BIG GAME
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SEVENTH EDITION
1914
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Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2010 with funding from
Boston Public Library
http://www.archive.org/details/recordsofbiggame1914ward
ROWLAND WARD'S
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
First Edition
published 1892.
Second , ,
1896.
Third , ,
1899.
Fourth , ,
1903-
Fifth , .
i9°7-
Sixth
1910.
Seventh , ,
i9!4-
ROWLAND WARD'S
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
WITH
THEIR DISTRIBUTION, CHARACTERISTICS, DIMENSIONS,
WEIGHTS, AND
HORN & TUSK MEASUREMENTS
SEVENTH EDITION
EDITED BY
R. LYDEKKER, f.r.s.
AND
J. B. BURLACE, f.r.g.s., f.z.s.
"^s^m^Sfe-
&%m0&&
LONDON
ROWLAND WARD, limited
"THE JUNGLE," 167 PICCADILLY, W.
I914
cy
A II rights reserved
fetfcu
tt/
TO THE
SPORTSMEN OF THE WORLD
WITHOUT WHOSE ENTERPRISE THESE RECORDS
COULD NOT HAVE BEEN COMPILED
THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED
PREFACE TO THE SEVENTH EDITION
There are three main points the great -game sportsman
generally wants to ascertain : — ist, the name of his quarry ;
2nd, how it compares in point of size with other specimens
of the same species ; and, 3rd, what is the extent of its geo-
graphical range. All these he will be able to ascertain from
the present work.
As in former editions, the finest known specimens of antlers,
horns, tusks, and skins are, so far as possible, recorded. It is
to be regretted that one pair of hands and a steel-tape are not
responsible for the measurements of all the actual "records."
But it has been found impracticable in some instances to verify
the measurements of trophies, especially in distant parts of the
world ; and such records must accordingly be taken on the
responsibility of their respective owners or those who have been
good enough to measure them. One of the many difficulties
in connection with compilations of this nature is due to the
circumstance that different measurements of the same specimen
are sometimes received, this often arising from the use of a tape
or string instead of a steel-measure.
Great care has been taken with regard to the accuracv of
the dimensions given ; and, considering the number of measure-
ments, it will be readily understood the task attempted has been
one of no ordinary difficulty.
viii RECORDS OF BIG GAME
In the case of the horns of freshly killed hollow-horned
ruminants an allowance for shrinkage should be made when com-
paring with older trophies. An average specimen of an Ovis
amnion horn, for instance, will frequently shrink half an inch
in length and proportionately in girth after it has left the field.
Ivory tusks also deteriorate in weight.
Among the deer tribe many difficulties have arisen as to
comparison ; and it may be pointed out that although length of
antlers is invariably put at the top of the list, other particulars,
such as number of tines, general symmetry, spread, and weight
of antlers, go in many instances to the making of a good trophy.
A notebook for use on the field will be found in a pocket at
the end of this volume.
Acknowledgments are due to a number of sportsmen
(especially to Sir Edmund G. Loder) and naturalists all over
the world for the help they have afforded.
As in the three previous editions, Mr. Lydekker is responsible
for the technical nomenclature and descriptions. Since the text
was printed off he has ascertained that Sika is the proper sub-
generic name of the deer of the Sika group, and nippon the
earliest specific designation of the type species. The amended
names of the various members of this group will consequently
stand as follows : —
1. Cervus {Sika) nippon, p. 49.
(a) C. nippon typicus, p. 50.
{b) C. nippon manchuricus, p. 50.
2. Cervus {Sika) tacvanus, p. 51.
3. Cervus {Sika) hortulorum, p. 52.
THE EDITORS.
May 1 9 1 4.
ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS
— Owner's measurements and particulars, or other known authority.
6 Male. ? Female. ... Unrecorded.
R, Right horn or antler. L, Left horn or antler.
G.S. Greatest spread.
Measurements are usually on the outside of the longest horn from base to
tip ; but in Deer from the bottom outside edge of the burr, or coronet, to the
highest tip-point, except when notified to the contrary.
Circumference is at the base ; in most Deer above brow-tine, but in the Red-
Deer and Wapiti group between bez and trez tines.
Length is expressed in inches, when not otherwise stated, and the tape
should be laid on the centre of the front curve of antelope horns such as Reed-
buck, etc.
Weights taken in the field should be accepted as approximate, and, unless
the contrary is stated, are those of adult males.
Heights are in most cases taken at the shoulder of adult males (see p. 517).
N.B. — Unless the contrary is stated, the specimens and illustrations are those
of males.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Abyssinian Bohor Reed buck, Skull and
Horns
,, Buffalo, Skull and Horns
,, Ibex, Skulls and Horns
,, Oribi, Head
Addax, Head ....
Addra Gazelle, Skull and Horns .
African Buffalo ....
,, Horns and Skull,
418, 421, 422
,, Elephant, Head
,, ,, Tusk
American Bison, Skull and Horns
Anoa, Head ....
Arabian Ibex, Skull and Horns
,, Oryx, Head
Armenian Mouflon
Arui, Head ....
Asiatic Ibex, Head
Babirusa, Head ..... 460
Bantin, Head ..... 445
Barasingha, Head . . . 54, 55
Beira, Head . . . . . .167
,, Skull and Horns . . . 168
Beisa, Head ..... 291
Bharal, Skull and Horns . . . 385
Bison ....... 432
Black Bighorn, Head .... 393
Blackbuck, Skull and Horns . . 235
,, Head .... 237
Black Rhinoceros, Head . . 467
,, ,, Horns . . . 466
Blesbok, Horns and Head . 145, 147
Blue Duiker, Head .... 162
Bohor Reedbuck, Frontlet and Horns . 219
Bokharan Argali, Skull and Horns . 403
Bongo, Head ..... 323
Bontebok, Head ..... 143
Brindled Gnu, Frontlet and Horns . 150
221
422
372
176
298
272
419
424
479
481
434
431
375
295
413
387
367
Brindled Gnu, Head
Brown Bear, Skull
Bubal Hartebeest, Horns
Bushbuck, Skull and Horns
Head .
PAGE
151
518
Il8
303
307
131
Cape Hartebeest, Head
Carpathian Red Deer, Skulls and Antlers
16, 17, 24, 25
Chamois, Skulls and Horns . 335, 338, 339
Chilian Guemal, Skull and Antlers . 109
Chiru 233
Chital, Frontlet and Horns ... 70
Cyprian Red Sheep, Head . . . 412
Defassa Waterbuck, Skull and Horns . 191
Dibatag, Head ..... 224
Domesticated Goat, Head . . . 378
Dorcas Gazelle, Head .... 250
Duikerbok, Skull and Horns . .158
Dybowski's Sika . . • • 53
,, ,, Head. ... 52
Eastern Red Deer, Skull and Antlers 28, 29
Edmi Gazelle, Horns .... 248
Eland, Head 325
,, Horns (Cow) .... 329
Elk, Antlers .... 96, 100
Fallow Deer, Head
Forest-Hog, Head
Four-horned Antelope, Skull
Fringe-eared Beisa, Head
Gaur, Head ..... 439
Gayal, Skull and Horns . . . 444
Gemsbuck, Skull and Horns . . 288
Gerenuk, Head ..... 278
German Red Deer, Antlers ... 27
Giant Irish Deer, Skull and Antlers . 77
and
• 74
• 456
Horns 300
• 293
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Giraffe, Skull . . . . 113
Gnu, Head 156
Goa, Head ...... 238
Goitred Gazelle, Head .... 242
Grant's Gazelle, Skulls and Horns 265, 267
Guemal, Skull and Antlers . . . 109
Hangul, Skull and Antlers ... 32
Heuglin's Gazelle, Head . . 259
Himalayan Goral ..... 340
Hog-Deer, Head ..... 72
Hunter's Hartebeest . . 136
Head . 13S
Ibex, Head . . . . 371
Indian Buffalo, Head .... 427
Elephant, Skull and Tusks . 474
Gazelle, Head .... 246
,, Rhinoceros, Horn . . 462
Jackson's Hartebeest, Skull and Horns. 129
Javan Rhinoceros ..... 464
Rusa, Antlers .... 68
Kamchatkan Bighorn, Skull and Horns 394
Kashmir Barasingha, Skull and Antlers 32
Head ... 36
Kennion's Gazelle, Heads . . 245
Klipspringer, Head . . . .186
Kongoni, Head . . . . 125
Korrigum, Head . 137
Kudu, Head . . . . 317
Lake Chad Ox, Skull and Horns . 447
Lechwe, Head and Fore-cjuarters . 196
,, Head 199
t Kudu, Head .... 321
Lichtenstein's Hartebeest, Head . . 133
Lion, Forepart ..... 488
Livingstone's Suni, Skull and Horns 180
Loder's Gazelle, Horns . . 257
Lord Derby's Kland, Head . . 331
,, Skull and Horns . 333
Malay Sambar, Frontlet and Antlers . 65
Manchurian Tiger, Skin . . . 496
Marco Polo's Argali, Skull and Horns 404, 405
Markhor, Head (Astor) . . 358
Skull and Horns (Cabul) . 365
,, ,, (Pir Panjal) 361
,, ,, (Sulerrlan) . 364
Marsh-Deer, Antlers .... 108
-tamian Fallow Deer, Head 76
Milu Deer, Head 79
la Gazelle, Head . . . 262
Mongolian Argali, Horns
,, Gazelle, Frontlet and Horns
Mourlon, Head .....
Mountain Nyala, Skull and Horns
Mountain Reedbuck, Skull and Horns .
Mrs. Gray's Lechwe, Head .
Mule-Deer, Heads . . . 104,
Muntjac, Skulls and Antlers . 80
Musk-Deer, Head
Musk-Ox, Head ....
Neumann's Hartebeest, Skull and Horns
New Zealand Red Deer, Head
Nilgai, Head ....
Nilgiri Tahr, Head
North African Red Deer, Antlers .
Nubian Ibex, Head
Nyala, Horns ....
Oribi, Head .....
Pala, Head
Pallas's Tur, Head
Pelzeln's Gazelle, Head
Pere David's Milu Deer, Head
Phillips's Dik-dik, Skull and Horns
Pigmy Hippopotamus .
Prongbuck, Head ....
Przewalski's Gazelle, Head .
Puku, Skull and Horns
Red Deer, Antlers (Exmoor)
,, Antlers in the Castle at Moritz
burg .
(Old English) ' .
(Scotch) .
,, ,, (Spanish)
Red-fronted Gazelle, Skull and Horns
Reedbuck, Head ....
Reindeer, Antlers .... 83,
Roan Antelope, Head .
,, ,, Skull and Horns .
Rocky Mountain Bighorn, Skull and
Horns .....
Rocky Mountain Goat, Head
Roebuck (Tien Shan), Head .
Sable Antelope, Head .
,, Skull and 1 buns
Saiga, Head ...
,, Horns ....
Saikik Gazelle, Skull and Horns .
Salt's Dik-dik, Dead .
Sambar, Frontlet and Horns
Head .
401
241
414
310
216
200
105
, 82
112
351
128
12
3OI
356
31
373
308
174
226
383
255
79
170
45i
116
240
209
27
13
1
14
260
213
84, 86
284
284
389
349
94
280
283
232
231
244
169
63
61
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF LLLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
l'AGF.
Sassaby, Head ....
I48
Tora Hartebeest, Head
121
Schomburgk's Deer, Skull and Antlers
57
Tsaine, Head .....
445
Seistan Gazelle, Heads
245
Serow, Head ....
343
Uganda Kob, Skull and Horns
204
Shapo, Head ....
407
Urial
410
Sharpe's Steinbok, Skull and Horns
184
,, Skull and Horns.
409
Shou, Skull and Antlers
37
Siberian Argali, Head .
399
Vaal Rhebok, Head ....
211
Sika, Skull and Antlers
49
Sind Wild Goat, Skull and Horns
376
Walrus, Head .....
513
Situtunga, Horns ....
312
,, Skull and Tusks
515
,, Western, Horns .
315
Wapiti, Head .....
41
Scemmerring's Gazelle, Head
269
,, Skull and Antlers
45
Somali Hartebeest, Head
123
Wart- Hog, Tusks and Head . . 457
» 459
Spanish Ibex, Skull and Horns
379
Waterbuck, Frontlet and Horns .
188
Speke's Gazelle, Head .
253
Western Hartebeest, Head .
119
Springbuck, Horns and Head . 27
5, 277
,, Kob, Head ....
202
Steinbok, Skull and Horns .
183
,, Tur .....
381
Head ....
185
White-bearded Gnu, Head
153
Sudani Bohor Reedbuck, Head
222
,, ,, Skull and Horns .
154
Sumatran Rhinoceros, Horn .
465
White Bighorn, Head ....
39i
Suni, Head .
179
White-eared Kob, Head
207
Swayne's Dik-dik, Head
170
White-maned Serow, Head .
346
White Oryx, Head ....
296
Tahr, Head .....
353
White Rhinoceros, Head
470
Takin, Head ....
347
,, ,, . Horns
47i
Thamin, Skull and Antlers .
60
,, ,, Skull and Horns
470
Thomson's Gazelle, Heads .
263
White-tailed Deer, Mexican, Head
103
Tiang, Skull and Horns
139
,, ,, Virginian, Head
IOI
Tibetan Antelopes
233
Wild Boar, Head
452
,, Argali, Head .
397
,, ,, Tusk .....
454
Tien-Shan Ibex, Head .
367
Tiger, Head ....
493
Yak, Skull and Horns . .
436
,, Skin .....
492
Yarkand Stag, Skull and Antlers .
35
Topi, Head .....
141
Yellow-backed Duiker, Head
165
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Shot by Mr. Walter Jones.
The RED DEER (Cervus elaphus).
The red deer of Western Europe is the typical representative of
the genus Cervus, in which the antlers of the stags are set on the skull
at an oblique angle to the middle line of the forehead, and have a true
brow-tine, while they are generally more or less nearly cylindrical.
There is always a large bare portion on the muzzle, the face is long,,
the ears are generally large, and the tail is comparatively short, often
extremely so. Although there is almost always a gland and tuft on the
hind cannon-bone, usually situated high up, there is none on the hock
i B
2 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
itself. The coat may be spotted in the adult, and is almost invariably
so in the young.
In the red deer the antlers are subcylindrical and complex,
generally with a bez-tine, and always with a trez, the number of points
exceeding five, and the crown frequently forming a cup. The tail is
relatively long and pointed, and there is an orange-coloured patch on
the buttocks, which includes or surrounds the tail. The general colour
of the adult summer coat is reddish brown, and that of the winter dress
greyish brown, often with a dark dorsal stripe ; stags frequently showing
a throat-fringe. The young, in which the ground-colour is of a richer
tint, are profusely spotted with white.
Red deer, in the widest sense of the term, are inhabitants of
Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor, and Northern Persia. In the
typical red deer (C. elaphus typicus) of Sweden, and its representatives
in Western, Northern, and Central Europe, the antlers attain their
maximum degree of complexity, sometimes having twenty or even
more points, although in many Scotch examples the bez-tine is
wanting. The Swedish red deer is the typical Cervus elaplius of Lin-
naeus, in other words, Cervus elaphus typicus. From this race the
Norwegian red deer differs by its inferior size, the lighter colour of the
summer coat, and the presence of a distinct dark border to the rump-patch.
The general colour of the Swedish race is dark reddish brown, almost
chestnut, with the legs sooty or blackish brown ; while in the Nor-
wegian animal the colour is yellowish brown tinged with grey, the legs
being paler and of a brownish slaty grey. The rump -patch is also
lighter in the Norwegian race, being reddish yellow with a blackish
border, while that of the Swedish red deer is less distinct, sometimes
scarcely differing in colour from the flanks. There are also differences
in the skulls of the two races, especially noticeable in the case of hinds.
The Norwegian red deer has been named Cervus elaphus atlanticus ;
and the Scotch red deer, C. e. scoticus, is closely allied. Several races
of red deer have been named in Germany, but these may be included
under one heading as C. e. germanicus. This is a large deer, with a
very light, and usually black-bordered, rump-patch. The Spanish race
( C. e. hispanicus), which is smaller, with a greyer coat and narrower
skull, is said to lack the abundant neck-fringe of Scotch deer.
The red deer (C. elaphus corsicanus) of Corsica and Sardinia
is a small race, without a bez-tine to the antlers, and the general
colour of the upper-parts dark brown in summer, with the upper side
of the tail coloured like the rump-patch, and blackish in the winter.
Nearly allied is the North African red deer (C. elaphus barbarus), which
is of rather larger dimensions, with a greyish-brown streak down the
middle of the back, and small irregular whitish spots on the flanks
RED DEER 3
and sometimes on the back ; traces of such spots being occasionally
observable in the summer coat of hinds of the typical race. The bez-
tine seems to be very generally wanting.
The Eastern red deer (C. elaphns viaral) is a large race, described
on page 28.
In a red deer killed at Spetchley Park the weight was 419 lbs.
gross, and 2 1 6 when cleaned ; while in one shot at Knowsley many
years ago the clean weight was no less than 424 lbs. The height at
the shoulder reaches about 4 feet. H.R.H. the Duke of Braganza
saw a Continental stag shot which scaled 584 lbs., and shot a 10-pointer
with a spread of 5 5 inches.
The late Lord Tweedmouth gave the following dimensions of a
fine Scotch stag, shot October 9, 1880 : —
Widest span over all, 39^ inches ; span inside below cups, 34 inches ; span outside below
cups, 37 inches.
Right antler. — Length, 39 inches ; length of brow, 10J inches ; of bez, IO inches ; of trez, 13
inches. Length of tines in cup, 10, J, 4J inches. Circumference at coronet, Scinches ; between
bez and trez, "]\ inches ; above trez, 6 inches.
Left antler. — Length, 38 inches ; of brow, 10 inches ; of bez, 8 inches ; of trez, 11 inches.
Length of tines in cup, 8, 6, and 4 inches. Circumference at coronet, 9 inches ; between bez
and trez, "]\ inches ; above trez, 6\ inches. — Weight, 303 lbs. clean ; but stag was much run.
.4.— BRITISH AND IRISH RED DEER (C. elaphus scoticus).
a. — Scottish Specimens.
Length
on out-
side
curve.
Circum-
ference
between
bez and
trez.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Spread.
Points.
Weight,
lbs.
Locality.
Owner.
40^
5
22
33
7 + 7
Inverness, 1794
. Col. W. Hall Walker.
4°i
1-40
61
6
30
8 + 8
10
203
Glenartney .
Glentilt
Mrs. Campbell of Dun-
staffnage.
Duke of Atholl.
-391
5
25
6 + 6
Ardverikie
E. J. Wythes.
-394
4l
26
33
35h
5 + 5
266
Kinveachy .
Major J. J. Porteous.
-39
39
6
6
27i
34
34
39i
391
6 + 6
6 + 6
303
Guisachan
?
The late Lord Tweed-
mouth.
Duke of Portland.
-384
4i
26
11
Isle of Rum .
Sir George Bullough.
3H
3H
6i
5i
1,3
7j
19*
3i
3°i
9 + 8
5 + 6
Glenfiddich .
Strathvaich .
Duke of Richmond and
Gordon.
J. C. Williams.
38i
55
14
27I
33
6 + 5
246
Meoble
Walter Jones.
3§i
6
26
33-1
40!
7 + 6
?
Duke of Beaufort.
3H
55
5 + 5
Kinlochewe .
Sir Kenneth Mackenzie,
Bart.
Owner's measurements.
1 Recorded by J. G. Millais.
XECOjRDS of big game
Length
on out-
side
curve.
3Si
3S
o7i
374
374
374
-371
37i
-371
37
-37
-36*
3°4
-364
-364
-364
-364
-364
-36i
-36J
36i
-36i
364
36
36
-36
36
36
-36
36
35 .
Circum-
ference
between
bez and
trez.
54
4i
4l
5
44
54
6i
44
54
4f
4i
5
4i
5k
4i
5
44
44
54
4i
5
5^
4?
5}
4i
4i
4V
44
48
^° ES? sp-d-
3oif
294
2Si
26
30i
34
85
2Si
324
24
23
30
35
37
361
274
41
3i4
30i
274
26
27
254
245
24I
22
33i
28
27}
26A ...
214 27
32* ...
17 28 ■•< 3 l.i
22^ 31J 34
33i
57.S
Points. Weight.
lbs.
7 + 7 •••
6 + 6 ...
6 + 5 ».
6 + 5 ...
5 + 5 ■••
10
8 + S ...
6 + 6 ...
5 + 5
6 + 6
5 + 4
6 + 6
5 + 6
6 + 6
11 280
11
6 + 6 ...
10
6 + 5 235
5 + 5 ■••
6 + 6 ...
6 + 5 ...
5 + 5 •••
7 + 7 •••
6 + 6 ...
6 + 6 ...
6 + 6 ...
5 + 5 •■•
5 + 5 225
5 + 5 •••
Locality.
Fannich
Barrisdale
Mar
Wyvis .
Conaglen
Glenmoriston
Brodick
Forfarshire .
Brodick
Lettermorar .
Glenmoriston
Glenstrath-
farrar
Auchnasheen .
Rhidorroch .
Benmore, Mull
Glomach
Ben Klibreck
Affaric .
Cluanie
Gaick .
Arran .
Kintail .
Corrour
Knoydart
Dunroljin
Langwell
Caenlochan .
Inchbaie
Meoble.
Strathvaich .
Owner.
The Hon. Mrs. Gordon-
Cumming.
V. J. Watney.
W. Parrott.
Mrs. E. Ross.
R. Shoolbred.
Lord Morton.
J. M. Grant.
Marquis of Graham.
R. L. Scott. -
Marquis of Graham.
W. A. Dewhurst.
The Hon. Mrs. Gordon-
Cumming.
W. Radcliffe (shot by the late
R. Gordon-Cumming).
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Countess of Cromartie.
Earl of Eglinton.
The late Col. Baldock.
J. W. Baxendale.
S. Dennis.
A. H. Straker.
G. Hargreaves.
H.R.H. Prince Arthur of
Connaught.
S. Loder.
Sir J. M. Stirling-Maxwell,
Bart.
A. S. Bowlby.
Duke of Sutherland.
Duke of Portland.
Mrs. Henry Tate.
