriptions in the graveyard exception-
ally interesting, but the walls of the church both out-
side and in add their quota of history, romance or
poetry. Here rest peacefully together different nation-
alities and denominations, for,, as this was the first
burial place, it was used by all at least forty years
before other denominations provided a separate place,
and to this day many bring their dead from distant
homes to lie here beside kindred dust. The spot is an
ideal one. Dean Stanley said, "This is a piece of old
England, do not allow it to be touched." Graceful
elms and drooping weeping willows lend their beauty,
whose branches whisper a requiem to the quiet dead, the
remains of rifle pits constructed in the war of 1812 may
yet be seen, stones hacked by the soldiery when in the
hands of the enemy, all give a fitting setting to the old
gray church with its tower and buttresses. The parish
dates back to 1792, while the church was built in 1805.
The oldest stone may be found on the east corner in the
vestibule,, having been rescued from the place where it
was almost buried. The rude lettering shows an un-
skilled hand.

kenerd Blanck,

Deseaced

5 Aug.

1782.

Perhaps the next in date is the following, but
clear cut, as if done quite lately :

"Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth Kerr, wife of
Robert Kerr, who departed this life at Niagara, 24th
January, A.D. 1794. AEtat 32 years.

The husband, Dr. Kerr, died in Albany, in 1824,
and was interred there with Masonic honors, being
Grand Master. Mrs. Kerr was a daughter of Molly
Brant and Sir William Johnson.

A large flat stone, hacked and marred so as to be
almost indecipherable, having been used as a butcher's
block during the war while the tow^n was in the hands
of the Americans, has this inscription :

"To the memory of Charles Morrison, a native of
Scotland, who resided many years at Michilimackinac
as a merchant and magistrate, and since the cession of
that post to the United States, became a British sub-
ject by election — for loyalty to his Sovereign and integ-
rity in his dealings he was ever remarkable. He died
here on his way to Montreal on the 6th day of Sept.,
1802, aged 65 years."

Another altar tomb near, also defaced in the
same way, reads :

"In memory of Geo. Forsyth, who in his long resi-
dence as a merchant and magistrate in the town was
beloved for his mild manners and great worth, died
Sept. I5th, 1806, aged 52 years."

In the porch at the north door of the church, (the
older part), is a tablet which, having fallen down in the
graveyard, has been placed here, and is the only record
we have here of those who fell defending their country
from the invader on the memorable 27th May, 1813,
when a force of 6,000 landed, the Niagara frontier beijng
defended by a force of 1500 only.

"In memory of Capt. M. Mcl/ellan, aged 42
years ; Charles Wright and Wm. Cameron, in the 25th
year of their age, of the 1st Regiment of Lincoln Mili-
tia, who gloriously fell on the 27th May, 1813, also
Adjutant Lloyd of the 8th King's Regiment of Infantry.

"As lurid lightnings dart their vivid light, s
So poured they forth their fire in bloody fight.
They bravely fell and served their country's cause,
They loved their Constitution, King and Laws."

In the first poem published by Mr. Kirby, called
the IT. K., is a character called by him Ranger John.
Here in the eastern side of the graveyard is a simple
inscription to the old U. E. Loyalist from whom the
character in the poern was drawn,

"John Clement, Esq., died Feb. nth, 1845,
87."

The name of Col. John Butler in certain histories
is held up to obloquy, but as time rolls on the partizan
spirit is dying out, and poet and historian will yet do
late justice to the leader of the irregular force called
Butler's Rangers. On a tablet in the church may be
read these words :

"Fear God and honour the King. In memory of
Col. John Butler, His Majesty's Commissioner for In-
dian affairs, born in New London, Connecticut, 1728.
His life was spent honorably in the service of the
Crown. In the war with France, for the conquest of
Canada, he was distinguished at the battle of Lake
George, Sept., 1755 ; at the siege of Fort Niagara and
its capitulation, 25th July, 1759. In the war of 1776
he took up arms in defence of the unity of the Empire
and raised and commanded the Royal American Regi-
ment of Butler's Rangers. A sincere Christian as well
as a brave soldier, he was one of the founders and the
first patron of this parish. He died at Niagara, May,
1796, and is interred in the family burying ground near
this town. Erected 1880."

Some years ago an attempt was made to remove
the remains to St. Mark's, but the grave could not be
located.

Outside the eastern wall a brave young sailor who
gave his life for his country is commemorated. Another
tablet inside also records his name, the one erected by
his nephew at the request of brothers and sisters, the
other by Capt. Dawes, R.N., at the request of his
mother.

"Sacred to the memory of Capt. Copeland Rad-
cliffe, of His Britannic Majesty's Navy, who fell whilst
gallantly leading on his men to board one of the
enemy's schooners at anchor off Fort Erie on the night
of the 1 7th Aug., 1814."

Near the north corner of the cemetery is a monu-
ment to :

Col. Ralfe Clench, died Jan. igth, 1828, aged 66
years, also Elizabeth, his wife, who died Aug. I5th,
1850, aged 78."

Reference has alreadv been made to the honorable

work of Ralfe Clench, the body buried first in Butler's
graveyard, was removed here. It is recorded in the
very rare copy of the proceedings of the Loyal and Pat-
riotic Society formed during the War of 1812, that the
house of Mr. Clench was the only one saved in the
town from the conflagration, but it was accidentally
burnt shortly after.

Not far from the church are the graves of two
worthies yet unmarked, but who well deserve to be
remembered. Dominic Henry, an old soldier of the army
of Cornwallis, who afterwards took charge of the
lighthouse which stood where Fort Mississagua low
stands, from 1803 to 1814. His wife who, on the 2yth
May, served out refreshments to our forces, had her ser-
vices acknowledged by the Loyal and Patriotic Society,
who presented her with £25, calling her "a heroine not
to be frightened."

Another stone has the inscription :

"Hermanns de Graff, of Schenectady, who depart-
ed this life in 1802, aged 28.

Stop traveller and weep,

For here beneath death's shade,

Snatched from his friends.

A lovely youth is laid.

But sleep in hope,

For soon he'll burst this sod,

And rise in air

To meet his Saviour God.

"In memory of Col. Wm. Kingsmill, son of the
late Major Kingsmill, of ist Royals, died in Toronto,
6th May, 1876, aged 82. Col. Kingsmill served in H.
M. 66th Regiment, in the Peninsular War, and after-
wards at St. Helena, during Napoleon's captivity. Sub-
sequently in command of 3rd Inf. Corps, Batt. of U.
Canadian Militia, and was Sheriff of the Niagara Dis-
trict. He was a gallant soldier."

The Kingsmill's must have been a military fam-
ily, as in the church are two tablets to the sons of Col.
Kingsmill, dying in places far distant, and a grandson
is now in the Royal Navy.

"In memoriam Capt. W. D. Kingsmill of R. C.
Regt., born at St. Helena, 1818. Lieut. C. E. Kings-
mill, of Ceylon Rifle Regt., died at Hong Kong."

Near this is an inscription in I^atin to his wife uy
one who was an old U. Canada College boy :

In Memoriam

Liviniae
Nicol Kingsmill Uxoris

Quae

In hac parochia

Prid . non . Aug.

A.D., M.D.C.C.C.X.C.V.

De Hac Vita Decessit

Annos X.L.V. Nata

Dilectissima.

In an enclosure facing the river is a stone with
coat of arms and the motto, Denique Coelum.

''Robert Melville, Capt. H. M. 68th Regt., died
1845."

Also a stone to a son of Capt. Schonsuar, 1st
Dragoon Guards.

Where so many military are buried there seems to
have been some plan followed, as grouped near one an-
other are soldiers of R. C. Rifles, again of y6th Regt.,
and in another spot of King's Dragoon Guards.

"Sacred to the memory of Thomas Easton, late
trumpeter H. M. Royal Artillery Drivers, who departed
this life Feb. 24th, 1832, aged 56 years.

Here lies within this silent grave,
A Royal soldier, brisk and brave,
Who suddenly was called away,
From off this sodden foot of clay."

"Sacred to the memory of William Jolliffe and
'ohn Midgley, aged 20 and 21 respectively, who died
July iyth, 1825. They belonged to the band of the
76th Regt., and were universally beloved and regretted
by their comrades."

Near this lies an old Waterloo veteran, who for
many years rode round the town decorated with his
medals on the anniversary of the battle, i8th June :
"Thos. Fletcher of the 76th Regt., died in 1847."

"Capt. Jas. Baxter, late 68th Regt., and Royal
Canadian Rifle Regt., died Feb. 28th, 1865, aged 67
years."

A romantic story is attached to the name of one
born in far Greece, but then, alas, Greece enslaved by
the savage Turk.

"In memory of Katherina Haideen, a native of
Missolonghi, Greece, wife of Frederick Paflard, born
1823, died at Niagara, 1883."

As a child, a captive with the Turks, she attrac-
ted the compassion of an English gentleman, who
bought her freedom, and educated her in England as his
own. The story recalls the fact that at a school in
Niagara a collection was taken up to assist the Greeks
in 1827, the year of the battle of Navarinb.

In the east corner of the church is a tablet :

"Sacred to the memory of Henrietta Eliza Sewell,
wife of F. J. Lundy, B.C.Iv., assistant minister of this
parish, and daughter of the Hon. Jonathan Sewell, D.
C. L-, late Chief Justice of Lower Canada, died 1847,
aged 39."

On the outside wall :

"Anne, consort of Capt. Chas. Paynter, daughter
of Sir Robert Ruthven, Bart., died 1836, agecl 32.

The body lies inside of the new part of this
church, east side, parallel with and 9% feet from the
corner of the old wall."

"Capt. Geo. Deare, R.C.R., eldest son of the late
Lieut. Col. Deare, 8th Hussars, who died at Niagara,
1851, aged 32 years. This tablet is erected by his bro-
ther officers as a testimony of esteem and regard."

From a tablet in the church we learn that others
besides Gen. Brock were buried at Fort George.

"Donald Campbell, Islay, Argyleshire, Fort Major,
of Fort George, died 1st Dec., 1812. Interred on west
side of Garrison Gate, Fort George."

A handsome tablet commemorates another Penin-
sular War veteran :

"Sacred to the memory of Lieut. Col. Wm. Elliot,
K. L., of the R. C. Rifle Regt., Colonel commanding
Niagara frontier, who died at Niagara, Dec. I7th, 1845,
aged 55 years. 39 years of his life were devoted to his
country, he having served in most of the glorious vic-
tories of the Peninsular War. This tablet is erected by
the officers of the Royal C. Rifle Regt., as a memorial
of affection and of sincere regret for his lamented
death."

On the outer wall, the sons-in-law of Rev. R.
Addison are remembered :

"John Andrew Stevenson, born in Dublin, 1790,
died at Oakwood, near Niagara, 1832."

A letter has been lately found written to his
father-in-law, Mr. Addison, after the disastrous battle
of Chippawa.

"George Connolly, born in Dublin, 1784, died at
Lake Lodge, near Niagara, 1857."

"In memory of Richard Hiscott, born in Wilt-
shire, England, 1790, died at Niagara, Canada, 1874.
Deservedly esteemed both as a citizen and a soldier. In
early life he served with honour in H. M. 76th Regt., of
foot, and was in many battles of the Peninsular War
and in Canada. He settled in Niagara, where a large
family of his descendants and numerous friends lament
his death."

Two beautiful mural tablets in the transept read
thus :

"In memory of the Hon. Robert Dickson, of
Woodlawn, Niagara, member of the Legislative Council
of Canada, who died at Leghorn, Italy, 1846, aged 50.
This tablet is erected by her who fondly cherishes the
recollection of those endearing qualities which were so
long the solace of her life, and who mourns her loss
with a hope full of consolation."

The mourning widow, dying like her husbamd, far
>m home, is commemorated in fewer words :

"In memory of Jane Jones, relict of the Hon.
_obt. Dickson, of Woodlawn, Niagara, who died at
Fontreal, 1854, aged 60 years."

In the graveyard is a memorial to the father of
[on. Robert Dickson :

"In memory of the Hon. Wm. Dickson, of Wood-

iwn, Niagara, born in Dumfries, Scotland, 1760, died

it Niagara, Jan. ist, 1846, and of Charlotte Adlem,

dfe of Hon. Wm. Dickson, born in London, Kngland,

771, died at Niagara, Jan. ist, 1826."

This must have been she who, lying ill in bed, was
irried out and lay in the snow watching the destruc-
:ion of the house with its library worth £600, the day
:he town was burnt, her husband being a prisoner at
Ireenbush.

Length of service seems to have been the rule here,
for besides the unique fact that in the hundred years of

the church history, there were only three rectors, the
parish clerk had a still longer term of office than the
above average. On a small stone :

"To the memory of John Wray, 50 years parish
clerk of St. Mark's, who died at an advanced age, Oct.
6th, 1846."

In the church at the north end is a large tablet let
in the wall in memory of the first minister, whose cir-
cuit extended to Long Point, York, Grimsby, etc.

"In memory of the Rev. Robt. Addison, first mis
sionary in this district of the Venerable the Society for
the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. He
commenced his labors in 1792, which by the blessing of
Divine Providence, he was enabled to continue for 37
years. Besides his stated services as minister of St.
Mark's in the town, he visited and officiated in different
parts of this and adjoining districts until other mission-
aries arrived. He was born in Westmoreland, Kngland.
Remember them which have the rule over you."

Near this is a large tablet to the second rector :

"In memory of Rev. Thos. Creen, late Rector of
Niagara, born in Rathfriland, Ireland, Nov. 2oth, 1799,
died at Niagara, Jan. 6th, 1864. 'How beautiful
upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth
good tidings, that publisheth peace.' Isaiah 52, 7."

Mr. Creen was educated at Glasgow Universit}7,
was a ripe scholar, and for several years taught the
Grammar School. The tablet was erected by old pupils,
members of a private class.

One of the stained glass windows is in memory of
the third Rector, Rev. Wm. McMurray, D.D., D.C.L.

Another teacher who also took his place in fight-
ing at Queenston Heights and wrote a history of the
war of 1812, printed at Niagara (now very rare) was a
captain in the Royal Scots, David Thomson. An edu-
cator in another line as an editor and publisher, Mr.
Andrew Heron, lies here, his four wives beside him in an
enclosure between the two defaced stones previously
mentioned. The Gleaner newspaper, published from
1817 to 1837, and many books which he printed are his
monument. He was the founder, secretary-treasurer
and librarian of the Niagara Library, numbering 1,000
volumes, which existed from 1800 to 1820. He was

also the secretary and treasurer of St. Andrew's
church for many years.

Many quaint and curious lines may be found on the
old stones ; as to a child who died Mar. 2nd, 1802,
aged 4 years, Ann Graham :

"My time is short ; the longer my rest

God called me heare because he thought it best

So weep not ; drie up your tears

Heare must i lie till Christ Apears."

The exigencies of rhyme, rhythm and syntax are
boldly met and conquered ; metaphors and similes,
appropriate or not, abound.

"The fairest flower that nature shews,

Sustains the sharpest doom,

His life was like a morning rose

That withers in its bloom.

Weep not mother for John is at rest

His sins forgot and in Heaven blest."

"Sacred to the memory of the two infant children
of R. U. Turney, chaplain to H. B. Majesty's Forces,
and Jane, his wife."

Does this mean that he was chaplain to the Forces
and Jane his wife ?

But verse is not yet exhausted. On the tomb-
stone of two children of Alexander McKee, dying in
1813, are the following lines : It is told that the father
was a prisoner at Fort Niagara and was allowed to
come to the funeral. Losing his property when the town
was burnt, he taught a classical school, assisted by his
wife, and both lie buried here beside their children :

"Ah here they lie as budding roses
Blasted before their bloom
Whose innocence did sweets disclose
Beyond that flower's perfume."

"Dear as thou didst in modest worth excell,
More dear than in a daughter's name farewell,
Farewell dear Maria ; but the hour is nigh
When if I'm worthy we shall meet on high
Then shall I say triumphant from the tomb
Come to thy mother's arms dear Maria come."

Another :

"Filial affection stronger than the grave
From Time's obliterating hand to save
Erects this humble monument of stones
Over a father's and a mother's bones."

"He's gone ! No more his infant smiles

The smile of innocence shall dart

His power electric to expand

And warm a tender parent's heart ;

His lips which I kissed are faded and cold

His hands which I clasped are covered with mould

His form which I clasped is crumbled away

And soon by his side his weepers s'hall lay."

On the tombstone of a child, Mary Rogers, dying
in 1812 :

"God plants his flowers at any time
And plucks when he thinks proper
Then why should we repine ?"

William Grier, aged 27, died in 1813, the son of
John Grier, a noted merchant :

Ye mourning friends as you pass by
This monument survey
Learn ere your solemn hour draws nigh
To choose that better way.

Of "Jane Cassady, the wife of John Whitten," it
is told that when a child she carried her younger bro-
ther on her back out to Butler's farm for safety the day
the town was taken, 27th May, 1813. Who in this
degenerate day deserves such praise as that in the line
given below ?

"Here lies as much virtue as could live."

"Man's life what is it ? Tis a flower
Looks fresh and dies within the hour."

These are all in the first years of the century and
form a contrast with the brief lines on two monuments
of late years.

"The memory of a life nobly rendered is immortal."
"Laid here in faith, hope and love all that is mortal of — ."

'A trace of the rude hand of war is here recorded :
"Sacred to the memory of John McFarland, a
native of Paisley, Scotland. He was taken prisoner at
the capture of Fort George and escaped from Green
Bush near the close of the war, 1815. He returned to
his place, Niagara, and, finding his property burnt up
and destroyed by the enemy, it enervated him so much
that he died in a few months after, in the 64th year of
his age."

On a tombstone near the north corner appears

Pope's line, and the epitaph is unique as describing a
man who had gained all the wealth he desired. We all
know the story of the ancient king vainly searching the
world for a happy man.

"An honest man's the noblest work of God. In
memory of Archibald Cunningham, who was born in
Scotland and resided nearly 30 years in Canada. Hav-
ing during half of that time by Strict Integrity and by
persevering Industry in the Paths of Commerce acquired
a competency equal to his wishes he retired to his Farm
and there by a life of Frugal Simplicity and disinter-
ested Benevolence he retained the affection of all his
friends and procured the respect of all his neighbors.
These sentiments, evincing the Esteem of those who
accompanied him through Life, have by them been en-
graven on this Monument. Erected by a grateful and
effectionate Friend, Ob. 2ist Aug., 1804." A grand
niece, Miss Sibbald, was, by her request, buried beside
him in 1904, a century later.

A naval hero, a beloved physician and a Metho-
dist class leader, are thus commemorated :

"Sacred to the memory of Philip Hopkins, Com-
mander of H. M. Cruiser Vandeleur, who departed this
life July nth, 1858, aged 75."

"In loving memory of Robt. M. Wilson, M.D., who
died at Simcoe, May 3ist, 1875. Their eyes shall
behold the king in his beauty, they shall behold the land
that is very far off."

(This was a favorite verse of the deceased.)

"Andrew Brady, born at Oueenston Heights Aug.
I5th, 1789, died 1875."

Many remember him — familiarly known as Father
Brady.

A sad story is told on a cross in an enclosure
with seven graves, of young men snatched from life sud-
denly.

"In affectionate remembrance of Robert C. Hen-
derson, J. H. Murray, C. E. Anderson, Weir Anderson,
Philips Braddon, C.V., W. Vernon, Vincent H. Taylor,
who were lost on nth July, 1874, by the foundering of
the Yacht Foam."

One of the beautiful memorial windows is in mem-
ory of a merchant of the town, whose stately form and

handsome face gave him the cognomen of "Lord John,"
a friend of the celebrated Mrs. Jameson, and referred
to in her life, "John Lees Alma, 1890, by his wife an.i
daughters." A daughter, Emily, was born at Valpar-
aiso, Chili, and this shows again from what distant
lands these inmates of "God's Acre" hail, as does the
next inscription.

"Murray Powell, son of John Powell, Sub-
Inspector of Mounted Police, Victoria, Australia."

Near this a noted lawyer of the town is comme-
morated by a stately ivy covered monument.

"Charles Letham Hall, Barrister at Law."

Here lies buried Capt. Alexander Garrett of the
Grenadiers, who fought with Brock at Queenston
Heights. On an old stone with the name of John
Emery, 1813, the lines :

"Waken, O Lord, our drowsy sense

To walk this dangerous road,
And if our souls are hurried hence

May they be found with God."

It is remarkable the number of retired clergy who
lie buried here, Rev. Henry Cottingham, Rev. Romaine
Rolph, Rev. Peter Roe, Rev. Matthew Ker, D.D., Rev.
H. N. Philips, Rev. Canon Arnold, Rev. Prof. Beavan,
Rev. John S. Clarke.

The third rector is thus kept in memory as well
as by the beautiful memorial window :

"To the Glory of God and in memory of William
McMurray, D.D., D.C.L., Archdeacon of Niagara and
Rector of St. Mark's Parish for 37 years. Born Sept.
I9th, 1810, died May I9th, 1894. 'Lord, I have loved
the habitation of Thy house and the place where Thine
honor dwelleth.' Ps. 28, 8."

Also, to his first wife :

"Sacred to the memory of Charlotte Johnston,
wife of Rev. Win. McMurray, died 1871, aged 71."

This was a sister of Mrs. Schoolcraft and daugh-
ter of Chief Johnston, an Irish gentleman of Sault Ste.
Marie, referred to by Mrs. Jameson in her "Summer
Rambles and Winter Studies," as marrying an Indian
maiden, Ogeneboquah.

On a tablet in the church to Amelia Baxter,
widow of Dr. McMurray, is found this praise :

"This woman was full of good works and alms-
deeds which she did." Acts 9. 36.

Another has the name of Klizabeth, wife of
Senator Plumb, and daughter of Thomas C. Street.

Here too was buried Jean Baptiste Rousseaux, a
native of Paris, Interpreter to the Indian Chief Joseph
Brant, the great Thyendanagea.

The eminent virtues of a child of nine are not
often spoken of :

"Sacred to the memory of Robert D. Wright, son
of the late Chas. Wright of Niagara, who departed this
life 9th June, 1822, aged 9 years and 7 mos.

Although I walk in Death's dark vale

Yet will I fear no ill,
For thou art with me and thy rod

And staff me comfort still.

"This stone was erected by David Thompson, his
stepfather, as a memorial of his eminent virtues."

The father, Charles Wright, was one of the four
who lie near, killed 2yth May, 1813, and the step-
father, who fought at Queenston Heights and was after-
wards a teacher in the town, lies near without any
stone to mark his grave.

A brass tablet in the church commemorates the
centenary of the church : —

"To the glory of God ! This tablet is erected by
the congregation of St. Mark's Church, in grateful
commemoration of the looth anniversary of the founda-
tion of this parish on the 9th July, 1792. The nave
of the church was built about 1807 and burned during
the war of 1812, the walls only remaining. It was
restored in 1820 and enlarged to the present dimensions
in 1843. During the century the living has been held
by the following incumbents : The Rev. Robert Addi-
son, 1792 to 1829 ; The Rev. Thomas Creen, 1829 to
1857 ; The Rev. William McMurray, D.D., D.C.L., Arch-
deacon of Niagara, to the present time, assisted since
1888 by the Rev. J. C. Garrett as curate in charge."

From the archives of Canada it is pretty conclu-
sively shown that the church was built in 1804 and
from the records of the S. P. G., lately received, ser-
vice was not held in it till 1808. The number of
interments in 1818-1826-7, seems remarkable, and

almost without exception each stone has a verse, of
varying degrees of merit or otherwise. A child, Mary
Ann Tannahill, 1826 :

My Marian gone, a mother cries
And soon the tomb will from me hide
My life, my love, my infant deaf
To sleep in death and silence here.

Many soldiers of the 76th Regiment of foot are
buried near one another, as in another part of the
graveyard are members of the ist or King's Dragoon
Guards, also is found mention of the looth Regt.,
Obadiah Creed, and still another arm of the service as
"Alexander Gardiner, a native of Perthshire, North
Britain, Master Mason in the Royal Engineer Depart-
ment at this post during many years, a situation
which he fulfilled with entire satisfaction to his super-
iors and the esteem of all his acquaintances," died
1824, aged 65.

The present day taste in inscriptions is shewn in
a memorial to a soldier of a later date :

"In memory of Percy Beale, late Captain and
Adjutant Her Majesty's loth Foot, Ivincolnshire Regt.,
died at the Bungalow, Niagara, 1902.

"The day has sung its song of sorrow," and over
the grave of the widow :

"After the day has sung its song of sorrow
One by one the golden stars appear."

The small grey stone over the infant grandchild of
Chief Justice Powell, dying here in 1812, has an
appropriate couplet :

"Such the mild Saviour to his arms receives

And the full blessing of His Kingdom gives."

A large flat stone commemorates John Wilson, a
church warden for many years, whose will leaves pro-
perty to his thirteen children ; near by are inscriptions
to three of his wives, Jane Wilson in 1808, Ann Wilson,
1819, and Mary in 1854. In the U. E. L. lists his
father is called Irish John.

A group of tombstones seem to have formed a
family burial plot, with the names of Rogers, Grier
and Koune, all related.

Alexander Rogers, died 1818, aged 35.

Mary Rogers, relict of John Rogers, died in 1828,
aged 78, having lived in Niagara since 1806."

John Rogers died 1820.

James Rogers died 1854, aged 45.

Jane Grier died 1835, in the 84th year of her
age.

The Harrington Hotel was kept by Alexander
Rogers, and afterwards by his wife.

Elizabeth, wife of Charles Koune, died 1844, aged
70, born in Ireland.

John Grier, born in 1761, died in 1833, was a
noted merchant of the town and an elder in the Pres-
byterian church for many years. Letters in the ar-
chives in Ottawa shew his claim for the damage, to his
tannery in the war of 1812-14.

An old grey stone bears the names of Richard
and Diana Pointer, 1817 and 1818 :

"A father kind, a mother dear
In silent death doth slumber here,
And when God's trump the earth shall quake
In Christ we hope they will awake.
Their offspring then to God be given
And all enjoy sweet rest in heaven."

"Robert Wilson of Sunderland Co., Durham, Eng-
land, died July 1839.

Farewell dear wife and children all

Wherever you remain,
The Lord of Hosts be your defence

Till we do meet again."

Followed by the rather singular addition : "Also
to the memory of Catharine Keo, his mother-in-law,
August, 1839."

A late inscription brings up several well known
names :

"Eliza Addison Stevenson, 1827-1906, widow of
John Cockcroft Kirkpatrick, daughter of John Andrew
Stevenson, and grand-daughter of Rev. Robert Addi-
son, the first rector of this parish."

A tablet lately placed in the church is to the
memory of the veteran litterateur;- William Kirby, has
this inscription, said to have been composed by him-
self :

"In memory of William Kirby, F. R! S. C., for
twenty-four years Collector of Customs for Niagara.

The author of Le Chien D'Or (the Golden Dog),
Canadian Idylls, and other works of just repute,
a true man, with the loyalty, courage and spirit of
his race, born at Hull, Yorkshire, I3th Oct. 1817, died
at Niagara 23rd June, 1906. Also in memory of his
dear wife, Eliza Magdalene Whitmore, TJ.E.Iy., born in
Niagara Tp., I4th Aug., 1817, died at Niagara 5th
June, 1891."

An old grey stone brings up a story of the roar
of cannon, of deadly strife, of blazing houses in bleak
December, of the cries of children, despairing mothers
brought out from sick beds :

"In memory of Mrs. G. Taylor, wife of Thos.
Taylor, Esq., of Hamilton Gore District, who departed
this life 6th June, 1833, age 46." Thos. Taylor was
Fort Major, succeeding Fort Major Campbell in 1812,
at Fort George. It is related that Mrs. Taylor and
four children living at what is known as the "Wilder-
ness," the property of the Claus family, hid in what is
called the "Pitt," an old root house, their only shelter
for some time, and that forty took refuge in an old
dugout when the town was burned, and lived there for
the winter.

A beautiful memorial window copied from, a cele-
brated painting in Italy, the Resurrection morning, the
women at the tomb, commemorates Mrs. Fell of
Buffalo.

The latest addition to this fine old cemetery is a
handsome massive mausoleum, shewing filial affection ;
here are placed the bodies of the father and mother,
Robert and Annie Carnathan, of Mrs. Baur, also that
of her husband, Charles Baur, shewing too the love for
Niagara, as Mrs. Baur, living long in Terre Haute, In-
diana, returns to her birthplace, bringing her dead for
sepulture in this old God's Acre.

The quotations are from the Song of Solomon
and Cardinal Newman's hymn :

"Until the day break and the shadows flee away."

"And with the morn those angel faces smile
Which I have loved long since and lost a while."

An old stone enclosure has two large flat stones :
"James Monro, Rossshire, Scotland, 1832."

With the rather unusual text :

"Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first
resurrection, on such Death has no power."

Here, too, rests the body of Thomas McCormick,
the manager of the old Bank of Upper Canada, and
church warden for many years, 1784 — 1867, and of his
wife, Augusta Honoria, daughter of Secretary Jarvis,
born in London, 1790, died 1848, and of Mrs. Wm.
McCormick, nee Arnoldi, born 1765, died 1855, having
been a widow for seventy years.

Two descendants of United Kmpire Loyalists are
buried here, Col. Peter Servos and his brother, Daniel
Servos ; part of the original house built in 1784 still
stands on the Lake road.

ST. ANDREW'S CEMETERY.

In this enclosure, where the first church was erected
in the town, in 1794, none were buried till 1833, the
first to be interred, he who conducted the first Sunday
School in the town for fourteen years, is in few words
mentioned :

"Sacred to the memory of John Crooks, died
Mar. 3ist, 1833, aged 36. A native of Greenock,
Scotland."

He was the postmaster of the town, whose bene-
volent deed to prisoners in the jail confined for debt is
mentioned in papers of that period, in sending firewood
to them in the depth of winter.

Next this enclosure is one covered with fragrant
lilies of the valley. A small tablet in the wall has
these words : "The Minister's Burying Place." "For
me to live is Christ and to die is gain."

Singular to say, in the century of its history, no
minister of this church has been buried here, only a
small mound, that of an infant of a day, may be seen
in the plot.

A few military heroes and several U.K. Loyalists
found here their last resting place, as :

"Sacred to the memory of Donald McDonald, of
the 79th Highlanders, died 1846."

"Lachian Currie, 68th Regt., fought in the Penin-
sular war."

Of one U. K. Loyalist buried here the story is

told that he was, when a child, a captive among the
Indians for several years.

"In memory of Jas. Cooper, born in Scotland,
1770 ; emigrated to America in 1774 ; died 1856, in
his 86th year."

"Elizabeth Hixon, his wife, born in the Province
of New Jersey in 1773, emigrated to Canada in 1788,
died 1855, aged 82." •

Descendants of Capt. Jacob Ball of Butler's Rang-
ers are buried here, Wm. M. Ball and his son, Robert N.
Ball, both office bearers in St. Andrew's church.

"John Eglesum, died 1851, aged 93."

A skilful physician and surgeon, the brother of
Prof. Campbell of Edinburgh University, and who,
dying in Toronto, wished to be buried "as near old St.
Andrew's as possible," is thus commemorated :

"In memory of Duncan Campbell, M.D., of Edin-
burgh, died Feb. 4th, 1879, aged 68 years."

A later grave is that of "John Majoribanks Law-
der, for many years judge of the County of Lincoln."

One of the fathers of the church, for fifty years
was connected with it as an office bearer, and was also
an officer in the Lincoln Militia in 1812.

"William Duff Miller, 1786—1859."

A benefactor of the church wTho left a legacy of
£75O> which afterwards purchased the manse, is thus
remembered :

"Sacred to the memory of Catharine Young, who
died 1840, aged 67. This tribute of regard is erected
by the relatives of her husband, Jno. Young, who was
drowned in Lake Ontario, July 3oth, 1840."

Dr. Whitelaw, a distinguished scholar who taught
the Grammar School both in Niagara and Kingston,
lies here, dying in 1850.

In the vestibule is a mural tablet :

"Sacred to the memory of John Young, Esq., long
a merchant of Niagara. Returning home in pain and
infirmity, he was drowned in Lake Ontario, where his
body rests awaiting the hour when the sea shall give up
her dead. In his last illness, concerned for the welfare of
coming generations, he ordained a bequest for the per-
petual maintenance of divine ordinances in this church.
He met death July 29th, 1840, aged 73. 'Pray for

the peace of Jerusalem, because of the house of the
Lord I will seek thy good.' "

From him Youngstown received its name.

The Wagstaff plot commemorates settlers before
and after the war of 1812.

John Wagstaff, a merchant of the town for many
years, 1779 — 1852 ; Sarah Wagstaff, 1785 — 1854.
Her virtues and her worth
Shall fond remembrance dicer."

1 'Elizabeth Remington, wife of Richard Wagstaff,
A few short years of evil past,
We reach the happy shore."

Near this is the Davidson plot :

Walter Davidson, 1779 — 1850 ; his wife, Sarah,
1792 — 1848, their sons John, William, James, David.

Beside Dr. Whitelaw, the whole family, who died
young, are buried.

The next plot is the McFarland's, whose brick
house, built in 1800, still stands. They are all descend-
ants of one who was a prisoner at Greenbush, referred
to in St. Mark's. One of these, James, buried in an-
other plot, was one of the guides to the force which
captured Fort Niagara, Dec. 1813.

Joseph Barr, a victim of the Des Jardins canal
tragedy, Mar. I2th, 1857.

John Ross, born in Montreal, 1781, died at Nia-
gara, 1863.

John Mencilley, aged 86, for many years keeper of
stores *at Fort George.

Col. R(?b%t.- Miller l^es here, and Wm. Wright,
Royal Engineers .

John Rogers, an office-bearer of the church for
fifty years, like Col. Wr D. Miller.

In an enclosure full of headstones lies John Mc-
Culloch, a noted merchant of the town, born in Wig
tonshire, Scotland.

Jacob Field and Murray Field, descendants of U.
E. Iy. families, lie here.

Janet McPherson, aged 93, wife of Neil Black,
and the brothers, John, Alexander, Ivachlan, aged 80,
89 and 99, respectively.

A few Africans who escaped from slavery lie here,
and lately were found the remains, no doubt hastily in-

terred, of a soldier of the King's 8th, who fell 27th
May, 1813.

A stout slab of oak, which has stood for over
fifty years, while more modern marble stones have
fallen, broken in two, tells of another soldier :

"Thomas Ferguson, Royal Canadian Rifles, of the
parish of Pithenween, Fifeshire, died in 1852.

A faithful friend, a father dear,
A loving husbaid lieth here ;
Great is the loss we now sustain
We hope in Heaven to meet again."

That of another gives a hint of the troubles and
expense caused to the Canadian Government by the
Civil War in the United States :

"In memory of Jas. Falconer, private of No. 2
Co., of Central Administrative Battalion, who died
while serving upon the frontier Mar. 1st, 1865.

This monument was erected to his memory by the
officers, non-commissioned officers and men of his
company."

Here lies a young surgeon from Edinburgh :

"John Fairweather, Fellow of the Royal College
of Surgeons, Edinburgh, died, 1839, aged 28."

Many names shewing nationality are found here,
as McFarland, McPherson, Davidson, Dawson, Logan,
Swinton, Currie, Forbes, Carnochan, Elliott, Gordon,
Mclntyre, Blain, Hutchinson, McMicking, Pringle, Lach-
lan McPherson had far passed the limit of the Psalmist,
having attained almost his hundredth year.

The Centennial tablet reads thus :
"1794. 1894.

"In grateful commemoration of the one hundredth
anniversary of the organization of this congregation,
this tablet is erected by the members of St. Andrew's
Church, Niagara. The first building, begun in Octo-
ber 1794 and erected on this spot, was burnt in the
war of 1812-14. The congregation met in St. Andrew's
school room on the noith corner of this block for some
years. The present church was built in 1831. The min-
isters have been Rev. John Dun, Rev. John Young,
Rev. Jno. Burns, Rev. Thomas Fraser, Rev. Robt. Mc-
Gill, D.D., Rev. John Cruickshank, D.D., Rev. J. B.
Mowat, M.A., D.D., Rev. Charles Campbell, Rev. Wm.

Cleland, Rev. J. W. Bell, M.A., and the present pastor,
Rev. N. Smith."

ST. VINCENT de PAUL.

The church was built in 1834 ; previous to thi*>
St. Mark's graveyard was used by all denominations.
In the church is a tablet with this inscription :

"To the memory of Lieut. Adjt. Reginald McDon-
nell, Royal Canadian Rifle Regt., who died at Niagara,
C. W., on the 2oth Dec., 1851, aged 39 years. This
tablet is erected by his brother officers as a testimony
of regard." In the graveyard is a stone with a similar
inscription.

In the enclosure of the McDougal family is the
grave of Col. D. McDougal, treasurer of the united
counties of Lincoln, Welland and Haldimand for many
years. He fought at Lundy's Lane and lay on the field
all night, being reported as mortally wounded, but
recovered, carrying in his body a bullet to his, grave.
In the Historical Room is the original document auth-
orizing Daniel McDougal to enlist men in Glengarry to
serve in the war, dated April, 1813, E. McDonell.
Fresco tt.

Bishop McDonell, who ministered to the Catholic
regiment from Glengarry, Scotland, was often enter-
tained at Col. McDougal's in Niagara. The wife and
her mother, buried here, show the Scottish origin, Mc-
Nabb and McDonell.

Near this enclosure lies buried one of the benevo-
lent ladies of the town, whose kind face and ready smile
are not forgotten, Mrs. Stevenson. A letter in an old
Niagara Gleaner of 1832, tells of the time when debtors
were imprisoned and of the kindness of Mrs. Stevenson
in sending comforts to prisoners.

A young and beloved priest, Father Lynch, lies
here, his grave kept covered with flowers by loving
hands. In a distant corner is a monument to mark
the grave of Patrick Lawless, the fireman of the
Steamer Zimmerman, burnt to death on board on the
night of Aug. 2ist, 1863.

Near this is a mark of filial affection. Father
John Kennedy has placed this inscription to the mem-
ory of his father :

"In memoriam Bernard! Kennedy, cujus anima ut
Requiescat in pace, desiderantur fidelium suffragia mor-
tuus est IV Kal Decembris A. D. 1857, Anno JE^tatis
suae 53, Grato animo filius ejus Revendus Joannes P.
Kennedy Presbyter. Hoc eregi curavit."

Another mark of respect to parents buried years
ago is the handsome mausoleum near the church erected
lately by Hugh J. Chisholm, a millionaire of New York,
the bodies of his father and mother, Alexander Chis-
holm and Mary Chisholm, first buried in the graveyard,
having been transferred to this solid structure.

Not many old soldiers are buried here, but there
is one to the memory of James K. Burns of the Royal
Canadian Rifles, Sergeant, also his father, Thomas
Burns, a respected pensioner, for many years belonging
to the band of that Regiment.

Very few verses are found, but one attracts
attention :

"Gloria in Excelsis Deo, Patrick Mclaughlin, a
native of Sligo, Ireland, 1853, aged 26.

Remember me, my Christian friends,

And then in charity pray

That God may blot out ail my sins

The general judgment day.

With humble prayers then may crave

When you perceive that from my grave

I ask my last request from you

To whom I bid my last adieu."

The words on many stones are, "Pray for his
soul." The names found here generally show the na-
tionality— as Fagan, Brady, O'Neil, O'Donnell, Lynch.
There are many fine monuments- to members of the
families of Doyle, Greene, Healey, Barren, Gurvine,
Murphy, Freel, Petley, McGuire, Walsh, Reilley,
Kearins. •

BAPTIST (COLORED) CHURCH.

This church, erected in 1829 by the exertions of
John Oakley j who came to Fort George in 1814 and
had charge of the Field Train Department, was removed
some time ago, being no longer used. At one time sev-
eral hundred escaped slaves found shelter under the
British flag, and here are buried many of these dusky
Africans, but one white child was buried here in 1832,

that of the above mentioned Rev. John Oakley, who
was a teacher and preacher.

Here too is buried a hero whose name should not
be forgotten, though it is unrecorded in marble or gra-
nite. Herbert Holmes, a teacher and exhorter, who
organized a band of colored men of several hundreds to
surround the jail and prevent the return of Mosely, an
escaped slave from Kentucky, who was by law ordered
to be given up. The civil and military authorities were
called out, soldiers, constables, sheriff, and the Riot
Act read. The prisoner escaped, but Holmes and Green
were shot and lie buried here, having given their lives
to save their brother from slavery. Were not they
heroes indeed, and should not their names be commemo-
rated ?

METHODIST GRAVEYARD.

This congregation is also a century old. The
church was built in 1823.

Here is found a monument to John Boyd, who
died here in 1885, aged 85. He had been a teacher in
the Old Blue (Grammar) School of Toronto, and was
the father of Sir John Boyd, whose son has given his
life in South Africa. Here are buried John Kedson and
Salome Crane, his wife, of U. K. Loyalist birth, from
Nova Scotia ; George Varey, who played the bass viol
in the church before the days of organs or melodeons.

Two old grey stones show burials here previous to
any in St. Andrew's or St. Vincent de Paul.

"Sarah Laurence, died 1825, aged 64 ; Gideon
Howell, died 1827, aged 22.

Here in the silent tomb beneath this miry sod
Lies one who bore the Cross and trusted in his God ;
Farewell, dear wife and friends, and my dear little son,
My work is finished and the prize is won."

FORT NIAGARA.

Two graveyards on the opposite side of the river
were visited and here were found several inscriptions
interesting to us.

In the military graveyard of Fort Niagara, that
post which has had such ah eventful history, having
been in the hands of French, British, Indians, Ameri-
cans, is found a singular trace of the American occupa-
tion of Fort George in 1813. A young Frenchman,

perhaps a son of one of those of that nationality who
helped the Thirteen Colonies to gain their independ-
ence :

"Ici repose Marie Vincent Boisaubin, lieutenant
et adjutant dans le regiment d'artillerie legere des
Etats Unis, decede au Fort George le 13 aout, 1813, a
1'age de 22 ans, Ami fidele, fils tendre et sincere com-
ment nous consoler d'une perte si severe."

A monument bears this comprehensive inscription:

"Erected to the memory of unknown soldiers and
sailors of the United States, killed in action or dying
of wounds in this vicinity during the war of 1812."

Here were buried in the precincts of the fort, but
so far the spot is unknown and unmarked, two British
officers, killed at the taking of the fort, 25th July,
1759. In the diary of Sir William Johnson, given in
Stone's life of that distinguished man, are these words :
"Today buried Gen. Prideaux and Col. Johnson in the
chapel with great form ; I was the chief mourner."
Should not some memorial be erected to these two
British officers who died in adding a page to Britain's
roll of fame ?

John Ross Robertson, who has done so much to
clear up many pages of Canadian history, has lately
unearthed in England a map showing the position of
the chapel in what is now the parade ground, and Peter
A. Porter of Niagara Falls, N. Y., in an article in the
Buffalo Express, has reproduced this so that one may
almost pace off the distances and fix the spot.

Information has lately been given that in former
days there was a stone near that of Sergt. Amasa
Snow, with the name of General Prideaux, and the
inference is that the bodies of the two British officers
were removed to the military graveyard when the
chapel was taken down.

"Sergeant Amasa Snow, died Apr., 1829.

Here lies brave Snow, full six feet deep,
Whose heart would melt when caused to weep.
Though winter's blast may free: e his frame,
Yet Death's cold grasp can't chill his fame."

This curious mingling of the words Snow, melt,
freeze and chill, referring to the brave Sergeant, is at
least ingenious if not poetic.

A new cenotaph has been erected with inscription
slightly different —

"To the memory of unknown officers and enlisted
men who fought in the early Indian wars on this fron-
tier, and also in the Revolutionary War, whose remains
are interred in this cemetery."

"Sacred to the memory of Adjt. Thos. Poe, Pemr.,
Vol., who nobly died for his country at Ivundy's Lane,
July 26th, 1814." This burial must have taken place
while Fort Niagara was in the hands of the British.

"In memory of John Christie, (son of the late
Major Jas. Christie of the Rev. Army,) Colonel of the
23rd Infantry, Inspector of the Northern Division of the
U. S. Army, died at I/ewiston, July 23rd, 1813, aged
25 yrs., 6 mos. and 19 days."

This was the period of the American occupation of
Niagara, when from the unsanitary condition of the
camp many of the troops were removed to the higher
land at I/ewiston.

LEWISTON.

Here too, in a beautiful well kept graveyard near
the Presbyterian church, are traces of the contest of a
century ago :

"In memory of the high respect and esteem which
Major-General Stephen Van Renssalaer bore to Capt.
George Nelson of the VI. U. S. Regiment of Infantry,
who, on the I3th Oct., 1812, in the XXXVII. year <A
his age, fell in the attack upon Queenston, U.C., this
monument is erected Feb. 22nd, 1813.

"Here sleeps a soldier, here a brave man rests."

The following shows the influence of a wife over a
husband :

"Sacred to the memory of Nancy, consort of Fitz
James Hotchkis.

Nancy, be thou my guide to point the road

That leads far hence to yonder blest abode.

Grant me her faith, thou good, though great most high,

Let me like Nancy live, like Nancy die."

It is difficult now to know what crime committed
by Great Britain is referred to in the following lines :

"In memory of Alexander Miller, who died Oct.
1 3th, 1828, aged 62, a native of Dundee, Scotland."

"Far from his country and his native skies,
Here, mouldering in the dust, poor Miller lies.
He loved his country, loved that spot of earth
Which gave a Wallace, Bruce and Duncan birth.
But when that country, dead to all but gain,
Bowed her base neck and hugged the oppressed chain,
He viewed the approaching event with many a sigh.
He crossed the wide waves, and here untimely died."

Perhaps the Sutherland evictions are meant.

Of Miss Mary Attwater, who died in 1815, it is

said :

•»

"She needs no verse her virtues to record,
She lived and died a servant of the Lord."

Another stone has the startling question :
"She is gone, but where ?"

Another point in which the history of the two
countries touch is found here. A broken tombstone,
formerly upright, nowr lying flat, is that of

"Ashbel Sage, born 1777, died 1855. He was the
pilot and guide who conducted the American army to
Oueenston Heights in the battle on the morning of the
73th October, 1812."

There was formerly a daguerreotype of this vete-
ran inserted in the stone, but this has disappeared long
since.

Here, too, lie Thomas Hustler and his wife Catha-
rine, characters used by the novelist Cooper in the Spy
as Sergeant Hollister and Betty Flannigan.

The HAMILTON GRAVEYARD, QUEENSTON.

The Hamilton residence in Queenston is a fine
stone building on an eminence having the old colonial
pillars, and the family burying plot is on the property,
surrounded by a low stone wall, enclosing beautiful
trees.

The Hon. Robert Hamilton, born in Scotland, and
whose name we find so often as entertaining guests in

Simcoe's time, died in 1809, aged -, and is buried

here. This spot has to us a pathetic interest, since here
for a year rested the remains of Gen. Sir Isaac Brock
and his brave young adjutant, McDonell, who were
four times buried. First, at Fort George, where the
bodies lay for twelve years, till the first monument was
erected at Queenston, then, when the shattered shaft was

taken down, the bodies were removed to the Hamilton
burying plot till the vault of the present monument was
ready in 1853.

One inscription reads :

"Sacred to the memory of Robert Hamilton, born
at Fort Niagara, 1787, died 1856. Mary Biggar, his
wife, bo,rn at Dumfries, Scotland, 1790."

Alexander Hamilton died in Feb., 1839, aged 45.
This must have been Sheriff Hamilton, whose death it
is said was hastened by the shock to his system from
having to perform the office of hangman at Niagara
jail. No hangman was to be found, and the sheriff,
according to law, had himself to perform the revolting
duty, 1838. In an account of a prisoner confined in
Niagara jail for his share in the rebellion, this is con-
firmed.

A large altar tomb commemorates a member of
the well-known Dickson family. He was a merchant .in"
Queenston and carried on an extensive business there.

"Sacred to the memory of Thomas Dickson, who
died in 1825, aged 50, also Eliza, his wife. He was a
native of Dumfries, Scotland, canie to this Province in
the year 1789, and became a permanent resident of the
District of Niagara, where he held various public situa-
tions, which he filled with credit to himself and advant-
age to the country, and as an active, intelligent and
upright magistrate, a member of the Legislature and
Colonel of Militia, none could have discharged the var-
ious duties incidental to the changeable situations with
greater fidelity. In private life an affectionate husband
and parent, a warm friend and kind neighbor, his
urbanity endeared him to all who had the pleasure of
his acquaintance.

Sacred to the memory of Eliza, wife of Thomas
Dickson of Queenston, who died 6th Sept., 1802, and of
their only son, John Alexander, who died i8th July,
1821, in the 2ist year of his age."

"Hannah Owen Hamilton, 1797—1888." This
was the daughter of Win. Jar vis, secretary, and wife of
Alexander Hamilton, whom she survived almost 50
years.

"In memory oi Caroline E. Hamilton, wife of
Geo. Durand. At rest Nov. 26th, 1900 ; born Jan.

4th, 1835. Through the grave and gate of death to
joyful resurrection."

"Our mother, Jessie A. Duff, died May 3ist, 1890,
aged 69."

Midst war's alarms was born Mary Hamilton, 9th
June, 1813, only a few days after the battle of Fort
George, when the town of Niagara was taken, 2yth
May.

Here again occurs an important name in the early
history of our country :

"Hannah, wife of Wm. Jaivis, Secretary of the
Province of U. C., died 1845, aged 84.

Shed not for her the bitter tear,

Nor give the heart to vain regret,
'Tis but the casket that lies here,

The gem that filled it sparkles yet."

Another : "Robert Hamilton lies here ; born 1808 ;
died 1868."

As the Hon. Robert Hamilton was married twice
and had a large family of eight sons, the family con-
nection is large and there are many names to be found
here from intermarriages, as Tench, Duff, Durand, Mew-
burn, Gourlay.

Here lies buried Capt. John Humphrey Tench, late
of H. M. 8yth and 6ist Regts., who died Xmas, 1851,
also Maria Tench, wife of above, also Margaret Car-
ruthers, widow of Major Carruthers, late H. M. 55th
Westmoreland Regt., and Katherine Hamilton, wife of
F. B. Tench, and Eliza Hamilton, wife of J. T. Town-
send.

The family name has been well preserved, as the
city of Hamilton thus derived its name, and the city of
St. Catharines was named in 1809 from Catharine, the
second wife of Hon. Robert Hamilton. The Hon. John
Hamilton's residence, afterwards called Glencairn, by
its owner, W. A. Thomson, was about two miles below
Queenston, while that of Dr. Hamilton, another
brother, was above the mountain. The Hon. John
Hamilton, who has been called the father of Canada's
inland marine, and was long honorably connected with
the shipping of Lake Ontario, is buried at Kingston.

BROCK'S MONUMENT.

This noble shaft, says a late writer, is perhaps
the finest isolated column, all things considered, in the
world : 200 ft. high, the height of the figure 17 ft., and
the situation unsurpassed, commanding a view of
river, lake and plain. At some seasons of the year the
varied colors of brown ploughed land, purple vineyards,
the tender green of the wheat or brilliant crimson of
the "maple forests all aflame," and the somber pine
woods, give the ennuied tourist at least a new experi-
ence.

The first monument was erected in 1824 and shat-
tered with a gunpowder explosion by the miscreant
Lett in 1840, the present, begun in 1853, was finished
in 1856. An immense meeting was held in 1840 on the
Heights to devise means to replace the monument de-
stroyed, ten steamers bore representatives from King-
ston, Cobourg, Hamilton, Toronto, and ascended the
river in procession, while cheering crowds on the bank
showed their enthusiasm. Eloquent speeches were
made by distinguished men, nineteen motions afforded
opportunity to twice as many speakers as movers and
seconders. The first monument was erected by a grant
from the Provincial Parliament, the present by volun-
tary contributions of the militia and Indian warriors of
the province. A grant from Parliament was given to
lay out the grounds. The armorial bearings of the hero
are supported by lions rampant seven feet in height, the
motto Vincit Veritas. On the north face the inscription
reads :

Clipper Canada has dedicated this monument to
the memory of the late

MAJOR-GENERAL SIR ISAAC BROCK, K. B.,

Provincial Lieut. Governor and Commander of the for-
ces in this Province, whose remains are deposited in the
vaults beneath. Opposing the invading enemy, he fell
near these Heights on the I3th October, 1812, in the
43rd year of his age, revered and lamented by the people
whom he governed, and deplored by the sovereign to
whose services his life had been devoted."

On a brass plate within the column is an inscrip-

tion giving an account of the different burials, and on
another a notice of Brock's brave A. D. C.

"In a vault beneath are deposited the mortal re-
mains of Lieut. Col. John McDonell, P. A. B.C., and
Aide-de-Camp to the lamented Major-General Sir Isaac
Brock, K.B., who fell mortally wounded in the battle of
Queenston, on the I3th October, 1812, and died the fol-
lowing day. His remains were removed and re-interred
with due solemnity on I3th Oct., 1853."

The cenotaph which marks the spot where General
Brock fell has on the north side —

"Near this spot Major General Sir Isaac Brock,
K. C. B., Provisional Lieutenant Governor of Upper
Canada, fell on the I3th Oct., 1812, while advancing to
repel the invading enemy."

And on the south side —

"This stone was placed by His Royal Highness,
Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, i8th Sept., 1860."

The spot where Col. Macdonell fell has lately
been marked by a brass tablet placed on an immense
boulder on the site of the Redan Battery about half
way down the mountain.

"Near this .spot Lieut. -Col. John Macdonell, At-
torney-General of Upper Canada, was mortally woun-
ded, 1 3th Oct., 1812.

Krected by Lundy's Lane Historical Society,
1906."

A brass tablet inside the monument has the fol-
lowing inscription : —

"In a vault underneath are deposited the mortal
remains of the lamented Major General Sir Isaac
Brock, K. B., who fell in action near these Heights on
the I3th Oct., 1812, and was interred on the i6th
Oct. at the bastion of Fort George, Niagara, removed
from there and re-interred under a monument to the
eastward of this site on the I3th Oct., 1824, and in
consequence of that monument having received irrepar-
able injury by a lawless act on the iyth Apr., 1840, it
was found requisite to take down the former structure
and erect this monument, the foundation stone being
laid and the remains again re-interred with due solem-
nity, I3th Oct., 1853."

On carefully reading the inscription placed at the

entrance it was discovered that a strange mistake has
been made and it is almost incredible that this has
never been noticed and that it has been allowed to re-
main in "enduring brass" all these years, the date of
the destruction of the monument, being given as 1838,
instead of 1840.

"A monument was originally erected on this spot
by a grant from the Parliament of this Province, and
subsequently destroyed in the year 1838. The present
monument was erected chiefly by the voluntary contri-
butions of the militia and Indian warriors of this Pro-
vince, aided by a grant from the Legislature, the auth-
ority for erecting the same being delegated to a com-
mittee consisting of the following gentlemen : Sir Allan
Napier MacNab, Bart., Chairman ; Sir John Beverley
Robinson, Bart., Sir James Buchan Macaulay, Knt.,
the Honble. Mr. Justice McLean, the Hon. William
Hamilton Merritt, M.P.P., Thomas Clark Street, Esq.,
Col. the Hon. James Kerby, Lieut. -Col. Daniel Mac-
dougall, David Thorburn, M.P.P., Lieut. Garrett, late
49th Regt., Col. Robert Hamilton, Capt. H. Munro,
Secretary, T. G. Ridout, Esq., Treasurer, William Tho-
mas, architect, John Worthington, builder."

ST. DAVIDS.

In the graveyard around the Methodist Church are
many old stones with no -name, or the stones chipped
so as to be undecipherable. The name which appears
most frequently is that of Woodruff, but the oldest
date is Solomon Quick, who died in 1823, but many
were buried here before that date, as St. Davids had a
mill in 1782, and the village was burnt by the Ameri-
cans in 1814. Here is the grave of David Secord, of
whom many stories of daring deeds are told in the Re-
volutionary War, and from wrhom the village received
its name.

"In memory of Major David Secord, who died
1844, aged 85, also Mary Page, his wife."

David Secord was a magistrate in 1796, and a
member of the Legislative Assembly, U. C., in 1811.
His claim for compensation for property burnt in the
war was nearly £5000, as he owned many buildings.

He was a Sergeant in Butler's Rangers and fought in
the Revolutionary War.

Ezekiel Woodruff died in 1837, aged 73, and
Samuel Woodruff in 1824. Richard Woodruff, born in
1784, died in 1872, was a member of Parliament. His
daughter is thus commemorated, recalling the name of
a celebrated railway king :

"In memory of Margaret Ann, wife of Samuel
Zimmerman, daughter of Richard Woodruff, died 1851,
aged 23."

Mr. Zimmerman was first buried at his home,
Niagara Falls, but the body was afterwards re-interred
in the vault prepared by him for his wife and sister.
His name does not appear on the monument at St.
Davids.

John Baptist Clement, died in 1833, and Mary
Secord, wife of Wm. A. Woodruff, born 1818, died 1895.
An old stone has an inscription almost destitute of
capital letters :

"Jane wife of John Prest, queenston late a native
of sennington yorkshire England died in 1831."

A monument near the church to Ursen Harvey,
born in 1800, has also the names of his twot wives,
Ksther and Caroline. Mr. Harvey was the father of
Mrs. J. G. Currie, who, has given us the life of Laura
Ingersoll Secord and so many interesting reminiscences
of St. Davids' old settlers.

The names of Wadsworth, Clement, Crysler and
Clyde occur frequently. Many of these early settlers
lived to a great age as William Crysler, died 1824,
aged 92 ; Anne Clement Woodruff, born 1788, died 1878,
aged 90 years, while Richard Woodruff, her husband,
died 1872, aged 88. Major Adam Brown of Queenston,
died 1874, aged 76. Col. Joseph Clement, died 1867,
aged 76, and his wife aged 80. Maria Dewy, relict of
the late Deacon Jacob Beam, died 1881, aged 88 years.

The name Secord is found frequently, as Azubah
Hutt, wife of Philip Secord, aged 79. Riall Secord
was evidently named from Gen. Riall of Lundy's Lane
fame. Many rough, unshaped stones without letter or
figure tell of those troublous times when the exigencies
of war or refugee privations prevented the elaborate
epitaphs of another period.

45
WARNER'S GRAVEYARD.

In the Warner family plot about two miles from
St. Davids, are found the names of many U. E. Loyal-
ists. Here again the surface lettering in the old stones
is chipped off. There is a small frame church, now
unused, which replaced an older one, built in 1801, the
first Methodist church in the peninsula. A stone wall
had surrounded the enclosure, the remains of which
may yet be seen. One of the oldest stones is that to
Stephen Secord, who died in 1808, aged 49. We find
from early records that in the census taken by Col.
John Butler at Niagara in 1783, the name Secord oc-
curs more frequently than any other, as Peter, John,
James, Thomas, Stephen. In Butler's Rangers there
were seven Secords, and the Stephen Secord buried here
was one of these. William B. Secord died in 1881, aged
83. We know from other records that John Secord was
living near Niagara in 1782, and that the first white
child born there was Daniel Secord. William Van
Every died in 1832, aged 67, and Elizabeth, his wife,
born Dec., 1764, died 1857. A pathetic story is told
of members of the Van Every family and others in
Ryerson's U. E. Loyalists.

Several German names occur, as :

"In memory of Dinah, wife of Jacob Hostetter,
second daughter of Joseph and Mary Van Every."

And near this is a stone to Margaret Clow, wife
of Daniel Ostrander, died 1824.

"In memory of Nancy, wife of Malum Swayze,
born 1800, died 1828."

The Christian names Lois and Charity, Asel and
Christian, Peter, Stephen and David, frequently occur.

James Durham, dying in 1832, attained the ripe
age of 85.

In a square enclosed by a brick and stone wall are
three old grey monumental stones, one to Jemima Hill,
who died in 1817, aged 18 ; another to "Mary Mar-
garet, Dufelt, relict of the late Joseph Clement, died
1845, aged 80."

Another stone and iron enclosure has an old grey
double stone to two children of Robert and Margaret
McKinley, who died in 1811 and 1813 respectively.

A monument to Margaret A. Berninger, wife of
Robert McKinley, torn 1769, died 1860, aged 91.

The name Warner occurs again and again, and here
are also besides those mentioned, Cain, Collard, etc.
Christian Warner and Joseph Van Every were born here
in 1809.

The first Methodist class-meeting in this district
met at the house of Christian Warner, 1788, and the
church was built in 1801.

HOMER, OR TEN MILE CREEK.

Two miles from St. Catharines is an old grave-
yard where were buried many of the U. E. Loyalists.
Six stately elms stand in a line at one side, while one
lies prone near them.

How few of those who fell when Niagara was cap-
tured, 27th May, 1813, have their names in consecrated
ground, but here, unexpectedly, we find the name of one :

"Erected in memory of George Grass, who was
killed in the battle of Fort George, May 27th, 1813,
aged 24 years."

A tablet in St. Mark's, Niagara, gives the names
of four, the stone at Chautauqua marks the burial place
of three unknown British soldiers who fell in that bat-
tle, and this of George Grass is the only other one we
know of.

Here are found the names of many of the Secord
family as —

"In memory of Solomon Secord, late Lieut, in
Butler's Corps of Rangers, who departed this life Jan.
22, 1799, aged 43 years."

A large altar tomb has the inscription —

"Capt. Jacob Ball, died July 24th, 1820, aged 43
years . ' '

Another beside it —

"Elizabeth, wife of Jacob Ball, born 1790, died
1862."

We find from early records that Jacob Ball, the
father, came in 1782 with his three sons, Peter, Jacob
and John. A fourth son, George, came in 1784. They
received a grant of land of 1,000 acres and there is still
in possession of the Ball family in the township, 750
acres.

The names of Stull and Goring, Secord, Ball and
Schram occur again and again and the fondness for
scripture names of the Puritans is shewn as Seth and
Charity, Solomon, David and Jacob. Very often a
verse with halting rhyme, metre or syntax, closes the
inscription. A double stone is divided perpendicularly
for two inscriptions to husband and wife, a young
couple aged 24 and 37 respectively. Below the words :

"As God together did us join,
So He did part us for a time.
But now we both together lies
Till Christ shall call us to arise."

Very few give the place of birth, but those given
are far distant, as Yorkshire, Nova Scotia, Vermont.

"In memory of George Read, who was born at
Brenton, in Yorkshire, England, 1763, and came to
New York in 1773, to Canada in 1784, and departed
this life Feb., 1834."

1784 was, we know, the year of the coming of the
U. E. Loyalists.

"In memory of Margaret, wife of Col. Peter Hare,
and formerly wife of Lieut. Solomon Secord, died 1851,
aged 87 years. Erected by Mrs. R. Henery. My moth-
er's grave."

ST. GEORGE'S CHURCH, ST. CATHARINES,

This is an old cemetery ; we knowr of one at least
buried here in 1812, but many bodies have been
removed to the new cemetery, but we still find traces
of many of the early settlers. In the life of Hon. Wm.
Hamilton Merritt is frequently mentioned Shipman's
Corners, (near St. Catharines,) and here is the name of
its founder :

"In memory of Paul Shipman, born 1756, died
1825, aged 69 years."

From him St. Paul street was named.

Here is also the record of the father of the pro-
jector of the Welland Canal :

"In memory of Thomas Merritt, Esq., Cornet ot
the Queen's Rangers under Col. Simcoe during the
American Revolution, and Major commanding the cav-
alry on this frontier in the war of 1812. Appointed
Surveyor of Woods and Forests on 2oth May, 1800,

and Sheriff of the Niagara District, 5th October, 1003.
Departed this life 1 2th May, 1842, aged 83."

The next inscription brings up the thought of the
heroine, Laura Ingersoll Secord :

"In memory of Maria, relict of the late Charles
Ingersoll, of Ingersoll, second daiighter of Thomas and
Mary Merritt, died 1850."

It is sometimes forgotten that the town of Inger-
soll was named after Charles Ingersoll.

In the journal of W. H. Merritt the name of his
wife's father and mother frequently occur.

"In memory of Penelope, wife of Dr. J. Prender-
gast, born 1774, in South Kingston, State of Rhode Is-
land, died at the residence of her son-in-law, William
Hamilton Merritt."

"To the memory of Jedidiah Prendergast, M. D.,
who was born in Duchess County, N. Y., died at his
residence in Mayville, 1848."

This name occurs as one of the proprietors of the
Niagara Library of 1800 — 1820. He then lived at
Youngstown, N. Y. A large monument has this short
inscription : —

"Commodore Job Northrop, a native of Wood-
bridge, Ct., born 1787, died 1833. He was noble
hearted, generous and humane."

The monument was brought all the way from New
Haven, Ct. In the memoir of Hon. W. H. Merritt,
Com. Northrop is mentioned as generous and even
lavish, driving fast horses, giving gocd dinners, spending
money prodigally. Employed in the Bolivian service,
on his return his role seemed to be to spend money.
When his horses ran away the vehicle was given to the
finder, and to his daughter, after playing a tune on the
piano, a bank note was often given.

"Sacred to the memory of the late Reverond
Lewis Williams, a native of Hallan, Caermarthenshire,
South Wales, England, who labored a faithful minister
and servant of God at this place for several years, de-
parted this life 26th Sept., 1822, in his 63rd year,
much lamented."

"Here lieth the body of Rev. Richard Lyons Mc-
Arthur, M. A., Trinity College, Dublin, and for some

months curate of St. George's church in this town,
departed this life 1857."

"Caroline, daughter of James and Caroline Gor-
don, died 1814."

"In memory of Sarah, widow of Wm. Dunimor
Powell, died 1834, aged 54."

This must have been the wife of W. D. Powell, the
lawyer, of Queenston, and one of the ten who formed the
first Law Society in 1797, in U. Canada. From a let-
ter in the possession of the Niagara Historical Society
from Queenston, 1801, to Robert Nelles, 40 Mile Creek
(now Grimsby,) we learn that the couple had eloped and
driven all the way to Niagara to be married by Rev.
R. Addison, and the letter written to thank Col. and
Mrs. Nelles for their help also speaks of the fatiguing
ride to Niagara.

ST. CATHARINES CEMETERY.

To this • comparatively modern cemetery m any-
bodies have been brought from private graveyards, or
others being destroyed by the march of improvement.
On an old grey stone may be read :

"In memory of Mrs. Hannah Frey, widow of the
late Capt. Bernard Frey, who died 1834, aged 76."

On another, close by, .a well-known incident of the
war of 1812 is recorded :

"Sacred to the memory of Capt. B. Frey, of his
Majesty's late Corps of Butler's Ratigers, who wj-is
killed by a cannon shot at Niagara, 22nd day of Nov-
ember, 1812, aged 58."

The story is that he had picked up a cannon ball
from the. street and was carrying it under his arm when
a spent ball from Fort Niagara struck that under bis
arm and he died in consequence, but without a wound.
Part of the Frey family remained in the U. S., while
this member preferred to join the U. K. ly.'s in Canada

Some well-known names follow, as

"In memory of Stephen A. Secord, died 1884,
aged 83."

Samuel Street died at Thorold, 1854, aged 62.

"Sarah Street, beloved wife of John Gustavus
Stevenson, died 1861, aged 37."

"In memory of Sarah Ingersoll, wife of Henry
Mittleberger, born 1807, died 1826."

"In memory of William Street Servos, born 1787,
died 1857, and Catharine Ball, his wife, born 1790, died

1875."

The bodies of the last two were removed from the
Servos burying ground when the farm was sold.

An unpretentious stone records the projector of
the Welland Canal ; that monument to his energy and
foresight is quite near :

"Hon. Wm. Hamilton Merritt, born July 3rd,
1793, died July 7th, 1862."

"Catharine Rodman Prendergast, beloved wife of
Hon. W. H. Merritt, born 1793, died Jan. loth, 1862."

It is remarkable that husband and wife were born
in the same year and died in the same year.

Hon. W. H. Merritt was Captain of Dragoons
raised in the war of 1812, was taken prisoner at Ivun-
dy's Lane and was not released till the close of the war.

Two "beloved physicians" rest here :

"Theophulus Mack, M.D., died 1881, aged 61.
The wise, beloved physician, the faithful friend of the
poor and suffering, he met death in conscious serenity,
trusting with undoubting faith in the promises of the
Redeemer. 'And I heard a voice write, blessed are the
dead.' "

On the other side, "Galea Spes salutis."

"In memory of Chas. Rolls, born at Prines 'Mas-
ton, Warwickshire, England, 1785, died 1867, also
Henry Rolls, M.D., 1814-1887."

A monument to the father of Dr. Clark, who pre-
serves the manuscript journal kept by his father, Col.
Clark, from which have been gleaned many interesting
particulars of early life in this province :

"In memory of Lieut. Col. John Clark, Canada
Militia, born at Kingston, IT. C., 1786, died at Walnut
dale farm, Grantham, C. W., 1862, also his wife,
Sarah Adams, born at Oueenston, U. C., 1791, died
1864."

A large enclosure is sacred to the families of St.
John and Phelps as Lois St. John, wife of Samuel St.
John, mother of Abigail Phelps, of Kent, Conn., born
1756, died 1849, aged 93."

Orton Stone Phelps, 1812-1837, and Oliver
Phelps of Conn., born 1779, died 1851."

A large vault has the name of Thomas Burns, the
son of Rev. Jno. Burns, minister of Niagara and Stam-
ford. Another has that of Richard Miller, Q.C.

TURKEY GRAVEYARD.

About two miles from St. Catharines lie the re-
mains of this family, in which there were two famous
soldiers, although here their names are not recorded.
Particulars of the first are found in a memorial in the
Canadian Archives.

"John Turney, lieutenant in Butler's Rangers,
born in Co. Down, Ireland, 1744, enlisted in King's 8th
Regt., served as sergeant in Germany and America, and
promoted to Butler's Rangers." In his memorial giv-
ing his services he says : "They (the Rangers) were Bri-
tons and the descendants of Britons - and trained
to arms, determined to transmit to posterity the
rights that are dear to man, or nobly perish in the de-
fence of our King, and God, who never forsakes His
people, brought us through many dangers and trials."

His son, Capt. George Turney, of the 2nd Lincoln
Militia, was killed at the battle of Chippawa, 5th July,
1814, that day so disastrous to our forces. The namo
was originally written Torney.

STAMFORD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

The Presbyterian Church of Stamford was organ-
ized over a century ago, but unfortunately the early
records are not complete. The church was built in 1787,
ranking next to the Mohawk church near Brantford, the
iirst church built in Ontario, but was replaced by the
present one. One of the oldest graves has .this inscrip-
tion ;

"In memory of Leah, consort of John Rowe, who
departed this life Sept. 5th, 1793, aged 25 years."

John Rowe must apparently have soon taken an-
other helpmate, who also died young :

"In memory of Mary, consort of John Rowe, who
departed this life Mar. 4th, 1797, aged 22 years."

Capt. John Rowe, 2nd Lincoln Militia, was killed

at Chippawa, 5th July, 1814, and was formerly a ser-
geant in Butler's Rangers.

The following shows not only the early settlement
of Stamford township, but the strength of the bond be-
tween master and servant in those early days, as shown
by fifty years of service.

"In memory of Samuel Montgomery, who
departed this life 28th October, 1838, in the 8yth year
of his age. He was a native of County Down, Ireland,
and emigrated to America in the year 1768, and set-
tled in Stamford, district of Niagara, in 1788, in the
family of the late Archibald Thompson, where he
resided till his death."

Another tombstone tells of James Thomson, a
native of Roxburgh, Scotland, who settled in Stamford
in 1785, dying in 1831, aged eighty. The epitaphs of
eighty years ago sometimes show an originality in
orthography and syntax, as :

"In memory of Susanna McMicking, who departed
this life Sept. nth, 1821, aged 30 years.

Epetaf S. II.
Underneath this stone doth ly
As much beauty as could die
Which when alive did vigger give
To as much virtue as could live."

"In memory of Thomas McMicking, who was
born April nth, 1750, died Feb. nth, 1830, in the
8oth year of his age.

Stop passenger upon the road
Don't overlook this shrine
For if thou art a friend of God
Here lies a friend of thine."

"In memory of James Middaugh, who departed
this life June, 1839, aged 79 years.

farewell my wife my
life is past — my love to
you so long did last, but
now no sorrow for me
take, belove my children
for my sake."

Here is another mosaic of history :

"Sacred to the memory of Daniel Keith, who died
28th Aug., 1824, by a fall from General Sir Isaac
Brock's monument, aged 25."

The tragedy recorded above must have occurred
during the erection of the first monument.

"In memory of Captain Giles Hall, who departed
this life Nov. 2nd, 1816, aged 67."

No doubt a veteran of the war of 1812, and the
next a U. E. Loyalist :

"In memory of Dorothy, wife of Abraham Vroo-
man, Senior, who was born in the State of New Jer-
sey, April i6th, 1768, and died Oct. I2th, 1820, aged
52."

To Andrew Murray, who died on the Atlantic :

"In memory of a loved one
Who was both true and kind,
For health upon the ocean
He sought but could not find."

The faithful pastor for almost thirty years is thus
commemorated :

"In memory of the Rev. John Russell, D.D., pas-
tor of the Associate Presbyterian congregation of Stam-
ford, who died Mar. 3rd, 1854, in the 58th year of his
age, and 28th of his ministry. 'After he had served
this generation by the will of God he fell on sleep' ; 'Be
thou faithful unto death and I will give thee a crown of
life.'

Requiescat in Pace."

This congregation is believed to be the only one in
Canada of the kind and is in connection with churches of
the U. S. In the Session book it is called the Associ-
ate Presbyterian Society.

A teacher and preacher is buried here, though no
stone marks the grave— -Rev. John Burns, the first
teacher of the Grammar School in Niagara, founded
1.808. He was a Presbyterian minister and officiated in
St. Andrew's church, Niagara, and in Stamford between
1805 and 1817. Indeed, a sermon of his has been
printed, preached to encourage his people to defend
their country in the war of 1812.

Of the Thomas McMicking referred to it is said in
his obituary, "he came from Galloway, Scotland, to
New York, fought in the Revolutionary war, received a

grant of land in 1783, and was an elder in the Presby-
terian church for 30 years."

The monument of one who occupied many import-
ant positions as a leading merchant, a member of Par-
liament, Warden of the County for many years, has this
very modest inscription :

"David Thorburn,

Born in Roxburgshire, Scotland, died at Queen-
ston, 1862, in his 73rd year."

In an enclosure there are eight Thomsons, all
born at the Whirlpool and most of them died there, the
first born in 1819.

"Archibald Thompson, 1800 — 1892."

"John Chisholm, emigrated to Canada 1779, born
1746, died 1830." This must have been one of the ear-
liest of the United Kmpire Loyalists to come to this
country.

A good soldier of the late Queen, as well as of his
Heavenly Master, here found burial :

"Jas. Munro, Corporal of 93rd Highlanders, from
Tain, Scotland, died 1845, aged 31. He was a good
soldier of Jesus Christ, expert in using the sword of
the Spirit in defence of the truth of the Gospel, which he
adorned by a becoming conversation."

"Peter McMicking, a native of Colmonell, Scot-
land, died 1823, aged 83." This was a United Empire
Loyalist, as were Dorothy Bowman, born 1758, died
1 86 1, aged 83, and Abraham Adam, born 1768 — the
one from the Mohawk river, and the other from New
Jersey. Other names which are found here are Niven,
Parker, Carnochan and Wallace.

ST. JOHN'S ANGLICAN CHURCH.

This church was built in Stamford in 1825, when
Sir Peregrine Maitland had his residence in this beauti-
ful spot, an ideal Knglish village, its village green, still
sacred to football and other games, it is said was laid
out by the Governor. The records of the church as kept
by Rev. Wm. Leeming from 1818 to 1837, are com-
plete. None of the inscriptions are so old as those of
the church nearly opposite, as 1833 was the oldest date
found here.

Here is another bit of history of a later date, that
of the Fenian Raid of 1866 :

"Pro Patria ac Regina

John Herriman Mewbuiu, Toronto University
Rifles, 2nd Battalion, Queen's Own, only son of Harmon
Chiltern Mewburn, killed at Linieridge, June 2nd, 1866,
fighting in defence of his native land against Fenian
invaders, aged 21 years."

This w^s the son of Dr. Mewburn, who, with other
students, went from examination halls. The Univer-
sity Company lost most heavily, three of the number,
giving up thoir young lives, Mewburn, McKenzie, Tem-
pest.

"In memory of the Hon. Jacob ^Emelius Irving
of Ironshore, Jamaica, a member of the Legislative
Council of the Province of Canada, and formerly of the
1 3th Light Dragoons ; was wounded at Waterloo ; born
1797, died at Drummondville, 1856."

His widow died in her 9ist year. We are told in
a late paper of his fine literary taste, histrionic skill
and fine baritone voice. Drove four-in-hand from Bon-
shaw on Yonge St. He was the son of Paulus ^me-
lius Irving, who was at the capture of Quebec.

Another military man is buried here :

"In memory of Matthew Ottley, who died in 1845,
in his 72nd year. His early life was spent in H. M.
service, 23 years as paymaster of the 82nd Regt., came
to Canada in 1827.

"Sacred to the memory of Andrew Rorback, born
in New Jersey, Lieut. -Col. of 2nd Lincoln Regt., died
at Stamford 1843."

"In memory of Richard, son of late Rev. Bear-
mont Dixie, Rector of St. Peter's Derby, brother of the
late Baronet of that name, born 1782, died 1834."

"In memory of Robert H. Dee, who died in 1833."

There are in the church five memorial windows,
principally to the families of Dee and Mewburn.

John Mewburn, M.R.C.S., died at Danby House,
Stamford ; Thos. Wilson, Commander R. N.

LUNDY'S LANE.

What memories cluster round this spot ! The
scene of a battle the most stubbornly contested in the
war of 1812, a burial ground before that date, and now
here stands a stately monument, an obelisk erected at
a cost of $5,000 by the Dominion Government, from the
persistent efforts of the I/undy's Ivane Historical Soci-
ety, headed by the Rev. Canon Bull as President, and
James Wilson, Secretary. The inscription reads :

"Erected by the Canadian Parliament in honor of
the victory gained on 25th July, 1814, by the British
and Canadian forces, and in grateful remembrance of
the brave men who died on the field of battle fighting
for the Unity of the British Empire." The ground
was given for a graveyard by Miss Jennie McKenzie's
grandfather.

Close by is a beautiful church, built by the muni-
ficent gift of the late Win. I/owell, the roar of Niagara's
torrent lending its voice as an everlasting requiem to
those who lie here on Drummond's Hill. Why has the
name of the village been changed from Drummondville
to Niagara Falls South, making the confusion of names
only more confounded ? To this neglected graveyard,
that of the village and not of the church, at one time
weed grown, with thorns and briars contesting for su-
premacy, perhaps is due much of the historical work
done in the last two decades of years. Rev. Canon Bull
and Mr. Fenwick, High School teacher, formed an His-
torical Society and commenced with work nearest at
hand, putting in order the grounds. Meetings were held,
the public interested, historical pamphlets written, Par-
liament petitioned, till at last the monument was erect-
ed, and in the vault lie the remains of several officers
and men which have been re-interred with fitting honors.
How different now the scene from that night when men
came from the harvest field to help on that field of
blood, where the next day a funeral pile of the dead was
consumed in smoke and flame. And here on this battle
field let military heroes have precedence.

"Sacred to the memory of Lieut. Col. the Hon.
Cecil Bishopp, 1st Foot Guards, and inspecting officer
in U. C., eldest and only surviving son of Sir Cecil

Laura Secord's Monument.

Bishopp, Bart., Baron de la Zouche in England. After
having served with distinction in the British army in
Holland, Spain and Portugal, he died on the i6th July,
1813, in consequence of wounds received in action with
the enemy at Black Rock, the I3th of the same month,
to the great grief of his family and friends, and is buried
here. This tomb, erected at the time by his brother
officers, becoming very much dilapidated, is now, 1816,
renewed by his affectionate sisters, the Baroness de la
Zouche and the Hon. Mrs. Peckell in memorial of an
excellent man and beloved brother."

In the parish church of his far off English^ home
in Parham, Sussex, is a tablet recalling the circum-
stances of his death and burial :

"His pillow not of sturdy oak,
His shroud a soldier's simple cloak,
His dirge will sound till time's no more,
Niagara's loud and solemn roar.
There Cecil lies — say — where the grave
More worthy of a Briton brave ?"

And this recalls other lines on the same hero —

"Where sleers the young and brave,
And shed one tear on Cecil's grave."

"Thomas Teskey, 1822—1893. They shall awake
in everlasting life."

"Druzella Lymburner. Weep not, she is not dead
but sleepeth."

"Peter Cunningham. Thou shall call : I will an-
swer thee. — Job 14 : 15."

'To the memory of Lieut. Col. Gordon and Capt.
Torrens of the Royals, killed at Fort Erie during the
campaign of 1814. Erected by Major Barry Fox, late
of said Regt., their friend and companion, June 2oth,
1851."

Here must have been a real friendship after nearly
forty years, showing the falsity of Swinburne's line :
"What love was ever as deep as the grave ?"

"Sacred to the memory of Robert Dossie Patter-
son, Captain of the 6th Regt. of Infantry, Royal 1st
Warwickshire, who, after serving under Sir John Moore
and the Duke of Wellington, throughout the Peninsular
War, fell before Fort Erie at the age of 26, Sept, jyth,
1814."

,59

"Sacred to the memory of Lieut. Wm. Hemphill,
of the Royals, who fell at the battle of Lundy's Lane
on the 25th July, 1814. This stone was placed by his
son, Lieut. -Col. Hemphill, of the 26th Cameronians,
July i7th, 1854."

So far as known there is only one American buried
here, but in their nameless graves lie here peacefully
those who fought as foes that hot July day, alternately
holding the hill till midnight, when our men were left in
possession.

"Here lies the body of Abraham E. Hull, Captain
in the 9th Regt. of TJ. S. Infantry, who fell near this
spot in the battle of Bridgewater, July 25th, 1814,
aged 28 years."

There was a large gathering to witness the cere-
mony of re-interring the remains of American soldiers,
and the unique spectacle of this international funeral,
for both U. S. and Canadian soldiers took part. The
inscription reads :

"The remains of nine soldiers of the 9th Regiment
of United States Infantry. Killed at Lundy's Lane,
July 25th, 1814, Re-interred Oct. I9th, 1901."

In American histories the battle of Lundy's Lane
is called Bridgewater.

"In memory of Philip Chesman Delatre, late
Lieut. -Col. in the British army, born 1777, died 1848."

"In memory of Major Richard Leonard, formerly
of H. M. I04th Lt. Infantry, who died Oct., 1833."

"In memory of Alex. Ross, No. 2 Co., 93rd
Highlanders, who died nth Oct., 1846, aged 24 years.
This monument is erected by his comrades as a token
of their respect."

"Sacred to the memory of Duncan Elphinstone
Todd, Esq., late a Captain in Her Majesty's 37th Regt.
of foot, who died Oct., 1837, aged 30 years."

Another page of history is unrolled by the two
following inscriptions referring to two on opposite
sides, each illtreated in the troublous times of misrule
leading to or during the Rebellion :—

"In memory of Robert Randall, Esq., M.P.P., the
victim of Colonial Misrule, who died May 2nd, 1834,
aged 66 years."

In Lindsay's life of W. L. McKenzie in an impas-

60 .

sioned speech occurs the name of Randall as a victim.

"Here rests in the hope of a joyful resurrection the
mortal remains od Edgeworth Ussher, Esq., whose de-
votion to his sovereign and exertions in the cause of his
country at a critical period in the history of Canada
marked him out as an object of the vengeance of the
enemies of peace and good order, by whom he was
cruelly assassinated on the night of the i6th Nov.,
1838, in his own house near Chippawa, at the early age
of 34 years, leaving a wife and four children to mourn
their irreparable loss."

But are there no inscriptions to the mothers of
our land ? First let us give that on an unpretentious
stone, but which none the less records the name of a
heroine indeed : — Laura Secord, who, when Niagara was
in the hands of the Americans and a force was sent to
Beaverdams to cut off our small force there, walked
nineteen miles through mud and mire, in danger from
marauders, red or white, wild beasts as well, to give
warning, and thus helped to bring about the surrender
of the attacking force. These simple words — no more,
were all that marked, till lately, the heroine's grave :

"Here rests Laura Secord, beloved wife of James
Secord, died Oct. iyth, 1868, aged 93 years."

But in the summer of 1901 was unveiled a bronze
bust on a stone pedestal with an inscription that tells
the story :

"To perpetuate the name and fame of Laura Se-
cord, who, on the 23rd of June, 1813, walked alone
nearly twenty miles by a circuitous, difficult and peril-
ous route through woods and swamps, over miry roads,
to warn a British outpost at De Cew's Falls of an
intended attack, and thereby enabled Lieutenant Fitz-
Gibbon, on the 24th June, 1813, with less than fifty
men of Her Majesty's 49th Regiment, about 15 mili-
tiamen and a similar force of Six Nations and other In-
dians under Captains William Johnson, Kerr and Dom-
inique Ducharme to surprise and attack the enemy at
Beechwood or Beaver Dams, and after a short engage-
ment to capture Col. Boerstler, of the U. S. army, and
his entire force of 542 men with two field pieces. This
monument, erected by the Ontario Historical Society
from contributions of schools, societies, Her Majesty's

49th Regiment, other militia organizations and private
individuals, was unveiled 22nd of June, 1901."

The honor of first starting the scheme is due to
Rev. Canon Bull of the Lundy's Lane Historical Society.
It languished for some time, but was finally taken up
by the Ontario Historical Society, and the chief honor
is due Mrs. Thompson, the convener of the committee,
by whose energy and zeal it has been carried out so
successfully in the midst of many difficulties, carrying
out the dying wishes of the late lamented Mrs. Curzon,
whose writings first drew attention to the deeds of
Laura Secord. Hundreds of children contributed their
mites, the idea being to have it a free will offering and
not to ask for a government grant.

"In memory of Mary Karl, grand-daughter of Sir
William Johnson, Bart., who died loth of April, 1820,
aged 20 years, 6 months."

This last is on the Street lot.

"Erected by the Presbyterians of Drummondville
to the memory of Marion Watson, the beloved wife of
Rev. Wm. Dickson, who died 24th of April, 1859, aged
32 vears. 'A woman who feareth the Lord she shall be
praised.' Prov. 31, 30."

The first interment in this cemetery is supposed to
have been that recorded below :

"In memory of John Burch, Esq., who departed
this life March 7th, 1797, aged 55."

The name Street is well represented here, as well
as in the neighborhood as Street's Mills, Street's Is-
land, etc. Samuel Street was the wealthiest man of
the district.

"Sacred to the memory of Samuel Street, of the
Niagara Falls, Born at Farmington, Connecticut, March
I4th, 1775. He settled in this district A.D. 1790, and
died August 2ist, 1844."

The name of Thankful, Nehemiah and Abigail
Street are found, also Thomas Clark Street, M. P., who
died at Clark's Mills. The husband of Laura Secord,
who was wounded at Queenston Heights, is thus
recorded :

"In memory of James Secord, Collector of Cus-
toms, who departed this life 22nd February, 1841, aged
68."

CHIPPAWA

The graveyard round Trinity Church is evidently
old, as around the three sides may be seen the stumps
of rows of immense trees which from their weather
worn appearance must have been cut down long ago.
From the fact of this having been the scene of a battle
we might expect to find the graves of many military
men, but evidently these had all been "heaped and pent,
rider and horse, in one red burial blent," for here they
are not found. The names most frequently occurring
are well known to those who have studied the early
history of this old settlement, Cummings, Clark,
Street, Macklem, McMicking, Kirkpatrick. Here are
found names showing foreign origin as Rapelje, Hugoe,
Ives, Vinnidy, Bliling, Shoemacker, Sibbit, etc.

Close to the church in an enclosure covered closely
with vines are two handsome headstones commemorat-
ing the first minister, whose register of births, deaths
and marriages from 1820 to 1837 has lately been found.

"Sacred to the memory of Rev. Wm. Leeming,
late rector of this parish, who was appointed a mis-
sionary to Canada by the society for the Propagation
of the Gospel in Foreign parts in March, 1820 ; born
Feb. 25th, 1787 ; died June 1st, 1863. Thy will be
done."

"Sacred to the memory of Margaret Hickson, for
thirty years and upwards the affectionate wife of Wm.
Leeming, first minister here, born Oct. 2ist, 1777,
died April 6th, 1853."

In a large square enclosure of stone and iron are
two of the old altar tombstones :

"Sacred to the memory of Thomas Clark, a na-
tive of Dumfries, Scotland, who died in 1837, aged 67,
and for more than twenty years was an independent
member of the Legislative Council of this province,
having lived in this province from its earliest settle-
ment, and by persevering industry and strict integrity
procured for him general respect, while his kind disposi-
tion and becoming deportment endeared him to nume-
rous friends, by wrhom his death will be long and deeply
lamented. His sisters, in grateful recollection of their
affectionate brother, have erected this tablet to his
memory."

That to his wife is in similar form with a short
and simple inscription :

"Sacred to the memory of Mary Margaret Clark,
wife of the Honorable Thomas Clark, and daughter of
Robert Kerr, Esq., late Surgeon of the militia depart-
ment in this province, who died in 1837, aged 45."

In another enclosure :

"In memory of Thomas Macklem, fifth son of
James and I/ydia Macklem, born at Chippawa, 1817,
died at Magnolia, East Florida, 1859."

On the other side, "James Cummings, eldest child
of Thomas C. and Caroline Macklem. Drowned in the
Niagara river at Clark Hill, and whose body unhappily
was not recovered. His mother, thus denied the con-
solation of laying it near his father, has caused this
inscription to be placed here to commemorate his birth.
1852, and his melancholy death, May 6th, 1860."

In another enclosure are inscriptions :

"In memory of James Cummings, born 1789,
died 1875, and Sophia, his wife, born 1800, died 1878,
also Ann Macklem, his sister, born 1800, died 1886."

James Cummings was the son of Thomas Cum-
mings, the first settler at Chippawa, coming in 1784,
being town clerk, Justice of the Peace, performing
marriages in that capacity. The books kept from 1796
by him and his son James are models of neatness and
methodical habits.

Another large enclosure of stone and iron with
many tombstones :

"In memoriam Oliver T. Macklem, fourth son of
James and Lydia Macklem. On a square pedestal is a
marble female figure, life size, "to the eldest daughter of
James and Adelaide Macklem, died at Toronto, 1889,
aged 25."

One soldier's grave was found :

"In memory of Adam Ormsbry, Esq., late Major
of the 3rd Dragoon Guards, who died 9th October,
1835."

On old stones are inscriptions of J. Kirkpatrick,
1831, and Jane Cockroft, his wife, and a late one to
Mary Howat Hurrell, daughter of John Kirkpatrick,
also Mary Other McMicking, beloved wife of George
McMicking.

As showing distant place of birth :

"Thomas Craine, born in Douglas, Isle of Man,
and I/udwig Billing and Frederick, wife of Ludwig
Bliling."
PRESBYTERIAN GRAVEYARD, CHIPPAWA

Here the names are almost all either of Scottish
or German origin, the former predominating, as Men-
zies, Meiklejohn, McKenzie, Dobbie, Fleming, Gowan-
lock, Aberdeen and Flett, Kister, L,ehrback, Oeppling,
IvUtes, Snider, Herber, and the places of birth, Dumbar-
ton, Stirling, Banff, Renfrew, South Carolina and Al-
sace, etc.

A granite monument is in memory of a valued
physician and dignitary of the church :

"In memory of" Robert Aberdeen, M.R.C.S.E ,
born in Bervie, Kincardineshire, Scotland ; born 1808.
died 1879."

Here is the record of a railway tragedy :

"Elizabeth, wife of John Copfer, killed by acci-
dent at Ashtabula, Ohio, Dec. 29th, 1876."

And two from the German fatherland :

"In memory of Nicholas Willick, died March 25th,
1894, aged 78, a native of Upper Alsace, Germany."

And on an iron cross :

"M. Herber, Gestorben, 7th January, 1862, 70
jahr, and H. Herber, Gestorben, 5th October, 1869,
79 jahr."

"Sacred to the memory of Thomas Fleming, a na-
tive of Lochwinnoch, Renfrewshire, Scotland, i8n —
1861."

In that to Jeanie Fleming, wife of Addison Wand,
is another example that the name of the first minister
of Niagara was kept in memory.

The name of Jason Mogge, son of Jason and Car-
oline Plato, recalls the name of the Plato graveyard
near Fort Erie.

One of the few verses in this graveyard is of a
higher order than the frequent doggerel :
"Now low in earth
That form of love decays unseen
Yet not forgot ;
Above in angel light arrayed
Beyond the stars
Some more exalted foim
His spirit wears."

65
THOROLD— DECEW'S

Near this was the spot, sought by Laura Secord
in her memorable walk, 23rd June, 1813. On a hill-
side is an old graveyard, some of the dates going back
to the time of the war.

"In memory of George Couke, who departed this
life Dec. 4th, 1812, aged 55."

His wife, buried beside him, must have survived
him many years, dying 1838, aged 86. We learn from
other sources that George Couke was a private in the
2nd Lincoln Militia.

Andrew Hansel, born 1747, died i6th May, 1818,
aged 70 ; and John Hansel, May 29th, 1813.

George Hoover died I5th February, 1827, aged
90.

In an iron fence enclosure with a large Aberdeen
granite monument :

"In memory of Jonathan Hagar, died October
loth, 1813, his wife Azubah, died 1847, aged 78."
Also Mahitable, daughter of Jonathan and Azubah
Hagar.

Mary Seburn and Stephen Seburn died in 1828
and 1830 respectively. The name Swayze, occurring in
the first Parliament, also the name given to a deli-
cious apple in this peninsula, is here found :

"In memory of Hannebel, son of Malum and
Mehitabel Swayze."

"Mary Swayze, wife of Hiram Swayze, died 1818,
aged 32. "^

Is this an ancestor of one of our missionaries in
China ?

"In memory of Thomas Goforth, died 1844, aged
88."

It is remarkable how few here give the place of
birth, but that below shows pride of country though
destitute, or almost so, of capital letters :

"Sacred to the memory of Wallace Bell, who de-
parted this life August 3ist, 1828, aged 35, he was a
native of colcleugh, northumberland, old england.

Here Wallace Bell lies in the dust

When his time comes to die he must."

The rest is indecipherable.

On one stone is the name of Jacob Hansel, and
on that beside it Israel Hansel, near them Oran Theal,
Zalmm Theal, and the names, Tuer, Marlatt, L,utz,
Metier, Griffiths, Hopkins are found, and among Chris-
tian names Ephraim, Andrew, Jacob, many reaching
extreme old age as 88, 93, etc. Many old stones are
chipped so as to be unreadable.

A short distance from this is the Decew Church,
with a graveyard of later date with the names of Det-
ler, Warner, Ash and Fawell, Merethew, Vanderburgh.
An inscription in German with the Knglish translation
below :

"Anna Marie Egister, Khefrau von Joseph
Zieglr gest 17 Mai 1874 alter 29 Jahre."

The verse following the next inscription rises
above the ordinary range.

"In memory of Rebecca, wife of Hugh James,
Sr., born in I/ocherea, Ireland, born 1775, died 1869,
aged 73.

Rest weary head,

Lie down to slumber in the peaceful tomb,
Light from above has broken through the gloom;
Here in the place where once thy Saviour lay
Where He shall wake thee in a future day
Like a tired child upon its mother's breast
Rest, sweetly rest."

LUTHERAN CHURCH

In the register kept by Rev. Wm. Deeming, of
Stamford and Chippawa, is often mentioned as the
place of marriage, burial or baptism, the "German
Church," and here near Thorold is the graveyard, al-
though the church no longer exists, as it was taken
down to make way for the new canal. Many of the
bodies buried here were removed to the beautiful new
cemetery, but the greater part of the old graveyard
remains. The site is fine, undulating ground, almost
hill and valley. While copying inscriptions in this city
of the dead it was strange to see a vessel passing so
close to us that we could hear every word spoken.

The church was built chiefly by the exertions of
George Keefer, whose history is the history of the early
days of Thorold, he having been the earliest settler.
His body was removed with the old stone which bears
the simple inscription :

"Sacred to the memory of George Keefer, born in
Sussex County, colony of New Jersey, Nov. 8th, 1773,
died at Thorold, June 28th, 1858, aged 84 years."

He was the director of the Welland Canal Co.,
and turned the first sod. In the history of Thorold are
the pictures of himself, his two wives, and fifteen child-
ren. His first wife was Catharine Lampman, and here
no doubt is a memorial of an ancestor of the gifted
poet Lampman, who died lately at Ottawa :

"In memory of Peter Lampman, who died in 1834,
aged 86. He came from New York to this province in
1783 with his family and has resided fifty years in the
township of Niagara. He was always a pious, faith-
ful and respectable member of the German Lutheran
Church."

In the marriage record of the Stamford Associate
Church nearly all the licenses were granted by Robert
Grant, Esq., and here is his grave :

"Sacred to the memory of Robert Grant, Esq.,
born at Inverness, Scotland, i6th Nov., 1776, died at
Queenston, U. C., i6th May, 1838. This monument is
erected by his daughter Christina, wife of Jacob Keefer,
Esq., of Thorold."

Here occur the well known names of Ball, Cle-
ment, Hoover, Seburn, Field, Ker.

Walter H. Ball died in 1822, and Jane Catharine
Ball in 1818, while Henry Clement Ball, born in 1789,
and Mary Ball, born in 1796, must have been born here
soon after the family came, in 1782 ; Charity Ann
Hoover was buried here in 1829, Margaret Hoover in
1826, and Jacob Ball in 1819.

ALLANBURG

The land for this graveyard was given to the vil-
lage by Mr. John Vanderburgh, who came in 1781, and
obtained 700 acres. The oldest grave is,

"In memory of Noah Davis, son of Wright Davis,
who departed this life Dec. 29th, 1813, aged 21 yrs."

"In memory of Mary Crysler, who departed this
life on the I4th Dec., 1815, in the 52nd year of her
age."

Deborah Davis, wife of Thaddeus Davis, died in
1818, aged 82, and Captain Davis, 1830, aged 55.
Across the street was an inscription to Major A. Up-

per, who died Sept. 2ist, 1853, aged 82, also Jos.
Upper, jr., aged 76."

The names of Crysler, Vanalstone, Upper,
Swayzie, Bump, Moshier, Walkinshaw, Rannie, are
found here.

WELLAND— BURGER'S

. Near Welland, close to the canal, is an old private
burying plot belonging to the Burger family, in which
is found great uniformity, as at least a dozen white
marble slabs can be seen with a weeping willow carved
at the top. The oldest interment is thus recorded :

"Sacred to the memory of Ann, wife of Joseph
Burger, born 1774, died 1814."

Joseph Burger himself was born 1773, died 1848,
and a second wife also, Ann, died 1833.

Joseph Priestman, aged 79, and Peter Burger and
many others of the same name lie here on this corner,
as it were, between the river and canal. Also near Wel-
land is the Farr burying place, where a Methodist
church formerly stood.

Here are buried Farrs and Browns, where now cat-
tle roam at will.

BROWN PLOT

Across the river is the home of Miss Brown who
has an interesting old account book dating back to
1793, showing accounts of a distillery in Chippaway as
it is spelled.

The great grandfather, L/ieut. Jno. Brown, was
one of the first settlers on the Welland river, fought at
die side of WTolfe at Quebec and assisted to carry him
from the field when wounded, as narrated by his grand-
daughter, and found stated in "Wolfeland," that he
was supported by Lieut. Brown of the Grenadiers ; a
young Irishman, born about 1739, and thus about
twenty. He returned to Ireland, married, came to New
Jersey and to Canada in 1789. On the Brown farm,
originally 300 acres, is the burial place of the old sol-
dier, a creek meanders its way, solemn pines wave their
branches, and an oak tree stands between the graves of
husband and. wife. A pathetic interest attaches to the
spot, for here an old negro and his wife who had faith-
fully nursed Capt. John Brown when ill with smallpox,

are buried. The son, Alexander Brown, who was in the
Incorporated Militia in 1812, is buried on the Farr
farm, and his son, Capt. John Brown, who was out in
the Rebellion, is interred at Fonthill.

FONTHILL— QUAKER GRAVEYARD

There are here two old Quaker graveyards, the
two meeting houses still stand, the one of brick, the
other a small frame building.

These early settlers, Mennonites and Quakers,
seemed to have carried out their ideas of plainness and
simplicity in their last resting place. Rows and rows
of low stones not more than a foot high above the
ground, but in some cases afoot square, sloping back,
the inscription merely name and age, not even the
birthplace is recorded, no titles, no praise, no high
sounding epitaph. There are a few attempts to ape mo-
dern ideas — higher stones and in one case a low gra-
nite monument dares to raise its head, showing that
modern ideas begin to prevail. In the oldest grave-
yard rows and rows of graves with nothing to mark
their identity, merely a rough common stone from the
field without even initials. A few low stones similar to
those in the last graveyard are seen. Frequently the
expression "9th month," "3rd month" occurs, instead
of our names of Latin origin. None of the stones with
names are very old, showing that in early days even
this slight mark of remembrance was condemned and
looked on as unnecessary. The oldest is to Kliza Carl,
died 1826. Many reached old age, as Thomas Spencer,
aged 88 ; Peter" Singer, died 1869, aged 81 ; Jacob
Gainer, born 1815, died 1900, aged 85 ; Jane Laird,
relict of late Samuel Taylor, aged 81. A few have a
line of quotation as,

"Orin Bemis, born 1809, died 1886 :—
Gathered into the garner."

"James Spencer, died I2th day of 3rd month,
1870."

"Jonathan Page, aged 79, died in the 8th day of
loth month.

We will meet on the other shore."

"Hannah Gould, died 1850.

Sacred fore'er from busy life
They sleep in this lone spot,
But oh, amid earth's joys,
They ne'er shall be forgot."

A young wife has a modern stanza :
"Margaret Beckett, wife of John Vanderburgh,
died 1878, aged 29.

Do you mourn when another star
Shines forth in the evening sky ?
Do you weep when the noise of war
Or the rage of the conflict die ?
Then why should your tears roll down
Or your hearts be sorely riven
For another gem in the Saviour's Crown,
For another soul in Heaven ?"

The names of Chester, Carl, Taylor, Betts, Hill,
McAlpjne, occur frequently.

FONTHILL CEMETERY

"In memory of Geo. Misener, died August I7th,
1802, aged 1 8 months I day. The first grave in this
yard."

"In memory of John Misener, died August 23rd,
1832, aged 12 years, 10 months, 17 days."

We learn from residents that this is misleading,
as the statement of the first grave refers to the latter
inscription, as the body of the child, who died in 1802,
was brought here afterwards, no doubt from a family
burial plot.

In old Niagara papers the name of D'Kverardo,
suggesting a French origin, occurs frequently in the
official advertisements.

"In memory of Dexter D'Everardo, born in
Paris, France, 28th Dec., 1814, died at Welland, Ont.,
July 28th, 1891. Registrar of Deeds 1852. Registrar
of Surrogate Court 1856. First appointment in Wel-
land County."

Mr. D'Everardo was also Superintendent of
schools in the united counties of Lincoln and Welland
before their separation.

Here lies a patriarch indeed, who reached far past
the Psalmist's three score years and ten :

"In memory of Elijah Phelps, who died March
I5th, 1843, aged 103 years."

"In: mertiory of Jean, beloved wife of John Wat-
son, formerly of H. B. M. Royal Artillery, died Jan.
ftytn, 1865, aged 50 years. Also Elizabeth, their daugh-
ter, who was drowned in the Welland river, April 29th,
1865, aged 15 years. "!

"In memory of John Frazer, M.D., born in Ayr-
shire., ,Seqtland, .-March 14th, 1806, died Oct. yth,
"

. DE. Frazer .was a member of Parliament for Wel-
land.

"In memory of Jacob Brackbill, born Feb. 1st,
1777, died 26th August, 1847. Sarah, beloved wife of
Jacob Brackbill, born 4th Jan., 1779, died 2ist Ap-
ril, .1846."

The following is one of the first interments :
. "In memory of Catharine, wife of Thos. Bald, who
departed this life April i8th, 1834, aged 38 years."

"In memory of Robert Hobson, Sheriff of Wel-
land for 25 years. Died August i6th, 1881, aged 76

and apparently a stranger, has his
name preserved by those among whom he labored.
"Fides ad astra.

Erected by a few friends in memory of Freeman
Eldridge, for a number of years a school teacher in
Pelharn, a native of Maine, U.S., who died Sept. 26th,
i8j5, aged 40 years. Requiescat in Pace."

Whether these were twin brothers who died at the
same age is not quite clear ' '

"In memory of Thomas Rice, M.D., who died Nov.
7th, 1864, aged 31.

"Also Harley Rice, who died Jan. 24th, aged 31.
' "Thomas Rice was drowned in Mississippi river
near Grand Gulf, while in service of the U. S.

"The remains of Harley Rice are interred here."

"In memory of Elizabeth Randall, wife of John
Brown, born in Nova Scotia, 1833, died 1896."

"-"•' A double' stone with the words "Mother, Father,"
commemorates natives of Gloucestershire, England,
"Mary Chaplin and Robert Chaplin, who died in 1877
and 1873 respectively, aged, the one 81, and the other
77 years." 'The names of many found on United Em-
pire Loyalist lists abound, as, Secord, Hare, Overholt,

McClellan, Bowman, Swayzie, Vanalstone, Vanderburg,
Bouk.

"George Sidey, born in Perthshire, Scotland,
1815, died 1897."

"Danson Kinsman, postmaster of Fonthill for 27
years, born 1818, died 1889."

FORT ERIE — ST. PAUL'S CHURCH.

Since this is an old settlement, and here so much
fighting occurred in the war of 1812, it might be ex-
pected that there would be found the graves of many
military heroes, and indeed military and naval heroes
abound, but there are few dates farther back than 1820
in any of the numerous graveyards here. At that
dreadful holocaust, when the explosion occurred at the
attack on Fort Erie no doubt the most were buried
where they fell. It has been already seen that one naval
hero was buried at Niagara and another at Lundy's
I^ane. Many retired officers must have settled here,
as witness :

"This monument as a tribute of love and affection
is erected by their thirteen surviving children to Wil-
liam Stanton, Staffordshire, England, Dep. Ass. Com.
General, died I2th June, 1833, aged 77."

Here lie three members of one family, a father and
two sons, all officers :

"lyieut.-Col. Arthur Jones, C. B., 7ist Regt.,
1836.

"Ivieut. Arthur Jones, 7ist Regt., 1856.

"Lieut. P. Jones, R. N., 1839."

In Niagara we have already seen the record of
Col. Kingsmill and two sons, also officers.

"Sacred to the memory of Col. John Warren, J.
P. and M.P.P. for the county of Haldimand, who de-
parted this life 5th Sept., 1832.

Deeply and deservedly regretted."

It is told of this veteran that he was defeated in
a Parliamentary election by John Brant, who was,
however, unseated, being an Indian.

An East Indian veteran has on his tombstone
within a medallion surmounted by a crown, an ele-
phant, in the circle around the words, Hindoostan Pen-
insula LXXVI. Major Rooth, 1849, aged 65."

In the United Service Journal it is told of Benja-
min Rooth that he had fought at Copenhagen and was
one of those who laid the gallant Sir John Moore in
his grave in the ramparts of Corunna, "the sod with
their bayonets turning." Five days after his death his
Peninsular medal arrived with clasps for Nive, Nivelle
and Corunna.

"Sacred to the memory of Col. the Hon. Jas.
Kirby, 2nd Lincoln Militia, died June 2oth, 1854, aged
69. He was a faithful subject of the Crown and for
his gallantry during the war of 1812 received the
thanks of his country and was presented with a valuable
sword by the I/eg. Assembly of U. C. In private life
he was esteemed for his amiable qualities, his generous
and benevolent disposition and for his exemplary cha-
racter as a parent, a friend and a Christian."

A tablet and a monument commemorate the first
rector of the parish :

"Sacred to the memory of Rev. John Anderson,
born 1805, died 1849. For twentv years rector."

Near Fort Erie are numerous family burial plots
on the farms of the first settlers.

MCAFEE GRAVEYARD.

An old frame building, no longer used, is called
the McAfee Church, and opposite it the enclosure with
graves. Of Mr. McAfee it is said that he was a sym-
pathizer with Wm. Lyon McKenzie, who came here
after the skirmish at Montgomery's tavern and crossed
the river from this place. The name occurs thus :

"In memory of Veronica, wife of Daniel McAfee,
died 1850, aged 50."

Here lies an old Butler's Ranger :
"Lewis Mabee, died Oct. I2th, 1823, aged 85."
A small stone has an inscription in German :
"Hier ruhet der verstorbene Benjamin Hersche
ward gebohren im jahr 1741, und gestorben im yahr
1820 den 29 October." The original spelling in this
and other instances is reproduced.

GRAHAM FAMILY BURYING GROUND.

The Graham enclosure, with beautiful forest trees
near, seems to have been used by several families, who

buried their dead in long rows. Here is a well-known
name :

"In memory of James Wintermute, born March
iyth, 1782, died June 25th, 1858."

"In memory of Richard Graham, born .-; 1759,
died Dec. I5th, 18.12, aged 53."

HERSHEY FAMILY BURYING GROUND.

Not far from this is the Hershey plot, this being
the Knglish spelling of the name Hersche, and here oc-
curs in this neighborhood almost the only reference to
the place of birth :

"In memory of Benjamin Hershey, born Lancaster
Co., Pa., 1776. . Came to Canada 1795, died 18.^1,;
aged 55." This is doubtless a son of the Benjamin
mentioned before. .; ,.;«

Here are found the names of Abraham, Randolph,
and Christian Hershey, all attaining great age.

PLATO FAMILY BURYING GROUND.

This is about two miles from the village. The
name is spelled Platow in the original, map, the family
came from the Mohawk valley and the name is found
in Butler's Rangers. Here may be sefen Ihe names Ben-
ner, Beam, Jansen, Sabine, Spear, and among the
Christian names are Cornelius, Christian, Christianna,
Jacob, etc. In a graveyard near St. John's Church is
the name of another Ranger :

"In memory of John G. Anger, died 1813, in his
77th year. Abigail, his wife, died in her 8ist year."

Many German names are found, as Rohr, Huff-
man, Jansen ; the names Scarlett and House occur fre-
quently and again extreme age is recorded.

ST. JOHN'S CHURCH, BERTIE.

In this graveyard are found several inscriptions,
which, if not of historic or poetic value, are amusing
or otherwise interesting.

A tombstone with the accustomed yew tree has
the words :

"Alas poor Powell who departed this life 25th
January, 1867, aged 66."

We learn his first name from the next stone :

"In memory of Rebecca, wife of William Powell."

Whether Isaac Brock, who d^ed 1864, aged 41, se-
lected the following lines, showing very primitive taste,
or whether selected by his friends, we know not :

"Isaac Brock is my name
Canada is my nation
Canada is my dwelling place
And Heaven is my expectation."

Not satisfied with this, four lines of the same
order follow. Although heard of before, only now did
I actually see this old rhyme :

"When I am dead and in my grave
And all my bones are rotten,
This little verse will tell my name
When I am quite forgotten."

"For Thomas Spedding, who died in 1876," a

more dignified verse is selected :

"I have fought the good fight, I have kept the faith."
A Loyalist and his wife attained great age :
"In memory of John Laur, who died 1844, aged

83 ; and Sarah, his wife, aged 89."

The lines following are certainly original and

unique, if not poetic :

"In memory of Isaac H. Jun. son of Isaac H. and

Meryum Allen.

I. H. to visit friends did go
Was to return in a day or so,
But sickness overtook him soon
Sleeping in death he was brought home.
He's gone the loved and cherished one

Like some bright star he passed away,

Death claimed his victim and he sank

Calm as the sun's expiring ray,

No more we'll hear at morn

His feet upon the stair

Death hath our I. H. borne

From this world of care."

As a contrast to this we find a few lines from
Longfellow's beautiful poem, Resignation, on a more
modern stone :

"In memory of Lawrence Zimmerman, died 1889,
aged 25.

There is no death

What seems so is transition ;

This life of mortal breath

Is but the suburbs of the life Blysian

Whose portals we call death."

Here are found the names of Duncklee, Buck,
Wilds, Adair, Shot well, Strowe, Spedding, Stevenson,
Hibberd, Krafft, Knoll, Miller.

A drive along the beautiful Ridge road past the
scene of the battle of Ridgeway brought us to Zioii
Methodist church and the first tombstone commemor-
ates one of a well known family :

1 'Sacred to the memory of Rev. S. E. Ryerson,
Methodist Episcopal minister, who died April, 1863,
aged 51.

Servant of God, well done,

The glorious warfare passed,

The battle's fought, the race is won '

And thou art crowned at last."

This populous graveyard has many foreign names,
several of them loyalist families, and many have at-
tained great age, as :

"Joseph Banner, aged 96, died 1870. Rebecca,
his wife, aged 82."

"Josiah Bearss, died 1879, aged 87."

The names Zavitz, Plato, Burger, L,eiffer, Krafft,
Jansen, Anger, Teal, Paulus, Athoe, Fliege, Haworth,
Rice, Ellsworth, are found.

A pastor's wife is thus spoken of :

"In memory of Maggie, beloved wife of Rev. J. W.
Butler, died 1872.

She was beautiful, affable and Christian."

"Chauncey M. Hibbard and Asenath Humphrey,
his wife," a mingling of American and Egyptian
names.

An inscription in German is also found here :

"Andenkenan Anna R.. Singer Geb. 7 Sep. 1806,
Gest. 5 Feb. 1886, alt 79 jahr.

Under Leben vahret siebenzig.
Jahr und vemis hoch Kommt so
Sund's achtzig und vemis Kost
lich gevesen is ; so ist's
Muhe und arbeit gevesen."

This somewhat free translation of the words of
Moses in the 9oth Psalm is not in orthography or syn-
tax above criticism, but the words are appropriate for
one who had passed the three score and ten limit.

77
RIDGEWAY.

At Ridgeway the oldest inscription was 1836.
The names of Schooley, Hershey, Gorham, Disher,
Sloss, Troup, Tuttle, Fite, Vabery, Deckout, Hannsen,
show foreign origin.

A striking line seen here lingers in the memory :
"She always made home happy."

BENNER FAMILY BURYING PLACE.

In this small enclosure are ten graves, of which
eight are Benners, all recording great ages as 81, 84,
88, and one even reaching 99. Jacob Benner, one of
Butler's Rangers, died in 1817, and his wife, Susanna,
in 1822, aged 99. One wife is recorded as having been
27 years older than her husband.

MENNONITE GRAVEYARD, TP. CLINTON.

"In memory of John Claus, who was born April
loth, 1730, and departed this life June i8th, 1824,
aged 94 years."

"Daniel Hock, Gebohren Den n ten April, 1773,
is Gestorben Den 20 ten November, 1812, Hat Gilebt
39 Jahr 7 months and 9 tags."

DISCIPLES' CHURCH, JORDAN.

"In memory of Peter Hare, Senior, who was born
May nth, 1748, and departed this life April 6th,
1834, aged 85 years u months."

Peter Hare was a captain in Butler's Rangers and
was latterly known as Col. Hare, probably from rank
in Lincoln Militia. His widow, as we have seen, is
buried at Homer near St. Catharines.

PORT MAITLAND CEMETERY.

A tragedy is recorded in the inscription on two
monuments in this old graveyard near Dunnville.

"The officers, non-commissioned officers and pri-
vates of the Reserve Battalion 23rd Royal Welsh Fusi-
liers have erected this stone to mark the spot where lie
the remains of Asst. Surgeon Grantham and twenty-
four men, women and children, of that Regiment, who
perished near the shore by the sinking of the steamer

Commerce on the night of the 6th May, 1850, whilst on
their route from Montreal to* London, C.W."

At the late Historical Loan Exhibit in Toronto a
candlestick found in the bottom of the lake belonging to
the Regiment was shown. A letter from a lady near
Dunnville dated May 9th, 1850, says : "The Despatch
Str. ran into the Commerce, which sank in fifteen min-
utes, and forty men, women and children were drowned,
seventy escaped. The other three officers were saved,
among them the Ensign, Sir Henry Chamberlain. The
regimental plate, wine and stores are lost, and much
money. The people of Dunnville supplied the survivors
with all the bedding, blankets, etc., they could."

The bodies were laid in a long trench, which may
be plainly seen.

"Sacred to the memory of Dr. Grantham, Asst,
Surgeon 23rd Royal Welsh Fusiliers, aged 35 years,
son of S. Grantham, Esq., Lewes, Sussex, Eng., who
was drowned in Lake Erie on the night of the 6th
May, 1850. A young widow and infant daughter are
left to lament his sudden and melancholy fate."

"To the memory of John Johnson, late Lieuten-
ant Colonel of the Bombay Engineers and Companion
of the Bath, who departed this life on the nth of
February, 1846, aged 77 years."

"In memory of Dederika, widow of the late Lieut, -
Col. John Johnson, C.B., who departed this life on the
1 5th day of April, A.D. 1850, aged 74 years."

Capt. Cotton of the 69th Regiment is also buried
here.

BURK HOLDERS PRIVATE BURYING GROUND.

Two miles from Hamilton this may be seen ; tho
oldest inscriptions go back to 1820, and here are found
the familiar texts and doggerel verse common to th?t
period. The first two are evidently father and daugh-
ter, only separated for a few months :

"In memory of Barbara, daughter of John and
Magdalene Neff, died November I3th, 1820, aged 18
years. The Lord is nigh to them that call upon Him."

"John Neff, died January 3'oth, 1821, aged .50
years."

Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord. They
rest from their labors and their works do follow them.

"In memory of Christian Burkholder, born Dec.
I4th, 1772, died 'Sept. I7th, 1843, aged 71."

"Remember me as you pass by,

As you are now so once was I,
As I am now so you must be ;
Prepare for death and follow me."

"In memory of Peter Burkholder, who died 2ist
Dec., 1867, aged"^ 73.

Servant of God, well done,

Rest from thy loved employ,

The battle fought, the victory won,

Enter thy Master's joy."

His wife, Susannah Burkholder, died 1875, aged
78. .,J

"In memory of Obadiah Taylor, a native of Long
Island, State of New York, who died March 2nd, 1856*,
aged 86 years.

Afflictions sore long time I bore,
Physicians were in vain ;
At length God pleased to give me ease
And freed me from my pain."

A slab to Eleana Goldsmith, who died in the last
decade, praises her in both prose and verse, thus :

"Her whole life was a fulfilment of John, i5th
chapter, 2nd verse. Every branch in me that beareth
fruit He purgeth that it may bring forth more fruit."

"Her real merit was known by those who knew
her best.

The friend of sinners was her friend,
Trusting to him she met her end,
Nor in the judgment shall she fear,
Then shall her friend as judge appear ;
By faith in Jesus' conquest she relied
In Jesus' merits ventured all and died."

HAMILTON CEMETERY.

The city cemeteries offer little in the way of early
settlers or curious inscriptions, as in general the old
graveyards, gradually surrounded, are destroyed and
built over in the inevitable march of improvement, but
here is the name of one of the family which gave the
name to Hamilton.

A large granite monument reads :

"Sacred to the memory of Robert Jarvis Hamil-
ton, born May 29th, 1812, died 1892. Catharine, his
wife, born 1818, died 1847. Mary Jane, his wife, born
1829, died 1899."

Many of the family are buried in the Hamilton
family burying ground at Queenston.

A large altar tomb has the following inscription

"Sacred to the memory of Lieut. -Col. Gourlay,
who died at his residence, Barton Lodge, 1867. He
was for 25 years an officer of the 23rd Royal Welsh
Fusiliers, serving with the regiment in France, Spain,
and various British stations and in the Canadian Rebel-
lions, 1837-8. He was a sincere Christian and in all
the relations of life, public and private, an honourable
and upright man."

"Sacred to the memory of Right Rev. Thos.
Brock Fuller, D.D., first bishop of the Diocese of Nia-
gara, born at Kingston, 1810, died 1884, also his
wife, Cynthia Street, born 1816, died 1892."

