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a39015 OlSl 3079 2b

►

Bboubst of

KECOKDS OF THE CAPE COLONY.

cV-f^

G,p^ W$.-»/- ^,

EECOEDS

OF THE

CAPE COLONY

From MAY 1818 to JANUARY 1820.

COPIED FOR THE CAPE GOVERNMENT, FROM THB

MANUSCRIPT DOCUMENTS IN THE PUBLIC

RECORD OFFICE, LONDON,

GEORGE M^'CALL THEAL, DXit., LL.D,,

OOLONIAL HUTOBIOGBAFHSB.

VOL. XII,

PRINTED FOB
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CAPE COLONY.

1902.

lohdoh:

PKOrrSD BT WnXIAM GLOWSB AKD 80HS, LnOTBD,
9UKB STBSBT, STAWORD BTUBBT, 8.B., AND GBSAT WIKDMILL 8TRBKT,

TflE applications to the Government to be sent out to South
Africa as Settlers were so numerous in 1819 and the beginning of
1820 that with the testimonials and correspondence attached to
them they would fill a volume. I have not considered it necessary
to give more than a few specimens, as far the greater number of
the applicants were rejected or drew back before sailing. The
lists of those sent out are not quite complete in London. Every
document of the slightest importance relating to the emigration,
with the exception mentioned, has been copied for publication.

a M. T.

CONTENTS.

DATS
1818

13 May.

»»

15 May.
19 May.

21 May.

22 May.
25 May.
22 May.'
25 May.

26 May.
20 June.
23 June.
26 June.'
9 July.
15 July.

22 July.
27 July.

July.

5 Aug.

10 Aug.

13 Aug.

14 Aug.

15 Aug.
19 Aug.

Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst .

>» M » • •

M n M • • •

Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the Collector and the
Comptroller of Customs

Letter from Mr. G. Beelaerts van Blokland to Henry
Groulbum, Esqre. .......

Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst . •

Memorial of Joz^ Martins Gromes . • . . «

Eeply to the above

Memorial of Joz^ Martins Gomes

Keply to the above

Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset .

w n n • •

M w » • •

>» » » • •

Proclamation by Lord Charles Somerset ....
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Sir Henry Torrens
Letter from Henry Goulbum, Esqre., to Lord Charles

Somerset ........

Letter from the Reverend J. H. Beck to Earl Bathurst

Letter from Lord Lynedoch to Earl Bathurst .

Letter from T. P. Courtenay, Esqre., to Henry Groulbum,

Esqre - .

Letter from Mr. John Mcllwraith to Earl Bathurst .
Letter from Henry Goulbum, Esqre., to Mr. John Mcllwraith
Letter from the Reverend J. H. Beck to Earl Bathurst
Letter from the Registrar of Slaves to the Colonial Secretary
Letter from the Earl of Caledon to Lord Bathurst
Letter from Henry Goulbum, Esqre., to Lieutenant Colonel

Bird

Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the Commissary of

Vendues ........

Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset •

PAQB

1
3

7
9
10
10
12
13
13
13
14
14
18

19
20
21

21
22
24
24
26
26

28
28
29

VIU

Contents,

DATE

1818
21 Aug.

26 Aug.

27 Aug.

29 Aug.

ISept

2 Sept.

3 Sept.

4 Sept.

28 Sept

29 Sept

lOct

2 Oct

10 Oct

17 Oct

26 Oct

INov.

3 Nov.

10 Nov.

12 Nov.

16 Nov.

17 Nov.

25 Nov.

27 Nov.

28 Nov.

Dec.

3 Dec.

4 Dec.

7 Dec.

9 Dec.

10 Dec.

11 Dec.

Letter from C. Arbuthnot, Esqre., to Henry Qoulbum, Esqre.

EnclosureB concerning slaves in the Pecquet Real
Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset .
Letter from the Navy Board to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.
Letter from the Landdrost of Graaff Beinet to the Colonial

Secretary

Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset

n
n

Letter from Major Sogers to Lieutenant Colonel Brereton
Letter from Henry Ctoulbum, Esqre., to Lord Charles

Somerset

Letter from Secretary Bird to Earl Bathurst

v»

Letter from E. Marshall, Esqre., to T. Courtenay, Esqre.
Letter from Lieutenant James Fichat to Earl Bathurst
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst .
Betum of Troops in the Garrison ....

Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset .

Letter from Major Bogers to Lieutenant Colonel Brereton

Memorial of the London Missionary Society

Letter from Major Bogers to Sir Henry Torrens.

Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the Beverend Mr. Thorn

Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset .

Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Sir Henry Torrens

Betum of Troops in the Garrison • . • .

Proclamation by Lord Charles Somerset .

Letter from the Fiscal to the Colonial Secretary

Letter from the Beverend Thomas Erskine to Earl Bathurst

Letter from Major Bogers to Officers of the Ordnance.

Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the Chief Justice

Enclosure : Establishment of the Sequestrator's Depart-
ment .......

Letter from the Colonial Secretary to J. Baird, Esqre.
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst .

Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the Beverend Mr. Taylor
Letter from the Colonial Secretary to Officers of Ordnance
Letter from the Officers of Customs to the Agent Victualler
Letter from Sir Jahleel Brenton to Lord Charles Somerset
Letter from Lord Charles Someitset to Sir Jahleel Brenton
Letter from Sir Jahleel Brenton to Lord Charles Somerset
Letter from Sir Jahleel Brenton to the Victualling Board
Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the Burgher Senate
Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset .

PAGE

29
30
33
33

34
36
37
37
37
38

45
46
46
48
49
51
51
52
55
57
58
60
60
61
62
64
76
77
78

80
80
87
88
88
89
90
91
92
93
93
94
95

Contents.

DATS

1818

11 Dec.

12 Dec.
14 Dec.

17 Deo.

18 Dec

19 Dec.

21 Dec.

22 Dec.

23 Dec

24 Dec
24 Dec

28 Dec.

99
99

30 Dec

1819

7 Jan.

8 Jan.
25 Jan.
29 Jan.

3 Feb.

4 Feb.

8 Feb.

9 Feb.

12 Feb.
16 Feb.

16 Feb.

17 Feb.

19 Fdx.
SlFdn.

25 Feb.

Letter from the Colonial Secretary to Lord Charles Somerset
Letter from Secretary Bird to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst

99
99

99
99
99

»
99
9>

Memorial of Mr. E. Bergh • . • .
Letter from E. Bergh, Esqre., to Lord Charles Somerset
Letter from Chief Justice Tniter to the Colonial Secretary
Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset .

99 99 99 •

Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the Commissary of

Vendues

Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst .

99 99 99 •

Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset .
Letter from Secretary Bird to the Keverend John Brownlee
Extract from the Opgaaf Roll for 1818 : Theopolis .
BeveDue and Expenditure Returns for 1818 •

Census Returns for 1818

Agricultural Returns for 1818

Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Sir Henry Torrens
Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset .
Return of Troops in the Garrison ....
Letter from Major Eraser to the Landdrost of Uitenhage
Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset •
Letter from Major Eraser to the Landdrost of Uitenhage
Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset .
Letter from the Landdrost of Uitenhage to the Colonial

Secretary ...••••
Lett^ from Major Rogers to Lieutenant Colonel Brereton
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Captain Robinson
Letter from Captain Robinson to Lord Charles Somerset
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Captain Robinson
Letter from Captain Robinson to Lord Charles Somerset
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Captain RobiniKm
Letter from Captain Robinson to Lord Charles Somerset
Letter from Sir Jahleel Brenton to Lord Charles Somerset
Letter from C. H. Somerset^ Esqre., to Lieatenant Colonel

WiRshire

Letter from Captain Rolnnson to Lord Charles Somerset
Letter from Major Rogers to Lieutenant Colonel Wilbbire

PAOB

101

102

104

105

107

109

110
111
113
116
117
118
124
125
128
128

180
131
131
132
134
134
136

137
138
139
140
140
141
143
144
145

147
149
150

X Contents.

DATE PAGE

1819

1 March. - Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset . . 157

2 March. Letter from Major Rogers to Lieutenant Colonel Willshire . 157

Enclosure : Plan of Operations against the Kaffirs . 158

15 March. Letter from the Landdrost of Uitenhage to the Colonial

Secretary 160

24 March. Letter from the Reverend Mr. Anderson to the Landdrost of

GraaffReinet 160

26 March. Letter from John Barrow, Esqre., to Henry Goulbum, Esqre. 162

Enclosure concerning Customs Regulations. . . 162

29 March. Letter from the Comptroller of Customs to the Colonial

Secretary . 164

30 March. Letter from R. Lushington, Esqre., to Henry Goulbum,

Esqre 166

31 March. Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the Comptroller of

Customs 166

12 ApriL Letter from the Reverend Mr. Anderson to the Landdrost of

GraaffReinet . • 167

Enclosure : Articles needed for trade north of the Orange 168

14 ApriL Letter from Mrs. A. Schmitt to the Landdrost of Uitenhage 168
17 April. Letter from the Landdrost of Uitenhage to the Colonial

Secretary 169

20 April. Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset . . 170

„ Letter from Henry Goulbum, Esqre., to Lord Charles

Somerset 172

21 ApriL Letter from the Comptroller of Customs to the Colonial

Secretary 173

„ Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the Comptroller of

Customs 174

24 April. Letter from the Landdrost of Uitenhage to the Colonial

Secretary 175

25 ApriL Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst . . 176

2 May. Letter from Major Eraser to the Landdrost of Uitenhage • 177
6 May. Letter from T. P. Courtenay, Esqre., to Henry Goulbum,

Esqre 178

Enclosures oonceming auditing Accounts . . • 179
8 May. Letter from Sir David Baird to Viscount Castlereagh . • 183
10 May. Letter from the Landdrost of Uitenhage to the Colonial

Secretary 184

12 May. Letter from Messrs. Vernon, Harberd, and Stracey to Earl

Bathurst 184

13 May. Letter from R. H. Crewe, Esqre., to Henry Goulbum, Esqre. 186

16 May. Memorial of Andrew Stockenstrom, Esqre. . . . 188

17 May. Letter from the Comptroller of Customs to the Colonial

Secretary 189

Contents,

DATB
1819

17 May.

20 May.
22 May.

24 May.

25 May.

31 May.

1 June.

2 June.

8 June.

10 June.
15 Jun&

16 June.
18 June.
22 June.

25 June.
28 June.

30 June.

9 July.

12 July.

14 July.

16 July.

17 July

Letter from MessrB. Vernon, Harberd, and Stracey to Earl

Bathurst

Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset .
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst .
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Sir Henry Torrens

Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Captain Wauchope, R.N
Letter from Captain Wauohope to Lord Charles Somerset
Letter from Sir Henry Torrens to Henry Qoulbum, Esqre.

Enclosure : Petition of 800 Inhabitants of Boss-shire to
be allowed to emigrate to the Cape of Good

Hope

Betum of Troops at the Cape of Good Hope
Letter from Mr. George Banks to Earl Bathurst.

Reply to the above

Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Sir Jahleel Brenton
Observations on the Colonisation of the Cape of Good Hope
Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset .
Letter from Sir Jahleel Brenton to Lord Charles Somerset
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst .
Letter from Mr. William Savage to Earl Bathurst
Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset .
Letter from Henry Goulbum, Esqre., to Lord Charles

. Somerset

Circular Letter issued by the Colonial Office
Estimate of cost of articles required by Settlers.
Printed Letter in reply to applicants desirous to emigrate
Printed letter in reply to applicants for information .
Printed letter in reply to applicants desirous of emigrating

singly

Printed letter used by the Colonial Office .

Letter from Mr. John Campbell to Earl Bathurst

Extract from the Times on emigration

Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst .

Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Henry Goulbum,

jjjsqre. ••••••..

Return of Troops at the Cape of Good Hope

Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst .

9f 99

Proclamation by Lord Charles Somerset ,

Debate in the House of Commons .

Extract from the Times ....

Letter from Miles Bowker, Esqre., to Henry Goulbum, Esqre

Letter from Lieutenant John Crause to Earl Bathurst

Extract from the Tmef

FAQB

191
192
193
202
205
206
207
208

208
210
210
211
212
212
219
219
220
223
224

225
225
228
229
230

231

232
232
234
235

237
238
238
240
242
249
250
252
253
254
255

Contents.

DATS

1819
17 July.

19 July.

20 July.

21 July.

Letter from J. T. B. Beaumont, Eaqre., to Earl Bathunst
Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset •

9»

22 July.

23 July.

24 July.

25 July.

26 July.

27 July.

28 July.

29 July.

31 July.
1 Aug.

6 Aug.

10 Aug.

11 Aug.

12 Aug.

13 Aug.

18 Aug.

19 Aug.

21 Aug.
24 Aug.
26 Aug.

29 Aug.

2 Sept
4 Sept.
7 Sept

Letter from Mr. Oeorge Southey to Earl Bathurst
Letter from Mr. John Cawood to Earl Bathurst.
Letter from Thomas Lack, Esqre., to Henry Groulbum, Esqre.
Letter from Mr. B. H. Banks to Henry Gk)ulbum, Esqre.
Letter from Miles Bowker, Esqre., to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.
Letter from Mr. John Stanley to Earl Bathurst
Letter from Mr. Alexander Biggar to Earl Bathurst .
Letter from Mr. Benjamin Osier to the Mayor of Falmouth
Letter from Henry Gt)ulbum, Esqre., to Lord Charles

Somerset

Letter from Lieutenant Orause to Earl Bathurst

Letter from Mr. Bailie to Mr. Huskisson •

Letter from Mr. Walter Synnot to Earl Bathurst

Letter from Mr. Daniel Hockley to Henry Goulbum, Esqre

Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst •

Letter from Mr. John Centlivres Chase to Earl Bathurst

Letter from Mr. T. P. Adams to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.

Letter from Mr. Edward Damant to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.

Letter from Captain George Pigot to Earl Bathurst

Betum of Troops on the Frontier .

Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset

Extract from the TV'Tiies

Letter from Messrs. Bailie and others to Henry Gt)ulbum

Esqre.

Letter from Mr. John Bailie to Earl Bathurst .
Letter from Mr. Joseph Dell and others to Earl Bathurst
Letter from Mr. Charles Caldecott to Earl Bathurst .
Letter from T. P. Courtenay, Esqre., to Henry Gt)ulbum,

Esqre.

Letter from Messrs. Dyason and Hudson to Earl Bathurst
Letter from Lieutenant Y. Griffith to the Reverend G. A

Evers

Letter from Mr. Benjamin Osier to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst
Letter from Mr. Ralph Goddard to Earl Bathurst
Letter from Henry Croulbum, Esqre., to Lord Charles

Somerset

Letter from Mr. W. Currie to Earl Bathurst
Letter from Mrs. H. Gosling to the Institution " The

of the Destitute"

Letter from Mr. William Burgess to Earl Bathurst
Letter from Mr. Samuel Bennett to Earl Bathurst
Letter from Sir Henry Torrens to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.

PAGE

256
257
259
262
263
264
264
266
268
269
269

270
270
271
271
272
272
273
273
276
277
278
278
279

283
284
285
286

287
289

290
290
291
292

293
293

294
304
305
308

Contents. xiii

DATE PAGE

1819

7 Sept. Letter from Mr. Colin Campbell to Henry Gbulburn, Esqre. 309

10 8ept. Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset . . 310

13 Sept. Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to T. P. Courtenay, Esqre. 310
„ Letter from Henry Gt)ulbum, Esqre., to William Parker,

Esqre. 311

16 Sept Letter from Captain Bagot to Earl Bathurst . . . 313

17 Sept. Letter from Henry Groulbum, Esqre., to William Parker,

Esqre 314

18 Sept Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Henry GK>ulbum,

Esqre 315

„ Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Captain Hmin, B.N. . 316

22 Sept Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset . . 316

„ Letter from Mr. Thomas Pringle to Henry Gbulbum, Esqre. 317

24 Sept Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset . . 319
„ Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst . . 319

25 Sept Letter from the Reverend C. I. Latrobe to William Parker,

Esqre. 322

„ Letter from Mr. Samuel Bradshaw to Earl Bathurst . . 323

26 Sept Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Henry GK>ulbum,

Esqre 324

27 Sept Letter from Mr. Alexander Biggar to Henry Goulbum,

Esqre 325

„ Letter from James Grosling, Esqre., to Henry Gbulbum,

Esqre 325

28 Sept Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset . . 327

29 Sept Letter from Mr. J. Carlisle to Earl Bathurst . . . 328

30 Sept Letter from Mr. G. H. Gibbons to Earl Bathurst . . 329

Letter to applicants to emigrate after the requisite number

was selected 330

>» n n 330

n >f n 331

» » » 331
Letter from the Colonial Office to the Heads of Parties of

Settlers 332

Letter to Lord Charles Somerset 333

»f if . . • .. . 333

Letter to persons emigrating to the Cape at their own expense 334

Letter to the Commissioners of the Navy .... 334

1 Oct Return of Troops on the Frontier . . . . . 335

5 Oct Letter from Mr. Thomas Pringle to Henry Gt)ulbum, Esqre. 335

6 Oct Letter from Henry GK>ulbum, Esqre., to William Parker,

Esqre. 336

15 Oct Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst . . 337

Enclosure : Establishment of the Colonial Corps • • 341

„ Intelligence from the Camp on the Gwanga . . . 342

16 Oct Letter from Mr. John Bailie to Henry Goulbum, Esqre. . 345

XIV

Contents.

DATE
1819

17 Oct.

19 Oct

21 Oct.
23 Oct.
28 Oct.

30 Oct.

31 Oct.

3 Nov.

4 Nov.

5 Nov.

6 Nov.

11 Nov.

12 Nov.

13 Nov.
15 Nov.

18 Nov.

20 Nov.

22 Nov.

23 Nov.
25 Nov.

27 Nov.

IDec.

6 Dec.
8 Dec.

Letter from Lord GharleB Somerset to Lieutenant Colonel

WiUshire

Letter from Henry Ellis, Esqre., to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.
Letter from Mr. John Bailie to Earl Bathurst .
Letter from Mr. James G. Jackson to Earl Bathurst .
Letter from Henry Groulbum, Esqre., to Lord Charles Somerset

Scheme of Embarkation of Emigrants • • . .
Letter from Mr. Edward Damant to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.
Letter from Lieutenant W. Gilfillan to Henry Goulbum,

Esqre

Letter from Mr. Peter Campbell to Earl Bathurst
Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset

Enclosure : List of Heads of Parties of Settlers
Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst

9 Dec.

Letter from Mr. Hezekiah Sephton to Earl Bathurst
Letter from the Duke of Newcastle to Earl Bathurst
Letter from the Reverend William Boardman to Earl Bathurst
Letter from Henry Gk)ulbum, Esqre., to Lord Charles Somerset
Letter from Mr. Hezekiah Sephton to Earl Bathurst •

Enclosure relating to the Eeverend William Shaw
Letter from the Reverend William Boardman to Earl Bathurst
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst .
Letter from the Landdrost of Uitenhage to Land Surveyor

Ejiobel

Letter from the Reverend Francis Mcdeland to Earl Bathurst
Letter from the Landdrost of Uitenhage to the Colonial

Secretary

Letter from Mr. Thomas Pringle to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.
Letter from Chief Justice Truter to Lord Charles Somerset
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst .
Return of Troops on the Frontier ....
List of Settlers under direction of Mr. Thomas Owen .

Lieutenant Charles Crause
Mr. John Mandy .
Mr. Thomas Rowles
„ „ Mr. George Scott .

Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset .
Letter from Henry Goulbum, Esqre., to Lord Charles Somerset
Letter from the Landdrost of Tulbagh to the Colonial Secretary
List of Settlers under direction of Mr. John Bailie

ft n Mr. John Carlisle .

Letter from Lieutenant Colonel Graham to Lord Charles

Somerset

PAGE

345
348

351
356
357
358
358
359

359

360

363

364

366

367

369

370

371

372

872

373

373
374

375
376
378
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
387
388
390
395

396

Contents.

DATE

1819
10 Dec.
13 Dec.

UDec.

16 Dec.

17 Dec.

20 Dec.
24 Dec.
26 Dec.
29 Dec.

1820
1 Jan.

»»

4 Jan.

99
99
99

5 Jan.

6 Jan.

99
99

PAGE

Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerget . . 396
Letter from T. P. Oourtenay, Esqre., to Henry Goulbum,

Esqre. 397

Letter from the Deputy Colonial Secretary to the Landdrost

of Uitenhage ........ 398

Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset . . 398
Extract from the Proceedings of the Society for propagating

the Gospel in Foreign Parts ..... 399
Letter from the Reverend Thomas Erskine to Henry Goul-
bum, Esqre 400

Letter from the Deputy Colonial Secretary to the Landdrost

of Tulbagh 402

Letter from the Landdrost of Uitenhage to Land Surveyor

Knobel 403

Letter from George Harrison, Esqre., to Henry Goulbum,

Esqre 403

Betum of Civil Officers whose salaries exceed £150 per

annum 404

Revenue and Expenditure Returns for 1819 . . . 410
Census Returns for 1819 ...... 414

Agricultural Returns for 1819 ...,«,« 414

Retum of Troops on the Frontier ....
Letter from the Navy l^oard to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.
Letter from Mr. John Stanley to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.
Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset .
Letter from Mr. Thomas Beale to Henry Gt)ulbum, Esqre.
Letter from Mr. John Stanley to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.
Letter from Mr. Henry Ulyate to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.
Letter from Captain Walter Synnot to Henry Goulbum, Esqre
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst .
Letter from the Navy Board to Henry Gk)ulbum, Esqre.

99 99

List of Settlers under Mr. William Clark

Mr. Thomas Mahoney

Mr. William Smith .

Mr. Charles Dalgaims

Captain George Pigot

Mr. Edward Damant

Mr. John Henry Dixon

Mr. Nathaniel Morgan

Mr. William Howard

Mr. Charles Gximey

Mr. William Menezes

Mr. Alexander Biggar

416

417

419

420

421

422

423

424

426

427

428

429

430

432

433

434

435

436

437

XVI

Contents,

DATE

1820

8 Jan.
llJan.

List of Settlers under Mr. John Parkin

Mr. Edward Ford .

Captain Duncan Campbell

Mr. Charles Hyman.

Mr. Miles Bowker .

Mr. Benjamin Osier.
Letter from Mr. Thomas Fringle to Henry Gbulbum, Esqre,
Letter from the Navy Board to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.

12 Jan. Letter from Mr. Thomas Willson to Captain Toung
List of Settlers under Mr. Greorge Smith .
M Mr. James Bichardson

12 Jan.

13 Jan.

17 Jan.

18 Jan.

Lieutenant Valentine Griffith

Mr. Joseph Neave .

Lieutenant T. White

Mr. John Stanley .

Mr. Charles Mouncey

Mr. Jonathan Wainwright

Mr. Samuel Liversage

Messrs. Hayhurst and Whitley

Mr. Thomas Willson

Mr. Thomas Fhilipps

Mr. James Henry Greathead

Mr. George Southey

Mr. William Holder

Mr. Samuel Bradshaw

Mr. John Ingram .

Mr. Hezekiah Sephton

Mr. William Parker

Mr. Thomas Calton .

Captain Thomas Butler

Mr. George Dyason .

Mr. James Thomas Erith .

Mr. Thomas Pringle

Mr. William Cock .

Mr. Daniel Mills

Mr. Edward Ghurdner

Mr. Edward Turvey

Captain Walter Synnot

Mr. Samuel James .
Progress in embarking Settlers for the Cape of GKxxl Hope
Letter from Sir Bufane Shawe Donkin to Earl Bathurst
Letter from the Navy Board to Henry Groulbum, Esqre.
Letter from Mr. Thomas Pringle to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.
Letter from the Navy Board to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.
Letter from Mr. William Wait to Henry Goulbum, Esqre.

PAGE
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RECOBDS OF THE CAPE COLONY.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Gape of Good Hope, IZik May 1818.

My Lord, — ^In another communication I have had the honour
to make your Lordship acquainted with the circumstance under
which the Portuguese Brig Flor da Bahia with a cargo of slaves
arrived in Simons Bay, but I have now to lay before Your Lord-
ship a case of a different nature, and, as far as I can learn, quite
novel of its kind.

I must premise by acquainting Your Lordship that it appears
that Portugue^ Slave Vessels on their voyage from Mozambique,
or the possessions of the Portuguese on the Eastern side of this
Continent, have not unfrequently put into these Bays for the
absolute requisites necessary for the prosecution of their voyage,
or to repair damages received in the frequent bad weather met
with off this promontory ; the Colonial Eegulations with respect
to vessels under these circumstances is to put them into strict
quarantine, placing them in the outer anchorage, and having seen
to their supply with mere requisites, to order them to sea with the
least possible delay. Sometimes these supplies have been paid
for from funds which the Masters or Supercargoes have brought
with them, and at other times they have given bills upon their
owners at Bio or St. Salvador ; but it having often happened that
such bills have been protested by the parties upon whom they
were drawn, and the means of recovery, in such cases, having
been found tedious and precarious, that consideration added to
the idea which pretty generally has been spread that it is illegal
to afford to these Traders any assistance whatever, has rendered

xn. B

2 Records of the Cape Colony.

it almost impossible for the Fortngaese Masters to get cash for
what thej want or to obtain supplies upon credit.

1^6 Portuguese Brig Pacquet Real airiTed in this Bay -with
a cai^o of 171 slaves, bound to St. Salvador on the 14th of April
last. She had had a very long passage (71 days), had exhausted
her provision, water, and stock, and was much damaged by bad
weather ; in short she was in a state unfit to keep the sea, and
the supplies which she required were likely to come to a very
considerable sum, which the Master had not the smallest means
of paying for; it also appeared that certain bills which he had
given when here on a former occasion had not been discharged,
60 that relief from individuals was altogether unattainable. Thus
situated, the Master applied to me, and Your Lordship will see, from
the enclosed correspondence, that I have not thought it advisable
to make him the advances he required. But a question of some
difhcnlty has in consequence arisen. This vessel has no means
of proceeding to sea, the Master must shortly, in all likelihood,
abandon the vessel and cargo, not having the means of continuing
Lo maintain the negroes on board, and what tlien la to be done
with them ? My firat directions were to the Colonial Secretary to
consult the officers of the Customs on the subject, and Your
Lordship will see from the Comptroller's letter his view of the
subject ; but as his reasoning was not entirely conclusive, in as
much as it did not appear to me to he clear that Acts of Parlia-
ment made solely for British Subjects and for the abolition of the
Slave Trade in British Vessels and British Colonies were quite
applicable to this case, I directed the further opinions of His
Majesty's Fiscal and Mr. Truter to be taken on the case. I
enclose copies of them, and beg to call your Lordship's particular
attention to them ; it appearing therefrom that the freedom of the
Negroes is clear from the moment the act of abandonment takes
place, and that all that could be obtained for Negroes so situated
by any of the provisions of the Acts of Parliament is thereby
obtained. I have decided, whenever the event takes place, to act
in conformity thereto, by which means I conceive that I shall not
only act according to the spirit of the British Legislature, but
that I shall be enabled to take the most desirable and decisive
steps for the benefit of the poor objects thus thrown upon me for
protection; besides which I shall obviate all those claims upon
the British Treasury which would arise, were the case carried into

Records of the Cape Colony. 3

an Admiralty Court and the free Negroes there be condemned as
forfeitures to the Crown.

I lay this, perhaps, prematurely before Your Lordship, as it is
still possible, though improbable, the Portuguese Master may
obtain relief ; but I am most anxious, in so novel a case, to have
Your Lordship's early sanction and approbation of the steps
I may take ; I am also no less anxious to have Your Lordship's
instructions for my gtddance, in cases which may occur of a
nature similar to the present one, or to that of the Flor da Bahia,
or indeed in those of any other Portuguese Slave Vessels entering
these Harbours. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Gaps of Good Hope, 13^ May 1818.

My Lord, — I have the honour to report to your Lordship, that
the private ship Atla^ from Liverpool, Joseph Short Master, sailed
from Simon's Bay on the 5th of February last, and having fallen
in with the Portuguese Brig Flor da Bahia, employed in the Slave
Trade, with a cargo of slaves on board, the Master took upon
himself to detain her and to send her into this place for prosecution
in the Court of Vice Admiralty. Upon examination of the ship's
papers by the proper officers, it soon appeared that there was
nothing legally to justify the step taken by the Master, and it was
recommended that an early liberation of the vessel and cargo should
take place, which was consequently effected.

But upon the arrival of the vessel in Simon's Bay the crowded
state of the Negroes on board had caused so much mortality, and
disease was making such rapid progress, that the common dictates
of humanity urged a speedy interference, and in consequence of
the reports, copies of which are herewith transmitted, I directed
the sick to be landed, succoured, and treated by the medical officer
at Simon's Town during the stay of the vessel in that harbour. I
doubt not but that this step will meet your Lordship's approbation,
and that your Lordship, apprized of the circumstance, will not
allow the act to be misconstrued. The Negroes having been dying

B 2

4 Eecords of the Cape Colony.

at the rate of 4 a day previous to my having afforded them relief,
after which however not one perished during their stay here. It
seems that various opinions are afloat with respect to the propriety
or indeed legality, of granting assistance to a Portuguese Slave
Vessel coming into the ports of this Settlement under whatever
circumstances for refreshment or necessaries, which the length of
voyage or stress of weather frequently compels them to do on their
passage from Mozambique to the Brazils. So long as the Portu-
guese Nation shall by their own Laws tolerate this traffic, I am
not aware how the rights of hospitality can be refused to those in
distress, and certain I am that the British Parliament never
contemplated in its enactments forcing a vessel crowded with
human beings to sea without the common necessaries of life.

I have the honour to enclose a statement of the mate of the Atlas
who had charge of, and brought the Portuguese Brig into this
anchorage. This narrative, shocking to humanity, is verified on
oath, and is confirmed by the State in which the unfortunate
Negroes were found upon the inspection I ordered to be taken of
them.

The statement, in many parts, fully warrants what has, at
different times, been brought forward as argument in support of
the necessity, justice, and policy of putting a total stop to so
nefarious a traffic, and it must be consoling to those who have so
strenuously exerted themselves to this effect to know, that a very
few years will totally and entirely accomplish their laudable object.

I have &c.

(Signed) Guables Eenrt Sohebset.

[OriginaL]
Letter from LoKD Ghables Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Gafb of Good Hops, 15ift May 1818.

My Lord, — ^The great majority of the Officers of the late Gape
Begiment having now left this Golony, I have to solicit your
Lordship's protection for some few of them who have remained
here under the hope of obtaining employment in our Givil Service.
Some of them have already been put into small situations, the

Records of the Cape Colony. 5

emoluments of which would, however, not be adequate to their
maintenance in the most humble manner, were they not, at the
same time, permitted to draw the half pay of the rank in which
they were reduced.

It is highly desirable here to have young men in all the
departments of Govemmenli who have the facility of speaking the
language of the country ; and the long residence of the Officers of
this Corps in the Colony has given them, generally speaking, that
incalculable advantage.

It is to secure to us in our official transactions the benefit
herein described, that I beg to lay this request before Your Lord-
ship, in order that, should Your Ix)rdship concur in this view, you
may be so good as to move the Secretary at War to permit such
Officers on Half Pay as speak the Dutch language fluently to receive
such half pay, together with the Colonial pay of any Office which
they may be appointed to fill. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henby Somerset.

[Copy.]

Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the Collector amd the

Comptroller of Customs.

CoxxnruL Owwum, Idth May 1818.

Gentlemen, — ^I am directed by His Excellency the Governor to
acquaint you that in the dreadful gale of yesterday the Portuguese
Brig Pacquet Real, having a cargo of slaves for St Salvador on
board and in quarantine in this Bay, parted from her anchors, and
was totally wrecked. By the immediate orders His Excellency
had given for the relief of the sufferers, the Crew has been saved,
and 140 Negroes in a most deplorable state were safely landed.
Seven of these died from debility, and 133 are now secured and
provided for in the General Hospital. This imfortunate drcum-
ttance, forming a case completely novel in its kind, involving the
ri£^t of a Foreign Nation, and, as His Excellency is advised, bdng
unprovided for by the Acts relating to the abolition of the Slave
Trade, it is His Excellency's intention to continue to provide for
the safe keeping and maintenance of the unhappy Negroes until

6 Records of the Cape Colony.

such time as the directions of His Majesty's Goveminent at Home
shall be received on this intricate question, and His Excellency
desires me to acquaint you that his object in making this communi-
cation to you is in order that you may be fully apprized of the
circumstances of this case and know that the provisions of any
laws, whether Commercial or relating to the abolition of the Slave
Trade, cannot be infringed or interfered with by the steps he has
taken, and that consequently His Excellency deems any interference
on the part of the Custom Department to be unnecessary in the
present stage of this business, and His Excellency therefore desires
that you may be pleased to regulate yourselves accordingly.

I have etc.

(Signed) C, Bird.

[Original.]

Letter from Mr. G. Beblaerts van BloklaND to
Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

Haoub, 19th May 1818.

Sir, — I had the honour of receiving a letter from the Earl of
Galedon, giving cover to a letter from you to His Lordship, holding
information of Earl Bathurst having consented that my leave of
absence from the Cape be prolonged for six months, and having
expressed his willingness to consent upon cause being shewn to its
further extension for a limited period ; thus the leave which was
to expire on the 15th of August next wiU now stand prolonged till
the 15th of February 1819. In acknowledging the receipt of this
communication I beg leave to request you to convey to Lord
Bathurst my most sincere thanks for this indulgence, and 'also
that you will have the goodness to cause this extension of my
leave being mentioned to the Government at the Cape in your
dispatches thither.

Lord Caledon further informed me of his having had a
communication with you on the subject of my wish to retire from
the situation I hold in His Majesty's Settlement at the Cape, with
a pension, which would be very desirable to me in many respects,
and to which I fostered some hope from circumstances agitated (as

Records of tTve Cape Colony* 7

I suppose) in your conversation with Lord Caledon. I found,
however, no great matter of surprise at the difficidty pointed out ;
I am to confess that I know no precedent of pensions having been
allotted at home for services performed in the Colonies; but
permit me. Sir, to remark, that whenever the Colonial government
grants a pension, it of course always acts in expectation of such
being approved of by the Government at Home, which latter
consequently, properly speaking seems to confer the favor. The
want of precedent is perhaps merely accidental, the parties
interested being usually in the Colony at the time when the grant
is made, therefore it appeared to me that the difference in my case
would be more formal than material, and that by such a course
(as I happened to be now in Europe) time might be saved. You
will oblige me. Sir, by taking this subject once more in contempla-
tion, and should you find any means of obviating the existing
difficulty, I will feel happy in receiving your directions.

I have &c.

(Signed) G. Beelaebts van Blokland.

P.S. In the case of your having to favor mel with any com-
munication, I request the same may be forwarded to Messrs. G. &
J. van Neck & Co., Austin Friars.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Gaps of Good Hops, 21«< May 1818.

My Lord, — ^When I had the honour of addressing Your Lord-
ship on the 13th instant on the subject of the Portuguese Slave
ship Pdcqv^t Beat then at anchor in this Bay, I anticipated a
different result from what I have now to communicate. On the
18th instant a dreadful gale at N. and N.W. came on, during
which the Portuguese Brig and two other vessels parted from their
anchors and were driven on shore. The state of the weather was
so alarming that the unfortunate event was to be apprehended,
and I had ordered detachments of the 60th and 72nd Begiments
to be in readiness to afford every possible assistance to the

8 Records of the Cape Colony,

distressed crews> with the happy efiTect, with regard to the two
other vessels that every life was saved, but, I regret to state to
Your Lordship, that the decayed state of the Portuguese Brig did
not admit of her holding together long, and though the crew and
140 of the Negroes, by most meritorious and indefatigable exertions,
were saved, yet many of the unfortunate Africans perished before
they could be brought on shore. 18 bodies have been cast up and
buried, together with 7 of those who were saved in the first
instance, but who died subsequently from weakness. The
remainder (100 males and 33 females) debilitated and diseased, I
have thought it my duty to take under my immediate protection,
and I have placed them at present in our General Hospital (an
insulated building) where the exeitions of the Military Hospital
establishment will be called forth, nearly to reanimate the unfor-
tunate and exhausted sufferers. The first dictates of humanity
required the step I have taken, but the question which arises out
of the unfortunate calamity is not of easy decision, and its difficulty
will, I trust, plead my apology with Your Lordship for making it
a subject of reference, and earnestly requesting Your Lordship's
earliest instructions thereon.

What is to become of the unfortunate Negroes thus thrown upon
our coast ? The Portuguese owner asserts his claim to them and
states his intention of proceeding forthwith to the BrazUs to bring a
ship for their relief. Should these men be given up to a state of
slavery upon his return ? May AMcan Negroes be embarked to
be dealt with as slaves from a British Colony? Should the
Owner's claim be inadmissible, is he entitled to indemnity ? And
from whence is that indemnity to be issued? Supposing these
unfortunates to be entitled to freedom, in what manner shall they
be provided for, they being in their present state quite incompetent
to their own maintenance or support. Totally naked, and all, as I
before said, debilitated and diseased, they exhibit a scene distress-
ing to every feeling. Clothing them and administering to their
wants will be expensive and tedious, nor can they, when by these
means enabled to work, do so until instructed and accustomed to
it. Beasoning by analogy, I should propose, if this course be the
one to be adopted, that Your Lordship should sanction my taking
by these unfortunates such steps as have already met Yoiu*
Lordship's approval in the case of the Negroes held by the late
Mr. Tennant, as I have found by experience that those measu]re$,

Records of the Cape Colonif. 9

which included a provision for the sick and helpless, are better
adapted to the circumstances of the Colony than any others.

I should, however, first perhaps have solicited Your Lordship to
sanction the steps which I have thought it best to take for the
interests of humanity and those of all parties who might have
claims arising out of this unprovided for occurrence, in determining
to keep the Negroes under my own immediate supeiintendance
until I hear from Your Lordship on the subject. Your Lordship
will see by the enclosed copy of a letter which I caused to be
immediately written to the Collector and Comptroller of Customs
here, that I am of opinion that by the measures I have adopted " the
Provisions of any Laws, whether commercial or for the abolition
of the Slave Trade, cannot be infringed," while the interests of all
parties are in the most effectual manner secured. I therefore
anticipate Your Lordship's approval thereof, and beg, in conclusion,
to express my anxiety that Your Lordship may be fully impressed
that I have acted in this delicate case with the view, in the first
place, of obeying the imperative dictates of humanity to the
unfortunate, and in the next, of not committing His Majesty's
Government in an unpleasant correspondence with that of a friendly
power and Ancient Ally. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Copy.]

Memorial of Joz& Martins Gomes.

Illustrious and Excellent Sbnhor, — Joz6 Martins Gomes,
Supercargo of the wrecked Portuguese Brig Pacquet Real
Sayeth !

That for the good of his claim it is necessary for him to take an.
account of his slaves, to examine them, in order to see the situation
they are in after the shipwreck, and to know how many have
perished, and the number that have died in His Britannic Majesty's
Hospital since, and also the number sick, that it will be a satisfac-
tion to him, having done his duty, as he cannot do it without Your
Excellency's permission.

I beg Your Excellency will be pleased to determine to consent

10 Records of the Cape Colony,

to that above referred, conceding to me the favor to enter the
Hospital at any hour, for which I shall feel grateful.

(Signed) Joze Maktins Gomes.

Gafi Tows{, 22n<2 May 1818.

Beply to the above Memorial.

His Excellency the Grovemor will give directions that the
Memorialist shall be admitted into the General Hospital, and there
count the Negroes who have been saved from the wrecked Brig
Pacquet Heal. The person who has taken an inventory of the
Negroes, and has entered their descriptions and marks in a Eegister,
shall accompany the Memorialist. A return shall also be famished
him of the number which have been buried, having been cast up
on the day of the accident or subsequent days.

Colonial Office, May 25th 1818.

By Command of His Excellency the Governor.

(Signed) C. Bibd.

[Copy.J

Memorial of JofflS Maetins Gomes.

Illustkious and Excellent Senhor — Joz6 Martins (Jomes,
Supercargo of the wrecked Portuguese Brig Fa^^vst Real, prostrates
himself at Your Excellency's feet with the most lively sentiments
of gratitude for the great protection which he received from Your
Excellency and the prompt relief charitably rendered him as much
in saving the lives of so many fellow creatures which he had on
board as the hospitality which has been shewn to all, as much to
the Whites as the Blacks, as also the activity and watoh kept over
the fragments of his wrecked brig. Why ! So as Your Excellency
could find so much humanity and speed in such an unexpected
accident which only the Architector of the Universe could succour,
so he hopes to find shelter here, in the feeling heart and soul of
Your Excellency implores by the most sacred pledges of Your
Excellency, by the excellent sons and daughters of Your Excellency,

Records of the Cape Colony. 11

were they wanting succour in such a critical accident finding himself
entirely lost, having all he possesses laid out in slaves, that on
board the said Brig he had the same which are now in the hospital
by Your Excellency's order, belonging to himself the Supercargo
seventy odd. In which commerce he was engaged to maintain a
numerous family entirely dependent on him at St. Salvador, they
being precious to him, such as his wife, sons, mother and sisters
which he maintains, and what will become of him, finding himself
in a strange country without a shirt to his back, answerable to his
owners for more than 30 Contos of Eeis Fortes (near 40,000 Spanish
Dollars) as also to a crew of 30 odd men, which he had on board,
every one in his way of thinking, criminating him for the delay of
the Brig in this Port, when it is well known in this town the great
diligence he made to find one or more merchants united to lend
him money or provisions, upon bills on his owners, making
thousand proposals, even to go to Bio de Janeiro, or himself to
remain here as a deposit of his person, leaving his passports and
receiving others in lieu. Offering to sail in company with any
Man of War or Merchantman which might be going to the Brazils,
ceding over his passports which he had on board, and if at last
unfortunately unsuccessful, to sell at Public Sale all that he could
dispense with belonging to the said Brig, or even his last shirt, to
pay that he owed, and with whatever small quantity of provisiona
to bear up for the first Portuguese Port which he might be able to
fetch, going on board at all weathers with cables and anchors for
the security of his Brig, which is well known to the Captain of
the Port.

Hoping Your Excellency will not be the means to make him
unfortunate remaining discredited in his Country in his early
stage of life, without having the courage to appear before his
owners and merchants of his place : He therefore most humbly
solicits Your Excellency on his part and on that of his Companions
to commiserate, and determine what they are to do, well, they are
willing and ready to obey all the respective orders of Your
Excellency determining what is to be done with his slaves, those
belonging to his Owners as also those of the Crew. Well Your
Excellency will determine what is most proper, that the decision
at the end may be able to save the proceeds of the voyage. So
that the Supercargo may not remain entirely a lost man, as the
Great God would have it that such a shipwreck should happen in

12 Records of the Cape Colony.

a place belonging to a nation which is reckoned the most civilized
and humane in all Europe.

He waits Your Excellency's decision as he had already wrote to
his Owners by the English Brig the Alexander to remit money
to pay the disbursements made here on account of the Brig and
cargo, which they will promptly do, as he trusts with certainty
the honor and probity of the said Owners he the Supercargo will
bind himself for that, which cannot leave persisting in benefiting
the said negotiation.

Beclaiming all and every damage, prejudice, losses and gains
binds him to become responsible for all and whatever expences
incurred for the benefit of the cargo as also of the wrecked Brig.

Waiting with all silence Tour Excellency's decision knowing
and being certain that Your Excellency will use with it hospitality
and pity, and with all those who implore their rights in which
grace Your Excellency abounds.

(Signed) Joze Mabtins Gomes.

Cafb Towk, 22fM2 May 1818.

Reply to the above Memorial,

His Excellency the Grovemor laments extremely the circumstance
of the wreck of the Portuguese Brig Pacquet Real, having Negroes
on board. The Grew of the ship has been ordered into Barracks
by His Excellency, where they will be treated with every possible
attention and humanity, so long as it shall appear to him to be
necessary. With regard to the Negroes who have been saved from
the wreck. His Excellency has given directions for their being
clothed and subsisted in tiie manner adapted to their wants and
miserable state, and His Excellency will take the earliest oppor-
tunity of transmitting an account of the circumstances under
which these persons have been thrown into this Golony to His
Majesty's Government in England.

Colonial Office, 25th May 1818.

By Command of His Excellency the (Tovemor.

(Signed) C. Bird.

jRecords of the Cape Colony. 13

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Sombrsbt.

DowKiNO Stbbbt, 25<7i May 1818.

My Lord, — I have the honour to acquaint Your Lordship that
I have been induced to give permission to Mr. Beelaerts van
Blokland to remain in Europe during Six Months beyond the
termination of his Leave of Absence. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

DowNiNO Stbbbt, 26^ May 1818.

My Lord, — I transmit to Your Lordship herewith sundry
Monitions which have been issued by the High Court of Admi-
ralty of England addressed to various persons resident within
Your Lordship's Government; and I have to desire that Your
Lordship wiU cause these Monitions to be served on the Parties
specified therein according to the Instructions accompanying these
documents. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

DowNnra Stbbet, 20 June 1818.

My Lord, — This letter will be delivered to Your Lordship by
the Eeverend Mr. Erskine, whom I have appointed to the Situa-
tion of Colonial Chaplain at Simon's Town.

I beg to recommend Mr. Erskine to Your Lordship's protection
as a Gentleman well deserving of any Attention which Your
Lordship may have it in your power to shew him. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

14 Records of the Cape Colony.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Loed Bathukst to Lord Charles Somerset.

DowNiNO Street, 23rd June 1818.

My Lord, — I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of
Your Lordship's Letter of the 8th of April last, proposing the
appointment of a Captain and of a Lieutenant to the Troop of
Colonial Cavalry.

Under the Circumstances stated by Your Lordship in recom-
mendation of this Measure, I beg to acquaint you that it has
received the Sanction of His Majesty's Government. I have &c.

•

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Copy.]

Proclamation hy Lord Charles Somerset.

Whereas the Provisions contained in the Proclamation of the
30th June, 1803, with regard to Mechanics and others brought
into this Colony under Contract of Service, appear to me to be
insufficient for securing to each of the contracting Parties the
rights to which they are mutually entitled by their Engagement ;
and whereas it has been represented to me, that with regard to
other Masters and Servants generally in this Settlement, no
sufficient Provision exists, and especially, that in the reciprocal
relations between Tradesmen and their Apprentices, there is not
that security and regularity which are required, so as on the one
side, to oblige the Master to the due performance of his duty in
the instruction and treatment of his Apprentice, and on the other
side, to bind the Apprentice to due obedience and continuation
with the Master, until the time of his Apprenticeship be expired.

I have, therefore, deemed it expedient, to renew, alter, and
amplify the said Proclamation of the 30th June, 1803, and to
order and direct as is hereunder directed :

1. Mechanics, or other Persons under Contract of Service for a
limited time, as more fully described in said Proclamation of the
30th June, 1803, who shall from time to time come, or be brought

Records of the Cape Colony. 15

into this Colony, or shall be already here under Engagements of
this nature, shall not leave their respective Services previous to
the expiration of their several Engagements, without the written
consent of their Masters, on pain of being liable to arrest and
immediate imprisonment, to be carried into execution by order of
His Majesty's Fiscal, on complaint of the Master : His Majesty's
Fiscal, tiLOwever, after having previously endeavoured to reconcile
the Parties^ shall, without further process^ as soon as possible, (at
the utmost within 48 houra), bring the Case before the Sitting
Commissioner of the Court of Justice, for the Trial of lesser
Offences, agreeably to the Proclamations of the 17th July, 1798,
and of the 25th September, 1813, and summarily proceed against
such arrested Person, conformably to the tenor of the last-men-
tioned Proclamation.

2. The Sitting Commissioner shall have Authority, when he finds
that the Accused has broken his Engagement without sufficient
reason, not only to include in his condemnation a decree of
confinement, for a term not exceeding two months; but also,
should he find the Accused not to have had any just grounds for
his breach of Contract, or that there have been aggravating circum-
stances attending his misconduct, to sentence him, over and above
the confinement, to a fine not exceeding Twenty-five Eix Dollars,
and for a second or repeated offence, to corporal punishment in
the Prison.

3. The accused shall be at liberty to appeal from the decision of
the Sitting Commissioner to the full Court, provided such Appeal
be made conformably to the Eegulations pointed out in the
Proclamation of the 17th July, 1798, agreeably to which (saving
the prosecution of the Appeal) the Sentence of the Sitting Member
shall be carried into execution, for so far as the same shall not be
attended with any infamy, or other grief not reparable, by the
decision of the full Court, whose Sentence in these Cases shall be
final.

4. Should it appear, on investigation of the Case, that the
accused, instead of being guilty, has just grounds of complaint
against his Master, the E. 0. Prosecutor, agreeably to the 19th
Article of the Proclamation of the 25th Sept. 1813, shall make
such declaration or claim, with regard to the Master, as he may
deem adviseable, on which claim the Sitting Commissioner shall
pass such Sentence, as he, in good justice, shall think proper.

/
/

16 Records of tlie Cape Colony,

6. Such aforesaid Sentence of the Sitting Commissioner against
the Master, shall be appealable from to the full Court, but subject
to the same restrictions as those prescribed in the 3rd Article,
with regard to Persons bound.

6. All pecuniary condemnations in the above Cases shall be
carried into execution, in the usual manner, by the Chamber for
Begulating Insolvent Estates, after a single previous Summons ;
but the confinement on the Decree of the Court, shall be carried
into effect, without further form of Process.

7. In the same manner, the Fiscal shall proceed on such com-
plaints of Persons who have come or shall be brought into the
Colony under Contract of Service, as may be preferred by them
against their Masters, who in such Cases shall be reciprocally
liable, not only to indemnify the Complainant, should he have
injured him, but also, in case of such ill treatment as is cognizable
by the Sitting Commissioner, to a proportional correction, ac-
cording to the nature of the Case and the existing Laws of the
Colony.

8. With respect to the right of residence in this Colony, that
which is enacted in the above-mentioned Proclamation of the 30th
June, 1803, is considered as herein inserted ; so that the discharge
of any Person from his Master's Service gives him no right of
residence whatever, the grant of such right having been and
being always vested in the Governor for the time being ; whilst
those who remain in this Settlement, without permission from me,
or from the (Jovemor for the time being, after the expiration of the
term of their Contract, shall be liable to all the pains and penalties
prescribed in said Proclamation.

9. In order to prevent any Persons, who may come to this
Colony under Contract of Service, from being seduced or persuaded
to leave their Master's Service, or from being aided in breaking
their aforesaid engagements, no Person shall, willingly and
knowingly, receive or employ in his Service such Contracted
Persons, on penalty, on conviction, of Two Hundred Eixdollars
for the first offence. Five Hundred for the second, and for the
third, a like penalty of Five Hundred Eixdollars, and six months
imprisonment; whilst those who harbour such Persons, without
the written consent of their Masters, or without a written per-
mission from the Magistrate, or in any wise aid or assist them in
leaving their Service, shall forfeit, for each offence, a penalty of

Eecords of the Cape Colony. 17

Fifty Eixdollars, over and above such further pains and penalties,
as the harbouring of Strangers, or other Persons not provided with
a regular Pass, is, by the existing Laws of the Colony, subject to,
as well in the Country Districts as in Cape Town.

10. Apprentices legally bound by their Parents or Guardians,
by written Indenture, for a stated time, in order to learn a Trade,
shall not leave their Masters, until they have served out the time
of such Apprenticeship, on pain of being, on grounded complaint
of such Masters, which complaint shall be brought before the
Sitting Commissioner, compelled, by confinement, to return to
their Masters, and in case of obstinate resistance, of being over
and above punished by fine not exceeding Fifty Bixdollars, and
temporary imprisonment not exceeding three months.

11. Should an Apprentice however consider himself aggrieved
by his Master, he is (if a Minor, assisted by his Parents or
Guardians) to prefer his complaint to His Majesty's Fiscal, in
order, after dae investigation, that justice be equally done the
Apprentice.

12. All proceedings on the complaints of Master Tradesmen, or
of Apprentices, shall be carried on, and the execution of the
Sentence take place, conformably to the Proclamations of the 17th
July, 1798, and of the 25th Sept. 1813, under such modifications
as are further prescribed hereby ; and, in case of Appeal to the
full Court, the decision thereof shall be final.

13. His Majesty's Fiscal shall proceed in the same manner as
has been prescribed in the seven first Articles of the present
Proclamation, in all complaints preferred to him by Tradesmen
and other Inhabitants against such of their Servants, not belonging
to the class of Free-blacks, as have no right of residence in this
Colony, and vice versa, by such Servants against their Masters.
But if the Servants have been allowed the right of residence here,
or otherwise are Natives of this Colony, then in the same manner
as has been prescribed in the 10th, 11th, and 12th foregoing
Sections.

14. Finally : In all complaints constituting the subject of this
Proclamation, which shall occur in the Country Districts, the
respective Secretaries (that of the Cape District excepted), shall
proceed therein, «ts His Majesty's Fiscal is hereby directed to
proceed in Cape Town ; with this understanding, that the Land-
dro8t« of the Cape District shall bring the Complaints before the

XII. c

18 Records of the Capt Colony.

Sitting Commissioner of the Court of Justice^ and the Secretaries
of the other Districts, before the Courts of Landdrost and Heem-
raden, whose Sentence, in case of Appeal, shall be subject to the
final Judgement either of the Annual Commission of Circuit, or
of the full Court, to be decided by the Court in case of dispute
about the choice.

And I hereby order and direct the Worshipful the Court of
Justice, His Majesty's Fiscal, and all the other Magistrates, to
observe, and to cause to be observed, . these my Orders and
Directions.

And in order that no Person may plead ignorance hereof, this
shall be published and affixed as usual.

God save the King !

Given under my Hand and Seal, at the Cape of Grood Hope,
this 26th day of June, 1818.

(Signed) C. H. Somerset.

[Copy.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Sir Henry Torrens.

Gape of Good Hope, ^th July 1818.

Sir, — Empty Transports on their return to England having
arrived from Ceylon, and not having reason to expect that any
other unoccupied Transport is likely to touch here proceeding
homewards, I have felt it my duty not any longer to detain the
men of the 83rd Eegiment, who were, on tibie embarkation of this
Corps for Ceylon in September last, considered unfit to proceed
to the East ; but I should be wanting in my duty if I did not
state that their departure, together with some men whose periods
of Service have expired of the 60th and 72nd Begiments, amounting
to 98 rank and file, leave this Station so weak that the ordinary
and most necessary duties cannot be effected, and that even
performing them in the very imperfect and inefficient manner
that the want of force will necessitate, will harass the soldier
so greatly as to endanger his health, and be almost destructive to
his state of discipline.

I have already urged with the Secretary of State, as well as

Records of the Cape Colony. 19

with H.B.H. the Commander in Chief, the inadequacy of the
force on this Station to the most ordinary and unavoidable duties
required. H.B.H. will perceive by the enclosed return that there
are only 520 men to perform the whole of the numerous and
extended duties of this place. I should consider 2000 men but
a small force for these duties, if guards were supplied to all the
places where safety requires them, and if those that are now
mounted were of a proper strength.

The duties here have been reduced to the lowest possible ebb,
and yet the daily guards employ nearly 200 men, at some periods
during the War the following was the daily detail of this ganison,
viz. Captains 3, Subalterns 11, Sergeants 22, Corporals 34,
Drummers 9, Privates 460.

It will occur to H.R.H. without further observation from me,
how unequal 620 are to supply a daily force of 200 men, and
what the result must inevitably be. I have &c.

(Signed) Chas. Henry Som[erset9

General Commanding the Forces at
the Cape of Good Hope.

[Office Copy.]

Letter from Henry Goulburn, Esqre., to
Lord Charles Somerset.

Colonial Offioi, Ihih July 1818.

My Lord, — This letter will be delivered to your Lordship by
Mr. John Harwood, who proceeds to the Cape of Good Hope to
settle there.

Earl Bathurst has directed me to request that Your Lordship
will order such a Grant of Land to be made to Mr. Harwood as
may be considered proportionate to his Means of cultivating the
same. I have &c.

(Signed) Henry Goulburn.

0 2

20 Records of the Cape Colony.

[Original.]
Letter from the Eeverend J. H. Beck to Eakl Bathurst.

No. 15 Gastls Street, Oxfobd Btbeet, July 15^ 1818.

My Lord, — I beg leave to solicit thro' the good offices of your
liOrdship the consent of His Majesty's Government to my going
out to the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope for the purpose of
settling at Cape Town as a minister of the Gospel and erecting
a Chapel at that place.

I beg to inform your Lordship that I am a native of Cape Town
at which place my Belatives and Friends still reside, but that I
received the former part of my Education at Gosport and since
at the Universities of Utrecht and Glasgow, and as a very con-
siderable Number of Protestants at Cape Town are desirous of
public Worship in both the Dutch and English languages, it is
my wish to comply with their request, but for this purpose I have
to solicit the Sanction of your Lordship and of His Majesty's
Government in the erecting a Place of worship on a Piece of
ground which has been appropriated to this object and for which
a sufficient Sum of Money has been already realized.

I beg to inform your Lordship that my Father who is still
living at the Cape filled for many years a high Official Station
under the Dutch Government and is well known to the English
Governors Lord Caledon and Sir John Cradock, either of whom
would if necessary testify the esteem in which he is held by them,
or should your Lordship prefer to make any enquiry respecting
myself I beg leave to refer your Lordship for such information to
my Uncle Sir Goorge Buchan Hepburn of Smeaton N. B.

As no objection is anticipated to this request particularly as
His Majesty's paternal Government has already extended the
toleration to the Colonies so happily enjoyed in the British
Dominions by granting permission to the Lutherans and also
to the Mahometans as well as the Members of the English and
Dutch Eeformed Churches to have their respective places of
worship in Cape Town, an early Intimation of your Lordship's
approbation and sanction of His Majesty's Government will be
esteemed a particular favour. I have &c.

(Signed) James Henry Beck.

Records of the Cape Colony, 21

[Original.J
] Letter from Lord Lynedoch to Earl Bathurst.

Wabben'b Hotel, New Stbbet, 22nd July 1818.

My Lord, — I delayed writing to your Lordship after receiving
a letter from Lt. CoL Graham dated at the Gape 20th April
because I was in hopes on my return from Hampshire to have
had an opportunity of speaking to your Lordship on the subject.
I need not set myseK right with your Lordship, that in fulfilling
this duty towards my friend Col. G. I have not the presumption
to recall him to your notice on any other grounds than those
of his having been favorably considered by your Lordship as an
officer of distinguished merit and as a person intimately acquainted
with the Colony and its interests, and one on whose integrity
perfect reliance may be placed.

His object now is to be appointed Deputy Colonial Secretary,
should the present deputy succeed to Mr. Alexander's situation
likely to become vacant, as at the time of the sailing of the ship
his life was despaired of. He would be well satisfied to hold such
a situation with half the emoluments enjoyed by the present
Deputy, which, it is understood, amount to about £4000 per
annum.

Having submitted his wishes to your Lordship, I have only to
assure you &c

(Signed) Lynedoch.

[Original]

Letter from T. P. Courtenay, Esqrb., to
Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

Gannon Bow, 27(^ July 1818.

Sir, — I have received instructions from Lord Charles Somerset
to send out to the Cape Ten Bams and Fifty Ewes of the pure
Merino breed, those which went out in 1814 having given great
satisfaction at the Cape of Grood Hope. I have therefore to
request that you will move Lord Bathurst to give directions for

22 Records of the Cape Colony.

providing a conveyance to the Cape for these Sheep, which are
now ready to proceed to the place of embarkation. I have &c.

(Signed) Th. Per. Coubtenay.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. John McIlwraith to Earl Bathurst.

Gbesnock, July 1818.

My Lord, — A correspondent of mine at the Cape of Good Hope
requests that I would apply to your Lordship for leave to take
out one to two hundred young men as servants under indenture
for three years for the consideration of bed, board, raiment, and
free passage, with a clause of assignment of the indenture to their
respective masters, and a clause of Eedemption for those indentured,
they paying their said masters for their whole outlay and expence
at the rate of £30 stg. for the three years, that is £20 if they wish
to redeem two years and £10 if they wish to redeem one year of
their servitude.

A plan of a similar kind (my <friend says) was acted upon about
two or three years ago by a Mr. Benjamin Moodie, much to the
satisfaction of the respective parties concerned. But I understand
the old Dutch Law existing at the Cape is almost prohibitory, as
no emigrant can be landed without petitioning the Governor for
leave. A negative would prove fatal, 2nd. The Emigrant must
find bail not to become a burthen on the Colony for three years
and during that time to conform to the Law. This to an entire
stranger in humble life is not to be got. 3rd. At the expiry of
the three years a petition to be put on a footing with those free in
the Colony is not refused, unless their public conduct has been
deservedly obnoxious to the existing authorities.

Without an order from Your Lordship or the Privy Council (as
in the case of Mr. Moodie) to dispense with the aforementioned
restrictions, no one will embark in emigration to the Cape, which
is a place that might soon go far towards superseding emigration
to the United States of America much to the advantage of Great
Britain. And as soon as the Fall ships shall have sailed to British
America, numbers of emigrants will embark at this port in

Records of the Cape Colony. 23

American Ships to the United States, which might be advan-
tageously employed at the Cape, and they would possibly prefer
going there were a ship on the Berth here for the Cape and were
the Owner enabled to hold out to the emigrant all the encourage-
ment our Government might be inclined to give to families of
male and female consisting of young and old. As my Cape friend's
mode of indenture of servitude holds out little to recommend it
but employment to the males without encumbrance, and even to
them it carries with it the unpleasant idea of assignment to an
unknown master, they would therefore, were they able to raise
a sufficient sum, i^refer pajdng their passage and to have it in
their power to take service or to have a grant of unoccupied
Government Land, particularly if it did not lie far into the Interior
of that Country, for they will be timid on that head at first.

My own object in this business is to establish from this port a
ship in the Cape trade and to gain a fair freight (since my country-
men will emigrate), and I learn the demand for servants at the
Cape was so great that Mr, Moodie is said to have had 2000
applications for the 200 men he took out.

The Bar that stands foremost in the way will be the expence of
passage necessary to pay a ship completely equipped and provided
in every respect, which will of course far exceed the expence of a
passage to America, say £10 to £12 according to accommodation.
This sum the emigrant, will in general have provided and no more.
In this case how far would Government be inclined to aid them in
land, in money, or in both 1

Will your Lordship be pleased to give oi*ders to answer this
letter:

1st. In respect to removing the prohibitory clauses in the Dutch
Law at the Cape so that the emigrants embarking here might have
free ingress there.

2nd. Observations for my guidance relative to indenturing young
men (on the plan sent me) as I do not wish to attempt anything
either unlawful or yet inimical.

3rd. The full extent (and kind of) encouragement for emigra-
tion to the Cape in respect to land there, aid in passage money,
&c., &c. And lastly what might Government deem a proper charge
for passage money to adults in a vessel properly equipped, watered
and provisioned for such a voyage, having in view the possibility
of the emigrant not being able to quit the ship for a week or two

24 Records of the Cape Colony,

after arrival until he had got into bread or a view of employment
as the case might be. I am &c.

(Signed) John McIlwraith.

[Copy.]

Letter from Henry Goulburn, Esqre., to Mr. John

McIlwraith.

DowinKO Stbeet, July 1818.

Sir, — I am directed by Lord Bathurst to acknowledge the
receipt of youi- letter of requesting information upon

several points connected with a settlement at the Cape of Good
Hope, and to acquaint you in reply that Lord Bathurst will be
always ready to give to persons of respectable character such as
Mr. Moodie the same degree of encouragement which that
gentleman received, which was limited to an order to the Governor
to make him an adequate grant of land in the Colony and to afford
him his countenance in the cultivation of it ; that Lord Bathurst
begs not to enter into any discussion of the terms which settlers may
make with the persons employed by them, these being private
transactions with which so long as they are not contrary to law
Lord Bathurst has oflBcially no concern. As little can Lord
Bathurst take upon himself to decide what charge should be made
for the passage of persons to the Cape. I have &c.

(Signed) Hy. Goulburn.

[Original.]
Letter from the Eevbrend J. H. Beck to Earl Bathurst.

No. 15 Gastlb Street, Oxfobd Street,
bth August 1818.

My Lord, — ^I beg leave to acknowledge the receipt of a letter
from your Lordship addressed to me by Mr. Goulburn by your '
Lordship's desire on the 23rd of July in answer to mine of the
15th, signifying the consent of His Majesty's Government to my

Records of the Cape Colony, 2S

proceeding to the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope and settling
in Cape Town as a minister of the Gospel.

I beg leave to acknowledge my obligations to your Lordship
for the success of my application and for the prompt reply to my
letter, but I trust your Lordship will have the goodness to excuse
my troubling you again on the subject, as unless I shall be so
happy as to obtain thro' the good offices of your Lordship the
sanction of His Majesty's Government to my erecting a place of
worship in Cape Town, it will be of little avail for me to return
thither for the exercise of my ministry. Your Lordship may not
have been perhaps apprised that His Excellency Lord Somerset
the present Governor has been already solicited to grant the
necessary permission, and as His Excellency had no objection to
the request on his own part. His Excellency thought proper to
refer the consideration of it to the members of the Dutch Con-
sistory, who after meeting and consulting on the subject thought
proper to break up without coming to any decision.

Li this dilemma recourse can only be had to His Majesty's
Government at home, on whose justice and liberality I repose the
utmost confidence. As a British subject claiming the free exercise
of the Bights of Conscience in a colony of which I am a native
and where my relatives and a numerous circle of friends reside, I
hope to obtain that sanction from your Lordship which will not
leave my religious liberty at the discretion of a dominant party of
the Dutch Presbyterian Church, who while they are protected in
the enjoyment of their own rights, it is presumed ought not to be
allowed to infringe on those of others, and as by the liberality of
the British Government the Malays, who are mostly Mahometans,
have obtained permission to have a place of worship, there can be
no doubt His Excellency will manifest similai' liberality notwith-
standing the prejudice of the Dutch consistory ; should I only be
80 happy as to obtain the consent of His Majesty's Government,
but without such intimation from your Lordship on this subject
no hope can be entertained of any relaxation on the part of the
Dutch Consistory.

Humbly relying on obtaining your Lordship's assurances to this
effect, I wait Tour Lordship's reply and have &c.

(Signed) J. H. Beck.

26 Records of the Cape Colony^

[Copy.]

Letter front the Registrar of Slaves to the Colonial Secretary.

OnncE roB the Ehbbgistebhent of Slatbb,
Cafe Town, Augu$t lOe^, 1818.

Sir, — I have the honour to represent for your consideration that
the vendue-masters not being bound by their instructions to in-
quire T^hether slaves intended to be sold by public auction are
mortgaged or not, mortgaged slaves have been sold and transferred
(the transfer taking place by the enregisterment of the vendue
bill) without mortgages being paid off, and without its being in
the power of the district functionaries to prevent the transfer
taking place ; I take the liberty therefore to suggest the expediency
of the vendue-masters not to sell a mortgaged slave but with the
consent of the creditor prior to the mortgage being cancelled, the
which I conceive will the more effectually fulfil the intentions of
government, as respects the enregistering of mortgages on slaves.

I have &c.

(Signed) 6. J. Bogerb.

[Original]
Letter from the Earl of Caledon to Lord Bathurst.

GsNiYA, \Wi Augua 1818.

Mt Lord, — As the death of Mr. Alexander, late Colonial
Secretary at the Cape of Grood Hope, leaves to your Lordship the
recommendation of his successor, I feel it my duty to the Colony
as well as to Colonel Bird to mention to your Lordship how much
the Colony is indebted to his exertions.

At the time I was nominated Governor of the Settlement,
which was shortly after its capture, Colonel Bird was appointed
Deputy Colonial Secretary, and as Mr. Barnard died within a few
months after his arrival there the entire duty of the Secretary
devolved on Colonel Bird.

When your Lordship knows that the records of the former

Records of the Cape Cohmf. 27

British Government were destroyed or romoved, and that the
Dutch Government had undergone very recent and considerable
changes, it may well be conceived that the formation and superin-
tendence of the different offices required great exertion and
integrity as well as abilities, and that Colonel Bird displayed those
qualities then and has continued to do so to the present time is
not only my own opinion but I am satisfied must be that of my
successors in office, who will no doubt be willing to bear similar
testimony.

During four years that I held the Government of the Cape
Colonel Bird's conduct was in every instance most exemplary.
He devoted the whole of his time to his official duties, and I am
persuaded there is nowhere a more zealous or more efficient public
servant.

Under these circumstances I trust to Your Lordship's forgiveness
in expressing my hope that he may be recommended to the Prince
Eegent to succeed Mx. Alexander.

I assure your Lordship that I am not induced solely by motives
of private attachment to solicit this favour, but that I am also
actuated by a very sincere anxiety for the interest of the colony,
and I should esteem a compliance with my request an important
public benefit as well as a great personal favour conferred upon
myself. I have &c.

(Signed) Caledon.

[Office Copy.]

Letter from Henry Goulburn, Esqke., to
Lieutenant Colonel Bird.

DovNiNO Stbebt, 14^ Aa/g^ 1818,

Sir, — I am directed by Lord Bathurst to acknowledge the
receipt of your letter of the 8th of May last, soliciting your
confirmation in the Appointment of Secretary at the Cape of
Grood Hope vacant by the death of Mr. Alexander, and to acquaint
you that the length of time during which you have been officially
employed at the Cape and your zecdous and unremitting Exertions
as Deputy Secretary to the Colony have not failed to convince his
Lordship of the Advantage which would result to the Colony fi?om

28 Becords of the Cape Colony^

your Appointment as Secretary ; and his Lordship therefore has
had much pleasure in submitting the recommendation of Lord
Charles Somerset to the Prince Begent who has been graciously
pleased to sanction your Appointment. I have &c.

(Signed) Henry Goulburn.

[Copy.]
Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the Commissary of Vendues.

Ck)LONiAL Ofhob, 14^ August 1818.

Sir, — ^I am directed by his Excellency the Governor to transmit
to you the enclosed copy of a letter from the inspector of the
enregisterment of slaves, noticing an irregularity which occasionally
occurs in the sale of slaves which have been mortgaged by their
proprietors, and to desire that in future sales of slaves by vendue
you may be pleased in the first instance to ascertain whether such
slave or slaves be mortgaged, and if so, then that you strictly
adhere to the suggestion of the inspector. I have &c.

(Signed) C. Bird.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

GoLOHiAL Office, I5th August 1818.

My Lord, — I have received and laid before The Prince Begent
your Lordship's Dispatch No. 3 announcing the death of the
Colonial Secretary Mr. Alexander and recommending Lt. Colonel
Bird as his successor.

I have had much pleasure in soliciting His Boyal Highness's
favorable notice of Colonel Bird's claims to that Office, and beg
to acquaint Your Lordship that EUs Boyal Highness has been
graciously pleased to sanction his Nomination accordingly.

I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

Records of the Cape Colony, 29

[Office Copy.]

Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

DowKnro Stbxet, \9&i Augutt 1818.

My Lord, — An application was recently addressed to me by a
Mr. J. H. Beck soliciting permission to proceed to the Cape as a
Minister of the Gospel and Authority to erect a place of Worship
in Cape Town.

I caused Mr. Beck to be informed that upon receiving respect-
able testimony as to his character and qualifications, I would have
no difficulty to sanction his intention of proceeding to the Cape,
but that with regard to the erection of a place of Worship, he
must address himself to Your Lordship as being best enabled to
judge how far the proposed building would interfere with the
public Interests.

I have since received another letter from Mr. Beck, in which
he states that the question of building a church had already been
submitted to the Colonial Grovemment, and that upon its being
referred to the Consideration of the Dutch Consistory that body
had declined coming to any determination on the Subject.

I have therefore to request that Tour Lordship would favor me
with a report of the Circumstances of this Case, and that you
would inform me more particularly of the grounds upon which
Mr. Beck's Application was negatived. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Original.]

Letter from C. Arbuthnot, Esqre., to
Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

Treasubt Ghahbebs, 21gt August 1818.

Sir, — By command of the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's
Treasury I transmit to you herewith copy of a letter from the
Collector of the Customs at the Cape of Good Hope dated 25th
May last, with enclosure, relative to the Governor having taken
under his own protection 134 slaves which were wrecked in the

30 Records of (he Cape Colony,

Portuguese Slave Brig Pacquet Real, also of a letter from Mr.
Stephen dated Kensington Gore 13th Instant on the same subject,
which I am to request you wiU lay before Earl Bathurst, and
move His Lordship to inform My Lords whether by the laws now
in force at the Gape these slaves can be retained in servitude by
their Portuguese Masters and removed from thence against their
own consent; and also whether the ship and cargo were not
originally liable to forfeiture for importing slaves into the Colony,
being prohibited under the Abolition Act. I am &c.

(Signed) C. Aebuthnot.

[Enclosure A in the above.]

Custom Housb, Qkpm of Good Hope, 2&fh May 1818.

My Lords, — I have the honor of informing you that the Portu-
guese Slave Brig Pacquet Real from Mozambique for St. Salvador
lying in this port for refreshment since the fourteenth of April
was wrecked on the eighteenth instant.

As Collector of His Majesty's Customs I was proceeding to
take possession and charge of one hundred and thirty-four African
Negroes carried, used, and treated as slaves, on board this Brig,
and landed in the Colony, when I received a letter (of which the
enclosed is a copy) written by order of His Excellency the
Governor with instructions to forbear, it being His Excellency's
intention to take them under his own protection.

My duty as Collector as well as the Orders in Council appearing
to me to have been set aside on this occasion, I shall be under
obligation to your Lordships for instructions as soon as may be
compatible with your Lordships' convenience.

(Signed) Chasles Blaib, Collector of Customs.

The Eight Honourable the Lords Commissioners
of His Majesty's Treasury.

[Enclosure B in the above.]

See the Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the Collector and
Comptroller of Customs, dated 19th May 1818, on page 5.

Records of the Cape Colony. 81

[Enclosure C in the above.]

EEireiNOTOir, \Z0^ AugutA 1818.

Deab Sir, — I have received from Mr. Planteras the only
treaties which he believes bear in any manner on the question
treated of in the letter from the Cape of Good Hope : the Treaty
of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation with Portugal of February
19th 1810 and the convention with that Power on the subject of
the Slave Trade of July 20th 1816. I have again looked into the
Treaty with the same Power of January 22nd 1815 referred to in
the sixth article of the letter.

If these are the only Treaties by force of which the Portuguese
slave ships have been supposed to have the right called in the
letter '* the Permission " of refreshing and victualling at the Cape,
it seems to me perfectly clear that no such right exists, and that
the allowing them to enter the Port for such purposes (not from
inevitable necessity superinduced by accidents in their voyage,
but merely on account of a shortness of provisions foreseen and
calculated upon at their outset) has been a great abuse.

The 3rd Article of the Treaty of 1810 gives to the subjects of
each Power within the Dominions of the other " the same rights,
privUedges, &c. in matters of commerce and navigation that are
granted or might be thereafter granted to the subjects of the most
favoured nations." But the Dutch, the most favoured nation at
the Cape, had clearly no right to touch there with slaves, because
though the Treaty or Convention of 1814 permits their ships
generally to repair and victual at that Port, the two Powers
having bound themselves to each other to relinquish and suppress
the Slave Trade, no Slave Ships could possibly claim the benefit of
that stipulation. If this has, as I suspect, been the ground of the
practice it is an error too palpable to be seriously maintained. The
29th Article of the same Treaty with Portugal provides that ships
or merchandize saved from shipwreck shall be restored, but if this
could be construed to oblige us to transport by force shipwrecked
daves (which I should deny, and which without a new Act of
Parliament we could not do) it could not extend to a case in which
the wreck was only the consequence of a wrongful importation.
I see nothing therefore in the Treaties which can give a colour of
right to the restitution now in question, either in specie or value.

If the practice has no federal ground to stand upon peculiar to

32 Records of the Cape Colony.

the Portuguese or to the Cape, the giving countenance to it would
be of very serious consequence beyond even the inhuman eflfects
produced by it in the Trade from Mozambique, because on the
same principle Foreign Slave Traders from any part of Africa
while not expressly restrained by Treaty may claim a right to
come for provisions into the ports of any of our Slave Colonies,
the Isle of France, for instance, or any of our West India Islands,
if not liable to be seized for doing so, their victims may be easily
smuggled ashore ; not only Spaniards from the South of the Line,
but even French and American Traders from all parts of the coast
might for ought I see very safely do so, because the entering our
ports would be no violation of our municipal Law and the case of
Le Louis at the Admiralty has now settled that we have no right
to seize them for a violation of their own. Without even actually
entering our ports an intent to touch there for provisions and a
scarcity easily contrived for the purpose would be a convenient
pretext to secure them in the nearest approach to our shores that
a clandestine nocturnal importation might require.

But it is needless perhaps to point out such possible dangers
from precedent and principle when the immediate practice is
attended with consequences so shocking to humanity as are found
in the Trade from Mozambique to Brazil.

Having been engaged continually at my ofl&ce to-day till past
4 o'clock, I have had no time for searches and enquiries respecting
the authorities I mentioned. Unless I am much mistaken, it has
been adjudged in this Country as well as in the Colonies that the
coming into port with prohibited goods is cause of seizure and confis-
cation except in cases of involuntary and unavoidable necessity, but
as you desired to hear from me on the subject in general without
delay I will not lose another day in sending you these observations
on the federal part of the question, especially these if considerable
enough for the present practical purpose. If the Slave Traders had
no right to be there, they have no right to caU upon us to repair
the effects of their shipwreck either by becoming the accomplices
and executioners of their barbarity and violating for their accom-
modation one of the most sacred of our own municipal Laws or by
paying for a property which the loss by them is not acquired by us.

(Signed) James Stephen.
The Eight Honourable Mr. Vansittart.

Becords of the Cape Colony, S3

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lobd Bathubst to Lobd Charles Somebset.

Do^nnNa Stbekf, 2&th Auffua 1818.

My Lord, — T have had the honour of receiving Your Lordship's
Letter of the 28th November of last year stating the great encrease
of expense which has fallen upon the Public by a late Begulation
respecting the Soldiers' Bations and suggesting for certain reasons
that the Officers might be allowed to receive their rations without
payment.

Having communicated with the Lords Commissioners of the
Treasury upon this Subject, I now transmit for Your Lordship's
information and guidance a copy of a Letter which they have
caused to be written to my Under Secretary conveying their Lord-
ships' Sentiments upon the questions which you had deemed it
expedient to submit to the consideration of His Majesty's Govern-
ment. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathubst.

[Original.}
Letter from the Navy Board to Henby Goulbubn, Esqre.

Navt OnriGB, 2Bth August 1818.

Snt, — ^We acquaint you, for the information of Lord Bathurst,
that we have, in compliance with your letter of the 5th instant,
engaged freight for 60 Merino sheep to the Cape of Good Hope in
the Promdence, a fine vessel of 380 tons, which will sail 25th
September next, and will call at Cowes for passengers ; and that
we have directed pens to be constructed for their safer conveyance
in the 'tween decks. We therefore request to be informed where
the sheep are, and when they are to be embarked, also whether it
is his Lordship's intention that any person shall go in charge of

them. We are &c.

(Signed) H. Peake,

H. Legge,
F. Thomson.

XII. D

34 Becards of the Cape Colony.

[Copy.]

JExtrads from a Letter from the Landdrost of Grcuiff Beinet to
the Colon/icU Secretary, dated 27th August, 1818.

Sir, — Continidng in pursuit of some Caffers which had made
their escape from the party which I had taken and reported to you
about the 29th ultimo^ I came upon the fresh marks of some
waggons which had gone in a northerly direction towards the
Orange Biver.

This increafiong my suspicion with respect to an illegal com-
munication between the Colony and the Bastards and Coenraad
Buys, I followed those tracks with some armed farmers I could
trust to, after having given the necessary instructions to another
party concerning the cleaning that part of the Frontier of the
marauding Caffers, and I arrived on the Orange Biver on the 2nd
instant, where Mr. Anderson met me next day in consequence of
a letter I had sent on before, in order to apprize him of my
approacL

He inibrmed me 4;hat be had of late suffered much uneasiness
from the disorderly conduct of the Bastards in general, that their
affections were greatly aHenated from him and his doctrine
through the machinations of Coenraad Buys, who has been able
to make them believe that the only object of Government in
permitting Missionaries to reside among them was to have them
gradually seduced into the Colony, and made soldiers of, giving as
an instance Sir John Cradock's ordering twenty men for the Cape
Begiment from among them. He had also instilled into the minds
of the greatest part of them that they should consider themselves
entirely independent of the Government, as a separate nation
strong enough to defend themselves, and that they would always
find people on the borders of the Colony who would supply them
with as much arms and ammunition as they would want, and had
even persuaded them that he could make gunpowder himself.

Mr. Anderson and several Koranas moreover informed me that
Buys had made repeated attacks upon one of the Breequa tribes,
killed many and taken an inmiense number of their cattle, which
he shared with those who assisted him in these depredations.

That such arguments should be able to corrupt the Bastards we
need not wonder when we reflect upon their manner of living, the

Records of the Cape Colony. 35

greatest sloth and tendency to idleness is perceptible in every
individual in every age or sex, not the least trace of industry is
to be found in any of their Kraals. Their huts are by no means
so good or as comfortable even as those of the Caffers^ a couple of
mats thrown over a few bent sticks stuck in the ground constitute
their most permanent dwellings, their flocks, though they com-
plain of great destruction made among them by lions, are never
guarded except when they can get Bosjesmen to hire as herds, who
come to them when they are half starved, whom they treat shame-
fully ill, some instances of which (even those related by Mr.
Anderson) are most shocking to humanity, and nothing rouses
them from this lethargy but a hunting excursion, a journey to the
Colony for suppUes, or an attack upon some Bosjesmen Kraal or
other. Several parties of this latter tribe which I met with com-
plained of their having been attacked by the Bastards, the few
cattle which they had from time to time received from the
Colonists taken away, and their children which were not
destroyed carried off.

Mr. Anderson assured me that there were at least fifteen hundred
men capable of bearing arms already in his Institution and that
they were increasing very fast ; that they had upwards of three
hundred guns among them, and were continually bringing more
jfrom the Colony. The men who had lately been to the Goup with
the oxen and procured the eleven guns I wrote about had come
back with the information that it was only in the district of
Graaff Eeinet that they could not procure everything they wanted,
as they were most cordially received by the farmers of the
Tulbagh district, who told them that they required no passes from
the Missionary, their oxen being the best passes they could bring,
the consequence of which was that Mr. Anderson lost even the
little shadow of authority he had maintained among them by
refusing passes to those who misbehaved, for they now declared
that they would drive their flocks to that market where they
could do without his favor, and some were on the point of coming
on when my arrival put a stop to their intention. A short time
before that six or seven Bastard Hottentots named Visagies,
deserters out of the service of some Farmers of the Tulbagh
district, went with their cattle, horses, and arms, and settled
among the people of this Institution, stating that a great nimiber
from the Colony would soon follow them, and tho' Mr. Anderson

D 2

36 Becords of the Cape Colony.

was in his own mind convinced of the impropriety of harboring
such runaways he declared that he had no way of sending them
back, and I am well convinced that it would be dangerous for him
to undertake it by force.

The consequence of this anxiety is obvious, and in spite of what
bigoted accounts may have imposed upon the credulous world,
it is impossible for an unbiassed eye to travel thro' that country
without perceiving an Institution for the propagation of the
sacred doctrines of Christianity degenerate into a cradle for the
most serious mischief, for Mr. Anderson (I believe with the best
intentions towards these deluded people) acknowledges that his
church and school are almost entirely abandoned.

{Office Copy.]
Letter from Lobd Bathttbst to Lord Chables Somerset.

My Lord, — I have had the honor of receiving your Lordship's
several dispatches of the Dates and Numbers specified in the
No 7. 13 May 1818 Margin, in which you request particular instruc-
No 8. „ „ tions for your guidance with respect to the
Nolo. „ „ propriety of furnishing Supplies and Assistance
to Portuguese Slave Ships touching at the Cape and as to the
disposal of such Slaves as either in consequence of Shipwreck or
their Owners' Abandonment might be cast upon the Colony.

Having referred to His Majesty's Law Servants the several
points upon which it appeared to me most advisable to ascertain
the intent and construction of the Law, I have now the honor of
transmitting to you their opinion, and in directing you to conform
yourself most strictly to the principles therein laid down, I have
only further to express my entire Approbation of the Line of
Conduct which you have pursued in refusing to accede to the
several Proposals made by the Master of the Ship in the course of
his Correspondence. I have etc.

(Signed) Bathurst.

Records of th4 Cape Cohrvg. 37

[Office Copy.]
Letter from, Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

Colonial Offiob, IH September 1818.

My Lord, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of
yonr Lordship's dispatch of the 12th of March last.

Having had under Consideration the additional arguments
which Your Lordship has urged in favour of granting a Colonial
Allowance U> the Officer Commanding Cape Town Castle, I have
felt myself compelled to submit the Measure to the Sanction of
the Prince Eegent, and I beg to acquaint Your Lordship that His
Eoyal Highness has been pleased to approve of your issuing to the
Officer who may command Cape Castle aa Allowance of Twenty

Shilling per diem. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Office Cbpy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

OoLONiAL Ofugb, 2nd Septentber 1818.

My Lord, — I have the honor to enclose to Your Lordship a
Copy of a Communication which has been received by my Under
Secretary from the Secretary of the Treasury, in which it is stated
that it does not appear from the Account Current of the Com-
missariat at the Cape to the 24th of October last, that any Sums
arising from Colonial Bevenues had as yet been brought in aid of
the Expenditure, and I have to request that Your Lordship will
transmit to me such information on the Subject thus adverted to
by the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury as will enable me
to afford to them the information which they desire. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

Ck)L0NiAL OinoB, Srd September 1818.

My Lord, — I transmit herewith a copy of a letter which has
been addressed to my Under Secretary by desire of the Lords

38 Records of the Cape Colony.

Commissioners of the Treasury, enclosing a Communication
addressed to that Board by the Ordnance Department, in which
it is stated that it has been customary for the Deputy Colonial
Secretary at the Cape to exact a fee of about Sixpence Sterling
upon all Gunpowder sold from the Ordnance Stores to thp In-
habitants of the Colony ; and I have to desire that Tpur Lordship
will transmit to me the i^ecessc^ry information upon this Subject.

I have &c.
(Signed) Bathubst,

[Copy,]
Letter from Majoe Kogees to Lieutenant Colonel Beereton.

CtoYKBNMBHT HouBB, QepUmiber iih 1818.

SiK, — In transmitting tjh6 accompanying details of the Force
which wilj be placed unde^ your command upon your arrival
on the Frontier, His Excellency the Governor and Commander
of the Forces has directed me to put you in possession of his
views of the service you are called upon to superintend, in
order that you may consider them as your guide and instructioH
thereon.

1st. It may be necessary to premise that the Troops on the
Frontier occupy a line of nearly 180 miles extending from
Esterhuys Poort which is the left to the Sea. This line runs
along the Boundary which separates the Uitenhage District from
the Cafifer territory, and the object of occupying it is to repress
the frequent incursions of the Cafifer people, whose habits of
marauders frequently induce straggling parties to enter into and
conceal themselves in tjie Colonial Territory for the purpose of
plundering the Colonial herds, in effecting which they perpetrate
the most cruel murders.

2nd. It win be manifest that the system of occupying small
posts, which you will see to be the one which has b^n adopted,
and in which the Troops on the Frontier are placed, is calculated
for observation, not for aggression, but it is necessary that this
circumstance should be impressed upon you, in order to explain
the Colonial policy in regard to the Caffer people. This policy

Records of the Cape Colony. 39

oonsists in using in their regard the greatest possible forbearance^
in considering them collectively (as often as possible) as friends
and in imputing the grievances of which the Colonists have so
much reason to complain to the acts of individucds or petty chiefs,
it being hereby intended to lay the foundation of a more moral
sense of right among them^ for from the moment the Chiefs
disclaim the acts of the marauding parties^ they admit their
injustice and impropriety^^ and it is this feeling that it must
be your zealous endeavour to improve:

3rd. The Cafifer people appear to range themselves under various
petty chieftains; and these chieftains again when^ not strong
enough to assert an entire independence seem to consider them-
selves as attached to some more powerful chief. The authority
of these chiefs is however extremely limited^ nor does any
communication we have hitherto had with them lead us to
suppose that the great chiefs can altogether control the-subordinate
ones, or that the subordinate chiefs have any ef&cient check upon
the- individual members of their respective kraals.

4th. It is this state of things which enables the Chiefs with a
shew of good faith, not always justified by their own conduct, to
disclaim having given countenance to the depredations of which
the Colonists complain, and which- furnishes them with a plausible
argument for deprecating that punishment which under other
circumstances unquestionably would be inflicted upon them.
But from this state of Caffer subordination also arises that
system which His Excellency has constantly endeavoured to enforce
of considering those Chiefs as friendly who, in addition to their
disavowal of participation in the plunder made from the Colonists,
have actually evinced their sense of right by enforcing restitution
from time to time and by other marks of amicable feeling,
shutting his eyes to minor irregularities which he has wished
to attribute partly to the small proportion of real authority
possessed by those chiefs, and partly to the savage state in which
this roving people still continues, and in which no small portion
of cunning and bad faith must be expected^

5th. In furtherance of this system His Excellency has always
been anxious to conciliate the Chief Graika, who has long been
considered as one of the most powerful of those situated imme-
diately on our border, and it has been His Excellency's policy
to acknowledge the supremacy which this chief claims over

40 Becords of the Cape Colony.

the other Captains (though it is evident Gaika is not strong,
enough to enforce his pretensions) with a view in the first
instance to concUiate him by this acknowledgment, and with
the farther view of making him responsible for the conduct of
his inferiors should he at any subsequent period be enabled to
enforce the authority to which he aspires.

6th. His Excellency therefore in the interview he had with the
Caffer Chiefs at the Kat Biver in March 1817 solicited that
interview with Gaika and invited tixe other Chiefs (particularly
the two supposed to be the most powerful of those who attended
T Sambie and Botm^n) who assented to t]xe arrangements which
Gaika made with His Excellency on that occasion.

7th. This arrangement has become the basis of tl^e intercourse
now existing with t}ie Caffer people, and it is with their compliance
or non compliance with the terms thereof that your operations in
their regard must greatly depend. The arrangement chiefly
consists in their promise to restrain as far as possible their
respective Caffers from piundering the Colonists. In their
engagement to restore such Colonial cattle as sl^ould be found
amongst ^he Caffer herds, and in their agreeing to permit the
Colonial Grovemment to enforce restitution of plundered cfittle
from any kraal to which such ci^ttle should be tn^ked, or to
permit the pcpiy following it to seize an equal proportion of
Caffer cattle ^ho^ld sestitution or oompensation under suc^i
circumstances be refused. It has been agreed that intercourse
should only bie carried on with the Caffer nation through the
Chief Gaika, -^ho should have permission to send, when the wants
of himself or the Caffers required it, to Graham's Town where the
Magistrate and officer in command wonld be instructed to allow
such barter as should be advantageous to him and to the Caffer
people. All other intercourse wiUi the Caffers is forbidden, and
such of them as shaU be found within our boimdaries, unless
accompanied by Gkuka's Messengers who are known by Gorgets
with his name on them fumialied to h\m for this purpose, are to
be considered as enemies.

8th. Erom the last remark n\ust be excepted such Caffers
as may from time to time have occasion to communicate with
the outposts, particularly at the Caffer Drift Posts. Such com-
munication however should meet with as little encouragement
as possible, and the orders given to prevent the Colonists from

Eeoards of the Gape Colony^ 41

intercourse with the Caffer people, or from passing the Borders
with their herds, on any pretence, to be strictly enforced.

9th. Thus having put you in possession of the relation in which
we stand with the Gaffer Tribes, it remains to be explained to
you, the object which is steadily to be kept in view, and to point
out the means which, under the present circumstances, appear to
His Excellency to be best suited to attain those ends.

10th. His Excellency looks forward to, and anxiously desires
to promote a state of society which shall render the presence
of a Military Force on the Border unnecessary : this will gradually
be effected by procuring to the Inhabitants and new Settlers
on the Borders that security for their persons and property which
is the tie of society. Their numbers, when once the impression
of constant danger is removed, will rapidly increase, and will theA
be formidable enough for self protection.

11th. For this purpose it is that constant vigilance must be
exacted &om the of&cers at the outposts, and that the system
of patrolling pointed out by His Excellency's instructions from
Somerset, dated 29th March 1817 (a copy of which has been
furnished to you) be rigidly enforced, and that the erection of the
Signal Stations must be hastened, in order that the earliest
intelligence may be communicated to the front line, of Caffer
depredations, so as to render escape into the Gaffer coimtry with
plunder extremely precarious, which of itself will lessen the
number of attempts at depredation.