F. L. Davis.
E. M. Crosfield.
Do.
- Owner's measurements
RED DEER
Length
on out-
side
curve.
Circum-
ference
between
bez and
trez.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Spread.
Points. Weight,
lbs.
Locality.
Owner.
36
4§
I9l
28f
3°4
5 + 4
Ardgour
Lord H. Vane Tempest.
36
5i
I3l
28|
325
5 + 5
Glenkingie .
W. M. Christy.
36
4i
31
5 + 5
308
N. Uist.
W. Brigstock.
36
4§
26J
5 + 6
Morar .
\V. A. Dewhurst.
-36
5&
3°4
6 + 7
Glenquoich .
J. E. B. Baillie.
-36
4l
27
2 + 2
276
Glenfinnan .
F. Fenwick.
-351
4i
26
6 + 6
N. Uist
C. H. Dendy.
-351
4i
324
5 + 5
Affaric .
L. A. Ballance.
-351
41
23
28J
31
4 + 4
Dalnamein .
C. T. Garland.
351
44
29i
6 + 5
Garrygualach
Major H. G. Fenton
Newall.
-351
44
31
5 + 5
Loch Choire
Duke of Sutherland.
-35*
4i
27I
12
Ardnamurchan
R. C. Donaldson-Hudson
354
54
254
6 + 6
244
Sutherland .
Abel Chapman.
-351
4l
27
5 + 5
Branlen
Earl of Derby.
351
44
H4
26J
30
6 + 6
Isle of Mull .
W. Mure.
354
4l
264
10+ 10
Glenquoich .
Dowager Lady Burton.
354
44
24!
6 + 6
Craiganour .
H. Samuelson.
354
43
31!
5 + 5
Benula
Stanley M. Dennis.
354
44
244
29I
324
5 + 5
Ben Alder .
Lord Hythe.
-354
6
384
5 + 5
Kinlochewe .
Sir Kenneth Mackenzie
Bart.
-351
44
30
4 + 4
Gaick .
J. Hargreaves.
35i
5
25
3°i
35
6 + 4
Coignafern .
J. Bradley Firth.
35i
5
25i
7 + 8
Ardverikie .
Sir J. W. Ramsden, Bart.
-35i
27I
14
Glenfeshie .
Sir G. A. Cooper, Bart.
35±
44
294
6 + 6
248
Invercauld .
L. Neumann.
-35i
5
24!
6 + 5
Eskadale
Major A. Robinson.
-35±
5i
27i
6 + 6
Blackmount .
Countess of Sefton.
-35i
Ai
71
22
27I
7 + 7
Killiechonate
F. Cooper.
-351
54
26^
5 + 5
Glenfinnan .
G. Bainbridge.
-354
4l
3'i*
30
6 + 6
Deanich, Ross-
shire
G. P. V. Aylmer.
Owner's measurements.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on out-
side
curve.
-35}
-35i
circum-
ference
between
bez and
trez
5i
5
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
26
32i
Spread.
Points.
7 + 7
6 + 6
Weight,
lbs.
Locality.
Glenartney .
Ardnamurchan
Owner.
Dowager Countess of
Ancaster.
C. D. Rudd.
351
4}
33
4 + 3
Caenlochan .
J. J. de Knoop.
35
45
i3l
24h
29
5 + 5
Glenkingie .
W. M. Christy.
35
-35
4l
22
2S
34
7 + 6
10
225
Talladh-a-Bhe- E. Weller-Poley.
ithe, Rannoch
N. Morar . Major T. W. Gill.
-35
29
41}
7 + 6
Monymusk .
Sir Arthur Grant, Bart.
-35
4l
38}
5 + 4
Invermark
Earl of Dalhousie.
35
4i
I2|
24i
27
6 + 6
Glenbruar
A. M. Thomas.
35
4§
29J
6 + 5
Glenartney .
V. Fleming.
J-35
5!
26
33 i
37i
12
Guisachan
The late Lord Tweed
35
4*
I9i
26|
28|
5^5
Glenkingie .
mouth.
Sir Henry Hoare, Bart.
-35
4l
29
4 + 4
Ledgowan
L. A. Ballance.
34l
4}
13}
26
28}
5 + 5
Dibiedale
H. Hinton.
341
4i
32}
6 + 6
Glenborrodale
Captain N. Money.
34S
4}
3i
36§
38}
4 + 3
Ledgowan .
H. B. Moser.
34l
4}
23*
29
3i!
5 + 4
Kildermorie .
H. Graeme.
-34i
4l
33*
5 + 5
Fannich
V. Watney.
-34i
5
25i
7 + 8
Cluanie
A. H. Straker.
234i
4}
26^
31
33}
5 + 5
Dalnaspidal .
Mrs. Hall Walker.
34i
41
23
6 + 6
Glentanar
Ean Cecil.
34i
Si
18
26}
34
6 + 5
?
W. Brodrick Cloete.
34l
5}
371
34*
12
Braemore
Sir John Fowler, Bart.
34i
4}
18}
27
6 + 5
N. Morar
J. R. Hutchison.
34i
4}
33
6 + 5
Isle of Skye .
W. H. Lindsay.
2-34i
34*
5
4l
13
25
34i
27
12
3 + 3
231
[clean)
Glentilt
Glenfeshie
Duke of Atholl.
P. K. Smiley.
34}
4§
22
28 i
3*1
6 + 4
204
Cluanie
St. George Littledale.
34}
4l
261
6 + 5
Mamore
F. Bibby.
34}
4i
29
9 + 8
Ardverikie .
Viscount Iveagh.
-34}
4}
26
28}
4 + 4
Wyvis .
J. F. Wilkin.
- Owner's measurements.
1
\bove trez. 2 Recorded by J. G. Millais.
RED DEER
Length
Circum
ference
°" -Z1- between Tj? t0 ™St Spread. Points. Weight. Locality.
Tip. inside.
lbs.
34i
-34i
-34i
34
34
-34
34
-34
-34
-34
-34
33%
33i
-33l
-33h
33h
33%
335
33h
-33i
33i
-33i
332
-33§
33i
33i
33i
33i
-33i
33i
4
4i
5
4
4l
5
4!
4i
4l
4S
4l
4
4i
5
41
4
4j
42
51
41
5
5
35
4
4i
41
4l
4¥
4
2lf
28A
3°i
164
25i
22
26
I9|
I7i
29J
2I|
311
305
27i
26J
36
28
34i
27I
35
24|
26
34l
34
25
24h
28
25S
27
24I
30
3i
26
i9i
28
26
232
22|
314
29i
362
3§i
29
35i
305
344
32
29;
25
6 + 5
5 + 5
5 + 5
5 + 4
6 + 6
12
5 + 5
7 + 7
6 + 6
6 + 6
6 + 5
7 + 6
7 + 8
5 + 6
5 + 5
5 + 5
5 + 5
9 + 8
6 + 5
6 + 6
12
11
5 + 7
6 + 5
6 + 6
7 + 7
5 + 5
5 + 5
6 + 6 .
5 + 4 2
308
268
(clean)
Glenquoich
Glenee .
Knoydart
Glenmuick
Balmoral
Achnacarry
Jura .
Kildermorie
Glenbruar,
Perthshire
Owner.
Duchess of Bedford.
J. Bayly.
Capt. H. V. S. A. Bowlby.
Lieut.-Col. J. Ponsonby.
His Majesty the King.
J. C. Kennedy.
Lord George Campbell.
L. Wilkin.
Sir W. Ogilvy-Dalgleish,
Bart.
S. Loder.
2S0
Col. Stephenson R. Clarke.
Glenkingie . W. M. Christy.
Ardverikie . E. J. Wythes.
Ardnamurchan Mrs. R. Fleming.
Dalness . J. G. Millais.
R. Hargreaves.
H. C. Pilkington.
Gaick .
Caenlochan
Glenfiddich
Auchnasheen
Eskadale
Kintail .
Duke of Richmond and
Gordon.
A. G. Dickson.
Hon. L. Hardy.
Sir Edmund G. Loder,
Bart.
Forest Lodge Lieut.-Col. H. Kays.
Dalness . Hon. Sir Schomberg
M'Donnell.
Dundonnell . R. B. Loder.
Ben Alder . Sir R. W. Buchanan
Jardine, Bart.
Glendoe . Mrs. E. Ross.
Ardverikie . Col. W. Hall Walker.
Inverailort . J. Cameron Head.
Arnisdale . T. Drake.
Glencoul . Lieut. - Col. A. Weston
Jarvis.
The spread of the six widest heads in the late Duke of Fife's collec-
tion is as follows : — 40 38 37 35 35 35
The six longest measuring — 37 36 35I 35^ 35 35
285
Owner's measurements.
8 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
The antlers of one of the red deer in Mr. C. Lucas's park at Warnham
Court, Sussex, in 1889, had 35 points; 1890, 34 points; 1891, 38
points ; 1892, 47 points, and weighed 17 lbs. ; 1893, 44 points, 16^ lbs.
on out
side
between
bez and
trez.
-41
-40
39l
38
3S
37*
351
35!
35
35
_35
35
34}
34
34
34
33i
33
33
32i
3ii
3i!
3*1
3ii
6
5*
5i
5i
51
5i
5S
5!
5
4!
4i
5i
5
4i
4l
4i
5
4i
5
5i
3*i 4)
/wA Specimens (wild and park).
Locality.
^P t0 W»4f * °uts'de Points. Weight
Tip. inside, spread. °
Owner.
171
28
144
i5i
9S
2^5
25i
I9»
25*
*3l
24
251
'5
23
29i
26|
26^
23I
28^
35
20J
3°
30
26!
29
28£
3ii
25
29^
24
28}
24!
32}
3If
2I|
251
lbs.
12 315
IO + 9 325
8 + 8 355
7 + 7 375
7 + 7 ■■■
8 + 8 ...
34i 6 + 5 3S0
5 + 5 264
7 + 7 •••
32*
3oi 36! 6 + 5 343
34i
29I
14-: 258 272
■ r's measurements.
6 + 6 260
6 + 5 282
7 + 6 348
( 364 as
6 + 6'. he fell ; Powerscourt
^ 280 clean
6 + 5 372
5 + 5 •••
8 + 7 360
5 + 5 346
5 + 5 281
7 + 6 422
5 + 6 ...
5 + 6 ...
7 + 7 -
5 + 4 ■••
6 + 5 276
Colebrooke . The late Sir Douglas
Brooke, Bart.
Do. . Do.
Do. . Do.
Do. . Do.
Do. . W. Campbell.
Roscommon . Earl of Kingston.
Muckross . A. Vincent.
Glenveagh . W. E. Laurie.
Muckross . Ralph Sneyd.
Roscommon. Earl of Kingston.
Ireland . Hon. A. Charteris.
Glenveagh . A. Arthur.
Powerscourt . Viscount Powerscourt.
Glenveagh . G. W. Hartley.
Viscount Powerscourt.
Muckross . Ralph Sneyd.
Colebrooke . Major J. M. Rogers.
Muckross . A. Vincent.
Glenveagh . Col. W. Hall Walker.
Do. . W. W. Ashley.
Glena . . Earl of Kenmare.
Killarney . G. Douglas.
Donegal . Col. W. Hall Walker.
Muckross . Lord Mayo.
Do. . F. G. Menzies.
Do. . C. E. Russell.
1 See Millais's British Deer and their Horns.
RED DEER
Length
on
outside
curve.
40
39
39
38J
3§i
37S
37i
37*
37
Circum-
ference
between
bez and
trez.
5*
5i
51
51
5*
5
6
5
54
42
Head of Exmoor Red Deer. Mr. R. A. Sanders.
c. — West of England Specimens.
Tip to Widest Outside r, ■ . t i- ^
Tip. inside, spread. Points- Locality. Owner.
2*£ 32*
10 28
I5l 2%\
17I 314
22i 30^
8i 24
7
27i
20
23
29i
351
3iS
334
38
344
32
34
48
36
"OS
j94
5 + 5 Exmoor . Sir John Heathcoat-Amory, Bart.
7 + 6 Do. . Do.
6 + 6 Do. . R. A. Sanders.
4 + 4 Do. . P. F. Hancock.
6 + 6 Quantock Hills Earl Fortescue; killed in 1885.
7 + 7 Exmoor
6 + 6 Kiloe
5 + 5 ?
6 + 5 Exmoor
6 + 5 Quantock
C. Nelder ; killed in 1803.
Hon. Mrs. Stanley.
J. James.
Sir John Heathcoat-Amory, Bart.
E. A. V. Stanley.
6+7 Bern bridge Capt. H. H. Amory.
Wood
1 Weight, 333 lbs. clean. Length of brow-tine, 17 inches.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on
outside
curve.
36f
36*
-36J
36
36
36
35i
35i
35
Circum-
ference
between
bez and
trez.
6
5l
45
5i
5s
5
5
5
5
4*
Tip to Widest Outside p0;nts
Tip. inside, spread.
Locality.
Owner.
2l£
12
19
IO
I2j
Ml
20g
Hi
252-
2SJ
23§
28|
24I
23
26
27
27i
27|
27
32I
3oi
39
30i
29i
34i
33
34
6 + 7
7 + 6
6 + 6
9 + 7
6 + 5
7 + 6
6 + 6
6 + 6
6 + 6
6 + 5
5 + 6
Exmoor . Lord St. Audries ; killed in 1S93.
Stoodleigh . Ian H. Amory.
Haddon . M. Greig.
Exmoor . R. A. Sanders.
Do. . Capt. H. H. Amory.
Do. . M. Greig.
Do. . Hon. G. Bampfylde.
Do. . Earl Fortescue ; killed in 1S12.
Cudden Hoyes Capt. H. H. Amory.
Exmoor . Com. G. F. Inglefield, R.N.
Do. . Sir C. T. D. Acland, Bart. ; killed
in 1893.
Length
outside
curve.
Circum-
ference
between
bez and
trez.
45
M4
432
421
4ii
Mi}
7*
5i
5i
6|
Si
5*
5
40I 51
4oi 5S
*4o 5
40
40
!39i
: 39
-39
39
39
-38*
37h
Tip to
Tip.
23i
24i
i8|
22|
i8i
d. — English and other Park Specimens.
Spread. Points. JJ^ Locality.
Widest
inside.
Owner.
lbs.
s'i
5h
Sh
5-i
4!
5
23i
i8£
m
17
22
332
35i
27
28S
32
31
34l
39
33i
26|
251
23i
27'i
28J
27-i
29h
5i}
39
40
371
41
4°i
355
33i
37
3*h
4ii
11 + 11
12 + 9
6 + 6
12
11 + 10
9 + 8
7 + 6
5 + 5
10 + 8
8 + 7
32
6 + 7
5 + 5
5 + 6
6 + 6
8 + 8
6 + 6
8 + 7
Warnham
Woburn
Windsor
C. J. Lucas.
Duke of Bedford.
His Majesty the King.
Melbury, Dorset Earl of Ilchester.
Ashridge Park Earl Brownlow.
? Lord Hastings.
Langley Park J. G. Millais.
? R. V. Berkeley.
Vaynol . J. Whitaker.
330 Caithness-shire T. Pilkington.
... Warnham . J. G. Millais.
? W. Cooper.
Woburn . Duke of Bedford.
Ditchley Park Viscount Dillon.
Bushey Park . R. Shoolbred.
?
( (smaston
Whittlebury
Stowe .
W. Cooper.
Sir Peter Walker, Bart.
Sir Edmund G. Loder,
Bart.
I I.R.I I. It- Due d'Orlcans.
Owner's measurements. 1 -Shed antlers.
:; Killed by King James I. in 1608.
Semi-feral.
- White Stag.
RED DEER
Length C!rcura-
& ference
Owner.
outside
curve.
between
bez and
trez.
Tip.
inside.
r>preati.
™nts; (clean). ^a.uy.
lbs.
uwner.
*37i
5
29i
42i
6 + 7
Warnham
C. J. Lucas.
-37i
1\
29h
27h
364
10 + 9
. Welbeck
Duke of Portland.
x37i
51
33i
6 + 7
Ditchley Park
Viscount Dillon.
-37
6§
iS|
24
43
20+19
Warnham
C. J. Lucas.
37
6
26
33i
11 + 13
Do.
Do.
36i
4i
19
29i
j22
4 + 4
Wood Norton
H.R.H. le Due d'Orleans.
35*
5
22|
28f
33*
6 + 6
Do.
H.R. H. the Comtesse de
Paris.
H. S. O'Brien.
35^
5
74
20
25
6 + 6
?
35
5i
i9i
24i
29I
10 + 9
?
Hon. M. Egerton.
34i
7
32
29*
52i
11 + 15 .
Warnham
C. J. Lucas.
34i
4i
22
271
34i
6 + 6
Windsor
G. L. Harrison.
34
4i
23
6 + 6
Stowe .
H.R.H. the Comtesse de
Paris.
34
5fi
2I|
281
7 + 7
Dorset .
Earl of Ilchester.
34
6
2\\
32
37i
10+10
?
Earl of Warwick.
2 33^
5
20£
24i
3il
5 + 5
Surrenden
W. Winans.
33i
4i
33
6 + 6
Stowe .
H.R.H. le Due d'Orleans.
Some of the above measurements are recorded by Mr. J. G. Millais
in British Deer and their Horns.
- Owner's measurements. x Killed by King James I. in 1610. 2 White Stag.
e. — Ancient British and Irish Specimens.
Semi-feral.
Length
on
outside
curve.
-471
46
Circum-
ference
between
bez and
trez.
8
54
Tip to
Tip.
35
?8i
Widest
inside.
3ii
Spread.
374
Points.
5 + 8
9 + 8
Where found. Owner.
Manchester Ship Sir R. M. Brooke, Bart.
Canal excavations
Achvarasdal . T. Pilkington.
4°i
Sh
2lJ
27
38*
Forfarshire .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
40
1\
22J
28i
43*
12 + 9
Combermere
Duke of Westminster.
3H
5
18
30
39*
8 + 6
Ireland
Viscount Powerscourt.
-37
6i
54
30
23i
36i
451
39i
7 + 5
13 + 8
N. Wales .
Co. Leitrim .
Sir R. Williams -Bulkeley,
Bart. (See illustration.)
J. Ormsby Lawder.
36*
5
24
25
354
8 + 8
Ireland
Viscount Powerscourt.
36
51
23
27
374
10 + 9
Kerry, Ireland
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
35i
51
181
25i
32i
7 + 7
Lincolnshire
C. W. Tindall.
354
33
Si
5i
264
23
32§
28
42i
41
13 + 11
7 + 6
South Ireland
Cardigan Bay
. Sir Victor Brooke's Col-
lection.
H. Marshall.
3°h
5
\o\
20
245
9 + 8
?
Duke of Bedford.
- Owner's measurements.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of New Zealand Red Deer. Shot by Mr. H. E. Hodgkinson.
Length prelim-
on out- ,ference Tip to
side between q."
„ bez and lp'
curve.
trez.
f. — New Zealand Specimens {introduced).
inside* SPread- Points. Weight. Locality.
Owner.
48
61
7i
322
4oi
6 + 5 •
Rakaia .
. C. Williams.
47*
7
371
6 + 6
Do.
G. Garrard.
-46
51
37*
42
6 + 6
N. Otago
H. E. Hodgkinson
-46
Si
3i
38*
6 + 6
Do.
Melville Gray.
-45
6
27i
36
6 + 6
Do.
H. E. Hodgkinson
45
51
i6i
31
4o|
6 + 7
Do.
P. F. Hadow.
-45
5
34
6 + 6
Do.
Major Cliff.
-45
5i
37*
13
Do.
J. Forbes.
44*.
5
81
30
36|
6 + 6
Do.
H. M. Cliff.
-44i
5i
33*
37*
7 + 7
Do.
C. D. Hodgkinson.
44*
5
392
7 + 6
Do.
P. F. Hadow.
-44
Sh
40
15
Do.
A. Cowie.
-44
sh
38
5 + 6 ..
Do.
A. E. Leatham.
43*
-
30
37
7 + 7
Do.
C. E. Lucas.
-43
si
38£
6 + 6
Do.
J. Horn.
-43
Si
33
7 + 7
Do.
J. Grindells.
42.Y
Si
22
32:/
<\o\
7 + 7
Do.
\V. II. Milburn.
-42 h
5i
37*
6 + 6
Do.
R. E. Clouston.
42^
5
29^
6 + 6
Do.
G. N. Ilorlick.
-42
47
32
6 + 6
Do.
D. Fraser.
-42
5^
38|
5o
7 + 7
Do.
J. Faulks.
- Owner's measurements.
RED DEER
13
Length
on out-
side
circum-
ference
between
bez and
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Spread.
Points.
Weight. Locality.
curve.
trez.
42
5i
24!
33i
37i
6 + 5
?
-4I|
51
381
7 + 8
N. Otago
-4I-J
5
37i
6 + 7
Do.
-4ii
5i
364
6 + 6
Do.
-41*
5l
343
7 + 6
Do.
-41 1
5i
35
5 + 4
Do.
-41I
5i
33*
39i
7 + 7
Do.
-41
5
39i
6 + 7
Do.
-41
6J
361
6 + 5
Do.
-41
6
38
5 + 4
Do.
-41
51
38
18
Do.
-41
6
37
7 + 6
Do.
~402
6
38
5 + 5
Do.
40i
5i
3lf
37l
40
6 + 6
Do.
-39l
si
29I
10+ 10
Do.
-39
7
3°i
351
6 + 6
Wairarapa
38!
Si
15
26
3il
6 + 6
Do.
3§i
6i
33
6 + 6
Do.
38|
64
28
36
17
Do.
-38
5
33
6 + 6
Do.
37!
Si
I5l
«i
26
5 + 5
Otago .
364
5i
i8i
291
32|
5 + 5
Owner's
Wairarapa
measurements.
Owner.
A. D. Whatman.
H. E. Hodgkinson.
J. Forbes.
The late B. Armytage.
Melville Gray.
H. F. Wallace.
C. D. Hodgkinson.
R. M. Morten.
J. S. Handyside.
D. Bell.
Baron von Kusserov.
C. R. Westmacott.
R. Nicholson.
Capt. I. Macdougall.