Col. Robt. Land was the first settler at the head
of the lake, of whom a very romantic story is told, the
husband and wife, each thinking the other dead, meet-
ing here after many years.

BEAMSVILLE.

In Beamsville on rising ground next to the Bap-
tist church is a stone to one of the early settlers, who
gave the name to the village :

"In memory of Jacob Beam, Sr., born Nov. 29th,
1728, died May loth, 1812, aged 83," also to his wife,
aged 83."

A more pretentious granite monument to Jacob
Beam, Jr., aged 85.

There are many old grey stones with the peculiar
round or angled tops. It is remarkable that such old
stones are so legible, but it is said that Mrs. Bougner,
a daughter of Elder Hill, paid to have these cleared
from moss and mould.

A long line of Adairs, a dozen at least, shews
that they were among the earliest settlers.

"In memory of David Adair, aged 77, died in
1811. Jesus wept. His wife Abigail, aged 77."

8 1

One peculiarity of this graveyard is the number of
Bible texts and also of verse, we will not say poetry.
There is also an entire absence of military dignities, at
least if such, it is not recorded.

"In memory of Anna Adair, daughter of Joseph
and Charity Adair.

My body lies beneath

the dust, my soul has

gone on high to dwell

with Jesus and the

just in peace and

love and joy."

"Sacred to the memory of Mercy Hixon, died
1828, aged 24.

Weep, weep and mourn
The tomb has swallowed up my friend."

A long row of Merralls and another of Skelleys.
Not a few in this ground show the place of birth.

"In memory of Henry Rolt, born in Pennsyl-
vania, 1778, died 1874, aged 95," and John Beam,
born in New Jersey, emigrated to Canada in 1788, died
here, aged 82."

"In memory of Charity Adair, wife of Joseph
Adair, died 1837. Blessed are the dead who die in the
Lord."

The same text is on the tombstone of Elizabeth
House, daughter of Conrad Weir, born 1800, died
1825.

"In memory of Daniel Skelley, who departed this
life Dec. I5th, 1823, aged 23.

Reader, although my body lies

Beneath the silent clod,
Yet every turf above me cries —

Prepare to meet thy God."

Of Joseph Merrill it is said, "He lived, he died,
he lives to die no more."

"Samuel Corwin and his wife, born in New Jer-
sey, 1767."

"In memory of Christopher, son of Jerry Trion
and Alice Kentner, aged 28.

A pale consumption gave the fatal blow,
The stroke was struck but the effect was slow ;
In wasting pain Death saw him long oppressed,
Pity'd his sorrow and kindly brought him rest."

A large upright stone in memory of

"Elder Thomas Hill, of Dunstable, England, born
1780, died 1839."

Two verses below are in honor of himself and
wife.

A long row of Bougners, born in New Jersey,
\vho came like others in 1788, all remarkable for great
age, as Martin Bougner, aged 84 ; his wife came in
1793, and died aged 81.

A modern granite monument has replaced an older
one and records the virtues of a pastor :

"Sacred to the memory of Rev. Thomas Morgan.
He was born in Cardiffshire, North Wales ; he emi-
grated to the United States in 1817 and was ordained
a minister. of the Baptist Denomination, of Utica, N.
Y. He came to this province in 1824, and became pas-
tor of the Baptist Church in Clinton, where he labored
for three years with acceptance. As a preacher he was
warm and energetic, commending himself to every
man's, conscience ; he was unwearied in his exertions to
promote the Redeemer's kingdom, traveling from house
to house, warning every man as in the sight of God.
As a Christian in , his daily walk he commended thj>
Gospel which he preached. As a husband and father he
was tender and affectionate. He died in the triumphs
of faith and the hope of a glorious immortality on the
9th Feb., 1837, in the 4oth year cf his age."

"In memory of Charlotte, wife of Jas. Freed,
daughter of Thos." and Martha Hill, departed this life
in the assurance of a glorious immortality, 1841, aged
37-

Dreary dying world adieu,
Brighter, scenes appear in view,
Jesus calls and I must rise
To join the mansions in the skies ;
Glad to obey the signal given,
Death is but the gate to Heaven."

A more modern monument showrs that a stranger
dying in a distant land is gratefully remembered :

"Rev. John Callander, M.D., from Falkirk, Scot-
land, died at Toronto, 185^, aged 34."

On one side is the single word "Resurgam," and
on the other : :

"Erected by his friends in Clinton as a tribute

of respect for his manly qualities and Christian, vir-
tues."

An old stone forms a contrast and calls up
Grey's line :

"With uncouth liixes and shapeless sculpture decked."

"Mary,* wife of Daniel Danghethy.
Blessed are they that die in the Lord."

The names of House, Couse, Mclntyre, Hilburn,
are also seen frequently.

An old record book of the Baptist Church dates
back to 1807. A;deed of land :.of -two acres from Jacob
Beam for the church and graveyard is shewn, and the
names of early members. Elder Morse is mentioned in
1807.

STONEY CREEK.

Near the battle field of Stoney Creek on a slight
rising ground, on land given by the Gage family, is the
graveyard. Till quite lately here stood a frame build-
ing, a Methodist Church, in the walls of which might
be seen the bullets fired on that day of June, 1813, but
it has been pulled down by modern iconoclasts. The
oldest stone found was chipped so as to be almost ille-
gible, a reddish stone from the neighborhood, some-
thing in color like the Credit valley stone.

"Sacred to the memory of Mrs Phebe Bates,
wife of Wm. Bates, born in Stamford, Connecticut,
died in this province, Dec. i6th, 1807, aged 46.

Pause reader and behold my fate,
How soon my race is run
Eternal .... my state
Before my life is gone."

On an old grey stone —

"Erected to the memory of Wm. Gage, from Ire-
land, Co. Derry, died Sept. nth, 1820, aged 76."

A smaller stone to his wife, Susan Gage, died
1821, and a more modern one :

"In memory of Capt. John Gage, who died May
1 6th, 1860, aged 66."

The Gage homestead has been lately fitted up -is
a museum by the Women's Wentworth Historical Soci-
ety, and from it may be seen the scene of the conflict.

A massive monument of granite commemorates an-
other member of the Gage family.

"Catharine Gage, wife of Wm. Jones."
In the inscriptions there is a great uniformity of
verses as, "A faithful friend, A husband dear, A ten-
der parent lieth here," one being evidently copied from
another, but here is one certainly original if not poetic,
an old grey stone, but quite legible :

"This stone is erected to the memory of Thos.
Fanning, died 1827, aged 22.

The rose of health bloomed on his cheeks
And joy attend his youthful breath

The rose was nipped in one short week
And all was sunk in gloomy death.
Hark death can speak my warning keep
My warning word poor Thomas cries,
A few short hours near you I sleep
But we together both shall rise.
Oh may the living wisdom learn
from my sepulchred mouldering clay
from death's sad stings to swiftly turn
prepared to meet the judgment day."

And this the tribute of a friend —
"In memory of Jas. Lee, aged 57.

Beneath this lies my bosom friend,
One whom I long adored ;
He's gone and left me to depend
On God for evermore."

The names Nash, Fox, Lee, Glover, Potruf!,
Jones, occur frequently. Three small stones have on
each the words : "The family of the late Richard Lon-
don," while other stones commemorate Richard Lon-
don himself and his wife.

There is little of a military nature, but one stone
tells of a young soldier :

"In memory of Lieut. G. G. Brabazon, late of
Her Majesty's Royal Fusiliers, died 1851, aged 29."

The dreadful railway accident near Hamilton here
found a victim :

"In memory of Robert Crawford, who came to
his death by a Disaster on the Great Western Railroad,
at the bridge across the Desjardins Canal, March I2th,
1857."

"In memory of Jno. W. Crawford.
Dear as thou wert and justly dear,

We will not weep for thee ;
One thought shall check the parting tear,
It is that thou art freej"

There are many records of extreme age, as Jas.
L,ambier, aged 81, Stephen Land, evidently a descend-
ant of the first settler in Hamilton, aged 74, but the
oldest recorded is Christina Green, died 1882, aged 102.

A few show the birthplace, as —

"Sacred to the memory of Stephen Bedell, died
1837, aged 92, a native of Staten Island.

"Mary, wife of John Yeager, daughter of A.
Green, born in Sussex, New Jersey. 1791."

Another bears the names of two husbands—

"In memory of Rachel Soules, wife of Joseph
Penfold, and relict of the late Alphaus Gorman, aged
82."

Two large altar tombs are respectively to Clares,
wife of John Galbraith, 1835, and to John Fox, 1834.

To one who died in early youth the text below
seems appropriate :

"Rebecca Jones, aged 19.

Her sun is gone down while it is yet day."

The same text is on the tomb of Clara Fortman.
wife of Kdw. Norton.

There is also a large vault for the family of R.
Squires.

GRIMSBY EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This graveyard seems to have been used by all
denominations at first. The number of large altar
tombs and other solid headstones show the early pros-
perity of the people. Here are found many names well
known in Canadian history.

"In memory of Col. Robert Nelles, who was born
6th October, 1761, in Palatine, on the Mohawk river,
State of New York, and died 27th July, 1842, at
Grimsby, after a residence of 62 years in Canada."

His wife, Klizabeth, died 1813, and the name of a
second wife, Maria, is recorded. The commissions of
Col. Nelles as I/ieut., Capt., Col., signed by different
governors, from the year 1788 to 1831, are in the Nia-
gara Historical room.

"In memory of the Hon. Abraham Nelles, born
4th Dec., 1775, died 7th July, 1839.

Bye hath not seen nor ear heard, neither hath
entered into the heart of man to conceive the things
which God hath prepared for those that love him. — i
Cor. 2, 3."

Among the oldest interments are —

"In memory of John Moore, died May i6th,
180^, aged 64, and Dinah his wife, died Nov. 9th, 1804,
aged 68."

These, however, were removed from an earlier
graveyard near the lake.

An old grey stone has the following inscription -
"Here lies the body of Isaac Chambers, who was born
1762, and departed this life Jan. 8th, 1805, aged 42.

O Lord, my days is wasting here

And I draw near to death,
Give me a land of joyful cheer,

When I shall leave the earth."

"In memory of Elizabeth Friller, wife of Abra-
ham Pettit, born 1778, died 1875, aged 97 years."

"In memory of John S. Pettit, born 1788, died
1888. Mary Glover, his wife, born 1791, in New Jer-
sey, died 1856."

"In memory of Emmeline Bergman, wife of Jona-
than Wolverton, M.D., born at Germantown, Pa., Jan-
uary 3ist, 1816, died at Grimsby, June 29th, 1874."

The first Missionary of Grimsby has left neatly
kept records of his five years' pastorate, from 1817
to 1822, in which latter year his death occurred by acci-
dent.

"In memory of Rev. Wm. Sampson, first Mis-
sionary of Grimsby, eldest son of Rev. Dr. Sampson,
born at Wandsworth, Surrey, England, 1790, died at
Grimsby, U.C., April i8th, 1822."

A later minister also died here :

"In memory of Rev. G. R. F. Grout, of Quebec,
rector of this parish for 22 years, during which length-
ened period he labored faithfully and zealously, being
the friend and adviser of old and young, died 1849,
aged 45. ^

This monument was erected by his attached par-
ishioners as a tribute of affection to one they loved.

Remember those which have the rule over you who
have spoken unto you the word of God, whose faith
follow.— Heb. 13 : 7, 8."

The author of the first poem published in Upper
Canada, "A Day at the Falls," published in York,
1825, was then a teacher in York Grammar School and
became incumbent of Saltfleet and Binbrook.

"In memoriam Rev. James Lynne Alexander,
born at Glenhead, Antrim, Ireland, 1801, died at Grims-
by, 1879.

When Christ who is our life shall appear, then
shall ye also appear with him in glory."

A number of altar tombs commemorate members
of the Crooks family, whose name is so well known.

"Sacred to the memory of William Crooks, who
was born at Kilmarnock, Scotland, 6th August, A. D.
1776, and after a residence of 44 years in U. C. died at
Niagara 3ist December, 1836. Job. 9, 12."

"Sacred to the memory of Mary Butler, relict of
Wm. Crooks, who departed this life at St. Anns, Nel-
son, 30th Dec., 1851, aged 70. Watch for the morning.
—Ps. 130, 6."

The following inscription offers a refreshing con-
trast to the general dead level of those commonly found.

"In memory of Caroline, consort of A. A. Wolver-
ton, who was removed to the spirit world Sept. 23rd,
1849, aged 30 years. The material body is all that
lies here, the substantial has gone to the spiritual
sphere.

Where kindred spirits unite in one,
Forever to dwell in their heavenly home."

"In memory of Jonathan Wolverton, who died
1831, aged 77 years, and his wife Mary, who died 1804,
aged 33 years."

Another early settler who died young is thus re-
corded—

"Here lies the body of Rose Beamer, who was
born 26th January, 1783, and departed this life May
1 9th, 1806, aged 23.

Now I have passed through death's dark door
No eye on earth shall see me more ;
Prepare to meet me here above."

"Here lies the body of Lydia Merrill, who was
born 1791, died 1804, aged 13.

My aged friend to me attend

And wipe your weeping eyes,
No longer mourn your daughter gone

To reign above on high."

"Beneath this stone lieth the remains of Marga-
ret Crooks, late of the kingdom of Scotland, who was
born in Edinburgh, 23rd April, A. D. 1753, died at An-
caster, in the Province of II. C. 2nd October, 1826,
aged 74 years.

This testimony of Filial respect erected to her
memory by her affectionate children."

"IN PACE.

"Jonathan Wolverton, M. D., born Feb. 22nd,
1811, died April I2th, 1883."

"In memory of Hannah Simmerman, wife of Jas.
N. Simmerman, born 1816, departed this life 1835, aged
19."

Still in Him she firm confided
Who in love bestowed the rod
Desirous that each child residing
In this region turn to God."

"Here lies the body of Sarah Walker, wife of
William Walker, who departed this life 6th April, 1806,
in the 6oth year of her age.

Remember me as you pass by
As you are now so once was I
As I am now so you must be,
, Prepare for death and follow me."

It might be interesting to note where and at what
date this last time worn verse is found.

"In memory of William Kitchen, born Jan., 1761,
died May 28th, "1813, aged 52."

"Stephen Coon, died 1805, aged 41."

"In memory of Dennis Wolverton, born in New
Jersey on New Year's day, 1790, emigrated to Canada
in 1798 and' settled at Grimsby. Member of the Legis-
lative Assembly, U. C., 1836-38, and of the Niagara
District Council for many years. Died May 23rd, 1875.
He trusted in Jesus."

There were many deaths in 1813 from an epidemic
of typhus fever.

The names Book, Pettitt, Nixon, Anderson are
found repeatedly.

PRESBYTERIAN GRAVEYARD, GRIMSBY.

In this burial place, not so old as that near it,
are many from Muir's settlement of great age. The
families of Muir and Douglas seem to have intermarried
often and to have been a long-lived race.

"Sacred to the memory of Jas. Douglas, born at
•Whitburn, Scotland, died at Grimsby 1831, aged 89."

"Barbara, daughter of Jas. Muir, of Briech Mills,
Scotland, in her cpnd year."

"George Muir, aged 90."

"Douglas Muir, aged 8?. of West Calder, Scot-
land."

"John D. Beamer, died 1872, aged 72."

His second and third wives are here buried, Sarah
and Catharine, and a long row of Beamers lie buried
near.

From these crowded burial grounds many bodies
have been removed to the beautiful new cemetery, al-
ready with many occupants.

ANCASTER.

This is an old settlement and the graveyard is
filled with all varieties of tombstones in memory of the
dead. There are dozens of large altar tombs. Here are
found the graves of U. K. I/oyalists, military and navai
men, the stranger, and the fashion of long labored in-
scriptions and original verses prevailed to a remark-
able, almost an alarming extent.

One of the oldest stones is that to a husband and
wife who died on the same day.

"Sacred to the memory of Alexander Richie and
Mary Lucia, his wife, who both departed this life at
Ancaster nth April, 1823."

Here near the church is a large altar tomb to one
(described in Summer Rambles by Mrs. Jamieson), who
died here while visiting her sister, Mrs. McMurray, the
wife of the rector, afterwards Archdeacon, of Niagara.

"In memory of Jane, wife of Henry R. School-
craft, Esq., born at 'St. Mary's Falls, 1800, died at
Dundas May 22nd, 1842, in the arms of her sister, dur-

ing a visit at the house of the rector of this church,
while her husband was absent in England and her child-
ren at a distant school. She was the eldest daughter
of John Johnston, Esq., and Susan, daughter of Wau-
bojeeg, a celebrated war chief and civil ruler of the Od-
jibwa Tribe.

Carefully educated and of polished manners and
conversation she was early fitted to adorn society, yet
of retiring and modest deportment. Early imbued
with the principles of true piety she patiently submit-^
ted to the illness which for several years marked her*
decline and was inspired through seasons of bodily and
mental depression with the lively hope of a blessed im-
mortality

Here rests by kindred hands enshrined
All of the loved one earth could find,
The form, the eye, the heart, the hand
So gentle once, so kind, so bland.

Death came unlocked for, yet his tread
She met so calm, so free from dread,
Like angels winged to happier spheres,
She smiled to quit a world of tears.

We mourn not then as those who see
No glorious bright eternity,
But while this stone fond hearts upraise
Grief best bespeaks our love and praise."

This memorial (the maker from Albany, N. Y.,) is
no doubt placed here by her husband, the Schoolcraft
who wrote such valuable works on the North American
Indian.

A granite monument lately placed is to the first
rector :

"Sacred to the memory of Rev. Ralph Leeming, of
Yorkshire, England, ordained by the Bishop of London,
first Missionary, Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts, to the Gore District and first
Rector of Ancaster, born 1789, died 1872, aged 83."

A large flat stone tells a pathetic story, showing
that the "stranger within the gates1' was not neglected:

"Eliza M. Johnston, of Rochester, N. Y., died
1827, aged 17.

A stranger's grave

Placed here by her local respected friends."

Among a row of stones, all with the name of Dur-
and, a large altar tomb bears the following :

"In memory of James Durand, born in England,
1775, died 1833, resided in the Canadas 34 years.
Served his country as a Legislator and as a Captain
during the late war with honor and uprightness, but
above all, his Maker, as an honest man. 'Do unto
others as you would have others do to you" was the
great motto of his life. His children will ever remem-
ber him as the kindest parent, and the Canadas as a
patriot and friend.

The following beautiful lines were written by him-
self in memory of his lamented consort Keziah Durand:

High in the Heaven of Heavens I trust
You now repose among the just,
Thy virtues well earned meed ;
The pleasing hope my soul inspires
As wages grief my bosom fires
And gives me joy indeed."

Jas. Durand."

Other lines below are written in memory of Jas.
Durand by Charles Durand, who has lately published his
Reminiscences continued to the present date.

"Sacred to the memory of John Palmer Batter?
by, Commander R. N., born 1797, died 1888.

Thanks be unto God who giveth us the victory
through our Lord Jesus Christ."

To his son Edwin "He giveth his beloved sleep,"
and to his wife Maria "The price of a virtuous woman
is far above rubies, her children arise up and call her
blessed, her husband also, and he praiseth her."

"Sacred to the memory of Major Daniel Showers,
died 1858, aged 71.

Man soon discussed
Yields up his trust
And all his hopes and fears
Lie with him in the dust.

Elizabeth Showers, his wife, born Stamford, 1787,
died in Ancaster, 1848."

This last shows the early settlement of Stamford.

"In memory of Lieut. W. Milne, of the Royal
Navy, born at Falkirk, North Britain, A.D. 1766, died
at Springfield, Ancaster, 1826."

"In memory of Helen Eliza, wife of Robt. Berrie,

and daughter of the late L,ieut.-Col. Johnson Butler,
died 1841, aged 35."

"In memory of Capt. John Urquhart, died 1882,
aged 79, a native of Inverness, Scotland."

The next is evidently a foreigner :

"Otto Ivese, died at the Hermitage, late of Alou-
mouth, Eng., died 1835."

The father of the rector died here —

"In memory of Wm. McMurray, died 1878, aged
82, a native of Co. Armagh, Ireland."

A granite monument to John Aikman, who died
1878, aged 86. The name Aikman frequently occurs,
and the name Rousseaux brings up the recollection of
Jean Baptiste Rousseaux, the interpreter of Brant ;
George Rousseaux and Margaret Rousseaux lie here,
while the father is buried at Niagara.

PRESBYTERIAN BURYING GROUND, ANCASTER.

"In memory of the Rev. George Sheed, A. M.,
who planted this church, and, having faithfully watched
over it for the space of six years, was removed to his
reward 1832.

His friends have erected this stone as a memorial
of their esteem for his worth as a man and his zeal and
abilities as a minister.

"The righteous shall be in everlasting remem-
brance."

"Sacred to the memory of Kuphemia Melville,
wife of Capt. Alex. Roxburgh, Glengarry Light Infan-
try, daughter of Alex. Melville, of Farquhar, Scotland,
who died in the prime of life at St. Margaret's College,
1831."

"In memory of Capt. Alexander Roxburgh, born
17/4, died 1856.""

"In memory of C. R. McHaffee, wife of Robert
Gardener, who died at West, Flamboro, 1848."

A modern granite monument with coat of arms
and motto has this short inscription :

"In memory of Duncan Matheson Locahalsh,
Rossshire, Scotland, born 1782, died 1849.
Fac et spera."

(Arms of the Matheson Clan.)

93
VIRGIL METHODIST CHURCH.

In this small graveyard is a stone to one who is
called in Carroll's Case (the history of Canadian Metho-
dism) a saint ; he was a prisoner at the capture of Nia-
gara and was long a class leader in the village named
after him.

"George Lawrence, born March 26th, 1757, died
August 5th, 1848, M-, 91 years."

The names of Casselman, Cassaday, Caughill,
Cushman, Hains, Cain, are found. Barney Cain fought
at Lundy's Lane. This village has rejoiced in many
names : — The Cross Roads, Four Mile Creek, Lawrence-
ville, and now the classic name of Virgil to correspond
with that of Homer, six miles distant.

On the Corns farm near Virgil :

"To the memory of Caspar Corns, died Nov. 24th,
1835, aged 96 years."

"In memory of Wm. Casselman, who departed
this life Jan. nth, 1847, aged 53 years."

CLEMENT FAMILY BURYING GROUND.

Several old grey stones bring to mind names well
known in this Peninsula.

"Sacred to the memory of James Clement, born
I5th July, 1764, died 8th March, 1813, aged 49."

"Sacred to the memory of Catharine Clement,
consort of the late James Clement, who departed this
life I3th July, 1813, in the 45th year of her age, at the
birth of her eleventh child."

"In memory of Sarah Clement, daughter of John
C. Pettitt, and consort of Joseph Clement, who de-
parted this life 9th June, 1824, aged 34."

"Sacred to the memory of Martha Pettitt, con-
sort of John Clement, who departed this life loth Dec.,
1828, aged 59."

"Eliza Matilda Ball, daughter of Jacob H. and
Katharine Ball, died Dec. 3rd, 1823, aged n.

My parents dear I bid farewell,
My life was short on earth to dwell,

My maker's call, I must obey,
Prepare yourselves to follow me."

In the Stevens graveyard, very near, is buried
George Caughill, killed at Lundy's Lane. It is told

that he was carried from the field by Barney Cain, who
is buried at Virgil. The house of James Clement, who
died in 1813, still stands, though built in 1805, in good
repair with its fine old mantels and queer old stairs, a
trap for the unwary.

GONDER GRAVEYARD.

On the Gonder farm near Black Creek are inscrip-
tions to several of this U. E. family.

"In memory of Jacob Gonder, a native of Pa.,
Ivancaster Co., who died Nov. 8th, 1846, in the yist
year of his age."

"Gone Home, Mary A., wife of Jacob Gonder,
died Sept. 28th, 1886, aged 82."

"Michael D. Gonder, died Sept. 28th, 1886, aged
82."

In an old private burial place on what was for-
merly the first Gonder farm, (now the Stoner farm,
near Welland,) was buried in 1813, Michael Gonder, who
came to Canada in 1787 and lived at Niagara for some
time. David Price, who married Margaret Gonder, was
Indian Interpreter at Niagara, and is buried here.

"In memory of David Price of the township of
Crowland, died 26th Feb., 1841, aged 91."

PORT DALHOUSIE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

Being a lake port there are many references tj
sailors and loss by water or accidents. Several of the
gravestones have carved the figure of a ship with can-
vas spread. The following inscription is unique :

"In memory of John I/awrie and Margaret David-
son, who were born 26th Sept., 1786, married 5th
July, 1811, parted I3th Sept., 1863, by his death,
aged 77, and again united by her death, I5th Mar.,
1865, aged 78 years. They were lovely and pleasant in
their lives and in their death were not divided."

Two children have on the tombstone the quota-
tion :

"It was an angel that visited the green earth
And took the flowers away."

Another quotation is : "God is the orphan's stay
and the stranger's shield." Another the simple words :
"Beyond the river." Many of those buried here hail
from Scotland, and the device of a thistle is frequent.

"In memory of Capt. Jas. Neil, a native of Kil-
barchan, Renfrewshire, Scotland, 1876, aged 70."

Some fond parent has given these pathetic lines :
"In memory of little Donald —

His face was gentle as the light
Of yonder deep blue sky,
Yet, like the flowers in the vale,
He bloomed but bloomed to die."

What tragic scenes caused these inscriptions ?—

"Charles Robertson of St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.,
aged 26, who met with a premature death by the fall-
ing of the boom on board the Kate Robinson of Sack-
ett's Harbor off Port Dalhousie, 1856."

"Henry Gallagher, drowned at Port Dalhousie ;
erected by his affectionate mother, Rachel Davidson."

"' John Aird, who was killed while on board the
barge Ark, aged 14 years."

Names from the land of heather abound, as Muir,
Dickson, McDougall, Anderson, Aird, Donaldson, Blair,
McCulloch, Stewart, White ; while other nationalities
are shewn, as Ohneth, Tremaine, Pawling, Coons, Zim-
merman.

PORT DALHOUSIE, CHURCH OF ENGLAND.

Here are found a greater number of devices, and
greater variety in the nationality, as the Bible, anchor,
cross, crown, ships, Masonic emblems abound, while na-
tives of places as far distant as Flores, Massachusetts,
Ireland, Italy, England, have here found a resting place
for their dust, and many names shew a German origin.
The lines following the name of a mariner are appro-
priate, as is the device of a ship with three masts and
all sails set.

"In memory of Capt. Thos. Fagan, a native of
Strangford, Co. Down, Ireland, died 1858, aged 57.

The Lord himself will keep

His people safe from harm,
Will hold the helm and guide the ship

With His almighty arm."

Two other captains of ships, Capt. Thos. Mur-
ray and Capt. Jas. Kelly.

An inscription of two words reminds us of those
in the Catacombs of Rome, thus :

1 'Elizabeth Cole

Sleeps.

Solomon S. Cole
Rest in peace."

"Our father and mother: James Neelon, 1857, aged
63 ; Nancy, his wife. Rest precious dust."

A longer inscription on a large monument —

"Sacred to the memory of Thos. Read, died 1853,
aged 53. Sincerely lamented by all who knew him.
His Christian faith was manifested in his life, for along
with being a most affectionate husband, a kind father
and a faithful friend, he was always foremost in every
good work, tending to the glory of God and the good of
his fellow men. 'Laying up for himself a good foun-
dation.' "

The only reference to the first settlers is on a fine
red Aberdeen granite monument —

Lt. Col. P. Gregory, of U. B. Loyalist descent,
died 1882, aged 72. The next were early called away.

Near this, "John F. Gregory, B. C. L., died at
Toronto, aged 27."

"Surg. Major General Jago T. Hill, aged 28,"
and one younger still, "Elizabeth Walker, only daugh-
ter of Major Jno. Weyland, wife of Ambrose A. Hill,
M.D., aged 18 years,^ 1875."

"William Hill, eldest son of Solomon Hill, M. P.,
died 1853, aged 69."

From what distant lands came these ? :

"Dorothy, wife of Columbus Gildia, died 1850,
aged 66 years."

"At rest, Joseph Franklin, a native of Flores,
1830—1903."

The verses here are of a higher standard than
those of an earlier date :

"True to the last. Malissa, wife of Geo. Brooks,
aged 35.

Here autumn winds their requiem sing
As though they mourned your early doom,

And spring's first flowers each year will rise
As if in fondness o'er your tomb."

Another asks a question, like that in the Lewiston
graveyard :

"O sacred grave, what precious dust
Is here committed to your trust,
But oh, the soul is that on high
To shine forever in the sky ? "

Though not mentioned, the next must have been
one of the earliest to come from the United States in
Revolution times : —

"Adam Bowman, died 1865, aged 89."
As showing different nationalities, are found the
names of Thuresson, Gulp, Powell, Ismond, Hill, Goold,
Woodall, Furminger, Pawling, Martindale, Rose.

THOROLD CEMETERY.

The largest monument is of grey limestone with
white marble tablets, to George Keefer and his four
wives. On one side is the old and much shattered tab-
let brought from the old Lutheran graveyard close to
the canal and bears this inscription :—
"George Keefer

"Born in the State of New Jersey, 8th Nov.,
1773, died at Thorold, 25th June, 1858.

Catherine, first wife of George Keefer, born 26th
April, 1778, died 4th Jan., 1813.

"Jane, second wife of George Keefer, born 8th
March, 1785, died 6th Jan., 1833."

Charles Henry, M. D., of McGill Coll., died of
fever contracted in the emigrant sheds, Montreal, in
1847, aged 24 years.

"Alexander, Barrister of Osgoode Hall, Toronto,
and Barrister and M. P. in Victoria, Australia, died in
1862, aged 36 years, the youngest son of the above."

"Mary, third wife of George Keefer, born - — ,
died 25th June, 1838."

"Madeline, second daughter of a U. K. Loyalist,
4th wife of George Keefer ; born I4th June, 1793, died
7th Sept., 1871."

Another side has :

"George Keefer — Founder of Thorold, was the son
of George Keefer, a native of Alsace, France, who set-
tled in New Jersey when it was a British Province, lost
his life and property as a Loyalist in 1776, and was

buried on Staten Island, New York. He came to Can-
ada in 1790, served through the war of 1812-15, was the
first president of the Welland Canal Company, and also
of the Thorold Bible and Temperance Societies. He
married, in 1797, Catherine Lampman, the daughter of
a U. E. Loyalist."

The second wife was Jane Emory, widow, nee
McBride. There were fourteen children, ten sons and
four daughters, the only one now living is Thomas
Keefer, C.E., C.M.G., in Ottawa.

The largest granite monument is to

"John Battle, a native of the county of Sligo,
Ireland, 1824-1891. In thee, O Lord have I trusted."

He was proud to acknowledge that he began life
as a day laborer on the Welland Canal. He became the
wealthy head of many business enterprises.

"Erected by the L- 0. Association to the memory
of our late brother, James Shannon, born in Glenbuck,
Co. Antrim, Ireland, 1807, died at Thorold, 1865. We
shall inscribe his name in our memories and our works
shall exhibit it."

"In memory of George Baxter, late Judge of the
county of Welland, died 1893, aged 62 years. "I shall
be satisfied when I awake with thy likeness. Ps. 17,

I5-"

"John McDonagh, born 1822, died 1905. Fell
asleep, Victory through his cross alone."

"Sophia Williams, relict of Bernard Frey Ball."
"Having a desire to depart and be with Christ."

Margaret Boyle, relict of John Rowe, aged 66 :
"She hath done what she could."

An old grey stone, evidently brought from the old
cemetery.

"Joseph Clement Ball, born 1828, died 1830.
"Dear little child thy time and worth
How short was yielded from thy birth,
Thy dying cares and pains are o'er,
Parted from them to meet no more."

"Jacob Ball, born 1786, died 1849."

The following inscription takes us back to the
frightful Civil War of the neighboring Republic :—

"In memory of William "Alfred Walker, who died
at Andersonville, Georgia, 1864, aged 20 years. A pri-
vate in C. Co., 122 N.Y.S.V. A prisoner of war."

Here are buried James Munro, born in Thurso,
Scotland, 1821, long an elder in the Presbyterian
church, an'd his wife, Elizabeth Patterson, born in Glas-
gow, Scotland, 1823, who has the remarkable record of
having been a Bible Society collector for over fifty
years.

BAPTIST GRAVEYARD, VIRGIL.

"In memory of Alexander H. Thompson, born
1797, died 1861. His wife, Jane Mcl^elland, born Jan.
24th, 1805, died Oct. 2oth, 1867."

"In memory of Margaret Maria, daughter of John
C. Ball, and wife of Daniel Secord, died 1848, aged 32."

The names of Bogardus, Stevens, Anderson, Ball,
Secord, Thompson, are found. A monument lately
erected is to Frederick Stevens, aged 90.

JORDAN STATION.

On a stone with Masonic emblems and- motto is
the following inscription :

"Here lieth the remains of an unknown brother,
whose body was washed ashore near the residence of
Abram Martin, Esq., Louth, on 2oth Apr., 1877.

"This tombstone is erected to show that while
deceased had only on his person certain symbols to dis-
tinguish him as a Free Mason, yet were they sufficient
to secure for the remains fraternal sympathy and Chris-
tian sepulture.

"Dead, voiceless, battered, tempest-tossed,
A stranger, friendless and unknown,

The wave gave up its dead,

A brother came and saw

And raised above his lonely head

This sculptured stone."

"The mystic points of Fellowship prevail—

Death's gavel cannot break that sacred tie—
'Gainst Light, the powers of Night can naught avail ;
To live in hearts we leave behind is not to die."

"Rosanna, wife of Wm. Carr, born in Co. West-
moreland, Pennsylvania, 1773, died 1863, aged 90."

"Sacred to" the memorv of Mark Thomas, Ensign

100

of the late 98th Regt. of Foot, died 1866, aged 72. A
native of Co. Galway, Ireland.

But Lord to Thee I shall direct

My supplicating eyes,
O leave not desolate my soul

Whose trust in Thee relies.

Erected by his sorrowing wife, S. E. Thomas."
"Jane Seymour, much beloved wife of Mark

Thomas, a native of Ballinasloe, Co. Galway, Ireland,

died 1862, aged 56.

Sheltered beneath the Almighty's wing
Thou shalt securely rest,
Where neither sun nor moon shall thee
By day or night molest."

This must be to the first wife by the husband, and
to him in turn the second wife dedicates a verse.

t "John Spence, a native of Tancleragee, Ireland,
1879— aged 75.

Susan, wife of John Spence, 1895, aged 87. Erect-
ed by herself."

A few words added to name and dates are notice-
able, as—

"As a wife devoted, as a mother affectionate, as
a friend ever kind."

And "a native of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. In life
beloved, in death lamented."

Among the names are several of German origin ;
a few are given, more familiar to the ear, — Terryberry,
Hunsberry, Moyer, Myers, Troup, Hare, Overholt, High,
Price.

MENNONITE GRAVEYARD, VINELAND.

There are two churches very near to one another.
The inscriptions are remarkable -for their uniformity.
No information as to nationality or date of coming to
the country, no title, no description, no verses, no texts,
except in a few instances. Names mostly German, in
which language are some of the inscriptions. Many of
the old brown stones are almost illegible. The grave
yard is surrounded by a stone wall, covered with wood
at the top, which, in its turn, is covered with sheet
iron. The oldest burial which could be found seemed to
be 1811.

"David Hoch Gebehrenden n ten April 1773 ist

101

Gestorben den ten November 1812 hat Gelebt 39 iah
7 monath und 9 tag."

On an old brown stone — "Here lies the body of
Peter Couse, who departed this life in August, 1812,
aged 45 years — m — d."

These died in the midst of war's alarms. Scrip-
ture names abound, as near together lie Joshua, Abra-
ham, David, Jacob Grobb, and one old stone has the
name of Jonas Grobb, 1811.

As a contrast a handsome granite stone is to
John F. Rittenhouse, who died in 1903, and Elizabeth
Honsberger, his wife, 1899.

One quotation from holy writ appears, thus :
"Text : The rich and the poor meet together, the Lord
is the Maker of them all.— Prov. chap. 22, verse 2,"
and shewing that modern ideas were creeping in —

"In memory of John, son of Wm. and Rosanna
Everett, who departed this life 1st Jan., 1841, aged 17
years.

Pray all young men as you pass by
Upon this grave but cast your eye ;
I in my prime was snatched away,
As you may be this very day."

And to make up for the lack of others, the next
stone has two verses :

"In memory of Joseph Honsberger, who died in
1872, aged 33.

You are most near and dear to me,

I have you in my heart ;
Yet the best friends must severed be,

So you and I must part
Although I leave you for awhile

I'll meet you once again,
And if it is not in this world

'Twill be on Canaan's plain."

Does the last line but one anticipate Sir Oliver
Lodge's attempt to communicate with the other world ?

The most common name is Grobb, — others are
Gratz, High, Kratz, Hoch, Gulp, Hippie, Swairtz, etc.
The only title found in the whole graveyard reads thus:

"Rev. David High, died 1878, aged 72.

When from the dust of death I rise
To claim my mansion in the skies,
Even then— this shall be all my plea,
Jesus hath lived, hath died for me."

102

The only stone which gives a hint of the place
of birth is to —

"Jacob High, Sen., who died 1856, aged 78. A
native of Pennsylvania."

"M. H. Rittenhouse, died 1888, aged 73. Let
my sudden exit from the earth cause thee for Heaven
prepare."

On the stone to Jacob Issler and Sarah, his wife,
Titus 2, 14, is quoted, "Text chosen by her : 'Who gave
himself for us.' "

These early settlers attained great age, as witness
Lawrence Hippie 80, Catherine Bushay, his wife, 83, ;
Nicholas Claus 80, Margaret Claus 82, John Frettz,
96.

DISCIPLES CHURCH, JORDAN.

The same peculiarity as last, with regard to
titles, place of birth, the utmost reticence is observed.
Many of the same names occur also, Renner, Immel,
Bradt, Konkle, Burtch, Snure, Doughty, Hamer. But
in a few cases the rule is broken, as in the well known
name —

"In memory of Peter Hare, Sen., who was born
May 1 7th, 1748, and departed this life Apr. 6th, 1834,
aged 85."

"Major Peter Hare, of the 5th Lincoln Battalion,
born 1794, died 1856, aged 62."

"Thos. Foly, born in Sligo, Ireland, 1814."

David Bradt, erected by John Bradt, in memory
of his father.

Amos Clendennen, 1819-1898.

"In memory of Philip Willis, 1786-1867, aged 80 :

Servant of God, well done ;

Rest from thy loved employ,
The battle fought, the victory won,
Enter thy Master's joy."

Which is an improvement on the quaint verses of the
old time elegiac order.

BROCK MEMORIAL. CHURCH, QUEENSTON.

Here, in the church of St. Saviour, the chancel
window has a beautiful design. The window was to
be contributed by the York Pioneers, but was finished
by a general subscription. Joshua and the angel are

103

represented with the words, "Art thou for us or for our
adversaries ?" The words beneath are, "In memory of
Major General Sir Isaac Brock, born I4th Oct., 1769,
fell in action at the battle of Queenston Heights, I3th
Oct., 1812." On one side is the British coat of arms,
on the other the Canadian ; above are standards ar-
ound drums and warlike weapons ; above this a crown
on one side and the words, "Magna Charta," with
sword and crozier, above, a shield with laurel leaves,
scallop shell of Crusaders, lion and Prince of Wales
feathers. There are in the church three small memorial
windows. On one, "In memory of Caroline Maria
Hamilton, organist of this church, obit Feb. 6th, 1897."
On the second window, "I am the resurrection and the
life. In memory of Robert Charles Chilton Mewburn,
born Feb. 25th/ 1850, died Sept. 9th, 1854." A third
small window was contributed by the children of the
Sunday school, the design being a dove, lamb, vine and
cup, with grapes and leaves.

STAMFORD S. S. No. 5.

Near the Old Red Meeting House.

Near the school house in a neglected spot where
briars, thorns and weeds abound, were found a few
tombstones, the oldest 1820 : "In memory of Joseph
Corwin, who departed this life Apr. loth, 1820, in the
1 9th year of his age."

On a large gray slab, now fallen flat, — "In mem-
ory of James Boyle, who died 1823 ; also his children,
aged 9, 13 and 15," respectively

In contrast to these early deaths there are in-
scriptions to several octogenarians and nonogenarians :
Israel Swayzie, aged 92 ; I/ydia Corwin 82, Abigail
Swayzie 87, and Jacob Kilman, the last buried here, in
1886, aged 8 1 years.

There are only two places mentioned, one of these
the place of birth, and only a few verses —

"In memory of John Fawcett, from Yorkshire,
England, died in ^1849.

104

Dear wife thou hadst but little strength

To tread life's thorny track,
So peaceful dost thou sleep in death

'Twere pain to call thee back ;
The music of thy gentle tone

Tho' to my bosom dear,
And though my heart is sad and lone,

I would not wish thee here."

The titles in the next are rather unusual :

"In memory of Sally Ann Howey, daughter ot
Mr. Isaac and Mrs. Jane Howey, died 1833, aged 19
years."

A rather unusual name is that of Christopher
Spetigue.

Two verses follow the name of Robert Patterson
of Thorold, of the usual type —

* "Weep not for me, my mother dear,
I am not dead, but sleeping here," etc.

DUNDAS GRAVEYARD

The most difficult place for a stranger to find
was this, strange to say, on a hill, where it should be
conspicuous, but the beautiful trees which are always in
evidence, walnuts, oak, maple, elms, conceal the spot.
Such walnut trees would be difficult to find in any other
town. No very old stones were found here, but many
interesting inscriptions; here the nationality is recorded,
the greater part being from Scotland, some from Eng-
land and Ireland, one from France, one from Massachu-
setts.

The most familiar name found here is that of
Crooks, members of which family are buried in Niagara
and Grimsby. James, John and William were early
property holders in Niagara, as shewn in maps of 1795.
This monument was erected by Miss Jane Crooks, the
bodies being brought from West Flamboro, where they
were first buried. Francis Crooks, we find, was a mem-
ber of the Agricultural Society formed in Niagara in
1792, and in Washington Irving 's Astoria we find the
adventures of Ramsay Crooks, another member of the
family, on the Pacific coast.

The following is the inscription, in which no words
are wasted :

105

"Hon. James Crooks, 1778-^1860. Jane Gum-
ming, his wife, 1791 — 1861.

Children.

Frances, 1821 — 1890. Charles, 1830 — 1851. Archi-
bald, 1835 — 1886. Leah E., daughter of Thomas
Crooks, 1841 — 1862. James Crooks, Jr., 1811 — 1841.
Eleanor Dickie, his wife, 1816-^1884. Children, James
Ewart, 1838—1842. Ellen Eliza, 1841—1863."

From other graveyards we find that John
Crooks was born in Greenock, Scotland, and William in
Kilmarnock, but this monument gives no evidence of
what city was the place of birth of the Hon. James
Crooks. From the inscription in Grimsby, the family
must have come to Canada in 1791 or 1792.

A large monument has the record of a faithful
minister of the gospel :

"In memory of Rev. Mark Young Stark, A. M ,
for 31 years minister of the Presbyterian church of
Dundas. He was a faithful pastor, an earnest preacher,
much beloved of his flock, highly esteemed by his
brethren in the ministry, respected by all who knew
him and especially endeared to his family.

This stone is erected by his bereaved and sorrow-
ing widow and children. He was born at Dumfermline,
Scotland, 1799, ordained in 1833, died Jan., 1866.
'Well done good and faithful servant, enter thou into
the joy of thy Lord.'

"Agatha B. Street, his wife, died 1898, aged 82."

"In memory of Alexis Fidele Begue, a native of
France, died at Dundas, 1872, aged 66."

Another faithful and able minister is commemor-
ated :

"In loving memory of John Laing, born 1832,
died 1906, a native of Lanarkshire, Scotland. Lord
thou hast been our dwelling place. Ps. 90, I."

"Mary Gartshore, relict of the late Alex. Laing,
died 1869, aged 65. Yea though I walk in death's
dark vale, yet will I fear no ill."

"In memory of Jane H. Davidson, wife of Rev.
J. S. Murrow, Indian missionary, A. to K. A., died
at Jersey ville, Ont., 1888, aged 62. At evening time
it shall be light. Zech. 14, 7. I shall be satisfied
when I awake in thy likeness. — Ps. 17, 15."

106

"In memory of Alexander Ogg and Elizabeth
Airth, his wife, natives of Aberdeenshire."

"Wm. Baker, a native of Barnard Castle, Durham,
England."

"Amos Parmenter, born in Framingham, Mass.,
U. S., 1797 — 1850. John n, 25."

The two little children, aged 4 and 6, of Rev. J.
Philp, are briefly commemorated by the words :

"The angels took her," and "Called Home."

The names of Overfield, Roxbrough, Notman,
Moir, Scott, Gamble, Fleming, McKee, Cummmg, Kil-
patrick, Weir, Knox, Steel, occur, and some of the
places of birth are : Hurlet, Dunfermline, Fifeshire,
Aberdeen, Scotland, and Warrington, England.

ST. ANNS.

This, like Dundas graveyard, is situated on a
hill, but, unlike it, is quite conspicuous from a dis-
tance with its many monuments and the Presbyterian
church near it, which this year of 1909 is about to
celebrate the centenary of its formation as a congrega-
tion.

Here are found many proofs of the early settle-
ment of this district, as several old stones are marked
1807, and one which could not be found has the
name of Jane Kennedy, died 1797. Traces of
Canadian and British history are here found, as the
Northwest Rebellion and the Boer War, in this little
country village, as well as of the Revolution and the
U. E. Loyalists driven here by ill-treatment for faith-
fulness to their King. A tall monument, the second
in size, also of a pioneer in the ministry, bears the in-
scription :

"In memory of Rev. D. W. Eastman, died Aug.,
1865, aged 87 years. Mr. Eastman was born in
Goshen, N.Y., in 1778. Came to Canada in 1801, and
at once entered on the work of the ministry with great
energy. He was the father of the Presbyterian churches
in the Niagara and Gore Districts, and for more than
half a century was eminently useful as a faithful and
zealous laborer in his Master's vineyard. His wife
died in 18/14 ; having lived a pious and useful life, she
died a calm and peaceful death."

107

"Bridget, second wife of Rev. D. W. Eastman,
died 1853, in her yist year."

All four sides of the monument are covered.

Two daughters married clergymen : "Phebe, wife
of Rev. J. H. Rice, aged 27, and Lydia, wife of Rev.
R. H. Close, died 1843, in her 28th year. Catherine
Keefer, beloved wife of Wm. 0. Eastman, died 1892,
aged 84 years."

Each name, except that of the veteran preacher,
is followed by an appropriate text : "He giveth His
beloved sleep, Blessed are the pure in heart, Precious in
the sight of the Lord is the death of His saints, There
remaineth therefore a rest for the people of God."

"In memory of Theresa M. Johnson, wife of John
A. Gowanlock, who, on April ist, 1885, was taken pri-
soner by Big Bear during the massacre at Frog Lake,
N.W.T., and after two months' captivity was rescued
by Col. Strange. Died Sept. I2th, 1889, aged 36
years."

"In memory of Lieut. John E. Burch, son of O.
and E. J. Burch, born at St. Anns, 1874, killed in
South Africa while leading a charge against the Boers,
July i6th, 1900."

Of a different type, the next, spending the most
of his long life near the site of his interment :

"In memory of Jhon, son of John and Charity
Kennedy, born in Sussex Co., N.J., 1787, came to this
province June, 1795, died 1874, aged 87. Was an hon-
ored elder of the Presbyterian church for more than
fifty years. A man ready for every good work. Blessed
are the dead who die in the Lord."

Several small brown stones have merely initials
and date, as skilled workmen no doubt were rare. One
has the words, "A. G. Snyder, 1807," and another a
little larger, "Here lies the body of Elizabeth Snyder,
wife of Adam Snyder, 1807, aged 66." The lettering
was rude, and some lines below indecipherable, being
filled with mould. A device formerly used, the energe-
tic use of a brush and water was here not available,
and, thinking some valuable information was hidden,
various plans were tried, the successful one being a
strong hairpin, the only result being these lines :

io8

"My friends, mourn not for me,
For why ? My race is run ;
It was the will of God,
So let His will be done."

The names most frequently found were Roszel
and Snyder. The largest monument is to Jacob Ros-
zel, bearing Masonic emblems. An old brown stone
tells that—

"Here lies the body of Charles Roszel, who was
born 1742, and departed this life 1817, aged 75 years."

Many seem to have attained great age, as Joseph
Snyder, born in New Jersey, 1780, died at St. Anns,
1 86 1, aged 86. His wife, 1872, aged 85.

"Benjamin Roszel, died 1869, aged 89 years. 'The
righteous hath hope in His death."

"Peter Snyder, born in New Jersey, 1783, died in
Gainsborough, 1868, aged 84."

"Here lies the body of Mary, wife of Charles
Roszel, died 1835, aged 89 years/

Adam Snyder, died 1826, aged 86."

One whose span of life was shorter :

"Here lies George Hansel, born 1789, died 1824 :

My flesh shall slumber in the ground
Till the last joyful trumpet sound,
Then burst the chains with sweet surprise,
And in my Saviour's image rise."

And one still yoimger —

"William Misner, killed by the falling of a tree,
aged 17.

Where we oft have met in gladness

On the holy Sabbath day,
Slowly now with tearful sadness

Each pursues his lonely way."

Another young life —
"Caroline Hoffman, aged 23.

Perhaps our time may be as short,

Our days may fly as fast,
O Lord impress the 'solemn thought
That this may be our last."

Scripture names abound, as Zedekiah Snyder, Is-
rael Taylor, Azuby, his wife, (probably Azubah,)
Israel Felker, etc.

Other names found were L,ampman, Pew, Mingle,

109

Merritt, Bowman, Freas, Ryckman, Havens, Huntsman,
Erion, Hitchcock, Fisher, Beamer.

SMITHVILLE METHODIST CHURCH.

Although Smith ville was settled very early,
named from Smith Griffin, (Nathaniel Griffin came in
1794,) there are very few inscriptions to shew early in-
terments. Three wives of Abishai Morse are recorded :

"To the memory of Sally B. Morse, consort of
Abishai Morse, died 1835, aged 26. This corruptible
must put on incorruption, and this mortal immorta-
lity."

"Sarah, consort of Abishai Morse, Esq., born
1811, died 1846, in the 3oth year of her age."

"Hannah, consort of Abishai Morse, Esq., died
1874, aged 47. A true and devoted Christian, a de-
voted wife, an excellent and affectionate mother. Her
last words were, "It is well."

"The children of Abishai and Sally B. Morse. 'It
is the Lord, let Him do what seemeth him good.' Isa.
14, 18."

"Abishai Morse, J.P., son of Peter and Deborah,
born at Moravia, N.Y., 1805, died 1887. An able
minister of the Lord Jesus, patriotic and useful public
servant, and a leader in every good cause. 'Know ye
not that a Prince and a great man hath fallen this
day ?"

"In memory of Peter Morse, 1773 — 1832."

"In memory of Simon Emerson, born in Man-
chester, New Hampshire, U. S., 1810, died 1860."

The oldest inscription found was to Hiram Sha-
val, died 1807.

"John Henry Miller, who was killed by the fall
of a horse, 1833."

"In memory of Maria Bridgman, 1806 — 1903,
aged 97. 'I have kept the faith.' "

John P. Bridgman, Jacob M. Griffin, Abijah
Urquhart.

"In memory of Michael W. Turner, M. D., died
1861, aged 29. 'Prepare to meet thy God.' "

Of a goodly age were H, Howard and wife, 88 and
85 years respectively.

The names of Nixon, Bouck, Merritt, Teeter and
Russ are also found here.

SMITHVILLE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

In this, the place of birth given is generally Scot-
land and Scottish thistles are found on the tombstones.

"In memory of Thomas Irvine, born at Deerness,
Orkney, Scotland, 1809 — 1891. 'I shall rise.' "

"In memory of John Tait, a native of Peeble-
shire, Scotland."

"In memory of Amelia, daughter of Rev. Charles
Neale, B. A., formerly rector of Turk's Island, Baha-
mas."

"In memory of Richard W. Gobb, born in Pavi-
lion, N. Y."

"John M. Durkee, aged 21. 'It is well.' "

A husband and wife attained a goodly age — R. C.
Griffin, 1805—1886, and Mehitable Acker, wife of R. C.
Griffin, 1808—1892.

Other names found were, McMunchee, Roy, Hull,
Theal, Ness, Patterson, Hill, Oill, Field, Pysher.

HESS BURIAL GROUND.

One of the earliest families to settle here, owning
many acres, and here it is estimated there were 210
burials. Unfenced for years, there is now a fine group
of trees and the graves and tombstones are difficult to
trace from the rank weeds and shrubs. The oldest in-
scription is that of the first owner :

"In memory of Charity Hess, who died 5th Nov.,
1804, aged 64 years."

"In memory of Jacob Hess, who was born Nov.
i6th, 1766, and departed this life Oct. 7th, 1823, aged
57 yrs., 9 m., 7 d."

"In memory of Michael Hess, who died 5th Nov.,
1808, aged 67."

"John C., son of D. K. and Catharine Servos,
died Sept. I9th, 1821, M. 2 yrs., i m., 9 days."

These stones are all of grey limestone.

Several small ones, very old, have merely ini-
tials, "M.R.," "A.R." ; another "S.R.," supposed to
represent the Rymal family.

"In memory of Jane, wife of John Snyder, born
nth Apr., 1781, died nth May, 1820." This is a
very massive stone.

Ill

A small marble stone has this inscription :
"William, son of Isaac and Sarah Swackhammer,
died 1862, aged one year, 8 mos.

We loved this tender little one

And would have wished him stay,
But, let our Father's will be done ;

He shines in endless day."

GEORGE HAMILTON FAMILY GRAVEYARD,

Here on the mountain were interred many
members of the family of George Hamilton,
from whom the city was named. Other fami-
lies availed themselves of this beautiful spot, but
as the city grew the land was needed, and in 1894
the city became the owner, granting the family a plot
in the cemetery and erecting an imposing granite monu-
ment to George Hamilton. The remains of the dead
were removed with one exception, and interred in the
city cemetery, so that now there is little trace of this
old burial spot.

BARTON GRAVEYARD.

The land for the church was granted by the
Rymals. A stone wall surrounds the two acres of
ground, and many modern as well as old tombstones
and monuments are found, as well as unmarked graves
of early settlers. The earliest here were the families of
Filman, Rousseaux, Secord, Rymal, Terryberry, Kern.
The first church was Union, and built about 1824, and
at one time was used as a hospital during a period of
fever and cholera, 1832. On a large heavy grey head-
stone a rather remarkable effusion in verse appears :

"In memory of Alice, wife of Jas. B. Hnglish, who
died 1837.

Mourn not for me
My partner dear,
Low I must lay
Till Christ appear,
At whose arrive
A joyful rising
I hope to have
From the grave."

"Sacred to the memory of Philip Flock, who
died 1828, aged 71. Funeral text — Ecc. 9th chap.,

112

1 2th verse : 'For man also knoweth not his time.' "

"Anne May Flock, died 1820. Deborah Kern,

1835."

Near the church, "Sacred to the memory of his
reverend father, John French, who died 1825, Trusting
in his Saviour's merits."

One branch *of the Secord family settled here, as
well as of the Servos family, though the greater part
of these U. E. Loyalist families settled near Niagara.
Here are buried Col. D. K. Servos, and his wife, Cath-
erine Rousseaux, daughter of Jean Baptiste Rousseaux,
of the Indian department ; also Mary B. Rousseaux,
wife of Major Elijah Secord.

Here also rests the body of Jacob Rymal, who
died 1856, aged 66 years.

FORT ERIE.

On the pillar erected at Fort Erie, where, by an
explosion, at the attack of the Fort just when the Bri-
tish had gained an entrance, and fearful loss of life en-
sued, the brother of General Drummond, who conducted
the siege, being among the number, is found this in-
scription :

"Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori. In mem-
ory of the officers and seamen of the Royal Navy, the
officers, non-commissioned officers and privates of the
Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers, Royal Marines, ist
Royal Scots, igth Light Dragoons, 6th, 8th
(King's), 4ist, 82d, 89th, iO3d, io4th and De Watte-
ville's Regiments, the Glengarry Light Infantry and the
Incorporated Militia, who fell during the siege of Fort
Erie, August and September, 1814.

Officers killed during the siege of Fort Erie : —
Col. Hercules Scott, io3d Regt. ; Lieut. -Col. William
Drummond, iO4th Regt. ; Lieut-Col. John Gordon,
Royal Scots ; Capt. R. D. Patteson, 6th Regt. ; Capt.
Torrens, 8th Regt. ; Capt. J. M. WriSht, 82d Regt. ;
Capt. Ed. Walker, Incor. Militia ; Lieut. Copies Rad-
cliffe, R. N. ; Lieut. Noel, Royal Scots ; Lieut. J. Rut-
ledge, Royal Scots ; Lieut. Barstow, 8th Regt. ; Lieut.
Pillichody, De Watteville Regt.; Ensign E. Langford,
82d Regt.

Pillar Erected at Fort Erie.

Butler's Graveyard.

As it is well for us to remember the names of
those who gave their lives in helping the mother coun-
try in the late Boer war, the following list is given
from the monument in St. Catharines, originally er-
ected for one man, and he a private :

"Erected to the memory of Private Alexander
Watson, 9oth Winnipeg Batt. Rifles, Canadian Volun-
teers, and his companions in arms, who fell in battle
during the Rebellion in the N. W. T., A.D. 1885. 'Dulce
et decorum est pro patria mori.'

Lt.-Col. A. T. H. Williams, Battleford Rifles, N.
W. M. Police ; Corp. W. H. T. Lowry, R. B. Sleish,
Const. P. Burke, Boulton Scouts ; Capt. E. L. Brown,
J. French, Intelligence Corps, at Duck Lake, Fish Creek,
Cut Knife, Batoche ; W. Cook, W. Phillips, C. Co., I.
S. C. ; Private J. Watson, Bugler H. Foulkes, G. G. F.
Guards ; Private J. Rogers ; Private Osgoode, loth
Royal Grenadiers ; Lieut. W. Fitch, Private T. Moore,
9oth Battl'n Rifles ; Lieut. C. Swinford, Corp. J. Code,
Private A. W. Ferguson, J. Hutchinson, W. Ennis, R.
R. Hardisty, J. Fraser, G. Wheeler, Private T. H. Da-
manolley, Lieut. A. W. Keppen.

Major Henry M. Arnold, goth Winnipeg Rifles
Capt. 2nd Special Service Battalion, R. C.R.I., died
Feb. 23d, 1900, from wounds received in action at
Paardeburg Drift, South Africa, Feb. i8th, 1900.

Lieut. J. Edgar Burgh, Adjt. 2d Dragoons, at-
tached to ist Battalion C.M.R., on special duty, killed
in action near Pretoria, South Africa, July i6th, 1900

Private Archibald Radcliffe, ist Battalion C. M.
R., 2d Troop, A. Squadron, Field Force, South Africa,
killed near Belfast, S. A., Sep. 23d, IQOO ; Corp. Robt.
Irwin, 1 9th St. Catharines Regt., wounded at Houtuck,
South Africa, May ist, 1900, died in Bloomfontein, S
A., July ist, 1900.

HISTORICAL, INSCRIPTIONS.

A few inscriptions omitted in their proper place
here follow. When excavating for the Welland canal,
the bodies of sixteen American soldiers, who had fallen
at the battle of Beaverdams, were found. A monu-
ment was placed with the simple inscription :
"Beaver Dams, 24th June, 1813."

Since this is the record not only of graves but
inscriptions, there must not be omitted the inscriptions
placed lately by the Niagara Historical Society in the
town and neighborhood. Seven of these are of Queen-
ston stone, three feet high, eighteen inches square, eigh-
teen inches above the ground, with sloping face for in-
scription. The eighth is a white marble tablet placed
on the wall of a building. The first at Fort George :

"Near this spot Gen. Sir Isaac Brock was buried
from 1812 to 1824."

In the Chautauqua grounds, formerly Crookston,
where the American soldiers landed :

"Here were found in Aug., 1899, the remains oi
three soldiers who fell in defence of their country, May
27th, 1813."

On the common near Butler's Barracks :

"The site of the Military Hospital and Indian
Council House."

At the foot of King street :

"The site of the Gleaner Printing Office, 1817, and
Masonic Hall, 1792."

At the old King's Wharf :

"The site of Navy Hall, the long low building
near is supposed to have been one of those used by
Gov. Simcoe in 1792."

About three miles up the River Road :

"House of Count de Puisaye, a French Refugee,
1799."

In the market square close to the court house :

"Government House, built in time of Gov. Sim-
coe, burnt in 1812."

On the building :

"Niagara Court House, built for United Counties
of lyincoln, Welland and Haldimand in 1847."

Seven were placed in 1901. The last in 1902.

To each of these is added the words—

"This inscription is placed by the Niagara Histo-
rical Society, 1901.

j >

I quote from memory, from an unknown writer,
perhaps with interpolations of my own :

"Of those who have gone over to the silent major-
ity, who lie under costly monuments, in unknown
graves, or under modest tombstone, soldiers or pion-
eers, 0 strong hands, O stout hearts, 0 brave souls, so
long dust, who bore the brunt of privation and danger,
who fought and bled that we might be safe, who felled
mighty trees and fared scantily that we might have full
and plenty, we would not that your names, nor your
deeds be forgotten, and so we pen these lines to your
memory."

MENNONITE GRAVEYARD.

In some unaccountable way the following was
omitted in its proper place :

In the Mennonite graveyard near Jordan are
buried many old pioneers or their descendants.

"In memory of Nicholas Clause, died Sept. i8th,
1876, aged 80 years."

"Rosanna Everett died Nov. 6th, 1876, aged 82
years."

"Moses Grobb died May 2nd, 1877, aged 70
years."

"In memory of Thomas Waters, died Dec. 4th,
1849, aged 88 years. Judy Waters died Jan. i8th,
1837, aged 75 years."

"In memory of Samuel Moyer, born in Pa., July
25th, 1798, died Oct. 4th, 1874, aged 76 years."

"Henry Orth, died 1834, aged 53 years."

"Here lies the body of Peter Couse, who departed
this life Aug. 26th, 1812, aged 45 years. The rich and
the poor meet together."

c 'Philip High died Sept. I5th, 1838, aged 69
years. Elizabeth High died Oct. 2ist, 1860, aged 86
years."

RIDGEWAY.

In the Methodist church at Ridgeway, known as
the Memorial church, is a tablet erected in memory of
the volunteers killed at the Battle of Ridgeway in what
is known as the Fenian Raid. The base of the tablet
was laid I5th Sept., 1874, under Masonic auspices,
with a very imposing ceremony. The marble tablet
bears the following inscription :

"Sacred to the memory of the Ridgeway martyrs,
who fell defending their country in the attempted
Fenian invasion, June, 1866. Malcolm McEachren,
Ensign Queen's Own, killed. Hugh Matheson, Ser-
geant, Queen's Own, died of wounds. William Smith,
Queen's Own, killed. Christopher Anderson, Queen's
Own, killed. John H. Mewburn, Queen's Own, killed.
Francis Laky, Corporal, Queen's Own, killed. Mark
Defries, Queen's Own, killed. William F. Tempest,
Queen's Own, killed. Malcolm McKenzie, Queen's Own,
killed."

"Go strew his ashes to the wind

Whose sword or voice has served mankind,

And is he dead whose glorious mind

Lifts him on nigh ?
To live in hearts we leave behind

Is not to die."

Erected by citizens in the vicinity of the battle
ground, 1874.

119

INDEX.

Aberdeen, Dr. R 64

^ Acker, M 110

Adam, A 54

"*• Adams, S. 50

vAdair, C 81

~ Adair, D. & A 80, 81

Addison, Rev.R.19, 20, 25, 27, 49

Aikman, J 92

^Aird, J 95

^Airth, B 106

Alexander, Rev. J. L 87

Allen, I. H 75

Alma, J. L. & B 24

Anderson, Rev. J 73

^Anderson, C 117

Anderson, C. B. & W 23

v Anger, J. A. & J. G 74

Arnold, Rev. Canon 24

vArnold, Major H. M 114

Attwater, M 38

Bald, C 71

Ball, Jacob 9, 67, 98

* Ball, C 50

Ball, P 9, 10, 46

v Ball, Capt. J 46

v Ball, G. M 10, 93

vBall, Geo 9, 10, 46

tBall, M 9, 10

Ball, J. W: 10

Ball, E 46

s Ball, S. W 98

"Ball, W. M. & R. N 30

^ Ball, W. H. & M. B 67

*Ball, H. C 67

"^Ball, J. C 9, 67, 98

^ Ball, M. M 99

Baker, W 106

Barr, J 31

•*• Battle, Jno 98

- Barstow, Lt 112

Bates, P 83

Battersby, Com 91

Battersby, B. & M 91

*" Baxter, Judge Geo 98

Baxter, A 24, 25

"Beale, P. (Capt.) 26

Beam. J 44, 80, 81, 83

"Beam, M. D 44

• Beamer, R 87

Beamer, J. D. S. & C 89

Beamer, J. S. & C 89

Bearss, J 76

Beavan, Rev. Prof 24

Becket, M 70

Bedell, S 85

Bell, W 65

-Bellinger, P 11

Benner, J. & S 77

Bemis, O 69

"Bernie, H. G 92

Bergman, B 86

Berninger, M. A 46

Berrle, H. B 91

Biggar, M 39

_Bishopp, Hon. C. 56, 58

Billing, L. & F 64

-Black, J. M 31

»Blanck, L 12

Boisaubin, M. V 36

-Bougner, M 82

vBougner, Mrs 80

^Bowman, D 54

'Bowman, A 97

Boyd, Jno 35

'Bovle, M 98

-Boyle, J 103

Brabazon, G. G 84

Brackbill, J. & S 71

Brady, A ••**

-Bradt, D 102

Braddon, P 23

Brock, Gen. Sir 1 10, 38

41, 42, 102, 103, 115
Brock, I. 75

v Brooks, M 96

Brown, P. & J n

Brown, Lt. J 68

Brown, A 44, e

Brown, Capt. J 69

Brown, Maj. A 44

' Brown, Capt. B. L. 114

Brown, M 10

Brown, J 10, 71

Bridgman, M. & J. P 109

120

-Burch, J 61

Burch, Lt. J. B 107

^Burger, A. J. & P 68

,Burkholder, C. P. & S 79

^Bushay, C 102

Burns, T 34, 51

Burns, Rev. J 32, 53, 51

Burns, J. E 34

* Burgh, J. B 114

-Burke, P 114

Butler, Col. J 6, 8, 15, 92

Butler, Judge T 8

Butler, T 6, 8

Butler, M 76, 8.7

Butler, H. B. & J 8

Cain, B 9, 93, 94

Callander, Rev. J 82

Cameron, W 14

Campbell, Maj. D 18

Campbell, Dr. D 30

Campbell, Rev. C 32

Carl, B 69

Carruthers, M 40

Cassaday, J 22

Casselman, W 93

Caughill, G 93

" Carnathan, R. & A 28

^ Carr, R 99

Chambers, 1 86

* Chaplin, M. & R 71

^ Chisholm, A. & M. ...„ 34

* Christie, J 37

^ Chisholm, J 54

Clark, Col. J 50

Clark, Hon. T 62

^ Clark, M. M 63

^Clarke, Rev. J. S 24

^ Glaus, J 6, 77

Glaus, W, 6

v Glaus, N. & M 102

Clause, N 116

Cleland, Rev. W 33

Clement, J 15, 93

Clement, J. B 44

^ Clement, M. P 93

Clement, Col. J 44

Clement, J 45

4 Clement, J. & C. & S 93

Clench, Judge R....6, 7, 15, 16

% Clench, B. E. ..; 7

Clench, E 15

^Clendennan, A 102

Clow, M .'.'..45

Cockroft, J 63

Connolly, G 19

vCode, J 114

N Cole, E. & S 96

* Cook, W 114

Coon, S 88

Cooper, J. B. & H 30

Copfer, E 64

NCotton, Capt 78

Cottingham, Rev. H 24

Corwin, S 81

vCorwin, L. & J 103

NCouke, G 65

Couse, P 117

xCorus, C 93

Cox, S 8

Craine, T 64

Crane, S 35

Crawford, R. 84

.Crawford, J. W 85

Creed, O 26

Creen, Rev. T 20, 25

Crooks, M 88

x Crooks, M. B 87

Crcov- 29, 105

Crooks, W. & M 87, 88, 105

Crooks, Hon. J 105

Cruikshank, Rev. J 32

Crysler, M 67

Crysler, W 44

Gumming, J 105

Gumming, J. & S. & T 63

- Cunningham, P 58

Cunningham, A 23

~Currie, L 29

Danner, J. & R 76

Dangethy, M 83

Davis, Capt 67

Davis, N. & D 67

v Davidson, M 94

^Davidson, J. H 105

^•Davidson, W. S. J. & D 31

\Damanolly, T. H 114

Deare, Capt. G 18

Dee, R. H 55

M)efries, M 117

Delatre, P. C. Col 59

De Graff, H 16

D'Bverardo, D 70

Dewy, M 44

^Dickson, M. W 61

Dickson, Hon. R 19

Dickson, J. J 19

121

Dickson, Hon. W. & C. A 19

Dickson, T. E. & J. A 39

Dixie, R 55

Douglas, J 89

Dufelt, M. M 45

NDuff, J. A 40

Dun, Rev. J 32

Durand, J. & K 91

NDurand, C. B 39

xDurkee, J. M 110

Durham, J 45

Earl, M 61

Easton, T 17

Eastman, C. K. & B 107

^Eastman, Rev. D. W 106

Edson, J 35

Eglesum, J 30

Eldridge, F 71

Elliot, Lt.-Col 18

vEmery, J 24, 98

-Emerson, S 109

"English, A Ill

VEnnis, W 114

Everett, J 101

Everett, R 116

Fanning, T 84

•"Pagan, Capt. T 95

^Fairweather, J 32

-Falconer, J 32

^Fawcett, J 103

Ferguson, T 32

"Ferguson, A. W 114

> Fell, Mrs 28

^Felker, J 108

Field, G. & D 10

^Field, J. & M 31

^ Fitch, W 114

Fletcher, T 17

Fleming, J. & T 64

" Flock, P Ill

-Flock, A. W 112

Fortman, C 85

Forsyth, G 14

Foly, T 102

Fox, J 85

- Foulkes, H 114

Fraser, J 114

Fraser, Rev. T 32

Frazer, Dr. J 71

- Franklin, J 96

^ French, J 112, 114 -

Freed, C *2

Freel, H 6 -

Freel, D 7

Frey, H., Capt. B 49

~ Frettz, J 102

Friller, E 86

Fuller, Rev. T. B 80

-Fuller, C. S 80

Gage, W. & S 83

Gage, Capt. J 83

Gage, C 84

Gainer, J 69

Galbraith, C 85

* Gallagher, H 95

•Gardiner, C. R 92

Gardiner, A 26

Garrett, Capt. A 24

•"Gartshore, M 105

-Gildia, D 96

Glover, M 86

Goforth, T 65

-Gobb, R. -W 110

Goldsmith, E 79

Gonder, J. & M 94

Gonder, M. A. & M. D 94

Gorman, R 85

Gordon, Col. J 58, 112

Gordon, C 49

Gould, H 70

Gourlay, Col 80

-Gowanlock, T. M 107

Graham, A 21

Graham. R 74

- Graff, De H 16

Grant, R 67

Grantham, Dr 77, 78

Grass, G 46

Green, C 85

-.Griffin. S. &N 109

- Griffin. R. C. & M 110

Grier, W. & J W

-Grier. Jno. & J 27

-Gregory, Col. P 9fi

-Gregory. J. F 96

Grobb, J. D. & A 101

Grobb. M H«

Grout, Rev. G. "R. F 86

-Griffin, T. M 109

-Griffin, R. C. & M. A HO

Ha<?ar. J. A. & M «5

Hall, Capt. G 53

Hall, C. L 24

* Hamilton. A. fr H. 0 39

Hamilton. Hon. "R.. 3«. 39, 40
Hamilton. C/& R. & K 40

122

* Hamilton, M 40

^ Hamilton, Hon. J. & Dr 40

* Hamilton, R. J. & C.M.J....80

^Hamilton, C. M 103

^ Hamilton, G Ill

Hansel, J. & 1 66

Hansel, A 65

* Hansel, G. 108

Hare, M 47

Hare, P. & Maj. P 47, 102

Hare, Col. P 47, 77

Harvey, U. B. & C 44

"Hardisty, R. R 114

Hemphill, Lt. W 59

Henry, D 16

Henderson, R. C 23

Herber, M. & H 64

Heron, A 20

Hersche, B 73, 74

^Hersche, A. R. & C 74

Hershey, B. & R 74

xHess, M. J. & C 110

Hibbard, C. M. & A 76

Hickson, M 62

High, P. & E ...|17

High, Rev. D 101

High, j ;;;;;;io2

Hill, T. & C 82

Hill, Maj. J. T. . "'96

Hiii, j ;; ;'"45

*Hill, W. & E. W 96

vHipple, L 102

vHickson, M 62

Hiscott, Capt. R '^19

Hixon, E 30

Hixon, M ...............81

Hobson, R ,...71

Hock, D 77

-Hoch, D ........100

-Hoffman, C 108

Holmes, H '.'."..35

^Hoover, C. A. & M ....67

"^Hoover, G 65

Hopkins, P. (Com.) ....23

-Honsberger, J 101

HHonsberger, E 101

Hostetter, D. & J 45

House, E 81

Hotchkis, H. ... 37

•^Howell, G .".'35

-Howey, S. A 104

•» Howard, H 109

Hull, Capt. A. E 59

- Hult, A 44

Humphrey, A 76

Hustler, T. & C 38

^Hurrell, M. N 63

^Hutchinson, J 114

~ Tngersoll, L 60

Ingersoll, C. & M 48

Ingersoll, S 50

Irving, Hon. J, AE 55

"Irving, P. AE 55

-Irvine, T 110

-Irwin, R 114

^Issler, J. & S 102

Ivese, O 92

James, R 66

Jarvis, H 40

-•Jarvis, A. H 29

Johnson, E 8

Johnson, R 11

Johnson, Col 8, 36

Johnson, Col. J. & D 78

•^Johnson, E. M. & J 90

-Johnson, H. E 92

^Johnson, T. M 107

^Johnston, C 24

Jolliffe, W 17

Jones, Col. A 72

Jones, Lit. A. & Lt. P 72

NTones, J 19

Jones, R 85

Jones, C 84

Keefer, Geo 66, 67, 97

^Keefer, M 97

^Keefer, C. L 98

-Keefer, C. H. & A 97

-Keefer, C 107

-Keefer, J. A. C. & H 97

Keith, D 52

-Kelly, Capt. J 95

Kennedy, B 34

Kennedy, J 10^, 107

^Keo. C 27

^Keppen, Lt. A. W 114

Kerr, Rev. M 24

Kerr, Dr. R. & B 12, 1

^Kerby, Col. J 73

Kilman, J 103

Kingsmill, Col. W 16, 72

Kingsmill, Capt. W. D. &

Lt. C. E 16

Kingsmill, L 17

^Kinsman. D 72

Kirby, Wm 27, 28

Kirkpatrick, J. & J. C 63

Kirkpatri'ck, M. H. H 63

Kitchen, W 88

" Koune, C. & E 27

Laird, J 69

-Laky, F 117

Lambier, J 85

Lampman, P 67

^•Lampman, C 67, 98

Land, S 85

vLand, R SO

vLaing, Rev. J. & M, G 105

^Langford, N 112

Laur, J. & S .75

Lawrence, G 93

Lawrence, S 35

^Lawrie, M. D. & J 34

Lawder, Judge J. M 30

Lawless, P 33

Lee, J 84

Leeming, Rev. W 54, 62, 66

Leeming, M. H 62

Leeming, Rev. R 90

"^Leonard, Maj. R 59

Lloyd, Adjt 14

London, R 84

NLowe, W 9

^Lowry, M. H. T 114

N Lundy, H. B 18

Lynch, Rev. J. P ...33

^Lymburner, D 58

Mabee, L 73

Mack, Dr. T 50

Macklem, T. & A 63

Macklem, O. T. & J. C 63

Matheson, D 92

vMatheson, H 117

^-Martin, A 99

McAfee, V. & D 73

McArthur, Rev. R. L 48

"* McClelland, J 99

McCulloch, J 31

^McCormick, T. & A.H 29

^ McCormick, Mrs. W 29

McDonald, D 29

McDonell, Col. J 38, 42

McDonnell, Lt. Adjt. R 33

McDougal, Col. D 33

x McDonongh, J 98

-McEachrin, M 117

McFarland, J 22, 31

McFarland, J. M 31

McGill, Rev. R 32

McHaffee, C. R 92

McKee, M. & A 21

McKee, Major 10

McKinley, R. & M 45

~ McKenzie, M 117

McLellan, Capt. M 14

- McLelland, J. M. 99

„ McLaughlin, P 34

McMicking, S 52

McMicking, T 52, 53

McMicking, M. 0 63

- McMicking, P 54

McMurray, Rev. W....20, 24, 25

- McMurray, A. B 24, 25

- McMurray, C. J 24

- McMurray, Win 92

McNabb, B 8, 9, 33

McNabb, Lt. C. A 8

McPherson, A. & J. L 31

Melville, B 92

Melville, Capt. R 17

"Meneilley, J 31

Merrill, J 81

Merrill, L 88

-Merritt, T. & M 47, 48

Merritt, Hon. W. H....10, 48, 50
Mewburn, J. H 117

-Mewburn, J. H. & J 55

-Mewburn, R. C. C 103

Middaugh, J 52

Midgeley, J 17

Miller, Col. W. D 30, 31

Miller, A 37

Miller, R. (Q.C.) 51

-Miller, Col. R 31

- Miller, J. H 109

Milne, Lt. W 91

Misener, G. & J 70

Misener, W 108

Mittleberger, S. 1 50

Montgomery, S 52

Morgan, Rev. T 82

Morrison, C 114

Moore, T 114

Moore, J. & D 86

-Morse, A. & P 109

- Morse, S. B. & A 109

- Morse, S. & H 109

- Monro, J 28

Mowat, Rev. J. B 32

Moyer, S 116

Muir, B. G. & D 89

Muirhead, Dr. Jas 6, 7

— Muirhead, B 7

- Munro, J 54

•Munro, J. & E 99

Murray, A 53

Murray, J. H 23

Murray, Capt. T 95

Murrow, J. H 105

Neff, B. & J 78

Nelles, Col. R 49, 85

Nelles, B. & M 85

Nelles, Hon. A 86

-Neil, Capt. J 95

^Neale, A HO

- Neelon, J. & N 96

Nelson, Capt. G 37

Northup, Com. J 48

.Noel, Lt • H2

Norton, C. F 85

Oakley, Rev. J 34, 35

-Ogg, A. & E. A 106

Ormsbry, Maj. A 63

Orth, H H6

Ottley, M 55

Ostrander, M. C 45

~ Osgoode, Prvt 114

- Overholt, C 10

Paffard, K. H 18

Page, M 43

Page, J 69

Patteson, Capt. R. D. ...58, 1.

•- Patterson, R 104

. Patterson, E 99

~ Parmenter, A 106

- Pawling, N. & G. A 11

Paynter, A 18

-Pettitt, E. F. & J. S 86

Pettitt, S. C. & M 93

.Pettitt, M. G 86

- Penfold, R 85

Phelps, O. S. & 0 51

Phelps, A 50

Phelps, E 70

JPhilp, Rev. J 106

Philipps, Rev. H. N 24

Philipps, W 114

- Pillichoddy, Lt 112

Plato, J. M 64, 74

Plumb, E 25

Powell, S. & W. D 49

Powell, W. & R 74

Powell, M 24

"Pointer, R. & D 27

- Poe, Adjt. T 37

124

Prendergast, P. & Dr. J 48

Prendergast, C. R 50

Prest, J 44

Price, D 94

Prideaux, Gen 36

Priestman, J 68

- Puisaye, Gen 115

Quick, S 43

Radcliffe, Capt. C 15, 112

« Radcliffe, Lt. C 112

^Radcliffe, A 114

Randall, R 59

"Randall, E 71

Read, G ...47

^Read, T 96

Rice, Dr. T. & H 71

xRice, P 107

Richie, A. & M. L 89

^Richardson, Major 7

Richardson, M. C 7

Richardson, B. E. & C 7

Rist, J. & R 7

- Rittenhouse, J.F. & E.H. ...101
"Rittenhouse, M. H 102

Roe, Rev. P 24

-Robertson, C 95

Rogers, M 22

•^Rogers, A. & M 27

-Rogers, A 26, 27

^•Rogers, J 27, 31, 114

Rolls, Dr. H. & C 50

Rolt, H 81

Rolph, Rev. R 24

-Rowe, Capt. J 51

-7Rowe, L. & M 51

LRowe, M. B 98

JjRousseaux, M. B. & C 112

^Rousseaux, J. B 25, 92

^Rousseaux, G. & M. 92

-Rooth, Maj. B 72, 73

Ross, A 59

Ross, J 31

•Roxburgh, E.M. & Capt. A.. .92

Rorback, A 55

Roszel, J. & C 108

-Roszel, B. & M 108

Rutledge, Lt 112

Russell, Rev. J 53

Ryerson, Rev. S. E 76

^Rymal, J 110, 112

. John, L 50

Schoolcraft, J 24, 89

Sage, A 38

125

Sampson, Rev. W 86

- Scott, Col. H 112

Schqnsaur, J. M 17

Sebum, M. & S 65

Secord, Maj. D 43

Secord, M. B 112

Secord, R. & P 44

Secord, W. B. & S 45

Secord, Lt. S 45, 46, 47

Secord, S. A 49

Secord, S 46

Secord, Laura 1 60, 65

Secord, Jas 61

^ Secord, D. & J 45, 99

Secord, M. M 99

Servos, Col. J. D 9

Servos, B. & M 8

Servos, Capt. D 8,9

-Servos, C. R 112

•^Servos, Mrs. M 8, 9

Servos, W.S. & C.B 50

-Servos, Col. P. & D 29

Servos, J. C 110

-Servos, Col. D. K 112

Sewell, H, B 18

-Seymour, J 100

-Shaval, H 109

Sheed, Rev. G 92

-Shannon, J 98

Shipman, P 47

Showers, Maj. D 91

Showers, B 10, 91

-Sibbald, Miss F 2,3

Simmerman, H 88

Singer, P 69

Singer, A. R 76

Sidey, Geo 72

Skelley, D 81

-Sleish, R. B 114

-Smith, W 117

* Snow, A 36

Snyder, A. G. & B 107

Snyder, A. & J 108

Snyder, P. & Z 108

Snyder, J 110

Soules, R 85

Spedding, T 75

Spence, J. & S 100

Spencer, T. & J 69

* Spetigue, C 104

* Squires, R 85

Stanton, Gen. W 72

Stevenson, M. B 7

Stevenson, S. S 49

Stevenson, E. A 27

Stevenson, Mrs 33

Stevenson, J. A 19, 27

Stevenson, J. G 7, 49

^.Stevens, J 93

^Stevens, F 99

^Stark, Rev. M. Y 105

^Stark, A. B. S 105

^Street, A. B 105

Street, S 49, 61

-Street, T. N. & A 61

Street, T. C 61

Swayze, M. & N 45

Swayze, H. & M 65

-Swayzie, A. & 1 103

'Swayzie, M 65

•Swackhammer, W Ill

-Swinford, C 114

- Tannahill, M. A 9, 26

-Tait, J 110

Taylor, V. H 23

Taylor, O 79

-Taylor, Mrs. G 28

-Taylor, J. L 69

'Taylor, T 29, 69

• Taylor, I. & A 108

-Tempest, W. F 117

Tench, Capt. J. H 40

Tench, K. & M 40

-Tesky, T 58

Theal, O. & Z 66

Thomson, A 52, 54

Thomson, Capt. D 20, 25

Thomson, J 52

^Thompson, A.H. & J.M 99

-Thomas, M 99

-Thomas, J. S 100

-Thorburn, D 54

Todd, Capt. D. B 59

Torrens, Capt 58, 112

Townsend, B. H 40

Trion, C 81

Turney, R. U 21

Turney, Capt. Geo. & Lt. J...51

-Turner, Dr. M. W 109

Upper, J 68

Ussher, B 60

Urquhart, Capt. J 92

Urquhart, A 109

Vanderburgh, J. & M 70

Van Every, W. & E 45

Van Every, J 46

126

Varey, Geo. , 35 - Wilson, R 27

Vernon, C. F. W 23 •* Wilson, Jno. & J 26

Vrooman, S. S 10, 11 - Wilson, Dr. R. M 23

Vrooman, N. M 11 - Wilson, A. & M 26

Vrooman, D 53 —Wilson, Com. T 55

.Wagstaff, J. & S 31 - Williams S 98

Wagstafl, B. R 31 - Williams, Col. A. T. H 114

Walker, S 88 - Willis, P 102

^Walker, B 96 . Wolverton, J. & M 87

-Walker, W. A 98 Wolverton, Hon. D 88

'Walker, Capt. B 112 — Wolverton, Dr. J 88

Warner, C 45, 46 -" Wolverton, E. B 86

Warren, Col. J 72 Wolverton, C. & J 87, 88

Watson, M 61 Woodruff, E. & S 44

Watson, J. & B 71 Woodruff, A. C 44

Watson, A. & J 114 Woodruff, R. & M. A 44

Waters, T. & J 116 Wray, J 20

Waud, J. F 64 Wright, C 14, 25

Weir, B. H 81 -Wright, Wm. (R. Bng.) 31

Whitmore, J. & M 8 Wright, R. D 25

Whitmore, B. M 28 « Wright, Capt. J. M 112

Whitmore, M. S 8 Yeager, M 85

Whitelaw, Dr. J 30, 31 Young, C. & J 30

Wheeler, G 114 Young, Rev. J 32

Whitten, J 22 Zieger, A. M 66

Willick, N 64 - Zimmerman, S 44

Williams, Rev. L 48 Zimmerman, L 75

Wintermute, J 74 Zimmerman, M. A 44

"DUCIT AMOR PATRICE"

NIAGARA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

NO. 2O

Reminiscences of the Fenian Raid 1866

By Charles Hunter.

Reminiscences of Niagara and St. Davids

By Mrs. J. G. Currie

Canadian Confederation in the Making with
some Glimpses at the Confederators

By Rev. A. F. MacGregor, B. A.

Translation of Part of the Journal of
Thomas de Boucherville

tt>-'^

PRICE - 20 Cents

'THE TIMES" PRINT, NIAGARA, 1911

••

•»>A

PREFACE

TTN presenting our twentieth pamphlet to our members and the
-*- public generally we wish to thank the writers who hav) enabled
us to give glimpses of Canadian life expending over a full cent-
ury. We are pleased to give the picture of the Monument on
Queenston Heights and of Mrs. Currie chiefly by whose earnest
solicitation the grant of $2,000 was given. The inscription on the
Monument reads thus ; ''This Monnment has been erected by the
Government of Canada to Laura Insrersoll Secord, who saved her
husband's life on these Heights, 13 Oct., 1812, and who risked her
own in conveying to Col. Fitzgibbon information by which he won
the victoiy of Beaver Dams Jnly 24th, 1813"

REMINISCENCES

OF THE

"FENIAN RAID"

BY CHARLES HUNTER.

PART I.

Through the years of 1864 and 1865 and early months of 1866
Canadian Towns bordering upon the United States were in great
alarm and constant anxiety through rumours of invasion by the
Fenian Brotherhood, to whom nocked numberless hardy veterans of
the Civil War fresh from battle fields of the South, eager to fight,
no matter where or when, while Canadian newspapers were full of
disquieting rumours as to vast accumulations of military stores and
of threatened invasion.

On December 20th, 1864, thirty companies of Canadian Volun-
teers were called out by the Militia Department for Frontier Service
in three Battalions of ten companies each, Headquarters to be re-
spectively at Windsor, Niagara and La Prairie, the companies to be
sixty-five strong exclusive of officers.

The Barrie Rifles, officered by Captain McKenzie, Lieutenant
O'Brien, and Ensign Ormsby were fortunate, and received orders to
proceed with the Collingwood Rifles on the 28th December to
Niagara, and report to the Officer Commanding. And now a word
as to the Uarrie Rifles, and to go back a little.

In 1855 the Canadian Militia in the Province of Ontario consist-
ed of a few scattered and independent Rifle companies, of these "The
Barrie Rifles" was the first gazetted on 27th December, 1855, W. S.
Durie, Captain The first and third Rifle Companies of Toronto,
were next gazetted on 20th March, 1«56. In 1860 at Toronto a
Battalion was formed consisting of six companies, called the second
Battalion Volunteer Rifles of Canada, to which the Barrie and
Whitby companies were invited to belong, Toronto being able to
furnish only four companies, the Barrie company being No. 1, and
their Captain W. S Durie, becoming Lieutenant-Colonel of the
Regiment. In 1863 the second Battalion of Volunteer Rifles, be-
came the now famous "Queen's Own Rifles," composed entirely of

City companies, while the Barrie, and Whitby companies, again be-
came independent.

Early in 1864 I left the Barrie Grammar School and became a
law student in the firm of Messrs. Ardagh & Ardagh, Barristers, etc.,
in Barrie, while in the firm of Messrs. Boulton & McCarthy, a few
doors away were two close chums and schoolmates, Willie Irvvin, son
of the Head Master of the Barrie Grammar School, and Walter
Keating, son of an Irish gentleman settled in Barrie. As at this
time the newspapers were printing most disturbing rumours as to all
possible and impossible Fenian doings, which stirred the townspeople
greatly, while creating a distinctly warlike spirit, it is not surprising
that the tone of our frequent meetings was of a like character. This
soon brought about a visit to a popular Barrister, Lieutenant Wil-
liam O'Brien of the Barrie Rifles, (now Colonel O'Brien of Shanty
Bay), expressing our desire to join, and who, though at first refusing
to entertain the proposition, at last consented if our familier. agreed,
which they finally did, greatly to his surprise, and only upon his
promise to look after us closely. So soon as the fact that we hud
joined the company became known, the Rector's nephew, James
Anderson, another close friend insisted on going also, greatly to the
distress of the Rector and other relatives, as he was inclined to be
delicate, he also had his way. This was too much for another school-
mate, Harry Ardagh, of Orillia, who also joined, while other boys
were urging their parents for permission to do so. At this time
Lieutenant O'Brien called a halt, and would have no more of our
friends, saying he already had too many of us. I may say that the
eldest of our party was not yet 18 years of age.

Christmas Day fell on a Sunday in 1864, and I shall never
forget the gloom that overshadowed the Christmas festivities in
Barrie homes, or the Rector's sermon, with the deadly stillness, the
broken voices and stiffled sobs of those we loved. We were only
lads, and in our excitement at being selected had not counted the
cost, but now we learned "that war has its darker side." The la^fc
days in B^rrie fairly dragged along, notwithstanding frequent stren-
uous drills and watching crowds, as Captain McKenzie was very
proud of the Barrie Rifles, and a glutton for work.

VVe ware to leave early in the morning of the 28th December,
and with what loving care were our knapsacks packed for us, with
little luxuries slipped in, that we would not see, but later had to be
removed before inspection was made for just such articles. Irwin
and myself living out of Town, said our last good-bye, and who can
tell the sadness of those partings, then drove in together to the
Armoury, and marched to the station. The hour was* earlv, but the

whole town an«J surrounding country seemed there, The Company
"fell out," ?nd mingled with their waiting friends, each dark coated
Rifleman, the centre of sad and troubled groups, to whom ia the
peaceful quiet of their daily life, war had no thought or place, and its
sudden call for their sons left them broken hearted facing unknown
sorrows. The train whistled in the distance, the bugle sounded
hurried farewell greetings, there was little cheering as the train pul-
led out, it was like the passiog of a funeral, as friends and relatives
alike were sure we should not return alive; and though we could not
see it then the partings had also an amusing side, as this fear caused
the farewells to be of an unusually friendly nature, and upon the
company's return later, with no casualties, there were people who
had indistinct recollections of the event

With what saddened hearts and lowered spirits we entered the
train, but few hours had passed before youth had sway, and the
glamour of war again possessed us, while laughter and jest prevailed,
though the set and still saddened faces of those who left wives and
children behind, were seen bravely covering their grief.

We went through to St. Catharines by rail, where we were
billeted for the night about the town, though I have no recollection
of where we put up — And the next morning in heavy marching
order we walked the twelve miles to Niagara. The country is low
and level, while the weather was cold and raw, with a wintry wind
that fairly ate its way through overcoats, while the "Gravel Road" —
save the mark — never in those days good, was at this tim<* in a bad
state, frozen mud cnt into deep ragged ruts that made terrible walk-
ing, altogether the march was an experience that will never be for-
gotten by those who participated, no later experience, and I have
had many strenuous ones, quite equalled this, and it must be remem-
bered the men were mostly rew recruits and unaccustomed to such a
strain. Captain McKenzie was a splendid soldier, as he afterwards
proved himself in the "North West," he never spared himself or his
men, but in this instance be was surely ill-advised as to conditions
of the road at that time. However there was little grumbling,
though much suppressed bad language when an occasional heavy fall
tried the temper of a man beyond endurance. It was afterwards
said, th»t what the Barrie Rifles thought of that tramp could not be
fittingly expressed by appropriate English language, though it is ad-
mitted that many did their utmost to explain to their friends, but
not for publication.

Upon entering the suburbs of Niagara I was at once among
familiar scenes. The spire of St. Andrew's Church, an old friend
was the first in view. Then the Niagara Grammar School, where

under Reverend T. D. Phillips, some ten years before, an elder
brother and myself spent two happy years. I saw libtle change in
the building or surroundings at that time. We marched through the
Town to Butler's Barracks, arriving at 1.30 p m. December 29th,
when Captain McKenzie reported to Colonel Durie, commanding the
2nd or Central Administrative Battalion, in which the Bariie Rifles
were placed as No. 6 company. As Butler's Barracks weie not then
ready for our accommodation, we were for a few days billeted in
hotels and private houses through the town, in all cases received a
most cordial reception, were treated like heroes, and lived on the
fat of the land.

The day after our arrival, eight companies of the Battalion as-
sembled for inspection by Lieutenant Colonel Durie as follows :

Two companies of the Queen's Own Rifles.

One company of the Kingston

One company of the Simcce

One company of the Collingwood

One company of the Barrie

One company of the Whitby

Oue company of the Scarboro

One company of the LacoUe

One company of the Hemmingford

The two last companies being stationed at Nhgara Falls.

For many succeeding days it was a continual grind of drill, but
the men were of good material, and Colonel Durie was soon well
pleased with the Battalion. On the 9th of January we were march-
ed to Butler's barracks; the various buildings by this time being re-
paired and cleaned. The Barrie Rifles were allotted to roomy
single story buildings immediately in rear of the present "Officers
Quarters," and were given "orders" upon the ''Quarter Master" for
supplies and stores. And what a rough and tumble affair it was.
At least four companies engaged in the struggle for household effects
and supplies of every description, it was impossible to preserve order,
the strong despoiled the weak — there were a few "mix ups" — with
some bad language. Members of the companies fortunate enough to
be already in Barracks stood about enjoying the fun, and greatly
adding to the noise. It was amusing to the onlooker to see one man
staggering under a load of furniture, another with an armful of straw
for his canvas mattress and pillow, a third with supplies for the
cook's department, jostling and crowding each other in their eager-
ness to safely house their belongings. The men were as R. rule even
tempered and took their troubles in good part, though, with the

dtspoilers and their -victims it remained a never ending matter of
violent controversy.

Our barrack room accommodated 20 men, 10 each side with
large open space between for tables, stovs, etc., with two windows
at ends; each man had a small cot, with three feet of space upon
each side. Through tne kindness of Lieutenant O'Brien our party
of five were together in one end, while in the next cot. was the
Sergeant in charge, a tall, hard headed Presbyterian, with a hasty
temper and great strength, who, notwithstanding all opposition ran
that small contingent upon Sunday School lines to the last. At half
past six in the morning the bugles would bring us to the flooi, and
with no delay allowed, — ablutions in ice cold water after windows
had been open all. night for ventilation, was a new experience, "no
hot water heaters in those days " Floors had to be swept and beds
made before breakfast, for which we always had a keen appetite.
Our great objection was to Sentry duty, and in after years we
agreed tnat "Sentry go" about "Bucler's barracks" or "Fort Mississ-
auga" on stormy winter nights in zero weather was our most trying
experience, and an invention of Satan to provoke bad language. The
pay of privates at Niagara camp was 50c per day, with rations, the
rations did not impress us greatly, for though the food was good, it
was plain, very plain, with little variety, but still we grew fat upon
it. The 50c per diem, however, seemed a good deal to us, as wa had
not previously any great surplus in our pojkets.

Before leaving Barrie, through the kind thoughtfulness of Mr.
Darcy Boulton, Barrister, we were give a letters to his numerous
friends in Niagara, and who showed us much kindness. Foremost
among these were the Judge and Mrs. Lawder, whose house was
always open and as it was only a short distance from the barracks w«
were frequent guests. But this was not all, a few days after our
arrival, Alma and Harvey Lawder, with their small sister appeared
at the barracks drawing a hand sleigh loaded with delicacies sent by
Mrs, Lawder, and which during our stay in those quarters became a
regular and much looked for visit, not only by ourselves, but by our
rness-mates, who participated in this welcome addition to our food.
During January it was not all work, and the men found plenty of
time to enjoy themselves; by those who possessed, or could borrow
skates, "the Slip" was much frequented, and in mild weather snow-
balling between companies was the great frolic, and a source of much
amusement to the men, I remember seeing Brigr. Genl. Otter, at
that time a subaltern in the "Queens Own," looking on with other
officers at an unusually strenuous engagement and enjoying the fun.

Towards the close of January the Barrie Rifles were ordered to

vacate Butler's barracks, and to occupy Fort Mississauga, greatly to
our dismay, as we were well settled and could see no reason for the
change, we also knew that "Mississauga" was a very exposed posi-
tion for winter habitation, however, there was no help for it, so we
unwillingly packed our belongings, were marched to the Fort and
allotted quarters in the barracks under the embanxmenc, where we
soon made ourselves more comfortable than we had hoped for.
During this period the whole of Canada was disturbed by numberless
disquieting reports as to Fenian movements, which kept the entire
Country, as well as our troops on Frontier duty, in a state of nervous-
tension, and it was supposed that the occupation of Fort Mississauga
was connected with these rumours. Fort Mississauga was at this
time in good defensive condition, the Palisades that surrounded the
Fort including the outside kitchens, were intact, as was also the
high breakwater guarding the water front The old double gate was
solid and strong, while the Fort, built in 1814, showed no sign of
decay, and easily accommodated some 20 of our men in its two vault
like rooms, which with blazing logs in the fireplaces made an attrac-
tive resort OH cold evenings. The roof was at that time open,
cannon mounted in each corner, with shot ready for use, the walls
running up five feet on all sides for protection of the gunners.
These walls are very wide, and during sunny days in spring were the
great lounging place for the men, but only when officers were away
as it was strictly forbidden.

Our barrack rooms were not so large as at "Butlers," but
stronger, being made bomb-proof, by layers of square cedar logs.
As expected these barracks proved very cold at night, winds from
the north and east swept over the bastion heavy with spray, and so
raw and penetrating as to make us shudder under our blankets and
overcoats, whita before spring opened the roofs were a mass of solid
ice and snow level with the earthworks. The constant gabble of the
"Coweens," which at that time flocked in counties^ thousands to the
Niagara river during winter months, was also a sleep disturber.

During our residence in the Fort the outside brick kitchens,
showing signs of decay were not used, as a smaller kitchen inside the
defenses, said to have been for officer's use in former days, served
our purpose well, and saved the cooks much trouble The food
supplied was also good here, but as the cooks were usually Applicants
for the position by soldiers, who desired an easy life, the result of
their work was discouraging, and as a rule our meals were quite un-
worthy of the healthy appetites with which we attacked them.
Here again we were aided by the kindness of Mrs. Lawder, as al-
most before we were settled in our new quarters^ the young Lawders

turned up with the usual hand sleigh and supplies, which was
continued at intervals during our stay Referring to this, Walter
Keating, now Master of Titles at Fort Francis, in a recent letter
writes, "The one thing I especially remember abou*; Niagara was
the great kindness shown us by Judge Lawder and h s family."

Mr. and Mrs John L. Alma also showed us great kiuduess, one
evening four of us dined with them, afterwards while playing cards
with some young ladies a party of officers dropped in, greatly to our
embarrasment, as officers and privates cannot meet on the same
plane, so we proposed to leave, but our hosts would not hear of it,
and Mrs. Alma took us into another room, and the officers looked
enviously on while we spent a most enjoyable evening.

I regret to say that in the move to Fort Mississauga our party
lost "Keating," he wrote an unusually fine hand, which with other
qualifications, obtained his promotion as Lance Corporal, and a
position as clerk in the Quarter-Master's Department. I also
obtained my first strife about the same time, but for what reason
neither my friends nor myself could state, but of which I was
proud.

It was now occasionally my duty to take a squad of our sick to
the Hospital, which then stood in the centre of Fort George Com-
mon, exactly where the 16th hole of the N. G. C. now holds pos-
session. The Chief Medical Officer was a local practitioner of great
shrewdness and ability, and up to all "tricks of the trade," and as
be also provided medicine, was especially keen to see it was not
dispensed without good reason. It was rare fun to see him pick
out the bchemers, who feigning sickness to shirk their duties were
quickly turned down with a sharp reprimand, to those with trifling
ailments he made caustic comment, while instructing the "Orderly
Sergeant" to see they had light diet for a few days. To those with
sore throats, colda, etc., a hot bran poultice, with the light diet, was
his certain remedy, and it was marvellous how quickly such men
recovered and appeared at parade while privately abusing the
Doctor to their friends. In cases of real sickness there was no one
more careful and attentive, and the Hospital was well managed.

On the South East corner of the fort a lightning rod ran up
the wall, held in place by bauds of iron, and one day in an idle
moment I suggested the top of the wall could be reached by it, but
the idea was laughed at. My coat was off at once and the climb
commenced, when fairly started the men called me back, but though
doubtful about the rod I still kept on, when within a short
distance of the top Lieutenant O'Brien's voice shocked me by
shouting "come down there"; the return was no easy matter, though

it was managed. The rating received w*»s a thing to be remember-
ed, but afterwards I realized it was better than a broken neck,
which would probably have resulted.

"At this time of writing Fort Mississaugua and its surroundings
are fast falling to ruins, arid it is unfortunate that the Dominion
Government is so little interested in the preservation of this fort,
one of Canada's most historic possessions; this indifference bsing in
direct contrast to the careful attention given by the American
Government to the preservation of their Fort Niagara, a few hundred
yards away."

Towards the end of February orders were issued by the Militia
Department disbanding the Frontier Battalions, greatly to our
delight, and on the 1st March after bidding farewell to our friends
the Battalion boarded the train to our various destinations. Our
company arrived late at night and received a great reception, then
hastily slipped away to our homes,

I may say this call to arms at Niagara has been relevant to
some particular happenings to myself, HS I then formed relations
that at a later period bound me to Niagara with unbreakable ties.

LT. CO1_. WM. O'BRIEN, S1MCOE FORESTERS

>•'•*.

REMINISCENCES

OK THK

"FENIAN RAID"

PART II.
"DUNNVILLE"

Shortly after our return from Frontier duty at Niagara in the
spring of 1865, Irwin, Keating and myself were again hard at work
in the offices of our respective Law firms who gave us cordial
welcome, and appeared pleased to have us back. For some days we
could do little but relate our experiences to a numerous circle of
friends, but as this seriously interfered with the office routine it was
promptly stopped, and we then settled down to our duties in earnest.

It may easily be understood how greatly we enjoyed and
appreciated returning to the comforts and luxuries of home life after
some months in barracks with strenuous work. We had, however,
acquired the military fever and were constant in attendance at all
drills and parades, which Captain MacKenzie continued with un-
failing regularity, and apparently with good reason, for so soon as
our Battalions were recalled from the Frontier, sinister rumours of
Fenian movements were again abroad disturbing the country.

With a judicious mixture of hard work and amusement, the
summer of 1865 and the winter months of 1866 passed rapidly
away, when without previous warning, on the 8th March, 1866, the
Bairie Rifles were ordered to proceed at once to Dunnville for
protection of the border. While we had perhaps anticipated such
a call, it was disturbing, and the response was no'* so ready, the
allurements of barrack life bad been roughly dispelled, and a further
term of perhaps months of monotonous life in an inland town did
not appeal to our volunteers, the more so, that there was little hope
of actual warfare, while the necessity of again applying for leave of
absence to employers was distasteful. However, there was little
time for thought, it was a peremptory call, and in my case there was
no choice, as I was now Colour Sergeant of the Company. Messrs.
Ardagh & Aidagh were again mo«»t kind, and though short-handed,
at once gave ready consent to my going. And I should mention
here, chat employers generally showed a most generous and patriotic

spirit in keeping open the positions of their employees until their
return, and in numberless instances at a great personal sacrifice.

My comrades Irvvin and Keating could not join us, as they had
attended the Military School at La Prairie for three months during
the previous summer, while Anderson was not in good health, and
with Ardagh of Orillia had resigned from the Company, Their
places were taken by other Barrie boys — Charles Locke, afterwards
Doctor Locke of Hamilton, Frank Astley, afterwards Doctor Astley
of Ottawa, and Claude Holt, now enjoyng in Vancouver well
earned rest after a busy life

On the evening of .the 8th of March a special train was wa ting,
and the townspeople were in a body at the Station to see us off, but
it was in no way the sad event as upon the call to Niagara. The
cry of "Wolf" had been so frequent during the past year that the
danger of a Fenian invasion was not taken so seriously, as a con-
sequence a lighter spirit prevailed, and the train moved .out amid
hearty cheering.

Officers of the Barrie Rifles were at this time, Captain Mac-
Kenzie, Lieutenant O'Brien, and Ensign Graham, a recent appoint-
ment. The Collingwood Company under Captain Moberley joined
U3 at Allendale. There were no sad faces this time, and I have
only recollections of a rather riotous journey no Toronto. We
remained over night in the City, and on the morning of the 9th
were forwarded by rail to Dunnville with three other Companies
under command of Colonel Dennis, the Collingwood Company
being sent on to Port Colborne.

While in Toronto we learned that the occasion of this sudden
call was the ominous gathering of Fenian Forces in Buffalo, and on
the 9th of March Lord Monck wrote Mr. Card well "that he had
definite informatior as to the intentions of Fenians to invade Canada,
and that the hour had come to prepare for anything that might
occur and that eight thousand Canadian volunteers were ready for
immediate action, this was on the 12th increased to ten thousand
called for active service.

After many delays our detachment arrived at Dunnville quite
late at night, tired, and with a cold rain falling. Although the town
authorities had received instructions to arrange accommodation for
four companies of volunteers, they were unprepared, and for some
hours we suffered great discomfort. Our party of four were sent
with others for temporary shelter to a small Eavern near the station
until arrangements could be made for us, A number of the men
were already billeted there, and in possession and comparative com-
fort; the rest of us were in a bad way, packed in a small room, wet

and cold, and with HO food available. Presently Lieutenant O'Brien
appeared and said he had explained our case to the Collector of
Customs at Dunnville, Mr. W. S. Macrae, who had kindly offered to
take us in until other arrangements could be made. Our satisfaction
was very great, we had looked forward to a night of much discom-
fort in a crowded smokefilled room, and the relief at knowing we
would be housed in comfort was extreme. Mr. Macrae hastened
with us to his house, where Mrs. Macrae gave us a most kind wel-
come, and took us at once under her wing. We were given rooms
and in » short time were sitting at a bountiful table, near a bright
wood fire, and made so much of, that we surely thought we had
touched "Aladdin's Lamp."- The next morning after a good break-
fast we prepared with regret to move to other quarters, when Mr.
Macrae came in and announced he had interviewed Captain Mac-
Kenzie and arranged that we could remain with them for the pres-
ent. I need scarcely say we were most grateful and endeavoured to
give as little trouble as possible to show we appreciated such dis-
interested kindness. I should add that when suitable quarters were
afterwards found us, the Macrae's would not hear of our leaving,
and we were r ermitted to remain with them during our stay in
Dunnville. None of us could ever forget or speak too highly, of the
unusual kindness shown to us by all members of this family.

About this time tke Militia Department supplied Colonel
Dennis with 20 "Spencer repeatiog rifles," a recent improvement.
Men were then selected from among the best shots to be armed with
these rifles and to form a company of sharpshooters, among whom I
was pleased to find myself enrolled. Our days were spent in con
stant drills, varied by long marches into the country until the de-
tachment was brought to a high state of efficiency.

Dunnville may scarcely be termed a lively town in winter,
though, ia summer delightful, and with many interesting features.
One in particular I remember that was notable, an old graveyard —
long disused — and unique in the way of cemeteries, situated upon
the north bank of the Grand River at a point where a small stream
adjacent to the graveyard finds its exit in the river, and which ia
the passing of years had encroached upon the cemetery grounds,
carrying off sections of its land, and it is even said of its dead.
Gruesome tales were told our men by "old timers" that in the spring
freshets coffins of the buried dead, have from time to time been torn
from their last resting places and hurried away by the turbulent
waters. It bears rather heavily upon these old residents that after
their "shades" had once crossed "the styx", their poor remains

should be compelled to cross the Grand River with no "Charon" to
see them safely over.

The time passed heavily, and our stay at Duunville was not en-
livened by many stirring events- I can recall only one episode of
sufficient importance to be mentioned, but that furnished us with
conversational matter for sometime after. One night towards the
end of March between 11 and 12 o'clock when all good soldiers were
asleep in their beds, the bugles rang out sharply the "Assembly
Call," and SODU the men were running to the "drill hall" from ?11
parts of the town, and ia more or less disorder, We were told that
word had come in of a large party of Fenians having left Buffalo in
barges to take possession ot Port Maitland at the mouth of the Grand
River, and our instructions were to hasten there at once with all
speed and hold the harbour, as there were no defensive works at
this point it was the most likely place of attack, and we felt we should
now surely see fighting.

We were soon on the way in heavy marching order and with
extra ammunition. It was four miles to Port Maitland by the
shortest route which followed windings of the river, and at this
season in a dreadful state, as our road passed through marshy peat
lands, filled in at very bad places with rough corduroy, while the
night was dark with a raw wind and occasional sleet, so the outlook
was not promising for rapid travel, Dunnville men carrying lan-
terns acted as guides. There was no picking of steps, we ploughed
through rnui and mire, and splashed through water at what we con-
sidered racing speed, but upon arriving at Port Maitiand ware sur-
prised to find we had taken two hours and a half to cover the four
miles. We soon aroused the villagers sleeping in blissful ignorance
of the invasion, all lights were ordered to be put out, and the com-
panies posted in positions covering landing places; absolute silence
was to be preserved, and for four miserable hours we stood, soaked
and shivering awaiting the expected attack which never came.
When day broke there were still no signs of the enemy, so we march-
ed back to Dunnville sore and angry There were some who
thought this alarm and fatiguing march was merely arranged by
Colonel Dennis to try our metal, but it was not so, the attack had
been planned by the Fenians, and only given up when their plans
became known to the Canadian Government.

During our stay in Dunnville the anger and patriotism of Can-
adians was being stirred to fever heat by the constant strain of im-
pending invasion, and the public sentiment was most ably voiced by
Chief Justice Draper, who at Toronto, when opening the spring
Assizes in April delivered a charge that created a profound sensa-

tion through Canada, the following was the final paragraph. "There
can be but one reception for the invaders, a stern abd pitiless op-
position to repel the aggression, striking for Queen and country, for
law and liberty, for wives and children, and may God defend the
right " (See Journal of Education for Upper Canada 1866.)

Some weeks later the Militia Department stated in orders
"that, owing to the apparent cessation of disturbances so prevalent
during the recent winter, and the heavy expense incurred by main-
taining such a force, the Frontier Battalions were discharged,"
And the soldiers were returned to their homes.

REMINISCENCES

OF THE

"FENIAN RAID"

1866

PART III.

No sooner were the Frontier Battalions removed from the
border in the early spring of 1866, than the gathering of Fenians
in large numbers was reported at Buffalo, also that they were well
equipped and armed. This was soon followed by feverish rumors
of Fenian activity in both Upper and Lower Canada.

The feeling of Americans at this time was not too friendly. A
Buffalo Newspaper only voiced popular sentiment in saying, "we
don't wish Canada any ill but a little healthy scaring won't do them
any harm." "It is very pleasing in the face of such unfriendliness
that we may truly say, Canada and the United States now under-
stand each other bettei, while a very cordial feeling prevails between
these countries, and which is unlikely again to be disturbed.

It was only on Thursday the 31st of May, that the Militia De-
partment began to take seriously the alarming reports that came in
as to immediate Fenian invasion of Canada, and that no dependence
could be placed on the United States to prevent such a,n outrage.

On the afternoon of the 1st of June, the Barrie Rifles received
orders from the Militia Department to proceed with all haste to the
Niagara Frontier. Captain McKenzie was ready to leave at once
as he had been hourly waiting instructions, unfortunately the call to
arms was so general that resources of the railways were being taxed
far beyond their capacity by the immediate demand for rapid transit
of large bodies of men, so it was after midnight before a train could
be given us.

It was soon abroad that the Company was again called to the
front, and the townspeople flocked to the railway station crowding
the platform and street, the long hours of waiting for the train
seemed to our soldiers interminable while the strain upon the
siUnt waiting people is kept at fever heat by the circulation of sensa-
tional Newspaper bulletins constantly arriving. At last the :rain
co'nes in, farewells are said, and even the Soldieis' partings are not

free from emotion. We were joined at "Allandale" by the Colling-
wood Company, under Colonel Stephens, who took command of the
detachment, and at Cookstown by the Cookstown Company, under
Captain Ferguson, each Company being full strength of sixty-five
men. Keating, Irwin, Astley, Holt, Thompson and Lock, were
again with the Company, the principals of our Law firms giving a
ready consent, and were at the train to see us off.

The journey to Toronto was in distinct contrast to previous
ones, there being an entire absence of noise, or horseplay, the men
were disturbed and anxious, realizing, that it W9S a moment por-
tentous to Canada, perhaps the turning point in her history, as
should the Fenians ouce gain a foothold on Canadian soil they were
likely at once to receive overwhelming support.

We reached Toronto in early morning of the 2nd of June, and
marched to the Drill Shed, where we were told breakfast awaited
us. Unfortunately this interesting statement proved as unstable as
other rumors, and was not based upon fact, as we only found long
tables cleared of everything but scraps by a detachment just sent
on by boat to Port Dalhousie. We were also soon on our way to
that Port, and after further delay were carried by train to St.
Catharines, where our famished men were anticipating a good meal
Railway travel was demoralized, and it was dusk when we reached
St. Catharines. We were now desperately hungry, having had
almost no food since leaving Barrie, and confidently expected to
satisfy our craving appetites upon arrival, and again were disap-
pointed, troops had centered at St. Catharines from early morning,
and though the generous citizens had done their utmost to meet the
occasion, the demand had proved too great for the supply, and
when our contingent rushed for the tables there was Itttle found to
satisfy three hundred and fifty men. and those were lucky who found
a scrap of meat or a crust of bread.

Colonel Stephens' instructions were to join Colonel Lowry at
St. Catharines, but through some change of plan he had gone
through to Clifton, leaving orders for Colonel Stephens to follow at
once with his Battalion. It war. between ten and eleven o'clock at
night when we reached Clifton, and joined Colonel Lowry's com-
mand, increasing his force by three hundred and fifty men.

At Clifton, all was turmoil and confusion, with the townspeople
in a wild panic of fear raised to fever heat, as message alter
message came in by wire advising as to the defeat of Colonel
Booker's command, the slaughter of his soldiers, and annihilation of
the Queen's Own and that the Fenian Army was at Chippawa re-
cently joined by large reinforcements from Buffalo, and on the way
to capture the Suspension Bridge, while every rumor that nervous

and frightened imaginations could invent was spread broadcast.
It was Canada's darkest hour, and there were many homes in
mourning.

Colonel Lowry had already sent an engine down the line
towards Chippawa to feel the way, and shortly after our arrival a
hastily made up train ot mixed cars was ready and the Collingwood,
Barrie, and Cookstown Companies were ordered to occupy them,
the other Companies were to follow so soon as cars could be fro
vided. About midnight our train moved slowly towards the Falls,
the conductor and engineer having instructions ro use great caution,
the management fearing the tracks would be destroyed by Fenian
sympathizers. After passing the Falls and about where the Loretto
Convent now stands, our train stopped for some reason unknown,
and it was fully an hour before we moved. Our next stop was at
Chippawa, where the pilot engine passed us on it's return to Clifton
to report the road was clear; we then wenc on to Black Greek, where
we found Captain Traverse of the 60th Rifles with two hundred men,
and Captain Hogge of the 16tb Regimsnt with one hundred and
forty men, who had just marched in from New Germany, where they
had spent the night. Colonel Lowry upon the 2nd section of our
train overtook us here with vhe other Companies of our Battalion,
and four guns of the Royal riorse Artillery. 1'he trains were then
moved on to Frenchman's Creek near Lower Ferry, where Fenians
had encamped; the troops detrained as the day was breaking.
Scouts were at on :e sent forward and the detachment moved out
towards the "Lower Ferry" at Fort Erie, by this time we were a
total mixed force of one thousand men.

A tall Lieutenant o{ the 60th Rifles, with a squad of men, and
Lieutenant O.Brien of the Barr e Rifles with some of our Sharp-
shooters, to which I was attached, formed the advanced guard.
This long legged officer of the 60ch, had evidently decided there
should be no time lost upon the way for he started off at a terrific
pace. A squad of his men were in front, arid being close behind
him with some of our men, his voice could be heard urging them on.
Soon word wis pissed up to moderate the pace, but the order was
unheeded and the speed again as before. Presently a mounted
officer galloped up remonstrating, and for a little the pace slackened;
hue only a few minutes and we were again racing along, there was no
further objection; the officers and men were of one mind. A de-
cisive battle was either progressing, or close at hand and we must
be there. In that early morning bone and muscle were racked, with
one's whole body crying out for rest, as it will be remembered that
onr battalion had tsavelled constantly without sleep, and with little
food for thirty-six hours, but the metal of the men was good, ani we

encouraged each other along. During the march our road passed
between Apple orchards just in bloom, and their beauty and frag-
rance must have refreshed and calmed many a mind unsettled and
disquieted with the terrible disaster that had befallen our Volun-
teers, particulars of which we had recently learned.

The savere strain of the marcu was noticeable as the men stag-
gered along the dusty road, and it speaks well for Canadian vitality
and determination that only one man dropped from the ranks dur-
ing this strenuous march, he was a volunteer ofhcer and his feet gave
out, but no envious glance was cast his way AS he sat by the road-
side with his boots beside him.

We were very glad to see the waters of the Niagara River
shewing through the trees, and could see a& we reached its brink,
the deserted Fenian Camp a short distance below so which attention
was drawn by dense columns of smoke that shot up from several
large piles, accompanied by continuous explosions, which we learned
later were the various supplies, muskets, accountrements, ammuni-
tion, etc. which the Fenians destroyed, before attempting to cross
the river that morning. A day or two after. I visited their late
Camp and from which I beat a hasty retreat, as the ground was
covered with the dead bodies of numerous horses and cattle stolen
from the townspeople, and farmers, and which the Fenians had
wantonly destroyed before leaving, and that a fatigue party of our
men were busy clearing away. It was indeed a worn out, dust
covered, body of men that flung themselues on the grass by the river
side as the order to "fall out" was given, while others made for the
water to bathe their sore or bleeding feet. The river was beautiful
in the early morning, and its cool breeze was grateful.