12th. Every information which can be procured relative to the
Caffer people or their country, to their chiefs, or the bounds of
their respective territories, must be sedulously sought for, and
immediately communicated for His Excellency's information.

13th. The line of country occupied by the Troops must be
diligently reconnoitred and the most minute information relative
to it collected, not only from the of&cers commanding at the
several posts, but from the inhabitants, the distance of each post
from the nearest habitation in every direction accurately ascer-
tained, and every statistical information procured, which must
also be minutely detailed to His Excellency.

14th. His Excellency's instructions to the ofScer commanding
on the Frontier, dated 29th March 1817, before alluded to, being
so explicit as to the station of the Troops, and the measures which
His Excellency expects in consequence of these arrangements.

42 Records of the Cape Colony.

His Excellency merely deems it necessary to give you a copy
thereof and to desire that you will be entirely guided by them in
any of the circumstances to which they relate, but as the Com-
mander of the Forces has been obliged to withdraw the Dragoons,
80 often therein alluded to, in consequence of the Begiment then
stationed here being ordered on another service, it is His
Excellency's desire that a proportion of Burgher mounted Force
may accompany every Detachment which under the circumstances
of pursuit of Caflfer plunder shall enter the country. Where the
force collected for this object is assembled at any of the outposts,
the nearest Field Comet should be applied to, to collect as many
Burghers as he conveniently can; but where the Force is assembled
with greater leisure from Graham's Town, then the Deputy liand-
drost will furnish the number which you shall deem requisite.

15th. In case it shall unfortunately happen that it shall be
necessary to enter the Caflfer country for the purpose of punishing
any petty chief whose conduct shall have evinced peculiar marks
of hostility (a measure however not to be adopted without His
Excellency's special sanction) in such case not only must the
Deputy Landdrosts be called upon to furnish the largest proportion
of armed Hottentots they can collect, and notice must be given
of the measure intended to the Landdrosts of Uitenhage and
Graafif Beinet, in order that they may each collect a Force, to be
stationed as shall be judged most expedient for the protection of
the Frontier during the absence of the Troops so detailed. A
proportion of the arms and accoutrements lately in the possession
of the Cape Begiment has been lodged at TheopoHs for the
purpose of arming the Hottentots upon emergencies, and a
proportion should be deposited at Uitenhage in order to enable
the Landdrost to arm the Hottentots of Bethelsdorp in a similar
manner.

16th. Although any Force detached as above should move with
as little encumbrance as possible, yet it is essential the usual
means for their supply should not be neglected, and measures
should be taken to have always in readiness the means of moving
upon the shortest notice, and it will therefore be desirable you
should communicate with the Commissariat, in order that fourteen
days provisions at least tot such a force as may be necessary to
employ upon such an emergency as is alluded to, shall be always
in store at Graham's Town for this objects

Records of the Cape Cdlony. 43

17th. It Laving been found extremely difficult to provide with
adequate security for the provisioning the Troops in this distant
Quarter insomuch as to have rendered it frequently necessary to
send by sea to Algoa Bay both Wheat and Barley for this service,
which after the immoderate expense incurred thereby had still
to be forwarded by land carriage to the Frontier^ His Excellency
adopted the plan of forming an Agricultural Establishment at
Bruintjes Hoogte for the supply of the Commissariat in bread,
meat, and forage, and the arrangement at incalculable saving to the
public appears hitherto to have entirely answered His Excellency's
expectation. His Excellency therefore particularly desires your
attention to this branch of the service and your cordial support of
the measure. The Establishment is under the management of
Mr. Hart, formerly Adjutant of the Cape Eegiment, with two
assistants, and it is essential that he should derive every aid from
you which the nature of the service will admit of; and it is the
more necessary to impress this upon you as it is understood that
some prejudices against the Establishment exist among the Troops
under your Command.

18th. The officer in charge of the Signal Establishment has also
the superintendence of the buildings at the several posts, including
the Barracks at Graham's Town. It is His Excellency's wish
that these posts should gradually be improved so as to attain that
solidity which many of them (constructed of the slightest materials)
had not when he inspected them ; but this is a service which must
not be hurried, and the greatest attention possible should be paid
to having the men's Barracks dry and airy ; the officers' Quarters
should be neat and comfortable, according to the respective ranks
of the officers they are intended to accommodate. No expense
however should be incurred without previous sanction.

19th. There being a large proportion of Field officers on the
Frontier, it will not be desirable they should continue to be
stationed at Graham's Town ; but it wiU be more eligible that one
should be posted on the extreme of the right, or at one of the
Caffer Drift Posts, and another on the left or Boode Wal from
whence the detaUs of the two wings may be more readily
superintended.

20th. Although it is said in the outset that the Force under
your command is to line the Uitenhage Frontier, yet it is not
thereby intended to confine them upon emergencies to that line.

44 Records of the Cape Colony,

On the contrary it is necessary that protection should, when
wanted, be extended beyond it, and thus if the Landdrost of Graaff
Beinet should make application to you for military assistance, you
wiU consider yourself fully warranted in affording it. At the same
time a detachment of the 72nd Foot is in fact beyond the
Boundary mentioned, being stationed at the Baviaan's Eiver,

21st. You wUl thus see from this communication what the
policy and objects of His Excellency are, and what the means
committed to you for carrying his measures into effect wUl be ;
it therefore only remains to add that in every intercourse with the
Caflfers, it is His Excellency's wish to treat them with kindness
and with strict good faith, that he wishes to establish with Gaika
in particular a closer union, and that whenever it becomes his
indispensable duty to chastise any of the Border Chiefs, he wishes
and desires to confine that chastisement within moderate bounds,
and not to destroy the cultivation or kraals of the offenders. His
Excellency is well aware that the Inhabitants of the Border have
different sentiments &om these, and he also knows that most of
those stationed for any time upon the Frontier have their feelings
worked upon so as not to be so moderate upon this subject as His
Excellency wishes; such however is the line he thinks it wise
to pursue, and he begs to say in the strongest terms they must not
be deviated from. His Excellency has no doubt but you will see
the propriety of cultivating the friendship of the Magistracy, as
well of the place you will be stationed at^ as of the surrounding
districts, every sort of success depending upon the cordial coopera-
tion of all. You will also meet His Excellency's wishes by every
attention in your power being shewn to the interests and sufferings
of the Inhabitants, the confidence which kindness wUl inspire will
be one of the principal means by which the fertile districts you are
proceeding to will be once more peopled.

22nd. You have already been furnished with a Warrant
empowering you to assemble Courts Martial from time to time, as
occasion may require amongst the Troops under your orders, but
His Excellency most earnestly trusts that your presence and
judicious arrangements for the prevention of crimes will render
frequent recurrence thereto unnecessary. The assembling General
Courts Martial is to be resorted to as seldom as possible, from the
great injury to the service of withdrawing so many of&cers from
the outposts. Except in very extraordinary cases no General

Eecords of the Cape Colony. 45

Court Martial is to be convened ^without a reference to His
Excellency, and in no instance is the sentence of a General
Court Martial to be carried into execution until approved by the
CommaDder of the Forces.

By His Excellency's Command.

(Signed) G. J. Eogers, Military Secretary.

[Office Copy.]

Letter from Heney Goulburn, Esqre., to Lord

Charles Somerset.

DowiONG Stbxbt, 28tft September 1818.

My Lord, — I do myself the honour of transmitting to Your
Lordship a Copy of a Letter which I have received from a person
who is desirous to obtain certain information as to the period of
the death of a Mr. Schnaegelsberg who is stated to have held the
Office of Beceiver at the Cape of Good Hope, and I have to request
that you would give directions for supplying the information
solicited. I have &c.

(Signed)' Henry Goulburn,

[Original.]
Letter from Secretary Bird to Earl Bathurst.

Oafb of Good Hofb, 2Qth September 1818.

My Lord, — ^It is a most painful duty which is imposed upon
me to communicate to your Lordship the severe illness with
which Lord Charles Somerset has been visited, and which has
reduced him so much as to render his recovery very precarious.
On Saturday week last, (that is on the 19th) His Lordship first
complained, but was suflRciently well to be at the theatre in the
evening. On Sunday and Monday he was confined to the house,
on Tuesday he was out for a short time in his carriage, but
returned in a state of great debility, and has not been up since.
There are this morning some favourable symptoms in his case,
which Dr. Barry tells me is Typhus with Dysentery. There

46 Records of the Cape Colony,

appears to have been a return of disease for the last three or fonr
nights at about ten o'clock and last night his Lordship was
delirious. Lord Charles' habits of great temperance are probably
much in his favour, but Dr. Barry nevertheless expresses so much
apprehension that I cannot delay making your Lordship acquainted
with the state in which he now is.

Should an unfavourable turn take place I shall forthwith dis-
patch the Colonial Schooner to England with the tidings, that
being the only vessel which I can control, and I trust your Lord-
ship will approve of my so doing. I still however entertain hopes

it will not be necessary. I have &c.

(Signed) C. Bird.

His Majesty's ships Topaze and Liverpool are here on their way
to India. The transports with the 38th Eegiment have not yet
been heard of.

[Original.]
Letter from Secretary Bird to Earl Bathurst.

Oafs Town, Ist Octdber 1818.

My Lord, — The Maryy by which I had the honour of writing to
your Lordship on the 29th September not having put to sea as she
intended, I am enabled to inform your Lordship that Lord Charles
Somerset has rallied a little and was last night without fever. He
is certainly in a state of great debiUty, but considerable hopes are
now entertained that he will do well. I have &c.

(Signed) C. Bird.

[Original.]
Letter from E. Marshall, Esqre., to T. Courtenay, Esqre.

War Ofwcw, 2md October 1818.

My dear Courtenay, — As it was you who obtained for my
brother John the Presidentship of the Cape Bank, I am extremely
sorry to inform you that your well meant endeavour to promote
his welfare has eventually been of disservice.

Records of the Cape Colony. 47

You will pardon my calling to your recollection that upon
leaving London John was obliged to give up an appointment
under Grovemment, the salary of which, with his little remaining
property and the kind assistance of friends, kept his family above
want, and above, what is often thought worse, the appearance of
it; whilst he was at hand ready to take any better place or
employment that might offer* When thus situated, the oppor-
tunity of going to the Cape presented itself, and it was represented
in too favourable colours, without however imputing to any one,
and much less to you, $i wish to exaggerate, to allow a man in
narrow circumstances with a wife and four children to hesitate
about going. Accordingly he sold off everything, and borrowed
£500 besides, in order to equip his family for the voyage and a
residence abroad.

The vessel in which they went was wrecked, and their goods
and furniture entirely spoilt or materially damaged, and on
arrival my brother found that his salary of 6000 Eixdollars,
nominally worth £1200 per annum, was actually reduced by the
depreciation of the currency to something less than £600 sterling,
an inoome barely adequate to his necessary expences. Still with
economy he contrived to live in tolerable comfort, but not to pay
off his encumbrances. However he flattered himself with the
hope of an improvement of the currency, in which he is paid, tho*
for what reason 1 never could learn, for I understand that a large
proportion of the other principal dvil officers receive salaries in
KixdoUars at their nominal value of 4s, sterling instead of their
real value of less than 2s. each.

The currency has since grown progressively worse and worse
and there is no prospect of any amendment. Almost every article
of native and foreign produce has also rapidly, and it is to be
feared permanently, risen in price, as you will see by the enclosed
extract fix)m my brother's last letter. Now my good friend, let me
urge you to exert any influence which you may possess to get him
put upon a footing with the other civil servants in regard to the
payment of Ms salary, as there seems to be no just cause for so
invidious a distinction in the different branches of the same
Grovemment, and I am persuaded that Lord Bathurst cannot be
aware of the preference, and how unequally it affects individuals,
and how injuriously the Colony.

When the salary was originally assigned to the Presidentship,

48 Becords of the Cape Colony.

it wa3 liberal and adequate to the respectability and responsibility
of the appointment^ as the HixdoUar was not depreciated and
provisions were cheap ; and I cannot therefore imagine that the
present occupant will be left to suffer from a change and pressure
of circumstances which he had neither the power to prevent nor
avert.

Nevertheless if the measure which I propose cannot be carried,
an event I am unwilling to anticipate, but for which it is best to
be prepared, I entreat you to try to get for him some appointment
tenable with the Bank, or a removal to some more lucrative
isituation.

Believe me &c.

(Signed) E. Marshall.

[Original.]
Letter from Lieutenant James Fichat to Earl Bathurst.

10 EsmnNGTOH Lane, Vauxhall, lOih October 1818.

My Lord, — Having the permission of the Lords Commissioners
of the Admiralty to reside at the Cape of Grood Hope, and being
about to embark with my wife and family for that Colony, and
understanding that Gk)vemment are pleased to give grants of land
to such half-pay Officers as are desirous of colonizing, permit me
to solicit (if such should be the case) the favor of a grant of 500
acres of Land in the above Colony, which I have been informed
is the number of acres given to Subaltern Officers, or any other
proportion which your Lordship may conceive my services of 20
years standing may entitle me to. As I embark on board the ship
Lord Cochrane on Monday next at Gravesend, the favor of an
immediate answer will greatly oblige, My Lord &c.

(Signed) Jas. Fichat,
Lieut. Eoyal Marines on half pay.

Secords of the Cape Colony. 49

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Nbwlands, nth October 1818.

My dear Lord, — ^Your Lordship's letter of the 12th of May
reached me only this day, and I lose not a moment in assuring
you that it is absolutely impossible that any foreign wines should
have made their way to England from hence as Cape wines. A
very small quantity of foreign cask wine has been imported into
this place, and the strictest watch has been kept upon it, so that
we can account for the disposal of every gallon which has been
imported. The exporter of Cape wine is in the first place com-
pelled by the regulations of the port to make oath before the
Magistrate of the wine he exports being of the growth of the
Colony, but having had intimation that the enemies of the Capd
wine trade had sent some Catalonian wine here for the purpose of
mixing with Cape wines and then shipping such mixed wines for
England as the genuine produce of this Country, I issued in
February last the enclosed Proclamation which has been most
rigidly acted upon since, and was followed up by a subsequent
regulation, a copy of which I also enclose. I have no doubt
but that Your Lordship and the Chancellor of the Exchequer
will coincide with me in opinion that these regulations are as
strong as necessary, and that they must be fully sufficient to
prevent any fraud upon the British Eevenue being successfully
practised.

I am really hurt and alarmed at the thought of any increased
duty being put upon Cape wines. As it is, the price which Cape
wines fetch in the London market does not pay the exporter of
them, they are valuable as a remittance to England in payment of
those manufactures and luxuries which we obtain from thence.
It is not to be expected that they shall compete with Madeira
wines, those who can afford the luxury of Madeira will not sub-
stitute for that delicious though expensive beverage the inferior
produce of this Colony. The proportion now unsold in the
London docks of the quantity exported from hence is no small
proof of the premature fears of the Madeira merchants, and of the
dealers in sweets. But, my Lord, I repeat what I had the honpur

XII. E

50 Records of the Cape Colony.

of before stating to yon : so mnch capital has now been embarked
as well in addition to plantations of vine (not yet come into
bearing) as in the building of capacious cellaring and storehouses
and in the fustage necessary for a permanent export trade, which
has been calculated upon in consequence of the favourable con-
sideration which had been given to our commerce by the British
Legislature, that nothing short of absolute ruin to all concerned
can be anticipated from a change of policy in our regard. The
inhabitants of the interior are at this moment suffering dreadfully
from the consequences of an unprecedented drought which has
caused an immense mortality among their cattle and sheep and
has hitherto prevented any sowing beyond the mountains, and
should this visitation be followed by a stop being put to the wine
trade their misery will be complete. I trust your Lordship will
avert from them so serious a calamity. I take this occasion of
acquainting your Lordship that under your recent instructions I
have advanced within the twelvemonth 193,000 EixdoUars on
account of Commissariat expenditure and shall probably have it
in my power to give additional aid under the same head before
the end of the year ; if the Cape wine trade be stopped I see no
prospect of continuing this assistance, nor do I see any more
feasible mode of turning the prosperity of this place to the
advantage of the mother country than by encouraging a trade
the entire profit of which is remitted to the merchants of Great
Britain.

Just convalescent from a severe illness I avail myself of an
amanuensis in addressing your Lordship, because I would not
delay an instant endeavouring to interest you in a case of such
vital importance to us. 1 remain &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

Records of the Cape Colony.

[Original.]

Return of Troops serving at the Cape of Good Hope on the

25th of October 1818.

Officers of all ranks ....... 130

Sergeants, Trumpeters, Drummers, and Eank and File :

Eoyal Artillery ....... 67

Sappers and Miners ...... 13

60th Foot 755

72nd Foot 867

Eoyal African Corps ...... 526

_ _ ( Cavalry 77

Cape Corps j^f^^^^ ^gg

Prize Negroes

Grand Total 2603
• • • 68

(Signed) C. H. Somerset, General Commanding.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, Ist November 1818.

My Lord, — I have the honor to acknowledge the Eeceipt of
Your Lordship's Letter of the 12th of May last, and with reference
to that part of it which suggests the expediency of furnishing the
Officers of Customs at the Cape with a Collection of the Laws and
Eegulations relating to His Majesty's Eevenue of Customs, I beg
to acquaint your Lordship that the Lords Commissioners of the
Treasury have directed that a Copy of Tickling's Digest of the
Laws of Customs together with one Set of Laws relating thereto
which have been passed subsequently to that Publication should
be transmitted to the Collector and Comptroller of the Customs at
the Cape. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

E 2

52 Becords of the Cape Colony^

[Copy.]
Letter from Major Eogers to Lieutenant Colonel Brereton,

GoYERNMENT HousB, November 1st 1818.

Sir, — ^Tour letter of the 22nd reached me only last night, and I
lost not a moment in transmitting it to His Excellency the Com-
mander of the Forces.

His Excellency desires me in reply to acquaint you that he has
no douht that the uneasiness which has heen created in Cafiferland
by the steps which have been taken to check their system of
depredation has had the effect of causing that jealousy among them
which appears to be manifesting itself in hostilities against the
only chief, Gaika, who has given the Colonists so many marks of
good faith and friendship.

His Excellency had at a former period (as you know) proffered
to Gaika assistance in the event of his being attacked by those
chiefs who should deviate from the engagements entered into at
the Kat Eiver when the conference between the Governor and
Cafifer Chiefs was held in April 1817, and His Excellency con-
siders the application which you have forwarded to come within
the meaning of the arrangements made with Gaika. The bad
faith TSambie has always evinced, the constant protection he has
afforded to the plunderers of Colonial property, his refusal to
restore the Colonial cattle seen in his kraals and demanded by
Major Eraser, and finally his murder of the two privates of the
72nd Eegiment now traced to him, certainly warrant any measure
of active hostilities being taken against him.

His Excellency therefore has no dif&culty in sanctioning your
acting against TSambie and his adherents in conjunction or with
the cognizance of Gaika to such extent as you may feel prudent
under all the circumstances of the Frontiers. But His Excellency
recommends to you the strictest caution, not only that you should
take measures whilst making Gaika acquainted with the interest
His Excellency takes in his affairs to ascertain the real sentiments
and views of that Chief and the actual position of TSambie and
those leagued with him, but that you should be perfectly clear
that there is no bad faith in the message brought you by Eendrik
Nootka.

Records of the Cwpe Colony ^ 53

His Excellency does not believe you can act against TSambie
with eflfect with infantry only, and he deems it essential that you
should be accompanied by an adequate proportion of experienced
Burghers ; the rapidity with which the naked Cafifer moves makes
it impracticable for our dismounted men to come up with him,
and makes it seriously to be regretted that we have no regular
Cavalry to use on occasions similar to the present.

His Excellency thinks your plan of taking the present oppor-
tunity to punish TSambie a very good one; but he doubts the
policy of going into Cafferland for that object, unless due measures
are taken for securing the Colony either in the unexpected event
of a want of success or in the case of an irruption into the Colonial
territory being undertaken by the Caflfers while the main body of
the Troops shall be occupied against that restless Chief. His
Excellency desires therefore explicitly to say, that should your
further communication with Glaika lead you to continue in the
opinion that his cause reqxdres the support and aid which have
been held out to him, and thus induce you to avail yourself of the
authority now given you to chastise TSambie, His Excellency
deems it essential that you should concert with Mr. Van de Graaff
(Deputy Landdrost of Cradock, a subdrostdy in the Graafif Eeinet
district) in order to his taking steps for the protection of the
country on that side, and with Mr. Stockenstrom (Landdrost of
Graafif Eeinet) for his bringing a force to the position he occupied
last January, while His Excellency will direct Colonel Cuyler
(Landdrost of Uitenhage) by this opportunity to lose no time in
collecting at least 200 Burghers at some convenient position
between Graham's Town and Uitenhage to be placed under such
command as you shall judge most advisable, and to be moved in
such manner as circumstances may necessitate. With these pre-
cautions and with a force left for the protection of Bruintjes
Hoogte, either of Burghers or Military (or both) lest the provision
depot (Somerset Farm) there should suflfer. His Excellency has
no doubt but that success must attend any operation conducted
with common prudence into the Cafifer territory.

His Excellency has found by experience that no person has
brought away Gaika's sentiments with more accuracy than Major
Fraser, you will judge therefore whether under the circumstances
which have occurred within the last year it will be prudent to
employ him to consult with that Chief on the present occasion.

54 Records of the Cape Colony.

but if you should deem it altogether inadvisable that he should go
to Gaika at this moment, he will be able to point out the fittest
persons to sound Gaika relative to the actual state of afiairs in
CafiEraria.

. You will undoubtedly have already learnt that the character of
Hendrik Kootka is not one entirely to be depended upon, and it
will also be within your knowledge that Gaika has, in the recent
discussions which have been had with him, contradicted and dis-
avowed the communications made to Major Fraser in his name by
his interpreter Nootka.

His Excellency therefore thinks that it is necessary some person
of great confidence should ascertain from Gaika himself the extent
of the important communication which Nootka has now made to
you, to guard as far as practicable against any deception, treachery,
or misunderstanding ; considering therefore that his Excellency's
sentiments are sufficiently explicit as to the circumstances under
which you are authorized to enter Cafiferland, His Excellency now
desires me to add that in the event of your attacking TSambie it
will be essential that your measures be prompt and decisive, so
that his escape from you if you can come up with him shall be
impracticable. The object you are to bear in view is the future
tranquillity of this Border. Thus having defeated and overpowered
TSambie, it wiQ be advisable to take that opportunity to do away
the feelings which appear to prevail among some of the Cafifers
that a large proportion of cattle brought from Cafifraria in January
last belonged to adherents of Gaika. You will therefore, should
a considerable quantity of the cattle of TSambie and his adherents
fall into your power, restore to the claimants on that occasion a
proportion equal to their losses, provided that such claimants shall
not have adhered to TSambie on the present occasion. His
Excellency thinks that the Colonial sufferers should next be in-
demnified, and that even in the case of an arrangement being
entered into with TSambie arising out of his own unqualified
submission, both these sacrifices should be insisted upon and his
removal from the kraals he now occupies further from the Colonial
Border stipulated for. This latter measure will be enforced should
you be induced from other circumstances to attack and dislodge
that Chief.

When this shall be completed, it will be advisable that you
assemble as many Chiefs as you can collect, and explain to Gaika

Records of the Cape Colony. 55

in their presence what has been effected through friendship to
him^ and assure him that this friendship and support will be
continued to him and to the whole of the Caffer Chiefs so long as
the Colonial Territory shall be left unmolested ; but that as soon
as a repetition of the plunder and murders takes place, His
Excellency will forthwith direct an invasion of the Caffer Terri-
tory for the punishment of such Chiefs as shall have been found
to have transgressed. His Excellency is persuaded that it is
useless to add that you will be accompanied with such supplies
both for the Military and Burghers as will render it impossible
that your operations shall be at all cramped on that account.

A communication has been, by this opportunity, made to
Lieut. Colonel Cuyler (as stated to you to be the intention), but
it is left to you to address Messrs. Stockenstrom and Van de Graaff
with the least possible delay. I have &c.

(Signed) G. J. Eogers, Military Secretary,

[Original.]

Memorial of the London Missionary Society.

To the Eight Honourable Earl Bathurst, one of His Majesty's

Principal Secretaries of State.

The Humble Memorial of the Treasurer, Secretary, and the
Directors of the London Missionary Society.

May it please your Lordship, — The Directors of the London
Missionary Society established in the year 1795 being about to
send out two of their Co-Directors, ministers of the Gospel, to
arrange and superintend the affairs of their numerous stations in
South Africa, in which many Hottentots and other African tribes
are now instructed in the Christian Eeligion and in the arts of
civilization, beg leave to solicit the attention of your Lordship for
a few moments, and to request the favour and patronage of your
Lordship towards undertakings which they humbly conceive are
powerfully conducive to the peace and welfare of the Colony and
surrounding countries.

The Eevd. Dr. Philip, late of Aberdeen, and the Eevd. John
Campbell of Ejngsland are about to proceed to the Cape, and

56 Records of the Cape Colony.

expect to embark in a few days for the purposes above men-
tioned; the former intends to reside at Cape Town, at least for
a few years, and it is the humble request of the Society that he
may be permitted freely to exercise his ministry in that Town, as
the Ministers of Scotland and Dissenting ministers are allowed
under the Toleration Act to proceed in this country, and
particularly that he may have free liberty to preach to the Slaves
of whom there are more than ten thousand, besides Mahometans,
who are there rapidly making Proselytes : at present very little
instruction is afforded to the Slaves. Your Memorialists can with
the fullest confidence recommend Dr. Philip as a gentleman of
piety and prudence, well affected to his Majesty's Government,
and whose whole conduct they are persuaded will recommend him
to the Government of the Colony, If your Lordship will con-
descend to write to His Excellency the Governor recommending
that Dr. Philip may enjoy the liberty proposed, and that the same
liberty may be granted to the Eevd. George Thom who has long
resided there, and to the Eevd. John Campbell, while he shall
continue there, it will be accounted a singular favour. Will your
Lordship be pleased to renew on this occasion the favour of
writing to the Governor, recommending the Missionaries generally,
as was done in a former instance to Sir John Cradock when
Governor, and which encouraged that gentleman to render much
service to the Missionaodes by granting Land &c. at the place
called (by him) Theopolis, and which is now in a flourishing
condition. Your Memorialists humbly trust that similar favours
will again be bestowed as occasion may require.

Your Memorialists beg leave also to solicit your Lordship's
attention to a few subjects closely connected with the successful
progress of their endeavours to introduce the blessings of
Christianity and civilization among the Natives of that country ;
they refer to the Baptism and Marriage of the Native Converts as
administered by the Missionaries, which they humbly request may
be held valid and legal, whether performed within or beyond the
Colony, in the same manner, as if the baptisms and Marriages had
been performed by the Dutch Clergy, this having been refused
in some instances to the great inconvenience of the parties
concerned.

Your Memorialists have further to entreat your Lordship's
favorable interposition in order that such Missionaries as are sent

Eecards of the Cape Colony. 57

out by this Society to places beyond the limit of the Colony may
be allowed to proceed to them, a permission the refusal of
which they have had to regret in the case of some of the
missionaries who were sent out at a great expense to the Society
for Namaqualand &c. They have had further to lament that
several of their Missionaries have been ordered back from their
Stations when they had reached them. Your Memorialists con-
ceive that the peace of the Colony would be promoted by the
residence of the Missionaries and the civilization of the Natives,
in the countries bordering on the Colony, in which the Society has
now several stations.

Your Memorialists further beg leave to request the favour of
a personal confereuce with your Lordship on the subjects of this
Memorial and at as early an opportunity as may consist with
your Lordship's convenience.

And your Memorialists will ever pray,

(Signed) Wm. Alers Hankey, Treasurer,

Geo. G. Burder, Secretary.

HiBBiONABT Booms, Old Jewbt, Srd Noven^ber 1818.

[Copy.]

Extracts of a Letter from Brevet Major Eogers to Major
General Sir Henry Torrens, dated lOth November 1818.

I do myself the pleasure, because I think it will prove satis*
factory to you, to forward herewith copies of the General Orders
issued here, immediately after the arrival and landing of the 38th
Begiment (the 3rd Inst.) for transferring the well conducted men
of the 60th Eegiment to the Eoyal African Corps, which measure
has been most satisfactorily executed, and " 5 Serjeants, 5
corporals, and 215 privates, all reported (conscientiously) to be
fit for any regiment in His Majesty's Service, have been embarked
and are now under weigh to proceed to join your regiment on the
Frontiers."

It has been contrived to make the arrangement so agreeable to
the parties that after a proper explanation to them they were
much pleased, and certainly no set of men ever behaved so well

58 Records of the Cape Colony,

as they did, there not being the most distant appearance of
drunkenness or disorder in any one of the men on their embarka-
tion, but on the contrary great cheering and exultation.

Lt. Colonel Brereton has received an authority to transfer to
the 60th 90 men of a very bad description, and these consequently
will be left in the 60th (with the exception of the foreigners who
are in general very well behaved men), a set of the most desperate
villains and worthless thieves and vagabonds that ever disgraced
any country in the world. This gang will amount to about
350 men.

[Copy.]
Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the Eeverend Mr. Thom.

CoLomAL Office, 12ih November 1818.

Sib, — I have not failed to take the earliest opportunity of
communicating to His Excellency the Governor the certificate you
put into my hands of your having dissolved your connection with
the Missionary Society, and at the same time I laid before His
Excellency the attestations of the Eevd. Mr. Vos, the Eevd. Mr.
Manger, the Eevd. Mr. Faure, Jand the Eevd. Mr. Kicherer of
your doctrines as an ordained Minister of the Scotch Presbyterian
Church being in all respects similar to those of the Eeformed
Communion of this place. Anxious as His Excellency has been
to supply the Establishments of this Colony with regular Ministers
of the Eeformed religion, His Excellency would not have hesitated
following the precedent made by Lieut. Governor EaflBes in Java,
at the recommendation of Professor Eoss, senior Minister of the
Dutch Eeformed Church in that Island, of appointing to the
vacant missions persons ha\ing similar letters of ordination to
those you bear, and who should be unconnected with those
Societies whose claims upon their time and labours might inter-
fere with the duties imposed upon them by the Church Eegulations
in force in the Settlement, even without such attestations as to
the nature of their faith and the validity of their letters of ordina-
tion as you have procured from four of the very respectable
Clergymen of this place ; but strengthened by such testimonials,
and being very favourably impressed with respect to your moral

Records of the Cape Colony, 59

character and conduct, His Excellency has sincere pleasure in
availing himself of your oflTer of service, to nominate you to the
vacant clerical Establishment of Caledon, requiring only from you,
previous to his notifying the intended arrangement, that you
signify to him in writing your assent to the Church regulations
of this Colony which were issued by Commissary De Mist, and to
the different forms and local rules which obtain in this Settlement
as far as the particular branch of the Eeformed Church to which
you are called to be a Minister is concerned.

His Excellency will also wish to be explicit with you on
another point, a point he fears less attended to in the Colony than
it ought to be. He means the instruction of the Black part of the
Community; it being His Excellency's sincere wish that the
Members of your Church may be led, by all the persuasion of
which you may be master, to encourage their dependants and
slaves to embrace the principles of the Christian faith, and to
control their instructions therein. There is a wide scope for your
charitable exertions in this field, but there is a particular and
much to be lamented class within the boundaries of the Caledon
Establishment which will demand your greatest attention. I
mean the unfortunate Lepers, who are confined to narrow limits
near the sea side.

The Colonial Government has used its best endeavours to
alleviate the sufferings of these unfortunate objects, who are fed,
clothed, housed, and furnished with the best medical assistance at
the public expense, but it would be highly gratifying if there were
means of affording them also religious instruction. His Excellency
will wish you to extend your exertions to this quarter, and if you
think it vdll be practically useful His Excellency will not object
to the expense of fixing a Catechist there for the purpose of their
constant religious instruction.

His Excellency begs me to recommend to you the most cordial
communication with the Missionaries at Genaden Dahl, the
objects they have in view and their mode of effecting them having
been the subject of much consideration. His Excellency antici-
pates firom your communication with these deserving men and the
interest the class of Hottentots will therefrom see that our public
Ministers take in their welfare, that their confidence will increase,
and with it that their labour will be spread beyond the narrow
confines of the Bavians Elloof. His Excellency desires me to

60 Records of the Cape Colony.

remind you that the law of the Colony gives to all denominations

of Christians, without distinction, similar rights and equal

privileges. I have &c.

(Signed) C. Bird.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

Loin>oir, 16^ Novemher 1818.

My Lord, — ^This letter wiU be delivered to your Lordship by
Etienne Bonges whom I have permitted to proceed to St. Helena
as Servant to Count Bertrand, and I request you to take the
necessary Measures for forwarding him to his destination.

I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Copy.]

Extracts from, a Private Letter from Lt. General Lord Charles
Somerset to Major General Sir H. Torrens, dated Cape
of Good Hope, nth November 1818.

I was sorely and seriously disappointed at the strength of tho
38th Eegiment, which is so greatly weaker than the 60th. I have
abeady said as much officially relative to the inadequacy of the
Military Force on this station as I conceive would be thought
respectful, but opportunities may be afforded to you to move the
Duke to urge those who fix the quantum of Force for each station
to afford a more competent force to this one. The removal of the
cavalry from hence was the first and main blow here, as it necessi-
tates so much greater a force of Infantry on the Frontier, where
Infantry cannot, from the nature of the depredators of the
country, act with that utility that cavalry could. The latter
would in two or three years put a total stop to the incursions of
our savage neighbours. The country (which is the finest in the
world) would then become populous, and that population would
ere long be able to defend itself, and then, but not till then, could

.Records of the Cape Colony,

this Settlement afford to be garrisoned by the small force at
present here.

The 38th and 72nd at Cape Town, Simons Town, and the
vicinity of this place, are literally not adequate to the indispen-
sable duties. I fear for the health of the men, it must break in
upon their military habits and destroy all their energy, and unless
it is in contemplation to strengthen us by another Segiment we
have a prospect of becoming weaker and weaker. The periods of
the services of the men are daily expiring, and others dying and
becoming unfit for service. I have said enough and more than
enough on this subject to convince you and those whom I have
addressed of the importance of it. I only hope that if the men
become sickly or that if the Begiments decline (as they must do)
in smartness, discipline, or spirit, the cause will not be laid at my
door. If I did not think that it would give offence, I would solicit
an increase of Force by every ship that sailed from England, so
much am I convinced that evil consequences will arise from the
want of it.

[Original.]

Return of Troops serving at the Cape of Good Hope on the

25th of November 1818.

Officers of all ranks .«.•••• 168
Sergeants, Trumpeters, Drummers, and Eank and File :

Koyal Artillery 66

Boyal Engineers •••••• 13

38thEegiment 775

eOthEegiment 577

72nd Eegiment ♦....•. 869

Eoyal African Corps (Grahams Town) . . . 705

_, ^ (Cavalry (Cape Town) .... 71

C^P® ^^T^« Infantry (Grahams Town) ... 156

Grand Total 3400
Prize Negroes 68

(Signed) C. H. Somebset, General Commanding.

62 , Records of the Cape Colony,

[Copy.J

Proclamation hy Lord Charles Somerset.

Whereas the peculiar circumstances of those parts of the
Districts of Graaflf Eeynet and Tulbagh, known by the names of
the Ghoup and Nieuwveld, have rendered it necessary and expedient
that they should be placed more immediately under the eye and
control of the local Magistracy, than the great distance from the
Seats of the Landdrosts to whom they are now attached admits : —
And whereas it is become highly necessary, that such Eegulations
should be enforced on that part of the Frontier, as shall effectually
prevent those misimderstandings with the Tribes adjoining to, or
in the vicinity of, the Colonial Territory, and with the numerous
and encreasing class of Bastaards, which have led to the most
inexcusable excesses :

I have therefore, by virtue of the power and authority in me
vested, thought proper to order and direct, as is hereby ordered
and directed, viz.

1. There shall be a Subdrostdy formed from those parts of the
Districts of Graaff-Eeynet and Tulbagh, known by the names of
the Ghoup, Nieuwveld and Zwarteberg, according to the following
boundaries, viz.

North — The known boundary of the Colony.

East — ^A line drawn from the Pramberg, to the spot where the
Kajdeka (or Kriega) Eiver toucheis the North point of the Winter-
berg, and the said Karieka or Kriega ^Eiver, from thence to its
course through the chain of the Zwartebergen.

South — The ridge of mountains known by the name of the
Zwarteberg in Graaff Eeynet, including the Baviaans Kloof.

West — A direct liiie from the late Missionary Institution on
the Sack Eiver, to the spot where the Dwika Eiver cuts through
the Ghoup's Tafelberg, and from thence the course of the said
Dwika Eiver to where it joins the Southern boundary.

2. The Subdrostdy shall provisionally be attached to the Graaflf
Eeynet District : it shall be known by the name of the Beaufort
District.

3. A Deputy Landdrost, Clergyman, and Secretary, with the
usual number of inferior Officers, shall be forthwith appointed fur

Records of the Cape Colony. 63

the interior duties of this District, who will be guided by the
existing Colonial Begulations, in as far as they relate to their
several functions, subject to such modifications as the peculiar
nature of this Frontier District shall appear to require, as shall
hereafter be directed through the usual channels.

4. The Opstal of the Place formerly called the Hooy Vlakte,
having been purchased for this purpose, the residence of the
public Functionaries will be established there, and Erven, from
time to time, be disposed of as the Inhabitants of the New Town
shall be deemed to require.

5. Until such time as proper persons shall be recommended to
fill the situations of Heemraden in the Kew District, and thus
until such time as the usual Board of Landdrost and Heemraden,
and Matrimonial Court, can be regularly formed, the Deputy
Landdrost, Clergyman, and Secretary, shall form a temporary
Matrimonial Court, guiding themselves by the known Eegulations
of Matrimonial Courts ; but this temporary Court shall not take
cognizance of any other matters whatever, but such as relate to
the Marriages which shall take place in this District.

6. The Commission of Circuit shall visit this District in their
annual progress, and hold a Session there for the trial of such
Criminal and Civil Causes, as are of its cognizance.

7. The Landdrost of Graaflf-Eeynet, accompanied by one Heem-
raad, shall likewise visit this District, at least once a year, and
that, as near as circumstances will permit, six months after the
Court of Circuit shall have been there, when the said Landdrost
with the Deputy Landdrost and Heemraad, shall form a Court for
the trial of such Criminal Cases as are cognizable by the Courts of
Landdrost and Heemraden, under the Proclamation of the 18th
July, 1817, and of such Civil Cases as are of the competence of
those Courts to decide upon.

8. The Deputy Landdrost, together with the Clergyman, shall
as soon as possible, recommend for my approbation, a proper and
experienced Person or Persons to reside at the Klip (or Kook)
Fontein, for the purpose of inviting the wandering Bosjesmen or
Bastaards to settle there, and receive instruction in the principles
of Christianity.

9. The Deputy Landdrost shall also, as soon as practicable, take
measures for establishing a Market at the said Klip (or Kook)
Fontein, or such other spot within the Beaufort District, as shall

64 Records of the Cape Colony,

be found most eligible for this purpose ; and he shall take every
possible measure to invite and entice the neighbouring tribes of
Briquas, Boshuanas, or Bastaards, to come to the same periodically,
with such cattle or eflfects as they may wish to dispose of; and he
shall also invite Hawkers and others to attend these Markets,
taking however the greatest care to have every transaction
regularly entered, and using the strongest precautions for the
security and protection of the People who shall come into our
Territory on these occasions. The strict Eegulations relative to
the Hawkers now existing must on no account be relaxed in the
New District.

And that no person may plead ignorance hereof, this shall be
published and affixed in the usual manner.

God save the King !

Given under my Hand and Seal, at the Gape of Good Hope»
this 27th day of November, 1818.

(Signed) C. H. Somerset.

[Original.]
Letter from the Fiscal to the Colonial Secretary.

Fiboal'b Offiob, 28^ Noffeaber 1818.

Sir, — In compliance with His Excellency the Governor's
directions, which you were pleased to communicate to me,
respecting the pretended statement of certain Negroes, whose
names are (xalant, May, Alexander, Captain, and November, in a
Petition, the original of which has been enclosed in a despatch
from His Excellency the Earl Bathurst dated the 24th January
last, I have the honor for the information of His Excellency to
report: that upon my perusal of the said Petition I soon
discovered it to have been framed in the spirit of the late
anonymous communications to which my private letter of the
30th December 1816 addressed to you, relates, and that the same
may be justly considered to be a continuation of the said
communications, framed by the same authors, and tending to
promote the same objects.

I therefore humbly beg leave to refer to my said letter in as
much as my explanation of circumstances contained therein will

Secards of the Cape CoUmy^ 65

render it needless to dwell again upon the circumstances which
have abeady to the satisfaction of His Excellency the Governor,
and I venture to say also to the satisfaction of His Excellency the
Earl Bathurst, been explained by me.

The Petition now before me is not anonymous, as were the late
communications. For not only has the Petition been sealed with
a seal bearing the initials F. S. and written in the very well known
hand-writing of Francis Shortt, but the names of Francis Shortt and
James Callander also distinctly and unreservedly appear annexed
to the Signature of the Negroes, whose uncultivated minds and
understandings, having been imequal to the task of drawing up,
nay even of suggesting the Materials, or understanding the
contents of the said Petition, it may be thence inferred that it is
no longer doubtful but that Francis Shortt and James OaUander
who from a variety of circumstances have appeared to me to be
the Authors of the anonymous communications, and who, in a
letter to the Chief Justice bearing date the 11th December 1816,
professed themselves the humble instruments under Divine
Providence of already procuring the Sentence of Freedom
pronounced on the 20th September 1816 in regard to four of the
Petitioners, ought also to be considered as the sole source from
whence the Petition, said to proceed from the five Negroes,
originally issued.

Before I proceed to the refutation of the gross, and obviously
malicious misrepresentations, contained in this Petition, it will bo
requisite first to call to your recollection my statement of facts
verbally quoted from my letter of the SOth December 1816 : " It
remains for me to add that in open defiance of the regulations
established in this Colony respecting Free blacks and all other
Persons not permitted by the Governor to remain in this Settle*
ment and who are placed under the immediate controul and
superintendence of the Fiscal, and in defiance of His Excellency's
special directions with regard to the re-indenturing of the late
Mr. Tennant's apprentices, Mr. James Callander and Mr. Francis
Shortt have presumed to take under their private protection and
care four of these apprentices declared Buch by sentence of the
Worshipful Court of Justice of the 20th September last, as also
one not declared to be an apprentice who in consequence must
remain in the state of slavery imtil it may be otherwise decided in
Appeal. These five Mozambique Negroes they have harboured

XII. F

66 Records af the Cape Colony.

under their private roofs, and in contempt of my official authority
declined to obey my summons for their remaining under my
official protection and care; while these Persons have been
taught by Mr. Callander and Mr. Shortt totally to withdraw from
my authority and to imbibe and entertain ideas of such uncurbed
liberty and freedom as no Hottentot or Free Person of Colour ever
enjoyed in this Colony, so that in order to preyent the dreadful
consequences which the total neglect of the public authorities
established here must unavoidably lead to, I was obliged to avail
myself of the warrants which I had obtained from His Excellency
the Gk>vemor to enter their Houses and enforce their obedience to
the Laws.

'' I therefore on the 9th instant according to Law, accompanied
by a Comnussion from the Worshipful the Court of Justice,
entered the Houses in which Mr. James Callander and Mr.
F. Shortt reside, and desired them both to deliver over the
apprentices under their care as also the Negro May who still
remains as a slave, to my official protection and care, the conse-
quence of which was that two of the apprentices, Galant and
Alexander, and the Negro May were found in the house of Mr.
F. Shortt, from which I sent them to the Trunk, the only place
allotted for the custody of lodging of Persons not having their
abode elsewhere in this Colony, but as none of the Apprentices
were found in the House of Mr. James Callander, he thought it
expedient to send November and Captain the following morning
to my office, leaving me to dispose in their behalf as I should
think right and just, which I have done by allowing them, at
their ovm request provisionally, until I should adopt some other
measure respecting them, to return to the place of Mr. B. Beck,
where the wife of Captain lives and where these two Apprentices
dedared that they had planted gardens for themselves, while with
regard to the Apprentices Galant and Alexander I have placed
these under the special care of the Bookkeeper of the Government
Granary as Apprentices, there to be maintained at the expense of
Government. As to the Negro May, who still remains in the
state of Slavery, I have returned him into the care of his Master,
Mr. J. Louw, since which I have learnt that he the day following
again clandestinely left the service of his said Master.

" Thus far I have traced the course of my inquiries and further
circumstances which took place respecting the late Mr. Tennant's

S/eaorda of t/n Cape Cohny. 67

Apprentioefl, to which the extracts of the anonymous eommnnicap
tiou enclosed in your letter of the 7th XJltimo relate."

As I have nothing to alter in this statement, I now beg leave
to continue the same with a short relation of facts which afberwards
happened, and for the elucidation of the circumstances that may
occur in this relation, to refer to the annexures of this report.

In the month of December 1816 a Decree from the Worshipfal
Court of Justice, passed on the 12 th of said month, was forwarded
to me, by which I was required to report in the Court upon the
circumstances stated in a certain Memorial of Francis Shortt
presented to the Court, requesting the Court to order the release
of the Negroes Galant, Alexander, and May, as also upon the
circumstances stated in a letter of Francis Shortt and James
Callander bearing date the 11th December 1816 addressed to the
Chief Justice (the same I hinted at at the commencement of this
report), which latter document appeared to the Court to be so
highly indecorous and insulting that I was desired in the sfdd
decree to proceed on it, as I in my official capacity might think
requisite.

I did not fail in compliance with the said requisition, to send
in my report, upon the receipt of which the Worshipful Court was
pleased by a decree passed on the 13th February 1817 to require
my taking the evidences of the Negroes Galant, Alexander, and
May respecting the treatment they had received in the Prison, and
then again to report to the Court, which accordingly I did. Upon
my bringing in the second report I on the 13th March 1817 was
honored with the Court's Decree signifying to me the Worshipful
Court's acquiescenee in my conduct, and further that it was the
WorshipM Court's pleasure that the letter of the 11th December
should be proceeded upon according to the Court's Decree of the
12th December 1816, and finally rejecting the prayer of Mr.
Shortt's Memorial

During the interval, I had instituted Criminal Proceedings
against Mr. F. Shortt and Mr. J. Callander, whom I considered
guilty, Hr. Shortt of having illegally harboured the Negroes
Alexander, Galant, May, Captain, and November, the same whose
names are subscribed in the well known hand of Mr. Shortt to the
petition to His Excellency the Earl Bathurst, and Mr. Callander
of having illegally harboured two of them, viz. the Negroes
Captain and November. These proceedings were carried on by

F 2

58 Recorde of the Cape Colony^

me on the 13th and 14th January 1817 hefore the Sitting
Commissioners in whose jurisdiction it lies according to the
existing regulations to take cognizance of minor offences, whilst
at the same time I was pursuing an investigation with regard to
Mr. James Callander on the more important charge of having
framed and published several libellous writings, all relating to
the affair of the late Mr. Tennant's Apprentices, and tending
atrociously to injure the Worshipful Court of Justice, the Fiscal,
and private individuals residing in this Colony.

Mr. James CaUander was on the 27th January 1817 by sentence
of the Sitting Commissioners acquitted of my charge respecting
the illicit harbouring of the Kegroes Captain and November then
preferred against him, but Mr. F. Shortt, who was proved to have
in open defiance of the Law and of my special injunctions,
harboured the five before-mentioned Negroes, was on the 14th
January 1817 by sentence of the Sitting Commissioners condemned
in a fine of two thousand Eixdollars, and to two months imprison-
ment.

This condemnation however he appealed from to the full Court,
the consequence of which has been that by the sentence of the
full Court dated the 24th April 1817 the Fine of Eds. 2000 was
mitigated to Eds. 500, but the remainder of the sentence of the
Sitting Commissioners confirmed. This sentence Mr. Shortt
thought proper again to appeal from to the Eight Honorable the
Court of Appeals for Criminal Affairs, the result of which however
has been that the Court's condemnation was confirmed by decree
of the Eight Honorable Court passed on the 28th November
1817.

Mr. Shortt's turbulent and highly provoking conduct^ by which
he had made himself subject to my prosecution, compelled me
after the receipt of the Worshipful Court's decree of the 13th
March 1817 (for imtil that time I had deferred proceedings) to
commence a prosecution against him on the combined charges of
having framed and published defamatory libels, and of having
treated the high authority of His Excellency the Governor with
contempt, whidi charges as the same related to the letter of the
11th December 1818 as also to the contents of a certain memorial
of Mr. Francis Shortt addressed to His Excellency the Governor
respecting my official conduct in the cases of the late Mr.
Tennant's Apprentices, and to the high contempt, with which he

Becards of the Cape Colony. 69

•had thought proper to treat His Excellency the Gtovemor's Search-
Warrant through which I was enabled to compel him to the
delivery of the Negroes Gkdant, Alexander, and May to my ofi&cial
care, I cannot suflfer to pass unnoticed. The Proceedings in this
case, as also in the case of Mr. James Callander charged by me
with a similar oflfence, I was obliged on account of their apparent
enormity in the first instance to carry on before the full Court,
which by a sentence passed on the 26th February last declared
Mr, F. Shortt guilty of composing, writing, and publishing
defamatory libels, as also of having atrociously offended and
treated with contempt the High Authority of His Excellency the
Governor and Commander in Chief, for which offences the
Worshipful Court condemned him to be banished from this
Colony for ever. The Worshipful Court moreover declared Mr.
Shortt guilty of having in the Court made use of highly offensive
and defamatory expressions with allusion to me, and consequently
condemned him further in a fine of Bds. 50 and to be confined in
the Public Prison at his own expense until an opportunity should
offer for his leaving this Settlement.

Mr. F. Shortt thought proper to appeal from this condemnation
to the Eight Honorable Court of Appeals for Criminal Affairs,
but this Appeal has not been attended with any success on his
part, the condemnation having been confirmed by decree of the
Right Honorable Court of Appeals of the 30th May 1818.

In justice to Mr. Shortt's conduct I cannot omit observing that
from the date of his condemnation he has given the most un-
equivocal marks of his contrition, and thereby conciliated the
minds of those he had before made the objects of his flagrant
insults ; the consequence of which has proved highly beneficial
to himself, as he succeeded in obtaining His Excellency the
Governor's gracious remission of the pimishment he had incurred,
under certain conditions, however, which the Public Security
seemed to require.

On the 16th April last Mr. James Callander was by sentence
of the Worshipful Court of Justice declared guilty of composing
and publishing defamatory libels, whereby he did not only
atrociously injure the Worshipful Court, but also the ex officio
Prosecutor, and private individuals, and consequently was con-
demned in a fine of fifty Bixdollars to be paid to the fund of the
Bible and School Commission, and to a confinement of three

70 Record^ of the Cape Colony,

months in the Public Prison. This condemnation Mr. Callander
did not appeal from.

Independently of the several Memorials, Petitions, and Letteis
which have been framed to serve the purposes of Messrs. Shoitt
and Callander respecting the late Mr. Tennant's Apprentices, they
had recourse to other means for securing the success of their
machinations. During some time they were employed in
endeavouring to prejudice the minds of some of these Apprentices
against the measures of Qovemment, and to make them believe
that, under the deceitful mask of protection, it was the intention
of Government, or at least my intention, to enslave them during
their whole lives. Thus having influenced the minds of some of
these Negroes^ they professed themselves ready to protect them,
and to defend the cause of their fr^eedom, even against
Government.

It is not to be surprised at that the credulous and unsuspecting
Negroes allowed themselves to be led astray by the fair promises
of their pretended patrons, and that they were easily prevailed
upon to put their handmarks underneath every Document which
they were desired to subscribe, without even knowing what the
same contained. Several instances of that nature have appeared
to me in the course of my late investigations, which however it is
not requisite here to mention. Suffice it to say that the greater
part of them have been produced in the Worshipful Court of
Justice in my Criminal Proceedings against Mr. Philip Landon.
The annexures Nos. 3 & 4 of the Petition now before me, as also
the Petition itself, are among that number, supposing the five
handmarks underneath the same* to be the true handmarks of the
Negroes, a circumstance which November and Captain seem to
have no recollection oi^ and which may be considered at least
doubtful

As from the ignorance of the Negroes and the informations
which from time to time I was enabled to collect, I at the perusal
of the Petition was in my own mind convinced they could not
know its tenor or contents, I caused my Chief Clerk to take their
judicial evidence before the Sitting Commissioner on such Points
as I suggested to him, with the view of thereby bringing to light
the malice of the Authors of the said Petition.

The replies they have given to the few questions proposed to
them will, I trust, sufficiently show how wfell they are satisfied

JBeeards of the Cape Colony. 71

Dtath their present situation, and how little reliance can be placed
in the truth of such Petitions as ill designing Persons have availed
themselves of the opportunity of framing in their name.

In fact the situation in which the said Negroes are cannot be
considered but in the most favorable light. Not through the
exertions of Messrs. Francis Shortt and James Callander, as these
two Persons have vainly boasted, but I humbly venture to say
through my offidal exertions they have been relieved from the
Bonds of Slavery, in which they were illegally detained. One of
them, the N^ro May, not having been declared free in the
Worshipful Court's decree of the 20th September 1816, I have
appealed on behalf of him and three other Negroes to the Bight
Honorable Court of Appeals for Civil Affairs, from which I on
the 28th November 1817 obtained the Decree of his freedom.
There is not one of these Negroes who does not feel himself
happy under the care of a good and humane Master, where he
enjoys all the advantages of a mild and proper treatment and is
in want of nothing. At the expiration of their seven years'
apprenticeship, which takes date from the 20th April 1815, or in
case of inability to serve, they will become entitled to the benefit
of the Apprentice-Fund established on behalf of the late Mr.
Tennant's Apprentices, from which all other Negro-Apprentices
indentured in this Colony are excluded. Whenever the service
of their Masters does not suffer under it, they may occasionally
earn something, and their Masters are bound moreover to make
them a certain allowance (two shillings Colonial Currency every
week) for their own private comforts. Such is the fate of those
that are called in the Petition His Excellency's unhappy
Memoriaiists.

I trust it will be needless to repeat what have been the reasons
which induced His Excellency the Governor to approve of the
reindenturing of the late Mr. Tennant's apprentices, to whose
number they belong, these reasons I have explained in my letter
of the 30th December 1816, to which I therefore humbly beg leave
to refer.

After the explanation of the facets contained in my above state-
ment, and in the annexures of the same, as also in my letter of
the 30th December 1816, 1 may with silence pass over the greater
part of the Petition, the malice and impropriety of which will
sufficiently have appeared to His Excellency by a comparison of

72 Records of the Cape Colmiy^

the same with the real circumstances of the case which I have laid
before you.

From the replies of the five Negroes in whose names the Petition
has been presented to His Excellency the Earl Bathurst, to the
queries which have been proposed to them, it will be obvious to
His Excellency that no part of the contents of the Petition in
question has been made known to them, but that three of them
only have been taught to believe that such a Document as they
were called on by Mr. Shortt to sign with a cross was requisite to
secure their freedom. It therefore cannot be of any avail what
has on their account, though utterly unknown to them, been stated
in the Petition respecting four of their companions said to have
been stolen froili Bobben Island by boats belonging to a Whale
Fishery, smuggled into Cape Town, and sold as Slaves.

Most likely Mr. Shortt has been induced to put this Statement
down in the Petition from the circumstance of my not having
appealed from the Worshipful Court's Decree of the 20th Sep-
tember 1816 on behalf of four Negroes who could not be proved
to have been among the number of those manumitted by the late
Mr. Tennant on the 16th April 1808, supposing this to be the
case, then I humbly beg leave to refer to my report of the 11th
November 1816, in which I have explained to you my reasons for
not appealing on their behalf.

If however I am mistaken in this supposition, then, what other
inference can be drawn from Mr. F. Shortt*s conduct respecting
these four companions of his pretended Petitioners, but that he
either fabricated the whole story or otherwise intentionally con-
cealed from this Gk)vemment the circumstances known to him
respecting four more of the late Mr. Tennant's emancipated
Negroes, and consequently was, and still remains, the sole cause
of the continuation of their illegal Slavery.

All that has been stated respecting Mr. S. Beck and the other
Masters of the pretended five Petitioners as also respecting the
oflScial conduct of the Worshipful Court of Justice in examining
witnesses with closed doors, and respecting my own of&cial con-
duct, has been replied to in my letter of the 30th December 1817
and in the annexures Nos. 4 and 6.

As no complaint of ill-treatment has ever been preferred to me
by the Negro May or any of his companions against their late
Masters, and as I have not been able to discover that any of these

Becords of the Cape Colon;/. 73

NegroM, when in the state of Slavery, ever have received a
domeatic punishment in the Priaon, I leave it to the Authora of
the Petition to substantiate their statement that the five Negroes
were threatened with Impriaonment and corporal punishment, and
that the Negro May had been actually flogged in the Prison ; nor
do I think it requisite to refute the allegations that the five
Negroes should have been by me positively interdicted from
speaking to, or going to the houses of, Messrs. Shortt and
Callander ; for although in my opinion the mala fide instigations
and dangerous advices of these two persons made them utterly
unqualified to have any of the late Mr. Tennant's Apprentices in
their service as Apprentices, yet it must be obvious that I could
not interdict nor have any interest in interdicting all intercourse
between them and the said apprentices, since it was not my inten-
tioa unnecessarily to curtail the freedom which they had acquired,
but to provide for them in a manner most suitable to their wants
and inclinations, which I was assured would render ineffectual all
the efforts of Messrs. Shortt and Callander to make them dis-
satisiied with their present situation. Let the replies of these
Negroes to my queries decide how just has been my expectation,
and how deceitful, oq the contrary, is the false statement which
has been made in the Petition ; That the Dea}-ee of Freedom thus
rendered nugatort/ had destroyed the health of the Negro November,
■who e?itertaiiied no hope of Iming to experience any advantage from
his humble application, as also that superadded to the other mis-
fort unes of the five Negroes they had not been provided mth sufficient
food, being deprived of all means of getting money. Indeed the
situation in which Mr. Shortt is placed is alone sufficient to show
to His Excellency what might have been the consequence to these
Negroes in case they had been left to themselves ; for supposing
they had continued to hire themselves out to Mr. Shortt for Eds.
20 monthly wages, supposing also they had made some expendi-
tures proportioned to their wages, the consequence is obvious, they,
like tbeir Master, soon would have experienced the misfortune of
the state of insolvency ; as even those wages which have become
due have been left unpaid by Mr. Shortt, whose estate, it is
known, has become insolvent, and still remains under the adminis-
tration of the Insolvent Estates Chamber.

After these elucidations I need not dwell on the lat, 2ud, 4th
and last parts of the pi'nyor of the Petition, for 1 am humbly

74 Mecords of the Gape Colony,

confident that £rom the same it will appear to His Excellency the
Earl Bathurst :

Ist. That in their present state of Apprenticeship the five
pretended Petitioners are free in fact, as well as on paper, and that
a more unrestrained freedom, far from being beneficial to them,
would likely have rendered them a burthen to themselves, and
perhaps to the Public.

2nd. That the four companions of these Negroes are by no
means proved to be either in the State of Slavery or of Freedom,
or entitled to the state of Freedom, and that the statement con-
cerning them whether true or not is utterly imknown to the
Negroes.

4th. That the pretended Petitioners do not wish to be in the
service of any other but their present Masters.

And 6th. That the mere act of buying and selling Negroes as
Slaves, without any wilful and malicious intention to transgress
the Laws, cannot make the bona fide Buyers and Sellers of such
Negroes subject to any Prosecution, and consequently that the
bona fide Buyers and Sellers of these Negroes, who have been dis-
posed of as Slaves by their late Portuguese Master Guedes (the
only one who has appeared to me guilty of the crime called in the
CiYil Law Plagium) cannot be criminally prosecuted by me.

Bespecting the third part of the Prayer of the Petition contained
in these words : 3rd that enquiry may be &^ I beg leave to remark
that the same is founded in the very superficial and imperfect
informations which Messrs. Shortt and Callander obtained of the
progress, which in my discoveries concerning the late Mr. Tennant's
Apprentices I have made. It therefore will be necessary to lay
the circumstances in their true light before His Excellency. The
number of the late Mr. Tennant's Apprentices indentured to him
by the late Fiscal Van Byneveld, whose descriptions are extant, is
86. Fifty-three of that number have been produced to me ; ten
others have been relieved from the State of Slavery in which they
were illegally detained. From the Memoranda of the late Mr.
Tennant and other circumstances it is highly apparent that 10 at
least of those belonging to the above number of 85 died before
Mr. Tennant's decease. The Executors to the late Mr. Tennant's
will moreover produced to me 7 apprentices, who were by them
considered to belong to the number of the 85, but as none of them
answered the descriptions of any of the 85, I was induced to

Eecards of the Cape Colony. 75

suppose that a bona fide exchange of some of those belonging to
the above number with Apprentices indentured to the late Mr.
Tennant by the Collector of H. M. Customs might have taken
place ; a circumstance corroborating such belief is that all the
Apprentices indentured by the Collector of His Majesty's Customs
have been duly accounted for by the Executors of Mr. Tennant's
will, firom which it follows that the surplus of seven not reclaimed
by the Collector must necessarily be included in the number of
those indentured by the late Fiscal Van Ryneveld.

Supposing this to be the case, the following number of
Apprentices have been accounted for :

53 produced to me,

10 relieved from the State of Slavery,

10 stated to have died before the decease of Mr. Tennant, and

7 bona fide exchanged with others belonging to the Collector's
Kegro apprentices, making all together 80 Apprentices, and thus
leaving a deficiency not of 26 but of 5 Apprentices not at all
accounted for. A number truly large enough to make it desirable
that they may be found out, but as Mr. Tennant, the only person
who had it in his power to account for the whole number, is
deceased, there is hardly any prospect of succeeding in the
discovery.

Thus having explained to you the circumstances attending the
Statement of the Authors of the Petition, said to be the Petition
of Five Negroes, I confidently hope His Excellency the Earl
Bathurst will be satisfied with the explanations I have given, and
thereby be enabled to judge upon the merits of the case.

(Signed) D. Denyssbn, Fiscal.

The annexures are voluminous, and as they only support the
statements in the above letter, without containing any new matter,
I do not think it is necessary to publish them. — G. M. T.

76 Records of the Cape Colony.

[Original.]
Letter from the Keverend Thomas Erskine to Earl Bathurst.

Simons Town Pabsonaoe, December 1818.

My Lord, — Sensibly as I feel your Lordship's kindness in
having presented me to this Living, which is far more lucrative
than my most sanguine wishes could have anticipated, yet I trust
I may not fall in your Lordship's estimation by soliciting your
permission to exchange it with some Clergyman in England, who
may be enabled to transfer to me a Living worth £250 a year.

This Living, with the Military, Naval Hospital, and dock-yard
Chaplaincies, which I also hold, is, with all its advantages, worth
fully £550 a year in sterling money, besides a largfe airy house
and rations for a horse.

The prevalence of high winds here, particularly the S.E. which
drives before it clouds of very subtle and penetrating sand,
together with the dazzling reflection from the hills immediately
surrounding this village, has had a most pernicious effect on my
sight, which always was exceedingly weak: besides this, this
climate, I am sorry to say, does not agree with Mrs. Erskine,
whose health has been on the decline since she arrived here.
These circumstances combined, I trust will induce your Lordship
to consider my request in a favorable point of view, and if you
allow me to exchange I shall come home at my own expence.
But in the event of your Lordship's not allowing me to exchange
this for a small Living in England, may I beg you will be so good
as to issue further orders about my rations for one horse, which
the Colonial Government refuse to give to me, or else that I am to
receive, instead of forage for one horse, the sum of fifty guineas a
year, to commence from the day I landed here.

I hope to be pardoned by your Lordship for taking the liberty
of enclosing a letter to my kind and worthy Benefactress, the
Dowager Lady Maimers, on the subject of an exchange which I
have been obliged to ask from the unforeseen and unavoidable
circumstances above mentioned. I have &c.

(Signed) Thomas Erskine,

JUcords cf the Cape Colony. 77

[Copy,]

Letter from Major Sogers to tlie respective Officers of the

Ordnance.

GoYSBNioNT HouBB, Sfd Deoemher 1818.

Gentlemen, — I am directed by His Excellency the Commander
of the Forces to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the
30th November soliciting me to move His Excellency to suspend
the order which was communicated by me to the Ordnance Store-
keeper on the 28th Ultimo for reasons (which you state) shall
hereafter be transmitted to him.

His Excellency cannot refrain from expressing his surprise at a
request so extraordinary.

The respective Ofi&cers appear to forget that all classes of His
Majesty's subjects are bound by the laws and regulations of the
Country in which they are, and no class, in His Excellency's
opinion, ought to pay more implicit respect to such laws here than
the persons connected with the Military Administration.

To the pertinacity of the Ordnance Storekeeper in immediate
opposition to this principle can the present dilemma only be
attributed.

In January last His Excellency found it necessary to direct a
letter (a copy of which is enclosed) to be addressed to the
Ordnance Storekeeper, cautioning him on these respects, but a
perseverance in the same conduct has had the result of which he
now feels the effect.

Even in the present instance if the Ordnance Storekeeper had
thought the Colonial Courts incompetent to enforce obedience to
the Eevenue Laws in a case in which he was officially concerned,
the mode of appeal was open to him by which he might have
brought the question to the highest Tribunal; but it would
appear that the same feeling deterred him from following this
plain line, and by his silence he acquiesced in the decision which
has been made. But now that the sentence of a Court (whose
competency his own act has acknowledged) is about to be enforced.
His Excellency the Commander of the Forces, who is bound to
give effect to it, is solicited to pursue a contrary course.

His Excellency had hoped that you would understand and
appreciate the line he had taken, by which any alienation of the

78 Records of the Capt Colony.

stores in question to the injury of the public had been provided
against^ and nothing more ordered than the deposit in the
Government Bank of the amount of Gunpowder sold (which under
any circumstances would be sold and distributed) for further
disposal to those entitled thereto ; and as it will take a consider-
able time before the quantity of Gunpowder seized can be thus
sold and distributed, this course left to the respective of&cers full
leisure to give to the Board of Ordnance any explanation they
might think necessary relative to the conduct of their store-keeper.
His Excellency under all these circumstances cannot rescind
the order already given on this head. I have &c.

(Signed) G. J. Bogers, Military Secretary.

[Copy.]
Letter from the Colonial Secrbtary to the Chief Justice.

GoLONiAii Offioi, 4<A Ikember 1818.

Sir, — I am commanded by His Excellency the Governor to have
the honour of acquainting you that in a recent communication
from His Majesty's Secretary of State it has been signified to him
that it is the opinion of His Majesty's Gk)vemment at home that
every possible measure should be adopted for reducing the number
of offices within this Settlement, and particularly that the system
of carrying on the public service by means of Boards should,
where practicable, be discontinued ; and the Secretary of State has
pointed out the Board for regulating Insolvent Estates as one
which might more advantageously be carried on (as in other places)
by a Sequestrator with proper assistance.

His Excellency therefore, in compliance with these suggestions^
and considering that the business of that department was hereto-
fore conducted by an officer subordinate to the Court of Justice,
and that the change is of no very remote date, has not tended
to the dispatch of business, which on the contrary has been
frequently represented to him by the Board itself as very much in
arrear, has determined upon reducing the Board in question and
substituting in lieu thereof a Sequestrator (with the assistance as
pointed out in the enclosure herewith transmitted) who shall
receive his instructions from the Worshipful the Court of Justice,

Records of the Cape Colony. 79

and report the proceedings of his office weekly in person to the
Court and by such clear Books and Schedules as shall be pointed
out to him by the instructions alluded to,

His Excellency has therefore directed me to communicate this
arrangement through you to the Worshipful Court, and call upon
you to give directions for the preparation of the necessary
instructions to the Seq^uestrator, whicJi His Excellency does not
think it necessary should considerably vary from the instructions
under which this service is at present conducted ; hut His
Excellency desires me to observe that it seems essential that the
moat vigilant attention should be paid to the money administration of
this Department, and therefore that it should be part of the inatrac-
tion to the Sequestrator that he shall produce weekly the Cash
Books in which all receipts and payments shall appear so clearly
expressed as that every Member of the Court shall be fully
satisfied on this head; that he shall be directed to retain no
monies whatever, either in his own hands, or in any chest
belonging to the Department, but that every sum shall as received
be paid into the Bank, and be reissued from thence by the
Sequestrator's drafts in favour of the party to whom a payment
is to be made. The Bank book, made up to the date on which
the Court shall assemble to inspect these concerns, should be one
of the documents to be laid before the Court by the Sequestrator.
Hi a Escellency, desirous in compliance with his instmctiona to
retain those persons in this administration by whom the details
have hitherto been conducted, has desired me to transmit to you
the accompanying List of the Sequestrator's Department as it will
stand from the date at which this arrangement shall take place,
which his Excellency thinks may be best carried into effect on the
Ist day of the ensuing year, up to which period the Board as it
Qow stands should be called upon to close the accounts of this
administration.

It is His Excellency's intention to allow to the Gentlemen of
tbe Board who will by this measure retire from the service, half
theii' present pay until such time as adequate opportunities shall
offer for replacing them in the Service in such situations as may
hereafter be deemed adequate to their respective pretensions.

I have &c.

(Signed) C. Bird.

80 Records of the XJwpe CohrVjf^

[Enclosure.]
Establishment of the Sequestrator's Department.

Bizds.

Sequestrator • . R J. van der Riet, Esq. . . . • 4000

AsBt. do. and Cashier . Mr. D. F. Lehman 1200

Head Clerk . . Mr. J. A. H. Falck 1100

Mr. M. deKock 900

Mr. W.F.Bergh 750

I Mr. F. Perreyn 750

^Mr. J. J. G. yan Beede van Oudtshoom • 600

J. Blore 1500

610

Bookkeeper
Clerks

1st Messenger
2nd do.

[Copy.]

Letter from the Colonial Secretary to J. Baird, Esqre.

Colonial Offiob, ^th December 1818.

Sir, — In a Proclamation issued on the 27th of last month His
Excellency the Governor was pleased to nominate you to be
Deputy Landdrost of the Beaufort district, which is therein pro-
visionally made subordinate to the Drostdy of Graaff Beinet.
This circumstance perhaps should render particular instructions
to you, except through the Landdrost of the District, unnecessary ;
but His Excellency nevertheless thinks it desirable that his views
in establishing the seat of Magistracy in the Ghoup and Nieuwveld
should be explained immediately to yourself, as it is his intention
that you shall upon every extraordinary occurrence within the
new subdivision correspond direct with this ofi&ce, in order that
the time which the circuitous mode of corresponding thro' Graaff
Beinet may be thereby saved.

A copy of this communication will be transmitted immediately
to Mr. Stockenstrom, so that he will be quite aware that in giving
you these directions it is not intended to subtract from him any
part of that authority which of necessity devolves upon the
superior Magistrate.

Within the limits of the new division it appears that more
irregularity exists than perhaps in any other part of this extensive
Settlement Widely separated up to this period from the resident

Becordk of the Cape, CoUmy^ 81

Magistrates, to whose administration the subdivisions of this tract
have hitherto been subject, the several classes of inhabitants seem
almost to have been left in or to have sunk into a state bordering
on barbarism^ and scarcely to have attended to any of those
regulations which the wisdom of the Legislature has from time to
time established for the security and benefit of society. Hence
the land is occupied without any title or by such uncertain tenure
that the distinction of property is scarcely defi^ed. Hence the
several classes who occupy this tract of country lead a nomad
life^ and many are supposed from time to time to emigrate beyond
the Settlement, where, mixing with the hordes that hover round
the Missionary Institutions at the Orange Biver^ they join in the
most unwarrantable depredations upon the peaceable and un-
offending tribes in that vicinity. Hence also is it that the
morality of the Christian religion which the inhabitants of this
Country have received from their European forefathers is imper-
fectly or scarcely known in the wide space we have under con-
sideration. Hence it is that the first rudiments of education are
rarely to be found in any of its inhabitants. To remedy these
evils gradually is the arduous task which is imposed upon your
intelligence and activity. It is one requiring the greatest perse-
verance and attention, but one which will be well rewarded by
the gratitude of those who will benefit by your exertions and by
that self applause which is the natural concomitant of successful
benevolence.

His Excellency thinks that previous to coming to any resolution
with respect to the land in the Beaufort district, it will be essential
that you should make yourself master of the entire subject and
report to him with great minuteness the names of each occupier
of land, according to the several Eield Cometcies in which he
resides, the nature of the tenure by which the occupier holds or
uses the land, the probable quantity of land each one thus
possesses, and the stock possessed by the individual. This will
nearly convey to His Excellency the information necessary to his
forming a judgment as to the wants of the inhabitants in this
respect, but if, in addition to this, you can describe the soil
generally of each Field Cometcy, its features, capabilities, and
peculiar defects, together with the supposed quantity of still
unappropriated and useful land in each, the document will be of
the highest importance. It is naturally His Excellency's wish

XII. G

82 Records of the Cape Colony.

that the population should be as much concentrated as possible
and thus that agriculture should meet with every encouragement^
and all that description of settler chiefly countenanced who shall
be willing to derive subsistence firom the produce of the soil.

The formation of the new Town is a first object, situated as it is
on the high road to all the Northern Field Cometcies, it ought to
attract settlers to it, who will derive a considerable part of their
means of support from the wants of those who pass or repass ;
these settlers again will take from the agriculturists of the neigh-
bourhood part of the surplus produce, and thus by degrees a link
will be established, the chain of which, according to the capacity
of the district, will be more or less extended. His Excellency the
Governor, having approved of the report made by the Landdrost
of Graaff Eeinet relative to the several immediate outlays required
at the residence of the Magistrate of the Beaufort district, desires
to recapitulate his sanction thereof.

2500 Bixdols. for repairs of the building to be appropriated to
the residence of the Landdrost.

200 for repairs to the outbuildings to be appropriated to the
Clerk and Messenger's residence.

800 for the alterations necessary for the formation of a
prison.

300 for the alteration required for the residence of an under
sheriff.

200 for, repairs of a building and

6,000 for a new House for the Secretary;

13,333 J for the Opstals of the places.

Thus not only the immediate wants, but the comforts of those
individuals who are about to settle in the public service at
Beaufort will be provided for.

But towards the foundation of a new Town it will be essential
that you early turn your mind to the subject and proceed with
caution and regularity. On this point His Excellency desires that
you may not act without the approbation and advice of Mr.
Stockenstrom, for in the distribution of Erven it is essential that
the greatest regularity should obtain, that the future wants of
those Gk)vemment Servants who are to be resident at Beaufort
should be in the first instance secured ; that due regard be had so
to place the habitations as that each may be supplied with an
adequate quantity of that essential necessary^ water, and that

Sederds of the Cape Colony. 83

every precaution be taken to secure the means of future cleanliness
and free air, objects which are most essential to salubrity.

His Excellency, you -will perceive by the Proclamation of the
27th, has thought it necessary to appoint a minister to the district.
His Excellency holds it to be incontrovertible that religion is the
best basis of civilization, and that little progress will be made in
the latter where the former is neglected or thrown aside. His
Excellency therefore in appointing the Eevd. Mr. Taylor (whose
dedication as a Minister of the Scotch Calvinist persuasion is in
all essential points similar to the ordination of the Ministers who
were supplied to this Colony froip. the United Provinces in former
times) has clearly explained to him his views with respect to the
new district. A considerable time may elapse before it is practic-
able to erect a suitable church at the new Establishment, but no
time should be lost in propagating those doctrines among the
inhabitants of the Beaufort district, which contain in them the
seeds of all that is conducive to their welfare both here and here-
after.

Mr. Taylor consequently has been informed that until a church
can be built, the sheU of a house must be appropriated to the
business of divine worship, but this will not satisfy His Excel-
lency's intentions. Scattered as the habitations of the community
are, it cannot be supposed that many of them will have it in their
power to attend divine service regularly. His Excellency expects
from, him therefore an almost constant Missionary labour in
visiting and instructing the inhabitants of the several parts of the
district. His Excellency feels assured that Mr. Taylor will
zealously second his views on this important head; but the
ministry will be but partially filled if Mr. Taylor should confine
his exertions to the white or Christian part of the community.
His Excellency expects of him not only, in conjunction with your-
self, to superintend the Establishment alluded to in the 8th Article
of the above quoted Proclamation for the native inhabitants now
wanderers in the district, which will be more fully gone into
below, but His Excellency entertains a most sincere desire that
the black or slave part of the community may receive that
religious instruction which will be highly consoling to them
under the mortifying restraints of their unfortunate lot, and un-
questionably render them more valuable to their proprietors. His
Excellency trusts therefore that Mr. Taylor may use his best

G 2

84 Beeords of the Cape Colony.

endeavours with such proprietors to induce them to encourage
their dependents and slaves to embrace the principles of the
Christian faith and to control their instruction therein.

From what has been above said, you will consider yourself
authorized to build the shell of a house to be appropriated to the
purposes of divine worship, but it should be constructed with a
view to its becoming useful and valuable at a future period for
any other object, public or private, which the new district may
require. The clergyman will also require a decent dwelling, and
His Excellency hereby authorizes your causing one to be built for
him on the same plan as has been recommended for the Secretary,
and at a like expense.

To return now to the institution which His Excellency wishes
to set on foot at the Eookfontein, His Excellency has in the
Proclamation of the 27th November called npon you, in conjunc-
tion with Mr. Taylor, to recommend proper persons to undertake
the superintendence and instruction of such families of the native
inhabitants, whether belonging to the classes of Hottentots,
Bosjesmen, or Bastards, as shall be induced to settle on this
place, which His Excellency understands to be occupied without
title by some persons, who must be directed to remove. The
qualifications which it appears to be necessaiy that these persons
should possess are various; they consist in a zeal bordering on
enthusiasm, in a perfect knowledge of the principles they are to
inculcate, in a competent proficiency in the vernacular language,
and in a familiar acquaintance with the principles of agriculture
and horticulture. To these endowments should be added mildness
of temper and manner, great patience and forbearance, indefatig-
able industry, and ability. His Excellency's wish is that the
families settling there should each have a plot of garden ground,
which they should be induced to cultivate, and that the land
allotted to this purpose (that is to the purposes of the institution
generally) should be adequate to maintaining a considerable
number; his farther wish is that the greatest regularity may be
enforced, and as much as possible cleanliness instilled ; by these
means wants will be created which industry and industry alone
will gratify.

It is His Excellency's intention that such r^ulations shall be
framed as shall give to the father of a family a positive right to
the land he shall have occupied and brought into a fair state of

Eec&rds of the Cape Colony^ 85

cnltdvation for a considerable, though definite, time, hereafter to
be fixed* His Excellency does not believe that any adequate
object is attained by an indiscriminate attempt to teach reading
or writing to adults, but it should be a fixed rule that such as are
allowed to settle here should compel their children to attend
school from almost the earliest period ; the regularity and order
of early habits of this nature will probably induce a great and
useful change in the manners of these people. It will be wise
and of great importance that a desire should be excited among
both sexes for the usual clothing used by the lower classes in the
Southern parts of this Settlement, and thus that gradually the
uncleanly kaross should be thrown aside.

It is to this spot that His Excellency desires the neighbouring
tribes should be invited to barter such cattle or valuables as they
may seek to dispose of against such articles as they may stand in
need of firom the Colony. Here they will see the paternal care
which is extended to their brethren within our limits, and thus by
the fairness of dealing which must be enforced in their regard,
and the improvement which it is to be expected they will observe
in those who live in better regulated societies than those to which
they have been accustomed, they will probably be drawn to desire
to participate in the benefits of civilization.

It is through the channel of Hawkers that the wants of these
people should chiefiy be supplied, but as it may happen that
these may not in the first instances be prevailed upon to attend
regularly, and as it is highly material that these people shall not
be disappointed of what they require when they come to the
Kookfontein, if Mr. Stockenstrom deems it advisable a stock of
what they are chiefly likely to want shall be sent to you to barter
with them, not however proposing hereby to interfere with private
traders, who should not by any means be injured or impeded by a
measure which might be a check on their inducements to attend
with these supplies, but solely to be furnished to the strangers,
should the hawkers not attend or not have it in their power to
satisfy the demands made upon them.

You will apply to Mr. Stockenstrom to frame such regulations
for these occasions as experience shall dictate to him to be neces-
sary for the preservation of order, regularity, and fair dealing at
these markets, and it seems desirable that he should correspond
with Mr. Anderson on the subject, in order, through him, to make

86 Records of the > Cape Colony.

known to the tribes which have been alluded to the times at
which they will, through these measures, have it in their power
to have their necessities suppUed, together with the means by
which they must effect it. It is scarcely necessary to add that
fire arms or ammunition are strictly prohibited from being sold to
these people.

His Excellency has been applied to to provide a site within our
limits for a number of IN'amaqua Hottentots and Basteuxis who at
present are at an Institution on the west side of the Namaqua
country, under Mr. Moffat, and His Excellency is in the intention
of placing these hordes at the Zak Eiver at the place formerly
occupied by Mr. Kicherer. Should this take place, the persons
settling there must be placed on the same footing as those who
settle at the Kookfontein.

His Excellency has not thought it necessary to give any
particular instructions at this moment on the subject of the
Bosjesmen who either are residing within your limits, or in the
vicinity, knowing that the Landdrost has on every occasion
exerted himself for the protection and advantage of this un-
fortunate race :of people. His Excellency therefore only recom-
mends to you to continue and strictly to attend to the benevolent
regulations Mr. Stockenstrom has introduced in theii* regard. It
is important that they should be charitably cultivated, and ihat
they should be encouraged, whenever practicable, to enter into the
service of the Colonists, on which occasions it will be your
bounden duty to see that strict justice be done to them, and that
no unfair practices be resorted to to enforce their stay in such
services beyond the time for which they originally engaged them-
selves. There is much, and His Excellency fears well grounded,
complaint from the Hottentots and others on this point, and how-
ever essential the services of labourers may be to the Colonists,
yet they defeat their own object in the long run by resorting to
unfair means to enforce the continuance of service beyond the
time stipulated for. This it is, among other causes, which renders
this class of Hottentots so averse from entering into the service of
the farmers ; the vigilance of the Magistrate is the only means of
counteracting this system, should it prevail in the district you are
now to superintend.

The Commission of Circuit is directed annually to hold a
Session at Beaufort. On these occasions it is, properly speaking,

Records of the Cape Colony^ 87

the duty of the Deputy Landdrost to act as public prosecutor. It
may happen that your former pursuits have not enabled you as
yet to qualify yourself for this purpose, in such case His Excellency
desires you will consult with the Landdrost of the District as to
the best mode of substituting for the deficiency, until such time
as you shall have it in your power to undertake this essential part
of the duty of your oflBce.

A copy of the general instructions for the regulation of the
country districts has already been sent to you, and copies of the
alterations and modifications introduced since the year 1806, either
by subsequent proclamations or by circular communications, are
now selecting for the press, a set of which shall be furnished to
you as soon as the work is completed.

Upon any points not here adverted, yet relative to which you
may require either information or instruction which you shall not
be able so readily to procure through the Landdrost of the district,
I shall be anxious to elucidate upon your making your difliculty
known to me ; and there therefore remains nothing at present to
add but the expression of my ardent desire that your exertions
may be crowned with that success which will be both beneficial to
the interests of the community generally, and satisfactory and grati-
fying to your own benevolent feelings. I have &c.

(Signed) C. Bird.

[Original.]
Letter from Lobd Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Cafb ot Gkx)D Hope, 1th December 1818.

My Lord, — Having again referred to His Majesty's Fiscal in
this Colony on the subject of certain Negroes whose petition to
your Lordship was enclosed in your Dispatch of the 24th of
January last (No. 4), I have now the honour to transmit to
Your Lordship another very detailed report from Mr. Denyssen
on this subject I have no doubt but that the Fiscal's very clear
and detailed report on this second point will be as satisfactory
to your Lordship as the former explanation was, which I had the
honour to forward to Your Lordship on the same subject.

88 Records of the Cape Colony.

I regret the size into which the annexures, which have appeared
to the Fiscal to be necessary to the complete elucidation of the
supposed complaint, has swelled this communication, but your
Lordship will only see in any superfluous matter the anxiety
which those who have compiled it have felt to leave no doubt
as to the nature of the transaction to which Tour Lordship's
attention has been called.

Before concluding this letter, I beg to refer Your Lordship to
the 16th number of the annexures to the Fiscal's report, from
which Your Lordship will best judge of the character of the
person who is the real author of the Petition sent to you, under
the signatures of 4 Negroes, who do not appear to have been
aware of the purport of the paper some of them af&xed their
marks to. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henrt Somerset.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Sobierset to Earl Bathurst.

Cape ot Good Hope, lih December 1818.

My Lord, — Having caused the several Monitions conveyed in
your Lordship's Dispatch No. 12 to be served on the Parties
specified, according to the Instructions transmitted therewith, I
have now the honour to return them with Certificates of their
Service endorsed thereon as prescribed by the said Instructions.

I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Copy.]

Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the
Beverend Mr. Taylor.

GoLOSiAL Office, 7lh DeeeaJter 1818.

Sir, — ^His Excellency the Governor having been pleased to
appoint you to be Minister in the Beaufort district, I am directed
in the first instance to call upon you to transmit to me your

Mec&rds of the Cape Colony. 89

adhesion to the Church Eegulations which were proclaimed in
this Settlement under the administration of Mr. Commissary De
Mist, and to such other local orders and customs as obtain in the
communities of the Eeformed religion in this Colony.

I am also to transmit to you the enclosed extract of a letter
of instruction to the Deputy Landdrost, Mr. Baird, in which the
views of His Excellency with respect to the Ministry are ex-
plained. His Excellency has not the least doubt of your zealously
seconding his views in this respect, nor does His Excellency know
that it is necessary for him to add to the sketch which he has
therein taken.

Your salary has been fixed at 1500 Kixdols., which will be
payable, as the other Colonial salaries are, by quarterly instal-
ments, and your salary will commence on the first day of last
November. The circumstances of the Beaufort district are such
that His Excellency understands it will not be practicable to find
at first proper persons to fiU the offices of Elder or Deacons, this.
His Excellency is aware, must cause a deviation from the usual
church order, which His Excellency must trust to your discretion
to find a remedy for. I have &c.

(Signed) C. Bird.

[Copy.]

Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the respective

Officers of the Ordnance,

Colonial Office, 71^ December 1818.

Gentlemen,— I lost no time in submitting to His Excellency
The Governor the letter which you did me the honour to address
to me on the 2nd instant on the subject of certain stores which,
having been seized by the Officers of Customs for breach of the
Bevenue regulations, have been condemned in the Colonial Court
and as such are now in course of execution. His Excellency the
Governor has acquainted me that he has already signified to you
his view of this case through the Military Secretary, and he
therefore desires me merely to remark to you, in addition, that
the grounds upon which you argue the case in the letter you
addressed to me are those which should have been submitted to

90 Eecords of the Cape Colony,

and proved before the Competent Court which has had cognizance
of this afiTair.

Sentence has now been passed in the case, and His Excellency
is not aware of any authority being vested in him which would
warrant his setting a legal sentence aside, except in his Court
of Appeal, should there just ground be shewn for reversing the
decision of the lower Court. This measure appears to have been
contumeliously neglected, and however much His Excellency
must regret the consequences which may befall upon the in-
dividual most interested in this transaction, yet he has the
consolation of knowing that that individual was duly warned on
the subject, by his desire, nearly a twelve month since.

I have &c.

(Signed) C. Bied.

[Copy.l

Letter from the Collector and Comptroller of Customs to
Alfbed Johnson, Esqre., Agent Victualler,

Custom Houss, Simons Town, Wi DecenAer 1818.

Sib, — ^The Colonial Laws are peremptory as to the non-landing
or shipment of goods without a permit from the Ctistom House ;
they make no distinction of persons or of ofi&ce. We have there-
fore to request the favour of you to conform to this regulation,
and in order to give your Department as little trouble as possible,
we only require a general permit to be taken of the quantity and
description of packages to be landed or shipped, which will be
endorsed with particulars by the Tide Waiters, precisely as you
are in the habit of doing at Cape Town. We have &c.

(Signed) P. J. Truter, Je., Collector Customs.

W. WiLBERFOECE BiBD, Comptroller,

Records <{f the Cape Colony, 9%

[Copy.]

Letter from SiR Jahleel Brenton to
Lord Charles Somerset.

Sdcons Town Tabd, 9tft Decemher 1818.

My Lord, — I bog leave to lay before your Lordship the copy
of a letter which I have received fix)m the Collector and Comp-
troller of His Majesty's Customs calling on me to cause Permits
to be taken out for eJl quantities and packages of Naval Stores
landed or shipped at this Dockyard ; also a similar one addressed
to the Agent Victualler, whose Department is under my control,
in compliance with the existing Colonial Begulations.

If such regulations have your Lordship's sanction I shall give
strict directions for their being immediately and correctly complied
with, and I have ordered the unlading of the Transports to be
suspended until I can have the honor of receiving a communica-
tion from your Lordship upon the subject. I feel it my duty at
the same time respectfully to offer an opinion that the Collector
of the Customs may have misconstrued the Acts of the 13 and
14 Car. 2nd and 7 and 8 William 3rd, which appear to apply to
merchandize or other goods belonging to individuals and not to
the Crown, and I felt the more inclined to this opinion from the
circumstance of no Vessel freighted with stores on account of
Government ever having to my knowledge been subjected to the
form of taking out a Permit for the purpose of landing her cargo.
Upon a reference to Mr. Johnson, the Agent Victualler, I find that
his clerk had been called upon in the year 1816 to take out a
Permit for Victualling Stores brought out in the Adamant
Transport, and that a correspondence had taken place in con-
sequence between Colonel Bird and himself, in which your
Lordship's opinion had been conveyed upon the point in question.
I have expressed to Mr. Johnson my surprise and regret that he
should not have made me acquainted with the circumstance, as it
was my duty to judge of the expediency of the measures to be
pursued, and I should certainly have appealed to your Lordship
as in the present instance. That this is an insulated occurrence
will appear upon a reference to the list of Transports and other
vessels freighted with Naval and Victualling Stores arrived since
that period, and for which no Permits have been taken out.

82 Eecords of the Cape Colony.

Nothing can be more reasonable than the claim of the Custom
House to be informed of every article brought out in Transports
or other vessels consigned to the Public Departments of the Navy.
I have always considered the manifests of the Cargoes as open
to their inspection, as well as every article landed, were it required,
and had any application been made to me, I should immediately
have ordered every facility to be given to the Custom House
Officers in the execution of their duty.

Should your Lordship be of opinion that the Eevenue of the
Colony will, as far as relates to Stores belonging to His Majesty
consigned officially to the respective Departments charged with
the distribution of them, be protected by every Paper or Document
whatever relative to such Cargo being taken to the Custom House
before any Article is landed to receive the sanction of the Officers
of the Eevenue, or for Custom House Officers to be put on board
the vessels in order to ascertain that nothing be landed which is
not in the Manifest, I will give orders for such Eegulations to
be complied with ; and should your Lordship's construction of the
Acts of Parliament referred to sanction the measures, I should
deem the substitution of such a form of great importance, inasmuch
as it would prevent a departure from a long established system in
the Departments under my controL I have &c.

(Signed) Jahleel Brbnton. •

[Copy.]
Letter from Lord Chakles Somebset to Sir Jahleel Brenton.

SmoHB Town, IQih Deember 1818.

Sir, — I had the honor yesterday evening to receive your letter
of yesterday's date, transmitting to me copies of letters from the
Collector and Comptroller of the Customs of this Port, addressed to
yourself and the Agent Victualler, and informing me that you had
suspended the unlading of the Transports until you shall be
informed if the regulations alluded to iu these communications
have my sanction.

In reply I have the honor to state that these Communicatioiis
were made by my express direction in consequence of my having

Records of the Cape Colony. 93

understood from you that the Colonial Laws which regulate the
Custom Department have -not lately been strictly adhered to at
this Port.

I should have great pleasure in substituting at your suggestion
any other form of protecting the Eevenue of the Colony did I feel
myself competent to make any alteration in the existing Laws.

I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henby Somerset.

[Copy,]
Letter from Sir Jahleel Brenton to Lord Charles Somerset.

SocoMS Towv Tabd, 10<^ BeeenibeT 1818.

My Lord, — ^I have the honor to acknowledge your Lordship's
letter of this date and to inform you that I have issued orders for
the requisitions of the Custom House to be strictly complied with.