J. Faulks.
C. P. Skenett.
E. N. Senior.
A. Pilkington.
E. W. Bunny.
E. C. Studholm.
P. M. Stewart.
A. Murray.
Antlers of Ancient British Red Deer,
belonging to Sir Richard Williams-Bulkeley, Bart.
14
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Spanish Red Deer,
shot by H.R.H. Prince Arthur of Connaught.
.#.— SPANISH RED DEER (C. elaphus hispanicus).
T ., Circum-
Length ff.„nrp
on terence Tip to Widest c ,
fcM» between ^ ;ncM<i Spread.
outside
curve.
43
■ 41.5
1-40
38!
-37i
36
-35*
-34t
33
bez and
trez.
5*
4*
4i
4i
5}
4§
18
i6|
26
20|
*3§
2li
inside
33i
34
36i
28
34*
33i
31 A
261
35
37S
35
371
4'r-:
3ii
30 37
Points.
6 + 6
6 + 4
17
8 + 7
15
7 + 6
7 + 7
6 + 5
13
Locality.
Sierra Morena
El Pardo .
Sierra Morena
El Pardo .
Sierra Morena
PI 1'ardo .
Sierra Morena
Do.
?
Owner.
J. M. Power.
Duke of Arion.
Abel Chapman.
H.M. The King of
Spain.
Abel ( lhapman.
H.R.H. Prince Arthur
of Connaught.
Duke of Arion.
Do.
Prince E. Demidoff.
- Owner'-, measun n
1 A mountain head. There are two races in Spain. By far the largest are those of the "sierras" (or moun-
tains), where good heads run from 30 to 40 inches. The stags of the (01 wooded plains) seldom reach, and
rarely exceed, 30 inches in antler-length, and the heaviest weighed 203 lbs. clean.
RED DEER
l5
T t-Vi Circum-
"^ beertweeen T* t0 ™st Spread. Points.
outslde bezand 1]P- ,nS,de-
curve. .„_
Locality.
Owner.
"322
13
Plains of Andalucia
W. J. Buck.
-3ii
4t%
181%
24H
30S
7 + 7
Valle de Viejas .
Duke of Arion.
-3i
41
18H
24i
34*
9 + 7
Montes de Toledo
Do.
-3i
4l
28
15
Coto Donana
P. Garvey.
-29
5i
25
12
Andalucia .
Abel Chapman
C— NORWEGIAN RED DEER (C. elaphus atlanticus).
Length
outside
curve.
Circum-
ference
between
bez and
trez.
6*
-34*
-34
3if 4l
3ii 4l
3H
3i
30
30
29J
41
Si
5
4i
4l
Tip to Widest g d_
lip. inside. r
341
25*
242
28
24i
29
29i 3o|
26 30J
27i
331
Points.
Weight,
lbs.
Local
Norway
7
Do.
6 + 5
Do.
5 + 5
Do.
4 + 3
Do.
8 + 4
Do.
12
280
Do.
5 + 4
Do.
6 + 5
Do.
Owner's
measurements.
Owner.
J. S. Brunn.
J. H. Thomas.
A. Brassey.
Sir H. Seton-Karr.
E. M. Denny.
J. H. Thomas.
E. M. Denny.
Sir H. Seton-Karr.
G. L. Denman.
D.— GERMAN (C. elaphus germanicus) and CARPATHIAN RED DEER.
The Carpathian red deer, as represented in the Marmoros Forest,
appear to be in some degree intermediate between the western and
eastern races, having the short face and red-brown summer coat of
the former, but tending to blackness on the under-parts as in the
latter. West Carpathian deer, at any rate, may however be in-
separable from C. e. germanicus. In Marmoros there is a second deer,
the Polish, or wandering stag, reported to be an immigrant from
Galician Poland, which has been regarded as a dwarf form of the
maral. In the Bukowina district of the Galician Carpathians there
occurs a large grey stag in the plains and a smaller and darker one in
the mountains.
Skulls and Antlers of Carpathian Red Deer killed on the estate of the late Prince Henrj
of Liechtenstein at Tartarow, Galicia.
16
Skull and Antlers of Carpathian Red Deer shot by the late Prince Henry of Liechtenstein at
Tartarow, Galicia, 1895. Length of antler, 46 inches. Weight, 20 lbs. 14 oz.
17
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Antlers of Carpathian Red Deer in the Collection of Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
24
Hungary, 1868
Styria, 1881
Hungary, 1873. Hungary, 1873.
Carpathian Red Deer heads belonging to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Austria.
^5
^
^
« Q -' « Q Q
M O
o o
*
3
0
1
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IT
^2
s
§
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>- « N
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1 £ § •§ . -
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2 y u r>
< o ^
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RED DEER
27
Antlers of German Red Deer. From a specimen in the Castle at Moritzburg
After Dr. A. B. Meyer.
Ancient Continental Specimens.
Length Circum- Tip to c j n • .
(on curve) ference. Tip. SPrea(L Polnts-
-47i
-46I 8§ above 5 ft. 2{
trez
75f 14+14
Locality.
?
?
inside
22 Switzerland
39§ ty 22 3JI 6 + 6 Germany .
39 outside
Owner.
H.M. the King of Saxony,
Moritzburg.
Count Erbach-Erbach.
Do.
Viscount Powerscourt.
- Owner's measurements.
28
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Antlers of Eastern Red Deer shot in the Western Caucasus by
Mr. St. George Littledale.
Length of Antler, 45 in.
if.— EASTERN RED DEER or MARAL (C elaphus maral).
In this race of the red deer, which may intergrade with some of the
western races by means of the Carpathian form, the height at the shoulder
reaches to about 4J feet, and the build is stouter, the neck thicker,
and the face in the hinds longer and more pointed than in typical red
deer. The summer coat of immature animals is very generally
marked with numerous yellowish spots, and at all ages is much less red
than in the British race, being, in fact, grey in September. The colour
of the winter coat is dark slaty grey on the back, with the rump-patch
of a very bright yellow, and a large amount of black on the shoulders,
thighs, and under-parts ; this blackness of the under-parts also character-
ising the summer coat. The large and massive antlers are generally
less complex than those of the western races, the number of points being
seldom more than eight on a side, and frequently only six ; while the
bez-tine, which may be wanting, is often shorter than the long and
RED DEER
29
upwardly curved brow-tine, and the fourth tine is generally more dis-
tinct from the crown. The average weight is given as about 560 lbs.
The typical locality of the maral is the Caspian provinces of Northern
Persia, whence this or allied races extend into the Crimea, Asia Minor,
and so on into Transcaucasia, the Caucasus, and probably Circassia.
It is noteworthy that specimens from the Caucasus have shorter
faces than those from Northern Persia, and thus approximate to
the western types. Sportsmen call this race the Hungarian red
Antlers of Eastern Red Deer from the Caucasus, in the Collection
of Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
deer, but this is scarcely legitimate, as Hungary is not the typical
locality. (For other specimens, see p. 18 et seq.) The Crimean red
deer have very massive, few-tined antlers.
Length
on out- Circum- Tip to Widest g d p0;nts
side ierence. lip. inside. r
curve.
48S 6J 34 36 42*
48i
48
6i
34 36
6
3° 41 h
7l
(single antler
71
Locality.
8 + 6 Asia Minor
5 + 6
Owner.
H. O. Whittall.
Ichater Dagh, H.R.H. the Duke of Saxe-
Crimea Coburg and Gotha.
Asia Minor . British Museum (Lord A.
Hay).
Caucasus . St. George Littledale
(Liverpool Museum).
EECOBBS OF BIG GAME
Length
on out-
side
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Spread.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
47?
74
33*
434
54l
IO + 9
Persia ?
St. George Littledale.
47*.
40S
51
51
iS
36i
33
4i4
6 + 5
S + S
Caucasus .
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder,
Bart.
British Museum.
-46!
6g
39
8 + 6
Asia Minor
F. E. Whittall.
45*
r3
35
423
49
52
6 + 6
Caucasus .
S. H. Whitbread.
-45*
S*.
654
14
Do.
Grand Duke Mikhael.
45*
74
325
401
46
8 + 8
Do.
Prince E. Demidoff.
-454
174
3ii
39*
10 + 8
Do.
J. C. Phillips.
J45s
2 -45
►,3
8
36
42
9 + 6
IH- 10
Asia Minor
Caucasus .
Sir Edmund G. Loder,
Bart.
Prince E. Demidoff.
45
6+
3oi
3Si
442
7 + 6
Asia Minor
H. O. Whittall.
44*
6|
3i
39*
47*
8 + 7
?
Duke of Bedford.
44*
7*
194
26
364
7 + 6
Asia Minor
F. W. Baker.
444
44
61
53
(single
28|
antler)
36
4°*.
9
8 + 7
Do.
Ak-Dagh .
British Museum (C. G.
Danford).
. J. L. Rees.
43*
6|
26|
353
46*
10 + 8
Do.
. D. Forbes.
43i
6
40
8 + 6
Asia Minor
. M. Le C. Findlay.
43*
5!
16
28
6 + 6
Crimea
Earl of Dunmore.
43
5i
38
393
49
7 + 7
Ak Dagh .
. J. W. Williamson.
43
54
22.3
323
37*
7 + 6
Do.
H. Williamson.
42}
6
22|
3i
363
6 + 6
Do.
. H. 0. Whittall.
42
64
28
33*.
44-*
9 + 8
?
R. A. Cooper.
42
6
26|
34*
42
7 + 6
Ak Dagh .
. T. Bowen Rees.
42
64
24
30
35
7 + 7
Asia Minor
Capt. J. B. Jenkinson.
37
5:/
3.1*
'343
40 1
7 + 6
N. Persia .
. Capt. C. T. Daukes.
-37
54
2li
30
14
Macedonia
H. J. Elwes.
36
5i
i5
25
37*
7 + 7
Persia
. Major P. M. Sykes.
1 Weight, 23 lbs.
Owner's measurements.
" Estimated we
ght, 746 lbs.
RED DEER
3i
North African Red Deer : Sir Edmund G. Loder's Specimen.
F.—N. AFRICAN RED DEER (0. elaphus barbarus).
For characters, see page 2.
t .1. Circum-
Length ference
on °ut" between T'P t0 ^ldfst Spread. Points.
Slde bezand TlP" lnslde-
culve" trez.
38| 51 271 28
36I 4| 22| 28J
3°i 3i
, 24i 3l 20| 2l£
Locality.
36 6 + 5 North Africa
4 + 4 Do.
... 4 + 3 ?
4 + 4 Tunis
Owner.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
British Museum.
Duke of Bedford.
Major R. Rankin.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Antlers of Hangul or Kashmir Barasingha.
Shot by Mr. P. B. Vander Byl.
The HANGUL or KASHMIR BARASINGHA (Cervus cashmirianus).
In this very distinct species the first, or brow, tine arises at a con-
siderable distance above the burr, or coronet, of the antlers, instead
of close to it, as in the red deer ; the bez-tine is usually longer than
the brow ; the total number of points is generally only five a-side,
although a third tine may occasionally be added to the normal
terminal pair, thus forming an imperfect cup ; and the beam of each
antler is much curved in towards the middle line of the head. The
terminal fork is placed obliquely. The tail is short, and not included
in the light patch on the rump, which is very small ; and the tuft
on the hind cannon-bone is situated lower down than in the red deer.
In winter the general colour of the coat is brown, brownish ash, or
liver-colour, with the hairs speckled ; the light area on the inner side
of the buttocks being dirty white, with a blackish line on the inner
sides of the thighs, the upper side of the tail black, and the lips, chin, and
inner surface of the ears white or whitish. In the fawns the spotting is
stated to remain much longer than in the red deer. In the pairing season
the old stags squeal like wapiti, instead of roaring in red-deer fashion.
The hangul inhabits the forest-districts of the north side of the
vale of Kashmir and some of the neighbouring valleys, at elevations
ranging from 9000 to 12,000 feet in summer, but descending to about
HANGUL
33
5000 feet in winter. The height at the shoulder varies from about
4 feet to 4 feet 4 inches ; the average weight being about 450 lbs.
The pale-coloured C. macneilli, of Sze-chuan, and C. m. kansuensis,
of Kan-su and Yun-nan, are nearly related deer.
The finest pair of antlers appears to be one given by Raja Gulab
Singh many years ago to Colonel King, then commanding the 14th
Hussars, at whose death they passed to Captain Prettyjohn of the same
regiment. What became of these antlers the late Mr. A. O. Hume,
who measured them at Meerut in 1852 or 1853, could not ascertain.
The record stands, R. 52, L. 53-g-, measured along the curve inside.
Girth, 10 inches at burr and 7 half-way between bez and trez tines.
They were a wide-branching, symmetrical pair.
Length
on out-
side
curve.
-534
47*
-47
47
47
47
46
45s
451
45i
45i
45
45
45
44i
-44i
-44!
444
44
44
Circum-
ference
between
bez and
trez.
64
6
n
6|
6
6
6*
51
63
5i
6|
51
6
64
6
7i
6i
Tip to
Tip.
14
22
21
2li
SO
20
13
35
25I
1 64
I7J
19
23i
23
174
20
3I?
27|
30I
23i
Widest
inside.
39
36
36|
35*
34l
341
41
36
34
34
34
36
40
33
43
44l
38!
4o£
Points. Locality.
6 + 5 Lidar Valley, Kashmir
6 + 6 Kashmir
7 + 5 Do.
5 + 5 Do.
8 + 8 Do.
6 + 5 Do.
5 + 5 Do.
6 + 6 Do.
8 + 8 Do.
6 + 5 Do.
5 + 5 Do.
6 + 6 Do.
6 + 6 Do.
4 + 4 Do.
6 + 6 Do.
5 + 5 Lidar Valley
5 + 5 Kishenganga Valley .
4 + 4 Sind Valley, Kashmir
5 + 5 Do. . .
5 + 5 Do. . .
- Owner's measurements.
Owner.
See above.
K. S. Laurie.
P. B. Vander Byl. (See
illustration, p. 32.)
Bombay Natural History
Society.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Duke of Wellington.
Lieut. -Col. H. R. Cook.
Capt. W, F. Brayne.
British Museum (Hume Col-
lection).
Sir Victor Brooke's Collec-
tion.
Brig.-Gen. E. H. Molesworth.
P. Radclyffe.
Lieut. - Gen. Sir R. Pole-
Care w.
J. V. E. Lees.
Capt. H. F. Bidder.
Col. A. E. Ward.
Queen's Own Corps of Guides.
Do.
J. V. Phelps.
Major P. H.G. Powell-Cotton.
Naval and Military Club.
D
34
Length
on out-
side
curve.
44
44
44
431
43S
43f
43*
43*
43*
43*
43*
43}
43
43
43
42^
42|
42^
42*
42
42
42
4if
4I|
4*1
4'i
41*
4'i
4l|
4Li
4l|
41
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Circum-
ference
between
bez and
trez.
6
6|
Sf
6}
H
5i
6*
6
6
6
51
7*.
5*
5l
5i
5*
5*
6
6i
51
5i
6
6
53
6
5i
6
5f
6
5*.
51
Tip to
Tip.
27
34*
iS
25S
1 1
i Si
19
rof
15*
i5i
23*
34
261
i9|
18
I7i
15
ii*
i3i
20
22
23
23*.
18^
I2.i
25-}
36
23
'55
Widest
inside.
36
47*
3i
37S
32|
29
3i
32*
3S
29S
3ii
37}
41*
J/5
34*.
33s
33l
32i
26I
26i
35*
34
36}
35
3i4
29I
3^*
41*.
33*.
29
23*. 35
Points.
5 + 5
5 + 5
5 + 5
6 + 5
7 + 6
5 + 5
5 + 5
7 + 6
5 + 5
7 + 7
6 + 6
5 + 5
5 + 4
6 + 5
6 + 6
6 + 5
5 + 6
5 + 5
5 + 5
5 + 5
6 + 5
5 + 5
6 + 6
5 + 5
6 + 5
5 + 5
5 + 5
5 + 5
6 + 5
7 + 6
6 + 3
5 + 5
Locality.
Owner.
Kashmi
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
I >, ,.
Do.
Do.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
. Major V. Rickard.
. C. E. Bryant.
. Capt. A. E. Cathcart.
A. Danson.
. C. H. Smith.
. Sir J. Prestcott Hewett.
. A. Williams.
. Sir R. Douglas Powell, Bart.
Capt. C. M. Truman.
. Capt. A. MCB. Woodside.
R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
. His Majesty the King.
Martyn Kennard.
. Major F. W. H. Walshe.
Major R. Baker-Carr.
Major-Gen. 11. D'U. Keary.
Major C. A. Vivian.
. Capt. A. H. Wilson.
. E. L. Phelps.
. W. A. Conduitt.
. Major W. Furnivall.
. F. V. B. Witts.
Major Kingsley Foster.
11. A. Attenhorough.
. Major R. A. N. Tytler.
Col. F. II. Hancock.
C. Arthur.
. Capt. II. C. II. O'Brien.
. P. W. Cobbold.
Larly Jenkins.
Hon. II. (]. O. I'.ridgeman.
Y ARK AND STAG
35
Skull and Antlers of Yarkand Stag. From specimen bequeathed by
Mr. A. O. Hume to the British Museum.
The YARKAND STAG (Cervus yarcandensis).
This stag, which inhabits the Tarim Valley and Maralbashi in
Eastern Turkestan, differs markedly from the hangul by the large
and well-defined light rump-patch, which includes the tail, and by the
general colour being light rufous fawn. The antlers are usually
5-tined, but by the development of a third snag to the crown may
become (as in the figure) 6-tined. They differ from those of the
hangul in that the terminal fork is placed at right angles to the
middle line of the head so as to look directly forwards. The fifth
36
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
tine, which is generally inclined inwards, is larger than the fourth, and
the whole upper part of the antlers is often bent forwards in the
manner of those of the shou.
Length
on Circum- Tip to Widest c , ,, ■
outside ference. Tip. inside. SPread Po,ntS-
curve.
Locality.
59}
i6i 28|
6 + 6
Do.
Owner.
4ii
6
3Li
3ii
44
6 + 6
Maralbashi .
British Museum.
40}
40
5i
5^
25
31!
31
5 + 5
6 + 5
Do.
Do.
British Museum
Collection).
. E. L. Phelps.
(Hume
39*
6
-Ah
25
7 + 6
Do.
British Museum
(Hume
Collection). See illus-
tration.
The late David T.
Hanbury.
Kashmir Barasingha Head.
SHOU OR SIKH I M STAG
37
Skull and Antlers of Sikhim Shou. From a specimen bequeathed by
Mr. A. O. Hume to the British Museum.
The SHOU (Cervus wallichi).
A very large stag with antlers, at least in the Sikhim race, of the
general type of those of the hangul, but larger, and with the beam
bent suddenly forwards at the trez-tine, so that the upper half over-
hangs the face, the number of points being usually five. The brow-
tine is less constantly longer than the bez, the fifth tine is large
and inclined inwards, and the terminal fork looks almost directly
forwards. In the typical race, which inhabits the neighbourhood of
the Mansarowar Lake, Tibet, the white rump-patch is large, but it is
smaller in the true shou (C. wallichi affinis), which inhabits the upper
33
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
part of the Chumbi valley and some of the neighbouring valleys in
Bhutan. An identical or nearly allied deer is also found in the Tsan-po
basin, near Lhasa.
Length
on out- Circum- Tip to Widest
side ference. Tip. inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
551
6£
i7i
4?l
7 + 6
Tibetan Frontier
British Museum (Hume Col-
lection). See illustration.
551
6|
26!
44
5 + 5
Do.
British Museum (B. H. Hodg-
son).
54!
54i
6§
2lf
37i
35i
5 + 5
5 + 5
Do.
Do.
British Museum (Dr. Camp-
bell).
His Majesty the King.
53i
-52$
6g
7
3°
45S
38
4 + 5
5 + 5
Do.
Do.
British Museum (Hume Col-
lection).
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
52
8
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
50
6i
2I§
35i
8 + 6
Do.
H. J. Elwes.
49*
1\
38
45*
5 + 5
Do.
Col. J. Biddulph.
-49i
-48
6
391
30
42i
5 + 4
5 + 5
Do.
Chumbi \
alley .
Bombay Natural History
Society.
Lord Curzon.
-48
6f
30S
*39
5 + 5
Tibetan Frontier
H. J. Elwes.
48
6g
17
34l
6 + 5
Do.
H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans.
Ml
51
30!
4°i
5 + 5
Do.
British Museum.
- Owner's measurements.
1 Spread.
THOROLD'S DEER (Cervus albirostris).
Thorold's deer is of the same approximate dimensions as the
hangul, from which it is readily distinguished by the more flattened
antlers, which have no bez-tine, and do not curve inwards, but are
suddenly bent backwards at the point of origin of the trez ; the total
number of points being either five or four. Equally distinctive are the
pure white muzzle and chin ; the white inner surface of the ears ; the
reversal of the hair on the middle of the back, so as to form a kind of
hump on the withers with the points of the hairs directed towards the
neck ; the low position and large size of the gland-tuft on the hind
cannon-bone ; and the shortness of the tail, which is included in the
very large straw-coloured area of the buttocks. The general colour of
WAPITI
39
the coat is uniformly dark brown, with the hairs, which are remarkable
for their coarse and brittle nature, minutely speckled. The antlers are
smooth and white nearly throughout.
The Tibetan plateau, north of Lhasa, is the home of this fine
species of deer, which was originally described by the late Colonel
Przewalski under the scientific name given above. Subsequently two
examples were obtained by Dr. W. G. Thorold, to the north-east of
Lhasa, at an elevation of between 13,000 and 14,000 feet, which,
under the impression that they indicated a new species, were named
C. thoroldi by Dr. W. T. Blanford.
Length
on out-
side
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
TlP.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
47
N. of Lhasa
British Museum.
384
4i
37
27
5 + 4
Central Tibet .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
38
si
28
31
5 + 5
Do.
British Museum.
x-36
4i
32
32
5 + 5
?
Indian Museum.
- Owner's measurements.
1 Bought at Darjiling, thither brought by Tibetans.
The WAPITI DEER (Cervus canadensis).