In a few minutes Lieutenant O'Brien hurried up and called for
Volunteers from his Company, as he had been ordered to search the
woods adjoining the Camp at Frenchman's Creek for a party of
Fenians that our Scouts had reported wers in that vicinity. The
whole Company would have readily responded, but many had come
in from the march with bare and torn feat, and he would only have
sound men. This Officer soon returned disappointed to find the
reported Fenians were stragglers from our own detachment comiug
in, and who had been mistaken for Fenians by a Scout.

While we were resting on the river bank, an incident occurred
that left a deep impression upon those who witnessed it. We heard
a band playing in the distance, "The Wearing of the Green." At
first, it was supposed to be from the Buffalo side, but presently a
tug was seen coming down the river towing a Barge crowded with
men waving banners and small flags, and hooting at our soldiers ;

they passed directly in front of us, apparently in Canadian waters ;
our soldiers looking on in silent wonder. Captain Crow's battery
of four guns was just below us, suddenly we saw the Artillery men
spring to the guns with the evident intention of destroying the
Barge, and were it not that the Officers rushed in and with the
backs of their swords drove them away, a grave international com-
plication might have resulted. Presently the march was resumed
to Fort Erie some two miles up the river, many of the men were
noticed with articles in their possession acquired at the Fenian
Camp, which had been visited in the meantime ; these were mostly
Rifles, though other souvenirs were in evidence, but the Officers did
not interfere. Residents along the River road were evidently glad
and relieved to see our force come in ; many with their families
stood in doorways and gates cheering as we passed.

Shortly after entering the village of Fort Erie, a gruesome inci-
dent gave us an insight to the horrors of warfare; two dead Fenian
soldiers were being carried along the street on streichers, the sheet
had fallen away from the face of one who had been shot through the
forehead, a horrible sight — this was the most disquieting of our
Military experiences, and its effect was marked.

Another pathetic happening, was the removal by Lieut. O'Brien
and a fatigue party a few hours later of the Fenian wounded at
Ridgeway from the temporary Hospital in Fort Erie to the Ferry
for transfer to Buffalo ; a great crowd of townspeople and soldiers
looked silently on ; many of those in Fort Erie at this time will
recall these incidents.

Our Battalion was directed to the crest of a hill overlooking
the town where camping ground was staked for us, and the Com-
panies were marched to their various stations and the work of erect-
ing tents was at once proceeded with, there was no rest for any one.
After the tents were up, our next serious concern was the obtaining
food, as by this time we were starving. A car load containing pro-
visions, comforts, and luxuries, had been forwarded to our Company
at Fort Erie immediately after we left, but had not yet arrived.
Nothing was to be expected from the "Commissariat Department^
which was utterly disorganized, so knew we must look out for our-
selves ; some of cur men were sent into the village, and to farms, to
buy or beg provisions, however, the result was not satisfactory,
nearly all returned empty handed, and those of us were fortunate
who had a cold potato or a dry biscuit for lunch or supper, though
such food was inadequate either to sustain, fortify, or console our
craving appetites, and to add to our discomfort, heavy rain came
with the night. In the search for food our men were surprised to

learn from those visited, that while the Fenians had practically
cleaned the village of food, and appropriated all horses and cattle
they could lay their hands upon, they yet treated the inhabitants
with a consideration that was unlocked for.

When the Battalion paraded in the afternoon, I was annoyed
to find myself slated for Orderly service at Headquarters that night,
having anticipated a much needed rest. However, there was no
help for it, so before 8 o'clock I found the "Headquaiters." a small
one and a half story frame building, when I arrived there was appar-
ently no one in the place ; the hall and stairway were narrow ; being
tired out and knowing I could not keep awake, I threw myself at
the foot of the stairs with my head on the lower step thinking to be
aroused by the first person that came in, the next thing T knew was
the being awakened by a hand on my head, I looked up ib amaze-
ment, and self reproach to find the smill hall filled with Orderlies
who had followed my example, and were still asleep. The Officer
smiled noticing my surprise, motioned me to silence so as not to.
awake them, and said to report at once to the Commanding Officer.
I followed him to a small room under the roof where Colonel Lowry
sat at a table, he looked up and then gave me four notes to deliver
three were for Artillery commands, the other for a Battalion of
Volunteers, it was ten o'clock when I left Headquarters and as
the various commands were scattered, with both mud and rain heavy
midnight was close at hand when I delivered replies to Colonel
Lowry, who himself looked tired and worn. He read the notes and
looked up at the travel stained Orderly, "What Battalion do you
belong to, and how old are you/' were the questions, "altogether
too young for such work as this, go to your quarters as soon as you
can," was his kindly comment. I thanked him, saluted and passed
oat, grateful that with his load of anxiety, and responsibility, he yet
found time to think of others.

Those sleeping Orderlies 1 left, were now out upon various
errands, so fortune favored me in being first called. Upon arrival
at the Camp, my comrades were sleeping soundly, and notwithstand-
ing the ground under the straw was soaking, I threw myself beside
them in thankfulness; no camp beds, or wooden floors in those
days.

The work of the small army at Fort Erie, some three thousand
five hundred men, was at this time strenuous ; my own duties were
constant^ to be up with the dawn at sounding of bugles, and to see
to the changing of the guards. Visiting the outpost on dark or
cloudy nights was not always a pleasant duty, but generally interest-
ing, each sentry had something to report, and the imaginations of

many were fertile, but all would tell of random bullets from the
American shore singing over their heads, and there is little doubt
many of the Fenian soldiers in Buffalo amused themselves in this
way.

About midnight on Sunday, June the 3rd, our sleeping troops
were quietly aroused by orders from Headquarters for immediate par
ade. The various Battalions hurriedly assembled, many of the men
only half awake, some in undress, and al) eager to know "what was
doing." It was whispered about that a night atttack upon Fore
Erie by the Fenian Army in Buffalo had been reported through the
"United States Secret Service Department," and which it was
feared they might not be able to prevent.

The prospect of a midnight battle is not apt to exhilarate the
feelings ot any man, but to be awakened from sound sleep upon a
dark night with a conflict in sight is likely to unsettle the nerves of
even old soldiers, so I freely admit it was in no happy frame ot mind
that I passed down the opened ranks of the Barrie Company between
Captain McKeuzie, and Lieutenant O'Brien dropping steel ramrods
into the barrels of the old "Muzzle loader" for the OfHcers to be
sure it was clear, while the light clink of the steel as it struck the
Breech seemed to our strained nerves in the quiet of the night like
a "Fire Alarm." In comparing notes afterwards, others told me
that the strain of standing rigidly in the silenee was far greater to
them than to those of us in active motion.

Hour after hour passed away under great nervous tension, and
in absolute silence ; later the men were allowed to "stand at ease,"
and as the day broke were dismissed, after learning that the antici
pated crossing of the Fenians had been suppressed by the Americans
of which advantage was taken to return to their owners, clothing,
boots, etc. mistaken for their own in their hurried dressing. Cap-
tain Akers, R E. in command at Port Colborne, was also advised
of the proposed landing of Fenians at some point along the Lake
Shore between Fort Erie and Port Colborne, and likewise kept his
force under arms all that night.

We could obtain no information as to our Car load .of provisions
from Barrie and about which we were anxious, as the Commissariat
Department could not bring in supplies sufficient to meet the de-
mand, Railways being still paralyzed, and the Officials at their wits'
end, so our Officers took the matter up and after numerous telegrams
it was learned that a car load of provisions forwarded to Port Col-
borne for the "Queen's Own," only arrived after that Regiment had
left for Fort Erie ; in the meantime, our car of provisions reached
Fort Erie, and when the "Queen's Own" came in h ungry they un-

fortunately mistook the Barrie car for their own, making short work
of its contents, and before we learned of their mistake their own
car arrived and was disposed of. However, the "Queen's Own"
had done good work and no complaint was made, but belts in the
Barrie Company were drawn a hole closer.

At this time the President of the United States issued a Pro-
clamation, just a week too late to be of service, instr-ucting all
American Officers to prevent furthejr attack upon Canada.

On the evening of June the 4th, Colonel Lowry reported to the
'•Minister of Militia" that all appeared quiet on the Frontier.

This inglorious war with a rabble mob, in which we bad all to
lose and nothing to gain had proved a critical moment in the history
of Canada, as had the Fenians made good their splendid dreums for
tha conquest of Canada, or even held their ground for a few days,
they would surely have received strong support from American
sympathizers.

The Simcoe Battalion was held at Fort Erie for two weeks
later until all danger of another raid had passed away, therefore,
our camp life was still strenuous, yet furnished much amusement.
In our tent Walter Keating had great social qualities and a contag-
ious laugh, while Xavier Thompson of Penetanguishene, was gifted
with a fine voice and gay humor that made light of all hardships,
and kept us in good spirits.

Some battalions were now withdrawn from tho Frontier, while
those remaining were hourly expecting orders to return home, when
rumours of an attempt to destroy the Welland Canal resulted in the
Barrie and Collingwood companies being sent to Port Colborne,
greatly to their annoyanre. After a further stay of three weeks, we
received with tumultuous joy orders[to return to our homes.

This final return was an occasion of great rejoicing to the good
people of Barrie, who welcomed with grateful hearts the return of
their volunteers for the third time from warfare without a wound, or
the loss of a man.

So ended the Fenian Raid which in a few short years will sink
into oblivion.

All through these Campaigns we were greatly indebted to
Lieutenant William O'Brien for his ever watchful care and extreme
kindness to us under all circumstances, and which we will always
hold in grateful remembrance; He represents the best type of a
soldier.

Wm. O'Brien, Barrister at Barrie, was afterwards Colonel of

the "Simcoa Forresters," is no^ Honorary Colonel of that Regi-
ment, and resides at Shanty Bay near Barrie.

In the years that had passed since we first left our homes,
there had been great changes in the lads fresh from school, who had
perhaps gone out with the thought of a V. C. in their minds ; they
had seen no brilliant battles, won no medals, but who under strenu-
ous Military training had acquired the bearing and manners of men,
in that they had striven to play their part like men upon the world's
stage. Though it must be said that the greatest change our rela-
tives could see in us was the development of abnormal appetites.

Colonel Lowry in bis report from Fore Erie to the Minister of
Militia, states that he was much indebted to Mr Nicol Kingsmill,
and Mr- Allister Clarke of Toronto, for much valuable information
and assistance. Mr. Kingsmill was an old Niagara Boy, and familiar
with every section of the Niagara District, and as "Honorary Aid"
to Colonel Lowry, was in a position to give leliable advice.- But
this report, said nothing of the midnight gallop later on of a party
from Fort Erie to Clifton, and how recklessly "Mine Host Roslye"
produced his rarest vintages in a royal celebration of Canada's
victory.

In January 1867, I passed through the Military School at
Toronto, and ten years later in 1877 when a Lieutenant in the St,
Catherines Garrison Battery of Artillery, another Military experi-
ence was only just escaped. There had been rumours of an attempt
to blow up Locks of the Welland Canal, and the Battery received
orders to be in readiness to man a small vessel that was to be sent
up: this for a time caused some excitement. We were under arms
for a week, but nothing came of it, the preparedness ef the Goverm-
ment probably avoiding the danger.

REMINISCENCES

BY MRS. J. O. CTJRRIK

We are much indebted to Mrs. Currie for her Reminiscences,
To the late Mrs. Uurzon of Toronto, first, and next to Mrs. Currie
belongs the honor of bringing the name of Laura ingersoll Secord
before the public; Mrs. Curzon by her drama and ballad and Mrs-
Currie by her life of Laura Secord, the edition of which is exhausted
and a second with much additional matter is in preparation. At
Mrs. Currie's request also, the portrait of the heroine has been
placed in the Parliament huilding, (the only woman's portrait there
to be foubd), also to her urgency the pension to the grand daughter
of Mrs. Secord living in Guelph was given, and in appreciation of
the work of Mrs Gurrie the monument has been placed on
Queenston Heights, Mrs. Currie having contributed to it the
profits of her book, nearly three hundred dollars. Besides her valu-
able work in investigating the history of this neighborhood. Mrs.
Currie was the originator of the Women's Literary and Historical
Club of St. Catharines, which has existed for twenty years and has
placed several markers on historic spot? at St. David's and else'
where. — EDITOR.

My. friend Miss Carnochan has requested me to give some of
the recollections of my life. My birthplace was ae what is now
called Niagara-on-the-Lake. The place where I was born was after
many years replaced by the brick store of Whan & McLean. My
birthday was on the 19th day of November, 1829. My father's
name was Ursen Harvey; My mother's Caroline Hamlin, both of the
township of East Bloomfield, Ontario County, New York State.
Both the homes of my grandparents are still standing and in good
preservation. Both were descended from revolutionary ancestors.
Most people in Niagara have heard of che adventures and disappear-
ance of a Free Mason of the name of Morgan. At the time of my
father's engagement to my mother he was in the employment of Col.
Sawyer of Canandaigua. At that period the Free Masons were a

great power in New York State. John Ross Robertson has told in
his history of Free Masonry of the great influence the order possessed
in political life and many other questions. Morgan had become dis-
satisfied and made threats of disclosure. He was arrested at Batavia
and lodged in jail. From this he was transferred by some legal
pretence to the jail at Canandaigaa. Col. Sawyer was one of the
heroes of the war of Ibl2, and high up in the masonic order. The
Sheriff, Mr. Cheseboro, was also a prominent mason and both were
prominent in the abduction of Morgan from the jail and his convey-
ance to Fort Niagara. Then he disappeared. The excitement was
intense arid the order was for many years under a cloud Col. Saw-
yer had a saddlery establishment and my father had been in his
employ. Both Col. Sawyer and Mr. Cheseboro were ruined, tried
for their participation and escaped further penalty. My father was
leady to try his fortunes elsewhere. A brother of my mother's had
himself brought a flock of merino sheep to Grimsby and sold them
and on my father's return he was in the employment of a Mr. Kerr
who had a large saddlery establishment and used to send to
Niagara for his supplies. In those days the mode of travel was by
stage and those vehicles had a leather upper story requiring skill of
the highest order. Niagara was the great source from which the
country was supplied as a military station, and as it had stores of
all kinds it was the commercial centre of the penninsula and also the
social centre. My father was sent to make purchases. Chester
Culver was then the leading merchant and he said to my father,
"come here and open a saddlery, I will give you all you require."
He came and opened his shop, returned to Bloomfield, married my
mother and commenced his business life. He made it a rule to em-
ploy the best workmen and his business was a success from the first.
Among his workmen were Samuel Kerr, Henry Wiston, James Dyke
and his business increasing he started Mr. Kerr in Hamilton in the
same business. At that time there were small tanneries all through
the Niagara District. The ferry at Niagara and Queenston in those
early days had small row boats for casual passengers and for teams
what was called a horse boat. This was a large flat bottomed boat
with a wheel in the middle on each side of which was a hurse.
When they moved the boat was put in motion^ thus horses, teams
and heavy loads of all kinds were conveyed across. In the winter
season if there was ice in the river people waited for days to cross.
Well do I remember as late as i842. being detained at Wynn's Hotel
in Queenston unable to cross.

We soon moved to another house which had an historic intsrest,
as it was one of the two houses left standing when Niagara was

25
•

burned. Nearly opposite was the rough cast house of Mr. Varey,
on the opposite corner was the residence of Mr. Lewis Clement, son
of John Clemant, the Ranger, and nearly opposite to Mr. Lewis
Clement was the home of Dr. Porter, The home in which we
lived was long owned by the Swintons. My mother died when I
was five months old and I was taken to my grandmother in Bloom-
field.

Two of my father's workmen obtained wives in Beamsville, Mr.
Wiston married a daughter of a Mr. Morris a U E. Loyalist and
Mr. Kerr married Miss Alford also of Beamsville.

Among the earliest schools in Niagara was one kept by a Mrs.
Butler whose husband was a retired officer. Mrs. Butler taught the
small pupils who were both boys and girls. Miss Christie taught
the young ladies who were all boarders, she afterwards married a
son of Mr. Keefer one of the early founders of Thorold and a promi-
nent family of the early days. Niagara was then at its height of
prosperity. The Dicksons had built the houses which still remain.
Capt. Melville also.

Mrs. Thorpe had a famous candy store where boys and girls
spent their pennies. There was a bell on the door which rang when
opened. The candies of that age were not got up in the style of
the present those peppermint bull's eyes striped red, the cat's eyes
which were round balls very hard, we bought them because they
lasted longer and stick candy, this was about all the stock in trade.
Steam boats were having their golden harvest. The race track
with the annual races on the common brought the racing fraternity.
Such was Niagara in those early days. Well do I remember my
mother's taking me for a walk to a windmill not far from Fort
M ississagua.

In those days every one kept a hor'se and my father driving
in the country along the bank of the river where were orchards,
gardens, all kinds of fruit such as wild strawberries which grew
every where, raspberries, red and black, thimble berries whortle
berries (low and high bushes.) The sugar in those days was high
in price, most all of the fruit was preserved in maple sugar of which
there was abundance made from the maple forest which crowned
the country with its autumn glories. Wild grar es covered the
fences and climbed the trees. The crabapple proved a help to the
women's household stores, hickory nuts, chestnuts, butternuts, wal-
nuts, hazel nuts, these things so dear to the young were found every-
where. Well did Father Daillon say in 1626 "it was the most
fruitful land his eyes ever beheld. "Let me not forget the pawpaw
our Canadian banana which flourished in the protecting shade. The

streams abounded in fish, the white fish and wild pigeons caine
in early spring, then the larger game such as deer as late as 1850
were killed in some townships, Dried venison could be bought.
Laws to protect game were not thought of. The enormous fireplaces
with their capacious chimneys furnished the blazing fires of the
homes.

There were at that time five churches in Niagara, St.
Mark's, St. Vincent de Paul, St. Andrews, the Methodisfc and that
for the Colored people.

MY SCHOOL DAYS

la giving the recollections of my first lessons uader Mrs. Butler
will be included my education as life advanced and will show under
what difficulties education was obtained. We removed to St.
Davids on the last day of December 1834. At that time small
tanneries could be found in many of the settlements in the district.
Mr. Moore had the largest one at the time and from him my father
made purchases but being in failing health offered the tannery to
my father on reasonable terms giving him all the time he wished
to make his payments and in one month's time all arrangem3nts
"were made and the removal to St. Davids was made. My bi other
and I went to the public school which was on part of the land given
by Major David Secorc! for Church, school and burying ground.
The teacher at that time was Mr. Dennis Hanlan. He was a most
beautiful penman. Well do I i-emenaber that first da.y in school,
a young eirl stood in the school room door, she asked me what my
name was, took off my wraps, then asked. Can you read ? and
seemed surprised when I answered "yes." Then she produced
Marvor's Spelling Book, having read in this she brought a Tescament,
this proving satisfactory an English Reader was brought and having
read in this she concluded by saying "you can go into the first
class," This was my first examination. The friendship formed in
that way continued through life. She was Margaret Woodruff,
daughter of Richard Woodruff, merchant. She married the lato
Samuel Zimmerman who was killed at that'terrible railway disaster
on the Desjardins Canal near Hamilton. I was one of her brides-
maids and the pleasant memories connected with her life are one
cf my dearest recollections.

Mr. Hanlan who for some ytars was Township clerk moved to
Stamford and till 1 was nine or ten years old 1 continued in the
public school. At that time the scholars took their turn to keep
the school room tidy. The boys brought in the wood, went for the
water :o drink. The girls swept, the teacher set the copies for us to

write which were arranged alphabetically. There were no steel
pens in those days, the teachers had to prepare the quill pens
Those that could afford purchased in the store what were called
"clarified" quills but we always asked for qualified quills but some
sought on the creek, where many geese were to be seen, for the
wing feathers to be made iuto quill pens. A large stove stood in
the centre of the school room, the wood was piled on the floor under
the stove. The desks were at the upper end one long and one short
one on the side and the small children sat on low benches without
a back in front of the desks of which there were only six in the
room. The windows were uncurtained, a bench with the pail of
water and a tin oup from which all drank stood at the entrance of
the school room.

When about nine or ten years old, Mr. Peter Clement (son of
John the Ranger) who lived fully a mile and a half from St. Divids
on one of what were caDed the "swamp roads" had a governess for
his children and proposed that I should come there. The governess
was Miss Fanny Sibbald a Scotch lady from Edinburgh and a good
teacher in every respect, Mr. Clement had built a school house
and in the summer season I used to walk from St Davids and then
home again taking a lunch with me. A brother of Mr. Clement
Mr. George Clement lived near by and the sisters of his wife,
daughters of John C. Ball attended the school. Miss Mary Ball
afterwards Mrs. Peter Servos, Miss Ball (Mrs. Dow,) Miss Amelia
Ball (Mrs. Roe,) Miss Elizabeth Clement of Niagara afterwards
Mrs. E. Camp were pupils at different times. We used any school
books. The time during the forenoon was given to che lessons, in
the afternoon we were taught sewing, cotton embroidery and during
the sewing hours one or more read aloud from uncient history. We
had histories of Greece in pamphlet form, Pinnock's Rome and
English history, Magriall's Questions. When the winter season
arrived Miss Helena Woodruff and myself boarded at Mr. Clement's
from Monday moining until Friday afternoon. I think I was there
for eighteen months. Miss Sibbald opened a school in Niagara
which she kept for some time as a boarding and day school.

When about twelve years of age a cousin of my mother's asked
that I should be sent to East Bloomfield where an Academy had
been opened, this was in the fall of the year and 1 was to be made
ready for the first opportunity of going there. I remember that a
Miss Jeffers of Hamilton was visiting us and made my dresses. It
was not till the spring of 1842 that 1 went to Bloomfield, an uncle
and aunt from Michigan v siced St. Davids on their way to Bloom-
field and on a Monday evening we went to Lewiston and stayed at

the Frontier House over night. This place had a sign in one frame,
which read three different ways according to the position you occu-
pied. In the early morning we left by stage, drove to the Molyneux
Farm where we breakfasted and drove on till dinner when the
horses were changed and thus on through Tuesday and Wednesday.
Some of the sign boards I still remember, one hotel had this upon
it, "This is the house of peace and plenty, always full and never
empty." Another had a pretty borne with the owner and his wife
driving away with a fine carriage and good horse, on the opposite side
was a poor man with nothing but a bundle lying beside him looking
at his dilapidated house snd ruinous fences. On the first side was
"Going to Law," On the other "Been to Law." Our route was by
the Ridge Road. On Wednesday afternoon we left the stage at
Sandy Creek and hired a conveyance to take us to Holley where a
sister of my mother lived and on Friday morning took the canal
boat for Rochester twenty-five miles distant and at 6 p. m. left there
on the Railway (New York Central) getting off in a pouring rain at
Victor where we stayed all night and the next morning Saturday
morning hired a conveyance for East Bloomfield four miles distant
reaching my cousins Misses Fairchilds', the journey having taken
nearly a week, now we can go in six hours. On Monday morning
commenced my school days in Bloomfield where I w-.s for two years.
The Principal was the Rev. F. D. Stowe a strong believer in the
prohibition of slavery. He was called to the pastorate of West
Bloomfield ; his successor was Mr. Hall. The school was well
managed and had many pupils, boarders with the Principal while
for those who lived only a few miles away there were rooms furnish-
ed and they brought supplies from home staying from Monday to
Friday. Wednesday afternoon was devoted to the public and
friends, the folding doors were opened between the boys' and girls'
room. The boys spoke selections from the speeches of Revolution-
ary days, Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" was
a great favorite as was also "Lo~hiel's warning ." The young- ladies
walked from tneir room the length of both rooms,the assistant Lady
Teacher marched the opposite side in bonnet and shawl to the end
of the boy's room. There we made a profound courtesy to the teach
er and she bows. We had to practise this by ourselves so as to do
it gracefully. The boys used to be marched up and down with their
assistant teacher into the girls' room to go through the performance
while their parents and friends looked on.

SCHOOLS AND TEACHERS
My school days at Bloomfield lasted two years then I returned

home for a year. In the following July went to a Young Ladies'
Seminary. Miss Hannah Upham of New England was the Principal.
She was brought to the trustees notice by the famous Daniel Web-
ster She had an efficient staff. Her school was famous in every
way, discipline, study, incitement to do our best, two nieces were
'her assistants, Miss Anna Upham as Associate Principal and Miss
Martha Upham on the teachers' staff Miss Anna Adams, Miss John-
son and Miss Wright of Maine — Miss Smith who occupied after-
wards a high position as teacher in New York City, Monsieur Du-
t'our was French instructor and Professor Mort of Germany taught
music, the drawing teacher was a Scottish lady, Miss Jeffrey, whose
portfolio was full of historic sketches of places and buildings con-
nected with Scottich history. These sketches created a taste for
literature and scenery for which Mr. Kirby had imbued my mind.
There were residents of Canandaigua from Scotland the old compan-
ions and friends of Sir Walter Scott who kept his memory and his
literary work before the people, and their children attended the
school. The Patons, the Monteiths and others who had homes on
the beautiful lake. The seminary had a ball alley and a place for
calisthenics on rainy days when we could not take our daily walk.
Saturday afternoons we could go by ourselves and accept invitations
to tea. The teachers belonged to various Protestant denominations
and our parents had designated what churches we should attend.
At that period in the 1840's a Scottish gentlemen a Mr. Greig had
the finest residence in Canandaigua and his conservatory was the
first I bad seen. The pupils were allowed to visit the conservatory
with the teachers. Mr. Greig was very wealthy and childless, had
married a widow, Mrs. Chapin, who with her sister often visited
the school. Mr. Greig's home was visited by the leading people of
the United States and travellers from Europe. At one time the
sons of the Duke of Orleans travelled on foot through many of the
northern States, staying at one time at Mr Chapin's (the father of
Mrs. Greig) he gave the future King of France, Louis Philippe and
his brother a pair of shoes. Mr. Greig founded the Orphan's Home
in Rochester and some of the furniture from his mansion is in the
home for girls at Canandaigua. Miss Upham was ever ready to
take her pupils to lectures and concerts. These were given at
"Blossom House" the hotel which is now the New York Central
Railway Station. Well do I recollect a lecture given in the Court
House by Dr. Boynton upon the newly discovered Telegraph system.
Wires to illustrate were stretched from end to end of the room and
explanations and illustrations were given. A prophecy made a
lasting impression on my mind "I predict" said Dr. Boynton "that

in less than ten years there will be a telegraphic line from New
York City to Buffalo." In one year's time so rapidly did its influ-
ence spread that Buffalo was reached, and that threugh the Canad-
ian peninsula to Detroit the poles were placed. This prediction was
in 1845. The improvements and discourses in electricity during
the last half century and its application to all branches of usefulness
can not be numbered by figures. The instruction given had a broad
influence on the minds of that day. My school days ended in 1846.
What I have told shows the difficulties of obtaining an education
in those days. One of the plans brought before the public was the
spanning of the Niagara river by a Suspension Bridge. A kite was
waited across the river and Canada and the United States were
soon united by a wire cable and an iron basket shaped like a cradle
took those across who were willing to make the venture. The first
Suspension Bridge was only for pedestrians and carriages. The
construction of the Great Western (now Grand Trunk) Railway was
soon followed by the Railway Bridges of which five now span the
river. Ths terminus was first called Elgin but now has been chan
ged to Niagara Falls. The first building the Elgin House, still re-
mains.

SAMUEL ZIMMERMAN

When Mr. Zimmerman came to Canada he became alive to the
possibilities of Niagara Falls. From the Ferry to the top of the
hill were any number of unsightly buildings, his purchase of a home,
the Clifton House and the grounds which are the entrance to Victor-
ia Niagara Falls Park were the beginning of the dream of his aspir
ing brain and he did not overestimate the beauty and commercial
value of the spot. He grew with his surroundings, the old rookeries
disappeard, new buildings rose on every side. He surprised many
by the broadness of his views» "I have no politics" he said "I will
support whoever will support my plans for this place and the count-
ry. The terrible Des Jardins accident cut short his career with that
of many other prominent men of Canada. A period of financial de-
pression followed lasting many years. Mr Zimmerman was at first
interred at his home Niagara Falls where it was intended to have
a monument built but he was re-interred at St. Davids in the vault
constructed by him for his wife and sister but his name is not upon
the monument. His second wife was Miss Emmeline Dunn of
Three Rivers, Quebec. There were no children by this marriage.
The Clifton House was destroyed by fire in 1898 but has since been
rebuilt. Mr. Zimmerman built a Concert Hall and six cottages ad-
jacent to the Clifton House. When the Prince of Wales now King

Edward visited Canada in 1860 the mansion of Mr. Zimmerman was
selected for his use and fitted up for his stay which was only four
days. The illumination of the Falls and river was grand and beauti-
ful. Our American friends gave their kindly aid to make its beaut-
ies more wonderful, colored lights being placed around in every
possible way. The Prince arrived on Friday late in the afternoon.
On Saturday afternoon Blondin crossed the river on a rope carrying
a man on bis shoulders, the Prince and suite being witnesses. On
Sunday they attended church at Chippawa and on Monday various
places of local interest were visited on Tuesday morning at
Queenston to lay the corner stone of the cenotaph which marks the
spot where Brock fell and in the afternoon at Niagara and St.
Catharines and attended a ball at Hamilton in the evening, attended
by his suite, while the leaders' of state and society were present, Sir
George Carrier, Sir Edmund Head, the Duke of Newcastle and
many other celebrities. I have yet the silver maple leaf badge
which many of us wore. From Hamilton the Prince proceeded to
the United States where an equally warm reception awaited him.
As we recall 1860 many events follow in succession ; the election of
Abraham Lincoln, tha attempted secession of the Southern States
arid in consequence the Civil War, the embarrassments of our prox-
imity, its ending, the Fenian Raids and their failure, these all have
affected us and strengthened the tie that binds us te our motherland.
During these years of trial we have learned the worth of our possess
ions, the East and the West from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from
Arctic seas to the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence which mark our
boundaries Within tham are the wheat fields that give bread to
the world and will furnish homes for the crowded lands and ill, paid
toilers of Europe. The changes since my schooldays astound and
bewilder. The Marconi system of telegraphy has changed the perils
of the sea to safety and rescue, the wooden walls of England are
replaced by Dreadnoughts, the sailing vessels by magnificent steam-
ers giving a passage of six days instead of six weeks.

There are problems to be aettled yet by our people and those
of other lands. California refusing permission to the Japanese to
be educated in the public schools. The starving millions of China
aad India refused admission to some of onr provinces. All are
needed, some for domestic purposes, some to build our railways.
How can we force an entrance to China at the Cannon's mouth and
refuse admittance to our territories

And there are problems for our women too. The necessities of
modern life are endless and require wisdom, patience, intelligence
to carry on pleasantly a well kept home. Do the men and women

of our day ever read the 31st chapter of Proverbs ? It was written
3000 years ago. They are the words of a King which his mother
taught him. It describes the woman of that period and places her
value far above rubies. She was evidently well informed to ba abla
to conduct her house, her servants and had business qualities of a
high order. Her dress and that of her household the furnishings
of the house show the estimation in which she was held. White
and scarlet, tapestry, silk and purple, she made fine linen and sold
the overplus, coDk orders and delivered girdlt-8 to the merchants.
Her children blessed her and her husband praised her. Then comes
the command. Give her the fruit of her hands and let hev own
works praise her in the gates. Does not all this lean in the
direction of equal r ghts. Why do women wish to vote ? Because
they want to protect the home. Because they wish to banish
intemperance from the land. Because they want temptation remov-
ed from the young so that sober men and sober women mav be the
fathers and mothers of this Dominion.

As these things pass before me on the march of time we can
eay the day for Canada has come at the last. Let us have high
ideals and live up to them. Our schools should be the hope of our
country. No one can know too much, The great thing is to know
the realities of life its needs and what is our part to do.

RECOLLECTIONS OF MR. WM KIKBY

It was my fortune to meet Mr. Kirby long before he became
famous, and childish recollections of him are pleasant and when 1
met him in later life and renewed acquaintances this friendship last-
ed till his death. The rebellion was drawing to its close when Mr.
Kirby came to St. Davids. He came from Concinatti and brought
with him a trunk of books and a rifle the latter he said to shoot the
rebels with. He must then have been about twenty and I was
nine years of age. He was a member of our household for soma
years and took great interest in my brother and myself and took
pains to explain many things to us, I remember he ma'de out of a
cigar box a camera obscura to illustrate what I coul J not get through
my childish head. I had been to Niagara Falls and there was a
large circular one there, and movable so thafc you could see the
Falls in various views. He used to read to us from his French and
German books. He attended the sale of Captain Usher's effects
after he was shot, and bought Smollett's novels and gave me Roder-
ick Random, Count Fathom and Sir Lancelot in one volume. I cut
out the pictures of old copperplate engravings and gave them to the
Historical Society.

After he left ua I did not see him for years. Some time during
the 1850's coming home from Toronto on the steamer a gentleman
came up and spoke to me saying "Do you remember me ?" I said
"Yes, you are Mr. Kirby." I was a young woman then. We re-
newed our acquaintance and were always friends until his life ended
and he attended our Literary Pilgrimages as long as his health per-
mitted. Longfellow, it is said, got his traditions for Hiawatha from
him, He was a book worm in every sense of the word. Books
were his world. It was ever a pleasure to meet him and such I be-
lieve was the feelinsr of all whom he met as his scholarly attainments
made him a friend to all of that nature.

Another of my childish recollections is connected with the res-
cue of Mosely the colored man from Kentucky an escaped slave who
was to be returned on a charge of stealing his master's horse. The
blacks from all around had gathered to prevent his being returned
to slavery and while he escaped two colored men were killed and
others wounded. Well do 1 remember seeing a whole load of black
men standing up in a waggon driving furiously returning from Niag-
ara where Mosely had been confined in jail. One of the men had a
bullet or bayonet wound in his cheek. His name was Maclntyre.
His wife was a character and a great helper at their revival meet-
ings, the colored people had a church of their own before we did,
and the St. David's boys often attended not always for a good pur-
pose as oue night one of their number dressed in women's clothes.
The seats were nothing but boards on trestles and he unfortunately
forgot his proper part and straddled the board. Mrs. Maclntyre's
eyes saw him and he saw his only chance was flight. He ran and
she also, he was caught in trying to climb a rail fence, their stories
disagree, hers being that she administered a thrashing and he deny-
ing this, whichever is most probable may be believed.

There was a brewery and distillery in St. Davids and in the
adjoining township of Stamford, above St. Davids another brewery
an J distillery. Near by was a log house and a pond adjoining
where protracted meetings were held and where people were "dip-
ped." That was what this form of baptism was called, but the prin-
ciple place for this was Major Secord's pond which still exists in the
village and people came from far and near to see the ceremony.

One other circumstance 1 remember which produced abiding
results, it took place at St. Davids' school house. One Saturday
morning the large boys took the key, sent the girls home and would
not allow the school master to enter until he gave them money to
buy beer which he foolishly did. The beer was purchased and the

boys were intoxicated, but good came out of eril as the young beys
suffered so from the effects of the beer that they grew up sober men.
When Mr. Richard Woodruff was elected member of Parliament
a chair coverad with a buffalo robe was placed on a platform and he
was carried around the village by his friends.

When Lord Durham was in Canada we had a great jubilee one
evening. Empty tar barrels were placed on supports and set on
fire, balls of candlewick dipped in turpentine were tossed about
Of course we thought these primitive fireworks were grand, bon-fires
blazed on which every combustible that could be gathered up was
used. Lord Durham's administration is looked on aa the commence-
ment of better days in Canada.

Lord Elgin with his family spent a summer at Niagara Falls. He
rented a hotel owned by Mr. Joseph Woodruff a merchant in Drum
mondville now Niagara Falls South. They often drove to a Mr.
McKinley's on the Thorold Road who had once been a tenant on
their estate in Scotland. There were others whom the ladies of the
household visited especially sick ones and the alleviations brought
to them by these kindly acts are pleasant memories.

Canadian Confederation in The Making

with Some Glimpses of the Confederators

An Essay Written by Rev. A. F. MacGrtgor, B. A, for the
Niagara Historical Society and read at its Meet-
ing on Monday, April 25fch. 1910

William Ewart Gladstone in one of his speeches on the project
of Self-Government for Ireland said : — "I hold that there is such
a thing as local patriotism which in itself is not bad, but good ?."
The Welshman is full of local patriotism, Englishmen are eminently
English, Scotchmen are profoundly Scotch and if 1 read Irish His-
tory aright, misfortune and calamity have wedded her sons to the
soil. Buc it does not follow that because a man's local patriotism is
keen he is incapable of imperial patriotism."

Were Gladstone speaking to-day 1 think be would have cited
one other case and would have added, "Canadians are full of local
patriotism and they are friendly to the policy which aims at a close
knitting of the various territories which form the British Empire.

To trace the evolution of the Imperial in Government and pat-
riotism from the local would be an interesting study, if indeed, at
some points, an intricate task. That however is not the purpose of
this paper. Its aim must be more restricted and may be defined to
be "Canadian Confederation in the Making with some glimpses of
the Confederators."

Wordsworth in one of his sonnets refers to the over reliance
of some statesmen on fleets and armies and eternal wealth, "But
from within," he says "proceeds a nation's health." Now that being
so a Nation cannot enjoy National health if there is disunion within
its own borders. No more than the human body can be in health
if there is disunion in the body. It is with nationhood as with the
physical frame of man — if one part is suffering every other part
suffers with it.

For years after the American Revolution, the British Colonies
this iide the water suffered through division and separateness. Ont-

ario and Quebec or Upper and Lower Canada suffered in this way
and so did New Brunswick, Nova Sootia, Cape Breton, Prince
Edward Island and Newfoundland.

The basis of the representation of the Provinces in Parliament
was a vexed question. Upper Canada being more populous for
years than lower Canada, beiug more wealthy, also, and paying
more taxes, claimed that it should sead more members to Parliament
Hence the question of Representation by Population became a very
troublous one. It was a source of that condition of dispeace which
is always unfavorable to the growth and progress of communities.

Demosthenes in his oration on The Crown maintaiues that two
things are characteristic of a well-disposed citizen. — "In authority
his constant aim is the dignity and pre-eminence of the Common
wealth and in all times and circumstances his spirit should be loyal."

The pre eminence of the Commonwealth .of Canada in the
thoughts and plans of its Citizens was endangered for a number of
years before 1865 by sectional rivalries and provincial jealousies.
One proof of the perplexing political wars of a part of that period
is the fact that from the 21st of May 1862 to the end of |une 1864
there were no less than five different ministers in charge of the pub-
lic business. Legislation came at last to a dead-lock. Some change
therefore had to be made in the Constitution if the Common inter-
ests of the country were to be preserved and stable government en-
joyed. Constant collision between the Executive and Representa-
tive bodies was innimical to the general welfare.

Three things conspired to bring about a change ; Brit sh senti-
ment beyond the sea, the ferment in the provinces of British North
America and the examrle of the working of a principle of Confeder-
ation in the adjoining Republic of the United States.

Many wise measures have had either their historic beginnings
or their first public advocacy in the East. It is to the credit of the
Maritime Provinces that the desire for the larger Union of the Prov-
inces took root there in * manifestly earnest form. To Lord Dur-
ham, during his very brief period of governorship in Canada rightly
belengs a large share of the honor of having prepared the minds of
the people for the idea of a federal union. He must be credited
\rich a foreshadowing of a union of all the Provinces. The hope
grew as years went on. The idea found a friendly reception in the
minds of an increasing number. Between 1838 and 1&60 the build-
ing of an Intercolonial Railway as a bend of Union was not only
earnestly discussed but actually negotiated for though at the time,
the project failed of united support.

Among those who half-consciously perhaps were holding aloft

the banner of the broader union in a conspicuous manner was Alex-
ander Tullcch Gait. He w*s the son of John Gait a well-known
Scottish author who as a Commissioner of Canada came to this
country in 1824. Alexander was born in Chelsea, London England
in 1817 and when only 17 years of age was appointed to an office in
connection with the British American Land Company. He took up
his abode in the Eastern Township and was elected to Parliament
for the Constituency of Sherbrook in April 1849. In 1858 he ad-
vocated in a telling bpesch a Federal Union of the British North
America Colonies and on a later occasion he insisted that the mat-
ter should be taken up as a cabinet question. Incidentally it may
be mentioned that in 1864, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick and
Prince Edward Island discussed the idea of Union between them-
selves.

Another distinguished contributor to Confederation was the
Hon. George Brown. He must have been a politician from his
birth in Edinburgh in 1818. His father Peter Brown was a well-
informed and ardent politician. In March 1844 George Brown
undertook the Toronto Globe, a newspaper that during all its his-
tory has been of commanding influence in Canadian public affairs.
With all his mental power and strong grasp of principle, with his
understanding of vigorous action he gave himself to the laying deep
and strong of the foundations of true Constitutional liberty and the
consolidation of Canadian elements without regard to separating
lines. Representation by population, the principle for which he
battled so long and so bravely found at length its recognition in
Confederation. ,

It will always be a matter of regret that George Brown resigned
from the Cabinet of the Coalition government before the plan of
Confederation was fully perfected, ai Gray in his work on Confeder-
ation remarks "Either he ought not to have joined the Government
or he ought not to have left it at that time,"

But every man must be left to decide for himself his duty, and
history if just will even testify that the Hon. George Brown was the
chief influence in Ottawa in favor of Confederation as Sir George
Cartier was the nhief influence in its favor in Quebec.

But the great actor to whom belongs the crowning merit of
bringing Confederation to a successful consummation was Sir John A.
Macdonald. He was a tactician of the first rank. If he had
what Browning calls "the trick of fence and knew subtle pass,"
if he could on occasion, dispose of an objection by some off-hand and
jaunty fling he yet had the capital secret of a masterly leadership.
It was he who on the 6th Feb. 1865 formally introduced the ques-

tion of Confederation in an address to her Majesty Queen Victoria.
The close of that address may ba taken as a summary of his own
views on the Question and gives evidence that the subject had pass
ed through the fire of his own thought. It gives a glimpse also of
the capacity of the speaker. His woris were, "in this younger
country one great advantage of our connection with Great Britain
will be, that under her auspices, inspired by her example, a portion
of her Empire, our public man will be actuated by the statesmen at
home. These, although not material physical benefits, of which
you can make arithmetical calculation are of such overwhelming ad-
vantage to our future interests, and standing as a nation that to
obtain them is well worthy of any sacrifice we can be called to make.
, , . Here we are in peace and prosperity under the fostering rare of
Great Britain . . with a Government having only a limited authority
and yet allowed without restriction and without jealousy on the part
of the Mother Country to legislate for ourselves and peacefully and
deliberately to consider and determine the future of Canada snd of
British North America.

It was only by a happy concurrence of circumstances that we
were enabled to bring this gra^.t question to its present position
If we do not take advantage of the time, if we show ourselves unequal
to the occasion, we shall hereafter bitterly and unavailingly regret
having failed to embrace the opportunity now offered of the found-
ing a great nation under the fostering care of Great Britain and our
Sovereign Lady, Queen Victoria."

Two days afterwards George Brown in the course of his address
on the proposed Union said — and his words reveal no small degree
of prophetic penetration. "Mr. Speaker, I am in favor of the Union
because it will raise us from the attitude of a number of inconsider-
able colonies into a great and powerful people. It will throw down
the barriers of trade and give us the market of m llions of people,
i go for a Union because it will give a new start and immigration
into our country."

But we must go back a little in order to see how the tide of
Confederation came to its flood. Three Conferences or Conven-
tions at different places and at different times rrepired the way for
the consummation of Confederation. To these briefly attention
must now be called. They were. —

(1) The conference at Charlottetown on the 8t>h September 1864.

(2) The conference in Quebec in October of the same year.

(3) The gathering in the Westminster Palace Hotel in November
1866.

There were various other msstings in the intervals between

those at which reports of progress were considered and farther
measures taken to expedite the desired end but we centre thought,
for a few moments on trie Conferences, as specified, because of their
outstanding importance in securing the main result.

For the Conference in Charlottetown ohe delegates were select-
ed from the ranks of the Liberals and the Conservatives. Dr.
Tupper the leader of tbe Government in Nova Scotia was there and
Mr. Tilley the leader of the Government of New Brunswick anJ fore
most of the members selected by the Goveror General to represent
the upper Provin:es were the Hon. John A Macdonald, George
Brown, George E. Carter and Alexander T. Gait. Two subjects
engaged principal attention at this Convention — the detrimental way
in which conflicting tariffs operated to each others disadvantage and
the development of the various interior resources that would bo
fostered by a freer intercourse of trade. In connection with the
gathering and promotion of its special ebject a splendid Banquet
was tendered the delegates in Halifax. At this banquet a notable
speech was made by the Hon. Geo. Brown then President of the
Executive Council of Canada. Gray speaks of this address in his
book in these terms, "it was the first of a series of speeche.s deliver-
ed then and during the subsequent months by delegates throughout
the Provinces. Mr. Brown's address gave a practical shape and
mould to the agitation of the public mind and gathered the floating
ideas respecting Union inbo a tangible iorm and found for them a
local habitation and a name."

Then followed the Conference at Quebec in October. There
came to it delegates from the Maritime Provinces and Newfoundland
with the Representatives and Ministers ot the Crown and with tbe
full sanction of the Imperial Government. The meeting place was'
histoiic. beneath the shadow of Cape Diamond ou the ruins of the
old Castle of St. Louis Descendents of the race of Saxons and
Gauls formerly estranged, now came together in a spirit of Unity
and for a common cause.

Sir. E. P. Tache the Premier presided. It was agreed that the
voting should be by Provinces rather than by Members. The two
Canadas were in the centre with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia
on one sida and Prince Edward Inland and Newfoundland on the
other.

In a clear and comprehensive speech the Hon. John A. Mac-
donald dealb with the series of Resolutions submitted by him. Pop-
ulation was to be the basis of representation. There were 72 Res-
olutions in all. Tu are was long and often animated discussion on

the various points involved. The delegates separated to report, in
due course to their respective Parliaments.

Suffice it here to not® that Prince Edward Island and New-
foundland held aloof not finding the terms proposed agreeable to
them.

In the meanwhile there were many expressions of the public
sentiment with reference to the proposed Union in England, in
Scotland and in the United States

In July of '66 Tache, the Canadian Premier and President of
the Council passed away. He had been a warm advocate of Union
and the last act of his public life was a loyal supporting of the meas-
ure in the Legislature.

Then took place on the 4th of she month of December the Ass
embly at Westminster There were 16 delegates in all. Lord
Monck also was present assisting the delegates and the Imperial
Government. The Conference sat until Dec. the 24th.

Draft bills having been prepared by the Conference and by the
Imperial Officers of how these were submitted to Parliament on
Feb. 5th 1867. The Amalgamation Bill passed through all the
necessary stages in both houses and by the 29th March it received
the Royal Assent. By a Proclamation issued at Windsor Castle
Her Majesty's Government gave effect to the Confederation Act, an
Act to be thereafter known as the British North America Act. It
came into force on the First of July the birthday of tho Dominion
of Canada.

Such in rapidly sketched outline was the accomplishment of the
Canadian Confederation. Much remains yet to be done and why
not, seeing that Canada is as yet but an infant nation ? She has
time in store. Her day is full of promise. The path of grand
achievements lies full before her citizens, Cicero in his 14th Phil-
ippic quoted Crassus as wisely saying ''There is a great field in the
Republic ; fche road to glory is open to many." Surely it may be
said of Canada — There is a great field in the Dominion and the
road to glory is open to all — the glory of going on together, different
races though we be, going on in cne spirit of loyalty and patriotism.
Let Canadian loyalty be, as always and everywhere it must be if
real, an upspririging nofc a machine made thing. If it issues from
the consciousness of being in possession of a great trust, from a com-
mon hatred of whatever is unworthy in Government from a common
love of what has been glorious in our traditions, from a common
determination to maintain just and equal laws, from a common up
holding of one standard of personal and civic virtue, then truly what
is and what has been, is but earnest .of that which- is to be.-

What one of Ireland's gifted sons onee said of Ireland, every
loyal Canadian may, with greater reason say of United Canada. "I
gee prosperity in all its gradations spreading through a happy relig-
ious land. I hear the hymn of a happy people go forth at sunrise
to Go J m praise of His mercies — and I see the evening sun set down
among the uplifted hands of a religious population. Every blessing
that man can bestow and Religion can confer upon the faithful
heart shall spread throughout this land."

Niagara has done something toward the making of Canada,
something on which the light of a grateful memory is likely long to
rest. The Historical Society to which I contribute this paper, all
too unworthy though it be, is, I am persuaded a worthy factor in
the greatar making of a commonwealth of fidelities and national
service, fidelities and services which age and comparison shall never
rob of a ray.

Nova Scotia was represented by : —
Hon. Charles Tupper, Provincial Secretary.
" Win. Alex'r. Henry, Attorney General.
•* Jonathan VIcCully, Leader of Opposition.

Robert B. Dickey, M L. C.
" Adams George Archibald. M. P. P,

New Brunswick was represented by : —
Hon. Sam'l. Leonard Tilley, Provincial Secretary.
" Jonn M. Johnson, Attorney General.
" William H. Steeves, M. L. C.
" Edward Barrou Chandler M. L. C.
" Peter Mitchell, M. L. C.
11 John Hamilton Gray, M. P. P.
" Charles Fisher, M. P. P.

Prince Edward Island was represented by : —
Hon. John Hamilton Gray, Premier
" Edward Palmer, Attorney General
" William H, Pope, Provincial Secretary
" A. A. Macdonald, M. L. C.
" Edward Whelan. M. L. C.
" George Coles, M. P. P.
" T. H. Hariland, M. P. P.

Newfoundland sent only two representatives : —
Hon. F, B. Carter. Speaker of the Houss of Assembly.
" John Ambrose Shea, Leader of Opposition.

The representatives for Canada were : —
Hon. John Alexander Macdonald

Hon. George Etienne Cartier
a George Brown
'•« Alexander Tulloch Gait
" T. D'Arcy McGee
" Oliver Mowat
Etienne P. Tache
William McDougall
H. L. Langevin
A. P. Cockburn
J. C. Chapais

Sir Etienne Tache, the Canadian Premier was chosen President
of the Conference, and Major Hewitt Bernard of the staff of the
Attorney General West, was appointed Secretary.

Extracts from the Journal of

De M. Thomas Vercheres de Boucherville

A Paper Read Before the Niagara Historical Society
2 1st March 1910 by Miss Carnochan.

In looking over the Canadian Antiquarian and Numismatic
Journal for 1901 the names of the Count de Puisaye and Quetton
St. George as well as the word Niagara struck my eye and I read
the article carefully. As there were many references to Niagara
and vicinity the thought occurred to me that a translation of such
parts would make an interesting paper for our Society. Permission
was kindly granted to us to publish in one of our pamphlets. The
journal is interesting and valuable as being written by one of a
different language and with all the verve and vivacity of the French
speaking of the laws of honour, boasting a little as may be expected^
but showing also a high sense of duty to his employer and depicting
the manner of conducting business in Canada a century ago. It
also brings in Proctor and Tecumseh in that disastrous and badly
managed battle of Moravian Town. It is a very long article, the
first part devoted to b s adventures and hardships as far as Lake
Winipeg with the Indians, as a clerk with Sir Alexander Mackenzie
of the North West Company 1803, but only the parts touching on eur
own vicinity have been translated and much of the vivacity of the
French writer is lost in tho translation for which apologies are offer-
ed.

The writer of this journal was descended from Pierre Boucher
the "Patriarch" who came to Canada in 1635. But the interesting
part to us tells of bis employment with Quetton St, George and visits
to Niagara telling of Count de Puisaye also. Thg second part gives
an account of the defeat of Proctor at Thamesville and gives an
incident in which the name of Col. Win. Claus is mentioned.

"By a happy chance a gentleman of French origin came to this
country a few years ago with a group of friends (royalists) among
whom was the Count de Puisaye with the intention of settling in Can
ada came to Boucherville to meet my brother-in-law Col. de Lery
with whom he was connected, he was also acquainted slightly with

nay father. The name of this gentleman was Quetton St. George and
he lived in the little village of York called Toronto. One day when
he was dining at our house the conversation incidentally turned to
commercial affairs ; he said that he was going to lose an exrellent
clerk who was leaving him on his return to York and that he wished
very much to have a Canadian to replace him. My mother always
looking ahead seized the ball oa the bound and immediately asked
him if he would be willing to take me into his service. Looking
at me he asked me if hardship would frighten me, that 1 would pos-
sibly be exposed to it in coming to hire with him at York. I replied
with animation that neither hardship nor hard work frightened me,
that both were familiar to me having met them face to face during
my stay in the North West. Yes hard experiences are sometimes
fortunate. The sitting terminated, the arrangements were concluded
and thre« days were given me to make my preparations for the
journey. 1 left once more the paternal roof. It was in October
M. St. George sent me to Lachine the bearer of a letter to Mr.
Grant his agent tellug him to have his boats ready for the next
morning. M. St. George reached us indeed in good time and at
eleven o'clock we left the shore heavily loaded. The journey went
on without any trouble to Kingston formerly known by the name of
Frontenac OL Cateraqui. It is a splendid place very suitable for a
harbour. Here M. St. George took me to the home of one of his
friends a French emigrant like himself of the name of Boiton. I
had learned that Mr. Foretier also resided here. I went to see him
for 1 knew that he was an old friend of M. de Lery my brother-in-
law as well as of my brother, all being well acquainted when they
were in the Royal Canadian Regiment, M. St. George accompanied
me and we were welcomed by this gentleman whose son was living
at Detroit

The next day, that of our departure, the wind blew so strongly
that 1 thought every moment to see the boat upset. The waves
were short but deep aud caused movements in us very annoying now
and then. The voyage however was very short for the strong wind
helped us powerfully. Having cast anchor in the bay at York we soon
landed and'l went to the dwelling intended for me. Immediately I
was made acquainted with the three clerks of the establishment, Mr.
John Dettor, the Bookkeeper, John McDonald the first clerk and
Edward Vigneau whom I was coming to replace These gentlemen
shewed much kindness to me during my stay with them. The rule
of the house was that the youngest clerks were subject to the hardest
work of the store so that I had a great share of it during a year. It
is not necestary for me to enter into details, let it suffice to say that

the young man who withes to do bis duty ought to do all that is
required of him so long as honour and conscienca are not opposed
to it.

In the autumn after the goods came I went to pass some days
with the Count de Chalus and the Viscount his brother. These
were French emigrants, friends of M. de St. George, who lived four
or five leagues from York.

The winter passed without any remarkable event and I had
reason to believe that my master was very well pleased with me.
In the month of July 1805 one of the debtors of M. St George ran
away leaving him his creditor for a large sum of money. He asked
me if I felt myself capable of going in pursuit of him even to Buffalo
in American territory passing by Niagara and Fort Erie. I replied
iii the affirmative as the thief was only two days ahead of me. I
was furnished with a warrant to apprehend him if 1 had the good
fortune to overtake him and I set out with a friend Mr. Cameron in
a little Indian canoe made by the Mississaguas. At four o'clock in
the afternoon with very calm weather we commenced our journey
to Niagara situated ten leagues from York in our frail vessel. We
had to guide us on the lake a compass and a lantern containing a
candle which gave us the necessary light to watch the needle so as
not to go astray. 1 had chosen the night for this perilous expedit-
ion for in summer it is very rare that the wind blows on this lake at
ijight. It was near midnight when we saw right in front of our
canoe something very high. Having remarked to Mr. Cameron
what it could be he replied to me that he was under the impression
that it was the sail of a boat which was waiting for a favorable wind.
We approached silently and arrived at H suitable distance, I hailed
the boat. The watchman replied "Toronto," Captain Hall was the
commander and he politely invited us to come on board which we
did at once. He could not prevent himself showing his surprise
and condemned our imprudence at venturing to such a great distance
on the lake in a frail craft such as we were using Indeed had the
wind risen we should have been destined to go to the bottom and
no longer be counted among the living. Having taken a glass ef
excellent wine we resumed our journey to Niagara being still distant
five or six leagues acccrding to Capt. Hall. At the break of day
the high banks of Niagara wer<? visible but still distant enough to
appear to recede from us as we approached them.

At Niagara I was taken to the house of Count de Puisaye by
M. de Farcy who gave me a good strong horse. Without giving
myself time to take any food I started for Chippawa where I stopped
to rest a short time. Happy news I learned here that the individ-

ual for whom I was searching had passed that same morning to Fort
Erie. On learning this T immediately mounted my horse and made
him take a faster gait so as to arrive at Fort Erie the soonest possi-
ble. After fifty-fours of a very fatiguing course, since morning
until nine o'clock in the evening I alighted at a hotel. To my great
delight I found there my man in sight quietly taking his supper,
this was in the inn called Front.

Immediately in presence of two witnesses I read to him my
warrant and arrested him in the name of bis Majesty. My prisoner
passed the entire night under the guard of my two men and the next
day he was taken to the jail at Niagara and afterwards to thai; of
Toronto. This painful and fatiguing task finished I set out from
Fort Erie for the establishment of Count de Puisaye and from it to Ni-
agara where I had left Cameron who was waiting my return with an
anxiety easy to conceive still more as the schooner Toronto was on
the brink of returning. This time I had the canoe put on beard
and we returned to York in the vessel as may easily be understood.

I must confess that it was not without experiencing much pleas-
ure that 1 returned to M. de St. George an account of the success
which had crowned my journey The news of tbe arrest of his dis-
honest debtor gave him lively pleasure and from that moment he
placed all his confidence in me.

In the month of September I had. the misfortune to fall sick of
the ague. Every day at two o'clock in the afternoon headache and
pain between my shoulders attacked me with much violence followed
by a violent chill which increasing made me shake and shiver in
my bed in spite of the quantity and thickness of the coverings
under, which I lay. This lasted a couple of hours or nearly so fol-
lowed by a high fever which cast me into an abundant perspiration.
During three months I was a prey to these deleterious effects of the
fever and then little by little the daily attacks ceased and became
farther apart until finally I was able to resume my occupations.
This region is known as a centre of malaria and very few who make
a prolonged stay there escape it.

In the winter I was charged with buying peltries from the Mis«-
issaguas, and business was increasing, we spent our evenings making
invoices or entering the goods in the account books, as much for
England, the United States as for Montreal. At the .end of winter
the inventory being finished M de St. George was able to state
that he remained with a profit of nearly twenty thousand louia

The ordinary business with the inhabitants kept us standing
from five o'clock in the mornining till ten and eleven at night. In

the spring M. St. George went to New York to make his purchases
of goods for the summer. He was absent nearly two months."

He goes on to tell of M. St. George offering to give him charge
of a store at Amherstburg. Of his stay there. Gives a description
of the beautiful scanery of the fruit trees, etc. In 1808 his em-
ployer offered to set him up in business for himself. His business
succeeded and in 1810 made 2000 louis and in 1811 went to Mont-
real with St. George to make purchases and visit his parents. Then
follows an event which gives us an idea of the trouble between
Britain, France, United States caused by what is known as the
Embargo in which he was again able to help his employer and friend
and again the story brings us to Niagara

"How happy 1 felt at the idea of seeing my father and mother
again who thanks to the excellent account made to them by this
good M. St. George, were waiting with open arms to receive me
there- Great was the joy in the house to see me again. M. St.
George came to rejoin me there and stayed with us some days. As
I have mentioned above this gentleman was French by birth and,
consequently gaiety was his. So we had a joyful life in the best
sense of the word during some days that he passed with us.

His business was very considerable. He had seyeral stores in
different places. Thus he had one at York kept by Mr. Baldwin
and Jules Quesnel a second at Niagara under the direction of M.
Despard a third at the head of Lake Ontario conducted by J. Mc-
Kay. He now went to Montreal and found there a letter for him
written by his cler* at Niagara. The same evening he returned to
Boucherville but he was no longer the same man. Of an extreme
pallor his ordinary gaiety had left him and contrary to his custom he
maintained an icy silence. I saw quite well that he was suffering
but did not dare to ask him what could be the cause of it. When
we had retired to our respective rooms I took upon myself to ask
him what bad news he had learned at Montreal to change him thus
and make him so sad. He hesitated a moment and said to me. I
know that I can trust you, I am a ruined man, look at this and read
it but do not bieathea word of it to anyone. The letter whicb he
gave me was from M, Despard and read as follows, "Sir — I inform
you jb at your merchants of New York and Schenectady tell me that
they have hastened to send you by way of Messrs Walton & Co.
according to your orders, goods to the value of 58,000 piasters,
which are actually in the Custom House at Lewiston on the Ameri-
can side without power to be brought over to the British territory
on the other side of the river, The Americans display much z«al
in the application of the law of the Embargo.

1 passed the day in great uneasiness and took a resolution
which honour it seemed to ,me dictated tc me. I was resolved to
use all possible efforts to retake the goods illegally confiscated and
detained at Lewiston by the Americans. Having reached Kingston
I went by water to Niagara, the trip was a rapid one and on arriving
I hastened to the home of M. Despard who was very glad to see me
again and to know whether M. St. George had received his letter.
I replied in the affirmative adding that M . St. George believed him-
self ruined and that I had come back so quickly for the sole reason
to help him to recover his goods, of which I had given him no hint
having only said in pressing his hand that he would hear from me
when I reached Niagara.

Despard gave me all the information necessary to form my plan
of attack. He had been at Lewiston the same day that the goods
had been taken from the boat and no doubt was expressed in his
presence on the regularity of their proceeding. These goods had all
been placed to his personal knowledge in a store bouse built on the
shore at the edge of the water. The collector of customs was sleeping
in the second story and generally left open a trap door which permit
ted communication with the interior above and below. An obstacle
serious enough could quite frustrate my project ; this was the presence
of two vessels moored to the wharf.

After having heard his story I said to him that there was a way
of arranging with contraband here in the night and I went out better
to think the thing out. I went walking on the shore for some hours
so as to gather together my ideas and form my plan of action for 1
had decided to undertake a rational way of saving my protector's
goods.

In walking along I perceived a man who had the appearance of
a stranger, he was walking a few steps from me. For a moment I
thought that this might be General Moreau one of Napoleon's old
officers with whom T had got acquainted in a stage going from Fort
Erie to Queenston. He had come to see the Falls of Niagara. I
was looking at him for some moments persistently when perceiving
this he came towards me and asked in Engl sh if I was a stranger.
"No, replied I, I come from Lower Canada from Boucherville, "I am
very well acquainted with a gentleman bearing that name attached as
an ensign to the Royal Canadian Regiment." said he to me, "for myself
I have had the honor to belong to that Corps, my name is Chinic
and I am from Quebec." In my interview with him he asked me
several questions, among others this one struck me. "Have you not
some project in your head ? you appear to me quite absorbed." I
could not avoid answering him in the affirmative. Then he eagerly

begged me to acquaint him with it promising on his honour to assist
mo in any way he could.

1 told him then my bold design of crossing the next night to the
American side and that he could accompany me if he would. "But
what is the purpose of this night trip" said he co me. It was only
then that I told him 1 was working as a friend of M de St. George
to whom I was greatly indebted I wished to do him the eminent
service of saving his goods and his honour at the same time. "Why
he is one of my best friends", cried he, "he has rendered me several
important servicss during several years and I will very
heartily give my help." Without losing a moment, we set out
for Despard's house where we finished concerting our plans. We
decided to engage a number of sober and discreet Canadians with
several boats in one of which we would place a ladder intended to
help us in reaching the secorH story of the store-bouse, the dwel-
ling of the Custom House Officer. We were to be furnished with
whistles in case of alarm and arms to defend ourselves should we re-
ceive a check. The crossing should be mads higher up than the vil-
lage of Queenscon placing beforehand on the other shore some of
our men to form a guard

The next day those whom we had engaged came to us a few at
a time; as agreed so as not to cause alarm. We made them swear
solemnly to keep the greatest secrecy and I treated thrm with my
beat. However I was not willing to allow them to go out for fear
of betrayal. We would be about forty or nearly so. The oath
that 1 had admistered to them had been on a spelling book which
could not bind these men, legally speaking at least. Really I felt
an inclination to laugh when I saw them very devoutly place their
lips on these pretended gospels.

After having told them what was to be dobe T promised each of
them ten piastres for the night. Forty piastres was the remunera-
tion coming to one named Lambert for a large boat and twenty
piastres for each additional boat.

At eight o'clock in the evening the expedition set out from
Niagara for Fort George where the garrison was. The boats being
all placed in the care of the sentinel he was net willing to permit us
to use any of these boats which could not be used by the strict
orders of the commandant after nine o'clock at night, seeing that
they were on the watch for a rupture between the two countries, the
embargo being already in force. The sergeant of the guard came to
me and aasured me that it was impossible for him to allow me to
take any, but that if I wished to see the commandant he would be
pleased to take me to him at once. I ^.Hingly consented to this.

It was Colonel Proctor of the 41st Regiment, who at that moment
was playing a game of cards with the ladies.

I asked permission from him to take only the boats the property
of the inhabitants of the town. He begged me to tell him what I
wished to do. I told him quite frankly that I had need to go to
bring back from the other side of the river the goods belonging to
Quetton St. George of York, which the American Authorities had
seized without any right teason. On receiving this reply he ordered
the sergeant to allow me to take them and dismissed me wishing me
complete success. The men started to take them and wrapped rags
around the oars so as to decrease as much as possible the noise that
they would make in the water

Despard Chioic and I in order to encourage and stimulate them
in the accomplishment of the serious task before them gave our men
to each a half glass of rum.

As there was a blockhouse at the bottom of the bank where
we were on the edge of the river, I asked the sentinel if he was
willing to rent me a long ladder of which we had .need. He doubt-
ing nothing agreed without hesitation to this demand.

At eleven o'clock at night all being ready in complete darkness,
we were all well armed for it would amount to nothing less than
hanging in a few days if we should be discovered and arrested.

It was a quarter past twelve when we landed and started for the
store house in question after having arranged every thing so as not
to be exposed to a surprise. Arrived near this building the ladder
with which we had provided ourselves was placed at the edge of the
opening of the second story. I wished to go up first, followed by
Despard and Chinic. Be sure of it my good readers 1 would not
have given two sous for my life at that moment, for in presenting
myself at the opening, I was quite exposed to be shot in tde head by
the Custom House Officer if never the less he was waiting for this
night visit. Happily he was sleeping quite soundly. Without any
noise we advanced towards his bed pistol in hand and ready to use
it if needed. The lantern was half open to allow htm to see that we
were armed. On opening his eyes he realized his terrible situation
and sitting up he implored us not to kill him and that he was ready
to deliver up to us the goods of the Englishman, without hesitation
which we summarily required.

Immediately I placed the gag in his mouth with which I had
furnished myself so that he could not cry out. After having secure-
ly bound his hands we left him under the care of one of the men
and we went down to the lower story of the building where we
found the goods for which we were searching.

At the understood signal (agreed upon) one of the
boats came without noise to the wharf. The goods of M. St,
George were placed there as many as it could contain and others
followed until there was nothing more in the building. Returning
to Queenston all these goods were placed in a building which was
protected by a blockhouse in which there were a score of soldiers.

The men returned te Niagara, but not without some fear, for
the river is in some places rather narrow. The same day the Ameri-
can government senc out a proclamation offering a reward of a
thousand dollars to him who would bring dead or alive any of those
wbohad taken part in this criminal expedition,but this offer remained
a dead letter. After paying the men and thanking them, 1 went to
York to announce the good news to M de St. George, who had re-
turned home I met him by chance with an officer near Fort
Rouellard (Rouille). On meeting me he turned pale as death.
'•What ! is it you, but whence do you co-He," cried he. "Do not be
at all uneasy" said I to him, "all your goods detained by the Ameri-
cans are saved and under English protection." The pleasure of this
good man need not be doubted, "Sir this is Governor Gore, "I eagerly
saluted him with all the deference possible. Learning that I was
somevThat uneasy and afraid of what might result he reassured me
and made me understand that the government would not give me up
to the Americans even though I should be recognized as one of the
promoters of this hazardous expedition on the neighboring territory
for it was an aftair of contraband nothing more. All the same the
following year war beiag declared it gave to M, St. George a fortune
of a hundred thousand louis. This was the greatest feat of my life
discharging towards my protector a real debt of gratitude which I
owed him, I would not like to repeat it too often.

THE WAR OF 1812.

De Boucherville describes vividly the affair at Brownston, the
taking of Detroit, the defeat of Barclay, the battle of Moravian
Town, Death of Tecumseh, the retreat of Proctor. I quote a
passage in which a name familiar to Niagara people is mentioned
from only such parts of this leng narratiye as are connected with
our neighborhood have I translated, although the whole is interest-
ing, especially as told by other «yes than of our neighborhood.

"I must explain that before the battle there had set out several
wives of officers from the place where we were camped for the
Moravian Village and there took a large birch bark canoe to take
them to Oxford. The battle lost we set out to the same place.
Without losing time we set out in our canoe, that of the ladies pre-

ceded ui by about an hour, The day was dark and disagreeable
The wind blew violently accompanied by a very cold rain. The
river LaTranche or Thames which we were ascending is very narrow
and the bottom all bristling with trunks of trees which make navi-
gation very dangerous for a birch bark canoe. I tried to learn the
names of the ladies but nobody knew them. All that I could learn
was that they were the wives of officers who were prisoners and
that from Oxford they were going to Toronto by wagons. Gradu-
ally we were approaching their canoe, when about a gunshot off,
pierceing cries came to our ears, the canoe nearly torn open by the
trunk of a tree commenced to leak, all were faced by almost inevit-
able death. The miserable cowards who were rowing instead of
doing everything possible to assist these poor ladies on the point of
drowning, hastened toward the shore which they gained in *.- short
time. We were boiling with rage and our indignation was at its
height. Making superhuman efforts so to say we gained in tho
twinkling of an eye the scene of the disaster. Never could I forget
the supplications of one of these unfortunate?1, who ceased not ask-
ing us to save her young child which she held in her arms. This is
what I di'd, and the mother also on reaching them a^.d placed them
in our canoe. M. Voyer also lifted oufc another who was also
placed beside her companion. There still remained one more to be
saved, but we were over loaded Arid in peril of sinking at the
slightest movement on out part. Wha^ could we do? This lady
was gifted with singular ceurage and this was what s ived her, she clung
to the canoe which was soon towed by us to the land, The grati-
tude which these unfortunate ladies expressed may be understood, it
is needless to mention it. However, none of their goods were lost,
for the canoe did not sink although it was full of water, the men
mended the boat and were soon ready. The ladies although saved
from ship wreck would not escape the danger from illness from
their damp clothes, but the men would not allow them to stop to
dry them> but ordered th^m into the canoe without delay.

At ten at night we thought it prudent to camp for the night.
We decided riot to light a fire for fear of attracting attention. The
most profound silence reigned everywhere, but we soon heard the
sound of hatchets cutting wood and found the men sitting round a
fire, but the ladies at a distance with their clothes stili damp, tbe
little child on its mother's knees all weeping bitterly. The mother
was not more than 19 years of age, the others a little older. We
made a fire for them returned to our camp, took them a little port

wine, sugar, tea, bread, etc., boiled water made them tea and they
welcomed us as their saviours and we took farewell of them. The
next day when we reached Oxford, we found that the ladies were in
one of the houses, having preceded us about an hour.

When near the Grand River we knew that we were out of
reach of the enemy. When we arrived a man clad in blue with
scarlet collar mounted on a tall horse appeared. At first he seemed
to us to be an American dragoon, but having addressed me in
English to ask if I had any knowledge of the defeat of the 41st
regiment, 1 saw that he was not one. He then asked anxiously
if we had any knowledge of ladies attached to General Proctor's army.
"Yes," said I, "Major Muir's wife is on the way with her children in a
wagon and perhaps arrived at Oxford yesterday with several other
ladies in a canoe." I related to him the accident which had happened
at which he seemed very much agiuted. "Was there among them a
very young woman with an infant ?"he asked eagerly "Those are pre-
cisely those whom I saved" I replied. "My God," cried he. "that is my
daughter and her child." He shed tears and added that he was going
to their assistance. "Gentlemen," he said, "give me your names that I
may always remember you." When I told him my name he said,
"What ! are you the son of the Hon. Amable de Boucherville? For
me I am William Glaus, the superintendent of the Indians in this
part of Upper Canada. Go if you please, lodge at my house and tell
Mrs. Glaus who you are and you will be made welcome. She is the
daughter of Capt. Hale of the 41st Regiment. Never, never can I
forget you." He set off then galloping in the direction of Oxford.

As Mrs Muir, the wife of the Major, had set out in a wagon
before us with all her family, we had the pleasure of finding her in
York. I must say, in passing, that it is extremely rare to meet women
as brave as courageous as she. Without hesitating she took a
carriage alone without a driver with her young children, travelled a
distance of a dozen or fifteen leagues in which there were no
dwellings, but where were ravines difficult to pass through, hills to
ascend, in war time when Indians frequented the woods to scalp
those whom they met, I can not speas too highly of the courage
of this extraordinary woman.

"During my stay here I went to see Mrs. Glaus to whom I
told the incident of the Thames river and the interview I had had
with her husband Colonel Glaus*. She overwhelmed m« with thanks
and begged me to bring my two companions who received a
gracious welcome and begged us to stay at her home till the arrival
of her husband, but this we were unable to do."

In 1815 he describes hii return to York having visited his
home.

"In passing Niagara I halted to see the ruins caused by the
war from Fort George to Fort Erie. The spectacle was sad. Tn«
eye fell on nothing but burned homes, devastated fields, demolished
fortifications, forest burned and blackened. There eould be nothing
more painful to see. In passing Queenston I went to the spot
where our brave General Brock fell with his not less brave Aid de
Camp McDonnell. It was in the corner of a garden 6f a man named
Secord, at the foot of the hill. At Fort Erie I went to examine the
old English Fort where the preceeding year had perished a great
number of our soldiers of the 8th Regiment and of Watteville* by a
disastrous explosion. All these brave men had been buried in the
neighborhood and I paid a pious visit to their tombs

Since the reference to Col. Wm. Claus was found in the
Boucherville diary, a pathetic letter has been found in Col. Cruik-
ihank's Documentary History. Vol. VIII, to the death of his son,
wounded in the battle of Chrysler'j Farm.

Col. Wm. Claus to Lt. Wm. Claus, jr.

York, U. C., llth May, 1814
My Dear William,

After a lapse of upwards of two years we have had the happi-
ness to learn of you in a letter from the governor, to Mr Cameron
of this place. He mentions having heard of you being in London,
and from that gone to Holland, and being well all of which affords us
as much happiness as our present situation allows for from our recent
losses in the death of two of our dear children, happiness cannot be
our lot. Long since I wrote to you ol the deatn of my beloved
Baby Anna Bella and in December of the death of your brother
Daniel About the 12th of December we understood that he was
still living and your mother, myself and Julia left this immediately
for the place where he lay wcunded (Cryaler's) about 300 miles be-
low this, but it was the will of Providenca that we should not see him
alive. He died on the 10th December after suffering amputation
twice. When here in the summer he was so ill that his life was des-
paired of but as soon as he recovered a little he would join the regi-
ment which was ordered to Kingston from the lines near Niagara.
He was so ill that Col. Plenderleath ordered him into his own
quarters to be under cover, but the next day he went to the field
with his regiment having the command of Captain Nairne's company

who was ill and at the moment the charge was made ha received a
grape shot in the ankle and lay in the field till the action was over,
as ii was fought in ploughed fields you may judge what a wretched
situation he must have been in it having rained several days before.
At night his poor little limb was taken off below the knee and my
letters spoke of his doing well which prevented my going down with
your mother. H.au he had her tender care he might have been
saved. I have been told that care was not taken of him and had it
not been for his faithful servant he would have wanted for many
things; he was put into a small room with nine men of the 89th who
were wounded. We had had heard flattering accounts, but after
we h^d left Kingston we heard of his melancholy fate, we continued
our journey and had him taken up and every respect paid to so dear
and dutiful a son, had him laid out and recommitted to his grave
in a double coffin, as it is my intention to remove his remains to
Niagara when time will allow.

****

"2>uctt Bmor

Niagara If tainriral

No. 21

The Centennial— An old Canadian Fort,

BY DEAN GARRETT

Two Frontier Churches— Fort Mississagua Navy Hall
Jail and Court House— French Count's House.

BY JANET CARNOCHAN

Price, 25 cts.

THE TRIBUNE, WELLAND

1911

i'V

1792 1892

THE CENTENNIAL.

Written on the Centenary of St. Mark's Church, Niagara

-By-
THE REV. J. C. GARRETT.

DEDICATION.

To all who have in any way been related to Old St. Mark's, wherever found
to-day, these lines are respectfully dedicated.

Hail ! all Hail ! dear old St. Mark's !

We greet thee joyfully, and well

Upward thy praise. As sky-larks

Sing, o'er field and wooded dell,

Far up in heaven's own blue,

We, too, would sing thy fame,

And tell abroad thy name

Of worth and honor true.

Ring ! Ring ! Loud and merry bell !

And thou, great organ, thunder too !

Wide open every swell !

Join every voice anew,

Out on the morning air, to tell

Thy story true and well,

On this thy day Centennial !

THE CENTENNIAL.

O sacred pile ! Thine age them bearest well !

Over Niagara's harbor, at Ontario's head,

Between Forts George and Mississaugua dread,

A hundred years thou hast stood sentinel.

Where, standing still, as beacon on a hill,

Far out from haven, thy square tower we view ;

Above whose summit, higher rising still,

Waves in the breeze our flag — Red, White and Blue —

For Churchmen true are loyal everywhere ;

Who to the State gave being, ever bear

Upon their hearts its interests with a will.

Nor loyalty, if in thy precincts fair

It be not found : to king and country true,

Our sires, than power, or fame, or glittering gold,

Honor esteemed, which must to countrv hold

Their sons and thine, and other loves dispel,

By ties of living and the bonds of dead.

II.

Grand old St. Mark's ! he treads on hallowed ground,

Who over thy gates' threshold sets his foot ;

For all around thy witnesses, though mute,

By life and death its sacr< dness profound

Proclaim. Blended in thee is found the dust

Of soldier brave and sailor bold, the wise,

Poet, patriot, priest and humbler just,

Waiting the day and call again to rise.

Rest they together in a peace most true,

In hidden spot or place more clear to view ;

'Neath Christian sign, or heathen urn or crust

Of marble pale, which tastes of times devise,

That yet a coming time could never suit.

But yet what matters such, when loves entwine,

And rise beyond the shade of earthly sign,

And but the clay lies resting 'neath the mound ?

III.

If there be place, within our earth's confines
Than other place more sacred, sweet and pure.

(No other's more of love and honor sure,

How far soever we may stretch the lines),

It is this place, where, frohi turmoil secure,

Our simple praises rise an Upward stream,

Till glows the heart, as when the captives dream

Of lands, where freedom's suii forever shines ;

And when the heavenly mysteries are spread,

Aged by Aged to God's board is led — *

Most saintly men, whose earthly duty dolie,

Look towards the land of never-setting sun —

In verity, it makes thee sweetly seem

The gate of heaven and pathway to our Head.

While all around us lie, in peaceful sleep

Our best beloved, who used with us to keep

Sad vigil and the joyful holy-day ;

Whose souls o'er Jordan winged from us awav.

That they some foretaste of that joy might reap,

Which we with them to share both hope and pray.

Sweetness itself thou art ! Thy life in Him

We prove in prayer, in praise, and rite ; though dim

Our view, our faith is clear, and brighter love.

And prayer thus joined to solemn chant and hymn,

In thee below, we rise to things above :

Our treasure there, though still our hearts arc here ;

Yet our affection is as sure on high ;

For love of thee foreshadows as we move,

The coming love, for which we often sigh,

Which shall be ours, when we have victory won ;

And from each face Himself shall wipe last tear —

The God so distant, yet, in Christ, more nigh

Than even thou, the fabric held so dear !

*(In the third canto, beginning with the ninth line, referencr
is made to two venerable, retired clergymen, Canon Arnold, late
rector of Fort Erie, and Doctor Ker, for years the church's
devoted and beloved missionary to Gaspe. The former, nearly
ninety years of age, and some ten years older than Dr. Ker, was
hale and hearty ; the latter, less active and, in fact, grown feeble,
found it much less easy to get about. This gave Canon Arnold
the opportunity of taking the arm of his clerical brother and
assisting him in going to and from the table of the Lord. It was
always to the writer and others a very affecting sight.)

Jao. C. Garrett.

IV.

High on the bank, 'mid beauteous setting

Of feathery willow, chestnut- tree and pine,

By which the river flows, as if forgetting

Its leap sublime ; its seething, swirling, fretting ;

Its rush and roar, adowTn the steep decline ;

The deep and massy goblet, never quaffed,

Held in His hidden hand, Who made and lined

It of a russet hue, with gold unfilled ;

And yet around which demons oft have laughed,

If helpless victim drawn adown its shaft

To them give joy, whose depths we cannot sound ;

Within whose lips the water, bright blue-green,

With foam-flecked surface as each age has seen,

Must wind and whirl as though the gods had spoon

Deep plunged therein, and stirred in turn from e'en

Till midnight, then to morn, anon to noon,

And yet to night again — repeating round

And round within its awful circle's bound :

Anon in sober majesty to flow,

In stately grandeur now its way to find

Into Ontario's arms, wrhich round it twine,

As if, at length, embrace of mother sweet.

Returning child, after adventurous feat,

With welcome eager, happily did greet ;

Pi both the love and life — so it ppre-'rs —

To make complete and back on thee to throw

Their happiness, in such bright, jjoldcn glow

As rests on faces which have done with tears,

Thou hast been placed Centurion of years.

Away down yonder, at thv feet below,
Where breezes raise the swell, and onward waft
Beyond the bar, where danger's stealthiest
Steps pursue, to rob us of our verv best
As to their sorrow our poor hearts well know—-
For by the door we read their tale of woe —
On the lake's heaving bosom may be seen,
Between and on some white and foainv crest,
Like silvered fold on robe of p?le blue-green,
Well manned by such as little know of fears.
All hidden now, anon each one appears,

The fisher-boats ; beyond which, farther far,
Curling from funnel of great steaming craft,
A wide diffused feather hangs abaft
Where it ascends, spreading away behind
A long grey streamer floating on the wind.
And other ships, with sails on every spar,
On which beat hearts of maiiv an honest tar,
Swiftly they speed, some haven sweet to find,
Saluting passers-by with mirthful cheers.
Anigh the harbour and within the bay,
And thou dost watch them, near and far away,
As still thou standest this Centennial J)ay.

VI.

These on the water. On the sandy beach,

With unprotected feet and pail and spade,

And dresses above knees to readier wade,

Near by and all the sandy shore along,

Their little ships securelv held to sail,

The children play ; while fishers mend their net

And reel it up, with whistling and gay sonir

To help. Where find more happy, gleeful throng ?

Their cheeks like roses of a brownish shade,

I/aid on a groundwork soft as peach's bloom,

And eyes, like jewels in some setting pale,

Outflashing joy without a shade .r-f gloom —

Roses and eyes are they, a pri/.e to get !

And now their shouts and laughter our ears reach

Of innocence, the joyful sound and speech ;

In their sweet hearts for guile is yet no room ;

A hundred years here passing, looking yet,

Continued, still is going on thy tale.

VII.

But landward look ! See lying all around,
As with their fragrance all the air is fraught,
So sweet and peaceful on enchanted ground,
Peach-tree and vine, quince, plum and apricot,
Pear-tree and apple, all everywhere abound.
The early violet, late forget-me-not,
June rose and autumn, too ; laburnum's gold,
Accacia purply fair, and other blow
Follow along, until the spring is old,

Of deeper hue or white as driven snow,

Bringing such thoughts as prove, though it be cold,

Love ever lives, and needs but cherishing,

Amidst which standing, thou time-honored pile,

Thy life sublime still by them nourishing,

The pride of which to our cheeks brings a glow ;

Inanimate indeed, yet living all the while,

As to and fro in group and single file,

Men come and go, or swiftly or but slow ;

And whither ? Who can tell us ? Who can know ?

Living to-day — to-morrow perishing !

Yet still thou watches t the great river's flow !

.^<
VIII. ,

Still standest tiiou, and nigh as fresh and fair ,

As those who, blushing, came to thee as brides
Long years ago ; and still thy grace we laud,
Though faded theirs. Scene of many a story
Within thy sacred precincts has been viewed :
In days of peaceful worship naught divides
From thy true use ; yet did presumptuous dare,
In day of wrar, in other nation's name,
To claim thy shelter, and to change thy use,
And desecrate surrounding tombs, nor shy me
To feel. Fragrant thine aisles of flowers there strewed
'Neath mourners' feet and feet of those who glory
Bore — a throng of youth mature and hoarv —
Who came, who went, who yet return no more,
Though ears in listening attitude have waited,
Are waiting still, to hear them as of yore,
Hoping they homeward travel though belated,
Again to get the greeting of fond love —
The greeting sweet to give them in return ;
And eyes, too, strain out to the distant dim,
While prayer goes upward to the throne above ;
For, while life lasts, the holy fire must burn
'On love's high altar, and desire shall hymn,
Kach day, its fondness forth, then upward turn,
In hopeful prayer unto the ear of Him
Who heareth ever, Whose best name is Love,
In Whom, though severed, yet are all related.
Hven now thy sacred walls and well-trod floor —
Holy to us because of .those who -trod
Thereon, who rest in peace to-day with God —

Re-echo still each footstep to our ear ;
Re-echo, too, in tones the while subdued,
The lessons taught of truth and fortitude.
Which make the burdens, that we still must bear,
The easier borne ; re-echo, too, the prayer —
Common to us as to them in their dav —
Whose influence lives, though they have passed away ;
And principles, by which our sires imbued—-
Like them to be, we well may hope and pray—
Made them, what now they ever shall appear,
Men that were MEN, whose bright, unsullied fame
Makes it our gladness to extol their name !
Yes, here they lived, and moved, and were endued
By that which only can be power — the fear
Of God — which them to Him, this land their kinir,
As truth itself made true ; whose honor ring
The future ages shall, and whose high praise,
So long as men have voice, the true shall sing ;
Long as -the sun on man shall shed his rays,
For them thy sons to God thanksgiving raise !

IX.

The holy priests — quaint Addison, mild Creen ;

McMurray honored sees thy present day —

Surrounded were, as stars in heaven are seen,

By lesser lights along the milky-way.

Bravely they labored for the common jjfood,

Nor unreproached of such as should sustain —

Saints live not here alone on angels/ food ;

On rougher fare is fed their nobler name.

The path of virtue is a path of pain ;

Nor true is virtue where is never blame ;

For blame is fostered by the vicious rude ;

Nor lived the man who might no weakness claim,

Whatever height in grace he did attain.

My soul with theirs be joined, when, to the clay,

My body has been laid, like theirs, to rest !

Our dust, redeemed, at length shall waken blest,

And all made pure, as Christ doth make the heart.

To soul rejoin, as part to fitted part.

Death, of this life, is but the crucial test —

The final proof of our triumphal faith ;

And thou are "found," as the apostle saith,

4 'In Him," god-soul, Whose o\vn thou surely art,

Who serve in life, and praise with latest breath.
They having proved His love's length, height; its breadth
And depth ; the beatific vision seen ;
Ended, and well, their holy minis try-
So well, thou art their monument, I ween !

Thy youth renew, surrounded, as thou art,

By such a host as round thee sleeping lie !

Live still ! Connecting link for ages be,

Of those who live, "those from the body free.

Alas ! poor mortals, we in turn must die !

To-day lives none who saw thy welcome birth ;

And who shall live thv final day to see ?

Thy ended work and all completed worth ?

Live ! Teach Thou still to all thai better part

In Him, Whose witness still thou dost abide ;

And comfort sweet yet give to many a heart

Before it cross death's dark and narrow firth !

Continue, thou ! no matter what betide

The ministers, who serve, in course, in thee !

Live on ! For hearts be truest earthlv home,

Until to heavenly home at length they come !

Chime thy s\veet influence, afar and nii^"

From thy pure centre, 'neath the heavenly dome !

Live, though men die — a standing proof still be

Of Catholic faith and Christian liberty !

Out to the world God's love in Christ still ring,

Until it echo from each mountain side !

Live, love and lift to every holy thing,

And ever prove the PALACE OF THE KING.

ADDRESSED TO

AN OLD CANADIAN FORT.

BY REV. J. C. GARRETT.

Tell us, ye broken walls, speak outr ye fallen stones,
The story of that past which time doth shroud —
Swift wrecking time, which, deaf to all your groans,
By storm and tempest, sunshine, cloud,
Did scarify your body, without trowel,
Did cleave from your hi^h head unflinching brow,
So nobly borne, in times both fair and foul,
Tell us, did war or peace your spirit bow ?

Brave sons of France were they, the sea who crossed,
By aid of Aborigines you reared !
How was it then their cause and yours was lost,
When face of foeman you had never feared ?
When through the forest scarce a track was made,
And wily Indian must your soldiers guide,
Made offered chance his remnant honour fade ?
And did he sell you to the other side ?

Who were the men that, from your summit, tore
The three-barred flag, which there so proudly waved ?
I reckon, every stone with hallowed gore,
Of those who faced as guns and cannon raved,
Which true hearts for their King and country pour,
Was all bespattered, ere that standard fell,
And they, who it sustained, the fig-ht gave o'e*-.
Who fought to lose both gallantly and well

*Port Chambly, a military post on the river Richelieu, was
originally built of wood by M. de Chambly, a retired captain of
the regiment of Carignan Salieres, in 1665. It was often attacked
by the Iroquois, was afterwards rebuilt of stone in 1771. In 1775
was captured by the Americans, but retaken in 1776. Its eventful
history is thus vividly and picturesquely described as attacked in
turn by French, Indian, British, American. The Rector of St.
Mark's with such a subject writes sympathetically, ministering as
he does in an historic church. J. O.

While rose the prayer as mass at noon was sung,

Or vesper song at even filled the air,

As bell, thrice tolled, most solemnly was rung,

Did rite, religious, augur dark despair ?

If Holy Christ down on your altar came,

Making its tabernacle throne divine,

How dared the passion of heretic fame,

By weapons carnal, grace like this outshine ?

bo strange it seems while looking at you now,
That with such presence eilort all proved vain ;
Eternal strength and yours, so joined, allow
Such misdirected circumstantial train,
To culminate in climax of such doom,
As, scarred and broken, left you desolate ;
Of perished love and cherished hate the tomb
As well as monument ; alas ! the fate !

Yet, better was it, after all, that change,
Through struggle, costly, came at weary length
Which mingled in a peace, both great and strange.
The elements, which, blended, made the strength,
That needs not, now, protector's help from you,
But on your great decrepitude can look,
And feel from former terror freedom true,
And you as harmless as the near-bv brook.

More lovely in your ruined fallen state,
Than when in pride your cruel cannon roared,
In hurling forth their sanguinary fate
On hearts as true as ever wielded sword :
The drowsy kine, asleep upon your floor,
Young swallows, peeping forth from manv a nest,
..lake truer beauty, than when warrior bore,
Within your walls, in pride of rank, plumed crest.

Hard by, in yonder mound, now sleep the dead,
Through whose veins swiftly coursed the martial fire
And worthy foemen, who of each had dread
Have long forgotten their unholy ire :
Their dust together rests, so well combined
That none could tell that thev had ever fought
Against each other, nor can be defined
Relic of friend or foe in that green spot.

Where emblem of the Christ each way an arm
Spreads, as in benediction, over all,
Assurance that no swift-winged, dread alarm
Can back to earthly carnage ever call :
Your ruin is, for them, blest monument ;
For us, the pledge of an united love,
In a true peace, which never shall be rent —
The eagle pinioned 'neath the >ut spread dove.

Nought say you ; yet your silence is loud speech
So loud that o'er the din of rapids' roar,
In soul, is heard the lesson that you teach ;
Trusting time cometh, when vile war no more
Shall make the need of fortress high and strong,
When hand of brother in a brother's gore
No more shall be imbrued. God grant the long,
Sweet peace — the blissful evermore !

PULPIT AND ORGAN, ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH.

TWO FRONTIER CHURCHES,

BY JANET CARNOCHAN.

A paper read before the Canadian Institute at Niagara
on the 2nd of July, 1890, and re-printed by permis-
sion.

It ought to be an interesting and instructive task to
trace the history of these two churches of Niagara, St.
Mark's and St. Andrew's, dating almost a century back,
the one 1792 the other 1794, and see how many links in
the history of our town and even of our country can be
filled in from those records, which give an ever shifting
kaleidoscope of different nationalities, of pioneer life, of
military occupation, of the red man, Britain's faithful
ally ; of the poor slave here for the first time by any
nation freed by legal enactment, of strenuous efforts for
religious liberty by appeals to Governor and Queen, of
sweet church bells, of booming cannons and blazing
roof trees.

The often-repeated sneer that Canada has no history
has been easily refuted in the case of our eastern
provinces, with their store of French chivalry and Saxon
force, of missionary zeal and Indian barbarities, of fort-
resses taken and re-taken, but still the phrase lingers
with regard to Ontario. Surely we in this Niagara
Peninsula lack nothing to disprove a statement which,
to their shame, many among us allow to pass as if it
were a truth. When we think that within the last two
centuries four races have here fought for empire, that
within sight of us are traces of the adventurous La
Salle, who traversed thousands of miles by sea and land
to perish so miserably on the banks of the river of his
search ; when we think of this spot as an Indian camp-
ing ground, of the lilies of France yielding to our flag
even before Wolfe's great victory, of the landing here of
loyal men driven from their homes of plenty to hew out
in the forests of this new land a shelter under the flag
they loved, of invasion, and three years of bitter strife,
surely we have a right to say we have a historv.

In my attempt to sketch the story of these two
churches I have an ample store of very different materi-

als, a picturesque grey stone church with projecting
buttresses and square tower peeping through the
branches of magnificent old trees, many tablets inside
and out, tombstones hacked and defaced by the rude
hand of war, an old register dating back to 1792, kept
with scrupulous neatness, all these in 'the one case ; in
the other, in the old volume which lie> before me, the
interesting business records of almost a century from
1794, if not of so romantic a nature, still shewing the
sterling metal of this people, telling of bright days and
dark days, of prosperity and adversity, of lightning
stroke and tornado, as wTell as of ''conflagration pale,"
of patient and strenuous efforts by appeals to Governor
and Queen from this, almost the first Presbyterian
Church in Upper Canada. It may be questioned if any
other churches in our land can show such interesting
records.

Now, that the modern tourist has invaded our quiet
town and learned of the beauties with which we are so
familiar, I arn always pleased to remember that as a
child I loved and admired St. Mark's, that it was m\
ideal of an old English parish ch'irch, and churchyard,
and in those days the tourist had not come to tell us
what to admire. When the late lamented Dead Stanlev
visited St. Mark's he said, "this is a piece of old Eng-
land, do not allow it to be altered." The register of
St. Mark's is unique in this particular, that in almost
a century that has elapsed there have been only three
incumbents, one with a record of 37 years, another 27,
the third, the Rev. Archdeacon McMurray, by whose
courtesy I have had access to this record, of thirty-four
years.* Its value is shown by the fact that permission
was obtained some years since to copy all the earlier
pages, and this has been placed in the archives of the
Historical Society of the City of Buffalo.* The Re\ .
Mr. Addison must have had a vein of quiet humor, as
shewn by the quaint remarks interpolated here and there*
alike at baptism, wedding or burial. He was evidently,
a scholar and a lover of books, for his library of sev-

• Ths presenc rector, Rev.J. C. Garrett, now Rural Dean, has
been in office (in 1911) twenty-three years.

* From 1792 to 1830 has been copied by the present writer and
was printed in vol. 3 of the Ontario Historical Society's publi-
cations.

eral hundred volumes, now in the possession of the
Church would bring from far and near the lover of rare
and cuiiuus old books. Here is a Breeches Bible and
Prayer Book in which prayer is offered for Henrietta
Maria, the wife of Charles I., and in dull dusky leather
many rare and valuable books to rejoice the heart of
the bibliomaniac.

The first entry is "Aug. 23, 1792, Henry Warren,
bachelor, to Catherine Aglow, spinster. Aug. 24th,
Capt. James 1 amilton, to Louisa, his wife." The re-
mark appended to this tells a tale of a new country.
"They had been married by some commanding officer
or magistrate and thought it more decent to have the
ollice repeated. "April 12, 1794, William Dixon,
bachelor, to Charlotte Adlem, spinster. May 15, Col.
John Butler of the Rangers buried, my patron." Here
is a pathetic entry, "Julv, 1704^ buried a child of a
poor stranger called Chambers. Sept. 9, buried a soldier
surfeited by drinking cold water. Baptisms, Sept. 3,
Cloe, a mulatto. Married, John Jacks and Rose Moore,
negroes." These must haT e come to their new homes
slaves, but to the honor of Canada, be it said, by Act
of a Parliament which sat within sight of this spot, de-
clared free long before Britain ly many a hard fought
struggle in the House c f Commons made her chattels
free, rr our neighbors by tlu unstinted pouring out of
millions, and of a more costlv treasure of tears and
blood, did the same. The next entry tells of the time
when this was the capital : "Buried, an infant child of
the Atty.-Gen.'s servant ; and Oct. roth, R. B. Tickell
buried," and the comment on some to us never to be
explained tragedy, "Alas he was starved." "Sept. 24th,
White, the b.itcher from Kngland, and an Indian child."
It is noticeable that the rector must have been indefa-
tigable in his exertions, for we find him baptizing ;:t
12 Mile Creek, 20 Mile Creek, do Mile Creek, Ancaster,
Fort Erie, St. Catharines, Head of the Lake, Chip
piwa, Grantham, Falls, York, Long Point. On these
occasions, and when people came from long distances
to Niagara, there are often a great many baptisms
recorded on the one day, the comment of "riper years,1'
shewing many besides children wrere baptized. June
24th, 1700, occurs a well-known name. "Baptism, Allan
Napier McNabb, from York," as also occur the names
of Rid out, Givens, Macaulay from the same place

"Buried, , worn out by excess at the age of 59.

Baptized, Amos : Smith,, of riper years. Buried, old Mr.
Doudle. Baptized, 1801, David, son of Isaac, a Mohawk
Indian. Buried, 1802, Cut Nose Johnson, a Mohawk
chief. Poor old Trumper, Capt. Pilkington's gardener."
These slight descriptive terms show a human interest,
a kind heart, a humorous vein. It is remarkable that
in all the early notices of baptisms, there is nothing
but the name and those of the father and mother ;
after some time come notices of god-mothers, and in
1806 this fuller notice : "May 3rd, Eliza Ann Marie
Vigoreux, daughter of Capt. Henry, Royal Engineers,
and Eliza, godfather Rev. Louis Vigoreux." Here is
the name of one who justly or unjustly received much
blame in the \var. "Baptism, Nov. 2oth, 1808, Augustus
Margaret Firth, daughter of Col. Henry Proctor, com-
mandant of the 4 ist Regiment, and Elizabeth. Mar-
ried, Dec. nth, 1807, Lieut. Wm. Proctor, brother of
Col. Henry Proctor, commanding at. Fort George, to
Joan Crooks. Nov., 1807, John Conrad Gatman, an
old German. Buried, 1810, Master Taylor of looth
Regiment, killed by lightning. Old Amen Misner, May
5th, 1812. Married, Thomas McCormack, bachelor, to
Augusta Jarvis, spinster."

Here is the brief record of the hero of Upper Canada
who did so much by wise counsels, prompt action, and
undaunted courage, to save our country and repel the
invader; who, galloping away in the early morning, was
brought back by his companions in arms in sorrow and
gloom, a corpse. "Oct. i6th, 1812, burials, Gen. Sir
Isaac Brock, Col. John McDonald, they fell together at
Queenston, and they were buried together in the nortn-
east bastion of Fort George." In the Buffalo paper, in
which some of these were copied, occurs the rather
astonishing and not easily to be understood statement
"we now approach the period of the second war of inde-
pendence." HOW an armed invasion of a peaceful
neighboring country can be called a war of independ-
ence by the invader is an unsolved mystery. Also refer-
ring to the burning of our town by the Americans,
before evacuating our territory, these words occur : —
"In one of the engagements between the opposing
forces St. Mark's took lire and all but the solid stone
wall was consumed." How differently can be described
the same event by different people.

During the time of the occupation of the town by the
Americans from May to December, the notices go on in
St. Mark's register, but it may be noted that there are
no marriages except those of two Indian chiefs, thus
recorded : "Mohawk chief Capt. Norton,* to his wife
Catherine, I think on 27th July, 1813, when she was
baptized, and Jacob Johnson, another Mohawk chief
was married to his wife Mary on 2ist August this year.
Buried, July iyth, Col. C. Bishop, died of his wounds.
As this brave young soldier was buried at Lundy's
Lane, Mr. Addison must have been called on to ride all
these miles to perform this service. The next item gives
us another glimpse of warfare. "On the day on which
the engagement betwreen Sir James Yeo and Commander
Chauncey took place on the lake, our dear friend Mrs.
McNabb was buried in Mr. Servos' burying ground,
supposed to be 29th September, 1813." This, history
gives as the 28th Sept., but it is evident that during
this exciting period some of the entries have been made
from memory. Here is an entry which shows that
though Parliament had been removed, Niagara was pre-
ferred as a burial place to York : "i9th June, 1816 -
Buried, George Lane, Esq., Usher of the Black Rod."
"Married, 1817, Rev. Wm. Samson, minister of
Grimsby, to Maria Nelles. Buried, 1819, James Rogers,
innkeeper," and the remark, "a bad profession for any
but very sober men." Sept. 23rd, 1822, Poor Old Hope
Feb. 23rd — Baptized, Agnes Strachan, daughter of Hon.
Dr. J. Strachan, Rector of York, and Ann his wife."
Here may be seen the names of most of the Regime'nts
that have been quartered here, 4ist 8th King's, looth,
99th, 7oth, Sappers and Miners. Of these we still find
traces in buttons picked up at Fort George with these
numbers.

Rev. Mr. Addison was military chaplain for mam
years. In 1810 we find another name as performing
baptisms in that capacity. The last entry in this hand
is 1827, in tremulous characters signed instead of full
name, "R. A." And here, in another hand, is recorded
the burial of this venerable man, whose zeal, piety and
kindness of heart we have seen told all unwittingly in
these pages : "Oct. 9th, 1829 — The Rev. Robert Addison
departed this life on the 6th, in the 75th year of his

*Capt. Norton was originally from Scotland, but learned the
Indian language and followed their customs.

age." On the outside wall of the church is a large tablet
to his memory, and inside another with this inscrip-
tion :—

"In memory of Rev. Robt. Addison, first missionary
in this district of the venerable the Society for the Pro-
pagation of the Gospel in Foreign parts. He commenced
his labors in 1742, which, by the blessing of Divine
Providence, he was enabled to continue for 37 years.
Besides his stated services as minister of St. Mark's in
the town, he visited and officiated in different parts of
this and adjoining districts until other missionaries
arrived. He was born in Westmoreland, England. 'Re-
member them which have the rule over you.' "

The Church was consecrated* in 1828, on Sunday, Aug.
3rd, by the Hon. and Rt. Rev. Charles James, brother
of the Karl of Galloway, and Lord Bishop of yueoec,
in the presence of His Excellency Sir Peregrine Mait-
land, K.C.B., his staff, and other dignitaries. Morning
prayer was said by Rev. Robt. Addison, the lesson and
litany by Rev. Robert Creen, the assistant minister, the
Bishop preaching.

So far, I have not met with any documentary evidence*
to show exactly when the church was built, or how
long in process of construction. The new part can be
plainly seen forming the cross, while the nave containing
the tower is the, old part, as shown by the color of the
stone. The pulpits, curiously carved, have the date

1843-

Before the church was built, the congregation seems
to have met in the Court House, near the site of the
present one, and in the interval during and after the war
in the Old Indian Council Chamber, afterwards used a •-
a hospital, lately burned down. This last, with the
buildings known as Butler's Barracks, was not burned
with the rest of the town, as the British troops were
reported to be entering, and thev were thus saved. Here
are two letters brought to my notice by our disting-
uished litterateur, Mr. Wm.Kirby, which have been lying
forgotten, and now after seventy years throw a flood of
light, giving us information unexpected, as it is invalu-
able, and which, through the kindness of the Rev.
Archdeacon McMurray, I have been allowed to copy

*Sin<je obtained. See our parn^hl t 18, Early History of St.
Mark's.

They were written by Col. Wm. Claus to Hon. and
Rev. Dr. Stuart, asking assistance from the Society (or
the Propagation of the Gospel.

Niagara, TJ..C., Jan. i8th, 1818

"Anxious that something should be done towards
rebuilding our church, which in the winter of 1813 was
unfortunately destroyed by the enemy at the time ov.r
town was burnt. I would not take this freedom if
there appeared the most distant prospect or steps
taken to make it even in a state that we could attend
Divine Service, but during this season it is hardly pos-
sible to attend. It remains in the state the Commissar-
iat put it in for the purpose of storing provisions in
after we repossessed ourselves of the frontier, with the
trilling addition of a temporary reading desk and gal-
lery for the troops. Your Lordship saw the state it
was in last summer. Nothing whatever has been done
or likely to be done. It is not even weather-proof. The
church was made use of in 1812 as an hospital for the
wounded. We were , deprived of our all and have barely
the means of getting covering for ourselves and famil-
ies, to which must be attributed the melancholy state
the church remains in," &c., &c.

The next letter is dated Niagara, 2oth Sept., 1820,
and first speaks of, the visit formerly paid and iroes on
thus : "It may not be amiss to recapitulate. Previous
to war of 1812 the small conq relation of Niagara erec-
ted at their own expense, a church which cost £1200 cy
After its destruction by fire, application was made in
1816 to His Majesty's Government for some aid
towards putting it into a state to perform Divine Ser-
vice in, when His Majesty was graciouslv pleased to
order £500 stg., which has been received and applied,
but falls short of accomnlishing our wish. Our congre-
gation are too poor to expect much from them. From
their living within gunshot of the enemy's lines, they
suffered the loss of all thev possessed, burnt o"t and
plundered of everything, and thev had really not yet
recovered their misfortunes from the late unhappy
events," &c., &c.

The answer to this letter, dated 25th Dec., 1820,
mentions that the Society had lately placed money in
the hands of the Bishop of Quebec for aid in building
churches and refers writer to him.

The churchyard is very interesting and also unique,

for here may be traced the rifle pits constructed during
the war. The church was used by both armies, for after
the battle of Queenston Heights it was used as a hos-
pital for our wounded, then by the Americans as a bar-
racks, and again by our own commissariat. What an
eventful history ! Could these stones speak, (and do
they not speak eloquently of the past ?) what disputed
points in our history might not be cleared up ? The
lover of the curious may find many strangely pathetic
and sometimes strangely grotesque lines here, the
desire to be remembered being so strongly implanted in
the human breast, but I only copy here those having
some bearing on the history of the place.

Length of service seems to be the rule, for in the
graveyard is an inscription : "In memory of John
Wray, 50 years parish clerk of St. Mark's, who died at
an advanced age, Oct. 6th, 1846." The oldest record is
placed inside the eastern door, having been found partly
covered up in the graveyard and placed here for safety.
It is rudely carved and imperfectly spelled by some
hand unskilled in, or all unused to such work :
LENERD BLANCK
DESeaCED
5 AITG
1782

Not many feet from the church is the large flat stone,
so often visited, hacked and marred, for to such an
ignoble use as a butcher's block were these sacred mem-
orials put in 1813. The hatchet marks have almost
obliterated some of the wrords.

"To the memory of Charles Morrison, a native of
Scotland, who resided many years at Machilimacinac as
a merchant, and since the cession of that post to the
United States became a British subject by election ; for
loyalty to his sovereign and strict integrity he was
ever remarkable. He died here on his way to Mon-
treal on the sixth day of September, 1802, aged 65."

In the porch at the north door of the older part of the
church is a tablet which brings back to us the rattle of
musketrv and rush of foemen the day when Niagara was
taken.

"In memory of Capt. M. McLelland, aged 42 years,
Charles Wright and Win. Cameron in the 25th year of
their age, of the 1st Regiment of Lincoln Militia, who

gloriously fell on the 27th day of May, 1813 ; also
Adjutant Lloyd of the 8th King's Regiment of Infantry.
As lurid lightnings dart their vivid light,
So poured they forth their fires -in bloody fight.
They bravely fell and saved their country's cause,
They loved their Constitution, King and Laws."
The last three words, it is needless to remark, are in
capital letters. In excuse lor the absence of poetry in
these lines, it may be said that the people of those
days were too busy writing history with their sw^ords
to trouble about elaborating musical couplets or qua-
trains.

Here we unroll a page of history, a name handed down
to obloquy by skill of the poet and the imaginative pow-
ers of the sensational writer, but no doubt Time, which
rights many wrongs, will do justice to the memory of
one so bitterly spoken of by American historians :
when even Henry VIII. finds a justifier, we. may hope
to see some histories we wot of revised. The poet
Campbell acknowledged his information of the subject
had been incorrect, but how difficult to rectifv the
wrong !

"Fear God and honour the King. In memory of Col.
John Butler, His Majesty's Commissioner for Indian
Affairs, born in New London, Connecticut, 1728. His
life was spent honorably in the service of the Crown.
In the war with France for the conquest of Canada he
was distinguished at the battle of Lake George, Sept.,
Z755) at the siege. of Fort Niagara, and its capitulation
25th July, 1759. Ipi the war of 1776 he took up arms
in defence of the unity of the empire, and raised and
commanded the Royal American Regiment of Butler's
Rangers. A sincere Christian, as well as a brave sol-
dier, he was one of the founders and the first patron of
this parish. He died at Niagara, May, 1796, and is
interred in the family burying ground near this town.
Erected 1880."

Outside the eastern wall is the storv ,of one who 1ms
been fondly remembered, for his tragic fate is recorded
also inside the church on a marble tablet.

"Sacred to the memory of Capt. Copeland Radclifie,
of His Britannic Majesty's Navy, who fell wThilst gal-
lantly leading on his men to board one of the enemy's
schooners at anchor oil Fort Erie on the night of the
1 7th August, i8i.|." One is erected at request of bro

thers and sisters by his nephew, the other by Captain
Dawes, R.N., at request of his mother. We cannot but
drop a tear to the memory of a brave young sailor.
Another near this, "Donald Campbell, Islay, Argyle-
shire, Fort Major of Fort George, died ist Dec., 1812.
Interred on west side of Garrison Gate at Fort George.''
Also the name of Lieut. -Col. Elliot, K.C.B., who fought
in the Peninsular war, Col. Kingsmill, and a daughter
of Chief Justice Sewell. In the church altogether arc
fifteen tablets, two in the vestibules and three on the
outer walls. It may be noted that seven are to military
and naval heroes, four to clergymen ; five women's
names are here handed down.*

Much might be said of the beauty of the spot, of the
quaint pulpits and vaulted roof, of the chime of bells
and the air of quiet repose, but where so many facts
have to be recorded, the aesthetic and the emotional
must be left for another pen or another time.

The Rev. R. Addison was succeeded in 1829 by the Rev. Thos.
Green, who had been his assistant for three years. He was a well
educated man from Belfast College and taught the Grammar
school in town for several years, and at one time gave private
lessons to many who afterwards became distinguished men. Dur-
ing his incumbency the transept was built and there were many
gifts to the church by loving worshippers, among these the com-
munion service by Mrs. Downs, the beautiful tablets from Eng-
land by Mrs. Robt. Dickson, the b:shop's chair by Hon. Wm.
Dickson, the linen and font by Mrs. Hall and Mrs. Melville. The
Rev. Dr. McMurray was appointed in 185C. He had been a miss-
ionary among the Indians at.-Sault Ste. Marie, where he married
the daughter of Mr. Johnson, whose wife was the daughter of an In-
dian chief. During his incumbency a new organ was purchased, a
chime of bells presented by Messrs. Geale and Walter Dickson, a
handsome rectory erected, and previous to the centennial the
church was renovated, the galleries taken down, the box pews
removed and other alterations made. And the dignity of Arch-
deacon was conferred. The Rev. J. C. Garrett, who had been
acting curate for several years, succeeded in 1894 as rector. Dur-
ing his incumbency many improvements and changes have been

*At the present time, 1911, twenty-four in the church — of these
eight to military, five to clergy, five to women, six to the
Kingsmill family.

made, the school house enlarged, the choir is now surpliced, a
choir room has been built. The dignity of Rural Dean was con
f erred this present year, 1911.

In turning now to the history of St. Andrew's we find
many places where the records seem to touch, and each
to help out the other, where the story of one corres-
ponds with the other, and again is widely different.
While much attention has been attracted to the beauti-
ful old church of St. Mark's, to which so much romance
clings, from the fact that it is almost the only building
now left which was not totally destroyed by the fire ol
1813, very little is known of the early history of S. And-
rews. The graveyard, too, is comparatively modern
as all denominations used that of St. Mark's for many
years. There are no old grey stones mutilated by the
hand of war, no tablets in the wall, no stained glass to
give that dim religious light some so much admire.
The present church is a square, solid, uncompromising
looking structure of brick and stone, with a belt of sol-
emn pines on the north and west. While St. Mark's was
built of solid stone, these church pioneers built of less
enduring material, and thus nothing is left of the build-
ing of 1794, built on the same spot as the present
church, erected sixty -years ago. The history of the
church is preserved in an old leather-covered book, with
thick yellow paper, dated 1794, and curious glimpses
are given of our country's progress. The oldest Presby-
terian church in Ontario is believed to be Williamstown,
1786, which, with several others in the vicinity, was
presided over by Rev. John Bethune.* This ranks next.
It may easily be seen that St. Mark's had an immense
advantage, with a settled clergyman, with a salary
from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel of
£200, while St. Andrew^'s, struggling under a load of
debt for many years, with many breaks from the con-
fusion and distress caused by the war, could only have
been kept alive by the strenuous exertions of its mem-
bers. We find many of the same names on the records
of both churches. Some baptized in St. Mark's, in the
breaks in the history of St. Andrew's. Many of the
residents had pews in both churches. It is interesting

"Stamford Presbyterian Church in 1791.

to note that while St. Mark's register uses the name
Niagara, and Newark never occurs, St. Andrew's
record uses the word Newark from 1794, and in 1802

the name Niagara occurs. As a matter of history the
name Niagara was formally resumed 1798 by Act of
Parliament.

The record dates from 3oth September, 1794, and

reads thus : A number of people met this day at Hind's
Hotel, and resolved that "as religion is the foundation
of all societies, and which cannot be so strictly adhered
to without having a place dedicated solelv to divine
purposes, that a Presbyterian church should be erected
in the town of Newark and that subscriptions for that
purpose be immediately set on foot as well as for the
support of a clergyman of the same persuasion." The
c miinittee consisted of John Young, Four Mile Creek,
Chairman ; Ralfe Clench, Andrew Heron, Rob-
ert Kerr, Alexander Gardiner, William McL,el-
land, Alexander Hemphill, any three to form a
quorum in trivial matters, but in matters of
importance the whole to be assembled. Here
follows a bill of lumber, the size of the timbers required
would move the wonder of our modern frames, 8x12 and
6x9. We see the size of the building to have been 46x3. •.
AO grass was allowed to grow under the feet of these
pioneers, for the next day, 1st cf October, follows an
agreement binding them to support Rev. John Dun,
promising to pay £300 for three years, £100 per year
with house room, a previous copy having been made
out 23rd Sept. The agreement is from 3oth June for
the same year, showing that they had enjoyed his ser-
vices from that date. Then follows an agreement as to
windows, there being sixteen with 40, 24 and 12 lights
respectively. A petition to Land Board for four lots in
one square 157, 158, 183, 184. By referring to a plan of
the town, we see that the first church stood where the
present one now stands. A copy of subscriptions for
building the church, different sums subscribed from S
shillings to £10, while the amounts promised for the
support of the clergyman are about the same per year.
Andrew Heron is appointed Treasurer, and "this is to
be made public, as the frame is shortly expected down
and the money will be wanted for the purpose of paying
for the same." The whole amount subscribed at the
time was £215, of which ^150 is marked paid. Among
the names is that of Samuel Street, £8.

Then follow receipts from Rev. John Dun of yearly
salary ; plans for seating and pewing church are
brought forward Sept., 1795. On March, 1796, a sexton
employed for £6 N.Y. cy. On the same date pews to, be
let for £3 a'nd £5 each. Here appear the names of Col.

Butler, Peter Ball, Daniel Servos, Andrew Heron for
sums as high as £10. The 21 seats let this day amount
to £150. The last receipt given by Mr. Dun is 8th i.i.ay,
,1797. His name is found afterwards among the pew-
holders as he gave. up the ministry and engaged in trade.
The next business meeting is Sept. 2nd, 1802, when the
Rev. John Young of Montreal is engaged, to have the
privilege of teaching a school. The .same day the thanks
of the meeting are given to Mr. John McFarland for
the bell which he has been pleased to present to the
church. Again the seats art let and the names of Wil
Ham and James Crooks, John and Colin McNabb, Jas.
Muirhead, the heirs of the late Col. Butler, who
we find from St. Mark's register, died 1796. Then fol-
low lists of payments for glass, putty, stoves, stove-
pipes, rum for glaziers, rum for raising (2 gallons), in-
teresting as shewing the prices then, rope for bell,
l'rope wetted," whatever that may mean I leave for
wiser heads; covering and foundation for steeple, so that
we see that the first church had a spire as well as the
present ; charge for ringing the bell. Accounts from
1804 to 1812, all in a peculiar large hand, the wrritin»
almost filling the line, and thoug;h so large exceedingly
difficult to read. All this time, although there was ccn-
siderable debt, Mr. Heron seems to have advanced
money wht-n needed. We fi'nd in 1795 a "large balance
unpaid and a great deal to be done to make the churcli
convenient and comfortable." An obligation drawn out
requesting "loan of .money from those who were able to
loan any to this laudable purpose, that the building
be not impeded."

The baptisms in this book are only from Aug., 1795,
to 1802, except two daughters of A. Heron, recorded in
his own peculiar hand 1809 and 1814, Nov. 27th, the
latter nearly a year after' the burning of the church. The
baptisms are performed by the regular ministers and
others called \isiting ministers. One in 1792 by Rev.
John McDonald from Albany, U. S. The children of
Ebenezer Colver, township of Lcuth, are entered as bap-
tized in 1781, 1783 and 1791, earlier than any in St.
Marks, but the performing clergyman is not mentioned,
but showing- that in those early days this dutv was not
neglected. Rev. Mr. Mars, a visiting clergyman from
ist Feb. to T4th March, 1801, baptized several. Here
we find the good old word "yeoman" used.

,28

Here is a notice which seems to show friction of
some sort : "Resolved that this church is under the
direction and control of the majority of the trustees and
not subject to the direction of the clergyman." "Re^
solved that the pulpit, being part of the church, is
subject to the majority of the trustees." Provision,
however, seems to have been made even at that early
date for their share in government, of the minority, of
which our politicians may take a note. "Resolved, that
in case of a division of the society the church shall be
held alternately by each party, that is, one week to
one party and one week to the other. The key of the
church to be left at all times with the trustee residing
nearest to the church in order that the majority of the
trustees may know where to find it when they may see
fit to admit a preacher."

In our number 18, in the extracts from the letters of Rev. R.
A'ddison, sent to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
in Foreign Parts, are several references to the Presbyterian
Church which are interesting, and agree with our own records.
Thus, on Oct. 1st, 1803, he accounts for his numbers being fewer
by "the arrival of a Scotch gentleman, a Dr. Young from Mont-
real, by special invitation, I suppose. He is said to be a good
preacher, but has the misfortune of poverty. To show the dis-
position of his parishioners he says that they gave 500 dollars a
year, for three years, to a minister who has since turned trader,
and he believes they will give him something more." This re-
fers to Rev. Jno. Dun, 1794-1797. In June, 1804 : "Two Presby-
terian ministers have been licensed to marry, one of whom lives
in Niagara, the other in the next township.* July 5th, 1807 : It
is not to be wondered at that the church goes on no faster, as
almost all the settlers about Niagara are Presbyterians."

In 1804 Mr. Heron presented an account for £176 8s.
3d. lawful money U.C., inspected and approved, as also
account of Mr. Young £27, also approved. Of these we
shall see more as the years roll on. Resolved that in
1805 Andrew Heron be clerk. April, 1805, persons
named are authorized to obtain services of a clergyman
at the rate of £75 and £50 to teach 13 pupils, if he be
inclined, in Latin, Greek and Mathematics. In this obli-
gation to pay, the word dollars occurs for the first time.
In 1809 the Rev. John Burns gives half his time to
church, the pews to be let for one-half of that in 1796.