I beg at the same time to correct an impression which I may
probably have left on your Lordship's mind with respect to
Permits having ever been claimed for Naval Stores. It was not
my intention to infer that the practice had been discontinued, but
to state that it never had been resorted to either in Table Bay, or
in Simon's Bay, or to the best of my recollection in any of His
Majesty's Colonies, nor has any demand been made upon the Agent
Victualler since the removal of his Department to this place.

I have &c.

(Signed) Jahleel Brenton.

[Copy.]
Letter from Sir Jahleel Brenton to the Victualling Board,

Cafe ot Gk>OD Hope, 10^ DecefnAet 1818.

Gentlemen, — I enclose for your information the copy of a
correspondence I have had with His Excellency the Governor upon
the subject of a requisition made by the Collector and Comptroller

94 Records of the Cape Colony.

of the Customs upon your agent that general permits should in
future be taken out for all Victualling Stores landed or shipped
for the use of his Department.

I feel it my duty to acquaint you that this innovation appears to
have arisen from Uie circumstance of a cargo of gunpowder shipped
by the Board of Ordnance, and consigned to their Storekeeper at
the Cape, having been seized and confiscated for want of a
permit from the Custom House, and the present measure is
evidently intended to preserve consistency.

The Acts of Parliament upon which the demand is grounded
viz. 13 and 14 Car. 2nd and 7 and 8 William 3rd seem so far
applicable to it that I feel I should not be justified in resisting
the claim, particularly when sanctioned by the authority of the
Governor. I have therefore directed your Agent to take out the
permits in question, and beg you will be pleased to send me such
Instruction upon the subject as you may deem proper.

Altho' the present restrictions may be neither very inconvenient
cor expensive, yet the principle of interference once established
jnay lead to constant delays and animosities from the impossibility
of defining the limits of the duties of the Tide Waiters, nor can the
prevention of a contraband Trade be so efiectually obtained as by
the means I proposed to His Excellency. I have &c.

(Signed) Jahleel Bbenton.

[Copy.]

Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the President and Members

of the Burgher Senate,

Colonial Office, lOih Dee. 1818.

Gentlemen, — I am directed by his Excellency to transmit to
you the enclosed account of the water- works of Cape Town, under
the superintendence of Mr. J. Chisholm, from which you will
perceive that there is a balance of Bds. 228,822. 7sk. d^st. due to
government, and to desire that you may be pleased to pay the
amount into the hands of the directors of the Lombard Bai^, by
yearly instalments of Bds, 18,000, and appropriate for the same
purpose all such extraordinary sums as may come into your hands.

ItecoTds of the Cape Colony. 95

and whatever amount can be further spared from your treasury at
the closing of your accounts at the end of each year. I have &e.

(Signed) C. Bird.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Earl Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

LoNDOK, Wfh Deomber 1818.

My Lord, — ^This letter will be delivered to your Lordship by
Mr. J. L. Cartwright, who is proceeding to the Cape of Otood Hope
with the view of settling there with his family, and I beg to
recommend him to your Lordship's protection. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Copy.]

Letter front the Colonial Secretary to Lord Charles

Somerset.

Colonial Officb, Uth Deeember 1818.

My Lord, — In compliance with your Lordship's desire to have
the most detailed information with respect to the office I hold for
controlling the issues of gunpowder to the inhabitants of the
Literior, I have the honour to state that the extensive line of
frontier to be protected against the incursions of numerous hostile
tribes exceeding in length 700 British miles appears first to have
given rise to the system still pursued of controlling the issue of
gunpowder thro' this Channel, limiting the quantity each
inhabitant of the line should receive to what was considered
necessary to the protection of his herds and flocks from wild
beasts and of his person and family from the hostility of the
Gaffers or others of the marauding tribes of the borders. By this
means it has been hitherto found practicable to prevent these
tribes from obtaining the use of firearms, for which they evince the
greatest anxiety, and the quantity of powder obtained by the

96 Becords of the Cape Colony.

restless boors of the remote districts has always been found
insufficient for the dangerous purposes which they have frequently
and recently contemplated. Your Lordship is quite aware how
formidable at the present moment CafiTer incursions would be,
when one chief at the head (as your official advices inform you) of
15,000 men is advancing upon the Colony, were the musquet the
arm made use of instead of the assegaay. The Boor (or inhabitant
of the Interior) is therefore required to produce a certificate from
the Magistrate of the District in which he resides, stating that he
has not received his annual supply; this certificate is filed and
checked by me, who hold a census of the inhabitants of each
subdivision (or Field Cometcy), and he then receives an^order upon
the Ordnance Storekeeper for the issue of the quantity allotted to
him, and for this order he pays at the rate of about 2s. 2d. per lb., not
at that of 6d. sterling, as has been misrepresented by the Ordnance
Storekeeper. Out of this receipt I pay a clerk for his services in
the minor detail. The quarterly issue has averaged from 5 to
6,000 lbs., but it has been occasionally quite interrupted. I beg
now to acquaint your Lordship that the Office is not one which I
have first filled, but that it is a remainder of the Dutch System which
furnished almost everything &om their Government Stores to the
inhabitants, and that it seems to have been retained for the reasons
which I have above gone into; neither have I clandestinely or
contrary to regulation received this small emolument, for I myself
called ^e attention of His Majesty's Government at Home to the
circumstance with this effect that the Governor at the time (then
Lord Caledon) received a dispatch from the Secretary of State, dated
10th December 1806, authorizing me to receive this remuneration
for a service which is troublesome and not without responsibility.
I take leave also to state that the office is a useful check upon the
Ordnance issues, as was evinced in the last return laid before the
Colonial Secretary for his Certificate, upon comparing which with
my books it appeared that there had been an error on the part of
the Ordnance Storekeeper by which the issue of near 2,000 lbs. of
gunpowder was unaccounted for, the amount of which was thus
saved to His Majesty's Government. I have &c.

(Signed) C. Bird.

Beeords of the Cape Colony^, ^7

[Original.]
Letter from Secbbtary Bird to Henry GtOULBURN, Esqre.

Oafe Towk, 12ih December 1818.

Sir, — I have been honoured by the receipt of your letter of the
14th of August, acquainting me that Lord Bathurst had submitted
the recommendation of Lord Charles Somerset to the Prince
Eegent, who had been graciously pleased to sanction my appoint-
ment of Colonial Secretary to this Government.

I wish it were in my power to express to Lord Bathurst how
gratefully I am impressed by the magnanimity of his decision :
the times, the merit and interests of numerous competitors, and
my own feeble pretensions, all led me to apprehend a less favour-
able result.

I can only beg you, Sir, to offer to Lord Bathurst my sincere
and grateful thanks and to assure his Lordship that I shall be
proud indeed if by assiduity I am enabled to justify the favour
shewn. I have &c.

(Signed) C. Bird.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Cafe of Good Hope, Hih December 1818.

My Lord, — Li reply to your Lordship's dispatch No. 19 (2nd
September last) with enclosure from the Secretary to the Treasury
stating that it does not appear from the account current of the
Commissariat at the Cape to the 24th October 1817, that any
sums arising from Colonial Revenue had up to that period been
brought in aid of the expenditure, I have the honour to submit to
Your Lordship that up to the period stated in the letter of the
Secretary of the Treasury the expences of the late Cape Eegiment
were bearing particularly hard upon this Finance, and that at that
very time considerable additional expence was to be provided
for at the disbanding of the said Corps ; that however subsequent
to that period, as I have already had the honour to report to Your
Lordship, sums amounting to 193,000 Eixdollars have been paid

XII. H

98 Records of the Cape Colony.

over to the Commissariat on the above account. I am further to
acquaint Your Lordship that as soon as the balances of this year
shall be made up, t have the prospect of again paying in a
considerable sum under this head. It is proper however that
I should apprise Your Lordship that it is possible this payment
may be retarded for a short time, it having appeared that an
undue combination has been entered into by the Bakers and
dealers in com, the object of which having been to take advantage
of a severe drought under which we have been for some time
suffering, extravagantly to raise the price of bread and flour, I
may be under the necessity of making temporary advances to the
Burgher Senate to enable them to counteract these machinations
and secure the regular supply of this town with these essential
articles. I have &c.

(Signed) Chables Henby Somerset.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Oafs ot Good Hope, I4dh December 1818.

My Lord, — In reply to your Lordship's communication of the
19th August last (No. 14) on the subject of an application having
been made to you by Mr. Beck for leave to erect a place of
worship in this town, which he states to have been refused to
a similar request which he has already made to the Colonial
Government here, I have the honour to inform Your Lordship
that I am totally ignorant of any proposition of the nature alluded
to having been submitted by Mr. Beck or by any person on his
behalf.

The Colonial Government has been most anxious to encrease
the number of Churches throughout this widely extended settle-
ment, and within these very few years has furnished funds for
erecting Churches at George Town, at Uitenhage, and at the
Caledon Baths, where regular ministers have been appointed ; it
has also erected at great expence a Church for the English Congre-
gation at Simon's Town, and it has allowed the inhabitants of
Hottentots Holland to build a Church there, promising to supply
a Minister for the same as soon as possible ; independent of which

Secords of the Cape Colony, 99

it provides for two instntctors for the slaves of this Town in the
Chiistiaii Beligion. To have done so much with such slender
means as Your Lordship knows this Colony to possess^ appears to
me to have called for other comment or insinuation than what
Mr. Beck's communications to Your Lordship would seem to
imply; but being, as I before said, quite ignorant of what Mr.
Beck alludes to, it is impossible for me to give Your Lordship
more detailed information on the subject, I have &c.

(Sigtied) Ghables Henrt Somerset.

fOriginalJ
Letter from Lord CSarles Somerset to EarL BatMurst.

Oafs ot Good Hops, 17th tkeemher 1818.

My Lord, — Upon the receipt of Your Lordship's dispatch
No. 20 (3rd September 1818) with enclosures from the Under
Secretary to the Treasury and Ordnance Department, I lost no
time in calling upon Lt. Col. Bird for explanation as to the nature
of the Office he holds for controlling the issues of Gunpowder to
the inhabitants of these frontiers and the emoluments thereof, and
I have now the honour to enclose a copy of Lt. Col. Bird's reply,
which I make no doubt will be in every respect satisfactory to
Your Lordship.

I take this occasion to solicit Your Lordship to consider that it
would have been respectful to me as having the chief command
on this Station, and that it would have saved the Board of
Ordnance the trouble of protracted reference, if the respective
Officers of the Ordnance on this Establishment had applied to me
for information on this subject, instead of invidiously calling the
attention of the Board at Home to a circumstance which in their
ignorance has been misstated, and an erroneous impression thereby
created, the object of which appears to have been, to ijisinuate an
irregularity in the conduct of an Officer fiUing a high situation
under my Government. Lideed, the conduct generally of the
respective officers and of the Ordnance Storekeeper here in par-
ticular has been such as to call at various times for my strong
animadversion; by an anomaly in the Military Service, these

H 2

100 Records of the Cape Colony,

Officers correspond with their particular Board at Home without
communication with the Commander of the Forces on the Station,
who is of course perfectly ignorant of the drift of this separate
intercourse. The privilege thus allowed to them seems to have
given rise to various pretensions inadmissible in themselves and
highly injurious both to the Military and Civil branches of the
Colonial Administration. Among other pretensions one, which I
found it necessary to check, was that of loading or unloading
Ordnance Stores without cognizance of the Customs Department ;
the latter represented to me in the strongest terms the injury
likely to be sustained by that branch of I^evenue from such
assumption, and I have ever endeavoured (though fruitlessly) to
impress upon these Officers according to the energetic language
used by Your Lordship on another occasion, " that every class of
His Majesty's subjects here are bound by the Laws established in
the Colony and are amenable to the Tribunals which His Majesty
has appointed for its regulation." So long ago as last January
the late Mr. Alexander addressed a letter to the Ordnance Store-
keeper plainly pointing out to him that he must conform himself
to the established regulations, but in defiance of this and other
warnings from the Custom Department itself, the Storekeeper
proceeded a short time since to disembark a large quantity of
gunpowder without the knowledge of the Custom House Officers,
the consequence of which was that the latter made a seizure
thereof, and brought the case before the Colonial Court, which the
Storekeeper thought proper to treat with great levity. The Court
supported the seizure, and condemned the gunpowder, and the
sentence was sent to the usual Office for execution. In this stage
the respective officers applied to me for relief, and the enclosed
copies of the answers given to them by my Military Secretary in
the first instance and by the Colonial Secretary afterwards will
put Your liOrdship in possession of the whole of this case and
show Your Lordship the distressing dilemma into which the
Ordnance Storekeeper has brought himself by his contumeKous
pertinacity. It wiU also, I doubt not, convince Your Lordship
that the good of His Majesty's Service generally would be found
in a renewal of the instructions under which the respective
Officers act, and in so framing them as not to subtract this branch
of service from similar control to that which the Commander of
the Forces exercises over every other branch of Military Adminis-

Records of the Cape CoUm/g. 101

tration, without interfering with the necessary control and com*
munication which exist between the Board at Home and its own
officers. I have &c.

(Signed) Chables Henby Somebset.

[Original]
Letter from Lord Chables Somerset to Eabl Bathubst.

Cafe of Good Hofb, 17^ DeeenAer 1818.

My Lord, — ^Your Lordship's dispatch No. 9 has been received,
and I beg to return Your Lordship the thanks of the Civil Servants
on this establishment for the very advantageous arrangement
Your Lordship has directed for facilitating the issue of half their
pay to such officers of this Government as may have obtained
leave of absence from the Colony. I shall take particular care
that in future all absentees shall be furnished with the certificates
pointed out, and that in every respect the instructions of Your
Lordship shall be conformed to.

I should perhaps however remind Your Lordship that I am by
former directions restricted from granting to any officer a longer
period of leave than three months, a term scarcely sufficient for
his voyage home and thus not sufficient for the commonest
business upon which a Civil servant may require to be absent.
I submit this to Your Lordship, in order that, if you see fit, that
term may be prolonged to 18 months, as in the Military Service,
it not being likely that any officer will undertake so long and
expensive a voyage as from hence to England unless health or
business of importance shall necessitate it.

I also beg to call Your Lordship's attention to the only two
absentees we have at present on leave,, the one is the secretary
to the Court of Justice, Mr. Beelaerts van Blokland, who has
obtained Your Lordship's further leave up to the 19th day of
February next, in which he has surprized Your Lordship's kind
consideration, for at the moment he had decided not to return to
this Colony and had re-entered as a practising advocate the Law
Courts of his own Country; at the expiration therefore of the
period mentioned I shall not delay to fill up the vacancy he has
occasioned ; the other absentee is Mr. Jennings, a member of the

102 B6cords of the Cape Colony.

Court of Justice, of 'whose prolongation of leave I have no com-
munication from your ofiBce, and therefore I have suspended the
issue of his usual pay. I shall lament to be under the necessity
of replacing Mr, Jennings on this bench, where his talents and
services have been of great and acknowledged utility. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Original.]
Memorial of Mr. E. Bergh,

To His Excellency the Eight Honourable General Lord Charles
Henry Somerset, Governor and Commander in Chief of the
Cape of Good Hope, &c., &c„ &c.

May it please your Lordship !

The sudden dissolution of the Board for regulating In-
Bolvent Estates, over which I presided so many years, compels
me to address Tour Lordship on the occasion.

It is, my Lord, a measure so replete with disastrous conse-
quences to my future existence that when these are submitted
to a considerate authority I cannot but persuade myself they will
meet with that attention and relief which the justice of the
English Government has ever been renowned in granting to old
servants whose services have been attended and honored with its
unqualified and constant approbation.

My family, my Lord, have ever been since the Colony was
formed placed in the highest situations. Myself brought up
rigidly under a father who was Secretary and Member of Council,
my avocations were early dedicated and unremittedly devoted to
those of a public functionary under every Government, and this
for a space involving five and forty years. My conduct through-
out the .various stations with which I have been entrusted can
safely stand the test of appeal. Its merit has been pronounced and
registered by flattering documents repeatedly in the Colonial
Office. Equally will the many stations which I was vested with
be ascertained to have been of the highest importance, and the
testimony which every governing power has conferred upon me,
and which I can adduce in support, will serve to authenticate

Beoords of the Cape Cohnf. 103

the sentiments which each, in succession, was impressed with, and
in the Archives they are liberally to my honour recorded.

As Secretary and Member of Council I succeeded, in 1792, my
honored father, who after a length of years of irreproachable
service paid some time before the debt of nature. In this employ-
ment was I found when the English Grovemment took possession
of the Cape in 1795. His Excellency the Governor Sir James
Craig, and subsequently the Earl of Macartney, proffered to me
the most desirable stations in their respective gift, but matters
of private interest imperiously commanded my repairing to
Europe; and I was therefore reluctantly obliged to decline the
acceptance of the valued favors which they had in intention to
have bestowed.

When the termination of my affairs permitted me to return
to my family, firom whom I was, through an actual want of means,
deprived during that period, I received immediately the ofiBce
of Presiding Member of the Board of Accounts, ranking before
the Court of Justice, and afterwards that of Eeceiver Greneral.
When the Colony was surrendered in 1806 I held this appoint-
ment of Eeceiver General, and one of the first acts of His
Excellency Sir David Baird's Government was a full confirmation
of my continuance in it with an increase of pay. Shortly after,
an arrangement for an English Gentleman, Mr. Dashwood, was
deemed requisite by General Grey, who acted ad interim as
Governor; and as his Excellency thought the of&ce which I
headed would be better adapted for the exertion of Mr. Dashwood's
talents, he proposed this exchange, viz. that of President of the
Insolvent Estates Board, to which I submissively acceded.

Your Excellency has exercised the powers of Govwument for
nearly five years in this Colony, and can fully testify bpw much
to your satisfaction the arduous duties of this Departmenjb were
discharged, and how much its labours had of late, (fix)m Men
speculating beyond their means) enormously increased! Still no
application for an augmentation of salary for myself was ever
preferred, I felt content with what I enjoyed. I looked for
remuneration when Grovemment would have it more ajnply in its
power to indulge and to actuate its benevolence. I knew the
pressure which such a contest for freedom and independence had,
unavoidably, entailed on the nation which, ne^t to my own, I
avowed myself proud to serve. I left to time to lay at its feet

104 Records of the Cape Colony,

iny h6pes to be deserving of attention. I little anticipated such
an unfortunate result to my prospects.

But, my Lord, not to trouble you further, permit me to solicit
most earnestly your kind intercession on my behalf with His
Majesty's Ministry, and in the meanwhile to entreat Your Lord-
ship will be graciously pleased to allow my retiring on full pay,
subject however to the difference being refunded, should the
Administration not assent eventually to the prayer of my petition.

In the possibility of the last, which Heaven avert, I shall be
reduced, my Lord, to real painful extremities. Advanced to the
age of full sixty years, and having run through, without much
advantage, a long course of honorable service, so as to be now
(perhaps with one single exception) the oldest civil servant in
this Settlement, I have scarcely any means to depend on than
those which may emanate, I trust, from the Government's bounty.
X havQ a large family to maintain with that dignified economy
which has ever prevailed in my domestic concerns, and which,
though a severe denial to my feelings, necessity and prudence
have rendeired Superior to every other consideration. The world
knows it, and X challenge the truth, of those whom I have been
in the habit of intercourse with, not to verify my assertion. I
equally repose on the candor and veracity of such as are described
and alluded to, to come forward and say if disinterestedness in public
employments, coupled with the strictest integrity, have not ever
been the prominent features which constituted the basis of my
actions, rejecting every kind of emolument which Men less
scrupulous might have availed themselves of and appropriated to
their sole benefit, without incurring the danger of even a shadow
of blame attaching on the transaction. Beceive, my Lord, &c.

Cape Town, 18th December 1818.

(Signed) E. Bergh.

[Original.]
Letter from E, Bergh, Esqre.^ to Lord Charles Somerset.

Cafe Town, 19(h Decmher 1818.

My Lord, — Having stated in my Memorial which I took the
liberty of addressing to Your Excellency yesterday, that during

JRecords of the Cape Colony. 105

tny long series of 45 years public service I filled many a high
situation of rank and responsibility, I deem it but right to prove
it for Your Excellency's satisfaction. Pardon me therefore, My
Lord, of introducing myself upon Your Excellency with the
enclosed note, by which it will appear that I went almost through
every Branch of Administration and Grovemment. I have &c.

(Signed) E. Bebgh.
[Enclosure.]

Eank, — 1, Writer ; 2, Junior Merchant ; 3, Merchant ; 4, Senior
Merchant ; 5, Member of Council.

Offices, — 1, Civil and Military Paymaster; 2, Commissary
of Eeviews ; 3, Member of the Orphan Board ; 4, Commissioner
for establishing the new settlements at Mossel and Plettenberg's
bays and Outeniqualand (now George); 5, Colonial Secretary;
6, Vendumaster General ; 7, Treasurer General ; 8, Superintending
Conmiissioner of the Colonial Secretary's Department ; 9, also of
the Naval Department; and, 10, of the Artillery Department;
11, of the Hospitals; 12, of the Slave Lodge Department; 13, of
Civil and Military Buildings ; 14, Presiding Member of the Board
of Accounts; 15, Receiver General; 16, President of the Board
for regulating Insolvent Estates ; 17, Commissioner superintending
the Survey of Lands between Cape Town and Muyzenburg.

[Copy.l
Letter from Chief Justice Trutek to the Colonial Secretary.

Caps Town, 21<< December 1818.

Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
ofi&cial letter of the 7th inst. containing the disposition of His
Excellency the Governor for the augmentation of the salaries
of the Members of the Court of Justice and of my own. I have
herewith the pleasure to enclose a respectful answer from the
Court to His Excellency, from which it will appear that the
disposition of Government has excited those sentiments in the
minds of the Grentlemen of the Court which ought to animate
every public functionary when he receives so unequivocal a proof
of the approbation of his Government.

106 Records of the Cape Colonf,

With respect to myself, I request you will be pleased to assure
His Excellency of my peculiar sense of gratitude on the present
occasion, but independent of this personal duty, I should not
answer that confidence with which I am honored by His Excel-
lency did I not add that in my humble opinion the whole of the
measure of increasing the salaries has a more extended advantage
than at first si^ht would be supposed. Nothing is more common
than the belief which ill disposed persons study to keep alive
among the inhabitants, that the natives are to be gradually forced
out ojf their pubKc employments in order to be exclusively filled
by the English. Nothing finds a readier admission than the idea
that Government has not sufficient confidence in the official
conduct of the several functionaries. These and similar prejudices
must naturally shake the public confidence, and consequently
weaken the spring of Government. Now it is my opinion that
every pubKc measure which shews that no intention exists with
Government to postpone the native Colonists, but on the contrary
that they are considered as inhabitants equally qualified and
admissible with other subjects of His Majesty to fill offices of
trust, every such measure, I say, tends to remove those prejudices
and makes room for that confidence, without which the best
endeavours of Government for the benefit of the Colony are in
danger of being frustrated. And in this point of view I consider
the present measure to be of real importance, as cooperating
finally to establish a general conviction that, as I have publicly
said on a former occasion, ''the tranquillity and welfare of the
South Africans is just as much the wish of Great Britain as it was
that of the former Mother Country."

I cannot conclude this letter without also assuring you that
it was with sentiments of the most sincere acknowledgment that
the Members of the Court received my communication of the
satisfaction you felt in transmitting the information of His Excel-
lency's favorable disposition, to which I deem it but justice to add
for myself, that I delight in the pleasing prospect that your
valuable services are now secured to the Colony, and that hereby
the Inhabitants will also be protected against another sort of
prejudice, through which sometimes, under a new administration,
with the best intention the moment of unanimous tranquillity may
be retarded. I have &c.

(Signed) J. A. Tkuter.

JRecords of the Qape CdUmy. 107

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathubst to Lobd Charles Somerset.

LoNDOK, 229mI December 1818.

My Lord, — I recently received an application from the London
Missionary Society that some of their Body might be permitted to
proceed to the Cape of Good Hope for the purpose of exercising
their Ministry in the Colony and adding to their Establishments
already formed beyond its Limits. Adverting to the observations
contained in Tour Lordship's dispatch of the , I

thought it my duty to decline acceding to their request until I
should have had an Opportunity of receiving from the Society a
further explanation of their Views and objects and stating to them
the objections to which the Conduct of some of their Ministers in
the Colony had previously been liable. The Besult of the inter-
view which I in consequence had with them, has satisfied me that
Your Lordship will see no reason to object to permission being
granted to some other Members of their Society to proceed to
the Colony, it being distinctly understood that they are in no case
to proceed beyond the Frontiers without Your Lordship's permis-
sion, and are again to return within the Colony on receiving an
intimation from you to that effect. Your Lordship also will be
gratified to learn that in order to controul the Conduct of their
Ministers the Society have determined that one of the persons now
destined for the Colony should be of a Superior Class and invested
with Authority to regulate the proceedings of the inferior Mis-
sionaries.

Your Lordship will I am sure see the Advantage of being upon
good terms with this Grentleman and avail yourself of his inter-
vention in the first instance in case of your having reason to object
to the Conduct of any of the inferior Members.

The Society took the opportunity of the interview, of stating
some Subjects of Complaint arising from the Laws and Adminis-*
tration of the Colony, to which tJiey trusted that a remedy would
be afforded. They related principally to the prohibition under
which dissenters were conceived to be as to the Celebration of
Marriages, Baptisms, and Burials between persons of their respec-
tive Communions. With respect to the Celebration of Baptisms
and Burials Your Lordship will observe from the accompanying

108 Records of the Cape Colony.

Opinion of the Attorney and Solicitor General that Dissenters are
entitled under the provisions of the Toleration Act to celebrate the
same in the Colonies as freely as in this Country, and will there-
fore give no obstruction in future to their exercise of this right at
the Cape of Good Hope.

With respect to Marriages I informed them that it was not in
my power to dispense vdth a Compliance on their part with the
Municipal Law of the Colony which regulates the form in which
Marriages should be celebrated, inasmuch as the legal Validity of
any Marriage would depend upon its having been celebrated agree-
ably to the Law of the Country in which it was contracted ; but
that the Members of every Eeligious persuasion had the liberty of
superadding to a Compliance with the Civil Colonial Law any
Eeligious form which they may respectively consider calculated to
satisfy the Conscience of the Parties. Your Lordship, therefore,
will I am convinced offer no objection to this proceeding on their
part and will also be ready as far as is in your power to give that
facility to Marriage which is stated to be much wanted in remote
districts by naming a competent Number of persons for the per-
formance of the Contract in the Manner required by Law.

Another Subject of Complaint was the power with which the
Authorities at the Cape considered themselves invested of pro-
hibiting the Marriage of Hottentots. If indeed any such power
has been exercised either with or without the Sanction of Law, I
am sure Your Lordship will feel in common with myself the
Necessity of restricting it in future, since nothing can tend to
retain that unfortimate Class of persons in their actual state of
degradation and Vice, so much as a prohibition to contract
Marriage, and I feel that I have only to recommend the Subject
to Your Lordship's immediate Attention in order to ensure the
effectual prevention of such a practice in future.

I have &c.

(Signed) Bathukst.

Records of the Cape Colony. 109

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

LoKDOK, 23fd Deeember 1818.

My Lord, — I beg to transmit to your Lordship a Copy of a
letter which has been addressed to my Under Secretary by the
Secretary of the Treasury, by which it would appear that no
Accounts of the Revenue and Expenditure of Your Lordship's
Government have been received for any period prior to the 1st of
July 1816 ; and I have to desire that your Lordship will transmit
home as early as convenient the regular Accounts of the Colony
from the period when you assumed the Administration of the
Government. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, 24<A Deoember 1818.

My Lord, — The Lords Commissioners of the Treasury have
transmitted to my Department a Communication from the Board
of Ordnance respecting a Seizure made by the Custom House
Officers at the Cape of Good Hope of certain Ordnance Stores on
board the Susannah Transport, and in compliance with their Lord-
ships' Request I have to desire that your Lordship will make
enquiry into the Circumstances of this transaction and report to
me the result. I have &c.

(Signed) BathuIist.

110 Mecords of the Cape Coldn'if.

[Copy.]

Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the
Commissary of Vendues.

GoLONiAi. Offtoe, 24t^ December 1818.

Sib, — ^The great change which has taken place in the circum-
stances of the colony since the regulations were framed, by which
the long credits still given to the respective vendue-masters in
the country districts for making their payments to such persons
whose effects are sold by public auction were authorized, appears
to his Excellency the Governor to necessitate some alteration,
also in what otherwise strongly tends to the injury of an im-
portant branch of the public revenue, by checking the number of
sales now effected, with considerable prejudice to the several sellers.

His Excellency therefore taking into consideration how much
the districts of the colony are compressed by the new divisions
which have been made of them, and with how much quickness
all interior communication is now carried on by the greater
regularity which has been gradually introduced into the manage-
ment of public affairs, has directed me to acquaint you, that

1st. In all sales of moveables, which shall take place subsequent
to the first day of January next in the Gape district, the payment
shall be made by the vendue-master to the seller at the expiration
of the fourth month from the date of the sale.

2d. By the foregoing regulation it is not intended to prevent
the sellers from giving such further credit as they may choose to
grant, with the concurrence of the vendue-master (but not without),
to purchasers of moveable property by public auction ; but in all
cases in which sellers shall give the purchasers at public auction
a credit beyond the term of four months, it is to be understood by
them that they become responsible for the auction dues at the
expiration of such term of four months to the vendue-master, and
that the collection of the amoimt of sales at the expiration of the
period for which credit shall have been given, shall be the duty
of the vendue-master, who however shall not be liable to the
seller for the amount of a debt nut recoverable, if the purchaser
shall have become insolvent subsequent to the period of four
months from the date of the sale. I have &c.

(Signed) C. Brao.

Secords of the Cctpe Colony. Ill

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Cape of Good Hope, 28^^ Deoemher 1818.

My Lord, — From the period at which the Insurgents of the
Districts of Graaflf Beinet and Uitenhage were banished from those
provinces by sentence of the Court of Justice, the majority of
these turbulent men established themselves in those parts of the
a4ioining District of Tulbagh known by the name of the Ghoup
and Nieuwveld. There remote from the eye of the Magistrate
they have lived the same irregular and lawless life which had
formerly caused .their ill advised measures. The former inhabi-
tants of these parts were not of the most peaceable character, but
since they have been joined by the restless men to whom I have
above alluded, no part of this Settlement appears to have put on
so irregular an appearance. From hence also has latterly been
springing up matter which, if not timely attended to, may cause
the most serious inconvenience to this Colony, and indeed already
the anarchy and irregularity of this part of the border is making
itself severely felt.

I shall endeavour briefly to explain this to your Lordship. The
intercourse between the descendants of Europeans and Hottentot
women and between the latter and the various classes of slaves has
produced a new breed of man here known by the name of Bastard.
Free by their nature, but yet early educated in the service of the
farmers, they are when of industrious habits almost the best
description of farm servants, both for activity and intelligence;
hence their extreme value to the Colony ; but on the other hand,
inheriting firom the Hottentot the love of wandering and change
which are peculiar characteristics of that savage race, it is difl&cult
to attach them to the soil, and the major part of them turn out
idle and wandering vagrants, collecting where most remote from
the local Magistrate and supplying their few wants oftener by
plunder than by industrious habits.

This race has been numerous in the part of the Colony of which
I am now speaking, but of late years even the small restraint they
have here been under has been burthensome to them, and they
have been gradually emigrating to those Missionary Institutions

112 Records of the Cape Colony.

which have been formed of late years (perhaps inadvertently)
beyond our frontier and thus not immediately under control. The
enclosed extract of a letter from the active and intelligent Land-
drost of Graaff Eeinet, Mr. Stockenstrom, will explain to Tour
Lordship the dangerous and precarious state in which one of the
Missionary Institutions (from which he was just returned) was at
the period of his writing in August last.

A consideration of all these circumstances has induced me to
adopt the measure of again subdividing the immense provinces of
Graaff Beinet and Tulbagh and forming a new district in this part
of the Colony where the immediate eye of a Magistrate may best
restore order among the several classes, now in so deplorable a
state, and I have the honour to enclose your Lordship a copy of a
Proclamation which I have issued on this head.

I beg at the same time to call your Lordship's attention in
particular to the measure I have adopted for giving instruction
and settlement to the class of Bastards within the Settlement,
thereby taking from them the plea they use to cloak their emigra*
tion, of their having no other means of obtaining religious in-
struction.

I should be glad to be favoured with your Lordship's sentiments
with respect to these dangerous assemblies of Bastards without
the Settlement, as well in as much as relates to the Colonial
interest as to those tribes the Boshuanas, Ghonas, and Briquaa,
who hitherto have been very peaceable towards the Colonists, but
who from having been lately fallen upon by these Bastards, whom
they consider as Colonists particularly from their use of fire arms,
may not henceforward behave with the same forbearance and
moderation.

I cannot more clearly explain to your Lordship the views I
entertain both for the civil and religious administration of this
frontier than by enclosing to you copies of my letters of Instruc-
tion to Mr. Baird and the Beverend Mr. Taylor, whom I have
appointed to the respective situations of Deputy Landdrost and
Minister of the established religion in the new district, and I have
every hope your Lordship will favourably view the arrangements
1 have made. The expense will not appear to your Lordship
heavy, when you take into consideration how much every branch
of the Bevenue (particularly the Land Eevenue) must be benefited
by introducing regularity into a large and not for this country ill

Records of the Cape Colony, 113

peopled district which has hitherto scarcely contributed to the
Colonial income. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bat|iurst.

Gape of Good Hope, 28<^ December 1818.

My Lord, — It is with very considerable regret that I have
perceived from your Lordship's reply to my dispatch No. 96 of
the 10th October 1817, that I have been so unfortunate as to
submit to your Lordship a proposition which the circumstances
of His Majesty's Government have not permitted it to give its
sanction to.

Being a daily witness of the distress to which the Grentlemen
in the civil employment of this Government are exposed, in con*
sequence of the immense increase of every necessary of life
rendering this place, which once was celebrated for its cheapness,
now nearly as expensive as any other part of the Empire, I felt
it a duty to submit their claims and their wants to your Lordship's
consideration and benevolence, and though from strong and just
calls for economy your Lordship has only partially had it in your
power to attend to my representation, yet will I trust that when
your Lordship receives the account of receipt and expenditure of
this Government for the current year and compares its financial
prospects with those of past times, your Lordship will then permit
me to recur to this subject, and to hope that you will give me
credit for extreme unwillingness to bring any charge upon this
Eevenue which it is npt fully able to bear or which is not called
for by imperative necessity.

I had no sooner received your Lordship's commands in the
dispatch under consideration, than I made it my study to see how
I could best act in the spirit of them, so as not to make any
greater addition to our civil expenditure than what your Lordship
therein authorizes, and at the same time meet the claims of such
of the civil servants as most eminently demanded it.

XII. Z

114 Mecords of the Cape Colony.

Conforming to your Lordship's suggestion to reduce the number
of Boards, I took measures for suppressing that for regulating
Insolvent Estates, which it appeared to me might be perhaps
better conducted under a different administration, and I have the
honour to enclose to your Lordship a copy of a letter I addressed
to the Court of Justice on this subject, which I trust will meet
your approval and sanction.

I have also permitted the Medical Board to die away, a vacancy
having again occurred therein I have not thought proper to fill it
up, tho' I have not suppressed the situation filled by the remaining
member of it. The duties appeal* to me to be important to the
safety of the Inhabitants, and although perhaps peculiar to this
place, will, I doubt not, be judged by your Lordship to be highly
useful. to the community; they consist in examining into the
pretensions of such persons as propose to be allowed to practise
in any of the branches of the medical profession, in examining aU
drugs and medicines imported for the use of the Settlement, in
frequent visits to the Apothecaries' shops in order to ascertain the
quality of the airticles vended, and in being referee in all disputes
relative to surgical charges and apothecaries' bills.

Upon the maturest consideration I could not recommend to
your Lordship the suppression of the Board of Orphan Chamber.
The duties the members of it perform are active and important,
they having the administration of all intestate estates as well as
being as their name imports the guardians of all orphans not
under especial tutelage. The property constantly floating under
this administration is of great magnitude, amounting to between
two and« three millions of dollars, and the confidence of the public
being so firm in, its integrity from the circumstance of its
established probity and punctuality, I fear it might be highly
dangerous to risk a change. Similarly situated are the two Bank
Establishments (united however under one superintending ad-
tninistrationX which it would be dif&cult and perhaps dangerous
to remove. For these reasons therefore I have confined myself to
the alterations already noticed, for when I took into consideration
the various extrajudicial duties performed by the members of the
Court of Justice, which are fully detailed in the 4th enclosure of
my dispatch to your Lordship No. 62 (1st September 1816), and
when I also considered that the law as now administered requires
seven members of the Court to be present when any case is under

Becords of^ihe Cape Colony. 115

investigation the result of which may affect the life of the accused^
I could not safely recommend to your Lordship the diminution of
the number of members (9) of which the Court is now constituted,
the long absence of two of the members on the circuit (four
months) even now occasioning much inconvenience in their pro-
ceedings in such cases, and having obliged me to appoint an extra
member occasionally from that class of civil servants considered
eligible for this solemn duty.

Availing myself therefore of your Lordship's authority, I have
made an increase to the salary of the Chief Justice of about £300
sterling; of the Fiscal of £150 ; and of the members of the Court
and superior Magistrates of the interior Courts of about £100
each, calculated however in Eixdollars in which our accounts are
altogether kept.

As however this addition did not amount to the entire sum to
each which your Lordship's instructions would have warranted my
increasing the respective salaries to, I have availed myself of the
saving to add to the incomes of the three collectors of inland
revenue £100 ; to the Deputy Landdrosts £50 each ; and to the
Clergy a like sum of £50, which I am convinced your Lordship
will not disapprove when their deplorable situations are thoroughly
considered, and when you reflect that had I availed myself of your
Lordship's authority in the other cases to its full extent the same
expenditure would have been incurred.

I cannot conclude this communication without calling your
Lordship's particular attention to the enclosed representation
made to me by the late President of the Board of Insolvent
Estates. It will very forcibly point out to your Lordship the
sufTerings of an aged individual, and be no slight illustration of
what I have so strenuously urged.

I beg also to lay before your Lordship a copy of a letter
addressed by the Chief Justice to the Colonial Secretary, in reply
to the notification I had directed to be made through him to the
Court of the small increase to their salaries. The sentiments it
contains are well worthy of your Lordship's attentive perusal.
You will see in them the feeling which as yet prevails here, a
feeling which the different treatment of two classes of civil servants
in the same Establishment must contribute to foster, but which
it is not among the least anxious of my endeavours to smother
and do away ; the measure which I had recommended I conceived

I 2

116 Becords of the Cape Colony^

calculated to do so, and I am gratified in the extreme in the
thought that your Lordship has enabled me partially to succeed.

I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Gaps of Good Hops, 2Sth December 1818.

My Lord, — The age and infirmities of the Eevd. Mr. Vos,
Minister of the Beformed Church at Caledon Baths, having obliged
him to avail himself of the Art. of the Church Eegulations of this
Colony which provides for the retirement of the superannuated
and infirm Clergy, I was much distressed with respect to a suc-
cessor at a station where the services of a Minister are particularly
necessary. All the endeavours which your Lordship has made to
procure a sufl&ciency of Clergy from Holland have not had the
effect of supplying the vacancies which had occurred and even
with the aid of half educated Colonists who have returned here
with letters of ordination, still the wants of the Colony in this
respect have not been provided for.

In this dilemma I have availed myself of the services of the
Bevd. Mr. Thom, a Grentleman regularly ordained of the Scotch
Church, the tenets of which are, as I am informed, precisely
similar to those of the Beformed Establishment of this place. I
however, previously to taking this step, obtained the certificates
of 4 of the Established Clergy of this place of the conformity of
Mr. Thom's religious principles to those of the Calvinistic Church
of this place and of the validity of his Ordination. I also took
the opinion of the Chief Justice on the measure and required from
Mr. Thom himself a written adhesion to the Church Begulations
and Customs of this place. A copy of my letter to Mr. Thom on
these points I have the honour to enclose for your Lordship's in-
formation, begging further to acquaint you that I have taken the
precaution to have deposited a copy thereof and Copies of the
Certificates of the Clergy and of Mr. Thom's adhesion in the
archives of the Church at Caledon for future reference if necessary.

Records of the Cape Colony. 117

Mr. Thorn had been in the employ of the Missionaiy society,
but had quitted that connection for reasons which are not material
to those unconnected with that body. I should not have deemed
him eligible to the Ministry to which I have attached him, had
he still been a member of an Institution which^ however praise*
worthy, might have required from him duties and services not
compatible with the functions of his present character.

I find that nearly a similar line was adopted in the Island of
Java^ and I am ^erefore the more sanguine of the measure
meeting your Lordship^s approval, indeed I believe it has been
before suggested that it would be desirable that the clerical
vacancies in this Settlement should be filled by Ministers firom
Scotland, who however should be masters of the vernacular
language of this place previous to their appointment. Mr. Thom
speaks the Dutch language with great fluency, as does the Bevd.
Mr. Taylor, whom I have appointed under precisely similar
circumstances Minister in another District in this Settlement.

I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from LoRD Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, SOtfc Dwmhw 1818.

Mt Lord, — I have the honor to transmit to Tour Lordship a
Copy of a Letter which has been addressed by a person of the
Name of Franklin to Mr. O'Meara lately employed as Surgeon to
Greneral Bonaparte in St. Helena, and removed from that Situation
in consequence of his having abused the trust reposed in him by
becoming the Instrument of an unauthorized correspondence be-
tween the French Inhabitants of Longwood and certain persons
in other parts of the World.

The language adopted by the Writer of the enclosed letter is
evidently that of concealment, and certain expressions in it have
led me to entertain suspicions that it has some connection with
the plans which there is every reason to believe are in agitation
for the escape of General Bonaparte.

118 Records of the Cape Colony*

It is therefore most important that Tour Lordship should keep
a watchful eye on the Correspondence and proceedings of Mr.
Franklin, and ascertain, if possible, whether he is in actual
Communication with St. Helena, and, if so, the nature of his
Communication.

It will be equally important that Your Lordship should dis-
cover whether he is in Correspondence with any Persons in Brazil,
that being the quarter in which those of Bonaparte's adherents
who are t^e most likely to embark in an Enterprize to favor his
evasion, have established themselves.

Your Lordship will not fail in this, as I had already instructed
you on a former occasion to communicate to Sir Hudson Lowe any
information which you may consider important, and in the event
of Mr. F];anklin attempting either by himself or his Agents to
communicate with General Bonaparte at St. Helena, You will use
your best endeavours to give Sir Hudson Lowe such timely Notice
as may enable him, if the course appear to him to be expedient,
to apprehend the person entrusted with the communication either
previously or subsequently* to its delivery to General Bonaparte.

I have also to desire that in the event of Mr. Franklin not
having as yet acquired the Bights and Privileges of a Burgher of
the Cape, that You will take care that he be excluded from that
Class of persons, and I have further to authorize Your Lordship
in the event of its appearing to you that Mr. Franklin's Besidence
at the Cape is for the purpose of keeping up a communication
with General Bonaparte in any other Manner than that allowed
by the B^ulations in force at St. Helena and that he has the
means of doing so without Your Lordship's privity, to enforce his
departure from the Colony. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathuast.

[Copy.]

Letter from Secretary Bird to the Reverend

John Brownlee.

Colonial Office, 2Mh December 1818.

Sir, — The death of Mr. Williams in CafTerland having left the
station at the Kat river without a Missionary, the Caffer Chief

Records of the Cape Colony. 119

Gkdka has expressed his uneasiness thereat, and has made appli-
cation to the Colonial Goyemment for the establishment of a
successor to that zealous indiyidual.

There is perhaps no circumstance connected with the interests
of His Majesty's Government in this Settlement that His
Excellency the Governor feels more anxiously alive to than the
introduction of Christianity among our unenlightened neighbours,
and with it its invariable concomitant and greatest of temporal
blessings to a people, ** Civilization."

Independent of the duty which His Excellency feels to be
imposed upon him to give every aid in his power to the diffusion
of the principles of our Holy Beligion, thereby to be the humble
means of recovering some few from the deplorable darkness in
which they are still lamentably plunged; independent of the
gratification a liberal and feeling mind must experience from
having it in his power to aid in spreading the arts of civilized
society among hordes still in a state of the greatest Barbarism,
His Excellency is convinced that he shall better consult the
immediate interests of the Settlement committed to his charge
and put more easily a stop to those inhuman massacres and
ruinous plunderings which take place on our Border by complying
with the wish of the Caffer Chief to have a zealous and enlightened
instructor sent to replace Mr. Williams, than by any acts of
hostility towards the offending Caffers.

While His Excellency is anxious to pass his unqualified
encomium on the zeal and energy which induced Mr. Williams
to venture into the dangerous and novel path which led to his
residence among the Caffers, yet it is necessary that he should
remark how sincerely mortified he frequently felt at the deficiency
he perceived in Mr. Williams for the task he had undertaken.
Timid and illiterate, Mr. Williams appeared to waver and hesitate
upon every occasion, which perhaps arose from his being account-
able to superiors far distant, ignorant of the relations existing
between the Colonists and their neighbours, and who might not
perhaps approve of his acting in any instance except under their
own immediate instruction. This good however has resulted from
a slender and benevolent beginning, that an anxiety has been
expressed from a Chief who is considered the most powerful of
those who reside on our frontier, to have an instructor sent to
him, in order that the Beligion and Customs of the Christians.

120 Records of the Cape Colony.

may be introduced among his countrymen; it has also been
ascertained thereby that a Missionary may reside with perfect
safety among these savages, respected and esteemed.

The Cafifer Chief moreover had expressed his confidence in
Mr. Williams, and had latterly made him the organ of much
friendly intercourse with the Colonial Government. It is there-
fore with the view of continidng and carrying on this intercourse,
so that it may be equally advantageous to the Cafifers and the
Colonists, that His Excellency is desirous of availing himself of
that zeal which he knows has induced you to devote your labours
in a particular manner to the instruction of the Heathen.

Unconnected as you now are with the respectable Society which
has sent many zealous Missionaries to this and other countries for
the propagation of the Gospel (although His Excellency is assured
that your wishes and views are still particularly directed to the
same benevolent purposes) His Excellency thinks that the present
field is one which may be deemed peculiarly and fortunately open
to your exertions. His Excellency therefore has desired me to
explain to you as distinctly as possible what his views are, in
order that you may see and be assured that the motives which
actuate the Colonial (rovemment are strictly and decidedly peace-
able and friendly towards the Caffer people.

His Excellency, aware that you have been educated with the
view to your carrying religious instruction to the heathen, b^s
to say that it is not in any shape his intention to prescribe any
particular method for you to adopt on this head. He relies upon
your judgment and discretion on these points. But His Excellency
will be desirous of regular and correct information of the progress
made by the Caffer people in the principles we profess, and of the
numbers who embrace the Christian faith.

His Excellency's chief object, next to this of religious instruc-
tion, is that you should constantly impress upon the Chiefs his
friendly feelings in their regard ; that you should explain to them
his wish that the Border, now fixed for the two nations, should
not be violated by either; that on his part he is prepared to
punish any Colonist who shall commit the most trifling offence
against the Caffer people, and that it is but just in return that
the Caffer Chiefs should on their part seek out and punish those
who commit depredations and murders in our territory. His
Excellency in anxious to establish such an intercourse between

Becords of the Cape Colony. 121

the Caffer people and the Colonists as shall be mutually beneficial,
and for this end he is desirous of obtaining correct statements as
to their wants and also as to the objects which they may be able
to bring to Graham's Town for barter; it must take time to
collect all the knowledge which this object requires, but every
now and then an additional observation or hint will add to the
stock of information we possess and be essentially useful. Besides
it does not appear that in the frequent communication which the.
OaflFers have lately had with Graham's Town, that they brought
anything there for barter except baskets or trifles of no value, and
yet we know that in the illicit traflBic they have carried on at the
Baviaans river a considerable quantity of ivory has formed an
important part of it. The mode of supplying their wants by
presents to the chiefs must be very inadequate. It is also a
practice which must gradually be discontinued, though it is
essential at present that Gaika's wants should be so supplied, in
order to enable him to maintain that ascendancy which appears
to be necessary to aid his endeavours to control the system of
plundering which it is a great object with us to check.

It is possible that Gaika may endeavour to hinder and succeed
in preventing those who come into the Colony and are only
received when bearing his badges, from taking objects for barter
to Graham's Town, thereby to keep to himself a small monopoly
of copper and iron; this therefore should be watched and ascer-
tained, since it tends to compel the Cafifers both to seek to satisfy
their wants by plunder, and to encourage them to those illicit
practices which require the utmost vigilance of the Colonial
Government to control. Some late occurrences and trials have
shewn that to procure the objects of which they most stood in
need they have not hesitated to bring into the Colony and sell
into slavery persons not of their own nation, and it is lamentable
to think that there should have been Colonists so base as to enter
into and encourage so odious a traffic. Happily such instances
are very rare, and the regulations of the Begistry will, as in the
cases alluded to, afford an efficient check to the dreadful attempt,
but too much caution cannot be used, and it is this in particular
which renders it a matter of the greatest moment that the
Colonial Grovemment should be put in possession by you of every
information you can collect relative to such Colonists as may
enter the Caffer territory or keep up a communication with the

122 Records of the Cape Colony,

Gaffers through other than the permitted channels. It is
particularly necessary that the Caffers shall be induced not to
encourage the desertion of soldiers, slaves, or Hottentots from the
Colony, and to give up such as may come over to them ; in all
instances of soldiers, slaves, or Hottentots returned to the
Colonists through the medium of the Magistrate at Graham's
Town, an adequate reward will be given to the party who shall
deliver them up.

There is great reason to believe that notwithstanding the long
intercourse which has subsisted between the Colony and the
Caffers, the information we possess relative to that people and.
their country is very incorrect and inadequate, it will therefore be
a most important object for your leisure to collect as much
information on these points as possible and to furnish the
Colonial (rovemment therewith. The strength and positions of
the Border ChiefbainB, their relations to each other, and the
peculiar features of their social compact are subjects of the
greatest moment to be correctly informed of. We wish alao to be
in possession of their mode of culture and the treatment of their
cattle, in short it will be highly interesting and instructive to have
by degrees the most minute details of their economy.

Your mission and agency are particularly and ostensibly directed
to the Caffer Chief Gaika, who professes towards us the warmest
friendship, and whose acts have led us to place faith in his
sincerity. The protection he gave Mr. Williams is one proof
thereof, his soliciting a successor upon the decease of that
Missionary and his wish that the successor should be the channel
of his communications with the Colonial Government is a further
proof thereof; but his restoring the plunder his straggling parties
have collected on our border, and his permitting our detachments
to search the kraals dependent upon him, are marks of sincerity
which cannot be mistaken. If it were not effected by him. His
Excellency is willing to attribute it to his want of the power of
controlling the subordinate chiefs, rather than to his want of good
wi]ju It has been the policy therefore of the Colonial Government
to ac^owledge tlie supreme authority of tUs chief, wishing to
form fi^ni thence a system of interior control among the Caffers
themsel<^ which shall have the effect of keeping them at peace
with the ti^lonists. But though you are chiefly to be stationed
with Graika\ti the Kat River, yet your exertions must be un-

Records of the Cape Colony. 123

remitting to conciliate the other Chiefs on the border, who nearly
as powerfol as Gaika axe not however as yet disposed to live so
peaceably with our inhabitants.

TSambie is said to be the principal encourager of Caffer
plunder, and he is reported to be at this moment at variance with
Gaika (his nephew) on the subject of his intercourse with us.
The line the Colonial Government has adopted with respect to
Cafifer plimder is to follow it if possible to the first kraal it can
be tracked to, and there to insist upon restitution or equivalent ;
this system has restored confidence on our side of the Border, but
is naturally not relished on the Caffer side, and it has led to some
lamentable acts of hostility. It is greatly to be wished that the
necessity of such a system should be done away, and herein the
benevolent exertions of an enlightened adviser may be greatly
useful. Nothing can be more clear than the immorality of the
Caffer aggression on the Colony, nothing more distinct than the
peaceable and friendly views of the Colonial Government towards
the Gaffers ; it requires therefore that they should be convinced of
their injustice and that they should also see the impolicy of their
proceedings; if they live at peace with the Colony their own
welfare may be secured by it and their wants supplied, a contrary
system brings upon them those evils which have visited their
people ever since it became necessary to expel them from our
territory.

It will be necessary that the Colonial Government should be
kept apprized of any changes which may take place in the Caffer
policy or in their interior relations, and it will be proper that you
should correspond from time to time both with the Magistrate of
Graaff Beinet and the officer commanding on the frontier, in order
to their obtaining, through you, early information on such points
as you may judge to be for the good of the service generally ; in
other respects, and relative to the several subjects of this instruc-
tion, it is His Excellency's desire that you should correspond
direct with the Government Secretary, addressing your letters
under cover to the Commanding Officer at Graham's Town, who
will forward them by the weekly post.

The events which have occurred while this letter has been
under consideration, and which are detailed in the paper herein
transmitted, render it highly desirable that you should hasten
your preparations for proceeding to Gaika. The moment seems

124 Records of the Cape Colony,

peculiarly favourable ; indebted as he must be, and as he professes
himself in the most unqualified terms to be, to this Government
for the support and protection it has afforded him^ there can be
no doubt of the reception which you will meet with firom him and
the favourable moment ought not to be delayed.

His Excellency the Grovemor has, as I before in conversation
observed to you, agreed to your receiving towards your necessary
expenses in this service a salary at the rate of 1000 Eixdols. per
annum, and it is understood will bear all those bona fide expenses
which your first settling may occasion, including the price of a
waggon and team for your conveyance.

His Excellency will also agree to Mr. MofEat's joining you, and
he will grant him a like salary for his maintenance. Mr. Moffat
has been written to, and as soon as he has made his determination,
the result will be communicated to you. I have &c.

(Signed) C. fiiRD.

[Copy.]

Extract from the Opgaaf Roll for 1818.

TheopoUs : 103 Hottentot Men, 88 Hottentot Women, 99 Boys,
i Girls, 15 saddle horses, 18 breeding horses, 304 draft oxen,
\& breeding cattle, 390 sheep, 20 goats.

j^ecords ,of the Cape Colony^ 125

Abstract of the Accounts of His Majesty* s Receiver General at the

Cape of Good Hope, for the Tear 1818.

REVENUE :

B<k. akil. tt

Balance . . 103,537 2 3^

Lombard bank 82,913 5 0

Discount bank . . . , . . . . 32,539 6 3

Vendue duties 179,66] 7 2i

Customs 302,918 3 5

Land revenue 84,730 4 5

Tithes and transfer duties 329,964 0 4

Stamps 163,233 4 0

Sequestrator's department 25,655 6 2

PHnting department 19,078 6 0

Commando tax **.... .^ . 40,657 0 0

Port dues 17,140 0 0

Postage 12,270 1 0

Knes 1,766 3 2

Pees of offices . 90,912 1 3

. „ wine taster's department • ^ . . . 16,088 6 0

Miscelkneons receipts 2,803 5 3}

Rds. 1,505,872 0 3^

EXPENDITURE :

Bds. tkU. ft

Civil list, sterling salaries 296,460 6 1|

Colonial salaries 425,930 7 5

Public buildings (erection of new and repairs of old build-
ings, &c.) ...•»... 81,752 4 0
Cape regiment ........ 63,184 3 0

Pay of Hottentot captains 4,453 6 3

Commissariat expenses » . 103,636 6 2}

Expenses of ofices 34,027 2 2

Criminal prisoners and convicts 20,307 4 Of

Remittance to colonial agent ....... 28,995 4 3|

Freight and passage money, travelling expenses, &c. . . 8,690 6 4

House rent and lodging money 6,045 0 2

Carried forward 1,073,486 4 Q

126 Jtecords of the Cape Colony.

ICds. BkU. It.

Brought forward 1,073,485 4 0

Yessels and boats, purchase money and repairs of ditto, in-
cluding charges of the harbour master's departments at

outposts . . . . . . . . 10,848 0 5|

Repair of the wharf , . 586 0 0

Buckbay, Grootepost and Somerset establishments . . 2,902 4 0

Goyemment Constantia wine . • . . . . 3,923 4 0

Commission of circuit . 15,477 0 3

Miscellaneous expenditure . . . . . . 8,636 5 0

Balance . . . 390,012 6 1

Rds. 1,505,872 0 3J

(Signed) J. W. Stoll, Bee' Gen».

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS :— 1818.

BdL skiL H.

Fiscal's department, the amount of expenses refunded by
several masters whose slaves were criminally prosecuted
and afterwards returned to them «... 599 5 3f

Secretary to the Cape district, in reimbursement of the sum

advanced to him in 1814 ...*.. 1,000 0 0

His Majesty's fiscal ; the sum for which a quantity of stone

cut at Robben Island was sold 1,204 0 0

Total 1 • . Rds. 2,803 5 3}

(Signed) J. W. Stoll, Rec' Gen*.

•

SUNDRIES ; EXPENDITURE :— 1818.

Bd8.tkfl.ll.

D. W. van Eyk, a compensation for the loss of seven bullocks,

sustained by him in transferring government stores . 202 0 0

Executioner 78 4 0

Resident at Plettenberg's Bay, for victualling and clothing the

Government slaves at said place. .... 352 0 0

Messrs. Henderson and Patterson, for building a prison on

board the Neptune convict ship 723 0 0

J. H. Bruchhauser, meat, &c. for lions .... 225 0 0

Carried forward 1,580 4 0

Records of the Cape Colony. 127

Rda. skll. at.

Brougbt forward 1,580 4 0

Executioner 800

KeBident at Plettenberg's Bay, for victualling government

slavesy&c. ........ 132 0 0

Mr. Yillet, for seeds for the Ceylon government . . . 185 0 0
R. Gray Hodgson, for the clothing of the negroes of the Portu-
guese brig PocA^ i^eo^ 3,176 6 0

J. H. Bruchhauser, meat, &c. for lions .... 225 0 0

Executioner . . 118 0 0

Premiums at the farming out of the wine licences . . 1,095 0 0

J. H. Bruchhauser, meat, &c. for lions . • . . 225 0 0
Resident at Plettenberg's Bay, for victualling government

slaves 313 0 0

Executioner . 75 0 0

J. Lawrence, tools for the stone quarry at Robben Island . 238 7 0

ll. Crowcher, fruit-trees for the government gardens . . 538 4 0

iiesident at Saldanha Bay, allowance for forage of ahorse . 192 0 0
Mr. Gomes, supercargo of th^ late Portuguese brig Packet

Becdf an allowance granted to him for his subsistence . 177 0 0

J. H. Bruchhauser, meat for lions, &c. . . . • 225 0 0
Resident at Plettenberg's Bay, for victualling the government

slaves 132 0 0

Rds. 8,636 5 0

(Signed) J. W. Stoll, Rec' Gen'.

128

Records of the Cape Cdom/,

Return showing the Populatwii and Cattle in the Possession of

CHRISTIANS:

Gape Town .
Cape District
Simon's Town
Stellenboflch.
Swellendam.
GiulTReinet
Uitenhage .
Tulbagb. .
George • .

ass

Total .

2,35Y

666

1T3

1,469

1,386

2,056

1,149

1,233

824

11.302

1,503

493

112

1,115

1,403

3,434

1,266

1,160

Y80

10,266

1,851
644

1,130

1,011

1,698

866

869

671

1,Y49

561

1,307

1,560

2,426

1,221

1,321

844

FREE BLACKS:

563

174

8,63211,088

214

358

606

598

HOTTENTOTS;

386

g>*

fli

387

635

164
239
26
610
682

2,013
687

1,319
670

402

6,310

96
245

20
388
536
1,422
458
978
610

159
263
30
540
686

2,112
608

1,310
701

NEGRO
APPRENTICES:

S§

117
171
17
389
499

1.439
410

1,061
606

4,752 6,308 4,708

430
246

16
87

794

111
41

1
16

169

193
63
11
18

76
80

t
11

381 131

Return showing the State of Cultivation and Quantity of Land

MUIDS SOWN :

MUIDS REAPED:

■

•

• •

Cape Town .

• •

Ite.

• •

Cape District

3,461

813

3,602

164

26,182

12,163

16,337

1,083

2,852,862

3,600,061

Simon's Town

• •

■ ■

■ •

• •

Stellenbosch

4,187

7294

3,774

284

34,637

12,409

24,134

2,103

19,819,668

Swellendam

3,864

877

140

164

30,416

11,636

1,636

940

881.800

GraaffReinet .

830

421

16,639

6,779

497,336

Uitenhage . .

606

178

• •

8,214

1,984

139

• •

117.400

Tnlbagh . .

3,336

9794

924

275

86,864

16,380

9,301

2,609*

l,617,4oJ

Geoige

9084

323

• •

11,746

4,436

163

• •

707,060

Total . .

16,270i

4.319f

8,376

867i 163,447

64,787

61,712

8,723*

2,362,863

38,640,681

Beccrds of the Cape Colony^
Individuals at the Cape of Good Hope in the Tear 1818.

129

SLAVES:

CATTLE:

3,109
2,0S8

106
4,305
1,068

967

S99
l,t64

629

1,M3

486

1,398
557
312
149
730
822

1,950
641
63

1,922
653
630
295

1,025
488

1,160
496

1,210
641
280
149
697
844

2,667

• •
5,545
8,049
4,018
1,150
4,864
1,458

•a

2,935

• •
4,8071
9,866
6,552
1,811
10,725
2,528

9,686

• •
20,071
14,065
18,360
12,169
18,169
11,548

4,833 8,886

5,582
19,065
65,285
38,103
28,134
20,740

0«

8,270

981

8,823

• •

10,664
1,649

6,317

• •

15,469

66,828

906,941

185,187

880,017

85,691

3,649

• •

818

6,358

789

• •

3,761
100

• •I • ■

4,635

• •

13,143
40,893
60,026
36,038
67,948
13,044

373

• •

686

1.
862
145

• •

1,377

14,844 5,184

7,607

4,899

21,651

38,714

108,968

181,693

38,763

1,595,860

14,335

338,706

4,569

occupied at the Cape of Good Hope in the year 1818.

•&

LA!n)S IN FREE-
HOLD:

LANDS IN
QUIT-aSNT:

1,308

597

177

190

160

18,985

383

• •

87,106

9,649

330

743

14U

13,882i
XIL

672
55i
64

111

lOOi

9141

1,520
438

1,684
670

1,892
597

6,748

428
40
28
13

lU
29

859

107i

4621

873

680i
119

1,850

409
31*

• •

88i

763

17,414

665

101
123

10*

36,571
17,867

376

201

657

81,849

947

13*

373

80,817

511

1,0U 30

\1\

130 Records of the Cape Colony^

[Original.]
Letter from Tx)rd Charles Somerset to Sir Henry Torrens.

Cafb of Good Hope, lik January 1819.

Sir,— I have the honor to state to you, for the information of His
Boyal Highness the Commander in Chief, that the 1st Battalion
of the 60th Regiment embarked this day on board the Transports
William Pitt, Minerva, Nearchus, and Astrea bound to England.

Having understood that the Foreigners of this Corps were to be
discharged on their anival in England, I have with a view to
economize the public expenditure (both with respect to their
conveyance to Europe as well as that of enabling them to reach
their own Country) acquiesced with the desire of twenty-eight
foreigners whose periods of service would expire at no distant period,
and o{ fifty-eight foreigners whose periods of service were unlimited,
to be discharged in this Colony.

In adopting this measure I trust I shall receive the approba-
tion of His Royal Highness the Commander in Chief, to which I
have been prompted by the frequent and pressing injunctions of
His Majesty's Government to seek every means to diminish the
Military Expences.

The number of men embarked, exclusive of the foreigners,
amounts to 408 ; these, with the exception of non-commissioned
Officers, are composed of such men belonging to the 1st Battalion
of the 60th as were not deemed worthy to be recommended for the
Royal African Corps, and of 91 men selected from the Royal
African Corps whose characters were of the most unfavorable
description.

I. cannot close jny information upon the subject of this Battalion
without doing justice to the great exertions of Major Charles
Gardiner in the command of the very troublesome and refractory
characters which have been placed under him. He has on all
occasions evinced his zeal for the service, and particularly in
performing the grating task of selecting every man (not a foreigner)
of tolerable character in his own Corps to be transferred to
another, and I beg respectfully to recommend him to the favor of
His Royal Highness the Commander in Chief. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset,
General commanding the Forces at the Cape of Good Hope

Records of the Cape Colony, 131

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, S(h Jcmuary 1819.

My Lord, — I have received a commuiiicatioii from His Majesty's
Treasury relative to the expence attending the employment of The
Prince Begent's Botanical Collectors in some of His Majesty's
Colonies.

It appears that the expenditure of the Botanical Collector
employed at the Cape of Good Hope has been materially lessened
by the facilities which have been afforded to him by the Colonial
Grovemment in the prosecution of his labours ; and I only trouble
your Lordship with this Communication m order to beg you to
continue to render such assistance to the Botanist as may be
granted without inconvenience to the Colonial Government and as
will diminish the necessity of his drawing Money from His
Majesty's Treasury. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Original.]

Return, of Troops serving at the Cape of Good Hope on the

25th of January 1819.

Officers of all ranks ••••••• 132

Sergeants, Trumpeters, Drummers, and Bank and File :

Boyal Artillery 65

Sappers and Miners •••••• 13

38thBegiment 771

72ndBegiment ....... 858

Boyal African Corps •...•• 659

^ (Cavalry 70

Cape Corps jj^^^ 3,57

Grand Total 2725
Prize Negroes ....... 71

(Signed) C. H. Somerset, General Commanding.

K 2

132 Records of the Cape Colony,

[Copy.]

Letter from Major Fra.ser to the Landdrost of Uitenhage,

Graham's Town, 29^^ Janwiry 1819.

Dear Sir, — I regret having to report the murders and depreda-
tions lately committed by the Kaffers (in the part of your district
intrusted to my charge) who on the 25th ultimo succeeded in
taking away 61 head of cattle from the Farmer Het Gousen
Senior, 25 from Piet Gousen Junior, and 22 from P. W. Nel. On
the 30th ultimo they stole 39 head of cattle from Paul Bester, and
on the 14th Instant 29 Head from said Bester, /(mr of which were
retaken by soldiers of the Boyal African Corps, stationed at
Hermanns' kraal ; (Bester is about to leave his place in conse-
quence of these outrages). On the 18th Instant they took nearly
200 Head of Cattle from the Farmers Isaac Boice and Ockert
Goosen ; they were closely pursued by mounted Inhabitants who
succeeded in retaking all the Cattle, but during the absence of the
Farmers &^ from the place of Antonie Lombard, in pursuit of
these cattle, the Kaffers went to said Lombard's flock of sheep^
which were taken care of by a Hottentot woman and her
daughter; while the mother made her escape in the bushes
the Kaffers laid hold of the daughter, and to prevent her
screaming or giving alarm they barbarously cvi her throat with
an Assagay while the wretched mother witnessed the cruel
«cene.

Late in the afternoon of the 19th Instant when the Farmer
Johannes Oosthuizen was returning home (from Government
employ in this village) and seeing some of his Cattle straying
further than usual, and on looking for his Hottentot Cattle herd,
who he supposed must have been asleep, He discovered the body
of the Hottentot, not th&n cold, with upwards of 20 Assagay stabs,
his firelock and ammimition carried off by the Kaffers, together
with 69 head of cattle (not retaken). Said Oosthuizen has
abandoned his place in consequence and left the Zuureveldt.
The same day (the 19th Instant) they took 10 horses from the
place of Abram Espach ; they were followed into Kafferland by
a party of mounted Inhabitants, who did not succeed in retaking
them ; and on that day the Kaffers also took 7 bead of Cattle

Records of the Cape Colony. 133

from the place of Pieter Relief (formerly John de Lang's) ; one
of the cattle was killed by the Kaffers, and the other 6 head
retaken by the soldiers of the Royal African Corps stationed at
Hermanns kraal.

On the 20th Instant a number of Cattle and 12 Horses were
taken by the Kafifers from the Farmers Johannes Bower, William
Bower, William van der Merwe and Piet van der Merwe, of
which 124 head and 5 horses were retaken near Jantie's kraal on
the 22nd by soldiers of the Cape Corps, and three of the horses
being left in the Bushes by the Kafifers were afterwards found by
their owners ; and on this day the KafiTers took 23 horses from
the place of Cornelius Meyer, which were i-etaken by the Farmers,
and 5 head of cattle from the Hottentots in my service at the
Kassuga River (not retaken).

Early on the 26th Instant a Hottentot in the service of Philip
Botha had only proceeded a few hundred yards from the kraal,
in charge of the cattle, when he was suddenly rushed upon by 7
Kafifers, who put him to instant Death, by innumerable assagay
stabs ; carried ofif his fiirelock and ammunition with 133 head of
cattle which he had in charge. The Farmers on the place
immediately pursued and retook 50 of the Cattle which the
Kafifers drove in one direction ; the rest were retaken by a paity
of soldiers belonging to the Royal African Corps in the thick
wood on the road leading towards Hermanns Kraal; but when
the soldiers were driving the cattle to that Post, / regret to state
that they were overpowered by the Kaffers, who killed 5 of them,
carried off their arms and ammunition, together with having again
got back the 83 head of cattle. (The Farmer Philip Botha has
also left his place in consequence thereof). On which day the
Kafifers took 51 Head of Cattle from the place of P. Retief on the
Kaucha Kiver; they were pursued by mounted Farmers to the
Kowie River, where they succeeded in retaking the cattle with
the exception of one assagayed by the Kafifers.

It has this moment been reported to me that during last night
the Kafifers broke into the Cattle kraal at my place on the
Kassuga River and took therefrom a considerable number (the
number taken was not ascertained at the time the report was sent
to me) of cattle belonging to me and several others ; at daylight
the traces were followed up by 10 Hottentots in my service at the
place at the time. They are looked after by Military Patroles, as

134 Records of the Cape Colony.

also by a few Mounted Inhabitants, so that I expect the cattle
may be retaken previous to their crossing the Great Fish Eiver.
In great haste, I have &c.

(Signed) G. S. Eraser, Deputy Landdrost.

F. S. It has this moment been reported to me since writing
the above that when the Caffers carried off the 23 horses above
aUuded to from Cornelius Meyer, they murdered two Hottentots
who were in charge of the Horses and carried off their arms and
ammunition.

(Signed) G. S. Fraser.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, 8rd February 1819.

My Lord, — ^This letter will be delivered to your Lordship by
Joseph Stanford, a coloured man from Amboyna in the East
Indies, who has served several years in his Majesty's Navy, and is
provided with his discharge from the service. His object is to
settle at the ;Cape of Good Hope, and I am directed by Earl
Bathurst to acquaint your Lordship that so long as Joseph Stanford
conducts himself properly, he should be allowed to remain in the
Settlement under Tour Lordship's Government I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Copy.]
Letter from Major Eraser to the Landdrost of Uitenhage.

Obaham'8 Town, 4^ Fdfmairy 1819.

Dear Sir, — ^The Cattle taken by the Kaflfers from my place at
the Kassouka Eiver (as reported to you in my letter of the 29th
ultimo, being 85 head) they succeeded in driving across the Great
Fish Eiver into Kafferland ; and on the morning of the 31st there
was a large body of KafiFers (upwaids of 200) in the bushy kloof

RecoMs of the Capt Colony, 135

close to the house ; they destroyed the Garden, broke the Mill,
and carried away the Iron therefrom.

I now sincerely regret having to acquaint you that during the
night of the 31st ultimo the Eaffers attacked a Patrol of the
Boyal African Corps commanded by Ensign Hunt, who was
killed and three of the soldiers severely wounded. The remains of
the unfortunate officer were found next morning dreadfully
mutilated by the Savages ; this circumstance took place near the
Post Upper Kaflfers drift.

Before this reaches you it will no doubt have been reported to
you that on the 1st Instant (not far from the Post John Meyer's)
the Kafifers murdered a Soldier belonging to the Royal African
Corps, a slave, and a Hottentot, carried off three stand of arms
and ammunition, together with about 300 head of Cattle which
they had in charge.

This very instant (while writing) an express arrives bringing
the melancholy intelligence, that late yesterday evening when it
was reported to Captain Gethen 72nd Begiment commanding at
the Bruin's Drift that the Kaffers had then murdered a Hottentot
in charge of Cattle (belonging to a Farmer T, Dreyer) between
said Post and Wentzel Coester's, taking with them the Firelock
and ammunition belonging to the Hottentot, as also 136 head of
Cattle ; Captain Gethen that moment pursued^with a party con-
sisting of 7 mounted soldiers (while a party of Infantry followed
for the purpose of retaking the Cattle which the Kaffers had
driven into the thick wood in rear of the Post) when on his
coming up with them and in endeavouring to recover the Cattle,
that excellent officer after having discharged his rifle at a Eaffer,
and when suddenly rushed on by others (who lay in ambush for
the purpose) he was seen to have defended himself with the
unloaded weapon until he fell covered with upwards of Thirty
Assegay stabs ; (Sergeant Peacock and A. McDonald private 72nd
Regiment were also killed with their Captain). The Kaffers suc-
ceeded in retaining the 136 head of cattle, wherewith they
carried away the eight horses and saddles as also 5 stand of arms
and ammunition which was in possession of the unlucky party.
Since the Kaffers were driven from the Zuureveld in 1812 they
have not been nearly so numerous in it as at the present moment ;
there are constant reports of their having been seen in large
bodies and in almost all directions, they succeeded in committing

136 Records of the Cape Colony.

numerous depredations accompanied by cruel murders; the
Farmers are daily abandoning their places (the few who still
remain in the Zuureveld are about to leave it). The want of a
moimted force here at this crisis is much felt.

Though I consider it my indispensable duty to give you the
earliest possible intimation of every circumstance (or change)
which may take place relative to the exact state of that part of
your district entrusted to my charge^ and particularly so on a
subject of so serious moment as the present proceedings of the
Eiiffers, which seems to threaten the safety of its settlers who are
consequently leaving their places^ however as Lt. Col. Brereton
will minutely report every particular for the information of His
Excellency tie (Jovemor and Commander of the Forces, therefore
you will probably consider it unnecessary to forward this report to
Grovemment (however as to that you will be best judge).

Anxiously waiting such instructions as you may be pleased to
give, and with the assurance that I will endeavour by every
means in my power to execute the same agreeable to your wish
and directions, much hurried, I have &o.

(Signed) G. S. Fraser, Deputy Landdrost.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from LoBD Bathubst to Lord Charles Somerset.

LoHDOM, 8 February 1819.

My Lord, — I beg to acquaint your Lordship that I have
authorized the shipment of a Case addressed to the Countess
Bertrand at St. Helena on board the Golden Grove Merchant
Vessel bound to the Cape of (Jood Hope, and I have to request
that Your Lordship would give orders that the Case may be
forwarded to St. Helena addressed to Lieut. General Sir Hudson
Lowe. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

Beeords of the Cwpe Colony. 137

[Copy.]

Letter from the Landdrost of Uitenhage
to the Colonial Secretary.

UiTEVHAQE, 9th February 1819.

Sir, — I had the honor by last Extra Post, which left this
Sunday morning last, to forward a packet from Graham's Town,
containing, I believe, letters from the officer commanding the
military on this Frontier, reporting the state of the Frontier ; as
well as from myself to you, with enclosures from Major Fraser
and the Field Comet Forie, that will inform you of the deplorable
state of this unfortunate country with respect to our Savage
neighbours. Major Fraser is now with me, bringing the enclosed
from lieut. Col. Breretom As the situation of the entire of my
district is now placed in from the inroads the Savages have made
(they were yesterday seen in bodies close to the Sunday's Eiver,
which you must know is less than a day's journey from this)
demands me to call for support and to implore your aid without
loss of time, by a strong Force of Inhabitants being sent to our
Bdief from the more Interior districts. lA.y last of the 7th will
inform you I had applied to Landdrost Van Eervel for 100
mounted inhabitants being sent to our relief so soon as may be ;
and in which letter I solicited that Government would order that
100 or 150 men should be sent from Zwellendam for our support ;
even this number, from the information I just collect from Major
Fraser and the Commandant Muller who is just returned from the
Zuurbergy will scarcely be equal to enable us to maintain our
Positions, without attempting to clear the country of those Hordes
now wandering in our bounds.

The European Infantry now here, I do not expect will be able
to do more than maintain themselves in their respective Garrisons,
and from the distance that most of the strongest Military Posts
are from my Drostdy, and the bushy country that is between us,
will place me so as perhaps to cut off all the communication,
which is now already nearly so, for with less than 20 men to-day
it would be hazarding to attempt mounting the pass at the Ado.
Major Fraser will be able to inform you what he saw on his way
down here and every other particular that may be required of him
with respect to the state of the Country. If a body of 300 or 400

138 Records of the Caj>e Colony,

mounted Inhabitants, with the present number of the Cape
Infantry, could be brought soon to act, we may have some hopes ;
but unless we are soon supported I fear much mischief.

Under Boschjesman's Kiver, people (the Field Comet Fourie's)
are assembled at Bautenbachs Drift in one camp, and other Field
Comets, even perhaps Capewards of this, will have to follow the
same plan.

Bepeating my former application for a supply of ammunition
being sent here so speedily as may be for the service of the
Inhabitants on this Frontier, I have &c.

(Signed) J. G. Cuyler.

[Copy.]
Letter from Major Eogers to Lieutenant Colonel Brereton.

NEWLANDfl, Febmary 12^ 1819.

Sir, — In reply to that part of your letter of the 22nd instant in
which (commenting upon a letter which you had enclosed from
Bt. Major Abbey 72nd Eegiment) you recommended to His
Excellency the Commander of the Forces the expediency of
assembling another Force to act against TSambie in the vicinity
of his own kraals without his being aware of such intention, I am
directed by His Excellency to remind you that upon all former
occasions the strongest injunctions have been given by him to
keep the measures about to be executed secret, His Excellency
having been perfectly aware that upon the secrecy with which
Military operations of the nature of those intended are carried on,
their ultimate success chiefly depends.

His Excellency is entirely of opinion that no efi&cient result
will be obtained from the frontier operations, unless a decisive
*"-^ effectual blow is struck at TSambie and his adherent chiefs,
and it -wq^ in this view that his last instructions to you were
framed ; it was with this view that it was desired that even in the
case of submission on the part of TSambie, his removal from the
Border should be a stipulation not to be receded from.

His Excellency therefore would approve of such prompt
measures as should be really decisive on this point, but His
Excellency conceives it to be extremely bad policy to render the

Records of the Cape Colony. 139

Caffers familiar with partial and inefficient inroads on our part,
such measures also appearing to him to be both unjust and
injurious.

If TSambie can be seized (or destroyed in ease of resistance)
by a sudden secret irruption into his country, His Excellency is of
opinion that it will be extremely desirable^ that such a step should
be taken ; and in the event of success herein, His Excellency is of
opinion that his adherents should be driven over the Keiskamma
and Gaika put in possession of the lands intervening between that
river and our borders.

It will be apparent that this operation must be effected with
great caution and prudence, and that in the event of its successful
termination it shall be considered whether it may not be necessary
to protect Gaika in this newly recovered possession by occupying
a strong post on or near the Keiskamma for some time, for the
purpose of overawing the E^ffers who might attempt to molest
him. In case however that you should deem this decisive step
not certainly attainable and that you shall still continue to think
Graika in personal danger from TSambie's open hostility or
machinations, it appears to His Excellency that a post in the
vicinity of some convenient spot, which should be chosen for
his (Gaika's) temporary residence, should be occupied for his
personal protection, and if this measure is resorted to, such post
should have communication with the line now occupied, and the
greatest caution be used to prevent the possibility of the Troops
occupying it being cut off or surprized. I have &c.

(Signed) G. J. Eogers, Military Secretary.

[Copy.]

Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Captain

H. EoBiNSON, E.N.

Oafb of Good Hope, \hih February 1819.

Sir, — ^Intelligence having reached me from the Frontier this
day which renders it indispensable that I should forward about
200 men to Algoa Bay with the least possible delay, I beg to apply
to you for the aid of His Majesty's Ship Favourite for this service,
and should you have it in your power to accommodate this number

140 Records of the Cape Colony,

or any part of it, I shall be obliged by your early reply stating
the time when you would wish the party to be at Simons Town
for embarkation. I have &c.

(Signed) Chables Henry Somerset.

[Copy.]
Letter from Captain Eobinson to Lord Charles Somerset.

H. M. S. FawmrUe^ February 15ih 1819.

My Lord, — I have had the honor of receiving your Lordship's
letter containing a requisition for the immediate services of His
Majesty's Ship under my command in conveying a body of Troops
to the Frontier. I beg in reply to state to your Lordship that the
Favourite has been detached from the Cape Station, and is now
dismantled and repairing at Simons Bay, and that my orders are
to proceed when complete with all possible dispatch to South
America to reinforce the squadron employed there.

Under such circumstances I should not feel at liberty to
interrupt my refittal, and to divert the services of His Majesty's
Ship to any other purposes, unless the public good made it distinctly
and imperiously necessary.

I must therefore request that your Lordship will (to justify my
acting) inform me more fully of the present exigency and whether
the conveyance of Troops by sea must be an instant measure, and
whether no other means than those the Favourite offers are within
your Lordship's command. I have &c.

(Signed) Hercules Eobinson.

[Copy.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Captain Kobinson, E.N.

Gaps of Good Hope, IGih February 1819.

Sir, — I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your
reply to my letter of yesterday in which you acquaint me in
answer to my application for the aid of H.M. Ship Favourite
for the speedy conveyance of troops to the Frontier "that you

Records of the Cape Colony. 141

should not feel yourself at liberty to divert the services of
H.M. Ship to any other purposes (than the orders you are under)
unless the public good made it distinctly and imperiously
necessary.'*

I am npon this to observe that the motive which induced me to
make the application to you was precisely that to which you
allude, viz. the Public Good, nor did I conceive that I could
in more forcible language point that the Public Good did so urge
me than by informing you that intelligence had just reached me
from the Frontier which rendered it indispensable that I should
hasten a reinforcement thither.

The relations of this Colony with the tribes on the borders are
matter of notoriety, as it is that the greater part of the force
allotted for the protection of this place is always in activity on our
Eastern Frontier. Thus circumstanced and knowing how advise-
able it is that the heavy expense of taking up shipping should be
avoided if possible to meet the wishes of H.M. administration at
Home, I did not hesitate addressing myself with confidence to you
as commanding a Sloop of War here which might be made
applicable to this pressing service. I have now the honour to
reiterate that request, and anticipating your compliance therewith,

I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Copy.]
Letter from Captain Eobinson to Lord Charles Somerset.

Favourite, February I7th 1819.

My Lord, — I have had the honour of receiving Your Lordship's
reply to the observations which I yesterday submitted to Your
Lordship on my receiving a requisition for the services of the
Favourite, and I regret to find that the objections which I then felt
to the instant compliance with such requisition continue un-
removed.

Tho' the Favourite (as I have had the honour of explaining to
your Lordship) was stripped and refitting for another specific and
I should imagine from the tenor of my orders urgent service, I

142 Records of the Cape Colony.

directed her yesterday to be immediately prepared for sailing and
for receiving on board such troops, guns, and stores as we can
carry, and by the exertions made she is now ready for that service,
but I must distinctly repeat that I cannot undertake a duty foreign
to my orders (and which in this S.E. monsoon may be very
protracted) without knowing what the exigency is which would
impose the responsibility upon me, or being afforded any means of
discriminating between the importance of the Service I am called
upon to undertake and that which 1 am ordered to perform.

In no other case than a claim for my (very humble) conjunction
on the King's Service could I presume to make any enquiries from
Your Lordship.

Tour Lordship quotes my sentiments of the necessity that
public good should be manifest to authorize my diverting the
services of His Majesty's Ship under my command, and Your
Lordship states that it is so in this case, but by Your Lordship
again repeating your phrase "indispensably necessary" and
referring me to an expression which I consider rather vague
and susceptible of arbitrary interpretation as a simple and sufScient
guide to my conduct, I should feel that acting thereon would have
my decision totally dependent on Your Lordship's opinion, while
the propriety of such decision (as it regards myself) would be most
reasonably laid upon and required of me, by my immediate
Superiors.

The public notoriety to which Your Lordship adverts (admitting
even it had reached me) I cannot submit or allow to operate on
my conduct as a substitute for accurate official communication.

I regret to have taken up so much of Your Lordship's valuable
time by these observations, which with perfect respect to Your
Lordship I feel it my duty to make, and to state in conclusion
that I learn there are vessels in both Bays which may if neces-
sary be hired for the conduct of troops, and that the Naval
Commissioner Sir J. Brenton is sending an empty vessel to
the Knysna for Timber, but that I cannot divert the services
of the Favourite as Your Lordship desires, without Your Lordship
informs me of a specified exigency sufficiently important to satisfy
my mind as to the propriety and necessity of my incurring the
responsibility, nor should I feel myself justified in employing the
Favourite if your Lordship has any means by which it may be
prevented. The Establishment of those points in order to mark

Records of the Cape Colony. 143

out my line of conduct was the exclusive object of my previous
letter to Your Lordship, the substance of which I have now the
honour to reiterate. I have &c.

(Signed) Hercules Eobinson.

[Copy.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Captain Eobinson.

Gafb of Good Hops, 17^ Ftbruary 1819.

Sir, — I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your
letter of this date, and lament to find that you do not feel yourself
tinder circumstances to comply with my requisition for the service
of H.M. Ship Favourite on the present urgent occasion.

With regard to the exigency of the Service for which I required
the aid of that ship, I have in my letter of the 15th instant stated
and repeated in that of the 16th that the intelligence I had then
just received from the Frontier rendered my hastening a reinforce-
ment of troops indispensable to the Public Service.

I repeat that assertion in its most ample construction, but to
enter into any detail of local circumstances almost unintelligible
to you would I conceive, only most unnecessarily take up your
time. By the requisition I have made I consider myself responsible
to H.M. Government that the services of one of H.M. Ships is not
frivolously or unnecessarily called for by me.

At a late hour last night Major Fraser (commanding the Cape
Corps) arrived here, having rode from Uitenhage (a distance of
upwards of 600 miles) in less than seven days.

This experienced Officer was directed by Lt. CoL Brereton
(commanding on the Frontier) to reach me with all possible
dispatch, in order to lay before me the very critical situation
in which the Frontier Districts are at this moment placed and the
absolute necessity (for the safety of H.M. Settlement) of* the most
prompt succour being afforded. Should a knowledge of the
purpose for which Major Fraser has arrived in addition to my
former statement " that the aid required was indispensable" induce
you to comply with my request, I shall be obliged by the earliest
notice of it, as the safety of the Settlement entrusted to my charge

144 Records of the Cape Colony.

may materially depend upon the promptitade with which I am
enabled to succour Lt. Col. Brereton's force.

With respect to other ships in these Bays which might be
obtained for this Service, from the enquiries I have made, I do not
find any ship that I consider well adapted for it, but I should
very ill obey the strong injunctions I have received from H. M.
Government at Home to economise by every possible means the
public expenditure in every branch of the Service, were I to accede
to the very exorbitant terms demanded for such accommodation as
these vessels can afford, without doing my utmost to avoid that
expense by soliciting the aid of one of His Majesty's ships which
fortunately happens to be on the spot. I have &c.

(Signed) Chakles Henrt Somerset.

P.S. I transmit this by express and shall be obliged by your
answer by return of the Messenger.

[Copy.J
Letter from Captain Eobinson to Lord Charles Somerset.

FavouriU^ Simon's Bat, 5 o*doek.

My Lord, — I have just had the honour of receiving Your
Lordship's letter, and in conformity to Yoiur Lordship's desire
of being immediately made acquainted with my decision, I have
directed a Telegraph message to be forwarded to Your Lordship
that " the Favourite is ready to receive Troops," which I have now
the honour of repeating.

I must beg also to state that in your Lordship's original
requisition for the Services of the Favourite " That intelligence had
been received by Your Lordship from the Frontier which rendered
it indispensable that you should forward about 200 men to Algoa
Bay without the least possible delay," &c., &c., I considered the
latitude of interpretation which the statement admitted of, and not
being made acquainted with any specific exigency I felt in no way
authorized to divert His Majesty's ship under my command from
a prescribed service, nor did I consider that Your Lordship's
repetition of a requisition substantially the same imposed upon me
the necessity of a different line of conduct.

Records of the Cape Colony* 145

Your Lordship however has in your present letter fully answered
those precise points on which I had previously sought information
for my guidance, and in stating that the information above referred
to is of such a nature "that the safety of the Colony witrusted to
Your Lordship's charge may materially depend upon the promptitude
with which you |ure enabled to succour Lt. CoL Brereton's force/'
and that there are the strong reasons stated by Your Lordship
against attempting the employment of other means of eonveyance
than the Fcmmrite, I no longer feel myself in the dark, but that a
case is made out which calls for my ready co-operation in Your
Lordship's measures, which I am fully disposed to afford to the
extent of my ability.

I can have no desire, nor had I ever to extract from Your
Lordship '^ a detail of local circumstances which must be in great
measure unintelligible to me " nor of those measures of Military
Policy of which I am quite incompetent to judge rightly ; the
comprehensive statement I have received in Your Lordship's
present letter was all I ever desired, and would have been at the
first final and imperative.

No exertion shall be spared in my proceeding with 100 Troops
and all such Stores, Guns, and Ammunition as we can carry»
whenever Your Lordship may order them to be embarked. I
conceive from your Lordship's communication to me that I may
expect them on Monday. I can also take the horses which Your
Lordship requested I would, for CoL Willshire. I have &c.

(Signed) Hercitles Bobinson.

[Copy]
Letter from Sir Jahleel Brenton to Lord Charles Somerset.

Sdcoh's Town Tabd, ]9ift Februarff 1819.

My Lord, — By an article in the Admiral's instructions for the
guidance of the Captains of His Majesty's Ships whilst at. the
Cape of Gk)od Hope, they are directed to consult with me upon
points of service not abready provided for, and I am in conse-

XII. L

146 Records of the Cape Colony.

quench frequently called upon for opinions for which I of course
feel myself ofi&cially responsible.

Captain Bous some time since consulted me upon tlie propriety
of his complying with Your Lordship's request that he would
proceed for the crew of the Portuguese vessel wrecked in the
Channel of Mozambique. I recommended him in the first
instance to ascertain whether any other means offered for
performing this service, as a deviation from his orders could only
be justified by the most urgent necessity, and suggested that he
should submit to Your Lordship the expediency of the Isabella
Schooner being sent for them, which from the correspondence he
sent me it appears he did, but that the Schooner was considered
too small, and her services immediately required for taking stores
to Algoa Bay. I was a,ware of her destination, and considered
that no time would be lost, as she could discharge her cargo at
Algoa Bay on her way to Europa Bocks. With respect to her
capacity I had formed my opinion of it from her having been
previously employed in taking Troops to Algoa Bay, but as I was
uncertain of their numbers I could give Captain Bous no further
information upon the subject, and he proceeded upon a conviction
of the absolute necessity of his doing so.

The Isabella has recently put into this Bay with, as I was
informed yesterday, fifty-two persons on board, twenty-four of
whom are said to be Government slaves going as passengers,
besides some soldiers with their baggage. This circumstance
convinces me that an incorrect report has been made to Your
Lordship, of the capability oi the schooner, and I feel it my duty
to represent the fact to Your jiordship. My share of responsibility
incurred by the departure of the Podargvs from her original orders
involves me in the necessity of making known to the Commander
in Chief of His Majesty's Squadron the measures which were
resorted to previous to Captain Bous having undertaken the
service. I have &c.

(Signed) Jahleel Brenton.

Eecdrdi of tfte Cape Colony. 147

[Copy]
Letter from C. H. Somerset, Esqre., to Lieutenant Colonel

WH^LSHIRE.

Xbwlands, F^wiry 21ft 1819.

Sir, — In the absence of the Military Secretary, who is
indisposed, I am directed by His Excellency the Commander of
the Forces to desire that you may be pleased to embark on board
His Majesty's ship Favourite with the Light Infantry of the
38th Eegiment and proceed in her to Algoa Bay for the purpose
of assuming the command of the Troops and Colonial Force now
assembled and collecting in the Frontier Districts.