Wapiti are large deer of the red deer group easy of recognition
by the form of their antlers, which are of great size, carrying, when
fully developed, more than five tines, curving backwards, and being
much flattened in the upper half. They always have the bez-tine
developed, but their most characteristic feature is the great size of the
fourth tine, which is larger than any of the others, and, with the fifth,
which is also long, forms a nearly regular fork ; the fourth, fifth, and
sixth tines being situated almost in the plane of the portion of the
beam immediately below them, so that they more or less completely
hide one another when viewed from the front aspect. The brow-tine
rises close to the burr, and is nearly as long as the bez. The tail is
extremely short ; the light rump-patch is very large and includes the
tail ; the neck and under-parts are blackish ; and the general colour of
the summer coat is yellowish brown on the upper-parts.
Wapiti (known in America as elk) range from North America to
North-eastern and Central Asia, the typical form being the Rocky
Mountain wapiti. The height at the shoulder is about 5 feet 4 inches,
and the weight from 700 to 1000 lbs.
4o
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
A.— KOCKY MOUNTAIN WAPITI (C. canadensis typicns).
Distribution. — X. America, east of the Rockies, inclusive of that range.
Length
on
outside
curve.
Circum-
ference
between
bez and
trez.
Circum-
ference
of burr.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside
beam
of horn.
Widest
outside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
64A
63i
8
8
31*
39
45
45i
52
52
7 + 6
7 + 7
?
Wyoming
Sir Edmund J.
Loder, Bart.
. H. A. C. Darley.
62i
S
1 -.1
1 J-i
46*
55*
17
Do.
. J. G. Millais.
62
61
61
61
6oi
8
8
8
Si
33i
35i
36i
5°§
45i
461
55
53i
55
7 + 7
6 + 6
8 + 8
S + 7
7 + 6
Snake River
Colorado
Bighorn Mts.
Wyoming
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
, Ernest Farquhar.
Sir H. Seton-Karr.
Viscount Powers-
court.
Prince Nicolas
Ghika.
. E. Grant.
6o|
7i
43
46i
6 + 6
Do. .
Major C. C. Ellis.
60
Si
36
371
45
6 + 6
Do. .
W. Winans.
59i
59i
7
Si
Si
13
I6J
3S
4S|
47
43
52
53
S + 7
S + 8
7 + 6
Do. .
S.E. Wyoming
3
. L. E. Sackville
West.
His Majesty . the
King.
J. G. Millais.
59
61
3«>i
45i
5ii
6 + 6
Rocky Mts.
. T. J. Burrough.
59
ll
39
46
53
9 + 7
Wyoming .
Sutton Timmis.
58§
58
9 between
brow and bez
9iV
42
46I
47i
Soh
10+7
7 + 6
Do. .
Do. .
Lord Hythe.
A. II. Straker.
5$
/S
43i
49
9 + 8
Do. .
W Moncrei ffe.
57l
7
36
43i
47
6 + 6
?
R. Fleming Crooks.
57i
6?
24i
351
6 + 6
Montana .
Capt. Abdy.
57}
57
62
9§
10
32
52I
42.i
55
57*
7 + 7
6 + 6
Do. .
Do. .
Sir Humphrey de
Trafford, Part.
T. D. M. Cardeza.
57
57
57
7i
7i
74
'5
53
35i
49'.
4i i
61
7 + 7
8 + 9
6 + 6
Do. .
Montana .
Yellowstone J'ai
Count F. Trautt-
mansdorff.
Sir Edmund <i.
Loder, Hart.
k British Museum.
56J
7-1
37
394
43*
7 + 6
?
Duke of Bedford.
5^
34
49
6 + 6
Montana .
Andrew Jameson.
S^
7
3i
39
42^
6 + 7
Wyoming .
J. V. Colby.
^OSTO/*
PUBLI1
Head of Rocky Mountain Wapiti.
41
42
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on
outside
curve.
56
55§
554
554
554
551
55*
55
55
55
55
x55
54l
54i
544
544
544
544
54§
54i
254
54
54
54
54
54
53/
534
53i
53i
53
Circum-
ference
between
bez and
trez.
7
7
n
7
64
7*
6g
8
7*
7
74
6f
6i
9
6|
6|
64
71
7i
64
71
Circum- t,. , ■.,.., . .... , .
ference of T'P to >X ,d,est ^ lde,st
v.urr lip- inside, outside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
7}
7:;
8
7-t
74
r
6|
434
40
5oi
47§
46|
5i4
5°
7 + 6
6 + 5
6 + 6
Wyoming .
Do. .
Do. .
Royal Automobile
Club.
MajorG. Dalrymple
White.
P. B. Vander Byl.
29^
4°4
454
6 + 6
Do. .
T. P. Kempson.
44
454
6 + 6
?
A. H. Pollen.
46*
434
471
5°4
7 + 6
6 + 6
?
Wyoming .
St. George Little-
dale.
G. L. Harrison.
454
474
7 + 6
6 + 5
Do. .
Do. .
Major Maitland
Kirwan.
E. N. Buxton.
52
50
544
6 + 6
Do. .
W. E. T. Bolitho.
3S
47
524
7 + 7
14
Do. .
?
Viscount Powers-
court.
Duke of Bedford.
5oi
5i
60
6 + 6
?
E. S. Crasten.
37
43i
48
7 + 6
Montana .
E. L. P. Burke.
palmated
14
11 + 7
Colorado .
Montana (?)
Sir Peter Walker,
Bart.
G. Wrey.
28
37
46
6 + 6
?
F. I. Mitchell.
43
434
47
7 + 7
Wyoming .
Duke of Roxburghe.
381
44i
7 + 6
Do. .
E. N. Buxton.
493
48
9 + 7
8 + 7
Do. .
Do. .
Hon. Walter Roths-
child.
Earl of Lonsdale.
434
44i
474
7 + 7
Do. .
H. II. Dutton.
43
42
45
8 + 7
Do. .
P. Niedieck.
48
7 + 8
Do. .
Earl of Lonsdale.
25
362
42|
6 + 6
Siena Nevada
P. Grace.
48
44
12
?
M. P. Grace.
35
27h
42
35 4
42*
6 + 6
7 + 6
Wyoming .
His Majesty the
King.
. P. Radclyffe.
34
47
36
39
49l
40.}
47 V
45
8 + 7
8 + 7
palmated
7 + 6
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
. Rudolph dc Gold-
schmidt.
Ford G. Barclay.
Lord Falconer.
1 Shed antlers weighed 20 lbs.
2 Shot by Sir (;. Gore, Bart.
WAPITI
43
j , Circum-
en£ ference Circum- T- . ,„■ . . «,,■.„,
on , , c c lip to Widest Widest *>■„,„
..^:a„ between ference of -Xn ... „,„-j„ Points.
outside
bez and
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
Locality.
Tip. inside, outside.
Owner.
curve.
trez.
66
60
6 + 6
Wyoming
J. Darley.
65
64|
71
91
4*4
49
40
7 + 7
6 + 7
Laramie Plains,
Wyoming
Wyoming .
Schoverling, Daly,
and Gales.
Col. J. J. Harrison.
64i
8
48
7 + 7
N.W. Wyoming
A. Rogers.
63!
8i
49i
484
7 + 9
North Prong
Frank Cooper.
63*
8|
344
So|
64
6 + 6
Wyoming .
J. C. Phillips.
594
ioj
374
59
Bighorn Mts. .
Sir Savile Crossley,
Bart.
5§i
Si
444
6 + 6
Do. .
J. D. Cobbold.
5H
8i
48
5°
6 + 6
?
F. B. Tolhurst.
58
10
4i
494
7 + 7
Do. .
American National
Collection.
58
Io|
12
7 + 8
?
P. F. Collier.
44
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
£.— WEST AMERICAN WAPITI (C. canadensis occidentalis).
Apparently very closely allied to the typical Rocky Mountain
race, but with the head, neck, and limbs blacker in the winter dress.
The antlers show considerable tendency to cupping and palmation,
and in some cases the portion above the fifth tine is aborted. The
range of this form extends from British Columbia and Vancouver to
Oregon.
Length
on
outside
curve.
Circum-
ference
between
bez and
trez.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Widest
outside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
52
H
37
40
6 + 6
Vancouver .
Barclay Bonthron.
51*
61
35
36i
39i
6 + 6
Do.
. J. M. Hanbury.
-49*
64
33
46i
10 + 7
Do.
A. E. Leatham.
4S
71
32S
36*
34i
6 + 7
Do.
W. R. Thompson.
47
62
37
34
41}
8 + 7
Do.
. J. M. Hanbury.
-45
7i
37
37
7 + 8
Do.
. Clive Phillipps-Wolley
-45
6|
37
39
42
6 + 4
Do.
. J. C. Phillips.
-44i
33h
28
32
6 + 6
Do.
. Capt. C. R. E. Rad
clyffe.
Two other forms of wapiti have been described from North
America, namely, C. canadensis merriami, of the White Mountains,
Arizona, and C. canadensis nannodes, of the San Joaquin Valley,
California. The latter is a small, pale-coloured race, with much white
on the ears, a small rump-patch, and the front of the legs and feet
golden fulvous.
WAPITI
45
Skull and Antlers of Tien Shan Wapiti, shot by Mr. P. Church at Tarbagatai.
C— TIEN-SHAN WAPITI (C. canadensis songaricus).
Judging by the mounted specimen in the British Museum and
numerous examples of the antlers, this race differs from the typical
wapiti by the rump-patch being narrower, more orange in colour, and
not including the middle line of the tail, which is coloured like the
back. There is more black on the borders of the rump-patch, the
thighs, and the flanks, and the general colour is greyer. The antlers
are very large and have the fourth tine shorter and stouter. This
wapiti inhabits the Tien - Shan range in the neighbourhood of
Kulja ; it was first described by Dr. Severtzow under the name
of C. maral, var. songarzca, and subsequently by Dr. Blanford, on
46
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
the evidence of detached antlers obtained by the Second Yarkand
Mission, as C. eustephanus. Weight (W. Winans), 837 lbs.
Length
on
outside
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Spread.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
60
Si
62}
45*
70
IO + 9
Tien Shan
. Capt. J. N. Price Wood.
56*
7i
37*
37*
40*
6 + 6
Do.
G. L. Harrison.
]-55
S
6 + 7
Bought at Kash
gar . Earl of Northbrook.
54
7i
49
46|
5°*
7 + 6
Tien Shan
. P. Church.
-53
9
burr
8 + 6
?
American National Collec
tion.
53
6|
3oh
39
46
6 + 6
Tien Shan
. J. V. Phelps.
53
6|
46
41
49
8 + 8
Do.
Duke of Bedford.
52
6J
24*
3ii
8 + 7
Do.
Capt. J. F. Turner.
52
6
45i
40}
45
6 + 6
Do.
. Capt. the Hon. G. H
Douglas Pennant.
5i
6\
39S
40I
5°|
6 + 5
Do.
A. Ezra.
5'
6|
43i
44*.
46I
7 + 6
Do.
St. George Littledale.
5i
6*
44*.
38
49
10 + 8
Do.
C. C. Tower.
5i
S
44*
5i
55
8 + 7
Do.
Col. H. Appleton.
5o!
6*
4i|
42*.
45
6 + 6
Do.
. C. H. Bury.
50
65
39
43
5i
6 + 6
Do.
Lord Osborne Beauclerk.
50
6£
26
35
38
7 + 6
Do.
A. Bayley-Worthington.
49*
7i
28
33
4i*
8 + 7
Do.
. T. P. Miller.
49i
6g
451
54
55
6 + 6
Do.
. Capt. J. N. Price Wood.
-49
42!
48
6 + 6
Do.
. Lt.-Col. H. M. Biddulph.
AH
47.}
6*.
6|
39*
42.}
42*.
44i
45*
47*
6 + 6
6 + 6
Do.
Do.
. Major A. D. Greenhill
Gardyne.
Lieut.-Col. G. E. Pereira.
47
6|
24!
32i
4i
7 + 6
?
Col. H. G. C. Swayne.
46 K
6
36
4°*
43
6 v6
?
S. W. Carpenter.
46i
7
37*.
44
8 + 7
Tien Shan
P. F. Iladow.
- Owner's measurements.
1 Shed antlers bought by the late Sir Douglas Forsyth.
WAPITI
47
D.— BAIKAL WAPITI (0. canadensis sibiricus).
Antlers less massive and lighter coloured than those of the Tien-
Shan race, with the fourth tine inclined outwards instead of inwards, and
having only a slight bend at the tip, and with the beam at this point
curving gradually inwards and backwards, so that the backward
inclination is less marked than in the latter. Typically from the
Sayansk and Baikal Mountains west of Lake Baikal. Also known as
C. c. asiaticus.
on
outside
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widfst s d
inside. r
5°i
6
29!
384 -
4§4
71
single horn
46£
6i
34
404 -.
454
6i
34i
394 47
45
6
5i4
431
6i
37
35
Points. Locality.
8 + 7 ? Altai .
Owner.
. Duke of Bedford.
7 ? British Museum.
6 + 6 Upper Yenisei Valley J. C. Phillips.
5 + 5 ? Altai . . . H. J. Elwes.
6 + 6 Upper Yenisei Valley Sir Edmund C. Loder, Bart.
6 + 6 Do. Dublin Museum.
E.— BACTRIAN WAPITI (C. canadensis bactrianus).
Named on the evidence of a specimen formerly living in the
Zoological Gardens at Moscow, which was at first regarded as related
to the shou, although its wapiti-affinities were subsequently revealed
by specimens from Chenkend, Turkestan, the head of one of which
is now mounted in the British Museum. The colour is very light
grey, and the dark markings on the lips differ from those of other
wapiti. Has also been named C. hagenbecki.
Distribution. — Chenkend and adjacent districts. The antlers of the
British Museum specimen are somewhat malformed, and have
therefore not been measured.
Length
on Circum- Tip to Widest c i t> • .
outside ference. Tip. inside. SPread" Points-
40
26£
6 + 4
Locality.
Turkestan
Owner.
Duke of Bedford.
4S HE CORDS OF BIG GAME
F.— MANCHURIAN WAPITI (C. canadensis xanthopygus).
Antlers of a shorter and stouter type than in the Tien -Shan
wapiti, with the fourth tine relatively smaller in immature specimens,
and the portion above it less developed at all ages. In the 5-tined
antlers of sub-adult stags the tips of the fourth and fifth tines curve
towards one another like crabs' claws. General colour in winter
brownish grey, in summer bright reddish brown, with the dark winter
mane and under-parts of other wapiti. Also known as C. bedfordi.
Distribution. — Northern Manchuria in the Upper Ussuri district.
Length
on Circum- Tip to Widest g d p int& Locality. Owner.
outside ference. lip. inside. r
curve.
33 ... 6 + 6 Upper Yenisei T- C. Phillips.
Valley
32f 35! 7 + 6 Do. Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
6 + 6 ? American National Collection.
26J 28^ 6+5 N.E.Manchuria A. J. A. Douglas.
24 26i 5 + 5 Do. Capt. H. L. Archer- Houblon.
z\\ ... 6 + 6 ? 11. J. Elwes.
z6f 291 7 + 5 ? Do.
25! 29 8 + 7 ? Duke of Bedford.
- Owner's measurements.
Luehdorf's Wapiti {C. luehdorfi) appears to have been founded on
aged individuals of this race. The type specimens came from Trans-
baikalia, and were probably brought from the Bureatish Steppe of
Northern Manchuria.
The Obi Wapiti {C. c. biedermanni) comes from Lake Teletzh at the
source of the Obi, and Barnoul, lower down the same valley.
4ii
61
23
4oh
H
23
-3»4
71
33h
5
23
33
5
25
33+
5i
i8i
324
5i
26;
31.1
6
17
SIX A BEER
49
Skull and Antlers of Tapanese Sika. From a specimen
in the Collection of Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
The SIKA DEER (Cervus [Pseudaxis] sica).
The Japanese sika deer is the typical representative of a group of
deer in which the antlers are shorter and simpler than is usually the
case in the red, deer group, and have generally four tines, including a
trez, but lacking a bez. The coat is spotted, at least in summer, and
there is a black-bordered white area in the region of the tail, which is
relatively long. They constitute the subgenus Pseudaxis. In the
typical species the tail is white at the tip, but black above for at
least some part of its length ; and the gland on the hind cannon-bone
is covered with white hairs. The coat is chestnut-red with numerous
white spots in summer, and browner, with no (or only indistinct traces
of) spots in winter. These deer are distributed over Northern China,
Manchuria, Japan, and the Liu Kiu Islands, where they are represented
by two or three races differing chiefly in size. In the Japanese deer
{C. sica typiais), which inhabits Japan and Northern China, the height
at the shoulder varies from about 2 feet 8 inches to 2 feet 10 inches,
whereas in the Manchurian deer {C. sica manchuricus) it reaches 3 feet
3 inches. The Liu Kiu race is not yet named. Both the Japanese
and the Manchurian races have been acclimatised in English and Irish
E
5°
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
parks. Weight (\Y. Winans), I So lbs. — 12 stone clean (Marquis of
Waterford).
^.—JAPANESE SIKA (C. sica typicus).
Length
on out-
side
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
-28|
3l
iSi
4 + 4
Japan
. J. C. Phillips.
26i
31
i9i
4 + 4
?
British Museum.
25i
5
171
4 + 4
Japan
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection
25§
4i
20$
4 + 4
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
23h
4l
4 + 4
Bred in England
W. Winans.
22i
4
16
5 + 4
Do.
. H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans.
X22j
3i
12*
4 + 3
Bred in Ireland .
Marquis of Lansdowne.
22
4
l6|
5 + 4
Do.
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection
2li
31
I3l
4 + 4
Do.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
20£
3l
I2|
4 + 4
Bred in England
. H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans.
20
3i
I2|
4 + 3
Do.
. W. Winans.
i9i
2JL
■J2
I7|
4+4
Bred in Ireland .
. V. Brooke.
»7i
3
i6i
4 + 4
Woburn
. Duke of Bedford.
16
3*
13*
3 + 3
Bred in Ireland .
C. E. Russell.
i6|
3
9l
4 + 3
Do.
Hon. John Ward.
2i5l
2?
Mi
4 + 4
Do.
Marquis of Hamilton.
1
12 stone
clean.
2 Weight, 143 lbs. as it fell.
B.— MANCHURIAN SIKA (C. sica manchuricus).
Length
on out- Circum- Tip to t, • . ... ■ , .
side fcrence. Tip. Po,nts- Ut,«ht-
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
-26
4}
4 + 4
M
anchuria
Paris Museum.
23
3i
i8i
4 + 4
Do.
Duke of Bedford
23
5-i
«5i
3 + 4
164 lbs.
Do.
W. Winans.
20\
3i
16
4 + 4
153 lbs.
Do.
Do.
_
0
neasurements.
SIKA DEER 51
The FORMOSAN SIKA (Cervus [Pseudaxis] taevanus).
Nearly allied to the typical sika, but distinctly spotted in winter,
when the coat retains more or less of the rufous summer-tinge. The
dark line down the middle of the back is very strongly marked, there
is a more distinct black bar above the white tail-patch, and the limbs
are shorter and the body proportionately longer. The height at the
shoulder is about 2 feet 1 1 inches. This species is confined to the
mountains of the island of Formosa.
Length
on
outside
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
192
31
13
i6f
4 + 4
Formosa
British Museum.
19
3i
4 + 4
Do.
. Duke of Bedford,
52
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Dybowski's Sika.
DYBOWSKI'S SIKA (Cervus [Pseudaxis] hortulorum).
In addition to its larger size (between 3 feet 7 inches and 4 feet
at the shoulder), this species is distinguished from the Manchurian sika
by the hairs covering the gland on the hind cannon-bone being of the
same colour as the rest of the coat in summer and only slightly grizzled
in winter, and by the tip of the tail being apparently white. The head
and neck are bluish grey, and in immature animals whitish spots
persist in winter, although these disappear completely at this season in
fully adult bucks, in which the coat becomes very long and shaggy,
especially on the throat and neck. Hinds are more brightly coloured
in winter than the stags, and retain distinct spotting. This deer was
named C. hortulorum by Consul Swinhoe from an immature buck and
doe taken at the sack of the Summer Palace, Pekin, and was afterwards
obtained in the wild state in the Ussuri district of North-eastern
Manchuria, when it received the name of C. dybowskii. In the typical
Manchurian race ( C. hortulorum typicus) there is no dark line down
the back ; but this is present in the smaller southern race (C. liortulorum
kopschi of the Yang-tsi valley.
PEKIN SIR A
53
Length
on out-
side
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
34*
321
51
5i
34i
23i
25i
22|
5 + 5
4 + 4
?
N.E. Manchuria
British Museum (Duke of
Bedford).
A. J. A. Douglas.
31*
5i
27s
26|
4 + 4
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
27
4*
232
20
4 + 4
Manchuria
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
26
3i
iS
iSi
4 + 4
Do.
E. P. Tennant.
32£
4*
i6i
234
4 + 4
(Shed antlers) .
Duke of Bedford.
32
4i
27
24s
4 + 4
Do.
Do.
31*
41
.182
4 + 4
N.E. Manchuria
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
29I
4l
27S
21
5 + 5
Do.
W. Banks.
27i
4l
164
I9l
4 + 4
Do.
A. Hardcastle.
26
4i
5 + 4
(Shed antlers) .
W. Winans.
Dybowski's Stag in summer coat, with the antlers in velvet.
Photographed by the Duchess of Bedford.
54
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head ot Barasingha.
The BARASINGHA or SWAMP -DEER (Cervus [Rucervus] duvauceli).
This species belongs to the rucervine group, in which the antlers
lack a bez-tine, and apparently also a trez; the beam being regularly
forked, and each branch again dividing, so that there are at least four
tines. The gland on the hind-leg is absent or represented by a tuft.
BARASINGHA 5 5
In the swamp-deer the antlers are smooth and flattened, with a long
brow-tine rising almost at right angles to the beam, which is undivided
for about half the total length of the antler, and then splits into a fork,
each branch being usually simply forked, but sometimes divided in a
Head of Barasingha, from the Central Provinces, with antlers approximating
to the Thamin type.
From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1899.
more complicated manner. General colour bright rufous brown, often
speckled near the back. Height at shoulder, from 3 feet 8 inches
to 3 feet 1 0 inches ; weight, about 400 lbs.
Distribution. — India, exclusive of Ceylon.