*No doubt Stamford.

His name is also mentioned in 1805 and appears during
the years 1810-11, 16, 17, 18. He, it appears, taught
the grammar school and gave part of his time to the
congregation, as sometimes he is mentioned as preach-
ing every third Sunday ' and sometimes every four-th.*
Different efforts seem1 to have been made to obtain a
Presbyterian of Established Church of Scotland, in
1806, communicating with Rev. Jas. McLean, of Glas-
gow, agreeing to pay his expenses out. He actually
preached during June, July, August, the church to be
open to Rev. John Burns when it did not interfere .with
any other engagement of Trustees. In 1809 subscrip-
tions set on foot to finish the church. From 1812 to
1816 there are no records. No doubt the war scattered
the people and broke up the congregation. Here again
St. Mark's had a great advantage, a resident clergyman
and a stone church, not entirely destroyed ; for heavy
as were the timbers of St. Andrew's, they only fed the
flames more fiercely.

In 1818 agreement with Rev. Chas. Jas. Cook. Then,
in 1820 a petition to the Earl of Dalhousie for a sum of
money to build a church in town ami give title to land
on which former church did stand. A collection at
Divine Service to repair windows and building as far as
necessary for comfort of congregation (supposed to .ber
school house). In the Gleaner lying before me for:i8i8v
published in Niagara, is an advertisement of "annual
meeting of Presbyterian Church, to be held in school
house. The accounts of money received and expended in
building school house will be produced."

In the Gleaner for June 17th, 1819, is the following account : —
"A meeting of the inhabitants of Niagara and vicinity, sub-
scribers to funds for rebuilding the church, held in the school
room on the 15th June, Rev. Charles James Cook, chairman, the
following resolution and memorial to His Excellency the Lieut. -
Governor, praying him to recommend that their losses by the
destruction of the church by the enemy be a special case either
to the Provincial Parliament or His Royal Highness, so that tb"
building committee may be aided in the erection of a new church
by the receipt of the value of the old church destroyed in .con-
sequence of being occupied by His Majesty's Army during the
late war.

"2nd.— That this meeting, notwithstanding the magnitude of

*He preached in Stamford at the same timte.

their own personal and individual losses, sincerely regret that
they have so long neglected the first and greatest and most vim-
portant of all duties, the raising up again the House and Dwel
ling Place of their God, fully assured that they can expect but.
little prosperity or happiness in their own while the habitation
of Heaven remains trodden under their feet.

"3rd.— The meeting feels it to be their duty and the duty of
every inhabitant of the town and vicinity to exert their utmost
ability in supplying the money to erect again the Temple of
Holiness, and to build again a House for Him who in aj.es past
was the Lord God of Israel, but who now, with mingled emo-
tions of gratitude and delight, they are enabled to name the
LORD GOD OF NIAGARA— THE LORD GOD OF THE CAN
_ > DAS— THE LORD GOD OF THE CHRISTIAN WORLD.

"4th. — The Building Committee to be Rev. Charles James
Cook, Ralfe Clench, Esq., Andrew Heron, ESQ., John Breaken-
ridge, Esq., John Crooks, Esq., George Young, Esq., and Mr.
William Miller, Jno. Crooks to be treasurer and William Miller
secretary.

"5th. — That all money, after payment of debts and interest
and needful expenses, be paid quarterly to our minister to aid
and assist the salary.

"6th.— Powers to continue to 1st .June, 1820, and then a pub-
lic meeting to be held 23rd June. The committee chosen for the
immediate erection of a Presbyterian Church will receive pro-
posals for building and governing said church, either for erection
only, without materials, also for erection with materials, also
for delivery of the needful lumber for the finishing of said church.
A plan and elevation may be seen at Mr. Koune's. Contractor
to be allowed to cut timber free of charge on a farm five miles
distant."

-" In 1820 a letter asking for the services of Rev. Thos.
Creen, who had preached for them a few weeks and with

_. whom they were pleased. At a meeting in the school
house, 'held 1821, ''Resolved to put themselves under the
Presbytery." Here follow signatures and sums prom-
ised, sadly diminished from those before the war. In
1821, Rev. Mr. Smart, of Brockville, who was present,
was appointed their commissioner. On the 2ist Dec.
elders were nominated, Rev. John Pnrns presiding.
vScarcely any records for 1822-23, but in 1824 is pre-
sented the former account of £176 8s. 6d., with interest
for twenty years, making the whole sum almost the
amount (£400) allowed by Government for loss of the
church. £100 had been received and paid on this

account. Some interesting items occur. Paid for deed
of church, £6 145. 6d.; passage to York and back, £1 ;
detention there two days, los. There seems to have
been ino settlement of this account till 1833 when fol-
lows in small clear writing almost like copper-plate of
W. D. Miller, "amount due the two persons named.
£203 ; interest for 9y. 4 2-3 m. from 1804 till the
church was burnt." This is signed by James Muirhead,
Robert Dickson, Win. Clarke, perhaps as arbitrators, or
who state this to be the decision of the majority of the
trustees.

The wheels of state must have moved slowly, as
this sum, £400, demanded in 1802 from the Government
awarded in 1824, wras not paid for several years and
then only in instalments of 10 p.c., 25 p.c., etc. In
1828, Rev. Mr. Fraser was engaged for two years and
in 1829 a call was sent to tjie Presbytery of. Glasgow
offering £150, and the Rev. Robt. McGill was sent out.
Now come various interesting items bearing on the
vexed questions of Clergy Reserves, status of Presby-
terian ministers, &c. Fancy a proud, dignified man like
Dr. McGill, coming from Scotland, where he was a min-
ister of the Established Church, and finding that he was
not allowed to perform the ceremony of marriage. Here
are extracts from the dignified and rather curt letter
he writes :—

"Sir, — I understand it to be required by the law of
the province that a minister in connection with the
Established Church of Scotland .... must yet submit
to request of the General Quarter Sessions authority to
celebrate marriage, even among members of his own
congregation .... although I regard this law as an
infringement of those rights secured to the Established
Church of Scotland by acts of the Imperial Parliament
of Great Britain . . /. it seems expedient that I should
conform to it, until, that church, to which I belong, shall
procure its abrogation as an illegal violation of its
rights. 1 request, therefore, that you will give notice to
all concerned that I intend . . . ."

Also in this connection comes a copy of certificate to
the Governor's office, York, for the share of mone}
alloted by Her Majesty's Government for support of
ministers "of Church of Scotland. In 1830, subscriptions
for a new church: this is seventeen years after the town
was burnt, they having worshipped in the school-room

where the sexton's house now stands. Also a subscrip
tion for sacramental silver vessels, which cost £20. On
looking over the names we find many familiar to us,
but so far as I know of the eighty names signed sixty
years ago of various sums from £10 to £50, there are
just two living now, Wm. B. Winterbottom, Niagara,
and Gilbert McMicking, Winnipeg. Such well known
names are here as Robert Dickson, Walter H. Dickson,
Ivewis Clement, Andrew Heron, Thomas ,Creen, Edward
C. Campbell, Robert Hamilton, Daniel McDougall,
Robert Melville, Jas. Crooks, Jno. Claus, John Rogers,
John Wagstaff. The whole sum subscribed was £760,
;the church to seat 600. The name St. Andrew's was
now used for the first time, salary of the clergyman
£175 with Government allowance and promise of manse
-as soon as possible. Next comes Incorporation of
church arid the plan of the church and the names of those
who purchased seats, of whom there are now in the
church representatives of six.

In the Niagara Gleaner of June 4th, 1831, is .an account of the
ceremonies connected with laying the foundation stone of St.
Andrew's Church, from which paper extracts are now made.
"On 31st May, Tuesday last, the foundation stone of the Pres-
byterian Church was laid on the same spot on which the former
church stood, which the Americans hurned during the war.
There was a large assemblage. The 79th Highlanders were pres-
ent and at 4 o'clock furnished national music. A sealed bottle
containing a roil of parchment written as follows : 'The foun-
dation stone of St. Andrew's Church (at Niagara, in the Dis-
trict of Niagara, the Province of Upper Canada) in communion
with the Established Church of Scotland, was laid 31st day of
May, in the year of* our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
thirty-one, in the first year of the reign of His Majesty King
William IV.. of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-
land, &c.' Sir John Colborne, Lieutenant-Governor of the Prov-
ince. Signed by the Minister, Elders, Trustees of the Church,
Building Committee, Trustees of Land in trust for the congrega-
tion, contractors for the building of the church, also officers
commanding, and sergeants of detachment of 79th Highlanders or
Cameronian Highlanders. Various foreign coins, British, copper,
silver, gold coinage of George III. and George IV., a Gleaner
newspaper, also an Ayr Advertiser from Scotland." The prayer
offered by the Rev. R. McGill was as follows : "Almighty and
Eternal, Creator of Heaven and Earth, be pleased to prosper by
Thy gracious providence this undertaking, and enable us happily

to complete what we have piously begun. Preserve this building
from fires, floods, storms and all accidents, that it may be a
sanctuary to Thy sincere worshippers to remote times. May
those by whose Christian liberality it is erected long enjoy
within its walls the blessings of a pure Gospel faithfully adminis-
tered, and bequeath it to their posterity an evidence of their
own true piety and of their concern for the real and immortal
welfare of thei* children and their country. And may a seed
arise up to serve and praise Thee when we are joined to our
Father in the Temple above. Now unto the King Eternal, Im-
mortal and Invisible, the only true God, the Supreme Architect
and Ruler of Heaven and Earth, be honour and glory for ever
and ever." The address given was as follows, in part : "Ladies
and Gentlemen,— We shall regard this as a memorable and an
auspicious day, from which we date the commencing the erection
of a church which shall, I trust, not only be a blessing to our-
selves, but to those who shall come after us. * * * For myself,
ladies and gentlemen, may I be permitted to say that much as
we are interested in the present work, we are more deeply con-
cerned in the great designs of which .this building is only one of
the external means of promoting and leading men to the chief
corner stone laid in Zion elect, and precious, upon which all true
Christians are built, a Spiritual House, a Holy Priesthood to
offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God by Jesus Christ.
* * * May it be our task and our pleasure to complete what we
have now begun. And when time at some period far remote
shall have crumbled the structure we are about to erect, and
when other hands shal! raise from this stone the memorials of our
day which we have now deposited in it, I trust it will only be to
erect a more magnificent and durable structure to be the house
of prayer to a numerous population, more distinguished for wis-
dom and zeal and piety lhan we are, who shall then be sleeping
in the dust around- — perhaps unknown but assuredly not unre-
warded."

In 1834 the old meeting house was rented
for £12 ios. In 1836, directions to advertise
for a precentor in the newspapers of the town.
Belonging1 to this period are the Communion tokens,
bearing the inscription, . "St. Andrew's Church, 1831, R.
McGili, Niagara, U. C.," which are now in demand by"
collectors of coins and may yet be quite rare if this
rage of numismatists continue. Now comes the vexed
question of the Clergv Reserves in the form of a petition
to vSir Francis Bond Head for a due support from lamls
appointed, &c. Now that the bitterness and rancor

caused by this subject is forgotten we may quote with-
out risk of wounding any one the words of the petition
to Sir John Colborne showing the national character-
istics of this people, a stern determination to have their
constitutional rights and to gain them not by violence
but by constitutional means. The petition goes on to
state that "they feel) aggrieved by an act of the Lieu-
tenant Governor, establishing a rectory by which their
rights are infringed and which is incompatible with
privileges granted by the Treaty of Union between Eng-
land and Scotland, privileges belonging inalienably in a
British colony to subjects of Scotland as well as sub-
jects of England." The institution of the rectory it is
said "recognizes the incumbent as sole spiritual
instructor of all residing within its bounds and places
them in same relation to the Establishment as Dissenters
of England are to church established there." To this
are signed 128 names, of those the only ones now known
to be living are A. C. Currie, Win. Bar^ Jas. Mc-
Farland.

Annual meeting 6th February, 1838, we have a
glimpse of the Rebellion, "as meeting was unavoidably
deferred on account of disturbed state of country from
late insurrection ary movement, and piratical invasion
from frontiers of U.S., the members being engaged in
military duty." In 1838 comes the appointment of Jno.
Rogers as treasurer, which position he held till his
death in 1883, almost 46 years. It may be noticed that
while there have been only three incumbents in St.
Mark's, and in St. Andrew's so many changes, the
latter church had the advantage of three faithful officers
whose term of oilice reaches almost to a century.

In 1810, in acknowledgment of sacrifice made by Rev.
R. McGill remaining in Niagara instead of accepting a
call to Glasgow, a subscription to raise the sum of
£300 as a New Year's gift from his congregation. In
1840, reference to school kept by Jas. Webster in school
room under control of church, in 1842 called St.
Andrew's Church School, and to avail themselves of
Act passed in Parliament in regard to common schools.
A paper bearing on the subject of Clergy Reserves came
into my hands some years ago which I copied. Singu-
larly enough it is not found in this book, as a parch-
ment copy was kept. It is a petition -to the Queen in 1842
that, "in consequence of mistakes made in the census

of 1839, members of Presbyterian Church were under-
rated in settlement of Clergy reserves in 1840, and thai
relief be granted for this wrong." It is signed only by
heads of families, 142 names, giving number in "each
family, making 628 altogether. This was in the palmy
days of Niagara, when the church was crowded above
and below ; in 1844 only one seat and two half seats
were not taken, during ship-building at the dock. Of
the names signed to this petition only one person is now
living, Alexander R. Christie, Toronto.

A legacy of £750 was left by John Young to the
church and a statement is made that part of it is
invested in Montreal Harbor Loan. Rev Mr. McGill
reports that he has received £52 los. in interest for the
balance which by condition of the will he could use for
himself but minutes go on to say that he generously
allows to church. The only tablet* in St. Andrew's is
in the southern vestibule, reading thus : — "Sacred to
the memory of John Young, Esq., long a merchant in
Niagara, returning home in pain and infirmity he was
drowned in Lake Ontario, where his body rests awaiting
the hour when the sea shall give un her dead. In hi-s
last illness concerned for the spiritual welfare of com-
ing generations he ordained a bequest for the perpetual
maintenance of divine ordinances in this church. He met
death Juh* 29th, 1840, aged 73. Pray for the peace ot
Jerusalem, because of the house of the Lord I will seek
thy good." In 1845 a presentation to Dr. McGill, on
occasion of his leaving for Montreal, of breakfast and
tea set of massive silver. To this are signed 64 names,
of whom now living are Thos. Elliot, Andrew Car-
nochan, Jas. McFarland. It is singular that while
Montreal gave a minister to Niagara, in its earlier
days the chief city of Canada was now indebted to
Niagara for an able preacher. The present manse was
built by Dr. McGill, and purchased from him with the
legacy of Mr. Young, as the handsome pulpit was the
gift of Mr. Young.

Among the names signed in 1850 to the call' to Rev.
J. B. Mowat, now professor of Hebrew, Queen's Uni-
versity, now living are only Jno. M. Lawder, Jas. G.
Currie, James M. Dunn, John Currie, Andrew Tor-
ranee. The memory of Rev. Dr. Mowat is vet cherished

*The Centennial tablet placed since.

in Niagara. In 1851 is noticed the very handsome sum
paid in to support ! of the church by non-commissioned
officers and privates of Royal Canadian Rifles here, who
attended St. Andrew's. In 1852 is purchased a bell ;
having enjoyed the use of one for nine years, 1804 to
1813, the}' were without one for forty years. In 1854 a
glebe is purchased with £150 offered by Clergy Reserve
Commissioners ; they afterwards raised £50 to com-
plete the purchase. In this period the church twice sus-
tained serious injury from storms, the roof being taken
oil and other damage sustained.

Of the names signed to the call to Rev. Chas. Camp-
bell in 1858 we have a startling commentary on the slow
but sure approach of death, of 68 names only four per-
sons are now living, Jas. M. Dunn, Jno. Blake, Thos.
Elliot, Robert Murray. Having now come to compara-
tively recent times we may fitly close with an extract
from the records of St. Andrew's, on the death of Win.
Dull Miller, which goes on in stately periods thus: "who
for the long period of half a century had been a most
valuable member, taking on all occasions a deep inter-
est and acting a faithful part in the temporal and
spiritual affairs of the church, being one of that little
company of excellent Christian meli (himself the last
survivor) that during a lengthened probation of trial
and suffering, arising chiefly from the want of regular
ministerial services, managed and kept together the
Presbyterian congregation of Niagara, when in the year
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty -
nine, their laudable efforts were at last rewarded, by the
Church of Scotland ordaining and inducting a minister
to the pastorate ; the deceased, the following year, on
the completion of the ecclesiastical organization of the
congregation to church ordinances, was ordained to the
Eldership, which office he worthily and actively filled
to the day he rested from his labors."

Yes, these pioneers of St. Andrew's and St. Mark's
did noble work ; after life's fitful fever they sleep well.
May those of the present day not prove degenerate sons
of such noble sires, but in the duties of every day life
write history so that those of a day as far advanced on
the light and civilization of ours as this is of the days
of which we have been giving the record, may say of us,
('thev did what they could."

Since writing the above, two centennials have been

REV. R. McGILL, D. D.

held in the town, ,that of .St. Mark's held 9th, loth and
nth of July, 1892, and that of St. Andrew's, held i8th,
1 9th and 2oth of August, 1894, in each case the meetings
being largely attended, especially by the descendants ot
the members of these churches a century ago, they often
having come long distances. In St. Mark's a brass tab-
let was unveiled with the following inscription : —

"To the Glory of God. This tablet is erected by the
congregation of St. Mark's church in grateful commem-
oration of the looth anniversary of the foundation of
this parish, on the 9th of July, 1792. The nave of the
church was built about 1807, and burned during the war
of 1812, the walls only remaining. It was restored 1820
and enlarged to the present dimensions in 1843. During
the century the living has been held by the following
incumbents : The Rev. Robert Addison, 1792 to 1829 ;
the Rev. Thomas Creen, 1829 to 1857 ; the Rev. Wm.
McMurray, D.D., D.C.L., Archdeacon of Niagara, to the
present time, assisted since 1888 by the Rev. J.C. Gar-
rett as curate .in charge.

At the Centennial of St. Marks on 9th, 10th, llth July, large
congregations were present and these were thoroughly representa-
tive, there being children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren
of the first rector, children of the second and third rectors, de-
scendants of Col. John Butler, and many other early members.
There were thirteen clergy in the procession. The Right Reverend
A. Cleveland Coxe, Bishop of New York, preached the sermon on
Sunday morning, as the Bishop of Niagara was unfortunately not
able to be present.

In consulting the archives of Canada several items
have been found definitely fixing *the date prettv con-
clusively of the building of St. Mark's. The evidence at
least is of a negative nature, showing that St. Mark's
could not have been built before 1802. A sum of monev
had been granted from England, and a letter, Februarv
24th, 1797, from Peter Russell to Lord Portland, asks
leave to have churches built at Newark, York, Cornwall
—there being already one at Kingston. On Sent, nth,
in a letter from Lord Portland to Peter Russell, £500
has been granted. Feb. 2oth, 1798, no part of the monev
appropriated had been applied for and recommends that
subscriptions be raised by inhabitants, sites chosen and
church wardens elected. In 1802 money is apportioned
to Sandwich, ^200 ; Niagara, £100 ; York, £300 ;
Cornwall, £200. In the places mentioned the people

are building, or preparing to build, and are applying
for -their proportions. Mrs. Simeoe writes, 26th July,
1792, "there is no church here, met for service in Free
Mason's Hall, where divine service is performed on Sun-
day."

Since the above was written proof positive has been obtained.
Tn number 18 of our publications is an article entitled : "Early
History of St. Mark's." The information there contained was
kindly furnished by Mr. Cyril de M. Rudolf from the documents
of the S. P. G. in London, England. A yearly report had been
sent by Mr. Addison, and from these letters extracts had been
carefully made, this on Dec. 29th, 1804 : "The congregation
rather increases and they begin to tal'i seriously of building a
church. July 1st, 1805.— The church is begun and half up. July
5th, 1807 — The church advances slowly. The floors, however, arc
laid and the .windows nearly ready for glazing. Jan. 2nd, 1808—
The church advances but slowly. It has gotten the first coat of
plaster and I hope it will be fit for di/ine service towards the
end of summer. Jan. 5th, 1810 — The church is so far finished
that divine service has been constan'lv performed th^re since last
August. The pews are handsome and sold for more th^n £300
It is the best church in the Province."

From this we see that the church was begun in 1804 and fin-
ished sufficiently for divine service in 1809.

Mr. Addison gives interesting glimpses of the war, as when
in 1813 : "The most respectable inhabitants were sent as pris-
oners of war into the States 2 or 300 miles into the interior."
He was put upon his parole and suffered ,to remain in his house,
but when our army advanced towards Niagara they formed a
line about four miles from the town, and his house was some-
times the headquarters. Then he performed divine service to the
separate divisions alternately, and visited the sick, who were
very numerous. He had reason to be thankful, for though he had
been plundered, made prisoner of war and harassed till he was
dangerously ill, yet his house, which is about three miles from
the town, has escaped and affords an asylum to several sufferers
who fled from the flames.

Many of the inscriptions are remarkable for their bold
(lights of fancy ; the exigencies of rhyme, rhythm and
syntax are boldly met and conquered. A few examples
may be given. Over the Trumpeter II . M. Royal Artil-
lery's Division,—

"Here lies within this silent grave
A Royal Soldier brisk and brave,

\Vho suddenly was snatched away,

From oil this sodden foot of clay."
Another dated 1802 :— -

"So weep not, drie up your tears ;

lleare must i lie till Christ Apears."
No faint praise is this :—

"Here lies as much virtue as could live."
Another :—

"Filial aHection stronger than the grave,
From Times' obliterating hand to save ;
Krects this humble monument of stones
Over a father's and a mother's bones."
How dillerent from the simple name and age of the
monuments lately erected here.
"The memory of a life noblv rendered is immortal ;"

"Laid here in faith, hope and love all that is mortal of — "
Since the publication of No. 7, Historical Buildings in 1900,
many costly and beautiful gifts have been given to St. Mark's
by present and former members, which add to the adornment of
the sacred edifice and show the love and generosity of the givers.
A beautiful black walnut communion table in memory of the
late John W. Ball, made from a tree grown '--D the farm of him
whose memory is thus commemorated : "Join- W. Ball, who with
faithful devotion filled the office of Church Warden of this parish
for twenty-one consecutive years. Born 1813. Died 1890. Erected
1909."

Another memorial is a handsome pulpit in golden oak to the
"Memory of James and Amelia Kennedy and their deceased
children, also George Gofl. their son-in-law. Erected by Charles
Kennedy and his sister. Amelia Goff, July. 1909 "

A memorial lectern of bronze pnd brass has come from
Detroit, sent in memory of her father by Mrs. Austin, a daughter
of Captain Winnett Lockart Melville, who formerly worshipped
in St. Marks. The lectern was first placed in Grace Churcii,
Detroit. An angel with outstretched arms supports the readintr.
desk. The church has been further beautified by the placing of
two memorial windows of stained glass by Mrs. Dorothy Car-
nathan Baur in memory of h?r parents and husband, the late
Charles Baur of Terre Haute. Ind., whose remains were lately
brought here and placed in the costly mausoleum in the ceme-
tery. Another stained elass window is in memory of John Lees
Alma ; another to Archdeacon McMurray. The beautiful Resur-
rection morn window is to Mrs. FeU. while the soft subducci

REV. THOS. CREEN.

colors of the chancel window furnish the only example of the
work of that period (1843) in Canada, being similar to one in St.
James' Cathedral. Toronto, which building was destroyed by
fire.

Of St. Andrew's tqo, some later information may be
given. The centennial celebration held on Aug. i8th,
1 9th, 2oth, was well attended, the Premier of the pro-
vince, now the lyieutenant-Governor, Sir Oliver Mowat,
was present and made an address, which supplied many
links in the history of the church, while the Hon. Bov
erly Robinson, the late lyieut. -Governor, followed in a
short, pithy speech. A tablet was unveiled by Rev.
Prof. Mowat, a former pastor, having the following
inscription : —

1794—1894.

"In grateful commemoration of the one-hundredth
anniversary of the organization of this congregation,
tb is tablet is erected by the members of St. Andrew's
Church, Niagara. The first building, begun in October,
1794, and erected on this spot, was burnt in the war of
rtti2 — 14. The congregation met in St. Andrew's school
room on the north corner of this block, for some years.
The present church was built in 1831. The ministers
have been: Rev. John Dun, Rev. John Young, Rev.
John Burns Rev. Thos. Fraser, Rev. Robert IVIcGill,
D.D.; Rev. Charles Campbell, Rev. William Cleland,
Rev. J.W. Bell, M.A., and the present pastor, Rev. N.
Smith."

The attendance at the Centennial of St. Andrew's was repre-
sentative, there being children and grandchildren of former
pastors and early officials— Miss Campbell, grand-daughter of
Rev. John Burns ; Mrs. Hamilton, grand-daughter of John
Crooks, the superintendent of the first Sunday School in town ;
Mrs. Colquhoun. daughter of Win. Clarke, the treasurer of sixty
years before : Mrs. Wilson, daughter of W. D. Miller, an elder
for fifty years : several who had been married by Dr. McGill
fifty years before. The sermon Sunday morning was preached by
Dr. J. B. Mowat, wearing the gown and from the lofty pulpit,
this by special request.

Since the Centennial many improvements have been made, the

church renovated, the cemetery, which had been much neglected,

regularly taken care of ; a new organ for the Y.P.C.B., which

celebrated its 25th anniversary in 1910 ; a handsome "Esty organ

of fine tone for the church, in the present year, 1911.,

The Centennial book of St. Mark's was printed in 1892 b*
Jas. Bain, Toronto, and that of St. Andrew's in 1895, by Wrr»
Briggs. both having been written by the present writer.

The Rev. N. Smith wastke pastor for 19 years and during
his incumbency the church was thoroughly renovated. The pre-
sent pastor is Rev. A. F. MacGregor, B.A., 1905, to present
time, 1911.

In the graveyard too, as in that of St. Mark's, may
be found the names of many of the U. E. Loyalists and
of soldiers who fought here, as Donald McDonald of the
79th Highlanders, etc. Here also was buried in 1833
John Crooks, the Superintendent of the first Sunday
School in the town. A small tablet inserted in the
north wall of the church has the words, "The Minister's
Burying Place." Is it not strange that in all those
hundred years no minister of the church died here so
that, but for an infant of a day, this square is
unoccupied.

In the Archives of Canada for the year 1891 is a let-
ter dated Newark, Oct. I2th, 1792, from Richard Cart-
wright, asking for assistance to Church of England in
Eastern District and goes on to say that "The Scots
Presbyterians, who are pretty numerous here, and to
which sect the most respectable part of the inhabitants
belong, have built a meeting house and raised a sub-
scription for a minister of their own, who is shortlv
expected among them." This shows that some sort of
building had been erected before that started in 1704.

Of these two historic churches the words of George
McDonald in the Sea Board Parish may be appropri-
ately quoted : "And when I saw it I rejoiced to think
that I was favored with a church that had a history-
one in which the hopes and fears, the cares and consol-
ations, the loves and desires of our forefathers should
have been roofed — Therefore I would far rather, when I
may, worship in an old church, whose very stones are a
history of how men strove to realize the Infinite, com-
pelling even the powers of nature into the task."

LOCUST GROVE.

THE RESIDENCE OF MRS. J. W. BALL.
BY CHAS. A. F. BALL.

The families of Bahl or Ball and Mann intermarried ;
all or a portion of either or both emigrated from Heid-
elberg, Germany, to Blofield, in the County of Norfolk,
England.

In the year 1690, during the reign of William and
Mary, some members of the Ball family purchased from
the Crown lands in the Mohawk Valley, at one York
shilling per acre, emigrated to America and settled
•there.

In the Revolutionary War the family remained loyal
to the British Crown, and Jacob (the father) with his
sons, Peter, Jacob and John, came -to Canada in 1782
and engaged in the war on the side of Great Britain in
Butler's and Queen's Rangers. Jacob (the father) who
was a Captain, was followed to Canada by the greater
part of his company, who joined with him in the cause
of the Crown. George, the youngest son, with the
.female portion of the family came to Canada in .1784.

Ivands were granted by the Crown in the townships of
I/outh and Niagara, — the family settled on the latter,
about two miles from Niagara.

George, the youngest son, went to the township of
L/outh, on the Twenty Mile Creek, that part afterwards
known as Ball's Mills, where he erected a grist mill,
saw mill, woolen mill, cooper shop and general store.
These were largely utilized by the military in the war of
1812 — a portion of a British Regiment being stationed
there for a considerable time to guard the mill and other
property, whence a very considerable portion of their
supplies was received.

During the war of 1812, the home on the Niagara pro-
perty was burned by the enemy, grandmother being
driven out and only allowed to take a small bundle in
her hand. The house, about 70 feet in length, was com-
pletely destroyed and with it a quantit^ of valuables
sent there for safe keeping. In 1818 John built the
house seen to th^ rio-ht of the picture and in 1820 George
built a large brick house, that which appears in the

engraving, on the Niagara homestead, and in 1821
removed there from Louth with his family and contin-
ued to reside there till his death, which occurred in Feb-
ruary, 1854.

With reference to the aforementioned British regular
troops at Ball's Mills, there were two companies (of the
I04th, I believe) under command of Captains Brock and
Vavasour. Capt. Brock was a nephew of Gen. Sir Isaac
Brock. The General's hat, which was received after the
death of the General, was presented by his nephew,
Capt. Brock, to my father, George Ball. Capt. Brock's
wife was with him at the Twenty.

(The foregoing memorandum was written by Chas

A. F. Ball, youngest son of George Ball.)

The following lines written on the balcony of the old
house, (apparently in red chalk) were distinctly legible
for many years after :—

"The blessing of God attend this house

For the kindness they have shown
To the io4th when stationed here,
The country to defend."

In addition to the above it may be said that of theiooo
acres granted to the family in Niagara township over
a hundred years ago, that 750 acres are still in the pos-
session of the family, unlike many families who now
own none of the land so granted, and through the length
and breadth of Canada are found descendants of Jacob
Ball, whose name appears in the list of Butler's Rang-
ers. In the Historical Room is the original Muster Roll
of one company of this celebrated regiment, dated
Niagara, 1782. It is headed Lieut. -Col. John Butler,
Capt. Peter Ten Broeck, 1st Lieut. Jacob Ball, Muster
Roll for 218 days, from 3oth Sept., 1782, to 9th April,
1783, and contains the names of fifty privates, three
sergeants, three corporals, two drummers, \vith inter-
esting remarks as "on command to Oswego or Detroit,"
"On Duty," "Prisoners of War," etc. Capt. Ten Broeck
resigned in January, 1783, and Jacob Ball must then
have become Captain. Many well known names of U.

B. Loyalists occur as Fields, Showers, McMicken, Cas-^
sady, Vrooman, Clendennan, etc.

In a census taken by Col. Jno. Butler in 1782 of the
settlement at Niagara the name Ball does not occur, but
in that of 1783 Jacob Ball is mentioned with IT acres

cleared, and Peter Ball 5 acres, while others who had
come earlier have in some cases 50 acres cleared.

In the family burying ground are inscriptions to
Jacob Ball and his three sons, Jacob, John and George,
while in the old burying ground at Homer may be seen
a large raised tomb to the other son, Jacob Ball. It
is remembered that all the older family spoke German
as well as English, and also the elder children.

In many documents the name is honorably men-
tioned. In the papers of 1847 as showing the extended
trade of this district, and of Ball's Mills referred to
before, in the disbursements of money raised to relieve
the distress in Ireland, is the item of 500 barrels flour
purchased from G. P. M. Ball, L,outh, (son of George
Ball) from Ball's Mills to send to Irelan'd, and in the
list of contributors to allay the want and suffering
caused by the famine, the name of George Ball, Louth,
as giving 16 barrels of flour. There also appear the
names of Wm.M.Ball and John Ball among the contrib-
utors. Besides this, shewing the liberality of the family
in all good works, on the list of life members of tho
Bible Society giving $50 at one time, are found the
names of Jno. W. Ball, Margaret Ball, Mrs. J. W.
Ball, and others. In the list of Grammar School Trus-
tees, Magistrates and other ofticials, the name Ball fre-
quently occurs, and in St. Mark's Centennial volume is
a portrait of John W. Ball, who for fifty years was an
officer of the church as S. S. teacher, Church Warden,
or other official capacity.

Mrs. Roe and Mr. C." A. F. Ball, who are Hon. Vice
Presidents of our Historical Society, are the only sur-
vivors of the eleven children of the George Ball referred
to above.* I^d j £

*Both died 1910.

FORT MISSISSAGUA.

BY JANET CARNOCHAN.

The fort has been called one which never fired a shot
in anger, at least as it now exists, for little but the
tower, the ramparts and the magazines remain. The
earthworks are in the shape of a star and of much
earlier date, certainly previous to 1796, and at different
points there were batteries in the War of 1812. From
the Archives of Canada we learn that an Act was
passed by the Provincial Assembly at York in 1803 to
erect a lighthouse on Mississagua Point, at the entrance
of the river near the town of Niagara. In an engraving
in John Ross Robertson's History of Free Masonry, the
lighthouse may be seen with the lighthouse-keeper's
house near it, and on the bank, nearer the town, build-
ings which must represent the Engineer's Quarters,
about the site of the Queen's Royal Hotel. In the
engraving in our first pamphlet, from the Philadelphia
Portfolio of 1818, representing the taking of Fort
George, may be seen the river and lake front, shewing
the lighthouse, St. Andrew's Church, St. Mark's
Church, a batters', Forts George and Niagara on the
27th May, 1813.

Dominic Henry, a veteran in the 4th Batt. Royal
Artillery of Cornwallis, afterwards came to Niagara
and became the keeper of the lighthouse from 1803 to
1814, dying at Niagara in 1829. His wife Mary Madden,
we find from the Records of the Loyal and Patriotic
Society, published in 1818, was presented by them with
the sum of £25, in appreciation of her work in serving
out refreshments to the British soldiers of Vincent's
small force when resisting overwhelming numbers, 6000
against a few "Uiindrecl, and she is described as "a hero-
ine not to be frightened," and here on the I3th Decem-
ber of the same year fled many inhabitants of the town
bringing valuables for safe-keeping until the house could
hold no more, when the sky was lit up with the con-
flagration of the town, for the lighthouse on the Can-
adian side, useful to both east and west, and the light-
house keeper's house as well, were spared. It is believed
that the present tower was built shortly after on the

spot where the lighthouse stood, it being taken down,
as a light was put on the top of the present old castle
at Fort Niagara shortly after ; the present lighthouse
having been built about 1875 and the light removed from
the old castle of 1725. An outline sketch of some of the
buildings taken by Gen. Seaton Gordon in 1824, and
shewing the flagstaff, is in possession of our society, and
in Lossing's History of the War of 1812 is a sketch
taken by him in 1860 of the various buildings here then,
some of them of log, none of which are now to be seen,
for it was dismantled in 1870, and the cannons removed,
and for several years the buildings lay open and uncared
for, even the woodwork of the tower being destroyed by
fire. The remains of the palisades which surrounded the
fort may yet be seen, but must soon disappear from the
sapping of Ontario's ceaseless waves.

For many years the fort and the buildings within the
enclosure were occupied by British soldiers. I/ately a
roof has been put on with what is certainly an offence
to the eye. Instead of the flat roof to which so many
climbed to inspect the cannon, has been placed there a
cottage roof with dormer windows. A fort with a cot-
tage roof and dormer windows ! The iconoclasts of the
present have thus destroyed all resemblance to a fort.

The walls, it is believed, were built from the bricks
brought from the ruins of the town, the broken bricks
showing quite plainly, the walls are at least five feet
thick, as may be seen in the loop holes. A letter has
lately come to light telling of the construction of the
fort. The letter is dated "Hope Cottage, Fort George,
Dec., 1814," from Mrs. Jenoway, to the effect that her
husband of the 1st Batt. Royal Scots had constructed
fortifications at Queenston. "He has the entire command
of the Enginers' Dept. at Fort Mississagua and Fort
George. The former is a large new post which he had
the direction of at the commen cemetnt.'^ Along the
shore landed the enemy, stretching to Crookston, now
Chautauqua, and here on the morning after the battle
lay in a small space three hundred dead. The late Mr
R. N. Ball told the writer that in a log house then
standing, the floor was swimming with blood from the
wounded carried in. It is strange that of all the num-
ber we only know the names and graves of five. In tlu
old graveyard at Homer is a stone to George Grass.

who was killed at the battle of Fort George, May 27th.
1813, and in the vestibule at the north door of St
Mark's is a tablet to Capt. Martin McLellan, Chas.
Wright, Wm. Cameron and Adjt. L/loyd, interred in thr
graveyard. Lately at Chautauqua, in erecting a wind-
mill, the skeletons of four soldiers were unearthed.
From the buttons it is certain they were British. The
bones of these heroes of the past were replaced, and it
is hoped some mark, however slight, may yet be put
there to mark the spot.*

Our poet, Wm. Kirby, in his Canadian Idylls, has
thus described the fort :

"Its walls, thick as a feudal keep with loopholes
slashed,

Contain the wreck and ruin of the tow'n.

The ruins of its walls and hearths were built
Into this stern memorial of a deed
Unchivalrous in days of war gone by."
It is hoped that,' as the Historical Societies have
.requested, this fort, as well as Fort George and Fort
Erie, may be placed, like Brock's monument, in the
hands of the Niagara Falls Park Commissioners, so
that these spots made sacred by the blood of partiots
may be protected, preserved, made beautiful, so that
instead of feeling the blush of shame at seeing the
neglect of points of historic interest we may point with
pride to these spots where our forefathers held not their
lives dear if they might keep the soil a sacred heritage
for' their children.

The following sonnet by the present writer when the
fort was almost in ruins appeared in the Toronto Week :
"Deserted, drear, and mouldering to decay,
A square low tower stands grim and gray and lone
From Newark's ruins built, its walls storm blown.
WThen sword and flame alternate seized their prey.
Ontario's waves in rage or idle play
Sap palisade and fort with ceaseless moan,
Shall we historic relics see o'erthrown,
And pot a voice be raised to answer nay ?
Four i.ations here for empire sternly fought,

This has since been done.

And brightly "learned the red man's council fire,
The beacon lights the dancing wave and lea,
Where Brave La Salle both fame and fortune sought.
In fratricidal strife fell son and sire,
Where friends stretch hands across a narrow sea."

3CUST GROVE, RESIDENCE OF MRS. J. W, BALL.

NAVY HALL.

A long low building, now to our shame be it said
used as a stable, facing the river, not far from what was
called King's Wharf, marked as such in old maps oi
the town, is all that now remains of the four buildings
called Navy Hall in 1788, one of which was cleared out,
the sails, cordage and other naval stores being removed
when Gov. Simcoe arrived in Newark in 1792, no other
building being available as a residence. In the Archives
of Canada is given the list of expenses incurred' in fitting
up the building for the use of His Kxcellency, Col.
Simcoe ; boards, shingles, lath, paint, glass, putty,
nails, sashes, locks and hinges, altogether the modest
sum of £116 5s. It is mentioned that some of the
buildings were erected in the course of the last war,
(meaning 1775 to 1783) for naval officers, but in time of
peace repairs were neglected. The map of Mr. Chewett
in 1804 shows four buildings, one of these a long struct-
ure at right angles to the river and three others parallel
with the river. The Duke de la Rochefoucauld-L/ian-
court, who visited Governor Simcoe in 1/95, described
the house occupied by the Governor as a "small miser-
able wooden house which was formerly occupied bv the
Commissaries."

Mrs. Simcoe, who was something of an artist, made
a sketch of Navy Hall in I 794, from the deck of a sloop
at the mouth of the river, showing a long building par-
allel to, and another at right angles, to the river.

Some ridicule the idea that the long low building at
present standing in the lower part of Fort George
enclosure can be one of the original buildings of Navy
Hall, but so far the fact has never been disproved and-
much evidence of a corroborative nature can be adduced.
It must be remembered that the building does not stand
where it originally did, as some years ago when the late
W. A. Thompson made a cutting through the oak grove
with the idea of having the train of the M. C. R. land
near the King's Wharf instead of going through the
town, permission was asked and obtained to move the
building, which stood nearer the river than now and
almost in the line of the proposed cutting. The house

was carefully moved higher up, its position there being
a puzzling thing to those who are not aware of this fact.

By many the building was called the Red Barracks,
the dull red may yet be seen, and on each door the
words "28 men, ""so that here must have been crowded
56 men of the Royal Canadian Rifles or other regiments
of an earlier date.

The much vexed question as to the first Parliament
House may yet be settled, but s,o far it is wise not to
assert too confidently, since no less than five places have
been mentioned — Navy Hall, The Indian Council House,
The Parliament Oak, P'ort Niagara, Government House
near the present Court House, and since Parliament met
here during five years it is quite likely that more than
one of these can claim the honor.

In a map of 1831 of the Niagara Harbour and Dock
Company, the position of King's Wharf, is given, and
Navy Hall a long building, also the ferry house the pro-
perty of Andrew Heron, also farther north at the foot
of King street, the Guard House, in the middle of the
street, close to the water.

On account of the fact that the whole of the buildings
in the town were burned, except two, when the Ameri-
cans left, many think this was built since, but it is not
certain that they 'destroyed the buildings in the out-
skirts which they were using ; these would certainly be
left to the last, and it is an historic fact that the Brit-
ish coming in sooner than thev were expected, the tents
of the Americans were left standing, some of the build-
ings of Butler's Barracks, the hospital and Indian Coun-
cil House, the powder magazine, then why not one or
more of the buildings below Fort George which they
must have used.

Two or three statements of old residents seem to
confirm this ; old Mr. Winterbottom, who died lately
and who was a boy of eleven at the time of the war,
always in speaking^ of this building called it Navy Hall.
Mrs. Quacle, (whose father was Dominic Henry, the
lighthouse keeper,) who was born here in 1804, and lived
here till 1831, in her frequent visits to the town, cross-
ing from Youngstown, always said to her children when
passing this building, "that is the old Parliament
House." Mr. John Alma, a wholesale merchant of the
town, and who came here in 1830, stored his goods in

this building, which was then called Navy Hall, this oil
the authority of Mrs. Colquhoun. All these facts point
to the belief that this old house is one of the original
buildings which formed Navy Hall.

Here was entertained H. R. H. the Duke of Kent,
and here on the 4th June, 1793, His Majesty's birthday,
Gov. Sirncoe held a levee. Many of the letters of Sir
Isaac Brock arc dated from Navy Hall, and constantly
in the Archives of Canada during these early years we
iind State papers written from or directed to Navy
Hall, Niagara. In the issue of Upper Canada Gazette
for May 3oth, 1793, the expression is used "Council
Chamber, Navy Hall,1' Niagara, shewing that part of
the work of the early legislators was done here. Should
not then some steps be taken to protect this old
building ?

.Alas, although many appeals have been made to the Govern
ment and others, and premises have been given to give "their
serious consideration," now, after ten years, old Navy Hall
stcinds, but with part of the roof fallen in and in a more ruinous
condition than ever. Since it is the only building here which
dates back to the time of the first Parliament, and it is the
scene moreover of brave men fighting to preserve this Canada of
ours as British soil, surely this historic rpot should be pre-
served and beautified.

JAIL AND COURT HOUSE.

The present Western Home, which was occupied by
Miss Rye's orphan children for twenty-five years, was
built in 1817 as a jail and court house, and is well
entitled to be called an historic house. . The first jail of
the town was situated on the spot known for many
years as Graham's Hotel, the Black Swan opposite the
Rectory and the Masonic Hall, and an advertisement,
Newark, 1795, for nails for the use of Jail and Court
House, signed Ralph Clench, Superintendent of Public
Buildings, shows how early a jail and court house were
necessary., We read that during the WTar of 1812, there
were confined in it and the Block House at one time 300
prisoners, many of them for disloyalty, and on the day
of the battle of Oueenston Heights, there being a brisk
cannonade from Fort Niagara on the town and fort, the
jail and court house were soon wrapt in flames from
hot shell.

In the Niagara Gleaner, 1818, there is a reference to
the building of the jail "in that swamp," and in the
Spectator of St. Davids, 1816, published by Richard
Cockrell, there is an advertisement, signed by Ralfe
Clench, Clerk of the Peace, District of Niagara, "for the
materials required for building the Jail and Court
House, to be delivered between 1st June and I3th July,
50 toises stone, 330 bbls. lime, 200 thousand brick, 20
thousand shingles, squared timber 12 x 14 of oak and
20,000 feet of pine lumber," the same Ralfe Clench
advertising for jail and court house in 1795.

In this building, now nearly a century old, many
remarkable trials took place and many noted persons
were prisoners here. In 1819 Robert Gourlay, whose
trial is so graphically described by Dent in a passage
rivalling the celebrated description by Macaulay of the
trial of Warren Hastings, giving a striking word picture
of the room, the judge, counsel, prisoner, witnesses, so
that the scene stands vividly before us. Here may yet
be seen in the dormitory of these waifs and strays from
the motherland coming to our far-stretching country,
above the wide staircase the gallery for spectators, but
of course many changes have been made since 1870, when
it was bought for this philanthropic object.

Our present Court House was built in 1847, and the
building of 1817 was only used as a jail till St. Cath-
arines became the County Town in 1862, and a jail was
built there in 1864. The cruel and harsh treatment of
Robert Gourlay and the imprisonment of a Niagara
editor for publishing one of his letters, the imprison-
ment accompanied with a heavy fine and standing in the
pillory, seems to us in these days a perversion of jus-
tice not easily understood. But these were also the
days when hanging was punishment for theft, as shewn
by a notice iin the newspaper of 1826. "David Springfield
convicted of sheep stealing, sentenced to be hanged ;
Ben Green, stole ios., sentenced to imprisonment and
30 lashes ; Oct. 28th, 1826, great disappointment, great
numbers, many from the United States, came into town
to see three men hung, but His Kxcellency had sus-
pended the sentence. A wagon load of cakes and .ginger
bread had to be sold at reduced rates." The mingling of
the horrible and the grotesque, the desire of the crowds
to see the gruesome sight and appeasing their hunger
with cakes and ginger bread, is a sad picture of these
times. In Sept., 1826, Wm. Corbin and A. Graves, sen-
tenced to be hanged each for stealing a horse. In 1837
occurred the remarkable slave rescue, which reads to
us like a romance too strange to be true. A slave,
Moseby, who had escaped from Kentucky, was followed
by human bloodhounds and claimed as guilty of stealing
his master's horse to escape. While awaiting the decis-
ion of the court he was confined in the Niagara jail, and
when finally an order was given for his return to slav-
ery, a gathering of several hundred blacks watched the
jail day and night for two weeks to prevent his being
given up. Finallv the slave escaped but two of the
leaders were shot, the military being called out, the
Riot Act read, etc. The people of the town generally
sympathized with the slave and those who made such
efforts to save him from return to bondage.

Here too we read of men being imprisoned for debt, a
letter in a paper of 1832, referring to P charitable lady,
Mrs. Stevenson, sending comforts to the prisoners, and
the postmaster, John Crooks, sending wood in winter
to allay the sufferings from, cold. In later davs several
prisoners were confined here for their share in the Fenian
Raid of 1866.

A picture of the jail as it was may be seen in pamph-
let No. 2 of our society, and another as it is, and the
story of the Slave Rescue. From the appearance now
of beautiful flowers, graceful trees and shrubs, one could
never imagine that the unmitigated ugliness of the first
picture could be transformed into such a scene of beauty
as mav now be seen. During the twentv-five vears ol
its history as Our Western Home 40'<o girls have been
sent out from its walls, most of whom have become
good citizens, rescued from the over-crowded life of
Knglish cities.

J-f

THE FRENCH COUNT'S HOUSE.

For by this name was known the residence of Count
de Puisaye, a Frencii refugee, in the time of the French
Revolution, who formed the idea of bringing out from
England to a place of refuge in that reign of terror a
number of Frenchmen to form a colony. The first
appropriation of land was in the county of York, but
the Count de Puisaye came to Newark and purchased
land in 1798, about three miles from Niagara, built a
stone house in the French style, part of which still
remains. Quetton St. George, whose name was fami-
liar both in Queenston and York, was one of the colony.
Most of the original building has been taken down, but
till last summer might still be seen a long low narrow
building which formed part of the first edifice. A friend
took a kodak view last summer for reproduction in
our pages, but alas, it was found that just previous to
the taking of the picture the house had been modernized.
Many stories are told of the count, who was a French
nobleman of courtly manners, a gentleman of -the old
school of politeness, — also of one room which seemed to
the astonished visitor of those days hung with mirrors,
of the brick arch still standing, of the fish ponds, of the
powder magazines and the wine cellar. In the war, like
many other houses, the Chateau was used as a hospital
The count stayed not many years, and the scheme of a
French Royalist settlement was abandoned, the count
returning to Kngland, where he died in 1827, but for
many years the solid building remained a memorial of
the noble French Royalist, and even yet, a century
later, part of it may be found strong and enduring. He
is mentioned by Carlyle, Lamartine and Thiers and we
find the name in lands granted to French emigres at
Markham, and on one of the letters of Surveyor Jones
the improvements at Oak Ridges are mentioned as
Puisaye' s Town.

t> *

Duett Hmor ip>atri£e

Niagara If

No. 22

By ERNEST GREEN

Price, 25 cts.

PREFACE.

1*he hill in lyundy's Lane, — most appropriately
known to us as "Drummond Hill" — has a history which
epitomizes the story of the Niagara peninsula from th_%
days of the earliest settlement to the e /er-advancing
present. To give it fully were impossible. The mist of
years has crept across the page and many a line is
washed away. We trace but little of the early days, — a
name here, a date there, — and lest these, too, elude our
grasp, shall we not, as a duty to our land and child-
ren, record them anew to save and hold dear ?

The present work is not offered as a text-book of
Canadian history, nor a guide-book to the battle-field.
It is merely the outcome of an effort to collect some
scattered fragments of local history and present them
in a form which, it is hoped, will meet with public ap-
proval and arouse some new interest in those men and
women to whose lives and deeds we owe the foundation,
preservation and development of a British Canada.

Ottawa, December

Some Graves on Lundy's
Lane.

Crown patent for lands including Drummond Hill
was issued in 1798 to James Forsyth, and in 1799 a
part of this grant was deeded by him and his wife,
Eunice, to Christopher Buchner, who had married their
daughter, Sarah. The new owrner set apart half an acre
on the crest of the hill, — the highest point on the Nia-
gara frontier, — as a burying-ground for the neighboring
settlers. Christopher Buchner and his son, John, hav-
ing died, Samuel Street became administrator of the
property, and was succeeded in that ofiice by T. C.
Street. The original burial plot becoming crowded, the
Buchner, and at later dates the MacKenzie, estates sold
further lands, and a board of trustees administered the
cemetery business till the Queen Victoria Niagara Falls
Park Commission assumed the care of the area now
devoted to that use. Most of the burial plots are
owned by the families whose members are buried
therein.

It is to be noted that the cemetery was originally
a little country burying-ground. When the battle was
fought it was but half an acre in extent. The slain sol-
diers were buried in the cemetery and in the fields
surrounding it, and the enlargement of the cemetery
afterwards included sonic of these latter graves and tren-
ches. For many years this was the only place of burial
between Chippawa and Stamford and from the Niagara
to the Thorold town-line.

The deep cutting by which Lundy's Lane now as-
cends the hill did not exist at -the time of the battle,
nor were there sand-pits north of the Lane. The north
slope of the hill was steep but unbroken. —

The date 1797 on the stone at the grave of John
urch seems to indicate that interments were made in

this ideal spot when the land was still held by the
Crown, but it is believed that he was first buried on
his own estate and removed here when the cemetery
was opened.

At the oiit-break of the war this was still a quiet
country grave-yard, fenced with logs, shaded by oaks
and maples and surrounded by farms, orchards and for-
ests,— as unknown lo fame as that which inspired
Gray's immortal "Elegy." The end of the struggle
found it scarred, devastated, crowded with dead and
its name a synonym for mingled pride and grief from
the fertile fields of Glengarry to the wild frontiers of
Kentucky, from Mackinac to New South Wales and
from the humble log huts of the Canadian pioneers to
stately halls with England's noble names. The story
of the war cannot be told here. No doubt many of
those who gave up their lives in its opening years were
laid to rest in this spot and many a broken-hearted
wife and mother, aged sire and or| haned child found
rest beneath its green turf from the horrors of invasion,
the anxieties of battles and grief for the slain. A few
of these graves we may find, but most were left un-
marked or else their "frail memorials" have been de-
stroyed and their locations lost.

Cecil Bisshopp.

Among the graves of this period is that of a hero.

Lieutenant-Colonel the Honourable CECIL BIS-
SHOPP, born 1783, was the eldest and last-surviving
son of Sir Cecil Bisshopp, Baronet, Baron de la Zouche,
of Parham, Sussex, England. His thirty years of life
were crowded with service. Ensign in the First Foot
Guards, military attachee at St. Petersburg, with
Moore in Spain, at the siege of Flushing, major of the
98th Foot, member of Parliament, aide to Wellesley in
Portugal, — his energy and ability marked him for suc-
cessive advancements till he became Lieutenant-Colonel
and Inspecting Field Officer in Lower, and later in Up-
per, Canada. On November 28th, 1812, being in com-
mand of the British ri^ht win?, he successfully repelled
an invasion of Canada at Frenchman's Creek. Regular
and militia officers of his division expressed their con-
fidence in him in a joint memorial, ?nd all ranks
learned to adore him. His subscription, in December,

i8ij, of £100 sterling to the fund for distressed fam-
uies of militiamen illustrates his generosity and char-
ity. He held Fort Erie till Fort George fell, May 27 th,
1813, and then, at Vincent's order, retired to tfurlin^-
Lon. He commanded the latter post during the fight at
Stoney Creek, and it was his advanced troops which
won at Beaver Dams. OiiCe more at Fort Erie, he
planned a grand reprisal against Black Rock and iJui-
ialo from whence he had sustained assault and bom-
bardment. With 240 men at 2 a.m., July I3th, 1813,
he stormed and took Black Rock, capturing clothing,
food, supplies and guns and destroying block-houses,
barracks, ships, ship-yards and ordnance. Attacked
when retiring, by overwhelming force, he lost 13
killed and 24 wounded and, while personally assuring
the safety of his men, was himself shot through both
arms and the thigh. At first his wounds were reported
to be "not dangerous," but on the i6th he died, lam-
ented by all ranks. His brother officers brought his
remains to this quiet spot and Rev. Robert Addison ol
Niagara committed his body to the ground. Over his
grave the battle of Lundy's Lane was waged.
The inscription on his tomb is as follows : —
"Sacred to the memory of Lieut'nt Col'nl the
Hon'ble Cecil Bisshopp, 1st Foot Guards, and Inspect-
ing Field O ilicer in Upper Canada, eldest and only sur-
viving son of Sir Cecil Bisshopp, Bart., Baron de la
Zouche, in England. After having served with distinc-
tion in the British Army in Holland, Spain and Por-
tugal, he died on the i6th July, 1813, aged 30, in con-
sequence of wounds received in action with the enemy
at Black Rock on the I3th of the same month, to the
.^reat grief of his family and friends, and is buried
here. This tomb, erected at the time by his brother of-
ficers, becoming much dilapidated, is no\v, 1846, re-
newed by his affectionate sisters, the Baroness de la
Zouche and the Hon'ble Mrs. Pechell, in memorial of
an excellent m~n and beloved brother."
"Stranger, whose steps ere now perhaps have stood
"Beneath Niagara's stupendous flood,
"Pause o'er this shrine where sleeps the voung and

brave,

"And shed me gen'rons tear o'er Cecil's prave,
"Whilst pitying angels point through deepest gloom

"To everlasting happiness beyond the tomb,
vv Through Christ who died to give eternal life."

The inscription en a memorial tablet erected in the
church at Parham, England, includes the following : —
"His pillow, — knot of sturdy oak,

His shroud, — a soldier's simple cloak,

His dirge, — will sound till time's no more, —

Niagara's loud and solemn roar.

There Cecil lies, — say where the grave

More worthy of a Briton brave ?"
Like Moore, he died at the hour of victory, o'er his
head, too, "the foe and the stranger" trod for a brief
while. He was an ideal man and soldier, — tall, vigor-
ous and humane-looking, brave and generous, of few
but decisive words, and of undoubted military capac-
ity. Canadians do well to hold his memory in honor
and lament his untimely fall.

One Night's Work.

What a scene must that have been when the hot,
dry morning of July 26th, 1814, broke, and the sun's
red glare revealed in detail the effect of the night's
dreadful wrork ! The soft turf torn and ploughed by
shot and shell, wTheel and hoof ; the fair young orchards
broken and wasted by the iron hail that had lashed
them for hours ; those great oaks which still line the
Lane, west of the Church, scarred and stripped,
fences levelled, buildings pierced and shattered, — and
everywhere the reek of blood and the convulsed, ripid
figures of those who had fought their last fieht. Dead
men, dead horses, broken wagons, arms and accoutre-
ments littered all the slopes of the hill and from
among this wreckage of war gaunt spectres of men,
caked with blood and dust, grimed with smoke and clad
in rags, staggered, groaning, toward the still greater
horrors of the field hospital, croaking appeals to the
w~eary water-carriers for a drop to ease their agonies.
Two hundred and fifty-five brave men had given up
their lives and a tho^s^nd and eight v-nine had suf-
fered wounds. Eastward, far beyond the Portage Road,
north to Muddy Run Creek, and west for half a mile
from the church every foot of ground had seen its
struggle and on every hand lay the victims. South-

fantry and aide-de-camp to his father at Detroit when
that place surrendered, August i6th, 1812. He was ex-
changed on the 1 8th of January following and given a
captaincy in the 9th Infantry, with which he served
until he fell. He was but twenty-eight years of age.
For years his grave was marked Lv a humble white
marble slab. In K;OI -the bones cf nine men of the
same regiment were found elsewhere and were re-inter-
red on October igth beside their Captain with full Un-
ited States military honors. The troops (i^th United
States Infantry) from Fort Niagara, who on that day
laid their predecessors of long ago to rest and fired the
three volleys over the open grave, were the first United
>tates troops to enter Canada under arms since 1815.
In 1910 remains cf nine more American dead were found
and placed in a similar grave with quiet ceremonies in
which historical societies of both countries took part.
The monument which marks these graves is the r-ift of
the Niagara Frontier Landmarks Society of Buffalo.
The name "Bridgewater" which appears in the inscrip-
tion was given by American officers and historians tc
this battle because a now long-vanished hamlet of thai
name, near Burning Siring, was the last place their
army passed through before it was o«<"ae< d, and near
which they had their base for hospital and stores dur-
ing the fight.

How many American dead were buried on this field
l never be known. Many who fell early in the ac-
tion were removed, a number were burned, but cer-
:ainly many were interred in unmarked trenches. Ad-
utant Thomas Foe, of the Pennsylvania Volunteers,
:illed here, was buried at Fort Niagara, N.Y.

Lieut. William Hemphill.

Lieut. WILLIAM HEMPHILL was the only British
jfficer killed here whose grave was marked. He was a
ralued officer of the 1st Royal Scots and had served ii
.he campaign against Fort George in 1813. He corn-
landed the detachment of his regiment which came on
tis field via Oiieenston with Morrison's column. In
.he earlv stages of the battle he directed the operations
>f his three comppn;es with great spirit and when the
jcond charge of the enemv imperilled the British rams
ie led the survivors cf his party to the charge a^ain

and fell at their head, as, with the 89th -and King's,
they won another temporary success. His epitaph
reads, — "Sacred to the memorv of Lieut. Win. Hemphill
of the Royals, who fell at the battle of Lundy's Lane
on the 2 5 th July, 1814. This stone was placed bv his
son, Lieut. -Col. Hemphill of the 25th Cameronians,
July 1 7th, 1854."

Close of the War.

John Gordon. S. B. Torrens.

When the tide cf invasion which here met defeat
rolled back to Fort Erie and the environs of that post
were sown thick with British dead, sorrowing comrades
brought the bodies of a few of the slain back to this
field and here laid them to rest. One of those who was
thus interred was Lieutenant-Colonel JOHN GORDON,
commander of the Royal Scots. Havino- commanded
his regiment from June ^th. 1813, Gordon was at the
taking of Fort Niagara and led the avenging force which
stormed and burned Black Rock and Buffalo and devas-
tated the American frontier in the closing" davs of that
year, when the memorv cf burned Newark had embit-
tered the spirit of the war. At Chivpawa, July 5th,
1814, he led his men in that last gallant, hopeless
charge and fell desperately wounded, vet three weeks
later he was again at their head in the march from
"the Twelve" and the mighty struggle for this hill. In
the siege of P'ort Erie he commanded the First Bri-
gade. In the sortie of September iyth, he led the Roy-
als and 8gth in a bayonet charge through blinding rain
against battery No. 3. Th? nosition was re-taken and
held, but Gordon received bis death wound. Beside
him lies Captain S. B. TORRENS of the SP me regiment
who, having served as aide to General Stovin and as
Brigade Major, fell at the head of his company in the
assault on Fort Erie, August I4th, 1814. One monu-
ment marks the two graves. It is inscribed, — "To the

memory oi Lieutenant-Colonel Gordon and Capt. Tor-
rens of the Royals, killed at Fort Erie during the cam-
paign of 1814. Erected by Major Barry Fox, late of
said regiment, their friend and companion, June 2oth,
1851." A tablet to the memory of Lieut.-Col. Gordon
was erected in Montreal by his brother officers.

Robert Dossie Patteson.

In the same group of graves is that of "ROBERT
DOSSIE PATTESON, Captain of the Sixth Regiment
of Infantry, Royal 1st Warwickshire, who, after, serv-
ing under Sir John Moore and the Duke of Wellington
throughout the Peninsular War, fell before Fort Erie
at the age of XXVI, XVII September, MDCCCXIV. He
was the fourth son of John Patteson, Esq., of the citv
of Norwich, England, where his name is held in honor
by all who knew him." The monument was "erected
by order of his surviving brothers and sisters, A. D.
1880," and bears the family crest. His war-service,
though of less distinction, was strikingly similar to
that of Colonel Bisshopp. Many a promising young
officer from the Old Land fell in "the war of 'twelve."
Ten days before he was killed Captain Patteson greatly
distinguished himself in leading a company of his own
regiment with a company of the Glengarries and a
troop of the 1 9th Dragoons in a clever night attack
upon an American picket before Fort Erie. The enemy's
party were all killed or captured. Capt. Patteson met
his death in the desperate hand-to-hand fight when the
beleaguered army sortied and assaulted the British
siege works.

..*.

Mounds and Monuments.

Among the un-numbered dead who lie here are many
others whose personal or faihilv histories are worthy of
notice. For convenience the following notes are ar-
ranged merely in alphabetic order.

Allison.

"Thomas Allison, born Sept. 4, I7QQ, died June
1887."

"Elizabeth Allison, born July 25, 1796, died Sept.
3, 1876."

"David Allison, born Jan. 7, 1800, died Nov. 16,
1884."

"Martha, wife of David Allison, born May 12, 1802,
died, Aug. 15, 1838."

Thomas Allison was the lirst white male child born
at St. Davids. His rarents were John Allison and Re-
becca Bertrand. The father, torn in Yorkshire, Eng-
land, came to the Niagara district in 1790, and died in
December, 1812. He it vvas who guided Gen. Sheaffe's
flanking column up to the mountain top and in the mili-
tia ranks he took part in the final action at Oueenston
Heights. Young Thorns s Allison saw the battle from
a distance, and was on the field after the surrender.
Next year he took part in the country's defence, carry-
ing despatches to the British force at Beaver Dams
where he saw the prisoners being marched away and the
dead buried. In December, 1813, he witnessed the burn-
ing of Lewiston by Drummond's troops. In 1814 he
took a place in the milit'a ranks and was in the iirst
part of the battle of Lundv's Lane, hut was detailed to
drive a wagon loaded with wounded to Niagara. In
1837 he served with the loyal forces and teamed from
Oueenston to Chip^awa the mortar with which Mac-
kenzie was bombarded off Navy Island. His wife, Eliz-
abeth, wavS of the Smoke family.

Bender.

Here lies, in an unmarked grave, the man who built
the first permanent white man's dwelling in Welland
county.

Early in the second half of the eighteenth century,
Philip George Bender, a native of Germany, and his
wife, wrho was born in Holland, emigrated to New Jer-
sey, removing after a short time to Philadelphia. Soon
after the outbreak of the Revolution they, being loyal,
had to fly. In the Winter of 1766 a party of fifty-three
refugees set out from Philadelphia to find their way
through the wilderness to Canada. In April, 1777
seven survivors reached the Niagara. Forty-six had
been left, dead or dying, in the snow beside the forest
trail, victims to co]d, hunger, disease rnd the wolves.
Philip George Bender and his wife were of the seven.

Bender enlisted in Butler's Rangers and served till the
close of jthe war. He purchased from the Indians fif-
teen hundred acres of land fronting Niagara Falls, but
took out Crown patent for only four hundred acres, — a
tract extending from Murray street to Otter street in
the present city. He "built his house on the high land
immediately overlooking the spot where the u->per arch
bridge now stands. In 1783 but six acres of his land
was cleared of forest and he drew rations till 1784.
When death called the veteran Ranger and his wife,
they were laid to rest in their own garden beneath a
great walnut tree, and the spot was marked by a slab
of slate brought up from the Niagara gorge, for there
were neither cemeteries nor tombstones in this region
then. Years later the Erite & Ontario railway was built
across the spot and the remains were taken up and re-
interred on this hill, — but the old stone was lost.

Here lies 'also John, only son of Philip George Ben-
der. He received his education in the school for sol-
diers' children and inherited his father's large property.
In the war of 1812-14 he served in Capt. Kerby's com-
pany of the 2nd regiment of Lincoln militia. During
that struggle the old home and all his belongings were
destroyed by the invaders. His wife was of the Marr
family and eleven of their children reached their ma-
jority. Their eldest son, Philip, was also in the militia
in 1812-14, was a cavalry officer in the rebellion of 1837
and rose to be lieutenant-colonel of militia in 1862.

Members of the fourth and fifth generations of the
Bender family still reside on the lands taken up b\
their ancestor, and have served their country in man :
civil and military capacities.

Among the oldest inscriptions on the family grave-
stones here are the following :—

"John Bender, departed this life November 15,
1827, aged 52 years, I month and 2 = da-s."

"Mary, wife of the late John Bender, departed this
life October TO, 1848, aged 66 years, T month and TO
days."

"William Bender departed this life December 10,
1831, aged 28 years, 1 months and 10 dnvs."

"Almira Bender, died March 6, 1834, aged 14 years
and 6 months."

"Edna, wife of Peter Learn and daughter of J.
and M. Bender, died July 24, 1855, aged ^o years and
i months."

Benjamin.

"Henry A., son of Doct. Henry L. and Mrs. Anna
Maria Benjamin, who died "June 30, 1831, a ,ed i year
and 6 months."

This is the sole reminder here of -the existence oi
an old family, now remembered by only a few of the
oldest residents.

Biggar.

The Biggars \vere Scotch Covenanters who fled
to the North of Ireland about 1660. Between 1730 and
1740 one of the family emigrated to Philadelphia. His
son James, lived in New Jersey, married Hltzabeth
Litel, had two sons, John and William, and lost his
life in defending his home from a forest fire.

John Biggar came to Canada in 1790, settled at
Grimsby, married twice (his first wrife was a Pettit),
raised twenty-one sons and two daughters, and died in
Trafalgar township in 1841, aged 80 years.

Here is the grave of the other brother : —

"William Biggar, Sen., died May 14, 1858, aged 81
years, 3 months and 5 days."

One record says that he came to Canada in 1787,—
another that he came in 1798. Lands in this vicinitv
were taken up by a William Biggar as early as 1792.
At Grimsby he married a sister to his brother's first
wife. She died leaving a son, James. Removing to
Lmidy's Lane, William Biggar married, in 1805, Re-
becca Green, by whom he had eleven children. He took
an active part in the war of 1812-14, being in the mili-
tia ranks at Oueenston Heights, Stoney Creek, Beaver
Dams, Chippawa and Litndy's Lane.

Beside him lies Rebecca, his wife, a daughter of
Charles Green, who was born on September 26, 1786,
eight days after her Loyalist parents reached Canada.
Tradition says that this" daughter of the homeless pion-
eers was born under a roof of boughs built against a
great fallen log, for no house or other shelter was at
hand. She died on October 8, i<S8o, aped over q.l years.

Five of the children of William and Rebecca Biggar
were born before or during the war, and five lived "to
exceed the four score of years. Most of them are bur-
ied here.

One William Biggar was lieutenant of a battalion
company of the 5th Lincoln militia during the war, but
whether a member of this family or not is uncertain.

Blackwel).

" Dr. John H. Blackwell died August 28th, 1867,
aged 62 years."

John" Harrison Blackwell was born in New Jersey,
and took his M. D. degree from New Jersey College in
1829, the same degree being conferred upon him by the
University of Pennsylvania. His education was far
more complete then that of most medical men of his
time. He jame to Canada in 1834, and was admitted
to practice by the Upper Canada Medical Board in Ap-
ril of that year. At first he located in Stamford, then
in Drummondville, and finally in I/undy's Lane, where
he practised for nearly forty years. He married a
daughter of the noted Dr. John J. Lefferty, and suc-
ceeded to the great practice of his father-in-law. Far
and wide he found his patients in hamlet and farm-
house, and his tall, ungainly figure, topped with a high
"beaver" and mounted on a poor and poorly-kept horse
made a picture so striking that his contemporaries have
recorded it as a landm irk of their times. To balance
the family, his wife was the handsomest woman in the
country-side.

Bolter.

"Elias Bolter, born at Eddington, Wiltshire, Eng-
land, April 1 9th, 1808, died November 28th, 1857, m
his 5oth year. He served 14 years in the 4^rd Regt.
and was discharged for good conduct, August, 1840."

Bolter is said to have come of a good English fam-
ily. After his discharge he married a negro woman and
lived on Ferry street. His kinsfolk from the Old Land
searched for and found him, but when they learned of
his mesalliance they cast him off.

Booth.

"George Booth, private in No. I company, Royal

Canadian Rifle regiment, who departed this life ~....

December, 1842."

The men of this old corps long ago answered their
last call, the regiment's name no longer appears in the
army list and the days when Drummondville was a
garrison town are almost forgotten.

i 1

Brokenshaw.

:Ivuke Brokenshaw, died Sept. 29, 1873, aged 60
years, 3 months." He was an early postmaster of
brumrnond ville .

Brooks.

"Robert Brooks, died August I, 1846, aged 87
years."

"Mary, wife of Robert Brooks, died June J5th,
1835, in her 72nd year."

"Abigail, daughter of Robert and Mary Brooks, and
wife of John S. Colbath, born 1815." (Still Hying,
1911.)

"G. H. Colbath, Co. D., ist U.S. Marine Corps,
born at Niagara Falls, N. Y., December I5th, 1876,
died at Cavite, P. I., June i8th, 1901.

This is the record of an old Falls family. Robert
Brooks was one of Butler's Rangers. A record of offic-
ers of the 2nd Lincoln militia in 1810 includes "Robert
Brooks, ensign." He saw active service again in
1812-14.

In G. H. Colbath the martial ardour burned as in
his great grand-sire, and he gave his life in the, Philip-
pines for the flag under which he happened to be born.
His remains were brought here for interment.

"Thomas Brooks, died May i6th, 1857, aged 68
years, 25 days." He was in the militia in 1812.

"Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas and Abigail Wil-
son and wrife of Thomas Brooks, died December I5th,
1847, aged 57 years, 10 months, 4 days."

Buchanan.

"James Buchanan, born February, 1/72, died nth
October, 1851."

This inscription is on an ancient tomb which bears
on its other faces the names of wife, children and grand-
children, also -the legend "J. Buchanan's tomb, 1847,
re-built 1854."

James Buchanan was British consul in New York
in the early 'thirties, was a promoter of "the City of
the Falls," and was chieflv instrumental in the re-
moval of Major Ar-dre's bones from America to West-
minster Abbey. Retiring; to private life in the earl •
'forties he resided here, in the historic Forsvth house,

till his death. He was a great pillar of the struggling
Baptist church established in 1842 and his tomb orig-
inally stood in the church-yard. Buchanan street was
named after him, when the City of the Falls was laid
out. He was one of the incorporators of the original
Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge Company.

Buchner.

" In memory of Captain Christopher Buchner who
died September yth, 1824, aged 59 years."

Christopher Buchner was a Loyalist from New
Town, N.J., whose family (originally Boughner) came
from Holland or Germany to that place and located
the first farm recorded there. He married Sarah,
daughter of James and Eunice Forsythe and purchased
from his father-in-law property which included this hill.
He it was who gave the first half-acre for the use of the
settlers as a burying-ground. From the beginning of
the century he was a private in a flank company of the
4th Lincoln, but in 1810 he was gazetted ensign in the
2nd Lincoln. In the war of 1812-14 ne was attached to
Captain John Rowe's company, and when that officer
was killed in the battle of Chippawa, Buchner took
charge of the company. He was at its head in the bat-
tle of Lundy's Lane, where he fought in his own fields
and saw his fences used for fuel when the dead were
burned next day. For his military services he received
a tract of free land. He was the first lessee from the
Government of the privilege of operating a ferry below
the Falls.

"Lieut. John Buchner, died April I4th, 1828, aged
31 years."

This was a son of Christopher Buchner. He, too,
fought in the battle here and was taken prisoner. When
being removed to the rear of the United States arm
under guard, he made his escape. The wagon in which
the}' were being conveyed was stopped that his cap-
tors might pick cherries from trees over-hnngino- the
road, and Buchner seized the opportunity to le^p to
the ground and dash into the dark woods, where pur-
suit \vas hopeless. He married Mary Ann Corbett,
whose mother was a Johnson, said to he kin to Sir
William Johnson. Their daughter, Catherine, married
Donald MacKenzie, and through her inheritance the
Buchner estate became the MacKenzie estate.

"Peter Buchner, died August I5th, 1848, aged 78
years and I month."

"Mary, wife of Peter Buchner, died March 3rd,
1854, aged 75 years, 4 months and 3 days. She was
a member of the Wesleyan Methodist church for 50
years."

Peter Buchner served in the war as a private in
Capt. Henry Buchner 's company of the 3rd Lincoln. In
the same company were a Christopher Buchner, Henry
Buchner, Jr., and Joseph Buchner. The captain was a
Loyalist from Staten Island, and came to Welland
county as early as 1778. Martin Buchner was in Capt.
Muirhead's company of the same regiment.

Bunker.

• Alexander Bunker was born in 1812, — a son of Nath-
aniel Bunker, who came from New Jersey to Canada
and settled in Glanford in 1810. He made a fortune in
the hotel business in New York, and on his retirement
took up his residence here, purchased the site of the old
Forsyth house and exerted his means and ingenuity to
preserve the historic spots and traditions of the pro-
perty.

Burcb.

"In memory of John Burch, Esq., who departed this
life March 7th, 1797, in the 55th year of his age. The
first interment in this yard."

"John Biirch, Jr., who departed this life August
1 5th, 1822, aged 38 years, 5 months."

"Martha, wife of John Burch, Senr., Esq., who de-
parted this life Nov. 28, 1823, aged 77 years."

The Burchs were one of those Loyalist pioneer fam-
ilies concerning which it is now very difficult to obtain
authoritative information. John Burch is named in a
list of settlers in 1783. A very early map of land
grants between the Falls and Cliippawa shows a large
acreage, including the village site, allotted to John
Burch. In 1785 he made the first commercial use of
Niagara power when he erected saw and grist mills on
the shore of the upper rapids, — afterwards owned by the
Streets. Writing of a tour in 1787 an English officer
speaks of "Mr. Burch" who lived .at Chippawa and was
one of the principal men of the settlement. He was one

of the six Justices of the Peace appointed on the crea-
tion of the district of Nassau in 1788. it is recorded
that he was a member of the Land Board at Niagara in
1791.

The younger man of the name who lies here was
lieutenant of a flank company in the 2nd Lincoln as
early as 1810, and was made Captain in 1814. He re-
ceived a grant of land for his services in the war. He
is said to have been that John Burch who was secretary
of the schismatic "Provincial" Grand Lodge of Free-
masons at Niagara in 1817 and 1821. He was a Pro-
vincial land surveyor.

Chadwick.

"Cecil Chadwick,, born November 6, 1850, died Oc-
tober 7, 1874. Buned by his employer, George \Ver-.
ner, Hsq., and by his brother firemen of Protection Co.
No. I of Buffalo."

"Thomas Chadwick, a native of Hepton Bridge,
Yorkshire, England, killed by the locomotive Erie at
Suspension Bridge, C.W., June 15, 1860, aged' 4 •'•>
years. Erected by his affectionate wife, Julia B. Chad-
wick."

Here are recalled the days when this Province had
another name, when the north end of the present citv
was called "the Bridge," despite its legal name of
"Clifton," and when each locomotive had a name of
its own.

Clark.

"Elizabeth, wife of Elijah Clark, died August 2oth,
1842, aged 63 years."

Cockcroft.

Richard Lonsdale Cockcroft was one of the very
early medical men in the settlement along Lundy's
Lane. He was licensed to practise in Upper Canada in
April, 1820. His epitaph states that he was the son
of the Rev. John and Rachel Cockcroft of Middleharn,
Yorkshire, and that he died January 6th, 1832, aged
39 years.

Cole.

A large slab, placed horizontally, is engraved,—
'"John Cole, died March 23rd, 1859, in his 8ist
year.

"Constant Comfort, wife of John Cole, born at
Churchdown, county of Gloucester, England, March
loth, 1778, died January 7th, 1844, in her 66th year."

Corwin.

The Corwin lineage is traced Lack to the reign of
Ethelred, — about 870 A.D. Ihe early foim of the
name was "Culwen," which became in time "Curwen,"
and after its transplanting to America tcok the p.e.,ent
form. The family was for centuries established in Cum-
berland, England. In 1638 Capt. George Curwen of
Northampton emigrated to Salem, Mass. At the time
of the Revolution a descendant, — Joseph Corwin, was
living at Log Jail (now Hackettstown) in New Jersey.
In 1790 he, with his wif? and family, "followed the
flag" to a new home in Stamford township, where they
settled on Crown land. Their family nuni ,ered four-
teen, their two youngest sons, Jcsjpli and Benjamin
(twins) marrying daughters of Israel Swayze. Here are
the epitaphs of the old Loyalist couple and of Joseph,
junior, —

"Elizabeth, wife of Joseph Corwin, who died April
i6th, 1815, aged 84 years."

"Joseph Corwin, Sen., who died May 25th, 1805
aged 84 y cat's."

"Joseph Corwin, Jun., died Feb. 7th, 1807, ag-d
32 years."

It may be noted that father and son had passed
away but the aged widow and mother survived to see
the years of pillage, privation and terror that the war of
1812 brought upon their adopted home.

Here is an inscription that entwines the names of
three pioneer families :

"Naomi, wife of Henry Johnson, departed this life
March 2nd, 1825, aged 72 years. She was the daugh-
ter of Josej h Crrwin and former wife cf Timothy Hix-
son, who died in the year 1792,"

Creighton.

"Matilda, wife of John Creighton, Niagara Falls, C.
W., who died June n, 1858, aged 60 years."

Old residents remember Captain Creighton and Doc-
tor Creighton, who were prominent residents in the
days of the City of the Falls. Captain Creighton gave
the name "Clifton Cottage" to his place near the "Jol-
ly Cut," and this is said to have been the first use of
the name Clifton at the Falls.

Crysler.

"Harmanus Crysler, born in the town of Sharen,
N. Y., April 23rd, 1799, died June 2nd, 1884."

"Edna Cook, wife of Harmanus Crysler, born in the
township of Stamford, June 2nd, 1802, died May nth,
1884."

Baltus Crysler, grandfather, and John Crysler,
father, of Harmanus Crysler, came from Germany to
the Schoharie Valley of New York in 1768. For their
loyalty to the British during the Revolution they were
forced .to leave the country in 1799. Born in April,
July saw Harmanus Crysler in Canada. His father
took up land in Thorold and was in the militia ranks in
1812-14. Harmanus, though but fifteen years of age, did
teamster's and garrison duty in 1814 and was one of
the few surviving veterans who received the government
bounty in 1876. In 1826 he built and conducted the
original Clifton House and became one of the best-
known hotel men on the continent. He also built the
Prospect house on Main street and at one time ran the
historic Pavilion hotel. He owned much of the site of
"Clifton," and his fine stone residence, "Hunters'
Lodge," is still in the family possession. He was reeve
of Clifton and a county councillor in 1861-2-3. Edna
Cook, whom he married in 1825, was a member of one
of the earliest-settled families in Stamford, their land
lying immediately north of this Hill.

DeLatre.

"In memory of Philip Chesneau DeLatre, late Lieut-
Col, in the British army, born February 27, 1777, died
September 29, 1848,

> j

Col. DeLatre saw service in the Hast Indies and
was an officer of the Ceylon regiment in 1818. He was
one of that little colony of English aristocrats who set-
tled here in the 'twenties and formed a proud but short-
lived "four hundred." There is a record that in 1836
his residence in Lundy's Lane was a place of entertain-
ment for visitors of quality from Old England. He was
president of the Niagara Harbor & Dock Co. and had
a residence (still standing) in that town, called "De-
Latre Lodge." He died suddenly on a steamer while
crovssing Lake Ontario. His daughter, Emily, married
Hon. Justice Sullivan, and afterwards Sir . Francis
Hincks.

Dickson.

"Erected by the Presbyterians of Drummondville to
the memory of Marion Watson, beloved wife of Rev.
William Dickson, who died 24th April, 1859, aged 32
years."

Davis.

•'•John Davis, died April 14, 1840, aged 58 years,
K> months, 22 days." He was the son of a Loyalist
who settled as early as 1784.

Douglas.

"Alexander Douglas, died September I, 1844, aged
34 years, 3 months."

"Rebecca Douglas, born Sept. 28th, 1808, died
Dec. 17th, 1891, aged 83 years, 2 months, 19 days."

Rebecca Douglas was a daughter of Reuben Green,
was born in Lundy's Lane and remembered the war to
her last days.

Duncan.

"George J. Duncan, died April 2oth, 1887, aged
49 years."

He was a leading merchant in Drummondville,
reeve of Stamford from 1876 to 1881, and sheriff of
Welland county from 1881 until his death.

Dundas,

"Wm. Dundas, Esq_., of Ochtertyre, in the county of
Perth, Scotland, died 2oth August, 1842."

Earl.

"In memory of Mary Earl, grand-daughter of Sir
'William Johnson, Bart., who died April loth, 1820,
aged 20 years, 6 months."

Her father was a captain in the navy and her
mother was a daughter of Sir William Johnson, by his
second wife, Molly Brant, sister of Joseph Brant. Her
grave is in the Street plot.

Eden.

"Hannah, wife of Wm. Eden, Customs Dept., Clif-
ton, who departed this life 2nd Dec., 1855, aged 30
years."

Eley.

"Frederick J. Eley of Rode, England, died October
29th, 1860, aged 24 years. Erected by Niagara Falls
lodge, I. 0. of O. F., of which he was a worthy mem-
ber."

Emerick.

"Mathias Emerick, died April I2th, 1853, in his
8ist year."

He is said to have been a Loyalist. In the war of
1812-14 he served in Capt. John Crysler's company of
the 2nd Lincoln.

Falconbridge.

"Samuel Falconbridg-e departed this life Nov. 27,
852, in the 8ist year of his age."

"Catherine B.~ wife of the late Samuel Falcon-
ridge, departed this life January I5th, 1863, in the
9oth year of her age."

The Falconbridge family came from Coleraine, Lon-
donderry county, Ireland. Samuel Falconbridge was
one* of the earliest merchants and the first postmaster
of Drummondville. These were the parents of John K.
Falconbridge, who married Sarah Fralick, and was the
father of Sir W. Glenholme Falconbridge.

Forsyth.

"William Forsyth, born Nov. 15, 1801, died Jan.
25, 1849, aged 47 years, 2 months, 10 days."

"Rebecca, wife of William Forsyth, died Nov. 12,
1872, aged 68 years, 4 months, I day."

"Jane, daughter of William and Jane Forsyth, died
1823."

These are the few remaining memorials of a Loyal- .
ist pioneer family which played a very prominent part
in the early history of this section.

As early as 17^83 James Forsyth was a settler on
Crown land on the Canadian side of the Niagara and
had cleared two acres. In 1798 he took patent of 400
acres of land including this hill. He built a fine house
and hotel on. the Portage Road (Main street), over-
looking the Falls,— a site destined to much history. It
was a landmark and a stopping place during all the
war, a hospital after the battle of Chippawa and Gen-
eral Drummond's headquarters after Lundy's Lane.
Later, Clark & Street owned the place, Sir Allan Mc-
Nab made it his headquarters during the Navy Island
campaign in 1838, it was a barracks for regular troops
for several years. Lord Durham stayed there for a time,
James Buchanan owned and lived in it till 1851, Lord
Elgin made it Canada's "Government house" and held
gay court and grave council there ; there the Recipro-
city Treaty was planned, there Jenny Lind sang, — fin-
ally fire destroyed "Forsyth's house."

There appear to have been two Forsyths named
William and two named James. One James, a private
in the 2nd Lincoln, was killed at the battle of Chip-
pawa. The name "William Forsyth" appears in the
roll of Capt. Kerby's company of the 2nd Lincoln and
in the records of the early Masonic lodges. "William
Forsyth" ran a line of stages on the Portage Road and
operated the Ferry below the Falls.

"William Forsyth" is hest known in local history
as the builder and owner of the famous Pavilion hotel,
and in thivs connection he had an unusual contest with
the government of Upper Canada. Forsyth owned all
•the lands overlooking the Falls and in the spring of
1827 erected a series of fences in such arrangement as
to prevent any person from approaching the cataract,
even by way of the government reserve land, except bv
passing through his hotel. A rival inn-keeper named
Browne led in a public protest to the government.
Early in May, Capt. George Philpotts, R. E., 'com-
manding the troops in the district, ordered Forsvth to
remove the fence, — else he would tear it down. Forsyth
threatened the Captain with prosecution. On the 1 8th

the Captain returned, accompanied by four soldiers,
Sheriff Leonard and Augustus Jones, Provincial sur-
veyor, who had marked out the "chain reserve" when
he' surveyed Stamford township in 1786. Jones marked
out the government property cnce n:ore and the sol-
diers razed the fences and a blacksmith shop, exposing
60 acres of crop land belonging to Forsyth. That night
Forsyth rebuilt the fences. A few days later the sol-
diers laid 'them flat once more. Forsyth then took
action against Philpotts and the Sheriff for damages.
Attorney-General Robinson defended him, secured a
non-suit and charged the Province 127 pounds sterlir-
for his services. Forsyth's claim was that the govern-
ment reserve was only below the cliff (in which he was
mistaken) and that he had had possession of the lands
in dispute for six years, having built the smithy in
1821.

A committee of the Legislative Assembly was ap-
pointed to investigate. It was vshown that the drastic
action had been taken on warrant of Lieutenant-Gover-
nor Sir Peregrine Maitland (then residing at Stamford)
who had chosen to ect in his capacity as Commander
of the Forces, when a civil action was the proper
course to have pursued. The government refused to
allow its officials to give evidence before the Assem-
bly's committee, whereupon the officials were arrested
on a Speaker's warrant and kept in jail for three days,
when prorogation effected their release. The govern-
ment' took action against the Speaker, but the courts
vindicated him.

Forsyth was, however, a beaten man and, in dis-
gust, he sold out.

The affair was a cause celebre in those ante-rebel-
lion days and did much to make the Governor unpopu-
lar, and to accentuate the strained relations between
the Family Compact government and the Assembly and
the hard feelings between the soldiery and the people
of the country.

Fortner.

"Jonas Fortner, died April 9, 1854, aged 50 years,
7 months and n days."

According to the family tradition, the Fortners in
Canada are descended from a daughter of Karl Dou^-
las, who fled from Scotland to avoid the unacceptable
suitor favoured by her father, and was wedded in New
York to a wealthy merchant named Fortner. The fam-

ily has been in Canada from very early days. The roll
of Capt. Turney's company of the 2nd Lincoln at the
outbreak of the war included the names of "Jones,"
Andrew and Thomas Fortner.

Fralick.

"John Fralick, "U.E.L., died May I2th, 1839, aged
84 years, 3 months."

He served in Butler's Rangers and was one of those
whose early adherence to the Empire gave hint the
title "United Empire Loyalist" under the special act
of Parliament. In 1812-14 he was a sergeant in Capt.
Robt. Grant's company of Lincoln militia. He was a
member of tlje Masonic "lodge of Friends, No. 12" of
Stamford, long before the war.

"Abigail, wife of John Fralick, died October 3oth,
1844, aged 83 years, 7 months." Her maiden name
was Spencer.

This patriarchal couple began life in New Jersey,
but "followed the flag*" to Canada. The Fralicks were
of old Dutch blood, and Loyalists of the name fled from
New Jersey and the Carolinas to New Brunswick, to
the Bay of Quinte and to the Niagara district. One
Benjamin Fralick also served in Butler's Rangers.

"Robert Fralick, .... departed this life December
9th, A.D, 1838, aged 43 years."

He was a son of John and Abigail (Spencer) Fra-
lick, and once owned much of the City of the Falls land,
living in a farm-house near where All Saints church
now stands. When the Rebellion broke out he had a
transportation contract on the Portage and also kept a
coaching-inn at Ferry and Stanley streets, — the building
yet remains. He gave up his bed to a soldier brother-
in-law (Capt. VanWyck of the Chinguacousy militia"),
slept on the floor, took cold and died. He was in
Capt. Robert Hamilton's companv of Lincoln militia in
1812-14 and served for a short time in 1837.

"Abigail, wife of Robert Fralick, died February
ist, 1858, aged 5Q years."

She was a daughter of Samuel VanWyck and Sarah
Bartow (see under "VanWvck.")

"Samuel Fralick, who was drowned at Niagara
Falls, June 29th, 1839, aged 17 years."

He was his widowed mother's eldest son and chief
support. Onlv one limb is buried here, — all that the
Falls gave up to the searchers. The remainder of the

body was found and interred at Niagara-on-the-Lake.
Of this fact his mother was never informed, and she
placed the stone.

Galbraith.

This family is said to have come from Ireland.
Graves of its members here date from 1828.

Garner.

"Thomas Garner, died Feb. 6th, 1870, aged 80
years, i month and 6 days."

"Catherine, wife of Thomas Garner, died Jan. 21,
1864, aged 69 years."

"Philip Garner, died March 12, 1884, aged 83
years and 26 days."

Stamford township had not been long surveyed when
the Garners took up land on its western boundary.
Some of the pioneers of the name are said to have come
direct from England, but in the United Empire Loyalist
List is found the name of William Garner, with the
date 1786 and that of John Garner marked "Ranger."
The roll of the 2nd Lincoln at the outbreak of the, war
of 1812-14 contains the names of James and John Gar-
ner. One George Garner is said to have also served in
the war. The family is connected with the Spencers,
Corwins, Killmans, and other pioneer families.

Here is the grave of William Garner, born 1803,
died 1874. He was the owner of much property in
Drummondville and erected some of the oldest buildings
now standing along Main street.

Glaus.

The grave of John Glaus, born 1798, died 1848, is
noticeable because of the Masonic emblems engraved on
the stone. Several other head-stones are similarly
marked. Members of the Glaus family were in the mil-
itia in 1812-14.

Goodfellow.

"John, son of William and Jane Goodfellow, Capt.
Co. E, 100 Reg. N.Y. Vols. killed on the battlefield at
Fort Gregg, April 2nd, 1865, aged 26 years."

During the civil war in the United States scores of
young men from this vicinity enlisted in the Federal ar-
mies and several lost their lives in that service. This
inscription tells the fate of one of them. Another re-
presentative of an old Lundy's Lane family who lost
his life was Ira Green, killed at Antietam.

Green.

Few pioneer families were here when the Greens
came through the wilderness from "the Jersies." They
entered Canada at Queenston on September i8th, 1785.
Charles, head of the family, took up land "from Lef-
ferty's to the forks of the Lane" on the north side. He
gave the road-allowance for Lundy's Lane and donated
to the Methodist ftodv two acres of land at the west
end of the Lane on wnich was erected the famous Red
Meeting House and where an old cemetery is still to be
seen. He was buried in that ground. His wife was
Betsy Scritchfield and their family consisted of foui
sons and two daughters. Here is the epitaph of one :—

"Reuben Green, died March 29th, 187.1, aged 90
years and I month."

Reuben was in his third year when the famil^ c ime
to Canada and the hardships of the journey made such
an impression on the child's mind that the recollection
never faded. He married Rlizabeth Fortner and raised
a family of fourteen. In the war of 1812-14 he wa$ in
Capt. Robert Hamilton's company of the 2nd Lincoln,
and his deadly shooting while on picket duty marked
him as the quarry of a special man-hunt by United
States dragoons when the invaders "held the lines"
just before the battle of Lundy's Lane. His wits alone
saved his life. He was with the British forces at Beaver
Dams and Lundy's Lane and tales of his exploits in
the war are treasured among his descendants.

Henry, a brother to Reuben, was with the militia
in the battle here, and one Barber Green also served
during the war.

Hawkins.

"Jane, wife of Reuel Hawkins, died Oct. 13, 1840,
aged 31 years."

Reuel Hawkins was orderly to Col. Booth of the
43rd regiment when it was sent from Gibraltar to
Canada during the rebellion of 1837. He purchased his
discharge and settled here. Pie died while on a visit to
Cleveland, O., and is buried in that city.

HeasHp.

Right on the summit of the hill, in the oldest part
of the cemetery, commencing at the front and extending!
southward, is a row of graves, some unmarked, some
marked by crumbling fragments of head-stones and

others with inscriptions showing that here rest mem-
bers of the Heaslip family.

The Heaslips were Covenanters who fled from perse-
cution in Scotland to Caven, Ireland, and thence to
America. At the Revolution two brothers were among
the refugee Loyalists who came to the Niagara district,
—James and Joseph. James served in Butler's Rang-
ers as assistant surgeon and was with the British
troops again in the war of 1812-14. Tradition says he
attended wounded men on the field of Lundy's Lane.
He received a land grant for his loyalty and services,
settled in Thorold township, married Mrs. Eleanor
Stephenson and is buried here.

Joseph, the brother of James, married Nancy
Spink. Both are buried here, but their grave -stones
crumbled away long ago.

Of the children of Joseph and Nancy at least two
are buried in this plot and one elsewhere in the ceme-
tery. In one of the graves near the fence sleeps a son
who met a sad fate. When yet a^ youth he went into
the forest one evening to drive the c ittle home, but
was overtaken by darkness and lost. When he was res-
cued in the morning it was found that the terrors of
the night had driven him insane. He did not long sur-
vive.

A brother of this ill-fated youth was Thomas Heas-
lip. He served in Capt. Turney's company of the 2nd
Lincoln during the war and died unmarried. His grave
is marked and the epita;h is as follows :—

"Thomas Heaslip, son of Nancy and Joseph Heas-
lip, died September i_| th, 1842, aged 59 years, 5
months, 2 days."

Catherine, daughter of Joseph and Nancy Heaslip,
married Thomas Reaveley.

Hixson.

"Levi James Hixson, M.D., son of William and
Catherine Hixson, born Sept. I9th, 1858, died at La-
Salle, N.Y., Dec. 5, 1902."

Hoshal.

Members of at least the later generations of this
Loyalist family lie here. The Hoshals were the first
settlers at what is known as the "Warner settlement,"
and some of the family served with the 1st Lincoln in
the battle of Lundv's Lane.

Howie Howey.

Many examples of this pioneer name are to be seen
here. The Howey s were settled south of Lundy's
Lane as early as 1795, as is shown by the records of
the Methodist Episcopal congregation. Jonah Howey
was a pillar of that early church. Jonah and Isaac
Howey were both in Capt. Rowe's company of the
2nd Lincoln during the war.

Hutt.

"Frederick Hutt, Esq., died February 23rd, 1849,
in his 47th year."

Jensen.

The inscription on the tombstone at the grave of
Karl A. Jensen is unique in that it is entirely in the
Norwegian language.

Keeney.

"In memory of Mr. Eli Keeney, formerly of Lenox,
Mass., who died of cholera, August 6th, 1832, aged 27
years. He had been taught in the school of Christ and
spent his life in faithful endeavours to promote His
glory. Erected as a tribute of respect by the inhabit-
ants of Drummondville."

The epitaph tells much and makes us wish we knew
more concerning this young man whose merit won him
so marked a public tribute in a land where he was a
foreigner. In those dark days of the plague many resi-
dents of Drummondville found graves on this hill.

Ker.

"John Ker, died May 29th, 1888, aged 82 years.
Mary, his wife, died Dec. I, 1890, aged 80 years."

The Ker family was founded in America bv Thomas
Ker, a border Scot, who settled at Merritton in 1800.
He served in the militia in 1812-14 and married Eliza-
beth Ball, of the noted Loyalist family of that name.
John Ker was their son. He was a contractor on the
Welland canal enlargement and made his home in
Stamford township. He was commissioned a Justice
of the Peace in 1837, and was an active magistrate for
over forty years. Few men were more favorably known
in this district than "Squire Ker."

Mary, wife of J.ohn Ker, was a grand-daughter of
Lieut. John Brown of the Grenadiers who fought at the
Plains of Abraham and caught in his .arms General Wolfe

when that hero fell with his mortal wound. He after-
wards settled in New Jersey but came to Welland
county as a Loyalist.

"Rev. Peter Ker, who died April 8, 1878, in . the
68th year of his age."

He was a Methodist minister who lived here for
many years after his retirement from active work. He
married the widow of John Bender and the memorial
inscription given above is to be found on the reverse
side of the John Bender monument. Mrs. (Bender)
Ker was of the Doan family.

Killman.

"John Killman, died I4th August, 1873, aged 70
years, 8 months, 22 days."

"Maria, relict of John Killman, who died 26th Feb-
ruary, 1884, aged 68 years, n months, 19 days."

The Killman (originally Kuhlmann) family came
from Holland to Pennsylvania. Adam and Jacob Kill-
man, half-brothers, were Loyalist pioneers of Stamford.
Jacob was in Capt. Grant's company of Lin-
coln militia and at Lundy's Lane he was wou'nded and
made prisoner. John Killman, who lies here, was a
son of Jacob. His wife, Maria, was a daughter of
Samuel VanWyck and Sarah Bartow.

Adam Killman was in Capt. Robt. Hamilton's
company of the 2nd Lincoln during the war.

Lacey.

"George Lacey, died January 27th, 1840, aged 67
years, 3 months and 17 days."

He was born in Maryland and in 1796 moved to
Canada, settling near the "Black Horse Inn" in Thor-
old. He served in the 2nd Lincoln under Captains
Kerby and Crysler and at Chippawa his neighbor, Wil-
kerson, fell by his side', killed by the bullet of an In-
dian, who was in turn despatched by Lacey. A Maso-
nic certificate dated 1824 is preserved by Lacey 's de-
scendants. His wife, Elizabeth, was a Lee of Mary-
land and when a child was sent by her parents to carry
food to the starving men of Washington's army. She
was buried here, but no stone marks her grave.

Lampman.

"Peter Lampman, died Oct. 3, 1866, in his 83rd
year."

"William Lampman, died July 8th, 1861, in his
58th year."

"Jane Spronle, wife of William Lampman, died Ap-
ril 29th, 1907, aged 95 years and 6 months."

Frederick Lampman emigrated from Holland to
New Jersey early in the i8th century. His son, Fred-
erick, born in New Jersey, was a Loyalist who
came to. Canada in 1784, settling in Stamford. Peter
was the son of Frederick and was born in 1803. An-
other Peter Ivampman came to Canada from r,ong Is-
land, N.Y., in 1784 and settled in Thorold. When Sir
John Colborne set aside four hundred acres of land to
endow St. John's church, Stamford, "Peter Lampman"
was named as a trustee. "Peter Lampman" also tip-
pei.rs in the list of militiamen wounded at the taking
of Fort George, May 27th, 1813.

One John Lampman, a militia officer, was wounded
ia the battle of Lundy's Lane.

Lefferly.

"Dr. John J. Lefferty, died October 26, 1842, aged
68 years, also Mary, his' wife, died May 22nd, 1850,
aged 73 years."

"Dr/John W. Lefferty, M.D., died April 2oth, 1850,
aged 40 years, also Sarah J. Lefferty, his sister, died
February I7th, 1866, aged 60 years."
" John J. Lefferty was born in New Jersey, his
father having been Attorney-General of that State. He
came to Canada a young man and on August 17, 1800,
was married in St. Mark's church, Niagara, to Mary,
daughter of "Cognac" Johnson, a Grand River Indian
and his white wife. Lefferty located in Lundy's Lane
half a mile west of this Hill and " Lefferty 's" was a
land-mark for half a century. The lands are still held
by his descendants; He was gazetted lieutenant of a
Flank company in the 3rd Lincoln and promoted to a
captaincy on January 25th, 1813. Most of his war-
service was as a surgeon. His property jvvas the loca-
tion of one of Brock's system of beacon fires. In 1814
his house wras burned by the invaders. The Government
^gave him a tract of wild land in recognition of his ser-
vices. He was one of Lincoln's four representatives in
the Upper Canada legislature from 1825 to 1830 (qth
and loth Parliaments) and in 1834 David Thorburn of
Oueenston defeated him by one vote. He was a mem-
ber of "No. 9," — an ancient Masonic lodge in Bertie,

and interested in numerous political, financial and soc-
ial affairs. He was a Government-appointed member
of the eld Welland canal board. In 1818 he was part-
ner with Dr. Smith in an apothecary shop in St. Cath-
arines. In 1824 he was a surgeon in the 2nd Lincoln
and saw service again in 1837. The house he Luiit in
Lundy's Lane after the war became the repository of a
splendid collection of scientific and historical objects,
but while the Doctor was in Toronto all wTas consumed
in a second lire. On occasions when no "circuit rider"
was at hand to preach in the old "Red Meeting house"
at the "end of the Lane" en a Sunday, Dr. Lefierty
would ascend the pulpit, read the lesson and lead the
singing with fervor. When he passed away the whole
country-side turned out to give him a grand funeral.
He was a gentleman and a doctor of the old school,—
bluff, hearty, sonorous-voiced, quick ol temper and vio-
lent of speech, but kind and generous at heart. He was
unalterably opposed to all innovation in society, gov-
ernment or medicine. He had four sons and three
daughters. One son, Bryan, died in Chicago in 1836 ;
John, whose epitaph is given above, died at Brantford
where he practised. One daughter married Dr. John
H. Black well of Lundy's Lane, another married George
Nelles of Palermo, Halton county.

Leggett.

"William Leggett, late of H. M. Customs, Oct. 29,
1885."

He was collector of the Port of Clifton.

Leonard.

Richard Leonard was born in Kngland, gazetted en-
sign in the 54th regiment in [796 and served during
the Irish rebellion of 1708. In 1801 he was assistant
ergineer at the siege ef Alexandria. In 1805 he was
captain in the New Brunswick Fencibles, which corps
became the TO4th in 1810. Early in 1813 he was Act-
ing Assistant Adjutant-General in Upper Canada. On
May 2gth he was in the assault on Sackett's Harbor
and was wounded. In June he was Brigade Major, but
returned to his regiment on being promoted. On the
night of Lundy's Lane he came from "the Twelve" in
coin in and of the io4th Flank companies. Drummond
placed them on the extreme right, — a position which
they held tenaciouslv. Tradition says that, at great
personal risk, Leonard succeeded in stopping two Bri

tish regiments from firing upon each other in the dark-
ness and confusion. In the siege of Fort Erie Leonard
was again wounded in that disastrous fight which cost
the regiment its Colonel (Drummond) and from which
only twenty-six of its men escaped unhurt. He was
major when the regiment was disbanded in 1817. After
his retirement he erected a fine residence on this battle-
field, became Colonel of the 1st Lincoln militia and
sheriff of the Niagara district, dying October 3ist,
1833. His residence was used as a barracks after 1837,
then became the home of the old Drummondville Gram-
mar School and is now a dwelling-house. It stands in
the rear of Stamford high school. Major Leonard's
name is given to a near-by street.

Inscriptions on stones in the Leonard plot include,
the following :—

"In memory of Major Richard Leonard, formerly oi
H.M. io4th Lt. Infantry, who died October, 1833."

"Frances, widow of Major R. Leonard, died April
i8th, 1873, aged 77 years."

"George England Leonard, son of Major Richard
Leonard, drowned in the Welland river, 8th day of
July, 1826, aged 9 years."

"Georgina England Leonard, died Nov. 27th, 1829,
aged 3 years."

Lowell.

The most imposing private monument in the ceme-
tery is that to the Lowell family.

Francis Lowell was born in Massachusetts and set-
tled at St. Davids early in the I9th century. There
he married Catherine, daughter of Joseph Clement, an
officer of Butler's Rangers. He served in the militia in
1812-14, was taken prisoner and confined at Greenbush,
whence he escaped. During his absence the invaders
burned his house and his wife and children were forced
to flee to that of a settler named Collard seven miles
away. Next day a party of British officers, eating in
Collard's house, were surrounded by the enemy under
Wilcox. Mrs. Lowell's entreaties to her renegade for-
mer neighbor prevented bloodshed, but the officers were
made prisoners, the house biirned and she was again a
fugitive.

William Lowell, born 1811, was one of the children
carried away by his mother in her flight. His father
died in 1815, and when fourteen years of age he began

to work io a store. In 1831 an uncle set him up in a
small store in Drummondville, and in 1860 he retired
with a fortune. He gave Drummond Hill church to the
Presbyterians, erected a handsome residence on Main
street, served as Justice of the Peace and died at an
advanced age, much regretted. —

Mary, wife of William Lowell, was born in 18:14,—
a daughter of Christian Zavitz, a German Loyalist
from Bucks county, Pennsylvania, who built mills at
Sugar Loaf (Port Colborne) early in the last century.
Her mother was Mary McCarty, descended from the
Lancasters of London. She married Mr. Lowell in

1834-

James A. Lowell, son of William and Mary, was the
last of his line, dying childless at an early age. He suc-
ceeded to his father's fortune and charitable disposi-
tion and was a member of the Dominion parliamentJor
one term.

Lundy.

Many members of the family after whom the
"Lane" was named are buried in this pround. The re-
cords of the settlement of the family in Canada are
fragmentary, but some reliable and interesting details
are available.

William Lundy and his brother, Samuel, were Quak-
ers who lived in Pennsylvania prior to the acknowledg-
ment of the independence of the United States. Refusing
to live under the new flag", they abandoned their hold-
ings and came to Upper Canada. William settled here
and Samuel on Yonge street, York county.

William Lundy 's good judgment of land is shown by
the selection he made for himself, — the choicest spot in
the garden of Canada. He brought with him a wife
and five sons, and one other son was born after their
arrival, thus the family was entitled to a large estate.
Tn his petition to the Governor for a grant, he stated
that he reached Canada in 1786, and an accompanying
certificate says he was in the country in 1788. He got
a land warrant for himself in 1791, a further grant
was recommended in 1706 and issued in 1797. In all
he got about 500 acres, including Lots 140, 141, 14°,
150 and 151 in Stamford. His sons included Tho-
mas, KHezar and James Lundy. BHezar married
Mary, daughter of George Keefer, who died in New
York. Her family, too, were Loyalists.

Samuel, brother of William, with his five sons, ::
lands on Yonge street and some of William's sons were
attracted to the same locality.

James Lundy, son of William, also applied for
lands on Yonge street, but he remained on the old
homestead in the "Lane." He married a sister of
Lanty Shannon and the full name is still .preserved in
successive generations of their descendants. In the war
of 1812-14 he was in Capt. Turney's company of the
2nd Lincoln and fought in the battle here.

Another Lundy was Azariah, who came into the
country in 1787 and whose claim for land was allowed
ten years later.

"Lundy 's Lane" is the road that was opened bv th?
earliest settlers from the Lundy homestead eastward
towards the river.

Lyons.

"James H. Lyons, died November 27th, 1853,
aged 59 years."

.He was an ensign in the 2nd Lincoln in 1812-14

"Anne, wife of James H. Lyons, died April 4th,
1853. f»}jrr« -. •: ars

Another stone marks the graves of four children of
Joel and Ejliza£eth T.vons.

The Lyons family was founded in Canada by Ben j.
Lons. — a Loalist

A handsome monument brars the Macdonald arms
and the motto, "Per mare, per terras." It is erected
''In memory of the Macdonald family of Ballyshear,
K.intvre, Argyleshire, Scotland, who died in America."
The head of the family in this country was Godfrey
Macdonald who died in Chicago on December 3ist,
1910, and is buried here. His name does not appear on
the monument, but his wife is thus recorded,—

"Mary Blackwell, wife of Godfrey Macdonald, born
1831, died r- f-' .

She was a daughter of Dr. John II . Blackwell and
grand-daughter of Dr. John J. Lefferty. The old Lef-
fertv place in Lurdy's I a^e was the summer home of
the Macdonalds.

MacKenzie.

"Donald MacKenzie, died June nth, 1873, in his
60 th year."

"Catherine Buchner, wife of Donald MacKenzie, died
May 2nd, 1902, in her 83rd year."

Donald MacKenzie was ' born on the field of Cullo-
den, Scotland. He was one of the mechanical engineers
at the construction of the first suspension bridge across
the Niagara river. He married Catherine, daughter of
Lieut. John Buchner and heiress of the Buchner estate,
and through this marriage the Drummond Hill pro-
perty became the MacKende estate. The generosity of
the children of Donald snd Catherine MacKenzie has
clone much to facilitate the restoration of the cemetery
and the preservation of its landmarks

Macklem.

The Macklem family is identified with the whole
history of Chippawa. James Macklem, son of William
Macklem of Ardcairn, in the parish of Donaghley, in
the county of Tyrone, Ireland, came to Pennsylvania in
1789 and to Canada in 1791, married Lydia Smith of
Bertie and soon afterwards locateH at Cbippawa, where
he and his sons established several of the industries
which made that place the industrial centre of the Nia-
gara frontier for many years. At least one member of
the family lies here, —

"John Smith Macklem, departed this life November
20, T83J, in hJs ?5th year."

He was the third son of James Macklem and had
married Susan Maria Hepburn.

Mathews.

The earliest date of the interment of a- member of
this family to be found here is 1834.

McGarry.

"James McGarry, M.D., born April 8th, 1835, died
August 13, 1903."

Dr. McGarry was a native of Falls View and spent
nearly his whole life in this vicinity. During the Am-
erican Civil War he was a surgeon with the Union arm-
ies and on the restoration of peace returned to his na-
tive place. For thirty-seven years he was the loved and
trusted physician of the village and surrounding coun-

try. He was the leading coroner and for thirty-one
years served as school trustee. His integrity, courtesy
and sympathy won for him so large a place in the es-
teem and affection of the people .that he will long be
missed and mourned.

Miller.

"Ogden Miller, born in Amsterdam, N.Y., died at
Stamford, March 31, 1875, aged 87 years and 6
months."

Morse.

"To the memory of Peter Morse, who died an hon-
est man. Born in Green Co., N.Y., Feb. 19, 1802,
died at Chippawa, C.W., Jan. 27, 1851."

"Austin Morse, died June 23rd, 1874, aged 74
years, 5 months and 17 days."

The Morse family settled in Drummondville in the
'twenties and the business they founded then still flour-
ishes and is conducted by members of the family.

Muisiner.

"Peter Muisener, Sen., who died September 5t!i.
'835, aged 68 years."

"Rheuamah, widow of Peter Muisiner, Sen., who
died October I9th, 1836, aged 62 years."

The family of this name settled on the Chippawa
creek in 1789 and one of their original log houses still
stands. They were of "Pennsylvania Dutch" blood and
were loyal to the Crown in the Revolution and the war
of 1812. The spelling of the name has been altered dur-
ing the elapsed century and "Miseners" are numerous
in Welland county. From inscriptions on other stones
we learn of the connections of this family with the
Dysons and Slaters.

Nelles.

Members of this noted familv were biiried here h.
1828.

Nevels— Nevills.

"Isaac Nevels, died July I9th, 18^2, aged 70
years, 4 months, 4 days."

He served in Captain George Turney's company of
militia and fought at Lundy's Tvane.

"Rachel Nevills, died October lyth, 1874, aged 78
years, 9 months, 27 days."

The Nevills family had lands in Stamford at an
early date. Six men of the name were in the ranks of
the Lincoln militia in 1812-14, yiz> — Abraham, Alru-
hum, Andrew, Isaac-, Jacob and James.

Noise.

"In memory of William Noise, native of Wiltshire,
Kngland, who was accidentally drowned, 22nd Aug-
ust, 1848, aged 28 years."

Oliver

"Rev. Thomas Oliver, died Feb. 13, 1900, aged 85
years."

This venerable minister was a negro, ordained to
the pulpit of the British Methodist Episcopal church,
which he served faithfully during many years.

Olophant.

An old family whose epitaphs hert date from 1827.

Orchard.

John A. Orchard was for many years a man of pro-
minence in Welland county. Be was born in Devon-
shire, Kngland, in 1815, and came to this locality in
1836. He was division court bailiff from 1859, clerk of
the court from 1865 and always a general legal facto-
tum for the country-side. In 1884-5-6-7 he was reeve of
Stamford and a member of the Welland county council
and in the latter year Warden. From 1876 to 1880 he
was a county license commissioner. When the Queen
Victoria Niagara Falls Park was created the Govern-
ment appointed him a commissioner. He was a foun-
der of the Lundy's Lane Historical Society and; a trus-
tee of 1he monument erected by the Parliament of Can-
ada.

Parsons.

"Erastus Parsons, late of Lisle, Broorne County, N.
Y., died September 2nd, 1827. aged 38 years, 6
months."

This was one of the almost-forgotten pioneers of in-
dustry in Canada. He came to Canada about 1824,
very poor in purse but rich in ideas and determination __
From far-gathered scrap iron, in a make-shift furnace,

he cast iron ploughs of a lightness and quality that
easily forced earlier designs from the market. He lived
only three years to develop his business, but in that
short time he had placed it on such, a basis that, under
the management of the trustees of his estate, it became
one of Chippawa's leading industries and the product
was known all over Canada.

Peer.

"Edward Peer, born July 31, 1814, died March 15,
1 86 1, aged 46 years, 7 months and 15 days."

This was a son "of Stephen Peer who owned lands
in this vicinity early in the last century and after
whom Peer street is named. Stephen Peer served in
Capt. John Rowe's company of the 2nd Lincoln and
fell with his captain on the disastrous field of Chip--
pawa, July 5th, 1814. His body was left on the field
and was probably among those burned by the United
States troops. No trace of him was ever found by his
family. His widow married one Barker, an early
Drummondville merchant, after whom Barker street is
named. Edward Peer was born just twenty-six diys
after his gallant father met his death. A son of Ed-
ward Peer was also named Stephen. He won notor-
iety by walking across the Niagara gorge on a five-
eighths inch wire rope. Three cUys later, — June 2=^th,
1887, — he fell from the wire to the rocks and was fat-
ally injured.

Pew.

"William Pew, died April 7, 1850, aged 88 years
and 10 months."

"Mary Magdalene, wife of William Pew, who de-
parted this life August 3oth, 1838, aged 75 years."

"William Pew, d:ed April I4th, 1859, "aged 60
years, .11 months, 14 days."

"Edna lyiindy, wife of William Pew, born Oct. 9,
1802, died March 28, 1871."

"Samuel Pew, born Nov. j_4th, 1808, died February
3rd, 1896."

"Susan Miller, wife of Samuel Pew, born January
i, 1820, died November I, 1885."

"Samuel Pew, died Dec 2, 1860, aged 77 years."

"Mary Kelly, wife of Samuel Pew, died Sept. 22,

, aged 62 years."

"John Pew, born Jan. 5, 1817, died Oct. n, 1883."

"Sarah Green Pew, born April 22, 1814, died Oc-
tober 4, 1904."

"Mary, wife of James Pew, Sr.} died Apr'.l ...
1848, aged 69 years."

These are a few of the many records in this ceme-
tery of an old and numerous Loyalist family. They
were of Welsh origin and before the Revolution lived in
Pennsylvania and New Jersev. Their large property
there was confiscated by the state. William Pew took
Lot 137, Stamford, from the Crown on February loth,
1797, and parts of Lot 152 were patented to one of
the same name in 1799 and 1802. The roll of Capt.
George Turney's company of the 2nd Lincoln in 1812
included the names of James Pew, sergeant, and Wil-
liam, Robert and Henry Pew. One Samuel Pew died
in service during the war. One William Pew was a
member of the jury at the famous Gourlay trial at
Niagara. The first registered Methodist baptism in
Stamford was that of "Samuel, son of James and
Mary Pew, born April 6, 1806." ^

Pidgeon.

"Emanuel Pidgeon, died September 27th, i8^>.
aged 74 years."

His tomb-stone bears the crest of his old regiment,
the 43rd, and to the record of his days is added. — "Be-
hold the soldier's toil is done, He'll never march
again." Pidgeon took his discharge when the regiment
completed its term of garrison duty here and was for
many years caretaker *of this cemetery.

Plato.

"BiTrr Plato, died Sept. 27th, 1905, aged 72 vears."
From the foundation of Upper Canada as a free
country until the close cf the American Civil War, the
Niagara frontier was the Mecca of thousands of fugitive
negro slaves from the plantations of the South. A
branch of the "urderground railway" led hither and the
refugees suffered their last great peril in being conveyed
across the treacherous river, — often in small boats and
at night. Quite a colony of these people was formed in
Drimimondville and usually designated "Polly-town.'^.
Burr Plato was one of a party of seven who made their

escape to Canada and settled here. By thrift and
untiring industry he acquired education and a comfort-
able property and was so respected as an honest and
God-fearing citizen that he was on several occasions el-
ected to municipal office by his white neighbors.

Randall.

"In memory of Robert Randall, Esqr., M.P.P., the
victim of Colonial Misrule, who died May 2ist, 1831,
aged 66 years."

"In memory of Lavinia Randall, wife of Isaac H.
_Culp, who died^September 23rd, 1836, aged 33 years.

Born in Virginia, near relative to John Randolph of
Roa'noke, Robert Randall soon tired of the infant Re-
public and came to Canada, investing a large patri-
mony here. He lived in Chippawa and was a friend of
William Lyon Mackenzie. Losses in litigation, in-
creased by the infidelit^ of his lawyers, embittered his
days. He represented the Fourth riding of Lincoln (all
south of the Chippawa) in the Upper Canada leeislature
from 1821 to 1824 (8th parliament) and was re-elected
as one of Lincoln's four members to the 9th (1825-
1828), loth (1829-1830) and nth (1831-1830 parlia-
ments, dying shortly after the latter election. Allied
with the popular party, he was made to feel the weight
of Family Compact displeasure, and to that he traced
many of his misfortunes. In March, 1827, he was sent
to England to lay before the Home Government the
hard situation of many American-born residents of
Canada who were denied rights of citizenship, though
owning valuable properties and truly loyal to the Bri-
tish Crown. His plea was completely successful. In
1830 he was appointed a member of the Welland canal
board. In his last days the storm-clouds which broke
in 1837 were alread^ darkening and despair of relief
from the old order of things hastened his end. He left
a legacy to Mackenzie.

Reaveley.

"Thomas Reaveley, died July 4th, 1837, a^d 66
years, 7 months and 16 days."

"Catherine Reaveley, wife of the late Thomas
Reaveley, died August 3rd, 1869, aged 81 years, 4
months and 12 days."