His Excellency has reason to believe that you will meet Lieut.
Colonel Brereton at Algoa Bay, and should you do so, that ofi&cer
(who is returning to Europe on pressing private affairs) has been
directed to hand over to you all the papers and documents relative
to the state of the Frontier and the several communications and
instructions which he has received from" His Excellency through
the Military Secretary. Should you not meet Lieut. Col. Brereton
at Algoa Bay, you will take the earliest opportunity of communi-
cating your arrival to him, in order to your assuming the command
"without delay, so that no time may be lost in commencing your
operations for expelling the Caffers from the Colonial Boundary.
The 'force entrusted to your command (which is stronger and more
efficient than any force which has hitherto been employed on the
service) is detailed in the enclosed returns, and I also enclose a
statement of the Ordnance, Ammunition and other stores which
are now embarking on board the Favourite and on board the
Alacrity (Findlay Master) which vessel has been taken up for the
service. ^

Upon your arrival at Algoa Bay you will be pleased to
communicate with the experiencec} and active Magistrate of the
District, Lieut. Colonel Cuyler, from whom you will learn the
actual state of the country, on which your immediate plan for pro*
ceeding must be formed. Ignorant as we are here of the real state
of affairs on the Frontier, it does not appear practicable to chalk
out any precise plan, but the system by which the Caffers have been
successfully expelled at former periods may be safely recommended
for your immediate adoption, and as His Excellency trusts that it

L 2

148 Records of the Cape Colony^

will not be long before tbis point is effected it will then become a
question what line of Cfvil or Military policy is wisest to adopt
under the new circumstances which shall have presented them-
selves.

His Excellency has directed me to put you in possession of the
instructions under which lieut. Col. Brereton has acted up to this
day, in order that you may be thoroughly apprized of the system
which has been adopted, and appeciate those deviations which
peculiar circumstances have given rise to. The relation of this
Colony with the Caffers must for a very long period be very
precarious ; it is advisable to conciliate all who can be conciliated
and to be firm and vigorous with those who will not be upon good
terms with us. Thus it appears advisable to support Gaika under
his present reverse, and if possible to afford him that personal
protection pointed out in the last dispatch addressed by the
Military Secretary to Lieut. Colonel Brereton on this subject.

His Excellency will very early communicate to you his senti-
ments and instructions with respect to the line you are to adopt
for the military defence of the Frontier after it shall have been
cleared of the enemy which now infest it. In the mean time His
Excellency will be glad that you should turn in your own mind
the practicability of ef&ciently supporting such a chain of front
posts as shall enable communications to be rapidly made by means
of the Signal Stations, and His Excellency will desire to have your
opinion as to the most practicable system of defence, after you
shall have had an opportunity of examining the line and learning
the state of the Country.

The situation in which the Frontier is represented to be has
induced His Excellency again to have recourse to the measure of
calling out a considerable Burgher Mounted Force ; this measure,
temporary in its nature, and harassing to men of other habits than
those of Military life, must be employed with great discretion.
The inhabitants of this Colony are kind and brave; but they
require to be discreetly managed, to be controlled with moderation,
and to be praised whenever praise can be bestowed ; they are best
commanded by their own immediate Magistracy who, acting under
the Military Orders of the Commandant of the Frontier, leave no
room to regret the link which separates them from the Military
chain. The Magistrates of both the Frontier Districts are men of
Military habits and education, the one of high rank in the service.

Becords of the Cape Colony. 1-^9

the other by his talent and intelligence making amends for the
want of that professional rank which when he was removed to the
civil service was no longer an object which he could pursue.
Your discretion will improve this hurt which will enable you to
effect much with a force which has in it considerable and
formidable elements. I have &c.

(Signed) C. H. Somerset, Aide de Camp.

[Copy.]
Letter from Captain Eobinson to Lord Charles Somerset.

His Mjuesty's Ship FawmrUe, Simon's Bat,
Tuesday Morning.

My Lord, — ^As Colonel Willshire went express to your Lordship
last night to report the arrival of the Favourite I was unwilling
to detain him to write a statement of circumstances which he
promised to detail fully to your Lordship, especially the disabling
of our foremast, which obliged me to bear up and relinquish a
Service, the difficulty of which had been abready overcome as we
had rounded Cape Lagullas, and were in a fair way for beating to
our ultimate destination when the accident occurred.

I have now the honor of stating to your Lordship, that on my

anchoring last night, as well as during this morning, I have

examined into every means which might still remain of my

carrying into effect your Lordship's wishes. I sent for this purpose

to the Captain of the Dotterel (which vessel I thought might be

made applicable to the service) but he (Captain Grore) informed

me that his mainmast had been yesterday morning found defective

and was taken out, and that it would not be replaced in less than

eight days. On the suggestion of Sir Jahleel Brenton to fit the

Dotterel temporarily for this Service with her old mast, it was

reported by the builder to be so perfectly decayed as to be unsafe

to trust across the Bay, and as considerable delay must exist in

making a mast for the Favourite, I see no possibility of applying

either of the Men of War now here " to the immediate conveyance

of a Body of Troops to the Frontier."

I state these circumstances at length to satisfy your Lordship

150 Hecords of the Cape Colony.

that nothing but a concurrence of untoward events has prevented
the completion of this Service, and as I am unfortunately (from
the reasons stated) rendered incapable of performing an instant and
uigent public duty, (the only Service which might justify my
departure from my orders), I beg to know your Lordship's wishes
with respect to the Troops and Stores embarked in the Favourite.

I mentioned to Captain Gore (whose mast I expected would be
ready before mine) the possibility of your Lordship still desiring
the services of a Man of War, but this Officer has represented to
me so strongly the state of the St. Helena Station, weakened by the
crippling of the Tees and the unexpected delay of the Podargus,
and the extreme urgency of Admiral Plampin's directions to him,
that I should not feel justified in disregarding the strong
objections which he (Captain Grore) considers it his duty to state
against any alteration in his orders for any other purpose than
that to wliich I had applied the Favourite^ namely the performance
of an immediate and important service, but which he is now with
me rendered incapable of undertaking. I have &c.

(Signed) Hercules Eobinson.

[Copy.J
Letter froin Major Eogers to Lieutenant Colonel Willshire,

GoTEBNMBBT HousE, 25(& Ffhruary 1819.

Sir, — ^The General Instructions which were framed for Lieut.
Col. Brereton when he assumed the command on the Frontier and
which will be handed over to you for your guidance, when you
relieve that officer, will clearly explain to you the relations of
this Government with the Caffer Tribe at the time LL-Col. Brere-
ton joined his Begiment at Graham's Town. The instructions in
question are jadso particularly worthy of your attentive study, as
they lay down mth great minuteness the line of policy which it
has been js^ef Vroper to adopt towards the Caffer people, a line
which His Excs^b^ey the Commander of the Forces will at all
times WOTK ±a n^et^ossity of departing fixim, although recent
ciit^iiB^&imMS otEzafaitig their unwarrantable incursion into the
AUttxv- Pt^gtm-r iTpetlvir to necessitate more eneigetic measures

.Records of the Cape Colony, 151

^ith r^ard to the Hordes who have been guilty of sio many
atrocities.

The Colonial Government has however but one object in view,
the tranquillity of its own Border, to this end the civil and military
exertions are pointed.

The Colonial Government seeks no enlargement of territory.
The known boundary of its Settlement, the Great Fish river, it
does not desire to pass; on the contrary it rigidly prohibits its
subjects from crossing the line of demarcation lest in so doing
molestation or injury might be offered to the Gaffer tribes; in
short the Colonial Government seeks no communication with the
Caffer people, unless they themselves deem that communication
useful, in which case by a public agreement made with their
chief, the means are placed in their power of coming to Graham's
Town to effect such barter as they may require. It is impossible
to conceive a fairer line of conduct in their regard, or one better
calculated to convince them that the Inhabitants of the Colony
wish to live in friendship with them ; but the Colonial Govern-
ment has gone farther, it has encouraged the settlement of a
zealous Missionary there, not only thereby to throw the elements
of the Christian faith in their way, but to endeavour gradually
to communicate to them the arts and benefits of civilized society ;
nor did a great proportion of the Caffer people refuse to acknow-
ledge the justice and benevolence of the line adopted in their
regard. The Chief Gaika (not long since considered the most
powerful of those who adjoin our Border) appears strenuously
to have exerted himself to bring the Caffer people to live on
terms of reciprocal forbearance towards the Colonists. Among
his own people he checked depi'edations, he collected and restored
a large quantity of cattle and many horses which had been
plundered from our territory, and he frequently availed himself
of the privilege of sending to Graham's Town for the supply
of his wants. The consequence of this was a tranquillity on the
Frontier, such as had not been experienced in the memory of
Man. Confidence began to be established, farms to be settled,
and there was every prospect of seeing the most highly favoured
province of this Government peopled and brought into cultivation.

These were the flattering visions which His Excellency enter-
tained when he learnt that depredations and murders within our
territory had, in an alarming degree, recommenced, and that

152 Hecords of the Cape Colony^

a combination had been formed against the Caffet Chief Gaika
by the Border Chieftains headed by his uncle TSambie for the
purpose of obliging him to give up his pacific system. Gaika
notified the change and requested assistance. He however does
not seem to have apprehended the storm to have been so nigb»
for when it was signified to him that so unforeseen a circumstance
required communication with His Excellency and fresh instructions,
he appeared satisfied to wait, and did not press for more decided
measures. In the mean time, before His Excellency's assent
to his being succoured could arrive, Gaika's enemies had overtaken
him and defeated him with great loss, his women and his cattle,
the two great objects of Cafier jealousy, fell into the hands of the
Marauders, and he retreated to the fastnesses of the Winterberg.

Meanwhile Lt-Colonel Brereton assembled a Force for the
purpose of restoring order, his instructions being to fall upon
TSambie and compel him to afford redress. Our very decided
superiority, should TSambie dare to face a European force, could
not be doubted, and it was wished that success should again throw
the strength of the wavering into Gkiika's scale and thus oblige
TSambie to retire beyond the Keiskamma. His Excellency felt
that no other object was of any value except the personal punish-
ment of TSambie and his adherent chiefs. Lt.-Golonel Brereton
was not however so fortunate as to come up with them, they
retreated to the impenetrable thickets with which the interval
between the .Fish and Keiskamma Bivers is covered, and aban-
doning their cattle or a great proportion of it, they secured by this
means their safety. Lt.-Colonel Brereton replaced Gaika in the
ground from whence he had been driven and restored to him
a quantity of cattle beyond what had been plundered from hinu
He also restored to the Colonists who had been plundered a
quantity of Caffer Cattle equal to what they had been dis-
possessed of.

In these measures Lt.-Colonel Brereton acted prudently, con-
sistently with the agreement entered into with the Caffers them-
selves, and in pursuance of his instructions ; but His Excellency
does not judge so fovourably of his having brought away so much
Caffer cattle beyond what was necessary to do justice to those who
had suffered, nor does His Excellency deem Lt.-Colonel Brereton
to have adopted the most eligible course in returning so soon
as he did, without having accomplished the object for which he

Records (^ the Cape Colony. 153

had been authorized to enter the Cafier Territory. In saying
thus much however, His Excellency desires you will not consider
hiin to be imputing blame to Lt.-Colonel Brereton, that being
foreign to His Excellency's present motives. But it is necessary
that His Excellency should be explicit in opening to you his mind
on these points, that you may fully understand his wishes should
circumstances throw you into similar situations. It has been
a maxim which His Excellency has sedulously endeavoured to
inculcate that the Colonial Government stood in no need of Gaffer
cattle, and for a long period not a head of Gaffer cattle was
suffered to be brought into this >Settlement, subsequently when
the extent of plunder made it absolutely necessary for our
Inhabitants to be indemnified for their grievous losses, it was part
of our convention vdth the Gaffers that when Golonial Gattle was
not restored, an equal quantity of Gaffer cattle should be taken.
But no encouragement or authority was ever intended to be held
out or given for breaking through this rule. When Major Eraser
returned in 1818 jfrom a incursion into GaflBraria every head
of cattle which he brought back was distributed to such as had
been plundered, there was no booty made, and it will be advisable
to recur to this mode of acting, and not by partial plunder to put
ourselves in some measure on a footing with the savages, who
have little object in their irruptions into our Districts beyond the
plunder of the Golonial herds.

His Excellency has no doubt but that you will find it easier
now to expel the Gaffers who since Lt.-Golonel Brereton's return
have invaded Albany and committed the most dreadful excesses,
than it was at former periods. The circumstances of the country
are much changed. When the Gaffers were with so much difficulty
expelled the Zuurveld, they possessed the Fastnesses of that great
and strong District ; they had been long in the occupation of the
country they had invaded; they had families and their cattle
there, and every inducement to make them cling to the soil as
long as possible ; now they are merely passengers in it, they have
neither their property nor their families, and nothing to induce
them to remain beyond the spirit of hostility which has caused
their entering it.

It will become a question when you shall have expelled them,
whether to follow them or not into their own country, and this
question must in some measui:^ be decided by circumstances.

154 Records of the Cape Colony,

His Excellency deprecates fruitless hostility, as much as he does
a system of revcDge. The generality of incursions from the
Colony have not had the effect of coming up with any body of
Gaffers and of decidedly shewing that savage race the great
superiority of European Troops. The importance of punishing
TSambie is very great, and if upon the retreat of these Marauders
from the Zuurveld there is a reasonable prospect by a prompt
and decisive blow to attain this object, His Excellency will assent
to the opportunity being seized; but it is only with the view
of forcing this marauder with his principal adherents across the
Keiskamma and of restoring to Gaika and his chiefs who remained
faithful to him the lands on the left bank of the Great Fish Eiver,
that His Excellency is induced to do so.

If the attainment of this object is not feasible. His Excellency
is of opinion that it will be more advisable to temporize than
by a few partial injuries to rouse and foment the spirit of
retaliation and revenge^ always prominent sentiments in the
breasts of savages.

It will then be your object to protect and strengthen Gaika
by concerting with him and establishing his own immediate
residence so near to a strong part of ours adequately secured (for
in intercourse with savages it is always essential to exert the
greatest vigilance) to be chosen by you, as shall protect him from
personal danger, and at the same time admit of his gradually
exerting himself to regain the ground he has lost. Whatever
therefore he may want and we can conveniently supply him with
should be given to him, and the Chiefs who are in his interest,
or who can be brought over to his interest, should be, as far as
possible, by promises and conciliating presents induced to give
him their support.

So soon as he shall be established under your own immediate
protection. His Excellency thinks it will be advisable that Mr.
Brownlee should be directed to take up his residence with him.
Upon the death of Mr. Williams (who had been a resident
Missionary near Gaika's kraals and who had made himself much
liked by Gaika to whom he was personally useful) Gaika applied
to have a successor sent to him, and His Excellency selected
Mr. Brownlee for the purpose of affording Gaika's people such
instructions as they might be desirous of obtaining. A copy
.of Mr. Brownlee's instructions was sent to Lt.-Colonel Brereton,

Records of the' Cape Colony. 155

and from him you will receive it and learn the importance of
having a confidential person with that Chief, there being no other
mode of communication entirely to be depended upon.

Should Gaika wish to have any of his sons educated in the
Colony, His Excellency will gladly avail himself of the oppor-
tunity of procuring their instruction and take charge of them
for that purpose, placing them under the care of the Moravian
Missionaries to effect it. Such a measure should be suggested
to him at a convenient opportunity, for His Excellency has more
hopes of ejecting permanent change in the disposition of the
body of Caffers towards us, by introducing among them moral
and religious sentiments and the first principles of civilization,
than by any other measure that can be pursued. If by these
measures Gaika can gradually regain the power of which he has
been stripped, and if we at the same time can continue to
encourage him in sentiments of friendship and justice to the
Colony, we shall have attained a most important end, by means
honourable and benevolent, and certainly by means which are
deserving an attempt.

His Excellency considers that notwithstanding the disasters
which have occurred, much has already been effected under the
system he laid down by the acknowledgment of a large proportion
of the savages of the justice of the principles upon which we have
endeavoured to act, insomuch that even at this moment the
position of Gaika at the Kakaberg at the head of 7000 armed men
has had the effect of protecting the district of Graaff Reinet from
plunder and devastation, and His Excellency pleases himself in
foreseeing in this strong and chosen Band the elements of a future
friendly and extended intercourse with our Caffer neighbours.

Thus far then His Excellency has endeavoured to point out the
line to be adopted towards the Caffers in circumstances which had
not been foreseen when the general instructions for Lieut.-Colonel
Brereton were prepared, but it remains for him to point out the
interior changes which appear to him to be necessary under the
circumstances which have taken place. Deprived unfortunately
as the coimtry is of cavalry, the only arm which could with certainty
repress the marauding system of our neighbours. His Excellency
is of opinion that the chain of small posts is no longer sufficiently
secure and useful for the purpose for which they were originally
intended when established with the view of acting in concert with

156 Records of the Cape Colony,

Dragoons. It does not appear to His Excellency that these posts
are either sufficiently strong for protection or aggression, and
consequently that the line as now posted cannot do more than
protect itself against attack, for which even some of the stations
are barely sufficient.

Under these circumstances His Excellency would recommend
breaking up the smaller posts for the purpose of strengthening the
remainder, and he is of opinion that every post retained should
be of such strength as to be able securely to send out a detach-
ment to the next station in case of necessity, and leave a sufficient
number within for its efficient protection in case of attack.

He has already pointed out to you the necessity of each station
being enclosed, as well as the nature of the ground upon which
it is placed will allow, whether by Wall, Fallisading, or by such
other means as circumstances shaU admit, and His Excellency
only repeats it here for the purpose of observing that he does not
think the walls of the buildings themselves adequate protection
against clandestine attempts to set fire to the thatches, and thus
that the walls or enclosures in question should be at an adequate
distance from the building where practicable.

His Excellency would gladly see the practicability of estab-
lishing the system of signals from right to left of the front line,
which he formerly directed, each signal post being protected by its
adjacent station, and thus by rapid communication ensure adequate
and mutual support His Excellency is further of opinion that
a. force should always be at ^Graham's Town sufficient to act
ofiensively, without loss of time, and thus that whatever of regular
cavalry can be collected should be stationed at that point, while
if it be not practicable to feed the other horses there, some secure
pasturage should be selected for the cantonment of the party
which shall have charge of the horses which are to continue to be
appropriated to the speedy mounting of the men of the Cape
Infantry.

His Excellency desires me to express his great anxiety that
at all times the greatest protection be given to the provision depot
at the Government farm in Bruintjes Hoogte, as his Excellency
is certain you will not fail to appreciate the great importance
of not risking the possibility of an accident happening in that
quarter. I have &c.

(Signed) G. J. KoGEKS, Military Secretary.

Records of the Cape Colony, J 57

[Office Copy.]
Letter fr&in Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, \fi March 1819.

My Lord, — His Eoyal Highness The Prince Eegent having
been pleased to confer upon Henry Ellis, Esqre., the bearer of this
dispatch, the Office of Deputy Secretary at the Cape of Good Hope,
vacant by the promotion of Mr. Bird to the Office of Secretary to
the Colony, I do myself the honor of introducing him to your
Lordship's favor and protection, and have to desire that Your
Lordship will on his arrival in the Colony place him in the
execution of the duties of that Office and of the subordinate
Appointments latterly attached to it, and in the enjoyment of all
such Salary and emoluments as were received by his predecessor
in those Situations. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Copy.]
Letter from Major Eogers to Lieutenant Colonel Willshire.

GoYEBNMXNT HousB, Hdnh 2nd 1819.

Sir, — My letter of the 25th ultimo having, His Excellency trusts,
put you into full possession of the general policy to be pursued re-
garding our relations with the Cafifers and the ultimate and perma-
nent security of our Borders, His Excellency has directed me, with
a view of aiding your judgment after the Cafifers shall have been
driven beyond the Frontier, to transmit to you an outline of a
plan (enclosed herein) which His Excellency has formed for
entering Cafiferland and enforcing submission from the Cafifers, if
it should be thought expedient to proceed into Cafiferland after the
expulsion of those Tribes beyond the Fish river. The expediency
of it however His Excellency desires me to repeat, must be well
weighed before it is undertaken, in communication with the
Magistrates of the Frontier Districts (Lt. Colonel Cuyler, Mr,
Stockenstrom, and Major Eraser) who are best judges of the time
necessary to crush the enemy ; for nothing mtcst be risked,

I have &c,*

(Signed) G. J. Eogers, Military Secretary.

158 Records of the Cape Colony,

[Enclosure in the above.]
Plan.

Gaika to be directed to keep his people quiet at the Eakaberg,
and not to be allowed to stir from thence ; this must be rigidly
attended to.

All cattle which may during the operations fall into the hands
of our force (except those required for provision) to be sent to
Gaika to be (after submission shall have been made by the hostile
chiefs) restored in his name to those \(ho submit to him.

On no account to let Gftika's people or any Gaffers whatever
mingle with, or hover round the invading Force.

The force for the advance into Cafferland to consist of at least
1500 mounted men (including the Colonial troop and mounted
men of the Colonial infantry), 300 infantry, and four guns.

This Force to enter Cafferland at three different points, say Left
Division with 500 Mounted Men with ten days' provisions, from
the Winterberg ; Bight Division of the same strength and equally
provisioned, from Kaffers Drift; Centre Division, amounting to
500 men mounted, 300 infantry, and 4 pieces of artillery, with
stores, provisions, ammunition, and camp equipage, from De
Bruin's, Wentzel Coester's, or Junction Drift (as shall hereafter
be deemed best) to proceed to a central point of Bendezvous,
which will of course be selected from the security of its position
against the attacks of such an enemy, to be fixed upon in corn-
munication with the Magistrates of the Frontier Districts, whose
local knowledge will also assist Lieut. Col. Willshire in deter-
mining upon the point at which the Central Division shall enter
Cafferland.

The place of Eendezvous is to form a Dep6t during the whole
of the operations in Cafferland, and is to be strengthened by eveiy
means as far as time will allow.

The flank divisions on arriving in Cafferland will scour the
<;ountry before them until they respectively arrive at the Depot
or central point of Bendezvous. After the flank divisions shall
have joined the central one, the operations must entirely be guided
by circumstances and the information obtained. But the Force
must remain in Cafferland until submission be enforced. It is to
be presumed that when the flank divisions shall arrive at the

Records of the Cape Colony^

159

place of Eendezvous, the central division will have reposed. It
will therefore be wise to relieve the most exhausted of the flank
divisions by an equal number from the central division.

The terms to be required from the Caffers must be the giving
up all deserters, whether whites or blacks; the restoration of
all fire-arms, and an acknowledgment of Gaika's superiority;
TSambie, Congo, and Lynx to remove their kraals beyond the
Keiskamma ; no blacks to be suffered hereafter between the Fish
river and a supposed line continued to the sea from where the
Ghonap inclines towards the Fish river. The Magistrates of the
Frontier Districts will be able probably to specify a line better
than it can here be described.

During these operations a force must be retained at Graham's
Town, Bautenbach's drift (which commands the Sand flats and is
therefore well situated for observation), Eaffers drift, Junction
drift, Eoode Wal, and Somerset Farm ; at the latter place the
force must be strong, and one gun may be advantageously placed
there.

The points of retreat in case of necessity should be Graham's
Town, Addas drift and Uitenhage, Somerset farm, and finally
Graaff Seinet.

The probable force will be :

Graaff Beinet

Uitenhage

George.

Swellendam

Tulb^h

Stellenbosch

Cape •

Cape Corps mounted

Colonial Troop

Total Mounted

Hoyal Artillery

38th, 72nd, and R. A. Corps

Hottentots discharged from the Cape
B^ment whose services will be
required and for whom arms are
sent • • • • •

400 Mounted Burghers

300

Do.

260

Do.

300

Do.

300

Do.

200

Do.

100

Do.

155

2p70

1100 Regular Infantry

150

Grand Total

3,352

160 Records of the Cape Colony.

[Copy.]

Extract from a Letter of the Landdrost of Uitenhage

to the Colonial Secretary.

UrnEVHAOB, 15 March 1819.

Sir, — I have the honor to inform you that the patrol sent into
the Zunrberg as mentioned in my last have returned, and the
Commandant Muller reports not having discovered a single Kaffer
or even the fresh trace of one.

I naturally conclude from the time the Kaffers have had and
meeting with no opposition on their return, that they have all
got into their own country with their plunder, which I sincerely
regret, as I would have wished a force could have been detached
to have cut off their retreat. There appears to me nothing now
left but that they should be made to suffer for their murderous
conduct, in their own Country; that the limits of our country
should extend, or rather that the settlement of the Kaffers should
be confined to the other side of the Keiskama, and not one, not
even Gaika, suffered to remain on this side of that line. It is
too evident from Mr. Ulbrecht's letter which I had the honor to
forward under cover of my last to you, that Congo's people were
amongst the last depredators. The residence of this chief im-
mediately facing the Post Caffer's drift you must be acquainted
with, and to shew his cunning I annex the Extract of a. letter
from B. Major Page just received.

" Gkabam'Ib Town, March 120k 1819.

"Our neighbours are at present very quiet. Congo sent a
messenger to Upper Caffer^s drift some days since, desiring to be
acquainted with the news of the day."

LCopy.]

Letter from the Bevebend Mb. Andebson to the
Landdrost of Oraaff Beinet.

Gbiqua Town, 24fft March 1819.

Sib, — Tour letter of the 2nd February with the enclosed pro-
clamation from His Excellency the Oovemor I did not get before

Records of the Cape Colony. 161

the 9th inst. It was with pleasing surprize I read them, since
the disordered state in which you found things here, the great
want of civil order which presented itself, and the evident
necessity of some serious measures being adopted to prevent the
apparent evils which seem to threaten, having given me since
your departure many anxious moments, fearing lest the strict
measures required to be used as a remedy against those evils
might have a tendency to check our Missionary exertions towards
evangelizing the heathen here, and in the more remote parts of
the interior, than with a feeling sense of gratitude, I acknowledge
the kindness of God in his providence, that His Excellency has
been directed to adopt measures so wisely calculated to remedy
those evils, while not the smallest hindrance presents itself to the
injury of the Missionary cause, and I do believe your kind inter-
position has attributed to this pleasing event.

I shall do all I can to impress the minds of the people with
a sense of the benevolent plan adopted by His Excellency, and
caution them against all insinuations which may be advanced to
the contrary, as opportunity offers I shall make known to the
neighbo^ tribes the kind offers made to tiiem.

I have not yet been able to satisfy myself as to the minds of
the people on the subject, a few approve, many seem not to like
the check to their liberty. It was a day or two before I received
your letter that some who are leading men among them went to
Lattakoe, on their return I will have them together and hear
what seasons of the year will be best suited, I think myself twice
a year .is sufficient, and think the months of April and September
will answer the best. I shall as soon as possible forward you
another letter on these points.

Since your departure I have been endeavouring to get things
on a better footing, in a few instances I have succeeded, though
in general much is still wanting, the partial reformation induced
me to allow a few to go to the Colony. This was before the receipt
of your letter.

On the 8th of October a most horrid murder was committed
here, the murderer was brought to this place, it was my opinion
he should be carried into the Colony, the people on the contrary
would have him executed here, the principal reason they assigned
was it would • have a deeper impression upon the minds of the
peopla I told them I had no authority to give my sanction, but

XII. M

162 Records of the Cape Colony^

I should submit. His execution took place on the 27th, when he
was hanged publicly in the presence of a large number of people.

Lately I was well informed that C. Buys had been on a
commando against a tribe of Briquas called the Macqueen, had
killed a number of the people, but had not plundered much cattle.

I have &c.

(Signed) W. Anderson, Missionary.

[Original.]
Letter from John Barrow, Esqre., to Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

Admtrat.ty OinoB, 26A Marth 1819.

Sir, — In reference to your letter of the 12th Instant, upon the
subject of a requisition made by the Collector and Comptroller
upon the Agent Victualler at the Cape of Good Hope, that general
permits should in future be taken out for all Victualling Stores
landed or shipped for the use of that Department, I have it in
command &om my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to send
you herewith the copy of a letter from Mr, Bicknell, their Lord-
ships' solicitor, on the above subject, and to desire that you will
lay the same before the Earl Bathurst, requesting that his Lord-
ship will, if he sees no objection, give direction agreeably with
Mr. Bicknell's opinion contained in his abovementioned letter.

I have &c.

(Signed) John Barrow.

[Enclosure.]

Sfbing Gabdkn TsRBAGi, 24(% Marek 1819.

Sir,- -In obedience to the directions of my Lords Commissioners
of the Aimiralty signified to me in your letter of the 13th instant,
(inclosing x letter from the Victualling Board, with the transcript
of one from Sir Jahleel Brenton, the resident Commissioner of the
Navy, at the Oape of Good Hope, accompanied with the copy of a
correspondenct he had had with the Governor, upon the subject of
a requisition made by the Collector and Comptroller upon the

Becords of the Cape Colony, 163

Victualling Agent, that Greneral Permits should in future be taken
out for all Victualling Stores landed or shipped for the use of that
Department, and enclosing also a letter from Mr. Goulbum on the
subject) that I should give my opinion on the legal question, how
far the construction given to the Acts of Parliament referred to, is
correct; I take the liberty to acquaint you for their Lordships'
information, that I have perused and considered the several papers
abovementioned, and inspected the two Acts of Parliament of the
13 and 14 Car. 2nd Ch. 11, 7th and 8th William 3rd Ch. 22 (which
I apprehend are the Acts referred to), and am humbly of opinion,
that the said Acts, or either of them, do not require that permits
should be taken out for Stores landed or shipped at the Cape of
Gk)od Hope, on account of the Victualling Department there ; the
first mentioned Act (Sec. 3) Enacts ''that no Captain, Master,
Purser, or other person taking charge of a ship or vessel (whether
of His Majesty or a foreign state or otherwise) shall suffer to be
laden on board such Ship or Vessel any English goods, wares, or
merchandi^ to be exported to parts beyond the Seas, nor the Captain,
Master, Purser, &c. of any Ship or Vessel wherein any goods &c.
shall have been laden or brought from the Ports beyond the Seas,
shall unload or suffer to be discharged any such goods &c. without
first delivering upon Oath to the Officers of the Customs the names
of the Merchants or Laders of the goods together with the numbers
and marks, quantities and qualities of the goods &c., and that every
such Captain &c. shall be liable to all searches, and other rules,
which Merchant Ships are subject to by the usage of His Majesty's
Custom House (Victualling Bill and entering excepted) upon pain
of forfeiting £100, and on refusal to make such entries, as well
outwards as inwards, the Custom House Officers are authorized to
enter every such Ship or Vessel, and bring away all prohibited or
uncustomed goods." The Act of the 7th and 8th William 3rd
Ch. 22, Sect. 6, Enacts, that Ships and Vessels of the above-
mentioned description, coming into or going out of the Plantations
shall be subject to the same rules, visitations, searches, penalties
and forfeitures, as are contained in the aforegoing clause of the
Act King Charles, but the introductory words of the said 6th
Section confine its operation to the Plantation Trade in America,
and there is no clause in the last mentioned Act which can by
any construction extend it to other quarters of the Globe, unless
the 4th Section can be so construed, which requires " the Governor

M 2

164 Records of the Cape Colony,

and Commander in Chief of jany English Colonies of Plantations
to take an Oath to do their utmost tliat ail the clauses contained
in the several Acts thereinbefore recited or referred to, (one of
which is the said Act of the lith and lUh Car. 2) and in that
present Act (7th and 8th WUliam 3rd) be punctually and bona
fide observed, according to the true intent and meaning thereof,
but as the above quoted clause from the 13th and 14th Car. 2 is
by the Act King WiUiam expressly extended to the Plantations
in Arnerica, I humbly apprehend the same cannot by implication
be extended to any Plantation in Asia or Africa under the general
wording of the clause, requiring the Governor to take Oaths &c.,
and therefore upon the whole, I am humbly inclined to be of
opinion (with great deference to the construction which appears to
have been put on these Acts at the Cape) that such construction
is not correct. I am &c.

(Signed) Chas. Bicenell.

[Copy.]

Letter frojn the Comptroller of Customs to the Colonial Secretary,

Custom Housb, Gapk Town, 2Qih March 1819.

Sir, — I have the honour of requesting the favor of you to lay
this letter hefa^ His Excellency the Govemor for his consideration
on a subject which most materially affects my interest.

I made seizure four months since of Seven hundred (sic) gun-
powder illicitly landed in this Bay, I brought the case before the
usual Court, who confiscated the Gunpowder for the benefit of the
parties concerned. I requested to have possession of my propor-
tion of the seizure, I was informed that under the Law I was not
entitled to the gunpowder itself, but to my share of the proceeds.
I desired that it might be sold for exportation for my benefit, I
was told that so much gunpowder could not be permitted to be
exported, but it was proposed to me and assented to by me that
the gunpowder should b^ sold for colonial use by the r^ular
Officer, and that I should receive quarterly my proportion of ihe
proceeds. Belying on this and regarding these proceeds, thus
realised, to be as clearly my property as any other thing which I
possessed, I made arrangements accordingly.

Records of the Cape Colony, 165

The Proclamation of October 1814 orders the process against
Seizure to take place in three days incases of confiscation the
Sentence to be sent on the day to the Insolvent Chamber, in order
that the Sale may appear in the Two Gazettes subsequent to
adjudication and take place without delay, and the proceeds in
every case after deducting expenses to be lodged in the Lombard
Bank for the benefit of the Parties ultimately interested therein,
according to Law and the present usage, after a period of three,
months.

The Law and present usage appoints the confiscation to be
equally divided between Government, the Fiscal, and the Seizer,
who become in virtue of this condemnation (which is complete
and final, as there was no appeal) the only persons ultimately
interested. I have therefore applied to the Sequestrator, who
declares his ignorance of the whole matter.

Learning therefore the produce of this last Quarter's Sale of the
Gunpowder to be in the Bank at the disposal of the proper person,
I have most humbly to request the favor of His Excellency to
order it to be paid over to the parties to whom it has been con-
demned. My title to that which I solicit is incontrovertible,
adjudged to me by the Law of this Land, against which no appecd
wi Tntered. I L not impUcated in aky opinionB of the sLd
of Ordnance or of any other which can alone affect their Of&cers.
My business rests on the same ground as does a decision in the
Exchequer not carried by appeal to the Lords, there is no power
in the English Constitution strong enough to stand between such
a verdict and its execution.

I do therefore tho' humbly yet confidently request that His
Excellency will do me the favor to order that to be immediately
paid over to me which is my just due by the final judgment of the
Ciourt of Law of this Colony.

Seasons of safety and of policy might make it necessary to
dispense with the Law and to refuse to the Seizing Of&cer, or to
the Sequestrator, the possession of so much gunpowder; but no
necessity can exist to stop from the parties that part of the pro-
ceeds which is realised and to which they are now fully and legally
entitled. I have &c.

(Signed) W» Wilberforce Bird,

Comptroller of Customs.

166 Records of the Cape Colony.

[Original.]

Letter from R. Lushington, Esqre., to Henry

GouLBURN, Esqre.

Tbbasubt GHAHBiBBfly ZOfh Morch 1819.

Sir,— I am commanded by the Lords Commissioners of His
Majestjr's Treasury to refer yoti to a letter of this Board of the
29th of August last, acquainting you, for theanformation of Lord
Bathurst, that it did not appear from the account current of the
Commissariat Officer at the Cape of Good Hope to the 24th of
October 1817, that any sums, arising from the Colonial Bevenue,
had up to that period been brought in aid of the expenditure of
that station. I am commanded by their Lordships to desire that
you will acquaint Lord Bathurst that since the date of their
Lordships' letter before mentioned, they have had before them
some later accounts from the officer in charge of the Commissariat
at the Cape, in which they observe that a sum of 90,000 Eix
Dollars in Paper Currency was received from the Colonial Govern-
ment in January last in aid of the Public Expenditure at that
Station. I am &c.

(Signed) R Lushington.

LCopy.J
Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the Comptroller of Customs.

OoLONiAL Offiob, Slst Mcmk 1819.

Sir, — I am directed by His Excellency the Governor to acknow-
ledge the receipt of your letter of the 29th instant, and in reply
to acquaint you that it is not His Excellency's intention to
endeavour to controvert the Statement you have submitted to him,
altho' he does not admit its correctness in every part. His Excel-
lency confines himself solely to the fact that the Gunpowder seized
and condemned by the Court of Justice, to which you refer, could
not in consequence of that condemnation have been either sold for
consumption here, or for exportation, consistently with the Laws
and Regulations of this place, and that under such circumstances
the step which His Excellency has taken, and which may be con-

Records of the Cape Colowy. 167

sidered as having delayed the execution of the Law, has been one
by which the Parties claiming under the Sentence, may be bene*
fitted but cannot ultimately be injured. The step to which His
Excellency desires me to refer being one which is extrajudicial,
and one for which therefore he is personally responsible, His
Excellency does not consider that he should be called upon to
distribute the proceeds which have been collected under it until
such time as the sanction of His Majesty's (rovemment, before
which the case is, is obtained thereto. If a contrary course is
insisted upon, His Excellency will be under the necessity of
officially interposing his authority to stop the sale (although under
execution) of an article which is, as I have before alluded to, not
distributable either for consumption or exportation by Law.

I have &c.

(Signed) C. Bird.

[Copy.]

Letter from the Beverend Mr. Anderson to the Landdrost

of Oraaff Reinet,

GBIQT7A Towv, 12^ At^ 1819.

Sir, — My Letter of the 24th March in answer to yours of the
2nd February I forwarded to the first fieldcomet at Sneeuwberg.
I then promised as soon as possible to send you an answer more
decisive relative to the seasons of the year for the market, with a
list of some articles.

Having now explained to the people the object of His Excellency
as to the plan proposed to the tribes beyond the boundaries and
convinced them of the necessity of such regulations, they appeared
satisfied, as also with the months I stated for the market, only
they requested me to solicit you. Sir, to hold the market this year
on Wednesday the 4th of August, having not been for a consider-
able time in the Colony to relieve their necessities. This I
promised to do, and hope you will be pleased to favor them on
this point.

As you wished me to send you a Ust of such articles I might
think would be acceptable, I have accordingly sent the enclosed.

168 JSeeords of the Cape Colony.

Be pleased. Sir, to favour me with an answer as to the holding
the market this year on the 4th of August, that I may be able to
inform the people. I have &c.

(Signed) Wm. Anderson, Missionary.

P.S. — ^A huge quantity of Ivory I expect will be brought to the
Market, for which many will like to have money, being indebted.

[Enclosure.]

A list of Articles required for the use and comfort
of the People beyond the Border.

CiiOitoNG. — Hats, Cloth for Jackets, Calicos, Checks, Prints,
Striped Cotton, Blue Handkerchiefs, Metal Buttons.

Fob Agbicultukb. — Plough Shares, Spades, Large Hoes.

Common Tools. — Hatchets, Hammers, Adzes, Common Size
Chisels, Do. Planes, Files, Elnives (Boslemmers), Forks.

Various. — Beads the size of a large Pea, colour Blue, White
and Black, Iron Pots of different sizes. Basons, Tea, Padlocks,
Brass Tinder Boxes and Steels.

[Copy.]
letter from Mrs. A, Schmitt to the Landdrost of Uitenhage.

WiTTE BiYiB, April Uth 1819.

Dear Sir, — ^Excuse the hasty way in which I write; our
circumstances compel me to it. We had hope that the Com-
mando who have been here would help us with regard to the
Kaffers; but alas! we have to-day experienced a more severe
attack than before. All our Cattle are gone and Bi^lU of our
best men murdered, not far from our house on the road to
Coumey. We request that you will let us know as soon as
possible what we can da Would we flee, we have no oxen:
eight Guns have the Kaffers and eight of our best men, I have
just heard nine. Do pray send us help as soon as possible. The
2 men that have escaped tell me the number of the Kaffers far
exceeds what was last here. Pray help usj we find ourselves

Becords of the Cape Colony. 169

surrounded with women crying for their husbands and children
for their Fathers. I remain in haste.

(Signed) A. Schmitt.

N.B. The Hottentot who brought this letter stated nine
Hottentots to be murdered and 7 guns taken by the Kaffers.

(Signed) J. G. C.

[Copy.]

Letter fram the Landdrost of Uitenhage to the

Colonial Secretary.

UiTENBAOi, ll(k April 1819.

Sir, — ^I have the honor to forward for your information the copy
of a letter &om Mrs. Schmitt, wife of the Principal missionary at
Wit Siver, stating the depredations committed by the Kaffers on
their settlement on the 14th Inst. The commando alluded to in
her letter were the Zwellendam people under the Commandant
linde ; linde had gone in the Zuurberg, the day before the Kaffers
committed the murder, in person with one hundred men, and the
rest of his people with the waggons had gone to Coumey, pro-
ceeding on to Graham's Town. linde sent off the day previous
to his reaching Wit Eiver to inform me where he was and that
he wished to halt with his Commando at Sweetmilks Fontyn, and
asking a supply of ammunition which I sent him as per enclosed
letter to him. Mr. Theunis's letter, also inclosed, will inform you
further the proceedings of the Commandant Linde.

The Uitenhage people, from this part of the district, intended
for the Commando, were just assembled there when I received
Mrs. Schmitt's report, and I hastened to dispatch them in a Body
tinder Commandant MuUer to the relief of the people of Wit
Eiver, and clear that part of the Country of Kaffers ; I directed
four span of oxen to be taken to the Institution, to bring out the
Families and effects of that unfortunate Society to this placa

I have further to inclose a report irom Mr. Backer of Bethelsdorp
of the 12th Inst, reporting that the Kaffers had stolen cattle from
them, on the receipt of which I dispatched a Party of armed
Hottentots to follow the Traces, and a mounted Party of In-

170 Records of the Cape Colony.

habitants to cut oflf the roads crossing the Sunday's river, and
I am happy to state, that after a pursuit of about 40 Miles, the
mounted party overtook the Kaffers, shot one of them, and got
back 42 Head of Cattle.

On the 15th the Kaffers got possession of a span of oxen
belonging to the part of the Commando lying in the Coega, near
this, which was followed up, and three out of 5 Kaffers, who were
driving the oxen, killed.

On the 14th the Kaffers stole about 40 head of cattle and 3 or 4
horses from the Post Ado's drift, after which there is a Party of
20 Mounted Farmers who have not yet returned.

I have also the honor to transmit herewith a report from the
Field Cornet Bekker from Eiet Eiver, that country lying north
of the Zuurberg, by which you will see the Kaffers have com-
mitted several severe depredations in his cometcy. I have also
received reports of upwards of 100 head of cattle being stolen on
the 12th from the Farmers residing at Hartebeest Fontyn, the
post on the road to Graaff Eeinet. I have &c.

(Signed) J. G. Cuyler.

P.S. I regret to have to inform you that the horse sickness has
shewn itself to some excess in this Quarter.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, 20^ April 1819.

My Lord, — I have received and laid before the Prince Eegent
your Lordship's dispatch of the 28th December of last year
detailing the arrangements which you had made with a view to
carry into effect, in the most beneficial Manner, that limited
encrease of official Salaries at the Cape of Good Hope which I
had authorised in my Communication of the 3rd of May 1818.

His Boyal Highness has commanded me to express his entire
Approbation of the several Measures which your Lordship has
adopted, and is happy to find that the result of your attention

Records of the Cwpe Colony. 171

to this subject has been to afford relief to a greater number of
Civil Servants than were pointed out in my dispatch, without
incurring a charge beyond that which His Boyal Highness had
originally contemplated.

The Prince Begent has been also pleased to approve of the
reasons which induced your Lordship to decline carrying into
e£fect the reduction of the number of Members of the Orphan
Chamber or of the Bank, suggested for your consideration.

With reference to the other parts of your Lordship's dispatch I
need not, 1 trust, assure your Lordship that His Boyal Highness
will be ever ready to attend as far as Circumstances will admit to
your Lordship's Eepresentation on behalf of other Civil Servants,
convinced from your Lordship's imiform attention to the pecuniary
interests of the Colony that no measures of encreased expenditure
will be recommended by your Lordship for which there do not
appear to you to be substantial grounds. His Boyal Highness
indeed will be no longer inclined to withhold his Approbation
from the Measure originally proposed by you, if it shall be found
consistent with the Assignment for the Military purposes of the
Colony of a fair proportion of its Means without imposing any
additional burthen on the Inhabitants.

In compliance with the wish communicated in your Lordship's
dispatch, I have brought under His Boyal Highness's particular
Consideration the Memorial of the late President of the Board
of Insolvent Estates, Mr. Bergh, and I have much pleasure in
acquainting you that His Boyal Highness considers his Claim to
remuneration to be of so peculiar a nature as to authorise a
compliance with the prayer of his Memorial for a continuance
of his Salary, until a Vacancy shall occur in some other branch
of the Civil Establishment, where your Lordship may deem it
advisable to avail yourself of his experience and his appointment
to which will meet with His Boyal Highness's entire Acquiescence.

I have &c.

(Signed) Bathubst,

172" Records of the Cape Colony.

LOffice Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathubst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, 200^ AprU 1819.

My Lord, — I have had the honor to receive and lay before The
Prince Eegent your Lordship's dispatch No. 17, announcing the
resignation of the Bevd. Mr. Vos, and stating that you had
appointed the Bevd. Mr. Thorn as his successor.

I am commanded to acquaint your Lordship that His Boyal
Highness entirely approves the Measure which your Lordship has
adopted to supply the Vacancy that had thus occurred in the
Colonial Church.

I have also to inform Your Lordship that I will not fail to
procure from Scotland Ministers properly qualified to supply the
Vacancies in the Colony, although firom the necessity which exists
that they should understand the Dutch Language, some difficulty
and delay must intervene. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Office Copy.]

Letter from Henry Goulburn, Esqre., to
Lord Charles Somerset.

London, Wh AprU 1819.

My Lord, — I transmit herewith to your Lordship a List of
persons (nineteen in number) who are about to embaric as settlers
at the Cape of Good Hope where they will be under the direction
of Mr. Tait who is already in the Colony.

This Gentleman's brotiier has made a deposit of JB190, being at
the rate of ten Pounds for each family ; this Sum they will be
entitled to receive on their being duly located on the lands
assigned to them, and Your Lordship will, therefore, be pleased
to draw a Bill on my Under Secretary for the amount.

I have &c.

(Signed) Henry Goulburn.

Records of the Cape Colony. 173

[Copy.]

Letter from the Comptroller of Customs to the

Colonial Secretary,

Custom Housb, Cafb Towk, 2\$t AprU 1819.

Sm, — ^An imusual press of business has prevented my acknow-
ledging the honor of your letter of the 31st Ultimo on the subject
of the seized gunpowder, and I feel obliged to His Excellency for
having taken any extrajudicial step in that business, which may
be considered to be ultimately beneficial to the parties, but I also
consider the seizure to be substantially and irrevocably vested in
us by the Law, and that there can be no cause for the sanction of
His Majesty's Government (before whom I understand by your
letter the case is) tho' no appeal having been made, I know not
how it could get there.

With regard to the Parties insisting on the usual course, in
which case you state it to be His Excellency's intention to inter-
pose his authority to stop the sale of the Gunpowder, I hope it
is unnecessary for me to say that no personal interest, however
important, could force me to a proceeding objectionable to that
Government I so much respect, and which would induce it to
suspend the acknowledged Law of the Colony by the operation
of its prerogative.

I know of no Law (tho' I may be mistaken) and I have inquired
with due diligence, prohibiting the sale of Gunpowder. I see the
Proclamation of the 13th September 1806, in which it is forbidden
to sell gunpowder to any inhabitant without a certificate firom the
Landdrost that it is for defence and wild beasts, &c., &c., but I
cannot persuade myself that this is other than a Law of Police,
and not a restriction on Gunpowder as a branch of Commerce or
as an article illicitly landed and condemned to be confiscated ; but
granting that this Law did exist in 1806, the subsequent Pro-
clamation of the 21st October 1813 annuls it, for that Law declares
that all goods when condemned to be confiscated shall be sold by
the Insolvent Chamber within a few days and the proceeds after
three months paid over to the Parties. This Law does not except
gunpowder, and that which is not excepted is universally known
to be included in the operation of every Law.

I therefore hope that I shall not be thought disrespectful or

174 Records of the Gape Colony.

presumptuous in my expectation that His Excellency will be
pleased to see this matter in a different point of view and that
He, upon further consideration, will give force and effect to the
decision of the Court of Law of this Colony which has declared
that the seven hundred barrels of gunpowder were illicitly landed
and to be confiscated for the benefit of the Parties interested, and
that His Excellency will also give force and effect to his own Law
of the 21st October 1813, which orders all seizures when condemned
to be distributed at the end of three months to the parties ultimately
interested therein. La illustration of this, I beg leave to remark
that all articles condemned in the Exchequer, however contraband
in their nature, are uniformly sold by Public Sale for the benefit
of the Parties concerned in the Seizure.

I request the favor of you therefore to lay these circumstances
before His Excellency the Governor with my prayer that, as He
has been pleased to take an extrajudicial step in causing the
gunpowder to be sold by the Ordnance Storekeeper, He will
permit me to be benefitted by that step in a receipt of that
portion of the proceeds to which I am entitled by the verdict of
the Court of Law and by the usage of the Colony. I have &c.

(Signed) W. Wilberforce Bird,

Comptroller of Customs.

[Copy.]

Letter from the Colonial Secretary to the Comptroller of CiLstoms.

Colonial Officb, 21st April 1819.

Sir, — The object of my letter of the 31st ultimo was to point
out to you the measures which His Excellency the Governor had
taken which were likely to be ultimately beneficial to you in the
matter to which your application related. His Excellency did
not therefore expect to receive from you a letter of the nature of
the one I have now put before him, which is in most respects
irrelevant to the circumstances pending.

There is but one mode of reply to your present communication,
and that is by informing you that His Excellency will not by any
act of his incur the responsibility attached to authorizing a dis-

Records of the Cape Colony, 175

tribution of the proceeds of Gunpowder sold under his direction,
now lodged in the Bank. And as this is the only part of this case
which at present rests with His Excellency, he has nothing to
remark on your further reasonings and observations. I have &c.

(Signed) C. Bird.

[Copy.J

Letter from the Landdrost of Uitenhage to the

Colonial Secretary.

UiTBNHAGB, 24fA April 1819.

Sir, — I have the honor to report that the Missionaries from the
Wit Eiver, with all their people, about 150 men, women, and
children, are now here; having abandoned for the present the
Wit Eiver, and have brought out most of their transportable
property ; what is left at the place is mostly materials preparatory
to Buildings, &c. It is their intention and wish if all goes well
to return to it, as Mr. and Mrs. Schmitt and all the Hottentots
are much attached to the place. I have done all in my power
to make their situation as comfortable to them as circumstances
would admit of. It is their intention to be useful, to work at
their different trades here in the YiUage, and make their people
work ; though before such can be commenced, having had to send
in twice to get out their effects &c., and not having the present
means of subsistence, I authorised the people receiving rations
here of bread and meat, which I hope His Excellency may please
to approve of; so soon as they are settled and their trades set
going, they wiU be able I trust to support themselves. How far
the widows and orphans of those unfortunate 9 men who were
murdered, may seem to His Lordship to demand a support Irom
Grovemment, I should hope, through you, to be informed; they
are, at the present crisis, objects worthy of compassion, and their
Brethren here, belonging to the same Society, robbed of their
cattle and present means of support, not able to lend any aid ;
but I hope in a short time to be able to report they are all able
to support themselves and distressed belonging to their community
that fled from the Wit Biver. I have &c.

(Signed) J. G. Cutler.

176 Eecords of the Cape Colony.

[OriginaL]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Gapb of Good Hofb, AprU 25ih 1819.

My Lord, — Private affairs of a very urgent nature compel me
to solicit your Lordship to obtain for me His Boyal Highness the
Prince Begent's most gracious permission to return to England for
a short period quitting this place about January next.

As I shall at that time have been upwards of six years absent
from England and as I have been gratified more than once by
your Lordship's assurance that my administration of this Govern-
ment has received the flattering approbation of His Boyal High-
ness the Prince Begent, I trust I may hope for your Lordship's
kind offices in obtaining for me an indulgence which nothing but
the most pressing family circumstances would have induced me to
solicit. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Cafb of Gkx)D Hope, AprU 25th 1819.

My dear Lord, — ^The great anxiety I am under on account of
my eldest daughter's ill state of health (who is advi/sed for the
recovery of it to return to Europe) has compelled me to solicit in
the most anxious manner possible Your Lordship's kind inter-
ference to procure me the Prince Begent's gracious permission to
return to England for a short period.

With a view to avoid intruding any detail of my private
concerns on Your Lordship, I have availed myself of the oppor-
tunity which has offered (whilst thanking Lady Bathurst for a
letter I had the pleasure to receive from her yester&ay) of entering
more fully with her upon this subject, and she will, I am sure, be
kind enough to explain my distress most fully to you, and I con-
fidently trust that Your Lordship will imder these circumstances
endeavour to obviate every difficulty should any present itself to
my request being acceded to.

Records of the Cape ColoriTf, 177

I beg to assure Your Lordship that 1 shall be ready to return
here the moment you call upon me to do so, my object being
merely to convey my daughters to England and settle them
there.

I shall not fail to place everything upon the best and plainest
footing previous to my departure (which I trust Your Lordship
will allow not to be protracted beyond the month of January
next) so that my Locum Tenens may have a perfectly smooth
course to pursue.

I have taken the liberty to enclose my official letter in this
private communication in case any peculiar circumstance (which
I trust will not occur) should render it impracticable for your
Lordship to comply with this very urgent request. Under such
a necessity I have to entreat your Lordship to cancel my applica-
tion, as I should feel mortified that a record should remain in your
Lordship's public office of an application (in which I am person-
ally so intimately concerned) having been made which had not
been acceded to. The same feeling induces me to trespass upon
your Lordship's kindness in begging you to forward my official
letter to Sir Henry Torrens (soliciting leave from my military
command) in the event only of my prayer being acquiesced in,
informing Sir Henry at the same time that the Prince Regent
has been graciously pleased to accede to my request.

Believe me &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Copy.]

Letter from Major Fraser to the Landdrost of Uitmhage.

Graham's Town, 2nd May 1819.

Sir,— By a report which I received yesterday afternoon from
the Field-comet Durant, I am sorry to acquaint you, that on the
25th ultimo the Kafifers succeeded in murdering two Slaves, and
carried off two stand of arms together with 142 head of Cattle
which they had in charge. One of the slaves belonged to
Anthonie Lombard and the other to Pieter Johannes Goosen.

XII. N^

178 Records of the Cape Colony.

This oircumstanGe took place not far from the dwelling place of
said Goosea, I have &c.

(Signed) 6. S. Fbaser, Deputy LanddrosU

[Original.]

Letter from T. P. Courtenay, Esqrb., to
Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

Gannon Bow, GOi May 1819.

Sir, — I have to request that you will submit to Earl Bathurst
the enclosed copies of a correspondence which has passed between
the Commissioners of Colonial Audit and me with regard to the
mode of stating and auditing my accoimts as agent for the Govern-
ment of the Cape of Good Hope.

On a perusal of these papers, it will be perceived that as the
servant of the Governor of the Cape, I have considered myself as
responsible to him and to him only, for the correctness of my
proceedings as Agent ; and accountable to him only for the monies
placed by him in my hands. I have always presumed that pay-
ments made out of such monies, by me his attorney^ would be
stated by the Governor of the Cape as payments made by himself.
When I have received a direction from the Secretary of State for
making any such payment, I have considered such direction in the
light of an assurance that the amount would be allowed to the
Governor, when brought forward in his account.

It now appears that the Account rendered by the Governor has
not been framed imder the same conception ; but that taking no
notice of the Payments made by me, he has returned as Payments
made, and accordingly taken credit for, the sums which he has
remitted to me, or which have come into my hands on his
account.

Although I think this method erroneous, yet I have already
informed die Board of Audit, in an interview which I have had
with them in consequence of their Secretary's letter of the 12th
Pebruary, that I considered this procedure on the part of the Cape
Gk)vemmeiit as amounting to an Instruction to me to account to
the proper Offices of Audit in this Country. But it is necessary
for my own safety, that I should be protected against the liability

Records of the Cape Oolony. 179

to a second accounting. And I have therefore to request that if
Earl Bathurst should think it fit that, under the circumstances
which I have stated, my Account should be rendered to the Board
of Colonial Audit in the first instance, such Instructions may be
given to His Excellency the Governor of the Cape, as may ensure
His Excellency's allowance of whatever sums may be passed in
my accounts by that Board.

I have further to observe that acting as the servant of the
Governor, I have hitherto conducted the expenditure of the monies
of the Government according to such Instructions only as I have
received from him; but that for the expenditure of monies im-
pressed to me by the Treasury, the authority of the Secretary of
State has been required by the Auditors.

If, under the new arrangement, a similar authority is to be
required for the whole of my expenditure as Agent for thfe Cape,
I shall take care to conform myself to that rule ; but I trust that
if the accounts already forwarded to the Cape are to be brought
back for the purpose of Audit, I shall be permitted to submit to
Lord Bnthurst for a retrospective sanction, such payments as have
been regularly made by me in conformity with instructions re-
ceived from my Employers at the Cape. I have &g.

(Signed) Th. Pee. Courtenay,
Colonial Agent for the Cape of Good Hope.

* [Enclosure A in the above.]

Colonial Audit Office, 3n2 Fehruary 1819.

Sib, — I am directed by the Commissioners of Colonial Audit po
transmit to you the enclosed queries on your account as Agent for
the Cape of Good Hope for the Year 1817, and to request your
early attention and answers to them.

I am at the same time directed to observe to you, that it
appears by the Accounts of the Colonial Government, that various
remittances have been made to you from the Cape of Good Hope,
for the service of the Colony during the time you have acted as
Colonial Agent, the Commissioners are also aware that payments
have been made by you for the Colonial Service, which have not
been included in your accounts transmitted to the Lords Com-
missioners of His Majesty's Treasury ; and I have to request that

N 2

180 Records of the Cape Colony.

you will state to me, for the information of the Commissioners,
your reasons for not having included in your Annual Accounts
transmitted to their Lordships, the whole of your transactions,
both of Receipt and Expenditure, on account of the Colony, as is
customary with the other Colonial Agents ; and whether you have
received any specific Instructions or authority for the mode of
making up your Accounts which you have adopted. I have &c.

(Signed) G. W. Brande, Secretary.

[Enclosure B in the above.]

Cannon Bow, 9fA February 1819.

Sir, — I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the
3rd inst., and to assure you that I shall without loss of time return
answers to the Queries therein enclosed by direction of the Com-
missioners of Colonial Audit.

But I am anxious to return an earlier answer to the enquiry
made by direction of the Commissioners, respecting the sums which
I have from time to time received from the Cape of Good Hope,
which sums have not been included in the accounts rendered by me
to the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury.

I can have no hesitation in acquainting the Commissioners
that I have received such sums, amounting in the whole to
£21,008 17s. 3rf., for the greater part of which I have transmitted
accounts to the Colonial Government, and of which I have in
my hands a balance of only £84. But I have not thought it
my duty to account for these sums to any other authority than
that by which the remittances were made to me. As Agent or
Attorney for the Goverament of the Cape of Good Hope, I have
considered myself responsible to that Government only; and it
has not appeared to me that any Board or Officer in this Country
can either call upon me for an account of the receipt and
expenditure of the Colonial Funds, or discharge me from the
liability under which my situation places me towards my
Employers at the Cape.

The case is very different with respect to the monies which I
have received by virtue of warrants from the Crown, or from the
Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury. In receiving
these monies, I have made myself subject to such account as

Records of the Cape Colony. 18f

might be required by the Lords Commissioners; and I have
therefore regularly furnished such accounts in the manner directed
by their Lordships. I conceive that if I were to account for the
whole which I have thus received, and to apply for no further
imprests, I should be liable to no account in this country.

Having thus stated my view of the nature of my accountability,
I trust that the Commissioners will be assured that I have no
personal wish whatever to withhold from them, or from the Lords
Commissioners of the Treasury, the accounts of any of my
pecuniary transactions as Agent to the Government of the Cape.
On the contrary, if I can be satisfied that the audit of my accounts
in this Country will, discharge me of any further responsibility for
the sums which I have received, I shall rejoice in the opportunity
of obtaining that speedy settlement which is practised at the
Board of Colonial Audit. But as I am of opinion, on the one
hand, that such an Audit would not legally exonerate me from
the obligation to account to the (rovernor of the Cape, whose
servant I am, or secure me from the disallowance of any payments
which he might disapprove, and that on the other hand, it could
not surcharge me for any payment made under his authority ; and
moreover not being aware that there is any authority in the Lords
Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury to call a person to
account who acts only as the servant of the Governor of one of
His Majesty's Foreign Possessions, I feel myself called upon to
urge the objections which I have stated ; at the same time
expressing my conviction that, if 'it should be thought desirable
that I should render my account in this Country, some arrange-
ment will be made, through the interference of the Lords
Commissioners of the Treasury, whereby I may be secured against
the liability to a double accounting, and against any imputation of
a breach of my duty to my Employer.

I have only to add, in reference to your question as to my
having received specific authority for the mode of making up my
accounts, that I stated my view of what would be regular in this
respect to the Governor of the Cape, and that His Excellency
signified to me by letter his concurrence therein. I am &c.

(Signed) Tno. Per. Coubtenay,
G. W, Brande, Esqre.

182 Records of the Cape Colony.

[Enclosure C in the above.]

Colonial Audit Offics, 12A FAmary 1819.

Sir, — Having laid your letter of the 9th inst. before the
Commissioners of Colonial Audit, I am directed, with reference
thereto, to request your attention to the 1st clause of the Act of
the 54th Geo. 3rd, cap. 184, by which their Board is constituted,
which gives them authority " for examining the Public Accounts
of all Governors, Lieutienant Governors, and other Public Ofl&cers
and Servants, and of all other Persons whatsoever, who have been,
or shall, or may be, concerned in the Receipt or Expenditure of the
Colonial EevenueS &c., or in the Receipt or Expenditure of any
sums granted by the Parliament of Great Britain in aid of those
Revenues, which accounts the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's
Treasury may deem it expedient to refer to them, for examination."

Under this clause of the Act, and upon reference from the Lords
of the Treasury, the Commissioners have examined the accounts of
Mr. Huskisson, the Agent for Ceylon, of Sir H. E. Bunbury, the
Agent for Malta, and of Mr, Penn, the Agent for the Mauritius, of
sums received by them, by remittances from the respective
Colonial Governments, as well as of sums received by them under
orders from the Lords of the Treasury, in aid of the Revenues of the
several Colonies.

I am further directed to state to you, that upon inspection of
such of the accounts of the Cape of Good Hope as have hitherto
been transmitted to this Country by Lord Charles Somerset, it
appears that he has only taken credit in general terms for the sums
remitted to you, as remittances for the service of the Colony ; and
as the examination of the particulars for which those remittances
were expended would of necessity come under consideration upon
the Audit of his accounts, you might eventually at some distant
period be charged in super, and called to account for those sums,
for which, in the opinion of the Commissioners, you might with
much more security and facility as to the production of the
necessary Vouchers, obtain a prompt dischaige by rendering an
immediate account of their application to their Board, through a
reference from the Lords of the Treasury.

Should you retain any further doubt, the Commissioners will be
happy to confer with you upon the subject, any day next week

Itecords of the Cape Cclony. 183

when you can make it convenient to call at the Office, between
12 and 2 o'clock. I have &c.

(Signed) G. W. Brandb.
T. P. Goortenay, Esqre.

[Original.]
Letter from SiK David Baird to Viscount Castlbreaoh.

London, 8^ May 1819.

My Lord, — I take the liberty of calling your Lordship's attention
to the outstanding sum of 67,705 Bix Dollars and five Stivers,
due to the Officers and Men employed at the surrender of the Cape
of Good Hope in 1806, and request that your Lordship will be
pleased to give directions for such sum to be paid forthwith to the
Agents in order that the final distribution for such capture may
take place.

I beg to refer your Lordship to my letter of the 10th June 1810
to the Earl of Liverpool respecting this Sum, and to the corre-
spondence which took place during that and the following year,
when your Lordship was pleased to give directions to the then
Grovernor of the Cape to transmit the above sum to this Country,
but which has never been done as I am assured, on account of
there not being Funds in the Treasury of that Colony.

The condemnation of this Property took place in the High Court
of Admiralty so long since as the 24th of March 1809, and I trost
if the Money has not yet been remitted, that your Lordshipwill
not at this late period delay ordering the same to be paid, it being
now upwards of thirteen years since the Capture of the said
Settlement, and such sum, being then tihe property of the Captors,
was lodged in the Colonial Treasmy at the Cape, as appears by
the Documents and Papers heretofore submitted to His Majesty's
Government, at which period the Bix Dollar was worth three
Shillings and one Penny each, making in the whole the sum of
£10,437 lis. 4d. Sterling. I have &c.

(Signed) D. Baird, GeneraU

J84 Records of the Cape Cohny^

[Copy-l

Letter from the Landdrost of Uitenhage to the

Colonial Secretary.

UiTENHAGB, \01h May 1819.

Sir, — I have the honor to transmit the enclosed Letter just
received from Major Fraser, reporting the murder of two Slaves,
and 142 head of cattle stolen, on the 25th ultimo by the Kaffers
on the Skirts of the Hoogte. As also to cover ^ sketch of the
other depredations committed in Uitenhage since my last report.

And have &c.

(Signed) J. G. Cuyler.

[Original.]

Letter from Messrs. Vernon, Harberd, aind Stracey to

Eabl Bathurst.

London, \2th May 1819.

The Gentlemen who had the honor of applying to Lord Bathurst
respecting the colonization of the Cape of Good Hope beg leave
to submit the following brief observations to his Lordship's con-
sideration, ii^ the hope that the serious attention of His Majesty's
Government will be turned to the subject ; and at the same time
they are desirous to assure his Lordship, that feeling as strongly
as they do the importance of the measure for the good of the
country at large, they will be most happy to do everything in
their power which may tend to promote the object.

At the same time they think it due to themselves to state that
they are not influenced by any personal or interested motives,
directly or indirectly, that they are ready to give their personal
exertions and to incur pecuniary risk, if the sanction and en^
couragement of Government can be afforded them, but that they
shall feel much better satisfied if the object can be effected by
Government itself, and attained without their further interference.

The most eligible spot for present cultivation appeara to them,
from the best information they have been able to collect, to be
from Mossel Bay in 22"^ 17' to the Great Fish river in 27° 20' East

fiecords of the Cape Colony^ 185

longitude, the further part of which is entirely unoccupied, the soil
for the most part is fertile, the climate most favorable, the country
affording both wood and water, on the coast good bays and an
abundant fishery, in short requiring nothing but capital and
industry to render it perhaps the most valuable Colony in the
possession of this Country. The present Colonists are still per-
mitted to follow the same course in obtaining a grant of lands
which either from ignorance or from motives of state policy was
pursued by the Dutch whilst the Colony was subject to their
control, viz. to permit any colonist to select a favorable situation,
and having fixed a stake or mark to walk from it for one hour in
a straight line, then assuming this line as the diameter of a circle,
he was permitted to hold the land contained within the circle on
the payment of an annual rent of twenty-four rixdoUars or about
three pounds sterling ; thus supposing him to have walked three
miles, he has an area of from eight to nine square miles or not
less than five thousand acres, cultivating perhaps at the utmost
fifty acres for the support of his family, and leaving the remainder
entirely unoccupied, in a condition useless to himself, injurious
to the colony, subversive of any attempt at civilization, and
paralysing any effort of improvement. A more effectual system
of discolonization could not have been devized.

This system should undoubtedly be put an end to, especially as
it can be done without any injury to the present Colonists, but on
the contrary with real benefit. They are in point of fact only
tenants from year to year, and might be dispossessed of the whole
immediately. Instead therefore of their remaining tenants at will
of so large a portion of land, alike useless to themselves and to
the community, an allotment should be given to each of them to
hold in fee, say to the extent of two hundred acres, without the
payment of any rent or acknowledgment, on the remainder being
given up by them, and they might be allowed to hold as much of
the remainder next adjoining the 200 acres in one plot but not in
separate patches, and not exceeding 200 acres more, at the rate
(say) of two shillings an acre, with an option of purchasing such
last 200 acres, within the space (say) of five years, and at the
rate of (say) 10 yeai*s purchase upon the above rent, and in case
they should refuse so to purchase it, then the same to revert to the
Crown.
New settlers might have leased to them at the rate of 2/ an acre,

186 J^ecords of th6 Cape Colony*

any quantity not exceeding 400 acres, with a power of purchasing
the whole or any part not being less than half, at the end of five
years, and at the rate of ten years purchase upon the above rent.
As rivers are of such very great consequence in this country, road-
ways of — feet wide should always be reserved in these grants for
the purpose of enabling settlers who have not lands on the banks
of the river to have free access to the water, and they should
also be restrained from diverting the waters from their present
courses to the injury of the lands of others.

It is generally believed that in the year 1816 when general
distress was so prevalent in this country. Lord Charles Somerset
wrote home expressing himself in the strongest terms to Govern-
ment as to the resources of South Africa being most ample in the
meaning of relief to our surplus starving population. If this
information is correct, it may perhaps supersede the necessity of
consulting with Lord Charles Somerset in the first instance, but
whatever may be the determination of His Majesty's Govemment
npon the proposition now laid before them, as early an answer
from Lord Bathurst as may be consistent with His Lordship's
convenience is earnestly requested.

(Signed) George Vernoi^,

E. Harberd,
E. Stracey.

[Original.]
Letter from E, H. Crewe, Esqre., to Henry Goulburn, Esqrk.

Oivios oi" Obdnahce, IQth Map 1819L

Sir, — Having submitted to the Master General and Board of
Ordnance your letter of the 27th ultimo, adverting to communica-
tions from this Department to the Treasury in regard to a fee to
the Deputy Secretary of the Government at the Cape of Good
Hope upon gunpowder issued to the inhabitants of the Colony
from the Ordnance Stores, as well as to the seizure of certain
Ordnance Stores oh board the Stbsannah Transport, and trans-
mitting copies of a dispatch and other papers received from the
Governor of the Cape of Good Hope upon those points, in refereQpe
to which Earl Bathurst suggests the ropiiety of enforcing, on the

Reeards of the Cape Colony. 187

part of the respective Officers of the Ordnance at the Cape^ a due
obedience to the laws of the Colony, the neglect of which appears
to have occasioned some loss to the public ; I have it in command
to acquaint you, for His Lordship's information, that the Metster
General and Board having taken the same into consideration,
together with a farther correspondence which they have had
before them, touching the seizure, by the Officers of the Bevenue
at the Cape of a quantity of gunpowder, Military Stores, and
Stationery, forwarded by the Transports Hebe and Minstrel for the
service at that place and at the Isle of France, and certain legal
proceedings instituted against the Ordnance Storekeeper, His
Grace and the Board have authorized a Communication to the
respective Officers at the Cape to the following eifect : —

It is explained to them that the Master General and Board have
nothing further to say on the question of the fee to the Deputy
Secretary of the Governor, since the matter has been brought
under the consideration of the Grovemment, with whom it will
rest to sanction or forbid the receipt of it in future. Bat the
Kespective Officers are positively forbid to issue any gunpowder
from the stores for the use of the inhabitants, excepting upon the
requisitions of the Governor or of his officers according to the
usual practice, or to receive any fees themselves upon such issue.

Upon the other point before referred to, viz. the seizure of
gimpowder and other stores by the Custom House Officers at the
Cape notwithstanding those stores were imported for the service of
His Majesty ; it is explained to the Bespective Officers that the
Master General and Board impute the whole blame to the conduct
of the Storekeeper and to the other officers of the Ordnance at that
Station ; for, notwithstanding that, under His Majesty's order in
Council of the 30th October 1818, the Board of Ordnance were
permitted to export gunpowder, arms, &c., &c., to the Coast of
Africa, it does not follow that the Officers of the Ordnance are to
claim a right there, or in any part of His Majesty's Dominions,
to import stores of any description without attending to the laws
of the Government of such part of His Majesty's Dominions ; and
the Master General and Board will not sanction any system under
which the Officers of their Department may affect to claim an
exemption from the operation of those laws.

It is further stated lo the Eespective Officers at the Cape that
it appeiirs they wer«, in tliis particulai* instiince, warned of the

188 Records of the Cape Colony.

inconvenience likely to result from their not attending to the lawr
of the Colony upon the importation of the gunpowder and stores,
that they however still omitted to obey those laws until the gun-
powder was seized and the other stores were condemned and sold,
and that, in the opinion of His Grace the Master (General and
Board, they, and particularly the Storekeeper, are and ought to be
held responsible for all the losses which have been incurred upon
the occasion.

The Master General and Board have also given the Respective
Officers to understand that the first duty of all the Inhabitants of
a Colony, including those employed under the different Depart-
ments of the Government at Home, is to obey the laws for the
Government of that Colony and the orders of the supreme
authority on the spot ; that those employed under the Ordnance
must of course keep the Master General and Board regularly
informed of the orders which they may have received from time
to time and of the execution of them ; and that it will rest with
the Master General and Board of Ordnance to take such steps as
they may think proper in case the orders of the Governor of such
Colony shall be deemed by them inconsistent with or inconvenient
to His Majesty's Service.

I am, at the same time, to request you will state to Earl
Bathurst that I have, by the Master General's and Board's desire,
called upon the Eespective Officers to state their answer to the
Charge made against the Storekeeper of disobedience to the orders
he received on the subject of the laws of the Colony. I have &c.

(Signed) E. H. Crewe.

[Copy.]
Memorial of Andrew Stockenstrom, Esqre.

Bavtaan's Bitsb» May IMh 1819.

To His Excellency the Eight Honorable Lord C. H. Somerset,
Governor and Commander in Chief, &c., <fec., cfec.

The Memorial of Andrew Stockenstrom humbly sheweth
That Memorialist finding near the Sources of this Eiver in the
Mountains some Waste Government T.«and, occasionally occupied

Secords of the Cape Colony. 189

by some wandering Fanners, but mostly uninhabitable, on account
of the depredations of the Cafi&es and Bosjesmen, which Land
however Memorialist conceives from the prospects the Commando
holds forth, may in time become more safe, and be a good Cattle
Farm; wherefore Memorialist begs Your Excellency may grant
him the same, on such terms as the Laws make it attainable to
any other Individual.

And Your Excellency's Memorialist as in duty bound will ever
pray.

(Signed) And. Stockenstrom,

[Copy.]

Letter from the Comptroller of Customs to the

Colonial Secretary.

Custom House, Cafe Town, 17th May 1819.

Sib, — I had the honor of receiving your letter of the 27th
Ultimo, in which was an inclosure from Lord Bathurst, desiring
the explanation of a Seizure of Ordnance Stores made in the
Susannah. I presume His Lordship must allude to certain
Ordnance Stores seized in the Hebe for a clandestine and illicit
landing, and confiscated by due course of Law, of the justice of
which confiscation the parties here were convinced, as they made
no appeal therefrom to the Court of Appeals in this Colony.

I beg leave therefore to state for the information of His
Excellency the Governor, and in reply to Lord Bathurst*s inquiry,
that the Heie arrived in October last with a cargo in which were
included certain stores for the Ordnance Department and for the
Storekeeper General. The Laws of this Colony require the OflScers
of His Majesty's Customs to levy a duty upon all goods imported,
and also a fee of one Bix dollar for a permit or sufiTerance, which
duty and fee are carried to the account of Government.

This duty and fee is therefore on all occasions strictly enforced
and collected (except when by special application to the Govern-
ment an order is sent not to levy it), the not doing so subjects the
OfiBcer to a penalty of 600 Pounds for each offence, and to K ^
declared incapable to serve the Crown in any post whatever. ^^

190 Records of the Cape Colony,

Of all this the Ordnance Storekeeper was apprized. Several
letters for months preceding had been written to him on the
subject in the hope that he would conform to these colonial
regulations, with which he was made acquainted. The Store-
keeper Oeneral who had also goods in the ship Hebe did regularly
apply to the Government for the remission of duties, which was
granted, and an order came to this Office accordingly.

The Ordnance Storekeeper on the contrary made no application
to the Government for an order to land duty free, nor to the
Custom House for a sufferance or permit to land, nor for a Custom
House Officer to attend, as is required by the law here, when
anything is lauded at places distinct from the wharf; but assumed
the right and exercised the power of hiring boats and landing
certain barrels of gunpowder when and where he pleased, at his
own choice, in defiance of the Law and to the extreme peril of
this Town and its inhabitants.

These barrels of gunpowder were seized by the Customs on the
ground that there was no permission from Government to land
them duty free ; no permit or sufferance applied for or granted ; no
Bill of Lading or power from the Master General of the Ordnance
as required by the act and order of Council; no licence to the
ship to carry gunpowder ; and no Officer of the Customs to attend
at the landing at an unusual place.

On a]l the grounds the decision of the Court, not appealed
from by the parties, confirmed the seizure and ordered the gun-
powder to be confiscated and the proceeds paid over to the parties
according to the Laws of the Colony. This decision has irre-
vocably confirmed the seizing Officer in his share, which is one
third; and I humbly hope that both His Excellency and Earl
Bathurst will approve the conduct of the Custom Department in
upholding and enforcing Laws and regulations necessary to the
correct levy of the duties of the Customs, and I beg leave to add
that the attention of this Office was more particularly called to
the Ordnance Imports, in consequence of what had occunied at
Woolwich in the seizure of goods among Ordnance Stores, as well
as on account of suspicion naturally excited by the determination
of those here to admit no control, inspection, or interference from
the Custom House Officers, who are by Law appointed to examine
the legality of all imports and exports and by their diligence to
guard and protect the Public Bevenue. I cannot avoid expressing

Records of the Cape Colony^ 191

my hope that His Excellency the Governor will cause the different
letters written to the Ordnance Storekeeper previous to the seizure
to be annexed to the explanation which I now have the honor to
submit to his consideration, in order to shew to Earl Bathurst the
forbearance of the Customs and the pertinacity of the Officer of
Ordnance. I have &c.

(Signed) W. Wilberforce Bird,

Comptroller of Customs.

[Original.]

Lf^ter from Messrs. Vernon, Harberd, and Stracey to

Earl Bathurst.

21 Gbeat Obosob Stbebt, London, 17fb May 1819.

The undersigned Gentlemen beg leave to recall to Lord Bathurst*s
locollection the printed observations relative to South Africa, and
also a letter from them dated 12th May which they had lately
the honor of laying before his Lordship, and they now submit
to his consideration the propriety of recommending to His Majesty's
Government certain measures in order to carry their objects into
effect.

The undersigned conceive that it will be requisite in the first
place that His Royal Highness the Prince Eegent should make a
grant of certain lands, viz. from Plettenberg's Bay inclusive to the
Great Fish River and fifty miles inland along the line of coast.
Also a grant of a thousand acres upon the mouth of the Knysna
and the same on the borders of Saldanha Bay for the purpose of
forming mercantile depdts, to certain persons and their successors
in free and common socage to be held for the purposes in such
grant to be set forth. That a charter under the terms and
restrictions deemed advisable should then be granted, securing those
who embark in this enterprize and undertake the management
thereof from all responsibility beyond the amount of their respec-
tive subscriptions. Upon receiving from your Lordship an
assurance that these proposals are approved of, and that they am
likely to receive the sanction of Government, the promoters of the

192 Records of the Cape Colony.

plan will immediately use every exertion to procure subscriptions
and will promote by every meai^ in their power the success of the
undertaking.

(Signed) George Vernon,

E. Harbbrd,
E. Stracey.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, 20<ft May 1819.

My Lord, — I have had the honor to receive your Lordship's
dispatch of the 17th December last, in which you submit the
propriety of extending the discretionary power vested in your
Lordship to grant Leave of Absence to such Colonial Officers as
business or ill health might place under the necessity of repairing
to England.

The general Begulation to which your Lordship alludes and of
which you have now requested some modification was intended
merely as a check upon persons requiring or obtaining leave of
Absence without good and sufficient ground, by placing it in the
power of the Government at home to compel the immediate return
to the Colony of any Civil Servant who might improperly have
obtained leave of Absence. In the case of the Cape of Good Hope,.
I am not aware that this power of Control would be weakened by
extending to a period of Six Months the leave of Absence to be
granted by your Lordship, as it would equally impose upon the
party obtaining it, the necessity of applying on his arrival at home
for an extension of his leave, to which no objection could arise,
unless in cases in which the original authority to quit the Colony
had been improperly obtained. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

Records of the Cape Colony. 193

[Original]
Lettw from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Gape or Good Hope, 22fu2 May 1819.

My Lord^— It is with deep regret that I find the painful duty
imposed upon me of acquainting your Lordship that our Frontier
is very seriously disturbed and that our restless neighbours the
Gaffers have for some time past committed great and increased
depredations in their predatory incursions into the province of
Uitenhage. The success attending their numerous plundering
inroads since the Dragoon Begiment has been withdrawn from
hence, appears gradually to have emboldened them, and relying on
their numbers to have induced them to attack His Majesty's
Troops, when they could fall in with any small patrol. On various
occasions this has cost the service some few valuable lives, but I
cherished the hope that things would resume their usual train and
that the resistance which even the smallest numbers of our
Military had successfully opposed to their attacks would have
convinced them of the ultimate punishment which would await
them, should these aggressions be persisted in.

The event however has not hitherto justified my expectation,
and it necessitates my communicating to your Lordship that I have
received advices from Lt. Col. Willshire of the 38th Eegt., who
commands on the Frontier, stating that on the 22nd of last month
the Caffers, 10,000 at least in number, attempted to surprize
Graham's Town, the principal position on the Frontier and the
depdt of stores and ammunition. The close bushy country which
intervenes between Graham's Town and the Gaffer border, had
enabled this body to approach very near the place before they
were discovered, and when they were partially so Lieut. Col.

Willshire was absent inspecting a part of
S^J?^;^P- • • ^ the Colonial Troop of Cavalry at some

88th Light Company . 45 .. . „ 4.1. m xu n

Boyal African Corpa . 135 distance from the Town ; the small garri-

Oape Corps .... 82 SOU not exceeding altogether 320 men, and

Armed Men mattached 32 consisting of the detachments named in

Total ... 333 the Maigin, was ably drawn out and

formed by Capt. Trappes of the 72nd Eegt.
for the defence of the place, and 60 men of the Eoyal African
Corps under Lieut. Cartwright were detached for the protection of
xn. o

194 Becords of the Cape CoUmy.

the Barracks, which are situated about 2000 paces from the Town
which itself is straggling and open. As soon as Lieut. CoL
Willshire was apprized of what was going on, he put himself at
the head of the Troop and rode towards the enemy to reconnoitre,
and found him advancing with a rajddity which had nearly
prevented the Lieut. Colonel's retreat upon the Town ; however he
joined his small force and made the necessary dispositions for
receiving the attack.

The Gaffers halted on an eminence to make their last arrange-
ment and divided their force into three columns, commanded, (it
is supposed) by the three chiefs who are known to be principally
hostile to the Colony, viz. Tsambie, Congo, and Lynx; two of the
Columns were directed upon the Town, the third advanced against
the Barracks, while about 1000 men were posted between Graham's
Town and the nearest station from whence relief could come to our
Troops (Blue Krans), they advanced by signal (at a discharge of
musketry from an adjoining hiU) and rushed forward with great
impetuosity and making the air resound with their appalling
shrieks.

Lt. Col. Willshire received them with fimmess and when but at
a few paces opened his fire of Artillery and Musketry upon them
with such effect as very soon to check their progress and evidently
to make them waver. Our little band cheered in its turn and
advanced towards the Enemy who very soon retreated, dragging
away numbers • of his wounded. The attack at the Barracks
lasted longer, the enemy having penetrated even into the Barrack
Square, but Lt. Cartwright defended his post with great intrepidity,
and drove back the enemy after having killed nearly treble his
own numbers, of whom 102 were afterwards counted in the
Barrack Square alone.

The whole loss of the Caffers on this occasion, in killed, cannot
be estimated at less than between 700 and 800, whilst our loss
only consisted in 3 kUled and 5 wounded. We learii that Tsambie
lost 3 sons in this affair and that the Caffers retreated into their
own country with a great number of wounded.

After having described this gallant effort of Lieut. CoL Willshire
and the small force with him on the 22nd of April, it is proper I
should detail to your Lordship the circumstances which have
gradually brought on the present state of things on the Frontier
and explain to your Lordship the measures I have been compelled

Records of the Cape Colony; 195

to take and the hopes I have of their success with the inadequate
means this colony possesses.

Your Lordship will doubtless recollect that the frequent
depredations of and murders committed by these restless
marauders compelled my predecessor to send a large force to
expel them from that portion of this Colony called the Zuur-
veld, or Albany, of which some tribes of Gaffers under the chiefs
before named had taken possession, driving out the Inhabitants
and burning and destroying their dwellings and plantations ; this
having been effected, with greater facility than had been anticipated,
by the promptness of the measures which were at that period
adopted; a chain of posts was established along the Colonial
Soundary with the view of repressing future incursions, and these
posts were occupied in considerable force by Troops which could
be, without inconvenience, spared from the Garrison then allotted
to this station and by a large proportion of mounted Burghers
who were kept in this service tiU it should be apparent that order
was re-established.

It next became necessary to conciliate the Caffer Chiefs, and the
instructions to the Magistrates and officers commanding on the
frontier were always urgent on this important point. StUl however
depredation in some degree continued, but the chiefs disclaimed
giving any countenance to the perpetrators, and indeed offered to
punish the offenders should they be pointed out to them. The
principal chief Gaika expressed his great wish to be on terms of
friendship with us and his approval of the steps which had been
taken for driving the Caffers into their own country, as he said
they had only occupied part of the Colony, the better to withdraw
their allegiance from him, whose vassals they, properly speaking,
were. It was in this situation of affairs that I determined to
have an interview myself with the whole of the Chiefs of the
Border, and to explain to them our pacific and friendly intentions,
and the conference took place early in Apnl 1817, which I had
the honour to detail to your Lordship on the 24th April 1817.

The stipulations of the agreement then entered into with Gaika
and acceded to by Tsambie and the other border chiefs were with
tolerable good faith adhered to for some time, and at no period
had the Frontier provinces been so tranquil or promising greater
improvement ; but the reduction of the Garrison, which necessitated
the weakening of the border defence, the description of soldier

0 2

196 Records of the Cape Colony.

which we were obliged to employ on the service (the African Corps
and 60th Eegiment composed of convicts and deserters), and above
all the removal of the cavalry, the only arm with which these
marauders can be effectually pursued, soon gave room for appre-
hending that some of the Chiefs repented having acceded to the
regulations by which they were bound to indemnify the Colonists
when depredations were committed which could be traced to their
people; still Graika continued unshaken and faithfully caused
restitution to be made to us when demanded and often anticipated
our wishes on this head. I was therefore convinced that so Ions:
as his preponderance continued the Colony would not be seriously
injured, altho' I saw with regret that the minor incursions became
more frequent and that murder had often been committed^
particularly upon two privates of the 72nd Begt.^ which outrage
was subsequently traced to Tsambie's people.

In this situation of our affairs I learnt that a combination had
been formed against Gaika, grounded upon his having refused to
depart from our alliance and join the other borderers in their
intentions to plunder the Colony, and that Chief sent to request
assistance from the Oflicer commanding on the Frontier. Before
my instructions on this head however had reached Graham's Town,
the combined Caffers had attacked Gaika, defeated him with great
loss, burnt his habitations, destroyed his stores and plantations,
and carried off a vast quantity of cattle from the numerous kraals
of his people. The dispirited chief retreated towards the Colony
and again sent for aid.

By this time it became apparent that it was essential Guika's
cause should be espoused, for throwing off the mask towards the
Colonists, the system of plunder fearfully increased and with it
the usual number of murders. Lt. Colonel Brereton therefore was
authorised to call 'Tsambie to account, and he entered Caffiraria
with a small force of MiUtar and Mounted Burghers. 'Tsambie
however, altho' at the head of not less than 18,000 men, evaded
him and retreated to those thick and to us impenetrable fastnesses
which afford these people the shelter which enables them to annoy
us so frequently. Cattle however, in great number, was seized by
our people, and ample restitution made to Gaika, who was replaced
in the position from which he had been driven. It was however
unfortunate that Lt. Colonel Brereton did not more rigidly execute
the Instructions which had been given to him, for, returning to

Records of the Cape Colony, 197

Graham's Town without having effected anything against the hostile
Chiefs excepting the recapture of vast quantities of cattle which, as
I before said, fell into his hands, and disbanding the Burgher force
which had accompanied him, he gave 'Tsambie an opportunity of
doing that which has actually followed, that is of entering our
territory with the large numbers he had with him at a moment
when we were without sufficient force to repress the incursion, being
entirely without Cavalry, without which it is impracticable to come
up with the light armed and half naked active savage, and to renew
his hostile operations against the Chief Gaika, who again retreated
to the Kakaberg ; the numerous incursions which have since taken
place have caused the greatest distress to our Inhabitants ; from the
Fish to the Sunday rivers most of them have abandoned their
dwellings, unless situated near the Military Stations, and have
assembled in bodies upon the spots best calculated for their defence
in case of attack, and for mutual support.

As soon as I learnt these transactions (Lt. Col. Brereton having
expressed his desire to be relieved in the command) I selected
Lt. Colonel Willshire of the 38th Eegiment (an officer of consider-
able reputation) for this duty, and not having any regular force to
spare beyond the numbers then employed on the Frontier, I have
resorted to the Colonial expedient of calling out a proportion of
armed and mounted Burghers from each province of the Settle-
ment; this call has been met with an alacrity which is highly
creditable to the Colonists, and I have the pleasure to inform your
Lordship that there are now 2000 well armed and appointed
Burghers on the frontier road, to cooperate with the military in
restoring order, according to Instructions which have been given
to CoL Willshire, of which I transmit herewith complete copies to
your Lordship, and I am further happy to say that the utmost
cordiality prevails between the Military and Inhabitants, of which
I have from both sides the most indisputable assurances, nor have
I a hesitation in the opinion that order would have been already
restored, had not a combination of untoward circumstances operated
to retard Lieut. CoL Willshire's movements.

An unusual drought for near 9 months, which has brought us to
a state of scarcity, had so impoverished the horses that it has
required much time to collect such as were in sufficiently good
condition to take the field, and these have required considerable
rest when they reached the frontier, full 700 miles distant from

198 Records of the Cape Colony.

this place. Then again the horse distemper, so fatal in this
Settlement, but which had not appeared for some years past, has
attacked many of them and proved nnnsually destructive, the
Swellendam detachment having lost 220 out of 300, which was
Uieir quota. These as well as the other deficiencies have by very
great exertions been replaced, for as there is not an Inhabitant here
who does not feel the necessity and importance of the case, every
nerve is strained to give efficiency to the generous exertions of
their comrades.

Tour Lordship will, I am persuaded, feel with me that although
there is little doubt of Lt. Col. Willshire's effecting the object of
his instructions, yet that other measures are required to ensure that
future tranquillity of the Settlement without which this Colony,
which has hitherto flourished under the British Grovemment, must
recede and be irretrievably ruined; the rudiment of that tranquillity
which it is so important for us to attain is, I apprehend, in the
division which exists among the Caffer tribes. Oaika still at the
head of 10,000 fighting men remains faithful to our cause, and
looks to us for protection upon the just ground that his reverse
and losses have been brought upon him by having adhered to that
pacifick line of conduct which, beneficial to the Colony, has at
the same time broken in upon the habits of the tribes which were
subject to him and incensed many of them against him. By
supporting the interests of this Chief and interposing his people
between the other tribes and the Colonial frontier a great step will
be gained towards future security ; but so long as the habits of
Savages remain imbroken the Colony will nevertheless be exposed
to the changes incident to the fickleness of that character, and the
death or removal of a friendly chief will be liable again to bring on
the system of plunder and assassination which has depopulated our
fertile border and which the moderate and pacifick views of the
present Chief contribute temporarily to controL

With the view therefore of introducing other habits and of con-
tributing to the future civilization of this interesting and energetic
people, I have gladly availed myself of the wish expressed by the
Chief Gkuka to have an instructor placed with him, who should
teach himself and his people the doctrines of his Christian neigh-
bours and at the same time introduce among them the European
system of agriculture, and I have appointed Mr. Brownlee, an
enthusiastick and intelligent man, selected for his piety and moral

JRecerds of the Cape Colony. 199

character, to reside with this Chief and to direct his labours to
these objects and use his best endeavours to convince all the
Gaffer Chiefs how mutually beneficial it will be that friendly
relations should be renewed and maintained between themselves
and the Colonists. Your Lordship will see in the enclosed copy
of the letter of instructions which I directed to be addressed to
Mr. Brownlee on this subject, how anxiously I have entered into
the details of this measure.