56
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on
outside
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
41
6h
35i
3S-
S + 5
Central Provinces
Capt. W. W. Hancock.
41
54
32
371
S + 7
Do.
Col. C B. Wood.
41
39l
5l
5
(one antler
broken)
35* 37*
6 + 6
5 + 6
Do.
Do.
Major C. S. Cumberland.
Do.
3Si
51
(shed antlers)
6 + 5
Do.
C. F. Egerton.
3S
4S
28|
331
6 + 6
Do.
J. A. McKee.
3S
53
35l
36i
7 + 7
Do.
R. J. Purcell.
-38
43
6 + 6
Do.
J. D. Inverarity.
-.-1
~5t 2
3/1
4i
51
28
23§
3i
28i
5 + 5
7 + 6
Do.
?
Bombay Natural History
Society.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
36|
6
27i
8 + 6
?
Major Lord Charles M. Nairne
361
42
32
20I
5 + 5
?
Mrs. Macan.
36i
51
311
34
8 + 7
Kheri
Capt. H. Pelham Burn.
36i
51
29l
26^
7 + 5
?
Capt. H. F. Salt.
-36*
5
21
25
6 + 5
Nepal
. R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
36
5
26!
28I
6 + 5
?
Major T. M. Ward.
36
36
5
4l
292
47
33l
47
6 + 5
6 + 6
Nepal .
Central Provinces
British Museum (B. II.
Hodgson).
Col. C. B. Wood.
-36
29
6 + 6
Nepal
J. D. Inverarity.
-36
51
32*
7 + 7
?
Major W. Anstruther Gray.
35 h
5
30&
32|
5 + 5
p
Lieut. -Col. R. Gordon.
35i
44
27
29-
?
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
35i
41
29i
32:;-
6 + 5
?
Capt. H. J. D. Broughton.
35i
5l
22}
7 + 6
Nepal
II. C. V. Hunter.
35
4*
27i
3oh
5 + 5
Tarai
Lieut. -Col. E. B. Cook.
35
51
3il
341
8 + 6
Central Provinces .
Major R. Baker-Carr.
35
5
29I
32i
6 + 6
Do.
British Museum.
34i
4l
32
6 + 5
?
Sir Guy Fleetwood Wilson.
34
41
22i
25I
8 + 7
?
Capt. S. F. A. Hurt.
33i
5
25*
3r->}
8 + 6
p
Duke of Penerenda,
33
5
3°
3°|
4 + 4
p
< 1. P. Cosens.
measurements.
SC HO MB URGE'S DEER
57
Skull and Antlers of Schomburgk's Deer. From a specimen in the British Museum,
presented by the late Mr. Rowland Ward.
SCHOMBURGK'S DEER (Cervus [Rucervus] schomburgki).
La-ong or La-on, Siamese.
Allied to the preceding, but the antlers smooth, rounded, and
more complex ; the brow-tine very long, frequently forked, and arising
nearly at right angles to the beam, which is very short, compressed,
and regularly forked, with each of the main branches about equally
developed and again forking in a similar manner to terminate in long
cylindrical tines. General colour uniform dark brown. Height at
shoulder, about 3 feet 5 inches.
Distribution. — Siamese territory east and west of the Menam River ;
also Cambodia west of the Menam River south of Paknampho,
and in swamps occasionally on the east ; in fact, chiefly the inland
districts east of the Menam River in Northern Siam.
3°
Length
on
outside
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
j\.n
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
35
-32*
Si
I7J
1
3ii
29
11 +9
12+ II
Siam .
Do. .
British Museum (Rowland
Ward).
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
-3i*
-3oJ
6i
24
27i
13 + 10
IO+ 12
Do. .
Do. .
Bombay Natural History
Society.
American National Collection
3°l
5
i5§
33
10+ 10
Do. .
British Museum.
29!
4f
2S|
3i§
IO+ 11
Do. .
Do.
29i
6
i9i
27
6 + 7
Do. .
J. Carr Saunders.
2Si
5i
1 1
29s
11 + 9
Do. .
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection
-28-s
5'25
9'5
2S-5
10 + 9
Do. .
Indian Museum.
28
4^
1 91
29I
10 + 6
Do. .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
27i
5!
20
27!
10 + 9
Do. .
J. W. Ford.
26|
6i
18
3oi
10 + 8
Do. .
J. C. Phillips.
26i
5i
23
32i
11 +9
Do. .
G. L. Harrison.
20j
4
ill
20
6 + 6
Do. .
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
- Owner's measurements
The THAMIN or ELD'S DEER (Cervus [Rucervus] eldi).
Although belonging to the same group as the two preceding
species, this deer is readily distinguished by the peculiar form of the
antlers. These are rounded and rough, with a long curved brow-tine,
forming a continuation of the curve of the beam, which is set at right
angles to the pedicle ; the beam unbranched for some distance, much
curved, and finally forked, with the outer prong more subdivided than
the inner. Height at shoulder, about 4 feet 3 inches ; weight, from
210 lbs. to 245 lbs. There are three races of this species. First, the
Burmese thamin (C. eldi typicus), ranging from near Manipur through
Burma to the Malay Peninsula, in which the antlers are rounded
throughout, and the coat is uniformly umber-brown. Secondly, the
Manipur thamin (C. eldi cornipes), in which the under surface of the
fetlock is horny instead of hairy. Thirdly, the Siamese thamin (C. eldi
plutyceros), from Siam and Hainan, in which the tips of the antlers are
flattened with a number of small snags, and the coat is redder, with
yellowish spots. Swamp-deer from the Central Provinces show a re-
markable approximation in the form of their antlers to the present
species, as shown in the figure on page 55.
THAMIN
59
Length
on outside c;rcum.
curve not ference_
including
brow-tine.
42
41
-41
40i
4oi
40
40
-395
39!
J39§
-392
-39i
-39
-39
3§§
385
3H
Tip to Widest
Tip. inside.
37
37
36S
36S
36*
36o
36
36
36
36
36
35*
5
5*
5i
5
5
Si
51
5
5
5
5
7k
5
6i
6i
5
4l
44
5
6
4S
4i
44
Al
4i
4?
5
4i
5
4i
24
27i
30
252-
3°i
2lg
21
25i
20j
3lf
29|
212
22^
41
251
24
2ll
295
20j
23l
16
22
22f
24*
23
295
25
3lf
224
29
36
36
34i
36|
28
32i
35*
3°i
36|
37
33
29
29i
365
32
3ii
37i
27
27
293
28I
31
3ii
33i
37
3ii
Points.
3 + 2
5 + 5
5 + 7
7 + 6
6 + 5
5 + 5
6 + 5
7 + 6
6 + 6
20
(small points)
12
10+ IO
5 + 5
16+ 19
6 + 5
7 + 7
5 + 5
5 + 4
4 + 4
4 + 4
7 + 5
5 + 4
5 + 4
10 + 9
4 + 3
4 + 4
7 + 5
6 + 4
6 + 6
Locality.
Owner.
Burma . . A. H. Collins.
Upper Burma . Maj.-Gen. O. E. P. Lloyd.
Do. . Col. G. H. Evans.
Do. . A. B. Roberts.
? C. B. S males.
Upper Burma . Maj.-Gen. H. D'U. Keary.
Do. . Col. H. Appleton.
Do. . ' S. E. F. Jenkins.
Burma . . Col. J. W. A. Morgan.
Siam . . Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Burma . . Major E. W. M. Purvis.
Do. . . Lieut. -Col. H. de H. Haig.
Manipur . . Lieut. -Col. H. S. Wood.
Lower Burma . • W. O. Hannyngton.
Manipur
Burma
Pegu
Burma
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Manipur
Burma
British Museum.
British Museum (Hume
Collection).
P. Grace.
G. R. Radmore.
H. F. Hall.
Major C. S. Cumberland.
Capt. J. A. F. Field.
Major L. E. Hopkins.
Capt. M. E. Lloyd.
H. Twyford.
W. S. Powell.
Capt. H. W. Marsden.
Capt. L. P. Haviland.
Duke of Bedford.
L. G. Nunes.
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
Kyaikto, Lower J. W. Clough.
Burma
- Owner's measurements.
Measured on front of antler from highest tip to tip of frontal tine 56J inches.
6o
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
0:1 outside
curve, not
including
brow-tine.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
-35*
5
29i
32
4 + 4
Manipur .
R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
_35
6
22
27
5 + 5
Burma
Bombay Natural History Society
35
4i
23
30
5 + 4
Upper Burma .
W. A. Conduitt.
34h
5
i6£
24
6 + 6
Burma
P. B. Vander Byl.
34i
4S
3ii
34i
10 + 7
Do. .
W. 0. Hannyngton.
34g
5
24
32}
6 + 6
Do. .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Owner's measurements.
Skull and Antlers of Thamin. From a Burmese specimen.
Extreme length
of ri^ht antler
the out- Circum- Tip to Widest Number of
side curve, high- ference. Tip. span. Pi
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
Locality.
1 lwn< 1 .
est point, to tip
56*
i
28
37
13
Burma
\V. F. Loftus-Tottenham
55.1
34i
42]
12
Do.
Do.
55
7
28^
384
12
Do.
Col. < j. II. Evans.
55
5i
y>
37
'5
Do.
Do.
55
5
42
■3
Do.
Do.
SAMBAR
61
Head of Sambar.
The SAMBAR DEER (Cervus [Rusa] unicolor).
The typical representative of the rusine group of deer, in which
the antlers are rounded and three-tined, the bez and apparently the trez
being wanting, and the summit of the beam forked. The relatively
long tail is bushy, the tear-gland and the pit in the skull for its
reception are large, and the upper ends of the nasal bones of the skull
expanded. In the typical sambar the height reaches to 5 feet at
the shoulder. Antlers large and rough, with the brow-tine given off
at an acute angle to the beam, and the two terminal tines of nearly
equal length. Hair coarse and shaggy, uniformly dark umber-brown,
with some chestnut on the buttocks, in the adult. Face-glands very
large, and capable of being turned inside out. Ears large, and the
tail relatively long and bushy. Young uniformly coloured or
spotted.
62
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Distribution. — The wooded districts of India, Ceylon, the Malay
countries, the Philippines, Formosa, Bonin Island, and parts of
China.
-J.— INDIAN SAMBAR (C. unicolor typicus).
Size very large, young uniformly coloured ; weight, about 600 lbs.,
when cleaned 415 lbs.
A pair of antlers, from the Central Provinces, measured 48 inches
along the curve inside ( = nearly 50 inches on outside curve); they
were sent to Mr. A. O. Hume by Mr. R. Blewitt.
Distribution. — The wooded districts of India and Ceylon.
Length Circum-
on ference Tip to Widest -r, ■ .
i_ t- • -j Foints.
outside above 1 lp. inside.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
brow-tine.
5°£
4S
-471
7*
7
24 3Si
Single shed
specimen
28i
3 : 3
3
Bhopal
Khandesh .
Cent. Provinces .
Col. H. H. Shahzada
Obeidulla Khan.
R. H. Madan.
A. P. Perceval.
-463
49
3-3
Do.
R. Wordsworth.
46i
6i
36|
4ii
3 + 3
Do.
Duncan J. A. Campbell.
46A
6i
iS
29
3 + 3
United Provinces
A. V. Willcox.
46^
-46$
24i
45
3°l
3 + 3
Cent. Provinces .
Garhwal
British Museum (Hume
Collection).
R. M. Nash.
46
9
?
C. J. Lucas.
45i
7
171
28i
3 + 3
?
E. R. Loder.
-45*
7.i
38
42i
3 + 3
Saugor, C. P.
Lieut. -Col. R. W. Mapleton.
45
45
7-
7.
i7:i
8
32^
33l
3 + 3
3 + 3
3 + 3
?
Mayoghur, Cent. Pro-
vinces
?
British Museum (Dr. II.
Falconer).
Sir John Morris.
I). K. Wright.
: 45
4 5
44 i
9
8
6
! u p by
26 22h
Dr.
Cent. Provinces .
Orissa
Provinces (?)
?
Bombay Natural History
iciety,
11.11. the Maharaja ol Tra-
vancore.
Heigliway |
Lieut.-Col. 1". Jollie.
51
35i
3 + 3
?
I.. W. Rej "
44i
454
3 + 3
Kangeer
Col. W. J. Morris.
- Owi •
1 Tbi ■• a portion 1 ded in the Journaloj the B
Natural History Society, iii. p. 2: 1 ..■ m shoi Vfr. R. Gilbert in the I entral Pi , but v,<a
minus this [ ;■ ' .-.r.
SAMBAR
Frontlet and Horns of Sambar, shot by the Hon. J. Best.
Spread, 49 J inches.
Length
on
outside
curve.
Circum-
ference
above
brow-tine
44
6
44
61
43l
5§
43*
5i
43*
6
43i
6i
43*
6
43
6
43
6
43
6i
43
6f
42|
Si
42
6i
4iS
51
Tip to Widest t> • .
rrf- - • , Point
lip. inside.
Locality.
9i 24§ 3 + 3 Rewa".
i9i 3if 3 + 3 Do. .
Single horn 3 + 3 Do. .
17 28 3 + 3 Do. .
32 43 J 3 + 3 Cent. Provinces
2o| 29! 3 + 3 Do.
26^ 34! 3 + 3 Do.
38 43i 3 + 3 ?
24i 3° 3 + 3 Khandesh .
33 35 4 + 3 Cent. Provinces .
26| 34 3 + 3 ?
26 32i 3 + 3 Cent. Provinces .
23i 35* 3 + 3 ?
i9i 23 3 + 3 ?
Owner.
Major C. F. Pinney.
H. E. M. Davies.
British Museum (Hume
Collection).
Sir P. E. Bates.
J. H. Beckett.
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
C. A. Mortimore.
J. H. Beckett.
A. Cumine.
H. W. Seton Karr.
Capt. C. P. Graham.
A. H. Pollen.
Capt. A. H. Bailey. >
Capt. W. F. Reichwald.
64
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length Circuni-
oii ference Tip to Widest p0;nts
outside above Tip. inside.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
brow-tine.
4*1
7
-s.i
34i
3 + 3
3
lion. Walter Rothschild.
41*
7h
27
3 + 3
Cent
Province-. .
Capt. Lord Charles Bentinck.
4ii
H
3oi
36A
4 + 4
Do.
. P. Jay.
4i|
5i
22
24i
3 + 3
Do.
. Capt. W. O. Gibbs.
4li
6
12*
*3i
3 + 3
Do.
. Lieut. -Col. T. M. Ward.
36|
6|
35i
32
Spreac
S + 6
, 49i-
Do.
Hon. J. Best. (See illustra
tion. )
Ceylon Specimens.
Length
on
outside
curve.
Circum-
ference
above
brow-tine.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Owner.
32i
H
24
26}
3 + 3
A. R. Hay.
3ii
5
20
17
4 + 3
Lieut. -Col. G. E. Hale
-30
8?
2li
I9l
3 + 3
J. Ryan.
29
41
25
22j
3 + 3
Earl Cairns.
27i
4i
i6|
20
3 + 3
A. M. Naylor.
Owner's measurements
SAMBAR
65
Frontlet and Antlers of Malay Sambar.
Drawn from a Burmese specimen in the British Museum.
B — MALAY SAMBAR (C. unicolor equinus).
This local race is nearly as large as the Indian sambar, but the
antlers are generally shorter and thicker, with the hind or inner tine
of the terminal fork much shorter than the front one, and arising as a
spur from the inner hind margin of the beam, of which the front tine
forms the direct continuation ; the brow-tine is also generally longer.
General colour of coat of adult darker, usually a light ring round the
eyes, the ears smaller, often with a white margin, and the tail very
bushy. Young spotted. The distributional area extends from Assam
and Cachar through Burma and the Malay Peninsula to Siam, Hainan,
Borneo, and perhaps Sumatra.
F
66
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on out-
side
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
rip.
Widest
msiue.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
33
;
28I
3°
5 + 5
Burma
D. H. M. Boyle.
5i
26
27}
3 + 3
Cochin China .
II. R. IT. the Due de Mont
3^
5
32 i
33i
3 + 3
Do.
pensier.
Do.
31
OS
Mi
i8i
3 + 3
?
G. Monteath.
3i
Si
26.};
26i
5 + 5
Burma
E. M. Alexander.
3oi
6i
I7i
I9l
7 + 7
Borneo .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
3o£
4l
20^!
21.1
3 + 3
Do. .
British Museum.
29a
51
15}
14
3 + 3
Do. .
P. Grace.
5i
18
20
3 + 3
OWNER'S:
Do. .
MEASUREMENTS
J. H. Dauber.
42
S
28
Upper Burma .
H. Shaw Dunn.
34v
83
20|
25i
3 + 3
Do.
A. L. Bacon.
32i
7h
24J
27i
3 + 2
Burma .
Major-Gen. O. E. P. Lloyd.
32
7k
20|
z33
Upper Burma .
H. L. P. Walsh.
V\
6
24f
26
3 + 3
Do.
B. Lentaine.
30L
5J
275
I30
3 + 3
Burma .
1 Outside.
Col. G. H. Evans.
C— FORMOSAN SAMBAR (C. unicolor swinhoei).
This race is very closely related to the preceding, from which it is
distinguished by its shorter head, concave profile, longer limbs, and
certain differences in colour ; the lower part of the legs being brownish
or whitish yellow, and the bushy tail black all round. It is confined
to the island of Formosa.
Length
on out-
side
Circum-
ference.
•| ip to
j iP.
Point«.
Owner.
9
3 + 3
liritish Museum.
'7
42
5
1 hike of Bedford.
'7
4
104
Sir Edmund ' \. Loder
Bart
16
3 + 3
Bi ni h M m.
SAMBAR
67
D.— LUZON SAMBAR (C. unicolor philippinus).
Nearly allied to the two last, the height at the shoulder being
probably from 33 to 35 inches, the build stout and massive, with the
hind-quarters specially elevated, and the form that of a small Malay
sambar. On the head is a blackish streak starting from over each eye
to form a line down the middle of the face separated by a band of
pale fawn from a moustache-like dark mark on the muzzle.
Distribution. — The island of Luzon, in the Philippines ; introduced into
the Marianne Islands, specimens from which have been described
as a separate species under the name of C. mariannus.
Length
on
outside
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
21
4i
5h
3 + 3
Luzon .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
i9§
5i
7*
4 + 4
Do. .
British Museum.
iS§
Si
14I
4+3
Do. .
Do.
E. — BASILAN SAMBAR (C. unicolor nigricans).
Smaller than the last, the height at the shoulder in a mounted
specimen in the British Museum being 27 inches. Detached antlers
indicate, however, larger animals.
Length
on
outside
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Points.
Locality.
curve.
13!
4i
I2|
3 + 3
Basilan Island
134
4i
I If
3 + 3
Do.
Owner.
British Museum (A. H. Everett).
Do.
F— SZE-CHUAN SAMBAR (C. unicolor dejeani).
A large race from North-western China, with very massive antlers,
which show a tendency to develop small supplemental snags.
Length
on Circum- Tip to Widest p_;nt_
outside ference. Tip. inside,
curve.
Locality.
31
.-.r.3
22 i\\ 3 + 3 N.W. China
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Paris Museum (type).
Owner's measurements
68
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Antlers of Javan Rusa.
From a specimen in the collection of Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
The RUSA DEER (Cervus [Rusa] hippelaphus).
General form, coat, and colour sambar-like ; but the ears smaller,
the tail thin, the hairs on the back banded with coloured rings, and the
under-parts, chin, and inner sides of buttocks whitish. Antlers com-
paratively slender and only moderately rough, with the brow-tine
medium or short, and making a large acute angle with the beam ; the
hind or inner tine of the terminal fork much longer than the front
or outer one, and forming the continuation of the beam, from the
front or front outer surface of which the brow-tine arises as an off-
shoot ; the two antlers enclosing a lyrate space. Young, uniformly
coloured. There are two races of this species — one the Javan rusa
(C. hippelaphus typicus) of the approximate size of a red deer, and the
other the Moluccan rusa (C. hippelaphus violuccensis\ from Celebes and
RUSA DEER
69
the Moluccas, said to be smaller, and without a distinct mane on the
neck or tuft to the tail.
A. — JAVAN BUS A (0. hippelaphus typicus).
outside
curve.
37h
37h
-36
35i
35i
34h
34
234
33i
Circum- Tip to Widest po;nts_
ference. lip. inside
Locality.
Owner.
51
5
4l
4i
Al
5
5
4i
16
i6|
iii
22§
i7i
17:,
.19I
17
3 + 3 Java . . . His Majesty the King.
3 + 3 Do. . . . British Museum.
3 + 3 Mauritius (introduced) Admiral Sir William Kennedy
3 + 3 Java . . . Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
3 + 3 Do. . . . Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Do.
Do.
Rodriguez (introduced) Admiral Sir William Kennedy.
3 + 3 Java
3 + 3 Do.
Owner's measurements. l Weight, 269 lbs.
i7i 22} 3 + 3
14 16^ 3 + 3
12
25h
Vice- Admiral Sir Colin R. Keppel,
R.N.
J. C. Phillips.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart. (See
illustration, p. 68. )
Duke of Bedford.
B. — MOLUCCAN EUSA (C. hippelaphus moluccensis).
Length
on
outside
curve.
36J
274
Sf
Circum-
ference.
41
4l
4
Tip to
Tip.
l8£
14A
54
Points.
3 + 3
3 + 3
Locality.
Batchian
Owner.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Duke of Bedford.
British Museum (A. R. Wallace).
7o
RECORDS OF JUG GAME
Frontlet and Horns of Chital. Shot by the Hon. J. Best.
The CHITAL or AXIS DEER (Cervus [Axis] axis).
This beautiful species is distinguished from all the other members
of the rusa-like deer, except the Philippine spotted deer {C. alfredi),
by the body being profusely spotted with white at all seasons and
all ages ; the general colour of the upper-parts being light rufous
fawn, with a dark stripe from the nape to the tip of the tail and
a black band on the muzzle. Height at shoulder, from 36 to 38
inches ; live-weight estimated at about 200 lbs. Antlers supported
on short pedicles, long, slender, and moderately rough ; the brow-tine
making nearly a right angle with the beam, and the front tine of the
terminal fork, which forms the continuation of the beam, much the longer.