Thomas Reaveley was born in Northumberland,
England, and came to America before or during the Re-
volution. He lived in a Republican neighborhood and
on one occasion when, in .a burst of loyalty, he sang
"God Save the King," in a public place, his neighbors
united to give him a severe beating. In the melee he
received injuries from which he never fully recovered.
Coming to Canada writh the Loyalists, some time prior
to 1790, he established, beside the upper rapids, the first
carding mill in the district. During the war of 1812-14
he was with the militia and fought in several battles,
including that of Lundy's Lane. He married Catherine,
daughter of Joseph and Nancy (Spinkj Heaslip. Their
sons, John and Joseph, were militiamen in 1837 and
in 1866 Joseph and another son, William, who is buried
here, saw active service against the Fenians.

Theophilius Reaveley, brother of Thomas, estab-
lished one of the earliest woollen mills at St. Cathar-
ines.

Rice.

"Joseph Rice, died January 27, 1826, aped 51
years."

Rooth.

"Wm. A. Rooth, born in Quebec, July 7th, 1820,
died in Port Colborne, Feb. 17, 1878.°

"Anna Eliza Hepburne, wife of Wm. A. Rooth, born
Jan. 1 8th, 1821, died May 28th, 18)9."

Rooth was an early journalist in Drummondville,
being the publisher of the almost forgotten "Drum-
mondville Reporter." He was afterwards in the Cus-
toms service.

Ross

"To the memory of Alex'r. Ross, No. 2 Company,
93rd Highlanders, who died nth October, 1840, aged
24 years. This monument is erected by his comrades
as a token of their respect."

The 93rd was in garrison here for three years,
shortly after the rebellion of 1837. Lonesome, discon-
tented, restless, — the young Scots were prone to desert
and some who were drowned in the Niagara river or
killed by falling down its cliffs while trying to escape
to the States, were buried here. None of their names
are known. Young Ross's crumbling wooden "monu-

ment" is the sole reminder of the famous regiment's
stay in old Drummondville.

Secord.

Amboise Secord, a Huguenot, from LaRochelle,
landed in New York in 1681 and was one of the fouiid-
ers of New Rochelle, N.Y., (1689). Among all the
United Empire Loyalists the most numerous family was
that of the fourth generation of Secords in America.
One of them, l,ieiit. James Secord of Butler's Rangers,
married Madeline Badeau, also of Huguenot blood, and
their fifth and youngest child was James, born in 1773.
He married Laura, daughter of Thomas and Elizabet-n
(Dewey) Ingersoll, born 1775. Thomas Ingersoll had
been a major in the Continental army, but, sufiering
business reverses, he removed, in 1795, from Great
Barrington, Mass., to Oxford county, Ontario, and was
the founder of the town of Ingersoll. James and Laura
Secord lived at Oueenston.

James Secord took a part in the defence of Canada
in 1812 that is noteworthy, but it is so overshadowed
by the wonderful exploit of his wife that it is often
overlooked. Having resigned a captain's commission in
the ist Lincoln before the outbreak of .the war, he vol-
unteered and acted as sergeant. He was one of those
who carried Brock's body oil the field at Oueenston and
later in the day he tco was struck by a bullet. Then
it was that Laura Secord first snowed her heroism.
Searching on the mountain-side, she found her wounded
husband, but her ministrations to him were interrupted
by the approach of three United States soldiers, two
of whom raised their muskets to beat the helpless Can-
adian to death, despite his wife's entreaties. The
timely arrival of Captain (afterwards General) Wool,
saved Secord's life and there commenced a life-long
friendship between the rescued and his rescuer.

For many months Secord lay prostrate with his
wound, tended by his wife, and unmolested save that
victorious invaders were billeted in his cottage. From
the careless conversation of their unwelcome guests, the
Secords learned of the secret expedition to capture a
British outpost. The husband being unable to move,
the wife undertook to warn the imperilled partv. Her
journey and its consequences illuminate a page of Can-

aclian history and are summarized in the inscription on
the monument Here : —

"To perpetuate the name and fame of Laura Secord,
who, on the 23rd of June, 1813, walked alone nearly
twenty miles, by a circuitous, di III cult and perilous
route, through woods and swamps, over miry roads, to
warn a British outpost at DeCew's falls of an intended
attack, and thereby enabled lyieut. Fitzgibbon, on the
24th of June, 1813, with less than 50 men of H. l\i.
49th regiment, about 15 militiamen and a similar
force of Six Nation and other Indians under Captains
William Johnson Kerr and Dominique Ducharme, to
surprise and attack the enemy at Beechwood ,or Beaver
Dams and, after a short engagement, to capture Col.
Boerstler of the IT. S. army and his entire force 01 542
men with two field pieces. This monument, erected by
the Ontario Historical Society from contributions of
schools, societies, Her Majesty's 49th regiment, other
militia organizations and private individuals, was un-
veiled 22nd of June, 1901."

The war being ended, Canadians were too busy re-
storing their ruined land to make imich ado about re-
cent doings in the field, and the exploits of the Secords^
were nigh forgotten. In 1823 Secord was granted a
pension, being disabled for; life from the wound received
at Oueenston. Later he was appointed collector of Cus-
toms at Chippawa, and died in that place in 1841.

Few and scanty were the honors paid the widow. A
certificate secured from Col. Fitzgibbon proved her
claim to recognition, and the Prince of Wales (after-
wards King Kdward VII) during his tour of Canada in
1860 gave her fifty pounds sterling as a mark of his es-
teem. She lived till 1868, attaining the age of ninety-
three years, and her last days were darkened by her
sadly straitened means.

The two were laid to rest on this hill, two plain
marble slabs marked the spot and a wooden fence sur-
rounded the whole. Weeds and till grass hid fence and
stones and it seemed that no one rerrum! ered. In the
closing years of the century Rev. Canon Bull, rector of
All Saints church, started a movement to erect a suit-
able memorial. After a time the Ontario Historical
Society took hold of the idea, Mrs. S. A. Curzon's pen
roused public interest and, urder the direction of Mrs.
E. J. Thompson, the plan was carried to success.

The bust which surmounts the memorial is an ideal
representation of the heroine at the time of her great
feat. In addition to the principal inscription, quoted
above, the legend from the old grave-stones is copied on
the sides of the new shaft : —

"James Secord, collector of Customs, departed this

life 22nd February, 1841, in the 68th year of his age."

•*• "Laura Ingersoll, beloved wife of James Secord,

born Sept. I3th, 1775, died October I7th, 1868, aged

93 years."

The old stones were removed to Chippawa and placed
in Trinity church. On Oueenston Heights, overlooking,
the slope where she saved her husband and the place
from which she commenced her great journey, another
stone was lately erected to the heroine's memory.

Shannon.

This was a family of prominence in early days,

"Lanty Shannon, died August 4th, 1846, aged 75
years, 9 months."

"Agnes, wife of Lanty Shannon, born April 8th,
1775, died December 23rd, 1857."

"Susan, wife of William Hepburn and daughter of
Lanty and Agnes Shannon, died August 3rd, 1835, in
her 35th year."

"Margaret, wife of ^lliam Hepburn of Chippawa,
died November 8th, 1838, aged 38 years."

"Nancy, wife of David Lynch, and daughter of
Lanty and .Agnes Shannon, died October I2th, 1828,
in her 27th year."

Lanty Shannon was a leading Freemason and the
historic "Lodge of Friends, No. 12" "of Stamford used
to meet at his house at the Muddv Ru,n crossing on the
Portage Road. He was born in Ireland in 1770, emi-
grated to New Jersey in 1702 and came to Canada in
1797. In 1812 he served with the Lincoln militia. He
is remembered as a man of splendid physique. His
sister married James Lnndy, from whom the Lane took
its name.

Simpson.

^"George Simpson, 1818-1853."

"Laura V. Dalton, wife of the above, 1822-1888."
One stone marks the resting place of both. Georcre

Simpson was the first newspaper publisher in Dm n-
mondville, beine succeeded by Wrn. A. Rooth.

Skinner.

The Skinner family, so well known in this reeion,
was founded in America by Thomas Skinner who came
from Colchester, .England, to Colchester, Connecticut, in
the reign of Charles I. From him the line is traceJ
through Ebenezer, Joseph (killed in the Indian war,
1755)5 and Haggai to a second Hag; ai, who is buried
here. His tomb-stone bears this wording, —

"Haggai Skinner, died June 28, iH-14, aged 64
years, 5 months and 7 days."

He came -to Canada with the Loyalists and settle J
just south of this Hill on land still held by his descend-
ants. Patent for 200 acres was issued to him in 1799.
In 1812-14 he was in Capt. Kerby's ccinpany of Lin-
coln militia, fell into the hands of the enemy, was im-
prisoned at Greenbush for six months and: returned to
Canada by way of Lake Erie, landing at Sugar Loaf
on the night of the battle of Lundy's Lane. His pro-
perty had been over-run by rival armies many times
during the years of war and during this fight the house
was in the range of fire.

The Skinner family, was notable for its loyalty and
military service. A list of Loyalist refugees at Fort
Niagara in 1784 includes the names of Henry, Josiah
and Timothy Skinner. Timothy was a claimant for in-
demnity for property lost in the Revolution. One Job
Skinner served in Butler's famous regiment of Rang-
ers. During the war of 1812-14 Joel Skinner, brother
to Haggai, was in the militia, as were also Benjamin,
Colin, Ebenezer, Job, John, Stephen and Timothy,
members of another branch of the family. Timothy
was killed in the battle of Chippawa, July 5th, 1814.
One Timothy Skinner had taken land in Stamford as
early as 1787, and was assessor of the township in
1794. Benjamin Skinner was assessor in 1793.

Of the sons of Haggai, several are buried here be-
side their father, including Arad, who was out in the
Rebellion of 183,7, Haggai, Jr., and Conrad, who were
Union soldiers in the American civil war, Abram and
John.

Smeaton.

"John Smeaton, late of H. M. Customs, born in
Aberdour, Fifeshire, Scotla'nd, died at Niagara Falls,
Ont., Feb. 22, 1889, aged 74 years."

He came to Canada in the suite of L,ord Elgin and
when that famous Governor returned to England,
Smeaton obtained a position in the civil service and
remained in Canada.

Spencer.

The earliest mention of the name Spencer in con-
nection with the settlement of the frontier is in a list
of disbanded Rangers who were located upon Crown
lands as early as 1784. Among them was Robert
Spencer. According to family tradition, Robert had a
brother, Adam, who married a Corwin, and a sister,
Sarah, who married John Fralick. The Spencers came
from the Mohawk Valley, abandoning valuable pro
perty there. They made new homes in Stamford and
their descendants still occupy the lands they received
from the Crown. Of the three original pioneers at
least one, — Sarah, — lies here. \See "Fralick.")

Here is the grave of a Spei cer who was not of the
old Canadian family, —

"Rev. John W. Spencer, born Feb. 3rd, 1833, died
Sept. 1 2th, 1883. A native of Lincolnshire, Eng-
land."

Spinks.

On a rude slab of common field stone is roughly
scratched "Nancy Spinks, horn March I, 1829, died
May 22nd, 1830." This simple statement of her name
and brief life is the only legible record here of an early
family and a vanished name.

Stickle.

Another pioneer name now unknown to this vicin-
ity. Members of the family lie in the most ancient
part of the cemetery, but only comparatively recent
graves are marked. John Stickle, private in the 2nd
Lincoln militia, died in the service, December loth,
1812. It is not known where he was buried.

Street.

In the history of the Niagara frontier there is no
name more continually prominent than "Street." The

family were Connecticut Loyalists and two branches
located on 'the frontier, — :one in Willoughby and the
other at Bridgewater, between Cliippawa and the
Falls. Members of belli branches lie in the fenced en-
closure on this hill which has been the family burial-
place for close upon a century.

The early genealogy of the Street family is re-
corded as follows, — Richard Street of S'to?umber,i Som-
erset, England, died 1592 ; Nicholas (eldest son), died
1610 ; Nicholas of Bridgewater, Somerset, (eldest son;-,
born 1578, died 1616 ; Nicholas (eldest son), born i6ov
a Puritan minister, came to America, between 1630 and
1638, and preached at Taunton, Mass., and New .Haven,
Conn., died 1674 ; Samuel, born 1635, a minister at
Wallingford, Conn., died 1717 ; Samuel (eldest son),
born 1667, a lieutenant of militia ; Nathaniel (eldest
son), born 1693, lived at Norwalk, Conn., died 1748 ;
Samuel (eldest son), born 1720, lived at Wilton, died

This Samuel Street of Wilton had four sons and
four daughters. Two of the sons, — Nehemiah and Sam-
uel, — were the founders of the two branches of the
family in Canada.

Nehemiah, the eldest son, born August 16, 1745,
lived at Farmington, Conn., and married on April
I5th, 1772, Thankful Moody of Old Guildford, Conn. He
was a trader and fkd to Fort Niagara with the Loy-
alists. On a trip to his former home he was robbed
and murdered at Cold Spring (Buffalo), September 1st,
1787.

His widow's tomb is here and is thus inscribed,—

"In memory of .... Street, late of Farmington,
in the State of Connecticut, widow of Nehemiah Street,
who died at Bridgewater, 2oth September, 1813, aged
71 years."

The children of Nehemiah and Thankful (Moody)
Street were Samuel, Timothy, Thaddeus, Cvnthia and
Anne. The younger sons removed to Charleston, S.C.,
but Samuel, the eldest, remained in Canada and was
often called "Samuel Street, Junior," to distinguish
him from his uncle, Samuel Street of- Willou?^
called "Senior." After working as a clerk in Cnl.
Clark's store at Oueenston for some vears, he ac-

quired, about 1790, the mills on the shore of the rap-
ids above the Falls, which had been built in 1785 by
John Burch. He gave them the name "Bridgewater
Mills," but they were more generally known as
"Street's Mills." His partner was Colonel Thomas
Clark, whose wife was a grand-daughter of Sir Wil-
liam Johnson and Molly Brant, and, a sister .of William
Johnson Ker. The activities of the firm covered ever,
branch of business, - - transportation, manufacturing
mercantile, banking and land-holding. Their wealth
was great and their influence almost unlimited. Street
lived at Bridgewater and the records show that little
ones came to him and one, with his aged mother, was
taken away during the war-time and laid to rest in this
as yet, unfamed field. Plundering raids took toll of
his stores, after the battle of Chippawa his buildings
were crowded with wounded and, finally, the Ameri-
cans retiring from Lundy's Lane applied the torch and
left no stick standing. He lived to re-build and re-
coup and win additional wealth and honor. In 1823
William Hamilton Merritt wrote that Clark & Street's
mill was the only one from Long Point to Dundas
which could do a merchantable business. Street was
allied with the Family Compact party and was nomin-
ated to oppose William I/yon Mackenzie in the York
bye-election in 1832, after Mackenzie's first expulsion
from the Legislature. He was always an active militia
officer, being a captain in the 3rd Lincoln at the out-
break of the war, and rose to be Lieutenant-Colonel of
that regiment in 1833. He took a leading part in the
re-building of Trinity church, Chippawa, after its burn-
ing by rebel sympathizers in 1839.

On September 5th, 1811, he married Abigail Hyde
Ransom, daughter of Elias Random and Sally Gay,
who bore him a son and five daughters, viz,—

Julia Ann died in infancy.

Cynthia (born 1816, died 1892) married the Right
Rev. Thomas Brock Fuller, first Anglican Bishop of
Niagara.

Julia Ann married Oliver T. Macklem and was the
mother of Rev. T. C. S. Macklem, provost of Trinity
university, Toronto.

Caroline -married first James Cummings, second
Thomas C. Macklem, third Rev. W. H. C. Robertson,
fourth H. C. R. Beecher, O.C.

Elizabeth married Hon. J. B. Plumb of Niagara,
some-time speaker of the Senate of Canada.

Thomas Clark Street, the second child and only son,
was born but three months before two pitched battles
were fought within sight of his home. He succeeded to
the family wealth and influence, and, in business and
politics followed the family tradition He was edu-
cated for the law and called to the bar, but never prac-
tised. He was an incorporator of the first Niagara
Falls Suspension Bridge Company, treasurer of the
Erie & Ontario Railway Company, an officer of the
Niagara Ship-Building Company, banker, miller, landed
proprietor, paymaster of the pensioners, and Lieuten-
ant-Colonel of militia. "Clark Hill," his splendid resi-
dence overlooking the upper rapids, was the finest house
in the district. He purchased the islands below, which
long bore his; name (now called the "Duflerin Islands")
and turned them into a private park. He was a mem-
ber of the committee which had charge of building the
second Brock's monument, 1853. From 1851 to 1854
and from 1861 to 1867 he sat in the old parliament of
Canada, representing Welland county. On Confedera-
tion he was elected to the new Dominion parliament
and was member without portfolio of Sir John Mac-
donald's cabinet. In 1872 he was re-elected, but died
a month later. Thomas C. Street was never married
and with him the direct male line of the family ceased^.

In Trinity church, Chippawa, is a memorial win-
dow to T. C. Street and his parents.

Inscriptions on the tombs of members of this line
of Streets in the plot here include the following :—

''Sacred to the memory of Samuel Street, Esq., of
tho Niagara Falls, born at Farmington, Connecticut,
March 1 4th, 1775. He settled in this district, A.D.,
1790 and died August 2ist, 1844."

"Abigail Hvde. widow of the late Samuel Street,
Esq., of the Niagara Falls, died September I2th, 1872,
aged 78 years, T month and 2 days."

"Julia Ann, daughter of Samuel and Abigail H.
Street, died at Bridgewater, August 2ist, 1813, aged 13
months."

"Cynthia, sister of Samuel Street, Esq., died Jan.
23, 1841, aged 67 years."

Samuel, third son of Samuel Street of Wilton, and
>rother of the murdered Nehemiah Street, came to

Carada about 1780, was a trader at Niagara and finally
located in Willoughby township. In 1788 he was one
of the six Justices of the Peace appointed for the
District of Nassau. This was the Samuel Street who
was at Niagara in 1792 when Simcoe founded Upper
Canada. Returned for the second parliament (1797-
1800) and for the fifth (1809-1812) he was chosen
Speaker for the latter period. His constituency was
the Third riding of Lincoln, — Stamford, Thorold and
Pelham townships. His home, "Grove Farm" was a
notable land-mark and the history of the war is full
of references to "Street's," "Street's creek," "Street's
grove" &c. In military matters he was active, being
Captain in the 3rd Lincoln from i8oj. He was an
active and efficient magistrate and was one of those
persons specially charged by the Government, in
February, 1812, with the enforcement of the law regard-
ing seditious persons and practices. On October 2}th,
he was appointed paymaster of the Flank companies
of the 2nd, 3rd and 5th Lincoln and 1st Oxford militia.
On January i8th, 1813, he was directed in Militia
Orders, as paymaster, to "muster the militia*1 from
Chippawa to Point Abino. On July ?Jth he was on 2
of the twelve commissioners appointed to have charge
of abandoned farms and their produce. In March and
April, 1814, he was Acting Deputy Paymaster-General.
The tide of war rolled to and fro across his property
and caused him great loss. THe Government rewarded
him with a grant of land. He died, as his epitaph de-
clares, at Thorold. In many documents thisi gentleman
is called "Samuel Street, Senior," to' distinguish) him
from Samuel Street of Bridgewater, his nephew.

He married, in 1784, Phoebe, daughter of Peter
Van Camp, and had one daughter, who married Joha
Ussher of Willoughby.

His grave-stone bears this legend, --"Snmuel Street,
late of the Grove Farm in the township of Willoughby,
Esqr., died at Thorold, February 3rd, 1815, aged 65
years."

The early history of Upper Canada contains many
references to the Street family. When Simcoe estab-
lished the Queen's Rangers at" Oueenston in 1792, a
"Mr. Street, an inhabitant of the place," disputed the
Crown's title to the land on which the huts were er-

ected. One of the Streets built mills in the Short Hills
late in the i8th century. At the taking of Fort Nia-
gara one of the prisoners released from the dungeons
was "Samuel Street," — whether "Senior" or "Junior"
is not recorded. One John Street was an officer of the
2nd Lincoln during the war.

Among other memorials in the Street plot are, —

"Anna S. Hosmer, born Feb. 12, 1797, died March
31, 1865."

"Harry Hosmer, late of Avon, in the County of On-
tario, state of New York, son of Frederick and Ann
Hosmer. who was drowned at Chippawa, aged 15
years."

"In memory of Mary Karl, grand-daughter of Sir
William Johnson, Bart., who died April loth, 1820,
aged 20 years, 6 months." (See reference under
"Earl.") "

Sutton.

"John Sutton, a native of En land, died December
2nd, 1844, aged 64 years."

"Rev. Wm. Sutton, died May 27th, 1879, aged 64
years, 2 months and 15 days."

"Nancy, daughter of James and Mary Lundy and
wife of Rev. Wm. Sutton, died Feb. 24th, 1897," aged
87 years."

Rev. William Sutton was a Methodist preacher of
the early days who settled here after his retirement
from active work,.

Taylor.

"Henry Taylor, Esq., a native of Sterlingshire,
Scotland, died the 25th day of August, 1847, aged 57
years."

"Jean, wife of Henry Taylor, born Dec. 18, 1817,
died March 20, 1898."

"William H. Taylor, M.D., 1835-1891."

Todd.

"Sacred to the memory of Duncan Elphinstone
Todd, Esq., late a captain in Her Majesty's 37th regi-
ment of Foot, who died October, 1837, aged 30 years."

Ussher.

l'Here rest, in the hope of a joyful resurrection, the
mortal remains of Kdgeworth U.ssher, Ksq., whose de-
votion to his sovereign and exertions in the cause oi
his country at a critical period in the history of Can-
ada marked him out as an object for the vengeance of
the enemies of peace and good order by whom he was
cruelly assassinated in the night of i6th November,
1838, in his own house near Chippawa at the early age
of 34 years, leaving a wife and four young children to
mourn their irreparable loss."

The story outlined in the inscription on this old
white obelisk is one of the most tragic of Rebellion
days. Kdgeworth Ussher was gazetted ensign of the
Left Flank company of the 3rd Lincoln and took rank
as captain from July 6, 1831 (M.G.O. nth July,
1833). The Rebellion found him active for the Queen
and a band of assassins crossed from Navy Island one
night, captured a neighbor, named Taylor, forced him
to go with them to "Milford Lodge," Ussher's home,
and call Ussher to the door. Mrs. Ussher urged her
husband not to expose himself, but he, re-assured by
his neighbors voice, responded to the call. As he opened
the front door to learn his neighbor's need he was shot
through the side window of the porch. Three days
later Governor Sir George Arthur by proclamation of-
fered £500 sterling for the apprehension of the assassin.
On August ist, 1839, a further proclamation named
Benjamin Lett as the murderer. He was never cap-
tured. § In 1840 he earned additional abhorrence from
Canadians by blowing up the original Brock's monu-
ment on Queenston Heights.

Capt., Ussher's wife was Sarah, a daughter of Cor-
nelius and Rebecca Thompson. One of her sisters mar-
ried Capt. Garrett of the 49th regiment, long a resi-
dent of Niagara, and another married Lieut. John C.
Garden of the Royal Newfoundland regiment, who set-
tled in Stamford township and is buried at Thorold.

VanWyck.

"Hiram VanWyck who died Jan. I4th, 1893, aged
82 years, 6 months, 26 days."

His father w?s Samuel VanWyck and his ancestors
were some-time seigneurs of Wyk in Holland who lost

their high estate during the Spanish wars and fled to
New York, where they were identified with the "Knick-
erbocker" stock. Samuel VanWyck married Sarah Bar-
tow, of English family. They took the loyal side in
the Revolution, abandoned large property in New York
and settled in York county, Ontario. After a naval
venture on Lake Ontario, which ended in the loss of his
vessel, VanWyck came to Niagara and finally settled
near the Falls. During the war of 1812-14 he was in
Capt. Robert Grant's company of Lincoln militia and
his son, Gilbert, served under Capt. Robert Hamilton.
At home the wife and young children suffered, unpro-
tected, the visits of roving Indians and irregulars and
everything of value that they could not safely conceal
was taken from them. The final pillage of the frontier
during July, 1814, forced them to fly .to the Short
Hills. They returned home when the invaders had been
finally turned back by their defeat here and the child-
ren never forgot, even in old age, the sight of the un-
buried dead on the slopes of this hill. Samuel Van-
Wyck died the next year, but his widow survived till
1837-

Watson.

"Erected by the Presbyterians of Drummondville to
the memory of Marion Watson, the beloved wife of
Rev. William Dick son, who died 24th of April, 1859,
aged 32 years. 'A woman who feareth the Lord, she
shall be praised.' Prov. 31-30."

Wilson.

"Sacred to the memory of Jer. Wilson, Pte. Royal
Canadian Rifle Regiment, who departed this life on the

This record is carved on a wooden slab, — probably
the tribute of mourning comrades who were unable to
purchase a more lasting memorial. Already the lower
part of the plank, with date and age, has mouldered
away.

A recent and interesting grave is that of James
Wilson who was the first superintendent of the Queen
Victoria Niagara Falls park and during his residence in
Niagara Falls prominently identified with charitable
and educational movements, the historical society and
the Presbyterian church. Afterwards he was park

commissioner of Toronto. He died at Kamlocps, B.
C., on October nth, and was buried here on Nov. yth,
1911.

Woodruff,

Here may be seen the grave of Joseph Clement
Woodruff whose ancestors of the Clement and Woodruff
families were Loyalist pioneers, soldiers in the Revolu-
tion and the war of 1812-14, members of Upper Can-
ada's first parliaments and leading men among the first
settlers in the district. He was born in 1808 and fled
with his mother and her other children to the Short
Hills when St. Davids was burned by the invaders on
J-uly 20th, 1814, and they were left homeless. He was
a partner of William Lowell in the early days of Drum-
mondville and later was the proprietor of one of the
largest businesses in the village. He died in 1889, in
his 8 ist year. His sister, Margaret, rmrried Sainuel
Zimmerman, the railway builder and founder of the
town of Clifton, who was killed in the DesTardins
canal wreck in 1857.

The eastern portion of the cemetery is noticeable for
the lack of those stones which elsewhere crowd the
ground, occupying even the scant allowances of space
for foot-paths, yet here the graves are as thick as the
common decency of burial will permit. Here lie the
flotsam and jetsam of a century's tides in the mael-
strom of life, — the unknown, the pauper, the friendless,
the forgotten, the scores upon scores of unidentified
bodies rescued from the Niagara river, — most of them
suicides, — the victims of cholera and small-pox epide-
mics, the unfortunate who choked to death at a hotel
table and whose name was never discovered, the slain
of railway and industrial accidents, — where else is there
such an assemblage of the victims of life's tragedies ?.
From all the lands of the earth, from every station in
society, young and old, men and women, far from home
and friends, they were laid to rest by stranger hands
and the levelled earth obliterates the last trace that
they ever were.

•* Near these, and even among them, rest many sol-
diers who died here when Drnmmondville was a garri-
son post, — after 1837. Disease claimed many • one,
'filled with despair on recovering from intoxication to

iind himself under arrest, blew out his brains in the
Bath house barracks cell ; others, wearied to despera-
tion by the monotony and petty tyranny of barrack
life, sought a base release by desertion, ihe swift and
treacherous waters cf the Niagara were fatal to several
who tried to swim across at night and others were
killed in falling down the cliff in their endeavours to
elude the vigilance of the guard at Ferry Road. Every
regiment of the garrison left its little squad of dead on
Drummond Hill. The few whose names were recorded
on head-stones are mentioned elsewhere.

Many apparently vacant plots and a number of
rude limestone slabs bearing no records are noticeable
in that part of the cemetery lying between the soldiers'
monument and the Drummond Hill church property.
This was the original cemetery. Here every grave is
that of a member of a pioneer family, — Buchners,
Brooks, Forsyths, lyaceys, Stickles, Spinks, Heaslips,
and many others. On this ground two armies battled
at midnight with bayonets and clubbed muskets for the
possession of half a continent. Here the dead lay in
piles next morning, — some to be buried and some to be
burned. Blackened and mutilated, — many stripped of
uniforms in the struggle or by plundering ghouls, — un-
recognizable as friend or foe, they shared the trench and
the pyre. No doubt many old grave-stones w^ere de
stroyed that night and many others have crumbled
away since, but almost every foot of this ground is a
tomb and often the digging of a new grave has dis-
closed a sepulchre long lost and forgotten. Tradition
preserves a few names and points out where a few of
those dead of long ago were laid, but none may know
the tales that this green grass has hid away and the
wordless stone tells only that they were.

The south-western section is the new cemetery. Of
tragic interest is the great grave where lie twelve Hun-
garians who were burned to death in their beds one
night in June, 1910. Here also lie father, mother, son
and daughter, — all but one member of a family named
Harris, — whose deaths in their home by asphyxiation
was a mystery never satisfactorily explained. Near-
by is a handsome memorial erected by J. P. Bradfi°ld,
a prominent American railway man, native of this
place, to the memory of those of his family who lie
here.

Hundreds of other graves are worthy of notice from
the visitor or student of the history of the Niagara
country, but the records of the dead are scattered or
lost and they rest unknown.

"And now the wild-flowers round them spring
While Niagara doth her requiem sing,
And many a heart hath signed in vain
For thpse who sleep on I/undy's Lane."

APPENDIX I.

Of great interest to the student of local hi'story are
the graves in the little old cemetery on the north side
of Lundy's Lane, — just east of the Methodist church. It
is said that the land for this burying-ground was given
for such use to the families of 'the first settlers by the
Spetigues, - - a family long extinct. During recent
years it has been sadly neglected. The late Charles
Ross, during his lifetime, had the place cared for and
the fence in front erected at his own expense. No one
takes care of it now and the fence is much dilapidated.

A stone which marks probably one of the very old-
est graves is an irregular slab of sandstone, taken from
the field or the river's edge. It has been rudely in-
scribed and the remnant of the record appears to be as
follows,— "T. F. T. Dy. 1788. Au 13 Ag 19 y."

Cook.

Here lie Robert Cook and Martha Skinner, his wife,
who came from New Jersey as Loyalists in 1776, set-
tled in Stamford in 1781 and founded one of the very
oldest frontier families. They received a grant of 300
acres of land immediately north of this Hill. They had
eight sons and four daughters, also four nephews of
their name, and their descendants now number many
hundreds. The graves of the old Loyalist and his wife
are not marked, but there are stones at the grave of
one son and his .wife.

"Haggai Cook, born October 27th, 1773, died Nov-
ember ist, 1848, aged 75 years."

"Sarah, wife of Haggai Cook, born April I4th,
1777, died January 7th, 1813, in her 36th year."

Haggai Cook was in Captain Grant's company of
the 2nd Lincoln militia in the war of 1812-14. ihe
names of ten other Cooks are to be found in the old
militia rolls. Haggai was an early Freemason and his
grave-stone bears many emblems of that craft.

Sarah, wife of Haggai Cook, was a daughter of
James and Kve Durham.

Durham.

James and Eve Durham were among the very first
of the Loyalist fugitives from New Jersey who found
new homes in Stamford. They arrived in 1776, and in
1782 there was born to them a daughter who was the
second white child born in Western Canada. In recog-
nition of this fact Governor Haldimand made her a
special grant of land. Her grave is here, —

"Catherine Durham, died October 27, 184-, in the
65th year of her age."

Many other members of this old family are burieo
here but, like those of the Cooks, only a few of the
graves are marked. Other inscriptions include, —

"Edward Durham, died June 14th, 1844, aged 71
years, 10 months, 8 days."

He was in Capt. Rowe's company of the 2nd Lin-
coln during the war.

"Lois Durham, died March 29, 1843, aged 63
years, 9 months, 12 days."

Everingham.

"James, son of Jacob and Margaret Everingham,
born February 22nd, 1818, died August 6, 1834."

Lemon.

"In memory of Jacob Lemon, Senr., who departed
this life February I3th, 1816, aged 73 years."

"In memory of Mary Lemon who departed this la
March 19, 1823, aged 76 years."

"Laurence Lemon, departed this life Nov. 9th,
1842, aged 71 years, 6 months and IT days."

"Mary .Willson, wife of Laurence Lemon, born Sep-
tember 9th, 1776, died October 2oth, 1868, in her
93rd year."

"John Lemon, departed this life February 24th,
1802, aged 4 years. Son of L. and Mary Lemon."

"Thomas Lemon, son of L. and Mary Lemon, de-
parted this life July 6th, 1820, in the loth year of his
age."

"George Lemon, died Dec. i8th, 1849, aged 26
years and 7 months."

Laurence Lemon was a Loyalist from Pennsylvania
who settled in Bertie township, but removed after a
short time to Stamford. He served in 1812-14 under

Capt. Robt. Grant in the 2nd Lincoln. He married
Mary, daughter of John Willson of Bertie, a Loyalist
from New Jersey, but a native of Ireland. Thev had
fifteen children. One son, John, lived in Lundy's Lane
for many years, was a magistrate, coiinty councillor
and prominent in many circles.

Willson.

''Thomas Willson was born the 22 of January, 1768.
Died the 3 1st May 1845."

"Abigail Wilson was born the 8 day of May 1764
Died Aug. 15, 1854."

APPENDIX II.

All Saints Churchyard.

Within the secluded close of All Saints church are
to be found a score or more of graves. From among
the inscriptions on the stones a few of great interest
are selected.

Ingles.

^»-

"Charles Leycester Ingles, Priest, born at Dart-
mouth, N.S., Aug. 30, 1822, died at Niagara Falls
South, Nov. 3, 1885. 37 years of his ministry of over
38 years were spent in the parish of Stamford of which
he was 22 years the rector."

"Jemima Ingles, wife of Rev. Chas. I/. Ingles, fell
asleep June 8, 1898."

-** The life and work of Charles Leycester In-
gles were devoted to the firm establishment
of that sacred edifice beneath the walls of
which he rests. In his day the Episcopal congregation
at this place was a dependent branch of the old Gov-
ernment-endowed church of St. John in Stamford, and
their place of worship was a building erected by an-
other religious body. When he ended his ministry the
church edifice stood as it is today, though the division
of the old parish of Stamford came at a still later date.

Murray.

"Ellen B. Murray, who fell asleep May 5th, 1876,
aged 82 years, also in memory of her husband, Lieut. -
Gen. Murray, died in Paris, Sept. 16, 1841, aged 62
years."

Lieutenant-General Murray was buried in the fam-
ous cemetery of Pere la Chaise in Paris and the in-
scription on the monument erected there to the memory
of his father as well as of himself, throws further licrht
on the history of a line of distinguished British of-
ficers,—

"Sacred to the memory of Gen'l. John Murray of
the late 96th regiment, who died May 3rd, 1824, aged
84 years ; and of his son, Lieutenant-General John
Murray, also of the same regiment, and lrfe Governor

of Demerara, British Guiana, who died Sept. i6th, 1841,
aged 64 years."

In addition to his high official position, Lieutenant-
General Murray was largely interested in West Indian
sugar plantations, in the old slave-holding days. When
all slaves within the British Empire were freed, 1833,
he received a hundred thousand pounds indemnity
from the government. Upon his retirement from the
service, Lieutenant-General Murray spent some time in
Monroe, Mich., and formed a friendship with General
Cass, who endeavored to indrce him to invest in De-
troit property. . The Niagara district was, however,
more attractive to him and he settled in Drummond-
ville and became one of the promoters of the City of
the Falls and a part owner of the Pavilion hotel,
which was a feature of that great scheme. He left
Canada again in 1837 m order to educate his family in
Europe, but never returned. He was married twice,
the second wife being Ellen Butler O'Connor of New-
foundland, who lies here. Seven children were born of
the first marriage and fifteen of the second. Four sons
entered the army, and two, — George, of the first familv.
and Augustus, of the second family, — rose to be gen-
eral officers.

Murray street, near-by, was named in honor of
Lieutenant-General Murray.

Strother.

"Anthony Strother, of Eastfield Hall, Northumber-
land, England, late of the 3rd King's Own Hussars
and iyth Regiment, died December lyth, 1901, aged
67 years."

FINIS

INDEX

Aberdour, Scotland 56

Abino, Point 60

Addison, Rev. Robt 5

Alexandria, Egypt 41

Allison, David 20

Elizabeth 2D

Martha 20

John 20

Rebecca 20

Thomas 19

Ail Saints Church 34-53-70

Amsterdam, N. Y 46

Andre, Major 24

Antietam, battle of 35

Ardcairn, Ireland 45

Argyleshire, Scotland 44

Arthur, Sir George 62

Artillery, Roy^l 8-9

Artillery, Royal Marine 9

Artillery trench 8

Avon, N. Y 61

Badeau, Madeline 52

Ball, Elizabeth ..38

Ball's Farm , ...12

Ballyshear, Scotland 44

Barker 48

Barker street 48

Bartow, Sarah 34-63

Bith house ?5

Battery No. 3 18

Bay of Quinte 34

Baacon fires 40

Beaver Dams 5-12-15-20-22-

36-53

Beecher, Caroline 58

H. C. R 58

Beechwoods 53

Bender, Almira 21

Edna 21

John 21-39

Mary 21

Philip Geo 20

Philip 21

William 21

Benjamin, Anna M 22

Henry A 22

Henry L. 22

Bertie township 40-45-68

Bertrand, Rebecca 20

Biggar, Elizabeth 22

James (2) ,22

John 22

Rebecca 22

William ...22

Bisshopp, Lt.-Ool. Hon. C. — 4-
5-8-12-13-19

Sir Cecil 4-5

Bissell, Gen 10

Black Horse Inn 39

Black Rock 5-12-13-14-18

Blackwell, Dr. J. H. ... 23-41-44

Mary 44

Boerstler, Lt.-Col 53

Bolter, Elias , 23

Booth, Col 36

Pte. George 23

Boughner 25

Bradfield, J. P , 65

Brant, Joseph 31

Molly 31-58

Brantford 41

Bridge, Suspension, Co. 25-45-59

Bridgewater, Eng 57

Bridgewater, Canada ...17-57-58-

59-60

Bridgewater Mills 58

Brigade, First 18

Light 10-13

Pearson's 10-13

Porter's 16

Scott's 9

British Guiana 71

British M. E. church 47

Brock, Maj. Gen. ... 12-13-14-15-

40-52

Brock's Monument 59-62

Brokenshaw, Luke 24

Brooks, Abigail 24

Elizabeth 24

Mary 24

Robert ... '. 24

Thomas 24

Broome Co., N. Y 47

Browne 32

Brown, Lieut. John 38

Buchanan, James 24-32

Buchanan street . ....25

Buchner, Catherine 25-45

Capt. Christopher ....
3-25-26

Capt. Henry 26

Henry, Jr 26

Lieut. John 3-25-26-45

Joseph 26

Martha

Martin 25

Mary 25-26

Peter 26

Sarah 3-25

Bucks Co., Pa 43

Buffalo, N. Y. 5-12-17-18-27-57

Bull, Rev. Canon 53

Bunker, Alexander 26

Nathaniel 26

Burch, John 3-26-58

John, Jr. 26-27

Martha 26

Burlington, Ont 5-10

Burning Spring 7-17

Butler's Rangers ... 21-24-34-35-
37-42-52-55-56

Campbell, Capt 13

Ensign 10

Canada, Lower 4-12

Canada, Upper 4-5-11-12-27-

32-41-43-49-60

Carolinas, The 34

Carolina, South 57

Cass, Gen. Lewis 71

Cavan, Ireland 37

Cavite, P. I 24

Ceylon regiment 30

Chadwick, Cecil 27

Julia 27

Thomas 27

Charles I, King 55

Charleston, S. C 57

Chicago 41

Chingacousy militia ..34

Chippawa ... 3-7-10-18-23-22-25-
26-32-39-43-46-48-50-53-54-55-
57-58-59-60-61-62.

Cholera 38-64

Chrysler, Capt. John 31-39

Chrysler's Farm 14-15

Churchdown, Eng 28

Churches : —

All Saints 34-53-70

Baptist 25

Drummond Hill fi-43-85

Lundy's Lane Methodist —
7-8-67

Parkham, Eng 6

St. Marks (Niagara) 40

St. Johns 40-70

Trinity (Chippawa). 54-58-59
City of the Falls 24-25-29-34-71

Civil War 35-45-49-55

Clark, Elijah 27

Elizabeth 27

Col. Thos 57-58

Clark & Street 32-58

Clark Hill 59

Clement family 64

Clement, Catherine 42

Joseph 42

Cleveland, O 36

Clifford, Major 14

Clifton cottage 29

Clifton house 29

Clifton, town of 27-29-31-41-64

Cockcroft, Rev. John 27

Rachel 27

Richard L 27

Coghill, Pte. Geo 11

Colbath, Abigail 24

G. H 24

John S 24

Colborne, Sir John 40

Colchester, Conn 55

Colchester, Eng 55

Cold Spring, N. Y 57

Cole, Constant C 28

John .28

Cole property 8

Coleraine, Ireland 31

Collard 42

Commission, C. V. N. F. Park

3-47

Connecticut 57-59

Cook, Edna 29

Haggai 67

Martha 67

Robert 67

Sarah 67

Cook's Mills 10

Corbett, Mary A 25

Corwin. (Curwen-Culwen) ...28-

35-56

Benjamin ... 28

Elizabeth 28

Capt. George 28

Joseph, Sr 28

Joseph, Jr 28

Naonr . ...28

Covenanters 22-37

Creighton, Capt. 29

Doctor . ...29

Creighton, John 29

Matilda 29

Crvsler, Baltus 29

Edna 29

Harmanus 29

John 29

Culloden, Scotland 45

Gulp, Isaac H 50

Lavinia 50

Cumberland, -Eng 23

Cummings, Caroline ,...58

James ....58

Curzon, Mrs. S. A 53

Dalton, William 7

Laura V 54

Dartmouth, N. S. 70

Davis, John 30

DeCew's Falls 53

Delatre, Emily ... 30

Lt.-Col. P. C 39

DeLatre Lodge 30

De la Zouche, Baron 4-5

Baroness 5

Dernerara 71

De Rottenburg, Maj.-Gen 13

Des Jardins accident 64

Devonshire, En~ 47

Detroit, Mich 11-13-17-71

Dewey, Elizabeth 52

Dickson, Marion 30-63

Rev. William 30-63

Doan family 39

Donaghley, Ireland 45

Douglas, Alexander 33

Earl \ !...33

Rebecca 30

Dragoons, 19th Light 19

Drummond, Sir Gordon ... 7-10-
12-13-14-15-20-32-41.

Lt.-Col. Wm. 15-16-42
Drummondville ... 23-24-30-31-38-
43-46-49-5l-52-5'5-G 3-64-71
Drummondville Grammar

School 12

Ducharme, Capt. Dominic ....S3

Dufferin islands 59

Duncan, Geo. J 30

Dundas 58

Dimdas, William 30

Durham, Catherine 68

Edward 68

Eve 67-°8

James 67-83

Lois 6S

Lord . ...32

Durham, Sarah 67

Dyson family 46

Earl, Capt 31

Mary 31-61

Eastfield hall <1

East Indies 30

Eddington, Eng 23

Eden, Hannah 31

William 31

Edward VII, King 53

Eley, Freder.c^ , 31

Elgin, Lord 32-55

Emerick, Matthias 31

England ... 4^5-6-19-2. -2. -28-30-

31-35-41-47-50-&1-71

Erie, Fort ... 5-10-11-12-1, -14-15-

16-18-19-42

Erie & Ontario R'y 21-59

Erie, Lake -.., 13-55

Ethelred, reign of 28

Evans, Lieut. -Col .....13

Everingham, Jacob 6-8

James 8-8

Margaret 68

Falconbridge, Catherine B. ...31

John K 31

Samuel 31

Sarah 31

Sir W. G 31

Falls, City of 21-25-29-34-71

Falls View ....45

Family Compact ...33-50-58

Farmingham, Conn 57-59

Fenians 51

Ferry, The .25-32

Ferry Road 64

Ferry Strest 23-34

Fifeshire, Scotland 56

Fitzgibbon, Lieut 53

Flushing, Holland 4

Forsyth, Eunice 3-25

James (2) 3-25-32

Jane (2) 32

Rebecca .....31

Sarah 3-25

William (2) ...31-32-33

Forsyth's house 24-25-32

Fort Erie ... 5-10-11-12-13-14-15-

1(5-18-19-42

Fort George 5-10-12-13-14-15-17

Fort Gregg 35

Fort Niagara 13-r -18-55-57-61
Fortner, Andrew ., , 34

Fortner, Elizabeth 36

Jonas 33

"Jones" 34

Thomas 34

Fox, Major Barry 19

Fralick, Abigail (Spencer) ...31
Abigail (VanWyck) ...34

Benjamin 34

John 34-56

Robert 34

Samuel 34

Sarah 31-56

Fraser, Lieut 12

Fredericton, N. B 15

Freemasons 27-32-34-35-39-40-54-

Frenchman's Creek 4

Frenchtown 13

Friends, lodge of 34-54

Frontier Landmarks Society..!/

Fuller, Rt. ReV. T. B 58

Cynthia 53

Galbraith 35

Garden, Lieut. John C 62

Garner, Catherine 35

George 35

James 35

John 35

Philip 35

Thomas 35

William 35

Garr^tt, Capt. Alex 62

Gay, Sally 58

George, Fort 5-10-12-13-14-15-1?

Germany 20-25-29

Gibraltar 36

Glanford township 26

Glaus, John 35

Glengarry 4-9

Glengarry regiment ...8-9-10-19

Glew, Capt. John B 13-14

Gloucester, Bng 28

Goodfellow, Jane 35

John ... 35

William 35

Gordon, Lt.-Col. John... 12-18-19

Gourlay trial 49

Grand River 40

Grant, Capt. Robt 34-39-

63-67-69

Gray, Thomas 4

Great Barrington, Mass 52

Green, Barber 36

Betsy , 36

Charles .. ....36

Green, Elizabeth 3>6

Henry 36

Ira 35

Rebecca 22-30

Reuben 30-35

Sarah 49

Greenbush, N. Y 42-55

Green County, N. Y 46

Gregg, Fort, battle ..35

Grimsby 22

Grove Farm 60

Hackettstown, N. J. ...: 28

Haldimand, Gov 68

Halifax, N. S 14

Halton county 41

Hamilton, Capt. Robt.. 34-36-63

Harris family &5

Harvey, Sir John 15

Hawkins, Jane 36

Reuel 36

Heaslip, Catherine 37-51

Eleanor 37

James 37

Joseph 37

Nancy 37

Thomas 37

Kemphill, Lt.-Col 17

Lieut. Wm 12-17

Hepburn, Anna E 51

Margaret 54

Susan 45-54

William 54

Hepton Bridge, Eni 27

Highland Fencible re^im^nt... 9

Hincks, Emily 30

Sir Francis 30

Historical Societies : —

Lundy's Lane 16-47

Niagara Frontier Land-
marks 17

Ontario ... 53

Hixson, Catherine 37

Levi 3?

Naomi ...28

Timothy 28

William 37

Holland 5-20-23-39-40

Howie-Howey, Isaac 38

Jonah 38

Hoshal family 37

Hosnrer, Anna S. 61

Ann 61

Frederick 61

Harry 61

Huguenots 52

Hull, Capt. A. F 16

Gen. Wm 16

Hunters lodge , 29

Hutt, Frederick ., 38

Incorporated militia 8-10

Indians 21-40-53

Indians, Six Nation 53

Ingersoll, Elizabeth 52

Laura 52

Thomas ... 52

Ingersoll, town of 52

Ingles, Rev. Chas. L 70

Jemima 70

I. O. O. F 31

Ireland 2231-35-41-45-54

Irish Fusiliers (Royal) 14

Jensen, Karl A 38

"Jersies," The 33

Johnson, Cognac 40

Henry 28

Mary 40

Naomi 28

Sir Wm. ... 25-30-58-61

Jolly Cut 29

Jones, Augustus 33

^amloops, B. C 64

:eeney, Eli 38

leefer. George 43

Mary 43

:elly, Mary 48

Kentucky 4

.erby, Capt. ...'.... 21-32-39-55

Ker, Elizabeth 38

John 38

Mary 38

Rev. Peter 39

Thomas 38

:err, Capt. Wm. J. 53-58

Killman 35

Killman, Adam 39

Jacob 39

Jacob, Jr 39

John 39

Maria 39

Knickerbockers 63

King Edward \7II 53

King's Regiment (8ttr 8

Kingston, Ont 14

Kintyre, Scotland . ....44

Lacey, Elizabeth 39

George 39

Lake Erie .*. ..13-55

Lake Ontario 30-63

Lampman. Frederick 40

Jane 40

John 40

Peter 39-40

William 40

Lancaster family 43

Land Board 27

Landmarks Society 17

La Rochelle 52

LaSalle, N. Y 37

Lathom, Lieut. 14

Learn, Edna 21

Peter 21

Lee, Elizabeth ,...39

Lefferty, Bryan 41

Dr. J. J 23-40-44

Dr. J. W 40

Mary 40

Sarah 40

Lefferty's 36-40

Leggett, Wm 41

Legislature, Ontario 33

Legislature, Upper Can; da 40
50-58-64

Lemon, George 6'8

Jacob 68

John 68-69

Laurence 68

Mary (Wilson) 68-69

Mary 68

Thomas €8

Lenox, Mass 38

Leonard, Frances 42

George E 42

Georgiana E. 42

Major Richard ...8-15-
33-41-42

Leonard street 42

Lett, Benjamin 62

Lewiston, N. Y 13-20

Lincoln county 40-50-60

Lincoln Militia ... 8-11-21-23-24-
25-26-27-31-32-34-35-36-37-38-
39-40-41-42-14-46-48-49-51-52-
51-55-56-58-60-61-62-63-67-68-
69.

Lind, Jenny 32

Lisle, N. Y 47

Litel, Elizabeth ...22

Liverpool regiment 13

Lodge of Friends 34-54

Log Jail, N. J 28

London, Eng 43

Londonderry Co., Ireland 31

Long Point 58

Lowell, Catherine ,42

Francis 42

James A 43

Mary 43

William 42-64

Lower Canada 4-12

Loyalists, U. B., (see "United
Empire Loyalists").

Lundy, Azariah 44

Edna 48

Eliezar 43

Mary 43

James A 43

Nancy 61

Samuel 43

Thomas 43

William 43

Lundy 's Lane ... 3-8-10-22-23-27-
30-35-38-43-44-54-67-69

Lundy's Lane, Battle of .. 5-
10-11-12-13-15-20-22-25-32-36-
37-40-41-46-51-55-5'8-65. •

Lundy's Lane Historical Soc'y.

16-47

Lynch, David 54

Nancy 54

Lyons, Ann 44

Benjamin 44

Elizabeth 44

James H 44

Joel 44

Macdonald, Godfrey 44

Mary 44

Sir John 59

MacKenzie, Catherine 25-45

Donald 25-45

Wm. Lyon ...20-50-58

MacKenzie estate 3-8-25-45

Mackinac ... 4

Macklem, Caroline 58

James 45

John S 45

Julia Ann 53

Lydia 45

Oliver T 58

Susan 45

Thomas C 58

Rev. T. C. S 58

William 45

M-ckonochie, Capt. 9

Main street '....8-29-32-43

Maitland, Sir P 33

Maryland 39

Marr, Mary . 21

Massachusetts 28-38-42-57

Matterson, Pte. Wm 11

Matthews family 45

McCarthy, Mary 43

McGarry, Dr. Jas. . 45

McNab, Sir A 32

Meeting House, The Red... 36-41

Methodists 33-49-61

Methodist church 25

Merritt, Wm. H 58

Merritton 38

Miami river 13

Middleham, Eng 27

Milford lodge 62

Militia '. 29

Militia, Chingacousy 34

Incorporated 8-10

Lincoln, 1st ... 8-11-37-
42-52

2nd 21-24-25-
27-31-32-34-35-
36-37-38-39-41-
44-48-49-5-6-&0-
61-67-68-69.
3rd. 26-40-58-
60-62

4th 25

5th 23-60

Oxford 60

Miller, Col 9

Ogden 46

Susan 48

Mohawk Valley 5$

Moodie, Maj. Robt 15

Thankful 57

Moore, Sir John 4-6-19

Moorsom, Capt , 15-16

Monroe, Mich 71

Montgomery's 15

Montreal 16-19

Morrison, Col. ... 9-12-13-14-17

Morse, Austin 46

Peter ... 46

Morse sand pits 3-8

Muddy Run 6-54

Muirhead, Capt 26

Muisiner, Peter ....46

Rheuamah ... . 46

Murray, Augustus 71

Ellen B 70-71

General 70

George 71

Lieut. -Gen 70

Murray street 21-71

Napoleon 14

Nassau District ., ....27-60

Navy island 2J-32-62

Navy, Royal 31

Nellcs family 46

Nelles, George 41

Nevels— Nevills

Abraham ....4?

Alruhum 4/

Andrew 4?

Isaac 48

Jacob 4?

James ... , 4?

Rachael 46

Newark (Niagara) 18

New Brunswick 15-34

New Brunswick Fencibles.. 15-41

Newfoundland 71

Newfoundland regt 62

New Haven, Conn. 57

New Jersey ... 20-23-23-28-34-39-
4M9-54-67-S8-69.

New Jersey College 23

New Rochelle, N. Y 52

New South Wales 4

Nf.w South W riles Fencibles.. 14

New Town, N. J 25

New York city 24-2S-33-43-52-63

New York state 29-46-47-61

Niagara Falls... 21-28-34-57-5 8-63
Niagara Falls city ... 27-56-70
Niagara Falls Suspension

Bridge Co 59

Niagara Falls, N. Y 24

Niagara d' strict 34-37-42-71

Fort ...13-17-18-55-57-61
Harbor £: Dock Co. 30
River ...3-20-45-51-64-65
Town ... 5-9-12-13-18-20
27-34-40-49-60-62-63

NoisQ, Wm 47

Northampton, Ens: 28

Northumberland, En<r 51-71

Norwalk, Conn. 57

Norwich, Eng. .. 19

Ochtertyre, Scotland 30

O'Connor, Ellen B 71

Ogdensbursr, N. Y 9-12

Old Guildford, Conn 57

Oliver, Rev. Thos 47

Olophant family 47

Ontario county, N. Y 61

Historical Society ....5^

Lake 30-63

Orchard, John A. 47

Oswego, N. Y 10

Otter street . 21

Oxford county 52

Militia 60

Palermo, Ont 41

Parham, Eng 4-6

Paris, France ;;. 70

Parliament of Canada ...16-43-59

Parsons, Erastus 4/

Patteson, Capt. R. D 19

John 19

Pavilion hotel 29-32-71

Pearson, Lieut. -Col 10-13

i-'echell, Hon. Mrs. 5

Peer, Edward 48

Stephen (2) 48

Street 48

Peiham township .....60

Peninsular war 19

Pennsylvania, state ... 39-43-45-
46-49-6 3

University .2.

Volunteers ... ...1

Pere la Chaise cemetsry ',0

Perth county, Scotland 30

Pettit 22

Pew, Edna 48

Henry ... ; 49

James 49

John 49

Mary 49

Mary M. ... 43

Mary K 48

Robert ....49

Samuel (2) 48-49

Sarah 49

Susan 48

William (2) 48-49

Philadelphia, Pa 20-22

Philippine islands 21

Philpotts, Capt. Geo 32

Pidgeon, Emanuel 49

Plains of Abraham 38

Plato, Burr 49

Plumb, Elizabeth 59

Hon. J. B 59

Poe, Adjt. Thos 17

Point Abino 60

Portage, The Niagara 34

Road 6-10-32-54

Port Colborne .43-51

Porter's brigade 16

Portugal 4-5

Prevost, Sir George 12

Presbyterians 2'0-43-fi3

Prince of Wales 53

Princess Victoria'* Re-t, 8-10-14

Proctor, Col 13

Prospect house .....23

Protection Fire company 2f

Quakers 43

Quebec 14-15-51

Queenston 13-17-20-36-

40-52-57-60
Queenston Heights 13-14-20-

22-54
Queen Victoria N. F. Park .

47-63
Quinte, Bay of 34

Randall, Lavinia 50

Robert 50

Randolph, John 50

Rangers, Butler's. 11-21-24-34-35
37-42-52-55-56

Ransom, Abigail H 58-59

Elias 58

Sally ... ..' 58

Reaveley, Catherine 37-5-0

John ..51

Joseph 51

Theophilius 51

Thomas 37-50

William 51

Rebellion of 1837 ... 20-34-36-41-
51-55-58-62

Rebellion, Irish, 1798 41

Reciprocity treaty 32

Red Meeting House 36-41

Regiments: British &\ Canadian:

1st Foot Guards 4-5

1st Royal Scots 8-11-12-

17-18-19

1st Lincoln 8-11-37-42-52

1st Oxford 60

1st Warwickshire

2nd Lincoln 21-24-25-27-31-32-
34-35-36-37-38-39-41-44-48-
49-56-60-61-62-67-68-69.
3rd King's Own Hussars ...71

3rd Lincoln 23-40-58-60-62

4th Lincoln 25

5th Lincoln 23-60

6th 19

8th or King's ... 8-12-13-14-18

17th 71

19th Light Dragoons 19

24th 16

26th Cameronians 18

37th 61

41st 8-13-15

43rd ....23-34-49

49th 53-62

54th 41

89th, Princess Victoria's 8-10-
14-16-18

93rd Highlanders 51

96th 70

98th 4

103rd 8-14-16

104th ... 8-12-15-16-41-42

Cameronians, 26th ...18

Ceylon ....30

Glengarry 8-19

Highland Fencible 9

Incorporated Militia 8-10

King's (8th) 8-i2-13-14-18

King's Own Hussars 71

Liverpool 13

New Brunswick Fencibles ...41

Newfoundland .62

New South Wales Fencibles....
Princess Victoria's ... 8-10-14

Queen's Rangers 6-0

Royal 1st Warwickshire 19

Royal Canadian Rifles ...23-63

Royal Artillery 8-9

Royal Marine Artillery 9

Royal Irish Fusiliers 14

Royal Scots (1st) ... 8-11-12-
17-18-19

Welsh , 14

Regiments : United States : —

1st Marine Corps 24

9th Infantry 16-17

13th Infantry 16-17

25th Infantry 10

100 N. Y. Vols 35

Revolution 12-20-28-29-37-46-

49-51-55-63-64

Rice, Joseph 51

Roanoke, Va. 50

Robertson, Rev. W. H. C. ...58

Caroline 58

Robinson, J. B 33

Colonel 10

Rode, England 31

Roman Catholics 9

Rooth, Anna E 51

William A 51-55

Rose, Private, Alex U

Ross, Private Alex 51

Charles ^ 67

Rowe, Capt. John ... 25-33-4VS8

Sackett's Harbor ...9-11-12-15-41

Salem, Mass 28

Schoharie Valley 29

Scotch 9

Scott, Col. Hercules ' 9-12-

13-14-15

Scritchfield, Elizabeth 36

Secord, Amboise 52

• James 52-53-54

Laura 52-53-54

Madeline 52

Shannon, Agnes 54

Lanty 4i-54

Nancy 54

Susan 54

Sharen, N. Y 29

Sheaffe, Maj.'Gen. R.H. ...13-20

Short Hills .61-64

Simcoe, Governor 60

Simpson, George 54

Laura V 54

Skinner, Abram 55

Arad 55

Benjamin 55

Colin , ....55

Conrad 55

Ebenezer 55

Haggai (2) 55

Henry 55

Job 55

Joel 5 >

John (2) 55

Joseph 55

Josiah ....55

Martha 67

Stephen 55

Thomas 55

Timothy 55

Slater family 46

Smeaton, John ....56

Smelt, Major 15

Smith, Dr 41

Lydia 45

Smoke, Elizabeth 20

Society, Frontier Landmarks 17
Lundy's Lane Histori-
cal 16-47

Ontario Historical.. 53

Somerset, England 57

Spain 4-5

Spencer 35

Abigail 34

Adam 56

Rev. John 56

Robert 56

Sarah 56

Spetigue 67

Spinks, Nanc^ 51-56

Spooner, Capt. . .14

Sproule, Jane 40

St. Catharines 41-51

St. Davids .....20-42-64

St. Lawrence river 13

St. Petersburg 4

Stamford ... 3-23-2s-2j-30-33-34-
35-38-39-40-43-46-4 < -49-54-
55-56-60-62-68-70. .

Stanley street 34

Staten island 26

Stephenson, Mrs. E 37

Sterlingshire 61

Stevens burying ground 11

Stewart property 8

Stickle, John 56

Stogumber, England 57

Stoney Creek 5-9-12-15-22

Stovin, General 18

Street, Abigail H. 58-59

Anne 57

Caroline 58

Cynthia (3; ... 57-58-59

Elizabeth 59

John 61

Julia Ann 58-59

Nathaniel ... 57

Nehemiah 57

Nicholas (3) 57

Phoebe 60

Richard 57

Samuel (5) 3-57-59-60-61

Thaddeus 57

Thankful M 57

Thomas C 3-59

Timothy 57

Streets islands 59

Mills 25-58

Strother, Capt. A 71

Sugar Loaf hill 43-55

Sullivan, Hon. Justice 30

Emily 30

Suspension Bridge, C. W 27

Suspension Bridge Co. 25-45-58

Sussex, Eng 4

Sutton, John 61

Nancy 61

Rev. 'William 61

Swayze, Israel ... 28

Taunton, Mass 57

Taylor 62

Henry 61

Jean 61

William H. 61

Thames river 13-14

Thompson, Cornelius .. ...62

Thompson, Mrs. B. J 53

Rebecca 62

Sarah 62

Thorburn, David 40

Thorold 3-29-37-39-80-62

Todd, Capt. Duncan B 61

Tomkins, Lieut 9

Toronto . .... 41-58-64

Torrens, Capt. S. B 18-19

Trafalgar township .....22

Trinity church 54-58-59

College, Toronto 58

Turney, Capt. George ... 34-37-
43-46-49

Twelve Mile Creek 9-12-13-

15-18-41
Tyrone, Ireland 45

United Empire Loyalists ... 20-

22-25-26-28-29-31-34-35-3S-37-

38-39-40-43-44-49-51-52-55-56-

57-64-67-68-69.

United Empire Loyalist List 35

Upper Canada 4-5-11-12-27-

32-41-43-60

Upper Canada Legislature ...40-

50-64
Upper Canada Medical Board 23

Ussher, Bdgeworth 62

John 60

Sarah 62

VanCamp, Peter 60

Phoebe 60

VanWyck, Abigail ,...34

Captain ...34

Gilbert 63

Hiram 62

Samuel 34-62

Sarah 34-63

Victoria Park Commission 3
Victoria, Princess, Re gt. 8-10-14

Victoria street 8

Vincent, General 5

Virginia 50

Waliingford, Conn. 57

Warner settlement .'.....37

Warwickshire regiment ..19

Washington's arnr- ... 39

Watson, Marion 30-63

Welland canal 38-41-50

Welland countv ...20-23-29-30-
39-46-47-59

Welland river 42

Wellesley, (Wellingtons 4

Wellington 4-19

Welsh 49

Regiment , 14

Werner, George 27

Wesley an Methodist church ...26

Westminster Abbey 24

West Indies ....71

Wilcox 42

Wilkerson, James 39

Willouohby township 57-60

Wilton, Conn 57-59

Wiltshire, England 23-47

Willson, Abigail 69

John €9

Mary ... .6*8-69

Thomas SI

Wilson. Abigail ....24

Elizabeth 24

Thomas 24

James 61

Jer 63

Wolfe, General 38

Woodruff, Joseph C 64

Margaret 64

Wool, General S?

Wyk, Holland ... '.'.' ...62

Yeo, Sir James Lucas 12

Yonge street 43-44

York, (Toronto) .9-10-12-14

York county 43-58-63

Yorkshire, England 20-27

Zavitz, Christian 43

Mary 43

Mary (McCarthy) ....43

Zimmerman, Margaret 64

Samuel .. ...64

NIAGARA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

NO. 23

Fort Niagara— Col. D. MacDougal

JANET CARNOCHAN

Letters of 1812 from Dominion Archives

COL. CRU1KSHANK, F. R. S. C.

Steamer Chicora, formerly Confederate
Blockade Runner

A. J. CLARK

The Riders of the Plain

T. A. BOYS

- - — - ^v

PRICE, 25 CENTS

PREFACE

In presenting the twenty-third pamphlet of the Niagara His-
>rical Society we desire to express our thanks to the public for the
favor with which our publications have been received. The contents
of this number are very varied, Fort Niagara with its kaleidoscopic
view of Indian, French, British or United States occupation down to
the remarkable ceremony of the joint funeral by British and United
States forces of remains of soldiers of the Kings 8th in 1911, Col.
MacDougal and letters never before published, traces of the frightful
civil war and the part taken by the (to us familiar steamer) Chicora,
when a blockade runner for the Confederate States and in the Red
'River Rebellion and lines referring to the work of that remarkable
organization the North West Mounted Police who by their heroic
conduct in the performance of duty have earned a name for them-
selves in preserving the peace of a vast territory.

We besp.ak for out last pamphlet as favorable a reception as
was accorded to our other publications.

The Castle, Fort Niagara, N. Y.

Castle at Fort Niagara erected 1725 and 1749. Taken by British from
French 1759

Bui-mi cf Remains of Soldiers of the King's 8th Regiment by joint action

of the 29th U. S. Regiment and Volunteer Camp, Niagara, Out.,

June 25th, 1911. at Fort Niagara, N. Y.

FORT NIAGARA

BY JANET CARNOCHAN

In this Niagara Peninsula there are maisy spots with histori-
cal associations, battlefields, conflagrations, first parliament, churches,
turf clubs, etc., but certainly the most interesting spot is in our view,
bnt not in our territory, across the beautiful boundary river
is Fort Niagara, its history predating ours by a century, its many
vicissitudes, its varied possessors, Indian, French, British, Ameri-
can, twice beseiged and taken, first by tne British from the French
in 1759, again bv the British from the Uniced States in 1813 — and
twice given back bv treaty The name Niagara has different
spellings Ongiara, Ouniagahara, etc., (forty different spellings) as
given in the documentary History of New York. It is evident that
the accent was on the penult syllable instead of the anti-penult as
with us. In Goldsmith's poem "The Traveller" it is thus pronounced
"And Ni-a gar a stuns with thundering sound," but that is no rule for
us as the poets are not slow in taking all kinds of poetic license, of
both rhythm and rhyme The meaning of the word was often given
as Thunder of \Vaters, but it is now acknowledged to mean simply
"The Strait." The country was occupied by the Neutrals, a fierce
tribe with thirty-four villages on cur side of which Niagara was one
and four on the U. S. side. The name Neutral was given because
they took no part in the wars between the Iroquois to the south and
Hurons to the north, but wh*>n these nations were at war allowed
free passage to either to reach the other's territory. They were
however completely destroyed by the Senecas, arid the Hurons were
afterwards almost annihilated by the Iroquois as the Eries had been
before. The first w« know of the neighborhood being; visited by the
white man was in 1626 by Father Daillon, who is said to have
visited the western side of the river, but we really know little of its
history till fifty years after that date when the indomitable LaSalle,-
that man of iron, who of noble family destined for the church be
came an explorer, endured what we would think frighful hardships
saw all his plans fail, tramped over hundreds of miles with a break-
ing heart and finally though he had once reached the mouth of the
Mississippi when coming a second time to explore it by sea, sailed

1st its mouth unknowingly and was assassinated by his discontented
lowers

On the 6th December, 1678, a ten ton craft sailed into the
river with sixteen persons, the chief ones being the Sieur de la Moite
and the Franciscan Father Hennepin, the historian of the party.
This was the advance party followed on the 20th of Jauuary
1679, by LaSalle with a larger vessel bringing rigging and
provisions intending to build a vessel above the Falls to sail the
great lakes beyond. His vessel was wrecked two leagues from the
mouth of the river, the anchors and cables were saved. The story of
how timbers, anchors, cannon were taken up the mountain, (the ridge
at Lewiston is called Three Mountains) of how the vessel was built
at Cayuga Creek opposite Chippwa to the astonishment of the
Indians who called it the big canoe, of how it finally sailed to lake
Michigan, was loaded with furs and started on its return journey and
was never heard of more we need not tell.

There is much dispute as to where the first building, a
palisaded habitation was erected, at the mouth of the river or at
Lewiston, later investigation calling for belief in the lattei. In
December, 1678, the ground was so frozen that boiling water had to
be used ior the post holes, so says Hennepin the historian, but he
also tells us that the height of the Falls was 500 feet and the roar
could be heard fifty miles off.

Ten vears after in 1688, a fortress was built on the site of
Fort Niagara to resist ^he Senecas, a garrison of one hundred men
left to defend it, bub from lack of food, being closely beleaguered by
the savages, no fish, firewood or deer, the provisions on hand being
foul as Parkman says the fort was first prison, next a hospital then a
charnal house, till in April only ten or twelve men were left and
these were rescued by a large party of friendly Miamis, till a French
force arrived for its relief. The English governor Dongan at New
York was protesting against its existence as being on English terri-
tory and against existing treaties and indeed in a letter from Mon-
treal, Denonville gives a promise to withdaw the garrison. A minute
account is given of the buildings at the time of its abandonment.
On the 15th September, 1688, in the forenoon, Sieur Desbergeres
Captain of ons of the companies of the detachment of Marines and
Commandant of Fort Niagara, having assembled all the officers, the
Rev. Father Millet of the Society of Jesus, Missionary, read to them
the orders from the Marquis de Uenonville, governor, dated 6th July,
to demolish the fortification of the said fort, with the exception of
the cabins and quarters found standing. A curious memorandum of
the quarters left standing gives interesting particulars. Firstly — We
leave in the centre of the square a large framed wooden cross,
eighteen feet in height on the arms of which are inscribed in large

letters these words REGN. VINC. IMP. CHRS. (Regnat,
Vincit Irnperat Christus, Christ Rules, Conquers, Governs,) which
was erected last Good Friday by all the officers and solemnly blessed
by the Reverend Father Millet. Then follow descriptions of
eight buildings giving number of doors, windows, chimneys, hinges,
fastenings, locks with number of boards as covering bedsteads,
among the buildings are mentioned that of the commandant, tho
missionary's, the bake house, the chapel (probably storehouse,) a
well with ics cover, all which are inhabitable, the description which
includes number of boards as covering on floor is signed by the
witnesses

The settlement of the country want on and wars between
French, British and Indians for possession of the fur trade, The
next we hear of is the order of the king by Marquis de Vaudreuil to
Joncaire to obtain permission from the Senecas to build a blockhouse.
Joncaire had been a prisoner with thh Indians in his youth, had be-
t ome a favorite, been adopted and on assembling their chiefs ob-
tained permission to build which seems to have been at Lewiston.
In a long letter from Charlevoix in 1721 to Madame de Maintenon
the following descriptive passage occurs: "Now Madame, we must
acknowledge that nothing but zeal for the public good could possibly
induce any officer to remain in such a wild and frightful country.
On the one side you may see just under your feet and at the bottom
of an abyss like a torrent in its rapidity a whirlpool formed by a
thousand rocks through which it with difficulty finds a passage and
by the foam of which it is always covered. On the other the river
is confined by three mountains placed one over the other, a proper
place for the poets to maxe the Titans attempt to scale the heavens.
On every side you disco"\ er nothing which does not inspire a secret
terror.

You have, however, but a very short way to go to behold a
very different prospect, behind these uncultivated and uninhabited
mountains you enjoy the sight of a rich couctry, magnificent forests,
beautiful und fruitful hills, you breathe the purest air under the
mildest and most temperate climate imaginable situated between two
lakes."

To return to Fort Niagara. In 1725 the fortress at the
mouth ot the river was rebuilt on a scale of strength and perman-
ence far superior to Denonville's hasty structure. The tradition is
well supported by evidence that strategy was used for the erection
of the New House or castle opposed by the Senecas wno had only
given permission for the erection of a storehouse. A large body of
troops had arrived, but a still larger force of Indians surrounded

them. The strategem was used of engaging iu an extensive hunt,
many of the officers joining the Indians Materials had been prepared
and while the hunt was in progress the French built and the walls
were found to be high enough to act as a defence on the return of
the Indians who felt themselves outwitted The fort became in
time a place of considerable strength and had its ravines, ditches
and pickets, its curtains and counterscarp, its covered way, draw-
bridge and raking batteries, stone towns, laboratory and magazine,
its messhouse, barracks, bakery and blacksraithshop, its < hapel with
a large ancient dial over the door to mark the progress of the sun. the
whole covering a space of eight acres anJ the strongest place south
of Montreal and west of Albany

In 1736 the fort was well fortified with thirty guns of the
largest calibre, but the trade with the Indians had fallen off as many
preferred to trade with the English, the jealousy between the two
countries still continuing, each striving to gain supremacy, the
French to confine the English to a narrow strip on the Atlantic sea-
board had built a chair} of forts along the frontier, Lake Ontario,
Erie, the Alleghany, Ohio and Mississipi livers, Fort Niagara being
one of these. In 1756 war was proclaimed between England and
France, thisv proved to be the seven years wars closed by the treaty
of Paris in 1763, when the French possessions were given up to
Britain In 1755 Fort Niagara had been threatened with attack
and the eminent engineer Pouchot WHS sent to strengthen it, but it
was not till the 1st luly, 1759, that a force was <*ent from Oswego
under Brigadier John Prideaux with 2,200 regular troops and
militia with 943 Iroquois warriors under Sir Win. Johnson, who, by
his remarkable powers of diplomacy, his character of integr ty, his
geniality had gained unparalleled influence over the Indians and
held the position of Superintendent under the British government.

Capt Pouchot, the commander, gives an account of the horn
work constructed by him, the garrison consisted of 486 and 39 em-
ployees, five of whom were women or children, who with two Don-
ville ladies attended to the hospital, served up gun cartridges or
made earth bags. The British force debarked at a cove some miles
east of the Fort and secured themselves by entrenchment. Pouchot
on the 7th sent runners to the French posts south and west asking
the aid of their girrisons and all the Indians that could be rallied,
the first point where warning was given being Little Niagara, the
end of the portage from Levviaton, about the spot called Forb
Schlosser. On the 7th the French saw seven barges distant a
league and a half and sent out the armed schooner Iroquois to des-
troy them, but evidently failed to do so. On the 8th of July Pri-

deaux sent a message to Pouchot demanding his surrender offering
reasonable terms which were refused. Of the journals kept of the
siege, that of the French account was found in the fort two or three
days after its capture and is tr»nslated and printed in the history of the
Holland purchase, that of the British is found in the journal of Sir
Wm. Johnson published in Stone's life of that general. By refer-
ence to each we find that the siege went on for eighteen days, the
garrison of Little Niagara arrived to help the French, on the 10th
the British digging trenches and advancing closer day by day till
by the 21st the fourth parallel was made about a hundred yards
from the fort, lines of circumvallation were formed around the fort,
cutting off communication, trenches dug, batteries erected, sorties
and fierce tights took place. On the 15th the besiegers had thrown
300 bombs end on the 19th Johnson sent men to erect a battery on
the other side of the river at Point Mississagua which ia the first
mention of our side, the same evening Gen. Prideaux was killed by
a shell which burst immediately on leaving a gun near which he was
standing. On Sunday, the 22nd, red hot balls were sent into the
fort which was now feeling the effects of the fire as the wadding had
given out, the hay used as a substitue did not last long and the straw
and even linen of the beds was next used.

While the French were being attacked from both sides of
the river the British also had to sustain by the 23rd attacks both
from the fott arid the force from the south which came in answer to
Pouchot's request for help, 1400 French and Indians met at Presque
Isle, now Erie, paddled to the Niagara, rested a day at Navy Island,
the river being described as black with boats, left 150 to guard them
under D'Aubrey, arid marched to the relief of the garrison. Sic
Wm. Johnson was now in command and here the real battle was
fought. The light infantry, the Grenadier, part of the 46th regi-
ment and the 44th Battalion, 100 New Yorkers, 600 Indians were
ordered out and in an hour's time the enemy was in retreat, the pursuit
was carried three miles The battle was in sight of the garrison.
Seventeen officers were made prisoners. Sir Wm. sent in a list to
Pouchot asking him to surrender which he did after sending an
omcer to see the prisoners. At ten at night on the 24th the capitu-
lation was finished, tne garrison surrendering with the honors of
war. There embarked as prisoners 607 privates besides eleven
officers and their ladies. The stores found iu the fort were immense,
43 cannon from two pounders to fourteen pounders, musket balls,
grenades, cohorns. mortars, axes, matloc-ss, spades, small arms, etc.
The Indians were allowed the plunder in the fort — some say to the
value of ;£300 to a man. Pouchot's force mirched out drums beat-

ing with arms, baggage, laid down their arm?, but retained their
baggage and all were sent in British vessels to Oswego.

In D'Aubrey's attempt to raise the siege 150 of his men at
least had been killed and 100 captured, while of Johnson's iorce there
was a loss of only forty. From the journal of Sir William some
extracts miy be made. "At seven o'clock in the morning of 25th
July the garrison surrendered grounding their arms, the military to
be sent to England as prisoners, the women, children and one priest
to the first; French post. The French officers prisoners among the
Indians I ransomed with difficulty. On the 28th buritd General
Prideaux and Col. Johnson in the chapel with great form. I was
the chief mourner."

It is strango that while so much is made of the Capture of
Quebec by Wolfe in September 1759, the capture of Fort Niagara
occurring two months before is passed over as comparAtively unim-
portant, although it was for the possession of this fortress that two
nations had been contending for so many years, and it had been
said it was the key to the continent.

The English took possession of the portage and built a forti-
fication near where Fort Little Niagara had stood, called it Fore
Schlosser in honor of its first commandant, a German, Capt. Joseph
Schlosser, who had served in the British army at the taking of Fort
Niagara.

The few lines from the diary of Sir Wm. Johnson referring
to the burial of General Prideaux in the chapel have caused much
discussion arid I have always fait that there should be something
to mark the graves of these two British officers who gave their lives
for Britain's glory or let us say in the performance of duty done.
The question occurred to my mind where was the chapel? were the
bodies left there or taken to the Military graveyard? Several per.
sons have helped in this investigation. Hon. P. A. Porter has
found that the chapel, which of course was Homan Catholic, was
taken down and the material taken to Fort Schlosser. John Ross
Robertson found in England in the British Museum a picture of the
fort with the chapel which would be in what is now in the middle of
the parade ground; a map of the present buildings with the
position of the chapel marked bv a cross was published
in the Buffalo Express. The next information is from Miss Qunde
of Ransomville, whose grandfather was the light house keeper at
Niagara and whose mother was born there, the site of the light
house being that where Fort Mississagua now stands. Miss Quade's
friend Miss Hosmer, of Lockport, has told her frequently that when
she went to school near the fort the children used to pjay in the

military graveyard and that she distinctly remsmbers a gravestone
with the uarae of General Ptideaux near that of Amasa Snow with
the remarkable verse. On investigation the base on which the stone
rested was found, the stone had evidently fallen down and was not
to be seen. Miss Quade related this to Mr. Porter and soldiers
were brought to excavate, the bones of a large man were found, but
as there were no military buttons it was concluded that this could
not be the grave of Gen. Prideaux. But this conclusion is without
grounds as though now men and women both are buried in their
clothing, in those days all were buried in shrouds, while men fall-
ing on the field of battle were often buried as they fell, this could
not have been the case with Gen. Prideaux, for although he was
killed on the 19th by the diary of Sir VVm. Johnson, the burial in the
chapel in such form did not take place till the 28th, so there was
ample time lor a ceremonious burial. However, the principal point
is that even if the *xact spot of burial is unknown, there should be
something to keep in memory the names of these two British officers.
At a celebration which took place at Fort Niagara I took the liberty
of sending a letter to the Frontier Society and! a promise was given
that an attempt would be made to pla e some suitable memorial.

Though Canada was now under the British and peace was
made there was still war, ag the great chief Pontiac formed a plan
supported by French influence to re take the fort and actually of the
12 forts he had determined to gain possession of he actually took 9,
three only remaining, Detroit, Pittsburg and Niagara held out. The
Senecas co-operated with Pontiac and the terrible massacre of the
Devil's Hole resulted. There were reasons personal to the place
and the Indians for oppos tion to the British as the carrying place
had always been a source of income to the Indians, 200 of whom
had been employed, as all the furs from the west were carried on
the backs of the Indians and also of the goods for the west much was
conveyed the same way. The English proposed making a road for
wagons and thus conveying goods by teamsters with oxen and horses
at less expense and it was intended to remove the road to the west
side of the river and travellers tell us of seeing in one day sixty or
seventy wagons waiting at Queenston to convey goods to the other
end of the Portage at Chippawa. Much discontent was simmer-
ing in the minds of the Indians and this was helped on by French
traders who were losing by the change of masters, each party by the
help of the other hoping to regain the country for himself. The
hostility of the Senecas made it necessary to place a guard at the
foot of the portage as well aa the head and this guard was sent from
Fort Niagara. On the 14th September, 1763, a wagon train which

bad come from Lewiston with supplies for Detroit set out on its re-
turn from Schlosser with an escort of twenty five men accompanied
by John Stedman who had charge of the portage. Five hundred
Senecas lay in ambush asvaiting the doomed escort travelling care-
lessly along the bank when a murderous volley grt-eted them and the
survivors were butchered with tomahawk and scalping knife.
Crazed by the din of arms and the yells of the savages some of the
teams went over the rocky wall and even the men flung themselves
over to escape the torture which might follow. Two persons. alone
survived, a drummer boy named Matthews fell into a tree top and
descended without mortal injuries. John Stedman escaped a shower
of bullets and on a good horse pushed through the enemy's line and
reached Fort Schlosser. The guard at the lower portage heard the
firing and with additional soldiers from the fort went to discover the
cause, tne Indians had had time to complete the destruction of the
train and again place themselves in ambush and the horrid scene
was repeated. A blast of bullets killed more than half of the force
and the tomahawk and scalping knives completed the work of death.
Only eight men escaped to tell at the Fort the terrible tale. The
whole of the garrison (600) immediately marched to the sceoe* of
slaughter and the same bloody story might have been repeated had
the Senecas not retired, bearing away eighty scalps, the naked and
mangled bodies alone were found, men, horses, oxen, wagons piled
in a confused and undistinguishable mass at the base of the cliff.
The little rivulet falling into the glen was crimsoned with blood and
has received the name of Bloody Run. The drummer boy Matthews
long lived to tell the tale, dying at Queenston aged ninety, and we
find the name of Stedman afterwards as owning a large tract of land
at the Falls.

No summary punishment of the Senecas ensued, and at the
collapse ot Pontiac's bold schemes they were so fearful of it for their
outrages that they were anxious to make terms with the British, and
at a meeting at Fort Niagara in 1764, Sir Wm. Johnson whose
astuteness in dealing with them never failed, succeeded in making a
treaty with the Indians by whi -h they granted all the land on each
side of the river There had been a previous meeting at Johnson
Hall of 400. They had promised to give up prisoners. This meet-
ing was a wonderful sight, on the 8th of July in answer to the call
aent out there assembled over 2000 of whom 1700 were warriors.
Wigwams dotted the plain. From Nova Scotia, Lake Superior, the
Mississippi, Hudson Bay, different tribes in different dress and it
took all the skill of Sir Wm , and it was no little, to keep the peace
and preserve order among savages hostile to one another and many of

them to the English. The Senecas came late but kept their promise of
bringing in prisoners> and ratified the treaty made at Johnson Hal),
giving ia addition the islands in the Niagara river to Johnson him-
self, who shortly after made them over to the crown. There must
have been a laige force of soldieis too as Bradstreet had joined John-
son's 550 Iroquois warriors, all had marched to Fort Niagara for
this meeting.

Now comes the troublous period of the American Revolution
when for a number of years this was the spot where refugees took
shelter, where Indians were fed at immense expense by the British
government, the spot whence expeditions went out to rescue prisonf
ers or to execute vengeance, where Indian captives were ransomed*
During part of this time there lived here Col. John Butler, Sir Wm.
Johnson, Molly Brant, Col. Guy Johnson, Chief Brant or Thyeri-
egea. These names are handed down in American h'storiei as
monsters of cruelty. One says "the infamous tory Col. John Butler
and his still more infamous son Walter Butler" and the poe£ Camp-
bell in Gertrude of Wyoming uses the phrase the Monster Brant, as
partaking in the slaughter, while it is well known he was not present.
-Capt. John Brant, his son, when in England visited the poet and con-
clusively proved this, but no vindication was given except a fe*r
lines in fine print in a foot note and the obnoxious passage still re-
mains in the poem. It is well known also that Col Butler showed
every kindness possible to prisoners, saved many lives and restrained
all that was in his power the Indians, but in the lust of battle the
passions are inflamed and men "see red." Both parties availed
themselves of the aid of the Indians. In the passionate denuncia-
tion of Lord Chatham for the use of the Indians we must remem-
ber that part of his zeal was political, just as now in England, Caua
da and the neighboring republic the party out of power avail them-
selves of every weapon legitimate or otherwise to attack those in
power. Col Butler in 1777 heard of a party of fugitives, thirty one
in number, consisting of women and children who had to flee from
the ill treatment of the Revolutionists, had them brought to Fort
Niagara for safety, and it is said there was only one pair of shoes in
the whole party. The names of Secord, Nelles, Rowe and Buck are
given. In the story 1782, of the Gilbert Captivity a household of
eleven having bf en brought as captivas from Pennsylvania several
were purchased from the Indians, a boy visited his sister living at
the home of John Secord where she was well treated. Another was
ransomed by Col. Butler and sent to the Fort for safety and the
whole party were eventually restored to their homes by the kindness
of British officers. Mrs. Campbell was brought as a prisoner to the

fort where she stayed a year while negotiations were going on for
an exchange for the wife of Col. Butler held a prisoner in Albany.
Three of Mrs. Campbell's children were rescued from the Senecas
and she found the fourth in Montreal where they were exchanged
for the family of Col. Butler. Although the Treaty of peace was
made in 1783, Fort Niagara was not given up till 1796, two reasons
being given, one that the U. S. government was not ready to receive
and garrison the forts, the other that the British kept them as host-
ages as it were for the refusal to allow U, E. Loyalists to colleco
the sums owing them. Jay's treaty of 1794 provided that those dis-
possessed of their property who had been loyal to the king and taken
refuge in Canada, should be recompensed, but this part of the treaty
was repudiated by the U. S. Government. However, Britain hon-
orably gave up the forts the last but one, (Michilimackinac) sur-
rendered being Niagara llth August, 1796 The day fixed was the
1st Tune, but the U. S. Government was noi ready. Compli
ments were paid in the American papers to the English Officers
for their friendly attentions, the extensive gardens being left
in full bearing. A plan of 1801 shows these extending along
the lake front where the English dug their trenches and planted
their batteries in 1759. The period of thirteen years is called
"the hold over period," and all this will explain why Simcoe
removed his capital to York. The little Canadian history used
to say, this was done on account of the frontier position of Ni-
agara. I always said, well, why did he make it his capital ?
But the fort on the opposite side was then a British fort and the
boundaries had not been settled. At the opening of Parliament
1795, the Duke Rochefoucauld de Liancourt who spent nineteen
days at Navy Hall with Governor Simcoe, waiting for permission to
visit Lower Canda, states that a guard cama over every morning
and that be visited the fort with Simcoe, who however was an un-
willing and unfrequent visitor as he knew it would eventually be
given up. Among the documents of the Historical Society is an ac-
count book belonging to the fort in 1796, after it was given up, one
article of which is barrels of whiskey.

The next striking event in the history of the Fort is the war
of 1812, a pretty little story is told of General Bro k that on the pre-
vious Sunday in bidding good bye to some American officers from
the Fort who had come over to service in St. Mark's church, he
kissed two little girls of Dr. West saying "good bye my little rosy
cheeked girls, the next time we. meet it may be as enemies." On the
morning of the 13th Oct., he sent orders from Queenston to bom-
bard Fort Niagara and this was so effectual that the garrison left

and our forces started to cross to take possession, but rfeturned see-
ing the return of the forces. A story is told of the bravery of a
woman, Mrs. Doyle in defence of the Fort, taking the place of her
husband a prisoner. Minute guns were firad as a mark of icspect
at the hour of the funeral of General Brock on the 16th Oct. On
the 26th May, 1813, the guns from the Fort gave assistance to the
force attacking Niagara. On another occasion red hot shot set on
fire the jail and courthouse in which were many prisoners. St.
Andrew's Church was destroyed by fire about 10th September be-
fore the general conflagration 10th December, 1813.

After the retreat of the Americans and tha burning of Ni-
agara, our forces which had been advancing marched in and on the
18th December crossed over and took possession of the Fort, Col.
Murray was the leader with him was Captain Hamilton, the guides
were said to be Daniel Field and Jas. McFarland, the boats started
from a few miles up the river, the struggle was a short one and tha
occupants of the fort awoke to find themselves prisoners. Partisan
accounts tell that those in the hospital were murdered, put to
death by our soldiers. One account, however, in telling of tha
bravery of tbesa men says that they even rose from tbeir beds in the
hospital to fight in which case they were combatants and of course
suffered as such The commander of the fort Col. Leonard, had
spent the night some miles off with his family and only returned to
find the British flag flying. The fort remained on the possession ef
the British during the year 1814, and was given up in the conclusion
of peace in March 1815. Although the treaty of Ghent was De-
cember, 1814, word did not reach this continent till January, 1815,
or the British disastrous attack on New Orleans might have been
avoided.

The next event of importance is the story of the abduction
and disappearance of Morgan which caused great excitement and
caused much ill leeling against the Free Masons. The story is that
Win. Morgan wrote a book betraying the secrets of Free Masonry,
that he was arrested for some slight offence, placed in Canandaigua
jail, brought from thence to Fort Niagara and disappeared, it being
commonly believed that he was taken out in a boat and thrown into
the lake. This was in 1826. Gidding's almanac of 1826 gives the
trial of the abductors. So strong was the feeling that in some
places a society was formed of women who promised not to marry
Masons, but it is not probable this promise was long kept

There are many legends told of the fort, one trrdition being
that in the centra of the Mess house there was a well and on the
curb might sometimes be seen a headless Freuch officer who pre-

sumbably had been murdered and thrown into the well. Another
was that treasure of gold and silver had been buried at the fort. S.
DeVeax says: "The dungeon of the Mess House called the Black
Hole, was a strong, dark and dismal place and in one corner was
fixed the apparatus for strangling victims. The walls of the dungeon
from top to bottom had engraved on them French names chiseled
out in good style showing that tha prisoners were no common per-
sons. These were seen as late as 1812. The dungeon is a room
6x18 feet by 10 feet high, the well of the castle was in it and wais
at one time poisoned so that the wacer could not be used."

A sad story is that at the capture of the fort in 1759, one of
the Iroquois besiegers found among the captured garrison an inti-
mate friend named Moncourt, and thinking that he would be put to
death with torture, said: "Brother, I am in despair at seeing you
dead, but take heart, I'll prevent you being tortured," struck the
Frenchman dead with his tomahawk.

Of the interior life of the fort we have a pretty domestic
picture in the biography of Mrs. Isabella Marshall Graham, born in
Scotland, who became the wife of Dr. Graham of the 60th Regtsi
which in 1767 was ordered to Fort Niagara. She was a deeply
religious woman and it is mentioned that in the four years of her
residence at the Fort, she had no opportunity of hearing the Gospel
preached, yet maintained a deeply spiritual life. She on the Sab-
bath Would wander in the woods, bible in hand In a letter written
in 1771, she gives' this picture of her life: "My two Indian girls
come on ^ ery well indeed, the e'dest milked the cows all summer,
she washes and irons all the clothes of the family, scrubo the floors
and does most of the kitchen work. The young one's charge is the
children. I teach them to read and sew when they have any spare
time I make and mend for I have to be tailor, mantau maker and
milliner. In the forenoon the Doctor makes his rounds. In the
afternoon he reada when I can attend. As I am at present the only
wife in the place we have a regular tea table and now and then a little
frugal supper. We are easy in our circumstances and want for
nothing that is necessary," She then goes on to express her fear
of War, tells of the visit of the Chief of the Senecas whose daughter
who was not well was brought to the Doctor and the kindness she
showed them giving presents while the Doctor would take DO fee,
she then says '-who knows but these little services may some day
save our scalps," Mrs, Graham always considered the tim3 spent
here as the happiest part of her life, the officers were amiable
men, the ladies united in ties of friendship, In 1772 the regiment
'.yas ordered to Antigua where in little more than a year, her hus-

band died and she was left almost destitute. She returned to
Scotland, taught a ladies' boarding school in Edinburgh remarkable
for the wonderful results both as regards a superior education and
religious life, came to New York where she was the founder of a
Widow's Society, an Orphan's Asylum, did much for the Bible and
Missionary Societies and also much benevolent work among female
converts and in hospitals and Sunday Schools, died in 1814 aged 72
having lived a life of usefulness and devotion, her loss being spoken
of by magistrates and charitable institutions. Her letters are most
spiritual and she seems to have possessed what may be called sancti-
fied common sense. She is interesting to us as giving the only
fragment of domestic life in the history of Fort Niagara which had
for so many years been a coveted possession by two great nations
as the ministers and statesmen of France and England aided by
their armies had exerted all their powers of diplomacy and military
skill to obtain possession.

The fort was originally built, not on the edge of the bluff,
but at least a hundred feet away from both river and lake find it is
said that an orchard of peach trees stood where now the water rolls.

The use ef the name Niagara is often very confusing as fre-
quently in early documents the word Niagara is used for Fort
Niagara, just as now the word Niagara is often used when Niagara Falls
is meant. Little Niagara then meant the upper end of the portage
from Lewiston to Fort Schlosser. The doing away with the names
Manchester, Clifton, Suspension Bridge, Lrummondville and the
substitution of Niagara Falls, Niagara Falls South, Niagara Falls
Centre, Niagara Fall?, N. Y., makes at the present time confusion
worse confounded.

The Masonic body record the fact that at Fort Niagara the
first lodge was held in this vicinity by the King's 8th Regiment
which was stationed here from 1773 to 1784. Certificates of mem-
bership in this lodge are held by descendants of Henry Nelles, H.
W. Nelles in 1780 and Daniel Servos in 1784. Buttons of the
King's 8th are still found at Niagara, Fort Niagara and Lundy's
Lane where they fought on that dreadful night for possession of the
hill on which the Presbyterian church stands, nor did the struggle
end till midnight.

Another event connected with the Fort is the duel which
took place there between Mr. Dickson and Mr. Weekes mentioned
in the Oracle for Oct. Ilth. 1806, resulting in the death of Mr.
Weekes, Barrister and M. P. for York, etc. At the funeral were
present Ralfe Clench, J, Swayzie, Kobt. Nelles, Dr. West, Surgeon
at Fort Niagara, Dr. Thomas 41st Regiment, Dr. Muirhead Niagara.

Surely we live in a better age than when men thought themselves
obliged by a code of honor to lose their lives thus.

The military graveyard near the Fort is an interesting God's
acre. Here no doubt lie buried French, British and American
soldiers. There are no inscriptions which go back farther than tho
war of 1812. The present military authorities have now a new
cemetery. I said *'\Vhy do you not bury in the old graveyard ? "
The reply was '*we do not *rish to disturb the dead as whenever a
now grave was dug we came upon the bones of those long ago
buried." The inscription on an altar stone is peculiar
"Sergeant Amasa Snow died April, 1829.
Here lies brave Snow full six feet deep
Whose heart would melt when caused to weep
Though winter's blast may freeza his frame
Yet death's cold grasp can't chill his fame."
The curious mingling of the words Snow, melt, freeze and
chill is at least ingenious if not poetic. It was near this that the
story runs that the stone to Gen. Prideaux was seen.

A singular trace is fouud here of the American occupation of
Fort George and perhaps of history farther back still A young
Frenchman, perhaps a son of those of that nationality who helped
the Thirteen colonies to gain their independence.

"Ici repose. Marie Vincent Boisaubin Lieutenent et
adjutant dans le regiment d'artillerie legere des Etats Unis
decede au Fort George le 13me aout 1813 a 1'age de 22
ans, Ami fidele fils tendre et sincere comment nous consoles
d'une perte si severe."

A large monument bears this comprehensive inscription:
"Erected to the memory of unknown soldiers and
sailors of the United States killed in action or dying of
wounds in this vicinity during the war of 1812."

A cenotaph erected later is still more comprehensive as it
will include French, British and U. S,:

"To the memory of unknown officers and enlisted
men who fought in the early Indian wars on the frontier
and also in the Revolutionary War, whose remains are in-
terred in this cemetery."

"To the memory of John Christie (son of the late
Major ]as. Christie of the Rev. Army) Colonel of the 23rd
Infantry, Inspector of the Northern Division of ihe U. S.
Army died at Lewiston, July 23rd, 1813, -aged 25 years,
6 mos, 19 days."

From the unsanitary condition of the camp many of the

troops during the American occupation of Niagara were removed to
I higher ground at Lewiston.

"Sacred to the memory of Adjt. Thos. Poe, Penn.
Vol., who nobly died for his country at Lundy's Lane, July
26th, 1814."

This burial must have taken place while Fort Niagara waa
in the hands of the British.

A ^ ery interesting ceremony took place in July, 1911. The
remains of soldiers of the Kings's 8th had been found and were
buried by 29th Regiment N. Y., a detachment from the Military
Camp at Niagara. Gen. Cotton and many of his suite assisting, two
chaplains from our camp acted with the U, S. Chaplain. Much
discussion ensued as to whether the King's 8th were there in 1759
or not. It is certain they were present in 1774 and 1780 and that
they came to America in 1769. It was a beautiful thought for the
two countries to thus unite and was perhaps a friendly return for a
similar ceremony at Lundy's Lane when U. S. troops united with
the 44th Battalion in burying remains of American Soldiers found
at Lundy's Lane,

Kodak views were taken, one, of the four pall bearers of
29th U. S , another of lowering into the grave the remains, another
showing two chaplains of our forces in their robes, another with
General Cotton with staff meeting Major Syer of the 29th Infantry,
United States,

The authorities I have consulted h»ve been the Documentary
History ot New York, Stone's Life ef Si*\ Win. Johnson, Hon.
Peter A, Porter, History of Niagara County, N. Y., Marshall of
Buffalo, Parkman, Col. Cruikshank, Gilbert Family Captivity, John
Ross Robertson, Dr. Scadding, Wm Kirby, Dean Harris. Dr.
Coyne, S. P G. Journal, Life of Isabella Graham by American
Tract Society and other werks.

The Paschal of the Great Pinch

An episoda in the history of Fort Niagara; being an extract
from the hitherto unknown Memoirs of the Chevalier de Tregay
Lieutenant under the Sieur de Troyes commanding at Fort Denon.
ville (now called Niagara) in the year of Starvation, 1687, with
Captain Desbergeres at that remote fortress from the joyful Easter
of 1688, till its abandonment. Soldier of His Excellency the Sieur
de Brissay, Marquis de Denonville, Governor and Lieut. General in
New France and humble Servitor of His Serene Majesty, Louis
XIV.

Done into inadequate English by

FRANK H. SEVERANCE.

The following vivid picture of early days in Fort Niagara was
written by Mr. Frank Severance, Secretary of the Buffalo Historical Society,
and appeared in the Buffalo Express, April J8th, 1897, and by the kind per-
mission of Mr. Severance is reprinted here. Although it owes much to the
imaginative powers and the skilful pea of the writer it presents such a true
picture of that sad year, the historical setting being so strictly accurate that
it may find a place in an historical pamphlet.

It has been my lot to suffer in many far parts of the earth;
to bleed a little and go hungry for the Ki:ig, to lie freezing for
fame and France — and gain nothing thereby but a destemper, but
so it is to be a soldier.

And I have seen trouble in my day, I have fought in
Flanders on an empty stomach and have burned my brain among
the Spaniards, so that I could neither tight nor run away; but of all
the heavy employment I ever knew naught can compare with what
befel in the remote parts of New France, where I was with the
troops that the Marquis de Denonville took through the wilderness
into the cantons of the Iroquois and afterwards employed to build a
stockade and cabins at the mouth of the Strait of Niagara on the
east side in the way when they go a beaver hunting. "Fort Denon
ville" the Sieur de Brissay decreed it should be called, for he held
great hopes of the service which it should do him against both the
Iroquois and the English; but aow that he has fallen into the dis-

Cross erected in 1688. Farewell of French Sokliers at Fort Niagara, N. Y.

favor that has ever been the reward of faithful service in this ac
cursed land, his name is no more given even to that unhappy spot,
rather it is called Fort Niagara.

There were some hundreds of us all told that reached that
fair plateau after we left the river of the Senecas. It was midsum-
mer of the year of grace, 1687, and we made at first a pleasant
camp gome what overlooking the great lake, while to the west side
of the point the great river made good haven for our batteaux and
canoes. There was a fine stir of air at night so that we slept whole
somely and the wounded began to mend at a great rate. And of a
truth though I have adventured in many lands, I have seen no spot
which in all its demesne offered a fairer prospect to a man of taste.
On the north of us, like the great sea itself, lay the Lake Ontario,
which en a summer morning when touched by a little wind, with
the sun aslant was like the lapis lazuli I have seen in the King's
palace — very blue, yet all bright with white and gold, The river
behind the camp ran mightily strong, yet for the most part glassy
and green — like the precious green stone the lapidaries call bird-
antique. Behind us to the south lay the forest and four leagues
away rose the triple mountains wherein is the great fall; but these
are not such mountains as we have in Italy and Spain, being more of
the nature of a great table land, making an exceeding hard portage
to reach the Strait of Erie above the great fall. It was truly a most
fit place for a fort and the Marquis de Denonville let none in his
command rest day or night until we had made a fortification in part
of earth surrounded by palisades which the soldiers cut in the
woods. There was much of hazard and fatigue in this work for the
wholp plain about the fort had no trees so that some of us went into
the forest along the shore to the eastward and some cut their sticks
ou the west side of the river. It was hard work getting them up
the high bank; but so pressed were we somewhat by fear of an
attack and even more by the zeal of our commander that in three
days we had built there a pretty good fort with four bastions, where
we put two great guns and some pattareras. and wa had begun to
build some cabins on the four sides of the square in the middle of it,
and as we worked our number was constantly diminished; for the
Sieur de Luth and Duranlaye with that one handed Chevalier de
Tonty of whom they tell so much and our allies the Savages who
had come from the Illinois to join the Governor in his assault upon
the Iroquois, as soon as their wounded were able to be moved took
themselves off up the Niagara and over the mountain portage I have
spoken of, for they kept a post and place of trade at the Detroit
and at Michilimackinac. And then presently the Marquis himself

and all wbom he would let go sailed away around the great'lake for
Montreal. But he ordered that an hundred officers and men stay
behind to hold this new tort Denonville. He had placed in com-
mand over us the Sieur de Troyes of whom it would not become me
to speak in anywise ill.

There were sour looks and sad as the main force marched
to the batteaux. But the Marquis did not choose to heed anything
of that, we were put on parade for the embarkation — though we
made a sorry show of it, for there were even more rags than lace o*
good leather — and his Excellency spoke a farewell word in the hear-
ing of us all.

"You are to complete your quarters with all convenient ex-
pediency," be said to De Troyes who stood attention before us.
"There will be no lack of provisions sent. You have here in these
waters the finest fish in the world. There is naught to fear from
these Iroquois wasps — have we not just torn to pieces their nests?"

He said this with a fine bravado though methought be lacked
somewhat of sincerity, for surely scattered wasps might pro\ e
troublesome enough to those of us who stayed behind. But De
Troyes made no reply and saluted gravely. And so with a jaunty
word about the pleasant spot where we were to abide and a light
promise to send fresh troops in the spring the General took himself
off and we were left behind to look out for the wasps. As the bo^ts
passed the sandbar and turned to skirt the lake shore to the west-
ward we gave them a salute of musketry; but De Troyes raised his
hand — although the great Marquis was yet in sight and almost in
hailing distance and forbade another discharge. "Save your
powder," was all he said and the very brevity of it seemed to mean
more than many words and put us into a low mood for that whole
day.

Now for a time that followed there was work enough to keep
each man busy which is best tor all who are in this trade of war
especially in the wilderness. It was on the third of August that M.
de Brissay left us, he having sent off some of the militia ahead of
him; and he bade M. de Vaudreuil stay behind for a space to help
the Sieur de Troyes complete the fort and cabins and this he did
right ably for as all Canada and the King himself knows M. de
Vaudreuil was a man of exceeding great energy and resources in
these matters. There was a vast deal of fetching and carrying, of
hewing and sawing and framing. And notwithstanding that the
sun of that climate was desperately hot the men worked with good
hearts, so that there was soon furnished an excellent lodgement for
the Commandant; with a chimney of sticks and clay and boards ar-

ranged with a sort of bedstead; and this M. de Troyes shared with
M. de Vaudreuil until such time as the latter gentleman quit us.
There were three other cabins built with chimneys, doors and little
windows We also constructed a baking house with a large oven
and chimney, partly covered with boards and the remainder with
hurdles And clay. We also built an extension framed building
without chimney and a large store house with pillars eight feet high
and made from time to time yet other constructions for the men and
goods — though Dieu defend ! we had spare room for both soon
enough. In the square in the midst of the buildings we digged a
well and although the water was sweet enough yet from the first for
lack of proper curbing aud protection it was ever much riled and
impure when we drew it, a detriment alike to health and cooking.

JV1. de Vaudreuil seeing us at last well roofed and having di-
rected for a little the getting of a store of firewood made his adieux.
Even then in those fine August days a spirit of discontent was
among us and more than one spark of a soldier who at the firat camp
had been hot upon staying on the Niagara, sought now to be taken
in M de Vaudreuil's escort. But that gentleman replied that he
wished to make a good report of us all to the Governor and that for
his part he hoped he might come to us early in the spring with the
promised detachment of troops. And so we parted.

Now the spring before when we had all followed the Marquis
de Denonville across Lake Ontario, to harass the cantons of the
Iroquois, this establishment of a post on the Niagara was assuredly
a part of that gentleman's plan. It is not for me, who am but a
mere lieutenant of marines, to show how a great commander should
conduct his expeditions; yet I do declare that while there was no
lack of provisions made for killing such of the savages as would
permit it, there was next to none for maintaining troops who were
to be left penaed up in the savages' country. We who were left at
Fort Denonville had but few matlocks or even axes. Of ammuni-
tion there was none too much. In the Senecas' country we had des-
troyed thousands of minots of corn (about 3 bushels) but had brought
along scarce a week's rations of it to this corner We had none of
us gone A soldiering with our pockets full of seed, and even if we
had brought ample store of corn and pumpkin seed, of lentils and
salad plants the season was too late to have done much in gardening.
We made some feeble attempts at it; but no rain fell, the earth
baked undsr the sun so hard that great cracks came in it; and what
few shoots of corn and pumpkins thrust upward through the parched
soil withered away before any strengthening juices came in them.
To hunt far from the *brt we durst not save in considerable parties,

so that if we made ourselves safe from the savages we also made
every other living thing safe from us. To fish was well nigh our
only resource, but although many of our men labored diligently at it
they met with but indifferent returns. Thus it was that our most
ardent hopes, our very life itself hung upon the coming of the
promised supplies. There was joy at the fort when at length the
sail of the little bark was seen, Sieur de Troyes who had grown ex-
ceeding grave and melancholy took on again something o! his wonted
spirit. But we were not quite yet to be succored for it was the
season of the most light and trifling airs, so that the bark for two
days hung idly on the shining lake some leagues away from the
mouth of the river while we idled and fretted like children impatient
for her coming. When once we had her within the bar there was
no time lost in unloading. It was a poor soldier indeed who
could not work to secure the comfort of his own belly, and the
score was so ample that we felt secur« for the winter, come what
might The bark that fetched these things bad been so delayed by
the calms that she weighed and sailed with the first favoring breeze,
and it was not until her sail had fallen below the horizon that we
faintly had sight or smell of what she had brought.

From the first the stores proved bad, still wr made shift to
use the best eked out with what the near by forest and river afford-
ed. For many weeks we saw no foes. There was little work to
do and the men idled through the days with no word on their lips
but to complain of the food and wish tor spring. When the frosts
began to fall we had a more vigorous spell of it, but now for the
first time appeared the Iroquois wasps. One of our parties which
had gone toward the great fall of the Niagara lost two men, those
who returned reported that their comrades were taken all un-
awares by the savages. Another party seeking game to the east-
ward where a stream cuts through the high bank on its way to
the lake never came back at all. Here we found their bodies
and buried them; but their sealps after the manner of these people
had been taken.

Christmas drew on, but never was a sorrier season kept by
soldiers of France. De Troyes had fallen ill. Naught ailed him
that we could see save low spirits and a thinning of the blood which
made him too weak to walk. The Father Jean de Lamberville who
had stayed with us and who wculd have been our hope and con-
solation in those days, very early fell desperate ill of a distemper
so that the men had not the help of his minstrations and holy ex-
ample. Others there were who tither from feebleness or lack of
discipline openly refused their daily duty and went unpunished.

We had fair store of brandy; and on Christmas eve those of us
who still held some soul for sport essayed to lighten the hour.
We brewed a comfortable draught, built the blaze high for the
frosts were getting exceeding sharp, gathered is many as could
be had of officers and worthy men into our cabin and made brave
to sin?* the songs of France. And now here was a strange thing;
that while the hardiest and soundest amongst us had made good
show of cheer, had eaten the' vile food and tried to speak lightly
of our ills, no sooner did we hear our own voices in the songs
that carried us back to the pleasantness of our native land than
we fell a sobbing and weeping like children; which weakness I
attribute to the distemper that was already in our blood.

For the days that followed I have no heart to set down
much. We never went without the palisades except we'll guarded
to fetch fire wood. This duty indeed made the burden of every day.
A prodigious stcre of wood was needed for the cold surpassed any
thing I had ever known. The snow fell heavily and there were
storms when for days the gale drave straight across our bleak
plateau. There was no blood in us to withstand the icy blasts. Do
what we would the chill of the tomb was in the cabins where the
men lay. The wood (hoppers one day facing such a storm fell in
the deep drifts just outside the gate. None durst go out to them.
The second day the wolves found them — and we saw it all !

There was not a charge of powder left in the fort. There
was not a mouthful of fit food. The biscuits had from the first been
full of worms and weevils. The salted meat either from the admix-
ture ot sea water through leaky casks or from other cause was rotten
beyond the power even of a starving man to hold.

Le Scorbut broke out. I had see.i it on shipboard and knew
the signs. De Troyes now seldom left his cabin and when in the
way of duty I made my devoirs and he asked after the men, I made
shift to hide the truth, but it could not be for long.

"My poor fellows," he sighed one day as he turned feebly on
his couch of planks. "It must -be with all as it is with me — see,
look here de Tregay, do you know the sign? and he bared his
shrunken arm and side. Indeed I knew the signs — the dry pallid
skin with the purple blotches and indurations. He saw I was at a
loss for words.

"Sang de Dieu !" he cried, "is this what soldiers of France
must come to for the glory of — " He stopped short as if lacking
spirit to go on, '-Now I bethink me," he added in a melancholy
voice, "it is what soldiers must come to." Than after a while he
asked, "How many dead today D« Tregay ?"

How many dead? From a garrison of gallant men-at-arms
we had become a charnal house. In six weeks we had lost 60 men.
From a huudred at the beginning of autumn we were now scarce
forty and February was not gone. We brought the firewood arid
we buried the dead— picking the frozen clocls with infinite toil that
we might lay the bones of our comrades beyond the reach of wolves.
Sometimes it was the scurvy, sometimes it was the cold, sometimes
methinks it was naught but a weak will — or as we say the broken
heart; but it mattered not it was the same. More than 20 died in
March and although we were now but a handful of skeletons and
accustomed to death, I had no thought of sorrow or of grief, so
dulled had my spirit become until one morning I found the brave
De Troyes drawing with frightful pains his dying breath. With
the name of a maid he loved upon bis lips the light went out — and
with heavy heart I buried him in that crowded ground fain 1 would
have lain down with him.

And now with our commander under the snow what little
spirit burned in the best of us seemed to die down, I too bore the
signs of the distemper yet to no great extent, for of all the garrison
I had labored by exercise to keep myself wholesome and in the
woods I had tasted of barks and buds and roots of little herbs ho-
ping to find something akin in its juices to the herb de scorbut which
I have known to cure sick sailors. But now I gave over these last
efforts for life; for thought I, spring is tardy in these latitudes.
Many weeks must yet pass before the Noble Marquid at Montreal
(where comforts are) will care to send the promised troop. And the
western savages our allies the Illinois, the Ottawais, the Miamis,
were they not coming to succor us here and to raid the Iroquois
cantons ? But of what account is the savage word.

So I thought and I turned myself on my pallet I listened.
There was no sound in all the place save the beating of a sleet.
41 It is appointed," I said within me. "Let the end come." And
presently being numb with the cold I thought I was on a sunny
hillside in Anjou. It was the time of the grape harvest and the
snell of the vines, laughter and sunshine filled the air, young lads
a id maids, playmates of my boyhood days came and took me by the
hand. * * * * A tinge of pain made the vision pass, I
opened my eyes upon a huge savage painted and bedaubed after
their fashion. It was the grip of his vast fist that had brought me
back from Anjou

"The Iroquois ' then 1 thought "have learned of our ex-
tremity and have broken in to finish all. So much the better," and
I was for sinking back upon the boards when the savage took from

a little pouch a handful of the parched corn which they carry on
their expeditions. "Eat" he said in the language of the Miamis,
and then I knew that relief had come — and I knew no more for a
space.

Now this was Michitouka himself, who had led his *rar party
from beyond Lake Erie where the Chevalier de Tority and De Luth
were to see how we fared at Fort Denonville and to make an ex-
pedition against the Senecaa — of whom we saw no more from the
time the Miamis arrived. There were of all our garrison but twelve
not dead and among those who threw off the distemper was Father
de Lambtrville. His recovery gave us the greatest joy. He lay
for many weeks at the very verge of the grave and it was marvelous
to all to see his skin which had been so empurpled and full of malig-
nant hnmors come wholsome and fair again. I have often remarked
in this hard country that of all Europeans the Fathers of the Holy
Orders may be brought nearest to death and yet regain their wonted
health. They have the same prejudice lor life that the wildest
savage has, but as for the rest of us who are neither savage nor
holy, it is by a slim chance that we live at all.

Now the Father and two or three of the others who had the
strength to risk it, set out with a part of Michitouka's people to
Cataracouy and Montreal to carry the news of our extremity, and
on a soft Apiil day as we looked over the lake we saw a sail and we
knew that we had kept the fort until the relief company was sent aa
had been commanded. But it had been a great pinch. * * *

Now I am come to that which after all I chiefly set out to
write down, for I have ever held that great woes should be passed
over with few words, but it is meet to dwell upon the hours of glad-
ness. And this hour was now arrived when we saw approach the
new commandant, the Sieur Desbergeres, captain of one of the
companies of the detachment of the Marines, and with him the
Father Millet of the Society of Jesus. There was a goodly company
whose names are well writ in the history of the New France the
Sieur de la Mothe, La Rabelle and others, besides a host ef fine
fellows of the commou rank, with fresh food that meant life to us.

Of all who came that day it was the Father Millet who did
the most. The very morning that he landed we knelt about him
at Mass, and scarce had he rested in his cabin than he marked a
spot in the midst of the square where a cross should stand, and bade-
as many as could get about fche hewing of it, and although 1 was yec
feeble and might rest as I liked, I choose to share in the work foe
so I found my pleasure. A fair straight oak was felled and well
hewn arid with infiniep toil the timber was taken within the pali-

sades and further dressed; and while the carpenters toiled to mortise
the cross piece and fastened it with pins, Father Millet himself traced
upon the arms the symbols for the legend

REGNAT. VINCIT 1MPERAT CHRISTUS

and these letters were well cut into the wood, in the midst of them
being the sign of the Sacred Heart. We had it well inide and a
place dug for it on a Thursday, and the next morning, which was
Good Friday, the Rev. Father placed his little portable altar in the
midst of the square where we all officers and men and even some o?
the Miamis who were yet with us, assembled for the mass There
we raised the great cross arid planted it firmly in the midst of the
little square. The se^iceof the blessing of it lay hold of my mind
mightily for my fancy was that this great sign of victory h?id sprung
from the graves where de Troyes and four score of my comrades
lay, and being in the tender mood (for I was still weak in body)
the words which the Father read from his breviary seemed to rest
the more clearly in my mind "Adjutoriura nostrum in nooiini
Domini." Father Millet had a good voice with a sort of tenderness
in it so that we were everyone disposed to such silence and attention
that I could even hear the little waves lapping the shore below the
fort. And when he began with the "Oramus.'' "Rogamus te Domine
sancte Pater omnipotens," I was that moved by the joy of it and
my own memories that I \\ept — and I a soldier! It may be believed
that the Sunday which followed which was the Paschal was kept by
us with such worship and rejoicing as had never yet been known in
these remote parts. Holy men had been en that river before it is
true, but none had abode there for long, nor had any set up so
great a cross, nor had there ever such new life come to men as we
knew at Fort Denonville that Easter. For a space all things went
well. What with the season, for spring ever inspires men to new
undertakings and the bitter lessons learned in the great pinch of the
past winter we were no more an idle set, but kept all at work and
well. Yet the Iroquois pestered us vastly being sent there by the
English who cliimed this spot, And in September there came that
pilot Maheut, bringing his bark La General ever the shoal at the
river's mouth all unexpected, and she was scarce anchored in the
little roadstead than Dusbergeresknew he was to abandon all. Jt was
eaut.e of chagrin to the great Marquis, I mi.ke no doubt thus to drop
the prize he had so tried to hold, but some of us in the fort had no
stomach for another winter on the Niagara and we made haste to
execute the orders which the Marquis de Denonville had sent We
put the guns on board La General We set the gate open and tore
down the rows of pales on the south and east sides of the square.

Indeed the wind had long ago begun this work so that toward the
lake the pales (being but little set in the earth) had fallen or leaned
over so that they could readily have been scaled or broken through.
But as the Oi'der was we left the cabins and quarters standing with
doors ajar to welcome who might come, Iroquois or wolf, for there
was naught within. But Father Millet took down from above the
door of his cabin the little sun dial. "The shadaw of the great
cross falls divers ways" was his saying.

Early the next morning being the 15th of September of the
year 1688, being ready for the embarkation. Father Millet sum-
moned us to the last mass he might say in the place. It was a sad
morning for the clouds hung heavy, the lake was of a somber and
forbidding cast, and the very touch in the air forbode autumnal
gales. As we knelt around the cross for the last time the ensign
brought the standards which Desbergeres had kept and holding the
staves knelt also. Certain Miami's too, who were about to make the
Niagara Portage stayed to see what the priest might do. And at
the end of the office Father Millet did an uncommon thing for he
was mightily moved. He turned from us toward the cross and
throwing wide his arms spoke the last word "Amen "

There was both gladness and sorrow in our hearts as we em*
barked. Lake and ' sky took on the hue of lead forboding storm.
We durst carry but little sail and at the sunset hour were scarce a
league off shore. As it chanced Father Millet and I stood together
on the deck and gazed through the gloom toward the dark
coast While we thus stocd there came a rift betwixt the banked
clouds to the west so that the sun just as it slipped from sight
lighted those Niagara shores and we saw but for an instant above
the blackness and desolation the great cross as in fire or blood gleam
red.

Col. Daniel MacDougal

And Valuable Documents.

In gathering together fragments of the history of the town it
has been a disappointment that so little could be obtained of individ-.
ual history, the story of the men who helped in the advancement of
the town. In examining letters relating to laying the foundation-
stone of the cenotaph which marks the spot where General Brock
fell, placed by King Edward V II, then Prince of Wales, in i860, it
was found that many of those letters were addressed to Col. MacDou-
gal who was one of the Commijtee arid the one who- lived nearest
the spot, his opinion being much deferred to, it was thought that we
should gather while we may all that could be obtained of the history
of one who had fought in many battles of the war of 1812, whose
commission can be seen signed by General Brock as also the permis-
sion for him to raise a company in Glengarry signed by E. MacDonell,
Prescoti; who held many positions of trust, who was a property own-
er in the town .since 1819, who lived a life of honorable integrity
and who died here in a good old age respected by all who knew him.
Many in town remember the stately form of the old veteran who to
the day of his death carried a bullet in his body from the field of
Lundy's Lane.