That the most beneficial result may be expected in due time
from this attempt, I do not permit myself to doubt, but that its
operation can only be gradual and that the Chiefs who are now
in arms against both His Majesty's Colony and the Chief Gaika
will use every endeavour to counteract it, is no less certain, and
therefore this system is not solely to be trusted to, but it is
essential that it should be supported by that prudential strength
which shall tend to overawe the restlessness of our hostile and
wily neighbours; to this end two measures appear to be absolutely
necessary, viz. to occupy a front line with strong posts of Cavalry,
and to organize Colonization in the rear, which by spreading over
a very fine and fertile country shall at no distant period be
sufficiently strong to protect itself against aggression. I cannot
too strongly recommend this suggestion to your Lordship's notice,
hearing in various quarters that a great part of our overflowing
population is in want of the first necessaries of life, there seems
here to be a spot of great resource ; it is true that first establish-
ments cannot be set on foot with fair prospect of success without
persevering energy and without liberal support, but with these
much may here be done, and it would prove eventually the most
economical defence of the frontier ; but on this topic I beg to refer
your Lordship to my dispatch of the 18th December 1817, No. 99,
in answer to your Lordship's queries on this subject dated
28th July 1817.

These steps may again be aided by taking up a strong position
on the Keiskamma Biver, a beautiful and rich country in the rear
of those tribes who now so grievously molest us; this measure
would very essentially tend to check the present inroads, for it is
hardly to be supposed that the Caffers will attempt to invade our
territory, leaving in their rear a force which would infallibly
destroy their own country while they were absent in aggression
upon ours. Your Lordship will, I am persuaded, perceive that thia

200 Records of the Cape Colony.

proposition is with no view whatever of adding to our present
territory, as such a project is in direct opposition to the tenor of all
the instructions I have given. It has been wisely remarked in a
late public document "that experience has shewn that independent
savage communities cannot long exist within the limits of a
civilized population/' and indeed it appears to be equally
necessary and advantageous to the parent state that here, as in the
case from which the above quotation is extracted, the savage
tribes should lose their independence at least partially, and be
brought under the control of His Majesty's Government.

Populous and possessing a very rich country, these tribes would,
if civilized, be of immense importance, and open a large field for
commercial speculation. We are as yet ill informed of the interior
resources of these countries, but we know them to be highly
peopled even on our own border ; in the present commotion with
the few tribes which are inimical to us, 30,000 armed Cafifers have
been brouglit into the field, a number which is no small proof
of their' strength in this respect.

But whatever may be your Lordship's decision with respect to
these last remarks, it is my bounden duty to acquaint your Lordship
that the force now in this Colony is insuf&cient for maintaining
tranquillity, and that without some Cavalry our frontier cannot be
efficiently protected. The proportion of Infantry which is on the
Border is well calculated to defend the passes and positions it is
placed to protect, but it is quite impracticable to it to come up
with the native Cafifer carrying only his 5 tough but light spears
(assagays).

Your Lordship will feel that the measure now resorted to of
repelling the aggression by mounted and armed Burghers must be
of a very temporary nature. The population and circumstances
of the country do not admit of its being otherwise. Each Burgher
finds his horse, arms, and food, he receives no pay, and is provided
by Government with ammunition only. The present large arma-
ment has already supplied itself with six months provisions,
and though, as I have before observed, the fatigue, privations, and
great expense necessarily attendant upon it, have been met with
an alacrity which could only be created by an intimate conviction
of the imperative necessity of the case, yet it is a burthen that
cannot be continued upon the population of any State or Country
whatever, particularly on this, where the inaster's eye is so

Records of the Cape Colony. 201

necessary at his home, that to take him from it at this (the
sowing) season in particular is almost to deprive his family of
their future means of existence.

Exclusive of individual burthen, I must also prepare your
Lordship for very large issues from the Colonial Treasury for this
service, particularly as in a very considerable item of Expenditure
(that of sending supplies, reinforcements in troops, and ammunition
to the frontier by sea) I have not received the slightest aid from
any of His Majesty's vessels on this station, although I have on
various occasions made the most pressing applications to the
Naval officers in command at these Bays and although the
assistance I might (with very little interruption to the ordinary
naval service here, as it appeared to me at the moment) have
received, would have been a saving of very considerable sums,
which for the safety of the Colony I felt myself compelled to
expend in hired freight.

Our superiority over the vast numbers opposed to us is chiefly
in the use of fire arms, and so well aware are the Caffers of this
circumstance that it has become a principal object with them in
their predatory incursions to possess themselves of the arms and
ammunition of those whom they surprize and assassinate. In the
late attack at Graham's Town they had a considerable number of
muskets, one of the three men kiUed was shot. It is credibly
supposed that the late attack was made principally with the view
of obtaining arms and ammunition, and that the plan was formed
and directed by certain Deserters of the African Corps who are
known to be with the CaflFer Chief Lynx, one of these a man who
had formerly been a Serjeant in the line is said to have been
promoted to the rank of a chief, and to be instxuctiDg as many as
he can procure arms for; in a former communication to Tour
Lordship I had the honour to express my serious apprehensions in
this regard ; and this is one reason why the greatest effort must
now be made to crush the aggressors, delay must render them more
formidable. If our troops were to retreat, or even if we were to go
the length of ceding to these savage foes the whole of the Frontier
districts (the most fertile the Colony possesses) we should not only
remain in no greater safety, but our danger would be considerably
increased, as they would then settle in our frontier provinces and
it would have the effect of increasing their force and bringing
these hordes daily nearer to our better inhabited parts, and give

202 Records of the Cape Colony.

them the means of increasing their strength by the plunder of
more arms from the insulated farms.

Under these circumstances I trust your Lordship will see the
absolute necessity of reinforcing this Garrison, particularly with
Cavalry and Artillery. When I had the honour to press upon
your Lordship the expediency of reducing the Colonial Corps, I
did not contemplate the great diminution which the force then at
my disposal for the protection of this place wa^s likely to undergo,
far less the loss of my principal means of defence in the removal
of the 21st Dragoons. I have now been compelled to resort to the
expedient of mounting the Infantry of the Cape Corps. I need
not point out to your Lordship how inferior such a substitution is,
and must be, to the Arm I have lost ; but I trust that I have said
enough to convince your Lordship of the urgent necessity of
reinforcing this place with the least possible delay. I feel
persuaded that the policy I have adopted will meet your
Lordship's concurrence, and that I shall be honoured with your
Lordship's favorable representation of it to His Eoyal Higlmess
the Prince Begent.

My endeavours have been to preserve tranquillity as long as it
was consistent with sound policy, to employ all the energies of the
population when defence and resistance became imperative, but
I shall be compelled to throw the defence of the Colony upon
the support that can be afforded from the parent country, when
the personal exertions of its Inhabitants shall be exhausted.

I have &c.
(Signed) Charles Hekby Somesset.

[Original.]
letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Sir Henry Torrens.

Gafi 07 Good Hope, May 22imI 1819.

Sir, — ^Although it is with deep regret that I have ^ state to
His Boyal Highness the Commander in Chief any internip^n to
the tranquillity of this Colony, yet it affords me sincere graCAca-
tion that the details which follow furnish an additional proo^ of
the gallantry and discipline of British Troops altho' opposed o a

Records of the Cape Colony, 203

Foe of the most Ferocious nature, and whose numbers in the
present instance exceeded our force upwards of thirty fold.

My letter of the 15th of February informed His Boyal Highness
of the murders of Captain Gethin of the 72nd Begiment and
Ensign Hunt of the Boyal African Corps by parties of depredating
CafiPerai By advices received on the 10th instant from Brevet
Lt. Colonel Willshire of the 38th Begiment commanding on the
frontier of this Settlement, I learn that on the 22nd of last month
the Caffers to the amount of from 10 to 15,000 attempted to
surprize Grahams Town, the principal position on the frontier and
the depdt of stores and ammunition. The close bushy country
which intervenes between Grahams Town and the Caffer Border
had enabled this body to approach very near the place without
being discovered, and when they were partially so, Lt. Col.
Willshire was absent inspecting the Colonial Troop of Cava]ry at
some distance from the Town. The Garrison (owing to the patrols
which were necessarily out) not exceeding altogether 320 men and

88 Light Infantry . . 45 Bank and File consisting of the detachments

Boyal African OorpB • 75 Do. named in the margin was ably

Do. at the Barracks . 60 Do. ^j^^^^ ^^^ ^ Captain Trappes

Oape Infantry in reserve 80 Do. /. ^. rro j x» • .. ^ fu

Artificers, &o. . . . 32 of the 72nd Eegiment for the

CSolonial Cavalry with defence of the place, and 60

Lt CoL WiUflhire . 39 men of the Royal African

Corps under Lieutenants Cartwright and Armstrong were detached
for the protection of the barracks^ which are situated about 2000
paces from the Town (which is straggling and open).

As soon as Lt. Colonel Willshire was apprized that Caffers were
in the neighbourhood, he put himself at the head of a part of the
Colonial Troop and rode towards the enemy to reconnoitre, and
found him advancing with a rapidity which had nearly prevented
the Lt. Colonel's retreat upon the Town. He however joined his
small force and made a judicious disposition for receiving the
attack. The Caffers halted on an eminence to make their last
arrangements, and divided their force into three columns com-
manded as it is supposed by the three chiefs who are known to
be principally hostile to this Settlement, viz. TSambie, Congo, and
Lynx. Two of the columns were directed upon the Town. The
third (preserving at the same time a communication with the
others) advanced against the barracks, whilst about 1000 men
were posted between Grahams Town and the nearest post from

204 Records of the Cape Colony,

which our troops could receive support. The whole advanced by
signal (a discharge of musketry from an adjoining Mil) and rushed
forward with great impetuosity, making at the same time the
air resound with a most appalling yell. Lt. Colonel Willshire
received them with an admirable firmness, and when within
35 paces of him opened his fire of Artillery and musketry, with
such effect as to cause the enemy to pause and waver. At this
moment our little force cheered and charged, and the enemy
instantly fied in all directions, dragging away numbers of their
wounded.

The attack on the Barracks was of greater duration, the enemy
having penetrated into the Barrack square, but the post was
defended with great intrepidity by Lt. Cartwright, and the enemy
completely repulsed after having lost in killed nearly treble the
number of Lt. Cartwright's force, 102 bodies having been after-
wards counted in the Barrack Square alone. The whole loss of
the Cafifers in their attack on this day did not amount to less
than from 700 to 800 men, whilst that on our side, I am happy
to say, consisted only in 2 Rank and File of the Colonial Troop of
Cavalry and 1 Rank and File of the Royal African Corps killed
and 5 Rank and FUe wounded.

I do not doubt that Lt. Colonel Willshire's reputation as an
oflRcer is already well known to His Royal Highness the Com-
mander in Chief, but I cannot refrain from adding my humble
word of praise for the energy, wisdom, and prudence he has
hitherto evinced in the performance of all the difficult duties
which have fallen upon him since he has commanded on the
frontier of this Settlement. At this moment exclusive of the
Military he has a civil force under his command of upwards of
2,000 armed mounted Burghers, which the very serious attacks
and horrid depredations and barbarities committed within our
boundaries by our savage neighbours have compelled me to
assemble on the Borders from every part of the Colony, our foe
being of such a nature as only to be effectually opposed by a
mounted force. His Royal Highness will be aware how inferior
a force of this species must be to regular cavalry, and that the
present exertion in this thinly populated Settlement can only be
made temporarily by the inhabitants.

I anxiously trust therefore that His Royal Highness will be
graciously pleased to recommend the strengthening of the force

Records of the Cape Colony, 205

here, with as little delay as possible, by a Eegiment of Cavalry
and an increase of Artillery. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Sir Henry Torrens.

Cafe or Good Hope, May 22nd 1819.

Sm, — My dispatch of this date will put His Eoyal Highness the
Commander in Chief in possession of the very arduous service on
which the Force on the Frontiers of this Settlement under Brevet
Lt. Colonel Willshire of the 38th Eegiment is at present employed.
So harassing indeed is it from the excessive vigilance required,
that lieut. Colonel Willshire informs me in the last communica-
tion I have received from him, dated the 8th Inst., that his men
did not then get one night in bed out of six.

These circumstances and the very heavy expence which the
officers are at in procuring necessary supplies from Cape Town
(upwards of 700 miles) induce me most humbly to solicit that
His Eoyal Highness will be graciously pleased to recommend that
authority be given for the Officers "employed on the Frontier
Service until hostilities shall cease " to receive the usual allowance
of Bat and Forage.

Aware of the necessity at the present moment of economizing
all Military Expenditure, I certainly would not have presumed
to have intruded this recommendation upon His Eoyal Highness
did I not conscientiously consider that the privations the Officers
suffer, and the nature and fatigue of the Service, render them most
amply entitled to it. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset,

General Commanding the Forces
at the Cape of Good Hope.

206 Records of the Cape Colony.

[Copy.]

Letter from Loip Chaeles Sombesbt to
Captain Wauchopb, E.N.

GtovKBHMEirr Houoi, } pa8t 7 a.k., 24<& May 1819.

Sm, — I sent on a horse to Mtdsenbnrg last night with an in-
tention of being with you at an early hour this morning, but my
late indisposition has rendered me incapable of encountering the
very inclement weather of this morning. I am compelled there-
fore to attempt to describe by letter that which I was so desirous
to have urged personally, in order to put you in full possession
of the very critical situation in which this Colony will be placed
tmless immediate succour is sent to the frontiers. The last
accounts &om the Officer commanding there state the absolute
necessity of a farther reinforcement of Troops and a fresh supply
of ammunition. The unfortunate loss of the Government Schooner
has disappointed me in sending the latter, and the non-arrival
of the long expected Transports with the 54th Begiment, the
former. Under these pressing circumstances I applied on Friday
last to Sir J. Brenton for the use of one of the ships (con-
ceiving them to be Transports) conveying the 45th Eegiment to
Ceylon, but those vessels not being Transports 1 was frustrated
in that hope. I have therefore now only to throw myself on you
and solicit the service of H.M.S. Hurydice to Algoa Bay, to afford
this most pressing and timely aid to His Majesty's Service. The
whole number of Troops that I have to forward at this moment
is 226 Bank and File with a proportion of Officers, 2 Officers of
the Boyal Engineers, 1 of the Boyal Artillery, and a proportion
of entrenching tools. I have also to forward 10 (or any part of
them) Howitzers not on Wheel Carriages and 40 Barrels of
Gunpowder. You will oblige me by stating to me to what extent
you can accommodate me. I enclose an order to the person in
charge of the Ordnance Stores at Simon's Town to ship the 40
barrels of gunpowder whenever you shall be ready to receive them.
The troops shall march from hence so as to go direct on board
at the moment you shall appoint. The Howitzers and entrenching
tools will on the receipt of your answer this afternoon be shipped
on board the Ship Wellington (now in this Bay) which Mrill sail

Records of the Cape Colony, 207

for Simon's Bay early to-morrow morning, so that I hope every-
thing may be on board on Wednesday, if so early a day may be
consistent with your convenience. I am aware (at least it has
been so asserted) that instructions have arrived by the Redwing
for the immediate return of the Hurydice to St. Helena, but my
anxiety to communicate personally with you on this subject was
to place before you the situation of H.M.s possessions in this
Quarter, and that the timely aid the Hurydice would afford might
be the means of placing them in safety and of rescuing the troops
and inhabitants from being exposed to the most imheard of
barbarities. There is no vessel in this Bay (as I am informed)
to be hired for this Service. I have &c.

(Signed) Ghables Henbt Somerset.

[Copy.]
letter from Captain WAtJcnoPB to Loed Chaeles Somerset.

His Maje8tt*8 Ship Ewrydieef Simon's Bat, 2ith May 1819.

My Lord, — I have this moment had the honor of receiving a
letter from your Lordship requesting me to take a re-enforcement
of Troops and a supply of ammunition to Algoa Bay. I am
extremely sorry to inform your Lordship that it is totally out
of my power to comply witli Your Lordship's wishes. I am at
present upon the point of proceeding to St. Helena in the Hurydice
with a supply of provisions for the Squadron, who are in absolute
want of everything. I know that a supply had been expected
from England, but upon the sailing of the Redwing none had
arrived, and at present there is only seventeen and eighteen days
bread there remaining in store. Your Lordship must see from
this how impossible it would be for me to alter the present
destination of the Hurydice. But as Your Lordship informs me
of the diflSculty of procuring a vessel at Table Bay for the service
upon which the Hurydice is wanted to proceed, I have taken the
liberty of inclosing a tender from the Master of the Golden Grove,
a Brig at present in this Bay, who will be ready to sail should
your Lordship think proper, with 150 Troops, the 40 barrels of

208 Becords of the Cape Colony.

Gunpowder, and what other stores Your Lordship may think
proper, upon Thursday morning. I have &c.

(Signed) W. Wauchope, Captain.

150 Troops would be as many as the JEtt/rydice could properly
take round.

[Original.]
Letter from Sir Henry Toerens to Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

H0B8E GuABDs, 25th May 1819.

Sir, — I have it in command from the Commander in Chief to
refer to you the Petition of Finlay Matheson, in behalf of Eight
Hundred of the Inhabitants of the Island of Sky praying to be
allowed to emigrate to the Cape of Good Hope, which you will
be pleased to lay before Earl Bathurst. I have &c.

(Signed) H. Torrens.
[Enclosure.]

EbbbbsaiOi L0GHAL8H, ISih May 1819.

The Petition of Eight Hundred of His Majesty's Subjects who
reside in the Isle of Skey, in Lochalsh and Lochcarron, Boss-shire,
N. Britain Humbly Sheweth

That petitioners sometime ago applied to L. McEinnon Esqre.,
Sherijff of Sky, requesting him to make application to Government
for a number of distressed families who reside in these parts, for
leave to emigrant to His Majesty's settlements in America, in
reply Mr. McEinnon had for answer that Government would not
send emigrants out to America, but promised good encouragement
to any who would be disposed to emigrant to the Cape of Good
Hope, as His Majesty's Gk)vernment was inclined to favour
emigrantation to the Cape, we the petitioners are not quite certain
of the conditions held out by Government to emigrants, but Mr.
McEinnon tells that they are to have free freight out, a twelve
months provisions after landing, each person to get one Hundred
Acres of Land already in cultivation on paying two shillings per
acre, no rent ever after, also implements for husbandry, and that
ships will come to this place to take the petitioners and famleys

Records of the Cape Colony. 209

away, these are the conditions offered them by Mr. McKinnon,
he also says that Chelsea pensioners wUl get their pensions paid
them in the Cape as in Britain.

Therefore not less than Eight Hundred persons have enrolled
themselves already to emigrant and if the petitioners gets an answer
to their petition there will many more come forward, petitioners
have given up their farms, crofts, and those who have not, but
who enroled themselves are turned out of their places by there
Landlords, petitioners prays that your Boyal Highness will be
graciously pleased to take their case into consideration and order a
copy of the conditions on which His Majesty's Government will send
emigrants out to be sent to them without delay, for providing
petitioners do not give up their places in forteen days hereafter,
they will be compeled to remain for another twelve months,
petitioners pray that a suficient number of clergymen and school-
masters will be sent along with them.

The Chelsea pensioners who have enroled themselves in the
number for Emigrantation prays that His Eoyal Highness will
cause the Act extend to them and that fresh Instructions will be
furnished them to draw their pension in the Cape of Good Hope
as in Great Britain. ^

Your Eoyal Highness petitioners will form themselves if required
into a local body for the defence of His Majesty's settlements and
property and guard against any Invasion foreign or domestic which
may be made by sea or land. His Majesty's Government well
knows that the Highlanders have always proved themselves the
most loyal of His Majesty's subjects and been on every occasion
the most forward in there Countrys cause, and these who are your
Eoyal Highness petitioners if required would prove that they
were not behind the rest of their countrymen in Martial deeds.

That Petitioners may find Grace in your Eoyal Highness sight
and that they may have an answer of peace and petitioners will
ever pray.

In Behalf of the Petitioners.

(Signed) Finlay Matheson.

To Field Martial His Eoyal Highness The Duke of York Com-
mander in Chief &c. &c.. War Ofl&ce, London.
The Petitioners request to address the answer of their Petition
to Finlay Matheson late Sergt. 42nd Eegt. Erbersaig Lochalsh N.B.

XII. p

210 Becords of the Cape Colony.

[Original.]

Return of Troops serving at the Cape of Oood Hope on the

25th of May 1819.

Officers of all ranks 128

Sergeants, Trumpeters, Drummers, and Bank and File :

Eoyal Artillery 67

Sappers and Miners •••... 13

38thEegiment 767

72nd Regiment 846

Boyal A&ican Corps ...••. 628

(Cavalry 82

Cape Corps j j^^^^y , 169

Grand Total 2700
Prize Negroes .71

(Signed) C. H: Somebset, General Commanding.

[Original]
Letter from Mr. George Banks to Earl Bathurst.

Leeds, 3let May 1819.

Mt Lord, — In consequence of the introduction into this neigh-
bourhood of machinery for finishing cloth, a great number of
hands formerly engaged in dressing cloth by manual labor are now
out of employment, the number is materially encreased owing to
the great depression in trade which at present exists in the manu-
facturing districts generally.

I have been repeatedly waited upon lately by deputations from
these unfortunate men expressing very strongly their wishes to
emigrate to Canada if means could be raised to send them out.
They have produced a printed paper of regulations which I believe
was obtained at Tour Lordship's office by my Lord Lascelles and
sent by him to them : this document is dated in last year, and I
am apprehensive fiN)m information I have received that some

Records of the Cape Colony, 211

changes in these regulations have since been made. At the desire
of these men and of the overseers of the poor of this town I am
induced to trouble your Lordship to request you will cause to be
transmitted to me information whether Gk>vemment still continues
to provide tonnage for conveying settlers out and whether pro-
visions or any allowance for them is made or might be made under
particular circumstances, such for example as those attached to the
present applicants; and when arrived in Canada what grant of
lands is made and under what conditions and whether agricultural
implements and any provisions are issued to the settler on arrival
by Grovemment.

The season I am afraid is too far advanced for carrying into
execution this year any scheme of emigration to Canada, but I
could not refuse the repeated requests of the applicants who
amount to 76 men with 56 wives and 161 children. I have &c.

(Signed) Geo. Banks, Mayor.

Reply to the above,

DowKiNO Strbbt, June 1819.

Sir, — ^I am directed by Lord Bathurst to acknowledge the
receipt of your letter of the 31st ultimo, requesting information as
to the conditions under which persons are 'permitted to emigrate
to His Majesty's Provinces in North America, and to transmit to
you the printed reply which is generally given to applicants of
this description.

His Lordship has however directed me to suggest to you that
the Cape of Good Hope from the superiority of the climate and
the fertility of the soil affords greater facilities to the establishment
of settlers, and if the persons desirous of emigrating should by any
means be furnished with the means of conveyance thither they
would have on their arrival better prospects of success. I have &c.

(Signed) Henry Goulburn.

p 2

212 Records of the Cape Colony.

[Copy.J
letter from Lobd Ghables Somerset to Sir Jahleel Brenton.

GovBRNMSNT HousB, lit June 1819.

Sir, — ^As the conveying the heavy baggage of the 54th Eegiment
from Simon's Town to Cape Town by land would incur an expense
of upwards of £200 Sterling, I am necessitated to require the
service of a Transport to Table Bay in order to save this heavy
expense.

The Acting Deputy Quarter Master General has informed me
that he gathered from you that hired vessels in His Majesty's
Service were restricted from going into Table Bay, but as I con-
ceive that said restriction has reference only to their rendezvous
being in Simon's Bay on their arrival in this Colony and can not
refer to any service they may subsequently be required to perform
in furtherance of the General Military Service, I feel confident that
you will not hesitate to appropriate a Transport to this service.

I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Copy filed with Circulars in the Colonial OflSce.]

Observations on the Colonization of the Cape of Good Hope,

In calling the public attention to this most important subject,
it may be expedient in the first place to enquire, whether under
the present circumstances of the Country, labouring as it is under
the pressure of an excessive and daily increasing Population,
without sufficient employment, any doubt can exist as to the
necessity of some measure calculated to relieve us from this most
distressing situation, and against which, no probable change of
system at home seems to promise the smallest remedy : The Poor
Laws may be revised and remodelled. Claims upon Parishes may
be qualified or reduced, the Eight of Settlement may be varied,
still the difficulty remains unsubdued; locality of burden, were
there nothing else to contend against, would of itself defeat the

Records of the Cape Colony. 213

wisest and most liberal plans that could be devised for the
increase of cultivation, and the general employment of the poor.

In referring to the history of other countries, we shall invariably
find, that wherever Population has begun to press against subsis-
tence, Colonization was the remedy resorted to : all other measures
are palliatives, inefficient in their operation, inadequate in their
results. If then it is to Colonization that we can alone look
forward, as to a harbour in which we may find security firom the
tempests which assail and threaten us, that part of our Cape
Settlements (ceded to us by the Dutch by the treaty of 1803*,) and
bounded on the East by the Great Fish Biver, on the South by
the sea, on the North by a chsdn of mountains, and on the West by
lands ahready in some degree colonized, seems to hold out the
fairest and most legitimate prospect of success.

This partially colonized District demands a little notice. The
Dutch, while the settlement was subject to their control, permitted,
either from ignorance, or from motives of state policy, any Colonist
to select a favourable situation, and having fixed a stake or mark^
to walk from it for one hour in a straight line, then assuming this
^ne as the diameter of a circle, he was permitted to hold the land
contained within the circle on the payment of an annual rent of
about twenty-five rix dollars, or £3 sterling : Thus, supposing him
to have walked three miles, he has an area of from eight to nine
square miles, or not less than 5,000 acres, cultivating perhaps at
the utmost 50 acres for the support of his family, and leaving the
remainder entirely unoccupied, in a condition useless to himself,
injurious to the colony, subversive of any attempt at civilization,
and paralyzing any effort of improvement. A more effectual
system of discolonization could not have been devised. Being
obliged therefore to pass beyond the limit of these extraordinary
settlements, which commence near the Cape, and also beyond a
district covered with fine timber, and which for the future interests
of the colony ought not to be destroyed, we come to the Country
before-mentioned, and which, from the best information that can
be obtained, appears to be the most eligible for the purpose, the
climate being very healthy, and altogether one of the finest in the
world, the soil extremely fertile, well supplied with wood and
water, washed by a sea abounding with fish, and possessing some
fine bays and good anchorage. It is true that Mr. Colquhoun (to
whom the merit of having first brought the subject into notice

214 Records of the Cape Colony,

ought to be given) recommends the country to the north of the
Cape, on account of the beautiful and secure harbour of Saldanha
Bay ; but the scarcity of water and want of fertility in the soil,
present obstacles not easily to be surmounted.

In the Territory belonging to the Cape, settlers are blessed with
a climate which exposes them to none of the privations and hard-
ships against which the emigrants to Nova Scotia and Canada
have to struggle sometimes for years ; and with a soil that will
produce the tea-tree of China, the sugar cane of the "West Indies,
the tobacco of America, and all the European fruits, in the
greatest abundance and perfection; and above all, the vine in
such luxuriance, that hy prop&r encourageinent, and under jvdidous
regulations, we might be supplied from thence with Wines equal,
if not superior, to those of France, Spain, or Portugal ; and with
brandy also, for which we are at present wholly dependant upon
the pleasure of France, and which, in time of war, is only to be
had at a most exorbitant price : a Colony, therefore, that would
open at once a productive and important vent to our manufactures,
— ^which our continental neighbours are, either by high duties or
by the encouragement of similar manufactures in their own states,
universally endeavouring to undermine : above all, it promises for
ages to come, a never failing outlet for our redundant Population.

So much for the necessity of some measure; and for the
expediency of the one proposed ; but it may perhaps be asked,
whether people will emigrate ? the answer to which is, that they
are emigrating daily from almost every part of the United
Kingdom, and that in a manner the least favourable to the
country, and at the same time the most unfavourable for them*
selves. Laying aside the intermediate distinctions. Emigrants
may be chiefly considered as of two classes ; namely, those who
can afford to pay the expenses of the 'VoyKge, and find the
pecuniary means of settling themselves, aad those who can
neither bear the expence of the passage, nor look ibnvmrd to the
acquisition of land otherwise than by their own labour mud
personal exertions: of this latter class, many are and will !»
disposed of by the former ; it is then to the residue of the latter
class that the question of practicability chiefly refers. The expence
of passage to the Cape, a voyage usually performed in ten or
twelve weeks, may be ascertained in some degree from the
experiment tried last year by the Refuge for the Destitute, who

Records of the Cape Colony. 215

sent out 12 young men to the Gape, at an expence of £10 per
head, including their maintenance. If we suppose poor settlers
are supplied with tools and clothing before they leave this
C50mitry, and provided with shelter on their arrival, in procuring
which there is not the least difficulty; the serene and genial
climate enables us to consider Food as the only article of any
magnitude to be provided for. Kow, without touching upon the
abundance and cheapness of many articles of produce at the Gape,
and without adverting to the facility of importations of rice from
India, let us examine the testimonies of those best acquainted
with the country, and we shall find, that a settler arriving at the
Cape early in September, and commencing his operation of
burning or cutting the coarse grass, and digging the soil beneath
it^ may look forward to reaping, in twelve or thirteen weeks, an
abundant harvest from the wheat, the rye, the barley, or the
Indian com, which he has sown, and in eight or nine weeks from
the potatoes he has set.

Any able-bodied man, who, with his wife and fkmily, shall be
willing to emigrate to the Gape, may with confidence entertain a
rational and well-grounded prospect of a comfortable subsistence
for the present, and may in a very short period, by industry and
attention, look forward to the securing for himself and his
descendants not merely a competence, but wealth.

A Gharter of Incorporation to certain persons and their successors
was proposed ; the brief outUne of which was, that upon a grant to
them of lands, reserving of course the rights of pre-existing

settlers, a sum should have been raised, not less than £200,000,
nor exceeding a Million, to have been divided into shares of £100
each ; no liability beyond individual subscriptions, and the profits
in proportion to such subscriptions ; twelve directors to have been
nominated, who were to remsdn in office the first seven years,
with power of themselves to have filled up any vacancies from
death or resignation : in the eighth year four to have gone out by
loty but might have been re-elected ; haK of the remaining eight
in the same way at the end of the next year, and afterwards four
annually by rotation : the directors who were to come in, to have
been chosen by the body of proprietors; no proprietor to have
had more than one vote for every three shares ; the whole to have
been transmissible as personal property; the directors to have
kept regular accounts which were to be submitted annually to a

216 Becords of the Cape Colony,

general meeting of proprietors, to have been holden at
on the day of , any six proprietors possessing shares

to have been empowered to call a special meeting at the same
place, on days notice in London newspapers ; the

directors to have appointed such officers as they might think
necessary, and to have made aU contracts, and to have had the
general management and superintendance of the concerns of the
company, subject to their control. Other matters of detail to have
been adopted from the practice in similar cases. The names of
the Gentlemen who were ready to undertake the direction for the
first seven years, would, both as to known personal respectability
and capacity for business, have afiforded to the Public a satisfactory
pledge of their integrity, and of the total absence of all interested
views and sinister motives.

His Majesty's Government . have not deemed it expedient to
entertain this proposition ; but their negative was accompanied by
a Memorandum from the Secretary of State for the Colonial
department, which ia well entitled to the notice of the Public.

It now only remains for the gentlemen who were the promoters
of the object, viewing as they do the great importance of it, to lay
before the Public this Memorandum, in order that the conditions
upon which lands in the Territory belonging to the Cape are to be
obtained, may be more fully and generally known.

The Landdrost shall be authorized to assign a proportion of
waste land to any person wishing to hold it, situated to the east-
ward of Bosjesman's River in the district of Uitenhage, adapted
to the wants and means of the applicant; thus a father of a
family, having grown-up sons, or other relations residing with
him, whose means would enable such relatives to occupy land
apart on their own account, may have the quantity of land he is
permitted to occupy increased in proportion to the number and
means of such relatives : it wUl be evident that such associations
will be the greatest security ; and it is evident, by many examples
within the knowledge of each of you, that such associations, even
under less favourable circumstances, have been unmolested.

2. These lands will be granted to the occupiers at a rent now to
be fixed, which rent however will be remitted for the first ten
years; and at the expiration of three years (during which the
party or his family must have resided on the estate) the land shall
be measured at the expense of Govertnment, and the holder shall

Records of the Cape Colony. 217

obtain (without fee) his title thereto, on perpetual quit-rent ; sub-
ject however to this clause beyond the usual reservations, that the
land shall become forfeited to the Government, in case the party
shall abandon the estate, and cease to reside or occupy the same.

3. Parties wishing for grants in the district here mentioned, will
not be necessitated to make a direct application to His Excellency
the Grovemor as in other cases, but it will be sufficient for them to
address the Landdrost, pointing out where they propose to settle,
and the authority of the Landdrost shall be sufficient warrant to
the party, of the intention of His Majesty's Government in his
regard.

4. The landdrost is, however, to be particularly cautious in the
distribution of ground, so as to preserve waters, that the most
extensive accommodation possible may be afforded in that regard
to future settlers ; the necessity of which must be obvious from
the supposed scarcity of springs in the districts in question.

5. In order likewise to obtain the most accurate information
possible with respect to springs in the whole of tjhis district, the
Landdrost is called upon to give the greatest publicity to the
Proclamation issued, offering rewards for the discovery of springs
proportioned to their strength.

6. The Landdrost will communicate to the Colonial Secretary,
quarterly, a list of persons taking lands under this invitation,
and describing as accurately as possible the situation of the
occupancies.

N.B. Any individual who will procure and convey to the colony
subordinate labourers, and either reside or appoint an agent to
reside with them in the colony, will be entitled to receive under
the usual condition, land in the proportion of 100 acres for every
male of above 17 actually settled on the land granted.

The Public cannot fail to see the very great advantages which
may be derived by a person enjoying a certain portion of capital,
and enabled thereby to hire and retain a proportionate number of
able-bodied men, to be employed as agriculturists, masons, black-
smiths, carpenters, &c.

Any individual with such means would receive a tract of
country extensive in proportion to the number of hands employed
by him, by which in a short space of time he might double or
treble his capital ; and the very labourers and others employed by
him, might (after three or four years spent in the service of the

218 Records of the Cape Colony,

person employing them) become themselves entitled to receive a
grant of land in a similar proportion.

The advantages both as to emigration and colonization in favour
of the Territory belonging to the Cape, before the United States of
America, are immense. Persons emigrating to the Cape, are
landed close to the spot where they are to receive their grant of
lands, and the lands will be granted rent-free for the space of ten
years, and, at the end of that period, are to be retained for ever,
upon the payment of a small quit-rent to Government ; while, on
the contrary, if they emigrate to the United States of America, they
would have to travel up the country a distance of 2,000 miles, to
the spot which they are to inhabit, by the expenses of which
journey, a great part of their small capital would be consumed : and
then, instead of receiving lands rent-free for the space of ten years,
and at the end of that period having permission to hold them for
ever upon the payment of a small quit rent, they would be obliged
to purchase every acre of land from the American Government, at
the rate of one, two, or three dollars an acre ; and this land, before
it can be rendered fit for cultivation, must be cleared of wood by
immense labour, and at a vast expense. In the Cape Territory,
they will be under the protection of the British Grovemment, and in
the way of communicating with and receiving supplies from their
mother country.

To sum up the whole in a few words ; let all persons desirous of
emigration, look to the Cape, as even in its most confined view, it
must strike the dullest observer that, 1st An Outlet, and that of a
most superior description, is ofifered for our redundant Population ;
2ndly, A vent to our manufactures of every description, and a
consequent increase of employment at home, as every article (from
a nail upwards) requisite for the colony, must be supplied from
home; 3dly, The enrichment of ourselves instead of our neigh-
bours, by the sale of wines made in our own colony ; 4thly, To
small Capitalists, say of £100, an opportunity is presented of
employing it most advantageously, and thereby acquiring a hand-
some independence for themselves and families, as indeed large
families for the purpose of colonisation are riches; and, lastly,
That which can never be regarded as of doubtful importance,
DiSusion of the knowledge of Christianity throughout the vast
regions of Southern Africa.

la June 1819.

Records of the Cape Colony, 219

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

liOKDON, 2nd of Jme 1819.

My Lord, — ^The Colonial Agent for the Cape of Good Hope has
recently transmitted to my Under Secretary a correspondence
which had passed between him and the Board of Colonial Auditors,
respecting the mode in which his Accounts have hitherto been
stated and audited.

It appears to me that the Agent's Accounts may be audited in
this country, with greater facility^ and convenience than at the
Cape of Good Hope, the payments made by him being confined to
persons resident at the time in England, and the Vouchers and
authorities for his disbursements being more easily famished than
in the Colony.

I have therefore instructed the Agent to submit, in future, his
accounts to the Board of Colonial Auditors in this Country for
their examination; and for the further regulation of your
Lordship's proceedings in regard to this subject, I have only to
refer you to my dispatch No. 37 of the 6th October 1815 trans-
mitting the instructions and Acts of Parliament under which the
Board is constituted. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Copy.]
Letter from Sir Jahleel Brenton to Lord Charles Somerset.

Simon's Town, 2fu2 Jnm 1819.

My Lord, — I had the honour of receiving your Lordship's letter
of the 1st Instant last night, and beg leave to inform you that in
answer to the Acting Deputy Quarter Master General's application
in your Lordship's name, I communicated to him officially my
regret that it was not in my power to comply with your Lordship's
wishes, as it is contrary to the express regulations of this Depart-
ment fcr a vessel in His Majesty's Service to be sent into Table
Bay during liie Winter Season. The experience of the last four

220 Records of the Cape Colony.

years has proved these regulations to be most salutary, and would
render any deviation from them on my part utterly inexcusable.

I have &c.

(Signed) Jahleel Brenton.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Capb of Good Hope, Sth June 1819.

My Lord, — In compliance with your Lordship's instructions
and in pursuance of that economical line which I prescribed to
myself on taking tliis Command, I have on all occasions taken
every step in my power to prevent the increase of expenditure in
every branch of the public service which came under my control,
and I have thought it my duty in more instances than one to point
out to your Lordship when essential saving in the public service
might be made.

It is with this view therefore that I beg now to apply to your
Lordship, in order that by your representations to my Lords Com-
missioners of the Admiralty, a more cordial cooperation in the
services which occur on this Station may be exacted, from the
Officers of His Majesty's Naval and Transport service sent to this
place, in order that the great saving may from time to time be
made which now arises in the expense of the transport of troops
and stores from hence to Algoa Bay or the other bays or places of
debarkation of this Settlement.

I have felt it my duty, notwithstanding the most repulsive cold-
ness, to persevere in making official application to the several
officers of His Majesty's Navy for assistance, when the good of
the service prompted me so to do, but uniformly without success,
nor have my applications to the Naval Commissioner for the use
of transports placed under his control by the regulation of the
service, been, in the slightest degree, more fortunate, and from
these circumstances I have been under the necessity of hiring
freight for the indispensable conveyance of troops and stores, at
prices only warranted by the exigence of the service, when the few
masters of vessels here have taken advantage of that necessity to

Records of the Cape Colony. 221

exact a rate which xuider any other circumstances they would not
have calculated upon.

I trust, my Lord, I have as much forbearance as falls to the
share of most individuals, and that moreover when the service
requires it I can even disguise the very painful feeUngs which the
harsh correspondence to which I have been subjected in my
endeavours to comply with the injunctions I have received from
your Lordship to use the strictest economy in every department of
the public expenditure, by making these renewed applications to
a branch of administration not under my control ; but there is a
point beyond which forbearance is not to be defended, and I there-
fore must throw myself upon your Lordship if you shall see in the
correspondence which 1 have the honor to enclose sufficient ground
for the remarks which have escaped me, and in the subject itself
sufficient interest to render it worthy of your notice. I shall now
therefore lay before your Lordship a few instances which will serve
to bear out my remarks and to shew your Lordship that I do not
trouble your Lordship till my hopes of receiving the aid necessary
for conducting the public service with promptness and economy,
without your interference, have vanished.

The 54th Eegiment arrived in Simon's Bay last week, that Bay
being now the invariable rendezvous for transports, although it is
highly inconvenient and expensive to the Military service that
the debarkations should take place excepting in this Town ; the
expense of bringing the heavy baggage by land from Simon's Town
to this place of that small corps will amount to near £250. I
therefore applied to the Naval Commissioner for one of the
transports now lying idle in Simon's Bay. I enclose the Com-
missioner's answer, and here beg to remark that all merchant
vessels come to this port in both seasons, and that so few are the
accidents which occur here that the insurance does not vary in
consequence of their lying here in the winter or bad season, 1 beg
also to observe that imtil within those few months when the whole
remaining naval stores were finally removed from hence, no diffi-
culty appears ever to have occurred as to sending vessels into this
Bay when wanted for that service.

I shall next instance to your Lordship the letters which I had
the honour to receive from Capt. Bobinson of His Majesty's Ship
Favourite, upon my application to him for the use of his vessel to
carry Lt. Colonel Willshire and reinforcements to the frontier at a

222' Records of the Cape Colony.

moment when a most serious invasion had overrun the whole
frontier province of Uitenhage and when the Town of that name
was itself in considerable danger; you will perceive that, after
calling me to account to him for my proceedings in the case and
for explanations which it will be scarcely thought an officer of
Gapt. Bobinson's rank ought to have received from me, Capt.
Bobinson did take on board the troops required, but after keeping
them at sea a few days and within 12 hours sail (as the wind then
was) of his destination, he returned to port, reporting his vessel
not to be fit to proceed on the voyage from an accident having
happened to one of the masts. I have no doubt that in returning
to port Capt. Sobinson pursued the line he considered the most
prudent in his professional duty, but it is much to be lamented
that a little more perseverance had not been adopted when the
object of the service was of much moment to the safety of this
Settlement, particularly as I have since learnt that the only repair
which the mast received previous to the vessel proceeding to her
destination on the South American coast was such as is at all
times most readily and speedily performed at sea.

The service was by this circumstance greatly delayed and
impeded, and I was under the necessity of putting the public to
the expense of freight for the detachment at last I shall not call
your Lordship's attention to a recent application I made to Capt.
Wauchope of His Majesty's Ship Eurydice for the assistance of
that vessel, and to his reply thereto, and I shall close with
requesting your particular notice of a letter which the Naval
€ommissioner thought proper to address to me, in consequence of
my having made Capt. Sous of His Majesty's Ship Podargvs
acquainted with the circumstance of upwards of 20 men having
been left on a bairen rock in the Mozambique channel and put it
to his sense of feeling and humanity whether he would take upon
himself to go to their relief. I did not request him so to do ; it
was his own heroic act. He came to their relief at the critical
moment when their water was expended, and by this timely
arrival had the gratification to save the lives of these unfortimate
people and to restore them to their country and their Mends. It
seems the Commissioner had advised Capt. Bous to suggest that
the Colonial Schooner, of 52 tons burthen and crew of 8 men,
should be employed on this Service.

It is umiecessary to comment upon a proposal so preposterous

Records of the Cape Colony, 223

(made by a Naval officer too) that a vessel of this description
should be employed on such a service, but even supposing that
she had been proper for the service, it was a matter of notoriety
that she could not be spared from the Colonial Service at that
juncture, as I had no other certain means of commimicating by sea
with the disturbed Frontier districts. This therefore brought
upon me the disagreeable communication which I now enclose,
but which I did not notice. I forbear maMng any other comment
upon the several circumstances, only remarking that they are a
few among many which I might refer to, and that in transmitting
them to your Lordship, the only object I have is to obtain through
your Lordship that tiie instructions to the other branch of His
Majesty's Service may be such as to remedy the inconvenience
which it must be evident the general service is put to from
collision of this nature. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henbt Somerset.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. William Savage to Earl Bathurst.

75 Gbomeb Stbeit, Bbunswiok Square, Uh June 1819.

My Lord, — I beg leave to express my obligation for Mr.
Goulbum's answer to my former letter to your Lordship on the
subject of emigrating to New Zealand.

Li that answer Mr. Goulbum says that in the event of persons
proceeding to the Cape of Good Hope, they will receive grants of
land in proportion to their means of cultivating it, and that too in
a climate and under circumstances by no means less favourable
than those which New Zealand could offer.

As political dissatisfaction forms no part of our motives for
emigrating, we should greatly prefer continuing to live under the
influence of that Constitution which from our infancy we have
been taught to revere, and the value of which the experience of
manhood has impressed still deeper in our minds ; and also under
that Government which has raised the glory of the English Nation
to an unprecedented height^ to living under any other Government
in the known world.

!224 Records of the Cape Colony.

With these feelings I should be particularly obliged if your
Lordship would have the goodness to cause me to be informed in
what situation Grants of Land would be made at the Gape of
Good Hope, and under what circumstances.

I believe the Capital we should possess would vary from about
£800 to £1000 each, and the greatest part of us are men with
families.

It would also be desirable for us to know to what extent His
Majesty's Government would be inclined to grant land to each
individual or family possessing the means of cultivating it ; under
what tenure it would be held ; and if the timber that might be
growing on the land would be the property of the settler or be
reserved by His Majesty's Government. I have &c.

(Signed) Willum Savage.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

LoirDON, 10<& June 1819.

My Lord, — ^Two persons of colour, formerly slaves in the
Mauritius and named Polidore and Victorine, will shortly proceed
from this Country to the Cape of Good Hope, and I deem it
expedient to acquaint your Lordship with the circumstances of
their case.

They were lately sent to England by the Lieutenant Governor
of the Mauritius, as evidence on the trial of several slave dealers
who, on their testimony and that of others, were convicted of the
crime imputed to them.

From considerations involving the personal safety of these two
individuals, I have determined that they shall not return to the
Mauritius, and I have yielded to their request to be allowed to
repair to the Cape of Good Hope where they hope to maintain
themselves by their industry.

By a communication from the Lords of the Treasury it appears
that their Lordships have authorised the Commissariat Depart-
ment at the Cape to issue to these persons, rations for a limited
time not exceeding twelve months or to pay to them a small sum

Secords of the Cwpe CoUmy. 225

in money so as to enable them to settle in the Colony ; and I have
only to express to yonr Lordship my hope that imder this arrange-
ment you may be enabled to adopt some measure calculated to
secure the comfort of these individuals. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst,

[Office Copy.]

Letter from Henry Goulburn, Esqre., to Lord Charles

Somerset.

London^ 15t& June 1819.

Mt dear Lord, — I am directed by Lord Bathurst to transmit
to you the enclosed Memorandum which has been delivered to
Lord Bathurst by some gentlemen composing the Committee of
the Befuge of the Destitute, accompanied with a request that your
Lordship's attention might be called to the subject of it
Although the part which your Lordship appears already to have
taken in favor of the boy who complained of his Master's ill treat-
ment of him sufficiently proves to Lord Bathurst that there is no
necessity for his recommendation, yet his Lordship has neverthe-
less thought it better to put your Lordship in possession of all the
Circumstances of this case which have come to his knowledge, in
full confidence that your Lordship will adopt that course which
you may consider best calculated to prevent the ill treatment of
the boys in question, and to remove the objections which might be
felt to sending apprentices from this country to the Cape, if it was
supposed that they were improperly dealt with. I have &c.

(Signed) Henry GtOULBurn.

[Office Copy.]

CiTculaT Letter issued hy the Colonial Office.

Dowimro Stbikt, XiOMDoit, 1819.

I have to acquaint you in reply to your Letter of the
that the following are the conditions under which it is proposed
to give encouragement to emigration to the Cape of Good Hope.

xn. Q

226 Records of the Cape Colony.

The sufferings to which many individuals have been exposed
who have emigrated to His Majesty's Foreign Possessions, uncon-
nected and unprovided with any Capital, or even the means
of support, haying been very afflicting to themselves, and equally
burthensome to the Colonies to which they have proceeded, the
Grovemment have determined to confine the application of the
money recently voted by Address in the House of Commons, to
those persons who possessing the means will engage to carry out,
at the least. Ten able-bodied Individuals above eighteen years
of age, with or without Families, the Grovemment always reserving
to itself the right of selecting from the several offers made to them
those which may prove upon examination, to be most eligible.

In order to give some security to the Government, that the
Persons undertaking to make these Establishments, have the
means of doing so ; every person engaging to take out the above-
mentioned number of Persons or Families, shall deposit at the
rate of Ten Pounds (to be repaid as hereinafter mentioned) for
every Family so taken out, provided that the Family does not
tconsist of more than one Man, one Woman, and Two Children
under Fourteen Years of Age. All Children above the number
^f two will be to be paid for, in addition to the deposit above-
mentioned, in the proportion of Five Pounds for every Two
^Children under Fourteen Years of Age, and Five Pounds for every
Person between the Ages of Fourteen and Eighteen.
. Ih consideration of this deposit a Passage shall be provided
ftt the expense of Government for the Settlers, who shall also
be victualled from the time of their Embarkation until the time
of their Landilig in the Colony.

A Grant of Land, under the conditions hereafter specified, shall
be xnade to him at the rate of One Hundred Acres for every such
Person or Family whom he so takes out ; one-third of the sum
advanced to Government on the outset, shall be repaid on landing,
when the Victualling at the expense of Government shall cease.
A further proportion of One-third shall be repaid as soon as it
shall be certified to the Gk)vemor of the Colony that the Settlers
under the direction of the Person taking them out, are actually
located upon the Land assigned to them, and the remainder at
the expiration of Three Montiis from the date of their location.

If any Parishes in which tiiere may be a redundancy of Popula-
tion shall unite in selecting an Intelligent Individu^ to proceed

Records of the Cape Colony, 227

to the Cape, with Settlers under his direction, not less in number
and of the description above-mentioned, and shall advance money
in the proportion above-mentioned, the Government will grant
Land to such an Individual at the rate of 100 Acres for every
head of a Family, leaving the Parish at liberty to make such
conditions with the Individual, or the Settlers, as may be calcu-
lated to prevent the Parish becoming again chargeable with the
maintenance of such Settlers, in the event of their return to this
country.

But no offers of this kind will be accepted, unless it shall' be
clear that the Persons proposing to become Settlers have dis-
tinctly given their consent, and the head of each family is not
infirm or incapable of work.

It is farther proposed, that in any case in which one hundred
families proceed together and apply for leave to cany out with
them a Minister of their own persuasion. Government will, upon
their being actually located, assign a Salary to the Minister whom
they may have selected to accompany them, if he shall be approved
by the Secretary of State.

The Lands will be granted at a quit rent to be fixed, which
rent, however, will be remitted for the first Ten Years; And
at the expiration of Three Years, (during which the party and
a number of Families, in the proportion of one for every hundred
acres must have resided on the estate), the land shall be measured
at the expense of Gk)vemment, and the holder shall obtain, with-
out fee, his title thereto, on a perpetual quit rent, not exceeding
in any case Two Pounds sterling, for every 100 Acres; subject
however, to this clause beyond the usual reservations,* that the
land shall become forfeited to Government, in case the party shall
abandon the estate, or not bring it into cultivation within a given
number of years. I am &c.

P.S. In order to ensure the arrival of the Settleis at the Cape
at the b^inning of the planting Season, the Transports will not
leave this country imtil the month of November.

^ The usual reeervations are the right of the Crown to Mines of Precious
Btones, of Gold and Silver, and to make such Boads as may be necessary for the
convenience of the Colony.

Q 2

228 Records of the Cape Colony,

[Office Copy.]

XaHmate of the Sxpence of Articles required for settling 100
Families at the Cape of Oood Hope, calcuiaied for each Family,
and multiplied afterwards by 100.

Bita.

3 Spans of Oxen (36 at 30 Bds. each) for the use of five Families 216
1 Waggon (800) for the use of five Families . . .160

"^1 Horse, Saddle, and Bridle . . « . . « 125

5 Cows for Breeding (20 Bds.) . . ... 100

1 Plough (80 Bds.) for 5 Families 16

1 Wheelbarrow 15

2 pickaxes • .... 5

2 spades 5

2 Sickles 1

5 Canvas Bags 10

1 Large Axe 3

1 Hatchet 1

1 Adze 3

IJack Plane 4

1 Smoothing Do. 3

2 Chisels 2

1 Hammer. . , 2

Garden Seeds 20

Household Furniture—- \

2 Chairs
t2 Iron Pots.
t6 Pewter Plates .
t6 Basons
t Knives and Forks.
fSpoons «
Pails, &c . •

1| muid of wheat for seed 11

Materials for Building a House 20 ft. by 10 ft. Clay Walls, &c.

thatched Roof 100

40 Breeding Sheep 80

1 ..•«.« 60

942

The above is calculated upon a supposition that the
Family is subsisted by Bations from (xovemment
until it obtains a Crop. If to subsist itself add the
following :

40 Sheep for Slaughter 80

650 lbs. of Flour for 6 months allowing 5 lbs. of Bread per diem . 39

1061

Becords of the Cape Colony. 229

The Article marked thus * is not absolutely necessary for each
Family. The Articles marked thus t shoidd be purchased in
England, and would in that case be cheaper.

Multiply the 1st Calculation by 100 gives 94^200 Eds. for lOO
Families, which at 120 per Centum would amount to £8,563
Sterling.

Multiply the 2nd Calculation by 100 gives 106,100 Eds. for
100 Families, which at 120 per Centum would amount to £9,655
Sterling.

[Office Copy.]

Printed Letter in reply to Applicants desirous to emigrate.

DowNiNO Strbbt, London,

I am directed by Earl Bathurst, to acquaint you, that he has
had under consideration your Letter

and that he accepts the proposal which you have made to
take a party of able-bodied Settlers,

to the Cape of Good Hope, where a Grant of Land
will accordingly be assigned to you on your Arrival, in conformity
with the Eegulations laid down by His Majesty's Government.

I have therefore to request, that you will immediately transmit
to me, three separate lists of the Individuals who have placed
themselves under your direction, and I enclose to you proper
Ketums for that purpose ; at the same time, I deem it necessary to
mention, that it is absolutely requisite that the details respecting
the Individuals of your Party which you are called upon to state
in the Setums, should be correctly specified, as any erroneous
statement upon these heads, but more particularly in respect of
the Age of the Individuals, could not fail to be productive of
much inconvenience.

Upon receiving these Betums, I shall lose no time in stating to
you the Amount of the Money which you will be required to
deposit under the existing Kegulations, and the mode in which
the Payment is to be made.

I am^ &c.

P. S. If there be any Ofl&cers on the Half-Pay of the Army or
Xavy, or military or Naval Pensioners among the individuals

^230 Records of the Cape Colony.

proceeding under your direction, it will be necessary that you
should transmit to me a (fourth) List, specifying their usual place
of residence, and the designation under which they are respectively
i known at the War-Office, and at the Admiralty, in order that I
. may take the necessary measures to enable them to receive their
Allowances in the Colony.

These Persons should, on their part, immediately apply to the
Secretary at War and to the Secretary of the Admiralty, stating
their intention to emigrate to the Cape of Good Hope, and re-
questing iustructions for their guidance in respect to the receipt
of their allowances.

In making your arrangements for Embarkation, it will be
necessary that you should bear in mind, that you will be allowed
tonnage for the conveyance of the baggage of your party at the
rate of Ton for each single able-bodied individual and

tons for each able-bodied incUvidual who is accompanied by his
Family.

[Office Copy.]
Printed Letter in reply to Applicants for Information,

DowNiNO Btbebt, LONDOir,

Sir, — In reply to your Letter of the I am directed by Earl
Bathurst to acquaint you, that as the Circular Letter distinctly
specifies the nature and extent of the assistance which will be
granted to individuals who may be allowed to proceed as Settlers
to the Cape of Good Hope, together with the conditions under
which alone that assistance can be given to them, it is only
necessary to refer you to that document, and to add that no pro-
posal can be accepted which is not framed in conformity with the
offer of His Majesty's Government.

With reference to your particular enquiries respecting the mode
in which the views of the Settler may be best attained, I have to
acquaint you, that it is not in Earl Bathurst's power to communi-
cate to you that species of information, which can most properly
be afforded by the practical Agriculturist, or only obtained upon
the spot.

- The Settlers will be located in the interior of the Colony, not far
from the Coast ; and in allotting to them the Lands which Govern-

Records of the Cape Colony. 231

ment have agreed to grant to them, their interests and their wishes
will be consulted and attended to, as far as may be consistent
with the public interest of the Colony.

The Settlers should take with them a supply of Agricultural
Implements, as well as necessaries; but they will be enabled to
purchase, in the Colony, a limited quantity of the former Articles,
together with Tools and Seed Com.

The Settlers will not find habitations ready for their reception. ,

The person under whose direction a party of Settlers proceed,
is at liberty to secure their services by any legal agreement into
which they may think proper to enter.

The new settlement will, of course, be governed according to
the Laws in force in the Colony.

In conclusion, I beg to observe, that it must be lefb to the
persons taking out Settlers, to form their own opinion as to the
amount of the pecuniary means with which they shoiQd be pro-
vided, in order to support the persons placed imder their direc-
tions, and ensure the success of their undertaking.

I am, &c.

[Office Copy.]

Printed Letter in re/ply to Applicants desirous of

emigrating singly.

Downing Street, LonKnr,

I have received and laid before Earl Bathurst, your letter of the
and am desired by His Lordship, to refer you to the printed
Circular Letter, which states the conditions under which Assistance
can be granted to Individuals desirous of Emigrating to the Cape
of Grood Hope, and by which you will observe, that Grovemment
do not entertain individual applications for permission to settle in
that Colony.

I am, &c.

232 Records of the Cape Colony.

[Copy.]

Printed Letter used hy the Colonial Office.

BoivmNO Stbket, Londoit, 1819.

Sir, — In reply to your Letter of the I am directed by the
Earl Bathurst to acquaint you that he cannot take into considera-
tion the wish you have expressed to be allowed to settle at the
Cape of Grood Hope, unless you transmit to this Department a
detailed Statement of the Number, Names, and Age of all the
Persons, Men, Women, and Children, whom you propose to take,
under your Direction, to that Colony, according to the terms
specified in the Circular Letter; nor, unless such statement be
accompanied by an assurance that you are ready to conform your-
self to all the conditions upon which His Majesty's Government
have offered to grant Lands in the Colony. I am, &c.

Henry Goulburn.

[Original.]
Zetter from Mr. John Campbell to Earl Bathurst.

Inybbnbss. I6ih June 1819.

My Lord, — Intending with several of my neighbours to proceed
as Settlers to His Majesty's Colony in the Cape of Good Hope, I
take the liberty of addressing your Lordship with reference to the
terms held out to emigrants by the Government, as contained in
a printed letter sent firom the Colonial Office in answer to queries
on the subject.

The exact number of intending settlers is fotirteen, who, with
their wives and children, will make in all about seventy souls.
These fourteen settlers, or fathers of families, are each of them
ready to pay down to any person appointed to receive the same
ten pounds sterling, being the pledge required by your Lordship,
and on the condition of repayment as specified in the letter.

They are willing to xmdertake the cultivation of whatever grants
of land that may be allocated to them under the usual conditions,
and have already become all bound to that effect. The Tonnage

Records of the Cape Colony. 233

will be provided for the Settlerg, and it is presumed at the expence
of Government.

With reference to the Victualling, the enactments of the Act
43rd of the Bang, cap. 56, seem all to relate to settlers proceeding
to North America ; for tho' the inductive clause of the Act refers
to " His Majesty's Colonies " without particularizing any, yet the
special provisions point out those Colonies for their object, and no
other. The writer is imaware of any other Statute. And the
parties may therefore perhaps store themselves, without regarding
the Statute.

Your Lordship's letter bears that the expence of victualling the
Settlers will be defrayed by themselves. The Applicant is igno-
rant whether Government will procure the Stores, and make the
emigrants pay for them, or whether they will be allowed at the
sight of Government to provide them in such a manner as they
please, or whether Gt)vemment will advance them stores on the
credit of their deposit of £10 ?

Providing your Lordship grants the terms, the Settlers will be
ready to embark from any point in the Parish of Strath, Isle of
Skye, where they now reside, on the shortest notice.

Some months ago the Chief Magistrate of Skye published that
Government was resolved to give a free and victualled passage to
every Settler that would go to the Cape. Incited by this
seemingly official intelligence, about nine hundred people gave
up their farms, sold off their stock, and waited, and stiU wait, for
the fulfilment of these splendid prospects.

By this cruel, or mischievous story, the greater part of this
body wander about without home or means to get one. Among
them are the present applicants on your Lordship's favour. They
have had the foresight of securing their £10 from the shipwreck
of their effects. But unless they are timeously removed, necessity
will compel them to use even this money, and their misery will
be then consummated. Trusting however that your Lordship will
readily stretch forth your hand in their behalf, I for myself and
them, &c.

(Signed) John Campbell.

234 Records of the Cape Colony.

[From the Times of June 18th 1819.]

Emigration.

Tt has been frequently stated as a subject of regret in this
journal that the stream of emigration from the united kingdom
has taken a westerly course. We have lamented it^ because,
according to the actual policy of England, the whole western
Continent must soon be lost to her empire ; and because, in the
most favourable point of view, the natural advantages of North
America are far from presenting to British emigrants the best re-
sources within the dominions of their Sovereign. Southern Africa
has been often pointed out as the most precious and magnificent
object of our colonial policy, and the most firuitfol field of ad-
venture to our emigrant population. We are much pleased with
a document which has been transmitted to us some days ago, and
from which we shall subjoin certain extracts, because it proves
that the spirit of many of our enlightened countrymen is alive to
means of r^uge for the indigent, which have never yet been
resorted to. We shall at the same time advance our firm
persuasion, that for colonization to become an effectual source
of relief to this country, it must be powerfully aided and sup-
ported by the state. Thousands and tens of thousands of our
fellow subjects must be provided for in some way or other, and
cannot be so while they remain at home. Our noble station at
the Gape of Good Hope has the finest soil and climate in the
world ; it is in the centre of both hemispheres — ^it commands the
commerce of the globe — ^it produces in unparalleled abundance
all the necessaries and aU the luxuries of life, whether civilized
or savage. It is the natural key of India, the bridle of America,
and is capable of superseding the whole of Europe in supplying
this country with her accustomed articles of importation. The
natives in the vicinity of our settlement are now in arms against
us. The surface which we might people with hardy Englishmen
is upwards of 100,000 square miles. Make the Cape a free port
for the nations of Europe, and we banish North America from the
Indian seas : carry out as settlers all the families who have not
bread nor labour here, and we lay for posterity another England,
with which, by equitable and skilful government, the moHkuK
country will be joined in bands indissoluble.

Records of the Cape Colony. 235

[OriginaL]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Cafe of GKx)d Hops, 22fMi Jwne 1819.

My Lord, — ^As soon as I was honoured with Tour Lordship's
dispatch of the 24th December last (No. 24) on the subject of
certain Ordnance Stores which had been seized by the Custom
Officers of this place^ I lost no time in calling upon the Comp-
troller of Customs for an explanation of the circumstances alluded
to in your communication, and I have now the honour to forward
to your Lordship a copy of the Comptroller's very detailed report
of this unpleasant and embarrassing circumstance.

Li a former dispatch dated 17th December last (No. 15) I had
the honour to call Your Lordship's attention to this transaction;
and to enclose for your information the documents relating thereto
in the enclosures Nos. 2, 3, and 4 of that dispatch, and I now beg
to state to you that whatever inconvenience the Ordnance Store-
keeper has been put to, or whatever expence may devolve on him
in consequence of this affair, are solely to be attributed to aa
inexplicable pertinacity on his part and to his refusing to comply
in the first instance with those regulations which the Custom
House required not only for the protection of its Eevenue, but for
the safety of the Public, and in the next place, to the levity with
which he thought proper to treat the subsequent prosecution
which had been commenced against him, instead of appealing
£rom the sentence of the Worshipful the Court of Justice, as he
might and ought to have done, which was the legal way of
bringing the case before me in Appeal, and which would have
enabled me to redress the decision of the lower Court, had I had
grounds for so doing, or to refer the case home for a more advised
legal opinion than I might have considered attainable here in a
matter in which Public Stores were concerned, be suffered the
matter to drop, and virtually acceded to the decision, thereby
precluding my interference.

. The case however was still surrounded with difficulty, the
Court of Justice had placed its sentence in the hands of the
Sequestrator for execution, and the Prosecutor and Comptroller
had acquired a legal title to a compensation which ought not

236 Records of the Cape Colony,

apparently to have been interfered in by me. Had the stores
been of any other description than what they were, I am not
aware how I could have protected them against the Sentence of
the LaWy but as the article was Gunpowder and I found that I
possessed great control oyer the disposal of it in any manner, I
notified to the Sequestrator, through the regular channels, that he
must not proceed in the Sale thereof, without further instructions,
and I signified to the parties interested that the proceeds of sale
of such Gunpowder as was disposed of from the Public Stores to
the Inhabitants of the Interior should be deposited in the Govern-
ment Bank to be distributed for their compensation should I
obtain authority from Home so to appropriate it, and that in the
meantime the nature of the seizure must necessitate the Sentence
laying dormant.

The Comptroller, who is principally interested in the Seizure,
has most anxiously solicited the execution of the Sentence of the
Court of Justice, as Your Lordship will perceive from the accom-
panying copies of letters which he addressed to the Colonial
Secretary on the subject, and your Lordship will further see from
the copies of the replies thereto the ground I took for the protec-
tion of the Government interests herein, and in this stage I
anxiously waited for your Lordship's reply to my letter of the
17th December above quoted.

But I have since received a letter from Mr. Secretary Lushington
enclosing a copy of one from the Secretary to the Ordnance
respecting the Seizure and condemnation of this gunpowder and
requesting me to give the necessary directions for the immediate
delivery thereof to the Ordnance Storekeeper and for the repay-
ment of any penalties or costs which may have been levied upon
the Ordnance Storekeeper. This communication is peculiarly
embarrassing, as it calls upon me to set aside the Sentence of
a Competent Court which I am not aware that I have any power
of doing, and Tour Lordship will feel how strictly such a right,
existing in the Grovemor, should be defined, if indeed it is con-
sidered safe to the public interest that such interference be
admissible. The Supreme Government has provided amply for
individual security against any erroneous decisions of the Colonial
Court of Justice by admitting a chain of appeals which end in
His Majesty's Privy Council, but the Colonial Court would view
with great jealousy and uneasiness an arbitrary interference such

Records of ike Cape Colony. 237

as must be exercised in the present case, to give eflfect to Mr.
Secretary Lnshington's instructions.

The case now stands thus: 700 Barrels of Gunpowder have
been seized under very aggravated circumstances of irregularity
and l^ally condemned^ the seizor and prosecutor have obtained
certain rights in consequence of the condemnation ; but from the
nature of the Seizure no efTect has been yet given to the Sentence^
the Gun Powder never having been out of the possession of the
Ordnance Storekeeper, who has not been hitherto put to any
expence whatever. An expedient has been suggested for com«
promising the affair by compensating those legally entitled thereto
by the aforesaid Sentence out of the Proceeds of the Sales of the
Gun Powder from the Public Stores, and I respectfully submit to
Your Lordship whether it may not be wiser and more just to
adopt this expedient than arbitrarOy to reverse the Sentence of
a Court of Justice, which Sentence had it been illegal or unjust
might have been appealed from, and the error, if such had existed,
thereby redressed, and by so doing give room for feelings of in-^
security which now happily do not exist in this Settlement.

It is perfectly clear from Mr. Lushington's letter that in future
irregularity such as has occurred is to be overlooked, and that the
Grovemor is to consider himself possessed of the authority granted
by the Act 51 of the King, Cap. 96, to the Board of Treasury to
direct seizures of this nature to be restored before judgement shall
be given, therefore nothing of the kind can in future occur. At
the same time I beg to assure Tour Lordship that it requires very
great vigilance to protect the Bevenue from the tricks and subter-
fuges which the subordinate Officers of Public Departments have
recourse to, to cover illicit transactions under the cloak of landing
public Stores. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Hekby Somerset.

[Original.]

Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to
Henet Goulburn, Esqre.

Gafb of Good Hofb, 2l^nd Jtme 1S19,

Sir, — ^I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your
letter of the 28th September last, giving cover to one from a

238 Records cf the Cap^ Colony.

person who is desirous to obtain certain information as to the
period of the death of a Mr. Schnaegelsberg, who is stated to have
held the Ofl&ce of Beceiver at this place, and in reply thereto, to
transmit to yon, for the information of Earl Bathnrst, the enclosed
copy of a report &om the Orphan Board of this Settlement, to
whom I caused your letter to be referred, which contains satisfactory
information on the subject. I have &a

(Signed) Charles Henrt Somerset.

The enclosure gives date of the man's death and states that he
left a will bequeathing his property to his. widow.

[Original.]

Eeturn of Troops serving at the Cape of Good Hope on the

25th of June 1819.

Officers of all ranks . 157

Sergeants, Trumpeters, Drummers, and Bank and File :

Boyal Artillery 67

Boyal Engineers 13

38th E^iment . 777

54thBegiment 586

72nd B^ment 845

Boyal African Corps ...... 627

^ ., (Cavahrv 82

Cape Corps jj^^^^;:^ ^gg

Grand Total 3323
Prize Negroes * 70

(Signed) C. H. Somerset, General Commanding.

[Original.]
Zetter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Gape of Good Hofb, 28ih June 1819.

Mt Lord» — I have the honour to acquaint Tour Lordship that
I have availed myself of the return of His Majesty's Ship Phaeton

Beasrds of the Cape Colony. 239

to send by her, directed to My Lords Commissioners of His
Majesty's Treasury, detailed accounts with vouchers of the receipt
and expenditure of the year 1818, and I have now the honour to
forward to Your Lordship a copy of the Accounts Current which
have been sent to His Majesty's Treasury to be submitted to the
Audit Department from the 1st July 1816 to the 31st December
1818.

I take this opportunity of acknowledging the receipt of your
Lordship's dispatch No. 23 (dated 23rd December 1818) enclosing
a copy of a letter addressed to your Under Secretary by the
Secretary of the Treasury, by which it would appear that no
detailed accounts of the receipt and expenditure of this Grovem-
ment have been received at the Treasury prior to the 1st July 1816,
and desiring in consequence that I will transmit Home as early as
convenient the regular accounts of the Colony from the period
when I assumed the Administration of Government. I beg
hereupon to observe to Tour Lordship that shortly after the
formation of a Board for the examination of Colonial Accounts
I was honoured with Instructions from My Lords Commissioners
of His Majesty's Treasury as to the mode in which the detailed
accounts of the Colony were to be kept from the commencement
of the Quarter (if practicable) immediately preceding the receipt
thereof; the Accounts of this Government have therefore been
kept in conformity thereto since that time and transmitted to the
Treasury according to the forms and at the periods directed ; but
prior to that date, in making up the Colonial Accounts, the
system which had been established by the Earl of Macartney
approved at that time and uniformly adhered to by his successors
(my Predecessors in this Government) had been followed; by
this system the Eeceiver General was made Debtor for all
branches of Beceipt which" were paid into his hands, and he
was credited with the expenditure ; such expenditure being
vouched by a warrant under the Governor's hand and counter-
signed by the Colonial Secretary for OBxh' payment by In'm made ;
these warrants, with the Original Accounts which had regularly
been audited by the OflScer appointed to the Office of Colonial
Auditor here by the Commissioners of the Treasury, were not
in duplicate, and became the only and unalienable records and
vouchers of the Receiver General's Department of this Colony
for the pecuniary transactions of this Government. Quarterly

240 Records of the Cape Colomy.

however copies of this Account Current were forwarded by the
Grovemors for the time being to the Colonial Office in England,
and these copies axe now the only record which it appears
practicable to furnish to His Majesty's Treasury to elucidate the
receipt and expenditure which Tour Lordship calls for. As
however the pecuniary concerns of this place are extremely
clear and the items of expenditure almost speak for themselves,
I submit to Tour Lordship whether every substantial use of
the Audit may not be attained by an attentive examination
of the items of expenditure, and if there be any one upon the
propriety of which there cannot be a shade of doubt, let the
disbursement be minutely enquired into, but Your Lordship
will at once see that regulations subsequently directed neither
ought, or indeed can be made applicable to the transactions
which took place previous to the month of July 1816, and in
fact that it is impossible that accounts of the nature now called
for should be rendered.

I trust Tour Lordship will not interpret this, or permit such
construction to be put upon it, into any wish on my part to
withhold either accounts or any information as to the minutest
item of the public expenditure of the Colony; that cannot be
the case, because the details of the Colonial Expenditure are
before Tour Lordship, though unaccompanied with the vouchers
which not having antecedent to the 1st July 1816 been prepared^
either in duplicate or according to the forms since directed,
cannot now be furnished. I have &c*

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Original.]
LetUr from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathtjrst.

Gafb of Good Hope, Juim 28tik 1819.

Mt dear Lord, — My official dispatch which accompanies this
fully details to your Lordship the subject upon which it treats,
but I am led to take the liberty of troubling your Lordship with
this private communication, because I cannot help flattermg
myself that when your Lordship directed your Dispatch of the
23rd of December last, you were not aware of the difficulty

Mecords of the Cape Colony, 241

into which Your Lordship's sanction of the request from the
Treasury was plunging me or of the injustice (if you will pardon
the expression) which the arrangement proposed by that Board
must inevitably do me, that arrangement subjecting my accounts
in this Government to be audited from the 1st of April 1814, ac-
cording to Begulations and Forms not known here till July 1816.

Now, my dear Lord, all I ask is that until those Begulations
were known my accounts should not be audited by their forms ;
if they are, I can perceive no termination to my responsibility
and no hope of a release, because it is not possible for me to famish
the Documents which those Begulations demand for the previous
period.

If the Auditors are to go back to Accounts in this Government
previous to the Establishment of their present system, they must
I presume do so to the Period at which this Settlement fell into
the possession of the British Crown ; if on the other hand they are
to commence their labours upon the newly established system
at any period subsequent to the commencement of Sir David
Baird's administration surely that period ought in fairness to
be when those novel Begulations were known in this Settlement.
From thai moment (1st July 1816) not a Bix Dollar was paid
which was not ui the most strict conformity with those Instruc-
tions. From that moment therefore let me entreat Your Lordship
to permit my accounts to be audited by those Begulations, but
previous to that period let my accounts (which were made out
precisely according to the existing Instructions for my guidance
and have been regularly transmitted periodically to your Lordship)
be examined and discharged as my Predecessors' accounts have
been.

I shrink from no investigation, for I am proud and confident in
saying that no Bevenue could have been expended with greater
attention to frugality, a more ardent desire to economise, or with
greater anxiety for the public interests, but I require that whilst
the Instnictions for making out my accounts were governed by
the Instructions which the Accounts of my Predecessors were
ruled, my Accounts should be passed as theirs have been, but
that from the moment the new Instnictions were known here
my Accounts should be audited by the tenets of those new
Instructions, and if they be found deficient in the Forms prescribed.
I shall submit most willingly to suffer for my negligence.

XII. Jl

242 Records of the. Cape Colony.

The difference then will be thus: I at present stand debited
to the end of the year 1817 with 5,053,421 rds. 4 sks. If sts.,
from which should be deducted the Eevenue from the 1st of April
1814 to 30th June 1816, amounting to 3,168,067 Eds. 1 sk 3} sts.,
leaving the Debit against me 1,885,354 rds. 2 sk. 4 sts., to which
will now be added the Eevenue of 1818 1,394,018-2-1, making
the debit against me to the 31st of December 1818 3,279,372-4-5,
for which I am anxious to meet the scrutinies of the Colonial
Auditors.

Tour Lordship is too affectionate and exemplary a parent not to
feel the awful situation in which the family of every man who is
a public accomptant is placed until his quietus is given. What
then must be the reflection of that man who is told that his
accounts cannot be passed until he produces vouchers prescribed
by ex post facto regulations, which it is utterly impossible to
procure ? Your Lordship will, I am confident, perceive the cruelty
of such a measure being enforced. I rely on youi: Lordship's
fidendship, on Your Lordship's benevolence, on Your Lordship's
justice, to rescue me from so perilous a situation, and I feel
confident that when your Lordship views the subject more
minutely I shall not be unsuccessful in my appeal.

Believe me &c.

(Signed) Charles Henby Somerset.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathubst.

Oafb of Good Hope, 30fA Jtme 1819.

My Lord, — I have been honoured by the receipt of your Lord-
ship's dispatch No. 22, of 22nd December 1818, stating that an
application had been made to your Lordship from the London
Missionary Society to permit some of their body to proceed to
this place for the purpose of exercising their Ministry in the
Colony and of adding to their Establishments already beyond its
limits, and detailing the result of an interview which your Lord-
ship had had subsequently with some members of the Society on
the subject of theirviews and relative to certain complaints against

Records of the Cape Colony, 243

the regulations of the Colony, which they took the opportunity of
stating to your Lordship affected the interests of those whom they
here represented.

Previous to my receipt of this communication from your Lord-
ship, Dr. Philip, the person to whom your Lordship alludes as
being of a superior class and invested with authority to regulate
the proceedings of the inferior Missionaries, had arrived, and he
has obtained leave not only to visit all the stations within the
Colony but to proceed to such of them beyond the limits as are to
the N. and E. of the Orange river. Dr. Philip has commenced his
tonr of inspection and proposes proceeding to Leetakoo and even
farther if he finds it feasible.

I cannot but express to your Lordship the satisfaction I feel at
the determination the Society came to of sending a confidential
and well informed person to reside here for the purpose of con-
trolling the inferior Missionaries. Previous to the arrival of
Dr. Philip the irregularities at several of the stations were such
as not only to have tended materially to frustrate the objects of
the London Missionary Society, but to have caused consider-
able irritation among the Missionaries themselves, in so much
so that finding their statements not credited at home and
consequently not attended to, many of the most respectable of
them (8) had broken off their connection with the Society
altogether. It was impossible for me, anxious as from my
situation I must be for the welfare and improvement of the
different classes of the community here, not to lament that the
system upon which the members of this Society acted was one
from which the benefits which the Parent Society in England
anticipated could not possibly result; it clearly appeared that
religion and civilization, instead of being progressive, in fact
retrograded, and that the useful class of labourers of the Hotten-
tots and Bastard tribes was subtracted from those occupations to
which they were best suited, without benefit to themselves and
with great detriment to the public. It did not require much
local knowledge to see the errors that had been committed and
were continued, but it would have been in vain to have attempted
to stem the current of opinion. The misrepresentations which
were sent home from hence by the inferior Missionaries (and
particularly by some now expelled from the Society) were
published, and whatever calumnies were vented against the

R 2

244 Records of the Cape Colony.

Colonists or the Colonial institutions appear to have been greedily
received and implicitly credited ; it can only be attributed to this
appetite for listening to the fables of their ignorant and some-
times malevolent servants, that grave, well informed and well
meaning men (in other respects) should have waited upon your
Lordship and preferred a series of complaints arising, as they
affirm, from the laws and administration of this Colony, not one
of which is founded in fact.

So far from it having been the case that any impediment has
been thrown in the way of their baptizing or burying the members
of their communities, the animadversion of those who have
officially visited their stations has been expressed at the few
baptisms which had been administered among these congregations
with the means of instruction they possessed, and which instruc-
tion among the children at least might have been enforced, but
which from the system upon which they have hitherto acted of
not compelling children to attend the schools, but leaving it
optional with them so to do or not, has not hitherto effected much
progress at any of the London Missionary institutions within the
boundaries, in the objects for which they were set on foot. With
respect to Burials, it is impossible that any interference whatever
should have taken place with these communities, the institutions
or villages in which they reside are at a considerable distance from
the Towns of the interior, they form a Society apart, have their
own Church or Chapel and their own burjring gi^ound, no one
interferes with them, and any ceremony which they might think
proper to make use of would be neither obstructed, attended to,
or even known. The Calvinists or Presbyterians, whose tenets
are those of the Established Clergy of this Settlement, have no
burial service ; the body is taken to the grave, followed by the
relations and friends, and then deposited without the slightest
ceremonial; but the members of every other congregation use
their respective forms without the smallest molestation or remark.
In this town there is a particular burying ground set apart for
the class of Free blacks or slaves who have embraced the Christian
faith, and even the Mahometans have their peuticular burying
places and deposit their dead according to the peculiar rites of
that people.

With regard to marriages of Hottentots, in no instance can I
learn that any persons have attempted to prevent their taking

JRecords of the Cape Colony, 245

place ;. the Missionaries however have been distinctly informed
that the members of their communities contracting marriages
must do so according to the regulations of the Civil Colonial Law,
and that these regulations cannot be dispensed with. I am the
more surprized at hearing this complaint preferred, as only a few
years since a complaint of a directly reverse nature was made to
your Lordship arising from my having with some severity com-
mented upon the system of concubinage which I had witnessed at
an Institution of a somewhat similar, though far superior, nature
to those of the London Missionary Societies. The founder of
these Societies here, Dr. Van der Kemp, married into this class. .
His successor as chief of the Missions took a Hottentot to wife,
and has since been expelled the Society for concubinage ; neither
of these instances was attempted to be checked. It is true
that they were considered by many as calculated to do injury
to the cause in which these persons were embarked, and
perhaps the Inhabitants of the vicinity in which the Dr.
and Mr. Bead resided expressed themselves to that effect,
and thus gave offence to them; but beyond such expression of
public feeling (a feeling which it will be diflBicult to remove,)
there has been no opposition to these connections, ^which have
however chiefly been confined to the residents at the Institutions.
The Hottentots are precisely similarly situated with the Inhabi-
tants of European descent in respect to the Matrimonial Courts at
which marriages are by law required to be enregistered. Each
district has at least one such court, the most extensive districts,
in which the increase of population has afforded opportunity of
making subdivisions and provision for a Magistrate and Clergy-
man, have some two and one three such Courts. Thus it is not
possible that more attention could have been paid to what your
Lordship considers so essential an object.

From this explanation your Lordship will, I doubt not, be con-
vinced of the inaccuracy of the information from which the
Directors of the London Missionary Society have made their
representations to you, and I am persuaded that as far as the
interior of the Colony is concerned, they will obtain clearer know-
ledge and have better views when Dr. Philip shall have made his
tour of inspection and have reported to the Society. In a letter
which that Gentleman has lately addressed to the Colonial
Secretary, he thus expresses himself: *'That great errors have

246 Records of the Cape Colony.

been committed in the management of the London Missionaiy
Society's Missions in South Africa cannot be denied, and that
some of those errors may be. traced to diflFerent sources will be
readily granted ; but the great source in which most of them have
originated will, I apprehend, be found in the mistaken confidence
which the Directors of the Society appear to have placed in the
late Dr. Van der Kemp's judgment, the man who laid the founda-
tion of the Society's Missions in this part of the African Continent
The Dr. has been acknowledged to have been a man of learning
and genius, but he seems to have been too much of a theorist and
a visionary, and not to have had an understanding sufficiently
practical for the situation he filled as a Missionary or even for the
common purposes of life. When we say that Van der Kemp
appears to have possessed sincerity, to have been a disinterested
man, to have had much commendable zeal, and to have meant
well, I am of opinion that we give him all the praise to which he
was entitled as a Missionary."

It is apparent from this that Dr. Philip has already seen how
full of evU the present system of Missions is, and I entertain the
pleasing and confident hope that his perseverance, temper, infor-
mation, and good sense will overcome the difficulties with which
he will at first be surrounded, and place these Missions upon a
footing which shall be at once beneficial to the Hottentot tribes
and reflect credit upon the benevolent patrons of these Missions
in England. But whatever errors may have been committed in
the establishment of the system upon which the Missions within
the Colony have been conducted, and however injurious, in my
view of the case, the consequences of these errors have been to
this Settlement, the danger arisiug from those Stations which
have been established immediately beyond our limits, the members
or inhabitants of which consider themselves independent of
Colonial Law and Control, is far greater, and will require at no
distant period the most vigilant attention.

Under the pretext of establishing Missions among the tribes
beyond the borders, the Missionary Anderson has attracted to
Griqua Town and its vicinity some thousands of the class of
Bastards, who now range on the banks of the Orange river with-
out order and without control. In a recent interview which the
very active Magistrate of the Frontier District (Graaff Beinet) had
with Mr. Anderson, the latter estimated the number of men of

Records of the Cape Colony. 247

this class capable of bearing arms at 1500, one third of whom had
firelocks and procured ammunition from the Colony, notwith-
standing the great vigilance which is enforced to prevent that
traffick; these people, all bom in the Colony and brought up
under the farmers in the interior, are thus subtracted from the
dass of labourers of this Colony and live chiefly by the plunder of
those tribes who are supposed by the London Missionary Society
to be benefited by the establishment and evangelical labours of
Mr. Anderson ; the degree of misrule which prevails might not
be altogether credited, were it only reported to your Lordship
from the Colony, but the enclosed copies of letters from Mr,
Anderson to the Magistrate of Graaff Beinet will place the subject
before you in an imquestionable point of view, and your Lordship
will see that Mr. Anderson himself has no authority whatever among
them, that instead of protesting against the execution of a supposed
delinquent without form even of trial, he tells his hordes that he
shall submit to their wish to have the man hanged, which was
accordingly done.

Tour Lordship will also see reported one of those predatory
excursions against the peaceable and inofibnsive tribes, whom it
has been the anxious wish of the Colonial Government to cultivate^
and yon will judge from these circumstances what must be the
ultimate consequence of all this to the northern parts of the
Colony. The tribes attacked consider their oppressors as Colonists^
and revenge the assault whenever it is in their power. To counter-
act further emigration, if possible, was a principal object with me
in establishing a aeat of Magistracy in that part of the districts of
Graafif Seinet and Tulbagh which I had the honour to report to
you in a dispatch dated 28th December last ; for that purpose I
directed a tract of land to be set apart for the Bastards, Bosjes^
men, Hottentots, or others of the Free black castes, giving them
an instructor and some peculiar privileges, and I directed the
establishment of a market or fair to attract those without the
Settlement again within its limits, but the measure ean only be
expected to have partial effect whilst Mr. Anderson's Station
remains where it is. Nor is it Mr. Anderson's Mission alone that
has subtracted a large proportion of our best population, the
Missions in the Namaqua Countries count likewise their greatest
numbers from emigrant Colonists of the same class, and though
up to this period the same irregularities have not occurred in

248 Becoris of the Cape Colony.

those remote and tinfniitful parts as have taken place in thd
direction I have been formerly speaking of^ yet even here much
ground of complaint has arisen.

Moved by the consideration arising out of these circumstances,
T have felt it my duty to represent to Dr. Philip that although
i would facilitate his own visiting the Stations beyond the
boundaries, yet I should on no account, without positive directions
to the contrary from your Lordship, permit any additional Mis-
sionaries to cross the Colonial Boundaries for the purpose of
strengthening the present Missions or adding to the number of
those already formed, and I have signified to Dr. Philip that it is
my opinion that Mr. Anderson's establishment, which he has
named Griqua Town, should be broken up, and that he should be
settled either within the Colonial Border or so close to it as to be
considered under the control of the Colonial Government, and the
people attached to him subject to the local law of this place. The
establishment of a Theocracy entirely independent of the Civil
Government was Dr. Van der Kemp's favourite and avowed plan,
and to the attempt to reduce that plan to practice is to be attri-
buted the misrule which has given so much annoyance to the local
Magistracy there. In the prosecution of this scheme both Dr.
Van der Kemp and his successor have not scrupled to resort to
means highly unbecoming the character with which the Society in
England had invested them.

I trust yoiu: Lordship will approve the measures I have adopted
in this regard; I have strenuously endeavoured to support the
principle of introducing Christianity among the Heathens of this
Colony, and have given every aid to the Missionaries who have
had this in view and have cooperated with the Magistracy and
clergy herein. There is great scope for their exertions if properly
directed, and I cannot help remarking that until the Colony itself
is entirely Christian it seems premature to attempt to convert the
tribes beyond it ; by endeavouring to do too much, the good which
might be effected at home is neglected or not efficiently performed,
and perhaps the ultimate result is, in fact, that of making bad
worse. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

Becords of the Cape Colony. 249

[Copy.]
Prodamatian by Lord Charles Somerset.

Whereas by a Proclamation bearing date 23rd April 1812, the
respective landdrosts of the country districts have been authorized
to apprentice all Hottentot children who have attained their
eighth year for the term of ten years, to such of the inhabitants
in whose service they may have been born, and by whom they
have been maintained, during the above-mentioned term of eight
years, under the restrictions and regulations thei'ein prescribed :

And whereas it has been represented to me that it would be
highly advantageous to the class of poor and unprotected infants,
either Hottentots or others, who may at present or hereafter
be found in this colony, and whose situations are not provided
for by the said Proclamation, or by any other law or usage at
present in observance in this colony, if some further provisions
were made for their protection^ I have therefore judged proper
to order, as is ordered by these presents.

That in future, in case of the death of Hottentot or other
females, in the service of inhabitants or otherwise, leaving behind
them an infant or infants without means of subsistence, and whose
cases have not been provided for in the Proclamation of the
23rd April 1812, or any other law or usage at present in observ-
ance in this colony, or in case of any other accident by which
such children shall have been deprived of lawful protection they
before enjoyed, the inhabitant in whose family such infant or
infants at tiiie time of the decease of his her or their mother,
or of such other accident, may happen to be found, shall make
due report of the same within three months, in Cape Town, to His
Majesty's fiscal, in the country districts to the respective land-
drosts, and in Simon's Town to the government resident, on pain
of 100 rix dollars for every person neglecting to do so.

And His Majesty's fiscal, the respective landdrosts of the
country districts, and the resident of Simon's Town aforesaid, are
hereby authorized and directed in the same manner as is pre-
scribed in the said proclamation of the 23rd April 1812, to place
all such Hottentot or other unprotected infant or infants, as by
the laws or usages of this colony are not otherwise provided for,
with Christian inhabitants, of known and acknowledged humane

250 Records of the Cape Colony,

- "v

disposition and good character, binding them as apprentices to
such individuals, until they shall come to the age of eighteen
years, or if females, until they shall come to the age of eighteen
years, or the time of their marriage.

And that no person may plead ignorance hereof, this shall be
published and affixed as usuaL

Grod save the King !
Given under my hand and seal, at the Cape of Good Hope, this
9th day of July 1819.

(Signed) C. H. Somerset.

[Hansard's ParUamentary Debates.]

HousB OF Ck>M]fONB, Monday^ Jviy 12, 1819.

Emigration to the Cape of Good Hope.

The Chancellor op the Exchequer said, he had to propose
a grant for the purpose of enabling his majesty's government
to assist unemployed workmen of this country in removing to one
of our colonies. It had been the wish of his majesty's govern-
ment first to try an experiment on a small scale, how far it might
be possible to employ the surplus population of this country in
one of our colonies, in such a manner as might be advantageous
to the people removed, and beneficial to the country. From the
satisfactory result of this experiment, it was, that government
were now desirous of trying the experiment on a larger scale.
The Colony selected was that of the Cape of Good Hope. The
greater part of the persons disposed to emigrate from this coimtry
rather wished to go to the United States of North America, where
government could give them no direct encouragement, or to the
British colonies of North America. But with respect to the latter,
his majesty's government — considering the inconvenience to which
these persons would be subjected on their arrival in America, had
selected the Cape of Good Hope as the colony to which emigra-
tion might be most advantageously directed. From the mildness
of the climate and the fertility of the soil in some parts, a rapid
and abundant return might reasonably be expected. That colony
was also highly favourable to the multiplication of stock. The
particular part of the colony selected was the south-eastern coast

Records of the Cape Colony. 251

of AMca. It was at some distance from Cape Town. A small
town was already built there. It was proposed to pay the expense
of the passage, and at the same time to secure to the settler the
means of employing his industry to advantage on his landing at
the destined spot. But a small advance of money would be
required from each settler before embarking, to be repaid him in
necessaries at the Cape, by which means and by the assistance
given him by government, he would have sufficient to procure!
him a comfortable subsistence till he got in his crops, which in
that climate were of rapid growth. The Cape was suited to most
of the productions both of temperate and warm climates — to the
olive, the mulberry, the vine, as well as most sorts of culmiferous
and leguminous plants. The persons emigrating to this settle-
ment would soon find themselves comfortable. The right hon.
gentleman concluded with moving the grant of a sum not ex-
ceeding 50,000/. to be issued from time to time, for the purpose
of enabling government to assist persons disposed to settle in his
majesty's colony of the Cape of Good Hope.

Mr. Hume said, he was sorry ministers had not gone farther.
Parishes having able-bodied men willing to work, chargeable on
them, ought to be called on to subscribe sums towards removing
a part of them to this or some other settlement, where their
industry might provide them with a comfortable subsistence.
He thought that if men under such circumstances were unwilling
to emigrate, it might even be advisable to transport them with-
out their consent If the parishes would but contribute the
money they were forced to pay to these persons for one or two
years, from the excellent climate of the Cape, and the fertility
of the soil, the greatest advantages could not fail to be the result

The Chancellor of the Exchequer said, it was a part of the
plan that parishes should have the power of sending out persons
who might be desirous of emigrating; but there ought to be
nothing compulsory. When the parishes and the individuals
chargeable on them were desirous, an opportunity would be
afforded.