The Ceylon chital (C. axis zeylanicus) has relatively small and light
antlers, and also differs somewhat in coloration from the large typical
race of Central India. There is also a small continental form (C. axis
mim
Distribution.- India and Ceylon.
' r< umfer-
■ above
39
4i
'Si
ilily.
Tit. inces
Jubbulpore
Lady Eileen Elliol
l . Pope.
CHITAL
7i
th on
Circumfer-
utside
urve.
ence above
the first
point.
Tip to Tip.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
3§i
4
25
5 + 5
Mandla .
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
-384
38
42
4l
I94
18
3 + 3
3 + 3
Asirgarh Jungle, Lieut. -Col. M. Cust.
Central Provinces
East Berar . . Brig. -Gen. F. H. Whitby.
38
441
20
4 + 4
Do.
Major-Gen. H. D'U. Keary.
38
44
22
4 + 4
?
Col. A. Pollock.
372
31
19
3 + 3
Siwalik Hills .
Major B. R. M. Glossop.
374
37*
44
44
24|
21
4+4
4 + 3
Bassim, C.P. .
British Museum (Hume Col-
lection).
Major A. D. Greenhill-Gardyne.
37i
44
i6|
4 + 5
?
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
3ll
44
17
4 + 4
United Provinces
A. Courthorpe.
-374
44
I2f
4 + 4
?
J. C. Phillips.
37i
4
214
3 + 3
Central Provinces
. A. P. Jack.
36|
4
20|
41-4
Do.
. J. A. McKee.
363
364
44
44
20
25
5 + 5
4 + 3
Do.
Berar
Hon. J. Best. (See illustration
p. 70.)
. C. H. Seely.
351
4
I9l
3 + 3
Central Provinces
. Major G. T. M. Bridges.
354
44
1 84
4 + 4
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
354
4
124
5 + 5
?
G. W. Hatch.
354
4
324
3 + 3
?
Capt. R. Tudor Owen.
354
3i
19
3 + 3
?
Col. H. Denys.
-35
-3
174
3 + 3
Ceylon .
. R. Wilson.
-344
4f
194
3 + 3
Do. .
F. J. S. Turner.
-344
3 + 3
Do. .
G. A. Burney.
-33s
4A
I4iV
3 + 3
Do. .
. J. P. Ireson.
-33*
,18
3t~<T
3 + 3
Do. .
. A. J. Wickwar.
-32l
44
24
3 + 3
Do. .
. E. M. Biggs.
-32
44
Hi
3^3
Do. .
. J. G. Napier.
32
34
194
3 + 3
Do. .
. W. J. Smith.
3il
4
13
3 + 3
Do. .
. M. J. Alderson.
-3i4
3l
174
3 + 3
Do. .
Count Scheibler.
3i4
3
104
3 + 3
Do. .
. A. R. Hay.
-3ii
3s
17
3 + 3
Do. .
G. B. Vernon.
-3ii
3
9
3 + 3
Do. .
H. Storey.
30 i
34
10]
3 + 3
Do. .
. Major F. H. N. Pym.
- Owner's measurements
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Ho^-Deer.
The HOG-DEER or PARA (Cervus [Hyelaphus] porcinus).
In the group typified by the hog-deer the antler-pedicles are long,
the bulla of the skull is large, and the pit for the face-gland much less
deep than in the sambar group, while the nasal bones are not ex-
panded superiorly, and the tail is shorter. In the Philippines the group
(Hyelaphus) is represented by the Philippine hog-deer C. calamienensis,
and by the species named C. culionensis. The Indian hog-deer is not
dissimilar to the Bavian deer, but the antlers are larger, the build longer
and lower, and the summer coat of the adult, as well as that of the
young, spotted with yellowish white. General colour in winter rufous or
yellowish brown, somewhat speckled above, and much darker beneath ;
in summer, upper-parts paler and more or less spotted. Antlers on
long pedicles, with the hind tine of the terminal fork the shorter.
Height at shoulder, from about 25 to 29 inches ; weight, about 90 to
100 lbs. A pair of antlers belonging to a specimen shot by Mr. A. O.
Hume in the Ganges Khadir, near Meerut, measured 20 inches along
the beam inside, and had a mid-beam girth of 35 inches.
Distribution. — India, throughout the Indo-Gangetic plain from Sind
and the Punjab to Assam, thence through Sylhet to Burma, Tenas-
serim, and Siam. The Siamese race (C. p. hecki) differs from the
typical hog-deer by its superior size and the absence of spots.
HOG-DEER
73
Length on
outside
curve.
-12\
2lf
-2ii
-21
20§
-20§
-2Ci£
-2C>£
-20
-i9l
194
igi
19*
19*
19
>-i8
18
Circum-
;rence above
brow-tine.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
3i
12*
Burma .
Col. G. H. Evans.
3i
20
Do. .
J. C. Phillips.
3i
6|
Do. .
British Museum.
-.3
J4
22^
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
3i
is*
Pegu .
Major-Gen. E. M. Norie.
31
22|
?
Major W. Anstruther Gray.
3i
Nepal .
Bombay Natural History Society.
41
i7i
?
J. Whitaker.
3
9i
United Provinces .
J. Nugent.
3*
16
Burma .
Meerut
Indian Museum (Capt. R. C.
Beavan).
Major W. Q. Winwood.
3^
3i
13§
16
Dudla Swamp,
United Provinces
?
Major W. E. Stobart.
Col. A. Short.
3i
i6i
Burma .
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
31
i8|
?
H. C. V. Hunter.
3i
18
Upper Burma
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
61
19
Ganges Khadir
Lieut. -Gen. Sir R. Pole-Carew.
2a
I2|
Burma
D. H. M. Boyle.
Owner's measurements.
1 Ten points.
The BAVIAN DEER (Cervus [Hyelaphus] kuhli).
A small deer allied to the hog-deer, standing about 27 inches at
the shoulder, of light build, and of a uniform brown colour, without a
dark stripe down the back.
Distribution. — The Bavian Islands, between Borneo and Java.
Length on
outside curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Widest
inside.
IOs
Points.
3 + 3
Owner.
British Museum.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Fallow Deer.
The FALLOW DEER (Dama vulgaris, or Dama dama).
Antlers normally without a bez, but with a trez-tine, above which
the beam is pal mated, with numerous snags on the hind edge. Coat
spotted with white in summer (except in the black breed), with a black -
bordered white area in the neighbourhood of the long tail. Height at
shoulder, about 3 feet; weight, about 140 lbs. clean.1 The original
distribution includes Greece, Spain, Portugal, Anatolia, Rhodes, Sardinia,
Minor, Northern Palestine, and North-western Africa, but the
species has been introduced into Great Britain and some other countries.
In Spain wild fallow abound in Estremadura, especially in the province
of Caceres ; in Asia Minor they are found along the south coast as far
a^ Adana, and at one spot in the interior ; whether they still exist in
North Africa is doubtful.
1
FALLOW DEER
75
Length
on out-
side
curve.
32
Circum-
ference.
4*
Tip to
Tip.
18
Spread
inside.
28
Points.
12+ IO
Width
of Palm.
Si
Locality.
Woburn
Owner.
Duke of Bedford.
-3ii
31
281
?
Ernest Ritter von Wisely.
\3i
-3°i
5
5
ioJ
20j
30
13+II
7
5
?
?
Sir Victor Brooke's Collec-
tion.
J. C. Phillips.
2 30
43
231
261
IO + 9
4i
Drummond Castle
J. G. Millais.
30
3l
22^
12 + 12
Uppark, Sussex .
J. E. Harting.
3°
4
194
24
II + II
6
Douglas M'Douall.
-3°
29!
4l
4h
22
22j
37
outside
25^
l6+ IO
9 + 8
7
5
Drummond Castle
?
J. G. Millais.
Capt. H. T. Timson.
29i
5
284
13 + H
7
Petworth, Sussex
J. G. Millais.
29i
4l
24s
10+15
Drummond Castle
Earl of Ancaster.
29?
41
14+ 11
8
Woburn
Duke of Bedford.
29i
4s
193
16+ 15
New Forest
Hon. G. Lascelles.
-28|
63
29h
20
63
Bohemia
W. Winans.
-284
4
1 Si
23
9 + 8
53
Essex .
W. H. Wilson.
28J
4i
18
243
8 + 6
4
New Forest .
E. Festus Kelly.
3-28|
4
i4i
26
10+ 11
6
Woburn
Duke of Bedford.
-284
428|
28i
5-28
5
4
43
4±
30
(Span 34)
outside
23
26 26
22
19
18 + 15
23
6
6i
Otago,New Zealand
(Introduced)
Colebrooke .
?
Surrenden Park .
Rev. W. C. Oliver.
Sir Victor Brooke's Collec-
tion.
Sir Philip Brocklehurst,
Bart.
W. Winans.
274
4i
i53
20|
8 + 9
43
Windsor
Sir Charles Wakefield.
27i
4
23
10 + 8
England
J. Carr Saunders.
26I
33
12
17*
10 + 7
?
British Museum.
-264
4i
234
2C4
9 + 7
51
Perthshire
A. Basil Brooke.
26
33
H
232
7 + 7
5
?
G. L. Harrison.
-26
25I
5
05
20|
I3l
,-,3
234
232
10+ 10
13 + 12
42-
5
Tasmania. (Intro-
duced)
?
T. W. H. Clarke.
T. G. A. Moncrieffe.
625i
■7 3
173
24i
10+ 10
6
Surrenden Park .
W. Winans.
25
33
193
8 + 8
Epping Forest
E. N. Buxton.
25
-24
3i
3h
151
27
aii
10 + 10
23
4
Northamptonshire
Surrenden Park .
H.H. the Maharaja of
Bikanir.
W. Winans.
- Owner's measurements.
1 Recorded by J. G. Millais {British Deer and their Horns).
2 Weight of antlers, 8 lbs. 1 oz. on skull ; no lower jaw (Millais. British Deer).
■i Weight dressed, 165 lbs. 4 Seven years old : as he fell, 237A lbs. ; iq8 lbs. cleaned.
5 Weight, 218 lbs. 6 Weight, 222 lbs.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Mesopotamia!! Fallow Deer. From a specimen in the British Museum.
The MESOPOTAMIAN FALLOW DEER (Dama mesopotamica).
Larger and brighter coloured than the ordinary fallow deer, with
the spots near the middle of the back tending to form longitudinal
stripes, and the tail wholly white. Antlers of a totally different type,
being somewhat expanded at the origin of the trez-tine (which is
large, and situated some distance above the short brow-tine), but at
the summit only moderately flattened, and breaking up on the hind
border into several snags. Weight, about 24 stone, clean.
Distribution. — The mountains of Luristan in Mesopotamian
Persia and part of Asia Minor.
Length
■- Circum- Tip to Spread Points
side ferem e. I ip. inside.
curve.
36*
1 6 v
29
4J
21*
nh
2°i
5
14
24i
Width
of Palm.
Locality.
Owner.
12+15 5! Karabogha, Asia F. E. Whittall.
Minor
10+ 11 5£ Asia Minor . . Do.
9 7 ... Do.
6 +• 5 Luristan Mts.
■ 1M'-1|I .
Paris Museum
(Abbe; David).
Sir Edmund ' '•. Loder, Bart.
GIANT IRISH DEER
77
Skull and Antlers of extinct Giant Irish Deer (Irish Elk).
The GIANT IRISH DEER (Dama(?) gigantea).
(Commonly called " Irish Elk.")
An extinct deer, probably standing at least 6 feet at the shoulder,
with the antlers enormously expanded, and carrying several large tines
on the front border, of which the one above the trez is the longest ; the
brow-tine being often flattened and forked. In its typical form this
magnificent deer occurs in the Prehistoric deposits of Ireland, England,
and probably some of the western districts of the Continent. In the
skull the vomer is welded to the adjacent bones. The following
specimens are Irish : —
o , t^- Length round Length of
Spread Tip ;,fside of both antlers
to Tip
ft. in.
IO 2
ft. in.
5 H
9
9
9
9
9 3
9 2
8 ii
8 io
8 io
5 io
5 9
5 io
Circum-
ference
across skull. above burr.
ft. in.
9&
IO
12 5 II
12 IO I3i
i3 5 io
13 6
ii 9k . 9\
12 5 IO
Width of
Palm.
I9i
20
17
21*
2I5
24
17
17
iS
Points.
Owner.
19 British Museum.
12+ 11 Hon. Walter Rothschild.
13 + 10 J. G. Millais.
1 1 + 1 1 Viscount Powerscourt.
15+13 Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
12 + 10 Duke of Westminster.
Mrs. Graham Lloyd.
9 + 9 Viscount Powerscourt.
12 + 1 1 Duke of Westminster.
10 + 9 G. C. Whitaker.
;8 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
c , •,.• Length round Length of Circum- \r;j,u„r
Spread .lip inside of both antler, ference p ,1m Points' 0wner-
P" antler. across skull, above burr,
ft. in. ft. in. ft. in.
II 9 - io 9^ 18^ ... Public Library, Dublin.
ii 6 ... ... ... 20 ... Marquis of Londonderry.
ii e 63 9| 17 11 + 11 Dublin Museum.
II 3 7 5^ 12^ 19J 17 Mrs. Donaldson-Hudson.
II ii 6 9i 9| i6i 23 Sir Peter Walker, Bart.
10 44 69 13 10 12 20 ... Earl of Bessborough.
93 ... ... iof 12 7 + 7 Duke of St. Albans.
92 1 1 10 10^ 22J 9 + 9 Dublin Museum.
The MILU or PER.E DAVID'S DEER (Elaphurus davidianus).
This deer differs from all the preceding groups by the peculiar
form of the antlers, which rise in the plane of the forehead, and fork
at a comparatively short distance above the burr, the front prong of
the fork again dividing, while the hind prong is long and straight.
The bushy tail is longer than in any other deer, and the neck of the
male is maned. There is a gland on the outer side of the upper half
of the hind cannon-bone, but none on the hock. The colour is
uniformly tawny in the adult, but spotted in the young. Height at
shoulder, about 3 feet 9 inches. In captivity the antlers are frequently
shed twice a year. In the structure of the bones of the feet the
milu resembles the red deer group, to which and the barasingha it is
considered by Mr. R. I. Pocock to be allied. Mr. Pocock considers that
the front prong of the main fork represents the brow-tine of the red
deer groups.
Distribution. — Probably northern China or perhaps Kashgaria ; re-
corded in a fossil state from Japan. Unknown in the wild state,
and apparently now represented only by the herd at Woburn
Abbey, Bedfordshire.
J.ength
1
1 i|. to
•Ii,,.
Widesl
inside.
Locality.
< twner.
34 &
23^
' 5 7
Woburn .
Smithsonian Institution.
Si
25i
21 17
y
Mess of 19th Punjabi Infantry,
32?
18^
s 1 8
Pekin
. Sir Edmund ('•■ Lodei . Bart.
'32
7h
Wob
. Duke of Bedford.
i| tdi , head measures 32J i
MILU DEER
79
Head of Milu Deer.
Length
on out-
side
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
curve.
-31
6
31
6i
274
31
4l
23
-3°S
5
35tV
3°
51
24!
29h
54
-294
6|
29
28i
51
20^
28|
6*
27
5£
20|
26i
Si
16
x*5
5
22
4l
Widest
inside.
Points.
3 + 3
3 + 3
7 + 6
Locality. Owner.
American National Collection.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
British Museum (Duke of
Bedford).
35T\ 11 + 10 Imperial Park, Pekin Paris Museum (Type
specimen).
G. L. Harrison.
Duke of Bedford.
Major W. Anstruther Gray.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Duke of Bedford.
British Museum.
Royal Scottish Museum.
Duke of Bedford.
Do.
1 Back tine measured 28 inches from beam of antler.
3 + 2
?
5 + 5
?
3 + 2
?
3 + 3
?
8 + 8
Woburn .
6 + 5
Do. .
8 + 7
Do. .
6 + 4
Do.
4 + 3
Do. .
- O
wner's measurements.
So
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Antlers of Indian Muntjac.
The MUNTJAC or BARKING DEER (Cervulus muntjac).
This species is the typical representative of a genus of small Indo-
Malay deer differing widely from all the foregoing groups. The
antlers, which do not usually exceed half the length of the head, have
a short brow-tine and an unbranched beam, and are supported on long
skin-covered pedicles, continued downwards as convergent ridges on
the forehead, whence the name of rib -faced deer. Tufts of bristly
hair occupy the position of the antlers in the females. The muzzle
has a large naked portion, and although there is generally a pair of
glands on the face, there are none either on the hock or the cannon-
bone. The young may be spotted, but the adults are uniformly coloured.
The range of the typical muntjac, which is one of the reddish-
coloured species, extends from Ceylon and India through Burma to
China, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Java. Reeves' muntjac
(C. reevesi), from China and Formosa, a smaller species, is also
reddish, as is Sclater's muntjac (C. sclateri) of Central China, and the
Sze-chuan C. lachrymans ; C. bridgemani, of Central China, is darker ; in
the Tenasserim muntjac {C. fecE) and the larger hairy-fronted muntjac
( C. crinifrons) of Eastern China the general hue is dark purplish sepia-
brown, with white on the buttocks and under surface of the tail. The
average- height of the male of the typical species at the shoulder is
from 20 to 22 inches, and the weight about 38 lbs.; a female stands
about 20 inches and weighs about 32 lbs.
Several local races of the ordinary muntjac doubtless exist. The
typical form (C. muntjac typicus) is the Javan animal ; the Burmese
race has been di tinguished as C. muntjac grandicornis, while the Indian
form is known as C. m. vaginalis, and the Siamese as C. m. curvostylis.
MUNTJAC
The antlers of the
name Muntiacus is
Burmese race are large and massive,
often used in place of Cervulus.
The earlier
Length on
outside
curve of
antler from
burr to tip.
Circumference
above burr.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
-IO§
Java
'-9h
44
5
Singapore .
H
3
2|
Java
-88
3S
«
Do.
x7f
4i
31
Lombok .
7§
3
3
Siwalik Hills
7§
2i
1 4
U. Burma
27i
3i
3^
Lombok .
7
3s
44
Burma
-6f
2f
2i
Perak
6|
2*
3
Ranikhet .
6|
2*
3i
Java .
6*
2I
3*
Nepal
6*
31
2|
Buxa Duar
-6i
2|
3i
Namba Forest,
-6i
2|
3i
Ranikhet .
-6|
Garo Hills
Owner.
H. Van Son.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
M. Maxwell.
Dr. Albert von Stephani.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Major W. E. Stobart.
L. H. Baker.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Maj.-Gen. H. D'U. Keary.
Perak Museum.
Surgeon Lieut. -Col. B. W. C.
Deeble.
J. C. Van Son.
British Museum (B. H.
Hodgson).
Capt. A. O. Creagh.
Assam Lieut. -Col. H. S. Wood.
Col. E. T. Taylor.
D. H. Allen.
CENTRAL CHINESE MUNTJAC (Cervulus lachrymans sclateri).
About equal in size to the last, with the upper part of the head and
fore-neck bright yellow and the body browner than in muntjac. The
lower portion of the front of the fore-legs is blackish brown. In the
typical C. lachrymans, of Sze-chuan, the head is orange brown, and the
limbs are brownish fawn. Weight of male 38 and female ^6 lbs.
Distribution. — Central Chin
a.
Length on out-
side curve of
longest antler.
Circumference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
51
5
1\
2
3l
3
China
Anghwei, China
Comdr. the Hon. R
Bridgeman, R.N.
British Museum.
0.
B.
3S
2
I|
1-1
,3
3
3i
Tungkuan Shan,
China
Ningpo
Do.
C.
Comdr. the Hon. R.
Bridgeman, R.N.
British Museum
Swinhoe).
Dublin Museum.
O.
(R.
B.
- Owner's measurements.
1 Determination provisional.
2
Weight 37 lbs.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Antlers of Muntjacs in the collection of Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
The HAIRY -FRONTED MUNTJAC (Cervulus crinifrons).
Length on out-
\f- side curve of Circumference. Tip to Tip.
longest antler.
Locality.
I',
44
Ningpo
Owner.
British Museum.
REEVE'S MUNTJAC (Cervulus reevesi).
Length on out-
:urve of <
Circumference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
it antler.
4i
2i
Shed
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder,
Bart.
3^
2|
3i
?
Comdr. the Hon. R. 0. B.
Bridgeman, R.N.
21
2i
3i
Feng
Luang
Shan
Do.
BRIDGEMAN'S MUNTJAC (Cervulus sinensis = bridgemani).
Length on out-
side curve of Circumference. Tip to Tip.
ntler.
Locality.
5
2
3
Feng Luang Shan
'34
3
3
China
»l|
n
[|
Nyankingon the Y
>i
on
1
China
Determination provisional.
Owner.
Comdr. the Hon. R. O. B.
Bridgeman, R.N.
Capt. II. L. Archer-
[ioublon.
Comdr. C. L. Lambe, R.N.
REINDEER OR CARIBOU
83
Antlers of Woodland Caribou. From a specimen in the British Museum.
The REINDEER or CARIBOU (Rangifer tarandus).
Distinguished from all other deer by the presence of antlers in both
sexes ; those of males being complex, with the brow-tines palmated
and often unsymmetrical, and the bez, or second tine, also generally
expanded. The muzzle is hairy, the ears and tail are short, and the
throat has a fringe of long hair. The coat is very thick, and typi-
cally dark cinnamon-brown in colour above, with the limbs, a flank-
band, and some of the under-parts darker, the neck lighter, and more
or less white in the region of the tail, on the under-parts, and fetlocks.
In R. t. montanus the whole neck and lower surface are chocolate-
brown, but in most American races there is some white in these regions,
and R. t. pearyi, of Ellesmereland, is almost wholly white. The false
or lateral hoofs are unusually large and spreading ; and there is a patch
of long white hair covering a gland on the hock, but none on the hind
cannon-bone. Glands between main hoofs. Height at shoulder reach-
ing to 4 feet 10 inches (Newfoundland). Hinds weigh between 224
and 280 lbs.
Reindeer inhabit the circumpolar regions of both hemispheres, in
Europe including Scandinavia, Lapland, and Northern Russia ; their
southern limit varies from 5 2° to 54° N. latitude, while they extend
to between 8o° and 8i° northwards.