Various letters from Sir Allan MacNab, W. Thomas the.
Architect, Capt. Stanton, Judge McLean, Bishop MacDonell, have
been loaned by Mrs. Newton daughter of Col MacDougal, In read-
iug these letters, one of very great interest was found wiitten by
Archibald McLean who had taken part in the batiles of Queenstori
Heights being one of the York Volunteers. His opinion bad been
asked by Sir Allan MacNab as to the exact spot where Sir Isaac
Brock fell but he confessed that he could give no information as to
the exact spot but instead gives an account of what he had seen of
the day's righting which to us is exceedingly interesting, written
fifty years after the contest and now brought to light after another
fifty years.

Daniel MacDougal, (the name was really Ponuil) belonged to
a family noted in the history of Scotland, descended f»*om the Mac-
Dougals of Lome, mentioned io a foot note in Scott's Lord of the

Isles, the grandfather having been killed afc Culloden in 1746. Dan-
iel was born in 1782 near Inverness and came with his parents to
Glengarry at the age of four years. We know the county was settl-
ed almost entirely by Highlanders, the centenary of their coming
was held in 1884 as recorded in the Montreal Witness at great
length with many curious and interesting particulars. His wife was
also of Scottish birth Helen MacNab whose mother was a MacDonell.
Miles and Vngus MacDonell were Captains in the King's Royal
New York Regiment many of which regiment settled in Glengarry
the brothers each received 2000 acres o( land near Ottawa, Mrs.
MacNab's will left valuable property in Ottawa to her daughter Mrs.
MacDougal. The regiment to which Col. MacDougal belonged was
the Glengarry Light Infantry in which he was first an ensign and
afterwards a Lieutenant, but his rank as Colonel was in th« First
Lincoln Militia Regiment. He took part in the attack and capture
of Ogdensburg in 1813 the force marching across the river on the
ice after Prescott had been attacked by the U. S. troops and many
of the inhabitants carried away as prisoners. A letter of Col. Mac-
Doneli refers to this. He was not present at *the battle of Queen-
ston Heights bnt was at Fort George when the town was taken and
was with our troops at the Twelve Mile Creek and came with the
advanced guard when the town was in conflagration. The lAte Mrs.
Rogers said to Mr Newton, "The first time I saw your grandfather
Was seeing him leading the soldiers trying to put out the fire when
our house was burning." This was the mother of Mr. John Rogers
who carried on the extensive wholesale business in the large brick
building erected in 1833, supplying goods to all the country around
even Toronto at times The families have been neighbors fifty years.
At the battle of Lundy's Lane 25th July, 1814, Col. MacDougal re-
ceived seven wounds and lay all night on the field of battle and in
the military despatch was reported "Lt. MacDougal mortally wound-
ed." His two brothers Angus and Kenneth were in the battle,
Angus was wounded and taken prisoner. Many medical certificates,
show that for many years Col. MacDougal was under the care of
different physicians the wound in his throat and lungs causing much
suffering. A letter from Bishop MacDonell shows the interest tak-
en in him and in the visits in after years of that dignitary of the
Roman Catholic Church who did so much for his people he was al-
ways entertained at the home of Col. MacDougal.

His health being restored he took part at the time of the Re-
bellion, raising a separate company of veterans for the relief of To-
ronto and the flag used is still in possession of the family. At a
much later day when an aged man he reviewed a French Company

here in 1865 when troops were called out to protect the frontier at
the time of the St. Albau's Raid.

As showing the esteem in which Col. MacDougal was held he
was appointed one of the Commissioners in 1840, and for many years
held the honorable and responsible position of Treasurer for the
united counties of Lincoln, VVelland and Haldimand. The letters
and documents herewith printed show the esteem in which he was
held and the confidence reposed in him, that of Bishop MacDonell
as a friend, those of Sir Allan MacNab and Sir John Colborne, of
,the position he held in the community. The medical certificates <tre
interesting as giving the names of the army doctors at that time and
the complicated steps necessary to obtain pensions, the commissions
as giving the names of officials and the super-abundant wording and
tiresome tautology and repetition of such documents. The steps
taken to ascertain the exact spot where Brock fell confirm to us the
statements often repeated that a mistake was made and the careless-
ness and indifference shown in the phrase in one of the letters "we
will all swear to it" makes us still more doubtful as to the selection
made. The letter of Judge McLean never before printed is parti-
cularly interesting and valuable being the account of an eyewitness
and participant a man of education and fitted to give an intelligent
and unbiassed account of what took place on that memorable day.
Although written nearly fifty years after the event described it may
be relied on as the statement of a legal mind trained in giving and
receiving evidence and weighing well every circumstance anJ we
feel confident the clear active miud of the young York Volunteer
would retain a vivid recollection of his own part for he is very care-
ful to give only what he had actmally witnessed or heard.

Letter authorizing Daniel MacDougal to enlist men for service
in the war of 1612-14

Sir: — You are hereby authorized and empowered to engage
and enlist men for a Regt. of incorporated militia to sen e during
the present war with the United States of America and to have the
same pay and allowance with His Majesty's Forces, but subject to
the Militia laws.

E. MacDONELL

Prescott, 20th March 1813
To Danl. MacDougal, Gent.

lesd

•

COL. DANIEL MAcDOUGAL

Letter of Bishop Macdonell

Glengarry, 30th Aug., 1814
Dear Sir:—

T Deceived your letter from York some time after the arrival
of your Cor^s at that place on their way up. I spoke to the Adjt.«
Gen. Col. Harvey and to the lale Col Drummond in your behalf
when I was last at Kingston and I could with little solicitation have
obtained a commission for you in another corps, but as the campaign
was then only beginning and likely to be a serious one I was advised
to defer all further application till the close of it, as it might even,
tually prove of equal advantage to you to serve in your present corps
in the mean time as in »ny other and the event has so far justified
the observation

I would now wish to know from yourself whether there are
hopes of a complete and perfect cure, from yo*:r wounds so as to ren-
der you fit for a close service for the time to come and if not what
else you think \\ould suit you best. It would be proper for you to
have a certificate from your commanding officer both of y^ur coil-
duct rnd the nature of your wounds <fec.

Your parents and the rest of your family are very well, to
their prayers and to that of your friends I believe you are as much
indebted for your recovery as to the skill of your Physician and the
power of medicine. I remain very sincerely, Dear Sir, yours

ALEXB. MACDONELL
Lt. Donald McDougal

Col. D. McDougal's Certificates as to his wounds, at battle of
Lundy's Lane.

Adjt. General's Office
Quebec, 25th Sept., 1815

General Order

No. 2. The Lieutenant General Commanding the Forces dir-
rects the following letter to be published in orders for general infor-
mation.

War Office, 31st July, 1815

Sir :—

I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of
the 6th Jan., last requesting to be furnished with instructions res
pecting the claims for compensation made to you by Officers wound-
ed in action and to acquaint you that such applications should be

made to me accompanied by a report by a medical Board of officers
and certificates from commanding officers of Regiments showing the
nature and effects of wounds and occasion on which received. I
have the honor to be
Sir

Your most obt. servant
(Signed)

PALMERSTON

Lt. Gen. Drummond
&c. &c.

Quebec
True Copy

R P

Major of Brigade U. C.

Certificate of Dr. Powell

I, Grant Powell, Surgeon, do hereby certify that I have care-
fully examined Daniel McDougal of Niagara late Lieutenant in the
Incorporated Regiment of Militia and that in. consequence of being
wounded the said Daniel McDougal is incapable of earning a live-
lihood.

Given under my hand at York, this 5th day of August, 1816

GRANT POWELL, Surgeon.

Report of the Medical Board on the wounds of Lt. McDougal
of the late Incorporated Militia, Fort George, 7th Mar. 1816.
Prin _e Regent's Pension

Proceedings of a Medical Board held by order of Lieut. Col.
McDonell, Inspecting Field Officer of Militia Commanding Niagara
Frontier to examine and report upon such cases as might be brought
before him.

Surgeon Moore, Canadian Regt,, President
Assistant Surgeon Robertson, Canadian Regt.
Hospital Assistant Member, White

The Board having duly assembled in observance of the above
order to examine Lieut. Daniel McDougal of the Incorporated Mili-
tia of Upper Canada who was severely wounded in action with the
enemy at Lundy's Lane near the Falls of Niagara on the 25th
July, 1814.

The Board proceeded to examine minutely the wounds recaiv-
ed by Lt. Daniel McDougal and find they are severe both in the

body and extremities and hereby his health has been so injured that
it is their opinion he is rendered incapable of future active exertion
and think it equally prejudicial to his habit of body with the loss
of a limb.

Regimental Hospital Thos, Moore Surgeon

Fort George Canadian Canadian Regt. President

Regt. 7th March, 1816 I. Robertson, Asst. Sugt. Can. Regt.

M. White Hospital asst,

I htreby certify that I have examined Lt. McDougal and find
that he has been severely wounded as above mentioned.

I. WRIGHT

I. H.

I hereby certify that the above is a true copy of a certificate
of J. Wright, Esq, Inspector of Army Hospitals in Canada annexed
to the Proceedings and Reports of a Medical Board of which this is
a Duplicate deposited in the Lieut. Governor's Office.

Lt. Governor's Office EDW. MacMAHON

York, 26th Nov., 1816 Ast. Secty.

Statement of Sir. Peregrine Miitland
Lt. Governor of U. Canada

I do hereby certify that James Kerby, Esq., was Major and
Grant Powell, Surgeon, of the late Battalion of Incorporates Militia
o? Upper Canada and that due faith and credit may be given to their
certificates.

Given under my hand and seal at home this thirteenth day of
July, 1820.

By His Excellency's Command, Sec.

P. MAITLAND.

Grant Powell's in 1820

I do hereby certify that Daniel McDougal, Lieutenant in the
late Battalion of Incorporated Militia of Upper Canada, was severe-
ly wounded in action with the United States Army at Luridy's Lane
on the 25th day of July, 1814.
York, July 18bh, 1820 GRANT POWELL

Surgeon late Incorporated Militia,

J. Sampson, 104th Regt.

Kingston, Aug 20, 1821

I certify that Mr. D. McDougal, late Lieut, in the Incorpor-
ated Militia has been several times during the last four years under
my care while laboring under a serious pulmonic affection the conse-
quence of a musket shot which he received in the Thorax, at the ac-
tion of Lundy's Lane on the 25th July, 1814. He first appealed to
me in Sept., 1817, at which time he had a distressing cough with
Hemoptysis and great constitutional disturbance.

J. SAMPSON

Asst. Surgeon, late 104th Regt.

Dr. Reid's Certificate

Fort George, 24th Vug., 1821

I certify that Lieut. McDougal of the late Provincial Militia
has been under my care for several months in consequence of gener-
al indisposition resulting from several wounds received in the action
at Luudy's Lane. 'The particular effects of those wounds which
penetrated the cavity of the Thorax appear to me to become daily
more alarming — the most trifling exertion brings on Hemoptysis or
Epistaxis and I have found it necessary to empty large and frequent
bleedings together with Digitalis Submurias Hydrargyri and Sulphu-
ric Acid in order to equalize the circulation and arrest the progress
of a disease which has so often threatened a fatal termination.

JAMES RtlD

Surgeon 68th Regt.

Permission to assemble a Medical Board

Office of Government

York, 8th Sept., 1821

Having laid before the Lt Governor your petition praying an
order for an extra meeting of the Medical Board to examine and re-
port upon the state of the wounds received by you while on service
during the late war, I am directed in the absence of Mr. Secretary
Hillier to signify to you that under the circumstances stated by you
His Excellency had no objection to such meeting of the Board, pro-
vided you can prevail with the gentlemen composing it to assemble.
Lt. Daniel McDougal EDVV MacMAHON

Certificate of Edw. MacMahon

I certify that Lt. McDougal of the late Incorporated Militia
has been heretofore in the receipt of a pension agreeably to his rank

ler authority of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent and the
report of a Militaiy Medical Board appointed by Doctor Wright,
Principal Medieal Officer in Canada.
York, 6th Sept, 1821 EDW. MacMAHON

Government Office

The reply of Sir John Colborne to the address of the people
of Niagara which had been sent by Col. McDougal as shown by the
following.

Montreal, 8th March, 1836
Sir :—

I have had the honor to receive the address from the Inhabi-
tants of the Town and Township of Niagara which you have been
deputed to forward to me

The expression of the favorable opinion of the Inhabitants of
the Town and Township of Niagara of my proceedings during the
Administration of my Govt. of the Upper Pro\ ince cannot but be
highly gratifying to me, and I beg that you will have the goodness
to convey to them my best thanks for their address, with the assur-
ance that I shall ever take a lively interest in their welfare and pros-
perty, and with many thanks for their kind wishes for myself and
family, I remain very faithfully yours

D. McDougal, Esq., J. COLBORNE

Niagara

The document appointing Col. McDougal to take recognizan-
ces of Bail, Affidavits, etc., is remarkable as being signed by four
judges, the Honorable John Beverly Robinson, Hon. J. Buchanan
Macauley, Hon. Archibald McLean, Hon. Ch. A Hagerman signed
as below, "In witness thereof we have set our hands and the Seal of
the Court of Qneen's Branch in and for the Province of Canada at
Toronto this fourteenth day of August one thousand eight hundred
and forty one and on the fifth year of Her Majesty's reign.

J. B. ROBINSON J.
J B. MACAULAY J.
A, McLEAN J.

CH. A. HAGERMAN

The commission of Robert Dickson, James Muirhead and
Daniel McDougal as Commissioners of Customs for the District of
Niagara is signed by J. Colborne in 1830 while that appointing Dan-
iel McDougal, Robert Melville oi Niagara, and David Thorburn of

Queenston is signed by Sir. Geo. Arthur in 1840 and the commission
appointing Col. McDougal Treasurer of the District of Niagara in
1842 is signed by Sir Charles Bagot. As an example of the profuse
and overflowing verbiage of such documents we may copy part of
the two last.

"Now know ye therefore that Daniel McDougal of the Town
of Niagara, in the District of Niagara, of our Province of Canada,
Esquire, having given such good and sufficient security as is required
by the said Act. We having full confidence in the Loyalty, Integ-
rity and ability of him, the said Daniel McDougal, have constituted
and appointed and do by these Presents and by virtue of the power
vested in us by the said Act constitute and appoint him the said
Daniel McDougal to be our District Treasurer of and for the
District of Niagara of that part of our said province formerly Upper
Canada to have, hold, exercise *»nd enjoy the rights, powers and
authorities by the said Act vested in the office of District Treasurer
of the said District together with all the privileges, advantages and
^emoluments thereunto belonging or in any way appertaining unto
him the said Daniel McDougal

In testimony whereof we have caused these Our Letters to be
made Patent and the Great Seal of Our Province of Canada here-
unto affixed. Witness our Right, Trusty and Well Beloved Sir
Charles Bagot, G. C. B., one of Our most Honorable Privy Council,
Governor General of British North America and Captain General
and Governor in Chief in and over Our Provinces of Canada, Nova
.Scotia, New Brunswick, aad the Island of Prince Edward and Vice-
Admiral of the same &c., &c., &c., at Kingston this twenty second
tday of March in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and forty-two and in the fifth year of our reign."

The Commission to the Commissioners of Customs sounds
strangely to our ears now "Whereas by an Act of the Parliament of Our
; Province of Upper Canada passed in the fourth year of the reign of
His late Majesty King George the Fourth entitled an Act to repeal
an Act past in the foity-fiist year of His late Majesty's reign called
"An Act for granting to His Majesty, His Heirs and successors to
and for the uses of this Province the like duties on goods and
merchandize brought into this country from the United States of
America as are now paid on goods imported from Great Britain and
other places * * * and to provide more effectually for the collection
and payment of duties on goods * and also to establish a fund for
the erection and repairing of "L:ghthouses" * * that it shall and may
be lawful for the Governor, Lieutenant Governor or person admin-
istering the Government of Our said Province from time to time to

appoint in each and every district three Commissioners of Customs,
any two of whom shall be a quorum to hear and determine in a summary
way all informations exhibited before them for the condemnation of
any goods, wares or merchandize seized or forfeited under the provi«
sions of the said Act, when the value thereof together with the vessel,
boat, raft or carriage in or upon which the same shall be found shall
not exceed forty pounds, rnd also to determine the penalties to be
recovered under the said Act,

Now, know ye, that being assured of your loyalty, integrity
and ability, we have assigned, constituted and appointed and by
these presents under the authority of the above recited Act, do assign,
constitute and appoint yuu the said Daniel McDougal, Robert Mel-
ville and David Thorburn to be Commissioners of Customs in and
for the District of Niagara with full power and authority to you or
any two of you to do and receive all such things as are by the said
Act provided and enjoined to be done and received. To have and
to hold the said office together with all and singular the rights,
privileges, fees and advantages thereunto belonging and appertaining.
Hereby enjoining you or any two of you that at certain days and
places you do meet to hear and determine all singular such matters
as shall be lawfully brought before you. AND WE DO HEREBY
COMMAND all Sheriffs, Bailiffs, Constables and other officers
within our said District of Niagara, to obey and execute all such
orders and precepts as shall be sent to them or any of them by you
or any two of you in the execution of the powers vested in you by
the said Act."

Letter from A. McLean to Sir Allan McNab as a participant
in the battle of Queenston Heights.

Toronto, July 22nd, 1860
My Dear Sir Allan:

I received your note last night too late to be answered and
now in answering it, I am sorry that I can not give you any infor-
mation on the poiut to which it relates. I saw General Brock on his
way from Niagara to Queenston a little after daylight. I was in
charge of a battery east of what was called Vrooman's Battery, hav-
ing taken charge on the alarm beisg given as the officer on duty at
Brown's Point and when the General came within hail he called out
to me. "Why don't you fire that Gun?" I explained immediately
that I had fired it repeatedly, but that the balls always fell short and
that I had discontinued in consequence. H^ said *'It can't be
helped," and put spurs to his horse and galloped away for Queenston.
Soon after his V, D. C's McDonell and Glegg came up as fast as

their horses could carry them, and soon after them my companions
of York Militia came trotting up from Brown's Point. I asked if I
should join my company and was mortified in receiving a reply "no —
«tay where you are." After the companies had left, the batteries at
Brown's Point had opened fire at some Dragoons who were seen
on the opposite side of the river and our friend (J. B. R.) now
Chief Justice was sent to order the batteries to cease firing as it
might induce a belief at Queenaton that a landing of the enemy was
to be attempted at Brown's Point. When he came running up to
overtake his company, I forgot the order to "stay where I was" and
throwing off the wrapper which I found useful on duty during the
night we made what speed we could to overtake our comp inies and
joined them just as they were turning into the grounds about the
house in which Mr. Hamilton had resided. We were soon under
fire on the bank of the river and did our best to prevent any further
landing on our shore, but were not long engaged there when we
were ordered up the hill with the view of trying to recover possession
of the heights. The order was immediately obeyed and in march-
ing through the main street of Queenston, Gray's Battery which
really had a very formidable appearance on the edge of the Height
on the American side gave us an occasional salute without doing us
any mischief. In going up the road towards St. Davids for some
distance to gain a place of easier ascent, two field pieces on the
American side had a glorious opportunity of raking us and they tried
it — but fortunately without effect — not « man was touched. We
ascended the Heights and on the top found a part of the Light
Company of the 49th with Captain Williams. On the way up the
hill 1 heard it mentioned that General Brock was killed and fearing
that the men might be discouraged by the sad intelligence, I told
them not to believe it — the fact, however, was soon put beyond
doubt by a soldier of the 41st, a servant of Lt. Crowther who was
stationed in some capacity in Queenston who said, "Indeed, Sir. he is
dead, for I helped to carry his body into a house myself." We
formed on the top of the hill with the 49th on our right and ad-
vanced and engaged the enemy. Some one said to Lt. Col McDonell
that General Brock was killed, arid I heard his reply "yes, and we
must revenge his death." A short contest however in which poor
McUonell received his death wound and Capt. Williams and myself
and a good many men were severely though not dangerously wound-
ed, proved that the enemy had at least four times our number of
men, and our small force was obliged to retire. Gen, Sheaffe and
the 41st came up from Niagara and ascended the hill near St.
Davias and being joined by a company of the 41st and some Militia

from Chipp* wa they then advanced upon the enemy, The firing
was very brief, the enemy between 8 and 900 strong fled down the
hill and General Scott now Commander in Chief of the U, S. Army,
then Lt. Col. Scott advanced with a flag of truce and announ ed
their surrender. Some Indians who had pressed forward had put
him in bodily fear and he begged for God's Sake that Robinson
and oui old friend S. P. Jarvis who were near would save him from
the savages— which they had no great difficulty in do ng In the
evening after the prisoners had been marched off to Niagara a wag-
gon happened to be passing the house where I was after having my
wound dressed and I asked for a passage to my quarters at Brown's
Point which was readily given. It was in charge of a fine loyal old
fellow Isaac Swayzie and contained the body of him whom I had
seen in the morning in full health and strength hastening to the
scene of Action to meet the Enemies of his country. I wa» not with
him when he fell and I am not aware that the place was ever point-
ed out to me, nor can I at this distance of time name or point out
any individual who is likely to know the precise spot. There is no
doubt that at the time he was at the head of a party of his old Regi-
ment the 49th advancing, with a view of retaking the Flattery of
which the Enemy had got possession by surprise at the commence-
ment of the attack. The position of the battery must I think be well
known and he was not at any very great distance from it — advanc-
ing from Queenston when he was shot down.

I have you see given instead of a dry negative answer to your
inquiry, a slight sketch of my experience on the memorable day at
Queenston Heights. I fear it will be impossible to find the spot on
which General Brock fell and that we must be content with coming
as near as possible.

I think there were no Militia with him at the time and if
there were, many of them must now be dead and there is not much
chance of finding any who would recollect the particular place. I
hope you will not think me tedious — In haste yours very truiy

A. MCLEAN"

Sir Allen McNab, Bart,

Hamilton

Dundurn, 30th July, 1860
My dear MacDougal

As we are preparing the obolisk to mark the spot where
Brock f -11 we find the greatest difficulty in ascertaining the exact
spot. I hope that you will assist us in getting such information as

will direct us to the right spot, Hoping that you may be in good
order for the presentation of the address of the old fellows of last
war believe me ever yours most truly

ALLAN MacNAB

In a letter to Sir Allan dated 1st August Mr. W. Thomas the
architect tells that he had gone to see Mr. Merritt hi St. Catharines
but had obtained no information from him. Mr. Street had also
been written to but would not take the responsibility of marking the
spot Mr. Wadsworth of Queenston asserted that a stake had been
in for years showing the spot which he could identify pretty nearly.
He also asks if old Major Brown of Queenston who was at the bat-
tle would not know anything about it. In another letter dated To-
ronto 4th Aug to Sir Allan he says "I have been talking to Mr.
Macdonell here, a cousin of the A. D. C. Macdonell who fell at
Queenston and he referred me to a Mr. Wright who was at the bat-
tle and near the General when he fell, he says he can point out the
spot, that it is close to the River Road, one block west of the Front
Road facing the river or Wynn'a Tavern. The rirst thing to do is
to find the corner of Mr. Hamilton's property, south side of the road,
the last letter is given in full,

Torontc, Aug. 9th, Ib60
Sir Allan MacNab, Bart.
Dear Sir:—

I was over at Queenston yesterday with Mr. Worthington
and ascertained the spot according to the best testimony we could
obtain irorn Mr. Wynn, Mr. Brown an j Mr. Wadsworth. I have
made a sketch to show how they compare with the statements of Mr
Wright who places it in the spot marked X, Mr. Wynn places it
at C. Mr Brown at B and Mr. Wadsworth at A. Now these three
opinions would place it in a very bid situation and in private prop-
erty which is in Chancery, I feel inclined to a^ree with Mr. Wright
and place it at X."

Letter of Col. Macdonell who commanded at Ogdensburg,
written to Col. McDougal on his retirement.

Toronto. 15th Aug., 1836
My Dear Colonel

-—• In accepting your resignation of the command of the 1st Lin-

coln Militia, it was due to you that I should mention to the Adjut-
ant General your services during the late war with the U. S. and the
late Rebellion, Ogdensbough with the Glengarry Militia where we

both escaped broken heads— the Incorporated Militia and Lundy's
Lane where you did nob escape so well— and he thanked me for the
Information. The general order is, what y^ur services and loyalty
merit. Wishing you many years to enjoy your retirement (although
in the event of an emergency you and I might not be idle spectators
still) and with kind regard? to Mrs, McDougal and the family, I re-
main my dear Colonel yours most faithfully.

D. MACDONELL
Lieut. Col. D. Macdougall

Several letters to Sir. Allan MacNab and from him and oth-
ers to Col. MacDougal refer to the proper position for the stone to
mark where Brook fell and several rough sketches were made.

Toronto, 16th Aug., 1860
My dear Sir

I regret that engagements here will prevent my being with
you at Queenston tomorrow morning. I saw Mr. Thomas a few
days since and had some conversation with him about the sketch I
had sent to Sir Ulan. From what he had gathered from other
sources the spot (or nearly) where Gen. Brock fell tallied so closely
that I think you will have little difficulty in fixing the place for the
stoni to be erected. JVlr Ttismas, I suppose, will be with you to-
morrow and will give you the further account he had from Mr.
Wright who was near the Hero when he was struck, J shall hear
from Quebec soon where the address is to be presented and as this
is known 1 will communicate with him for such arrangements as it
may be necessary to make. We are having a very handsome box
with inscription to put the address in, something creditable. Yours
very trr.ly

R. STANTON
D. McDougal, Esq

Niagara

Toronto 2bth July, 1860
My. dear Sir Allan

I have heard that you have been making inquiry about the
spot where Brock fell. The enclosed I have given with hope that it
may aid in fixing the place. The sketch I have hastily made from
memory and I believe you will find almost every one naming near the
thorn bush as the spot. The stone tavern was near at hand and T
saw the body there myself The sketch is rough, as it is does not

pretend to give distances or exact relative position of different
points. If ic helps you however in anyway I shall be glad.
Yours sincerely

R STANTON
Sir Allan MacNab

Hamilton

Dundurn, 10th Aug , 1860
My dear Colonel

I enclose you all the information I have been able to obtain
and I think you had better call a meeting of all who can furnish in-
formation worth having — and determine on the spot —if you cannot
hit the Bull's Eye — come as near as possible and we will all swear
that's the identical spot Telegraph for Thomas the Architect to
attend the meeting, I enclose you his letteis. I am obliged to leave'
for Quebec on Monday morning and will be glad to hear from you
then. Any information that I obtain there and which will be useful
to you I will communicaja Yours verv truly

ALLAN MacNAB

A letter dated 27th July 1860 from Geo. Flayter who had
charge of the grounds informs Sir Allan that Mr. Robinson has tak-
en possession of the spring called Brock's spring to take the water
to his house and asks if he has any right to do it.

On the 18th September, 1860, the Steamer Peerless, com-
missioned by Capt. Dick, left Torunto at the early hour of live
o'clock, yet with 500 passengers, a motley gathering of civil and
military, volunteer rifles, a Highland company, Yorkville cavalry
and many veterans of 1812, dressed many of them in the unifoima
of their times, Ri\ al pipers appeared and in the Knguige of the
newspaper account of the day the air seemed alive with the shrillest
and oiost maddening music that ever was invented, At Port Dal-
housie a company of St. Catharines Rifles joined them with a band,
and at Niagara another addition was made and on nearing Queen-
ston it was seen that the heights were dark with people. A proces-
sion was formed up the steep winding ro*d. Hun ireds af wagons
were to be seen under the shade of trees. At the foot of the plat-
form were ranged the heroes of 1812, some in their old uniforms,
almost all with medals on their breasts, very jealous of their position,
There were present Col. Kingsmill, Col. MacDougal, J. C. Ball, Col.
Kerby, two or three had taken part in the battle, from Toronto Elou.
J, B. Robinson, Judge MeLean, Sir Allan MacNab, Mr R, Stanton,
Hon. W. H. Merritt, R. Woodruff, Col. Clark, Cel. Street, Col.

Deriison, His Lordship the Bishop of Toronto At 11 o'clock the
Prince arrived amidst loud cheering An address was read by J. B.
Robinson presented by Mr. Stanton, the Secretary of the
Committee. In die reply of the Prince we S3e the germ even then
of the qualities which gave him the well deserved title in after years
of the Peace Maker. "I trust Canada will never want such volun-
teers as those who fought in the last war, nor volunteers without
such leaders. But no less the more fervently I pray that your sons
and your gnmdsons may never be called upon to add other laurels
to those you have so gallantly won."

A procession was then formed again headed by a band to
reach the spot near the foot of the mountain, by a circuitous route to
place the foundation-stone of the cenotaph to mark the spot tthere
Gen. Brock fell, but the great majority took a short cut down the
Heights to reach the spot before the procession and men, women
and children crossed fences, ditches and rough ground, some old
veterans hobbling along, an irresistible human stream. The cere-
mony was performed with the usual forms. The Prince embarked
on the Zimmerman under Capt. JVfilloy for Niagara where addresses
were presented at the wharf, fruit and flowers were presented by a
member of our society, then Miss Marjory McMuIlen, a tiny little
girl, now Mrs. Bottomley, and in return the young Prince kissed her,
the usual return for such acts of courtesy by children.

Letters of 1812 Contributed

by Col. Cruikshank, F. R. S. C.

Never before published, from tbe Archives, Ottawa.

Draft of letter from General Sheaffe to Major General Van
Kensselaer.

Fort George, 13th October, 1812.

Sir: — I have the honor of acknowledging the receipt of your
communication of date, and was pleased to learn at the same time
that the officer commanding at Queenston had acceded to your pro-
posal of sending surgeons to that post for the aid of the wounded
prisoners, (though the attention of our suigeons might have pre-
vented' their suffering from the delay that might ha> e been occaaion-
ed by his waiting for my sanction), without incurring the delay that
would have been occasioned by a reference to me, but as our means
of affording assistance to them as well to our own wounded may be
inadequate, I beg leave to propose that the wounded prisoners whose
cases may admit of removal should be sent over to you on condition
of not serving again until regularly exchanged.

Though the proposition which I had the honer of making to
you to day did not go the extent that, by some mistake, you were
led to suppose, yet I readily concur with you in agree ng to a cessa-
tion of firing for three days and I transmit orders to that effect to
the officers commanding at the several posts on this line.

P. S. Hth October, 1812
Having delayed sending the accompanying to give General
VVadsworth and the other officois who are prisoners an opportunity
of (sending) writing for some necessary articles, I have the honor at
the same time to propose an exchange of prisoners including those
who were taken some days ago in the two vessels cut out from Ft.
Erie harbor I have further to propose, Sir, that the militia taken
prisoners, excluding the number that may be exchanged, shall be
restored to their homes and families under an engagement not to
serve against Great Britem or her allies during the war or until
regularly exchanged.

(Canadian Archives, C. 688, B, Pp, 179 180)
The words in brackets have been struck out an \ those follow-
ing substituted.

Draft of a letter from Major General Sheaffe to Brig. General
Smith.

Fort George, 17th Oct., 1812.

Sir: — I have the honor of acknowledging the receipt of, your
note of this date and regret that I have made a proposition to you
that you find it necessary to reject, especially as it was made at the
particular request of B. General Wadsworth. As that has failed I
presume that the prior agreement respecting the Indian in question
which was entered into by Colonel Winder still retains its force, and
that the Indian will be seat back to morrow. Not having yet heard
of the return of the prisoner? who were to hare been sent over from
Buffalo or Black Rock early this morning according to the assurance
given by Col. Winder and for whom prisoners hare been already
sent as an exchange, I request that if they have been intentionally
detained, that you will be pleased to inform me of the cause.

Mr. Hamilton who has bten some time detained at Buffalo,
has brothers and other near relations in this ricinity, who have
heard some accounts of his health by which they are much alarmed.
I. therefore, permit one of his brothers to go over with a flag to
Buffalo to obtain some information of him, and I beg leave to propose
that Mr. Hamilton shall be allowed to return to his friends, an
officer of a rank that muy be deemed equivalent, being released from
his parole in exchange for him.

(Can\dian Archives, C. 6«8 B, Pp, 133-4.)

From Brig. General Smyth to Major General Sheaffe.

Head Quarters of the Army of the Centre
Camp near Lewiston, 18 October, 1812.

Sir: — Your letter dated yesterday, I have this moment bad
the honor to receive.

In the agreement respecting the exchange of prisoners signed
by Colonel Winder and Major Evans there is nothing said of the
Indian chief, but any verbal agreement entered into by Colonel
Winder will be fulfilled.

Col. Winder addressed a note to Genl. V. Rensselaer stating
that you estimated the Indian chief as equal to a militia major arid
requesting instructions.

I propose to exchange the Indian chief for the 24 men, 7
women, 6 children taken at Chicago or such of them as were not
butchered.

The prisoners at Buffalo have not been intentionally detained.
The transfer of command has prevented fche order being given for
their release. It shall be immediately given.

The conduct of Mr. Hamilton, particularly in attempting to
cross to Canada by night alone, would perhaps justify us in treating
him as a spy. But willing to proceed in a liberal manner I accept
your proposition for his exchange. The deli acy of his situation and
the importance of his connexion, will justify me in estimating him
equal to a captain of regular troops.

For the master-commandant of the Detroit alias Adams, I.
expect a captain of regulars in exchange, 1 think he ranks so by
your regulations, For Mr. Carr, Lt. of Marines and Mr, Molloy
you will please to release Lieutenants Totton and Randolph.

I am very sorry that at the moment I am writing this des-
patch, a British prisoner is found exploring the camp, having left his*
quarters about a mile distant. I havt- placed him in close confine-
ment,

As I am averse to taking a single life or occasioning a single
rnlamity without an object, I propose a further continuance of the
Armistice indefinitely, each party having a right to terminate it,:
giving thirty hours notice to the other party, the armistice to extend
along the frontier from the Lake Erie to Lake Ontario.
(Canadian Archives, C 688 B, Pp. 141-3)

Draft of a letter from Major General Sheaffe to Brig. Gener
al Smyth,

Fort George, 18th October, 1812.

Sir: — I have the honor of acknowledging the receipt of your
communication by Captain King, Assistant Inspector General.

That there was nothing said of the Indian Chief in the agree-
ment for an exchange ot prisoners signed by Colonol Winder and
Major Evans was owing to a supposition on the part of the latter
that the case was already provided for by a special agreement be-
tween Colonel Winder and myself; that an Indian was taken prisoner
having been mentioned in a conversation before those two officers
began the discussion of the subTect on which they were to treat (and
I was so strongly impressed with the idea that the exchange was
finally settled that I gave an assurance to his friends that he was to
be restored.) With regard to your proposition to exchange the
Indian chiet for the men, women and children, or such of them as
(were not butchered) may survive, I infinitely regret, Sir, that it is
not within my power to restore them all without conditions. In
(the transaction to which you allude) operations against that place,
neither the British Government nor the influence of its officer, nor a
British force was concerned, or probably your present proposition
would be needless. I must therefore disclaim any authority to make

(any) stipulations regarding them, but whatever may be in my
power towards obtaining the restoration of the survivors to their
friends, I shall most joyfully do, unconnected with the present sub-
ject of discussion.

(I cwinot admit it as a principle though Mr. Hamilton's con-
duct during his detention may not have been in some respects justi-
fiable, yet I conceive that having beon provided with a passpott his
attempt-) There are (particular) circustannes perhaps in Mr. Ham-
ilton's case that (make me desirous of avoiding discussion) I am uot
qualified to discuss and as t am anxious for his returning into the
bosom of a family that has suffered so much on his account, I am
willing to grant more than perhaps ought to be deemed an equival-
ent for him.

The late commander of the Detroit belonging to the provin-
cial marine, ranks with us only as a Lieut, of the regular troops.
Mr. Molloy's rank is inferior to that of a Lieut , but, Sir, I am de-
sirous that the opening of a correspondence between us should be
marked by a spirit of liberality, conformably with which 1 propose
that for Mr- Hamilton, Commr. Rolette, Lt. Kerr, Mr. Molloy
and the Indian chief, there should be returned to you two captains
of regular troops, the the two Lieuts. you have named and Lt.
Smith who took the Indian chief and the Mr. Smith already offer-
ed with him, or a major of militia as originally proposed or if
you have uny substitute to n^me I beg that you will make it known
to me.

As my sentiments perfectly accoid with those you express in
the opening of your proposal for continuing the armistice, I assent
to its being prolonged indefinitely, each party having a right to
terminate it, giving thirty hours previous notice.

I am extremely sorry to hear that a British prisoner has been
so indiscreet as to render himself liable to punishment. I hope that
he has erred from ignorance and that an enquiry into the case will
satisfy you that it was so.

(Canadian Archives, C 688 B, Pp. 137 40)

N.B. — The words enclosed in brackets have been struck out.

From Charles Askin to John Askin.

Niagara, Wednesday, October 14th, 1812
Dear Father: —

Yesterday I am happy to say a great victory was gained by
us over the Americans at Queenston, bnt it is a dear bought victory
for our ever to be lamented General was killed. The action com-

mencod about one hour before daylight rnd continued till three or
four o'clock in the afternoon. Early in the day the General re-
ceived a wound and I believe never spoke a word after. When the
Americans first came over there were only two companies of the
49th ragiment and two or three companies of militia to oppose them.
In one of the companies of the 49th Win. Robertson went with Mr.
Robt. Grant as volunteer and distinguished himself very much.
The Americans opened a battery on us and we threw over shells
and cannonaded them as much as we could, but not to much eftect
for they continued coming over. The militia and 49th being engaged
so much were soon much reduced by their killed and wounded. When
information was given to the General that the Americans were get-
ting on the mountain, he immediately ordered Col. McDonell to
collect what men he could find and oppose them for at this time the
49th and militia were in diffb parties. About 40 men were collect-
ed. They ran up the mountain and foun i about two or three hund-
red American regulars there well formed. VVm. R. who was at the
head of the 40 men ran foi ward and called out to the Americans
"Now, we will be aty0u." But the Americans immediately fired at
them and obliged our men to retire down the hill. We had a battery
half way up the mountain which was but weakly guarded. The
General was there and was obliged to leave it, and the Americans
took possession of it. It was soon after this that the General got
the wound which killed bim. The Americans had possession of
part of Queenston tor some time and kept it as well as the battery
and were busy bringing over their men as fast as they could, till re-
inforcements from this place and Chippawa of the 41st, the militia
and the Indians, formed as 1 understand on the mountain, and at-
tacked them so vigorously that they ran down the mountain as fast
as they could and ma je for the river to get over and some attempted
to swim when the American general on the other side seeing
what a perilous situation they were in, sent over a flag of truce and
they all surrendered prisoners of war They were 'ill marched
down to this place and got here about sundown. They came over
to breakfast on this side, but I believe it was a day of fasting with
them, There are about six hundred men taken and nearly fifty
officers. One company of riflemen hid made their way into the
woods and remained all night. We heard this morning that the
Indians were after them and a party of the 41st and militia are sent
tins morning to protect them, which I must say they hardly deserve.
Had they not surrendered they must have all been driven into the
liver for they fled before our men, the grenadiers ot the 41st wriD
"were anxious to retrieve their character were very anxious to charge

them, but they ran before them so fust that they never could get up
to them and went down what you might almost call precipices to get
out of the way of our meu. What number of our men were lost I
cannot say, but there are few considering the time they were en-
gaged, I think we have lost about sixty men and only one officer
which was poor General Brock. Col. McDone.ll is dangerously
wounded and several officers of the 49th are wounded but not badly.
The Americans I think must have lost more than a hundred and I
am told se\ eral of thf ir officers were killed, at least six or seven.
\mong those taken are General Wacisworth, Cols. Allen, Van Ran-
selaer & Scott and some other Cels.

When the Americans were first coming over about 80 who
were in a scow were so galled by the fire from a few of the 49th
Regt that they begged for quarter and were taken prisoners. I saw
a great many of the prisoners, one half of whom are militia, these
were anxious to know and were in hopes of being allowed to go
home as the militia taken at Detroit were, but when told they would
have to go to Quebec, they were not very well pleased. Had they
an idea of it there are not many of them would have put their foot
on this shore. I regret much that I could not share in the honor of
this victory. After my arrival at Queenston I was confined to my
bed with boils and was for two days that I could not get up to my meals,
nor could I hardly sit up in bed for the worst of the boils and the
last broke the day before they came over. I was lying at George
Hamilton's when we were first attacked and went from that to
Robert's as well as I could, there I remained about an hour, but
finding the Americans were gaining ground, I thought that as I
could not run, that I should get out of their way if I could and went
to a village about 2j/2 miles back and from that I came down here
to get arms for some men that were there.

I have not time to write more or I would and paper is so
scarce here that I can hardly get a slu.et. This I had to beg.

The flank companies of the Newfoundland Fencibles are on
their way to Amherstburg. I think there are nearly two hundred of
them.

(Canadian Archives, Askin Papers,

Confederate Blockade Runner "The Chicora
Now Flying the Canadian Flag, 1911,
Niagara Navigation Co.

BY A. J. CLARK

Sailing under the Canadian flag on Lake Ontario is a Steamer
the history of which dates to the days when British Shipyards were
turning out their speediest craft for what then constituted the most
exacting service in the world namely, the running of the United
States navy's blockade of the ports of the receding Southern States.
The steamer is the Chicora of the fleet of the Niagara Navigation
Company of Toronto, Canada, plying between the latter place and
the Canadian arid American ports on the Niagara River helovv the
Falls, She has been continuously on the route since she was pur-
chased to found the line in 1878 and has been remarkably success-
ful. Built at Liverpool or at Birkenhrad just opposite, toward the
close of the great civil struggle she yet arrived on the American
side cf the Atlantic in t me to make several successful trips into
the port of Charleston, South Carolina, despite all the vigilance of
the Union men of-war. Confirmation of this was obtained by her
present owners 'many years ago from her war-time captain who
visited Toronto to have a last look at the vessel once his pride and
trom the decks of which he had been able to smile scornfully at his
sluggish pursuers. As a blockade runner the steamer had no upper-
works and was turtle backed to the fore mast. Everything to make
her conspicuous was carefully avoided. No topmasts were used and
the rakish funnels though unusually tall to secure strong draught,
were of small diameter. She is shown thus in a rare old photograph
now JH possession of one of the officers of the company. Tt was
taken while she was coaling at a West India port for one of her
dashes into Charleston harbor.

The close of the war between the States putting an end to
the career for which she was built the low-lyin^ craft was brought
to Halifax where it may be that she received her present musical
Spanish name meaning '-Land of Flowers." Sold for service on
the Great Lakes she was cut in two to pass the canals and after be-
ing rebuilt to fit her for her new duties was put in commission be-
tween Collingwood on Georgian Bay, and Thunder Bay on the north

shore of Lake Superior. On this route during the summer of 1870,
came the next event in the Chicora's history, for during that season
she Jid yeoman service in forwarding Lord Wolseley's (then Col.
Garnet VVolseley) famous Red River Expedition for the suppression
of the first Rial rebellion in the Canadian North West.

As soon as it became known that Canada proposed to use the
great lakes as part of the route over which to send her soldiers to
the scene of the rebellion the American authorises issued strict
orders forbidding the passage of Canadian troops or their supplies
through the canal located on United States territory around the
rapids of the St. Mary's River. So zealous were the officials at the
"Soo" intrusted with the enforcement of shese orders that they even
stopped the Chicora on her regular trip, though she had neither
troops nor contrabind of war on beard. Not to be deprived of 500
and odd miles of water travel Col. Wolseley formed the plan of
shipping his supplies to the foot of the rapids, having them portaged
over Canadian territory and re -shipped for the passage across Lake
Suparior. This scheme was carried into effect, but fortunately for
the better relations of the two countries the annoying restriction
was removed by the Washington authorities before the final depart-
ure of the expedition. Consequently to the Chicora fell the honor
of taking Col. Wolseley and staff and the advance guard of the Red
River forces through to Port William, then but a Hudson Bay
Company's post.

The Chicora has an iron hull 2LO feet in length and is of the
side wheel type. Her engines are those originally placed in her
though they have been in great part rebuild. What might be termed
the only relic of her early career now preserved aboard the steamer
hangs on the rail in front of the pilot house in the form of a small
ship's bell. This in its own way tells practically all that is known
as to when and where the vessel was built and her original name.
On the bell is engraved: — "Let Her B, 1864, W. C. MILLER,
Shipbuilder, Liverpool."

The accompanying illustration is made from a copy of the old
photograph mentioned above and shows the historic steamer lying
at her West India co»ling station. The masts of the sailing ships,
outside which she lies, make a rather confusing background, but
otherwise the outlines are quite clear. The awnings amidships and
aft were for the protection of th« crew while cruising in tropical
waters.

The Riders of The Plains

By T. A. Boys, D. Division, N. W. M. P., 1876

Ho! wake the Prairie Echo's with

The ever welcome sound,
Ring out "The Boot and Saddle" 'till

Its stiring notes resound,
Our Horses toss their bridled heads

And chafe against the rein,
Ring1 out, ring out the trumpet call

For the Riders of the Plain. [

O'er many a league of prairie wild

Our trackless path must be
And round it roam the fiercest tribes

Of Blackfoot and of Cree
But danger from their Savage bands,

A dauntless heart disdains,
The heart that bears the helmet up

Of the Riders of the Plains.

The prairie storm sweeps o'er our \v&y,

But onward still we go
To scale the rugged mountain side,

Descend the valleys low
We face the broad Saskatchewan,

Made fierce by heavy rains
With all its might, it cannot check

The Riders of the plains.

We tread the dreaded Cactus land,

Where lost to white-man's ken;
We startle there the creatures wild

With the sight of armed men:
For whereso'er our leaders bid,

The trumpet sound its strain,
Forward in marching sections go

The Riders of the Plain

The fire ring stalks the Prairie,

And fearful 'tis to see
The rushing walls of flame and fire

Girdling around u» rapid)}',
'Tis then we shout defiance

And mock his fiery chains,
For safe the cleared circle guards,

The Riders of the Plains.

For us no cheerfwl hostelry

Their welcome gates unfold,
No generous board or downy coueh

Awaits otr troopers bold.
Beneath the starlit canopy,

Afe eve when daylight wanes;
There live the hardy slumberers,

The Riders of tke Plains

In want of rest, in want of food,

Our courage dees not fail;
As day and night we follow hard,

The desperado's trail.
His threatened rifle stays us not,

He 6nds no hope remains,
And 3'ields at last a captive to

The Riders of the Plains.

But that which »ri«s the courage sore,

Of Horseman and of Steed,
Is want of water, blessed water,

Blessed water in our need
We'll face like men what ere befalls

Of perils, hardships, pains,
Oh God, deny not water to

The Riders of the Plains

We've taken the haughty feathered chief,

Whose hands were red with blood,
E'en in the very Council Lodge,

We seized him as he stood,
Three fearless hearts faced forty braves,

And bore their chief in chains,
Full sixty miles to where lay camped

The Riders of the Plains.

And death, who comes alike to all,

Hath stricken us out here;
Filling our hearts with bitter woe,

Our eyes with many a tear,
Five times he drew his fatal bow,

His hand no prayer restrains,
Five times his arrow sped among

The Riders of the Plains.

Hard by the "Old Man's River,"

Where freshe»t breezes blow
Five grassy mou»tis lay side by side

*Five Riders sleep below
Neat palings close the sacred ground

No stranger's »tep profanes
Their deep repose, and they sleep well

Those Riders of the Plams.

Sleep on, sleep on young slumberers

Who died in the far west
No prancing steed will feel your hand

No trumpet break your rest
Sleep on until the great Arehange

Shall burst death's icy chains,
And you hear the great Reveille

Ye Riders of the Plains.

We bear no lifted banner,

The soldier's care and pride,
No waving flag waves onward,

Our horsemen as they ride,
Our only flag is duty's call;

And well its strength sustains,
The dauntless spirits of our men,

Bold Riders of the Plains.

We muster but three h'nndred,

In all this great lone land,
Which stretches o'er this Continent

To where the Rockies stand.
But not one heart doth falter,

No coward lip complains.
That few, too few in number are

The Riders of the Plains;

In England's mighty Empire,

Each man must take his stand,
Some guard her honored flag at sea;

Some bear it well by land
'Tis not our part to bear that flag,

Then what to us remains?
What dutv does our sovereign give

Her Riders of the Plains.

Our mission is to plant the flag

Of British freedom here:
Restrain the lawless Savage,

And protect the Pioneer,
And 'tis a proud and daring trust,

To hold these vast domains,
With but three hundred mounted men,

The Riders of the Plains

And though we win not praise or fame,

In the struggle here alone.
To carry out good British Law

Ar.d plant "old England's Throne."
Yet when our task has been performed,

And law with order reigns;
The peaceful Settler long will bless

The Riders of the Plains.

*One of these Mr. f harks Paxter >vas from Niagara.

DUCIT AMOR PATRIAE

CATALOGUE

OF ARTICLES IN

MEMORIAL HALL

THE HISTORICAL BUILDING

OF THE

NIAGARA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

FOUNDED IN 1895

COLLECTED SINCE MAY, 1896.

BUILDING ERECTED 1906
FORMALLY OPENED JUNE 4th, 1907

1911

TORONTO, CANADA

PREFACE

It has long been felt that there should be a catalogue of the

articles in the Historical Building, and many requests for such a

publication have been made. It is true a catalogue was printed in

1899, but the many additions made since, particularly in 1907, at the

i time of the opening of , the new building, and the numerous additions

! since that again, necessitate another, and it has frequently been

: asked that some description should be given of the most interesting

i articles so that the public may be able to refer to it for information

| of the many valuable documents, as well as rare books and pamphlets.

The catalogue will not be sent to members, as the regular publications

are, but is to be purchased, as it is a gift to the Society by one who

has always been a good friend to the Society, and is intended to be of

pecuniary benefit to us.

The Society was organized in December, 1895, and since that
time we have printed twenty pamphlets, issued fifteen reports,
placed eight historical markers, over five thousand articles of his-
torical interest have been collected, and an historical building erected,
with furnishing at an expense of over $5,000. There are 170 mem-
bers scattered over the broad Dominion, some in the United States,
and even in England. The undertaking of making a. catalogue has
proved a much more onerous task than was expected, but it is be-
lieved it will be a great benefit for reference to the Society and the
public at large.

JANET CARNOCHAN, Editor, His. So.

This Catalogue is printed and presented to the Society by the
courtesy of J. Ross Robertson, of Toronto.

CONTENTS

Page.

Preface ............................................................ ... 3

Contents ................................ . ............................. 5-6

Case |. — Military Flags ........................................... e ____ 7

Case 1 1.— General Brock Relics ......................................... 7

Case III.— Military Relics .............................................. 7

Case IV. — Military Clothing, etc ......................................... 9

Cases IV. and V. — Outside, Guns ................. ....................... 9

Case VI. — Military Weapons .................................... ....... 9

Case VII. — Military, not Canadian m ............ ......................... 10

Military, on the Wall ---- ................... '..'./ ...................... 10

Above the Mantel ..................................................... 12

East Wall, Portraits ................................ .................. 13

East Wall, Churches .................................................. 14

Household Articles ................................................... 15

Naval, Anchors, Pictures of Boats, etc .................................. 16

Case VI 1 1.— Medals and Family Relics ............................ ...... 17

Case IX. — Rare Pamphlets ................. : .............. ............. 18

Case X.— Niagara Publications ................ ......................... 20

Case XI.— Rare Books, Canadian ....................................... 22

Case XII. — Rare Books ..................... '* .................... ...... 23

Case XIII.— Ball Family Collection ..................................... 23

Case XIV.— Woman's Clothing ......................................... 24

Case XV. — Miscellaneous, mostly Men's Wear ........................... 24

Case XVI. — China, miscellaneous ......... -. ............................ 25

Case XVII.— China, Blue .............................................. 26

Case XVIII.— Woman's Work, hand-made ............................... 26

Case XIX.— Brass, Pewter, etc .......................................... 27

Case XX. — Miscellaneous .............................................. 28

Case XXI.— Revolving Case, Photographs ............................... 28

In the Portico, Tablets under gallery of ................................. 30

Regiments on Duty at Niagara ...................... . .................. 31

Tablets of Early Settlers and Dates ..................................... 31

Stairway and Over Door ............................................... 31

Case XXI I.— Coins ..................................................... 31

'Case XXIII. — Coins . 31

Page.

Case XXIV.— Coins 31

Stairway and on North and West Wall 32

Front Wall 33

South and East Wall 33

Case XXV.— Gallery, mostly Indian 34

Case XXVI. — Gallery, Indians 35

Case XXVI I. — Miscellaneous, Canadian 35

Case XXVIII. — Miscellaneous, not Canadian 36

Old Furniture in Gallery 36

Case XXIX.— Birds and Birds' Eggs 37

Case XXX.— Historical Exchanges, Canadian 37

Historical, from the Authors 37

Books and Pamphlets Relating to Canada 38

Case XXXI.— Historical Exchanges, United States 40

Scrap Book, Original Documents 40

'Scrap Book, Deeds, Posters, etc 45

Record Books 46

Case XXXII. — Large Bibles, Prayer Books 47

Book Case, Centre, Old Books 47

Bank Bills, Revolving Case 49

Niagara Newspapers 50

Case XXXIII. — Shepherd Collection, Indian and Military 51

Newspapers, Miscellaneous 51

Special Copies, Jubilee, etc 52

Addenda 53

Case XXXIV. — Laura Secord Articles have been transferred to Case
XXXIV.

CATALOGUE

CASE I.

MILITARY FLAGS.

1 Banner, made for the inauguration of
Brock's Monument, 13th Oct., 1853,
by the Loyal Canadian Society of
Grimsby; loaned to the Lundy's
Lane His. So.; by them to the Ni-
agara His. So., and finally by the
Loyal C. S. G.

Through the Nelles family, Grimsby

2 Flag of 2nd Lincoln Regt., G. R. IV.,
.Lundy's Lane His. So. and Grimsby
Loyal Can. So.

Through Jas. Nelles, Grimsby
3-4 Silk Flags presented to 3rd Lincoln
Regt. by the Misses Nelles in 1818.
Loaned as above

5 Flag of 2nd Lincoln Regt., similar to
No. 2, hanging from gallery.

George Simpson, Niagara Palls

6 Old flag, found under roof of house
of Henry Woodruff, St. David's, sup-
posed to be of 1812. Purchase

7 Silk Union Jack, very old, which be-
longed to Thomas Sewell.

Mrs. Wm. Bis-hop

CASE II.

GENERAL BROCK RELICS.

8 Cocked Hat of General Brock, used
at the funerals of 1824, 1853, and
again at the 'Ceremony of 1860. In
the life of General Brock one of his
letters refers to the non-arrival of
the hat. It came just after his death.

Mrs. G. W. H. Ball, Gait

9 Bust of Sir Isaac Brock, by H. Mc-
'Carthy, sculptor.

Mrs. J. D. Larkin, Buffalo

10 Small Picture in frame of monu-
ment to Sir Isaac Brock in St. Paul's
Cathedral.

11 Ticket 394, to Brock dinner, 30th
July, 1840, at the indignation meet-
ing at Queenston; price 7s. 6d.

Miss A. I. G. GiMson, Brantford

12 Statement signed by the late John
W. Ball and Miss Margaret Ball, re
cocked hat of Sir Isaac Brock, sign-

ed Sept., 1857. The hat had been in
the hands of the family since 1812,
being given by a relative of Gen.
Brock.

13 Photo of old picture of battle of
Queenston Heights. Purchase

14 Photo of inscription on boulder at
the spot wher Col. Macdonell fell.

J. McGeachie, Queenston

CASE III.

MILITARY.

15 Sash and Epaulettes of Col. W. D.
Miller, ensign in 1812.

Mrs. J. E. Wilson, Toronto

16 Powder Horn, presented by Chief
Jos. Brant (Thyendanegea) to Jean
Baptiste Rousseaux, interpreter,
1794. Alexander Servos

17 Bayonet of 1812. Jas. Hartley
12 Dress Spurs worn by Fort Major

Campbell, who was buried at Port
George, 1812.

Miss Campbell, Toronto

19 Pocket-book of Capt. M. McLellan,
killed at the battle of Fort George.

M. McLellan, Font Hill

20 Powder Horn made by Jas. Caug-
hill, 1850. Peter Whitmore

21 Part of Pipe found near the grave
of Gen. Brock by H. A. Garrett when
a boy at the school of Sergt. Oakes
about 1823. Miss M. Garrett

22-23 Spurs and Dress Spurs of Chas.
Currie, who was with the party who
sent the Caroline over the Falls in
1838. Miss Currie

24 Vise of Samuel Cox, artificer in
Butler's Rangers in Revolutionary
War.

Quartermaster Sergt. Cox, of G. G.
B. G., his great-grandson

25 Wooden Peg from old French bar-
racks, of 1758, at Fort Niagara. Key
found at Fort Mississagua.

Miss Quade, Ransomville, N. Y.

26 Key of Tower Magazine, Fort Mis-
•sissagua, sent through post office
from Wisconsin.

Wm. Monroe, Esdaile, Wis.

28 Long Service and Good Conduct
Medal of Sergt. Goodwin, Royal Can-
adian Rifles. Rev. J. C. Garrett

28 Button of 79th Cameron Highland-
ers, now Queen's Own Cameron
Highlanders. Major Elmslie, Alta.

29 Button of 76th Hindostan Regt.

Major Hiscott

30 Button of Royal Engineers, station-
ed at Niagara. R. J. Wright, Detroit

31 Buttons found in grave, St. Mark's,
of U. S. officer, 8th Inf., 1813, and
Royal Canadian Volunteers, 1813.

Jos. Houghton

33-34 Three Flints and Button of
King's 8th, found in 1898 in St. An-
drew's Cemetery, relic of 27th May,
1813. Jno. Elliot

35 Spurs, found at Fort Mississagua.

F. Clark

36 Lock of Gun, found on site of old
jail and court house, of 1803.

P. Librock

37-41 Spur, Cartridge Box, Copper
Nails, Iron Hammer and Wrench,

from Butler's Barracks. Account
book of 1796 from Fort Niagara.

Jno. Carnochan

42 Cloak Buckle of Capt. M. McLellan,
1813. Wm. Thompson

43 Button Cleaner of 100th Regt., 1858.

Miss Creed

44 Flints, for flint-lock guns.

Alfred Ball

45 Musket Barrel, from Queenston.

H. C. Sheppard, Queenston

46 Buttons of different regiments sta-
tioned here. Jno. Bolton

47 Part of Flint-lock Gun.

Miss Carnochan

48 Regimental Orderly Book, R. C.
Rifles, 1851. Capt. Geale

49 Fragment of Vrooman's Battery,
1813. J. Kerr, Queenston

50 Solid Drawn Tube, 1850, present
type. T. Houghton

51 Martingale Badge, now obsolete, of
Royal Canadian Dragoons.

R. Duncan, Toronto

52 Mould, for making military shells
(epaulettes). R. Taylor

53 Standing Order for York Regiment,
England, 1813. Capt. Wilkinson

54 Cartridges, used in 1860 by Niagara
Volunteer Co. J. H. Burns

55. Old Knife Blade, found at Butler's
graveyard. Jos. F. Greene

56 Buckle of King's Dragoon Guards
given to Col. Gilkison by Lt. Grant
K. D. G., 1838, at Niagara.

Mias Gilkison, Brantford

57 Bayonet, from Fort Erie.

B. Simpson, Chicago

58 Bayonet, of 1812. Wm. Lee

59 Spur, found in trench at Queenston
Heights. Miss J. E. Wood

60-61 Cannon Ball, Lock of Musket

Part of Bayonet, found at Fort Erie

Col. Cruikshank, F.R.S.C

62 Old Sword. H. Walsh

63 Old Pistol.

Ralph J. Clench, St. Catharines

64 Cannon Ball, with broad arrow
mark. W. McCue

65 Discharge and Good Conduct Cer-
tificate, for 25 years in 52nd Regt
and R. C. Rifles, at Chelsea Hospital
of Robert Smith. Mrs. Doran

66 Key, found at Fort Mississagua.

Miss Quade, Ransomville

CASE IV.

MILITARY CLOTHING, ETC.

67 Coat worn by Fort Major Camp-
bell, who was with Cornwallis at
the surrender at Yorktown, 1781.
Major Campbell was buried at Fort
George, December, 1812. He was at
different times in Nova Scotia Regt.,
Royal Fusiliers and 5th Regt. of
Foot. Miss Campbell, Toronto

68-69 Military Coat and Sash worn by

Capt. John McMicking, of Stamford,

at the battle of Queenston Heights.

Mrs. Jas. Ker, Vancouver, B.C.

70 Coat worn by Major Shaw, 1812-
1814. Jos. Shaw, Virgil

71 Coat worn by Col. D. McDougal,
then an ensign at the battle of
Lundy's Lane, 25th July, 1814, when
he was wounded severely and re-
ported as mortally wounded.

Mrs. Newton

72 Sash worn by Col. D. McDougal,
then an ensign at the battle of
Lundy's Lane. Mrs. Newton

73 Pewter Platter, part of the camp
equipage of Col. Johnson, killed at
the siege of Fort Niagara, which
was taken from the French 25th
July, 1759. Wm. Kirby, F.R.S.C.

74 Cocked Hat of Col. Bullock, who
was at the capture of Fort Niagara,
Dec. 19th, 1813.

Ralfe Johnson Clench, St. Cathar-
ines.

75 Water Bottle of wood used in 1812,
marked with the broad arrow.

C. A. F. Ball

76-77 Two Cartridge Pouches, marked
G.R. III., with bullet and powder of
that period, found in house of Wm.
Long when taken down.

Wm. Lockwood

78-79 Cavalry Sword and Belt of Fred-
erick Wood. F. Wood, Virgil

80-121 Military Buttons in frame, 42 in
number. Miss Carnochan

122-156 Military Buttons in frame, 35
in number, found in Niagara (Brit-
ish, U.S., Canadian).

W. S. Lansing

157 Military Shells of Capt. Nelles,
very old. Alfred Ball

158-160 Belt and Bayonet of 1812,
Stirrup. St. Davids

CASE V.

MILITARY CLOTHING, ETC.

161-165 Mess Jacket, Powder Horn,
Sash, Epaulettes, Belt, Belt Buckle,
of Sergt.-Maj. Flanigan, 1st King's
Dragoon Guards, 1838.

Miss Flanigan

166 Coat of Capt. Daniel Servos, of
Butler's Rangers. Mrs. D. Servos

167 Shell Jacket worn by the late John
Swinton, of Leith Yeomanry, 1822,
when George IV. inspected the troops
at Edinburgh. Mrs. A. Swinton

168 Tunic worn by Capt. A. Swinton,
worn in rebellion 1838, and at re-
interment of Gen. Brock 1853, also
Fenian Raid 1866.

Mrs. A. Swinton

169 Mess Jacket of Capt. Minnett,
Royal Canadian Rifles, 1850.

Miss Alma

171-172 Tunic worn in Fenian Raid.
Shako and Belt. Jas. Hartley

173 Sword of Royal Canadian Rifles.

Jas. Hartley

174 Bugle, presented to No. 1 Com-
pany, 19th Battalion, by the ladies
of Niagara, 1863, on their return

tfrom Philipsburg, Que.
Remaining members of Company.

175 Table Cover, made from 1,200
pieces of cloth for soldiers' coats
done by a Crimean veteran (Riches)
who was at the siege of Sebasto-
pol. Mrs. Walter Reid

176-7 Sword and Belt of Capt. Buch-
ner, 1837. Wm. Allam

178 Pistol, used by Col. Hepburne, of
Chippewa. Mrs. Senior

179 Holster Pistol, of 1837, same as
used by troop of Dragoons raised
by Capt. Dickson. Mrs. Walsh

180-1 Spurs and Belt worn by John
Hall, of King's Dragoon Guards.

Miss M. Hall

182 Belt and Cartridge Pouch of 1812.

Exchange

183 Old Flint-lock Gun. Mrs. F. Walker.

CASE IV. AND V.— Outside.

184 Fenian Raid Musket and Bayonet,
used in the Civil WTar. Picked up at
Bridgeburg.

Thos. Newbigging through Dr. Ander-
son.

185 Tower of London Gun and old
bayonet 44th Regiment.

Richard Taylor

186 U. S. Springfield Gun, 1832

Richard Taylor

187 Boer Gun (Mauser), with name
G. A. Neipage. Captured by Cana-
dian troops, 1901.

Kindness of General Otter

CASE VI.

MILITARY WEAPONS.

188 Sword delivered to Gen. Murray
at capture of Fort Niagara, Dec. 19,
1813, and by him handed to Lieut.
D. K. Servos; has been in possession
of the family ever since.

A. D. K. Servos, Township

189 Sword of Capt. Warner used in
1812. Mrs. John Warner

190 Military Shells of Capt. Warner.

Mrs. John Warner

191 Cavalry Sword of 1812, found on
bank of Niagara river by the donor.

Capt. R. Wilkinson

192 Sword of Lieut. W. B. Servos,
1842, 1st Lincoln Militia.

193-4 Sword and Pistol of late Charles
Currie, who was one of those who
helped to send the Caroline over the
Falls, 1838. Miss Currie

195 Dress Sword of Cornelius Cheney,
used in the Revolutionary War.

Mrs Cheney

196 Sword of Warner Nelles.

197 Old Flint-lock Gun of 1812.

Miss Mary Garrett

198 Gun, called Indian Chief, 100 years
old. D. S. Waters

199 Sword of Royal Canadian Rifles.

James Hartley

200 Cavalry Carbine, used in Civil
War, with date 1858.

Albert Brown, California

201 Indian Chief Gun, originally flint-
lock. Albert Brown, California

202 Colts' Revolver and Bayonet.

Mrs. Charles Brown

203 Saddle used in 1866.

Horace Clement

CASE VII.

MILITARY— NOT CANADIAN.

204 Waterloo Sword (cavalry), used in
battle 18th June, 1815. Miss M. Hall

205 Sepoy Sword, captured by Capt.
Beale in Indian Mutiny from a Sepoy

F. Wint'hrop

206 Haft of Cutlass, used in the mut-
iny of the Nore, 1797, by Lt. Pugh,
who was killed by footpads in Lon-
don, 1801. F. H. Grainger

207 Poisoned Bullets, found on a dead
Boer in South African war, 1901.

Thos. Dick McGaw, Toronto

208 Roman Battle Axe, found in an
Ayrshire "bog.

Dr. A. Milroy, Kilwinning, Scotland
209-10 Flint Arrowheads, Scrapers,
used by the Britons before the Sax-
ons came to England.

Dr. A. Milroy, Kilwinning, Scotland

211 Greased Cartridges of Indian Mut-
iny, 1857. Capt. Ponton, Belleville

212 Cartridge of George III., before
1812. Capt. Ponton, Belleville

213 Cavalry Bit, U. S., 1813, found on
farm near town. W. H. Harrison

214 Cuban Machete, used for warlike
and also agricultural purposes.

J. Gordon

215-217 Three Medals, to commemorate
Crimean war, Alma, Balaclava, In-
kerman. Miss Alma

218 Canteen, found in St. Mark's grave-
yard, marked Philadelphia, U. S.

Hamilton Garrett

219 Bandolier of a Boer bugler, J. T.
Brook, in South African war, made
for fifty cartridges. (Transferred).
Edw. Shepherd, North Bay
220-222 Anklet and Bead Necklace of
Kaffir girl, Boer pass sent from Vry-
berg, S. A., 1897.

J. Weir Anderson, S. A.

223 Head-piece worn over ears when
firing cannon. Alfred Ball

224 Breast-plate of officer's horse of
Malta Fencibles in India. Geo. Reid

225 Badge of Wiltshire Regt.

Wm. Richardson

226 Cigarette Holder, Cuba.

Wm. Richardson

227 Bowl of Pipe, with 13 stars, found
1908 under the jail and court house,
built 1817. Miss Bayley

228-233 Buttons and Badges of of-
ficers and privates of Prince of
Wales' Royal Canadian Regiment,
1858 to 1881, then called Prince of
Wales' Leinster Regt., formed from
100th and 109th Bombay Regt.

Capt. Dickinson, Halifax

234-5 Shrapnel and Cartridge from

Cuba, late war with U. S. and Spain.

Miss A. Paffard

236 Priming Case used 'by a veteran of
the Peninsular War.

Wm. Allam, Virgil

237 Military Coat, used by colonel in
U. S. army in civil war, 1861-4.

W. S. Lansing

238 Button, made from Roman coin,
said to have been found in Wales.

Miss M. Hall

MILITARY ON THE WALL.

239 Steel Engraving (about 1832),
Brock's Monument of 1824, shattered
1840. Alfred Ball

240 Poster, arrangement for second
funeral of Gen. Brock, printed at
Queenston, 1824, by Wm. Lyon Mc-
Kenzie. Alfred Ball

241 Photo from pencil sketch of Miss
McDonell, from original of 1810,
loaned by Mrs. Small, given to her
by Judge Small in 1858.

242 Photograph of Sir Isaac Brock,
from oil painting made in Isle of
Guernsey, by J. W. Forster.

J. W. Forster, Toronto

243 Photo of Sir Isaac Brock, from
picture originally owned by Major
Duncan McFarland. H. A. Garrett

244 The Photo which belonged to
Major McFarland, supposed to have
been copied from a painting by an
amateur. Mrs. H. A. Garrett

245 Photo of Brock's Monument of
1853, with group at a picnic in 1871.

Miss W. B. Servos

246 Commission of Daniel McDougal,
as ensign, signed by Gen. Isaac
Brock and his secretary, James
Brock, 18th April, 1812.

Loaned by Mrs. Newton

247 Commission of Lt. Col. Daniel Mc-
Dougal, in militia 1847, signed by
Elgin and Kincardine. D. McDougal
was in Glengary Light Infantry.

Loaned by Mrs. Newton

248 Poster with arrangements for third
funeral of Gen. Brock in 1853.

Mrs. J. C. Secord

249 Steel Engraving of Queenston in
1832. Mrs. E. J. Thompson, Toronto

250 Resolutions passed at Kingston in
1842 re contributions to Brock's Mon-
ument. Miss Gonder, Black Creek

251 Poster with inscription on first
monument. Chas. A. F. Ball

252 Regimental Order, 1840, and sub-
scription list to monument.

R. M. Gonder, Niagara Falls

253 Photo of Sampler worked by Mrs.
Denison, nee Lippencott, in memory
of Brock in 1812. R. F. Denison

254 Order relating to re-burial of Gen.
Brock. M. G. Scherck, Toronto

255 Piece of Military Coat Sleeve,
with Union Jack and crown sewn on,
belonged to Lachlan Currie, 68th
Regt, in Peninsular War.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

256 Photo of Sir Allan McNab.

Miss Gilkison, Brantford
257-261 Commissions of Robert Nelles,
Grimsby, as Lieutenant, Captain, Lt.-
Colonel, Colonel, Deputy Lieut, of 1st
Riding of Lincoln, signed by differ-
ent Governors. Dorchester, 1788,
1794; Gore, 1815; Maitland, 1822;
Colborne, 1831, and by Robert Ham-
ilton, Lt. of County, and by John
Butler. Mrs. Alfred Ball

262 Commission of Jas. Clement as en-
sign, signed by Dorchester, 1780.

Joseph Clement, Virgil

263 Commission of Philip Van Cort-
landt Secord, served as captain,
1825, signed by Peregrine Maitland.

Mrs. J. C. Secord

264 Commission of Jno. McLellan as
ensign, signed by Lord Sydenham,
1841. M. McLellan, Fonthill

265 Freedom of Burgh of Dumbarton,

and also of Paisley, 1748, to John
Hamilton, for "good deeds done and
to.be done." Mrs. Senior

266 Proclamation of Governor Arthur,

for capture of Jas. Morreau, who was
hanged in Niagara, 1838, for his
share in rebellion.

Dr. Dee, Stamford, through Canon
Bull.

267 Proclamation of Wm. Lyon Mc-
Kenzie, from Navy Island, 1838.

T. P. Blain, St. Catharines

268 Scene in 1838, King's Dragoon
Guards conveying prisoners to
Chambly. Purchase

269-71 Poster of Sleigh Club Ball, with
rosette worn at Harrington's Hotel,
1840. Invitation to Subscription
Ball at Stamford Park, 1838. Poster
of Races of 1840, with names of of-
ficers. Miss Gilkison, Brantford

272 Oil Painting of Lt. Garrett, of the
Grenadiers, who was with Brock
when he fell.

Loaned by Miss M. Garrett

273 Water Color of foot of King street,
from the water. Purchase

274 Water Color of foot of King street,
from the land, by F. H. Grainger,
from his pencil sketches in 1864,
showing the guard house. Purchase

275 Water Color of Fort Niagara, and
part of Fort Mississagua, copied by
F. H. Grainger, from drawing by Mrs.
J. D. Servos. Purchase

276-326 Case, with collection of 25 pis-
tols, 3 bayonets, 10 knives, buttons,
old weapons, flint-lock encrusted
with shells, .stock of rifle, trowel,
steel knuckles, lock of gun 1811, pis-
tol from Waterloo, mostly found at
Fort George (bullets, etc., not num-
bered.) Richard Taylor

327 Mezzo-tint of Bishop McDonell,
Glengarry, 1825. Mrs. Newton

328 Mouth of River, copy of Mrs Sim-
coe's picture executed in 1794.

F. H. Grainger

329 Pencil Sketch on wrapping paper,
by Mrs. Quade, of battle of Fort

George, 27th May, 1813, made for
children when she was an old lady.
Miss Quade, Ransomville, N. Y.

330 Oil Painting of Col. Butler, copied
from original by Henry Oakley, in
Niagara, 1834. j Mrs. Oakley, Bronte

331 Pen and Ink Sketch from Heriot's
picture of fort and river in 1806.

Miss Semple, Toronto

332 Military Hospital, built 1822, water
color from pencil sketch of F. H.
Grainger, 1864.

333 Navy Hall, by same, in 1854.

Purchase

334 Fine Water Color of Fort Niagara
and river, with Gleaner Printing Of-
fice, by a lady friend of Dr. Mack.

Mrs. Mack, Toronto

335 Battle of Fort George, from port-
folio, Philadelphia, 1817.

336 Sketch of the course of Laura In-
gersoll Secord from Queenston to
Beaver Dams, June 23rd, 1813; made
for Mrs. Curzon. (Photo of Laura
Secord given by Miss Smith,
Guelph). Miss Curzon, Toronto

337 Picture of Chief Brant (Thyendan-
egea). Supt. Cameron, Brantford

338 Photo of Laura Ingersoll Secord.

Purchase

339 Engraving of Home of Laura I. Se-
cord at Great Barrington, Massachu-
setts.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines.

340 Muster Roll of a company of But-
ler's Rangers, signed by Lt. Jacob
Ball, 1782-3. C. A. F. Ball

341-2 Water Color of Butler's Bar-
racks and of the colonel's residence,
1854, made by Capt. Taylor.

Capt. Geale

343 Pencil Sketch of buildings at Fort
Missiasagua in 1824, by General Sea-
ton Gordon, sent by his son to Mr.
Winnett, of Queen's Hotel, in 1899.

H. Winnett, Toronto

344 Photo of Original Oil Painting of
Col. Jno. Butler, in the possession of
W. Richards, Ottawa, his great-
grandson. Mrs. W. Richards, Ottawa

345 Photo of Queen's Own in front of
Butler's Barracks, taken in 1863, the
time of the St. Alban's raid.

Albert Davey

346 Pencil Sketch of Fort Niagara, by
Miss McCormick, Niagara, about
1845. Miss Gilkison, Brantford

347 Wood Cut of the Burning of the
Caroline, Dec. 31st, 1838..

F. H. Grainger

348-50 Documents framed relating to
Red River expedition, 1870, re medal
and Col. Wolseley.

Capt. Bruce Harmon, Toronto

351 Model of Graves of British officers
in the Crimea (Cathcart Hill).

Miss Carnochan

352 Photo of 130 Badges, British army.

Qur.-Mr. Gander, St. Catharines

353 Photo of Old Mill at La Colle,
blockhouse used in 1812. Cannon
presented to Col. March for bravery
at La Colle Mill. Kept in grounds of
his granddaughter.

G. M. Van Vliet, La Colle

354 Photo of R. Smith, of 52nd Regt.
and R. C. Rifles. Mrs. Doran

355-374 Collection of 20 Cannon Balls
and Grape Shot. Richard Taylor

375-393 Collection of 19 Cannon Balls,
given by A. Servos, H. Paffard, C.
Brown, J. Carnochan, F. Clark, R.
Wilkinson, Miss Healey, H. C. Shep-
pard, Miss Elliot, Miss Robinson.

394-471 Collection of Buttons, Buckles,
Badges, framed, showing the military
history of Niagara, being buttons,
British, United States, Canadian, of
regiments stationed here. Among
them the cross belt buckle of 89th
(Sphinx, Egypt, Java, Niagara),
buckle of 93rd Highlanders, Butler's
Rangers, 21st Regiment. Given by
David Boyle, Alexander Servos, Mrs.
Bottomley, M. A. McComb, Albert
Davey, Leslie Hilborn, Lee Servos, F.
Masters, Jno. Bolton, Mrs. Mason,
MiS;S Carnochan. There are 80 var-
ieties, but many are not counted.

Arranged by Miss Carnochan

472 Fragment of Shell from war of
1812. Hugh Watt

473 Piece of Sycamore Tree, with bul-
let sawn through which pierced the
tree in 1812. J. P. Clement, Virgil

474 Photo of Tablet to Gen. Braddock,
died 1755, erected 1908.

E. Rowe, Cleveland, Ohio

475 Fragment of Shell from war of
1812. Jas. Bishop

476 Scales, weighing up to 600 Ibs.,
used at Fort Mississagua. R. Taylor

477 Old Flint-lock Gun. Mrs. F. Walker

ABOVE MANTEL.

478 Steel Engraving of Queen Victoria,
in coronation robes (Albion issue
1842). Purchase

479 King Edward VII. and Queen Al-
exandra, coronation.

Miss Carnochan

480 Paying Homage, Westminster Ab-
bey, Aug. 9th, 1902.

Miss Carnochan

481 Photograph, framed, of Sir Morti-
mer Clark, Lt.-Governor, 1907.

Sir Mortimer Clark

482 Pencil Drawing of Niagara, in 1846,
showing spires of three churches and
shipping, by D. C. O'Brien.

Mrs. Radcliff, Toronto

483-484 Two Tall Lamps of Early
Days (bronze), before coal oil was
used. Mrs. C. A. F. Ball

485 Two Small Marble Candlesticks.

Mrs. C. A. P. Ball

486 King George V. and Queen Mary.
Rev. P. W. Mosher, Niagara Falls,

N.Y.

487 Large Bouquet in glass case, made
in Turk's Island, West Indies, by
negroes from small shells.

Loaned by Miss Dreger

488 Plan of Town, used by Charles L.
Hall, barrister for many years, made
about 1830.

Mrs. R. A. Campbell, Montreal

489 Saucer with golden Dog, inscrip-
tion, Quebec from Le Chien D'Or, by
Wm. Kirby.

Mrs. E. J. Thompson, Toronto

490 Brass Fender. • A. F. Walsh

491 Andirons. W. Richardson
492-505 Maps, copied from maps in

Archives, Ottawa, some of which
were lately sent from War Office,
England.

492 Fort Niagara, 1740, entrance to
river. Mrs. E. J. Thompson, Toronto

493 Military Buildings in 1799, showing
Navy Hall, Fort George, Indian

Dept.
Mrs. E. J. Thompson, Toronto

494 Niagara and Forts George and
Mississagua, in 1817, by H. H. Wil-
son, R.E.

Mrs. E. J. Thompson, Toronto

495 Survey of Niagara River.

Mrs. E. J. Thompson, Toronto

496-498 Two Maps of lots in township

Nos. 1 and 2, with names of owners,

in 1784, 1787. Mrs. E. J. Thompson

498 Lighthouse in 1804. Purchase

499 Military Hospital, 1822, formerly
Indian Department. Purchase

500 Map showing Fort George as de-
fended by Americans in 1813, and
American entrenchments thrown up
across the common; map made in
1816. Purchase

501 Plan of Water Front in 1790.

Purchase

502 Military Buildings, 1835, with
small map of 1819 to settle the dis-
pute with John Grier (G. Nicolls,
R. E.) Purchase

503 Map of Fort at York.

Ontario His. Society

504 Map of Town Lots, 1795.

M. G. Scherck, Toronto

505 Portrait C. L. Hall and Mrs. C. L.
Hall. Mrs. R. A. Campbell, Montreal

EAST WALL— PORTRAITS.

506 King Edward VII. and Queen
Alexandra. Miss Carnochan

507-509 Photographs copied from orig-
inal oil paintings in possession of
Aemilius Jarvis. Chief Justice Wm.
Dummer Powell, Mrs. Wm. Dummer,
nee Murray, Mrs. Wm. Jarvis and
two children.

Aemilius Jarvis, Toronto

510 Water Color of Miss Mary Wag-
staff, who died in 1836.

Miss Lockwood

511 Mrs. Ralfe Clench, granddaughter
of Sir William Johnson and Mary
Brant. C. A. F. Ball

512 Isaac H. Johnson, town clerk for
many years.

Loaned by Mrs. E. Patterson

513 Hon. Wm. Hamilton Merritt, 1793-
1862.

Jedediah Merritt, St. Catharines

514. Hon. John Hamilton, 1800-1872.

Judge Hamilton, Kingston

515 Water Color of Mrs. Jno. Cle-
ment, by Hoppner Meyer.

Loaned by Mrs. H. Clement

516 Water Color of Hon. Wm. Dickson,
by Hoppner Meyer.

Rev. J. S. Clarke

517 Photograph of Mrs. McMurray,
Charlotte Johnson +Ogeneboquah,

the Wild Rose), daughter of John
Johnson and O-shah-gush-ko-dun-a-
qua, daughter of Wabegoon, an In-
dian chief, Mis,s Baxter

518 Portrait of Samuel Zimmerman.

John M. Clement

519 Portrait of Wm. A. Thomson.

T. Kennard Thomson, C.B., Ne^v
York

520 Water Color of W. D. Miller, by
Hoppner Meyer.

Mrs. J. E. Wilson, Toronto

521 Photo of Mrs. Quade, daughter of
Dominick Henry, the lighthouse
keeper, 18>03-1814.

Copied by permission of Mrs. Hutch-
inson, Youngstown.

522 Old Painting of Joseph Clement,
U. E. L. Mrs. H. Clement

523 Photograph of M. D. Gonder and
Mrs. Gonder of Black Creek.

M. G. Scherck, Toronto

524 Oil Painting of Mrs. Pauling, nee
Butler. Mrs. Jos. Clement, Virgil

525 Photo of Count de Puisaye, from
steel engraving. G. S. Griffin

526 Countess de Puisaye, from oil
painting. G. S. Griffin, Toronto

527 Portrait of'Capt. Jas. Matthew
Hamilton, who was married 24th
August 1792, at St. Mark's church,
Niagara.

Basil G. Hamilton, Wilmer, B. C.

528 Portrait of Mrs. Hamilton (Louisa
Mitchell.)

Basil G. Hamilton, Wilmer, B. C.

529 Large Crayon of late R. N. Ball,
the first to send apples to Britain.

Loaned by Mrs. R. N. Ball

530 Portrait of Mrs. Jameson, the cele-
brated authoress, who visited Nia-
gara, 1837-8. Miss Alma

531 Portrait of Judge Campbell, presi-
dent of Mechanics' Institute, 1850-
1860. Exchange with Public Library

532 Photograph, framed of F. A. B.
Clench. Miss Wesley

533 Photos of two pencil sketches by
Mrs. Jameson, copied by permission
of Mrs. James Bain, Toronto, viz.
The mouth of the river from two
miles out, and Pine Grove in winter.

534 Photograph of Hamilton House,

Queenston, built 1834, with two
views of interior.

Miss Durand, Queenston

ON EAST WALL, CHURCHES.

535 Petition on Parchment to the
Queen, 1842, complaining that Pres-

byterians had not their share of the
clergy reserves by census of 1839.
There are 538 represented.

T. P. Blain, St. Catharines

536 Address of High School Pupils to
Rev. Charles Campbell of St. An-
drew's, 1878.

Mrs. C. Campbell, Toronto

537 Tin Candle Bracket used in St.
Andrew's Church, built 1831.

The Managers of St. Andrew's

538 First Oil Lamp used in church.

The Managers of St. Andrew's

539 Collecting Bag used in St. An-
drew's Church.

The Managers of St. Andrew's

540 Candle Sconce used in Presby-
terian Church, Virgil, built by Wm.
Servos, 1846. John D. Servos

541 Candle Sconce used in Virgil
Methodist Church, built in 1840.

Wm. Crouch, Virgil

542 Tin Frames for Candles used in
Methodist Church, built in 1823.

The Stewards of Church

543 Collecting Box used in gallery of
St. Mark's Church, built in 1807.

Henry Paffard

544 Steel Engraving of Rev. R. Me-
Gill, St. Andrew's, 1829-1845, and St.
Paul's, Montreal, 1845-1856.

Miss Currie

545 Water Color of St. Mark's in 1834,
by D'Almaine, owned by F. H.
Comer, given to Rev. W. McMurray.

F. H. Grainger

546 Pencil Sketch of St. Mark's, by
Miss D. Muirhead.

Mrs. Ratcliffe, Toronto

547 Deed of Pew No. 34 to W. H.
Charles, St. Mark's. Mrs. Follett

548 Marriage Certificate of 1822 of
John Whitten and Jane Cassaday.

Mrs. Follett

549 Deed of Pew 35 to Jas. Whitten.

Mrs. Follett

550 Photo of Tablet to Mrs. McMur-
ray, nee Baxter. Mrs. J. C. Garrett

551 Census Enumerator's Roll, St.
Mark's, 1848, number represented
1,062. Miss Green

552 Present Interior and Exterior of
St. Mark's. Miss Curtis, Hamilton

553 Statement of Chippewa Bible So-
ciety. Mrs. R. G. Scherck, Toronto

554 Pencil Sketch of Stamford Church
(St. John's), 1825, taken by P. A.
Paterson, when a lad, about 1860.

Mrs. Jas. Ker, B.C.

555 Ruins of Sir Perigrine Maitland's
Mansion, 1860, by P. A. Peterson.

Mrs. Jas. Ker, B.C.

556 Water Color, Roses, done by Mrs.
Susannah Moodie, in 1870, with her
autograph. Chas. Hunter, Toronto

557 Address, presented to Rev. Chas.
Campbell in 1878, by inhabitants of
the town. C. J. Campbell, Toronto

558 Address, presented to same by
pupils of Public School.

C. J. Campbell, Toronto

559 Sampler, done by Ann Jackson,
afterwards Mrs. C. Camidge, in Eng-
land, 1823. Albert Davey

560 Pencil Sketch of Log House of
Wm. Riley, in 1816. Mrs. Guillen

561-62 Samplers done by Margaret
Stewart, 1812; Katherine Ball, Thor-
old, 1812; - Augusta Stewart, 1834,
and Elizabeth Johnson, wife of
Ralfe Clench, and granddaughter of
Sir William Johnson and Mary
Brant.

Miss Stewart, Toronto, and Mrs.
Radcliff, Toronto.

563 Whirlpool Tavern, by E. Mickle.

Purchase

564 Sampler done in Scotland, 1819.

Mrs. Curtis

565 Landscape in Satin Stitch on
White Satin, done by Mrs. M. Mc-
Cormick, nee Arnoldi, when a girl in
a convent, Montreal, about 1778.

Purchase

566 English Valentine, 1845; Dance
programme, 1846; painting by Miss
F. McCormick, Niagara, 1853.

Miss Alma

567 Scrip for Two Dollars, Quebec,
1814. C. A. F. Ball

568. Scrip for Four Shillings, colonial,
Pennsylvania, 1773. C. A. F. Ball

569 Certificate given to John Penner
by Thos. Barnett at the Museum in
1849, that he had gone 230 feet
under the Falls.

Mrs. W. Cotton, Ottawa

570 Masonic Apron from Scotland, of
Robert Kay, hand-painted on silk.

Mrs. Burke, Toronto

571 Collection of Cards, Invitations,
Tickets, etc., from 1829 to 1871, col-
lected from various sources.

Miss Carnochan

572 Collection of Envelopes before
stamps were used, showing different
rates of postage, 1857-1865.

Alfred Ball

573 Photo of House of Peter Ball,
built in 1816. It has been moved,
and is now used as a packing house
for fruit. The house of late R. N.
Ball is near this site.

Miss Julia Rankin, Detroit

574 Water Color of Old Mill at Chip-
pawa, of Thos. Cummings. Made ana
given by Mrs. Harvey.

575 Sconce Used in Servos Mill, Wood
from Servos Mill, 1784. J. D. Servos

576 Crayon of Dr. Anderson, in frame.
Given by Mrs. and Miss Billings.

577 Large Portrait of Hugh J. Chis-
holm. H. J. Chisholm, New York

578 Photograph of J. Ross Robertson.

J. Ross Robertson, Toronto

HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES.

579 Mantel, with crane, which belong-
ed to Angel Inn, next called Man-
sion House, kept by Richard How-
ard, then John Fraser. The Free-
masons at one time met in the
building. Wm. Richardson

580 English Copper Warming Pan,
said to be 200 years old.

James Dorritty

581 Foot Warmer to carry to Church,
100 years old. Miss Dreger

582 Stocking Stretcher of Dr. Lowe.

Mrs. J. D. Servos

583 Small Iron Tea Kettle.

Miss Cronch, Virgil

584 Brass Kettle, 1824.

Mrs, C. A. F. Ball

585 Wafer Iron. Mrs. C. A. F. Ball

586 Copper Kettle from Ireland.

Mrs. Taylor

587 Reflector or Dutch Oven.

Exchange

588 Bake Kettle for Bread. Exchange

589 Waffle Irons. Mrs. H. Clement

590 Old Fire Bellows from Ireland.

Joseph Johnson, Toronto

591 Old Oaken Bucket from near Ken-
nedy's Hollow. Chas. Addison

592-605 Two Long-handled Frying
Pans, three-legged frying pans, toast-
ing rack, iron skillet, old pepper
mill, basiket for raising bread, sau-
sage filler, pan rest, large tea tray,
fire box for hot coals, scales.

C. A. F. Ball

606 -7 Lanthorn, toasting rack.

P. Whitmore

608 Mortar and Pestle, for pounding
spice, etc., over 100 years old, used
by Daniel Field. Murray Field

609 Candle Moulds for 48 candles, used
by John McCarthy. Murray Field

610-614 Butter Ladle, 1820, pancake
turn-over, scoop, home-made cow-
bell, heavy andirons, all in use in
Fonthill in early part of last cen-
tury. J. de W. Randall

615 Roaster for Small Game, over 10U
years old, originally the property of
Daniel Servos. Alex. Servos,

616 Old Clock, 1840. Robert Reid

617 Beam Scales. F. K. Walsh
618-625 Dinner Horn, lantern (perfor-
ated), potato, graip, wooden scoop
shovel, apple paring machine, fire
tongs, fire shovel, potato grater.
Exchange with Archaeological Mu-
seum.

627 Large Tea Tray. Mrs. Pollett

628 Tongs, from Berwickshire.

D. Goodall

629 Box Stove, used in Mechanics' In-
stitute. Public Library

630 Castellated Stove, 1853.

Mrs. Sampson, Toronto

631 Candle Moulds for 12 Candles, of
C. Goring. F. P. Clement

632 Door Latch from Hudson Bay
Fort, Temiskaming.

Miss Munro, North Bay

633 Candle Moulds for 12 Candles.

Miss Crouch, Virgil

634 Ox Bit and Snuffers.

Mrs. C. Brown

635 Foot Warmer. Mrs. Currie

636 Ox-yoke used in Early Times.

Joseph Clement, Virgil

637 Yoke used for Carrying Pails of
Water, milk, sap. J. de W. Randall

638 Bell of Earthenware, curiously
painted by Mrs. Gilkison.

Miss Gilkison, Brantford

639 Heavy Old Andirons. Miss Painter

640 Iron Frame in the Chimney, for

weather-vane, of perhaps the oldest
house in town. Miss Painter

641 Historic Copper Kettle, whi<ch be-
longed to Laura Ingersoll Secord, in
which she placed the gold doub-
loons for safety in the war of 1812-

14. Given by her granddaughter.

Miss Augusta Smith, Guelph

NAVAL: ANCHORS, PICTURES OF
BOATS, ETC.

642 Anchor found on lake shore, sup-
posed to be that of schooner On-
tario, lost in 1780.

J. Griffith, Virgil

643 Grapnel Anchor, found near Nia-
gara, on shore of Lake Ontario.

Charles Ball

644 Sailor's Knot, made by a ship-
wrecked sailor. Mrs. Follett

645 Model of Hull of first City of Tor-
onto, built at Niagara, 1840, used as
a clock shelf once.

Miss S. J. Dickson, Toronto

646 Poster of Temperance Excursion
on City of Toronto, 1846, with names
of committee. Bert Andrews

647 Water Color Pictures of two
yachts, 1856, by Armstrong.

Colin Milloy

648 Photograph of Dr. Hodder, com-
modore of the Yacht Club.

Miss Hodder, Toronto

649 Photograph of Capt. Gates, of
Richmond packet, 1820-26.

Miss M. Oates, Toronto

650 Sextant used on steamer J. Colby,
the first whale back steamer taken
to Atlantic Ocean.

C. D. Secord, Buffalo

651 Photo of Chicora, as a Confeder-
at^ blockade runnel, built at Birken-
head, 1864. Cut in two to pass
through canals to Lake Superior,
was Lord Wolseley's transport,
1870; Niagara Navigation Co., 1878-
1911. J. Clark, Toronto

652 Photo of Capt. D. Milloy, com-
mander of Zimmerman and City of
Toronto II. Mrs. D. Milloy

653 Oil Painting of Steamer Queen-
ston, built at Queenston, 1824, for R.
Hamilton, 350 tons.

Judge Hamilton, Kingston

654 Painting of Steamer Great Britain,
700 tons, built at Prescott, 1830, for
John Hamilton. Both sailed from
Niagara to Prescott.

Judge Hamilton, Kingston

655 Oil Painting of Steamer Peerless,

built at Dumbarton-on-the-Clyde, fin-
ished at Niagara, 400 tons, com-
manded by Capt. Dick, wrecked.

Mrs. McGaw, Toronto

656 Oil Painting of First Steamer City
of Toronto, built at Niagara, 1840,
commanded by Capt. Dick, 500 tons.

Miss Gordon, Toronto

657 Portrait of Capt. Dick.

Miss Gordon, Toronto

658 Water Color of Chief Justice Rob-
inson, 400 tons, which sailed during
the winters from Niagara to Tor-
onto, built at Niagara, 1842. Copied
by permission of Mrs. Milloy, by
F. H. Grainger.

659 Photograph of Canada, built at
Niagara, 1854, 700 tons.

Huron Institute

660 Cabin Window of Steamer Chief
Justice Robinson, afterwards used
in cottage of C. Milloy.

Jas. Dorritty

661 Plan of Harbor and Dock Co.,
1831. John A. Blake

662 Plan of Car Factory Buildings at
Dock (blue print).

W. B. Allan, St. Catharines

663 Document presented to John Bol-
ton, by Royal Humane Society for
saving the lives of nine persons
near the mouth of Niagara River,
24th May, 1892. Mrs. John Bolton

664 Mantel Bought from J_. A. Blake.
Is believed to date back to 1812.
The centre part was missing and
was made later. The centre panel
was chip carved by a friend in Tor-
onto. Purchase

665 Judge's Chair, used in jail and
courthouse of 1817. Town Council

56 Prisoners' Dock, used in court-
house of 1847. Mayor Randall

667 Poster, with charges of police
court, 1848. R. Reid

668 Old Piano, made by Frederick
Priestley, Oxford street, London,
England. t Mrs. Silverthorn

669 Old Sun Dial. Mrs. Bottomley

670 Large Framed Picture of Steamer
Canada, built at Niagara, 1854, with
flags flying, and two curious little
flags with Canadian beaver and Am-
erican eagle. Miss Kennedy

671 Piano, one of two in York, now
Toronto, nearly 100 years ago, made
by Mortimer & Anderson, Edin-
burgh.

CASE VIII.

MEDALS AND FAMILY RELICS.

674 Silhouettte of Com. Gen. J. Mc-
Nab, on duty at Fort Niagara, when
under the British. Mrs. Newton

675 Daguerreotype of Chief Johnson,
near Brantford, with feathers and
war medals. Mrs. Newton

676 Clasp for Valise, left by fugitive
after battle of Culloden.

Miss J. E. Wood

677 Lord's Prayer, in a space of %-
inch square, by Mr. Keefer, 1820.

Mrs. Radcliffe

678 Daguerreotype of Mrs. Prickett, a
nurse in Niagara for many years.

Miss Crouch, Virgil

679 Semi-Centennial Souvenir, Tor-
onto, 1834-1884.

Mrs. Jas. Carnochan

680 Communion Token, 1800. Silver
Brooch, of East Indian workman-
ship, from hand of a victim in In-
dian Mutiny. Miss J. E. Wood

681 Brass Ladle (round), found at St.
Davids. Walter Slack, St. Davids

682 Silver Table Spoon, with letter N.
for Nancy Dockstadter, wife of J. B.
Muirhead. Mrs. Richards, Pittsburg

683 Silver Spoon of Mrs. T. McCor-
mick, nee Jarvis.

Mrs. E. J. Thompson, Toronto
684-688 Hair Bracelet, with gold and
amethyst clasp, gold sugar tongs and
spoon, also two small bottles for
smelling salts, which belonged to
Mrs. G. E. McMullen.

Mrs. Bottomley

689 Pocket Compass and Sun Dial,
from China.

Sergt. Torry, 31st Regt., Dv.rham

690 Silver Spoon, found at Butler's
Farm; has the crest of the Gordons,
"Dum Vigilo Tutos." Nelson Bissell

691 Silver Toddy Muddler, found at
Fort George. Lawrence Servos

692-97 Daguerreotype, of Charles,
George and Samuel McCormick, pen-
cil sketch of Charles McCormick,
1827; silver buttons worn on boy's
coat, 1820; daguerreotype of Miss
Agnes Blake, a Niagara belle, 1850;
daguerreotype of Mrs. Jacobs, daugh-
ter of Commodore A. Grant, 1789-
1861. Miss Gilkison, Brantford

698 Small Model of Aztec Head, terra
cotta. Exchange

699 Medals, commemorating Queen's
Diamond Jubilee and Brant Monu-
ment. P. Librock

700-703 Medal for Industrial Exhibi-
tion, 1900; South African medal, Ed-
ward VII.; Ter-Centenary medal,
Quebec, 1608-1908; card counters
brought from India by 'a British of-
ficer. Mrs. E. J. Thompson

704-705 Daguerreotype of Joseph Barr,
killed at the Desjardins Canal bridge
R. R. accident, 1857; Semi-Centen-
nial medal of Toronto, 1834-1884.

Mrs. H. Rogers

706 Gold Watch bought in Paris, used
in Ireland over a century ago by
Mrs. Peter Alma. Miss Alma

707-709 Two Communion Tokens, one
of St. Andrew's church,, 1831. Talbot
Centennial badge, 1803-1903.

Miss Carnochan

710 Large Pewter Medal, commemor-
ating Queen Victoria's visit to Lon-
don on Lord Mayor's Day, 9th Nov.,
1837. Found at Fort Mississagua.

Hamilton Garrett

711 Bi-Centenary Medal of Chateau de
Ramezay, built 1705; India Co.,
1745; Continental Army, 1775; Gov-
ernment House, 1837.

R. W. McLachlan, Montreal

712 Corner of Mirror of Steamer Ar-
abia, built at Niagara.

Miss E. Campbell, Toronto

713 Temperance Medal, found in Ni-
agara, with inscription "We abstain
from all intoxicating liquors except
for medical purposes and religious
observances." George Goff

714 Simcoe Medal, centenary of Upper
Canada, 1792-1892.

Mrs. Charles Hunter, Toronto

715 Two Chinese Cash, picked up in
Pekin by Sergt. Haden, of the Em-
bassies' Relief Force.

Sergt. Haden, Hamilton

716 Piece of Royal George, made into
seal, was in the water 57 years,
from 1782, when 800 lives were lost.

Miss Paffard

717 Medal Struck at Coronation of Ed-
ward VII., in 1902; on the reverse
Queen Victoria, giving birth, death,
marriage, ascension to throne.

J. E. Carswell, London

718 Medal Struck at Opening of City
Hall, Toronto, 1899.

Miss Carnochan

719-20 Two Brant Medals, Chief Jos-
eph Brant (Thyendanegea), 1742-
1807. Monument unveiled at Brant-
ford, 1886.

Mrs. J. G. Thompson, P. Librock

721 Large Bronze Medal, struck by the
medalist Kenning, with Masonic
coat-of-arms, to commemorate the
jubilee, 1887.

J. Ross Robertson, Toronto

722 Medal from copper of Nelson's
ship Victory. Purchase

723 Centenary Medal of Onondaga
Historical Society, with long house
and inscription, 1794-1894. Canoe,
Hiawatha, Indians.

Onondaga Historical Society, Syra-
cuse.

724 Two German Silver Spoons, very
old. Mrs. Deveau

CASE IX.

RARE PAMPHLETS.

725 Trial of R. Lowick, for attempt to
assassinate King William III., 1696.

Thos. Dick McGaw, Toronto

726-7 Thanksgiving Sermons, preach-
ed in Boston by Dr. Mayhew, 1760-1,
for victories in Canada and India.

Mrs. J. E. Wilson, Toronto

728 Edinburgh Almanac, 1771.

Mrs. H. Rogers

729-31 Arithmetic Exercise Book in
German, 1775. Two German pam-
phlets, 1783. Mrs. C. A. F. Ball

732-34 Report of Education Commit-
tee, 1790. Letter from Philadel-
phia, printed 1795. Late Negotia-
tions at Lisle, 1797. C. A. F. Ball

735 Part of Diary, supposed to be that
of Rev. R. Addison as chaplain on
British man-of-war, 1791, found in
wall of old home of Rev. R. Addi-
son (Lake Lodge). A. Onslow

736-40 Five New York Missionary

Magazines, 1800-1.

Mrs. J. G. Wilson, Toronto
741-43 Statutes of Upper Canada, 1803,

1810, 1821. C. A. F. Ball

744 Account Book, 1806 to 1827, of Jas.
Cooper.

Mrs. McCarthy, St. Catharines

745 Adviser, Vermont, 1812.

Mrs. J. E. Wilson, Toronto

746 Solemn Protest Against War of
1812, sermon preached by D. Osgood.

Jas. Bain, Toronto

747 Form of Prayer, ordered by
Bishop of Quebec in war of 1812-14.
One prayer is for the enemy.

Rev. R. Ker, St. Catharines
748-9 Statutes of Upper Canada, 1813.

Miss Glaus

750 Sermon, preached in Falkirk, 1813.

Mrs. Coleman

751 Case of Leonard Wilcox, 1815. '

John Carnochan

752 Sermon on Battle of Waterloo,
Dublin, 1815, by Rev. P. Roe.

A. Onslow

753 Conversation Cards, 1818, Albany.

Miss Keating, St. Catharines
754-56 Register of Births, Deaths,
Marriages, kept by Rev. W. Samp-
son at Grimsby, 1817-1822.

Alfred Ball

757 Poem, given by M. Burwell, 1818.

Miss A. Paffard

758 American Cook Book, 1819.

Mrs. J. C. Garrett

759 Report of Select Committee, 1821.

C. A. F. Ball

760 Christian Recorder, York, 1821.

C. A. F. Ball

761 Rules of Chartered Banks, 1822.

John Carnochan

762 Copy of Funeral Sermon, preach-
ed 1822, of Rev. W. Sampson. -*

Miss Minnie Ball

763 Niagara Almanac, printed at
Lewiston, 1824. —-

Thos. P. Blain, St. Catharines

764 Canadian Magazine, 1825, Mont-
real.

765 Culver's Hymn Book, printed at
St. Catharines, 1826.

John Carnochan

766 Gidden's Anti-Masonic Almanac,
1828. Mrs. S. Walker, Winnipeg

767 Pamphlet on York Harbour, by
Hugh Richardson. Jno. A. Blake

768 Christian Sentinel, 1827.

C. A. F. Ball

769 Speech of Rev. John Strachan,
1828. Miss Glaus

770 Curious Little Book, American
Toilet. Date ? Mrs. C. A. F. Ball

771 Gidden's Almanac, 1831, trial re
abduction of Morgan.

Mrs. Radcliffe, Toronto

772 Caroline Almanac, 1840, by W. L.
McKenzie while in Rochester jail.

Mrs. Radcliffe, Toronto

773 Report of Select Committee re
Protestant Clergy, 1835.

C. A. P. Ball

774 Report of Presbyterian Missions,
1835. Jno. Carnochan

775-81 Speech of Sir Francis Bond
Head, 1836. Despatch of Lord
Glenelg. Report of Select Committee
and Answer, 1836. Proceeding of
House of Assembly re Clergy Re-
serves, 1836. Debate in House of
Assembly, 1836. Report re Govern-
ment Grants to Clergy, 1836. Im-
portant Debate, 1836.

C. A. F. Ball

782 German Pamphlet, printed at Ber- ^
lin, U. C., 1836. Mrs. C. A. F. Ball

783-5 Speech of Hon. John Rolph, 1837.^
Report re Welland Canal to Niagara
River, 1837. Resolutions of House
of Assembly, 1838, re breach of neu-
trality. C. A. F. Ball

786 Reply of Wm. Morris to six let-
ters to him by Rev. Jno. Strachan,
1838. Jas. Bain, Toronto

787-8 Gazette, printed at Rochester,
1841, by W. L. McKenzie; some
pages of McLeod's trial.

Jno. Carnochan

789-91 Sermons of Rev. T. Creen on /
different special occasions, 1833,
1837, 1846; Cholera, Victoria, W.
Dickson.

Mrs. Radcliffe and Miss Creen

792 Manuscript of F. Goring, 1839. '

J. P. Clement, Virgil

793 Account Book of John Fraser, /
1839-1851, for mending sails of boats
named as Princess, Sovereign, Can-
ada, Gore, Transit, Princess Royal,
America, City of Toronto, Chief Jus-
tice, Admiral, Arabian, etc.

Mrs. Follett

794 The Volunteer, by W. Lyon Mc-847 Rebellion Losses Bill, 1849.
Kenzie at Rochester, N. Y. C. A. F. Ball

Miss G-onder, Black Creek g48 Catalogue of Engravings at exhi-
795 Dissent and Protest of Presbyter- bition in Parliament Buildings, 1852.
Jno. Carnochan

1844.

of Hon. Francis Hincks,
Jas. Bain, Toronto

797 Franklin Almanac, 1846.

798-823 Punch in Canada, 1849-1850, 26
copies. Miss Glaus

824 Plan of Colonization, by J. Fitz-
gerald, 1850. Jno. Carnochan

825 In Memoriam of Miss Catherine
Brown, 1857. C. A. F. Ball

826 Battle of Queenston Heights, 1859,
by Symons. Mrs. J. G. Currie

827 Sermon by Bishop Fuller at Thor-
old, 1842. Miss Guineard

828 Address to Workingmen, 1853.

David Boyle, Toronto

829 Story of Abigail Becker, who
•saved nine lives, 1854, poem and sig-
nature. Mrs. Rohrer, Walsmgham

830 Address at Jubilee of Marriage of
Jno. C. Ball, 1812-1862. Miss M. Ball

831 Journal of War of 1812, by Win.
Hamilton Merritt, 1863.

Miss Carnochan

,832 Bank Book of John McCulloch,

1864, wholesale merchant in Niagara;

Clarence Lyall

833 Fenian Raid, 1866.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

834 Literary Garland, Montreal.

^835-6 Two Sermons by Rev. W. Mc-
Murray. Rev. J. C. Garrett

837 Urbana Gazette, . 1800 (death of
Geo. Washington). Jno. Simpson

838 Watch Tower, Urbana, 1812.

Dr. Fisher, Elkhart, Ind.

V839 Travels of J. Goldie, 1819, printed

1889. Dr. Caven, Toronto

840-842 Sentinel, 1830, Three Rivers;

Garland of 1832; Ladies' Garland,

1841; Peabody's Magazine, 1834.

Mrs. P. Roe

843 Housekeepers' Almanac, 1842.

J. A. Blake

844 Toronto Almanac, 1841-2.

845 Advertisement of Caledonia
Springs, 1846. R. Wilkinson

846 Extra of Montreal Pilot, 1849, re-
bellion losses. Jno. Carnochan

Mrs. O'Brien, Barrie
849-50 Funeral Cards of R. Cummings,
1848, and of T. C. Street, 1872.

Miss Gilkison, Brantford
851 Sermon at Death of Duke of Wel-
lington at Elora, 1852. A. Onslow
852-3 American Cook Book, 1867, and
Travellers' Guide; sermon of Henry
Ward Beecher, 1872, Plymouth
church. Mrs. J. C. Garrett

854 Sermon in St. Paul's Cathedral of
Rev. W. McMurray, 1864.

Rev. J. C. Garrett
's Oraculum, or
J.

856 Judgment Book in school of O. F.
Miller, Classical Academy.

J. A. Blake

857 Cariboo Rhymes, 1864-8.

A. R. Carnochan, St. Catharines

858 Cariboo Sentinel, 1862.

A. R. Carnochan, St. Catharines

859 Aberdeen Journal, original copy,
Dec. 29th, 1747. Also re-printed
copy. Mrs. Duthie

860 Constitution of Japan.

Com. Barber, U. S. Navy, Paris,
France.

861 Maryland Journal and Baltimore
Advertiser, 12 x 16 inches, 10 shil-
lings per annum, Aug. 20th, 1773.

Miss Dreger

862 Trial of Eliza Dawson, Halifax,
N. S. J. A. Blake

863. Confession of Sophia Hamilton,
Fredericton, N. B. J. A. Blake

864 List of Names of children who
contributed five or ten cents each
for Canadian contingent in South
Africa under General Otter, 1901,
amounting to $12. There were 206
names. Mrs. J. H. Lewis

CASE X.

865-6 Books and Pamphlets, printed in
Niagara. Upper Canada Gazette,
Aug. 14th, 1794; Dec. 10th, 1794.

C. A. F. Ball

867 Proclamation of John Graves Sim-
coe, 1795. Thomas Talbot, acting
secretary.

Mrs. E. J. Thompson, Toronto

8 Bill to Improve Communication
Between Lake Erie and Ontario.

Printed by G. & S. Tiffany, 1799.

58-9 Love of Country, sermon by Rev.
R. McGill, 1838. Two copies.

C. A. F. Ball, Miss Carnochan

869 Confession of Mennonites, Amster-
dam. Re-printed at Niagara, 1811.

C. A. F. Ball

870 Bound Volume of Gleaner, Dec.,
1817, to June, 1818, first six months.

Mrs. T. Elliott

871 Mavor's Spelling Book, re-printed
1824 by Andrew Heron.

Mrs. T. Elliott

872 Introduction to English Reader, re-
printed at Niagara, 1821.

W. V. Havens, Aldboro
873-5 Reports 1st, 2nd, 3rd Committee
of Niagara District Society for Pro-
moting Christian Knowledge, for
1827-8-9. Printed at Herald and
Gleaner office, Niagara, and Leaven-
worth's, St. Catharines, respectively.
C. A. F. Ball

876 Rules and Regulations of Niagara
Fire Company No. 1, printed by A.
Heron, 1830. Jno. Carnochan

877 Reprint of Lives of Lord Byron,
Lord Nelson, Alexander the Great,
and Mohammed. First Canadian
edition, S. Heron, 1831.

Walter Reid

878 Second Copy of Above.

J. Stark, Grand Haven, Mich.

879 History of the War of 1812, by
V David Thompson, late Royal Scots,

printed by Thos. Sewell, 1832.

Miss Curzon, Toronto

880 Copy of Gleaner, 1833.

Canon Bull, Niagara Falls
881-3 Rules of Young Men's Society,
John Rogers, sec., 1834. Catalogue
of St. Andrew's Congregational Lib-
rary, 1834. First Annual Report of
Tract Society, 1834.

Miss Carnochan

884 Rules and Regulations of Niagara
Literary Society, printed by T.
Sewell, 1835. Jno. Carnochan

885 Canadian Fortget-me-not, 1837,
published by John Simpson.

Miss Carnochan

886 Second Copy of Above, given by
A. H. U. Colquhoun, LL.D., Toronto

887 Sermon by Rev. Thos. Creen, dur-
^ ing Rebellion, 1838.

Mrs. Radcliffe, Toronto

890-6 Christian Examiner and Presby-'
terian Review, published by W. D.

Miller, printed by T. Sewell, 1838-9.
Seven numbers. Miss Glaus

897-902 Six Numbers of Above, 1836-8.
Herbert Blake

903 Farmers' and Mechanics' Almanac,
1838, Sewell. Mrs. Radcliffe

904 Canadian Spelling Book, by A. Dav-
idson, 1840. Jno. Carnochan

905-6 Two Copies of Same, later edi-
tions, 1841-2, but incomplete. Print-
ed and published by Alexander Dav-
idson. Miss Carnochan

907 Prayers and Meditations of Rev.
R. McGill, printed by John Simpson,
1842. Miss Carnochan

908 Second Copy of Rev. R. McGill's
Prayers and Meditations.

R. Wynn

909 Report of Church Society, Niagara
District branch, Chronicle office,
1844. C. A. F. Ball

910 Agricultural Reader, by vice-presi- *
dent of the society, supposed to be
Bishop Fuller, printed by Jno. Simp-
son, 1845. Mrs. Elliott

911-6 Canadian Mercantile Almanac,
1844-9, by John Simpson.

Mrs. Elliott

917 Cookery Book, by a Niagara lady
(Miss Davidson, afterwards Mrs.
Sanderson), 1846.

Miss Crouch, Virgil

918 Trial of S. Barnes, 1848, in Niag-
ara. Wm. Forbes, Grimsby

919 Constitution Niagara Mechanics'
Institute, 1848. Miss Carnochan

920 Mutual Fire Insurance Co., 1849. '

921 Horticultural and Mechanical So-/
ciety Circular.

Mrs. Whitelaw, Kansas City, Mo.

922-6 Municipal Council Proceedings, /
County of Lincoln, 1849, 1852, 1858.
Minutes of Niagara District Council,
±849, 1853. Mrs. D. Servos

927-8 Mercantile Almanac, Report of
Niagara District Permanent Building
Society, 1852. J. A. Blake

929 Constitution of St. Mark's Sunday
School, printed by John Simpson,
1852. C. A. F. Ball

930 The U. E., a poem in twelve can-
tos, printed and published by Wm.
Kirby, the author, at the Mail office,
1859. Dr. Avery

931-2 Catalogue of Books in Public
Library, 1895. Constitution of Me-
chanics' Institute.

Miss Carnochan

933-42 Funeral Invitations from 1839 to
1868, nine in number. Miss Follett

943-62 Funeral Invitations, 21 in num-
ber, from 1821 to 1860, among them
Col. Nicholl, 1824; Thos. Dickson,
1825; Hon. W. Glaus, 1826, etc.

Mrs. C. A. F. Ball

963-1013 Funeral Invitations, 41 in
number, printed in Niagara.

Miss Crouch, Virgil

1014 Catalogue of Books in Mechanics'
Institute, 1861. Printed by F. M.
Whitelaw. F. H. Grainger

1015 Package of Funeral Cards, over
100 in number, town and township.

Miss Crouch, Virgil

CASE XI.

RARE BOOKS, CANADIAN, MANY
REFERRING TO NIAGARA.

1016 Town and Township Record,

1793-1837.

Loaned by Township Council

1017 Record Book of First Library in
Upper Canada, at Niagara, 1800-1820.

By purchase

1018 Matthew Henry's Communicant's
Companion, 1799, which belonged to
above library, marked Niagara Lib-
rary, 1801, No. 81.

Mrs. W. Meneilley, Warkworth

1019 Heriot's Travels, 1807, containing
many engravings.

T. F. Norris, Bay City, Mich.

1020 Report of Loyal and Patriotic So-
ciety, printed at Montreal, 1817.

Miss McKim, Toronto

1021 Abstract of Soicety for Propogat-
ing the Gospel, 1819. Colin Milloy

1022a Falls of Niagara, by J. Maude,
travels in 1800, printed in 1826.

Miss Gordon, Toronto

1023 Montreal Directory, 1819.

Herbert Blake

1024 First Novel Printed in Upper Can-
ada, Kingston, 1824, St. Ursula's
Convent, by Julia C. Beckwith, aged
17. Miss Winterbottom

1025 Book with Label of Niagara Lib-
rary, 1825. Miss Crouch, Virgil

1026 First Poem Published in Upper
Canada, York, 1825, by J. L. Alexan-
der, "Wonders of the West," first
pages lacking; copied from his copy
in his own hand by Dr. Bain, Chiel
Librarian, Toronto.

Miss Carnochan

1027 York Almanac, Fothergill, 1825.

T. P. Blain, St. Catharines

1028 Tecumseh, a Poem, by an "Eng-
lish Officer" (Major Richardson),
1828. Miss Carnochan

1029 History of Nova Scotia, 1829, by
Haliburton. Mrs. H. A. Garrett

1030 Huron Chief, a Poem, by Adam
Kidd, Montreal, 1830.

Mrs. J. E. Wilson, Toronto

1031 Travels in Upper Canada, by Rev.
J. Fidler, 1833.

A. W. Wright, Toronto

1032 History of Ojibway Indians, 1861,
by Rev. Peter Jones. Purchase

1033 Book with Label of Junior Re-
ligious Library, Niagara. H. Blake

1034 Letters from Van Dieman's Land,
by Benj. Waite, 1843.

Miss Quade, Ransomville, N. Y.

1035 Indian Researches, by Jas. Bea-
van, 1844. Mrs. E. J. Thompson

1036 Life of Rev. Peter Jones, 1860.

Miss Quade, Ransomville, N. Y.

1037 War of 1812-14, by G. Auchin-
lech, 1855. Colin Milloy

1038 War of 1812, W. W. Coffin, 1564.

Miss Curzon

1039 Roughing It in the Bush, by Sus-
annah Moodie, 1852. Miss Dreger

1040 Life in the Clearings, by S.
Moodie. Mis.s Carnochan

1041 Hymns Translated Into Indian by
Rev. Peter Jones. Rev. N. Smith

1042 History of Gait, by Hon. James
Young, 1880. Hon. J. Young, Gait

1043 Journal of Hon. W. H. Merritt,
1875. Mrs. D. Servos

1044 St. Mark's Centennial, 1892, by
Janet Carnochan. Miss Carnochan

1045 St. Andrew's Centennial, 1894, by
Janet Carnochan. Mis.s Carnochan

1046 Centennial of St. Mark's, a poem
by Rev. J. C. Garrett.

Rev. J. C. Garrett

1047 Pensioner (commuted).

Mrs. S. Campbell

CASE XII.

RARE BOOKS.

1048 Civil and Ecclesiastical Law, Ox-
ford, 1662. Colin Milloy

1049-52 Poetae Minores, Graeci, Cam-
bridge, 1652; P. Virgilii, Maronis
Opera, Paris, 1699; Homer's Iliad,
1706; Ecclesiastical History, London,
1722. Mrs. Camidge

1053-54 Vertue's Plates of Seals, etc.,
1675; Whole Duty of Woman, Phila-
delphia, 1812. Miss Dreger

1055-56 Art of Wheedling, 1675; Trav-
els in Ireland, 1805. W. T. Gray

1057-59 Tableau du Sacrament, 1664,
and tracts, printed in Berlin, Am-
sterdam, Cologne, Bremen, etc.; Let-
ters of Charlotte, New York, 1797;
Heart of Midlothian, 1830, Edin-
burgh. Miss Carnochan

1060 Discourse on Death, 1723.

Miss M. Ball

1061 Dionysii Longinus, 1718, 1730.

Mis.s Green

1062 Plays of Oliver Goldsmith, Ed-
inburgh, 1791.

Wm. McDougal Newton

1063 Rasselas, by Samuel Johnson,
1795. Mrs. H. A. Garrett

1064 Voyages of Alexander McKenzie,
1781-1793. Jno. Simpson

1065-67 Treaty of Amity and Com-
merce, 1795, Philadelphia; Pamela,
by S. Richardson, 1812, Philadelphia;
Seven Wise Masters of Rome, 1815.
C. A. F. Ball

1068-70 Thompson's Seasons, with
copperplate engravings. Gray's
Poems, 1801. Narrative of Lt. Hay-
wood re Mutiny of the Bounty, 1835.
Mrs. H. A. Garrett

1071-72 French Grammar, 1809, with
board covers. Cook Book, 1830.