Mr. Alderman Wood was surprised that labourers should be
removed from this country, when there was so much waste land
in it that might be cultivated to advantage. There were about
80,000 acres of waste land, on which both corn and flax might
be grown.

252 Records of the Cape Colony.

Mr. Hutchinson approved of the grant. The right hon. gentle-
man had said, that persons wishing to settle in the colony must
make a deposit in this country ; he wished to ask him, if such
people as the distressed manufacturers and labourers of Cork, who
had not the means of making any deposit, might not be exempted
from this regulation ? If government would give a loan to such
persons, and afford them protection till they came to the colony,
there could be little doubt, from the glowing language in which
the right hon. gentleman had described that country, tha)} they
would soon be able to repay the sums advanced.

Mr. Williams was convinced that this country possessed within
itself the means of employment for all its inhabitants, and that
nothing more was necessary than to cultivate those lands which
at present were waste.

The motion was agreed to.

[From the Timee of July 14th 1819.]

A sum of £50,000 has been voted by the House of Commons,
upon the motion of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, for the
assistance of such unemployed workmen as wish to emigrate to
one of our colonies. The colony selected by Government is that
of the Cape of Good Hope. It is on the south-east side of Africa^
remarkable for the mildness of the climate and the general fertility
of the soil. The advantages of such a situation for the purposes
of emigrants have been tried on a small scale by our Government ;
and the result of their experiment is so satisfactory, that they
wish it to be applied more generally. The person wishing to
emigrate is to be sent out passage free ; but. he will be required
to deposit a small sum of money previous to his voyage, to be
repaid him in necessaries at the Cape on his arrival, by which
salutary precaution he will not encounter those difficulties which
almost oppress the voluntary exile when he lands in the United
States of America. In the colony at the Cape, the emigrant will
find no obstacle to an immediate settlement; he will not be
subject to the inclemencies of a severe winter, and expend his
little all before he sees any prospect of a future maintenance
for his family. Such an arrangement may be productive of

Records of the. Cape Colony. 253

much good to this country, and to those adventurers who adopt
it. Parishes will thus possess the means of recommending
employment, and the great probability of ultimate comfort, to
those able bodied individuals chargeable upon them, who have
no work and cannot starve; and the redundancy of population,
so much complained of in these days, may be materially diminished.
It is scarcely necessary to remark, that there is no disposition on
the part of the Government to force emigration ; but when it is
desired, they give a facility of conveyance, and have already
provided a place, where the goodness of the land, and the rapid
growth of its productions, supply a speedy reward to the efforts of
honest industry.

[Original.]

Letter from Miles Bowker, Esqre., to
Henry (tOulburn, Esqre.

ICanob Housb, Newton, Wn.TON, JuZy \Wi 1819.

Hon. Sir, — Finding \>j a paper handed to me yesterday by the
Bevd. Wm. Boscawen that it is the intention of His Majesty's
Government to countenance emigration to the Cape, and being for
some time past determined with my family to take that step,
I have to beg you will do me the favour to inform me what
encouragement can be given to a large family qualified by every
practical operation to promote the improvement of land and the
welfare of such an establishment and the time when the first
opportunity will be given to proceed to the Colony,

By constant application and industry in large concerns I have
twice in my life been worth fourteen thousand pounds or upwards,
and twice by necessary political arrangements had that sum nearly
annihilated, presently upon a large farm here where I can make
a living, but cannot provide for a family of eight sons and one
daughter without reducing them to the lowest ranks in Society,
which ill accords with the previous knowledge of being descended
from the first, we are unanimous in this resolution, and though it
is not our intention immediately to leave this situation, yet we
intend so to divide the family that whilst the one part is here
drawing the business to such a conclusion as will enable us to
settle our concerns properly in this Country, the other pait are

254 Records of fke Gape Colony.

ready to proceed in taking such steps as are found fittest to make
an attempt to provide for the whole in a distant settlement.

As we consider ourselves so far respected by every class of our
neighbours as to be able to take out with us any number of able
husbandmen that we could think could be well employed and
with which our Parish is at this time sadly overburthened, and
as to my wish to keep a considerable merino flock which I have
been long accustomed to, which business particularly the assorting
and scouring the wool I have brought to a great perfection in the
Spanish manner, I hope that a grant of one thousand acres will
not be considered too much for' such an undertaking, as this is
even considerably less than I have been accustomed to occupy for
many years.

Originally largely concerned in wholesale mercantile and manu-
facturing engagements and well accustomed to general business,
first in Northumberland, I would be proud to lend my assistance
in any way to promote the general views of his Majesty's Ministers
in this concern and if needed I could promptly satisfy them of my
ability and fitness for such employment. I have &c.

(Signed) Miles Bowksk.

[Original.]
Letter from Lieutenant John Crause to Earl Bathubst.

West Squabb, Lambkth, l^th Jvi^ 1819.

My Lord, — I beg leave to solicit your Lordship will be pleased
to inform me whether I may be allowed a Grant of Land at the
Cape of Good Hope or in Canada, with a free passage, and if
Government gives any further encouragement to oflBcers to become
settlers in either of those places, as I perceive by the public prints
something of that nature is in agitation respecting the Cape.

I have &c.

(Signed) John Crause,
Lt. and Adjutant H.P. Secruiting District.

Records of the Cape Colony. 255

[From the Times of July 17th 1819.]

It will be recollected, that £50,000 were granted by the House
of Commons, on the motion of the Chancellor of the Exchequer,
for encouraging emigration to the Cape of Gk)od Hope. An official
circular, which we have given in another part of our journal,
contains the regulations to be observed by those who emigrate
from this country to the new colony. The money granted is to
be applied exclusively to the benefit of those who will engage
to carry out at least 10 able-bodied individuals above the age
of 18, with or without families, the Government reserving to
themselves the right of selection. Each person so engaging is
to deposit £10 for every family so taken out; but the family
is not to consist of more than a man, his wife, and two children,
under the age of 14 : all the children above that age, and under
18, aie to be paid for at the rate of £5 a head, and £5 for every
two children under 14. In consideration of this deposit, a passage
and provisions during the voyage wUl be provided by Government.
On landing, one-third of the advance money will be returned, and
100 acres of land granted, on a quit rent, not exceeding £2, to be
Admitted for 10 years, to every such person or family whom he
takes out One-third more will be paid when the settlers are
actually fixed in their allotments, and the remainder three months
afterwards.

If 100 families emigrate together, and apply for permission to
take with them a minister of their own persuasion. Government
undertakes to give a salary to such minister, if approved of by the
Secretary of State.

If any parishes unite in selecting a person to go to the Cape,
with settlers under his direction, such as are described above, and
shall advance money in the above-mentioned proportions, they
may bargain with such individual or settlers, that they shall not
again become chargeable to their respective parishes.

Such are the outlines of the system on which the Government
intend to proceed in forming the new colony at the Cape. The
precautions thus taken will obviate many of the difficulties en*
countered by those who go to the United States in the vague hope
of finding immediate relief from British taxation, abundance, and
the enjoyment of a free Government : but it may be a question

256 Records of the Cape Colony,

whether, under the existing laws of settlement in this country,
any parish can say to its poor, " We will give you a certain sum,
and you shall never more be troublesome to us." An emigrant
might soon discover that an African climate and colonial habits
were injurious to his health, and detrimental to his little comforts ;
by his bargain with the parish officers he must remain where he
is located, because revocare gradum is not merely a serious work
and labour, but an absolute impracticability.

He may die if he remains ; he must starve if he returns. The
requisition of a previous money-deposit is a prudential measure,
and the method of returning it by instalments very judicious ; and
we doubt not that, though some few objections may be readily
made to the scheme, its adoption will be productive of much
practical benefit.

[Original.]
Letter from J. T. B. Beaumont, Esqre., to Eael Bathubst.

CocHTT Fibs Offiob, London, Jii^ 17fh 1819.

Mt Lobd, — I have a turn for devising and conducting beneficial
associations amongst men which I have successfully exercised in
the formation of the first Volunteer Bifle Corps in this country
(the Duke of Chimberland's Sharp Shooters), the Provident Life
Office, the County Tire Office, the original Provident Institution or
Bank for Savings (in 1806) &c.

In the further indulgence of this disposition I have planned and
carried into effect the building of new villages on my land at each
end of London, viz. at Shepherd's Bush and at Stepney, whereon I
have caused to be erected upwards of two himdred new houses.
But in these latter plans I have been counteracted and have lost
many thousand pounds owing to the local justices refucdng to allow
beer to be sold on either of my estates.

I have in consequence looked about for a place where I might
employ my capital free from such unreasonable prohibition, and
considering that we have an excess of population whose support
as paupers or felons (in the absence of useful employment) is a
great burthen to the honest and industrious remainder, and tiiat it
would be a relief to the country and benefit to the individuals to
convey them to some fruitful soil in want of population, and

Records of the Cape Colony, 257

considering that such soil is not to be found in our possessions in
North America, considering further that it would be desirable to
torn the tide of emigration to the United States, from that
direction to South America, I have made proposals to the govern-
ment of Buenos Ajnres for a large tract of land for the establishment
of a colony of Englishmen, which proposal is now under the
consideration (the favourable consideration I am told) of that
Government.

But having considered the newly proposed settlement on the
coast of Africa and the terms set forth in the circular from the
treasury and presuming that the land is to be tythe-free, I wish to
carry my plans into effect at that place. I therefore offer to send
ouf 1000 able bodied men, part of them with families, and to
deposit £10,000 on the conditions stated in the circular. I will
undertake to send out these to the extent of one hundred at least
in every year so as to complete the amount in ten years or two
hundred in every year so as to complete the amoimt in five years,
as Government may chuse.

I ask for an allotment of 100,000 acres of land, for which I am
willing to pay a quit rent of five hundred pounds a year, the land
to be as nearly in a square form as may be, with one side abutting
against a good bay or navigable river, or with such river passing
through the allotment ; the land to be such as affords rich pastur-
age or can be easily brought into cultivation, the tenure to be
subject to the conditions stated.

Should my offer be accepted I hope for the honour of permission
to inspect the maps of the settlement and any descriptions thereof
which are to be shown, as also for information how soon it would
suit the views of Government to supply conveyance for 200 men
and the families of some of them. I have &c.

(Signed) John Thomas Babber Beaumont.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, l^h July 1819.

My Lord, — I have received and laid before the Prince Regent
your separate and confidential dispatch of the 25th of April

XIL

258 Records of the Cape Colony.

requesting permission to return to England for a limited period on
private aflfairs of a very urgent nature, and I take the earliest
Opportunity of acquainting you that although His Eoyal Highness
cannot conceal firam himself the public Advantage which would
have resulted from your presence in the Colony during the early
period of the ensuing year at which the Colonial Government will
be called upon to carry into effect a more extended System of
emigration from this Country to the Cape, to which the Sanction
of Parliament has been obtained ; yet His Eoyal Highness cannot
deny himself the satisfaction of marking by an Acquiescence in
your request, the Sense which he entertains of your conduct, in
the administration of the Colony.

If therefore your Lordship should not be able consistently with
the urgent occasion which requires your return to England, to
postpone your departure from the Cape until the month of April
next, you will consider yourself at liberty to proceed to this
country as soon after the receipt of this dispatch as may suit your
convenience. As the first Settlers from this country will probably
arrive at the Cape early in the next year, your Lordship will not
fail to leave with the ofl&cer who may succeed to the Government
full instructions for carrying into effect the settlement of these
persons agreeably to the expectations which have been held out to
them, in the Paper enclosed, and to the principles hitherto adopted
by Your Lordship in the few Cases for which you have been called
upon to provide.

You will also desire that such preparations be made for their
speedy conveyance to the place where they will be located, as may
occasion as little delay and embarrassment as possible. And I
trust that by availing yourself with as little delay as possible of
the Prince Kegent's gracious permission to leave the Colony, you
will be able to resume the administration of its Affairs at a period
sufl&ciently early to obviate the inconvenience to which the infant
establishments of Settlers might be exposed by your prolonged
absence from the Colony. I have &c.

(Signed) Batuukst.

Records of the Cape Colony. 259

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, 2Qth July 1819.

My Lord, — I have the honor of enclosing a Copy of the
Letter which I have directed to be addressed to all persons
applying to this Department for permission to proceed as Settlers
to the Cape of Good Hope, specifying the conditions upon which
alone the Government will give to them either encouragement or
assistance.

Your Lordship wiU observe that the individuals under whose
direction the settlers proceed, are respectively responsible for the
whole charge of their maintenance, from the time of their landing
at the Cape ; And in order to obtain some security that these
individuals will be able to maintain them, the deposits which
they shall have previously made in this country, will begin, from
that time, to be repaid to them by your Lordship under the
conditions therein specified.

There is reason, however, to apprehend that the Sums which
they may thus receive, may not in all cases be sufficient for the
maintenance of the settlers, until the land on which they shall be
located will be sufficiently cultivated to support them. It is,
therefore, very desirable that such Arrangements should be made
previously to their arrival, as will give the individuals who under-
take the direction of the Settlers every facility in maintaining
them, and in conveying them as speedily as possible to the place
of their location.

It is obvious that every delay in assigning lands to the several
parties as they arrive must materially waste their means of
support, and more or less influence their ultimate success. I have,
therefore, most earnestly to recommend to your Lordship, in the
first instance, an immediate Survey of an adequate portion of the
district in which it is proposed to make the first establishment
and such a previous division of the lands into lots as may enable
you at once to point out to the several parties, on their Arrival,
not only the district to which they are to proceed, but the
particular lots of which they are to acquire possession; and it
would be further extremely desirable, with a view to the sub-
sistence of the settlers that the best fishing grounds on the Coast

s 2

260 Records of the Cape Colony,

ia the neighbourhood of the new Settlements should be forthwith
ascertained by actual experiment.

Your Lordship will further make arrangements for a certain
quantity of rations being prepared for them on their arrival at or
as near the place on which it is proposed to locate them as
circumstances will permit, and these may, if necessary, be made
over to the individuals in lieu of the instalments which they are
entitled to receive, so far as these instalments will cover the
original Cost of the rations so provided, and you will also consider
yourself at liberty to sell an additional quantity at prime Cost,
during the first six months after their location, always making it
clear to them that they are not under any necessity of purchasing
what the Government may have provided, if they imagine that
they can procure provisions at a cheaper rate, or in a more
convenient manner.

The vessels in which the settlers embark will be engaged after
touching at Cape Town or Simon's Bay, to proceed to any other
port of the Colony which your Lordship may direct, in order to
put it in your power to avail yourself of them for the purpose of
conveying the settlers at once to the spot nearest the spot of their
final location. Should any Circumstances, however, render it
more advisable to employ smaller Vessels on this Service, the
expence of such Vessels will be to be defirayed by Gk)vemment,
and will therefore be to be watched by you with the closest
Attention.

After the settlers shall be landed as near the place of location
as circumstances will permit, you will afford them every reasonable
assistance in procuring means of Transport for themselves, their
families and baggage to the lands allotted to them, and in forming
their establishments in the manner most conducive to the early
cultivation of the Soil and to their substantial comfort. With a
view to this latter purpose, your Lordship will direct the
particular attention of tiie Landdrost of each district to the Settlers
who may be placed within it, in order that they may have, fix)m
time to time, the benefit of his experience and advice, and may
not be involved in diflSculties from ignorance of the habits of the
Country, or of the mode in which their industry may, in the
first instance, be most beneficially employed.

A Supply of agricultural implements will be sent out in the
first Ships engaged for the conveyance of Settlers with a view to

Records of the Cape Colony, 261

yt>ur Lordship's disposing of them to such Settlers as may require
them at prime cost, or on credit, accepting security for future
payment either in money or produce as may be least burthensome
to the respective purchasers. Your Lordship will also consider your-
self at liberty to supply Seed Com (in cases where it may appear
to you necessary) upon terms equally favorable. It appears to me
further that it would add greatly to the comfort of the settlers and
would discourage the attempts which may at first be made to
impose upon them, if in addition to rations, your Lordship should
be prepared to furnish them at prime cost and on the same terms,
with other Articles of the iirst necessity, so far always as not to
interfere with the fair retail Trade of the Country ; and generally
it is my duty to convey to you the anxious Wish and injunctions
of the Prince Begent that in confiding these settlers to your
Lordship's Care, they will not find that they have lost the pro-
tection of His Majesty's Paternal Government.

At the same time, however, that I have thus given to your
Lordship a discretionary authority to afibrd assistance in every
practicable manner to the settlers who may arrive in the Colony,
and who may on their arrival be unable from deficiency of means
to carry their ultimate objects into effect, I deem it necessary
to guard you against an impression that it is the intention
of His Majesty's Government generally to take upon themselves
any further expence on account of these persons than what may
be incurred in their removal from this country and in their main-
tenance until landed in the Colony. Experience has shewn that
the Settlement and Cultivation of waste Land is best achieved
by the active application of the means which the settlers on
it may themselves possess; and your Lordship will not be dis-
posed to give this further assistance except in cases where it may
be essentially necessary to prevent the industrious Settler from
being overwhelmed by the pressure of unavoidable difficulties.

You will observe also that the Government have entered into
no engagement with any but the individuals under whose direc-
tion the Settlers proceed to the Colony, and although it is by no
means the wish of His Eoyal Highness The Prince Eegent that
assistance should be withheld from the settlers themselves, if
actually distressed, yet it appears upon the whole more con-
venient and advantageous that you should in general afford it to
them only through the medium of the individuals under whose

262 Records of the Cape Colony.

direction they have voluntarily placed themselves; Your Lord-
ship, however, will not consider this instruction as extending
to prevent your immediate interference in any case in which the
Settlers may prefer complaints against the person under whose
direction they are placed : but will on all such occasions use your
utmost endeavours to secure the due fulfilment of the conditions
into which they may have entered with their principal and that
attention incident to their dependent State to which, without any
stipulation, they may be considered as having a claim.

As some of the settlers may be artificers, who may be more
beneficially employed at the Cape than at the place of their
location, your Lordship will consider yourself at liberty to allow
these persons to be established in any part of the Colony, provided
this is done with their own consent, and with that of the in-
dividual under whose direction they may have arrived. But as the
number of those who can be so advantageously employed in the
Colony must be limited, I should prefer this indulgence being
given to those emigrants who go out singly, at their own risk
and expence, rather than to those who have received the Assis-
tance of Government.

Your Lordship will receive Bibles and Common Prayer Books
which you will distribute to those of the Settlers who may apply
to receive them, and you will signify to me if more should be
wanted, although after the first settlement T do not think it would
be advisable that the distribution should be gratuitous.

I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Original.]
Letter from Mb. George Southey to Earl Bathurst.

Wellington, Somebset, July 2\8t 1819.

My Lord, — I most humbly beg leave to ask your Lordship
what the terms are on which Government proposes to send
Settlers to the Cape of Good Hope, as there are many industrious
men with families in this neighbourhood who would be glad
to embrace the opportunity, and they are not disafiected persons

Records of the Cape Colony, 263

who want to live in anarchy, but men that would be content
to work hard for 7s. per week if they could get constant employ-
ment. I am &c.

(Signed) Geo. Southey.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. John Cawood to Earl Bathurst.

Lebdb, 2l8t July 1819.

My Lord, — In consequence of the alarming increase of pauperism
a special committee has been appointed by the Guardians of the
poor in this Township to inquire into the causes that have produced
it, and to report if necessary the best remedies for the removal
of this EviL As chairman of this meeting I have presumed to
address the following queries to Your Lordship, which I hope you
will be pleased to answer, and excuse the intrusion, as the impor-
tance of the case compels the application.

Your oflRcial Circular respecting the proposed Settlers at the
Cape of Good Hope has reached us through the medium of the
public papers, on which we would ask :

1. At what ports will the Embarkation and Disembarkation
take place ?

2. Where can we apply to get particular information as to the
utensils requisite to take out, necessaries, clothes, &c., &c. ?

3. Do the Engagements made in England by the poor persons
that an adventurer takes along with him to the Cape (such as tlie
Engagement of a Blacksmith, &c., to serve for 3 years) continue
firm and binding under the Colonial Government ?

4. Can the Guardians of the poor in this Township, which
contains a population of 40,000, legally apply the money collected
towards the maintenance of the poor with the aid which Govern-
ment offers in supporting their colonists at the Cape ?

5. What number of persons may we suppose it will be allowed
for us to send there ? I remain &c.

(Signed) John Cawood.

264 Records of the Cape Colony.

[Origiual.]
Letter from Thoius Lack, Esqbe., to Henrt Goulbubk, Esqrk.

OnnoB or ComfiTm of Pbitt Gouvoil iob Tbasb,
WiimBALL, 22nd JtHy 1819.

Sir, — The Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade,
having had under their consideration the copy of a letter firom
Messrs. Wm. and Js. Bumie (transmitted in yours of the 14th
ultimo), requesting to be informed "whether Indian goods which
have been regularly entered at the Cape can or cannot be legally
exported from thence to the West Indies, and the British Posses-
sions in both Americas, and whether they do, or do not come
under the head of Cape Produce;" and their Lordships having
thought fit to consult the Commissioners of His Majesty's Customs
on this subject, I am directed to acquaint you, for the information
of Earl Bathurst, that the Lords of this Committee are of opinion
that Indian goods cannot be legally exported from the Cape
to the West Indies, or the British Possessions in both Americas,
the same being contrary to the Act of the 7 Greo. 1st, cap. 21,
sec. 9 : and that such goods cannot be considered as the produce

of the Cape. I am &c.

(Signed) Thomas Lack.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. B. H. Banks to Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

No. 9 Bridge Street, Westminster, Jvljf 23rd 1S19.

Sir, — From a published circular from Downing Street respecting
the emigration to the Cape of Good Hope. I beg your permission
to ask the few questions I shall take the liberty of subjoining, in
order that I may be better acquainted with the nature of soil and
of the undertaking and objects.

I have been accustomed to agriculture in different branches and
particularljr the new cultivated lands, so that my experience
would be of service, and I should like much to go out to the
Cape providing there was a prospect of being situated upon such
a soil as would recompence for the trouble and expence. I can

Records of the Cape Colony, 265

in a very short period procure from ]0 to 100 men or families
of superior strength and hardiness that could excercise other
occupations as well as agriculture, such as wheelwrights, smiths,
builders, miners, &c., &c. Shall be obliged by your reply enclosing
me a few circulars. I am Sir &c.

(Signed) Eery Hathway Banks.

1st. On arriving there whether any further assistance will be
rendered by Government, such as a granary or any other neces-
sary place for our produce or any advance of money for the
erection of them.

2. Whether we are intended to be settled near the Coast for
the convenience of shipping and whereabout there intended to
be stationed.

3. If it's necessary to take out implements of husbandry or
whether they can be procured there, or what it may be necessary
to take out.

4. In which way you anticipate these families are to be engaged
with so as to encourage them to industry and tranquillity.

5. If you allow us to grow what produce we think the soil best
adapted for, or whether any article interfering with West India
Colonies will be prohibited.

6. If we are allowed to send such produce to the best Market,
that is a foreign instead of English Market if it shoidd be thought
adviseable.

7. The nature of soil, whether it is light, Sandy, Rocky, free
from roots, or stiff marly clay, &c., because the implements of
husbandry must be made accordingly.

8. Whether you allow a person to take out a quantity of
necessaries for the use of these families.

9. Whether a wife and two children belonging to a person who
takes over 10 families would be taken over 12 months after her
husband upon the same terms as tho' she had accompanied him
upon giving the usual security.

10. When the first shipment is likely to be made, as I wish
much to go by it.

11. If Government will lend tents till such time we can build
houses. If they have any at the Cape.

266 Records of the Cape Colony,

[Original.]

Letter from Miles Bowker, Esqre., to Henry

Gk)ULBURN, Esqre.

London, July TAih 1819.

Hon. Sir, — Having yesterday the honour of receiving your

letter at South Newton, I have lost no time in waiting upon you

here, requesting information on the following queries. I am

exceeding sorry to be thus troublesome, but well aware that many

great undertakings of this sort have come to an unhappy issue

for want of such circumspection, I trust the occasion will excuse

the enquiries, and I will wait upon you, or attend here to be

informed where the information can be best procured; and I

have &c.

(Signed) Miles Bowkeb.

If a vessel could not go from Bristol in October or November to
suit the west of England settlers.

What stowage room would be allowed each family or leading
settler for bedding, furniture, and husbandry utensils.

If any medicines will be provided for the passengers on the
voyage.

If any means can be given of confining the people taken out
as labourers for such time as will repay by their labour the
expence incurred by the head settler, and what is recommended
as the best way of doing this part of the business.

What the distance of the intended settlement from the Gape,
if near the coast, if near a port, or navigable water, and the name.

The nature of the ground, and whether fittest for the vine,
tillage, sheep, or other purpose.

Whether Indian wheat, potatoes, and other esculents may be
planted or sown with good prospect, and when the properest time.

Some wheat from the Cape is most excellent ; what culture does
it generally require, and when the best time of sowing wheat,
barley, peas, beans, &c., and if it is recommended to take out any
of these kinds of seeds or others.

What kinds of cattle or horses are to be had, and which is
esteemed fittest for the cultivation of the country, and the general
value of such stock.

What kind of sheep are used as fittest, and if part of the

Records of the Cape Colony, 267

Country is not calculated for large sheep, and other parts hilly
and fit for highland or merinos, and if merinos are to be had, and
considered fittest, and the price ; and if this kind of wool was well
managed in the Saxon or Spanish way it would not answer a good
purpose for a Home Market, and if stout armed or piked hurdles
would not be a needful protection and easy means of securing
sheep and other cattle there, as well as manuring the ground for
tillage.
. If pigs thrive well, and the value.

If the land is generally close wooded, of what general quality,
if various, if roads or communication is safe and easy, if immediate
attention will be given on the vessels arriving to put the parties
in possession of their portions, if they will be granted by lot or
according to the different pursuits of the parties, if encouragement
and assistance will be given for prosecuting the cultivation of the
olive, vine, mulberry, fig, coffee, tobacco, Ehubarb, or any other
particular article.

If the planters will be protected in their situations by Govern-
ment and if they will be allowed fire arms and ammunitions and
to be embodied for their own protection, and if they will be
allowed to hunt and shoot to a sufficient distance to provide
occasional food.

If tents will be necessary until needful houses can be built,
and if any old tents or others can be had from Government until
that period.

If head and petty constables will be appointed amongst the
settlers to check the turbulent by handing them over to the
proper magistrate, and in the case of one hundred families going
out and agreeing about a clergyman, what would be the Govern-
ment allowance to a person approved.

May it be recommended that a thrashing machine of moderate
power be sent out with each certain portion of cultivators under
proper regulations, as the means of getting over one of the most
difficult operations that settlers will find themselves contending
with.

268 Records of the Cape Colony,

[Original]
Letter from Me. John Stanley to Earl Bathurst.

No. 11 MuiBEBBT Stbkbt, Manchsstib, 24<ft July 1819.

My Lord^ — I feel sorry in taking up your valuable time, by
requesting some explanations on the subject of emigration to South
Afirica. My intentions are to take out settlers for said Colony, and
as many circumstances requiring explanation necessarily strike me
your Lordship will confer a great obligation by giving further
informatioiL Is 'it understood that the grant of land made to the
person taking out settlers, that he is to be the sole proprietor of
the land granted, and if not^ how far the matter is to be managed
with respect to the settlers, being labourers? Is it understood
that the deposit money to be returned in seeds, plants, &c., at the
Colony is deemed adequate to stock the land granted with live
stock, beasts of burden or labour, food for the time whilst the
crops are housed, implements of husbandry, seeds, &c? If not,
what capital will be necessary to take out to stock 1000 acres with
the number of settlers stipulated by government ?

If any of the settlers should not or would not cultivate the
respective 100 acres, would the rest be aU forfeited ?

Would government grant arms and ammunition to defend the
settlers against the wild beasts &c. ?

Will the government land the settlers at the Cape or on the
lands granted ? Is the land to be assi^ed at Algoa Bay or where ?

At what time and place will the government appoint a convey-
ance for settlers from Lancashire ? The summer season begins at
the Cape of Good Hope about the 1st October and the harvest in
January and February ; it would therefore be necessary, (to get
the coming crop in time against the rainy season) to appoint a
vessel very soon.

To those who are desirous of emigrating the {|}>ove observations
must of course strike them very forcibly, and I have no doubt
your Lordship will kindly give such information thereon as will
most conduce to the welfare of the Settlers.

Waiting the honour of a communication on these subjects firom
your Lordship, and requesting pardon for intruding myself on your
Lordship's time and attention, I remain &c.

(Signed) John Stanley.

Records of the Cape Colony. 269

[Original.]
Letttr from Mr. Alexander Biqgar to Earl Bathurst.

No. 79 St. Avbtn Strut, Plymouth Dock, 2fffA Jtdy 1819.

My Lord, — I have the honour to request that your Lordship
will do me the favour to inform me what are the conditions and
encouragements held out by His Majesty's Government to those
persons and families who wish to settle in the new Colony near
the Gape of Good Hope. I have &c.

(Signed) Alex, Biqgar.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. Benjamin Osler to the Mayor of Falmouth.

Falmoutb, Jvly 25IA 1819.

Sir, — I beg leave to inform you I am desirous of availing myself
of the late liberal arrangement of government in assisting those
who may be disposed to emigrate to the CapOi and most respect-
fully solicit your immediate application on my behalf. I consider
you, Sir, (Chief Magistrate of the town) the proper channel through
which I should apply.

My family consists of a wife and ten children, my own age 44,
my wife 45, two children above 18, two between 14 and 18, and
the remaining six below that age, all healthy and capable of work.
Three or four of the youngest I would leave with their friends at
home until I was established, the others would accompany me, for
whose passages I would advance the amount required by Govern-
ment agreeably to the regulation, and in addition take with me
one able husbandman and in like manner advance for him. My
means I am concerned to state to your worship allow me to go no
further. Our habits are those of industry, sobriety, a^d economy,
and from the experience I have had in general concerns flatter
myself I should be found a useful settler in the new colony, the
temperature of which is such as I have been accustomed to. In
the event of obtaining permission will be anxious to embrace the
first opportunity of embarking. I have &c.

X (Signed) Benjamin Osler.

270 Records of the Cape Colony.

[Office Copy.]

Letter from Heney Goulburn, Esqre., to
LoBD Charles Somerset.

London, IQth July 1819.

My Lord, — This letter will be delivered to your Lordship by
Mr. Henry Moore ; and I have received Eaxl Bathurst's directions
to desire that your Lordship will direct a portion of land to be
granted to Mr. Moore, according to the means which he may
possess of cultivating it. I have &c.

(Signed) Henry Goulburn.

[Original.]
Letter from Lieutenant Crause to Earl Bathurst.

BocHESTEB, 2Qth July 1819.

My Lord, — In compliance with your Lordship's circular letter
relative to Emigration to the Cape of Good Hope, I beg leave to
acquaint your Lordship that ten useful and respectable families,
some of whom possess good capitals, have offered to accompany
me to the Cape for the purpose of becoming settlers there under
the conditions and advantages laid down in your Lordship's
circular alluded to. I further beg leave to inform your Lordship
that I am ready to make the deposit required as soon as I have
the honor to receive instructions from your Lordship to that effect.
I trust from the long and faithful services of my Father, together
with my own, your Lordship will be inclined to grant my request,
and allow me to proceed with the first party in November.

I have &c.
(Signed) Chas. Crause, First Lt. E. Marines.

Kewrds of the Cape Colony. 271

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. Bailie to Mr. Huskisson.

44 Pabliament Street, July 21th 1819.

Mr. Bailie presents his compliments to Mr. Huskisson, and
takes the liberty of transmitting to him a memorandum he has
drawn up on the late Circular for colonizing the Cape. Much
more might be said on this subject. Mr. Bailie begs to remind
Mr. Huskisson of his kind promise to introduce him to Mr.
Groulbum's notice.

[Original.]
Letter from Me. Walter Synnot to Earl Bathurst.

Balltwattbb, Irelakd, July 2$th 1819.

My Lord, — I had the honour of receiving a letter from the
Secretary of State's office dated 28th May 1818, giving me in-
formation respecting the settlement of British Colonists at the
Cape of Good Hope. I am still desirous of establishing my
family there, and have it in my power to comply with the
regulations adopted by Government. However I hope I should
not be altogether a useless person, and that Government will ever
find me a zealous servant to her interests; and that if I go to
that Colony it is with a desire of promoting civilization amongst
the surrounding savage tribes and providing for my children a
permanent subsistence. I beg to be informed at what season of
the year Colonists are to embark, and from what port, and if it
is possible to ascertain the expence attending the removal of ten
families from the Cape and locating them in the situation assigned.
I am particularly desirous of obtaining correct information, which
may either prevent my embarking in an undertaking that might
prove ruinous to my dependants and myself, or encourage me to
proceed with firmness. I cannot presume to trouble your Lord-
ship with further enquiries, but hope you will favour me with
an audience when I shall have it in my power to go to London.

I am &c.

(Signed) Walter Synnot.

272 Records of the Cape Colony,

[Original.]

Letter from Mr. Daniel Hockley to
Henry Goulburn, Esqrb.

No. 9 Bbookx Stbebt, Holbobn, Jviy 281^ 1819.

Sir, — In consequence of the announcement of the intention of
His Majesty's Government to assist those disposed to emigrate
to the Gape of Good Hope, after most mature consideration I am
induced to trouble you with this to request I may be admitted
of the number. I am a married man, aged 32 years, my wife 29,
3 children, and can make the deposit required. But I hope you
will pardon my soliciting an answer to 2 or 3 questions which the
anxious solicitude of a husband and father dictates.

Whether there will be an indiscriminate mixture of all persons
appl}dng. (As I humbly conceive some of the most abandoned
and profligate characters may apply to avail themselves of the
gracious offer of Government.) Whether if the emigrant defrays
the expence of the voyage that will entitle him to any advantage,
if so what those expences will be. You Sir may perhaps think
those who are disposed to accept of the boon should not trouble
with questions. And the only apology I can make for putting
them is having hitherto moved in respectable circumstances, but
reduced under Providence by misfortune and losses. It may be
necessary to add I am by trade a goldsmith, but have a veiy
general knowledge of mechanics and some little of agriculture.
Soliciting as early an answer as the nature of the case will admit.

I beg &c.

(Signed) Daniel Hockley.

[Original.]
Letter from LoRD Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Cafb of Good Hops, 2d<ft July 1819.

My Lord, — I beg leave to acquaint Your Lordship that I have
granted leave of absence for the term of three months to the

Records of the Cape Colony, 273

Reverend Mr, Hough, Colonial Chaplain, to return to Europe on
his private affairs.

I have directed Mr. Hough to report himself to your Lordship
on his arrival in England, and to apply to you for any further
extension of leave, and I have furnished him with the certificate
required by your Lordship's Dispatch No. 9, dated 21st April
1818. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. John Centlivres Chase to Earl Bathurst.

21 GiLTSPUB Stbebt, West Shithfibld, 7!dih JtUy 1819.

My Lord, — ^Desirous along with a few Individuals to avail
myself of the proposal of His Majesty's Ministers to emigrate to
the Cape of Good Hope, under the regulations and restrictions
specified in the official Circular, I take the liberty of requesting
of your Lordship such information to enable me to decide upon
the prudence of that important step, which I am at a loss to
do with that document only before me. I have consequently
obtruded a few queries upon your Lordship's notice, which I beg
your Lordship's patience to answer, and pardon if there is any
informality in my request as to its nature or the medium chosen
to transmit it to you. My Lord, I remain &c.

(Signed) John Centlivres Chase.

[Original.]

Letter from Mr. Thomas Price Adams to
Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

32 Tbinitt Square, Toweb, July 9} a 1819.

Sir, — On perusing the conditions under which it is proposed to
give encouragement to emigration to the Cape of Good Hdpe, I
am led to conclude that Government does not intend to
recommend any particular plan to the persons connecting them.-

xn. T

'274 Recoi'ds of the Cape Colony,

selves together for the purpose of emigrating, or to the Parishes
that may induce their poor to emigrate ; but leave it entirely to
them to make their own arrangements. I have in consequence
drawn up the enclosed Prospectus, which I take the liberty to
hand you. Copies I have sent to the Mayors and Corporations
where the poor appear to be a source of trouble, and hope my
humble efforts may be the means of relieving both parties of their
present sufferings.

I have been several years resident in Lisbon and Madeira as a
general Merchant, have attended the planting of vines and been a
considerable dealer in wine, as well as had the management of it
from the period of the grapes being pressed. I have offered my
services as an Overseer, should my plan be approved, desirous of
becoming one of the emigrants, and flattering myself that my
general knowledge as well as experience may be of use to myself
and those concerned with me. I have &c.

(Signed) Thomas Price Adams.

[Enclosure.]

Prospectus of a Plan for relieving the Parishes of the Poor that
are capable of work, as well as to ensure to the Poor the means of
supporting themselves, and with prudence to become in seven
years, or perhaps a less time, honourable independent men, leaving
at their death a Provision for their Wives and Children.

I Propose that the Parish or Parishes shall take of Government
as many hundred Acres of Land as there are families disposed to
emigrate.

That the Parish or Parishes shall remit to the Government of
the Cape, or their Overseers, Funds for the support of these Poor
for seven years, or until the lands are sufficiently cultivated to
support them, and shall have produced a fund for their future
cultivation.

The Poor emigrating must give Bonds to co-operate in the
cultivation of these lands for seven years — in consideration of
which, and their having a certificate of their good conduct during
the seven years the Parish or Parishes shall grant to each man eighty
Acres of Land and a Hut or Cottage, both of which Land and
Hut or Cottage shall he theirs for ever, provided they forfeit nofc

Hecords of the Cape Colony. 275

their Bond or engageraeut with the Parish or Parishes during
their servitude.

All persons emigrating shall be subject to Overseers appointed
by the Parish or Parishes, who shall direct the Tillage or cultiva-
tion of the lands, the produce of which, or proceeds, shall be in the
hands of the Overseers for seven years, or till the lands are
suflBciently cultivated : after which period, the produce or proceeds
to be divided in equal proportions, to the Parish and individuals
according to the number of Acres ; that is to say, in the propor-
tion of one-fifth to the Parish, and four-fifths to each family or
individual.

The Emigrants to work together upon the lands to commence
trom East to West, or from North to South, as weather or
circumstances may require — no undue partiality to be shewn to
any particular land.

In seven years, or as soon as the lands are sufficiently cultivated,
the contract between the Parish and the Emigrant is to cease;
the Bond to be cancelled, and the Parish to remain with a fair
proportion of one-fifth of the land, and each Emigrant with his
four-fifths of the same as granted by Gpvernment, say one
hundred Acres to each family. During the seven years, or the
period of this contract, the Emigrants are to be supported out of
the Funds remitted from the Parish to the Cape.

The Parish or Parishes to send out Tents (unless they can
borrow them from Government) Clothing, Agricultural implements,
Tools, and Ironmongery, at their own expense, to be equally
divided at the end of the term with the land.

Each Family to have their Hut or Cottage as soon as it can be
built by the joint efforts of the Emigrants, surrounded by one Acre
of land deducted from the eighty Acres.

Provisions and Wine to be measured out to each family
according to the number of persons, in the same proportion as is
allowed soldiers and their families on foreign service.

All persons committing any depredations, or refusing to work,
must be tried by a Committee of Overseers and respectable persons,
and on being found guilty of the offence, the Bond to be in force,
their Cottage and Land to be taken from them and themselves
turned off the Estate.

The Emigrants with consent of the Government to be enrolled
as Militia Men, and supplied with Eifles, &c., for the defence of

T 2

276 Records of the Cape Colony.

the Property, as well as to enable them as occasion may require to
hunt for food. In case of the Estate being near a Eiver, Nets, &c.,
to be provided at the expense of the Parish.

By this or some similar plan, the Parish or Parishes might in
seven years be relieved of a serious burthen, and in possession of
an Estate of considerable extent and value; many hundreds of
Poor People now wandering about distressed, discontented, a
burthen to themselves, their Country, their Parishes, might be
made happy in the enjoyment of the requisites of life, and a
heavenly climate in which to spend their days.

The same plan might answer to an opulent Individual whose
estate is surcharged with Poor.

(Signed) T. P. Adams.

17, Queen Street, Edgware Boad,
and 32 Trinity Square,

[Original.]
Zetter from Mr. Edward Damant to Henry GtOULBURN, Esqrk

Faeenhah, Nobfolk, l$l August 1819.

Sir, — I have the honor to inform you that in consequence of
the encouragement promised to persons emigrating to the Cape of
Good Hope, I have engaged twenty labourers of different descrip-
tions with their families to proceed with me to that Coloby, and
as it is the particular wish both of myself and these people that
we set off as soon as we can after Harvest, I should feel obliged
by their Lordships allotting us to the first vessel appointed to
proceed to that place.

Having relations who have long been settled in the interior of
the Colony and who have pointed out the great necessity of
improvement in the breed of cattle, it is my intention to take out
with me some for that purpose, and hope your Lordship will be
pleased to grant a passage for them together with the most
approved agricultural implements now used in this Country.

Trusting that I shall be favoured with an early answer,

I have &c.
(Signed) Edw- Damaxt.

Becords of the Cape Colony* 277

[Original.]
Letter from Captain George Pigot to Eael Bathurst.

Nbwbubt, Berks, August Iti 1819.

My Lord, — As it is my wish to embark some property in the
cultivation of an Estate at the Cape of Good Hope, I beg to oflTer
myself for your consideration, to undertake the charge of a body
of emigrants desirous of settling there. From my habits and rank
in life, (having been in the army thirty years, during which time
I had an opportunity of informing myself of the dififerent systems
of agriculture in various climates, and from my having been a
practical farmer fifteen years, in Staffordshire and Berkshire), I
feel myself qualified to undertake the enterprise, as well as to
render myself useful to government, in any way they may think
fit to employ me. I do not mention this with a view of emolu-
ments, salary is no object, but I am aware a person of education
would feel very awkwardly situated as an emigrant without some
authority under government.

Should my first proposition meet your approbation, you will
oblige me by a communication, and should you be able to place
me in any situation where I may render myself useful, and at the
same time respected by the settlers, you will very much oblige

Your most &c.
(Signed) Geo. Pigot.

N.B. Not having the honor of being known to your Lordship,
I beg to refer to the members of the counties of Stafford and
Berks, or should there be any security required on my part I can
procure it.

278

Records of tlu Cape Colony,

[Copy.]

Betum of Troops on the Frontier on the Ist of Atigvst 1819.

Oorpt.

SergMiitB.

DnuDiMrs
or Buglers.

BAnkaiid

FUe.

Total.

Boyal Artillery . . . .

••

Boyal Engineera .

• •

••

38th Regiment

326

348

54th Begiment

241

255

72nd Begiment

373

394

Koyal African Corps

569

612

Cape Corps Cavalry

Cape Corps Infantry «

k •

157

170

1896

(Signed) A. A. O'Eeilly, Brigade Major.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from LoRD Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, Gth Augutt 1819.

My Lord, — The Prince Eegent's Government have received
information that on the 8th of Februaiy last Captain Hume of
H.M. Ship Redwing had fallen in with the French Schooner the
Sylphe laden with slaves near Cape de Verde Islands, and that
deeming himself justified in detaining the vessel he had sent her
into Sierra Leone. It further appears that after landing the slaves
there, he had determined to send the vessel to the Cape of
Good Hope for adjudication in His Majesty's Court of Vice
Admiralty there.

I have received The Prince Eegent's Commands to signify to
your Lordship his Pleasure that upon the Arrival of the Vessel in
question within the limits of your Government you should take
immediate measures for conveying her together with her crew and

Rmyrds of the Cape Colony. 279'

such effects as she may have on board, to the nearest French Port,
in order that on her arrival there she may be delivered over to the
French Authorities together with such proofs as may be necessary
to enable them to proceed against the parties who may be charged
with having violated the laws of their Country.

If the Sylphe should actually have arrived at the Cape of Good
Hope, and if Proceedings should have been instituted against
her, you will immediately stay them by Command of the Prince
Kegent, and you will concert with the Naval Ofl&cer commanding
on the Cape station the best means for conveying the Vessel to
France in the mode which I have pointed out to your Lordship.

I have &c.

(Signed) Bathukst.

[From the Times of August 10th 1819.]

A meeting was recently held at Leeds, composed of merchants
and others, " to take into consideration the propriety of affording
to 120 croppers and their families, amounting to about 500 persons,
the means of emigrating to America." The meeting is said to
have been held at the earnest request of the workmen themselves.
After some deliberation, as we are told, the meeting resolved, that
it would not be advisable just at present, to subscribe for the
intended purpose ; but that if no material improvement should
take place in trade before the next spring, the matter should then
be reconsidered, and a subscription, if approved of, set on foot, to
enable such poor labourers as might be so disposed, to emigrate to
our Canadian provinces.

It is probable, from the above statement, that the general opinion
of the parties interested is in favour of an advance of prices;
otherwise it must appear strange, that the speediest alleviation
of sufferings which are on all sides so severely felt, was not
resorted to by the Leeds merchants, instead of one which leaves
the workman to struggle with fresh miseries through the winter
months, except there be a moral certainty that some intermediate
source of relief may be opened for him in the foreign market, or
in the rate of wages at home. But why Canada should at this
time of day be contemplated as a - chosen asylum for British

280 Records of the Cape Colony.

emigrants, we have still to learn. It would be foolish to enter
upon an estimate of the advantages and discouragements presented
by British North Amerioa, as compared with those to be fouod
near the Cape of Good Hope, because the principles of that com-
parison must be already familiar to the public. But if any one be
inclined to consider the late irruption of the Gaffire hordes as an
argument against the preference due to the Cape, let him reflect^
1st, how certain is the immediate overthrow of that feeble enemy,
and how manifestly it is within the means of the Government of
Great Britain to repress and then conciliate an uncivilized people,
whose character is for the most part as inoffensive as their powers
of annoyance are unworthy of serious notice. 2. What danger
can at any time be apprehended at the Cape, to which the
occupiers of Upper Canada are not exposed with much greater
frequency and to a tenfold extent. Are not the Canadas always
open to an invasion from the United States? an invasion, not
likely to be repelled with so much ease, nor to be accompanied by
less outrage and ruin to property than that which has been
attempted by our naked neighbours on the bank of the Fish
river. If the emigrants to Africa be made liable to the militia
service for the defence of their homes and families, so are British
subjects in all the colonies of this empire, (that, we believe, of
Botany Bay excepted,) and more especially in Upper Canada,
where they are actively engaged, and have oftentimes been roughly
handled, whenever an enemy appears. Since our minds have long
been made up as to the necessity of employing emigration for one,
perhaps the principal, among the means of regular and lasting
provision for the surplus inhabitants of these islands, it becomes us
to urge with the greater earnestness the selection of a scene the
most desirable of all others, and of a plan of emigration the most
vigorous and effective that can be adopted by a state. Approving
highly the choice of Government, so far as concerns the seat of the
new colony ; and not observing in this preliminary stage of the
measure, that the regulations proposed for carrying it into
execution are deficient in the necessary foresight, we nevertheless
see reason to lament that it was not brought forward by Ministers
at an earlier period, and that it has not been undertaken on a
larger scale. Jealous although the country ought to be of the
grant of large sums of the public ti'easure, there are circumstances
in the affairs of nations, as well as individuals, which make a

Records of the Cape Colony. 281

liberal expenditure for an important object the wisest system of
economy. This, then, ought to be regarded as the first of all great
objects ; for it is, in fact, enlarging the productive surface of the
kingdom, bringing into cultivation an immense extent of hitherto
barren territory, and reinforcing the soil of England by another
soil far more than equal to her own in extent, and beyond all
calculation excelling hers in fertility. We know not of any
plainer terms in which to express the benefits derivable from the
execution of this new scheme of emigration. There are some who
may answer us by asking a favourite question: Would you
banish the people of England to a colony, while there is unculti-
vated land at home? This admits a variety of answers : 1. None
leave the country, who are not willing, nay, anxious to depart,
because they cannot obtain food in England ; and where is the
cruelty in showing a hungry man where he may find his dinner ? »
2. If it be merely a disputable matter whether England can feed
her inhabitants or not, the nation is surely benefitted by a policy
which puts the acquisition of food in abundance beyond all future
question. But to us, we acknowledge, the point does not seem
open to dispute. The vast increase of population which has grown
up throughout the kingdom within the last 30 years, appears to us
(perhaps we are mistaken) to have been produced by artificial
causes, and to have been supported principally by artificial means.
The demands of war and of commercial monopoly multiplied our
stock of inhabitants ; and this extra stock was chiefly subsisted,
not upon the produce of the soil of England, but one year with
another upon the produce of other countries, which we imported
in return for British manufactured goods. If our view be correct
(and if an error, it is an honest one,) we require a continuance of
the monopoly, as a continued fountain of subsistence to the yet
overflowing people ; or we must have a substitute for the foreign
com supplied to us out of that monopoly, by sending away the
surplus mouths to feed themselves where they best can find
subsistence. Here, again, we are met by the statement that our
manufactures have not diminished. Why, then, are not the returns
for them as abundant as before ? The answer is, either that we
have for two or three years past traded at a smaller profit, or that
the workman has not obtained the due proportion of that profit ;
and both we believe to be the case. That the master manufacturer
has gained less than during the war, and that he has endeavoured

282 Records of the Cape Colony.

to reimburse himself at the expense of his labourers, we have

already offered reasons for asserting ; but this will not account for

the whole mischief : the grand question haunts us at every turn

— how are the people to he fed ? We have heard it afl&rmed from

day to day, that the waste lands of Great Britain, if brought into

culture, would furnish food to every man who inhabits it : where

is the proof of this ? It is still a doubt with enlightened reasoners,

that every acre which would repay the cost of tillage must of

necessity have been cultivated ere now — in a country where the

whole community are struggling how to turn their money to most

advantage — ^in a country, every yard of which has been the subject

of inspection and of speculation, with men of agricultural capital,

for a series of years — with men who have seen on every side of

them immense cargoes imported of foreign corn ? What stronger

evidence can exist of a perpetual demand for corn than a

perpetual importation of it ? What stronger incitement to tiU the

soil than the laws which give the English farmer a monopoly of

the wheat market, until the prices are such as to make bread

unattainable to one half of the labourers who produce it ? With

respect to this problematical produce of waste lands, it is our

conscientious opinion, that too many of them have been enclosed

already. There is no question, that the sum-total of 'the produce

of the soil may have been augmented by the numberless bills of

enclosure ; more corn may have been brought to the great central

markets ; but the moral arithmetic is all on the other side. The

lower orders have been deeply injured by this practice ; they have

lost a useful and precious body of privileges. From the scenes of

their manly sport and enjoyment they have been driven to the

brutalizing ale-house; their cows, pigs, poultry, have vanished.

Thrown into parks and fields, therefore, although the common has

produced wheat instead of grass, the modes and uses of its fertility

have been impaired in the altered character and corrupted morals

of the neighbouring population. Another vice of a kindred nature

has crept into our economical system. The great landholder will

have nothing &mall within reach of him : the inexorable doctrine

that large capitals are the most profitable in their application has

destroyed the whole race of little farmers ; and stripped even the

peasant of his little rood of garden ground. This is dreadful — it

has not injured our peasantry, it has extinguished them. ^ The town

character — the manufacturing character, haa usurped upon everjf

Records of the Cape Colony^ 283

other; the pride and beauty of the rustic race is gone. The
population, the revenue, the poor-rates, the calendars have swelled
beyond example; and we have realized what our fathers would
have considered the most egregious paradox in human afifairs — for
instead of the increased numbers of the people of England
constituting the boast and happiness of their country, we are
every hour reminded that our burdens and anxieties are in direct
proportion to the magnitude of the mass which bears them. This
is not a natural state of things ; and the wisest men in the empire
admit, that a prompt, vigorous, and skilful remedy, is as indis-
pensable as it is diflBcult of suggestion. One branch of the subject
of our present embarrassments has slipped through our hands
WTETOticed — the manufacturing wages : we must return to it at
some future day.

[Original.]

Letter from Messrs. Bailie and others to
Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

Committee Room, Globe Tavebn, Fleet Street,

11th August 1819.

Sir, — ^We have the honour to acquaint ypu that at a meeting
which took place at the Crown and Anchor on the 9th Inst ; we
were selected to form a Committee for the purpose of collecting
and distributing such information on the subject of the projected
colonization to the Cape of Good Hope, as might tend generally to
satisfy the minds of those persons who are eager to avail them-
selves of the benevolent intentions of Government.

To be enabled to fulfil the trust reposed in us, we shall be
under the necessity of troubling you with queries. It will be our
duty to intrude as little as possible on your valuable time.

In order to facilitate our labours, we request you will do us the
favor to transmit to us a series of those circulars which have
been issued from the Colonial Department relative to this
Colonization.

We take the liberty of submitting to you that, from the
confidence which has been placed in us by a very numerous and
respectable meeting which no one of us was instrumental in
calling together, we may be the means of relieving your Pepart-

284 Records of the Cape Colony*

ment from a very laborious and irksome duty by acting as a
medium between you and the persons in this metropolis desirous
of information.

It is unnecessary at present to obtrude farther on your attention,
we shall therefore conclude by bespeaking your future kind con-
sideration of any enquiries which we may feel it necessary to
make and which may not be satisfactorily answered by the
documents for which we have applied. We have &c.

(Signed) John Bailie,

Danl. Bakick, M.D.^
Jno. Fdrk. Elliott,
John Mandy,
John Beacull.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. John Bailie to Earl Bathurst.

7 Manchbsteb Buildings, Wb8tmin8Teb, \lth August 1819.

My Lord, — I have the honour to beg your Lordship's attention
to a numerous class of individuals, who generally do not possess
the means of complying with the Cii'cular issued by your Lord-
ship, by taking upon themselves the charge and maintenance of
ten or more people, but whose capital, though in many instances
small, is quite adequate to insure to His Majesty's Grovernment
the certainty of their not becoming a burthen to the Colony at the
Cape of Good Hope.

Erom a mass of about six hundred persons of the above descrip-
tion who have applied to me, I have been careful in selecting
such only whose general character was good, whose habits were
likely to render them useful in an infant Colony, and whose
Capital was such as to guard against the possibility of their
families, in the event of the heads dying, becoming a charge upon
the Colonists.

The compact we have made, binding us to a certain period of
mutual assistance, the mass of mechanical skill and industry, as
well as knowledge of agriculture, centered in our body, hold out
to us, individually, hopes of speedy comfort, and collectively, an

Records of the Cape Colony. 285

early prospect of promoting the prosperity of our native Country,
which will ever be the object dearest to an Englishman.

We are 115 men, our collective number in family is 390, and
the aggregate amount of our Capital as near as can be ascertained
is £18,610.

I hope your Lordship will favourably consider the proposal I
have the honour to submit to be allowed to colonize at the Cape
of Good Hope in whatever district His Majesty's Government may
have selected, under the advantages held out in the different
Official Circulars.

Should this proposal have the good fortune to be approved by
your Lordship, 1 would beg to be favoured, with as early an
answer as may be convenient, that we may be enabled to com-
mence our preparations with as little delay as possible.

I have &c.

(Signed) John Bailie.

[Original.]
Letter from Mb. Joseph Dell and others to Earl Bathurst.

101 Long Alley, Sun Stbebt, Bibhofboatib, Augua 12, 1819.

SiK^ — Having Eeceived from Your oflBce the circular Letter and
much approve of your Proposals and Have ten family's Eeady to
Deposit the sum requierd But should bo Glad to know how we are
to obtain the Necessaries such as Impliments for use or how to
Gain Provisions when Government shall Cease their allowance
Next if "We are supply'd 'with arms to defend ourselves from the
natives by Government And Plants or seeds or what is requierd
for the Climate Next "Wether the Director which we Nominate is
over us When we Land or Wether Every man Is free And You
Much Oblige Your Serevant Humble Pettioners.

N B please to Direct as Before to

Joseph Dell.

286 Records of the Ca'pe Colony,

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. Chakles Caldecott to Earl Bathurst.

13 Gbeat Smith Stbxet, Westminstbb, 13^^ August 1819.

My Lord, — In consequence of the declared intention of Govern-
ment to colonize the Cape of Good Hope, I beg leave to submit to
your Lordship the following Statement. I have been liberally
educated and brought up to the profession of a Surgeon. I was
a pupil of the late Sir Charles Blickes, and pursued my anatomical
studies under the instruction of Mr. Abernethy; I passed the
Eoyal College 14 years ago, and have been in practice in Town
for nearly four years, and can produce testimonials of my abilities
and character I conceive everyways satisfactory thro' the medium
of the most respectable references. But having a family of six
children, and my means being slender when I first commenced
practice in the Hampstead Eoad, I was unsuccessful in placing to
myself such a practice as I had the most flattering expectation I
should have done, and which I most assuredly should have
accomplished if I could have remained in the same neighbourhood.

But failing thro' want of means, my family has had to endure,
for these last six months, the most severe privations, and my
situation at this time is truly distressing; under these circum-
stances I have ventured to solicit your Lordship kindly to afford
me your sanction in emigrating to the Cape of Good Hope, as I
am informed the whole of the patronage rests exclusively with
Your Lordship. I doubt not, was your Lordship fully apprized of
the whole of my case. Your Lordship would most certainly take it
into consideration; but lest I should be tedious, I beg leave to
refer you to the Eight Hon. N. Vansittart, who is in full possession
of the same, with whom I have of late corresponded on different
subjects, and from whom I received the enclosed note yesterday
morning. I am well known to Mr. Blair, of Great Eussell Street,
surgeon, and who I have no doubt would feel a pleasure in recom-
mending me to your Lordship's notice. Waiting your Lordship's
pleasure, I have &c.

(Signed) Chs. Caldecott.

Records of the Cape Colony. 287

[Original.]

Letter from T. P. Courtenay, Esqre., to Henry

GouLBURN, Esqre.

Gannon Bow, l%ih August 1819.

Sir, — I have on former occasions submitted to His Majesty's
Government the very strong representations which I have received
from the Government of the Cape of Good Hope, as well as from
individuals trading or connected with that Colony, of the great
importance of relaxing for a time in regard to the Cape some of
the restrictions of the Navigation and Colonial system. I am
induced by two recent occurrences to take this opportunity of again
soliciting Earl Bathurst's attention to this subject. The first of
these is the determination of His Majesty's Government to
encourage emigration from the United Kingdom to the Cape, an
experiment the success of which must greatly depend upon the
enlargement of the trade as well as of the cultivation of the
Colony.

These objects and the general prosperity of the Settlement
would be materially forwarded by the establishment of the Cape
as an entrepot between the countries to the Eastward and those
parts of foreign Europe and America to which British ships cannot
legally resort, and of which we cannot force the supply through
the United Kingdom. No new privileges given to the trade in
British vessels between the Cape and foreign countries would of
themselves lead to the supply of those countries with Eastern
products, through that or any other British possession in British
vessels. Considerable privileges of this nature now actually exist,
but they are rendered unavailing by the regulations of other
Countries which will not give facilities to relaxations on our part
calculated solely for our benefit. We cannot at once maintain in
our Colony a restrictive policy with regard to navigation and an
enlarged system of commercial intercourse.

This remark, generally true, is doubtless peculiarly applicable
to the Cape considered as an entrepot, inasmuch as the merchandise
of which it is proposed to permit the exportation from the Cape
in foreign vessels may now, under our own laws, be carried at
once from the place of its production by foreigners in their own
vessels to their respective countries. This case therefore is entirely

288 Records of the Cape Colony,

unaffected by any of the general reasonings upon which Great
Britain has confined the exportation of the produce of her foreign
possessions to her own ships.

It is the opinion indeed of many intelligent persons acquainted
with the course of the foreign trade with India, that many vessels
which are now obliged to go to India would, if there were a depot
for Indian goods at the Cape, end their voyage there, a result
which, if the increase of foreign vessels in the Indian seas be
justly a source of apprehension, it would doubtless be very
desirable to effect.

With respect also to her own very limited produce, as the Cape
has not the protection against the competition of foreign produce
which other Colonies enjoy, there appears no reason for subjecting
her to the ordinary Colonial restrictions.

The other consideration by which I am induced to press this
subject upon Lord Bathurst's attention at present is the issue of
the Order of the Prince Begent in Council of the 25th May last,
whereby great privileges with respect to its intercourse with
foreign nations, in foreign as well as in British vessels, were given
to the Island of Mauritius.

I will venture to submit with great deference that nothing in
the situation of the Mauritius appears either to justify or require
a departure from our Colonial system which would not lead to a
similar departure as to the Cape, while it might reasonably be
alleged that one of the dangers in which monopolies of Colonial
intercourse are supposed to have originated is to be apprehended
in the very recently French Colony of the Mauritius much more
forcibly than at the Cape.

But it is not only as an example, or precedent, that the recent
extension of favor to the Mauritius justifies the claim of the Cape
to a similar indulgence. The enjoyment of that indulgence by
the Mauritius deprives the Cape of the advantage of free com-
petition, and tends to render nugatory, at least in regard to the
produce of the East, the less extensive privileges which have been
of late years conferred upon her.

Upon all these grounds I humbly submit to Lord Bathurst the
propriety of recommending to the Prince Begent in Council the
extension to the Cape of Good Hope of the provisions of the
Order in Council of the 25th May last, with respect as well to
the traf&c in British vessels with foreign countries as to the traffic

Records of the Cape Colony. 289

in foreign vessels with the countries to which they respectively
beloug. I have &c.

(Signed) Thos. P. Courtenay,
Agent for the Cape of Good Hope.

[Original.]

Letter from Messrs. Dyason and Hudson to

Earl Bathurst.

Bahsoatb, August 19th 1819.

My Lord, — Having determined after due consideration to
become candidates for a Grant of Land at the Cape of Good
Hope agreeable to your Lordship's oflBcial notice as approved
in the Public Newspapers, We, viz. Messrs. Isaac, Joseph, and
George Dyason, and Hougham Hudson, are desirous to obtain
a Grant of 2000 Acres of Land at the Cape, and for which
Grant shall be prepared to take out proper people and deposit
the sums as required per the official notice.

We can either conjointly, or separately, have the most satis-
factory references as to our capability, or as to our private and
public characters, not only from our resident Ministers and
Magistrates, the Deputy Mayor, and principal inhabitants, but
also from many gentlemen in public situations, if it is required.

Having obtained the grant, we propose to admit others of our
friends possessing the means, and to select husbandry men and
mechanics suitable to our views and purposes ; also having families
of our own, viz. Isaac Dyason, tin plate worker and brasier, 39
years of age, wife and 5 children, three of them stout lads from
8 to 16 years of age, and one used to cattle; Joseph Dyason,
master mariner, 36 years of age, one child, George Dyason, Wine
Merchant, 28 years of age, wife and two children.

Hougham Hudson, Grazier and farmer, 26 years of age, and wife.

We remain &c.

(Signed) Geo. Dyason,

Isaac Dyason,
Joseph Dyason,
Hougham Hudson.
xn. u

290 Records of the Cape Colony^

[Original.]

Letter from Lieutenant Valentine Griffith

to the Eeverend G. A. Evers, Magistrate

for the County of Mantgomery.

Newtown, August 19ih 1819.

Sir, — ^Wishing to avail myself of the encouragement given by
Government to emigrate to the Cape of Good Hope, I beg leave
to acquaint you that there are twenty able-bodied individuals
anxious to emigrate to the Gape of Good Hope, and that I am
willing to deposit ten pounds per man, agreeably to the Circular
of July 1819. I have therefore to request that you will have
the goodness to make such necessary application to the Bight
Hon'ble Earl Bathurst as may obtain for us the indulgence of
being permitted a free passage to such part of the Cape as is
intended to be colonized.

I have further to add that I have been engaged in practical
agriculture for these last two years, and possess for the purpose
of emigration the sum of one thousand pounds, and that I and the
twenty individuals are willing to conform to such regulations and
conditions as the Government may require. I am &c.

(Signed) Valentine Griffith,

1st Lieut. B. Marines, Half Fay.

[Original.]

Letter from Mr. Benjamin Osler to
Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

Falmouth, Augutt 19th 1819.

Sir, — I beg to acknowledge receipt of your esteemed favor
through A. Young, Esqre., the Worshipful Mayor of this Town,
with printed Circular relative to the terms on which indulgence
will be granted to those desirous of settling at the Cape. In
conformity thereto I engage to take with me ten able healthy
individuals above the age of eighteen, a proportion of whom ahall
be husbandmen possessing a general knowledge of agriculture;

Records of the Cape Colony, 291

also two children between the age of fourteen and eighteen, and
four below the age of fourteen, for the whole of whom I will advance
agreeably to the stipulation contained in the said Circular.

I beg leave to observe I have been a resident at Cadiz and
Gibraltar nearly seven years, have made voyages to Surrinam,
Trinidad, Marrarsham, Para, and dififerent ports in Portugal, Spain,
and Italy in commercial pursuits, am consequently familiar with
foreign habits and customs, and flatter myself will be found a
desirable settler in the new Colony.

Most respectfully soliciting an early consideration and reply,

I am &c.
(Signed) Benjamin Osler.

I do hereby certify that Benjamin Osier, the person writing the
foregoing proposal to emigrate to the Cape of Good Hope, is a
native of Falmouth and has always borne a good Character.

Witness my hand this 20 August 1819.

(Signed) Anprew Young, Mayor of Falmouth.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Gaps of Good Hope, 21«< Augutit 1819.

My Lord, — ^It is most painful to me to be under the neceslsity
of requesting Tour Lordship's sanction to any extra expence
thrown upon this Settlement, particularly in the present year,
in which resistance to the Kaffers must necessarily so greatly
encrease our burthens ; but I have the unpleasant task of reporting
to Your Lordship that the Government House at Newlands fell
down in the night of the 12th instant, fortunately my family being
in Cape Town, no lives were lost.

This untoward circumstance is attributed to the wet (from the
violence of the last and early part of the present winter) having
peneti^ated through the roof to the lower walls and foundation,
which appear to have been built in the Dutch time of inadequate
materials.

u 2

292 Records of the Cape Colony.

Were it consistent with the interests of the Grovemment property,
or were I only to weigh the privation of personal convenience
which a delay in rebuilding would cause, I should not hesitate
to postpone it until our funds were less pressed upon, and until
I should receive your Lordship's Sanction thereto, agreeably to
a clause in my Instructions from the Treasury, directing me not
to incur a greater Expence than £200 without previous authority
from Home; but finding from the reports I have received from
the persons employed to survey the remaining building, that great
loss will accrue from delaying to make use of the materials
immediately, I have decided upon taking advantage of the ensuing
favourable Season of the year for rebuilding it, and trust I shall
receive Your Lordship's approbation thereof.

Your Lordship may be assured that the utmost economy shall
be preserved, consistent with the purposes to which a Government
House must necessarily be applied and with ensuring a secure and
durable building.

By carefully selecting the materials from the ruins, I am happy
to say that I do not anticipate any very considerable expence,
though it is impossible at present to obtain any precise estimate
that can be relied on. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Heney Someeset.

[Original,]
Letter from Mb. Kalph Goddard to Earl Bathurst.

113 Wabdoub Street, Soho, London, 2A£k Augwt 1819.

Honoured Sir, — It is not but with some degree of feeling, the
result of mature consideration, that I am brought to sacrifice the
ties of patriotic friendship with my fellow contrymen; for the
unknown privileges of another part of the habitable globe. Had
I not been a venturer in life's uncertain lottery and from thence
drawn an excessive number of blanks which has reduced me most
to a state of penury and despair ; I should not emigrate to this
foreign clime, to revisit the much loved British isle no more. It's
necessity ; alas ! necessity, which inspires my pen ; and whioh
causes me to part with those endearing objects of my native

Becords of the Cape Colony, 293

home, ''to cross the trackless wave, and To burst the long
unbroken clods That turf the wasteland o'er."

The terms of emigration I am but partially acquainted with and
I would request to know whether I'm confined to any weight
of carriage as my calling is that of a joiner and house furnisher,
so that I might be enabled to carry some convenient tools with
me. I have a wife and one promising lad about 12 years of
age which compose the whole of my family. I further request
to know when, and where, the vessel will sail from ; and where
I am to enqidre for further information respecting my intended
emigration ; that I might dispose of the remainder of my goods
and to make preparations accordingly. I remain &c.

(Signed) Ealph Goddard.

[Oflfice Copy.]

Letter from Henky Goulburn, Esqre., to
Lord Charles Somerset.

London, 2Gth Augud 1819.

My Lord, — This letter will be delivered to your Lordship by
Messrs. Thomas Peterkin and John Carr.

Their Object in proceeding to the Cape of Good Hope is to
settle there, and I have received Earl Bathurst's directions to desire
that your Lordship will give the requisite orders that these persons
may receive a grant of land proportioned to the means which they
may possess of bringing it into cultivation. I have &c.

(Signed) Henry Goulburn.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. W. Currie to Earl Bathubst.

No. 8 Stockwell Stbkbt, Gbeenwioh, 29th August 1819,

My Lord, — ^Wishing to emigrate to the Cape of Good Hope
accompanied by from 10 to 14 persons of the description under-
mentioned, viz.

Lieut. Bisset, R. Navy, his wife and three children.

294 Records of the Cape Colony,

3 Carpenters,

1 Blacksmith (if I can procure one)

1 Cooper,

7 or 8 Ploughmen who are also qualified for agricultural services
in general.

If I succeed in engaging the men I have in view 2/3rds of them
are married with from 1 to 4 children each under 14 years.

Parents' ages from 20 to 38 years.

1 beg your Lordship will be pleased to allow me to proceed with
the persons of the aforesaid description, and forward me for my
guidance the Circular letters which have recently been issued, as
well as the memorandum relative to granting lands in that Colony,

I have &c.

(Signed) W. CuRRiE.

[Original.]

lietter from Mrs. H. Gosling to the Institution " The

Refuge of the Destitute."

Gentlemen, — Understanding that our late Housekeeper Mrs,
Clarence has forwarded a complaint to you some time since, which
has been made public, in justice to ourselves I feel obliged to
address you on the subject.

Unfortunately I know Mrs. Clarence to be an exceeding clever
woman remarkable for a plausible manner of speaking and writing
without the smallest regard to truth, and possessing withal a
perfect talent for every art and duplicity ; against such a character
it is impossible to be on our guard.

I can easily imagine that a letter from her may bear such a
colour of truth and profess such a strong interest for the happiness
of the boys as to cause in you an unfavourable impression towards
us. At the same time I cannot help observing that before such a
respectable body of gentlemen give implicit credit to one party's
tale, however plausibly told, they ought in justice to those accused
to cause a very strict enquiry to be instituted. It frequently
happens that stewards and servants whose schemes having failed
from a want of honesty (thwarted and disappointed at the time)

Records of the Cape Colony, 295

endeavour to exonerate themselves by accnsing their employers ;
relying^ upon the distance from England preventing a discovery of
the real truth. We must in justice to ourselves and friends by
whom we are established here, act to the best of our judgments
and do what we conceive to be right without allowing the un-
founded reports of others to influence our conduct.

The letter alluded to having made a very strong impression on
the minds of some of the gentlemen of the Institution they may
very possibly at some future period bring forward before the
House the cruelty and oppression their little Colony at the Cape
have experienced. It is but fair they should previously attend to
our statement.

The Government of this Colony are not likely to permit the
slightest injustice towards apprentices whose complaints can at all
times be heard. Anyone who knows me can I am sure vouch for
my kindness to those placed under my care. I have been brought
up to consider the most menial servant as worthy attention. Mr.
Darly and Mrs. Clarence's brother in law (the latter a farmer on
Mr. Gosling's late estate in Herts) have both known Mr. Gk)sling
from an infant, and I believe they never considered cruelty 9S a
feature in his character. Were it not for old age Mr. Gosling's
man servant would have followed us hence.

Some time since on the discovery of Mrs. Clarence's conduct
Mr. Gosling applied to his Excellency the Governor and to Col.
Bird requesting they would cause an investigation to be made into
the treatment of his apprentices, which was accordingly done, and
proving satisfactory the boys were summoned before the drostdy
and severely reprimanded. He Law reports will also prove their
having been sentenced to punishment for ill treating a Hottentot
in our employ by laying in wait for him in a body and severely
beating him ; (this man's fault was causing them to be discovered
at cards in the fields). The punishment at the request of Mr.
Gosling was not put into execution, the boys promising to behave
better for the future.

I will not apologize for entering most minutely into every
particular, but as far as I am able state the Clarence views and
our conduct.

When Mr. Oosling wrote to his friend Mr. Darly for a bailifif
and his wife he fully thought that I was on my voyage to the
Cape : consequently I was ignorant of the plan till just before the

296 Records of the Cape Colony.

Clarences sailed. Mr. Gosling most particularly stated to Mr.
Darly his wish for a farming housekeeper and he mentioned a
woman whom they both knew and who was not above cleaning
out the butter pans, &c. Mr. Darly I know fully explained our
situation here, the farm is quite in an infantine state, and the
Clarences were not led to expect half the comforts they found.
She engaged to make herseK most useful, and Mr. Darly felt fully
persuaded he had sent us out a most valuable servant.

Before Mrs. Clarence sailed she found out that I had not lefi
England, and from what she heard respecting the health of my
little girl fancied that I might be detained perhaps for a consider-
able time. These ideas were not communicated to Mr. Darly,
and she left under the idea (from what she knew of Mr. Gosling's
former habits) that Mr. Gosling could never settle quietly on a
farm, but would be almost a resident in town, and that she and
her husband would in that case have the entire management of the
pursuit. After their arrival and so long as these ideas lasted
Clarence was very harsh with some of the boys. Kennedy once
complained of his having cut him on the head with an iron instru-
ment. I arrived soon afterwards, and to the great disappointment
of Mrs. Clarence after many significant enquiries we stated our
deteimination to make the farm our constant residence. She
urged every argument, such as the extreme dullness, my health,
&c., to prevent this plan, when finding all unavailing and that she
must descend in the eyes of the neighbouring Boors from the
important rank of sole directress to a mere housekeeper, and
besides all her plans of gain quite knocked out, she thought of
new contrivances, and to do her credit she followed them up with
infinite ability.

Mr. Gosling at the time he wrote to Mr. Darly for a farming
man and his wife, requested him also to procure him twelve
apprentices. They were procured, and according to Mr. Darly's
letters particularly mentioning the number as twelve, Mr. Gosling
paid the Captain the passage money for that number, and also got
the permission of Government for his twelve apprentices to remain
in the Colony. It was not until Mr. Gosling accidentally found
the indentures on Mrs. Clarence's table that he could by any means
procure them, he had frequently enquired for them, but some
excuse was always ready for not producing them just at that time.
On counting them over he could only make out eleven, and on

Records of the Cape Colony. 297

asking for the twelfth Mrs. Clarence said that he was indentured
to them (this was Bichd. Harper). She had frequently hinted
" that the boys thought they were all indentured to them " and
observed at this time that the Institution had wished it so, only
Mr. Darly said he was not authorized to allow it. Mr. Gosling
remarked It was a strange idea to suppose that he would run aU
the risk of the boys' passage money and expences out, and after-
wards to maintain their servants. And there only remained in
the present case two things for Mr. and Mrs. Clarence to make
a choice of, namely to assign Eichd. Harper over according to
Mr. Darly^s letter and arrangement in England, or to leave his
service immediately. Their plans not being sufficiently matured,
they chose the former. Some time after when we had taught the
boy to be useful and they were leaving our situation they claimed
him as their apprentice. Not denying their signature to the paper,
but grounding their claim on the document being deficient of the
signature of a witness having also signed it ; the paper particularly
says "according to Mr. Darl/s letter and arrangements in
England." We are now only waiting letters from that gentleman
in answer to ours, and if they say that he was aware of Mrs.
Clarence's act but had forgotten to mention it, Mr. Gosling does
not intend to dispute the point.

In consequence of Mr. Darl/s letter, Mr. Gosling gave up the
management of the boys a good deal to Mrs. Clarence, he allowed
her to furnish them with everything they required.

Bread was found flung in the com, some boys (6 at a time) were
discovered drunk in the road, others at the fishery, pewter plate
melted down, many articles stolen and supposed to be sold.
Several times in the middle of the night a party were found
gambling with six or eight candles burning in their sleeping
place.

Mr. Gosling thought it high time to put a stop to such waste,
and till their mess room was finished allowanced each boy to a lb.
and a ^ of &esh meat, 2 lbs. of bread, besides sugar for their herb
tea, vegetables, sometimes buttermilk and rice.

On the commencement of Mrs. Clarence's system of complaints
against the boys she represented at one period their having in a
body struck work during Mr. Gosling's absence. Mr. Gosling on
his return went to the Field Comet, the sub-magistrate of the
district, to know the steps he must take, when the Field Cornet

298 Records of the Cape Colony.

authorized him to punish them. Mrs. Clarence was most gequent
in her complaints, constantly urging the necessity of their being
attended to, adding that withoHt it she should be of no use. Mrs.
Clarence used to tell such stories of the boys, how true you gentle-
men must be the best judges of. Various were the crimes each
had committed. Ashford had forged an £800 draft on the Exeter
Bank and stolen a portmanteau from a coach. James was she
thought very bad ; she did not know what was Jones* crime but
she supposed something of the vilest nature, for a Mr. Bedford of
the Institution used to lecture him privately for hours together.
This, it must be allowed, was sufficient to alarm us very much, so
much so that Mr. Gosling woidd not allow me to remain at home
when business called him to towa, Ashford was twice caught
getting into our kitchen window assisted by Jones at twelve o'dlock
at night, and once our house was attempted to be set on fire.
After these acts Mr. Gosling determined to lock them into their
sleeping room at half past nine o'clock. It was an indignity they
could not brook, and after a promise from the head boys of future
good conduct was discontinued.

On my landing my health was so very indifiTerent as to prevent
my taking the management of my house. Whatever plans Mrs.
Clarence proposed I almost invariably assented to (excepting
having a Dutch master for her which she very much pressed and
even at a time when she was making application to Mr. Thorn,
the missionary, for the situation of teacher of the English language).
It happened that once the boys complained to me of the Blacks
having stolen their supper, and that Mrs. Clarence refused to give
them any. I ordered her to give them a fresh supper, which
extremely disconcerted her. She afterwards complained to Mr.
Gosling, saying in her very smooth manner "Mrs. Gosling was
extremely good natured, but she must say in this instance mis-
taken, and that if she interfered in that manner she would render
the boys extremely troublesome, for she, Mrs. C, knew what cheats
they all were." Thus for some time I was completely checked.
Mr. Gosling thought so highly of her he did not think it prudent
to interfere with her management too much. We at last found
that several indulgences were given as coming solely from herself^
but when it suited her plans to neglect them then it was by Mr.
Gosling's orders; just before she left James complained to me
"** he had worn his shirt for three weeks," knowing that I had given

Records of the Cape Colony. 299

out a sufficient number a short time before I called Mrs. Clarence
to the dinner table, and before all the boys questioned her as to
this neglect^ when she was obliged to confess herself to blame.

You will perhaps wonder why Mrs. Clarence acted thus; her
object evidently was to set the boys against their proper masters
and cause them to send their complaints to the Institution, and
by the comparison of her apparent kindness extol her own conduct
in the eyes of the gentlemen of the Institution and injure us as
much as possible. She might perhaps have other views which
from her conversations I think she had, namely that if the boys
could be taken from Mr. Gosling the gentlemen might transfer
them to her. She used frequently to say that if ever they (the
Clarences) set up farming on their own account she was sure that
through some relation who was in the Institution she could get
out boys free of cost, and she also said that many here might be
glad to get boys from the Institution through them, in which case
she should expect a premium.

Our house was once attempted to be set on fire by tinder mixed
with tar being placed on the thatch. A South Easter must have
burnt it to the ground. It was most providentially a calm night,
which saved it. The tinder was found by our Carpenter half
burnt. It was proved to be made of linen rag, a bit of the band
of Mrs. Clarence's gown was found amongst it. It came out in
the evidence at Stellen Bosch that Mrs. Clarence had the morning
before the fire been mending her own clothes and some of Mr.
Gosling's linen, the odd ends she gave to Henry Jones who was
heard to remark " it will make good tinder." Jones gave some to
the cook, further it could not be traced. Mr. and Mrs. Clarence's
evidence say that the former was most active in assisting to put
out the flames. The other persons on the contrary declare
Clarence never assisted in any way to extinguish the fire.
Nothing could be brought home to anyone. But certainly very
unpleasant surmises took possession of our minds. The Inden-
tures were known to be at the time in the house.

It is generally the custom in this Colony to allow the slaves
the Sundays to themselves. I believe it is optional with the
masters in most instances, we allowed it and whenever we em-
ployed any of them on that day we paid them. Last Summer
the corn ripened suddenly, and for two successive Sundays we
called on all our people to assist in getting it in before the

300 Records of the Cape Col<yiiy.

South Easters came on. No one was forced to work, some
did not.

One Sunday it was necessary that Cowley and Ashford should
attend the cattle, they refused unless pcdd. Mr. Gosling was
deterxnined not to be forced to do what had been granted as a mere
favor, he therefore laid the complaint before the Landdrost, and
the young gentlemen soon found that the option of paying rested
with the master. Attending the cattle does not prevent their
reading if so inclined. Before we could get an assistant cook I
used to make the boys take it by turns on a Sunday to keep up
the wood fire during the time their dinner was boiling, the well
inclined used to read in the books they brought with them during
the time, the others called it a hardship. Jones who was always
the most unruly refused to take his turn, nor did he attend
prayers, but chose to be at the fishery all the day. When he
came home to eat his dinner Mrs. Clarence made a most bitter
complaint to me, and I desired him to stay on the premises or I
would inform his master of his conduct, he gave me a most saucy
answer and again went out. When Mr. Gosling returned from
town I told him of this and the next day he pimished Jones, but
not more than he deserved. If Mrs. Clarence says true I believe
you geutlemen find amongst so many young boys such punish-
ments are sometimes necessary, and at our Public schools, Eton,
&c., it is also found necessary. No master can have his boys
under subjection unless such measures can be resorted to. Jones
worked as usual for three or four hours after he was punished, but
when it was ascertained that we were gone out for some hours he
was advised by Mrs. Clarence to set off for Cape Town, which he
did, and reached it in one day, a distance that would fatigue a
horse from the deepness of sands and burning heat of the sun.
Mrs. C. afterwards said Jones had always declared if ever he, was
touched he would run away. If she deemed corporal punishment
a hardship, why did she urge her complaint so often ? Mr. Gosling
knowing that he had the Field Cornet's authority for his conduct,
took no steps to prepare witnesses or make any defence, he only
returned from the country the day before he was called on to
appear at Stellen Bosch, whither he went, merely taking in his
pocket the written authority of the Field Comet as his justification.
Four of the apprentices were called by Jones, who leagued with
him were prepared with one story to carry him through and to

Records of the Cape Colony, 301

state as well the extreme ill treatment they had all experienced.
Not a single witness of character appeared to corroborate their
testimony.

It proves to be against the laws for a Master to punish his
apprentices, which Mr. Gosling was not at the time aware of, he
did not for a moment attempt to deny the circumstance. The
landdrost and heemraden first sentenced him to pay fifty Bds. (to
the Fiscal I believe), they then asked him if he was satisfied, and
on saying he was not, consulted again and sentenced him to pay
the forfeit of the Boy. Thus at first awarding one punishment
and afterwards changing it for the most severe. I believe a
notice for appeal must be made in twenty-four houi*s. Mr.
Gosling was advised not to appeal, as it would only incur such
an additional expence, he therefore in a moment of disgust deter-
mined to let the boy go without further trouble.

On a calmer consideration he thought the example might be
bad amongst the rest of the boys, and he afterwards memorialized
the Governor, and his Excellency was kind enough to give the
case some consideration^ but from the neglect of appeal said he
could not set the verdict aside. The business however was more
fully enquired into, and his Lordship directed that the boy should
be sent to England, thus far assisting us by frustrating the hopes
of those who might attempt to unsettle the other boys. Finding
Jones had so far succeeded, Mrs. Clarence before she was aware
of his Excellency's determination framed a complaint which was
signed by all the apprentices and forwarded to his Lordship. It
was this complaint that induced Mr. Gosling to request strict
enquiry might be instituted, which was accordingly done, and the
result was as already stated. One of our English servants was on
the occasion called up to the Drostdy and questioned very closely.

Mrs. Clarence's charity did not extend to the Blacks and the
Black Wretches (as she termed them) were not to enter her apart-
ments. An English boy was trained to wait at her table, &c., &c.
She considered the poor Blacks as nothing, and one of her com-
plaints against us '' is not treating the boys better than the Blacks,"
because we chuse to allow the Blacks some of the comforts of the
Whites, it is surely hard it should be mentioned to our prejudice.

Mrs. Clarence came to a farm in South Africa, she could not
expect to find it peopled with whites, nor could she expect to find
the comforts of England ; the latter are most expensive at the

302 Records of the Cape Colony.

Cape, and even in Cape Town go under the appellation of
luxuries. In the country they are scarcely to be obtained. Every
one in his line of life from the Grovemor to the lowest Englishman
must submit to many privations. It is universally allowed in
this Colony, and I believe in every other, and during the war on
the continent the same, that the lower class of English submit to
privations woi*se than the higher classes. The former no sooner
turn their back on their distresses in England than they become
so fine it is hardly possible to please them, and I begin to find
what everyone says is true: "That they are more plague than
profit." Mrs. Clarence notwithstanding the newness of our farm
and the unfinished state of the buildings had infinitely more
comforts for her line of life than I had for mine, tho' I was bom
in Portman Square to some of the luxuries of England and never
contemplated taking up my residence in South Africa.

When any shifts were to be made I invariably shared the
inconveniences, most frequently submitted wholly to them, and
I can with the strictest truth afiSrm that the comforts of our
people have been our first thought, so much so that our Mends
have often told us we should only make them idle. It was long
ere we could bring our minds to think so harshly of the Clarences,
not until repeatedly warned by some friends, not until proofs
were brought of their double dealing. On finding it absolutely
necessary to discharge them Mr. Gosling gave them three months'
wages, tho' no stipulation to that efifect was previously made.
After their conduct to us I never could advise my friends to
engage them, but I took no steps to prevent their obtaining
another situation, nor should I have written thus much if they
had not attacked us in so public a manner. I have mentioned
Mrs. Clarence particulaily, because she is the manager and
Clarence acts entirely as directed by her.

Since the boys have been with us, they have each had (besides
the new suit in which they landed) 4 pairs of trousers, 1 jacket,
3 shirts, a pair of shoes every six weeks, one black hat, one red
cap, neckcloths, and stockings. The 2 latter articles were lately
discontinued in consequence of frequently finding them in the
hedge. They are now only given to those who will wear them
and appear tidy on Sundays. When Mrs. Clarence came she had a
complete set of pewter plates, knives, forks, iron spoons, mugs, &c.
put under her care for the use of the boys. When she left our

Records of the Cape Colony* 30a

service very few of these remained ; a second set has since been
provided. The Mess House has been completed some months.
English men and boys sit down to a table three times every day.
A man is purposely appointed to see that every one has as much
as they can eat before they quit the table. The meals are com-
posed of fresh mutton, soup from about 18 lbs. of meat, herb tea
with sugar, sometimes buttermilk, vegetables, bread, and occasion-
ally fish for one meaL During the harvest they had wine, and
throughout the year it is given on Saturday nights. When one
meal is ended the table is washed down by the assistant cook
ready for the next. Clean linen is always allowed on Sundays,
and during the rainy season they have dry clothes whenever they
require them.

On New Year's Day Mr. Gosling gave the most steady of the
boys 3 RixdoUars each. I have sometimes employed Standback
out of the usual hours to make me reed baskets, for which I have
paid him a dollar when I could get them elsewhere for 4 skillings.
Any other of the boys whom I have employed out of the working
hours I have always paid them something, preferring paying a
high price for their work to giving them idle pocket money. Each
boy has as much garden as he chuses to cultivate, and if they
bring their vegetables to perfection I purpose buying them in
preference to keeping a kitchen garden. I have given them all
the seeds. The sleeping room is newly fitted up, and a person is
directed to clean it out every week.

We have prayers every Sunday, but find great difficulty in
collecting the boys, and not antil dinner was forbidden to those
who staid away from idleness did we accomplish it

Mr. Colebrook has sent us out several boys who are to be placed
as cottagers on his estates, provided they turn out steady. The
same encouragement was held out to the Institution boys a very few
months after they came, and had the Clarences shewn themselves
better disposed, they might in case our situation had not exactly
suited them, have been allowed to rent one of Mr. Colebrook's
smaller farms. This Mrs. Clarence found out when too late, and
I am confident she has often repented not having waited patiently
till the farm was completed before she began her plans and com-
plaints. There is I believe not another person who has the
inclination to assist young settlers or indeed the power that Mr.
Colebrook has, and I shall be truly glad if after a trial of their

304 Records of the Cape Colony,

steadiness here, we may be able to recommend some of the
Institution boys to his notice.

In concluding this very long letter, Gentlemen, I have only to
say that I sincerely hope you will not think me as vain of
eloquence or style of writing as Mrs. Clarence. I assure you I
would not for a moment attempt to vie with her, but I confess
myseK her inferior in that respect, for it must by every one be
allowed she possesses a great share of talent, and can relate her
own story remarkably well. My only object has been to tell you
uncontrovertible facts, with the strictest regard to truth, to remove
from your minds the unfavourable impression which Mrs.
Clarence's statement or the boys under her direction seems to
have made. You are at liberty to make what use you think
proper of this letter, and if it is referred to My Lord Charles
Somerset, or Col. Bird I am confident they can prove its veracity.
I do not despair but at some future period when our boys become
men that they will send a very different account of our conduct
towards them. At any rate I shall feel satisfied that we have
done more than our duty by the boys, and therefore shall not
allow untrue reports to vex me ; amongst such a number we must
expect ingratitude.

I am sorry to add that since writing this letter one of your boys
(Kennedy) has met with a sad accident A mule cart went over
his legs and the bone of one is broken. It has been set by a good
Navy Surgeon, the fracture is below the knee and I am in hopes
that time and a good constitution will completely restore the use
of it. He is a very fine lad and promised to be a most excellent
farmer. I have &p.

(Signed) H. GtOSLIng.

GUSTERON FaBM, HoTTENTOTS HOLLAND,

Cape of Good Hope, August 29th 1819.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. William Burgess to Earl Bathurst.

Battinglass, Ireland, September 2nd 1819.

My Lord, — On yesterday I had the honour of your favour
through the Hon'*"® Mr. Goulburn in reply to my letter of the

Records of Vie Cape Colony. 305

19tih Ult^. I apprehend that I did not make myself sufficiently
understood to your Lordship in that letter.

K I and the number of persons I have already mentioned
emigrate to the Cape of Good Hope, I will go out at my own
expence ; it is not poverty, but a matter of necessity, that compels
me to emigrate, as my conduct as a loyal man in opposing traitors
to my King and Country has created for me numerous enemies, so
that my life is in danger in my native land, and I prefer, on ac-
count of the climate, emigrating to British Africa in preference to
British America, and I beUeved that a person going out under the
circumstances I mention, and with a Capital, would experience an
encouragement from His Majesty's Government far more than the
emigrant that goes out a burthen and an expence to the State.
My family is numerous, and all the land I could expect according
to Mr. Goulbum's letter would be three hundred acres, that is one
hundred for myself and one hundred for each of my sons that are
eighteen, which would not be sufficient for my means of cultiva-
tion, I therefore would wish to purchase land as far as my means,
in the same way as lands are purchased in Canada. I will bring
out 14 persons : myself, the eldest, 43 years old, and the youngest
five years old. I therefore beg that your Lordship will be so
good as to order a further communication to be made to me on
this subject. I beg &c.

(Signed) Will. Burgess.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. Samuel Bennett to Earl Bathurst.

Betton mxab Shbewsbubt, September ^th 1819.

My Lord, — Seeing by the public papers much discussion and
various opinions respecting the intended new settlement at the
Cape, and amongst other things that an application had been
made to your Lordship to know what the country would produce,
what seeds and plants would be likely to succeed, and for general
advice upon those points. The papers state that your Lordship
declined answering such questions, referring the enquiries to
Agriculturists. Having been five years in that hemisphere, sent
out by his Excellency the Portuguese Ambassador the chevalier

xn. X

306 Records of the Cape Colony.

De Sousa Coutina, brother of the then Minister Don Bodrigo
Count Linhares, one of the best and greatest of men, and though
the object of my going out, namely, to superintend and improve
the great Estate of Santa Cruz belonging to the Prince Begent
(now king), was defeated by the death of that excellent nobleman,
yet I had a full opportunity of knowing by actual trial the success
of almost every European seed and plant. It is from this practical
knowledge that I am able to say no reference can be made with
safety to Agriculturists merely English.