S4 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Numerous local forms of reindeer are recognised. The more important
are : (i) the Scandinavian reindeer (R. tarandus typicus) of Sweden and
Norway, which is rather small with moderately expanded antlers ; (2)
the larger Finnish reindeer {R. t. fennicus), distinguished by the more
vaulted nasal bones ; (3) the woodland caribou (R. t. caribou) of the forest
districts of Arctic America, characterised by its large size and the short,
Antlers of Woodland Caribou from Nova Scotia.
From a specimen in the British Museum.
much-palmated antlers, in which the brow-tines form huge " shovels,"
one generally much larger than the other ; and (4) the Barren-Ground
reindeer (R. t. arcticus), from the open country north of the forests in
America, nearly related to the Scandinavian reindeer, and characterised
by its small bodily size, and the great length and simple form of the
antlers, in which, except on the brow-tine, there is scarcely any palma-
tion. The reindeer of Siberia and Novaia Zemlia, which approximate to
the American types, have been named R. t. sibiricus and R. t. pearsoni.
Names have been given to numerous American local forms, some of
REINDEER OR CARIBOU 85
which tend to connect the Barren-Ground with the woodland type. The
Greenland caribou {R. t. grcenlandicus) is of the Barren -Ground type,
but all the rest are nearer the woodland form. Among these, the
Newfoundland R. t. terrce-novce has antlers of a very complex type ;
R. t. montanus and R. t. osborni are mountain-races, probably pass-
ing towards R. t. stonei and R. t. granti of Southern Alaska, which
have somewhat longer antlers, and thus approach the Barren-Ground
type, although they are large animals. Reindeer have brow-tined
antlers, but otherwise appear to be related to the American deer.
.4.— AMERICAN SPECIMENS.
Length
on out-
side
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
62
5i
40
50|
21 + 17
Hudson's Bay
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
59
H
29i
4°2
11 + 9
Yukon .
Hon. M. Egerton.
58
6
27i
41
11 + 12
Cassiar .
R. Hayne.
58
5i
4°i
45
20+14
Labrador
H. Hesketh-Prichard.
J57§
Si
13!
13 + 7
Arctic America
British Museum.
57i
51
29i
36|
18+10
Yukon .
F. C. Selous.
57
5*
i6|
26£
20 + 9
N. of Davis Strait
Capt. C. R. E. Radclyffe.
551
6|
25
35
23 + 15
Cassiar .
Col. L. Parry.
2 551
55i
8
6
28
44
(outside)
43
26+18
13 + 10
Alaska .
Stikin River .
American National Collection
(Reed Collection).
P. Niedieck.
55
6
43
48
12 + 14
Cassiar .
F. C. Selous.
55
6
21
35
12 + 10
Do.
W. A. Conduitt.
55
6*
19
40
19 + 21
Do.
F. H. Bailey.
54i
51
37J
44i
16 + 13
Yukon .
Sir A. Armstrong, Bart.
54
6
28
3if
18 + 14
Do.
S. R. Vereker.
54
51
3i
38i
13 + 16
Cassiar .
Lord Osborne Beauclerk.
54
H
29
37
22 + 11
Alaska .
Hon. J. C. Lister.
54
4S
48
52
21 + 14
Canada .
D. F. Mackenzie.
53i
54
37
45*
24+ 14
Labrador
K. V. Painter.
53
4i
48S
54
12 + 11
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
52£
5i
15
26i
17 + 12
N. Canada
J. Talbot Clifton.
1 K
t. arcticus.
2 R. t.
osboiyii.
86
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Mr. Hesketh-Prichard's 49-Pointer.
Length
on out-
side
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
52
51
28^
31
15+13
E. Yukon
J. Todd.
52
5
32}
37
12+ II
Cassiar .
Lord Hindlip.
52
S\
6
29
15 + 20
N. Canada
E. E. P. Cuncliffe.
5ii
6k
33
33
12+ 12
Cassiar .
F. C. Stern.
44
4°i
48g
17+14
Hudson's Bay
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Part.
5'
5i
27
29i
IS + IS
Yukon .
A. I). Pass.
5i
6i
25i
3»i
20+17
Cassiar .
P. N. Graham.
5'
6
36
40.I
l6+ II
Do.
II. C. Wilson.
5'
6 A
333
40 i
IO + 8
Do.
J. S. Shepherd.
5'
6
32
36i
15+ 12
Do.
M. W. Ward.
5i
51
29!
3H
15+12
Do.
Capt. tin- 1 Ion. C. II. Douglas
Pennant.
50}
4i
3'i
38 i
IO + 9
Do.
' ol. II. Appleton.
REINDEER OR CARIBOU
on out-
side
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
50
H
24
35
16+13
Cassiar .
Viscount Lascelles.
5°
Si
27
38
12 + 11
Barren Grounds
A. Barclay Walker.
49i
5!
254
361
13+12
Cassiar .
R. Beaumont.
49i
Si
3S
42i
15+15
Do. . .
C. II. Young.
49i
5
30
32
19+15
Labrador
H. Hesketh-Prichard.
49i
6|
26 .
43
l8+I2
Newfoundland
St. George Littledale.
49
64
25
34l
22+l8
?
Sir W. Bass, Bart.
49
6
26
274
26+15
Yukon .
H. B. Alexander.
49
5i
26J
3i4
19+19
Do. .
L. Cadbury.
4S4
64
29
36|
20+I8
Do. .
J. Todd.
4§i
4l
i9i
264
24+ 12
Do. .
R. H. Milvain.
474
64
40I
381
15 + 14
Itcha Mts., B.C.
W. Neilson.
47i
51
24I
34
22+ l8
?
C. II. Wilkinson.
4&4
5i
32l
351
l8+I2
Cassiar .
Major J. F. Church.
46i
64
164
28
32
British Columbia
J. Turner-Turner.
46i
54
384
394
I3 + IO
Newfoundland
T. P. Miller.
464
54
M
41
20+ l6
Do.
Major G. H. A. Ing.
464
4i
26
32
n + 8
Do.
J. T. Lewis.
46
44
244
3i4
15 + 15
Do.
Capt. H. L. Cottingham.
46
5i
26|
35
15 + 12
Do.
H. Charrington.
46
54
28|
3i4
10+ 10
Do.
R. II. Venables Kyrke.
454
54
3ii
334
13 + 12
Do.
F. C. Williamson.
45
51
184
374
17 + 18
Cassiar .
J. M. Hanbury.
44l
5*
294
29 + 26
Do. .
J. G. Millais.
444
54
i8|
3i
n+8
?
Major J. E. Piatt.
444
51
2o£
264
10+ 12
Newfoundland
W. R. Greene.
44l
54
34
37
Do.
C. H. Akroyd.
44
5i
3i4
37
16 + 13
?
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
44
51
24J
324
17 + 21
Newfoundland
J. G. Millais.
44
54
i8J
30
18 + 13
Do.
Admiral Sir William Kennedy
44
51
19
264
17+14
Do.
Capt. A. G. Allgood, R.N.
434
5
29J
3i
18 + 10
Cassiar .
Sir Cavendish Boyle.
88
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on out-
side
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
43*
Si
20*
30
22 4-19
Newfoundland
A. Alexander.
43
Si
17*
22^
154-12
Do.
Major C. Hilder.
43
Si
2l£
29i
104-8
Cassiar .
Major R. H. Morgan.
A2h
n
33+
3Si
224-18
Do. .
R. Gordon Smith.
42i
Si
263
30|
234-13
Yukon .
A. Benitz.
42*
n
2Si
35*
24 4-15
Newfoundland
Lieut. H. C. Rawson, R.N.
42
64
24
3if
174-14
Do.
T. A. Armstrong.
42
4*
14
20$
7 + 7
Quebec .
Capt. the Hon. G. H .Douglas
Pennant.
42
5h
36i
393
204- 12
Newfoundland
Q. C. Colmore.
42
51
3S
41-
104- 10
Do.
E. C. Russell.
42
6*
20^
30A
13 + 12
Do.
G. C. Whitaker.
4ii
5i
15!
25I
18 + 15
Do.
Prince Nicolas Ghika.
4li
5i
27
30i
16 + 18
Do.
Capt. F. Blacker.
4i
5i
25i
28^
144-13
Do.
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
41
6
35
33
20
British Columbia
Lieut. -Col. C. C. Ellis.
41
5
28^
32
14+17
Newfoundland
S. H. Whitbread. .
4<jf
6|
32*
37
20+17
Do.
His Majesty the King.
40|
5%
2lf
29
13 + 9
Do.
Major S. Upperton.
4°i
5
32
36£
14 + 9
Do.
Sir Philip Brocklehurst, Bart
40
51
I9|
26
12+ 11
Do.
P. B. Vander Byl.
40
6
31*
35i
19 + 14
Do.
Admiral Sir William Kennedy
40
Si
26
34i
12 + 11
Do.
Dublin Museum.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
678
7
'62
Si
71
6
584
si
2S8
44i
38
Hudson's Bay
J. G. Millais.
5°
94-15
Alaska .
American National Collection
(outside)
(Reed Collection).
43i
20+ 14
Do. .
Do.
(outside)
5oi
43
Kenai Peninsula
W. II. Case.
34
North Labrador
United States National
(outside)
Museum, Washington.
39*
24+ 16
Kenai Peninsula
American National ( ollection.
1
••1
North Labrador
United States National
Museum, Washington.
I R. t
grant i.
2 R. t. t
rcticus.
REINDEER OR CARIBOU
Length
on out-
side
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
574
51
47
2I + l8
Alaska .
J. C. Phillips.
57
Cassiar .
J. G. Millais.
564
Do. .
C. Little.
55
71
23 + 22
Yukon .
Wilson Potter.
544
54
30
444
31
Alaska .
F. T. Colby.
53i
614
444
55
22 + 23
Yukon .
C. T. Summerson.
52
52.
54
7
394
(outside)
42
II + IO
17+14
Cassiar .
Do. .
American National Collection.
L. H. Green.
x<Pk
45
Do. .
American National Collection.
50*
64
37i
I3 + I8
Do. .
Wilson Potter.
494
36
Do. .
Count Chas. Hoyos.
2 49
3 49
39
(outside)
34
22
36
W. Coast Greenland
?
American Museum of Natural
History.
Do.
484
6|
264
34
27
Newfoundland
F. Gillett.
48
43
19
Cassiar .
Lieut. R. C. Dalglish, R.N.
48
Do. .
Col. Max. C. Fleischmann.
46
64
39
43
13+19
Newfoundland
G. L. Harrison.
J44
4 424
5 41
J,52
(outside)
294
(outside)
36
36
25
36
Cassiar .
N.W. Coast of Hud-
son's Bay
Newfoundland
Madison Grant.
American Museum of Natural
History.
Madison Grant.
B.— SIBERIAN RACE (R. tarandus sibiricus).
Length
on out-
side
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
494
44
284
37
16+ II
Upper Yenisei Valley .
J. G. Millais.
48
5
26
32i
l64- 12
Do.
J. C. Phillips.
474
46!
5
4l
20|
2C>£
28J
304
16+I4
12 + 9
Do.
Do.
British Museum (Natural
History).
Dublin Museum.
43
54
29
30!
I4+II
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
39
Si
264
27
6+ 11
Bought at Tashkend .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
1
R. t. osborni.
2
R. t. groenlandicus.
3 R. t. stonei.
i R. t.
arcticus.
5 R. t. terrce
noz'K.
9o
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
C— SCANDINAVIAN RACE.
Length
on out-
side
Circu in-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
»6o
53
38|
41*
22+15
?
Sir V. Brooke's Collection.
5Si
41
24i
354
7 + 7
Norway .
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
57}
51
25
39i
16+19
Do. .
Do.
55}
5}
32
37*
17 + 15
Do. .
r. B. Vander Byl.
551
6i
3S
43*
18 + 8
Sundal Fjelds, Nor-
Capt. Gerard Ferrand.
54*
4l
33}
4°|
15 + 13
way
Norway .
J. H. Thomas.
54*
4l
324
4i*
18 + 13
Do. .
H. Hunt.
54
4l
iS
32
10 + 5
Do. .
G. C. M. Dewhurst.
54
4*
28|
35
10 + 7
Do. .
R. Persse.
54
5
22
4i|
16+ 11
Do. .
Kenneth M'Douall.
531
4*
26
35*
12 + 8
Do. .
J. M. Hanbury.
53
5
Do. . . ' .
J. G. Millais.
53
4!
39*
53}
15 + 10
Do. .
A. Alexander.
53
5
"}
35}
16+12
Do. .
H. Hunt.
53
4*
3o|
42*
12 + 8
Do. .
R. L. Scott.
52*
4f
20}
5o}
19+13
Do. .
C. M. Black.
52*
4i
22J
41
10 + 9
Do. .
A. D. Pass.
5ii
4l
30
39}
16 + 16
Spitzbergen
G. A. Shenley.
5i
4*
3i
39*
14 + 8
Norway .
H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans.
5i
4i
3ii
40*
12 + 6
Do. .
F. C. Selous.
5i
4*
lOh
36J
12 + 9
Do. .
A. Churchill.
5o|
43
24
29
16+13
Do. .
H.R.H. the Duke of Saxe
5°
4?
27A
(outside)
40*
11 + 10
Do. .
Coburg and Gotha.
Sir II. Seton-Karr.
5o
4}
3 5Y
4O.I
12 + 9
Do. .
J. C. Maxwell.
OWNER'S
MEASUREMENTS
59i
4*1
11 + 14
Norway .
R. L. Scott.
59i
7
38
44
15+ 16
Do. .
J. Whitaker.
59
58
4*
6
42£
3° i
46
(outside)
37
7 15
33
Do. .
Do. .
H. J. Klwcs.
S. Ratcliff.
52i.
5
27
3°J
26
1
Do. .
Perished antlers.
Abel ( 'li.-ipman.
REINDEER OR CARIBOU
9i
Extract from a letter of Mr. J. G. Millais, 14th August 1907 : —
" For the purpose of comparison with other local races of reindeer
I give the measurements of the twelve best specimens of Newfoundland
caribou which I have obtained in the island. In all scientific accounts
dealing with the measurements of reindeer antlers no notice is taken of
the size of the large brow-shovel, a matter of great importance in
determining the respective merits of individual heads. Mere length of
antler is not everything in judging the qualifications of deer heads, whilst
in this species in particular we must consider beam, span, number of
points, symmetry, and size of the large brow-tine, a feature which adds
so much to the general character.
Length
on
outer
curve.
Circum-
ference
above
bez-tine.
Breadth of
brow-tine
on anterior
margin from
base to top
front point.
Widest
inside.
46
5i
14
31
46
6
14
3°
43
7
i6£
35
42
6
161
34
42
Sh
15
3i
40
5
IS*
32
40
5i
IS*
39
38
5i
15
28
38
5*
18
31
37*
6|
i.7i
33
36
' 7
i6|
29
36
H
13*
38
Points.
Locality.
45 Tamnapegawi Lake, 1906.
35 Upper Gander, 1905.
36 Shoehill Ridge, 1906.
44 Upper Gander, 1903.
31 Resequit Hills, 1906.
38 Upper Gander, 1905. Picked up.
25 Do. 1905.
35 Do- !9°3-
35 Millais's Lake, 1902.
32 Migwell's Brook, 1905.
49 Upper Gander, 1903.
32 Resequit Hills, 1906.
" The points of reindeer are difficult to count. No point should be
included that does not fulfil the old watchguard or powder-horn test,
unless it may be a clean blunt snag at least half an inch from the main
horn.
" The Germans count everything as a point upon which a torn piece
of paper will rest, but we regard all small excrescences that do not fulfil
the old British conditions as of no account. For instance, Captain
Cartwright's famous '72 point Labrador head,' which I have recently
traced, and on which he counted every prominence, has in reality
53 points."
92
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
The ROEBUCK (Capreolus caprea).
(Also known as Capreolus capreolus?)
Roebuck may be recognised by the rudimentary tail, and the medium-
sized antlers rising close together and almost vertically from the head,
without a true brow-tine, and regularly forking at a point about two-
thirds the total length, with the posterior prong again subdividing, so
that the number of points is usually three. There is no gland or tuft
on the hock, but one on the upper part of the outer side of the hind
cannon-bone. In the European roe the height at the shoulder is
about 26 inches. In winter the coat is dark speckly brown with a
large white rump-patch, but in summer foxy red, with little or no
white behind. As in the Japanese sika, the white hairs of the winter
rump-patch expand under the influence of excitement to form a large
disc. The range embraces the greater part of Europe as far as the
southern Caucasus, Palestine, and perhaps Persia.
In the typical Scandinavian roebuck there is a yellowish tinge in
the winter coat, which is wanting in the greyer Spanish C. c. canus ;
the Transylvanian C. c transylvanicus differs from both by the distinct
whitish throat and neck patches, while the British C. c. thotti is dis-
tinguished from all three by the face being darker than the body.
,ength on
outside
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
13
4
I4l
Germany .
Ml
6i
Forfarshire
m*
4l
9
Servia
II§
6
Monymusk, N.B.
lIIl
Orton, Speyside
HrV
6
6
Perth
11
7l
Ross-shire
11
3i
6i
Dorset
11
5A
71
Ross-shire
1 11
28
8S
Germany .
11
7h
61
Sligo, Ireland .
11
31
61
Ballindalloch .
log
2.f
41
S.-W. Russia .
iog
2§
iol
Austria
iol
61
6
Ballindalloch .
\o\
34
51
Inverness .
1 Recorded by J. G. Millais (British Deer and their Horns).
Owner.
Viscount Powerscourt.
J. G. Millais.
Viscount Powerscourt.
Sir Arthur Grant, Bart.
Sir J. Macpherson Grant, Bart.
J. G. Millais.
H. M. Warrand.
F. Gordon Scott.
H. M. Warrand.
Viscount Powerscourt.
Sir Josslyn Gore Booth, Bart.
G. B. Macpherson Grant.
Count Bobrinskoy.
J. R. Luchsinger.
Sir J. Macpherson Grant, Bart.
C. Macpherson Grant.
2 Abnormal (Perauque).
ROEBUCK
93
Length on
outside
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
\o\
4
6i
Austria
. H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans.
I of
3ts
5
Inverness-shire *
. J. Hamilton Leigh.
\o\
3i
64
Do.
E. G. Fraser-Tytler.
\o\
3i
2
Perthshire
. J. G. Millais.
\o\
3
!»4
^4
Austria
R. Persse.
10
-3
2?
4s
Russia
. H.R.H. Prince Arthur of Con
naught.
10
4i
Ross-shire
. J. J. de Knoop.
IO
4
4l
Glenmoriston .
. J. Hamilton Leigh.
9^
5
5
Dorset
. J. E. Harting.
9l
31
Si
Spain
A. de Zuleta.
9l
3*
4
Hampshire
. J. Hamilton Leigh.
93
H
Sligo
Sir Josslyn Gore Booth, Bart.
9l
4l
Aberdeenshire .
. E. S. Hervey.
9l
3
6i
Scotland .
. A. M. Yule.
9f
71
New Forest
Hon. Gerald Lascelles.
9i
3
3i
Scotland .
Col. Ralph Vivian.
9i
3i
2§
Spain
R. de la Huerta.
9*
3
ii
Scotland .
G. L. Harrison.
.94
2|
3i
Caucasus .
. P. H. Thomas.
91
2*
6i
Scotland .
. K. M. Chance.
9
,3
24"
2|
Do.
G. L. Denman.
13
6|
H
Germany .
I2|
->3
44
Austria
12J
Perthshire
12. II
6.12
5-4
Hungary .
"ft
4l
Scotland .
II
4l
Austria
ioj
34
34
Bohemia
ioj
Beaufort, Ross
10
2i
44
Ross-shire
IO
2|
51
Findrac .
IO
4
3f
Spain
91
2|
40
Bohemia .
9l
3i
5
Spain
i
Found dead.
2 Recorded by
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
H.R.H. the Duke of Saxe-Coburg
and Gotha.
. Lieut. -Col. J. Marriott.
R. Moncrieff.
Count Wenkheim.
. Duke of Bedford.
Duke of Ratibor.
H.S.H. Prince Alexander of Thurn
and Taxis,
shire. . J. G. Millais.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
. E. C. P. Hull.
. Jose de Irruele.
H. S.H. Prince Alexander of Thurn
and Taxis.
. Abel Chapman.
2 Recorded by J. G. Millais (British Deer and their Horns).
94
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
MANCHURIAN ROEBUCK (Capreolus bedfordi).
Rather larger than the European species, with the antlers small and
slender, the winter coat less brown, and the cheek-teeth taller.
Distribution.
Length on
outside
curve.
13!
12
"I
10 j
\o\
9i
Circum-
ference.
4i
ik
31
31
-Manchuria and Shen-si ; the Kan-su roe has been
separated as C. melanotis.
Tip to
Tip.
n
7
Si
5
7i
Locality.
Mongolia
W. Kan-su
Shen-si
W. Kan-su
Do.
S. of Minusinsk
Owner.
G. N. Atkinson.
H. F. Wallace.
K. K. Horn.
G. Fenwick Owen.
II. F. Wallace.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Head of Tien Shan Roebuck.
The ASIATIC ROEBUCK (Capreolus pygargus).
Paler and larger than the typical species, the height at shoulder
being 30 to 34 inches ; the ears shorter and more hairy, the white rump-
patch larger, and the antlers longer and more rugose with numerous
knotted snags or " pearls."
ASIATIC ROEBUCK
95
Distribution. — From the northern Caucasus, the Altai, and mountains
of Turkestan to Eastern Siberia. The typical representative is
the Altai roebuck. The Tien Shan race {C. p. tianshanicus) has
antlers somewhat different in form and more branched. In one
type of this race the antlers diverge widely, with 4 or 5 tines each,
but in a second the divergence and the number of tines are less.
Length on
outside
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
*i7f
4
124
Tien Shan
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
17
4l
I2|
Do.
. Col. C. B. Wood.
1 6i
34
8|
Upper Yenisei Valley
. J. Hamilton Leigh.
*i6
44
16
Tien Shan
. R. F. Glyn.
16
41
12
?
Viscount Powerscourt.
iSl
3S
i6i
Siberia
Count Bobrinskoy.