Mis.s Keating, St. Catharines

1073-74 Bloomfield's Wild Flowers,
1816, Cook's Edition. Vicar of
Wakefield. Miss C. Rye, England

1075 Narrative of North-West Com-
pany re Lord Selkirk, Montreal, 1817.

Miss Minnie Ball

1076 Exiles of Siberia, 1825.

Mrs. C. Brown

1077 Ladies' Magazine, 1829.

Mrs. Parsons

1078 Mysteries of Udolpho, 1834.

Mrs. Helliwell, St. Catharines

1079 Report of Grievances, 1835, Dun-
comb.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

1080 Magistrate's Manual, Toronto,
1835. Mrs. F. Walker

1081 Itinerarium Novi Testamenti,
with copperplate engravings.

Jonathan Niven

10*82 History of Madeira, with 27 odd
illustrations. Colin Milloy

1083-84 Sullivan's Campaign, Roches-
ter, with account of re-interments.
Illustrated History of Niagara
County, N.Y., with much relating to
Fort George,

Miss Quade, Ransomville
1085 Church Service of Steamship Vir-
ginia State Line, saved from wreck
on Sable Island, 1879, given by Miss
Carnochan to Commander Barber,
now sent by him after travelling
twice round the world, being in
China, Japan, Egypt, Java, Rome,
Berlin, etc.

Commander F. Barber, U.S. Navy,
Paris, France.

CASE XIII.

CONTRIBUTED BY THE BALL
FAMILY.

1086-1104 Large Tortoise Shell Comb,
two Dress Caps, Leghorn Bonnet of
1837, Housewife, Long White Kid
Gloves, White Silk Stockings, Hand-
worked Embroidered Collar, Neck
Shawl, Handkerchief, Silk Waist,
Silk Embroidered Cape, Green Silk
Veil, Scarf woven by French-Can-
adians for lumberman, Black Bonnet
of 1837, Flax Spun, Ball of Linen
Thread spun in Niagara Township
in early years, Chenille Shawl, Silk
Bandanna, Hand-bag, Box of Wafers.
Mrs. C. A. F. Ball

1105-14 Work Box of 1820, Waist of
India Muslin from wedding dress
of Mrs. J. W. Ball, 1841; Malachite
Brooch, Fans painted by Mrs. J.
W. Ball, Neck Shawl, Hand-worked
Collar, Silk Stockings, Handker-
chiefs. Miss Emma Ball

1115-29 Dress Coat of Rev. W. Samp-
son, of Grimsby, 1817-25, two Fire
Screens, painted by Mrs. J. W. Ball,
Silk Embroidery, Fans, Collar, Rib-

bon of 1796, Knitting Case, Knitted
Stockings (leaf pattern), Knitted
Socks, Feather Flowers, Fire Screen
of silk embroidery, Black Lace Veil,
Needle Book of 1817.

Miss Minnie Ball

1130-6 White Linen Dress Coat of Geo.
Ball, and also knee breeche.s, eye-
glasses, steel boot hooks, compass,
dental instruments, Ball coat-of-arms,
baggage check of E. and O. R. R.,
1856. Alfred Ball

1137 Bible of 1789.

Heirs of Sampson Estate

CASE XIV.

WOMAN'S CLOTHING.

1138 Empire Dress of 1806-12, of shot
silk, worn by a friend of Mrs. Mc-
Dougal. Mrs. Newton

1139-41 Quaker's Dress, Shawl, Bonnet.
Mrs. Redhead

1142 White Satin Boots, worn by Mrs.
Plumb. Mrs. O. Jones, Toronto

1143-6 Silk Shawl, Frilled Cap, White
Kid Gloves, brought from Paris in a
walnut shell, 1853. Prize chain of
1,000 buttons, made by Miss Wilson,
Collar (modern), made by Mrs.
Moore, nee Wagstaff.

Mrs. J. E. Wilson, Toronto

1147 Silk Crepe Shoulder Shawl.

Mrs. McClive, St. Catharines

1148-52 Silk Shoulder Shawl, Black

Lace Veil, Calash or Sunshade used

in England, Hand-worked Collar, Belt

Ribbon, Grandmother's Pocket.

Miss Crouch, Virgil

1153 Lace Cap worn by Mrs. W. Mc-
Cormick, nee Arnoldi, who was 70
years a widow (1765-1855).

Mrs. Jas. Geddes, Toronto

1154 Bead Purse, from Montreal, 1850.

Miss Carnochan

1155 Back Comb, worn by Mrs. McKee.

Miss M. Secord

1156-7 Bonnet made by Miss Wagstaff
for Mrs. Lowe, 1853. Muslin Cape,
Pattens. Mrs. J. D. Servos

1158-9 Two Silk Waists.

Miss J. B. S. Aikins
1160-2 Beige Shawl, Baby's Clothing,
Basket 90 years old.

Mrs. W. Richardson
1163-5 Three Silk Waists, Empire style.

Miss Currie

1166-7 Child's Slippers and Stockings,
of McCormick, 1852.

Miss Gilkison, Brantford

1168 Belt Ribbon, old.

Miss S. Stewart, Toronto

1169 Pattens. Miss Green

1170 Corset-busk, old.

Mrs. J. de W. Randall

CASE XV.

MISCELLANEOUS, MOSTLY M^N'S
WEAR.

1171 Hat Worn by Ralfe Clench at the
opening of Parliament, 17th Sept.,
1792, at Newark, now Niagara.

Johnson Clench, St. Catharines

1172 White Kid Gloves, given to Judge
Campbell in 1850, when there were
no criminal cases.

Miss E. Campbell, Toronto

1173 Panama Hat Brought from Chili
in 1825 by J. L. Alma. Miss Alma

1174 White Silk Embroidered Vest of
Senator Plumb. Mrs. Miles

1175 Regalia of Wm. Davidson, I. O.
O. F., 1848, in Niagara.

Miss M. Carnochan, Niagara Falls

1176 Masonic Apron,, 1820, of the late
S. Sheppard, of H. M. Coastguard,
England.

Jas. H. Sheppard, Queenston
1177-80 Hat Stretcher, two linen night-
caps, eyeglasses.

Mrs. W. Richardson
1181-83 White Muslin Bands worn by
Rev. T. Green; sermon case and ser-
mon preached by Rev. T. Green on
the death of Rev. R. Addison, 1829.
Miss Green

1184 Shield Made from Copper of Nel-
scn's Ship, the Victory.

Rev. H. Hall, for B. and F. Sailors'
Society.

1185 Scarf Brought from England,
1830, by Joseph Crouch.

Miss Crouch, Virgil

1186 White Satin Vest Worn by Capt.
Dick at St. Andrew's dinner, Tor-
onto. Miss Dick, Toronto

1187 Masonic Apron Worn by Late R.
Currie. Miss Currie

1188 Curious Bootjack with Hooks,
used by late Archdeacon McMurray.

Rev. J. C. Garrett

1189 Carpet Bag of Hon. Jno. Simp-
son. Miss Simpson, Ottawa

1190 Snuff Box used by F. H. Grain-
ger. R. Taylor

1191-94 Scales and Weights for Test-
in Foreign Gold, compass, eyeglasses
with pearl frame, silver pencil case,
all used by late Win. Duff Miller.

Mrs. J. E. Wilson, Toronto

1195 Pitch Pipe or Tuning Box, made
for precentor of St. Andrew's church
in 1847. Mrs. Radcliffe

1196 Silver Snuff Box, 130 years old.

Wm. Acton

1197 Watch Bought in England in
1810 by Col. T. Butler for W. Servos,
at co.st of £14 sterling ($70).

Alexander Servos

1198 Ancient Seal, said to be 200 years
old. Mrs. Dickson, Youngstown

1199 Weaver's Shuttle, with letters R.
N. Jonathan Niven

1200-1202 Spectacles, brooch and neck-
tie catch, from England, brought by
Edw. Bolton.

Chas. Bolton, his grandson

1203 Spectacle Case, 100 years old.

Mrs. Mills, Toronto

1204 Spectacles of Thos. McCormick,
manager Bank of Upper Canada, and
churchwarden of St. Mark's.

Miss Gilkison, Brantford

1205 Badge Commemorating Success
of Sir Oliver Mowat in defending
Provincial Rights.

Mrs. Jas. Carnochan

1206 Spectacles of John Barker, who
planted the fine elms at his home,
1827. Mrs. D. Servos

1207 Streamer used when Judge
Campbell ran for M.P., has the
words "The Sovereign's Privileges,
the People's Rights."

Mrs. W. Bishop

1208 Part of Frame Used for Weigh-
ing Gold. Mrs. W. Bishop

1209 Cotton Woven by an Old Man
Over 80 in 1860.

Mrs. E. J. Thompson, Toronto

CASE XVI.

CHINA— MISCELLANEOUS.

1210-12 Three Wine Glasses, one of
them cut glass. Mrs. J. Niven

1213-15 Cut Glass Decanter which be-
longed to Charles Richardson,
M.P.P.; cut glass preserve dish used

at the Brock dinner, 1840; small
Crown Derby jug.

Mis,s Crouch, Virgil

1216 Crown Derby Egg Cup, which be-
longed to Rev. R. Addison.

Mrs. J. D. Servos

1217 Small Platter which belonged to
Mrs. Lawe, 1813 (red flowers).

Mrs. P. Roe

1218. Cover of Sugar Bowl which be-
longed to Laura Ingersoll Secord.
Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

1219 Punch Bowl brought from Scot-
land, 1834. Miss Carnochan

1220 Saucer from Stamford.

Miss Carnochan

1221 Fruit Dish which belonged to Sir
Perigrine Maitland, Lt.-Governor,
1820. Mrs. D. Servos

1222-23 Two Lustre Jugs which be-
longed to Dr. Lowe.

Mrs. J. D. Servos

1224-25 Sugar Bowl, Oriental pattern;
glass dish from England.

Mrs. Jas. Hartley

1226-27 Old China Cup and Saucer,
Phaeton driving the chariot of the
sun. Mrs. Hood

1228 Sugar Bowl which belonged to
the Disher family, believed to be the
first china made in New Jersey.

Mrs. McCollum, St. Catharines

1229 Old Flower Vase. Miss Green

1230 China Sugar Bowl which belong-
ed to Ralfe Clench, of Butler's Rang-
ers, afterwards judge, M.P., etc.
Mrs. Bixby, St. Catharines, his

granddaughter.

1231 China Saucer which belonged to
Governor Simcoe, 1792.

Miss Dick, Toronto

1232 Saucer which belonged to Daniel
Secord, the first white child born in
Niagara township, about 1780.

Mrs. Mills, Toronto

1233 Hexagon Shaped Sugar Bowl.

Mrs. C. A. F. Ball

1234-35. Large Plate bought at the
Clench sale; lustre ware jug.

Miss Minnie Ball

1236-37 Davenport, Gravy Boat and
Platter, used in Moffat House in
early years, afterwards at Doyle's
Hotel. J. J. Doyle

1238 Lustre Ware Jug which belonged
to Mrs. Quade, daughter of Dominick
Henry, the lighthouse keeper, 1803-
1814. Miss Quade, Ransomville

1239 Lustre Ware Jug brought from
Scotland. Miss Creed

1240 Large Ewer used by the Rev. P.
Roe. Miss Roe

1241 China Bread Plate. Mrs, Bolton

1242 Flower Vase. Miss Westman

1243 Large Platter. Miss Dreger

1244 Bowl of Mrs. S. McKerlie, Stam-
ford. Mrs. Jas. Depew, Stamford

1254-7 China Sugar Bowl, Cup, Saucer.
Mrs. J. Niven
1248-9 China Tray, Oriental Vase.

Mrs. J. E. Wilson ,Toronto

1250-2 Plate, Cup, Saucer, 120 years

old. Miss Carnochan

1253 Bowl, very old. Mrs. Goff

1254 Cake Plate, used by a Waterloo
veteran at Fort George (T. Fletcher).

Mrs. S. Campbell

CASE XVII.

CHINA, BLUE.

1255 Small Teapot, used by Mrs. Prick-
ett, a nurse, for many years in
Niagara. Miss Crouch, Virgil

1256 Wedgwood Jug, 1775.

Miss Flanigan

1257-8 Ewer and Basin, used by King
Edward VII. when visiting Canada
in 1860 as Prince of Wales.

Mrs. E. J. Thompson, Toronto

1259 Plate used at Fort George by
officer of Royal Canadian Rifles.

Mrs. Jas. Hartley

1260 Old Sugar Bowl. Miss Cathline

1261 Small Bedroom Soap Dish.

Miss Simpson, Ottawa

1262 Large Platter. Mrs. J. Niven

1263 Crown Derby Plate. Mrs. Miles

1264 Sugar Bowl 120 Years Old, of
1790, which belonged to Mrs. Law-
rence, left to her daughter, Mrs.
Bellenger, half-sister to Mrs. Caug-
hill- Mrs. Jas. Caughill

1265-7 Derby Plate used by Mrs. W.
D. Miller. Sugar Bowl and Cream
Jug. Mrs. J. E. Wilson, Toronto

1268 Large Coffee Pot, which belonged
to Elizabeth Powell Servos, wife of
Daniel Servos, of Butler's Rangers.
Mrs. D. Servos

1269 Sugar Bowl, Davenport, dark blue,
1793. Miss Crouch, Virgil

1270 Large Plate of Judge Clench.

Mrs. Bixby, St. Catharines

1271 Large Platter. Miss Currie

1272 Old Sugar Bowl, which belonged
to Mrs. McKerlie, Stamford, in early
years. Mrs. Jas. Depew, Stamford

1273 Large Willow Pattern Platter.

M. J. Scherck, Toronto

1274-81 Teapot and Saucer, Chinese
scroll pattern. Soup Tureen, Gravy
Boat, Egg Cups, Davenport Ewer of
Miss M. Ball. Mrs. C. A. F. Ball

1282-88 Willow Pattern Fish Platter,
two jugs, large plate, gravy boat,
small platter, pepper castor, willow
pattern. Miss Carnoohan

1289 Small Plate, willow pattern,
which belonged to Capt. Van Clive,
R. N., and wa.s buried for safety in
war of 1812. Miss Gordon, Toronto

1290-92 Two Gravy Boat Covers, wil-
low pattern; part of fish platter.

Miss Currie

CASE XVIII.

WOMAN'S WORK IN EARLY TIMES,

HAND-MADE.

1293 Infant's Cloak, made by Mrs. W.
D. Miller for her eldest son, after-
wards Judge Miller, of Gait, born
1810 at Niagara.

Mrs. J. E. Wilson, Toronto
1294-1303 Baby's Dress, embroidered
in 1825; bead cuffs, made by Mrs.
Wynn ; hair net, long purse, six book-
marks, 1837.

Mrs. J. E. Wilson, Toronto
1304-6 Embroidered Cap done by Mrs.
Oakley, nee Henry, in 1815; sprigged
net cap, by Mrs. Quade, 1818; scis-
sors bought in Niagara 1828.

Miss Quade, Ran,somville, N. Y.

1307-8 Cradle Quilt of silk hexagons,

done by Mrs. W. McCormick in 1845,

when 80 years of age; lead-weighted

pin cushion.

Miss Gilkison, Brantford

1309 Patchwork of 1760, done by Mrs.
Overend in England.

Mrs. Jno. Carnochan

1310 Patchwork done by Mrs. W. Riley
in Niagara in 1837 during the slave
rescue. Mrs. Guillen

1311 Model of Bonnet sent from Paris
in 1837, given to Mrs. J. G. Currie
when a child for her doll, and now
given by her in 1907.

Mrs. J. G. Currie St. Catharines

1312 Sampler done by Honoria Jarvis,
in London, 1796, afterwards Mrs. T.
McCormick.

Miss Gilkison, Brantford

1313 Sampler done by Isabella Over-
end, in England. Mrs. Richardson

1314 to 1325 Specimens of embroidery,
reticule, worked in wool, eyelet
work, wool work framed, 1846; doll's
dress of 1840. Miss Crouch, Virgil

1326 to 1335 Specimens of linen woven
from flax grown, hackled, spun,
woven, near Welland, by Miller
family. Linen pillow slip. Speci-
mens of wool, carded sip<un, woven,
near Welland; knitted stockings,
cuffs knitted from dog's hair, fulled
cloth. Miss Miller Newbury

1336 to 1346 Spool Stand, collar, eye-
let work, specimens of lace embroid-
ery, handkerchief embroidered, six
book marks. Misis Carnochan

1347 Eyelet embroidery done in Kings-
ton, 1850. Miss Gray, Toronto

1348 Bead Work Purse which belong-
ed to Laura Ingersoll Secord, given
by Miss Smith, her granddaughter to
Miss Sharpe, and by her to Mrs. J.
G. Currie.

1349 Wooden Doll, of 1835 with the
same dress as made for it then.

Mrs. Philipps, Virgil

1350 Infants' Cap from China, 1909
(modern). Mrs. E. Robertson, Hung
Chow, Hunen, China.

1351 Knitted Lace of 1854.

Miss Hutchinson, Lockport N. Y.
1352-3 Two Card Racks, painted by
Mrs. Fenwick, a teacher in Niagara,
1830, with cards of that period.

Mrs. Ratcliffe

1354 Pink Saucer used to color white
silk stockings in early times.

Miss E. Campbell, Toronto

1355 Sampler done by G. A. Pockett,
aged 8, in England, 1833.

Miss Davey

CASE XIX.

BRASS, PEWTER, ETC.

1356 Seal of Niagara Mechanics' In-
stitute, 1848.

Board of Managers, Public Library

1357 Seal of Niagara High School, es-
tablished 1808. incorporated 1853.

High School Board

1358-9 Seal of Clerk of Peace, district
of Niagara; seal of Division Court,
united counties of Lincoln, Welland
and Haldimand.

J. H. Burns, Town Clerk

1360-61 Mustard Pot and Salt Cellar,
brought from England by Wm. Scott,
the master tailor of the Royal Cana-
dian Rifles. Miss Crouch, Virgil

1362-66 Sugar Nippers, snuffers and
tray, save^all for short ends of can-
dles, bed key, early lamp.

Miss Crouch, Virgil

1367-68 Pewter Mug, lined with porce-
lain; English tea caddy, which be-
longed to Dr. Lowe. L. Servos

1369 Pewter Teapot, brought from the
south by escaped slaves.

Jno. D. Servos

1370 Pewter Sugar Bowl, brought from
the south by escaped slaves.

Jno. D. Servos

1371 Silver Teapot of Mrs. S. McKerlie,
1850. Mrs. Jas. Depew, Stamford

1372-73 Pewter Pint Mug, Silver Tea-
pot to hold half a pint.

Mrs. Bottomley

1374 Pewter Candlestick, which be-
longed to the Butler family.

Mrs. Jo.s. Clement, Virgil
1375-77 Three Brass Candlesticks,
brought from England, 1822.

Mrs. W. Richardson

1378 Brass Bedroom Candlestick and
Extinguisher. Jno. Knox, Virgil

1379 Brass Candlestick, very old.

Jno. O. Konkle, Smithville

1380 Tinder Box with Flints.

C. A. F. Ball

1381 Snuffers, which belonged to Mrs.
Noble Keith. Mrs. Ascher

1382 Small Tin Candlestick, which be-
longed to Wm. Riley, an escaped
slave. Mrs. Guillen

1383 Pewter Inkstand, used by Ralfe
Clench in his office of clerk of the
peace, district of Niagara, with in-
scription. Jas. B. Secord

1384 Pewter Beer Mug found in old
jail yard Murray Field

1385 Pewter Ink Stand of Miss M.
Ball. Mrs. H. Arnold, Queenston

1386 Snuffers. Mrs. Jas. Bishop

1387 Tinder Box for Flints and Steel.

Wm. Crouch, Virgil

1388 Piece of Punk, for tinder box.

Edw. Bissell

1389 Italian Iron. Miss Carnochan

1390 Italian Iron, used by Mrs. Rob-
ertson for frills. Mrs. Creed

1391 Goffering Iron of late Mrs. W.
Sampson. Mrs. Alfred Ball

1392 Hollow Smoothing Iron and Iron
Stand. Exchange

1393 One of the Nine Bells in the
house of Hon. Jno. Hamilton, built
1832. Mrs. J. D. Larkin, River Road

1394 Large Key of Rogers' brick build-
ing, 1832. Jno. Carnochan

1395-96 Stamp for Marking Barrels B,
early lamp. Alfred Bali

1397-1400 Spoons and Fork, plated,
from Stephenson House, St. Catha-
rines; sugar bowl, plated, from Wei-
land House.

R. Walker, St. Catharines

1401 Corkscrew brought from Ireland
in 1798 by Dominick Henry, the light-
house keeper.

Miss Quade,* Ransomville

1402 Ink Horn of Wood, found under
roof of former house of Jas. Carno-
chan, built 1845. J. de W. Randall

1403 Benzine Lamp brought from Eng-
land, 1875. Mrs. Coles

1404 First Lucifer Matches.

Mrs. Cheney

1405 Early Benzine Lamp.

Mrs. C. E. Brown

1406 Jar in which the money was
placed contributed by the children
of Niagara in five and ten-cent pieces
for the Canadian contingent in South
Africa, 1901, $12. Mrs. W. H. Lewis

1407 Photo of Guy Fawkes' Lantern,
1641. Mrs. Bottomley

ABOVE THE CASE.

1408 Ear Trumpet used by Miss M.
Ball. Miss Minnie Ball

1409 Large Ewer. Miss Samson

1410 First Lamp Used in St. Mark's.

Mrs. Lydon, Toronto

CASE XX.

MISCELLANEOUS.

1411 Gourd Drinking Cup used for 40
years at a well in Norfolk Co.

Exchange

1412-13 Two Rice Bowls brought from
India by Capt. Hewlett.

Mrs. Jno. Bolton

1414 Part of Communion Rail of the

old Lutheran or German church at
Thorold, said to have been built in
1795, Geo. Reefer being the chief
mover. Rescued by Mrs. James
Munro when the church was taken
down. Mrs. J. Munro, Thorold

1415 Knife used by Italian workman
in fight at Power Works. Taken by
the constables.

Col. Cruikshank, Niagara Falls

1416 Curious Butter Dish used by Mrs.
Jno. Wilson, River Road, 1830.

Mrs. Livingstone

1417 Rolling Pin of lignum vitae,
given to Mrs. Oakley on her wed-
ding day, June 4th, 1815; returned
to Niagara 92 years after, June 4th,
1907. Miss Quade

1418 to 1420 Cup, Saucer, Plate, 1845.

Miss M. Ball

1421-22 Cup and Saucer, very old
(blue). Mrs. Goff

1423 Plate from steamer City of Tor-
onto, with coat of arms and name.

Mrs. A. Harvey

1424 Fragments of bolts from old jail,
1802. F. Hindle

1425 to 1428 Large plate, two sugar
bowls, cream jug. Mrs. C. A. F. Ball

1429 Piece cut in 1908 from white oak
timbers, quite sound, placed in 1817
in- old jail and court house.

Miss Bayley

1430 Fragment from foundation of jail
and court house of 1802, while ex-
cavating. Jno. Ellison

1431-32 Sauce boat, sugar bowl, cup
and saucer. Miss Alma

1433 Basin, blue, (birds).

Mrs. C. J. Campbell, Toronto

1434 Vegetable Dish. Mrs. Lynch

1435 Bonnet sihape used in store of J.
Rogers, 1833. Dr. Crysler

REVOLVING CASE XXI.

Copied chiefly from oil paintings,
miniatures, silhouettes, daguerreo-
types, etc., in possession of the own-
ers. Others have been given or pur-
chased. There are 24 panels, filled, in
twelve cases.
1436-1787

Panel 1 — Clergy: Rev. T. Green,

Rev. W. McMtirray, D.D., Rev. J. C.

Garrett, Rev. E. S. Jones, Rev. Jas.

B. Meade, Rev. R. McGill, D.D., Rev.

J. Cruikshank, D.D., Rev. C. Camp-
bell, Rev. W. Cleland, Rev. J. W.
Bell, M.A., Rev. N. Smith, Elders of
St. Andrew's, Elders of St. An-
drew's, Rev. Father Gordon, Rev.
Father Lynch, St. Mark's exterior,
St. Mark's interior, St. Andrew's,
Pulpit of St. Andrew's, St. Vincent
de Paul, John W. Ball, a church
officer for 50 years.

Panel 2 — Mayors and Members
of Parliament for Niagara: A.
Davidson, Geo. Boomer, F. A. B.
Clench, S. H. Follett, H. Paffard,
Capt. Milloy, H. A. Garrett, John
Bishop, T. F. Best, J. de W. Ran-
dall, Hon. R. Hamilton, Hon. W.
Dickson, Hon. S. Richards, Hon. A.
Morrison, Hon. John Simpson, Hon.
W. H. Dickson, Hon. J. G. Currie,
Hon. J. B. Plumb, Major Hiscott,
M.P.P.

Panel 3 — Doctors, Judges, Law-
yers: Dr. Lowe, Dr. Rolls, Dr. Mil-
ler, Dr. Hodder, Dr. Campbell, Dr.
Watt, Dr. Wilson, Dr. Morson, Dr.
Anderson, Judge Campbell, Judge
Lawder, Judge Butler, Judge Miller,
R. Miller, Q.C., A. Stewart, W. B.
Winterbottom, Col. W. D. Miller,
Mrs. Miller.

Panel 4— Teachers: Rev. T.
Green, J. M. Dunn, LL.D., Mrs. Eed-
son Burns, Rev. A. G. L. Trew, P.
McGregor, LL.D., Rev. John Connor,
J. R. Thompson, Miss Dillon, Geo.
Cook, J. W. Connor, M.A., C. Cam-
idge, A. Andrews, W. Seymour, Mrs.
Eedson Burns, Miss Clement, Miss
Carnochan, W. W. Ireland, M.A.,
W. J. Wright, M.A., A. Montmorenci,
Miss Vigivena.

Panel 5 — Old Residents: Thos.
Powis, Mrs. Powis, Mrs. T. Green,
Mrs. Jacob Ball, .Miss M. Ball,
Lewis Clement, Mrs. Crooks, Mrs.
Pawling, Mrs. W. M. Ball, W. M.
Ball, John and Miss Tenyck, Joseph
Clement, Capt. J. C. Ball, Mrs. J. C.
Ball, George Ball, Mrs. G. Ball, Mrs.
Jos. Clement, Laura Secord, D.
K. and Mrs. Servos, Mrs. M. Cook,
Hon. A. Nelles, Mrs. Electy Secord.

Panel 6 — Mrs. Hartney, Ralfe
Clench, Mrs. R. Clench, Alex. Mc-
Kee, Mrs. A. McKee, John Mc-
Lellan, Mrs. Stephenson, Mrs. R.
Nelles, Miss E. Hixon, Jas. Cooper,
Mrs. J. Cooper, Mrs. McE. Watt, A.
Kemp, Mrs. E. Quade, Daniel Field,

John Whitmore, Mrs. McArdle, R.
Clench, Mrs. Bullock, J. McCarthy,
Sir W. Johnson.

Panel 7 — Mrs. A. Hamilton, Miss
Gourlay, Col. R. Hamilton, Capt. D.
Milloy, Princess Louise, Mrs. John
Hamilton, mantel in Hamilton house,
sideboard in Hamilton house, Gen.
Williams, cup given to R.C.R. Band,
Count de Puisaye, Wm. Kirby, F.R.
S.C., Melville family, house of Count
de Puisaye, Mr. Kirby's house, Gar-
ret Home, P.E. Co., 1792, where Mrs.
Simcoe slept; house of W. D. Miller.

Panel 8— Sir Wm. Johnson, Col. J.
Butler, Maj. Gen. Shank, Lt. A.
Garrett, Fort Maj. Taylor, Col. Mc-
Dougal; soldiers 46th Foot, 1777;
Grenadier 67th Regt., 1769; Chief
Justice Powell, Mrs. W. D. Powell;
Wm. Jarvis, Mrs. W. Jarvis, F. E.
Gilkison, Miss Gilkison, Miss O.
Reilly, C. Fellows, five generations;
Thos. McCormick, Mrs. Fraser, Col.
Gilkison, Capt. W. Gilkison, Mrs.
Gilkison, tomb of A. Grant, Gov.
Simcoe.

Panel 9— Father Carrol, aged 90;
Rev. John Oakley, Mrs. Oakley,
Canon Bull, Rev. John McEwan,
R. M. Warren, I. H. John-
son, Sheriff Kingsmill, John L. Alma,
Mrs. Coxwell, Miss Rye, G. D. Mc-
Cormick, Birdseye Peters, Rev. S.
Peters, LL.D., F. H. Grainger, Mrs.
Tench, F. A. B. Clench, G. G. Ridout,
Dr. Nelles, Mrs. Powell, Hon. G. Mc-
Micking, Bishop Bethune, George A.
Clement, Capt. H. Munro, R.C.R. ,
Geo. McCormick, Rev. W. McMur-
ray, Prince of Wales and Princess
Royal.

Panel 10 — Andrew Heron, Mrs.
Dugdale, Robt. Cassaday, T. C.
Street, Mrs. Prickett, John Whitten,
Miss McDonell, Queen Victoria, In-
dian Sarcee Maid, Martin Beam, Sir
John Bourinot, P. Van C. Secord,
Mrs. Long, nee Ball; T. C. Street,
Mrs. Street, Mrs. Jarvis, Mrs. Robin-
son, Mrs. Fraser, W. M. Jarvis, Mrs.
S. P. Jarvis, Robert Land, Mrs. Hew-
ard, Sir A. McNab, W. B. Robinson,
J. B. Robinson, Rev. T. Green, Capt.
Baxter, Bishop Strachan, Miss Shaw.

Panel 11 — Two Gilkison children,
Mrs. W. McCormick, Thos. McCor-
mick, Capt. Lampman and Mrs. Se-
cord Lampman, J. H. Coyne, Mrs.
J. G. Currie, Mrs. Curzon, Lady Ed-

• 30

gar, Sir Jas. Edgar, Rev. M. Pun-
shon, Carlotta and Maximilian,
Hon. W. E. Gladstone, Lord Duf-
ferin, Marquis of Lome, Sus^
pension Bridge, Lighthouse, Mrs. J.
E. Wilson, Prince of Prussia and
Princess Royal, W. G. F. Downs,
Miss Clench, Mrs. Martin, Mrs.
Wynn, Dr. D. Miller, Jno. Miller.

Panel 12— Places, etc.: Old Pow-
der Magazine, Queenston and River,
Butler's Barracks, Navy Hall 1810,
Niagara Camp 1872, Cottage at Fort
George, Duke of Cornwall on Chip-
pawa, foot of King street, Govt.
Party at Brock's Monument, Arch
in honor of Duke of Cornwall, 1901.

Panel 13 — Lonely Sycamore, His-
toric Tree, Rosedale; Thorn Trees,
Balm of Gilead tree, First Group,
Western Home, 1869; St. Andrew's
Centennial 1894, Butler's Graveyard,
Jno. Crooks' house, Band of R. C.
Rifles.

Panel 14 — Re-interment at Lun-
dy's Lane, Queenston and River,
Laura Secord's Monument, Doyle's
Hotel, First Pres. Church, Corn-
wall; Blockhouse, Fort Niagara;
tomb of Hon. Wm. Dickson, Gait;
Volunteers at Fort Erie, ruins of
powder magazine, ruins of McKen-
zie's house, Queenston, stone house
where Brock's body was carried,
Scene of battle at Chippawa, First
buggy in Waterloo Co., Pioneer Ex-
hibit, 1900; First Reaping Machine,
Pioneer Exhibit, First Threshing
Machine, Spinning Exhibit.

Panel 15 — Quebec House, home of
Wolfe; Pres. Church, Williamstown;
Gen. Brock's Cocked Hat, Fort Gar-
ry, Arch for Duke of Cornwall, Jail
and Court House, 1860; Stone Bar-
racks, Steamship Beaver, Parlia-
ment Oak, Geo. Young's house, 1816;
Mrs. Servos' house, Western Home,
Toronto Bay, Historical Tree.

Panel 16 — House of Assembly,
Halifax; Legislative Council, Hali-
fax; Ferry House Tavern, Navy
Hall; Manitoba Govt. Bldgs.; Pub-
lic Offices, Fredericton; Remains of
earthwork in cemetery, Hamilton,
1813; Dundurn Castle; Monument,
Lundy's Lane; View of Niagara;
View of Niagara.

Panel 17— Six oldest Indian
Chiefs, Chiefs in Council, Sun
Dance, Mohawk Church, 1786; Brant

Monument, Council House at Osh-
wekin, 1898.

Panel 18 — Pulpit, St. Andrew's,
N. B.; Ont. Historical So., O.sh-
wekin, 1898; Vault, Chateau de
Ramezay; Vault No. 4, Chateau de
Ramezay; Habitant Room, Chateau
de Ramezay; Elgin Gallery, Chateau
de Ramezay.

Panel 20 — Notice of co-partner-
ship, 1830; Will of Dorothy Hamil-
ton, 1806, signed by Archbishop of
Armagh; Robt. Wells, 1850, by him-
self; Speech of Gov. Simcoe, 1792;
Ball, Washington Centennial, 1832;
Ball at Miller's Hotel, 1832; Auction
Sale, 1840, of J. T. Gilkison.

Panel 20 — Deed of 1649 in Eng-
land, Execution of Burke and Hare,
1829; Last Lamentations, 1825, of
girl executed, aged 11; Ballad, 1794.

Panel 21 — Deed of Pew 77, St.
Mark's; Certificate of H. Clement,
U. E. L.; Ten views of ice jam, Apr.,
1909.

Panel 22 — Plan of streets laid out
in 1822 by Capt. Vavasour, the plains
between Fort George and Niagara;
Photograph of shore, river and fort,
H. Askith. Given by R. Reid.

Panel 23— Old Magazine at Port
Royal (Annapolis), 1605; Brock's
Monument and Cenotaph; Fort Ni-
agara; Ruins of Fort Erie; Eight
Veterans of 1812 in 1869 at Brock's
Monument, whose united ages were
609; Brock's Monument, 1871, with
picnic party of His. Gathering.

Panel 24 — Five views of survey-
ing party of Alex. Niven, P. L. S., in
Hudson Bay Co.; Indian Life; Moose
Factory; Episcopal Church, Moos-
onee; Indian Half-breed; See House,
Indian Camp.

IN THE PORTICO.

1788 Tablet with list of benefactors
as contributors to the contents, also
of contributors to the building fund.

Purchase

1789 King Edward VII.

Mrs. E. J. Thompson

1798 Photograph taken at opening, 4th

June, 1907. Purchase

1791 Strong Box for military docu-
ments. Mrs. J. D. Servos

1792 Poster, framed, proclamation of
half holiday at opening, 4th June,
1907; ordered by the Mayor, J. de
W. Randall. Mrs. Bottomley

1793 Photo of Memorial Hall.

Purchase

1794 Water Color, Sunset at Fort Mis-
sissagua, by G. A. Meaghar, August,
1908. Purchase

1795 Photo of Trees in Niagara Park.

Mrs. Quinn

1796 Xmas Card of Military Tattoo,
1899, by E. Wyly Grier.

Charles Hunter

TABLETS OF REGIMENTS ON

DUTY AT NIAGARA, AND

DATES.

1797 The Fusiliers, 1793-1795.

1798 1st Royal Scots, 1813.

1799 Surrey Regt., 70th, 1817-1819.

1800 Royal Canadian Rifles, 1842-1857.

1801 Prince of Wales, 100th, 1809-
1818, and Prince of Wales' Royal
Canadian, 1868.

1802 Queen's Own, 2nd, 1863.

1803 1st King's Dragoon Guards, 1838-
1842.

1804 No. 1 Co., 19th Regt., 1862-1890.

1805 41st Regt., Welsh.

1806 49th Regt., 1804, 1809-1813.

1807 79th Cameron Highlanders, 1831,

1808 93rd Highlanders, 1840.

EARLY SETTLERS, DATE OF
BIRTH, DEATH AND SETTLE-
MENT.

1809 Jacob Ball, U. B. L., 1733, 1780,
1810.

1810 Laura Ingersoll Secord, 1775,
1868.

1811 Ralfe Clench, U. E. L., 1762,
1780, 1828.

1812 Peter Ball, U. E. L., 1755, 1780,
1836.

1813 Daniel Servos, U. E. L., 1738,
1780, 1803.

1814 Gilbert Field, U. E. L., 1765, 1783,
1815.

1815 John Clement, U. E. L., 1758,
1783, 1845.

1816 Martin McLellan, U. E. L., 1771,
1783, 1813.

1817 John Secord, U. E. L., 1750, 1778,
1830.

1818 James Cooper, U. E. L. 1770,
1783, 1856.

1819 Peter McMicking, U. E. L., 1740,
1782, 1823.

1820 Hon. Jas. Crooks, 1778, 1791,
1860.

1821 Alexander Stewart, 1763, 1794,
1813.

1822 George Ball, U. E. L., 1765, 1784,
1854.

1823 John Wilson, U. E. L., 1763, 1783,
1837.

1824 Joseph Brown, U. E. L., 1756,
1782, 1821.

1825 Dominick Henry, 1750, 1795, 1829.
Mary Madden Henry, 1770, 1798,
1823.

STAIRWAY AND OVER DOOR.

1839 Old Picture of Queen Victoria,
1837. Mrs. H. Clement

1840 Picture of Prince Albert, 1840.

Miss Carnochan

1841 King Edward VII, 1910.

Purchase

1842-3 Duke of Cornwall, 1901. Du-
chess of Cornwall, 1901.

Miss Carnochan

CASE XXII.

COINS.

1844-2218 374 Coins, given by: Miss
Carnochan, 267; J. P. Clement, 31;
Charles Hunter, 27; T. F. Norris, 19;
Mrs. Titus, 14; Mrs. Alma 11; others
6. An almost complete set of old U.
S. cents, 1793 to 1856. Miscellaneous,
as Coventry half -penny, 1782; Wel-
lington and Brock half-pennies, two-
pence, 1797, bank tokens, farthings,
3d., 6d., 2 cts., 3 cts., half cents, ads.,
Geo. Ill, and coins of France, Ger-
many, Russia, Denmark, Sweden,
Switzerland, etc.

CASE XXIII.

COINS.

2219-2474 256 Coins, miscellaneous, U.
S. cents, half-cents, 2 cts., 3 cts.,
5 cts., ads., bank tokens, Geo. III.,
Geo. III. farthings, and coins of
France, Switzerland, Russia, Ger-
many, Isle of Man, etc.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

CASE XXIV.

COINS.

2475-2539 28 Roman Coins, from B.C.
27 to A.D. 408, and 37 United States
cents, from 1793 to 1830.

E. H. Shepherd, North Bay

STAIRWAY AND HALL, WEST AND
NORTH.

2540 Engraving of Suspension Bridge,
from Queenston to Lewiston, 1850.

H. Winnett, Toronto

2541 Telegram and Letter from Col.
Otter, South Africa, re children's con-
tribution from Niagara.

Mrs. J. W. Lewis

2542 Old Key, found in jail yard.

J. Houghton

2543 Map of Sable Island, showing
wrecks from 1802, as known, 162 in
number. Miss Carnochan

2544 Sling Shot, taken from Brennan,
the last man hanged at Niagara jail.

R. Reid

2545 Iron Grating of Cell, for those
condemned to death in jail of 1817.

Alphaeus Cox

2546 Marker from Car Works of Brain-
ard and Pearson, in 1856.

John Redhead

2547 Optical Puzzle, used for lecture
in Mechanics' Institute, 1850. Made
by Thomas Eedson.

Public Library

2548 Panel of Door in early postoffice.

W. Crouch, Virgil

GALLERY HALL, WEST, NORTH.

2549 Old Oil Painting of 1824, lion and
cubs, done at the Moffatt house.

R. Taylor

2550 Piece of Cotton Quilt, framed with
funeral of Lord Nelson, 1806.

F. Curtis

2551 Diamond Jubilee, showing the
might of the British Empire, 1897.

Miss Carnochan

2552 Picture of Ship Victory, showing
interior. Rev. A. Hall, England

2553 Gen. Brock at Fort George, by
Kelly. Miss Carnochan

2554 Meeting of Wellington and Blu-
cher. Miss Addison

2555-6 Napoleon, a prisoner on the
Bellerophon. Wellington at Water-
too- Mrs. R. Dickson

2557 Panorama in London, showing
battle of Waterloo.

Unknown Giver

2558 Miner's Certificate, British Col-
umbia, 1862.

A. R. Carnochan, St. Catharines

2559 Lord Wellington, in crayon, done
by Miss M. Servos.

Mrs. H. Clement

2560 Army and Navy, Wellington and!
Nelson. Mrs. H. Clement

2561 Steel Engraving (Albion), 1841,
of His Grace the Duke of \Vellington.

Miss Currie

2562 Moose Horn from Colorado.

J. A. Blake

2563 Miner's Ten Commandments and!
Sacramento views, Crossing the
Plains, 1853. Miss B. Miller

2564 Canadian Militia, 1898.

Miss Carnochan

2565 Battle of Queenston Heights, by
Kelly. Miss Carnochan

2566 The Roll Call After Battle off
Alma, 1854. Miss Carnochan

2567 Wheel Head and Spindle of Mrs.
Friesman. J. P. Clement, Virgil

2568 Lord Dundonald and the horse
on which he rode into Ladysmith.
The horse was at Niagara twice at
military camp.

Lord Dundonald, Ottawa i

2569 Nelson's Farewell to His Mother.

H. Paffard!

2570-71 Indenture and Deed of Canada
Company.

F. H. Grainger, Miss Gilkison

2572 Steel Engraving of Lord Met-
calfe. Rev. J. C. Garrett

2573 Deeds of John McFarland for 500
acres, 600 acres to Alexander Stew-
art. Jas. McFarland.

2574 Steel Engraving of Francis Bond
Head. R. Wilkinson

2575 Cast Niagara District Mutual
Fire Insurance Co., 1836. Exchange

2576 Twelve Copper Plate Engravings
from Smollett's Works, bought by
Wm. Kirby at fche sale of Captain
Usher after has assassination, 1825.

Mrs. J. G. Currie

2577 Old Horse Shoe made by early
settlers.

2578 Bear Trap, home-made, in early
times. Alfred Ball

2579 Heckle brought from Mohawk
Valley by the U. E. Loyalists.

A. Servos

2580 Flax Break. Mrs. H. Clement

2581 Model of Axe made in steel fac-
tory. Mrs. Ascher

2582 Old Picture of Chesapeake and
Shannon, done in Niagara in 1820.

Mrs. B. Garrett

2583 Wood Cut of Buffalo, 1815.

Mrs. Ascher

2584 Lottery Tickets, Rhode Island,
1761-1790, Lafayette's headquarters,
1780.

Col. D. Stevens, Bristol, R. Island

2585 Hat Box brought from England.

C. A. F. Ball

2586 Box Made from Bark of Tree by
early settlers, when without nails,
sewed with fibres of tree.

C. A. F. Ball

2587 Dying Address of Three Thayers,
the last public execution in Buffalo.

M. G. Scherck, Toronto

2588 Model of Sawmill, from house of
' John Barker. Capt. Armstrong

2589 Portable House Fire Engine,
made by Armstrong in Niagara,
1848. J. A. Blake

2590-94 Five Flax Hackles used in Ni-
agara, on farm of Jno. Wilson.

H. Paffard

2595 Carders. Jno. Redhead

2596 Fireman's Hat. R. Reid

2597 Lamp of Junior Fire Co., 1855.

Win. Crouch

2598 Spinning Wheel over 100 years
old, and reel. J. O. Konkle

2599 Spinning Wheel for flax.

Alex. Servos

2600 Spinning Wheel, reel, wool rolls,
used in Niagara 1850.

Miss Carnochan

2601 Spinning Wheel for Flax.

Exchange

2602 Swifts. C. A. F. Ball

2603 Small Spinning Wheel for Wool,
made in Niagara. Miss Currie

2604 Old Swifts. Miss Painter

FRONT WALL.

2605 The Queen, 1837-1897.

2606 Abigail Becker (Mrs. Rohrer),
who saved nine lives at Long Point,
1854.

2607 Lithograph of Barrie in 1853, by
Capt. Grubbe, Hon. E. I. Co. Arty.

R. Wynn
2608-9 Playbills, Drury Lane, 1804 and

1828. A. W. Wright, Toronto

2610 Desjardins Canal Disaster, March

1857. R. Wilkinson

2611 Mary Queen of Scots.

Mrs. Clarke

2612 Portrait of Hon. Edw. Blake.

Miss Currie

2613 Portrait of Hon. Alex. McKenzie.

Miss Currie

2614 Portrait of R. Gates, the founder
of York Pioneers.

Mis.s M. Gates, Toronto

2615 Old Weapon found in river.

A. Davey

2616 Shingle Splitter in early times.

Alfred Ball

2617 Laths Split by Hand. Alfred Ball

2618 Shingles, 27 inches long, from
Butler's Barracks.

2619 Brick, marked 79th, must have
been marked in 1831, when 79th
Regt. was at Butler's Barracks.

Jno. Carnochan

SOUTH AND EAST WALL.

2620 Box of Flints, gathered on farm.

Chas. Thonger

2621 Old Lithograph, colored later.

Mrs. Deveau

2622 Mexican Lasso, or lariat.

A. W. Wright, Toronto

2623 Model of Indian Tepee, from Brit-
ish Columbia. Miss F. Garrett

2624-2820 Collection of Indian Relics,
arrowheads and spearheads 144,
bone beads 17, celts 14, sinkers 2,
wampum 6, stone hammers 2, clay
pipes 8, bone needles 2.

2821 British American Banknote Co.
Exhibit.

Mrs. E. J. Thompson, Toronto

2822 Indian Coat of buckskin.

Purchase

2823 Portrait of Oronhyatekha and his
tutor, Sir H. Acland, at Oxford.

Dr. Oronhyatekha

2824 Photo of Committee to discover
the grave of Tecumseh, Geo. A. Cle-
ment, S. J. J. Brown, R. Gates, Chief
Johnson, with photo of Tecumseh
and his tomahawk. Mrs. H. Clement

2825 Picture of Thunder Bird, in col-
ors. David Boyle

2826 Mealing Stone of Indians.

David Boyle, Toronto

2827 Oil Painting, by F. H. Grainger,
"The Lost Trail." Mrs. H. Clement

2828 Pen and Ink Sketch of Tecumseh,
and photo of battlefield of Moravian-
town

2829-30 Two Birch Bark Baskets, with
porcupine quill work from Lorette,
1829. Miss Currie

2831 Skull and Horns of Buffalo,
brought from North Saskatchewan
River. Miss B. Paffard

2832 Picture of Queen Victoria in 1837.

Miss Green

2833 Toronto in 1820. Miss Bevan

2834 Picture of John Gait, with auto-
graph. Miss Gait

2835 Petrification found at Queens-
town in 1850 (arthropicus harlani),
a seaweed, or fucoid, found along
the escarpment of Lake Ontario.

Mrs. A. Swinton

2836 Western Home, with first group
of children brought out, 1869; Miss
Rye, R. N. Ball, H. Paffard, Dr. Mc-
Murray, Dr. Morson in the group.

H. Paffard

2837-38 Historical Map and Township
Map. Miss Carnochan

2839 Governors of Upper Canada.

F. Yeigh, Toronto

2840 Opening of Parliament of On-
tario, 1870. Miss Currie

2841 Fathers of Confederation.

Miss Carnochan

2842 Hon. Geo. Brown (chromo).

Mrs. R. N. Ball

2843 Collection of Grasses from differ-
ent countries. Mrs. Wood

2844 Founders of the Dominion.

Mrs. B. J. Thompson

CASE XXV.

GALLERY— MOSTLY INDIAN.

2846-70 Collection of 8 celts, 8 cannon
balls, hatchet, bullets, grape, frag-
ments of shells, parts of flint-lock
musket. W. S. Lansing

2871-83 Collection of six stone celts,
and geological specimens from Fort
Erie. Col. Cruiks'hank, F.R.S.C.

2884-2917 Two Stone Hammers, iron
tomahawk, 5 pipes, 3 scrapers, 4
stone axes, 2 stone pestles, 3 bone
heads, 3 discs of wampum, 1 bone
needle, fragments of pottery, etc.
Exchange with Archaeological Mu-
seum.

2918 Photo of Indian Pottery found in
cave. H. Winnett

2919-2959 Collection of 33 arrowheads,
gorget, cannon ball, military but-
tons, 2 bullets, Lee-Enfield cartridge,
3 celts, gathered on farm of A. Mc-
Intyre. Alex. Gillies

2960 Skull of Indian aged about 70,
found at Queenston Heights.

Wm. Crouch, Virgil

2961-85 Collection of 5 arrowheads, 5

bone wampum, 2 bone needles, stone

hammers, 10 fragments of pottery

from Oxford and Waterloo counties.

W. J. Winterburg, Washington, Ont.

2986 War Club of Sioux Chief, Fort

Alexander.

Mrs. W. R. Ross, Holland, Man.

2987-89 Ball from Cannon Ball Valley;

petrified leaves and wood from Baa

Lands, Colorado, Yellowstone River.

Jno. A. Blake

2990 War Club, old and heavy.

Purchase

2991-93 Gouge, chisel, iron tomahawk.

Alfred Ball

2994-97 Fragments of Pottery, suppos-
ed to be Neutral Nation, Queenston.
C. A. Case, St. Catharines
2998-99 Piece of Sealskin Coat of
Louis Riel. D. Secord

2000-3001 Stone Hammers, found in
well at Niagara. R. Wilkinson

3002-27 27 Arrowheads. O. McGuire
3028 35 Arrowheads and Spearheads.
Miss Carnochan
3062-63 Tomahawk, pottery.

W. Richardson

3064-80 Collection of 14 arrowheads
and spearheads, gorget, knife.

Charles Brown

3081 Spearhead.

Mrs. R. Keefer, Jordan

3082 Stone Hatchet.

Miss Winterbottom

3083 Stone Celt (black), from Glen-
garry. Mrs. W. Fraser, Whitby

3084-85 Arrowheads. *Miss Currie

3086-99 12 Fragments of Pottery, iron

tomahawk, and part of clay pipe,

from Midland. Miss Hollingworth

3100-06 Stone Adze and arrowheads,
gouge, knife, cannon ball.

Wm. Allam, Virgil

3107-09 Stone Hatohet, two arrow-
heads. Jas. Robinson

3110 Celt. Jonathan Niven

3111 Game played with peach stones
and beans, with diagram and account
of game when gambling. Purchase

3112-14 Three Stone Sinkers, from
near Jordan. W. Miller, Jordan

3115 Pipe Head, found on site of Pe-
tun village, on Melville farm. Here
was found a bed of burnt corn 16 ft.
long, 12 ft. wide and 3 ft. thick.
Mrs. F. E. Webster, nee Rolling-
worth, Creemore.

CASE XXVI.

INDIAN.

3116 Meerschaum Pipe of Big Bear,
curiously mended. Robt. J. Allen

3117 Fire Bag of Chief Wandering
Spirit, hanged at Edmonton for com-
plicity in North-west Rebellion, 1885.

Frank Yeigh, Toronto

3118 Smoking Cap, with bead orna-
ments. Win. Wylie, St. Catharines

3119-23 Sioux Bows and Arrows. Sioux
Black Stone Pipe, twisted stem.
Sioux Red Stone Pipe, porcupine
quill, ornamented stem. Head of
Eskimo Spear. John A. Blake

3124-25 Porcupine Quills.

Mis.s Gilkison, Brantford

3126 Tump Line over 100 years old,
used for carrying loads on the back,
1800, ornamented. Alex. Servos

3127 Brooch Pin.

R. Taylor

3128 Bead Trimming from coat of
Louis Riel.

Pirie Blain, St. Catharines

3129-31 Bone Fish Hook, Eskimo.
Ivory Fish Hook, Eskimo. Children's
Sealskin Water Boots. Purchase

3132-33 Two Clay Pipes.

3134-37 Money Wampum, peace wam-
pum, bone beads, gorget or cere-
monial tablet.

Dr. Jones, Ka>h-ki-na-quon-a-by, Hag-
arsville.

3138 Ornament, probably Masonic,
found by Miss Blake in garden, 1870.

Mrs. A. B. Davidson, Newmarket

3139 Clay Pipe dug up on farm.

Mrs. Chamberlain

CASE XXVII.

MISCELLANEOUS— CANADIAN.

3140 Wooden Lock of schoolhouse of
Dr. Lundy. Lance Servos

3141-43 Nails and Oak Timber from the
Beaver, the first steamer to reach
British Columbia.

A. Kobold, Rat Portagb

3144 Brick from fireplace of Hon. Jno.
Hamilton, River road, built 1832,
marked Ramsay, from Scotland.

3145-46 Lock and Keys from same
building. Mrs. J. D. Larkin

3147 Aerolite from Machel, British
Columbia.

Walter Campbell, Ferine, B. C.

3148 Petrifactions from bank of river.

Mrs. Ascher

3149 Key of Rogers' Brick Building,
1833. Jno. Carnochaii

3150 Beaver Cuttings from Kokagam-
ing, Nipissing. Wm. Wylie

3151-52 Petrifactions from lake shore,
piece of Atlantic cable of 1858 from
bottom of sea, buttons, mica.

Mrs. H. Rogers

3153 Agates from Lake Superior.

Miss Currie

3154-56 Lock, Key and Hinges from
old Parliament House, Toronto,
erected 1829-32, used in latter year
by the Legislature of Upper Canada,
from 1841 by the Legislature 01
United Provinces, and again in 1849,
1851 and 1855-59; from 1867-1892 oc-
cupied by the Ontario Legislature.

J. Ross Robertson, Toronto

3157 Piece of Atlantic Cable of 1858.

J. Ross Robertson, Toronto

3158 Hand-made Nails. Exchange

3159 Murchisonia from Mountain Lake,
Bay of Quinte, with encrinital sec-
tions, June, 1901.

David Boyle, Toronto

3160 Asbestos Specimens. J. D. Servos

3161 Sponge, petrified, from mouth of
river, April, 1909, time of ice jam.

Miss J. Elliot

3162 Head of Pickaxe from Fort
George. W. Connolly

3163 Petrified Fish, from clay at Win-
nipeg. Willie Acton

3164 Head of Young Coyote.

Willie Actou

CASE XXVIII.

MISCELLANEOUS— NOT CANA-
DIAN.

3165-68 Tribolite, said to be one of the
most perfect found in Britain, from
Dudley. Palaeolithic Flake, neo-
lithic scrapers, from Grimes' Graves,
England.

Dr. Milroy, Kilwinning, Scotland

3169-71 Prehistoric Indian Bowl, Ari-
zona. Bowl of Indian Pottery.
Modern Jug, Mexican.

A. G. Hatch, Buffalo

3172 Heavy Stone Mortar and Pestle
for grinding grain, used in Cali-
fornia. Miss Joanna E. Wood

3173 Small Jug, from macerated green-
backs worth $5,000.

Mrs. J. G. Currie

3174 Purse, with bone rings, made by
Confederate soldiers.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

3175 Fragment from Appian Way.

Miss Baxter

3176 Buffalo Horn Bean.

Rev. N. Smith

3177 Mexican Vase, by natives, hand-
made. A. W. Wright

3178 Brush from palmetto tree.

A. W. Wright

3179 Cocoon, with silk of silkworm.

Miss Crouch, Virgil

3180 Piece of Bog Butter, from Kil-
dare, Ireland, from four feet below
surface, in a wooden firkin.

3181 Tooth of Walrus, Greenland.

David Boyle, Toronto

3182 Glass Tile, floor of Crystal Pal-
ace, 1852. Mrs. Coleman, Toronto

3183 Part of Mexican Idol.

Mrs. A. R. Carnochan, St. Catha-
rines.

3184 Cotton Balls on Cotton Plant.
Miss Joanna Walsh, Savannah, Ga.

3185 Pipe -Stem brought from Phillip-
pine Islands by a soldier in U. S.

Wm. Richardson

3186 Silver Ore from Colorado.

Mrs. Hooa

3187-90 Finger Sponge, sea fern, sea
beans, etc., from Florida and West
India Islands. Miss Dreger

OLD FURNITURE— GALLERY.

3192 Table, over 100 years old, round,
in two parts, owned by Secord fam-
ily. Mrs. J. C. Secord

3193 Child's Chair, walnut, haircloth
cushion. Mrs. H. Clement

3194 Walnut Cradle, made in Stam-
ford about 1830. Mrs. H. Clement

3195 Walnut Desk, used by Rev. R.
Addison, 1792-1829.

Loaned by Mrs. Perry, Philadelphia

3196 Walnut Cradle of Geo. Ball, over
100 years old. Mrs. Aikins

3197 Walnut Cradle, made in Stam-
ford, with hood. Miss Carnochan

3198 Dining Table, said to have be-
longed to Sir Peregrine Maitland, in
three parts. Mrs. J. S. Clarke

3199 High Four-Poster Bedstead,
bought at sale at Pavilion Hotel,
Niagara Falls, 1849.

Jonathan Niven

3200 Old Settee, brought from lockup.

J. D. Servos

3201 Angel Blowing Trumpet, weather
vane of St. Andrew's Church from
1831 to 1855, made of cast iron. A
tornado took the roof off the church
and the vane lay in a painter's shop
for fifty years. E. Evans

3202 Chair which belonged to Rev.
John Burns, the first teacher of the
Grammar School, 1808, and one of
the first ministers of St. Andrew's.

Miss Alma

3203 Chair, Mayflower pattern, which
belonged to a U. E. L. family.

Purchase

3204 Old Chair which belonged to Jas.
Cooper. Mrs. Cooper

3205 Old Chair which belonged to
Noble Keith. Mrs. Ascher

3206 Chair which belonged to the
Brown family, River road.

Mrs. C. Brown

3207-9 Three Chairs which belonged to
Rev. R. McGill, 1829-1845.

Miss Currie

3210 Chair which belonged to St. An-
drew's Church, 1831,

3211-2 Two Chairs, parlor chairs of
Sir Adam Wilson, in 1835, in Tra-
falgar Township. Exchange

3213 Chair used by Martha Graveson
(seat renewed).

Colin Blain, St. Catharines

37.

3214 Home-made Chair, brought from
Virginia with an invalid.

Miss Painter

CASE XXIX.

BIRDS, BIRDS' EGGS.
3215-54 Forty Birds mounted, from
Massachusetts, but sent from To-
ledo, Ohio, among them are Flicker
or Highholder, American Crossbill,
Purple Finch, Redstart, Scarlet Tan-
ager, Male and Female, Rusty
Grackle, Downy Woodpecker, Wood
Sparrow, Robin, Black-billed Cuckoo,
Red-eyed Vireo, Chickadee, Kildeer,
Least Fly Catcher, Cedar Waxwing,
Bob o'Link, Sapsucker, Song Spar-
row, Baltimore Oriole, sent by ex-
press from Mrs. L. B. Peckham, To-
• ledo, Ohio.

3255-3311 Collection of Birds' Eggs,
nearly all from Niagara Township,
57 in number, named in book at-
tached. Alfred Ball

CASE XXX.

CANADIAN HISTORICAL EX-
CHANGES.

3312-21 Canadian Archives, 1897-8,
1901-8, 10 numbers.

3322-37 Queen's University Quarterly,
1889-1902, 16 numbers.

3338-41 Ontario Archives, 1903-6, 4
numbers.

3342-7 Catalogue Dominion Parl. Li-
brary, 6 numbers.

3348-58 University Historical Publica-
tions, 1898-1909, 11 numbers.

3359-63 Archaeological Reports, 5 num-
bers.

3364-75 Canadian Institute, 1899 to

1906, 12 numbers.

3376-87 Lundy's Lane His. So. Pam-
phlets, 12 numbers.

3388-95 Lundy's Lane Documentary
History, 1812-14, 9 vols.

3396-3408 Antiquarian and Numismatic
So., 1899-1904, 13 numbers.

3409-24 Hamilton Scientific Assn,, 1890-

1907, 16 numbers.

3425-29 United Empire Loyalist So.,
1899-1904, 5 numbers.

3430-1 Hamilton U. E. L. Branch, 1
number.

3432-46 Royal Society 1897-1908, 15
numbers.

3447-55 Ontario Historical Society,

Transactions, 1899-1909, 9 vols.
3456-67 Ontario Historical Reports,

etc., 12 numbers.
3468-70 Wentworth Historical Society,

3 numbers.
3471-75 Military Institute Transactions,

5 numbers.
3476-91 Manitoba Historical Society,

16 numbers.
3492-3510 Woman's His. So., Toronto,

Transactions and Reports, 1898-1909,

18 numbers.

3511-15 York Pioneers, 1907-10,4 num-
bers.

3516-17 Huron Institute, 2 numbers.

3518-21 Elgin Historical Society, 4
numbers.

3522-23 Woman's His. So., Ottawa, 1
numbers.

3524 Simcoe His. So., 1 number.

3525-26 Woman's Wentworth, 2 num-
bers.

3527 Lennox and Addington His. So., 1

number.
3528-30 London and Middlesex His. So.,

3 numbers.
3531-32 Essex His. So., 2 numbers.

3533 Brome His. So., 1 number.

3534 Inventory of Military Documents
in Archives, Ottawa, 1 number.

HISTORICAL BOOKS AND PAMPH-
LETS, CANADIAN, FROM THE
AUTHORS.

3535-38 First Legislators of Upper Can-
ada, Second Legislature, Downfall. of
Hurons, Amherstburg.

C. C. James, F.R.S.C., Toronto

3539-41 Lake Simcoe, Sites of Huron
Villages, George and Phoebe War-
nica. A. Hunter, Barrie

3542-44 Le Fort de Frontenac, Le Re-
gime Militaire, Le Regiment de Car-
ignan.

Benjamin Suite, F.R.S.C., Ottawa

3545-47 Voyage of the Cabots, Lines of
Demarcation of Pope Alexander VI.,
Prose Writers of Canada.

E. Dawson, Ottawa

3548 Early Records of Ontario.

Prof. A. Shortt, Kingston

3549 General Hull's Invasion of Can-
ada. Col. Cruikshank, Niagara Falls

3550 Siege of Fort Erie.

Col. Cruikshank, Niagara Falls

3551 Old French Fort at Toronto.

Dr. Scadding, Toronto

3552 Red River Expedition.

Capt. Bruce Harman, Toronto

3553 Sketches of Upper Canada.

T. Conant, Oshawa

3554 Early Pioneer Life.

M. G. Scherck, Toronto

3555-56 Clan Macdonald, Clan Fraser.

Alexander Fraser, M.A., Toronto

3557 Rogers, Ranger and Royalist.

Col. Rogers, Peterboro

3558 Maps and Plans of Town of York,
1788 to 1834; city of Toronto, 1834-
1908. J. Ross Robertson, Toronto

3559 Alaska Dismemberment.

Charles Thonger

3560 Col. Mahlon Burwell.

Archibald Blue

3561 Talbot Settlement.

Dr. J. H. Coyne, F.R.S.C.

3562 Old Fort at Toronto.

Miss Geeson

3563 Hero of Saskatchewan.

Jno. Maclean

3564 Famous Algonquins.

J. C. Hamilton

3565-66 Landmarks of Leeds and Gren-
ville, First Parliament.

H. S. Seaman, Brockville

3567 Jubilee of Rev. J. B. Mowat, D.D.

Sir Oliver Mowat

3568 Labrador Boundary Question.
Archbishop Howley, F.R.S.C., St.

John's, Nfld.

3569-70 Public Libraries, Canadian
Libraries. Jas. Bain

3571 Birds of Ontario.

C. Nash Toronto

3572 Cornwall and Williamsburg Can-
als. Madame Rheaume, Ottawa

3573 Tribute to Sir Charles Tupper.

H. J. Morgan, F.R.S.C.
3573 Memorial to Rev. G. Neal.

%Rev. W. H. Garnham

3575 U. E. Loyalists in Education.

Dr. Hodgins, Toronto

3576 Beginning of Great Western Rail-
way. Miss Gilkison, Brantford

3577-78 Transportation Problem, Mod-
ern Public Libraries.

L. J. Burpee, Ottawa
3579-60 History of Gait and Dumfries,
British Preference.

Hon. Jas. Young, Gait

3581 Officers of British Forces in Can-
ada, 1812-14. L. H. Irving, Toronto

3582 The Mahabharata. Witten

3583 Souvenir of International Council
of Women, 1909.

Miss A. Fitz Gibbon, Toronto

3584-85 Niagara Library, 1800-1820,

Origin of Maple Leaf as Emblem of

Canada. Miss Carnochan

3586 Story of Laura Secord.

Mrs. Curzon

3587 Missionaries and Quakers in Bay
of Quinte. Thos. Casey

3588 Campaign Humours.

Peter McArthur, Appin

BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS RELAT-
ING TO CANADA.

3589 Third Report of Welland Canal
Committee, 1836.

3590 Narrative of Sir Francis Bond
Head, 1839.

3591 Gazetteer of Lincoln and Wel-
land,, 1865.

3592 History of Dundas County, Croil.

3593 The Fenian Raid (Chewett).

3594 Story of Mrs. Gowanlock and
Mrs. Delaney, in camp of Big Bear.

3595 Fenian Invasion (Somerville),
1866.

3596 St. Catharines Directory.

3597 Fenian Raid (G. T. Denison).

3598 Red River Rebellion (G. T. Deni-
son).

3599 Life of Mrs. Letitia Yeomans.

3600 Reports of Grievances, 1835.

3601 Hudson Bay Halfbreeds (Ram-
bout).

3602 Red River Rebellion (Mac-
dougall).

3603 Life of Bishop Strachan (Be-
thune).

3604 Volunteer Land Grants (Allen).

3605 Life of Col. Talbot (Ermatinger).

3606 Canadian Militia (Wackstead).

3607 Welland Canal, 1852 (Merritt).

3608 John A. Roebling, 1869.

3609 Battle of Queenston Heights
(Symons, 1859).

3610 Speech of Hon. Jno. Rolph, 1837.

3611 Political Economy (E. Ryerson).

3612 Story of Grimsby Park (Phelps).

3613 Alaskan Boundary Dispute (D.
Mills).

3614 Addresses of Hon. G. W. Ross.

3615 Red River Expedition (Huyshe).

3616 Military Institute Papers.

3617 Minutes of the County Council,
1857.

3618 Industry of Canada, 1864 (Bu-
chanan).

3619 Report of Boundaries of Canada,
1873, Mills.

3620 Sketches of Canada (Mrs. Jame-
son).

3621 Boundaries of Canada (C. Lind-
say).

3622 Constitutional History of Canada,
1874 (Watson).

3623 Financial Statement of Hon. A.
Mackenzie, 1872.

3624 Industrial Politics (Morgan).

3625 Canada As It Is 1832 (Hume).

3626 Pirated Edition of Le Chien
d'Or, with autograph.

3627 Correspondence re Fenian Inva-
sion.

All given, from 3589 to 3627, by Mrs.
J. G. Currie, St. Catharines.

3628 History of Governor-General's
Body Guard.

Col. C. A. Denison and Officers of
G. G. B. G.

3629 History of London, Ont., by A.
Brennar, per Jno. Rousseau.

3630 Bound Copy of First Ten Publi-
cations of Niagara Historical So-
ciety.

3631 Wolfeland.

Miss Ganderton, England

3632 Grimsby Masonic Lodge.

W. Forbes, Grimsby

3633 Norfolk Masonic Lodge.

J. Bottomley

3634 Report of Education, 1836.

J. A. Blake

3635-6 Statutes of Canada, 2 vols., 1797-
1831. H. Paffard

3637 Picturesque Canada.

Mrs. J. S. Clarke

3638 Literary Garland, Montreal, 1844.

Miss E. Ball

3639 Journal of Education, 1848.

D. Boyle

3640 Two Copies Cosmos.

Miss Smith, Merrickville

3641 Bystander, 1880.

MPS. H. A. Garrett

3642 U. E. Loyalist No. 3.

A. C. Casselman, Toronto

3643 Loan Portrait Exhibit, Toronto.

Mrs. Thompson

3644 Budget Speech of Hon. Jno. Nor-
quay, Manitoba Expenditure, 1875.

W. R. Ross, Holland, Man.

3645 Canadian Loan Exhibit, 1899.

Miss Fitz Gibbon

3646 United Empire Loyalists, Harris.

Mrs. Thompson

3647 Visit to Six Nation Indians, by
Lord Dufferin. Miss Gilkison

3648 Militia List, 1873. Miss Currie

3649 Yukon Territory, Great Macken-
zie Basin. L. J. Burpee, Ottawa

3650 National Council of Women, 10th
Report.

3651-4 Indian Magazine, 4 copies.

Miss Carnochan

3655 Niagara Falls Park Report.

Jas. Wilson, C.E.

3656 Reports from Deaf and Dumb In-
stitute. W. Matheson

3657-8 Anglo-American Magazine, vol.
2, 3. Miss Curzon

3659 Gazetteer of Lincoln and Wei-
land, 1878. Miss Curzon

3660 Women Workers of Canada,

Miss Curzon, Toronto

3661 University Commission, 1906.

Dr. Hodgins

3662 Toronto Normal School Jubilee.

A. H. U. Colquhoun

3663 Poems by Amanda Jones.

Mrs. Larkin

3664 Chimney Islands. D. Boyle

3665 Canada Directory, 1851-2.

Mrs. Mulholland

3666 Canadian Merchant Magazine,

1859. Mrs. H. A. Garrett

3667 Life of Sir Isaac Brock, by Nur-
sey. O. D. McGaw

3668-81 Set of Canadian School Books,
1850. Town Clerk

3682 Handbook of Canada. Dr. Bain

3683 Catalogue of Niagara Historical
Society. J. Ross Robertson

3684 Tenants' Rent Book, 1842-1868, of
Andrew Heron.

Mrs. Corley, Toronto

3685 Lincoln County Directory.

Mrs. Follett

3686 Life of Gov. Simcoe.

Mrs. Follett

3687 History of Leeds and Grenville,
1749-1879, by T. W. H. Leavitt.

Judge McDonald, Brockville

3688 Statutes of Upper Canada, 1823-4.

Mrs. Newton

3689 Atlas of Canada, 1906.

Dept. of Interior

3690 Gazetteer of Lincoln and Wei-
land, 1875 (Page). Jno. Reid

3691 Topographical Map, Niagara
sheet.

3692 Scrapbook of H. A. Garrett.

3693 Scrapbook of Miss McDougall,
1838.

3694 Bound Volume of 26 Maps, of
Military Reserves on Niagara River.

Charles Carnochan, Ottawa

3695 Annals of Niagara. Mrs. Walker

3696 Toronto, Past and Present.

Mrs. Walker

CASE XXXI.

EXCHANGE WITH AMERICAN HIS-
TORICAL SOCIETIES.

3697-99 Michigan Historical Society, 3
volumes. Dr. Burton, Detroit

3700-23 Michigan His. So., 24 volumes.
Kindness of Mr. Fox.

3724-25 Michigan His. So., 2 volumes.

3726 Wisconsin Hist. Soc., proceedings
and reports, 23 volumes.

3748-57 Buffalo Hist. Soc., transactions
iv. to xiii., 10 volumes.

3758-73 Buffalo Hist. Soc. Reports,
1884-1898, 16 volumes.

3774-88 American Hist. Soc., Smithson-
ian Institute, 1900-1907, 15 volumes.

3789-3822 American Ethnology, bulle-
tins and reports, 1895-1908, 34 vol-
umes.

3823-26 Buffalo Public Library, 4 vol-
umes.

3827-33 Library of Congress, 1902-1908,

7 volumes.
3834-37 New York Public Library, 4

volumes.

3838-47 New York State Library, 10
volumes.

3848-66 Onondaga Historical Society,

1891-1910, 16 leaflets, two of new
series, 19 numbers.

3867-71 Massachuestts Historical So-
ciety, 5 volumes.
3872 Rhode Island Historical Society,

1 volume.

3873-74 New Hampshire Historical

Military History, 2 volumes.
3875-76 Long Island Historical Society,

2 numbers.

3877-80 War Department, Washington,

4 volumes.
3881-87 California University Library,

6 numbers.

3888 Connecticut Historial Society, 1
number.

3889 Colorado College Pamphlets, 10
numbers.

3898 Uruguay Publication, 1 volume.

UNITED STATES— FROM INDIVID-
UALS.

3899 Japanese Nation in Evolution.

W. Griffis, D.D., Ithaca, N.Y.

3900-3903 Old Fort Niagara, Niagara
River, Niagara Frontier, Guide to
Falls.

Hon. P. A. Porter, Niagara Falls,
N. Y.

3904-05 Benjamin Franklin, 200th an-
niversary; Benjamin Franklin's
Career. S. A. Greene, Boston

3906-07 Nelson Genealogy, Indians of
New Jersey.
Wm. Nelson, Paterson, New Jersey

SCRAP BOOK OF ORIGINAL DOCU-
MENTS—A FEW COPIED.

3908 Addison, Rev. Robert, sermon
preached after the war of 1812.

3909 Addison, Rev. R., letter to, from
Capt. J. Stevenson, his son-in-law,
after the battle of Chippawa (copy).

3910 Alma, J. L., letters of.

Jno. Carnochan

3911 Auldjo, deed of lot 1, Yellow
House, 1801, price £600, first price
asked £1,000. Miss Gilkison

3912 Brock's Monument, great meet-
ing, 1840; dinner, expense of pavil-
ion, etc. Miss Gilkison

3913-15 Brock's Monument, letter of
Sir Allan MacNab and W. Thomas,
architect; sketch of Heights, 1860.
Mrs. Newton

3916 Ball, J. W. and M., copy of letter
re Brock's Hat. Alfred Ball

3917 Blake, J., indenture to D. Thor-
burn, 1828. Jno. Carnochan

3918 Butler, Col. J., will dated 1795,
copy of; also copy of will of Thos.
Butler, 1807, from that of Canon
Bull, given him by Dr. Stevenson,
Toronto.

3919 Butler's Graveyard, copy of deed,

1833, to four families.

Hon. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines
3920-21 Butler's Graveyard, inscrip-
tions. P. H. Grainger

3922 Butler, Col. J., signature, 1789,
right to sell land.

3923 Butler, Judge T., letter of 1833 to
trustees of St. Andrew's Church.

W. H. J. Evans

3924 Bradshaw, A., receipt for flour,
1813.

3925 Baptist Church Marriage Notice,
1855. J. H. Burns

3926 Brown, Geo., signature to re-
ceipt for Banner, 1846.

Jno. Carnochan

3927 Burgess, Mrs., receipt for private
.school fees, 1846. Jno. Carnochan

3928 Butler's Barracks, invitation from
officers, 1838. Miss Gilkison

3929 Ball, J. W., appointment as en-
sign, 1835. A. Ball

3930 Bell, Mrs. A., pioneer heroine
(copy). Mrs. Murray, Chicago

3931 Clement, copy of commission of
Jno. Clement by Gov. Haldimand,
1780, as lieutenant in Northern Con-
federate Indians.

Estate of Mrs. H. Clement

3932 Clement, Geo. A., commission as
paymaster in 1861, signed by Lord
Monck. Estate of Mrs. H. Clement

3933 Clement, Jno. M., commission as
lieutenant in 1870, signed by Sir Jno.
Young. Estate of Mrs. H. Clement

3934 Claus, Col. Wm., grant of land,
15,360 acres, from Six Nation In-
dians, 1826, by fifty-four chiefs,
name and his mark.

Miss ;S. Stewart, Toronto

3935 Claus, Jno., expenses in enter-
taining Indians at Fort George, 1833.

Mrs. Follett

3936 Campbell, Dr. D., letter, 1852, re
cholera. J. H. Burns

3937 Cathcart, J., Toronto, ordering
goods from Jno. Rogers, Niagara,

1834. Jno. Carnochan
Court House, specifications for

building, 1846. Jno. Carnochan

3939 Crooks, Jno., letter of 1819;
Crooks, A. and W., 1845.

Jno. Carnochan

3940 Crooks, Jas., letter of 1842.

Jno. Carnochan

3941 Crooks, 24*4 acres given in ex-
change, exchange of land at en-
gineers' quarters, for 16 acres in
town, typewritten copy.

J. J. Murphy, Toronto
3942-44 Campbefl, Mrs. D., claims of,
war lo.sses, letters of lawyers, Alex.
Stewart, Alex. Wood, Robert Dick-
son, and signature of Bishop
Strachan. Miss E. Campbell

3945 Statement by Mrs. Campbell of
positions held by her husband, Fort-
Major Campbell.

Miss E. Campbell, Toronto
3946-49 Creen, Rev. T., registry of
births; Campbell, Rev. Charles, in-
duction edict, 1858; Campbell, Rev.
Charles, receipts from; Cruikshank,
Rev. J., receipts. J. H. Burns

3950 Cooper, Jas., war losses, 1812-14.

Mrs. McCarthy, St. Catharines

3951 Creen, Rev. Thos., services as
garrison chaplain, 1853. Miss Creen

3952 Creen, Rev. Thos., petition of in-
habitants to appoint him in 1829 to
.succeed Rev. R. Addison.

Miss Creen

3954 Creen, Rev. T., letter of 1838.

Miss Creen

3955 Court of Requests, 1819.

Warner Nelles

3956 Cartier, Hon. G. E., 1852, letter of.

3957 Church St. Andrew's, list of sub-
scribers, 1794, 1796, 1802, 1803, 1809,
1830. Copy from Record Book, 1794

3958 Church St. Andrew's, subscription
to pay clergyman in 1826.

Copy from Record Book, 1794

3959 Church St. Andrew's petition to
Queen re clergy reserves. Copy from
parchment.

3960 Church St. Andrew's, petition and
subscription (copy). J. H. Burns

3961 Church of St. Marks', minutes re
seats and graveyard, 1846.

Miss Creen

3962 Church St. Marks', S. S. scholars
give chair to Jno. Wray, 1844.

Miss Creen

3963 Church St. Marks', grant by P.
Maitland in 1825 of 4^ acres of land;

Miss Gilkison, Brantford

3964 Church St. Marks, title to land,
1828 (copy). J. J. Murphy, Toronto

3965 Church St. Mark's Bazaar in 1858.

Miss Crouch, Virgil

3966 Church St. Mark's, deed for .seat
41 to W. Wilson and H. Charles.

3967 Church St. Mark's, Act of Parlia-
ment to sell two acres, 1877.

Estate of Mrs. H. Clement

3968 Culver & Cameron, receipted ac-
count for goods. Jas. McFarland

3969 Chew W. Johnson, signature of.

Jas. McFarland

3970 County Town re changes, 1862-
1866. Leigh Fisher

3971 Curzon, Mrs., items, historical,
copied by her. Mrs. Curzon

3972 Campbell, E. C. (Judge), letter of
1854 re school Jno. Carnochan

3973 Court House Specifications, 1846.

Jno. Carnochan

3974 Comer, G. W. H., statement re
flag, 1840, at Brock's Monument.

3975 Dickson, Wm., indenture, 1808,
lots in Queenston, J. Racey, T. Mc-
Cormick. Miss Gilkison

3976 Dickson, Wm., indenture in 1829
to A. McNider. Alex. Servos

3977 Dickson, Robert, letter of, 1824.

Miss E. Campbell, Toronto

3978 Distillery Forbidden in 1815 by
Gordon Drummond. Jas. Bain

3979 Deverardo, Dexter, letter of, 1846.

Jno. Carnochan

3980 Davidson, A., receipt, 1840, for
post office. Jno. Carnochan

3981 Downs, G. W. F., letter, 1850, re
Walter Wilson. Jno. Carnochan

3982 Dawson, Geo., appointed guard-
ian, 1854, to the Strachan children.

J. Fisher, Virgil

3983 Edwards, Jos., agreement in 1795
re lot 280. Mrs. Follett

3984 Erie and Ontario Horse Railroad,
1841. Mrs. D. Servos

3985 Ellsworth Francis to John Me-
Farland, 1792. Jas. McFarland

3986 Field, Charles, deed from E.
Long, 1796, for 400 acres.

Jas. McFarland

3987 Fire Bell, bought 1837, now town
bell. R. Reid

3988 Firemen 1828, signatures of, J. H.
Burns.

3989 Fire Company Praise, by R. Mel-
ville, 1838. Mrs. D. Servos

3990 Fire Company Rules and Regula-
tions, 1830. Jno. Carnochan

3991 Funeral Expenses at Queenston,
1817. Jno. Carnochan

3992 Fitz Gibbon, Col., letter of re Lt.
Alex. Garrett. Mrs. H. A. Garrett

3993 Garrison Line Survey, by Augus-
tus Jones, 1787.. J. Ross Robertson

3994 Grier, Jno., letter of Capt. Va-
vasour reclaims for tannery, 1817.
(Copy.) Archives, Ottawa

3995 Grants of Land to Militia, 1820.

Jno. Carnochan

3996 Grant, Robt., letter re war losses
of Jas. Rogers. Jno. Carnochan

3997 Grammar School, letter of E. C.
Campbell. Jno. Carnochan

3998 Grammar School Trustees, 1832,
written by Rev. R. McGill, minutes
of board. Rev. N. Smith

3999 Gonder, M.D., statement re early
days in Willoughby.

M. D. Scherck, Toronto

4000 Hamilton, Alex., sheriff to T. Mc-
Cormick, 1835. Miss Gilkison

4001 Hiscott, R., agreement to pay
£1,050 to T. McCormick, 1834.

Miss Gilkison

4002 Hall, Jno., commission as cus-
toms officer, 1858, signed by Ed-
mund W. Head. Miss M. Hall

4003 Henry, Mrs., letter to, at Fort
George, 1820.

Miss Quade, Ransomville, N.Y.

4004 Henry, Miss E., love letter to,
1824.

Miss Quade, Ransomville, N.Y.

4005 Hind, Thos., deed from J. Fleck,
1795, of lot. F. Winthrop

4006-9 Hewett, Mrs., funeral expenses
at Queenston, 1817. Hamilton, Hon.
R., letter in 1789. Harbor and Dock
Company, 1837. Billiard, S., letter
from Navy Hall. Jno. Carnochan

4010 Hamilton & McMillen, forward-
ing with Durham boats, 1818.

Dr. Jas. Bain

4011 Hatt, Richard, indenture to T.
Racey, 1815. Miss Gilkison

4012 Heron, Andrew, deed from ex-
ecutors of, to J. and C. Dugdale.

Mrs. Follett

4013 Heron, Andrew, letter to daughter
in 1835. Miss Elliot

4014 Hiscott, Richard, adjt. 1st Lin-
coln, re reception to Prince of Wales,
1860. Jas. Hiscott, M.P.P.

4015 Inn Keeper's License, 1825, signed
by J. Baby and J. Swayzie.

Jno. Carnochan

4016-7 Jones, Augustus, survey of mili-
tary reserve, 1790, and garrison line,
1828. Miss Paffard

4018 Jarvis, Wm., letter to, from Ms
daughter, Mrs. McCormick, Queens-
ton, 1812. <

4019 Jarvis, S. P., deed of pew No. 2.

Miss Gilkison

4020 Jameson, R. S., chancellor to
Edw. Alma, his godson, 1847.

Miss Alma

4021 Johnson, Sir., Wm., articles of
peace, 1764, with Hurons at Detroit.

Copy of document is in possession
of S. White, M.P.P. (Copy).

Miss Miller, Newbury

4022 Johnson, Guy, signature to docu-
ment, 1783. Mrs. A. Ball

4023-4 Kerr, W. Johnson, indenture,

1810, to Peter O'Carr. Kerr, W.

Johnson, indenture, 1811, for lot 99.

Miss Gilkison

4025-6 Kerr, Robt., surgeon, indenture
to Alex. Gardiner, 1794. Kerr, R. J.,
receipt for $62 for sideboard to J.
Rogers, 1823. Jno. Carnochan

4027 Kirby, Wm., letter addressed to
the president of the Niagara His-
torical Society, re proposed sale of
military reserve, 1905.

4028 Sonnet, by Wm. Kirby.

Miss Carnochan

4029 Kingsmill, Nicol, K.C., letter to,
re Royal Canadian Rifles, 1857.

Nicol Kingsmill, K.C.

4030 Land Board Meeting, 1791, re sur-
vey of town and Free Masons' Hall.
(Copy.) J. M. Clement

4031 Lots in Niagara, 1795, copy from
Crown Lands.

4032 Lincoln 1st Regt., pay list, 1837.

Mrs. D. Servos

4033 Long, Edw., deed to Chas. Field,
1796.

4034 License to Sell Liquor, signed by
J. G. Simcoe and W. Jarvis, 1793.

Dr. Jas. Bain

4035 Lee, Amos, letter when a pris-
oner at Queenston, 1814.

Miss Paffard

4036 Lowry, Lt., letter re 100th Regt.
at Fort Niagara, 1814, copy given by
Col. Graves, Ottawa, through

Mrs. B. J. Thompson

4037 Lockart, Jas., receipt from (a bit
of pleasantry). J. P. Clement

4038-49 Letters of W. H. Merritt, 1827;
Samuel Street, 1842; Ralfe Clench,
1825; Robt. Dickson, 1825; and re-
ceipts of I. H. Johnson, 1850; Thos.
Sewell, 1834; Rev. J. B. Mowat, 1851;
Rev. J. Cruikshank, 1846; Robert
Dickson, 1836; letters to Jno. Rog-
ers, 1836; Alex. Rogers, 1818; John
Grier, 1820.

Rogers papers by Jno. Carnochan

4050-53 McFarland, John, appointed
deputy for Gibbs and McFarlane,
1794; McFarland, Jno., letter to,
1842, refers to Count de Puisaye;
McFarland, indenture from Jno. Mc-
Farland to Duncan McFarland; Mc-
Farland, Jno., administrator for
father Jno. McFarland, 1815.

Jas. McFarland

4054-55 McDougal, Col. D., authorized
to raise a company in 1813; signed
by E. McDonell, Prescott. McDon-
ell, Bishop, signature of.

Mrs. Newton

4055 McNab, Sir Allan, letter of, 1838,
re Col. Radcliff.

4056 McLeod, Alexander, letter of, re
claims on executors of Jno. Wilson.

Jas. McFarland

4057 Mackenzie, Wm. Lyon, agreement
with Hiram Leavenworth to print,
Aug., 1824. J. J. Murphy, Toronto

4058 McNab, Allan, and R. Bullock, re
dinner and pavilion at Queenston,
1840. Miss Gilkison

4059 Military Reserve, Garrison Line,
1787. J. Ross Robertson

4060 McCulloch, Jno., page of bank ac-
count for month, $10,166.

Clarence Lyall

4061 McCulloch, Jno., account for
board at Jas. Miller's Hotel, 1842.

Jno. Carnochan

4062-63 McMurray, Archdeacon, ad-
dress at Centennial, 1892, and letter.
Miss Carnochan

4064 Map of Lots in 1826 (copy), from
map given by daughter of Charles L.
Hall, barrister.

Mrs. R. A. Campbell, Montreal

4065-66 McLellan, Martin, letters of ad-
ministration, 1815, signed Robert
Kerr. McLellan, Jno., commission as
ensign, 1841, signed by Lord Syden-
ham. M. McLellan, Fonthill

4067-69 Military Reserve, acreage,
1859. Military Reserve exchange
with Jas. Crooks.

4070 Marriages Made Valid and pro-
visions relating to marriages.

Sheriff McKellar, Hamilton

4071 Macdonald, Jno. A., letter of.

C. M. Warner, Napanee

4072 Marriage Licenses signed by P.
Russell and Wm. Jarvis.

Jas. Bain, Toronto

4073 Marriages, 1855, signed by Rev.
J. B. Mowat. J. H. Burns

4074 Mississagua Barracks, 1818.

4075 Merritt, W. H., account of Agnes
Rogers against him, 1821.

Jno. Carnochan

4076 Morrison, J. C., letter to Mayor,
1852.

4077 Mills, Early, 1792, statement by
D. W. Smith, surveyor-general, and
Augustus Jones.

Mrs. E. J. Thompson
4078-79 McCormick, T,, indenture, lots
10 and 11, in 1822, signed J. Baby,
Grant Powell, etc. McCormick, Mrs.,
letter to her father, Wm. Jarvis,
1812. Miss Gilkison

4080 McMurray, Archdeacon, letter to
and reply. Dr. McMurray

4081 Macaulay, J. B,, letter to J. Grier,
executor to late A. Rogers, 1820.

Jno. Carnochaii

4082-83 Nelles, Robt., appointed com-
missioner of Welland Canal, 1825,
•signed Perigrine Maitland. Nelles,
Robt., Lieut., account for military
services, 1782, signed Guy Johnson.
Mrs. A. Ball

4084 Navy Hall, letter re tea from R.
Hilliard, 1833. Jno. Carnochan

4085 Organist of St. Mark's Church,

Rogers' papers

4086-87 Palatine Church, 1770, Centen-
nial held 1870 (copy), draft of
church. Powell, W. D., letter from,
1801, to Col. Nelles, re his elopement.
Mrs. A. Ball

4088 Poll Book, 1834, election, Charles
Richardson, Robert Melville.

Miss Glaus

4089 Powell, Isabella, John, Mary, in-
denture re lots 179, 180.

Miss Gilkison

4090 Promoting Christian Knowledge,
Niagara, 1826.

St. Andrew's Church Papers

4091 Petition to Legislative Council,
re change of county town to Port
Robinson. J. H. Burns

4092 Puisaye, Count de, reference to,
in letter, 1842. Jas. McParland

4093 Quebec, Bishop of, letter re Rev.
T. Green, 1829.

Rev. R. Ker, St. Catharines

4094 Quebec, Bishop of, petition re
Rev. R. Green. Miss Green

4094 Queenston Heights, Battle of, let-
ter of J. B. Robinson to friend
Ridout, published in Kingston Ga-
zette, 1812 (copy).

Prof. A. Shortt

4095 Royal Canadian Rifles, journey
to Fort Garry, 1857.

Nicol Kingsmill, K.C.

4096 Read, D. B., letter of, re T. Mer-
rick, of Merrickville.

Rev. J. C. Garrett

4097 Smith, Dr. Goldwin, autograph let-
ter. Mrs. Radcliff

4098 Ryerson, Rev. E., letter to C.
Camidge, 1860. W. E. Lyall

4099 Robinson, Jno., Beverley, letter
describing battle of Queenston
Heights, 1812 (typewritten).

Prof. A. Shortt, Kingston
4100-7 Rogers, Alex., account of, to A.
McKee, 1810. Rogers, Alex., ac-
count of, 1819. Rogers, Alex., ac-
count letter to 1818, from McNider,
£250. Rogers, John, shipping bills
of 1834-1842. Rogers, John, buys
from Jas. Lockhart, £1,949. Rogers,
John, shop license, 1844. Rogers
papers from brick store built 1833.
All given by Jno. Carnochan

4108 Richardson, Wm., bill of sale in
England, 1819. W. Richardson

4109 Street, Samuel, memo of war
losses of 1812. Jas. McFarland

4110-1 Stocking, Jared, note for £100
to Jno. Rogers. Shipping bills, 1833
to 1843, of Jno. Rogers.

4111 Swayzie, Isaac, arbitration with
Jno. McFarland. Jas. McFarland

4112 Secord, Charles, copy of letter
1845 re Laura Secord and grant to
Col. Fitz Gibbon.

C. C. James, F. R. S. C

4113 Stevenson, Capt., letter from
after battle of Chippawa, 1814
(copy). Miss Nellie Stevenson

4114 Stewart, Alex, letter of, 1823.

Miss Campbell, Toronto

4115 Secord, Jas., letter of, from Bar-
ton, 1824, to P. Desjardins Smith, D.
W., Surveyor-General, 1793, re Bur-
lington Bay. Mrs. Geddes

4116 Summer, Cyrus (Dr.), account of.

Mrs. Murray, Chicago

4117-18 Street, Samuel and Mehitabel,

in 1812, to S. Street, jr.; Sleigh Club
resolutions, 1838. Miss Gilkison

4119 Smith, Dr. Goldwin, auotgraph
letter. W. McD. Newton

4120 Small, Jno., letter from, 1795, re
lots in town, copy from Crown Lands
Dept. Miss Carnochan

4121 Signatures besides those of au-
tograph letters.

4122 Treaty of Peace between Sir Wm.
Johnson and the Hurons at Detroit,
1764 (copy). •

Miss Abbie Miller. Newbury

4123-26 Thorburn, David, letter of,
1826. Thorburn, David, indenture of
Jno. Blake. Thorburn, David, letter
of from House of Assembly; tele-
graph from St. Catharines, 1848.

Jno. Carnochan

4127 Tavern License, signed by J. G.
Simcoe and Wm. Jarvis. Jas. Bain

4128 Town Papers, given by

J. H. Burns

4129 Townships on River La Tranche
(Thames), from surveyor's office,
Niagara, 1793. Mrs. Geddes

4130 Titles to Land. J. J. Murphy

4131 Thompson, Jno., appointed guard-
ian to children, of Martin McLellan,
re pension, 1825. Wm. Thompson

4132 Union S. S., names, in 1822, found
at Lake Lodge, 1908. A. Onslow

4133 Vavasour, Capt., letter re claims
of Jno. Grier, 1819, copy from Ar-
chives at Ottawa.

4134 Volunteer's Discharge, of 1838.

Mrs. D. Servos

4135 Volunteer's Statement No. 1, Bat-
talion 19, Co. Lincoln, re bugle
given by ladies in 1863.

Mrs. Ascher

4136 Wilson, W., deed for pew 34 in
St. Mark's Church.

4137 Williamson, Charles, letter of,
1792, supposed to be to Col. Butler.
John Ashton, Brantford

4138-9 Wilson, John, copy of will, 1833.
Wilson, Jno., quitclaim, 1813, to Jno.
McParland. Jas. McParland

4140 Wilson, Jno., map of farm.

Miss Paffard

4141 Wood, Alex., letter of 1816.

Miss Campbell

4142-4 Wagstaff, Jno., account for re-
pairing chandeliers, 1819. R. Wood-
ruff, letter from, 1842. Whitelaw,
Jno., receipt for private lessons.

Jno. Carnochan

4145 Winterbottom, W. B., appoint-
ment as clerk, 1846, signed by Cath-
cart. Miss Winterbottom

4146 Welland Canal, letter re expen-
ses of T. Roy, preparing drawings,
estimates, etc., 1837.

Mrs. D. Servos

4147 Whitten, Jas., statement re
Brock's coffin.

Mrs. Brennan, St. Catharines

4148 Young, Geo., pension in 1815
(copy). Geo. Putman

4149 Yellow House, deed to Auldjo,
1801. The next deed was to T. Mc-
Cormick. Miss Gilkison

4150 York Academy, C. Camidge, cir-
cular. Miss Carnochan

4151 Young, George Paxton, letter to
C. Camidge, 1865, re Grammar
school.

4152 Curious Petition of Innkeepers
and others, and contra petition of
inhabitants with regard to reduction
of license in 1851, 31 names for re-
duction and 138 against.

J. H. Burns

SCRAP BOOK OF DEEDS, BY-LAWS,
POSTERS, ETC.

4153 Deed from Peter Russell to Peter
Baby, 1799, of 1,200 acres.

4154 Indenture from Thomas Hind to
Jno. McFarland, Niagara, in 1801, of
210 acres. Jas. McFarland

4155 Indenture between Samuel Street
and the Hon. Robt. Hamilton, Rev.
R. Addison and T. Butler, executors
of the will of Col. John Butler, 1799.

Johnson Butler

4156 Deed of one acre in Newark,
1796, from J. G. Simcoe to Garret
Slingerland, in possession of the Se-
cord family for 100 years.

Mrs. Sandham

4157-58 Will of Wm. Griffith, 1803, giv-
ing £3,000 of South Sea Bonds to
Hannah Owen Jarvis; deed of half
acre, with Yellow House corner of
town, King st., lot No. 1, from A.
Auldjo to J. McKay, for £600, first
written £1,000, afterwards owned
by T. McCormick, Bank of Upper
Canada. Miss Gilkison

4159 Indenture of Samuel Street to
Samuel Street, jr., lots in Queen.s-
ton, 1805.

4160 Deed from Francis Gore to Jno.
McEwen, for one acre, 1815.

J. B. Secord

4161 Deed to Mary Addison for 200
acres, 1808. Mrs. Stevenson

4162 Location Ticket to Rev W.
Sampson for 600 acres, 1819.

Alfred Ball

4163 Poster of Soiree in Temperance
Hall for poor in Ireland and High-
lands of Scotland, Royal Canadian
Rifle Band to play, 1847.

Mrs. J. C. Secord

4164 Naturalization Paper, signed
Cathcart. Hon. J. G. Currie

4165 By-laws of the town of Niagara,
1851. Mrs. D. Servos

4166 Poster of Centennial of Settle-
ment, 1884. J. B. Secord

4167-8 Rules of Mechanics' Institute,
1848. Rules of the Young Men's So-
ciety, 1834. Miss Carnochan

4169 Royal Canadian Rifle Regt., Tem-
perance Society Rules, 1848. Formed
at St. Helen's Island, 1842.

F. H. Grainger

4170 Poster, illustrated ballad of Mag-
gie Lauder, 1833. Mrs. Coleman

4171 Militia General Orders 1820.

Dr. Bain

4172 Oddfellows' Anniversary Ball, in-
vitation, 1854. Miss Glaus

4173 Proposed Lyceum of Natural
History, Toronto, 1835.

Mrs. A. Nelles, Grimsby

4174 Commission of T. Sampson as en-
sign, 1844, signed Metcalfe. A. Ball

4175 Commission of R. M. Currie as
brevet major and captain in 2nd
Regt. Cavalry, 1872, signed Lome.

Miss Currie

4176 Indenture of Samuel Cassaday to
Wm. Cassaday, for half acre on
Queen street, with house, £520, in
1828.

4177 Posters of Concert in Niagara
(amateur minstrel), April 6th, and
also Dramatic Club, March 25th,
1874.

W. M. Whitelaw, New York City.

RECORD BOOKS.

4178 Constitution and Record of Niag-
ara Temperance Society, 1841.

Miss Carnochan

4179 Record of Cricket Club, Niagara
Grammar School, 1862.

Miss Carnochan

4180 Town and Township Records,
1793-1837. Township Council

4181 Minutes of Public School, 1844-
1880. Town Clerk

4182-95 Fourteen Account Books of
United Counties of Lincoln, Welland
and Haldimand, D. McDougal, treas-
urer. Wm. Kirby

4196 Ledger of Whan & McLean, 1851-
52. F. J. Rowland

4197-4204 Vessel Registers for 1877,
1878, 1879 and 1881; wharfage ac-
count books, 1836-39; wharfage daily
register, 1841-48; wharfage daily re-
gister, 1854-57; wharfage daily re-
gister, 1858-64. Capt. W. A. Milloy

4205 Shipping Book of Date's Steel
Factory, 1874. Mrs. Ascher

4206 1st Lincoln Regt., 1829-38, ten
papers. Mrs. D. Servos

4207 McFarland Records, 1797-1852, 68
documents. The name was original-
ly spelled MoFarlane

Jas. McFarland

4208 St. Andrew's Church Papers,
1827-60, 50 documents.

4209 J. Abbott Papers (20), 1821-29.

Jno. Carnochan

4210 Town Papers (40), 1830-58.

J. H. Burns

!0^1 Rogers, Jas and Agnes (84), 1810-
46. Jno. Carnochan

4212 Upper Canada Gazette, extracts,
1799-1833.

C. C. James and Mrs. B. J. Thomp-
son.

4214 Curzon, Mrs. manuscripts (8).

Miss Curzon

4215 Wilson, Jno., papers and docu-
ments. A. Paffard .Toronto

4216 Jarvis, McCormick, Gilkison pap-
ers (26). Miss Gilkison, Brantford

4217 Clement, papers (4).

4218 Addison, Rev. R., three .sermons.

A. Onslow

4219 Scrapbook of Newspaper Cuttings
relating chiefly to Niagara, arranged
by Mrs. E. J. Thompson and Miss
Carnochan.

4220 Scrapbook Newspaper Cuttings,
relating to Queenston, Lundy's Lane,
Stamford, Stoney Creek, Fort Erie,
etc. Arranged by Miss Carnochan

4221 Scrapbook, Churches and Lib-
rary, Niagara.

Arranged by Miss Carnochan

4222 Correspondence (bound) re build-
ing of Memorial Hall.

Arranged by Miss Carnochan

4223 Scrap Book, receipts of Indians,
1826-1840. Livingston Lansing

CASE XXXII.

BIBLES (LARGE).

4224 Bible of 1610, translated by Theo-
dore Beza, printed at Edinburgh by
Andro Hart at his Buith near the
Cross. Exchange

4225 Folio Bible, Prayer Book, Psalms,
bound together, dated 1702, 1707,
1708.

4226 Folio Volume 1798.

Mrs. Senior

4227 Folio, Boston's Fourfold Estate
and other works, Edinburgh, sold in
Turk's close, 1767. Mrs. Curtis

4228-9 Folio Bible, 1788, printed in
Flesh Market, Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Bible, 1847. . R. C. Burns

4230 Book of Common Prayer, of Rev.
W. McMurray, with autograph, Ox-
ford, 1816, with psalms of Tate and
Brady. Rev. J. C. Garrett

4231-2 Two Folio Books, presented by
S. P. C. K., 1842, for Communion
Table, 1839 and 1842, to St. Mark's.
Rev. J. C. Garrett

4233 Holy Bible, 1827.

Rev. J. C. Garrett

4234 Common Prayer Book, Cam-
bridge, 1838. Rev. J. C. Garrett

4235 Bible Used in Police Court, from
1832. J. H. Burns

4235% Prayer Book and Gospel of St.
Mark, in Mohawk. Translated by
Chief Brant, 1797. Miss Purkis

BOOKCASE, CENTRE.

4236 Homer's Iliad, 1712.

Mrs. Camidge

4237 De Junii Juvenalis London, 1715.

Mrs. Camidge

4238 Ovid's Metamorphoses London,
1727. Mrs. Camidge.

4239 Moliere's Comedies London, 1732.

Mrs. Camidge

4340 Scelta del Goldoni Perigi, 1806.
Mrs. Camidge

4241 New Testament in Greek, 1810.

Mrs. Camidge

4242 K. Kainh, Oxford, 1813.

Mrs. Camidge

4243 Cornelius Nepotis, London, 1826.

Mrs. Camidge

4244 Titus Livius, 1827.

Mrs. Camidge

4245 Homeri Odyssea, Leipsic, 1856.

Mrs. Camidge

4246 Anabasis Xenophon, Leipsic,
1857. Mrs. Camidge

4247 First Six Books Homer's Iliad,
1856. Mrs. Camidge

4248 Anthon's Horace, New York, 1859.

Mrs. Camidge

4249-53 Cosmos, Humboldt, 5 vols,,
1860. Mrs. Camidge

4254 Smith's Classical Dictionary,
1864. Mrs. Camidge

4255 Greek and English Lexicon, 1864.

Mrs. Camidge

4256-8 Blair's Sermons, 3 vols, Edin-
. burgh, 1790. Mrs. E. Patterson

4259 Letters to Burke, 1787.

Miss Kennedy

4260 Methodist Magazine, 1799.

A. Thornton

4261 Last Wills, London, 1677.

C. C. Milloy

4262 Terentii Carthagensis, 1687.

C. C. Milloy

4263 Conic Sections, Oxford, 1802.

C. C. Milloy

4264 Mathematical Tables, London,
1804. C. C. Milloy

4265 Sophocles, Oxford, 1808.

C. C. Milloy

4266 Aristotle, Oxford, 1809.

C. C. Milloy

4267 Clergyman's Instructor, Oxford,
1813. C. C. Milloy

4268 Domestic Poultry, London, 1824. 4297 Gardiner's Calendar, Mrs. Mason.

°; °- Mllloy 4298 Musical Sacra, Utica, 1818.

4269 History of Berne, 1823 Mrs j E wilson Toronto

C. C. Milloy

4270 Bailey's Dictionary. ^wJt?'™ ParaPhrased' by Isaac

Mic-Q PnthllTIP VVdllb, l<y<5.

Mrs. J. B. Wilson, Toronto

4271 Sermons Preached at St. Paul's,

1830 Miss Cathline 4300 Sacred Harmony, 1798.

4272 Algebra and Arithmetic, 1687. Mrs- J- B- Wilson, Toronto

Miss Cathline 4201 Musical Monitor, Ithaca, 1827.

4273 Lindley Murray's Grammar, 1819. Mrs- J- E- Wilson, Toronto

Miss Cathline 4302 Bookkeeping, 1834.

4274 Goldsmith's Geography, 1818. Mrs- J- E- Wilson, Toronto

Miss Cathline 4303 Calvanistic and Socinian System,

4275 Scots Worthies, Dundee, 1819. 1815- Mrs- J- E- Wilson, Toronto

Miss Cathline 4304 Pinnock's Scripture Questions,

4276 Caesar, 1821. Miss Cathline 184°- Mrs- J- E- Wilson, Toronto

4277 Elocution Exercises, 1791. 4305 Cynthio and Leonora, Newcastle,

Mrs. Best 1812' H- Blake

4278 Elocution, 1805. Mrs. D. Milloy 4306 Book of Irish Airs, 1803-10

4279 Essays, 1811. Mrs. D. Milloy MrS" H' A' Garrett
...... _.., • , _, 0 4307 Essays on War, by Otway, 1796.

4280 B,b.e and P«y.r Boo* M Mrs. H. A. Garrett

Mrs. Hartley 43°8 ™*™«»*> ^ H. A. Garrett

4282 Delectus Used in Grammar 4309 chesterfield, 1833.

School, 1843. Mrs. Bottomley Mrs H A Garrett

4283 Charles XII., 1844^ 4310 Grenfield> 1795.

Mrs. Bottomley Mrs H A Garrett

4284 Friendly Visitor, 1829 43n charlotte Temple, 1803.

Mrs. Bottomley Mrs H A Ga

42^9B°yle'S Court ^d County Guide, 4312 Thaddeus of Warsaw, 1809.

Mrs. Bottomley Mrs '

4286 New Testament in Latin Theo- 4314 Reviews of Literature, 1811.
dore Beza. Mrs. Bottomley Mrs j G Curriej gt batharines

4287 History of the World Philadel- 4315 Scott,s Elocutio 1819

phia, 1850. Mrs. Bottomley Mrs j G Curriej gt Catharines

Society in Americ^MartJne^ ^Encyclop.^.. of Gardening,

4289 Dymock's Caesar, 1844. Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

Mrs. Bottomley 4317 Spurzheim's Phrenology, 1835.

4290 Reformers' Gazette, Glasgow, Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

Mrs. Bottomley 4318 Northern Traveller, 1830.

4291 Wesley's Hymnbook, 1799. Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

Mrs. Bottomley 4319 Johnson's English Dictionary,

4292 Burke's Letters. R. Bishop 1832.

4293 Atlas, with maps, 1805-1811. Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

A. Ball 4320 The Tourist, 1834.

4294 Plea for Religion, 1809. Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

Jos. Shaw, Virgil 4321 Graham's Magazine, 1843.

4295 Morse's Geography, 1795. Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

R. Wynn 4322 Travels in Greece, Poland, 1849.

4296 Guide Book to Hampton Court Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines
Palace and St. Paul's Cathedral and 4323 Travelling Map of Scotland, 1818.
Tower, of London. R. Wynn Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

4324 Phrenological Almanac, 1843.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

4325 The Gentleman's Magazine, 1839.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

4326 Lights and Shadows of Scottish
Character, 1824.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

4327 History of Noted Pirates, 1853.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines
4328-29 Strauss' Life of Jesus.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

4330 Life of Benjamin Franklin, Bos-
ton, 1844.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

4331 Protestant Epis. His. So., 1857.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines'

4332 Gil Bias.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

4333 Selections from E. A. Poe.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

4334 Chinese Almanac, 1862.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

4335 Traditions of High Peak, 1862.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

4336 Battle of Dorking.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

4337 University Song Book, 1887.

Mrs. J. G. Currie, St. Catharines

4338 Law Book and Speeches of Ed-
ward Burke, 1775-84. Jno. Ellison

4339 Work of Jas. Hervey, 1779.

Henry Mills, Toronto

4340 Vesey's Cases in Chancery, 1796,
Dublin. Miss Carnochan

4341 Emigrants' Pocket Companion,
1832. Mrs. S. Campbell

4342 Child's Christian Educator, 1823.

Mrs. S. Campbell

4343 Polyanthea, 2 vols., 1804.

Mrs. J. Larkin, River Road

4344 Imperial Magazine, 1825.

Mrs. P. Walker

4345 Plays of Oliver Goldsmith, Edin-
burgh, 1791. W. McD. Newton

4346 Montgomery's Poems, prize in
Grammar School.

W. McD. Newton

4347-51 Josephus' History of Jews, 5
vols. Mi&s Dreger

4352 History of Rome, O. Goldsmith,
Dublin, 1769. Miss Dreger

4353 Four Plays of Shakespeare, 1797.

Miss Dreger

4354 Matthew Henry on Prayer, 1710.

Miss Dreger

4355 Antiquarian Notes, 1827.

Mrs. Saxon, St. Catharines

4356 Christian Poet, Montgomery.

Mrs. Saxon, St. Catharines

4357 Hymns for Free Church, 1811.

Miss Elliot

4358 Homer's Iliad, 1802.

Miss Green

4359-60 Hodgins' Letters from North
America, 1820.

Dr. Milroy, Kilwinning, Scotland
4361 Prize Given at School of Peter
Shaw, 1849

A. R. Carnochan, St. Catharines

4362-63 Law Cases, Lord Elden, Vesey,

1804, 2 vols. A. H. Walsh

4363 Law of Ships, Abbot, 1808.

A. H. Walsh

4364 Wentworth's Executors, 1832.

A. H. Walsh

4365 Archibald's Bankruptcy, 1844.

A. H. Walsh

4366 Telemaque, 1776. A. H. Walsh

4367 De L'Homme, Helvetius.

A. H. Walsh

4368 Chambers' Exercises, 1810.

A. H. Walsh

4369 French Extracts, 1815.

A. H. Walsh

4370 Cicero, Laelius, 1827.

A. H. Walsh

4371 Infantry Manual, 1857. T. Burns

4372 Militia Regulations, 1862, 1887,
1894. T. Burns

4373 More Leaves from Highlands.

Mrs. Follett

4374 Book of Martyrs. Mrs. Follett

4375 Life of P. T. Barnum.

Mrs. Follett

4376 Life of Abraham Lincoln.

Mrs. Follett

4377 Life of U. S. Grant.

Mrs. Follett

4378 Army List, 1838.

Miss Gilkison, Brantford

4379 The Speaker. Mrs. W. Thompson

4380 North Wales.

Miss G. T. Wadsworth

BANK BILLS, PANEL 25, IN RE-
VOLVING CASE. OMITTED.
4381-90 Zimmerman Bank Bills, $1, $3,

$5, $10, $20; Agricultural, $1, $4, $4;
Suspension Bridge, $1, $3.

C. A. F. Ball

4391-93 Commercial, $1, $4, $10.

Mrs. Jos. Greene

4394-96 Zimmerman, $1, $5; East Ten-
nessee, $3; George Longman's Bank,
$20. Miss Cathline

4397-99 Suspension Bridge, $1, $5, $5.
J. P. Clement

4400 International, $5. E. F. Walker

4401 Brantford, $5. Jno. Reid.

4402 Colonial, $1. Leeming Servos

4403 Suspension Bridge, $5.

C. C. James

4404 Fractional, 10 cents.

C. D. McDougal
4405-4407 Fractional, 25 cents, three

varieties. . .

4408-14 New Haven Railroad Co., $1;
Salem and1 Philadelphia, $3; Farmers
Joint Stock, $1; Merchants, $3;
Confederate, $10; Niagara District.
$1; Zimmerman, $3. Mrs. Frink

4415-19 Confederate States, $10; State
of Georgia, 50 cents; State of South
Carolina, 10 cents; Confederate
States, $5; Confederate States, 50
cents. Mis.s Carnochan

BADGES.

4420 Agricultural Show, 1850, mem-
bers' badge. Miss Green

4421 Agricultural Show, judges' badge.

Miss Crouch

4422 Agricultural Show, members'
badge. . Jde. W. Randall

4423 Niagara Race Badge. Miss Hall
4424-25 Paper Currency issued by Wat-
kins & Harris at Toronto about
1834, for 2s. 6d., Is. 3d., and 7y2<I.

Miss Wyatt, Toronto

NEWSPAPERS PRINTED IN NI-
AGARA.

Volume bound by kindness of J.
Ross Robertson, containing speci-
mens of fifteen different newspapers
published here from 1793 to 1895,
numbering 113 copies.
4426-4538 Upper Canada Gazette or
American Oracle, July 3rd, Aug.
14th, Dec. 10th, 1794. C. A. F. Ball
U. C. Gazette, reprint of first num-
ber, April 18th, 1793.

Miss Carnochan

Spectator, April 9th, 1818, Aug. 8th,
1819. J. M. Clement

Spectator, May 3rd, 1817.

Jno. Thornton

Spectator, May 28th, 1818.

Mrs, W. S. Ball

Gleaner, Jan. 6th, 1819; Spectator,
Feb. 4th, 1819; Chronicle, April
17th, 1851. Miss Lockwood

Spectator, Jan. 6th, 1819; Herald,
May 20th, 1830; Fountain, 1847.

Mrs. Follett
Reporter, four copies.

T. P. Blain, St. Catharines
Herald, 1830; Mail, 1854.

Mrs. R. N. Ball
Reporter, four copies.

Dr. F. E. Crysler

Spirit of the Times, Jan. 24th, 1830;
Gleaner, 7 copies, 1819-1839; Tele-
graph, Nov. 16th, 1836; Reporter,
3 copies, 1835-7; Chronicle, 2
copies, 1838-1852. C. A. F. Ball
Herald, 10 copies, 1827-9. Exchange
Chronicle, Dec. 31st, 1847.

Mrs. R. A. Campbell, Montreal
Chronicle, 11 copies, 1844-53.

Herbert Blake
Gleaner, Oct. 12th, 1833.

Canon Bull

Chronicle, 1849. Miss Walsh

Gleaner, 8 copies, 1827-9.

Rev. A. Scherck, Toronto

Argus, 9 copies, 1845-6; Reporter, 2
copies, 1840-1; Chronicle, 12
copies; Fountain, vol. 1, No. 1,
1847. J. A. Blake

News, July 12th, 1871, to Oct. 4th;
Herald, 1886. F. H. Grainger

News, 2 copies. Jas. Carnochan

Observer, July 8th, 1867.

Geo. Field, Queenston

Herald, 1886. Mrs. Bottomley

Echo, No. 1, vol. 1, May 7th, 1884.

Miss Waters

Echo, No. 1, vol. 1, May 7th, 1884.

Mrs. C. Secord

Mail, 1850. Miss McClelland

Bound with these Niagara papers
are the following: —

British Palladium, Feb. 10th, 1839.
7th, 1816; Providence Patriot,
April 27th, 1816; British Colonial
Argus, Sept., 1833.

Miss Lockwood
York Observer, Dec. 10th, 1827.

C. A. F. Ball
York Observer, Jan. 5th, 1829.

Mrs. Follett

St. Catharines Journal, Sept. 29th,
1836. Mrs. J. C. Secord

British Palladium, Feb. 10th, 1839.

C. A. F. Ball

Toronto Patriot, Dec. 28th, 1838.
Spirit of the Age, 1884, Toronto.

Miss Green

4539-4688 Bound Copy of Mail, as
above, by J. Ross Robertson, 1847
to 1868, 86 numbers; bound copy of
Chronicle, as above, 1848-54, 64
numbers. Jno. A. Blake

4689-4788 GleanejY bound, Dec., 1831
to Dec.,TS"33, with a few copies of
St. Thomas Liberal and Hamilton
Free Press.

Johnson Butler, St. Davids
4789-4860 Mail, 1847 to 1859, 42 copies.
ChrojiJQ.Ie1_1844 to 1853, 30 copies.

Jno. Carnochan
4861-6 News, 1871, 6 copies.

F. H. Grainger

4867-8 Niagara Chronicle, 1853, 1855.
Mrs. D. Servos

4869 Mail, 1856. Miss Flanigan

4870 Mail, 1850. .. Mrs. Bottomley

4871 Mail. J. M. Clement
4872-3 Chronicle, 1854; Mail, 1855.

Mrs. Cattenach, Williamstown

4874 Mail, Aug., 1861; Oct., 1864.

Mrs. F. Walker

4875 News, March, 1871.

Mrs. F. Walker

CASE XXXIII.

INDIAN AND MILITARY, SHEP-
HERD COLLECTION.

4876-84 Nine Celts.

4885 Fine Gouge.

4886 Pestle.

4887-4890 Parts of Four Clay Pipes.
4891-7 Five Pieces of Wampum, Glass

Bead, Bone Wampum, Ornament.
4898-5024 127 Arrow Heads and Spear

Heads.

5025 Fragments of Pottery.
5026-9 Three Cannon Balls, one grape.
5030-44 15 Bullets (old).

5045 Fragment Shell.

5046 Old Bayonet. '

5047 Spearhead.

5048 Small Pistol.

5049 Large Key, dug up under steps of
Fort Mississagua.

5053-1 Gun Flints. All found by E.
Shepherd at Fort George, or Fort
Mississagua; also near Virgil and
in trench near Indian camping
ground.

5051 Hudson Bay Trade Gun.

5052 Kentucky Carbine.

5053 Crimean Medal, French.

5054 Boer Bugler's Bandolier, for 50
cartridges, used in South Africa,
with name J. T. Brooks.

E. Shepherd, North Bay

5055 Doll of Indian Chief's Daughter.

Mrs. Eckersley

5056 Dressed Deer Skin, dressed with
brains of animals. Purchase

5057-8 Beaded Buckskin Coat of Mon-
tana Chief, beaded bracelet of his
daughter. Mrs. Pyper, Woodstock

5059 Indian Tobacco Bag, from North-
west, with ornamental beadwork
(skippitagon or firebag).

Mrs. Jno. Coleman

NEWSPAPERS, MISCELLANEOUS.

5060-71 Welland Canal Intelligencer,
1827-33, 12 copies. C. A. F. Ball

5072-94 The Indian, bound volume, 23
months, 1886.

Dr. Jones, Kah-ke-no-quonna-by, Hag-
arsville.

5095-97 Maple Leaf, Cowansville, 1899,
3 numbers.

5098 Fac-simile of Historical Docu-
ments, 1587 to 1815.

Rev. N. Smith, Toronto

5099-5100 Two Magazines, published by
Leinster Regiment, formerly 100th.
Capt. Dickinson, Halifax

5101-02 Poster, with advertisement for
enlistment in 1858, and petitions
with regard to re-patriation of 100th
Regt., it having lost its name with
109th Bombay Regt.

Capt. Dickinson, Halifax

5103 Detroit Free Press, vol. 1, No. 1,
1838.

Mrs. Morrison, Niagara Falls

5104 British American Journal, 1834.

Wm. Forbes, Grimsby

5105 Jubilee Coronation Number Lon-
don Sun, 1838.

Miss Gilkison, Brantford

5106 Le Petit Colon, Algiers, 1881.

Com. Barber, U. S. Navy

5107 New York Morning Post, re-print,
1783 Miss Lockwood

5108 Bound Volume Church, 1842.

Mrs. Senior

5109 New York Albion, bound, 1841.

Edw. Wootten

5110 New York Albion, bound, 1849.

A. R. Carnochan

5111 New York Albion, in parts, 1837-
38. Miss Durand

5112-14 Toronto Globe, bound, 1849,
1851, 1852. John Kirby, Toronto

5115-19 Toronto Grip, 1881-1885.