Persons who have lived and made observations, and practically
too, in those climates, are the only persons who can be consulted
with safety, and if none such can be found, then awful and critical
indeed will be the situation of emigrants arriving there, destitute
of almost everything and even of habitations. Having been in
this situation, and trembling for others, I cannot forbear entreating
your Lordship's attention for a moment, it may prevent much
disappointment and much misery. It is stated that the ships are
to saU. in November, the very worst time they can sail, the people
will not be able to do anything for three or four months. January
and February are the hottest months, accompanied also with much
rain, which renders that season the most improper for people to
expose themselves to the weather, and the most unfit to be in the
woods without habitations. I left Portsmouth in February, and
arrived at Eio de Janeiro the first week in Jurie, the cold weather
was then coming on, August is the coldest month during the cold
months, namely, June, July, and August, it is also rfry, so much so
that the Portuguese have a proverb tempo defrio he tempo de secca,
the cold time is the dry time, and this is the proper time, and the
only proper time, for working people to arrive there ; during the
cold season the first preparations should be made ; plenty of } and
^ inch boards and plenty of Carpenters should accompany, or
rather precede, to erect temporary sheds and houses, whilst others
should be employed in clearing and preparing small lots of ground
to plant with such things as will soonest return sustenance to the
people ; but who can direct them ? not an English agricidturist I
can positively assure your Lordship. The ultimate object may be
corn and windy the former will take many months, and the latter
many years, four at least, before any considerable return can be
expected, wheat taken out from England will not do, they may
save themselves that expence and disappointment ; besides being

Becords of the Cape Colony. 307

consumed by the weevil on the voyage, what little escapes will,
when sown, come to little or nothing, it will spread on the ground
like grass, but will not rise up into ear as it does here. In Bio
Grande, the most southern part of the Brazils, wheat grows very
well, and it will grow in almost every part of the torrid Zone, but
it is a bearded red wheat and does not grow higher than English
barley. K a sufficient quantity of naturalized wheat is not to be
found at the Cape for seed, it should be procured from Buenos
Ayres. English barley grew pretty well, and gave small grain^
so did oats. Peas grow extremely well, but they must be stTick,
that is must have sticks for them to climb upon. Potatoes do
very well from English seedy but will not do to plant again.
Asparagus does extremely well, and will give abundantly with
good management the second year. The Sweed turnip does
extremely well The sweet potatoe is no doubt there already,
and is an excellent root, also the esculent yam. The beautiful
plant called Arrow root grows very well in Madeira^ and will no
doubt at the Cape. Of more immediate importance than these is
the India com, which is food for both man and animals, seed of
all the varieties should be ready to plant, little preparation is
necessary, and the return is quick, what barley, peas, and oats
are for animals in England, this article is, over all the warm
regions of the earth, and is also the substitute for bread to man,
80 that its importance is very great. There is however another
article equally if not of greater importance to a new settlement,
because it will be the first to return as food to the cultivator, and
this is what an English Agriculturist would not even dream of,
because it is never used as food in this country, though it is in
almost every other part of the world, I mean the different sorts
of what we call French-leans, and a great variety that climb or
run over sticks, these when ripe and dry are an excellent food.
Throughout the United States of N. America, they are a leading
article of food : in the Brazils not only the black people, but the
Portuguese eat them as freely as we do potatoes, they are on the
table of every English Merchant at Eio de Janeiro and Buenos
Ayres almost every day, the blacks prefer the black or Negro
bean. At Boston they soak a quart of white beans all night, and
next day bake them with a piece of fat pork, a most substantial
and savory dish, they have it regularly every Saturday. Now this
is the quickest of all possible things which the new settlers can

X 2

308 Records of the Cape Cdowg.

mise that will sustain life ; common vegetables, snch as radishes,
onions, carrots, cabbages, cucumbers, water melons, and a number
of other things will soon come round, but are not substantial
enough to depend upon. I do not like to trouble your Lordship
further at present, though I feel it to be an object of great moment
that the emigrants should be well advised, their habits will be
materially changed, neither the instruments they have been
accustomed to, nor the seeds, nor the season, will be the same. K
I can render them any assistance I shall be very happy to do it.
I am ready to come to town, or even to go out for a few years
with them, being professionally a surveyor I could take a part in
laying out the lands granted, and at the same time give advice
freely to everyone, the diflBculty would be over in two or three
years. I am also well acquainted with the culture and management
of the vine, having paid particular attention to it in Madeira, where
I had general access, and as I knew the language I could make the
best of it. I have no other motive in writing this letter, and
offering my service, than to promote good, and prevent eviL

I have &c.

(Signed) Samujkl Bsnnbtt.

[Original.]
Letter from SiE Henry Torrens to Henry Goulburn, Esqrb.

HoBSE GuABDS, lih September 1819.

Sir, — Altho' it is probable that the Secretary of State has
received from General Lord Charles Somerset an account of an
attack upon Graham's Town by a Kafifer Force, yet I have the
Commander in Chiefs Command to transmit, in original, for Lord
Bathurst's perusal, two dispatches from His Lordship, detailing
that occurrence. And His Eoyal Highness feels it incumbent
upon him to draw His Lordship's serious attention to the represen-
tations of Lord Charles upon the inadequacy of his Military Force,
and the necessity of a Eegiment of Cavalry being restored to The
Establishment of the Colony. I have &c.

(Signed) H. Tobrens.

Becorck of the Cape Colony. 309

[Original.]
Letter from Mb. Colin Campbell to Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

KnsTBAyr bt LocHGiLFHBADy 7ih September 1819.

Dear Sm, — ^The encouragement held out by Government to
Settlers who wish to emigrate to the Cape of Good Hope has
made a strong impression on the minds of several respectable
persons in this quarter^ and is keenly enquired into by the
lower classes, who are eager to engage in it, but they will never
do so unless they have some leaders under whose protection they
would wish to embark. These men from their industrious habits
are the fittest persons for establishing a colony in a distant
quarter, and not the discontented clamorous weavers who would
always be better within reach of the strong arm of Government
to check their irregular proceedings. As a number emigrated
from this quarter to British America (that are now very comfort-
able) when you acted as Government Agent the people look
up with great confidence to you for information respecting the
views of the ministry in peopling the Capa Under this
impression I take the liberty of addressing myself to you to
request that you may have the goodness to transmit to me such
information as may have come to your hands connected with this
business, for the people in the Highlands will place more confidence
in any explanation given by you than in all the Newspaper
information they would obtain for a twelvemonth. I have some
thoughts myself of leading a party of emigrants if suitable
encouragement should be given. My experience as an agriculturist
would I hope be of importance to myself and others at the Cape,
and my being in the Commission of the Peace and holding a
Captain's Commission in the local force of this country would I
think likewise be a recommendation, I therefore beg leave to
subjoin a few queries which I trust you will have the goodness to
obtain answers from the Foreign Office for my own and other

people's information. I am &c.

(Signed) Colin Campbell.

Queries.

Ist. What encouragement would Government be inclined to
give to a person heading a party of emigrants from the Highlands,

310 Records of the Cape Colony^

for tho' 100 acres is mentioned for each of the settlers, there is
nothing allotted for the person acting as their leader ?

2nd. Would Government dispose of Land near the Colony to a
person bringing out emigrants and possessed of some capital ? if so
at what rate per acre ?

3rd. At what distance is the proposed Colony to be established
from Cape Town, and what is the name of the spot selected for the
purpose ?

4th. As the present breed of sheep at the Cape are of the worst
description, would Government furnish an improved breed on
being paid the priTne cost, by the settlers, for wool it is probable
may in process of time form one of the staple articles of exportation
from the Colony ?

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, 10^^ September 1819.

My Lord, — I do myself the honor to transmit to your Lordship
a copy of a note from the Charge d' Affaires of Wurtemberg at this
Court requesting information respecting several individuals subjects
of his Sovereign, who are settled in the Colony under your
Lordship's Government; and I have to request that you will
transmit such information as you may have it in your power to
afford respecting the individuals in question. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to

T. P. COTJRTENAY, ESQRE.

Gafb of Good Hope, 13^ September 1819.

Sir, — I beg leave to transmit to you herewith a statement of
two cases, the one of Jack, slave of the widow Verge, and the other
of Hendrick, slave of G. Munnik, who absented themselves
without the knowledge of their respective Masters, the former in
the year 1806 and the latter in 1811 ; both returned to this place

Records of the Cape Colony, 311

after having spent some tiipe in His Majesty's Naval Service and
in England ; together with copies of the proceedings had in these
cases, in consequence of the slaves, in question having been
reclaimed by their respective Masters on their arrival here ; they
however opposed the claim, maintaining that they had become
free by having been in England and consequently having ceased
to be Slaves. The Worshipful the Court of Justice pronounced
sentence thereon, whereby Hendrick is declared free, and Jack
ordered to be restored to the possession of his master.

I transmit these documents to you with the view of soliciting
that you will be pleased to take the best legal opinion on the
several questions therein propounded, the cases being now before
the Court of Appeals here, and the decisions therein postponed
until an answer to this communication shall be received.

Eelying on your accustomed promptitude and punctuality,

I have &c.
(Signed) Cha^rles Henry Somerset.

[Copy.]

Letter from Henry Goulburn, Esqre., to
William Parker, Esqre.

Downing Street, \Uh September 1819.

Sir, — I have laid before Earl Bathurst your letter of the
3rd Inst., enclosing for his Lordship's consideration a Memorandum
of certain conditions under which you propose to take charge of a
body of Settlers, and proceed to the Cape of Good Hope, and I am
directed in reply to assure you that if his Lordship does not feel
himself at liberty to admit in your case of any deviation from the
conditions laid down in the printed circular, under which other
Settlers proceed to that Colony, it is not from any doubt as to your
individual qualifications, but from the necessity which his
Lordship considers to exist for placing all the Settlers in that
Colony on a precisely similar footing.

On this ground, therefore. His Lordship is unable to hold out
to you any expectation of your being permitted on your arrival to

312 Records of the Cape Colony.

select the particular spot which yoii may consider most eligible for
a Settlement. You will of course be at liberty to make known
your wishes to the Governor, but it must rest with him to decide
how far a compliance would be consistent with the general
interests of the Colony.

With respect to the appointments which you have in view
either as the Superintendant of the Knysna, as Colonel of the
Militia, or as Landdrost of the District of Greorge Town, Lord
Bathurst cannot enter into any engagement nor does he consider
it necessary to discuss your proposition with respect to the
military service of the Settlers, it not being in his power to
sanction any that differ from those which are actually in force
in the Colony. His Lordship is particularly desirous however
that you should be aware that as all the persons who proceed to
the Cape as Settlers wfll of course receive in common with His
Majesty's other subjects in that Colony all due protection and
support, so they cannot be permitted to enjoy, either with respect
to their lands, or in other respects, any immunities from which
other Inhabitants are debarred. For this reason the right of
cutting Timber on the land allotted to them is one which Lord
Bathurst has it not in his power to concede.

With respect to that part of your proposal which relates to the
carrying out a certain number of Boys and Girls from the Charities
in Ireland, Earl Bathurst considers that although the plan may be
well deserving of future consideration, it is one which he should
not in the first instance be desirous of encouraging. To the other
conditions which you have specified, as they are in most respects
conformable to the regulations laid down in the Circular, TTia
Lordship sees no objection, but he has desired me to add that in
the event of any proposal which you may make being accepted it
must rest with you to make any legal agreement with the
Settlers under your direction which may be essential for your
mutual interest and comfort. I am &c.

(Signed) Henry Goulbuen.

Records of the Cape Colony, 313

[Original.]

Letter from Captain Bagot to Earl Bathurst.

EiNOSTHOBPB, KoBTHAHFTON, lQ(h September 1819.

My Lord, — I trust that your Lordship will pardon the liberty
I take in addressing a letter to you, but since Government
determined on sending settlers to the Cape of Good Hope, it
has been my most ardent wish to go there with my family,
for which purpose I have obtained His Eoyal Highness, the
Prince Eegent's leave ; my next step was to raise a sufficient
sum of money for the purpose, but all my efforts in that way
having failed, I presume to apply to your Lordship, as my last
resource. One hundred Pounds is all I require to put my
intentions into execution, which if your Lordship will be
kindly pleased to let me have, you will confer a lasting obliga-
tion on me, and any mode of payment that you may think fit to
point out, that comes within my power, shall be adopted; the
method I propose is by my half pay, which shall be lodged
by Messrs. Greenwood Cox & Co., at any place your Lordship
may think proper, for the liquidation of the sum I require, in
addition to which, should it be thought necessaxy, I would have
my life insured to prevent the possibility of any loss in case of
my death. I am well aware that I have no claim whatever
on your Lordship, but my having been twice at the Cape, and
knowing the Colony, joined to the knowledge I have of agriculture,
makes me feel sanguine as to a prospect of providiag for a large
family, which I cannot do in this country. I will not trespass
longer on Your Lordship's time, but trusting to your goodness,

I have &c.

(Signed) Eobt. Wood Bagot, Capt. 47th Eegt.

314 Records of the Cape Colony.

[Copy.]

Letter from Henry Goulburn, Esqre., to
William Parker, Esqre.

DowNiNO Street, llth September 1819.

Sir, — I have laid before Earl Bathurst the letter which you
addressed to me on the 14th Inst., in which you state that you do
not desire any special exemption in your favor from the conditions
laid down in the printed circular with respect to emigration to the
Cape of Good Hope, but that you are anxious to receive so strong
a recommendation to the Governor as should ensure on his part a
compliance with the wishes which you express in your former
letter provided they are consistent with the general interests of the
Colony.

I am directed in reply to acquaint you that in the event of any
proposal for proceeding as a Settler to the Cape being made by you
and accepted. Earl Bathurst will readily recommend you to the
Governor in terms perfectly consistent with the testimonials which
you have adduced from so many respectable quarters of your
respectability and qualifications, and his Lordship has no doubt
that you will receive every favorable consideration compatible
with the general interests of the Colony and the claims of other
Settlers.

But in order to remove any erroneous impression to which such
a recommendation might give rise Earl Bathurst is desirous that I
should again explain to you before any definite proposal has been
made by you, that he cannot hold out to you any expectation
that the Governor can confer on you any privileges not con-
ceded tx) other Settlers in a similar class with yourself or that
it will be possible to abandon in your favor the light of
cutting Timber which has heretofore been always reserved to the
Crown.

I have only further to add that if it should be finally your wish
to proceed to the Cape it would be desirable that I should receive
from you as early as is convenient the number and list of the
persons whom you propose to accompany you in order that Earl
Bathurst may have your proposal under his consideration together

Records of the Cape Colony, 315

with those of any other persons who axe equally desirous of
availing themselves of the offers held out in the cii'cular letter.

I am &c.

(Signed) Henry Goulbubn.

[Original.]

Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to
Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

Gaps of Qcogd Hope, September l%(h 1819.

My dear Mr. Goulburn, — I received on Sunday last your
letter of the 15th June enclosing a statement sent from the
Institution of the Eefiige for the Destitute relative to the
treatment of twelve apprentices which were placed with James
Gosling, Esqre., residing at the Cape.

I lost no time in referring the subject to Mr. Gosling for
explanation, and it so happened that Mr. G. having heard from
Mr. Colebrooke (who married Mrs. Gosling's sister) of the villainous
misrepresentations made to his prejudice in England, Mrs. Gosling
had already prepared a statement of the facts, which I now enclose
to Grovemment, which is not only a complete refutation of all that
has been so falsely alledged, but also shews plainly the motives by
which Mr. G.'s calumniators have been actuated.

In the case of the boy Jones, the Court of Landdrost and
Heemraden were compelled to adhere to the Letter of the Law,
but had Mr. Grosling not been ill-advised not to appeal, I think
it most probable (knowing the circumstances as I since have done)
that I should have been induced to have reversed the Sentence
had it come into Appeal.

Ko persons can conduct themselves in a more praiseworthy
manner than Mr. and Mrs. Gosling on all occasions, and I cannot
but sorely lament that the tenets of modem Philanthropy should
induce even the most respectable persons to advocate the cause of
the most unworthy and wicked of the Community, and frequently
too (as in the present case) upon ex parte Statements. From all
I have heard of the artful conduct of Mrs. Clarence my own

316 Records of the Cape Colony.

opinion is that there can be found no one less deserving of atten-
tion. Believe me &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Copy.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Captain Hunn, E.K

Gk)YEBKiiENT HousE, September ISlh 1819.

Sir, — I have the honor to state to you that accounts which
I have this day received from the Army in KafiBraria render it
expedient that I should be present there with as little delay
as possible.

The state of my health and the probability of being greatly
delayed from the Swelling of the Eivers by the late violent rains,
render a journey by land to be avoided if possible.

I therefore beg to state to you, Sir, that if you would afford me
the advantage of the Redimng to take me to Algoa Bay, you would
very materially promote the very important service now carrying
on against the hostile Tribes on our Borders. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Office Copy.]'
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, 22nd September 1819.

My Lord, — I transmit herewith to your Lordship a Copy of a
Besolution of the House of Commons which passed during the
last Session of Parliament, and in virtue of which an Address has
been presented to His Eoyal Highness The Prince Regent soliciting
Eatums of the Eevenue and Expenditujre of the Colonial Govern-
ment of the Cape, together with otheJr information which your
Lordship will find more particularly defined in the Besolution;
and I have to signify to your Lordstip The Prince Begent's
Pleasure that you do transmit to
accordingly.

With reference to that part of the iResolution which calls tor

me the various Beturns

Records of the Cape Colony, 317

a list of the Civil Offices of the Colony, I beg to inform your
Lordship that I have not, as yet, received from yon the Eetnms
which you were last year desired to furnish, and I take this
opportunity of enclosing a printed form which distinctly points
out the heads of information which I am desirous of possessing ;
and I have to instruct your Lordship to call upon all the Officers
of your Government to make out Eeturns of their respective
Offices accordiQg to the form in question. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Original.]
Letter from Me. Thomas Pringle to Henry Goulburn, Esqrb.

SALI8BUBT Stbbbt, EDnmuBOB, September 22nd 1819.

Sib, — I beg leave to enclose a petition to Earl Bathurst, a copy
of which I lately transmitted to the Colonial Office through the
hands of Mr. Scott of Abbotsford, and I now take the liberty (as
authorised by that gentleman and by Mr. Croker of the Admiralty)
to address you on the subject of it.

UnderstandiDg that it is the intention of his Majesty's Govern-
ment in forming the present Settlement to give a preference
to persons possessed of some small capital and who can at the
same time be recommended for steadiness, enterprise and agricul-
tural skill, I humbly venture to claim for my friends some con-
sideration on each of these points. In addition to what is specified
in the inclosed petition, I may confidently say that my father and
brothers (who form four of the party) are allowed to be as good
farmers as any in the county of Eoxburgh, and should it be
considered of any importance they are ready to produce the most
respectable certificates in regard to this and the other qualifi-
cations above mentioned.

Mr. Walter Scott, to whom I have the honour to be known,
informs me that he has mentioned something of my own in-
dividual situation and wishes to Mr. Croker, who he says, will
communicate with you on the subject. To the candid explana-
tions therefore of that illustrious friend I beg, Sir, respectfully
to refer you in regard to myself, in the belief that they will have

318 Records of the Cape Colony,

infinitely more weight than any thing I could personally presume
to urge.

I will not farther intrude upon your time, except to add that
it will exceedingly oblige me if you will be so good as to inform
me as soon as your conveniency will admit, whether I may hope for
success in this double application for my friends and for myself;
if accepted, at what period we may expect to embark, and whether
one of my brothers, who is now in the United States (but who
is anxious to join us at the Gape), may be permitted to rank
in the allotment of land as one of my party ? I have &c.

(Signed) Thos. Pringle.

pEnclosure.]

To the Eight Honourable Eael Bathurst, Secretary of State

for the Colonies, cfec, Jkc,

The Petition of Thomas Pringle, residing at No. 24 Salisbury
Street, Edinburgh, humbly sheweth

That the petitioner is desirous to avail himself of the generosity
of His Majesty's Government in sendiug out settlers to the Cape
of Good Hope : That he is ready to carry with him a party of at
least ten able bodied men, seven of whom (being the petitioner's
own relations) have been bred to farming in the South of Scotland,
and can muster among them about five ^hundred pounds sterling
of capital: That the rest of the party will consist of a joiner,
a blacksmith, a gardener, and perhaps two or three ploughmen,
with women and children within the specified proportion : and
that the Petitioner and his party pledge themselves to fulfil all
the other points prescribed in the official circular and to conform
themselves to the general regulations that Government may find
expedient. May it therefore please your Lordship graciously
to attend to this Petition, to affi)rd the party a free passage to the
Colony, and to grant them such a settlement there as may be
most advantageous for their individual benefit and for the general
welfare. And the Petitioner will ever pray &c.

(Signed) Thos. Pringlk.

Records of the Cape Colony, 319

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, 24tft September 1819.

My Lord, — ^This letter will be delivered to your Lordship by
Juliette Bouillinot, whom I have permitted to proceed to St.
Helena as an attendant on the Countess Bertrand, and I have
to request that your Lordship will give the necessary orders that
this person may be forwarded on to St. Helena. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

P.S. I enclose a dispatch which I have addressed to Sir
Hudson Lowe relative to Juliette Bouillinot, and I request your
Lordship to cause it to be transmitted to St. Helena.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Cape of GK)0D Hope, 24ith September 1819.

My Lord, — Subsequent to the date of the dispatch in which
I had the honour to communicate to your Lordship the means
which I had found it necessary to direct for repelling the hostile
aggression of the three Caflfer Chiefs who had taken up arms
against the Colony and their Superior Chief Gaika, several circum-
stances occurred which tended to retard and impede those opera-
tions ; and the molestations which several of the military posts
suffered from numerous bodies of the hostile Caffers rendered
it prudent to adopt many measures of precaution on our frontier
previous to following the enemy into his own country with the
view of finally putting a stop to their murderous system of
'Warfare.

The distemper among the horses of the Burgher cavaby was
to a great extent and it took a considerable time before it was
possible to bring up a sufiicient remount to enable them to take
the field. This interval was employed in placing the frontier line
in a state of security. Major HaUoway of the Royal Engineers

320 Records of the Cape Cclowy.

directed these works, and the line was rendered sufficiently strong
to defy any sudden attack which might have been attempted.
Graham's Town, being the chief depot of military stores and
provisions, required greater caution to protect, but the Com-
manding Engineer by unremitting exertions placed this impor-
tant post in a state to protect itself against the most formidable
attack which could be brought against it. These arrangements
having been completed, the Burgher force formed into three

divisions and, supported by

Boyal Artaiery 4 gmia . 82 B. and P. .,^ ^^fof«i.^^„f If «.^,lnJl

Infantry of the Line . , 400 da ^^^ detatchment of regulars

Colonial Troop .... 68 da and Artillery as per margin,

m * 1 « ^ ™ T;^ marched into Caflferland be-

TotalB. andF. .500 , «« , , «h . -

tween the 22nd and 31st of
July, that is the left division under the command of Mr. Land-
drost Stockenstrom marched on the 22nd of that month by the
Winterberg, the centre under the orders of the officer commanding
on the frontier (Lt.-Col. Willshu'e 38th Eegt.) by De Bruins
Drift, and the right under Major Fraser Cape Begiment on the
31st by the Caflfer or Ebb and Flood Drift. These corps were
to meet on the Chumie, which is beyond all that strongly wooded
country which extends along the left bank of the Great Fish
Biver in a length of near 60 miles from its embouchure and whose
breadth differs from 8 or 10 to 15 and 20 miles.

This vast forest was the retreat and fasthold of the marauders
who have so long annoyed His Majesty's Settlement; to clear
it from the hordes who had made it their retreat and lurking
place required no small degree of perseverance and energy, this
however has been effected.

During the protracted continuance of our preparations, the
great body of Caffers continued in these woods, but the pasturages
which are encircled thereby being at length exhausted and their
numerous herds requiring fresh pasturage, Tsambie had moved
to the plains of the Keiskamma where the division of Burghers
imder Mr. Stockenstrom arrived on the heights which command
the villages and pastures belonging to that Chief and his people.
The dreadful weather the Burgher cavaky experienced rendered
it impossible for them to act offensively at this important crisis,
but Tsambie having found that they had taken precautions for
preventing a surprize, retreated prebipitately to those haunts
which have heretofore been deemed impervious to Europeans.

Records of the Cape Colony. 321

It was become imperative however to dislodge the enemy from
these fastnesses, and by a suite of the most persevering and
fatiguing attacks this has been at length effected. Wherever the
enemy could be traced to, thither our brave Troops and Burghers
penetrated, and after a number of very sanguinary affairs they have
finally dislodged them from the whole of this vast tract.

To persons who have not seen the face oi this country and who
are not aware of the strength of the ravines and clefts into which
this extraordinary people retreats, the exertions of the assailants
win not be understood; but to those who have seen it, it will
appear almost incredible that so much has been effected. The
persevering energy of the assailants cannot be too highly extolled
or appreciated. The very inclement season to which our people
have, during these operations, been exposed has never been known
to have been equalled, and the loss we have sustained in horses
and oxen is very considerable, but hitherto the Troops and
Burghers, I have the satisfaction to say, have continued healthy.

Cut off from their fortresses, as they may be called, and having
no longer a secure retreat, division has spread itself among the
hostile chiefs, and they have sued for mercy and peace separately,
offering to abandon each other ; their protestations have hitherto
been unattended to, and the consequence has been that one
of the three principal Chiefs (Lynx) has thrown himself upon
British clemency, declaring that there was no longer any security
for him. The notorious Tsambie has offered also to surrender,
but has not hitherto come in, although his life has been promised
him if he do so. It is not expected that he or the Chief Congo
will long remain in the field, as their further retreat is cut off
by Hinza, who occupies the coimtry behind the Buffalo (a river
beyond the Keiskamma), who has declared that they shall find
no asylum in his territories and who has spontaneously offered
to surrender all Colonial plunder which had been deposited with
him by the three Chiefs upon their expectation of invasion.

Under these circumstances I trust I may look forward to a
speedy termination of hostilities, and with a view to this impor-
tant and desired result, I am about to proceed to the Frontier
to direct such measures as may be most expedient for effectually
preventing a recurrence of those circumstances which have given
rise to the present state of affairs. The friendly Chief Gaika
is already at Lt.-Col. WiUshire's head quarters, and it is of great

XII. Y

322 Records of the Cape Colony,

exigence that his present friendly feelings towards this Govern-
ment should be taken advantage of for securing the permanent
interest of His Majesty's Settlement. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Copy.J

Letter from the Eeverend C. I. Latrobe to
William Parker, Esqre.

FuLMB NBAB Leeds, September 25th 1819.

Dear Sir, — On my arrival here last night, I found your obliging
letter of the 18th Instant and hasten by the first post to return an
answer to it, tho' I fear not as satisfactory as I could wish, not
having made such observations as might assist in your researches.
All I know of the Country about the Enysna is contained in the
account I have given of that Eiver in my Journal, and I hardly
know anything to add that would be interesting to you
(see P. 156 to 158). Had not a thick fog prevented it, I should
have had a better report to make, especially of the Estuary of that
Biver, of which, as I afterwards heard, it was intended to make
some use, as a harbour or place of refuge for ships. It was said
that certain rocks formed a kind of mole, or defence towards the
sea. For want of some Island or rocks breaking the force of the
sea lying before the entrances of Plettenberg, Algoa, and other
Bays, they are very unsafe in South East Grales, which are not
unfrequent in those seas.

The Knysna appeared to me to flow thro' a fine country, and
where there is any supply of water in South Africa there ia little
doubt but cultivation would be easy. Mr. Bex has a garden in
the VaUey, but I do not remember having seen any plantations, or
cultivated grounds higher up the river, where the Ford is situated.
As I had heard from Mr. Van Kervel, the Landdrost of Geoige*
that all the country was occupied except Jackal's Kraal, near
Plettenberg bay, I did not take such notice of the places I passed
as I otherwise should have done. I remember our being much
pleased with the appearance of the banks of the Ejaysna, where we
spent the i^ight. Mr. Van Eervel informed me, that there was no

Records of the Cape Colony, 323

unoccupied land in his district except Jackal's Ejraal, and
prevailed upon me to go and see it. It appeared to me and the
Missionary who accompanied me a very eligible spot for a settle-
ment, but the Hottentots I had taken with me from Gnadenthal,
who seem very intelligent men, objected to it, on account of the
want of sweet grass, which with them is a main consideration.
Mr. Van Kervel is deservedly considered as a character of superior
excellence, and I hope is still the Landdrost of George. A report
reached me some time ago that he had another appointment at
Cape Town. I was very sorry not to see him on my return from
the interior.

I wish you much success; and that the favour and blessing of
God may attend you in the execution of your benevolent plan,
which, as you foresee, will be attended with no small difficulties.

Our new Settlement on the Witte Eevier, beyond the Sundays
Eiver, has been burnt by the Caffres, after all the cattle had been
stolen. Nine Hottentots were killed on that occasion; but I
have as yet received no particulars relating to the melancholy
event. I trust the war will soon end, by the expulsion of those
ferocious invaders. In the former war they penetrated far into
the Colony.

I am truly concerned not to be able to answer your kind

enquiries as you wish and as your kindness deserves, but with

sincere esteem &c.

(Signed) 0. I. Latrobe.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. Samuel Bradshaw to Earl Bathurst.

Gam iTEAB DuBSLBY, Glouobstebshibb, SepUfoAer 2bih 1819.

My Lord, — may it please your Lordship to Inform me what are
the Conditions that is offered by His Majesty's Government to
Persons that do take out the Number of Men Women and
Children to the Colony for to settle at the Cape of Good Hope
according to the Terms specified in the Circular Letter and at
what place they do embark at and at what Time they do embark,
for the Parish of Cam are over Burdened with poor and propose
sending out at least Ten able Boded Men above the Age of

Y 2

324 Records of tlie Cape Colony^

Eighteen principally with large Families and wether the Person so
taking them out will be allowed to take out any Tools such as are
Used in the Cultivation of Land and what he must advance in
Money for his passage, and Tunage for such Tools if so allowed.

I am &c.

(Signed) Saml, Bradshaw.

[Original.]

Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to
Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

Gaps Town. Sej^tmlber 2Sik 1819.

My Dear Mr. Goulburn, — The Gentleman who will present
this to you is a Mr. G. G. Harington, a merchant at this place,
and as he is extremely anxious to have an introduction to you I
hope you vdll forgive my giving you this trouble. Mr. Harington
was in the E. I. Company's service and in the command of a
Chinaman, but conceived that fixing himself here would be either
more profitable or more pleasant he left the Service about 5 years
ago. He has laid out an enormous sum in buildings here, and has
set out upon a scale that the extent of trade here never will in his
time repay. He is a bold man in mercantile business, and will I
doubt not be of use to this Colony. I think he is upon too grand
a scale to benefit himself much. His wish is to introduce the best
of all measures for the interests of this Colony : " the Coasting
Trade/' and he has already exported some aloes and com from the
Eastern Shore. He is well acquainted with the capabilities of this
place, and I daresay will be very glad to bore yon as often as yon
are disposed to hear him upon it and probably oftener too. I was
much obliged to you for your hint about Madame du Pay, I hope
I was civil enough to her.

I embark in the Redwing to-morrow morning for Eafi&aria, and
I hope I shall effect measures that will be of lasting benefit to this
Settlement. Numerous circumstances render my going as great a
personal sacrifice as a man can make, and in particular the very
precarious state of my eldest daughter's health, respecting whom I
am under great anxiety. I hope on my return to find a letter

Records of the Cape Colony. 325

from Lord Bathurst with the Prince Eegent's permission to return
to England for a short time for the purpose of conveying my
daughter home, when I ti'ust I shall have the pleasure of finding
you well and our friends firm in their Ministerial Seats. I shall
be happy also in an opportunity of acknowledging in person your
kindness and friendly attention to me during my absence from
England. Believe me &c.

(Signed) C. H. Somerset.

[Original]

Letter from Mr. Alexander Biggar to
Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

No. 3 NOBTHUMBBRLAND Ck}UBT, StBAND, LoNDON,

21th Septemb&r 1819.

Sir, — In compliance with the regulations established by Lord
Bathurst, I have the honor herewith to annex a list of my family
and of the men with their families who have engaged to settle
with me at the new Colony near the Cape of Good Hope, and I beg
leave to acquaint you that I am ready to comply with all the
conditions stated by his Majesty's Government. My capital
£300 Sterling. I have &c.

(Signed) Alex. Biggar.

[Original.]

Letter from James Gosling, Esqre., to
Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

Gaps of Good Hope, September 27th 1819.

SiB, — His Excellency Lord Charles Somerset having put into my
hands a letter he had received from you covering a memorandum
of complaints made by my late housekeeper (Mrs. Clarence) and
some apprentices from the refuge of the destitute affecting
materially my character, I trust you will have the goodness to
excuse me if I take the liberty of saying a few words on the
subject. I should first mention that His Excellency is so

326 Records of the Cape Colony.

convinced of my innocence throughout that he has informed me he
should lose no time in contradicting such calumnious reports. I
forwarded to His Lordship a statement Mrs. Gosling had previously
prepared for the "Eefuge" in consequence of a letter we had
lately received from Mr. Colebrooke.

Mr. Colebrooke in his letter mentions (alluding to a reinforce-
ment of apprentices he had sent me from another quarter) " They
go in consequence of my assurances and against the dissuasion of
persons who interfered to damp their confidence, two in particular
gentlemen of the vestry, also patrons of the refuge who had seen
the complaints worked up by the Clarences. I sent for perusal
your letter : it induced the Governor to withdraw a direct opposi-
tion and to allow the children to do as they pleased."

My principal object therefore in addressing you now is to
explain a little respecting the boy Jones. This boy was tried by
the court of Landdrost and Hemraden, which is composed of
farmers chiefly from my immediate neighbourhood, people who
are jealous in the extreme of English settlers and would take
every opportunity of thwarting them in the cultivation of their
lands upon a system like mine. It is quite a novel thing in this
colony, the introduction of apprentices so young as mine, and I
believe Mr. Colebrooke is the first who has ventured to send any
at so early an age. The Dutch are of course averse to the
principle, because they foresee it would in time, if followed by
many others, materially depreciate the price of their slaves. It
was never my intention to have corrected myself the boy Jones,
and for that reason (which Mrs. Gosling's letter will explain) I
made my complaint to the Field Comet of the District (the
Drostdy being at so great a distance). I was at the time but a
young settler and unacquainted with the Governor's proclamation
regarding the treatment of apprentices. The field comet's wrong,
and perhaps I should be correct in saying designed advice, led me
into the error that followed, and which Mrs. Clarence so promptly
took up to ground her complaints to the Institution. With
regard to the other part of Mrs. Clarence's statement, which reads
exactly as if I had persevered in punishing these boys myself, I
beg to remark that the field comet was directed by the Landdrost
to punish the four first she enumerates, entirely upon the complaint
made by Mrs. Clarence, who was the only evidence before the
field comet against the boys. The four others who Mrs. Clarence

Records of the Cape Colony. 327

states to have gooe to Stellenbosch to escape the same fate, were
sent there by me, and it is on record that they were severely
reprimanded, and certainly would have been punished if I had
not looked over their faults upon a promise of amendment in
future,

I have nothing further to add than an earnest desire to remove
from Lord Bathurst's mind every unfavorable impression towards
me from the unjust reports of Mrs. Clarence ; I fear nothing she
may do on this side, as I have at all times courted the strictest
investigation, and her character is too well known to do me any
injury. It leaves me therefore only to offer this explanation to
Lord Bathurst, for the satisfaction of my friends in England, and I
should be happy if his Ijordship would give his sentiments again
on the business, in order that I may determine on what steps to
take with Mrs. Clarence.

Defamation of character I know in England is amenable to the
laws and can be severely punished, but I am not quite certain
whether I should succeed so well in a Dutch court. I might
incur a very heavy expense without perhaps gaining my object.

I have &c.
(Signed) Jas. Gosling.

[Oflace Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

London, 2%th September 1819.

My Lord, — I have had the honour of receiving your Lordship's
dispatch No. 25, and have in consequence had a communication
with the London Missionary Society as to the state of their
establishments both within and without the Colony.

It afforded me much satisfaction to find on their part a ready
disposition to admit the existence of those evils which your
Lordship has pointed out as having, in some instances, resulted
from the mode in which their missions have been conducted,
and to cooperate in the measures which might upon consideration
be thought necessary for preventing their recurrence. From the
Opinion which you have expressed to Dr. Philip and from the

328 Becorda of the Cape Colony,

confidence which the Society repose in him, I have little doubt
but that you will be enabled to concert with him some effectaal
Means of carrying your views into execution. But I feel assured
from what has passed in my communication with the Society that
they will not be backward in contributing, if not to remove their
establishments for the purpose of bringing them within the juris-
diction of the Colonial Authorities, at least to enforce in them such
Begulations as you may consider necessary to repress the la^i^less
proceedings of some of the persons composing them. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. J. Carlisle to Earl Bathurst.

Belmont ksab Lebk, Staffobdshibb, September 29ih 1819.

My Lord, — I beg leave most respectfully to tender to your
Lordship my petition for a grant of land at the intended new
Colony at the Cape of Good Hope.

It may be necessary for me to state that I am the second son of
a clergyman of the established church, and in my 22nd year, that
my father has about 60 acres of land in his own hands, that I have
had the chief management of it for the last four years, and that
I am fond of agricultural pursuits.

I have seen the Circular which was issued from the Colonial
Office, and have noticed the conditions upon which the lands are
to be granted. And I have 16 stout healthy men, who are willing
to embark with me ; out of these 16 1 shall select ten, whom I
shall, upon due inquiry, find to be the most likely to suit my
purpose.

If your Lordship should be pleased to accept my proposal I
should feel particularly obliged by being permitted to go out with
the first embarkation. I have &c.

(Signed) J. Carlisle.

Records of the Oape Colony. 329

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. G. H. Gibbons to Earl Bathurst.

42 St. Mabt Axe, 80«fc September 1819.

My Lord, — I beg leave to call your Lordship's attention to a
Claim which I have upon the Navy board for the conveyance
of Sheep to the Cape of Good Hope in the month of October last,
and for which I entered into Contract to convey at the rate of
je4 per Head, £3 to be paid on Embarkation and £1 per Head
on those that were landed alive. Unfortunately out of 60 em-
barked 29 died on the Passage and the receipt for the 31 landed
alive has been handed to the Navy Board upon which I claim
the Freight of dBl Per Head as stipulated, as also other Freight for
the conveyance of Stores amounting together to about £119, but
which the Commrs. of the Navy refuse to pay me without a
Certificate furnished by Mr. Courtenay, and on my applying to
that Gentleman he answers that he has never heard from the Cape
on the subject and probably never shall, consequently cannot grant
it, and that he has nothing whatever to do with it ; the period of
time elapsed since the Sheep were landed is now 8 months, and
I consider it a great hardship the Settlement of my Account
should be witl^Jield because there is no Approval on the one part
or Complaint on the other. I have also produced an Affidavit
from the Chief-Mate of the Ship stating that every possible care
was taken of the Sheep, which would be sufficient to establish my
Claim in a Court of Justice, yet still I am answered you must
produce a Certificate from Mr. Courtenay, indeed I have even
offered an indemnity against any Claim that might be set up
against the Ship for misconduct, and I am answered in the
same manner "Mr. Courtenay is the proper person to take the
Indemnity and upon his certifying he has no objection to the
Freight being paid it wiU be settled immediately," but upon
applying to Mr. Courtenay he answers "he has nothing to do
with it, and that he had written to the Navy Board that he
was not aware of any objection to the settlement of my Account,"
but yet nothing but a Certificate will do, and that it seems it is
impossible to obtain, therefore understanding that the Transaction
originally emanated from your Lordship I hope I may be allowed

330 Records qf the Cape Colony.

to call your attention to it and to request you will sanction the
settlement of my Account with the Navy Board. I have &c.

(Signed) G. H. Gibbons.

[Office Copy.J

Letter to Applicants to emigrate after the requisite

nuTober was selected,

DowNiNa Stbebt,

I have laid before the Earl Bathurst your letter of the

and have received His Lordship's directions to acquaint you
in reply, that His Majesty's Government have, for some time past,
been under the necessity of withholding all encouragement from
persons desirous of emigrating to the Cape of Good Hope, as the
number of those who have been allowed to proceed to that Colony
at the National Expence, is too considerable to render it expedient
that any further number of individuals should, at present, be con-
veyed thither.

I am, however, desired to add, that the Governor of the Cape
has full power and authority to grant Lands to Individuals who
possess the means of bringing them into Cultivation ; and that
any person is at liberty to proceed to the Colony at his own
expence, and to apply for a Grant of Lands, which it mast
however be left to the discretion of the Governor to allow or
deny, according to the ability of the applicant to cultivate them.

I am, &c.

[Office Copy.]

Letter to Applicants to eihigrate after tJte requisite

number was selected.

DowinNG Stbeet, London,

I am directed by the Earl Bathurst to acquaint you in answer
to your application of the that His Majesty's Govern-
ment no longer give eucouragement or assistance to persons

Records of the Cape Colony. 53:1

desirous of proceeding to the Cape of Gx)od Hope for the purpose
of settling in that Colony : but all Individuals who may choose
to go out there at their own expence will upon application to the
Local Authorities receive a grant of land proportioned to the means
which the applicants can shew that they possess for bringing such
lands into cultivation. I am, &c.

[Office Copy.]

Letter to Applicants to emigrate after the requisite

numher was selected.

DowNma Street,

I have laid before the Earl Bathurst your letter of the

and have received his Lordship's directions to acquaint you
in reply, that His Majesty's Government no longer hold out any
encouragemcDt to persons desirous of emigrating to the Cape of
Good Hope.

I am however desired to add that individuals are at full liberty
to proceed to that Colony at their own expense, and that the
Governor is empowered to grant lands to persons having the
means of cultivating them. I am, &c.

[Office Copy.J

Letter to Applicants to emigrate after the requisite

number was selected,

DOWNDTQ StBEBT, IiONDON, •

Your letter of the has been received and laid before

the Earl Bathurst, and I am desired by his Lordship to acquaint
you in reply, that the whole number of persons for whom it has
been possible to prepare accommodation at the Cape of Good
Hope, for the present, has been already completed, and that no
encouragement can, therefore, be given to persons desirous of
emigrating to that Colony. I am, &c.

332 Becords of the Cape Colony.

[Copy.]

Printed Letter from the Colonial Office to the
Heads of Parties of Settlers.

DowioNa Street, London, 18 •

Sir, — Mr. Hill of the Treasury has reported to me that you
have paid into his hands the sum of £ , being the amount

of your deposit money.

I therefore transmit to you by Earl Bathurst's direction, a Letter
to the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, which will ensure to
you a grant of Land in conformity with the Eegulations.

Directions have been given to provide you and your party with
a conveyance to that Colony; and you will receive from the
Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy due notice of the time
and place which they may appoint for your Embarkation.

I am directed by Earl Bathurst to take this opportunity of
acquainting you, that he feels assured that you will not fail to
impress upon the persons who have placed themselves under your
direction, the necessity of observing an orderly conduct during
the Voyage ; nor does his Lordship doubt that you will cordially
co-operate with the Master of the Vessel appointed for your
conveyance, in enforcing implicit adherence to the Begulations
established for the guidance of the Settlers, and which have no
other object than to ensure their comfort and their safety.

I am. Sir,

Tour obedient Servant,

Henry Goulburn.

' P.S. If there should be any Naval Pensioners among your
Party, I request that you would desire them, on their arrival at
the Cape of Good Hope, to write to the Paymaster of Pensions
at Greenwich Hospital, and solicit from that Officer directions
respecting the Payment of their Allowances.

Records of the Cape Colony. 333

[Office Copy.]

Printed Letter to General the Eight Honourable

Lord Charles Somerset.

DowinNa Street, London,

•My Lord, — This Letter will be delivered to your Lordship by

who proceeds to the Cape of Good Hope with
the view of settling there ; and I have received Earl Bathurst's
directions to desire, that your Lordship will cause a grant of Land
to be made to proportionate to the means which

he may be able to satisfy your Lordship that he possesses^ for
bringing it into cultivation. I have, &c.

[Office Copy.]

Printed Letter to General the Eight Honourable

Lord Charles Somerset.

Downing Stbebt, Londov, .

My Lord, — I am directed by Earl Bathurst to transmit here-
with to your Lordship a Eetum of Persons proceeding to the Cape
of Good Hope, under the direction of ,

to settle in the Colony under the Eegulations which have been
promulgated by His Majesty's G<)vemment ; and I am directed to
desire that your Lordship will cause a portion of Land to be allotted
to in conformity to these Eegulations.

has deposited the sum of as specified in the Eetum ; and

I have to request that your Lordship will issue your Warrant to
the Officer at the head of the Commissariat Department at the
Cape, for the repayment to

of the Amount of his Deposit Money, in the proportions, and at
the periods stated in the Eegulations. I have &c.

334 Mecords of the Cape Colony.

[Office Copy.]

Letter to Persons emigrating to the Cape at their

own eocpense,

DowNnro Stbebt, Londok,

Sir, — I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the

, and I am to acquaint you in reply, that the Governor of

the Gape of Good Hope has full power to make grants of lands to

individuals desirous of settling in that Colony, proportioned to the

means which they possess of cultivating them. I am, &c.

[Office Copy.J

Printed Letter to the Commissioners of the Navy,

DowNnro Stbbet, Lohdqn,

Gentlemen, — I am directed by Earl Bathurst to transmit to
you herewith a Eetum of Settlers who have received his Lordship's
permission to proceed to the Cape of Good Hope, under the
direction of and I have to request

that you will make arrangements for providing tMs Party with a
conveyance to that Colony, and that you will give due notice to

of the time and place which
you may appoint for their Embarkation. I am, &c.

Records of the Cape Colony.

335

[Copy.]
Betum of Troops on the Frontier on the 1st of October 1819,

Carps.

Seigeants.

DnunmeTS
or Baglers.

Bank and
File.

Total.

Boyal Artillery ....

. •

Boyal Engineers .

38th Begiment

326

344

54th Begiment

242

256

72Bd Regiment

372

392

Boyal African Corps

568

611

Cape Cavalry

Cape Infantry

156

169

1917

(Signed) A. A. O'Eeilly, Brigade Major.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. Thomas Pringle to Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

24 Saubbubt Stbieet, EniNBUBaH, October 5th 1819.

Sir, — Since I had the honour of addressing my former letter to
you two individuals of my acquaintance have applied to be
included in my party for the Cape in the event of a favourable
answer to my petition. They are young men of most respectable
connections and good character, and can be highly recommended.
One of them, Mr. Charles Sydserff, is a nephew of the late Baron
Hepburn, and related to Lord Dalhousie, the other is a brother of
the rector of the High School of Edinburgh. They can raise
between them about £1000 of capital, and propose to carry out
six or seven ploughmen and artificers. With this accession our
number would be increased to seventeen or eighteen men, and our
total capital to about £1500 sterling. If letters of recommendation

336 Records of the Gape Colony,

are required from them or the rest of the party they can be
provided in a few days. If you approve of it I shall be happy to
have them joined to our party, but in this as in other matters I
wish to be regulated by your advice.

We are particularly anxious to be honoured with an early reply
from the Colonial office, with copies of the official notices, the
period and place of embarkation specified, and such other informa-
tion as may be thought competent, in the event of a favourable
reception to our application.

May I venture humbly to hope for your favourable consideration
of my request, and to solicit respectfully the honour of your
attention to my personal wishes so far as agreeable to the views of
Government.

Mr. Scott, whom I had the pleasure of Seeing at Abbotsford a
few days ago, told me that he understood it would be in the
Spring before any of the emigrants to Algoa Bay would sail, but I
presume he has been mistaken, as I have just met with some
leaders of a party from Glasgow whose application has been
accepted and who have got notice to be in readiness by the middle
of next month. Information on this point would be exceedingly
acceptable to myself and friends. Hoping that you will have the
goodness to excuse the liberty I have taken of again addressing
you, I have the honour to remain &c.

(Signed) Thos. Pringle.

[Copy.J

Letter from Henry Goulburn, Esqre., to William

Parker, Esqre.

DowKiHa Stbebt, 6 OdUiber 1819.

Sir, — ^I have received and laid before Earl Bathurst your letter
of the 29th Ultimo in which you advert to the necessity of a
perfect understanding between yourself and the Colonial department
on the subject of your proposal to establish yourself on the Banks
of the Knysna in Southern Africa, and I am to acquaint you in
reply that Lord Bathurst considers the letter which I had the
honor of addressing to you on the 13th Ultimo as containing every
information necessary to prevent misunderstanding as to the Aepee

Records of the Cape Colony. 33T

of enconragement whicli it is in His Lordship's power to hold out
to you, and has therefore only to repeat that he cannot enter into
any Engagement that you will receive from the Crown the precise
Lots of Land which you may specify nor that you will be able to
acquire them by purchase, nor can his Lordship encourage any
expectation that you will be placed on your arrival at the Cape in
a situation different from that of other Settlers who have accepted
the terms offered by Government. I am &c.

(Signed) Henry Goulburn.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Camp ok the Gwanga, 15th October 1819.

My Lord, — ^It is with peculiar satisfaction that I find it in my
power to announce to your Lordship the termination of hostilities
in this quarter and with a result the most favourable to this
Settlemeut I am just returned from a conference with the Caflfer
Chief Gaika, at which the principal Chiefs Eno, Botman, and
others assisted, and at which Congo, Habana, Garreta, and some
of inferior note (who had previously surrendered themselves to
Lt. Col. Willshire) were present.

Subsequent to my dispatch to your Lordship of the 24th of last
month, the principal Chief in arms against the Colony, TsambiCj^
finding further resistance impracticable, his men being dispersed
and all his inferior chieftains having deserted him, took the
resolution of abandoning this country altogether, and not finding
refuge among the neighbouring tribes, has proceeded, it is said,
beyond the Tambookie country. Meanwhile Hinza, who is the
recognised Chief of all the country between the Tambookies and
the Buffalo Eiver, has sent in the strongest assurances of his friend-
ship, not only towards the Colonists but towards Gaika, so that
nothing has impeded replacing in the hands of that friendly Chief
all the country between the possessions of Hinza and the Colonial
Border, and the whole of the inferior chiefs (who were all present
at the conference) have declared themselves subordinate to Gaika.

In order, however, to secure to the Colony those permanent
advantages which are requisite to its welfare, and which can only

XII. z

1B38 Records of the Cape Colony.

be ensured by our having it in our power to control those depreda-
tions which have proved so ruinous to the inhabitants of the
frontier districts and to the community generally, by the great
expense and sacrifice of such exertions as have been lately made
fot the suppression of their adversaries, I have effected the
removal of th'e Chief Congo and his adherents and people from
that forest country which is on the left bank of the Fish Eiver ; these
tribes were particularly obnoxious and hostile to the Colonists,
and chiefly iinhabited the environs of those fastnesses which I have
had occasion so frequently to describe. In like manner the chief
Kassa having fallen in the course of the late hostilities, it has been
agreed that his people shall remove from all the country at the
foot of the Winterberg ridge, behind the Keiskamma, those hordes
having fcwr a series of years carried on the most unnoying system
of plunder on the Graaff Eeinet side of the country.

It has been finally stipulated that the Caffer border shall in
future be the ridge of the Kat Eiver Hills from the Winterberg to
where that ridge joins the river Chumie, the Chumie itself to its
junction with the Keiskamma, and from thence the Keiskamma to
Its embouchure; thus are the Caffers at length cut off from all
those forests from whence they have so long carried on their
depredations, and checked the prosperity of the Colony, while by
our means a friendly Chief has been restored to his possessions
and still more to that influence among his countrymen which the
mauifestation on his part of a more settled disposition and con-
sequently of one more suited with our policy had so much impaired.
In order, however, to guard against the faithlessness and versatility
inherent in the savage character, I have been under the necessity
of establishing two strong military posts in the most commanding
situations of the ceded territory, one situated on the Gaigai, a
stream which is tributary to the Chumie is calculated to overawe
any of the tribes beyond the last mentioned river, from thence an
irruption into the very heart of the Caffer territory may take place
without the smallest impediment at the slightest notice, and redress
be forthwith sought, should the system of plunder be unfortunately
lecommenced.

The second, situated near this place, on the Gwanga Eiver, will
control all that country lately inhabited by Congo and his minor
chiefs and effectually prevent, in conjunction with such posts as I
purpose still to occupy on our present line, the repossession of the

jRecorcU of the Cape Colonij. 339

forest country by the Caifers, should they at a future period attempt
to do so. The country thus ceded is as fine a portion of ground as
is to be found in any part of the world, and together with the still
unappropriated lands in the Zuurveld might perhaps be worthy
of your Lordship's consideration, with the view of systematic
Colonization, and in furtherance of this important object, I obtained
from Captain Hunn (commanding H. M. Ship Redwing) a scientific
young officer (Mr. Dymocke) who with Lieut. Eutherford of the
Eoyal Engineers and with^two boats and a competent crew are at
this moment sounding and surveying the Coast from the Fish
River to the Eeiskamma, including the mouths of those rivers and
the intervening one of the Beka, in order to ascertain the practic-
ability of an anchorage or landing place on any part of that shore.

It will only be by peopling this country and gradually civilizing
the Caflfer tribes that the habits of the latter will be finally
eradicated. By inhabiting the frontier districts, security will by
degrees be attained, and I am not without hope that the Tribes on
the Border may be progressively civilized, as upon mentioning
Mr. Brownlee to Gaika during our conference, he expressed (as I
had the honour of informing your Lordship he had done on a
former occasion) the most anxious desire that Mr. Brownlee should
be allowed to reside with him. When these objects shall be, in
some measure, effected, the military support which is now
indispensable, but which appears not to have been adverted to
when the Force to be stationed in this Settlement was decided
upon, may be withdrawn.

At present upon the lowest calculation it will take between
fourteen and fifteen hundred men to occupy those posts on our
frontier which cannot be dispensed with, without endangering this
country for many hundred miles, and this force I have.nofrt)een
able to collect, although I have reduced the Garrison of Cape
Town so as merely to have sufficient Sentries on the various public
stores and have evacuated most of the outworks and outposts
altogether. Under this emergency I have been under the dis-
agreeable necessity of directing the augmentation of the Colonial
Corps, according to the Establishment which I have the honor
herewith to enclose. Possessed as your Lordship is of my
sentiments with respect to this Corps, you will be somewhat able
to appreciate the embarrassment which I must labour under to be
induced to direct its augmentation, but I am compelled to it lest

z 2

340 Becorda of the Cape Colony.

those evils which fell upon us subsequent to the reduction of the
military force in this Quarter should be renewed.

In passing thro' the province of Uitenhage on my way hither
I had opportunities of seeing between the Sunday Eiver and
Graham's Town the ruins of most of the farms and places which
I had left in a flourishing state scarcely two years before. The
inhabitants, assembled in the environs of the Military posts,
repeated to me the extent of their losses. Returns were given in
by the Magistrates, by which it appeared that thirty inhabitants,
including 9 inoflfensive residents at the Moravian Institution had
been killed; that near 11,000 head of black cattle, besides horses
and sheep, had been carried off in the course of a few months by
our daring and murderous neighbours. These events, and the
fortunate issue of the measures which have been pursued against
them, made it imperative on me not to hesitate, and I have
consequently given directions for the augmentation which I now
submit to your Lordship's sanction.

Until the arrangements connected herewith are brought to
maturity, I am likewise under the unpleasant necessity of
retaining the Royal African Corps. They are now encamped
here, and will continue so to be until the two posts I have alluded
to are secured, and until the Cape Corps, both cavalry and
infantry, can be brought up. I calculate that it will take about
two months to effect this, after which I shall lose no time in
embarking that Regiment according to your Lordship's former
directions. I have in the meanwhile given directions for dis-
banding the Burgher Force. Worn out by incessant fatigue,
having been for many months exposed to all the severity of a
most inclement season, nearly all dismounted, the greater part of
their horses having perished, this fine body of men had become
most anxious for repose, and having effected with the greatest
regularity, bravery, and patience the object for which they had
been called out, I was not a little pleased that the time was come
when I might safely send them to their homes.

I should be wanting in an essential duty if I did not endeavour
to impress upon your Lordship the merits and value of the
Burgher Force of this Colony, Near two thousand on this
occasion have been in the field for seven months, mounted and
equipped at their own expense, and. without pay, and having
found themselves in six months provisions. They have in this

Records of the Cape Colony. 341

time lost near | of their horses, and have submitted to every
privation, even to the want of shoes and clothes, without a
murmur. Their respective Commanders have fulfilled their duties
with unexampled perseverance, but no praise which I could bestow
would describe the merit of Mr. Landdrost Stockenstrom, who on
every occasion has led his men on with the greatest activity,
courage, and foresight, and to whose knowledge of the country the
officer commanding has been greatly indebted. It would likewise
be highly unjust if I dosed this dispatch without calling your
Lordship's attention to the merits of Brevet Lieut Colonel
Willshire of the 38th Eegt., who has had the command of the
Force employed here since March last, and whose zeal and
attention have been highly satisfactory to me throughout the
whole operations. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Enclosure.]

Establishment of the Colonial Corps,
1 Major, Commandant.
6 Captains

2 Cavalry
4 Infantry.

6 Lieutenants | . t ^ J

[ 4 Infantry.

2 Cornets.

4 Ensigns.

1 Adjutant with the rank of Ensign.

1 Paymaster.

1 Quartermaster.

1 Surgeon.

1 Begimental Sergeant Major.

17 Sergeants I ^ ^

° 12 Infantry.

4.00 Privates I ^^^ Cavalry

I 288 Infantry, 200 of the Infantry to be mounted.

2 Trumpeters, Cavahy,
8 Buglers, Infantry,

2 Farriers.

342 Records of the Cape Colony*

[Cape Gazette.]

Intelligence from the Camp on the Gwanga, dated

15th October 1819.

His Excellency the Governor, accompanied by Lieut. Colonel
Bird, Major HoUoway, Capt. Trappes, and Capt. Somerset, left
Graham's Town on the 12th October, and having been joined by
Lieut. Colonel Willshire on the Commetjes Hill, proceeded to
inspect the Forests of the Fish Eiver and the Banks of the
Chumie and Keiskamma, and arrived at the Camp on the Gwanga
on the 14th instant.

His Excellency lost no time in inviting Gaika and the Cafire
Chiefs, who had been some time in expectation of his coming, to a
conference, for the purpose of discussing and adjusting the future
state of the relations of the Caffre people with the Colony. Gaika,
attended by his son Groma, and by the subordinate Chiefs Botman
and Enno, hastened to obey the Summons ; he was also accom-
panied by Congo, Habana, and Garetta, who had, on delivering
themselves up to the OflScer commanding on the Frontier,
declared their sorrow for the part they had taken against the
Colony and against Gkdka, and had requested to be received into
the favor of that Chief.

After the usual friendly salutation, the conference commenced ;
Hermanns and Platje being Gaika's Interpreters. His Excellency
called Gkika's attention to the circumstances which brought Hia
Lordship to the Frontiers; Gaika had solicited the aid of the
Colony against TSambie, who had driven him from his posses-
sions, and had carried off his finest herds ; His Excellency had, in
consequence, assembled the Colonial Force from its most distant
parts; he had entered CaflTreland under the most unfavorable
circumstances, from the dreadful severity of the weather, and from
the state of the Bivers ; that notwithstanding these obstacles, he
had driven TSambie and his adherents out of the Country; be
had pursued him to Hinza's Territories ; had on its borders
dispersed his Force, had compelled him to abandon CaG&aria
altogether, and to save hia life by becoming an exile and outcast
in Countries unknown.

By these operations. His Excellency had not only replaced
Gaika in all the Country of which he had been derived, but by

Records of the Cape Colony. 343

shewing TSambie's Adherents, that the Fastnesses of thei Forests
iato which they had retired, no longer afforded the security which
they formerly experienced, had induced the Chiefs then present,
to submit to Gaika's authority, excepting whichi no other would
hereafter be recognised between the ColoAial Border and (he
Buffalo Biver. His Excellency had moieover induced Hinza tQ
vow permanent friendship to Gaika, and thus had completely fid-
filled his intention of affording to Gaika efficiei^t succour^ and of
replacing him in a far better situation than he had eye]r y^ been.
Gaika acknowledged in the most impressive manner his obligationa
to His Excellency, whose effoits, by the favour of God, had been
crowned with complete success, and he prayed that Heavein might
be equally propitious to His Excellency's endeavpuis for tha
prosperity of the Colony ; he said, that the Chiefs Congo, Habanai
and Gfiretta, had heard His Excellency's sentiments, and would
speak for themselves on the subject. They were then separately
asked to make their declarations, upon which Congo said, he had
always been, by rij^ht, subordinate to Gaika, but residing neay
*TSambie, who was more powerful, he had submitted to circum-
stances, and joined him ; that hei\cefo^^warf, howeveis he should
consider himself solely subject to Gaika, and would most solemnly
promise to maintain the strictest allegiance, to him ; Habwc^ and
Garetta made similar declarations, OiUd stated, that they had
remained in the Forests, as considering Gaika's arrival in Camp^
the fittest time for tendering their submission to him ; they were,
in reply, informed, that it was to their having so acted, that they
were indebted for their reconciliation with His Excellency, as it
had been intended, in the event of their hesitation on thU point,
to have sent them to join Lynx at a small rocky Island near th^
Cape.

His Excellency further explained to Gaika^ that it appeared
impracticable to secure the repose of the Colony, sq long as Caffres
could have access to the Forests near the Fish Kiver, and that, consor
quently, it would be necessai-y that the Fish Eiver should no longer
be considered the limits. It was, therefore finally arranged, that
the Chumie Waters should be the Division henceforward ; that is^
that the left Bank of the Chumie, to where it joins the Keiskamma.
shall be the Boundary which the Catlires shall not pass, and the
Keiskamma from thence to the Sea, and the Eidge of the Kat
.River Hills. to where th§y join the Chain of the Wjnt^rbergen, shall

S44 Records of the Cape Colony.

be tho Line of Demarcation from the spot at which that Ridge
touches the Chumie, so that the Waters that fall from that Bidge
into the Chumie shall belong to Gaika, and those which fall into
the Kat Biver, shall appertain to the Colony.

It was agreed, that the Females of Congo's Kraals should have
liberty for one month, to fetch away the Cafifre Com which is
deposited in the Kraals of that Chief, or in those of Lynx^ Habana,
and Garetta, or for a longer period, if the Officer Commanding
should find that they employ themselves diligently for that object;
and it was further settled, tJiat G^ika's People should move from
the Kakaberg, beyond the new line of Demarcation, on the next
Full Moon (Nov. 2nd). After that date, it is intended, that the
Force under lieut.-Colonel Willshire, shall scour the Country
between the old line of the Fish Eiver, and the new Line, and
destroy every vestige of Ejraal. It has been further determined,
that strong Military Posts shall be established between the
Keiskamma and the Fish Biver, to prevent the future occupation
of the Ceded Territory by any petty Chieftain.

Gaika expressed a wish, tiiiat a Successor to the late Mr.
Williams should be sent to him as soon as possible, and, that a
Person capable of maintaining a correspondence, on his part, with
the Colonial Government, should likewise be placed with him.
Thus, it is now to be hoped, that the Boundary being completely
freed from Caflfres, repose and security will be the results of the
late Military Operations ; results which will best reward the noble
and patriotic exertions of our brave Comrades. .

His Excellency, on the 15th, assembled the several Com-
mandants at his Head Quarters on the Gwanga;. and, after
thanking them, in appropriate terms, for their respective exertions
under circumstances of the severest difficulty, he notified to them
his intention of dismissing gradually the Commandos, retaining
only 12 men in every hundred, until such time as Gaika should
be settled behind the Chumie and Keiskamma. In the meantime,
the Officer Commanding on the Frontier, to whose indefatigable
attention His Excellency has not failed to give its due meed of
praise, has been directed to establish two strong permanent Posts,
at positions fixed by His Excellency, between the spot where tho
Chumie joins the Keiskamma and the Gwanga, for the purpose of
finally compelling such Caf&es as might attempt to repass the
Fish Biver Forests, to confine themselves to the Limits, which

Records of the Cape Colony. 345

their Chiefs have agreed to consider as the future Boundary of
their Territory.

[Original.]
Letter from Mb. John Bailib to Hknby Goulburn, Esqbe.

7 MANOHKflTKB BuiLDnroB, WisTMiKBTBB, IQIh October 1819.

Sib, — I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your
letter of the 14th Instant, conveying to me Earl Bathurst's
opinion that I should provide adequate medical attendance for the
large proportion of individuals composing my party during the
voyage, and directing me to state to you the measures which I
might adopt for that purpose. Fully impressed with the import-
ance of Earl Bathurst's suggestion I have the honour to acquaint
you that I have engaged Daniel O'Flinn, Physician and Surgeon,
and Edward Boberts, Surgeon, to accompany my party in their
professional capacity should it meet your approbation. From my
personal acquaintance with Mr. O'Flinn I am enabled to bear
testimony to his humanity, and the testimonials which he can
produce will I trust be found unexceptionable. Mr. Eoberts is
a pupil of Mr. Hay of Leeds and is a member of the Eoyal
'College of Surgeons.

In reference to the concluding paragraph of your letter, I beg
leave to state that the delay in transmitting my returns is
occasioned by the' distance of the residences of my numerous
country settlers, but I trust I shall be enabled to complete them
on the 18th Instant. I have &c.

(Signed) John Bailie.

[Copy.]

Hxtrads from a Letter from Lobd Chables Somebset to Lieu-
tenant Colonel Willshibe, Commanding Frontier Districts.

Gbabam^b Towv, OeUher lllh 1819.

The enclosed return will shew the detail of the Force which is
now placed under your command, amounting altogether to 1775
Bank and tie, but as it will be requisite that I should take the

346 Secords of the Cape Colony.

earliest opportunity of sending the Eoyal African Corps to England
to be disbanded, according to the orders I have received from His
Majest/s ministers, which will reduce the number to 1219, 1 have
decided upon augmenting the Cavalry and Infantry of the Cape
Begiment, the former to 120 Bank and file and the latter to 300
Bank and file, which will leave the permanent force of the
Frontier at 1423 Bank and file, of which 120 will be regular
Cavalry, and 200 mounted Infantry out of the 300 of which the
Cape Infantry will be composed.

Experience has shewn that no number of Military Posts are
effectual for preventing the Inroads and Depredations of the CaiBfer
People upon the Colony, so long as that people have it in their
power to establish themselves upon the confines of our Territory,
and possess the Forests of the Fish Biver to secrete their Plunder
in, till opportunity oflfers of driving oflf the stolen herds to the
Savage Hordes in the rear, who gladly receive and conceal them ;
in the arrangement therefore which I have lately come to with
the chief Gaika, it was agreed that the Keiskamma from the sea to
where the Chumie falls into it, and the ridge of the Cat river hills
from the Winterbergen to where they touch upon the Chumie
shall henceforward bound the CafiTers on our side, so that no
kraals shall remain on the ceded Line, no hunting be allowed,
and no grazing be claimed in future within it. To see to the
due execution of this agreement is the first object which you are
now to attend to ; to preserve the agreement from infraction, the
ultimate one.

By the occupation of strong permanent Posts in the heart of the
ceded country, containing each a force sufficient for aggression, it
is not to be doubted but that Gaika and his subordinate chiefs
m^y be controlled ; it has been agreed that as soon as the next
full moon arrives Gaika and his people shall move firom the
Kakaberg behind the Chumie.

It will be essential previous to your withdrawing the Troops
(with the exception of those to be permanently stationed at the
Posts just spoken of) from the ceded country, that you seek an
interview with Gaika, and inform him that as he is now the
recognized chief of all the country between the Colonial Boundary
and Hinza's Territories, it is from him that the Colonial Govern-
ment will exact satisfaction, if depredations are neveitheless com-
mitted in the Colony, and that a force sufficiei^t for the object will

Baaarcb ^^f fUe Ci» 5<ii<iif 'S^

tlmeftBA k viH mt avail rrii^ ir ve'^ tok iis^ .ndonr sam^ or
sac aCGEBii to ids injunEtunn^ In imr naoruL HiSK 'vr imuc aox
whitk id dKBL it is that fsmtnnuiiF *lf lifiiiidgr Im . liiidmn^. vmk
ft qoHDijr erf* GHCdtt oinaiL tB 'viiac joe- Man. jflC 'vdL ik
the defradbfiHs ood tlifr paceas jniiMHimr ^?i>t ^snaHniMg^

Tos. win be pbaoecL t2i sr^ "as r^asr gimnwranMigr
the two PoBBB thft !«iii'affjJMt: arofls idr lue ^nndBBBSt 4S0f a^sb^ •lie
moec i^^ militarpr iHm^rirMMf^ «r ^mc r?- ac »^m£ <r i«4MM^
the Poat mCfTBionrf gb am TMoift ueL 'k cnam^BBMcl Tac wiH
poiBC 4MS tti hioL G&I& zufiOBflBirT of tosm^ mnBaasDZiy
agmM^ a Wily ywpljff- Tm: wdZ fijrnic in Hie
the «iiiMii«iiii« of aa::?^ X.a&r juak or iamak mmr 40x7 pras^noe
wfaafiew witshor G&& wnnks. Ton wdT dinKC irooiiom pMrajes -^
be mailr fircnL ck& <]f TaKse Posts, wic inaii uoSar drift. «M poiiiL
oat tbe »**»-**— HL wniifn. zue^ wpe U' «3oiir ibe £a^ ^ tvoHanr. ^md
to ^t^M-^-g- ami Gi&sr eaoie uok ito iamu or eoizieiBem iif CafioR W
widiiiL c&ie: '9Bd»c limiifi. Tbe Pitizvuds ^dL carcf uUt wa»dh
my fioBE ase maw m, xd^n in tti« Fi^ Iliviir Foncttfi, «&d
diJj^eBtlj' a»£ caaciDOBhr iccomioiaK if auj be pero^ved.

Ihe gTBfafttr ^«g=»»«^^«> rnnai be ^ven as aoan as cLtcqiikM&oqb
win '*^***^ to ffeamKg aatd acoeksatiog conmimtGaQQe £nain tbe
neaieal USiissBj Pob&b in the Cdanr, \ri£. from De £niui*s» Caffar
dnf^ aoBd «i;sdaaii'£ Toim, witii xhe new Posts.

Ib the civvEi rf itB baonminp BooaBBanr wain to aot t^fiansi^r

tke GafiBR, tbe faroe ehonld aaaemfak ax one or ot^Msr x£
tike aew FsetE, wbcae stoRS should be }iroTided and kept lead j
for cadh taaoi^naiey ; in sndi cases it is to be snf^ooed tlmt br
tnaHparlty aiwpinfaling the mounted men from the two Posts, and
tike Caj^ilrr from Giaham's Town, a foroe efficient for pniposea
wlddk anj oocnr will be collected, but if it should not be deemed
ao, jum are bcsrebj authodaed to apply to the Lauddrosts of GiaaiT
aiad Uitenhage for the aid of mounted fiui^ghers, an aid
they will then be directed to afford, but whioh should only
tfM^uixtid in cases of great emeigency.

348 Secords of the Cape Colotty.

[Original.]
letter from Henhy Ellis, Esqre., to Henry GtotJLBUBN, EsQM.

GaJPb Town, 19<^ Ockber 1819.

Dear Goulburk, — ^I enclose the precis of News from the
Frontier which I teceived by the post of last night from Lord
Charles for insertion in otir Gazette. You will see with satis-
faction that the Military operations are at an end, and that our
Militia will be able to return to their farms, where they are
dreadfully wanted, their protracted absence having already led to
much individual distress, and being likely if continued to produce
pubUc embarrassment.

The Burghers of this Colony certainly constitute an admirable
description of force as against the Caffers, and in the present want
of regular Cavalry have been the great means of clearing our
frontier. Their character however is already so violent, and their
habits so barbaric, that I view with regret any occurrence which
assembles them in a military capacity. I do not like that they
should count their own array, or retain the impression, which
their late successes must to a certain degree have produced, that
the defence of the Colony has been mainly and can hereafter be
entirely achieved by themselves. They still consider us as
foreigners and conquerors, and a trifling want of temper or
conduct in a public authority might produce insurrection. With
these feelings I look to the separation of the Commando (as the
expedition is locally called) with satisfaction. I never wish to
see a Burgher use his rifle for any other purpose but shooting a
buck. My opinion of the course to be followed consequent upon
the late successes is that we should not go too far in treating with
our savage neighbours, nor for immediate convenience encourage
the concentration of the hordes under fewer chiefs. There can be
no real difference in the character and habits of a Graika or a
Tsambie, they are both savages, herdsmen, and hunters, who
prefer plunder to industry, and only submit while the scourge is
held over them.

Let us by advancing our frontier place the thickets immediately
bordering on the Colony in our rear, and having thus a narrower
line to defend, and an open country in our front, the assemblage of
any number of Kaflers may be rendered almost impossible* This

Records of the Cape Colony. 349

advance will bring us to the Keiskamma, and place within the
Colony tracts of highly improveable land. I much fear that the
discovery of a safe landing place to the Eastward becomes more
doubtful, and from the accounts which I have received, the
weather on the coast is more tempestuous than in any other part
of the world.

I have this moment seen the Circular respectmg Emigintion to
the Cape, issued subsequent to the grant of £50,000, and approve
of the provisions which it contains. There is here land enough,
and if the Settlers are enabled to grow enough com for their
maintenance the object in view, as far as relates to the home
interest, will have been effectual, that is a portion of the redundant
population will have been provided for. The only point upon
which I entertain any doubt is whether too great a facility is not
given, by the smallness of the deposit required, to the sending
out of children under 14. Parishes might find it convenient to
get rid of families likely to become burthensome from the number
of children, by shipping them to the Cape, even at the expense of
a pecuniary sacrifice. Suppose the case of an able bodied labourer
with a wife of undiminished fecundity and six children under 14
years of age, landing at the Cape, having made the regulated
deposit, amounting in this case to £20, a third of the sum
advanced would do little towards immediately supplying himself
and family with necessaries. The grant of 100 acres to a man in
this situation is useless, all he requires is employment. Were he
not burthened with so large a family, the wages of his labor might
maintain him, but as things are, he and they must appeal to the
humane part of society for assistance. Thus the poor house would
be transferred, with this disadvantage that pauperism would be
sent to prey upon poverty.

I am aware that in America families often proceed on foot in
search of land to the back settlements, but it must be recollected
that there, as soon as the settler cultivates beyond the mere con-
sumption of his family, a market is readily found for the surplus
produce. This would not be the case here, and therefore capital
from not being so productive is less likely to be employed in
agriculture and to afford immediate employment to the labourer..
Should the intended emigration take place to any extent and
realise itself in permanent establishment, the growth of an
English population will form a security against the danger pointed

350 Beeords of the Cape Colony.

out in the former part of this letter ; our English Burghers would
no doubt equal their Dutch fellow Colonists in courage, and would
liave stronger motives for loyalty to the paramount, which to them
would be the mother country.

I hope in my next letter to be enabled to offer some information
upon the subject of emigration hither, at present I write with the
ring of the postman's bell in my ear, and beg that yon will excuse
the want of arrangement, and perhaps inaccuracy of the observa-
tions which I have made.

The Governor expects to return by the 25th. I tntst that the
rumors of disturbances in London which have n^ached us will
prove unfounded. I remain &c.

(Signed) Henry Ellis.

22nd October,

I also enclose a copy of the Instructions which have been sent to
the officer commanding at Robben Island where our prisoner the
Caffre Lynx has been deposited.

Since I closed my letter of the 19th the dispatches by the
Menai have arrived. I am inclined to think that the urgent con-
sideration of his daughter's health, more especially under the
augmented danger of remaining the summer months in Cape
Town, will compel Lord Charles to avail himself without delay
of the leave of absence, and he will no doubt feel less hesitation
in consequence of the command devolving upon an officer of
General Donkin's rank, which will set all colonial jealousies at
rest. The General, altho' now broken down by affliction at the
loss of his wife, is a man of information, and as far as military
affairs go, of habits of business. The accident therefore of the
General being here I consider fortunate. Lord Charles will arrive
by the end of next week, and I have sent an express in the hope
of catching him at Algoa Bay, that he may have his mind made
up before he sees General Donkin, who is privately informed by
Torrens of his appointment, with which he is of course much
gratified.

The dispatch respecting the intended emigration provides most
completely for all reasonable contingencies, and the supply of
rations meets the chief difficulty with which settlers will at first
have to contend. When I wrote on the 19th I was not sufficiently
aware of the determination of Government to enter into engage-

Beeards of the Cape Colony. 351

ments with none but the Directors. This is pro tanto a security
against the occurrence of the case put by me in that letter, I do
however still think that with respect to Parishes, it is not without
importance, and should be inclined tx) have laid the higher deposit
upon the children under 14 years. Algoa Bay will no doubt be
the point on the Coast to which the vessels generally will have to
proceed, there is a scarcity of &esh water at Saldanha Bay, and
settlement there is on the spot treated with ridicule. As the
Eastern Coast is so difficult of access, and the weather so
tempestuous, the masters of those vessels should be good seamen,
and the vessels themselves strong, well found, and I should at a
venture say from two to three hundred tons. Should the emigra-
tion proceed to the extent of forming an English district in the
interior, some modification of the Colonial Laws will be required,
which are in many points founded upon principles abhorrent to
English practice ; and should the Directors be persons of capital,
I know of no circumstance more likely to excite disgust than
being subject to what they would call, judicial oppression.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr, John Bailie to Earl Bathurst.

7 Makcbesteb BuiLDiiTOfl, Wkstuikster, 2\ti Odober 1819.

My Lord, — ^I have the honour to transmit to your Lordship
the return of my party as required by Mr. Goulbum's letter of
the 30th XJltimo.

The Deposit money, amounting to £1,230, is ready to be .paid
whenever your Lordship may honour me with your commands
to that effect.

In the selection of my settlers, I have been particularly attentive
to chacACter as well as ability, and have assembled artisans of
nearly every description, besides thirty farmers.

I have also the honour to transmit for your Lordship's informa-
tion copies of the Articles of Agreement between myself and the
persons composing my party, which I hope will meet your
approbation. I have &c.

(Signed) John Bailie.

352 Recm^ds of the Cape Colony.

[Enclosure in the above.]

Articles of Agreement made this 6th day of October, 1819,
between John Bailie, of Manchester Buildings, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, Esq., of the one part, and the
several other Persons whose names are hereunder written, of
the other part.

Whereas the said John Bailie hath proposed to the Government
of Great Britain^ to take a party of One Hundred able bodied
Settlers with their Families to the Cape of Good Hope. And
whereas His Majesty's Government have accepted of such pro-
posal of the said John Bailie, and propose and intend to make
to the said John Bailie, a Grant of Land, to be assigned to him
on his arrival at the said Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, in
conformity with the regulations laid down by his Majesty's Go-
vernment. And, whereas, the several Persons whose hands and
names are hereunder written, have severally and respectively
agreed to and with the said John Bailie, to proceed with him
to the said intended Settlement in the Colony of the Cape of Good
Hope, upon the terms, conditions, and stipulations hereinafter
expressed and contained :

I. That he, the said John Bailie, his Heirs, Executors, or
Administrators, shall and will distribute to each of the under-
signed Persons, parties hereto of the second part, their Wives
or Children, an allotment of Land of the measurement of Fifty
Acres, being part of the grant or grants of Land which he' the said
John Bailie shall or may receive from his Majesty's Government,
such several allotments to be subject to a proportional share
of the quit-rent. Taxes, and other charges imposed or to be
imposed thereon by His Majesty's Government for the time
being of the said Colony. And it is hereby mutually agreed
between all the said Parties hereto that the said several allot-
ments of Land so to be made by the said John Bailie, to the
several other Persons parties hereto, shall be laid out by him the
said John Bailie, in one or more Towns or Villages as the position
or form of the Land so to be granted to him the said John Bailie,
by His Majesty's Government, may require, or admit of, for the
more convenient location, and for the benefit and safety of all the
Parties hereto.

Records of the Cape Colony. 353

II. That such Town or Towns, Village or Villages (should
it be so found necessary) shall each contain a Church, or place
of Public Worship, a HaU to be sub-divided into whatever Booms
or Compartments the circumstances of such Town or Village may
require, and a space of Ground not less than Ten Acres as a place
of Becreation and for a Market.

III. That the Ground required to be employed for the above-
mentioned pubUc purposes, and for such Streets and Beads as
may be required for the convenience of such Towns or Villages
as may be laid jDut, shall be in deduction from the allotment
of Land to be made by the said John Bailie to the said
undersigned Persons rateably and in proportion to their several
allotments.

IV. That the undersigned Persons bind themselves each for
himself, his Wife, Children, Family, and Dependants, unto the
said John Bailie, his Heirs, Executors, or Administrators, to
guarantee and indemnify him the said John Bailie for all and
every expence he, the said John Bailie, shall incur, sustain, or be
put unto, on account of, or for the Maintenance, Clothing, or
Transport of the said undersigned Persons, their Wives, Children,
Families, and Dependants; and generally for their Armament
and Equipment, whensoeveir or wheresoever ; the respective allot-
ments of Land which may have been made to the said undersigned
Parties hereto of the second part, by the said John Bailie, being
chargeable with all such expences, and revertible to the said John
Bailie in case of failure of such Guarantee and Indemnity.

V. That the undersigned Persons do hereby bind themselves
severally and respectively to assist each other, and all the Party,
in labour in whatever way they can severally and respectively
be rendered most serviceable and available until the Public Works
herein before mentioned shall be fully completed; a House or
Hut be erected and buUt for each and every one of the Parties
hereto, the said Houses or Huts to be erected and built of equal
dimensions, and four Acres of Land to be cleared and fenced for
each of the Parties hereto, and a Fold therein made, calculated
to shelter the Cattle of each of the undersigned, and shall and
will also assist each other in digging such Wells as may be found
requisite for supplying suflBlcient quantities of Water for the use
of all the Parties hereto.

VI. It is hereby further mutually agreed, by and between the
xn. 2 A

354 Records of the Cape Cohmf.

several Persons parties hereto, of the second part, and the said
John Bailie, that if they, or any or either of them, shall, or da
neglect, or refuse to comply with the stipulations and conditions
contained in the above recited Fifth Article, he or they so refusing
to comply therewith shall forfeit and pay the sum of £20 British
sterling or such sum in the currency of the Colony as may be
of equal value, and also that he or they so offending shall be
deprived of the gratuitous services of the other and others of the
Parties hereto, in building, clearing, and fencing, his, her, or their
allotments, and shall also be deprived of the use of the common
stock of Tools, Implements, and Library. And further, that
should the Parties or Party so offending not be possessed of such
pecuniary means as will enable them to pay such forfeiture
of £20 British sterling, then he or they so offending shall respec-
tively forfeit in lieu thereof a certain portion of their allotment
of Land, not more than Twenty Acres, nor less than Ten Acres, to
be taken from his or their respective Allotments, such forfeiture
to be adjudged by the finding and award of a Jury to be composed
of twelve of the undersigned Parties hereto of the second part,
to be selected and appointed by lot.

VII. And, whereas, it is necessary for the preservation of good
order and moral and industrious habits, that Shops, or Stores,
or Houses, or Booths, of whatsoever description, whether errant
or stationary, be totally prohibited from selling, retailing, or
serving out, in any shape or quantity whatsoever. Spirituous
Liquors of all and every denomination within the il^ecincts.
Boundaries, Limits, and Premises, of the Grant of Land which
may be made by His Majesty's Government to the said John
Bailie, for himself, or for the use and benefit of the aforesaid
undersigned Parties hereto of the second part, such prohibition
to be enforced by the forfeiture of the Stock or quantity of
Spirituous Liquors which shall or may be found in the possession
of either of the said Parties, which Spirits so to be found in the
possession of either of the said Parties for the Purposes of sale
shall be poured out and scattered on the Earth, and a forfeiture
of £100 colonial currency (if such currency shall exist) or £50
British sterling, shall be incurred and levied for every such
offence, or failing the pecuniary means of the Party or Parties
so offending, such other forfeiture of Land shall be incurred as
may be ordered by the finding and award of a Jury of twelve

Records of the Cape Colony, 355

of the Parties hereto of the second part, to be selected and
appointed by lot.

YIII. And whereas it is repagnant to the feelings of humanity
and contrary to the principles in which all Englishmen have been
reared, to tolerate or admit of slavery, therefore it is hereby
mutually and respectively agreed between all the Parties hereto,
that any, or either of them, shall not nor will either directly
or indirectly be concerned in the purchase or emplojnoaent of
Slaves within the Precincts, Boundaries, and limits of the
Premises of all and every the Grant or Grants of Land which
may be made by His Majesty's Government to the aforesaid
John Bailie, for himself, or for the use and benefit of the other
Parties hereto, under the penalty of the restoration to liberty
of the Slave or Slaves so to be found in the possession of any
or either of the Parties hereto, their Heirs, Executors, Adminis-
trators, or Assigns. And further, a penalty shall be paid by the
Party or Parties so offending, of a sum of Money equal to the
value of the Slave or Slaves so to be found in his, her, or their
possession,

IX That all forfeitures and Penalties hereby imposed, whether
in Money, Land, or otherwise, shall be paid and received for the
benefit of the Fund of the Town or Village where the offence
or offences may have been committed, or which may have
occasioned the infliction of such forfeitures.

X. And it is hereby further mutually agreed by and between
all the Parties to these presents, that in consideration of the great
trouble which he, the said John Bailie, hath been at in the forma-
tion of this Society, and in consequence of the reliance which
the Parties hereto of the second part, have and repose in his
judgment for the regulation and formation of such Settlement
as may be formed for their mutual benefit and advantage, it is
hereby agreed that the said John Bailie shall reserve to himself
the sole direction of the intended Settlement, and the nomination
of such Committee or Committees of Management as he may
deem necessary to assist him in the superintendance of the same
and also the nomination to such vacancies as shall or may occur
from time to time in such Committee or Committees, and generally
everything appertaining thereto.

XI. It is hereby fully understood and agreed that these Articles
can only be of force and available, in as much as they may be

2 A 2

356 Records of the Cape Colony,

found in conformity with the existing Laws in the Colony or
Settlement, or with such Laws as may in future be established
and enacted in the Colony or Settlement in which it may please
His Majesty's Government to locate the undersigned Parties
hereto, and in as far as these Articles of Agreement may meet
the approbation of His Majesty's Government.

[Original.]
Letter from Mb. James G. Jackson to Earl Bathurst.

GiBous, America Square, 23r(2 October 1819.

My Lord, — I beg leave moat respectfully to request the honor
of an interview with your Lordship for the purpose of laying before
you a plan, (not a visionary or theoretical one but founded on
practical experience derived from a constant residence of upwards
of 17 years in Africa, and in a country resembling that of the Cape
of Good Hope, in Latitude, in Climate, and in Soils), which will
demonstrate to your Lordship's discriminating judgment the in-
calculable advantages to be derived from the importation at the
Cape, and cultivation of, certain valuable plants and seeds,
hitherto unknown in South Africa, but which are perfectly con-
genial to that climate and soil !

The produce, to be justly and reasonably anticipated from the
successful cultivation of these useful and valuable plants and
seeds, would encrease His Majesty's resources, by transferring in
a few years from the Treasury of Morocco to that of Great Britain,
incalculable sums of money heretofore and now paid by British
and other merchants to the Emperor of Morocco, in duties or
customs on the exportation of the produce of the plants above
alluded to, all which are essential in our manufactories, and which
duties in the ports of Morocco, amount to one third, two thirds,
or one half of their original cost in West and South Barbary.

The extensive commercial intercourse which I have had, during
a long residence in West and in South Barbary, the experience
which I have necessarily derived from my observations on the
soil and produce, during my various journies through every part
of that Empire, my knowledge and experience in neg(Dciating with
the Emperor, having been remarkably successful in all my negocia-

Records of the Cape Colony. 357

tions with him, with his father, and brothers who preceded him,
give me just reason (without presumption) to suppose, that my
knowledge of the language, the people, their manners juid customs,
and mode of transacting business with them, would enable me to
procure all the plants and seeds required, in order to pursue, with
advantage, the agricultural pljui which I flatter myseK, (for the
good of my country) I shall have an opportunity of submitting to
your Lordship. With the highest respect &c.

(Signed) James G. Jackson.

[Copy.]

Letter from HSNRT GoULBUBN, EsQRE., to
Lord Charles Somerset.

London, 2Sth October 1819.

My Lord, — This letter will be delivered to your Lordship by
Messrs. Greo. Wilkinson and John Morton who are proceeding to
the Cape of Good Hope, with the persons named in the enclosed
Eetum, with the view of settling in that Colony.

I have received Earl Bathurst's directions to desire that your
Lordship will cause a Grant of Land to be made to Messrs.
Wilkinson and Morton at the rate of one hundred Acres for every
male person on their List above eighteen years of age.

I have further to acquaint your Lordship that Earl Baihurst
has consented to make some allowance to Messrs. Wilkinson and
Morton in reimbursement of their expences in conveying them-
selves and their party to the Cape, and I am therefore desired
to request that your Lordship will issue to these persons a sum
not exceeding twelve pounds sterling for every male and female
above fourteen years of age and at the rate of eight pounds for
every individual under that age, named in the List, whom they
shall land at the Cape ; and your Lordship will be pleased to draw
on the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury for the money
required to cover this advance. I have &c.

(Signed) Henry Goulburn.

358 Records of the Cape Colony,

[Office Copy.]

Letter from Henry Goulburn, Esqre., to
Lord Charles Somerset.

London, 20th Oekber 1819.

My Lord, — Mr. John Leigh junior of the City of London has
made Application to Earl Bathurst to receive a grant of land.
Tinder the usual Conditions, for a certain Number of able bodied
settlers whom he would undertake to send to the Cape of Good
Hope at his own expence, under the superintendance of competent
persons who would be responsible that none of the settlers should
become a burthen on the Colony.

In conformity with this Application Mr. John Leigh has trans-
mitted to Earl Bathurst a list of twenty families who are pro-
ceeding to the Cape of Good Hope imder the direction of Lieut
Nightingale of the Eoyal Navy and of Mr. Thomas Bowyer, and
I have received Earl Bathurst's directions to request that your
Lordship would order a grant of land to be made to Mr. John
Leigh at the rate of one hundred Acres for every able bodied
Settler included in the List herewith enclosed. I have &c.

(Signed) Henry Goulburn.

[Office Copy.]
Scheme of Urnbarkation.

From London : Parties under Bailie, Clarke, Carlisle, Colling,
Crause, Damant, Dalgaims, Dixon, Dyason, Erith, Howard,
Morgan, Mahony, Mandy, Mills, Owen, Pigot, Pringle, Eowles,
Scott, Smith, Tiurvey, Wait, Willson, and Parker.

From Portsmouth: Parties under Bowker, Biggar, Campbell,
Ford, Hawkins, Hyman, James, Osier, and Parkin.

From Bristol : Parties under Greathead, Holder, and Southey.

From Liverpool: Parties under Gardner, Griffith, Hay hurst,
Jiversage, Mouncey, Neave, Eichardson, Smith (G.), Stanley,
Wainwright, White, Calton, and Phillipps.

From Downs : Parties under Gumey and Menezes.

Jlecords of the Cape Colony, 359

Fkom Crobiarty : Party under Grant.

From Cork: Parties under Butler, Ingram, Parker, and
Synnot.

81 October 1819.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. Edward Damant to Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

Fakenham, Srd November 1819.

Sir, — Having settled for the passage of myself and people going
out to the Cape of Good Hope, and obtained the receipt from the
Commissariat Department, I take the liberty to request that you
will have the goodness to inform me the name of the ship and the
day the people must be at Deptford to embark, as it will take
some time to collect them together.

Mr. Woodhouse, the member for this County, promised to write
to you to request permission of Government to allow me the
privilege of taking out with me a breeding horse with a Devon
bull or two, and as he is at present from home, I trust you'll
excuse my troubling you to inform me if that request is granted
or not.

In anxious expectation of an early answer. I have &c.

(Signed) Edwd. Damant.

[Original.]
Letter from Lieut. W. Gilfillan to Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

BiGSNT Stbebt, Webtionsteb, ^th November 1819.

Sir, — ^Having served for many years in the Frontier of the Cape
of Good Hope as an Officer in the Army, since which I have been
placed on half pay, and being desirous of returning to the Cape to
settle in the Interior for which my funds are altogether inadequate
I beg you may be graciously pleased to grant me a passage with
the settlers now on the point of going. I have &c.

(Signed) W. Gilfillan,

H. P. Lieutenant 60th Eegt.

360 Records of the Cape Colony.

[Original.]
Lett^ from Me. Pbtek Campbell to Earl Bathuest.

Lambeth Butts, Sxtbbey, November Wi 1819.

My Lord, — I am one of those proceeding as colonists to the
Cape of Good Hope. A few days ago I had the honor of ad-
dressing a note to your Lordship stating the outlines of my
certificates of qualifications as a surgeon, man-midwife, and
chemist, and I now most respectfully beg leave to submit to
your Lordship's consideration the inclosed testimonial of character
which I trust may operate in my favour should a vacancy for
a surgeon exist in any of the transports proceeding to the in-
tended colony.

Your Lordship's condescension to confer this favor might
materially serve me, as I have a heavy family, and such an
appointment would afford me an early opportunity of introducing
myself professionally to a portion of the settlers.

In conclusion, my Lord, I beg leave to request that this docu-
ment may be returned, as it may probably be of service to me on
a future occasion. I have &o.

(Signed) Peter Campbell.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

LoiOWN, 6t^ November 1819.

My Lord, — ^As the nature and extent of the preliminary arrange-
ments to be made in the Colony for the reception of emigrants
from Great Britain will be materially influenced by the numbers
for whom such provision is to be made, I take the earliest Oppor-
tunity of communicating to your Lordship am Abstract Return of
the numbers of those who have, under the regulations already
communicated to you, obtained permission from His Majesty's
Government to proceed to the Cape.

As it is most important with a view to the comfortable Settle-
ment of those persons that they should arrive at the Commence-
ment of the Planting Season, you may confidently look to the

Records of the Cape Colony. 361

Arrival of them all by the 1st of March 1820 ; Some of them
indeed may be expected at an earlier period, as the embarkation
of the Settlers will commence at the end of the present or the
beginning of the ensning Month, and be continued as the several
parties are ready to avail themselves of the conveyance provided.

Your Lordship will observe that some individuals take under
their charge very considerable parties of Settlers, and are in con-
sequence provided with a Minister of the Beligious persuasion
which they profess, for whom the Government have engaged to
make a competent provision. You will therefore consider yourseK
authorised in making to each such Minister an adequate allowance
for his decent Support, and in every grant of land made to large
bodies of Settlers, you will assign an adequate grant as glebe, and
will further reserve particular portions for the Crown, with a view
of deriving from them hereafter the means of maintaining the
Clergy.

It appears to me advisable that the Settlers proceeding from the
three parts of the United Kingdom should be separately located,
not indeed in small parties, or at such a distance from each other
as to encrease their difficulties, but yet sufficiently distinct to
guard against all interference and dispute on the part of others
whose habits, tastes and Manners are extremely different. The
Highland Families who proceed with Captain Grant are particu-
larly desirous not to be mixed with any others, and as they speak
a distinct language, as there is every probability of their being
followed by many of their friends and countrymen hereafter, and
as they have requested to be placed as near to the Frontier as
possible, I am most anxious that a Separation which would in all
Cases be advantageous, should in this instance be particularly
attended to.

I would suggest to your Lordship that the large bodies of
Settlers thus separated should be made the founders of Villages,
and that the smaller parties should be placed on lands adjoining
to one or the other according to their particular Circumstances.
For as the larger parties are all accompanied by a Minister of
Beligion, by Medical Practitioners, and by many useful mechanics,
you will by this arrangement have it in your power to extend to
the inferior Class of Settlers, without expence, many essential
Comforts and conveniences of which they would otherwise be
deprived.

362 Records of the Cape Colony.

Your Lordship will, I am sure, feel that any delay between the
arrival of the Settlers and their location on the lands allotted, will
be attended with great inconvenience, and as I trust that some
progress will in consequence of my dispatches of the 19th and
20th of July last, have been already made in measuring the lands
proposed to be settled, I have only to suggest that you should, from
the information now conveyed to you, assign the Spots to particular
Settlers, so that they may on landing at once proceed to the places
which they are permanently to occupy.

I am aware &om the experience of what has taken place in
forming Settlements of this kind in North America, that the
Settlers will for some time after their arrival require much super-
intendence and direction. Upon the detail I shall have the honor
of addressing to you a separate Gommimication. All that may in
the first instance be required will be that to each party of Settlers
some intelligent Soldiers or non-Gommissioned Officers should be
attached, for the purpose of instructing them as to hutting or other-
wise providing the necessary covering for themselves and their
families, and that some officers should have the general command
and direction of the persons so selected. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

F.S. As the expence of conveying the Settlers has been fotmd
to be very considerable, I must express my hope that your Lord-
ship will have made such Arrangements previously to their Arrival
at the Gape, as may render it unnecessary that the Vessels should
be detained there longer than may be sufficient to enable your
Lordship to give them directions for their ultimate destination.

Records of the Cape Colony.

363

[Enclosure in the above.]

Kmnherof

KameB of the peraoDs

ikmiUes

under whose direction the

composhig

Their present residence.

General Semarks.

settlers proceed.

their
parties.

England : —

Bailie ....

101

London . . . ,

Accompanied by a
physician and two
surgeons.

Biggar. . . .

Hampshire

Bowker

WUtshire

Bradshaw

Gloucestershire

Campbell

Hampshire

Carlisle

Staffordshire

Clarke . ,

London ....

Mr. C. is a surgeon.

Sephton .

101

Do.

Colston

Somersetshire

Crause . .

Kent

Dalgaims .

London

Damant ,

Norfolk ....

Accompanied by a
surgeon.

Dixon . ,

London

Dyason

Do.

Erith . .

Surrey

Ford . ,

Wiltjsbire

Gardener .

WarwickRhire

Greathead ,

Worcestershire

Gumey

Kent

Hawkins .

Oxfordshire

Hayhurst .

Lancashire

Holder

Gloucestershire

Howard

Buckinghamshire

Hyman

Wiltshire

James . ,

Do.

Liversage .

Staffordshire

Mahoney ,

London

Mandy.

Surrey

Menezes

Kent

Millfl . ,

London

Morgan ,

Mr. M. is a surgeon.

Moimcey ,

Yorkshire

Keave . ,

•12

Lancashire

Osier , ,

Cornwall

Owen . ,

London

Parkin

Devonshire

Pigot . ,

Berkshire

Eichardson

Yorkshire

Bowles

London

Scott • ,

Accompanied by a

surgeon.

Smith, G. . . .

Lancashire

364

Records of the Cape Colony.

Number of

Names of the penn

Ds funillee

under whoee directioi:

i the oompoeliig

Their present xesidfince.

General Remarks.

BetUen proceed.

their
parties.

England— con^tTii

lied:

Smith, W. . <

. . 11

London

Southey .

. . 27

Somersetshire

Stanley

. . 11

Lancashire

Turvey

. . 14

London

Wain Wright .

. . 11

Yorkshire

Wait . . .

. . 64

Middlesex

White . .

. . 12

Nottingham

WillBon .

. . 102

London ....

Accompanied by two
surgeons.

Wales; —

Griffith .

. . 22

Montgomeryshire .

Accompanied by a
surgeon.

Philipps .

. . 20

Pembrokeshire .

Do. Do.

Scotland ; —

Grant . .

. . 400

Highlands . . .

Accompamed by a
Minister of the
Church of Soot-
land and an ade-
quate number of
surgeons.

Pringle

. . 12

Edinburgh

Ireland ; —

Butler .

. . 12

Wicklow

Ingram

. . 27

Cork

Parker.

. . 124

Accompanied by a
clergyman of the
Church of Eng-
land and by a
physician and

apothecary.

Synnot.

. . 11

Wicklow

[Office Copy.]
Letter from LoED Bathuest to Loed Chakles Somerset.

LoNBOH, 6th November 1819l

My DEAR Lord, — I have had the honor of receiving your Lord-
ship's dispatch of the 8th of June, and the private letter which
accompanied it, communicating to me the correspondence which
had taken place between your Lordship and certain Naval Officers,
to whom you had made Application for cooperation and Assistance

Records of the Cape Colony. 365

in forwarding Measures which you had considered expedient for
the public Service of the Colony.

Your Lordship will I am sure be disposed to appreciate the
motives which have induced me on a Subject of this nature to
revert to a confidential Communication with the Lords Com-
missioners of the Admiralty rather than to make your dispatch
the subject of an official Bepresentation ; and the more so, as I am
enabled to assure you that their Lordships have evinced the
greatest readiness to prevent the recurrence of those incon-
veniences of which you have had reason to complain^ and propose
to instruct the Admiral who wiU shortly proceed to relieve
Admiral Flampin to afford you on all occasions the most cordial
Assistance and Support. In considering, however, the conduct of
the Naval Officers to whom you have more particularly referred,
your Lordship will, I am sure, make some allowance for the
difficulty of their Situation, in being called upon to decide how
far they were authorised in attending to your Lordship's orders,
when at variance with those of the Admiral under whose Com-
mand they are placed, and to whom they are of course responsible
for any deviation from their general or particular instructions, and
although it would under other Circumstances have been highly
indecorous for an Officer to have required from you an explanation
of your grounds of proceeding, yet you will I am sure feel that
where their justification to their Superior for preferring a com-
pliance with your application to his original instruction depended
upon the comparative importance of the two conflicting Services,
it was natural to endeavour first to establish by a knowledge of
the facts the superior importance of the duty on which you had
required him to proceed. I will only add that I am confident after
the explanation which has now taken place and the instructions
which the Admiralty have given, that you may at all times rely
upon the Assistance of any Naval Officer to whatever Command
he may be attached upon merely affording to him such a general
explanation of the Service on which you propose to employ him,
as may satisfy hiTn of the necessity of postponing the duty on
which he is more immediately employed, tiU your wishes have
been attended to. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

366 Records of the Cape Colony.

[OriginaL]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Cafe of Good Hope, November 6ih 1819.

My Lord, — I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of
your Lordship's dispatch of the 7th of July, conveying to me the
gracious assent of His Eoyal Highness the Prince Begent to my
application for permission to return to England for a limited period
on private affairs, and I beg your Lordship will be pleased to lay
before His Eoyal Highness my humble and most grateful thanks
for the kindness and ready consideration which he has vouchsafed
to give to a request of such importance to myself and my family.

Did not the application with which His Eoyal Highness has
been graciously pleased to comply, involve the health of one of
my daughters, I should have had no hesitation at the sacrifice of
any minor interest to have postponed my departure from hence,
until the latest period mentioned in your Lordship's dispatch, but
the prolongation of my stay in Cape Town till the month of
April (which would include the whole of the hot season) might be
attended with the most fatal consequences.

I must confess that the fortunate circumstance of my being
authorized to place the Government of this Colony during my
absence in the hands of an ofl&cer of Sir Eufane Dorddn's rank,
experience, and talents, relieves my mind from the anxiety that I
must unavoidably have felt under any other arrangement, and I
am sanguine enough to think that the information I have person-
ally acquired of almost every part of the Colony, but more particu-
larly of the fertile frontier district of Uitenhage, will enable me to
put Sir Eufane Donkin so fully in possession of the most material
points affecting the enlarged system of emigration communicated
in your Lordship's dispatch, that the execution can suffer little
from any supposed want of tried experience on my part.

I cannot refrain also from entertaining a hope that my presence
in England may not be whoUy withoj^ its use in promoting this
important measure, as there are mamy points of detail requiring
consideration and arrangement ppf^ously to the future departure
of any settlers, on which my local[ knowledge may supply salutary
suggestions.

I can assure your Lordship that \ I have not adopted the resolu-

Records of the Cape Colony. 367

tion of accepting the alternative of immediately availing myself of
the gracious permission of His Eoyal Highness without a painful
struggle. The very flattering allusion which your Lordship has
been pleased to make to the manner in which the affairs of this
Colony have been hitherto administered by me, whilst it is an
ample recompense for past exertions, naturally stimulates me to
continuance, and leads me to seek with anxiety every opportunity
of acquiring fresh claims to the approbation of His Eoyal Highness.
The imperative motive, however, that has guided my decision
leaves me no option, and my best consolation arises firom a con-
viction that the well known qualifications of Sir Sufane Donkin,
aided as they will be by the ability and preeminent local informa-
tion of Lieut. Colonel Bird, will guard the public service from
injxuy during my temporary absence. I have &c.

(Signed) Chables Henkt Somerset.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Gaps Town, November Gih 181 9»

My dear Lord, — On my return from Kaffraria to this place on
the 1st Instant I found Your Lordship's dispatch of the 19th of
July last as well as your private letter of the same date. In
assuring your Lordship of my sincere gratitude for your Idnd
representation to the Prince Eegent of my anxiety for le^ve to
return to England, I find myself quite inadequate to express my
feelings at the very flattering and firiendly manner in which Your
Lordship has conveyed His Eoyal Highness's gracious permission
to me.

Your Lordship only does me justice in supposing that I should
but too eagerly adopt the line you suggest of remaining here until
after the arrival of the new settlers did I feel that I could do so
with any regard to my own feelings or to what I owe to the
preservation of my daughter's health. The hot season here
(to which I entirely attribute my daughter's impaired health)
includes the months of January, February, and March, and I am
this year of all others, compjelled to fly from it in consequence
of my delightful cool retreat ait Newlands having fallen down.

368 Records of the Cape Colony.

Your Lordship will pardon me if I venture to say that I differ
from you in thinking that my presence in the first settling of these
people can he of the utility you are so flattering to me as to
suppose; indeed I believed I should render greater service to
the cause by conversations with those who promote this scheme
at home and by giving them the information which iny local
experience qualifies me to do. Before I depart I will put
everything in the clearest train for Sir Bufane Donkin. I will
point out the particular farms where the whole of the number
which the Grant of Parliament will be sufficient to send out
(which I reckon at 2000) or even many more than that number
can be located. I will order the land to be measured, put the
local Magistrates on the alert, and in short Sir Bufane shall
find everything prepared that my knowledge of the country and
my experience can suggest. I will also ascertain from the
principal directors of the Moravian Institutions (who have been
entirely successful in their endeavours to form Societies) the
means they have been wont to adopt in their infant Establish-
ments and the average pecuniary support from home that a
given number of the Settlers require. Be assured, my dear
Lord, that my absence shall not retard this desirable work,
for I will not turn my back till I have done all that can be
done to facilitate it.

Much, very much, of the success must depend upon the ability
and integrity with which those in charge of the families and
labourers will perform their duties. I have no hesitation
respecting the most eligible situation. The neighbourhood of
Graham's Town is imquestionably the place for them, and it is
indeed a peculiar satisfaction (almost a triumphant reflection)
to me, that an opportunity should so soon occur of proving the
great advantages of our new boundary on the KafiTer side.

I have another and perhaps a still more stable cause for not
apprehending any injury to this new objeclj or to the prosperity of
the Colony in any point of view, which : s the disposition I find
in Sir Bufane Donkin with regard to his holding the Government
in my absence. It is impossible thaf, any communication can
have been more satisfactory either as th,i'3y regard myseK personally
or the Colony, than those I have hwj with Sir Bufane Donkin
since I received your Lordship's lelLters, and I may veutnie I
think thus early to assure your Lolrdship that there could not

Records of the Gape Colony^ 369,

have been a more appropriate selection for this duty than
Sir Bufane Donkin. He is a man of acknowlegded talent and
pays me the compliment to say that he shall pursue precisely the
line I have adopted in every branch of the Administration of this
Government.

I conclude if I am fortunate in obtaining a vessel that I
shall get home about the 3rd week in February. Your Lordship
would contribute very greatly to my personal convenience and
comfort on my arrival, if you would cause an order to be previously
sent to the Officers of Customs at Portsmouth to permit my
personal baggage, particularly my plate (every article of which I
brought out with me), to be landed without difficulty; every
separate article will be manifested at the Custom House here, and
the best guarantee against our having anything contraband is that
this place produces nothing that is so. I take the liberty of
making this request, as I know this indulgence was afforded to
Lady Hood on her return from India, who had an immense
quantity of things exclusive of her personal baggage, and also
because I have heard that the late Lord Comwallis was exposed
to excessive outrages on his property (his plate in particular) on
his return from India, in consequence of not being aware of the
necessary forms. I have &c.

(Signed) Chables Henry Somerset.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. Hezekuh Sephton to Earl Bathurst.

London, November llih 1819.

My Lord, — Having been disappointed in Mr. Thomas Colling,
he not being able to go out, at the head of one hundred families,
as accepted by you, and as I am selected by that Company to
succeed him.

I herewith agree to accept of the terms proposed by His
Majesty's Government to take the one hundred Settlers under my
care to the Cape of Good Hope, and wait your pleasure for such
other necessary information as may be required for our guidance.

I am &c.

(Signed) Hezh. Sephton.

XII. 2 B

370 Records of the Cape Colony.

[Original.]
Letter from the Duke of Newcastle to Earl Bathurst.

Glttmbeb, November 12ih 1819.

My Lord, — ^We have had a Greneral Meeting to-day of the
subscribers for Emigration, and we find it necessary to enquire
whether a sufficiency of com for bread and for seed will certainly
be found at the Cape of Good Hope and at a reasonable price.

2. What port is fixed upon for the Nott's emigrants to embark
from.

3. To be allowed permission for 50 families to go out on our
account, that is 50 men, most of them with wives and families. A
complete list shall be sent as soon as possible, but at present from
unfitness in some and unwillingness in others, continual alteration
is taking place in the list, in a very few days these difficulties
will be overcome and we hope to be able to act with mora
certainty. I have particularly to request your Lordship to accede
to my last proposal, and if you will trust to me I will take care
that nothing improper shall tatke place. I am exceedingly anxious
for the success of our enterprise. I have &c.

(Signed) Newcastle.

[Original.]

Letter from the Eeverend William Boardman to

Earl Bathurst.

Blackbubn, IWi NovenAer 1819.

My Lord, — At the earnest request of several poor, but honest,
and industrious families, I take the liberty to write to your
Lordship, requesting to know whether a vessel will go out from
Liverpool with settlers for the Cape of Good Hope, and how soon
she may be expected to sail.

They have engaged to go out to the Cape with Messrs.
Whitely and Co. from Liverpool, who have called upon them for
the Government deposits, but give them no satisfactory answer
with respect to the time when the vessel will saiL As the deposits

JRecorcU of the Cape Colons'^ ;371

are to be paid from the sale of their furniture, working looms, &c.,
imless the vessel sails in a very short time they will be reduced to
great distress, and compelled to go into the workhouse.

It was my wish to have gone out with a party from Liverpool,
but the number of families not amounting to 100, no chaplain will
be allowed. I have therefore offered my services to a gentleman
who is about to take out a party from London; in case of
acceptance I propose humbly to submit to your Lordship something
that may be of great advantage to the mother country as well as
to the colony. I am &c.

(Signed) Wm. Boardman^

[Office Copy.]

Letter from Henry Goulburn, Esqre., to
Lord Charlss Somerset.

Downing Stbebt, London, I5th N&vemher 1819.

My Lord, — ^With reference to the letter which I had the honor
to address to your Lordship on the 23rd October, marked Separate,
I beg to acquaint you that Messrs. Wilkinson and Morton have
applied to Earl Bathurst for an additional grant of land, at the
rate of one hundred Acres for five labourers whom they have
added to their party, and his Lordship having acceded to their
application, I have received his directions to request that you will
apportion their grant accordingly. I have &c.

(Signed) Henry Goulburn.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. Hezekiah Sephton to Earl Bathurst.

November 19lh 1819.

My Lord, — Having accepted of Mr. Shaw as our Minister to
accompany me with One Hundred Settlers to the Cape of Gkxxl
Hope, I herewith submit to you the inclosed testimonial as a
proper person to officiate in that capacity* Your most obedient &c.

- (Signed) Hezektah Se!»hton.

2 B 2

372 Becords of the Cape Colony.

[Enclosure.]

Wbslbtav Mission House, Hatton Gabdbn, November 15, 1819,

Mat it please Your Lordship The Committee for managing the
Wesleyan Missions having been applied to by a number of
Settlers going out to the Gape of Good Hope under the sanction
of His Majesty's Gk>vemment to appoint them a Minister, and
Mr. William Shaw having offered himself to the Committee for
that service, we are directed by the Committee to state to your
Lordship that Mr. Shaw is a person of approved character as
a Minister in our Society, and is considered by us in every respect
to be a proper person to take charge of the religious concerns of
the persons who have accepted him as their Minister.

The Committee beg leave to submit to Your Lordship that they
do not make themselves responsible for the conduct of the
individuals composing this Colony, though from what they know
of the leading persons among them, they confidently trust that
they will conduct themselves so as not to forfeit the good
character they have at home ; and the Committee having been
applied to by them, they were anxious that so large a body
of people, chiefly members of the same religious body as them-
selves, should not go out without a Minister of their own
persuasion. We have &c,

(Signed) Jabez Bunting,

Jos. Taylor,
EicHD. Watsok,
Secretaries.

[Original.]
Letter from the Eeverend Mr. Boardman to Earl Bathubst.

Blagkbubh, 2iHh NovenAer 1819.

My Lord, — Having been put in nominatipn to your Lordship
for a chaplaincy to the Cape of Good Hope by Thos. Willson,
Esqre., of Chelsea Cottage, at the recommendation of Thos.
Claughton, Esqre., M.P. for Newton, I have transmitted my
letters testimonial to the Bishop of Chester for counter-signatare,
which I trust will be forwar;jied to your Lordship in due time.

Becords of the Cape Colony, 373

As the vessels are expected to sail for the Cape in a very short
time, and as I have some arrangements to make previously to my
departure, I humbly request that your Lordship will be pleased to
give me the earliest intelligence of my appointment, should it take
place. I am &c.

(Signed) Wm. Boardman.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

GafIi of Good Hope, 22and November 1819.

My Lord, — I have the honour to transmit the proceedings of
the trial of Jacob Smit for murder, who was found guilty and
condemned to die, but from which sentence the prisoner appealed.,

As Judge of the Court of Appeals in Criminal Cases, I have
affirmed the sentence of the Court below, not perceiving anything
informal in the finding thereof; but in conformity with the
recommendation, contained in the opinion given by my Assessor
in that Court (which accompanies the minutes of the trial) I beg
humbly to recommend this case to the Boyal clemency.

I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Copy.] :

Letter from the Landdrost of TJitenhage to
Land Surveyor Knobel.

UiTBNHAOB, 22nd November 1819.

Sir, — His Excellency the Governor being desirous to make
immediate arrangements to receive a portion of Emigrants the
Government at home are about sending out to settle in the
Zuurveld has directed a Survey shall be made of certain Lands
intended for the settlement of these people. I have the honor to
subjoin the following extract from the Colonial Secretary's Letter
to jne on that subject, viz.

374 Records of the Oape Colony.-

^' It will be desirable that as soon as possible after the receipt
of this you instruct Mr. Knobel to take a minute survey of the
unoccupied places in the immediate vicinity of the limits of the
Land attached to Graham's Town, and that in his report thereon
he not only specify the quantity of Land calculated for Garden
Ground, for the Plough, and Pasture, but that he describe with
accuracy the different Springs or other Water which such places
may contain or command ; next after these he should survey the
Blue Erans and any situations in that vicinity where Colonists
may be advantageously placed ; from thence he should take the
direction of Waay Plaats to the lower Caffer Drift Post, where His
Excellency believes that great facilities are to be found for a very
considerable portion of Settlers, who may avail themselves in the
first instance of the Hutting which was occupied by the Troops.
The mouth of the Great Fish Biver will next offer an Eligible Site
on the spot called the Palmietfontein in its immediate vicinity.
Upon these Spots and the intervening Ground His Excellency
conceives that a greater number of Persons and Families may be
placed than can be for a considerable time expected from England.
Mr. Knobel's charges for surveying will be satisfied from the
Colonial Treasury according to the Tariff of Charges allowed
to Surveyors."

Which I have to beg of you to receive as Instructions for that
purpose, and that you will at your earliest convenience proceed to
this duty, and make your Beport accordingly.

The Deputy Landdrost has been written to as per annexed copy
to afford you every aid and protection in the execution of your
Surveys. I have &o.

(Signed) J. G. Cuyleb.

[Original],

Letter from tjie Reverend Feancis McClelaxd to

Eabl Bathubst.

18 GsoBGE^s Stbebt, Adilfhi, 28fv{ November 1819.

My Lord, — ^At the suggestion of Mr. Goulbum I beg leave to
inform your Lordship that I have arrived in London, in order
to accompany the settlers proceeding under Mr. Parker to tho

■Records of the Cape Colony. 876

Cape of Good Hope. I brought letters of introduction to Mr.
Ooulbum from Lord Forbes and Sir George FetherstoDe, and
though I called repeatedly at Downing Street I had not the
honour of an interview with that gentleman till yesterday.

On referring to the appointment, under the sanction of which I
came to London, I was very much astonished to find that
Mr. Goulbum expressed some doubts of my being enabled finally
to proceed. Should this be the case words are inadequate to
express the very great inconvenience and expense that I have been
put to, and I should hope that your Lordship will be kind enough,
when you consider this, to confirm it, in consequence of its having
been productive of so much trouble to me.

With regard to the objection which Mr. Goulbum seemed to
think would be made, namely that I could not be expected to have
any influence over such of the colonists as are Englishmen, I have
every reason to suppose that they will to a man subscribe to any
conditions which may be thought necessary to secure their obedience
to the laws of religion and morality.

In conclusion, I shall only add that should I go out, I shall
leave my native land with the most fervent and heartfelt wishes
for its welfare and happiness under the present government, and
that my attachment to its laws will be displayed in my humble
endeavours to establish a similar regard in the breasts of those
over whom I am appointed to act as clergyman. I have &c»

(Signed) Francis McCleland.

[Copy.]
Letter from the Landdrost of Uiterihage to the Colonial Secretary.

UiTEKHAOX, '2&th November 1819.

Sir, — ^I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
Letter of the 12th Instant with enclosures relative to the
Emigrants about .to arrive here from Home and to be settled in
Albany, and to transmit to you the copies of my Letter to the
Deputy Landdrost at Graham's Town and to Mr. Knobel, the
Government Surveyor.

I observe in the third paragraph of Lord Batburst's Letter

376 Records of the Cape Colony.

to His Excellency, in which he recommends an imniediate^ Sunrej^
of an adequate portion of Land in that part of the Countary iii
which it is proposed to make the first Settlement, that he also
proposes the several Lots to be ready marked out for the reception
of each Settler, &c., so that they may be placed on it immediately
on their arrival. Permit me to ask you. Sir, is it intended that
Mr. Knobel shall in the survey he is now instructed to make (as
per enclosed letter from me to him) mark out the Boundari^ of
the several Lots now, or will that be postponed until he may have
made a general and particular Beport of the different Situations ?
He will probably proceed to this duty in the course of ten or
fourteen days, and there will be sufficient time to allow me to
hear from you without delaying him.

Mr. Knobel, with whom I have spoken on this point, conceived
he may first proceed to the general Inspection of Survey and
report upon each position or Tract, as soon as so generaUy
surveyed, for His Excellency's information and pleasure, and on
his return from the most distant or last, may retrace the ground
he may have so generally reported upon and mark out or subdivide
eJBich lot to the extent His Excellency may be pleased to direct ;
and I have to hope I shall be prepared to fulfil His Excellency's
instructions so far as regards the duty I shall have to perform in
this Transaction. I have &c.

(Signed) J. G. Cuylek.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. Thomas Pringle to Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

43 Pbinces Stbebt, Soro, Lohdon, NownJber 27<A 1819.

Sir, — ^Your letter of the 12 th instant reached me the day before
1 left Edinburgh, but having previously remitted the deposit
money for my party to Mr. HiU, agreeably to your directions, I
thought it unnecessary to trouble you with any further correspon*
deuce on the subject until I reached London. I am advised by a
letter from Edinburgh to-day that Mr. Hill has acknowledged the
receipt of the £150.

Permit me now, Sir, tlirough the hands of Mr. Croker respect-

Hecdrds of the Cape Colony, 377

fully to solicit your favourable attention to my personal applica-
tion for employment under the Colonial Government at the Cape*
Mr. Walter Scott has already through the medium of his friend
Mr. Croker been so good as to make you somewhat acquainted
with my wishes and qualifications. I feel it difficult at ptesent^
from my imperfect acquaintance with the civil airangements of
the Colony, to express myself more definitely on the subject. I
will only venture to add that I am anxious to be usefully employed,
and that if any respectable situation (of whatever description
might be found most suitable and expedient) could be obtained
for me in the" Colony, or in the new settlement where I might
more agreeably reside among my relations, a very moderate income
would satisfy my wishes. AH that I am very ambitious about
obtaining is a secured competence for my family, dependent only
on my own exertions, and the approbation of Government. My
pretensions are not lofty, indeed I can neither boast of scientific
knowledge nor of much experience in aflairs, I may only venture
to lay claim to some little literary experience, and (what is perhaps
of more importance in the present case) to habits of attention and
accuracy formed during ten years employment upon the Public
Becords under the superintendence of Mr. Thomson, the Deputy
Clerk Begister of Scotland, and in the management of a newspaper
and magazine for more than two years, since I think it right to
3tate however that I have hitherto had little or no practice in
figures or accounts and cannot therefore pretend to any great
expertness in matters where they are the principal requisites.
For the rest, I understand French and Latin, and am at present
acquiring some knowledge of the Dutch language.

These, I am aware, are but humble qualifications, but if, such as
they are, they might be turned to any account in the service of
the colony, I should feel honoured and obliged by being piit in the
way of employment. I feel the more anxious on this point
because my personal infirmity and want of capital prevent me
from engaging in the cultivation of land or other common
occupations with the same advantages as the friends and relations
who accompany me to Africa. I therefore take the liberty once
more. Sir, earnestly to request your favourable consideration of
this application, and to solicit the important favour of your
influence in regard to it.

It may be proper to add that none of the party except myself and

378 Becords of the Cape Colony^

iny wife have come up to liondon. The rest await your further
directions in Edinburgh. It has been lately reported that a vessel
is to be sent round to Greenock to. take on board the Scotch
Settlers. As such an arrangement would be an important
advantage to my friends, they would feel greatly obliged by being
informed through me whether the report is correct, and if so,
about what time they must hold themselves in readiness to
embark.
Again begging your indulgence for all this trouble.

I remain with &c.

(Signed) Thos. Fringle.

[Original.]
Zetter from Chief Justice Truter to Lord Charles Somerset.

My Lord, — However reluctant I may feel to trouble your
Excellency or His Majesty's Government on my own behalf, yet
the present peculiar circumstance of your Lordship's departure on
leave seems to offer such an appropriate opportunity for my in-
dividual interest, that I cannot refrain from availing myself of
the same.

The^fficial situation I have the honour to be placed in is the
highest to which I can reasonably aspire. I have the invaluable
gratification of experiencing the most unequivocal marks of the
approbation of Gk)vemment. And from many circumstances I think
I may suffer myself to be led to conclude that my services are not dis-
regarded by the public. Under such circumstances I need not assure
your Lordship that I have every reason to be satisfied with my
situation, and to feel inclined to persevere in it. But it is obvious
that the continuation of the above advantages demands a degree of
mental and bodily strength, which I cannot expect lastingly to
enjoy ; and how strongly soever I may feel a call not to give up a
career in which I can be useful to my native country, but for the
most pregnant reasons, equally strong on the other hand I conceive
ib incumbent upon me, when my powers will be no longer
adequate to the full discharge of my official duties, to withdraw of

B/ecords of the Cape Colony, 379

toy own accord, and thus to give an opportunity of providing
therein betimes.

The latter not being the case, I can have no idea at present to
request your Lordship's leave to resign, neither would the present
moment be a proper one on my part for taking such a step, with-
out the most urgent necessity, being charged, as I have the honor
to be, with commissions of consequence to the Colony, the
successful execution of which promises me fresh proofs of the
approbation of His Majesty's Government.

But as during your Lordship's absence there will be only a
provisional administration in the Colony, from which no definite
disposition in my behalf can be expected, and as besides your
Lordship will have the advantage of a direct communication with
His Majesty's Government at Home, I have deemed it a duty I
owe to myself to take a step towards securing my interest, when
sooner or later it might become incumbent on me to withdraw
from my present career, a step which I hope your Lordship will
not deem amiss, considering that thirty years services, in no other
but momentous situations, have not been able to furnish me with
the means of increasing my fortune.

I therefore take the liberty respectfully to request your Lordship
may be pleased, in addition to the many favors you have already
conferred on me, to make your Lordship's successor acquainted
with your good intention regarding my eventual retreat from
public life, or to submit my request to the pleasure of His
Majesty's Government with such recommendations as your Lord-
ship may deem proper.

With respect to the grounds of this request, as far as they are
founded on my personal services, I beg leave to be permitted to
refer to your Lordship's testimony, and thus to spare me the
painful task of speaking of myself. One circimistance however I
have no hesitation to state, in support of my application, and this
your Lordship will, I am confident, have no reason to doubt,
namely that my own pecuniary circumstances are by no means
calculated to support me and my family in the least conformable
to the situation I hold.

Herewith, my Lord, I submit my case to your Lordship's liberal
direction, assuring your Lordship in the most solemn manner that
my circumstances alone have induced me, as a father of a family,
to make a direct application for securing my eventual retreat, but

380 Becards of the Cape Colony.

that my feelings are infinitely more gratified by the consciousness
that my conduct is deserving your approbation and that of His
Majesty's Govemment. I have &c.

(Signed) J. A, Tbutbr.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Gape of Oood Hope, lit Deeemher 1819.

My Lord, — I have the honour to acquaint your Lordship, that
in the month of April last, Captn. Hunn of H. M. Ship Bedmngr,
sent into these harbours, for adjudication in the Court of Vice
Admiralty, a French Schooner called La Sylphe, which he had
detained on the Coast of Africa, on a charge of illegal Slave
Dealing.

The above vessel was subsequently sold under a Decree of the
Court of Vice Admiralty and purchased by Mr. Osmond, a ship
builder of this place, who having put her into complete repair,
resold her to this Colonial Gk)vemment, to be employed on these
Coasts and to replace the only vessel belonging to the Colonial
Govemment, the Isabella, which had, a very short time previous to
this, been unfortunately lost on the North Coast. Mr. Osmond
was paid the sum of 16,112 Bixdols. and 5 Skgs. for this vessel
ready for sea, and she was subsequently employed between Algoa
Bay and this place.

In October last, however, Captn. Moresby, of H. M. Ship Menai,
received orders from Vice Admiral Flampin, in consequence of
directions from H. M. Secretary of State for Foreign AfEiedrs, to
take possession of the aforesaid vessel La Sylphe, and to deliver
her up to the French Authorities at the Lsle of Bourbon, which
instructions were forcibly carried into effect, and the Schooner has
sailed imder convoy of H. M. Ship Hardy, Lieut. Kent, for the
purpose above stated.

I am, therefore, under the necessity of bringing this case before
Your Lordship, and of requesting that Your Lordship will be
pleased ta take such steps as you may deem most expedient for
indemnifying this Government for the loss it has sustained, and

Records of the Cape Colony^

381

that such indemnification (amounting to Bixds. 16,112-5 or
£1611 4s. Sterling) should be made either thro' the Naval
Commissioners on this Station, or that such sum may be placed
at the disposal of the Agent of this Government in England, as
may be found most convenient. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somerset.

[Copy.l
Return of Troops on the Frontier on the 1st of Decemler 1819.

Corps.

Sergeants.

DrnmiiieTs
or Bnglero.

Hank and
FUe.

Total.

Royal Artillery ....

• •

Royal Engineers .

> <

38th Regiment

► <

325

342

54th Regiment

* <

243

257

72nd Regiment

1 <

368

Royal African Corps

1 4

667

610

Cape Cavalry

> 4

116

124

Cape Infantry •

* 1

214

226

■

2005

(Signed) A. A. O'Eeilly, Brigade Major.

382

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accords of the Cape Colony. 387

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathubst to Lobd Charles Somerset.

DoWNDro Street, eih Deomher 1819.

My Lord, — It having been thought expedient by Eoyal Pro-
clamation dated 20th ultimo to call in the old Mediterranean
Passes granted by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty for
the protection of Vessels against the Barbary Cruizers, and that
new Passes should be granted for that purpose, I herewith transmit
for your Lordship's information and guidance an Order which
H.B.H. the Prince Begent in Council has been pleased to issue upon
this occasion. I have &a

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Office Copy.]

Letter from Henry GtOULBURN, Esqre., to Lord

Charles Somerset.

Downing Stbebt, London, 9lh Deeember 1819.

My Lord, — ^This letter will be delivered to your Lordship by
Mr. Thomas Calton, of North Collingham in Nottinghamshire,
who is proceeding to the Cape of Good Hope in charge of a party
of able-bodied Settlers with their families, for the purpose of
settling in the Colony, under the same Begulations and conditions
as those under which lands have been offered to the other Settlers ;
but as Mr. Calton and his fellow Settlers have been provided with
the funds requisite for their undertaking by the contributions of
several Noblemen and Gentlemen of the County of Nottingham-
shire, the Subscribers conceive that it would be more expedient
that the grant of land which will accrue to Mr. Calton and his
Settlers should be made to the Bevd. J. Thomas Beecher and
Edward Smith Godfrey, Esq., of the said County, as Trustees for
the Subscribers at large.

This request being founded upon public grounds alone, and the
object of the Subscribers being no other than to ensure the welfare
of the Settlers, which they hope to promote by maintaining the

2 c 2

388 Records of the Cape Colony,

exercise of their superintendence over them and their proceedings,
Earl Bathurst has had no objection to accede to their application.

The Subscribers have paid the sum of £737 10s. on account of
Mr. Calton, to whom your Lordship will be pleased to remit the
amount of such deposit, in the proportions and at the periods
specified in the circular letter enclosed in Earl Bathurst's dispatch
of the 19th July last. I have &c.

(Signed) Henry Goulburn.

[Copy.]
Letter from the Landdrost of Tulhagh to the Colonial Secretary.

TuLBAGH, %ih December 1819.

Sir, — After I had done myself the honor by letter of the 5
March 1818 to report to His Excellency the Governor the result
of my inspection of the Places Groote Vlakte and Gemerkte
CaiT^ houte Boom at the Hantam applied for on quitrent by the
widow of the late Jacobus Adrian Louw Ad. Son (now again
married to Jacobus Bedelinghuys) it pleased the Inspector of
Lands and Woods to make some remarks thereon ; and I now beg
leave in compliance with the directions contained in a Public
Letter of the 15 October last, for the information of His Excellency
to communicate,

That the extent of the Land measured for the said widow
would be too much for one individual if the whole of that Land
was supplied with water proportionate to its extent, but the
deficiency thereof is the cause, that the extent of the grant must
be regulated according to the number of springs or quantity .of
water thereon found. The diagram of the same clearly demon-
strates that there are only seven springs, and two Dams, on the
Land, of which Dams one has been ceded to D. G. Ockhuisen, and
it is to be remarked that these springs^do not constantly last, but
in dry seasons so weaken that they scarcely afford sufficient water
for any considerable quantity of stock. If the whole of the Land
was supplied with water, I certainly would give it as my opinion
that it ought to be divided ; but under the existing circumstanoes
this would be prodjictive of endless quarrels, because one or two

Records of the Cape Colony, 389

individuals would obtain the benefit of the whole of the water,
and th^ others would get none.

The applicant has in the same manner as all her predecessors
formerly made use of all the vacant Land adjoining her Estates,
could only employ the same as grazing ground, want of water made
it unfit for any other use, and she being one of the most opulent
individuals in the Hantam is the only person who could properly
stock such an extent of Land ; as she is possessed of between 300
and 400 Horses and Black Cattle, and 2000 Sheep, which require
a pretty extensive piece of Pasture, particularly so as in dry
seasons the herds must be removed from one spot to another for
the sake of pasture and of water.

In my first Seport on Places, and Vacant Lands in the Hantam,
I certainly did represent that the applicant did not pay that
attention to her farms which she ought to do, but this may have
been occasioned by a want of resolution to attend to her concerns
with the firmness and activity of a Man, but she now having
entered into wedlock again, it is to be expected that things will
take a different turn.

Putting all this aside, there is only one point of great importance,
namely the exclusive privilege "on the whole of the Hantams
Hill," claimed by the applicant's predecessor and herself.

This certainly bears hard upon the occupiers of the adjoining
Places and Lands, and particularly so at the time that the horse
disorder prevails, as the Hantam Hill is the only retreat from this
destructive calamity ; to make provision in this regard is an object
of importance, and I would recommend with due submission to
reserve the right for all these Individuals to send all their horses
to said Hill upon such occasions, and to keep the same there as
long as the disorder lasts or to let the right of the use of the Hantam
Hill to the highest bidder for five, or more years ; or to grant the
same to the applicant at such annual rent as His Excellency shall
deem proper. I have &c.

(Signed) J. H. FiscHKB^ Landdrost.

390

Records of the Cape Colony.

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896 Eecords of the Cape Colony.

[Original.]

Letter from Lieutenant Colonel Graham to Lohb

Chables Bomeeset.

Klayeb Vallxt, 91h Leeefmber 1819.

My Lord, — Tour Lordsliip i» perfectly acquainted with every
circumstance relative to the letting of Eiet VaUey farm, as also
with the terms on which a Grant in Perpetuity of it was offered
to me as a reward for my services, consequently that were I to
accept of it on those terms at the expiration of the present lease, I
should be inevitably ruined.

Permit me, My Lord, most earnestly to request that, previous
to Your Lordship's return to the Cape, Tour Lordship will have
the kindness to explain the above circumstances to Earl Bathurst,
and to solicit His Lordship's favorable consideration of my case.

It may be asked why I am anxious to obtain a grant of this
farm in preference to any other : my answer is that it is the only
one which lays in the vicinity of all my connections in this Colony,
and from whom alone I can expect that occasional assistance
without which, it, as any other, would become a burthen to me.

Your Lordship is aware of my declining state of health, and to
which, I beg to assure Your Lordship, my misfortunes and dis-
appointments have in no small degree contributed, from the load
of anxiety on account of my wife and children which constantly
and heavily bears upon my mind. I have &c.

(Signed) John Graham.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somersbt.

DowKraa Street, IQth Deeember 1819.

My Lord, — The Lords Commissioners of the Treasury having
had under their consideration a letter &om Mr. Thomas Willson
requesting to be informed if the Commissariat at the Cape of Good
Hope may receive his Bills on his Bankers, Sir John Fening and
Co., in payment for such Stores as he may purchase for the use of

Records of the Cape Colony. 397

the Settlers proceeding to that Colony under his direction, I do
myself the honor of transmitting herewith for your Lordship's
Information and guidance, a Copy of tlie Minute of their Lordships
hereon, dated the 23rd of November. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

[Original.]
Letter from T. P. Courtenay, Esqrk, to Henry

GOULBURN, EsQRE.

India Boabd, V^k December 1819.

Sir, — I have received from Lord Charles Somerset a letter, of
which I enclose a copy, directing me to take the best legal opinion
upon certain questions which have arisen at the Cape concerning
two slaves whose cases are fully explained in the accompanying
paper.

Being aware that on a former occasion, when, under instructions
from the Governor of the Colony, I took an opinion upon a case
also arising out of the Slave Laws, Earl Bathurst also took the
opinion of the Law OflBcers of the Crown upon the same case, I
think that it may be convenient that I should transmit the papers
to you, in order that Lord Bathurst may have an opportunity of
sending the Case to the Law Officers if he should think that course
proper, or otherwise that I may obtain his Lordship's authority to
charge the expence of taking the opinions in the account which,,
according to your letter of the 11th of May last, I am to render to
tlie Commissioners of Colonial Audit.

I trust that I may be permitted to add, that it appears to me
that the nature of the present case requires a reference to His
Majesty's Advocate as well as to the Attorney and Solicitor
General I have &c.

(Signed) T. Per. Courtenay,

398 Jiecards of the Cape Cdlowy,

[Copy.]

Letter frfm, the Depviy Colonial Secretary to the

Landdrost of Uitenhage.

Colonial Offiob, 14th Deceauber 1819.

Sir,— I am directed by His Excellency the (Jovemor to acknow-
ledge the receipt of your Letter of the 25th Ultimo, and to inform
yon that His Excellency is of opinion that the Survey of the Lands
designed for the location of the Emigrants expected from England
should be concluded upon the general plan first proposed, and that
the subdivision of the Lots should be postponed imtil their actual
arrival, as the quantity of each must be regulated by the number
of Persons who may be under the charge of the several Directors
respectively, 1 have &c.

(Signed) H. Ellis, Deputy Secietaiy.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

DowNiNO STBner, IQih December 1819.

My Lord, — This letter will be delivered to your Lordship by
the Eeverend Mr. Francis McClelland, who is proceeding to the
Cape of Gk>od Hope with a Party of Settlers under the direction
of Mr. Parker. I have to acquaint your Lordship that Mr.
McClelland has been accepted as a person properly qualified to
officiate as Clergyman to the Party in question, and is to be located
as such, receiving a moderate Stipend for the discharge of Clerical
Duties. I have &c.

(Signed) Bathurst.

Becords of the Cape CoUmy. 399

[Copy.]

Extract from the Proceedings of the Society for propagating the

Gospel in Foreign Parts,

St. Mabtin'8 Libbabt, Deewiber 17ih 1819.

The Committee for India Affairs made the following
Beport: —

That as the system lately adopted by Government for the
colonization of the Gape of Good Hope will carry great numbers
of British Subjects to that Country, where the fertility of the soil
and the excellence of the climate promise a rapid increase of the
population, it is desirable that permanent means of religious
worship and instruction should at once be secured, as well to the
original settlers and their descendants, as to the natives who will
probably resort in considerable numbers to the several new
Settlements ;

That the attainment of this important object involves the
necessity of erecting Churches and Schools, and that no security
can be obtained for the maintenance of such pure religious
principles as may promote virtue and happiness among individuals,
and peace and good order in the Community, without a regular
establishment of orthodox Ministers, with determinate spheies of
action under proper superintendance and control ;

That at the first formation of the Settlements these objects may
be accomplished with comparative ease, by dividing the inhabited
districts into parishes of moderate size and appropriating to the
support of the Church and the Schools a certain proportion of land,
which in its present state is of little value, and is taken from no
one, but will hereafter become valuable in proportion to the
increase and prosperity of the Colony.

That if arrangements of this nature should be made, the Society
is willing to extend to the Cape the system on which it has acted
with so much success in North America, providing a regular
supply of Ministers and schoolmasters, but looking of necessity to
Grovemment for pecuniary aid in default of the sufficiency of the
Society's Funds.

That the President be requested to communicate with Earl

400 Records of the Cape Colony.

Bathurst to explain to his Lordship the view which the Society
has taken of the subject and to offer its assistance and co-operation
to Government in the manner stated above, as far as its resources
will go.

(Signed) W. London,

F. H. Pott,
Joshua Watson.

Agreed to adopt the Beport of the Committee, and that a Copy
be transmitted to the President.

[Original.]

Letter from tJie Eeveeend Thomas Erskine to
Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

No. 6 High Stbebt, Wobobster, 2(Hh December 1819.

Dear Sir, — I had the honor of receiving your most kind and
polite letter on Saturday, for which I beg you will accept my best
thanks. I am fully aware how much your valuable time is
occupied, and I shall condense what I have to say, and study
brevity as much as possible.

I arrived last year at Cape Town on the 7th of October, should
immediately have kept a horse had I been allowed rations for one
as I expected, but they were refused. However a few days before
Christmas Lord C. H. Somerset allowed me to have forage from
the Government Store at Simon's Town on paying for it This I
accordingly did, and enclose the account and receipt of the Com-
missary General, by which it will appear that I paid about £22 Is.
for what ought to have been given to me for nothing. Had I had
forage from my first arrival on the same terms it would have
made the bill nearly £30 : and if this sum may be paid to me I
shall ask no more, or even if the money I have paid be returned
to me I shall be satisfied and also be much obliged to Earl
Bathurst.

A horse was absolutely necessary to me, who never was strong
in that climate, where the summer heat is so intense and the

Becords of the Cape Colony, 401

winter's rain so heavy and frequent. I have had several miles to
go on duty : the Burial ground was a good way from my house,
and the Military Hospital was still further off, where I was obliged
to visit twice each week. I know not why rations for one horse
were refused to me at the Cape : they were granted to many a
one, who had not so much public occasion for one, and I own I
was very much surprised that so little attention was paid to the
order, or at all events to the wish of Earl Bathurst.

The name of the clergyman appointed by the Governor to
succeed me is the Eev. G. W. Sturt, Eector of Critchell in the
County of Dorset, one of the Chaplains of H. K. H. the Duke of
Clarence, and uncle of the present member for Bridport. I stated
in my last letter the cause of my so soon resigning so good an
appointment arose from my much injured sight, and greatly
impaired health. A medical gentleman of the B. N. Hospital
assured me I had not stamina for that climate, and that I was
quite right to return home before the summer's heat began. I am
glad to be able to say I am now in much better health, and more
particularly since I landed in England.

Could I have returned Home on leave of absence on account of

my health, and then found in this country a respectable and

worthy clergyman willing to exchange with me, your kind letter

of the 3rd March gave me some reason to hope that Earl Bathurst

would have the goodness to permit and sanction the exchange on

certain conditions. But I could not get away without resigning.

Might I then still hope Earl Bathurst would have the kindness to

consider my case and keep me in mind. It is true I have oo

longer fordgn service to plead on my behalf, as it was only for

a year, nor have I any right to ask or expect any new favor from

his Lordship, who has already done much for me, for which I

shall ever be most gratefuL But my foreign employment, short

as it was, greatly hurt my health, the badness of which caused me

to resign. It cost me between £200 and £300 returning Home.

I have now a Wife and two young Boys dependent on me for

support, and at this moment I have not a farthing of Income

arising from my Profession, either a Living or a Curacy, tho' I

have now been in Orders eleven years. I hope you will pardon

me for having trespassed so long on your time. I wished to make

this letter as short as I could, but I find it has swelled to a much

greater length than I expected.

XII. 2 D

402 Becords of the Cape Colony.

I beg leave to state that the Appointment I lately held was in
value as follows :—

Colonial Chaplaincy JB350

Dockyard do. 50

Military do. 50

R.N. Hospital do. ...... 40

£490 a year
I have &c.

(Signed) Thomas Erskine.

I request the favor of an answer as soon as is convenient to you,
as we leave Worcester next Monday, and I hope to have the honor
of hearing fiX)m you before that time.

[Copy.]
Letter from the Deputy Colonial Secretary to the Landdrost

OF TULBAGH.

GoLOiriAL Offiob, 24tii Deeemher 1819.

Sir, — I am directed by His Excellency the Governor to acknow-
ledge the receipt of your letter of the 8th instant, and in reply to
inform you that His Excellency has been pleased to concur in the
valuation of the perpetual quitrent on the places Groote Vlakte
and Gemerkte Carr6 houte Boom, now held on Loan by J. Eede-
linghuys, contaiued in the original Eeport of 4 May 1818.

With respect to the right of grazing on the Hantamberg His
Excellency has thought proper to direct that a Survey should be
made of the same in order to form the valuation of Perpetual Quit-
rent thereon, and further that an inquiry should be instituted as to
what persons may actually, and under what conditions they possess
•a right of gracing besides the Claimant J. K Eedelinghuys wUk
whose application as contained in the inclosed Copy of a Memoricd His
Excellency is disposed to comply provided that the right of other
Individuals be not thereby affected. I have &c.

(Signed) H. Elus.

Mecords of the Cape Colony. 403

[Copy.]

Letter from the Landdrost of Uitenhage to
Land Surveyor Knobel,

UrmrHAOB, 2&tk Deember 1819.

Sir, — I have the honor to hand you a communication I have
had from Government, to say a Letter from me and a reply
thereto relative to more explicit instructions for you to sub-
divide the Lots intended to settle the Emigrants on, and have &c.

(Signed) J, 6. Cuylbr.

[Original.]

Letter from George Harrison, Esqre., to
Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

Tbeasubt OHAMTtinM,. 29th Deeember 1819.

Sir, — The Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury
having had under their consideration your letter of the 301^
ultimo, transmitting copy of a dispatch from the Governor of the
Cape of Gk)od Hope i*eporting that the (rovemment House at
Newlands had fallen and that he had been under the necessity of
directing its reconstruction, I have it in command to acquaint you
for the information of Earl Bathurst that under the circumstances
detailed in the letter from the Governor of the Cape their Lord-
ships will not object to allowing the expence incurred in rebuilding
this House. I am &c.

(Signed) Geo. Harrison.

2 D 2

404

Becords of (he Cape Colony.

Betwm of Civil Officers at the Cape of Oood Hope, Whose Salary
and Emolvments exceed £150 per Annvrni.

N,B. — ^All the Civil OfficeB at the Cape of Good Hope are executed by the
Pensons holding them, and none by Deputy.

DMorlptfanofaTU
OffloeB.

Officers.

Qy whom
Appointod.

Salary in
Sterling.

SaUzyln

His Excellency
Governor . .

""}

.. ••

By the Crown

£ 8.
10,000 0

Private Secretary to'l
His Excellency . /

Markham, Bobert.

••

500 0

Aid-de-Camp

•

Underwood,Capt.W.

••

182 10

Somerset, Lt. C. H.

••

182 10

Commd* of 1
Town . .

Simon's'l
ffice:

Lieut. CoL Graham

••

182 10

Colonial 0

Colonial Secretary .

Bird, Christopher .

By the Crown

3,500 0

Deputy D»

•

Ellis, Henry • •

D»

1,500 0

Assistant D*

•

Brink, P. G. . .

• a

••

3,000

Chief Clerk .

•

aoete,S.V. . .

• a

1,500

Auditor's i

Auditor . . .

•

•
•

Bentinck, Walter .

By the Crown

1,050 0

FiscdFs Office

Fiscal. • .

» •

Denyssen, Daniel .

••

11,500

1st Deputy .
2nd ly

1 •

Borcherds, P. B. .

a •

4,500

> •
ie:

Lind, John . .

• •

3,000

€ot$rt qf Justic

Chief Justice.

Truter, J. A. . .

• •

9,000

1st Member

Matthiessen, C. .

• •

4,250

2nd D*

Hiddmgh, W. . .

• •

4,250

3rd D*

Jennings, W. D. .

• •

4,250

4th D*

Bentinck, W. . .

• •

4,250

6th D*

Neethling, J. H. .

• a

• •

4,250

6th D»

Bressler, F. R. .

• •

4,250

Records of the Cape Colony,

405

DoktIdUoii of CML
Offloes.

Cotai of Justice:
continued.

7tb Member . . .
8th D» . . .
9th D» . . .
Secretary. . .
English Assistant ]>*
let Head Clerk . .

Orphan dumber:

President. . .

ViceD* . . .

Secretary. . .
Book-keeper •

Lombard Bank :

President
Director

!)•

D*
Cashier
Book-keeper

DtBcoimt Bank :
Cashier . . .

Postmaster General .

Sequestrator's Depa/ri'
TnerU:

Sequestrator . . .

Beeeiver OeneraTs
Office:

Receiver General
Secretary. . . .

Names of Ci^
Offloen.

Fleck, J. C. . .
Buissinne, P. S. .
Truter, P. J. Junr.
Berrange, D. F. .
Murphy, Henry .
Le Sueur, J. J. .

Truter, J. A. . .
deWaal, D. . .
Faure, J. P. .
Watenneyer, G. A.

Marshall, J. • .
Bergh, A. V. . .
Maasdorp, G. H. .
Eckhard, 0. S. .
Frouenfelder, J. H.
G.J.C. . . .

Crozier, B*. . •
Crozier, B.. . .

Biet, B. J. van der

StoU, J. W. . .
Wentzel, W. A. .

07 whom
Appointod.

Salary In
Sterling.

£ 8.

• •

••

Sftlaiyin
ItdB.

4,250
4,250
4,250
6,000
3,000
2,000

4,000
1,500
5,500
4,000

6,000
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,500
2,100

3,000
5,000

4,000

4,000
2,300

406

Becords of the Cape Colony.

Description of Civil
Offices.

Colonial Paymaster's
Office:

Colonial Paymaster .

Office of Tjand
Revenue :

Beceiver

* • * ■

Collector of Tythes
Office:

Collector • « « .

Port Office^ Cape Town :
Port Captain. . .

Port Office^ Simon's
Town:

Harbour Master . .

Names of Civil
Officers.

McCarthy, M. S. .

Smuts, J. J. L.

Klerck, W. J.. .

Blair, Charles . •

Custom House^ Cape
Town:

• • •

Collector .

Comptroller .
Searcher . .
Storekeeper .

D** Allowance)
for Porterage . . 3

Custom House, Simon's
Town:

Collector ....
Comptroller .

Gardner, Thomas '.

By whom
Appointed.

By the Crown

Blair, Charles -.

Bird, W. W. .
Maude, Edwin
Hare, Joseph .

Dashwood, Francis
Bird, W;W. . .

Silaxyin
Sterlteg.

Salsry fai
Bds.

£ a.

1,000 0

500 0

By Lords of|
Treasury /

By the Crown

1,000 0

1,000 0
700 0

3,700

3,000

2,000

1,800
100

700 0

2,000

Secords of tJie Cape Oalony.

407

DeMTlptloiiofCiTU
Oi&oes.

KameBofClTU
Offloen.

B7 whom
Appointed.

Sftlftxrin
Sterling.

SalaiTin

Wharfnuuster, Cape\
Town . . . ./

Rivers, Harry . .

D'Escury, Charles
Melvill, John . ^

Underwood, Wm. .

Hussey, Dr. Wm. .

Hussey, Dr. . .

Sogers, G. J. . .
Maynier, H. P. W.

Eekewich, ^teorge,
Bowles, Thomas .

Eekewich, George

• •

• .

••

••
f •
••

• •
••

• •
. •
••

By High

Oourt of

Admiralty

£ 8.

• ■

.■
••

••

150 0

••

••
••

300 0
300 0
480 0

600 0

3,500

Irupedorof Lcmda and
Woods:

Inspector ....

5,000

Inspector of Buildings]
and Gbvemment
Surveyor . . .J

5,000

Wine Taster's Office :
Wine Taster . . .

3,000

Medical Committee:
President. . . .

Vaccine Inetitution :
Director ....

1,800

Office o/Enregisterment
qf Slaves:

Inspector . . .
Assistant Inspector .

5,000
2,000

Court of Appeals :

assessor . . • •

D* ....

Secretary. . . .

•

Vice Admiralty Court :
Judge

408

Records of the Cape Colony.

Dttcriptlon of civil
Offices.

'' Surgeon to the Slave^
Lodge . . . ./

Names of Civil
Officexs.

Lj6, W. H,

Vendue Office:

Commissary of Ven-'l

dues . . . ./

Assistant D^ . . .

Ccbpe Diairid:

Landdrost of the Gape)

District . . .J

D' for House Rent

Secretary . , .

Landdrost of Stellen-^

bosch . . . ./
Landdrost of Swellen-^

dam . . . ./
Deputy Landdrost of 1

Galedon . . ./
Landdrost of Tulbagh
Deputy Landdrost of\

Clan William . . /

Landdrost of Graaff^

. Reinet . . . ./

Deputy Landdrost of J

Worcester . . .J
Deputy Landdrost ofi

Beaufort . . ./
Deputy Landdrost ofl

Cradock . . . /
Laoddrost of George.
D* of Uitenhage
Landdrost of

Graham's Town

Reitz, J. F. .
Buyskes, E. A.

Stoll, J. W. . .

• • • •
Schomberg, W. .

Ryneveld, D. J. van

Schoonberg, V. A..

Ryneveld, W. C. van
Fischer, J. H. . .
Bergh, 0. M. .

Stockenstrom, A. .

Graaff, J. F. van de

Baird, J. • . .

Harding, W. W. .

Riet, J. W. van der
Cuyler, J. G. . .

Fraser, G. S. . .

Simon^s Bay :
Resident .

Somerset Farm :
Huperintendent .

Brand, J. H. .

Hart, R.

Bjr whom
Appointed.

Sftlftxyin
Sterlfaig.

Sataxyln
iUta.

1,500

7,000
3,000

4,600

600
2,000

4,500

4,600

2,000
4,500
2,000

4,600

2,000

4,600
4,600

2,000

3,000

. I

2,000

Records of the Cape Colony.

409

DesartottonofCivU
OfDoss.

Names of CivU
OfBoero.

By whmn
Appointed.

Salary in
Sterltaig.

Salary in
Bda.

£ 8.

CLERGY:

defrgynum of the

Ghuroh at Cape

Fleck, Rev. C. .

•*

• •

2,500

Town ... .1

!)• <!• . .

Manger, J. H. von

• ■

2,300

D* d- . .

Berrange, J. C.

• •

2,300

jy oftheChurchl
at StellenboBchJ

Borcherds, M.

• •

2,000

D* d» atthePaarl

Gebhardt, L.

• •

2,000

D* d« at Swart-
land . . .

Scholtz, J..

• •

2,000

!)• d' at Tulbagh

Kicherer .

• •

2,000

D* d* at Swellen-|
dam . . ./

Spyker, J. .

• •

2,000

jy d» at Caledon

Thom,G. .

• •

2,000

D* d» at Graafh
Reinet . . . j

Faure, A. .

• •

2,000

D» d° at George .

Herold, J. T.

• •

2,000

D« d* at Uiten-l
hage . . .J

Moll . .,

• -•

•(

2,000

1> d° at Cradock

Evans .

• •

2,000

!>• d» at Beaufort

Taylor, G. .

• •

2,000

Political Commis-]

sioner for Church

Trutor, P. J. Semor

• •

1,500

Affairs • • . .

Clergyman of the

English Church at

Hough, G.. . .

• •

700 0

Cape Town . .j

•

D« d» at Simon's^
Town . . ./

Sturt, G. . . .

•

••

350 0

Colonial Agent . .

Courtenay, T. P. .

«•
••

600 0

N,B, — ^The appointment of all Officers, not otherwise stated, is with the
Gt>vemor, subject to the approbation of the Crown.

410 Records of tke^ Cape Colony.

Abstract of the Accormts of His Majesti/s JReceiver General at the
Cape of Good Hope, for the Year 1819.

REVENUE :

BdB. akO. It

Balance . . . 390,012 6 1

Lombard bank 93,467 2 1

Discount bank . . . . 27,843 5 3

Vendue duties 197,263 5 3

Customs 263,135 1 1

Land revenue 76,282 0 4

Tithes and transfer duties ...... 280,431 2 2|

Stamps .......... 142,999 4 0

Sequestrator's department ....... 20,329 7 3

Printing department 19,211 3 0

Commando tax 40,652 4 0

Port dues 16,590 4 0

Postage ......... 13,166 4 0

Fines . . . ... . . . . 6,869 1 41

Fees of offices 75,792 1 0

Do. wine taster's department . .' . • « 11,230 6 0

Literest by vendue office on a sum of Bds. 60,000 . . 3,000 0 0

Annual Repayment by Stellenbosch ... . • . 3,000 0 0

Miscellaneous receipts . • 1,998 4 4

Rds. 1,682,266 7 3}

Ilecards of fhe Cape Colony. 411

EXPENDITURE:

RdB. akiL tl.

Civil list, Bterling Balaries ....«• 274,390 0 0

Colonial Bftlaries 483,768 0 Of

Public buUdings (erection of new and repairs of old buildings) 113, 307 4 3|

Cape raiment 89,006 5 1|

Pay of Hottentot captains 2,284 5 Oi

Commissariat expenses 155,681 7 2|

Burgher senate advances 267,273 2 1\

Expenses of offices 32,675 2 0

Criminal prisoners and convicts ..... 16,656 4 1

Remittance to colonial agent 27,969 5 1|

Bible and school fund, in aid of the same .... 3,084 5 0

Freight and passage money, travelling expenses, &c. . . 10,446 4 0\

House rent and lodging money 6,055 7 Oi

Vessels and boats, purchase money and repairs of ditto, in-
cluding charges of the harbour master's departments

at outposts 38,930 0 2|

Repair of the wharf . . • . . .. .. 6,888 7 2

Buckbay and Grootepost establishments • . • . 9,864 7 2i

Frontier service 26,143 0 0

Gk>vemment Constantia wine 4,802 0 0

Commission of circuit 10,443 4 4

Annual repayment by Stellenbosch (destroyed) • . • 3,000 0 0

Miscellaneous expenditure 16,207 0 2|

Balance . . . 84,586 6 5)

Rds. 1,682,265 7 3i

(Signed) J. W. Stoll, Rec' Gen*.

412 jRecards of the Cape Colony.

SUNDRY EXPENDITURE :— 1819.

Bds. akSL it

Surgeon Hamilton, proviuons iflsued to negroes landed from a

wrecked Portuguese brig 182 4 0

Mr. S. v. Gloete, gunpowder supplied for the stone quarry at

Robben Island 120 0 0

Executioner 3000

Mr. Hoets, presents for the Oaffre chiefs .... 798 4 0

Mr. Ooolhaas, an allowance granted to him for having acted

as superintendent at Saldanha Bay .... 250 0 0

Messrs. Marsh and Gadogan, for gunny bags . . . 800 0 0

Executioner 181 0 0

J. Squire, for clothing and victualling the government slaves

at Plettenberg's Bay 241 0 0

Executioner 26 0 0

J. Bnichhauser, for meat supplied to the lions, &c. . . 225 0 0

Dr. Hamilton, provisions issued to the negroes landed from

the Portuguese brig PocXv^ JBeaJ .... 1,419 4 0
Reverend Mr. Moffat, for a waggon as a present to the

Namaqua Chief Africander 800 0 0

Mr. Lawrence, tools for the stone quarry at Robben Island . 396 0 0

Mr. Findley, an allowance granted him as master of the

Alacrity 600 0 0

Beceiver of land revenue, the premiums given by him at the

sale of two government stores ...*.. 192 4 0

Mr. Murphy, an allowance as translator to the coiomittee for

defining the laws which are in force relative to the

slaves 1,500 0 0

Mr. Beck, for a waggon and oxen for the use of the mission-
ary stationed in Gafire Land 1,380 0 0

Landdrost of Swellendam, for two waggons and twenty-four

oxen 2,420 0 0

Mr. Squire, for victualling ten government slaves . . 132 0 0

Mr. Phillips, for clothing, &c 161 2 0

Vendue office, duties on two stores sold by public sale . . 109 0 0

Executioner 39 4 0

J. Bnichhauser, for meat, &c., supplied for the lions, &c. . 225 0 0

Mr. Fynn, as a remuneration for conveying some negroes to

Uitenhage 250 0 0

Mr. Lawrence, tools for the stone quarry at Robben Island • 443 4 0

Premiums given to the highest bidders at the letting of the

wine licences 1,350 0 0

J. Bruchhauser, meat, &c., for the lions .... 225 0 0

Carried forward 14,396 2 0

Beoords of the Cape Cdony. 413

fidik Afl. it.

Biooght forward 14,396 2 0

Executioner 70 4 0

Ditto 32 0 0

Mr. Keeye, the ezpenieB of the funeral of the late master's

mate^ and a sailor of the Conway .... 75 0 0
L. Anhuyzer, artideB supplied by him to the Gaf&e Chief

Lynx 98 4 0

G. Anderson, for fruit trees for goyemment garden . . 98 0 0

J. Scheibe, tools, &c^ for the quarry at Bobben Island. . 635 0 0

Mr. Dinoock, for a surrey on the coast .... 231 6 2)

Executioner 12 0 0

Resident Saldanha Bay, allowance for the forage of a horse . 192 0 0
Resident at Flettenberg's Bay, for victualling the govern-
ment servants at that place 141 0 0

Mr. Bruchhaoser^ meat| &c^ supplied to the lions, &c. . • 225 0 0

Total Bds. 16,207 0 2}

(Signed) J. W. Stoll, Rec' Gen\

414

Records of the Cape Colony,

Return showing the PopuUxtum and Cattle in the Possessiafi of

Gape Town .
GapeDlstilct
SImon'B Town
SlellenboBch
Swellendam.
GraaffBeinet
Uitenhage .
Tolbagh. .
Gaorge . .

Total .

CHBISTIANS:

2,20Y

Y40

218

1,431

1,424

2,464

1,049

1,039

869

11,431

1,4Y8
644

136
1,111
1,481

1,262
934
819

10,481

I
II

1,833

674

120

1,136

1,065

1,816

801

745

596

8,674

1,817

608

114

1,305

1,607

2,775

1,263

1,120

888

11,497

116

134

FREE BLACKS:

11
1^

465

613

557

329

683

362

405

426

HOTTEHrrOTS :

NEOBO
APPBENTICBS:

119

284

442

782

,292

1,026

974

648

6,637

84
207

12
346
728
1,969
868
788
622

6,624

164
220
15
626
725
2,621
994
991
635

6,791

90
166

14
881
691
1,800
938
793
608

489

332

6,481 808

^ s

120
86

6
18

|20»
55
18
M

179

309

83
26

5
17

132

Betum shomng the State of Cultivation and Quantity of Land

liUIDS SOWN:

HULDS REAPED:

•

OapeTown .

• •

Ibt.

• •

G^ District.

3,297

810

3,606

l7li

33,171

18,241

24,906

1,066

8,965,488

S.6flS.8B6

Siinon'a Town

• •

• 1

• •

SteHenboach.

4,884

662i

3,675

346i

83,048

11,084

24,294

2,362

738,119

20,568.868

Swallandam .

3,172

926

486i

84,828

9,916

3,683

»»*

• •

1,12S,4M

GraaffBeinet

1,000

459

20,321

9,417

214

• •

867,37T

Uitenhage . .

885

207

37i

9,084

2,070

274

• •

^N.^M

l^lbagfa . . .

3.291

881

890

266

35,436

13,426

8,466

2,683

• «

1,«IS,SI6

George . . .

1,043

361

• •

12,711

4,142

• •

• ■

9M,m

Total . .

17,672

4,205i

8,6221

807*

178,099

68,296

61,620 6,269*

S.MS.fiM

i7,«T.ai

Beeords of the Cape Colony.
Indwiduah at the Cape of Good Hope in the Tear 1819.

415

SLAVES;

8,058
145

4,m

1,066
1.036

408
1,480

688

U,*25

1,288

491

L,S61
MO

183

«61
841

6,963

1.9T4

670
48
1,952
659
6f0
841
8f4
440

7.628

CATTLE:

1.131

610
27
1,124
688

816

184
638
361

2,137

5,114
8,824
5,519
1,180
8,449
1,387

4,880

2,695

4,032
11,737
10,696
2,362
7.368
3,227

23,61042,017

-S)

9,578

18,461
14,625
16,407
14,605
14,367
12,446

99,489

4,678

6,649
20,663
106,443
53,542
20,919
22,539

2,776

10,012
1,575
2,843
800
6,363
2,185

6,173

16,004

70,631

823,943

(a)»«230

*^,837

••681

233,433,26,554 ••68,499

2,619

1,162
4,888
1,039

• •

1,653

11,861

4,658243

12,078
43,247
130,085
33,948
60,996
1,186

143
10

275,193395

457

1,788

576

175

1,323
862

4,748

(a) The flgoTM omitted In thJe oQlmnn are illegible in the MS.

Tccttpied

LANDS IN FREE-
HOLD:

LANDS IN
QUIT-BENT:

1.882

604

170

101

163

14,192

46,026

316

19,468
4i06i
310

6U
798
1384

18,643i

629i
72
89

aoii

113
82

1,059

1,515
1,127
3,068

748
1,137

660

7,844

484

67
86

126

879

113
458i
358i
88
474
107

1,645

1396
29i

• •

30i
86

709

106

170

• •

766

20,062

3,000

37,340

110

168

120

2894

51,464

84,193

100,604

• •

3,501
6

286,793

420
400

• a

418

• •

1,607

416

Beeords of the Cape CoUyuy.

[Copy.]
Return of Troops on the Frontier on the Ist of January 1820.

Corps.

SergeantB.

DrnmmerB
orBoglen.

Bank and
File.

TcUL

Boyal Artillery

• •

Royal Engineers .

38tli Eegiment

324

340

64th Begiment

246

260

72nd Regiment

366

386

Royal African Corps

562

606

Cape Cavalry

125

135

Cape Infantry

261

267

2052

(Signed) A. A. O'Keilly, Brigade Major.

[Original]
Zette/r from the Navy Board to Henry GtoULBURK, Esqre.

Nayt Office, Itt January 1820.

Sir, — In return to your letter of the 16th November last, we
acquaint you, for the information of Earl Bathurst, that orders
have been given for Mr. Sephton's Party of Settlers (No. 40) to
embark in the Aurora Transport, at Deptford, on Wednesday
next for Passages to the Cape of Good Hope. We are &c.

(Signed)

H. Peake,
H. Legge,

J. BOWKK.

Hecords of the Cape Colony. 417

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. John Stanlev^ to Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

LivBRFOOL, lit January 1820.

Sir, — ^Applying to Lieut. Church on the subject of beds for
persons going to the Cape under my direction, he refers me to the
Secretary of State's Office. As soldiers in transports are always
found beds, I fully expected they would be found for my party,
and as a matter of course came unprepared with them. My wife
and self are provided, but the settlers will want 20 beds and
suitable blankets, as they are now on board quite destitute for
themselves and children. The weather being severe, they arid
their children feel the effects of it, and, as it is not in my power
to find them, having been at a great expense for many months
without being able to get a profit for my business, my capital is
reduced at least one third since my offer to Government wa« made
to proceed to the Cape. Eequesting yoii will be good enough to
grant the beds immediately. I am &c.

(Signed) John Stanley.

[Office Copy.]
Letter from Lord Bathurst to Lord Charles Somerset.

DowKiNO Street, ^(h Januury 1820.

My Lord, — In addition to those persons who have either pro-
ceeded or are on the point of proceeding to the Cape as Settlers,
under the Conditions and Eegulations prescribed in the Printed
Circulars of which I had the honor of enclosing a Copj' to Your
Lordship in my Dispatch of 20th July, there are many others who
have made offers of settling in the Colony, without any other
encouragement than a Grant of Land proportioned to their means
of cultivation and to the number of persons whom they may take
out. In all such cases in which the parties have been able to
adduce satisfactory proof of their means and qualifications, I have
had no difficulty in assuring them a (J rant of Land on their
arrival in the Colony : and it is in consequence of this assurance

XII. J E

418 Mecords of the Cape Colony.

that Major General Campbell has engaged to proceed with 100
persons upon condition of receiving Land at the rate of 100 acres
for every family which may be actufiJly settled on the Land
allotted to him.

By the enclosed Copy of a Letter from the Major (reneral you
will observe that it is his intention in the first instance to dispatch
9 persons to make the necessary preparations for receiving the
further number of Settlers whom he proposes to send out, and I
have therefore to desire your Lordship would make to them an
adequate Grant of Land for the erection of their Buildings, and
the commencement of cultivation, reserving at the same time a
sufficient quantity of Land adjoining to accommodate the Settlers
who may be sent out by M. General Campbell to complete his
original proposal

The other persons who have engaged to settle at the Cape under
similar conditions are :

Mr. John Leigh and 20 families,

Mr. W. Currie,

Mr. Henry Moore,

Messrs. Thos. Peterkin and Jno. Carr,

Mr. Wm. Jones,

Mr. Walter Meacey,

Mr. James Hill,

Mr. B. Burnett,

Mr. Eoberts with 19 families,

to whom your Lordship will also extend the similar indulgence of
a corresponding grant of Land. But Your Lordship will distinctly
understand in all these Cases, that the parties not having made
any deposit in this Country are not entitled to receive any money
on their arrival, nor to the other advantages which Your Lordship
was authorized to extend under my Dispatch of the 20th July to
the Settlers sent out at the charge of Government. I am &c.

(Signed) Bathubst.

Records of the Cape Colony. 419

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. Thomas Beale to Henry Goulburn, Esqbe.

5 Chapel Stbbet, Grosvenob Square, Mh January 1820.

Sir, — I am induced to trespass again on your time in con-
sequence of the disquietude of some who have engaged to ac-
company me to the Cape of Good Hope, as also from my own
anxiety to arrive at that Colony previous to the departure there-
from of the present Governor, Lord Charles Somerset, to whom
I have the honor of being personally known. It may also be
necessary to acquaint you for the information of Lord Bathurst
that three of the number whose names I had the honor to lay
before you have relinquished their engagements, two as I am
informed to proceed to the United States of America. I beg
however to state that should His Lordship be pleased to
approve of my proceeding to that Colony, I shall have no
difficulty in completing the number already proposed on the
terms and plan stated in your printed Letter of the 27th October
last.

But should it meet the approbation of His Lordship to deviate
from the plan therein laid down and allow the Settlers who may
engage to emigrate to that Colony rations on their passage thereto,
I will engage within three weeks from receiving notice thereof, to
take with me from twenty to thirty Settlers with their families,
for each of whom I will deposit the security required by the said
Letter, to be returned to me on their being located on the Land
assigned. I have &c.

(Signed) Thos. Beale.

E 2

420 Records of the Cape Colony.

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. John Sta^nley to Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

LiYEBFOOL, January 4^ 1820.

Sir, — I was answered with your note of the 31st ulto., for
which am obliged. The purport of the present is to hand you
original, duplicate, and triplicate return of settlers proceeding
under my direction to the Cape of Good Hope.

As I before requested, the beds and blankets required are very
much wanted. You will readily admit that when the weather is
80 severe as to make the thermometer rest 14 degrees below the
freezing point, that it cannot be very comfortable for men, women
and little children from 1 month to 6 years old to take up their
abode every night on bare boards, on board the John, now lying in
the Eiver Mersey. As to my finding them is entirely out of the
question. For want of them I have been obliged to take Ash-
brook's family ashore, as for want of proper bedding clothes, and
the proper necessaries, one of his children is dying of a fever, and
two others of the measles. They are now ashore at my expense,
for lodging, medicines and the necessary food, what I certainly
was totally unprepared for. I have no children of my own, yet it
would appear I am liable to the maintenance of fifteen both in
England and elsewhere, to which my funds are totally inadequate,
for as I before observed what with the total absence of business
and the support of my family for 6 months, since my offer in
July my property is reduced full one third.

I beg to be excused for being thus candid and remain &c.

(Signed) John Stanley.

N.B. The letter to Lord Chwrles Somerset is on board the Jok%,
but shall be sent by tomorrow night's post.

Records of the Cape Colony^ 421

[Original.]
Letter from Mr. Henry Ulyate to Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

2 Clapham Road, 4<^ January 1820.

Sir, — I trust the undermentioned circumstances will plead an
excuse for this application to you requesting a grant of land at the
intended new Settlement in the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope.
I some time back entered into an engagement with a gentleman
who was going out in Mr. Wait's party, the unfortunate failure of
whom has prevented his going and in consequence placed me Id
an unpleasant situation having prepared myself, wife, and 6
children with every requisite, and sold my furniture; should I
not be successful in this application I should be a very consider-
able loser, which I sincerely hope will not be the case. I possess
a small capital of £270, have a slight knowledge of agriculture
and the manufacturing of agricultural instruments. I am quite
willing to pay my passage to the Cape by the first conveyance for
myself and family should I be so fortunate as to receive from you
such Grant, and am, Sir &c.

(Signed) Hy. Ulyate.

P.S. Your answer at your earliest convenience will be con-
sidered an obligation as by delay I might lose an opportunity of
taking my passage for a considerable time.

[Original.]

Letter from Captain Walter Synnot to Henry

Goulburn, Esqre.

Ballymoyeb Lodge, 5th January 1820.

Sir, — The length of time which has elapsed since the receipt
of your instructions directing me to expect an order from the
Commissioners of the Navy induces me to suppose som« mistake

422 Recoi'ds of the Cape Colony,

must have occasioned the delay. I consider it my duty to inform
you that no official notice has been made to me, and that the
settlers under my care are extremely dissatisfied and difficult
to be kept together, that a very heavy expense attends holding
them in constant readiness such a length of time, and I can assure
you* is extremely prejudicial to the welfare of my undertaking.
Most of the stores absolutely necessary must be obtained at the
place of embarkation, and to be hurried ofif without them would
expose us to the greatest hardships. I have received private
letters from Cork informing me there is no other ship for the
reception of settlers for the Cape of Good Hope than the Fanny,
whose cabin is so small that I am requested to join in the expence
of making it more airy. I beg you will taike these circumstances
under your serious consideration, and direct that I shall be
furnished with positive instructions how I am to proceed.

I have &c.

(Signed) Walter Synnot.

[Original.]
Letter from Lord Charles Somerset to Earl Bathurst.

Oapb of Good Hope, 61^ January 1820.

My Lord, — I beg leave to acquaint your Lordship that I have
granted leave of absence for the time of three months from the
period of his Embarkation from hence, to William Underwood,
Esquii'e, Wine Taster, to return to Europe on his private affairs.

I have directed Mr. Underwood to report himself to your Lord-
ship on his arrival in England, and to apply to you for any
further extension of leave, and I have furnished him with the
certificate required by Your Lordship's Dispatch No. 9 dated
2lBt April 1818. I have &c.

(Signed) Charles Henry Somersfi.

Records of the Cape Colony, 423

[Original.]
Letter from the Navy Board to Henry Goulburn, Esqrb.

Nayt Office, Wi January 1820.

Sir, — ^We have received your letter, of the 5th instant, inclosing
a Copy of one from Mr. John Stanley, requesting to be supplied
with beds during the passage of himself and Party of Settlers
to the Cape of Good Hope, and we acquaint you, in return, that
Orders are given for beds to be supplied as desired by Earl
Bathurst. We are &c.

(Signed) E. Seppings,

H. Lkgge,

J. BOWEN.

[Original.]
Letter from the Navy Board to Henry Goulburn, Esqrb.

Navy Offiob, 6th January 1820.

Sir, — In return to your Note of the 5th instant, we acquaint
you for the information of Earl Bathurst, that directions were
given on the 17th ultimo for Mr. Wait's Party of Emigrants
to embark on board the Zoroaster, of 460 tons, at Deptford, on
the 22nd of last month. We are &c.

(Signed) E. Seppings,

H. Legge,
J. BowEN.

424

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[Original.]
Letter from Mr. Thomas Pringle to Henry Goulburn, Esqrs.

43 Pbinges Stbbit, Soho, London, Jantiary Sth 1820.

Sir, — I beg leave to inform you that the party of settlers
proceeding under my direction to the Cape of Good Hope have
now all arrived in London, and that I have notified their arrival
to Captain Young of the Transport office, who has promised
to have them embarked in a few days.

IVevious to their departure from Scotland, however, some
alterations had taken place in the names and numbers of the
party, which it is necessary to report to you. When nearly ready
to sail from Leith, the servants, both those engaged by my father
and our friend Mr. Sydserff, and who had been all engaged on
written agreements for four years, refused to emiarTvni^
certain extravagant demands were conceded to them, quite incon-
sistent with the terms they had engaged upon and incompatible
with our future circumstances. Bather than submit to this con-
spiracy or incur the trouble of seeking legal redress, my Mends
discharged the whole of them, and engaged other men in their
stead. But not being able to find a smith and joiner on such
short notice, my eldest brother has also remained behind in
Scotland, with the view of joining us next year with some
accessions of money and implements. In consequence of these
changes the party now consists of 21 individuaLs, in place of the
27 formerly stated in the official lists, viz. besides myself 10 men,
6 women, and 4 children, Alexander IToble's wife and four
children being, of course, left with him. This man IToble was
the instigator of the conspiracy for a rise of wages &c.

With a view to fill up the vacancy that now remains for
one man, I have advertised yesterday, but we do not consider it
of any importance unless required by the Colonial Office.

I inclose a list of the individuaLs withdrawn and of those added
in their place, and hope you wiU be pleased to allow of the
alterations, especially as we now bring rather more capital and
fewer persons.

Mr. Barrow of the Admiralty has informed me that you have
been so good as to promise me a letter of recommendation to the

Records of the Cape Colony.

445

Governor. For this most important favour I beg to present my
most grateful and respectful acknowledgments.

As a slight testimony of my sense of the obUging attention you
have bestowed on my concerns, I beg leave to request your
acceptance of the little volume which accompanies this letter, and

I remain &C.

(Signed) Thos. Peingle.

[Enclosure.]

Names of the persons withdrawn from Thos. Pringle's Party of
Settlers proceeding to the Cape of Good Hope.

William Pringle, Agriculturist
Alexr. Noble, Joiner

Walter Tumbull, Blacksmith

Andrew Soott, Ploughman

William Bitchie, Ploughman

Isabel Horack, wife of Alexr. Noble

Margaret Noble • • \

Mary Noble . . .1 children of

Isabel Noble • . . / Alexr. Noble

Christian Noble . . I

Total .

5 men.

= 1 woman.

= 4 children^

10 persons.

Names of the persons engaged into the party in place of those
withdrawn.

4 men.

Thomas Davidson, Agriculturist, aged 22 . •
James Echom, ploughman, aged 20 •
Alexander Mortimer, ploughman, aged 23 •
James Sonness, ploughman, aged 19 •

Of the four men last mentioned the two former are natives
of Boxburgshire, the two latter, servants of Mr. SydserfP, are from
East Lothian.

446 Records of the Cape Colony,

fOriginal]
Lett&t from the Navy Board to Henbt Goulburn, Esqrx.

Nayt Office, lli^ January 1820.

Sir, — ^With reference to your letter, of the 11th of November
last, we request that you will inform us, if you are now enabled
so to do, of the probable time when the Emigrants for the Cape
of Good Hope proceeding from Cromarty will be ready for Em-
barkation ; and, further, whether the numbers of the Emigrants
will be nearly the same as are stated in your Letter of the 26th
of October last; viz. 600 men and women and 50 additional
persons above 14 years of age, amounting to the total number
of 1,400 men, women and children. We are &c.

(Signed) E. Sbppings,

J. Thomson,

J. BOWEN.

[Original.]
Letter from the Navy Board to Henry Goulburn, Esqre.

Navt Office, llih January 1820.

Sir, — ^We have received your Letter of the 10th instant, calling,
by desire oi Earl Bathurst, our immediate attention to the necessity
of pressing the Embarkation and Departure of such Parties of
Settlers for the Cape of Gt)od Hope as may be still waiting at the
various Ports for conveyance to that Settlement ; and we request
you to inform His Lordship that the detention of such of the
Emigrants as have not sailed has arisen solely from the state
of the weather and the Biver Thames being blocked up with ice.

We are &c.

(Signed) R Seppings^

J. Thomson,
J. BowEN.

Becorda of the Cape Colony. 447

[Copy.]
Letter from Mr. Thomas Willson to Captain Young.

La Belle AUianoe, Deptfobd, I2th January 1820.

SiE, — I have to express my regret that any representation has
been made by individuals of my party to Earl Bathurst, com-
plaining of a want of attention to their health, or of the general
accommodation provided in the La Belle Alliance, more particularly
as I find after duly investigating the matter that such representa-
tion is utterly devoid of truth (no such partition as stated having
existed at all). The whole appears to have originated in some
petty jealousy of the individuals, one of whom I have found it
prudent to send on shore, the signatures I understand were un-
duly obtained, one being that of a female and the others readily
admitted to be the effect of misrepresentation. It is but justice.
Sir, due to you and a pleasant duty to myself to bear testimony
of the general satisfaction of my Party for the excellent arrange-
ment and accommodation which has been made under your
direction, and an unprejudiced mind must readily perceive that
every humane consideration has been judiciously combined with
public oeconomy and the arduous duties of office, a feeling that
I shall ever feel proud and grateful to acknowledge in subscribing
myself, Sir, &c.

(Signed) Thos. Willson.

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Becards of the Cape Colony,

[Office Copy.]
Progress in embarking Settlers for the Cape of Good Hope.

Name of Head of Baity.

Scott, Greorge

Grause, LieuteDant Charles .

Owen, Thomas

Bowles, Thomas

Mandy, John

Carlisle, J

Bailie, John

Willson, Thomas

Mahony, Thomas

Clark, William ......

Smith, William

Dalgaims, Charles

Pigot, Captain George ....

Damant, Edward

Dixon, J. H

Morgan, Nathaniel

Howard, William

Gumey, Charles

Menezes, William

Biggar, Alexander

Parkin, John

Ford, Edward

Campbell, Captain D

Hyman, Charles

Bowker, Miles

Osier, Benjamin

Smith, George

Bichardson, James

Griffith, Lieutenant Valentine .

Keave, Joseph

White, Lieutenant

Stanley, John .

Mouncey, Charles

Wainwright, Jonathan ....
Hayhurst and Whittey ....

Liversage, Samuel

Philipps, Thomas

Greathead, J. H ;

Soutbey, George

Holder, William

Bradshaw, Samuel

Ingram, John

Butler, Captain Thomas ....

Sephton, Hezekiah

Parker, William

Name of YesaeL

Nautilus

Chapman

La Bdle Alliance
Northampton

99
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99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

Stentor

99
99
99
99

John

99
99
99
99

Kennenley Castle

99
99
99

When sailed.

5 December 1819

99
99

9 December 1819

6 January 1820

99
99
99
99

6 January 1820

99
99

7 January 1820

99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

12 Januaiy 1820

99
99
99
99

12 Januaiy 1820

99
99

Kmbarked

Fanny

Aurora
East Indian

9»
f9

jReeords of the Cape Colony.

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Name of Head of Fwrty.

Calton, Thomas . . .
Wait, William . . .
Dyason, George . . .
Krith, Thomas . . .
Pringle, Thomas . . .
Mills, IJaDiel ....
Cock, William . . .
Gardner, Edward .
Turvey, Edward .
Synnot, Captain Walter .
James, Samuel .

Name of Yessel.

Albury
Zoroastet'

Whenaailed.

[Original.]
Letter from Sir Eufane Shawe Donkin to Earl Bathurst.

GoYEBKiiENT HousE, Cape Town, January \2th 1820.

My Lord, — I have the honor of acquainting your Lordship that
I have this day received charge of this Government from Lord
Charles Somerset, who has embarked for England.

In making this communication to your Lordship I beg to be
allowed to add that no efforts shall be wanting on my part to
obtain your Lordship's approbation during the time I may hold
this important situation, and I am impressed with the belief that
the most likely means to obtain it will be by adhering to the
general system and by following up the plans of Lord Charles
Somerset.

As I am well aware of the interest which is attached by His
Majesty's Government to the effectual Colonization of Southern
Africa I shall not fail to direct my attention and exertions in
a particular manner to that object, and as the first embarkation
of Colonists may now shortly be expected here, it is my intention
to proceed to the Interior, so as to be myself on the Spot at the
time of their Establishment, with a view to aid and encourage
their Endeavors, as well as to remove at once difficulties as far as
it may be in my power to do so. I have &c.

(Signed) E. S. Donkin.

502

Xecords of the Cape Cohmy.

[Original.]
Letter from the Navy Board to Henbt Goulbusn, Esqre.

Natt Offios, 13t& January 1820.

Sib, — ^We have received your letter of the 8th instant, inclosing
for our consideration a copy of a Petition addressed to Earl Bathurst
by John Scott and others attached to the Party of Settlers pro-
ceeding to the Cape of (rood Hope under Mr. Wilson's super-
intendence, complaining of the mode in which the Transport
La Belle Alliance has been fitted up.

In return, we transmit herewith, for His Lordship's information,
a Copy of a letter from Captain Young, Agent for Transports at
Deptford, dated the 12th instant, and also a copy of one from
Mr. Wilson, referred to therein, showing the complaint to be
entirely groundless, and that every humane consideration has been
studied for the comfort of the Settlers. We are &c.

(Signed)

E. Seppings,
J. Thomson,

J. BOWEN.

[Original.]
Letter from Mb. Thomas Pbingle to Henby Goulbubn, Esqbb.

43 PuiroEB Stbekt, Soho, London, January 13thj 1820.

Sib, — I had the honour to receive your note of the 10th instant
the day before yesterday, and would have more promptly obeyed
your directions in returning the letter to the ^Governor, had I not
experienced some difficulty in getting it out of a trunk which my
friends had left at the wharf on their arrival. I now inclose it
along with the full and final lists of my whole party, which are
now perfectly completed by the accession of Wm. Elliot, and
E. Bedgard a saddler with his wife and two children. As the
latter of these persons, besides possessing a trade which may be
very useful to the party and neighbourhood, is possessed of con-
siderable capital I hope his joining us with his relation Wm.
Elliot, who is bred a farmer, will meet with your approbation.

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Full text of "Records of the Cape Colony : from February 1793 to April 1831 ; copied for the Cape Government from the manuscript documents in the Public Record Office, London"

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