Public Library

5120-26 London Punch, 7 years, 1874-
75, 1881-85. Public Library

5127 Copies Canadian Illustrated
News. Alfred Ball

5128 Toronto British Herald, October,
1861. Mrs. F. Walker

5129 Toronto Voters' Guide, 1861.

Mrs. F. Walker

5130 Royal Visit to Canada, 1901.

Mrs. E. J. Thompson
5131-32 Bloomfontein Friend, 1899,
1900. Dr. Jas. Bain

5132 Shanghai Daily Press, 1899.

Miss Purkis

5134 Hebrew Paper.

Lt. McLellan, William stown

5135 Christian Guardian, 75th Anni-
versary, 1829-1904.

Miss Crouch, Virgil

5136-42 Montreal Herald, 1819; Ga-
zette, 1835; Courier, 1837; Montreal
Pilot, 1845; Transcript, 1846; Wit-
ness, 1849: Star, 1879.

5143-44 Quebec Gazette, 1857; Mer-
cury, 1839.

5145 Halifax Nova Scotian, 1853.

5146-47 Kingston Herald, 1837; Chron-
icle, 1853.

5148-50 Hamilton Journal, Express,
1853; Spectator.

5151 St. Catharines British Colonial,
Argus, 1833.

5152-53 Woodstock Gazette, 1848;
Spirit of the Times.

5154-56 Gait Courier, 1846. 1852; Re-
former.

5157 Guelph Herald, 1855.

5158 Berlin Telegraph, 1854.

5159-60 Simcoe Long Point Advocate,
1844; Norfolk Messenger, 1854.

5161 Amherstburg Courier, 1854. ».

5162 London Pioneer, 1848.

5163 Woodstock Essex Review, Re-
cord, 1855.

5164 Amherstburg Courier, 1854.
5165-66 Brantford, Brant Herald, 1853;

Tri-Weekly, 1856.

5167-68 Welland Tribune, 1865; Advo-
cate, 1852.

5169 Sandwich, Canada Oak, 1854.

5170 Peterboro Examiner, 1867.

5171 Goderich, Huron Loyalist, 1852.

5172 Sarnia Observer, 1865.

5173 Hamburg (German), 1855.

5174 Toronto Church, 1848.

5175 Toronto Banner, 1843,

5176 Toronto Patriot, 1848.

5177 Toronto British Colonist, 1849.

5178 Toronto Provincial Telegraph,
1849.

5179 Toronto Catholic Citizen, 1854.

5180 Toronto Canadian, 1853.

5181 Toronto Christian Guardian,
1845.

5182 Toronto, The Grumbler, 1858.

5183 Toronto Christian Journal, 1873.

5184 Toronto Globe, 1846, 1872.

5185 Toronto Leader, 1865. 1872.

5186 Toronto Mail, 1872.

5187 Toronto Telegraph, 1870.

5188 Patriot, 1838.

5136-5188 — Miss Carnochan

SPECIAL COPIES, JUBILEE OR
SOME SPECIAL EVENT.

5189 Toronto Globe, Jubilee, 1897.
5190. Toronto Globe, Homecomers,

1903.

5191 Toronto Globe, 60th Anniversary
of city, 1834, 1894.

5192 Toronto Globe, Women's Number,
1905.

5193 Toronto Globe, Canadian Insti-
tute's meeting at Niagara, 1900.

5189-5193 — Miss Carnochan

5194 Hamilton Central School Jubilee.

Mrs. Taylor

5195 St. Thomas Echo, industrial num-
ber. Mrs. A. Burns

5196 Welland Tribune, Old Boys, 1906.

'. « A. R. Carnochan

5197 Brantford, Bell Telephone Jubi-
lee, 1906. R. C. Burns

5198 Mail and Empire, Foresters'
Home number, 1905.

5199 St. Catharines Standard, histor-
ical. C. A. F. Ball

5200 Montreal Standard, historical.

F. Yeigh

5201 Toronto Star, Women's Historical
Society number, 1901.

5202 Winnipeg Historical Number.

Mrs. Shaw, Winnipeg

5203 London Times, King Edward's
Memorial number, 1910.

Mrs. D. Boulton

5204 Japanese Paper.

5205-7 Windsor, Ont., Historical So-
ciety's Annual Meeting, 3 papers.
5206-8 Kingston, Ont., Historical So-
ciety's Annual Meeting, 3 papers.
5210-2 Brockville, Ont., Historical So-
ciety's Annual Meeting, 3 papers.

5204-5212 — Miss Carnochan

5213-20 iNapanee Beaver, uisioncai, 8

numbers. C. M. Warner, Napanee

Almost complete copies of Niagara

Mail for 1847, 1853, 1859, 1860-1,

1863, 1866, 1870.

Loaned by John Kirby, Toronto
Almost complete file of Niagara
Times from 1805 to 1910.

Public Library

Niagara County News, Youngstown,

180 copies. F. H. Grainger

St. Catharines Semi-Weekly Post, 98

copies. Jno. Carnochan

St. Catharines Daily Star-Journal,

1891-1906, almost complete 16

years.

A. R. Carnochan, St. Catharines
Brother Jonathan, 1841-4, single
copies of. New York Era, 1849.
Alexander's Philadelphia Messen-
ger, 1838, 1843. Golden Dollar,

1852. Colorado Tribune, 1850.
Hokah Chief, 1858. Columbian,

1853. New Yorker, 1836.. Tele-
graph, 1849. J. A. Blake

Besides the articles contributed as
above there have been given picture
frames by Mrs. C. A. F. Ball, Mrs. J.
G. Currie, Mrs. E. J. Thompson, Mrs.
Follett, Mrs. C. Brown, Mrs Garrett,
Miss Baxter, Miss Carnochan, Mrs.
Hunter, Miss Alma, Mrs. Hartley, Miss
Kennedy, Mr. H. Paffard, H. Doyle,
showcases by the Education Depart-
ment, Capt. Wilkinson, Mr. Jas. Dor-
ritty, bookcases by Mr. Wm. Long and

Dr. Anderson, business table by Mrs.
M. Servos, tables by Mrs. McGaw and
Mrs. J. S. Clarke, small cases by Mrs.
Newton and Miss Currie.

ADDENDA— MISCELLANEOUS.

5221-27 Three long Chinese Arrows.
Canister fired by Boxers in China,
1900. Shrapnel Nozzle, fired into
Canadian camp, South Africa. Frag-
ment of Shell, fired into Fort George,
1813. Chinese Soldier's Coat. Con-
tributed by Sergt. Torry, 31st Regt.,
Durham.

5228 Gun used for shooting deer in
early years. Jas. Samson

5229-31 Two Buttons from the field of
Waterloo, picked up 18th June, 1902.
Buttons of troop of Colonial Cav-
alry in London, England.

Rev. T. D. Phillips, Chicago

5232 Cannon Ball of 1813.

Clifton Hainer

5233 Belt Buckle of King's Dragoon
Guards, given by Lieut. Grant to J.
T. Gilkison, 1838.

Miss A. I. G. Gilkison, Brantford

5234 Chinese Memorial Chart, from a
temple in Pekin, time of Relief of
Legations, 1900.

Sergt. Torry, 31st Regt, Durham

5235 Walnut Washstand which be-
longed to Geo. Keefer, the founder
of Thorold.

Mis.s Munro, Thorold
5235 Seventy-seven Lantern Slides of
scenery in Norway, with lecture il-
lustrating.

Dr. A. Milroy, Ayr, Scotland

5237 Hetchel for tearing flax, coarse
and fine. Mrs. Depew, Stamford

5238 Scarf made by habitants of Que-
bec, curiously woven by hand.

E. H. Shepherd

5239 Deed of Land in New York city,
signed by John Jacob Astor, 1806.

Livingston Lansing

5240 Scrap Book with forty receipts by
Indians to Greig & Gibson, mostly
"his mark," among them sons of
Mary Jamieson, "the white woman,"
1827-42. Livingston Lansing

5242 Scots' Magazine, 1807.

Dr. Cockburn, North Bay
5243-44 Two Large Silver Table

Spoons, marked J. L. S., Jas. and

Laura Secord.

Left to His. So. by will of Miss Au-
gusta Smith, granddaughter,
Guelph.

5245 Steel Engraving of His Grace the
Duke of Wellington, Albion issue.

Mrs. J. G. Currie

5246-47 Two Water Color Sketches,
one of Fog Horn near Fort Missis-
sagua, the other of Fishermen's Nets
at mouth of river, 1886. Purchase
5248 Map of Niagara, new survey,
1910, by Alex. Niven, P. L. S.

J. de W. Randall

5249-54 Collection of Articles— Mary-
land Journal, 1773; Boston Palla-
dium, 1812; letters to Boer prison-
ers of war in Bermuda, 1901; en-
velope of letter which had gone
round the world in 153 days; letters
from South Africa.

Dr. Cockburn, North Bay

5255 Photo of Laura Secord Monu-
ment at Queenston.

Jas. Munro, St. Catharines

5256 McDougal Scrap Book, consist-
ing of documents relating to placing
obelisk in 1860, where Brock fell,
and letters relating to the wounds
of Col. McDougal at Lundy's Lane;
a letter from Judge McLean, 1860,
re Queenston Heights, 1813; another
from Bishop McDonell, Glengarry,
1814. W. McD. Newton

5257 Photo of Presbyterian Assembly,
1875. Miss Creed

5258 Framed Picture of Toronto, 1834,
showing windmill. R. W. Allen

5259 Photo of Bishops of Canada, 1890.

Rev. J. C. Garrett

5260 Sickle used by Wm. Riley, 1812,
marked with the broad arrow.

Wm. Riley

5261 New Hampshire Gazette, 1756,
No. 1. Mrs. Enoch J. Thompson

5262 Photo of Suspension Bridge at
Clifton, 1850.

Dr. Trimble, Queenston
5263-5 Sinker used by Indians at Whirl-
pool, Toddy Mixer, Geological speci-
men, Folkstone, England.

Mrs. Coggins

5266 Small Spirit Lamp, Old Litho-
graph, Newspaper, with cut, predict-
ing the end of the world, 1834, Tor-
onto. Mrs. Deveau

5267 Volume 14 Ohio Historical So-
ciety.

5268 Numismatic Journal, 1910.

Chateau de Ramezay

5269 Cardiphonia, by Rev. John New-
ton. Mrs. Follett

5270 Royal Colonial Institute Journal,
1911. London, England

5271-2 Dictionary of Indian Lore, 2
vols.

Bureau of Ethnology, Washington,
D.C.

5273 Wisconsin Historical, vol. 19.

Donald McLeod's Gloomy Mem-
ories, evictions in the Highlands of
Scotland.

A. R. Carnochan, St. Catharines

5274-5 Rhode Island His. So., 1909,
1910.

5276 Sullivan's Campaign, Rochester,
1842.

Miss Quade, Ransomville, N.Y.

5277 Long Island Historical Society,
campaign of 1776.

5278-9 Roman Antiquities, Scottish
Hymnal. Mrs. W. Thompson

5280 Model of Head in Wax of Mrs.
Hi neks, done by the brother of F. H.
Grainger. Mrs. O. Taylor

5281 Brant Centenary Calendar, 1908.

R. C. Burns, Brantford

5282 Large Hamper which belonged to
Laura Ingersoll Secord.

Miss Augusta Smith, Guelph

5283 Despatch (printed) from Secre-
tary of State to Lord Elgin, 1850, ap-
proving his conduct.

T. C. Dawson, Sheriff, St. Catha-
rines.

Drapes for Decoration, used at the
Coronation of King Edward VII., in
London, by the Mohawk Indians,
with motto "Kora nok ye Kora."

Bandage, Pipe, Cartridge, from the
Boer war.

Mrs. F. B. Kirby, Bridlington, Eng-
land.

Account of Col. Wm. Kingsmill, Niag-
ara.

Genealogical Table of Kingsmill family
from 1273.

Nicol Kingsmill, K.C., Toronto

Letter of Goldwin Smith, re founding
of "The Week." Article for news-
paper. Mrs. Perry, Toronto

"DUCIT AMOR PATRICE"

NIAGARA
HISTORICAL SOCIETY

No. 25

Laura Ingersoll Secord

Monument at

Lundy's Lane

Queenston in Early Years

Diary of a Prisoner in
Red River Rebellion

w-^r*-

PRICE 25 CENTS

<• '" --1ST

NIAGARA 1913 ^ N

Times Print

Preface

For the contents of our number 25 we are indebted chiefly to
Mrs. E. J. Thompson and to Mrs. Bottonaley, the former for gather-
ing so carefully as she has done all the little personal items which
are lacking in the accounts given and who worked so faithfully
and successfully to obtain the monument — to Mrs. Bottomly for
allowing the diary of her husband kept so carefully for many years,
to be printed, which gives us a vivid picture of the life of the
prisoners in Fort Garry. Since our last publication we have re-
printed number 12, "The Taking of Fort George" and 15 "Sir
Isaac Brock and Count de Puisaye" as many demands were made
for these numbers We nave called our Catalogue, printed for us
by the kindness of ]. Ross Robertson, number 24, as many have
bound it with the other publications.

171

LAURA INGERSOLL SECORD
This is believed to be the only picture of the heroine

HOME OF LAURA SECORD AT CHIPPAWA

LAURA INGERSOLL SECORD

By Mrs. E. J. Thompson.

As very little is known of Laura Secord beyond her walk
to warn Lieut Fitzgibbon, I have tried to gather the various
stories told of her at different times.

She was born at Great Harrington, Mass., on Sept. 13,
1775, the daughter of Col. Thomas Ingersoll and Elizabeth
Dewey. There is no written record of her birth at the town of
Great Barrington.

Col. Ingersoll had four sons! and seven daughters. His
first wife was Elizabeth Dewey, his last wife Sarah Whitney.
Laura was the eldest of the family. Col. Ingersoll was not a
United Empire Loyalist, as he served with the American
forces during the Revolutionary War and after peace had been
declared came to Canada at the invitation of Governor Simcoe
(who had known him during his former residence in Amer-
ica). After remaining at Niagara for a short time he bought
land in what is now Oxford county, and the town of Ingersoll
is named from him.

So far I have not found the record of Laura Ingersoll's
marriage to James Secord but in an address before the Pioneer
and Historical Association of Ontario (page 17, annual report
P.&H.A., 1895) in June, 1895, Mrs. S. A. Curzon says "I can-
not close without quoting from a 'Directory for the County of

Peel,' which I found in our (Toronto) Public Library: 1

found among numerous items of settlement, County Court
records and other matters, what I have long been looking for,
how the heroic Laura Secord became acquainted, or rather, as
I ought to put it, had the opportunity of becoming acquainted
with her husband. She was an Ingersoll, a daughter of Mr.
Thomas Ingersoll, who came thither from Massachusetts at
the request of Gov. Simcoe. In the records of the Sessions
commencing 14th July, 1812, is to be found the following:

"Jan. 16th, 1813, Charles Ingersoll, son of the late Thomas
Ingersoll of the River Credit, applied to the Court to be ai-

lowed, jointly with his mother, a tavern license for the
Government House at the River Credit, stating that his father
had kept said house for some years. Granted."

"The Secords, of whom there were several brothers, had
mill and other property in the township of Etobicoke, as well
as in Niagara and other parts of Canada, and thus it is easy
to see how the meeting of the young people, 'James Secord and
Laura Ingersoll, might happen."

Mrs. Currie has told the story of Laura Secord searching
for her husband, who had been wounded at the Battle of
Queenston Heights, and carrying him home.

After the battle Mrs. Secord, assisted by two other
women (Maria Hill, wife of Sergeant Hill of one of the Regi-
ments stationed at Queenston, and Mary Durham, afterwards
Mrs. Swayzie), cooked food and made coffee for the troops,
and attended to the wounded.

There is a story told by an old lady in Chippawa, who said
Airs. Secord had told her, that Maria Hill hid her baby (who
was only six months old) in the middle of a pile of cordwood,
so that she cov.ld go and help Mrs. Secord look after the
wounded and take care of them until other help would come
from Fort George.-

Sergeant Secord of the Lincoln Militia had been shot i i
the hip, and when the inhabitants of Queenston had to move
back into the country, Mrs. Secord was allowed to remain
with him in their house, as it was impossible to move her
husband without danger to his life.

In Mrs. Secord's household were two black servants called
Pete and Floss. The American officers who were stationed
at Queenston came as often as possible to the Secord house for
their meals, and one night they had been very abusive to both
the colored people, and Mrs. Secord had to wait on them her-
self; and it was while serving them with their supper that
she heard Chapin (who \vas an officer in the American forces)
speaking of the proposed scheme to attack our small force
guarding supplies at De Cew's Quickly she realized the
importance of the information, and after talking it over with
her husband, decided to warn FitzGibbon, who was in com-
mand. We have to remember that at this time the British
had been defeated and the Americans were in possession of
the Forts and villages along the Niagara frontier — the greate^
number of the inhabitants having retired back into the conn-

.try, and the majority of the soldiers being with Harvey at
Burlington Heights. Most of the ammunition and supplies
for the army were at De Cew's, near the Beaver Dam, under
the charge of Lieut. FitzGibbon, and if the Americans had
destroyed these supplies, they would have cut , off Upper
Canada from the base of supplies in Lower Canada, and the
country , would then have very easily been taken by the in-
vaders. Mrs. Secord decided to walk to St. Davids, two and
a half miles away, and get her brother, Charles Ingersoll, to
send word to FitzGibbon.

The next morning at break of day she put her little chil-
dren into bed with their father, and bidding them good bye,
started on her errand. On reaching St. Davids she found her
brother very ill with fever and delirious, and as she could get
no person to carry the news, decided to go herself ; and as ill
the roads were in possession of the Americans — they having
their pickets out for ten miles back from the frontier — she
was obliged to go through what was then called the
"Black Swamp," she had to walk about twenty-two miles.
The Black Swamp at that time was the haunt of many wild
animals. Several times Mrs. Secord could hear the wolves,
which apparently were on her track ; and until the day she died
if a dog howled it always frightened her. She was about 58
years old at this time.

It may be interesting to know what Mrs. Secord wore on
this occasion. From various sources I have had description's
given me, and they all agree on the main points, and she her-
self used- to show her grandchildren pieces of a brown cotton
or print with a little pink polka dot, and she said these were
pieces of the dress she wore when she walked from Queenston
to De Cew's. She wore a cottage bonnet tied under her chin.
She had balbriggan stockings, with red silk clocks on the side,
and low shoes with buckles. She lost one shoe in the swamp
and the other in crossing Twelve Mile Creek over a fallen
tree.

She had left Queenston early in the morning, and the
moon was shining when she arrived at the encampment where
the Indians were under Colonel De Haran T— and the Indians
carried her to De Cew's house.

See Note 2, page 15, "Fight in the Beech wood «."

Fcr-a full account of the engagement at the Benvpr Dams see Part II,
page 110, of the ' Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niagara

Frontier in the year 1813." Collected and edited for the Lundy's Lane His
torical Society, by Lieut. Col. E. Cruikshank.

LAURA SECORD NARRATIVE

From the Anglo American Magazine, Vol. Ill, Toronto, 1853, No. 5,
p. 467, the war of 1812, by Auchinleck, afterwards published in book form.

"I shall commence at the Battle ofi Queenston, where I
was at the time the cannon balls were flying around me in
every direction. I left the place during the engagement. After
the battle I returned to Queenston and there found that my
husband had been wounded, my house plundered and property
destroyed. It was while the Americans had possession of the.
frontier that I learned the plans of the American commander
and determined to put the British troops under FitzGibbon
in possession of them, and if possible to save the British
troops from capture or perhaps total destruction. In doing
so I found I should have great difficulty in getting through
the American guards, which were out ten miles in' the coun-
try. Determined to persevere, I left early in the morning,
walked nineteen miles in the month of June over a rough and
difficult part of the country, when I came to a field belonging
to a Mr. Decamp in the neighborhood of the Beaver Dam. By
this time daylight had, left me. Here I found all the Indians
encamped; by moonlight the scene was terrifying and to those
accustomed to such scenes might be considered grand. Upon
advancing to the Indians they all arose and with some yells
said, "Woman," which made me tremble. I cannot express
the awful feeling it gave me, but I did not lose my presence
of mind. I was determined to persevere. I went up to one of
the chiefs, made him understand that I had great news for
Capt. FitzGibbon and that he must let me pass to his camn
or that he and his party would all be taken. The chief at fivc«t.
objected to let me pass, but finally consented, after some hesi-
tation, to go with me and accompany me to FitzGibbon's sta-
tion, which was at the Beaver Dam, where I had an interview
with him. I then told him what I had come; for and what I
had heard — that the Americans intended to make an attack
upon the troops under his command and would, from their
superior numbers, capture them all. Benefiting by this in-
formation, Capt. FitzGibbon formed his plans according^
and captured about five hundred American infantry, about
fifty mounted dragoons,, and a field piece or two was taken

from the enemy. I returned home next day exhausted and
fatigued. I am now advanced in years, and when I look back
I wonder how I could have gone through so much fatigue with
the fortitude to accomplish it.

Dr. C. C. James found lately in the Church newspaper the
following letter which contains the earliest known printed
record of the event :

(To the Editor of the Church.)

Queenston, llth April, 1845.

Sir — In the course of the late debate in the House of As-
sembly relative to the propriety of granting Colonel Fitz-
Gibbon one thousand pounds for his services in lieu of a grant
of land, Mr. Aylwin said : "he strongly opposed the grant and
gave as one reason that Colonel Fitzgibbon had monopolized
honor that did not rightfully belong to him. He had received
credit for the affair at Beaver Dam, whilst in point of fact the
party,1 to whom that credit was due was Major Delorimer, i
relative of his own, and a native of Lower Canada ; but instead
of being rewarded for his services, Major Delorimer could not
obtain the life of his son when he afterwards solicited it."
Now I think it proper that Mr. Aylwin should be informed, and
that the country in general should know, in what way Col.
FitzGibbon achieved so much honor for the affair at the Beaver
Dam. My mother living on the frontier during the whole of
the late American war, a warm supporter of the British cause,
frequently met with the American officers, and upon the occa-
sion of the capture of the American troops at the Beaver Dam,
after our troops — consisting of a small detachment under Col.
FitzGibbon, then Lieut. FitzGibbon of the 49th Regt, and some
Indians — had taken up their position at that place, overheard
an American officer say to others of the officers, that they
intended to surpnse and capture the British troops at the
Lie aver Dam. Wi.''out waiting for further information, mv
mother, a lone woman, at once left her house to apprise the
British troops of what she had heard, and travelled on foot ihe
whole of the way, passing all the American guards, and many
of the American scouts who were placed along the road, until
she arrived at the Beaver Dam, and inquiring for the officer
in command, was introduced to Lieut. Fitzgibbon as the oflicer
in command, he then told him what she had come for, and
all she had heard — that the Americans intended to make an

attack upon them, and would no doubt from their superior
numbers capture them all. Col. FitzGibbon, in consequence
of this information, prepared himself to meet the enemy, and
soon after the attack being made, the American troops were
captured and one or two field pieces taken, as the Colonel's
certificate of my mother's services on that occasion, accom-
panying this communication, will show. .It might, perhaps,
be as well for me, while upon this subject, further to state,
that I never heard my; mother speak of Major Delorimer or
any other officer being at the Beaver Dam at that time. Col.
Fitzgibbon was the only officer who appeared to be in com-
mand to whom my mother gave the information, and who acted
the part he so nobly did on that occasion.

I am, sir, your most obedient servant,

CHAS. B. SECORD.

(Certificate)

Toronto, 23rd February, 1857.

I do hereby certify that Mrs. Secord, the wife of James
Secord of Chippawa, Esquire, did in the month of June, 1813,
walk from her house in the village of St. Davids, to De Cew's
house in Thorold, by a circuitous route of about twenty miles,
partly through the woods, to acquaint me that the enemy in-
tended to attempt by surprise to capture a detachment of the
49th Regt., then under my command, she having obtained
such knowledge from good authority, as the event proved.
Mrs. Secord was a person of slight and delicate frame, and
made this effort in weather excessively warm, and I dreaded
at the time that she might suffer in health in consequence of
fatigue and anxiety, she having been exposed to danger froi.i
the enemy, through whose lines of communication she had to
pass The attempt was made on my detachment by the enemy
and hit detachment, consisting of upwards of 500 men wu*i
:i field piece, and 50 dragoons, were captured in consequence.
J write this certificate in a moment of mucu hurry, and fro-M
memory, and it is therefore thus Vrief.

(Signed) JAMES FITZGIBBON,

Former;/ Lieut, in the 49th Regt.

Resolution 143 :

Rtbolved, That it is the opinion of the Committee that a
sum not exceeding one thousand pounds currency, be granted
to Her Majesty or Lt.-Col. FitzGibbon in lieu of the grant of

land recommended to be made to him by the Legislature of
Upper Canada.

Yeas— 38. Nays— 24.

Mr. Aylwin opposed the motion.

I have referred very little to the historical side of this
story, as that may be had in detail in Part 6 of Documentary
History of the War of 1812, by Col. Gruikshank, publish-
ed by the Lundy's Lane Historical Society (account of De
Cew's and Beaver Dam) and in their publication the
"Fight in the Beechwoods/' also by Col. Cruikshank. Mrs.
Curzon wrote the Drama of Laura Secord and a poem called
"Laura Secord," published in 1898, as well as "The Story of
Laura Secord," and Mrs. J. G. Currie wrote her book in 1898 —
"The Story of Laura Secord." The proceeds, after expenses
were paid, of Mrs. Currie's book she has given to assist the
erection of the monument at Queenston Heights.

Dr. Jakeway has also written a poem called "Laura
Secord," and poems have been written by Charles Mair, and
Miss Agnes Maule Machar of Kingston.

For many years after the War of 1812 the Loyal and
Patriotic Society held banquets. They were held annually at
Grimsby and once or twice at York, and at these banquets the
toast to the King came first — then all silently stood up and
drank to Gen. Brock, and then they drank a toast to Mrs.
Secord — "One of the bravest."

Laura Secord was of a kindly disposition, always doing
something to help others, and while I was collecting for the
Monument, which we erected at Lundy's Lane, an old man
came to see me one day at Canon Bull's house, and told me he
had walked twenty-two miles to bring me a dollar towards
the Monument. He said that when he was a boy in Chippawa,
and very poor, he used to shovel snow for Mrs. Secord, and
that she always had a hot breakfast for him, and that she knit
the first pair of mitts he ever owned, so he had always wanted
to do something1 for her memory, and when he heard I was at
Niagara Falls he walked there. He would not tell me what his
name was.

She was always very kind and thoughtful to children,
giving them many little gifts, cakes and bread and butter, and
a great many of the old soldiers, who had served with her hus-
band, ivsed to visit her in Chippawa. She always helped them

— not so much by what she gave as by her kind sympathy .and
thoughtfulness for them.

One day when I was collecting for the monument at
Lundy's Lane, Mrs. McLeod, wife of the late rector of Chip-
pawa,who had known Mrs. Secord very well,came to see Canon
Bull; and we asked her how it was that James and Laura
Secord were buried atLundy'sLane instead of at Chippawa,and
she said she remembered very well her husband coming home
shortly before James Secord's death and saying that "Secord
wanted to be buried on the battle field where all the good men
who had fought in the War of 1812 "had left their bones/'
and that after his death Mrs. Laura Secord made Dr. McLeod
promise that when she died she should be laid beside her hus-
band.

Many questions have been asked as to why this daring
deed of Mrs. Secord's was not recognized before 1860; but one
must remember that after the war a great deal of bitter feeling
prevailed along the border, and there were many cases of ins nit
and injury to those who had taken any prominent part in the
struggle.

One can understand a timid woman like Mrs. Secord
dreading the insults of such people, and her anxiety to keep
the part that she had taken to herself — although she always
recognized that her walk had meant a great deal to the British
officers, who were striving to protect such a large tract of
country from the invading army, and with a very small force
at their command.

The Secords remained at Queenston for some years after
the war of 1812, until James Secord, receiving an appointment
as Collector of Customs at Chippawa, they moved there some
time in the 1820's.

The house in which Mrs. Secord lived is still standing at
Chippawa, and it was there she died on October 17th, 1868,
in her ninety-fourth year, and when I first visited the house
the rooms, were left very much as they were in Mrs. Secord's
time. She was very fond of gardening and had beautiful
flowers, many of which are still growing. On the day of the
unveiling of the Monument at Lundy's Lane there was a large
wreath of red and white roses from her own garden placed on
the Monument by Mrs. Fessenden.

Capt. James Cummings of Chippawa always honored
Laura Secord's birthday, — September 13th, by hoisting the

flag. Capt. Cummings had received Major Chapin's sword
when he surrendered at Beaver Dams.

(See Vol. 7, page 179, Ontario Historical Society Papers
and Records.)

People have suggested the removing of the remains of
Mrs. Secord and her husband from Lundy's Lane; but from
the first, Mrs. Curzon, and those of us who have worked for
the erection of the Monument, were determined that their
bones should not be disturbed, as they had been buried at
Lundy's Lane at their own wish. The simple headstone,
which was removed from Lundy's Lane, had been erected by
subscription by many friends of Mrs. Secord at Chippawa, and
after the erection of the Monument at Lundy's Lane, it was
removed to Trinity Church, Chippawa, and permanently
affixed in the walls of the vestibule.*

MARY — the eldest daughter married Dr. William

Trumbull, Surgeon 37th Regt., March 18th, 1816, and when
the regiment returned to England she went with him, and
settled near Belfast, where her daughter Elizabeth married a
Mr. Davis, and a son of * Elizabeth Davis is a Doctor
in the Indian army and in charge of a large hospital in Bur-
mah. A daughter of Mrs. Davis married an officer in the
Norwegian army and is now living in Norway.

Dr. Trumball's second daughter, Mary, died unmarried.

ABELONIA and CHARLOTTE?— Daughters of Laura
and James Secord, died' unmarried.

CHARLES — was the only son and married Margaret
Robbins of Kingston, and had two sons and a daughter.

His son James married a Miss Flint and had no children.

Charles Forsyth, the second son, baptized July 27th, 1824,
by Rev. Win. Leeming, was married and has left four children.

Alicia, the daughter, married Isaac Cockburn and is
living in Winnipeg. There are no children.

HARRIET HOPKINS— Fourth daughter, Married Wil-
liam D. Smith of Guelph, and had two daughters and a son.
Laura Louisa died some time ago.

William, a son, marired in the States ; and Augusta, who
* Although the papers frequently falsely record the death
of a grandson of Laura Secord bearing the name, the .only
grandson, or rather great-grandsons of the name are the three
sons of Charles Forsyth — one is a missionary in Guatemala,
the other two are ir Omaha. — Editor

was a teacher, died on Easter Sunday, 1911.

Mrs. Smith and; her daughters lived with Laura Secord
until her death, and then moved to Guelph.

LAURA— Fifth daughter. Married Capt. John Poore of
Guelph on October 17, 1833 Rev. Robt Leeming performed the
ceremony, and they had one son, Jno. Poore, living in St. Boni-
face, Man. Capt. Poore raised a regiment during the Rebel-
lion of 1837 in Guelph, and took a prominent part in local af-
fairs. She afterwards married Dr. William Clark of Guelph,
and they had one daughter — Laura Clark — who is now living
in Toronto.

HANNAH CARTWRIGHT— Sixth daughter. Married
Howley Williams of Guelph, on August 22nd, 1833, at Queen-
ston. They had two daughters :

Emma, who married John Lamprey, and had four children.

Caroline, who married C. W. Young of Cornwall. She
secondly married Edward Carthew, and her eldest daughter
is Mrs. Brock, wife of Dr. Brock of Guelph.

Morden Carthew of Listowel, Dr. Charles- E. Carthew of
Qu'Appele, and William Carthew of Berlin, are the three sons.

I may quote two letters received from Miss Laura Louise
Smith, who had lived many years with her grandmother in
Chippawa.
Dear Mrs. Thompson :

I received your letter a few days since and thank you
most kindly for the description of the monument to the mem-
ory of our dear good grandmother. I have a small photograph
of her taken a short time before her death, but those taken
from it have not been satisfactory; probably it might be use-
ful to Miss Peel. None of her granddaughters resemble her
at all. There are few living now who knew my dear grand-
mother personally.

Mr. Kirby has spoken truthfully of her. My grandmother
was born on the 13th of September. I have confidence in this
statement from a circumstance that I remember well.

It is such a gratification to us to know that the monument
will be placed over the graves. I wish I could help you in
this good work. Hoping to meet you at somei future time,
wishing you all the compliments of the season.
Yours sincerely,

LAURA LOUISE SMITH.

In another letter, dated Jan. 7th, 1901, Miss Smith says:
"I received your letter, with enclosed circular, and think the
inscription that is to be put on the monument good. I have
no suggestion to offer.

I received the story of Laura Secord and others with the
author's compliments (Mrs. Currie). Mrs. Curzon gave her
book to my mother as a tribute to Laura Secord's memory."

Laura Secord Monument at Lundy's Lane

By Janet Carnochan.

To trace the evolution of the Laura Secord monument
through all the different steps during several years, beginning
with the care of the cemetery and battle-ground at Lundy's
Lane, the collection of money for the monument, may be
interesting to many, and that honour should be paid to those
who took part in this work is the object lof this article. To
Mr. W. Fenwick, principal of the Grammar school at Drum-
mondville, now Niagara Falls South, the first honour is due.
In a letter, June 6th, 1887, to the Toronto World and Mail
he called attention to the neglected state of the graveyard,
to the need of a national monument for those who fell at
Lundy's Lane in defence of their country, urging, too, that a
monument should be erected in memory of Laura Secord.
This drew out a longer letter from the late lamented Mrs.
Curzon, who had been interested in the heroine, and was then
writing the story of Laura, Secord in prose, also in a ballad
and a drama, and urging strongly that the women of Canada
should take the matter up. In the Dominion Illustrated, Mrs.
Curzon at a later date mentions that a petition signed by over
one thousand persons had been presented to the Ontario Legis-
lature by Mr. McCleary, the member for Welland, that a
grant be given for a monument to Laura Secord. A petition
had been presented before, but apparently there was no result
of either. The next step taken was by Canon Bull, President
of the Lundy's Lane Historical Society, 1892, in a circular to
the teachers of Public and High Schools1 in the Counties of
Lincoln and Welland, asking that contributions be given by
pupils and Canadian women. In the report of the Society for
1893 the Treasurer of the fund reported the results from
schools and others as about $100, and from different His-
torical Societies and Clubs about $58 more was obtained. The
matter was then taken up by the Ontario Historical Society,
and a circular sent out signed by Mrs. E. J. Thompson, the
Convener of the monument committee, she having promise!

Mrs. Curzon before her death that the work so dear to the
heart of Mrs. Curzon would be carried on. The work accom-
plished by Mrs. Thompson in the year 1899 (as shown in a
scrap book, the property of the Ontario Historical Society,
compiled by Mrs. Thompson) is enormous. Contributions of
ten cents were accepted. It was asked that the women of
Canada should each give that sum. In schools the children
were asked to give one cent each1- In the scrap book mentioned
are newspaper cuttings, private letters, historical articles re-
lating to the battle and the heroine, the advertisement for
tenders, the meetings of Council to decide on the plans sent
in, all the accounts of expenses,, the full list of subscriptions
from one cent to $10, $25 and $50, the description of each plan,
the reasons for the choice, the proceedings of the O. H. S.
Council, the description of the unveiling, all forming most in-
teresting reading. When we think of the work of collecting
nearly a thousand dollars, chiefly in small sums, of the letters
written to regiments, societies and private individuals, of the
visits paid, the travelling done, struggling with town and vil-
lage councils, the business meetings attended, we may have
some idea of the work accomplished by Mrs. Thompson.

The ;idea first was to raise $1000,, but when it was
thought that that sum was in hand, owing to a misunder-
standing, some wishing to place the monument at Queenston,
it was found that only $750 was available ; it was determined
to go on with the sum in hand. Advertisements for designs
were printed and nine competitors sent in plans. That of
Miss Mildred Peel, sister of the celebrated Paul Peel, and
now Lady Ross, wife of Sir George Ross, was selected. It
was felt to be peculiarly appropriate that the design for this
monument to a woman should be the work of a woman, while
the task of collecting money for it was also done principallv
by a woman. The design of Miss Peel, the sculptor, was a
bronze bust on a square granite pedestal, the whole to be eight
feet in height.

The next point was to decide on the inscription, and the
members of the committee were asked to send in a form
giving their idea of what the inscription should be. Dr. Coyno
was asked to draw up a form uniting what was considered to
be the best features of those sent in. As there have been some
criticisms of the inscription it may be mentioned that the
greatest care was taken. At a meeting of the committee criti -

cisms were asked for, and the form presented was gone pver
carefully line by line and word by word ; discussed, alterations
made, and the inscription now on the monument finally de-
cided on. Dr. Coyne stated that he had combined the ideas
and to a large extent the phraseology and had observed the
following principles :

1st — To state nothing which is reasonably open to dispute.

2nd — To give due credit to all who shared in the victory.

3rd — To state the facts simply and clearly without com-
ment.

4th — Further suggestions are invited and should be care-
fully considered.

The day fixed for the unveiling was 22nd June, 1901, and
Mrs. G. W. Ross was asked to perform this office. A large
concourse of 2000 people showed the interest taken in the
proceedings. In the programme there was first an address of
welcome by Rev. Canon Bufll, addresses by Dr. James H.
Coyne, Dr. Bryce, Hon. J. G. Currie, Hon. P. A. Porter, and
many others, among them the Mayor, Warden and Reeve of
the municipality. A sonnet was also read by Miss Carnochan,
composed that morning:

"Too late, too late the bards have struck the lyre
To her, within whose breast the patriot fire
Beat high that morn in June — a noble dame
Long leagues her devious way she wound through mire
And lonely woods to warn of dangers dire.
And gained, although unsought, enduring fame.
Who knows not Laura Secord's honored name.
To save her country was her heart's desire.

A woman, wife and mother, tender, true

We meet to place above her dust today

This wreath of laurel ever to abide

Through all this century's lingering year long due.

We consecrate with happy tears, nay, nay,

We consecrate, we consecrate with pride."

The different steps taken in procuring the monument were
given in order by Dr. Coyne thus : In 1887 Mr. M. Fenwick,
in his school, collected the first money for a monument, and
on 26th July wrote a letter to the Toronto papers. In the
same year Mrs. Curzon replied and soon appeared her poem.
In 1889 Col. Cruikshank gave a lecture on the Fight at the

Beech Woods, and describing the journey of Mrs. Secord. In
1891 Mrs. Curzon wrote the story of Laura Secord. In 1892
Canon Bull sent out a circular from the Lundy's Lane His-
torical Society to the schools of Lincoln and Welland asking
contributions. In 1897 Mrs. Munro of Thorold wrote her
recollections of the heroine's own story as told to her.

In 1898 the Ontario Historical Society took another step
forward.

In 1899 a committee appointed, of which Mrs. Thompson
was the convener.

In 1900 Mrs. Currie's story of Laura Secord was pub-
lished.

In 1900 the design was accepted.

In 1901 the monument was unveiled.

In the speech of Mr. Coyne he said: "Among those who
have written the story of Laura Secord there are on the plat-
form, or near it., Col. Cruikshank, Mrs. Currie, Rev. Dr. Bryce,
Mrs. Munro. Mrs. Curzon, alas ! is no longer among the living.
She would have rejoiced to be with us; but her daughter is
here to share in our satisfaction over the final result of Mrs.
Curzon's patriotic effort. As Mr. Fenwick, who initiated the
monument in 1887, collected the first, so Mrs. Thompson, who
is here, collected the last contribution to the fund. This
monument will commemorate not only the heroine of 1813,
but also the late Mrs. Curzon and not her alone, but Mr. Fen-
wick, Mrs. Thompson, and our venerable friend Canon Bull.
The artist, -Miss Mildred Peel, who, it is but just to say —
actuated by a feeling" of patriotism— has given the society
and the committee at least double the value of the compen-
sation she is to receive, is also with us."

In the money collected by Mrs. Thompson personally
there are 250 names ; of these ninety-three are ten cent offer-
ings, and fifty-four twenty-five cents; so this will show in
part what work was done. It had been decided not to apply
to the government, but that the monument should be the work
of the people. The lists show contributions from schools,
Historical Societies, Regiments, county and town councils,
clubs, and from places as distant as Winnipeg and Vancouver.

The inscription is :

"To perpetuate the name and fame of Laura Ingersoll
Secord, who, on the 23d of June, 1813, walked alone nearly
twenty miles by a circuitous, difficult and perilous route

through woods and swamps, over miry roads, to warn a
British outpost at De Cew's Falls of an intended attack, and
thereby enabled Lieutenant Fitzgibbon, on the 24th June, 1913,
with less than fifty men of Her Majesty's 49th Regiment,
about 15 nxilitiamen, and a similar force of Six Nations and
other Indians under Capt. William Johnson Kerr and Dom-
inique Ducharme, to surprise and attack the enemy at Beech-
wood or Beaver Dams and after a short engagement to cap-
ture Col. Boerstler of the U. S. army and his entire force of
542 men, with two field pieces. This monument, erected by
the Ontario Historical Society from contributions of schools,
societies, Her Majesty's 49th Regiment, other militia organ-
izations and private individuals, was unveiled 22nd of June,
1901."

Great disappointment was felt by the committee when
the inscription arrived when it was found that mistakes had
been made in the lettering. This caused much annoyance, as
the bust had to be taken down, the pedestal sent back to Lon-
don, the inscription removed and a corrected form engraved,
the pedestal returned and with the bust replaced.

When a difference of opinion arose as to where the
monument was to be placed, Queenston, Chippawa or Lundy's
Lane — as the circular sent out by the Ontario Historical So-
ciety expressly said over the grave of Laura Secord — no other
decision could be arrived at than to place it at Lundy's Lane.
The whole sum collected by the O. H. S. was $752; the sum
spent, $750. Several hundred dollars raised for a monument
are still in the hands of Mrs. Dunn and the United Empire
Loyalist Society.

The account given to Lossing and published in his. Pic-
torial History of the \Var may be given. He had called on
Mrs. Secord in 1860 at Chippawa, but did not iind her. She
wrote him, by request her recollection of the event :

"It was in Queenston I gained the secret plan to capture
FitzGibbon and his party. I was determined, if possible, to
save them. I had much difficulty in getting through the
American guards. They were ten miles out in the country.
When Ii came to a field belonging to a Mr. De Cew in the
neighborhood of the Beaver Dams I then had walked nineteen
miles. By that time daylight had left us. I yet had a swift
stream of water (Twelve Mile Creek) to cross over on an old
fallen tree, and to climb a high hill, which fatigued me very
much.

Before I arrived at the encampment of the Indians, as I
approached, they all arose with one of their war yells, which
indeed awed me. You may imagine what my feelings were!
to behold so many savages. With forced courage I went to
one of the chiefs, told him I had great news for his command-
er, and that- he must take me to him or they would all be lost.
He did not understand me, but said 'Woman ! What does
woman want here?' The scene by moonlight to some might
have been grand, but to a wreak woman certainly terrifying.
With difficulty I got one of the chiefs to go with me tol their
commander. With the intelligence I gave him he formed his
plans and saved his country."

Chippawa, U. C, Feb. 18th, 1861.

Mrs. Secord was at that time eighty-five years of age.

In the Niagara Mail of Aug. 8th, 1860, is a reference to
Mrs. Secord although not by name :

"A Canadian Heroine."

"A respectable aged lady of this county, one of the old
loyal stock, presented herself at the Clerk of the Peace offi:e
at Niagara last week to sign the address to H. R. H. the
Prince of Wales along with the old soldiers of 1812. The
clerk demurred to taking so novel a signature, although the
lady insisted on her right, having done her country more
signal service than half the soldiers and militiamen engaged
in the war. \Ve do not give the venerable lady's name, as she
might not like the notoriety, but she is the same person who,
etc.'' The article goes on to tell of her walk to Beaver Dams
to give warning, and closes thus : ''We say the brave, loyal old
lady ought not only to be allowed to sign the address, but
she deserves a special introduction to the Prince of Wales
as a worthy example of the fire of 1812, when both men and
women vied alike in their resolution to defend the country."

In a later paper it is mentioned that the Prince of Wales
visited Laura Secord at Chippawa, and in the Mail of March
2nd 1861, it is recorded that a present of 100 pounds had been
sent by the Prince to Mrs. Secord.

In the course of time, and as, told to different people, the
story of the walk has received many accretions, but the main
facts agree. Whether there is any truth in the story, of the
milk pail, of the niece accompanying her part of the way, the
meeting the local preacher who mounted her on his horse, we
do not venture to say, but certainly there can be none in the

statement that she started with bare feet, however bare and
bruised they might be when she reached shelter- I have talked
with Mrs. Munro of Thorold, to whom Mrs. Se-
cord told her story. That passing through mud
and mire she might easily lose her low shoes,
and that her feet were so swollen that her stockings
could only be removed with difficulty is reasonable enough,
but that the mother of a family well enough off to have such
sterling silver tablespoons as we possess with the initials of
J. L. S. (James and Laura Secord) is very unlikely. But the
fact remains that the brave deed was done and that the pur-
pose was accomplished, and today at Lundy's Lane and
Queenston may be seen the monuments attesting her worth —
"plain for all folk to see."

Queenston In Early Years

By Janet Carnochan.

(Read before the Woman's Institute, Queenston, and the
Niagara Historical Society.)

In trying to give some desultory notes on the early days
of Queen ;ton — for in no sense do I attempt a history of Queen-
ston— the first thought naturally, is the origin of the name,
and I find two statements made — one that it was named from
Queen Charlotte, wife of George III., the spelling in some
early records being Queen's Town, written as two words,
thus giving some authority for that statement ; the other that
it was named from the celebrated regiment of Col- Simcoe,
the Queen's Rangers. The early records all relate to the
eastern side of the river. Daillon in 1626, La Saile in 1679.
De Xonvillein 1687, all refer to the right bank of the river as
well as the portage road used by the Indians un,der the French
from Lewiston to Fort Schlosser ; the massacre at the Devil's
Hole in 1763, and we have little mention of the spot now occ.i-
pied by Qneenston till the time of Simcoe in 1792, except with
the name of Hon. Robert Hamilton, who. from documents
found in the archives in Ottawa, must have come to Queen-
ston in 1790, if nor before, as he tells in a letter to the govern-
ment in 1805 of erecting buildings fifteen years before at
Queenston.

My sources of information are various — from early books
of travel, John Ross Robertson's "Landmarks of Toronto" and
"History of Free Masonry/' and in the scrapbook of original
documents in the possession of the Niagara Historical Society
are several letters and documents referring to Queenston, the
first written in 1801, the Elopement letter, which I shall
read to you ; the second something very different, the funeral
expenses of Mrs. Hewitt in 1817 for liquor; the third the
agreemnt made in 1824 between \Vrn-. Lyon Mackenzie and

Hiram Leavenworth, who was to print the paper, the Colonial
Advocate, all the provisoes binding down each person seem
singular to us now; the fourth the indenture of the appren-
ticeship of John Blake to David Thorburn, merchant, for four
years in 1828. There is also a notice of the telegraph estab-
lished from Queenston in 1848 and of the horse cars to Chip-
pawa in 1841. One source of information, generally a very
interesting one, is entirely lacking to me — that is local tradi-
tion, stories told by the earliest settlers to their children or
grandchildren — such as I have striven to gather up relating
to Niagara.

Since the Hon. R. Hamilton is the first name we meet
with, it may be as well to give everything in which his history
touches that of Queenston. He was the son of the Rev. John
Hamilton of Dumfries, Scotland, and came out abo ut 1770.
In 1779 he was established as a trader on Carleton Island aL
the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where stores were brought
from Montreal in bateaux for re-shipment for th* west. In
1785 a Miss Powell, travelling from Montreal to Detroit, says:
"We passed several days at the home of a Mr. Hamilton, a
sensible, worthy man. Mra Hamilton is an amiable, sweet
little woman. I regretted very much she did not live at Detroit
instead of Niagara." This, of course, means Fort Niagara.
Robt. Hamilton first married Catherine Askin of Detroit,widow
of J. Robertson, and their eldest son was born at Fort Niag-
ara, 1787. In 1789 Robt. Hamilton erected storehouses and
wharves at Queenston, which was then called West Landing,
and a road being laid out to Chippawa the goods were now
sent by portage instead of From Lewiston to Ft. Schlosser- The
name given was West Landing or Lower Landing, but Robt.
Hamilton dates a letter of 1792 "The Landing now Queen-
ston."

In early books of travel Hamilton is represented as enter-
taining all the distinguished and royal visitors. As it was said
of Sir Walter Scott that he did the honors for all Scotland, so
it may be said that Robt. Hamilton did the honors for Upper
Canada. In 1792, July 30th, Mrs. Simcoe says in her diary :
"We visited the Falls, stopped and breakfasted at Mr. Hamil-
ton's, a merchant. He has a very good stone house, the back
rooms looking on the river' A gallery the length of the house
is a delightful covered walk, both below and above, in all
weather." In 1791 Capt. Patrick Campbell was entertained at

the home of Robt. Hamilton. The site was that occupied by

R. K. Noyse now. The Duke of Kent, in August, 1792, was

entertained here at luncheon, we learn from the diary of Mrs.
Simcoe. as well as from the manuscript memoirs of Col. John
Clark, who calls him "our greatest man next to Simcoe."

In a letter to Lord Dundas, Simcoe says : "The Queen's ~*
Rangers are hutted by great exertions at the Niagara Landing,
now Queenston. Mr. Street, an inhabitant of the place, chose
to dispute the right of land, but judgment was given in favor
of the crown." In the archives at Ottawa is an estimate of
the expense of building twenty-eight log houses for the
Queen's Rangers at the West Landing. Each house was to
be 24 x 10. Eight for the officers and three for a hospital, two
mess and cooking houses, one for a bake house. The materials ^
are all given— 2000 logs of different sizes, 26 ft., 20 ftf, 14 ft.
long, 9 in. in diameter; boards, nails, shingles, lime, bricks,
glass, putty, etc., the estimated cost being £938-1-10. Mrs.
Simcoe, in 1793, made several sketches of the Rangers' huts
at Queenston. One sketch shows eight, another 12 huts. There
are four different points of view, some giving two or three
larger buildings near, apparently storehouses. In a topo-
graphical description of U. C., issued in London in 1813, and
revised by Gov. Gore, it says there are huts enough to receive
a regiment. The Queen's Rangers were removed to York by "
Simcoe, where huts were built for them, as the situation at
Queenston was thought unhealthy. ^

Simcoe appointed Robt. Hamilton Lieutenant of the Coun-
ty of Lincoln, a very important position, as Lincoln was then
much larger than now. He was also a member of the Land'*'
Board, a member of the first Executive Council, and first
Judge of the District of Nassau ; afterwards a local Judge,
having Col. John Butler as colleague, and is said to have owned
100,000 acres. Two cities owe their names to the Hamilton
family — St- Catharines, named from the wife of the Hon. Rob-
ert Hamilton, who owned 500 acres there, and gave two acres
of land for the first church "for the whole inhabitants'" — in
1798. A document, dated January, 1810,, calls the building
erected at'that date the "St. Catharines Church." Two sons,
George and Peter Hunter, settled in what is now the city of
Hamilton, and, like their father, gave land, one for a court-
house, the other for a school. .»

The Duke de la Rochefoucauld Liancourt, who visited

Simcoe, writes that "in 1795 the buildings constructed throe
years ago consist of a tolerable inn, two or three good store-
houses, a blockhouse of stone covered with iron, and barracks
which snould be occupied by the regiment of Gen. Simcoe,
but which are now unoccupied, the regiment being quartered
in' another part of the country. Mr. Hamilton, an opulent
merchant, who is concerned in the whole inland trade of this
part of America, possesses in Queen's Town a very fine home,
built in the English style, a distillery and a tan yard. The
merchant bears an excellent character. He is a member of
the Legislature of Upper Canada, but is at present in Eng-
land." Dr. Canniff, in his history of Upper Canada, states
that it is said he died leaving an estate worth £200,900.
Bishop Strachan, in his sketch of Cartwright, with whom
Hamilton had been in partnership, describes the latter "as a
gentleman of such varied information, engaging manners and
princely hospitality so that his memory is gratefully remem-
bered by thousands whom his magnanimous liberality rescued
from famine." This must refer to what is called the Hungry
Year— 1/89.

In John Ross Robertson's History of Free Masonry are
some reterences to Queenston and lodge meetings held there,
and at the home of Joseph Brown on the River Road. In 1782
there is an application of Joseph Brown for admission to No.
2 Lodge, and in 1787 also applications of James Cooper and
Charles Field. There is evidence that there was a, lodge
at or near Queenston which became No. 2 in Niagara in 1792.
In 1798 the Grand Lodge and another Lodge in Niagara
walked to Wilson's Hotel, there to mieet their
brethren from Queenston and the mountain (Stam-
ford), and after business sat down at Hind's
Hotel to an elegant dinner; and we find also that the
Hon. Robert Hamilton was Provincial Deputy Grand Master
of No. 2 Lodge at Niagara in 1795^6 and 1798. The Upper
Canada Gazette tells of a "St. Andrew's dinner in 1799 at
which thirty Scottish gentlemen and twelve others sat down
at the residence of Hon. R. Hamilton. No dinner given ;n
Canada has been equal." In the Toronto Constellation, Nov.
23, 1799, appeared the following notice : "Married, at the seat
of the Hon. R. Hamilton, at Queenston, on Sunday last, Mr.
Thomas Dickson, merchant, to the amiable Mrs. Taylor,
daughter of Capt. Wilkinson, commanding Fort Erie

In a paper published in Niagara, then called Newark, in
1797, occurs a reference to Queenston, Jan. 25th : "As the
inoculation for smallpox is this day commenced at Queenston,
and the season of the year is favorable, the subscribers propose
inoculating at Newark and in the County of Lincoln on most
reasonable terms. The poor, gratis. Robt. Kerr, Jas. Muir-
^head."

Another matter of interest is that the Agricultural Society
of Niagara sometimes held its annual fair at Queenston, as in
.the public prints we find: "In 1799 the annual fair at Queen-
ston, 9th Nov. A park provided to shew the animals" ; and in
1801, "Annual fair at Queenston, 14th Nov. Races, amuse-
ments, park for show of cattle." Showing the importance of
Queenston in early days, in a letter printed in Philadelphia in
1795: "At the lower landing, Queenston, the vessels discharge
their cargoes and take on furs brought from 300 to 1500 miles
back. I have seen four vessels of 60 or 100 tons unloading at
once, and 60 waggons loaded in a day for the upper landing
at Chippawa Creek. This portage is a source of wealth to the
farmers who carry from 20 to 30 hundredweight at Is. 8d. N. Y.
currency, per hundredweight, and load back with furs- Their
goods the> transfer to batteaux at Fort Erie and then shipped
on vessels for Detroit and the west.'' In 1800 John Maude,
the. traveller, arrived at Queenston at Fairbank's Tavern.
"Fourteen teams were at the wharf; teams drawn by two yokes
of oxen ; peltries or bales waiting to be loaded ; also three
schooners A miserable dinner. Sent my introduc-
tion to Col. Hamilton, which procured me an invitation to
supper, when the goodness of my supper made up for the
badness of my dinner."

These tales of travellers who speak of the number of
teams conveying goods to and from Queenston, bring up
thoughts of Pontiac and the cruel deeds done in his capture
of so many forts from the British in 1763. In the times of the
French rule the furs coming from the west and the goods
going there were carried on the backs of Indians over the
carrying place, and this proved a source of revenue to them,
as sometimes 200 Indians were thus employed, but under the
British rrle waggons were employed, and the Indians saw this
source of income taken from them, which caused much discon-
tent and was one reason to induce them to join Pontiac against
the British, and thus we have the tragedy of the Devil's Hole

massacre, the carrying place being then on the opposite side
of the river, when horses, goods and men were hurled over
the bank by an Indian ambush, so that of nearly one hundred
only two survived to tell the tale.

In 1805, D'Arcy Boulton, another traveller, says 60
waggons loaded every day from Queenston to Chippawa.
John Hellish, in 1811, says Queenston has 300 people and six,
stores. G. A. Talbot gives the same population in 1824, and
says there were 60 houses.

A letter from Mrs. Jennoway in 1814 gives the explanation
of the earthworks on the heights, about which there has be?n
so much discussion, some asserting they were the work of
Indians, others of the French, and still others that they were
thrown up by the Americans. All these statements are here
shown to be wrong, and it is proved conclusively that the
work was done by the British in 1814 and the batteries de-
stroyed by them when the enemy, under General Brown, was
advancing, previous to the battle of Lundy's Lane. The letter
is dated "Hope Cottage, Fort George, 14th Sept. 1814," and
goes on to state that the writer was told to join her husband
on 6th June, who was at Queenston, having been ordered from
Fort George to erect fortifications there. "Mr. Jennoway was
left to command at Queenston and the fortifications he ha:l
consructed, but as our army had to retire after a hard battle,
with only 1500 British to oppose 5000, Mr. Jennoway had to
blow up the batteries and go to Fort George with his men and
guns. Previous to that I had to make my retreat at 9 o'clock
at night. My dear husband has now the entire command at
^ Forts Mississagua and George of the Engineer Department.
The former is a large new fort which he had the direction of
at the commencement." Lieut. Jennoway belonged to the
Royal Scots. This work at Queenston was called Fort Drum-
jmond. In the archives at Ottawa I found a letter from R.
Hamilton & Co , 1805, referring to buildings which it was
feared the government might destroy in case of war. lie
makes a very strong appeal against what he thinks injustice,
saying that as early as 1789, when the evacuation of Foit
Niagara was probable, he had obtained permission to erect
wharves and storehouses at the West Landing, Chippawa and
Fort Eric, has now carried on business for fifteen years, and
now the stone buildings are to be seized and may be destroyed.
They were erected at an expense of £4000, and this he pro-
tests against strongly.

In the publications of the Buffalo Historical Society we
find the name of Hon. R- Hamilton in an entirely different
connection, viz.. procuring fruit trees, as in a letter, March
7thj 1794: "I have sent money to a friend in New York ior
fruit trees from a nursery in Long Island for an Agricultural
Society established here." He urges that they be forwarded
by the first boat to come to this place. The Agricultural So-
ciety referred to was that of Niagara, "1792. We find him also
taking an interest in education, as partly through him Rev.
John Strachan, .afterwards Bishop Stradhan, came otft, as
Hamilton wrote to a brother in Scotland to send out an able
teacher. The celebrated Dr. Chalmers was approached, but
declined, and he suggested his friend Strachan, who decided
to come, and thus a long train of consequences from the ad-
vent of what may be called the "ecclesiastical statesman of
Canada." It is thus seen that the name of Robert Hamilton
occurs in many ways in the history of Canada, as the Lieuten-
ant of the county, as an extensive land owner, as a Judge, as
a successful trader, as a Free Mason high in rank, as one of
the first to plant fruit trees ; his sons as builders and owners
of steamboats, as is shown by a painting in the Historical
Building, given by Judge Hamilton of Kingston — the Queen-
ston, built at Queenston in 1824, sailing to Prescott from
Queenston.

Of another inhabitant of Queenston I found in a Niagara
paper of Feb., 1847, an interesting notice. David Thorburn,
M. P. P. "Presentation of a silver snuff box to D\ Thorburn,
Warden. Graceful speech of Mr. Hamilton, who presented
it.' . "For myself I can say that the conduct of the Warden
has furnished me with many wholesome lessons of self-
restraint, patience, good feeling, temper. In presenting this,
Mr. Warden, I perform a duty highly pleasing to myself." In
reply, the Warden said he would treasure it up as a family
record worthy of preservation, and concluded, amid cheers,
that he should recollect the saying, "A good name is better
than precious ointment/ The monument in Stamford Presby-
terian graveyard of one who occupied many important posi-
tions as a leading merchant, a member of Parliament, Warden
of the county for many years, has this very modest inscrip-
tion : "David Thorburn, born in Roxburgshire, Scotland, died
at Queenston, 1862, in his 73d year."

Another name flits across the page of the history of

Queenstcn, that of Robert Gonrlay, the "Banished Briton,"
who for his persistency in attacking wrongs, after being con-
fined in Niagara, jail for six months, was ordered to leave the
country in twentyfour hours on pain of death. To their honor
be it told, the Hamilton family gave him shelter on the night
of 20th Aug., 1819, and the next day he crossed the river.
Returning after many years, he was kindly treated by different
residents, as we see the names signed to petitions of David
Secord, Thorburn, McMicking and Woodruff, and a book
published by him has this inscription : "To David Thorburn,
M. P P., with Mr. potirlay's compliments."

Of the battle of Queenston Heights a few words will
suffice, as the story is so familiar and I am not acquainted
with military technicalities. But still there are many miscon-
ceptions about it, many thinking that Brock won the battle.
But there were really three engagements, when the Americaas
gained the heights in the early morning by the Fisherman's
path, and drove down the small force there, Brock bravely but
rashly, as we think with a few1, men, started to regain posses-
sion of the heights and was shot down. The second attempt
was made by Col. Macdonell, at ten in the morning, and he,
too, was mortally wounded ; and it was not till the afternoon,
when Gen. Sheaffe, with additional forces from Niagara and
Chippaw;t, made a detour of the mountain and attacked the
Americans on the other side that the battle was gained. In a
little pamphlet by the Rev. J. Cooke, which he used to sell at
the monument, some amusing incidents are told. The fine
residence of Mr. Hamilton was burned on the day of the bar-
tie, being of course a conspicuous object.

Different stories are told as to where Brock's body was
placed. A Buffalo paper lately had a picture of an old frame
building in ruins, a story evidently told to a reporter to mis-
lead, but the best authority is that the old stone building
not far from Laura Secord's house was the place. Others
speak of a building on the River Road, and it is quite likely
that it was taken there for greater safety later on' in the day.
The first monument was erected in 1824 at the expense of the
government, while the present one was by subscriptions of
individuals, regiments, Indians, etc. The first monument was
blown up with gunpowder, 17th April, 1840, which act caused
great excitement, and an indignation meeting was held 30th
July and thousands came, some from distant parts of Canada*

Ten steamers ascended the river, coming from Kingston,
Cobourg, Hamilton and Toronto, H. M. S. Traveller bringing
up the rear with the Governor and his suite on board and with
the crowds on the bank, shouts and cheers were heard from
ship to shore and shore to ship. A large pavilion had been
erected,a dinner provided, for which 1000 tickets at the; price
of 7s. 6cl. had been issued. Eleven resolutions were passed,
and as the mover and seconder of each spoke it may be
imagined that it was late in the day before the proceedings
closed. Of those in this vicinity who spoke were David Thor-
burn, Wm. Woodruff, Col. McDougal, W. H. Merritt. A
building committee was formed, and on Oct. 13th, 1853, the
foundation stone was laid and the third grand funeral wis
held, although in reality Brock was four times buried, as in
order to prepare the vault the body was for a year interred
in the Hamilton family burying ground. A rather singular
miscake in the inscription on the brass tablet at the door I
discovered last year. On the tablet within the monument it is
said that this monument is erected to replace one destroyed
17th April, 1840, and on the brass tablet at the door
it is s aid to replace the monument destroyed in 1838.
Is it not strange that this error has been allowed to
remain all these years in "enduring brass"? The
names of the committee in full, however, are all given, which
perhaps was thought more important.

An amusing story is told of the erection of the
first monument, that as usual copies of the news-
papers of the day, along with coins, were placed
under the foundation stone, and when Sir Peregrine
Maitland discovered that a copy of William Lyon Mac-
kenzie's paper, the Colonial Advocate, was among the number
he ordered it to be taken out, which seems to us at this date
a rather petty exercise of power. The printed post bill giving
the order of procession, printed by Wm. Lyon Mackenzie, is
in possession of our society, as well as a steel engraving of the
first monument, and also the order of procession in 1853. Seven
years after the latter date another ceremony took place, when
our late Sovereign, Edward VII., then Prince of Wales, laid
the foundation stone of the obelisk which marks the spot
where Brock fell. Letters of Sir Allan McNab to Col. McDou-
gal are in possession of our Society with rough sketches Lo
show the spot, and many think that a mistake was made. An

interesting story was told on Qtteenston Heights one day to a
group of Pilgrims by Hon. J. G. Currie. He remembered quite
distinctly when a boy hearing the report when the monument
was blown up, he living half way between Queenston and
Niagara. He was also present at the indignation meeting,
and tells a thrilling story, of seeing "a young British tar from
the Traveller start to climb hand over hand the lightning rod
that stretched from bottom to top of the wrecked monument-.
It was a perilous undertaking, for one did not know when the
shattered structuic might give way or how much weight the
rod would bear. The thousands who watched him reach the
topmost gallery and swing himself over the projecting coping
at the top held their breath in anxious suspense as the boy
pulled a ball of twine from his pocket, let it down, with which
he pulled up a heavier one with a Union Jack, and at last the
flag was attached and filled out grandly to the breeze. Then
a tremendous cheer rent the air. And before he reached the
ground a hat was passed round and he received a reward for
his bravery." A curious misstatement,has been passed from
one to another with regard to the paper published for one year
(1824) IP the old building, now in ruins, occupied by Wm1.
Lyon Mackenzie, that here the first paper published in Upper
Canada was printed, whereas the first paper was published in
Niagara thirty years before, the Upper Canada Gazette, April,
1793.

The telegraph form which we possess reads thus :
"Niagara and Queenston Line. Communications strictly con-
fidential," and a verse quoted : "He directeth it under fhe
whole heaven and his lightnings unto the ends of the earth,"
the words of Elihu in addressing his friend Job. The pay

sheet of the Erie and Ontario railroad is dated Queenston,
1841, and the word horse cars explains the mode of travel.
The letter from W. D. Powell, a lawyer in Queenston and a
member of the first Law Society in Upper Canada, formed
1797, is expressed in very polite terms. He was the son of
Chief Justice Powell, and he writes to Col. Nelles of Grimsby,
then called Forty Mile Creek. By reference to St. Mark's
register I find he was married to Sarah Stevenson, and from
St. George's cemetery and St- Mark's register I find that his
jvvife survived him, thirty years, as he only lived two years to
enjoy the happiness of which he speaks. His thanks are
extended to Col. Nelles and the sister of Mrs. Nelles for help-
ing him m his elopement from Grimsby to Niagara to be mar-

ried by Rev. R. Addison. The other document gives the
amount of liquor used at what presumably would be the wake
of Mrs. Hewitt, kept up for three days, or nights rather, the
prices of the liquors 12s. (three dollars) a quart in one case,
16s. (four dollars), seems to us high. The last item intro-
duces a rather gruesome element, as the liquors and digging
the grave are inextricably mixed — £3 — but how much for
liquors and how much for digging the grave is not specified.

Something should be said of the Suspension Bridge, as
showing the enterprise of the inhabitants of Queenston, as
we read that as early as August, 1836, the project of erecting
a chain suspension bridge at Queenston was set on foot, the
bridge to have the largest span of any in the world of the
same kind, but this was evidently not then carried out ; but in
the Niagara Chronicle of 1849, 1850 and 1851 appear adver-
tisements as to shareholders, opening of the bridge, etc. It has
sometimes been asserted that the Queenston bridge was built
before that at the Falls, but this is a misake, as the bridge zt
the latter place was opened in 1848 (the iron basket crossing
was in 1847), while that at Queenston was formally opened
in 1851. Page's County Atlas gives a wrong date, as also does
the Encyclopedia Britannica. In the Niagara Mail, March
26th, 1861, is a heading "Queenston Suspension Bridge. The
19th was a gala day in Queenston on account of the opening
of the new suspension bridge An excellent dinner was pro-
vided by Mr. Wynn, after which speeches were made by Sir
A. MacNab, G. McMicking, Judge Stowe, Hon. W. H. Mer-
ritt, Hon. F. Hincks, Geo. Boomer, etc. Previous to this the
bridge was thrown open to the public. One hundred Sons of
Temperance marched across, several carriages and vast num-
bers of pedestrians- The engineer was G. W. .Sirrell."

An interesting item is told later, that in 1865 a gale of
wind wrecked the bridge, the guys or stay cables having been
injured in an ice jam, and deserters from Fort Niagara actu-
ally crawled at night over the remains to the Canadian shore.
The advertisements to shareholders are signed by G- Mc-
Micken, Secretary and Treasurer, Q. S. B. Co. The cables
hung uselessly till 1899, when the bridge was taken down and
the present structure was built.

The people of Queenston have certainly witnessed more
remarkable sights than those of many other places — proces-
sions, grand funerals, the placing of four remarkable monu-

ments, assemblages of thousands of eager participants, and
last the centenary of the death of Brock in October, 1912, all
following in succession the stern struggle on the Heights,
13th October, 1812 ; the victory but the sad procession follow-
ing the dead General ; another procession of American prison-
ers the same day ; the procession up the Heights in 1824 ; the
indignation meeting in 1840; the laying the corner stone in
1853; the cenotaph placed in 1860; the monument to Laura
Secord in 1911, and the grand gathering on that beautiful
October day in 1912 when wreaths were brought by Historical
Societies, Regiments, Schools, Indians, Scottish Associations,
even the distant Island of Guernsey being represented, all to
do honor to the name of Sir Isaac Brock.

With all this nothing has been said of the well known
name of Laura Ingersoll Secord, as in the present publication
two articles refer to her. How little could she have dreamed
during her residence here that her name would be so famous,
that poems would be written in her honor, that two monu-
ments would be erected in her praise (one by the people, an-
other by the Government of Canada),, that articles used by
her would be treasured, that archives would be searched for
information for her biography, that school children all over
the world would be familiar with the name of Laura Ingersoll
Secord. The memory of a deed nobly performed is immortal.

THE ELOPEMENT LETTTR.

Queenston, 28th July, 1801.
Dear Sir —

I "should be unpardonable if I lost any time returning you
the hearty thanks which are so justly due from me to you for
your kind and friendly assistance in rendering me one of the
most happy of men. After leaving your home on Friday night
we had an uncommonly fatiguing ride to Runchey's and arriv-
ed at Niagara the following morning, where, by Mr. Addison's
assistance, we were soon out of the fear of pursuit. Mrs.
Powell joins with me in her profession of gratitude to your-
self and Mrs. Nelles, and requests that you will take the trou-
ble of assuring her sister, Ellen, of our love and obligations
to her for the part she took in forwarding our escape. Believe
me, dear sir, your obliged and obedient servant,

W- D. POWELL, JR.

Robt. Nelles, 40 Mile Creek.

MRS. HEWITT'S FUNERAL EXPENSES.

S. D.

1817 Oct. 26th 1 quart Madeira wine 12 0

1 quart spirits 8 0

1 quart brandy 12 0

1 qu art shrub 8 0

" 27th 1 quart TenerifYe wine 12 0

1 quart port wine, 26th 12 0

1 quart spirits 8 0

28th 1 quart Madeira wine 12 0

1 quart Shrub 8 0

1 quart Teneriffe wine 12 0

1 quart port wine 12 0

1 quart brandy 12 0

1 quart spirits • 8 0

1 pint gin 6 0

" " 1 quart Madeira wine 16 0

1 pint gin 6 0

1 quart gin 12 0

1 pint Madeira wine 8 0

" 29th Cash for liquors at Queenston and

digging the grave 3 0 0

The whole amounting to £ 12 4s.

Diary of a Prisoner in Red River Rebellion

The diary of Mr. Henry Woodington, while a prisoner in Fort
Garry, has been kindly placed in our hands by Mrs. Bottomley, one of
our members. Having- been carefully kept for over forty yearsi it is
now made public for the first time. The writing- was very good, but
being in lead pencil, and tightly tied up with other papers, had become
somewhat blurred and a few of the names were rather indistinct. It
was carefully copied, and almost verbatim, a few omissions where
repetition occurred. It will be noticed that the word rebels is not us 3d
but a blank, left, and also for the names of some of the associates of
Kiel, for the diary to be found on his person might have been danger-
ous. It io believed that Mr. Woodington was also to be executed<, but
his life was saved and he afterwards lived many years in Niagara.

EDITOR.

St. Cloud, 22nd Sept., 1869— Left for Red Fiver Settle-
ment this afternoon in company with the following gentlemen
from Oniario, Canada, viz.: Daniel Cameron, Thomas Baxter,
William Davis, James Develin, Hugh Watson and Matthi/v
Davis. Camped out at 6 p. m. On 23d struck out early ; all
more or less stiff and footsore. In evening turned our oxen
out to feed on the open prairie, but could not find them either
in morning or evening, but they were brought back by two
children on horseback riding bareback.

Diary 1869, Fort Garry.

Nov!- 30th — Rumors were out today that the Queen's Pro-
clamation for annexing the North West Territory to the
Dominion of Canada had been brought into the Settlement,
but not known by whom. The rumor reaching Louis T\iel,
the Secietary of the French Provisional Government that the
• - had established at Fort Garry, also holding the
position of Commander in Chief of the forces, he ordered a
guard of ten or fifteen nten to accompany him to the town of
Winnipeg, where he seized the Noi Western Office and
placed tie guard on it, for the purpose, as Riel said, to pre-
vent the Queen's Proclamation being printed. This caused

3% 4

Queenston with the first Monument. The Picture believed
to have been taken in 1832

FORT GARRY GATE

fj&rJittle excitement among the loyal inhabitants of- the town,

•jbut was much approved and applauded by the and

disaffected inhabitants and residents. (Weather clear a-id
frosty, but pleasant for outdoor exercise.)

Dec. 1st — Rumor of yesterday that the Queen's Proclam-
ation had arrived in the town of Winnipeg was incorrect;
still thert: was cause for such rumors being out, as it was cur-
rently circulated throughout the Settlement that the Queen's
Proclamation would be brought in and made public the 1st
of Dec. Those reports, though disbelieved by a number of
persons, contained more truth than was at first supposed, for
it was reported on good authority that Col. Dennis had ar-
rived with the Queen's Proclamation and passed through the

town about midnight without being detected by the

patrol, OTJ his way to the Stone Fort or Lower Fort Garry.

Considerable excitement was manifest in the cam"})

on the above report being known. The report was confirmed
between twelve and one o'clock P. M. by the appearance of
"Copy of the Queen's Proclamation" tacked upon the outside
door of Dr. Schultz's drug store, which, on Ueing generally
known, was hailed with great enthusiasm by all the loyal
male ii-^abitants and Canadians in the Settlement — but
especially so it was a source of much gratification to the
Canadians, for until now we could not legally take any active
measures to settle the difficulty with the French ; but now we
could confront our opponents with right on our side. The
publicity of the Queen's Proclamation was received with

much chagrin by the and sympathizers, who, from

their remarks, appeared to be much crestfallen and despondent
as to the success of their undertaking, which many had fool-
ishly been led or persuaded to embark in. Of all the native
inhabitants or old settlers there are but few who have come
out and showed themselves in favor of the Canadian gov-
ernmeiK, the majority of whom profess the greatest indif-
ference as to whether the Canadian or any other government
took possession of the Territory. This feeling of indifference
I believe has been caused by the rule of the Hudson Bay Gov-
ernment, who have kept the people of this country down
with the iron heel of oppression and who (that is the H B.C.)
did not permit the people to have a voice in any thing that
was for the public goody How much the people whom Lo.'l
Selkirk brought cut to this country to settle, along with those

who have since come up to the present date,, have suffered
from tV.e marked injustice and the tyrannical <rule of the
H.B.C. government in the country will never be known. The
most prominent among the native inhabitants who have prov-
ed the ni selves truly loyal to Canadian interests and govern-
ment and have done all in their power to have the sa:ne
established in this country are Mr. William Hallett, Mr. John
Hallett and Mr. George Clyne. These are the men who, if
spared and justice is done them, will be loved and honored
in the future of this country and Canada by all loyal Canad-
ians and Britons, while those who occupy prominent posi ;
tions in the so-called Provisional Government established by

the , also the sympathizers of the same, will be

looked upon with the utmost contempt. (The weather beau-
tiful today, with a bracing frost.)

Dec. 2nd, 1869 — Everything appears quiet in the

lines this morning- Dr. Lynch arrived from the Stone Fort
or Lower Fort Garry, empowered with authority from Col.
Dennis to enlist volunteers to support the Canadian Govern-
ment. All loyal Canadians and Canadian sympathizers
received orders this evening to meet at Col. Dennis' office at
eleven o'clock p. m. to proceed in sleighs to the Stone Fort
to enlist and remain there until Col. Dennis had all his plans
of operations matured.. At half past ten o'clock one of our
room mates, for there were eight Canadians boarding at this
hotel, wnit out to ascertain if the sleighs were at the office
ready to proceed to the Fort, twenty miles distant. On our
mate returning ne informed us that the hour had been
changed to 12 p. m. ; but another of our room mates going to
the office at half past eleven, whence he immediately returned
with the mortifying intelligence that all the Canadians had
left the town at the first named hour. Who to blame for this
stupid blunder we did not know, whether it was caused by the
man at C61. Dennis' office not knowing the correct hour we
were to start at or whether it was our roommate that misun-
derstood the man he spoke to, but this much we did know
that some person had blundered. In the present condition of
affairs we could do nothing mpre than patiently wait till
daylight and see if any explanation could be obtained of the
blunder. So we all decided to retire to rest, but had not
been lonr, in bed when someone who had not gone to sleep
heard a noise of men running past the building, and jumping

out of bed and going to the windows saw fifteen or twenty

coming cut of the building called the Ganet House,

and ran past the back of the hotel we were in. This move on
the pa? t of the - - we could not understand, as the

house they came out of was that of a Canadian who was con-
sidered loyal to the Canadian Government. Some thought
that Kiel had heard of the movement on the part of the Can-
adians and that he had his men out r.o seize and
make prisoners of all the Canadians he could find that night
in town. We all became determined that if they made a raid
on us we would make a desperate resistance before we would
yield an 1, if necessary, to sell our lives as dearly as possible.
After remaining up a short time to see if any attempt would
be made on us, and all appearing to be quiet outside, we again
returned to rest. (Note — I omitted to say that while writing
down the events of yesterday that Dr. Bowen set the type and
tried and tried to print some copies of the Queen's Proclam-
ation, but as soon as they were printed it is reported that Riel,
or the guard that he had placed in the office, seized and
destroye-1 them.

D-c. 3d — On again retiring* to bed after being disturbe 1
by the noise at one o'clock a. m-, we slept comfortably till
daylight. After breakfast we received instructions from Col.
Dennis' office to go to the Scotch Settlement, hire horses and
sleighs and thence proceed to the Stone Fort. Walked about
three miles from the town before we could get a sufficient
number of hprses and sleighs to take us, eight in number,
down. . On our way thither we met the Canadians who went
down last night returning to town after having enlisted as
volunteers under Col. Dennis, by whom they were ordered
to return to their different places of abode and there quietly
remain until further orders, or if they suffered any inconven-
ience or annoyance at the hands of the people in town or at
their boarding places, they were all to assemble in Dr.
Schultz's houses, which the doctor had that morning tendered
the use of the same to Col. Dennis. On arriving at the Fort
we enlisted in No. 1 Winnipeg Company of Volunteers, under
Col. Dennis' directions. After being enrolled we also were
ordered to return to the town and conduct ourselves by the
orders given the others, which we did early in the afternoon.
Before \ve left the Fort Dr. Bowen, editor of the N'or Wester,
arrived, having made his escape from the town through the

assistance of some of his friends, one of whom, Mr. Vicary,
(indistinct) brought him down to the Fort in a cutter. It
was on Dr. Bowen's arrival that we obtained correct informa-
tion with regard to the strange movement of the

last night- that G. G. and his were searching for

Dr. Bo wen and Dr. Schultz to capture them and make them
prisoners. Not finding either of them at their homes, they
searched all the houses in the town in which they suppose -I
they were concealed, but were disappointed in securing their
prey, for Dr. Schultz was fortunately at the Fort last night
while Dr. Bowen was somewhere about town and happened
to call at Col. Dennis' office on his way homeward and was
told by the person in charge that a number of men had been
there only a few moments before inquiring for him, with the
intention, they thought, of capturing and making him a pris-
oner. The reason of this movement on the part of X. was
caused by an angry discussion that the Dr. and X. had early
in the evening in Coi. Dennis' office with regard to printing
the Queen's proclamation. X. forbade the doctor to print it
He said that he would print it if asked by the government
officials to do so.

Dr- Bowen was at Col. Dennis' office all the evening of
the 3d instant. When — called the second time he Avas sitting

in k'tchen. On — leaving some of the men advised Dr.

Bowen to go upstairs and remain in private apartments in

case called again, which the Dr., did. Was not long there

when — came back a third time and walked straight through
the office into the kitchen, which he searched. ,Not finding
the doctor, they heard his men went upstairs into M. place.
But 'dunng the time — was searching in the kitchen the Dr.
had climbed over a partition which did not quite reach to the
ceiling between M. and Lansen's Photograph Saloon and
concealed himself by lying close to the partition he had
climbed over. He had just time to do so when V. made his
apeparance upstairs and after a thorough search of the room
left it,) as supposed, satisfied that the man they wanted was
not within their reach in that building. I presume the thought
that so little a man as the Dr- could climb so high a partiti3n
never entered the cranium of the immortal — , but so it was,
for while — was eagerly hunting, his prey was iying quietly
behind an inch board partition. The Dr. remained quiet in
his hiding place until early this forenoon, when he 'and C.
were driven down to the Stone Fort by .

On returning to town about six p. m. we found ail our
friends whom we met in the morning- had assembled in
the Dr.'s dwelling house and a new brick house of Dr.
Schu'ltz's for the purpose of defending the Government stores,
it being leported that the were receiving reinforce-
ments and were going to make a raid on them. We were
posted in different parts of the buildings, with a sentry on
the outside of each building, also a sentry on the inside of
the mam entrance of each. We were under arms all nLjht.

The were out in considerable numbers between the

Fort and the town. They formed in skirmishing line two or
three times during the night before the buildings. A party
of about fifteen presented their guns at the windows as if
going to fire, but did not do so, and after a short time moved
on. Two cases of small arms were brought up here last night,
to be distributed to the men that had none. ,

4th Dec — All quiet this morning. Not many -
out. Went to Settlement to report the doings of the night.
Having done so, returned and fpund quite a number of
—in and about the town. Returned to my boarding
house. Spent the afternoon in arranging private affairs. Paid
my board bill at six o'clock, after which I went with the rest
of the Canadian boarders to our barracks, as we called Dr.
Schultz's building, where we met Major Boulton, W!K> as soon
as the Canadians had assembled, commenced and organized
us into a company to be called No. 1 Company of Winnipeg
Volunteers. Officers were proposed and elected, after which
a guard was selected for the night and sentries posted. Noth-
ing of interest occurred till about one o'clock a. m., when one
of our scouts came in and reported that there was considerable

excitement and stir among the in the Fort. Me

could no* get near enough to the Fort to see what they were
doing, but from what he could see they appeared to be
either preparing for an anticipated attack to be made on them
or were preparing to evacuate the Fort. About five o'clock
p. m. lighted torches and lanterns suddenly appeared some
distance from the town on the plain and to move in a circle
from south to west and from east to north. This strange
movement we could not understand, unless it was that they
had received considerable reinforcements during the night
and had surrounded us and were going to make a simul-
taneous attack, the light being a sign for a general move. As

soon as ihe sentry outside saw the light he reported to the
officer oil guard, and it was told the officer in command, who
immediately took precautionary measures to guard against
a sudden attack;- What gave more strength to this suspicion
is that when the Indians make any great attack
they always do it a little while before daybreak. They (the
Indians) say that people sleep sounder or heavier at that time,
of night. After keeping a diligent watch till daylight nothing
unusual occurred nor could any information be had of the

mysterious lights. The • have not evacuated the

Fort, as it was supposed they were doing, but few are seen
outside this morning.

5th Dec. — Everything is, to all appearance, quiet outside,
and the people are wending their way to the different
churches, but we have received ciders to remain within bar-
racks under arms, in case an attack should be made on the
stores while at church. This is the first Sunday in my life
that I have been under military discipline, and it gives me a
strange ;hough not unpleasant feeling. The cause of the
strange part of my feejlings is not being accustomed to mili-
tary duties, and the true cause of the pleasure arises from a
sincere love and attachment to Queen and country and a
consciousness of being* engaged on the side of right and jus-
tice. Considerable stir among the . After vespers

this afternoon they appear to have received large reinforce-
ments during the day. There are a number out parading
between the Fort and town, also a large number staying out-
side the walls of the Fort. Judging from what I have seen
there must be between two and three hundred men stations!
in the tOv\rn and Fort. They are increasing in numbers and it
is reported on good authority that — is pressing every avail-
able French Halfbreed, man and boy, that is able to carry a
gun into the ranks, using very serious threats that if they did
not do so their houses and outbuildings would i>e burnt to
the ground. This threat has had the effect of frightening
many to join him that would not otherwise, have done so ;
but there are a few, to their credit, who would not join him
on any Condition or under any circumstances.. Received an-
other case of small arms from the Stone Fort this evening. It
was brought through the town with considerable risk of being

captured by the , but courage and decision overcomes

many dangers, and as Q- M. is endowed with a large portion

of each he succeeded in bringing them safely into barracks,
notwithstanding his having to pass through a strong guard
of - - stationed on a bridge about a quarter of a mile

northwest of the town ; also eluded the patrol of the same,
although he was pursued by one of them, who, though M.
drove his horse as fast as it could gallop the French halfbreed
kept even with him until he turned into the yard, when he
gave up the chase and returned to his comrades. It is said,
and on good authority, that many of these people run behind
their dog sleighs a distance from sixty to eighty miles a day
and keep it up for many days together. All ordered under
arms again, with strict instructions to keep a vigilant watch

so as to guard against a surprise. The were out in

much larger force than they have ever been yet. They were
also more daring and came closer up to the buildings, which
they did not do the first two nights, for they1 kept to the
opposite ede of the street, and most of them, whenever they
came near the buildings, used to run past. ,

Dec. 6th — Hemmed in on all sides by all communi-
cation was cut off from the outside. Money, water and pro-
visions played out. Ater twelve a. m. — placed a strong
guard around the buildings. All quiet during the night, with
no further evidence of an attack5- Boulton and Hallett left on
horseback. Left orders to retreat to K. D C. in afternoon,
but could not do so. Meade came in with the mails, but was
not permitted to 'leave. Hallett's little boy came down on
horseback, it is supposed with a dispatch from Major Boulton,
was captured and carried off to the Fort a prisoner, but was
set at liberty again in the afternoon. Particulars rot known.

7th Dec. — All quiet during the night. All the men en-
joyed a £rood rest. Every evidence of an attack being made
this morning. Dutch George came in to take the women and
children out. Gingers came in pretending to be a friend,, but
was known to be a spy and was not permitted to see any-
thing t'rat would be of advantage to the . Develin

also came in . He also was mistrusted, but had an interview
with Dr. Schultz and advised a retreat. This was 'looked upon

as a trap to get us to leave the house so that the •

would have a better chance of capturing us. A despatch was
brought in by Mrs. Black from Col/ Dennis ordering us to
surrender and make the best terms we could. Said he had
been oiu all night in the Scotch Settlement to get men to come

to our :elief, but out of six hundred men was surprised on

reaching the Fort to find none. and McArth'ir were sent

to Riel to get permission to retire with our arms,' being

the one selected to negotiate, the result being most disastrous

to us, having agreed to an unconditional surrender, with

the stipulation that our lives be spared, without asking Mo-
Arthurs opinion . We were marched between two files of

— with fixed bayonets to the Fort and confined in one

of the buildings, after which a salute was fired. We were fed
on pemican and water. Tonight Develin and Dutch George,
a suspected brought in, food. A large number re-
fused it ; others did take it. Spent the greater part of the
night sieging songs. Fifty-six confined in three rooms.
Twenty-iwo in one, ten by twenty feet; 23 in No. 2, 10 x 14
feet ; seven in one bed, two under the bed, one on1 a table 2x4,
two under it ; 1 1 in No. 3.

8th- Still in the Fort. A report is circulated that we are
to be inarched across the lines to Pembina. Deveflin and
Dutch George brought more pemican this morning.

9th — Still in the building- Pemican and tea today. Deve-
lin and Dutch George did not come with provisions today.
Supposed to be because some of the men refused to accept
them. Snow's men were captured today and put in with i's/
Archdeacon McLean paid us a visit and prayed with us. Were
all moved from the one room to another and searched to s?e
if we had any concealed arms about us. They got three re-
volvers. Provisions brought by Crossen.

10th —On the 10th Dennis issued a proclamation ordering
all parties to lay down their arms (Riel included). It was not

listened to by Kiel's party. The hoisted their flag,

gave three cheers, fired a salute with small arms and cannon.
St. Boniface brass band present, under the leadership of a
priest. Among the French I noticed Tait, Ballantyne, Deve-
lin.

llth — Thirty-eight of us were moved out of the building
in the Fort under a strong guard to the common jail outside
the Fort. The jail is a building twenty feet square, with a
centre rocm ten by twenty, with one window two feet square
with heavy iron gratings, with a single stove and two benches
each twelve feet long. Six cells, each 6x9, with a small win-
dow in each 6x18 inches. Broke all the glass -out of the cell
windows to get air, not knowing at the time that they w?re
movable.

12th — First Sunday in prison,- Mr. George Young visited
us this morning. Read a chapter in the Bible, prayed with
us, distributed a Bible, Testament andtracts. Twelve of us
met in one of ,the cells shortly after Mr. Young left and had
a prayer meeting.

13th— Mr. Young visited us again early this forenoon
and brought us some apples,' which was quite a treat and all
appreciated Mr. Young's kindness. A report came in today
to the eftect that Col. Dennis had left the Settlement and that
the Hoa. W. McDougal was preparing to return to Canada
in a few days. Kiel called and left some Canadian papers, all
of which were opened and examined.

14tn--All quiet. Plenty of provisions furnished by Mr.
Crowsen, and all well.

I5th — Received another visit from Mn Young. All well-

16tli — Received another visit from Archdeacon McLean.
C. Mair and George Fortney had an interview with Riel. Its
object was to find out the general feeling we had towards him.
The inmates of each cell were presented with a box of figs
by Mr. .

17th — The held a council but could do nothing

in our case until the Governor left Pembina.

18r.h — Mr. Young visited us again. O'Donogbue, one of

the principal , brought in some Canadian papers of

late dates, and all had been examined.

19th — Held a prayer meeting this morning. None of the
clergy visited us today.

20th— All quiet. Hear of nothing of interest.

21st —Mrs, W- Driever sent in some tarts and pies.

22d — Mr. Crossen brought in cakes and pies from Mrs.
Drieve/ and Mrs. Crossen. They were received with three
cheers.

23d— Received another present of cakes and pies from
Mrs. Driever- Raised a present of five shillings each, which
amounted to nine pounds and ten shillings and was presented
by -- Millar as a Christmas gift with an appropriate speech.
Crosseu was not allowed to come inside, but came to the
door and replied, and we gave him three cheers.

24th --Day before Christmas. Expected to be released
today, but was disappointed. Smith sent out for a fiddle and
had a'stog dance, Wm. Graham being the fiddler. The guards
came in and joined in the dance.

25th-— Christmas day. Very dull until towards evening
when Crossen brought in roast beef, plum pudding and cakes
from McArthur and Mrs. Driever- We enjoyed them as well
as we could under present circumstances. Had a dance this
evening.

26th — Sunday. Rev. Mr. Young Misitecl (us, read and
prayed. We had another prayer meeting in one ot the cells.
Reports come in of a peace delegation from Canada con-
sisting of G. F. Tibault, Col De Salaberry, D. C. Smith of
England to assist Gov. McTavish enforcing the laws of the
company and in case of his demise to assist him.

27th — Report of a grand meeting of the clergy of Ru-
pert's Land to be held at Fort Garry. Have not heard the
result, but that there were to be different degrees of punish-
ment inflicted on the prisoners- No hopes of getting out.

28th --Mrs. C. Mair is again allowed to visit her husband.
Report among the guards that an escape was meditated.
Further evidence that a spy was among us. Reduced to
pemicaii and water in the morning. About fifteen pounds of
flour, a little tea and plenty of pemican was sent in this after-
noon. Every person cooks his own meals.

29th — All quiet. Archdeacon McLean again visited us
and said that he had asked permission to read a chapter in the
Bible but was refused.

30th — Mr. W. Fletcher visited us, had prayer and was
permitted to say a few words. Appeared much affected.
Crossen stopped bringing provisions. Develin takes his
place of his own accord.

31st — Day before New Year's- Report that a great num-
ber of Scouts were coming to Fort Garry; object unknown.
Considerable alarm among the French. Spent New Year's
eve in finging songs, stag dancing and so forth. At twelve
o'clock AVC all joined in singing God Save the Queen, after
which v/e gave three rousing cheers. Six men were taken
out and examined, after which they were placed upstairs and
not allowed to have intercourse with us.
1870.

Jan. 1st— New Year's spent quietly, with some dancing
and singing. Mrs. Crossen sent in some cakes and mince
pies. Escaped last night from upstairs.

2d — Sunday. Mr. Young visited us. Read and prayed.
We held a prayer meeting in one of the cells- Mr. Johnston

brought us some bread, meat and potatoes, which were very
acceptable and appreciated.

3d — A heavy guard from White Horse Plains was placed
over us. Report that we are to be sent over the lines tomor-
row; not credited. The placing of the guard is unfavorable.

4th — This morning the examination of the prisoners
taken out of here was finished. Nine were liberated on the
following conditions: Some took the oath of allegiance,
others ?,n oath to leave the country and not return in arms
against them. The oath of allegiance was that they should
obey the laws of the Provisional Government as long as they
were in the country. Jeffrey.; Spicer, McLeod and Mercer
took the oath of allegiance. Brandon, Hall, Otterwell, Hol-
land, Latterman agreed to leave the country.

5th — All quiet. No more of us called out for examination.
The guards are extremely Ibnient today and have proved
themselves the best men we have had over us. Archdeacon
McLean visited us today. Wished to speak to us, but not
allowed to do so by one of the guards named Turner. One
of our number was told by one of the guards, that we were all
to be liberated unconditionally tomorrow; that yesterday it
was to have been, but Riel thought it was too cold to turn
us out. This is looked upon as a canard. Received news from
outside from rather reliable authorities that trrops have left
Canada for here and are coming by way of Lake Superior and
Fort William.

6th — The guard still gaining favor for their kindness to
usk Otterwell and Holland took the oath of allegiance this
morning. Received information this morning through Mr.
Me - — , from his cousin, Miss M. V., as to what is going on
outside and the feeling to us. All kinds of business is at a
standstill. The people in the Settlements (cowardly dastards
that they are) are so frightened that they will, not leave their
homes unless compelled through sheer necessity to do so1- A
proof that the above is correct is that those who own thresh-
ing machines and were threshing- before our surrender ir~»m
farm to I arm only a distance of a few rods from each other,
will not now move their machines to another place for fear
they will be taken prisoners. They "are our bitterest enemies
and condemn the Canadian Government now for taking pos-
session of this territory, although they at first agreed to :t,
for fear cf the Canadians here, about sixty all told, although

there are several thousands of them, they would not openly
express their opinions for fear of a mere handful of Canadians.
James Ross, a prominent Scotch halfbreed, has taken the
oath of i llegiance to Kiel's government. Major Boalton, it ?s
said, is still in the settlement, aud he and W. Hallet on the
5th Dec. Jeft barracks together on horseback to attend a meet-
ing in S*. James' parish, passing through the French skirmish-
ing line without any attempt being made to capture them.
It is als> said that he tried many times that evening to join
us, but found he could not do so ; hoping by staying out to be
able to do something for us, but these efforts were futile.
It is reported that a newspaper is to be issued tomorrow,
under the supervision of the Provis. Govt , and is to be called
the "New Nation." It will in ?11 probability be a one-sided
affair a;/d not likely to be very truthful in its statements.
Mr. Ashdown,} one of our number, was called out by Kiel and
asked if he would do a small piece of work. (He i.-5 a tinsmith.)
He studied a little while before consenting, but said the key
of his sl'Op was down in the Scotch Settlement. So Kiel sent
a man \vith him to get it. Mr. A.'s object was ID try to get
some Jr formation and get some letters and Canadian papers,
but as Rie'l was there did not succeed in getting papers, bat
hopes to do so tomorrow. However he obtained a Toronto
Weekly Telegraph of late date, but it l:ad nothing of interest on
our present situation. Commenced to write a letter to my
brother George and will risk posting it.

7th — Had not finished it when the guard called Mr. Ash-
down to go to town. I hastily folded and addressed it, giving
it to Ashdown to post for me. He returned about half past
three, bringing several Canadian letters and papers, among
them tvvo or three copies of the looked for local paper, the
New Nation, which is a neatly gotten up sheet, considering
who did it- Editorials, as expected, one-sided ; articles con-
taining gross falsehoods and misrepresentations, quoting
from Canadian papers but altering the articles to suit them-
selves. Those brought by Ashdown gave great pleasure. I
wasf one of the fortunate ones, as there was a letter from my
brother George in Toronto, both interesting and satisfactory.
It was written 30th November and mailed 2d December. Air.
Ashdown brought in a basket of cakes from Mrs. Young,
which was very acceptable and proves they have not forgot-
ten us in our misfortunes. The weather has been clear and

frosty, but not colder than I have experienced at this season
in Canada.

8th — Another report of the guards that we are to be lib-
erated tomorrow, but in this we place no confidence, as we
have been told so so often. Yesterday another present came
from Mr. McM., our liberated companion, viz., ,i large pack-
age of c^ndy,1 a set of dominoes, a package of cards, sugar-
coated almond nuts, etc. We hear that some of those who
enlisted under Col. Dennis say they did not enlist to fight the
French but to receive the six shillings a day which was prom-
ised th'^m. How does a man wh'o is true to his country
loathe and abhor such men as those who will stoop to such
contemptible conduct to gain a little lucre?"

,,9th — Sunday morning, being the fourth we have spent -n
prison, with no knowledge of how many more we may have
to spend here/ Mr. Young called about half past nine o'clock
a. m. Only a few of us were up to join Mr. Young in reading"
a chapter and prayer. Several met in one of the cells to hold
a prayer meeting, but I did not join on accoifnt of most of
those who did so not acting consistent either before or afUr
the meeting; many would engage in frivolous and even im-
moral conversation. Such a way of acting I thought to be
exqeedingly wrong for those who openly professed to be
leading a sincere Christian life. Another story of the guards
that we were to be free tomorrow and that they were all going
home, l>ut this we accepted for what it was worth. Every-
thing appears very dull to those who were not in the secret
of our intended escape tonight, if at all possible, for some of
us had been working for some time back trying to cut out
with our jackknives the oak casing of two of the cell windows,
situated the one in the back) and the other in the front of the
building', so as to enable us to get out the heavy iron grating
without making a noise to alarm the guards. The cutting
away of the window frames would not have taken the one-
twentieth of the time that it did had we been all true to each
other, but we were not, for we had a spy among us, won over
by Kiel by a large sum of money, it is surmised, to watch u^.
The consequence was we had to keep a strict watch on him,
for he was continually on the move from one cell to another
night aiul day AY e seldom, without being interrupted, got more
than two minutes at a time to work at it. Again, there wcr«
also some in the cell in which we wanted to work who were
opposed to our attempt. When I say ourj I mean that, there

were eight or ten out of the twenty-eight who knew any-
thing about what was going on, and it was some belonging
to those cells who opposed, when mentioned', our attempt
to try a.«d remove the iron grate or bars from* the window
so as to be able to make our escape when a favorable oppor-
tunity occurred. We met with so much opposition from the in-
mates of the cell that we had to suspend operations for about
two weeks, at the end of which time we again commenced
work, hri only when we got those opposed to our plan en
gaged with some person or other. With so many drawbacks
to contend against, it was utterly impossible to be expeditious.
Early lust week those in the cell who worked in unison and
had only the spy to watch succeeded in removing the iron bars
without being detected and were waiting until we succeeded
in removing ours when we would decide to make a break, but
up to Saturday night we were unable to get sufficient time
to cut it out, so we decided to leave it till Sunday, when we
could again work at it. Our plan was to have a window
taken out of the front and back of the building;} the object of
which was that if the sentry on one side of the building was
removed we could make our escape even if there was one sta-
tioned at the other, or if the captain of the guard should,
after twelve p- m , call in all the sentries, as he sometimes did
when it was very cold, we could then use both windows to
facilitate our escape. On Sunday night about eleven p. rn.
some of the inmates of the cell who had succeeded in remov-
ing the iron bars or grating from their window in the front,
secretly made known to three or four in another cell their
intention to regain their liberty. Their plan was this. They
were going to watch the sentry from the window on the front.
When the time arrived to change sentry, which was done
every hour in cold and every two hours on mild nights by
the sentry on duty leaving his post, go into the guard room,
wake up, if he should be asleep, the man whose duty it was
to relieve him, and send him out to take his place on sentry go
(a rather careless way of carrying out military discipline).
Our prison mates had not long taken staton at the window
when the}-, to their satisfaction, saw the sentry leave his beat
and go into the guard house, and before another came out to
take his place four of our mates succeeded in getting out of
the win low and through the palisade without being detected .
The last of the four had only passed through the gate of the
palisade when the sentry came out and took his place, there-

by preventing any more from escaping for the present. Three
or four of us remained in the Vcell waiting for the hour to
expire when the sentry would retire and send out another
man to take his place. But judge of our surprise when we
saw another sentry come out and join the one already on duty,
at the same time keeping a close watch on the window of the
cell we were in. We at once supposed that the first sentry
had heard some of us whispering in the cell and thinking
perhaps all was not right inside called another man to keep
•sentry with him. Seeing that it was too much of a risk 1:1
waiting any longer at that window, we concluded to try and
remove the back window at which we had before been work-
ing and make our escape through it. Knowing that we would
have to make considerable noise at our work, we thought it
advisable to inform our Yankee spy what we contemplated
doing, spying that if he wished he was at liberty to make his
escape with us, but before we told him what we intended to
do we first waited till the guard on the entrance door had
locked it for the night. After that was done we placed a
sentry at each of the cell windows to prevent his communi-
cating with the sentries outside ; three or four others kept a
watch on him in the passage, and if he attempted to alarm
the guard they intended to throw him down, gag, tie and
place him one of the cells and cover him over with a buffalo
robe. He seemed quite surprised at our doing so much with-
out his knowing about it. We then turned out attention 4.o
the back window'- On working on it a short time with our
jackknives we found it was going to take too long to remove
the bars, so we decided to try and remove the whole frame
by wrenching it out with an iron bar we had some time pre-
viously broken off one of the cell windows. Three at once
volunteered to try it, but before they began it was thought
to be a good idea to get up a big game of "pile on," so that
while the frame was being wrenched out we could shout,
squeal, yell, halloo and make a tremendous noise so as to
smother as much as possible the sound of wrenching the
frame out- In this we were successful, {for the Irame and
the iron bars were removed without alarming either the sen-
tries in the front of the building or the guard inside. The per-
son selected to "pile on" to was Joseph Coombs, a man over
six feet >n height. Poor fellow ! He will" remember that game
of "pile on" as long as he lives if he has the use of memory.
Parker was the first to get out of the window in the back of

the building, Scott second, Woodington third, McVicar fourth.
;Who came next to McVicar I don't know, for as each one got
out of the window we made for the palisade, ten feet high,
which for a distance of about ten yards from the building
surrounds the jail; which palisade we clambered over a5
hastily as possible. It was not so easy to get over as we in
the jail imagined it to be.

As soon as I was over 'the palisa.le, Scott and
I, according to a prior arrangement, started on a brisk
run for the residence of a Canadian of the name of A. Boyd,-
living ten miles up the Assineboine in the parish of Headingly,
who I k.iew from previous acts of kindness shewn' me would
certainly do all that lay in his power to befriend us in our
flight from bondage. On making for the road from the jail
we encountered some deep drifts of snow, running through
which fatigued us not a little, ;is the close confinement we
had been subjected to had weakened us very much for such
exercise, but notwithstanding our weakness I wonld like
very much to have seen the length of the strides Scott and
I made *> that deep snow, for I am sure they must have be^n
longer than the strides people usually make in moving
through deep snow. Before getting to the road Scott and I
noticed a person -i short distance from us going the same way,
and there not being sufficient light for us to distinguish
whether it was one of our escaped companions or a stranger,
we decided to overtake him and see who he really was,
for we both thought it was a French halfbreedl who had been
down seeing one of his friends among the guards and was
returning home. We determined that if he had been to see the
guards that we would knock him senseless and leave him on
the road to prevent his giving any alarm, but on coming up to
him we found him to be our companion Parker. We three
then proceeded togrther on our way to Headingly, for Parker
was also making for a friend's home. On our way we called
about two and a half miles from the Fort at William Hallett's
home,, the home of a truly loyal native, both to the Imperial
and Canadian governments, and who is still a prisoner, with
about twenty others, within the Fort, to see if the four who
escaped by the front window were there or had been there,
also to try to get, a horse and sleigh to take us to the port-
age. John Hallett, (William's son) informed us that two had
been there and got a horse each and started for the portage
on horseback. Knowing that there were no more horses there

available we continued on our way to Headingly. After leay-
ing Hallett's an idea struck us that if we could get into some
of the stables along the road we could get a horse each. Parker
was not particular about getting a horse, as he had made up
his mind to stop a few days with his friend at Headingly. By
the time we reached Sturgeon Creek, Scott and I were so
fatigued and footsore from walking and running that we came
to the conclusion to go no farther without trying to* get a
couple of horses, so we decided to make a raid on James M
stables, for I was aware he had a number of horses; and if
the doois were not locked we would have but little trouble
in selecting each a horse. No sooner was the suggestion
made than it was acted upon. Parker consented to keep
strict watch outside and open the gate while Scott and I went
to the stable the doors of which were not locked, but only
latched. After getting inside we were not long in choosing
our horses; but looking for bridles, there were none to be
found, as most of the people in this country keep their harness
in their dwelling houses. Here then was a difficulty not easy
to overcome. The horses have no halter on, but simply tied
round with a piece of rawhide and the other end fastened to
the stall. On talking it over for a minute or two what we
had best do, we concluded to try and drive them out with
the rawhide reins by making a noose and placing it on or
around their noses in such a way that if we could not guide
or control them as we would wish we could hold them so as
to prevent their running away with us. On leading the horses
out of the stable one of those within commenced neighing,
which was immediately answered by one of ours, which
alarmed us not a little, for we feared this would waken the
people in the house close by. When we got them to the road
I helped Scott to mount his horse, and when I was trying to
get on mine Scott's started off, but did not go very far when
it ran off the road in a deep ditch or snowdrift, stumbled and
pitche 1 him headforemost into the snow, and for a few sec-
onds there was only Scott's legs to be seen above the snow.
Just imagine the sight. Scott is over six feet in height, with a
short body and very long legs, sticking in the snow, with 'us
legs almost straight up in the air. It immediately brought to
my mind the comparison Kitson gave in jail. He said Scott
was like two straight poles stuck in a mud hill. What dre\v
forth this remark was that Scott had been teasing Kitson

nearly a'l morning for frying and eating so much pemican,
for, by the way, he was a great pemican eater.. Scott called
him little pemican, as he was a small man* But to return
to our flight. It was also amusing to see how quick Scott
regained his right side up, but in doing so the horse got away.
He tried to catch him but could not; so I let mine go, too,
for even if I could have driven her, which was very doubtful
with that gear, I did not wish to leave Scott behind, so after
enjoying a hearty laugh at his expense (oh, I would have
given something when I saw him get up to have been in a
place where I could have laughed as hearty and as long -as I
felt like doing.) As1 it was, I was checked by Scott for laugh-
ing for fear I would wake the people up. When Parker saw
us come out he started ahead^ thereby missing this scene.
We, again commenced our walk to Headingly, losing consid-
erable time in our attempt to get horses. After we had

walked about three and a half miles from James Me wo

in some way got oft" the road and were unable to find it;
waded in through the snow, sometimes encountering great
drifts, which exhausted us not a little. We still traveled on,
till we rame to some woods, which we entered by a cattle
track, but soon I saw it was not the same woods we had
been through two months before, between Sturgeon Creek
and my friend's home. We met nothing that I could recog-
nize, so I said to Scott that I did not know where we were
and perhaps unknowingly had passed our friend's home.
Scott, being much fatigued, suggested that we make a fire
and remain in the woods until daylight. This I objected to,
as it might prove fatal to our escape if the guard were fol-
lowing us, and if so the smoke from the fire would act as a
guide to them. If we had been in any other position than
fleeing as refugees we could have soon ascertained where we
were by inquiry at some of the houses close by,1 but in our
position we did not know who were friends or who were foes.

Here the Diary breaks off abruptly, but on another page
is found the following:

"Escaped from Fort Garry with eleven other prisoners
on the night of the 9th of January, 1870. Five of the above
prisoners were retaken the next day, one of whom was badly
frozen when captured. Arrived at Portage la Prairie on 15th

January,, 1870. (Seventy-five miles from Fort Garry).

"Retaken and made prisoner, along1 with forty-eight Brit-
ish Loyalists on the morning of the 17th February, 1870, by
Riel, O Donoghue, Lepine and their associates."

On separate pages, evidently written to complete
the st->ry of the imprisonment, the full list of names of
the prisoners, and where from, a list of the games played Li
the jail, a description of the flag of the Provisional Govern-
ment, jail scenes and a newspaper cutting, much frayed, has
been placed in the diary. This also closes abruptly, being
torn off. It reads as follows :

THE EXECUTION OF SCOTT.

'From the Winnipeg New Nation, March 4th.)
"The first military execution ever witnessed in Rupert's
Land, we believe^ took place in Fort Garry on the 4th in.st.
The person shot was Private T- Scott, who came here from
Canada last summer. His execution took place upon an order
of a court-martial held at Fort Garry on the 3d inst. Mr.
Scott, it will be in the recollection of many, was among the
Canadians captured in Dr. Schultz's store on the 7th Decem-
ber last. He lay in confinement at the fort with other pris-
oners some weeks and then, accompanied by several others,
made good his escape from the Fort on a fearfully cold night.
"Immediately before the close of the last Convention,
Mr. Scott, who had fled to the Portage, came down with the
others irom that locality to liberate the prisoners. Subse-
quently, as is well knownj the Portage movement assumed a
very serious aspect, and the capturing of the Fort and the
overturning of the Government was aimed at. But this was
abandoned and Mr. Scott was again captured with the Port-
age Brigade on the morning of the 7th ult. From this time
forth Air. Scott was very violent and abusive in his actions
and language, annoying and insulting the guards and even
abusing the President. He vowed that if ever he got out he

would shoot the President. stated that he was at the

head of the Portage party" (Here torn away.)

GAMES.

Chess, cards checkers and "pile on/-" This last is the fa>'-
orite and oft-occurring game. It begins with one catching

hold of another and throwing him down or against the wail,
yelling "pile on/' Then there is a general rush to the scene,
and pity the poor fellow that gets under. The most excit-
ing and amusing one occurred on the 1st inst. It began by
a discussion about the Irish and the Scotch, and an attempt
was made by one side to expel the other.

Description of the Provisional Government's Flag.

Jt is made of white Duffle, 2x3 feet in size. There are
three fleur de luce or flower of France across the sur-
face with a shamrock in the centre of the bottom edge..

JAIL SCENES.

Frying pemican. A number around the stove, with tin
plates, in which is a mixture of pemican and waten ea^h
striving for a place at the stove ; a number more waiting their
time, cursing their luck that they were too late; a number
more with large pocket knives gathered round a large lump
of pemican, each striving to prepare his mess ; a number more
making tea in pint tins. Another scene — Mounting the large
window .:n the centre room after the hour of ten o'clock in the
forenoon.

Names of Canadian and American prisoners confined m
the common jail of Assiniboia by Kiel and his associates on
the 10th December, 1869:

Duncan N. Campbell, Chatham-

William Spice, Fullerton.

G. D. McVicar, Chatham.

Joseph Coombs, London.

A. R. Chisholm, Alexandria (Glengarry).

George Fortney, Texas, U. S.

\Vm. Nemiuns, Flora.

W. Davis, Durham-

Mat Davis, Durham.

John Morney, Mosnock.

Peter McArthur, Toronto.

F. C. Mercer, Caledonia.

J. B. Harris, Stratford.

Geo. Nicholson, Ottawa.

Francis J. Manan, Guelph.

John Eccles.' St:- Thomas.

James Dawson, Toronto.
Jas. Develin, Durham.
Dr. Lynch, Montreal
Stewart Mulkins, Kingston.
Hugh Wrightman, Barrie.
Thomas Langman, Barrie.
A. Wright Paisley.
Jas. Stewart, Windsor.
Alex. Murray, Dickinson Landing-
Ja. Mulligan, Butts, Ireland.
John Hallett, Red River.
William Hallett, Red River.
Charles Stodger, England.
Donald Cameron, Ailsa Craig.
Dr. O'Donnell, Montreal.
Dr. Schultz, Amherstburg.
Thos. Lusted, Windsor.
Geo. Clyne, Boisbert, Red River-
Wm. Kitson, Howard.
W. J. Allen, Port Hope.
Thos. W. Scott, Toronto.
Chas. Palmer, London, Eng.

F. Hyman, London, Ont.
Geo' Miller, Shefford, Que.
John Ivy, Texas, U. S.
J. Wr. Archibald..' Truro.
J. Ferguson, Smith's Fa^ls.
\Ym. Graham, Allanburg.
Henry Woodington, Brampton.
Jos. H. Stocks Stratford.
Jas H. Ashdown, Durham.
James Robb, an American, escaped.
Allen \V. Graham, Alborough.
Robert Smith, Winchester, Eng.
C. Mair, Perth.
Geo. Bootiej New Brunswick.
Thos. Franklin, pensioner.

List of Snow's men of Point du Chien, captured by Riel
after their arrival in town after the surrender of the Can-
adian Volunteers :

George Parker, Lanark.
Geo. Brandon, Belgrave.

.54

Philip Otwell, Owen Sound. *

Jas. Jeffrey, Middleton.

Andrew Hall, Dunn (Haldimand).

John Lattmore Arran (Bruce).

Robt. Holland, Tudor (Hastings).

John McLeod, Stornoway, Scotland.

K, P. Meade, Windsor (Ed. Norwester).

Chas. Garrett, Orillia.

Arthur Hamilton, Ottawa.

— Heath, Ottawa-

After the escape there is a break in the narrative, a*
there is nothing to show what occurred between escape and
being retaken, but singularly enough, however, there has just
appeared in an educational paper, "The School," an article
on the Red River Rebellion by A W. Graham, whose nams
we filid in the list of prisoners. This hiatus is thus partiaHy
filled, and we find the names of several mentioned in the diary,
among them that of J. Ashdown, who, Mr. Graham says, was
his bedfellow and is now a millionaire in Winnipeg. He
states that on Jan. 24th Dr. Schultz cut his robe into strips
and let himself down from his window and thus escaped. Riel
was very angry, as Dr. Schultz vas his star prisoner. Ha1-
lett was handcuffed and several were to be shot. On Feb. 12Ji
all were offered their liberty on taking the oath of allegiance,
which soveral did,, but fourteen refused and were placed in a
room 8x12; fed with nothing but pemican and water. Mean-
while a force of fifty, chiefly those who had escaped, and 200
Indians, under Major Boulton and Dr- Schultz had come
from the- Portage to rescue the prisoners, but found that Riel
had released them on parole on 15th February, on which
the force disbanded, but most of them were again arrested.
Riel now had full control the stores, the weapons, the monev
of the Hudson Bay Company ; the Canadians either out on
parole or prisoners. Major Boulton was also sentenced to
death, but by the influence of D. A. Smith (afterwards Lord
Strathcona), Rev. E. Young, Arch. McLean, he was spared.
But no pleading availed for Scott. The writer (Mr. Graham)
says he was in his company four weeks in prison. He was
quiet , civil and gentlemanly ; tall, straight, athletic, a nne
specimen of young manhood, and about twenty-five years of
age.

There is no reference in the diary of how long they were

in prison the second time. The report they had in January
that a military force was fitting out in Ontario for their relief
was premature, as not till the end of May did the force start;,
consisting of 1200 men, mostly volunteers, part of the 60th Reg.
commanded by Col. Garnet Wolseley, picked men, none but
the soundest and strongest. Many delays occurred; boats
and waggons to be built, workmen hired, delays of all kinds,
so that not till three months after did they reach Fort Garry,
only to find Riel and his companions fled. This was one ot
the most remarkable military expeditions of which we have
any record remarkable for its personnel, for :he immense
difficulties encountered, for the way in which these were
met ; chiefly remarkable that it was accomplished without the
aid of Hqtror. Col. Wolseley, in hL farewell address, gave
the most unstinted praise to the force ; recounts some of the
difficulties of the last 400 miles, roads to make, no less thiin
49 portages, carrying their boats, stores, barrels of pork, flour,
through rain, mud. Out of 94 days there was rain 45 days.
All this work from daylight to dark, shared by officers and
men willingly. The good conduct and good feeling shewn
was remarkable. There had been no sickness or death. A
very good account of the expedition was published by Capr..
Huyshe on the staff and another by Major T5o.il ton

The welcome given them on their return was most heart/.
I can not refrain from quoting the inspiring lines written by
Isabella Valencey Crawford, who is facile princeps our best
Canadian poet, dying, alas! before she was so well
appreciated as now-- They appeared in the Toronto Telegram
at the return (Alas! they did not all return) of the force in
1885 from the North West Rebellion, when it was proposed
to give a grand dinner- on their arrival. She pleads that they
be allowed to first go to their homes and meet wives, children,
sisters, mothers. These lines I cut out and saved long before
the name of Isabella Valencey Crawford was much known.
They do not appear in her published poems and express no
doubt to us the fe;llings of pride in the return in 1870 as well
as in 1885.

56
THE ROSE OF A NATION'S THANKS.

A welcome? O yes, 'tis a kindly word, but why will they plan and prace
Of feasting- and speeches and such small things*, while the wives ani

mothers wait?

Plan as ye will, and do as ye willy but think of the hunger and thirst
In the hearts that wait, and do as ye will, but lend us our laddies firs:!
Why, what would ye have? There's not a lad1 who treads in the gal-
lant ranks

Who does not already bear on his breast the Rose of a Nation's Thanks.
A Welcome? Why what do you mean by that when the very stones

must sing

As our men march on to their home again — the walls of the city ring
With the thunder of throats and the tramp and tread of feet that

rush and run —
I think in my heart that the very trees must shout for the bold work

done!
Why what would ye have? There's not a lad who treads in the gallant

ranks

Who do<;s not already bear on his breast the Rose of a Nation"s Thanks.
A welcome? There's not a babe> at the breast won't spring at the roll

of the drumj
That heralds them home — the keen long cry in the air of ''They come:"

"They come!"

And what of it all ff ye bade, them wade knee deep in a wave of .wine —
And tossed tall torches and arched the town in garlands of maple and

pino!

All dust in the wind of a woman/s cry as she snatches from the ranks
Her boy who wears on his bold young breast the Rose of a Nation's

thanks!
A welcome? There's a doubt if the lads would stand Tike stone in the!r

steady line
While a nabe held high in a dear wife's hand1 or the stars that swim

and shine
In a sweetheart's eyes or a mother's smile flashed far in a weldod

crowd,

Or a father's proud voice, half sob and half cheer, cried on a son alou.1.
O, the billows of waiting hearts that swelled would sweep from the

martial ranks
Tfiie gabant boys who wear on their breast the Rose of a Nation's

Thanks.
A welcome? O joy can they stay your feet or measure the wine of

your bliss!

O joy — let them leave you alone today — a day with a pulse like this'
A welcome? Yes, 'tis a tender thought — a green laurel that laps tl.e

sword —
But joy l-as the wing of a wild white swan and the song of a free

wild bird.
She must beat the air with her wings at will — at will must her son?

be driven
From her heaving heart and tremulous throat through the awful arch

of Heaven.

And what would ye have? There's not a lad will burst from the shout-
ing ranks
But bears like a star on his faded coat the Rose of a Nation's thanks.

S2 4

BINDING SECT. MAY 2 1 1971

Niagara Historical Society
5545 Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont. '
N52N52 Records of Niagara
v. 17-2 5

PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY

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