*i5l
44
134
Tien Shan
. J. V. Phelps.
*i5f
31
12
Do.
. Capt. C. M. Threlfall.
*i5f
5
95
Do.
. J. H. Miller.
*i5i
44
1 84
Do.
. E. W. Dixon.
'*i5h
3*
14
Do.
. Capt. J. N. Price Wood.
*i5l
34
15
Do.
. P. F. Hadow.
*i5l
44
i6§
Do.
Capt. the Hon. G. H. Douglas
Pennant.
**5h
5
iif
Do.
. P. B. Vander Byl.
i5i
54
8
Siberia
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
isi
34
11
Do. ...
Major W. Anstruther Gray.
*i5i
44
11
Tien Shan
Lord Osborne Beauclerk.
*iSi
4
12
Do.
. T. P. Miller.
15
3*
11
Do.
. C. H. Bury.
*iS
4
104
Do. .
Prince Colloredo Mannsfeld.
15
3a
15
Altai
Royal Scottish Museum.
144
•23
3a
154
Do. ...
. J. Hamilton Leigh.
i4i
4
15
Do.
. Duke of Bedford.
14*
34
I2g
Tien Shan
. B. Chew.
Hi
4
IO
Do.
. Col. A. H. Hussey.
Hh
34
i5i
Do.
. Major A. D. Greenhill Gardyne.
*Hh
3i
i34
Do.
. W. R. Read.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
hi8A
154
ISA
4^ 6| Tien Shan
4§ 12J Siberia .
1 Circumference of burr. -
Carl Hagenbeck.
J. C. Phillips.
T. D. M. Cardeza.
* Tien Shan race.
96
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
'ik..
Skull and Antlers of Alaskan Elk.
From a specimen in the possession of the Duke of Westminster.
The ELK or MOOSE (Alces machlis).
Elk are the largest members of the deer tribe, and distinguished
by their ungainly form, long limbs, broad, produced, and flabby muzzle
(all of which, except a small triangular patch below the nostrils, is
covered with hair), the presence of a pendulous hairy organ (the so-
called " bell ") on the throat of the males, and the form and position
of the antlers in that sex. The latter are set on the skull with their
bases at right angles to the middle line of the face, and have neither
brow nor bez tines. Usually the antlers expand after a short distance
into a broad palmation or " shovel," carrying a number of snags on the
outer border. In young elk each antler is divided in a fork-like
manner into a small front and a larger hind portion. The main hoofs
are long and pointed, and the lateral pair large ; there is a gland and
tuft of hair both on the hock and hind cannon-bone, the latter being
situated high up. The tail is very short. From birth to old age
elk are uniformly coloured ; the general tint of the hair, which is long,
coarse, and somewhat brittle, varying from yellowish grey to deep
blackish brown above, with the legs lighter, and being usually darker in
the American than in the European race. The height varies from 5 feet
ELK OR MOOSE
97
9 inches at the shoulder in Scandinavian examples to as much as 6 feet
9 inches in the Alaskan race ; the weight from 900 to 1600 lbs., that of
the antlers being from about 60 lbs. to 100 lbs. The antlers of American
elk are more expanded and carry more points than European specimens.
Elk inhabit the forests and marshy districts of Scandinavia,
Eastern and Northern Russia, and the Altai ; and in America (where
they are invariably known as moose) at the present time are found
in Alaska, Montana, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. In some
localities Scandinavian elk not unfrequently show little or no palma-
tion of the antlers, and thus approximate to the East Siberian form.
Elk appear to be nearly related to roebuck.
Greatest
width.
741
72
70
68
671
66
66
651
65i
64
64
63*
63^
63
63i
62|
62jj
62
591
59i
59
Length to
longest
tine.
44
47i
46
47*
43
44
42
42
44i
47
451
45
37
49i
46
46£
3H
48
45
.4.— AMERICAN and ALASKAN
machlis americanus and A. m.
Tip to Breadth r, • . T v.
Tip. of palm. Polnts- Locahty.
(A.
Circum-
ference
above
burr.
12
ELK
gigas).
Owner.
45
13! 15 + 13 Alaska
9i
9
9
11
7\
8|
io£
9
7\
71
8|
74
9l
7
7z
yi\ i6£ 20+17 Do.
42! 15 14+14 Do.
44^ 13 14+H Do.
48 15 15+12 Do.
50 12 12+ 11 Do.
42 19^ 19+17 E.Yukon
52 ... 20+21 Alaska
13+10 New Brunswick
39! 14 14 + 20 Alaska
40 13 16+16 Do.
43 22 19+15 Do.
41 15 15 + 13 Do.
\6\ 16+15 Peace River
39i x5l 12+12 Yukon
47 14J 16 + 8 Alaska .
46 14 14+13 Quebec .
35 21 18+16 Alaska
40 13 9+10 Cassiar
39J 17 14+ 11 Alaska
37 \2\ 13 + 12 Do.
Capt. C. R. E. Radclyffe.
Duke of Westminster.
R. F. Glyn.
Prince Nicolas Ghika.
P. B. Vander Byl.
Capt. C. R. E. Radclyffe.
F. C. Selous.
Capt. C. R. E. Radclyffe.
F. II. Cook.
Prince Nicolas Ghika.
W. H. Welsh.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
David Davies.
J. G. Millais.
F. C. Selous.
Capt. the Hon. F. E. Guest.
Col. J. Caswell.
Lord Elphinstone.
P. N. Graham.
W. F. Wailes-Fairbairn.
Sir H. Lennard, Bart.
H
98
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
ene-th toCircum-
Greatest , ° ference Tip to Breadth
width, above Tip. of palm.
idth.
58|
sH
57l
57i
57i
571
57i
57
57
561
56|
56i
56
56
55i
55
55
54l
54i
54i
z78i
277i
75
75 •
74*
74
73i
71*
111
7ik
7i
369i
tine.
36|
45
431
38
36
41
35
40h
45
41
39i
43
38|
41
42I
42|
39!
431
36i
40I
42
41 : 1
49
burr.
6^
71
6^
8
6|
8i
61
8
Si
8
73
7i
71
8
8i
81
7
8
6|
71
7i
10I
91
91
361
42
35
21I
381
35
37
35
38
43l
37
371
30I
33
39
361
361
40
4ii
35
36
Points. Locality. Owner.
9 9 + 9 Cassiar . . Lord Osborne Beauclerk
15! 14+14 New Brunswick E. C. Russell.
Hi
14
12
II
1 I .',
13 + 11 Do.
18 + 15 Canada .
12+ n Cassiar
1 1 + 1 1 Maine
10+10 Yukon
13I 12+11
i3i 10 + 9
12 11 + 14
14+ 1 1
Maine
Alaska
Cassiar
134
II
15
12J
13
7*
10+12 Cassiar
15+ 11 Manitoba.
16+14 Cassiar
14+12 ?
9 + 7 New Brunswick
11 10 + 8 Cassiar .
*7i 16+14 Alaska
9 J 12+ 11 Cassiar
13 9 + 9 New Brunswicl
n§ 12+ 11 Alaska
50
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS
Yukon
17+17
23+19
23
16
I7f
24+14
20 + 20
18+16
17! 18+16
ioi 21
26
Alaska
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
1 Skull and antlers weighed 91 lbs.
2 Weight of antlers an
Lieut.-Col. W. H. Greenly.
C. H. Akroyd.
W. A. Conduitt.
T. D. M. Cardeza.
A. D. Pass.
J. S. Braithwaite.
Hon. J. Cunliffe- Lister.
Major J. F. Church.
Sir Peter Walker, Bart.
C. H. Young.
J. B. M. Thompson.
R. L. Fenwick.
Hon. M. Egerton.
Major J. C. B. Statham.
Col. L. Parry.
L. Cadbury.
J. S. Shepherd.
A. C. Bell.
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
Field Museum, Chicago.
P. Niedieck.
American National Collec-
tion (Reed Collection).
Canadian Pacific Collection.
Chicago Academy of Science.
American Museum of Natural
History.
C. F. Periolot.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
American National Collec-
tion.
Do.
J. C. Phillips.
H. C. Thompson.
d skull, 77 lbs. ; no lower jaw.
Height at shoulder, 6 ft. 8 in. ? ; skull and antlers, 68 lbs. ; estimated weight, 1700 lb
AMERICAN AND ALASKAN ELKS
99
T eno-th r Circum-
Greatest ,e ■=> . ° ference Tip to Breadth _ .
longest _,._„_ rr,f_ _f_.i_ Points
width.
69
682
6Si
67
67
66
64i
55
49
45*
3§1
47s
above Tip. of palm
burr.
II ? 37 21
II 36
Locality.
21 21 Alaska
J5i x4+r4 Do.
17
Owner.
. F. B. Tolhurst.
. P. Niedieck.
... ... 16 17 New Brunswick Dr. Munro.
8J 4Si I2 18+ 11 Alaska . . F.T.Colby.
23 Do. . . J. H. Whitehouse.
9^ 44 14 28 New Brunswick S. Decatur.
S§ 454 15^ 31 ? Grahamstown Museum.
,5.— EUROPEAN ELK (A. machlis typicus).
The Ural Elk has been distinguished as A. m. uralensis.
Greatest
width.
i^engtn
Ionges
tine.
48|
3°i
48
3i
48
32
471
3°4
146
3°i
444
3oJ
244
3i|
43l
29
43s
32
43k
251
Circum-
, ° . ference Tip to Breadth _ .
lol?Seilt above Tip. of palm. P™"ts-
burr.
52
32
7
511
33
H
49
46
32h
7h
45
3i
7
43i
28J
6
44
344
Locality.
5 4 + 4 Norway .
3g 10 + 9
Do.
85 37l ill 10 + 9 Nr. St. Peters
burg
6| 32! 9 10+10 Norway
61 43 iol 15 Do.
7| 29-^ 10 9 + 8 Do.
7i 35 io4 11 +8 Stuttberg.
7^ ... ioj 24 Norway .
6 ... 9^ 7 + 8 Russia
5i 35 3 6 + 6 Norway .
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS
9 9 + 9 Norway
36i I5i 10+10 Do.
35 6 8 + 8 Sweden
7l 33 XI1 10+10 Do.
28 ... 17 Do.
33^ 11 12 + 10 Lithuania
Owner.
Capt. W. W. Pitt-Taylor.
G. J. Van Heek.
Prince E. Demidoff.
D. W. Stobart.
Abel Chapman.
Sir Victor Brooke's Collec-
tion.
O. Greaves.
Sir Peter Walker, Bart.
British Museum (Sir Edward
Caley).
F. H. Nye.
H. J. Elwes.
Capt. Gerard Ferrand.
J. A. M'Mullen.
Capt. Gerard Ferrand.
S. Ratcliff.
Prince Radziwill.
1 Estimated weight, 1260 lbs.
2 Estimated weight, 973 lbs. clean.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Antlers of East Siberian Elk, from the Hon. Walter Rothschild's specimen.
C— EAST SIBERIAN ELK (A. machlis bedfordias).
This race shows a marked tendency to absence of palmation in the
antlers, which usually have four or five large tines on each side.
Certain antlers from East Siberia are, however, distinctly palmated,
but appear to differ somewhat in form from ordinary European
specimens.
t i Circum-
Greatest . ° ference Tip to
width. . • ° above Tip.
tme- burr.
42j
37i
3°i
26I
3i4
7h
Point?.
Locality.
28
6 + 5
Siberia
37
4 + 3
Do.
32
5 + 4
Do.
Owner.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
British Museum.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
WHITE-TAILED DEER
Head of White-tailed Deer. Shot by Mr. G. Graham-Clarke.
The WHITE -TAILED DEER (Mazama [Odocoileus] virginiana).
Exclusive of the wapiti, all the deer of America are distin-
guished from those of the Old World, except elk and roebuck,
by the structure of the bones of the feet, as they also are by the form
of the antlers, which are either regularly forked or spike-like. In the
white-tailed deer the antlers are large and complex, with a long
sub-basal snag, and the front prong of the main fork developed at the
expense of the hind one, and carrying a number of snags on its upper
surface. Tail long. A gland-tuft on the hock, and a small cylindrical
white one with a black centre near the lower end of the hind cannon-
bone. Colour of upper-parts chestnut in summer and bluish grey in
winter, with the under surface of the tail and the buttocks pure white.
Typically from Eastern North America, where the height at the shoulder
reaches to 3 feet 1 inch, but represented by numerous races in other
parts of the continent, which gradually decrease in size and complexity
of antlers towards the south, where they extend to Peru, Bolivia, and
Guiana. Weight of a specimen of the typical race shot by Mr. Selous,
12 st. 7 lbs.
Mazama is the oldest name for the American deer, and may be
102
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
employed if all are included in one genus. If they are split up,
Mazama is the title for the brockets, while the white-tail and its allies
may be called Odocoilens, a name originally based on a fossil tooth of
the typical species.
A.— NORTHERN RACES (M. virginiana typica, etc.).
This typical race inhabits Virginia, its range including eastern
N. America from Ontario and Maine to Florida, and westward to the
Missouri. In Canada and New England it is replaced by the larger
and greyer M. v. borealis ; and there are several other races in the
States.
Length
on
outside
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
271
51
Single
antler
16
N. America .
British Museum.
27i
Si
9k
19
8 + 6
New Brunswick .
G. Graham -Clarke. (
illustration. )
275
4S
Hi
19
6 + 6
N. America .
British Museum.
26|
4l
9i
20
20
Do. ...
Major James Grant.
26|
51
4l
i7i
13 + 13
Ontario
W. S. Browne.
26
41
51
18
8 + 7
Maine ....
T. D. M. Cardeza.
26
4l
9
1 61
6 + 6
?
C. A. Kitson.
251
4i
9
19
11
Maine ....
H. S. Wellcome.
25
5
"4
6 + 10
?
British Museum.
25
5
6§
19
6 + 5
E. Kootenay, B.C.
Col. A. Charlesworth.
242
44
I2§
iSi
6 + 6
?
J. Carr Saunders.
23!
4i
71
i8i
4 + 4
New Brunswick
W. H. Lindsay.
23i
4k
6g
17
6 + 5
Do. . . .
Capt. E. C. Hamilton.
23
5
5
16
6 + 6
British Columbia .
J. Turner-Turner.
23
4*
14
20J
7 + 5
Canada ....
J. A. Douglas.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
32|
6
8
20J
17 + 15
Michigan
J. C. Phillips.
29
6
18 + 24
Maine .
American National Col
lection.
27i
184
19 + 19
Missouri
Berlin Museum.
25
5i
6|
231
10 + 9
Michigan
Wilson Potter.
24
6^
12
16
7 + 6
Alberta
N. J. Dinner).
24
4i
1i9*
18
Nebraska
G. B. Grinnell.
23I
6
12
i6|
5 + 4
Wyoming
1 Spread.
Col. J. J. Harrison.
(See
WHITE-TAILED DEER
103
Head of Mexican White-tailed Deer in the Collection of
"Major W. Anstruther Gray.
£.— MEXICAN WHITE- TAIL (M. virginiana lichtensteini).
This is one of the smaller races of the species, the height at the
shoulder ranging from about 33 to 36 inches, and the antlers being
usually smaller and simpler than in the northern race.
Distribution. — Mexico. In Northern Mexico this race is represented
by the Texan M. v. texana, and in the extreme south by M. v.
tolteca, which does not turn red. The Central American specimens
entered below belong to other races.
Length
on out- Circum- Tip to Widest t, ■ . T ■ .. n..,„„
side ference. Tip. inside. Pomts- Locality. Owner.
curve.
I3s
3i
6§
u|
3 + 3
Sonora . . . British Museum.
i3i
31
7
11*
4 + 4
Venezuela . . Hon. Walter Rothschild.
n|
3
4i
9i
3 + 3
Costa Rica . . Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
8i
21
4l
6g
3 + 4
Mexico . . .Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
1 81
9^
5 + 4
Sonora . . . J. C. Phillips.
16I
4i
I4l
4 + 4
Rio-FrioMts., Mexico Pio Noriega.
14
3h
9
Sonora . . . Major W. Anstruther Gray.
io4
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Mule- Deer.
The MULE -DEER (Mazama [Odocoileus] hemionus).
Antlers with a much shorter sub-basal snag than in the white-
tailed deer, beyond which the beam is directed outwards for a short
distance, and then curves upwards to form a regular fork, both prongs
of which are usually equal, and generally subdivide so as to form five
points on each side. Ears large and heavy ; tail short and small,
naked below basally, with a black tip. Gland-tufts on hock and
cannon-bone coloured like the leg ; the latter of these elongated and
situated on the upper half of the cannon-bone. General colour of
upper-parts yellowish tawny in summer, brownish or rufous speckled
grey in winter, with a brown horse-shoe mark on the forehead.
Height at the shoulder, 3 feet 3 or 4 inches in the typical form.
Weight (exceptional), ly stone 2 lbs. (F. C. Selous).
Distribution. — The greater part of North America westward of the
Missouri, extending from British Columbia to California. There
are several local races, among which the South Californian
M. hemionus peninsulce is one of the smallest.
MULE-DEER
105
Head of Mule-Deer from Colorado, in the possession of Mr. H. A. James.
Length
on out-
side
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
34
5
18
2I|
I9 + l8
Wyoming
. J. G. Millais.
3°§
55
18I
24i
5 + 5
?
W. Moat.
30
28|
51
4i
i3l
41
r7|
17
5 + 5
White River,
Colorado
Wyoming
II. A. James.
Ford G. Barclay.
28^
5
i8|
21
6 + 4
British Columbia
. J. Mel. M'lver Campbel
28!
24i
White River
. Major Maitland Kirwan.
28
5
20
23i
7 + 6
Wyoming
. J. Hall.
28
4i
22^
24I
6 + 6
Do.
. H. A. C. Darley.
27I
6
1 Si
i9±
9 + 6
British Columbia
. G. Wrey.
27h
51
Ml
24i
6 + 5
Do.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
27i
5
Hi
24S
6 + 5
Do.
C. W. Janson.
27!
4i
iSi
26^
5 + 5
North America
. T. L. Fisher.
io6
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
n out-
side
urve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
27
5i
x94
2l|
6 + 5
North America
. Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
27
si
I9i
22|
5 + 5
British Columbia
. D. H. Crake.
26|
43
I9l
20j
5 + 5
Wyoming
Ernest Farquhar.
26J
5
iSl
l8J
6 + 5
British Columbia
T. P. Kempson.
261
51
174
12
Wyoming
Lord Rendlesham.
26J
6*
i3i
18
5 + 4
British Columbia
. A. H. Goodall.
26
5
154
194
4 + 4
Do.
. J. V. Colby.
254
4i
I2|
i6|
5 + 5
Sierra Nevada .
P. Grace.
25*
54
211
8
British Columbia
. Sir Peter Walker, Bart.
25i
4*
27
29
5 + 5
Wyoming
. Lieut.-Col. G.J. Fitzgerald.
25i
44
19
20
5 + 5
Do.
. A. H. Pollen.
25i
5
74
i9i
8 + 6
?
W. A. Warren.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
324
6
26!
44s
25
B. Columbia
. H. Whiting.
32
6
26
21 + 19
Wyoming
. C. R. F. Lutwidge
3°i
64
i8i
30
12 + 11
Alberta .
N. J. Dinnen.
294
51
25
25i
8 + 5
Montana .
. J. C. Phillips.
29
64
294
8 + 6
Do.
E. S. Cameron.
BLACK-TAILED DEER
107
The BLACK-TAILED DEER (Mazama [Odocoileus] columbiana).
Nearly allied to the mule-deer, but of inferior size, with relatively
smaller ears and finer hair ; but specially characterised by the shorter
gland and tuft on the hind cannon-bone, and the larger and longer
tail, of which the upper surface is black and the lower mostly white.
Distribution. — Western North America, from Alaska, British Columbia,
and Vancouver to California. The Alaskan race {M. c. sitkensis)
has the upper surface of the base of the tail coloured like the
back ; in the Californian M. c. scdphiotus the general colour is
paler and the ears are larger.
Length
on out-
side
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
27
Si
13
20f
5+5
?
R. H. Venables Kyrke.
i9i
4i
14
l6J
3 + 3
S.
California .
. Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
22
4i
J22
Vancouver
Clive Phillipps-Wolley.
21
5
1 Si
15
5 + 5
N. E. California
. H. C. Nelson.
20^;
5
17
17
5 + 7
Do.
A. E. Leatham.
194
16
si
33
H
21
i4i
5 + 5
5 + 3
?
British Columbia
1 Outside.
Sir W. Gordon dimming,
Bart.
W. T. Hornaday.
io8
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Frontlet and Antlers of Marsh-Deer.
The MARSH -DEER (Mazama [Blastoceros] dichotoma).
Antlers without a sub-basal snag, forking regularly, with both
prongs again dividing, and the upper one usually more complex than
the lower. Ears large, with white hair internally. Hair long and
coarse, reversed on the withers for a short distance. General colour of
upper-parts bright rufous chestnut in summer, browner in winter ; legs
black from the knees and hocks downward. No gland on hind cannon-
bone. Size, approximately that of a red deer. Although ten is the
usual number of points, sports are common.
Distribution. — From Brazil to the inner wooded districts of Argentina.
Length
on out- Circum- Tip to Widest t> •
side ference. Tip. inside. rolnts-
curve.
Locality.
Owner.
25
S\
i8|
2li
5 + 4
Paraguay
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
24^
5
16
18
5 + 5
Do.
Admiral Sir William Kennedy.
24i
6^
21
20j
6 + 5
N. Argentina
. J. Todd.
23!
Si
i5f
i6i
5 + 4
Paraguay
British Museum.
23i
6
191
12
Do.
. G. R. Stuart.
MARSH-DEER
109
Length
on out-
side
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Points.
Locality.
curve.
22§
51
i7i
i8|
7 + 6
Paraguay
22§
6i
20
20J
5 + 5
Brazil
22§
51
25
28
Argentina
22£
4*
i8|
1 8i
4 + 3
Do.
21*
5*
22
i6|
6 + 6
Paraguay
211
6
131
4 + 4
Do. .
2l£
5
I2|
16
5 + 5
Do. .
Owner.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
A. Vans-Agnew.
G. L. Harrison.
S. Pulley.
H.R. H. the Due de Montpensier.
Admiral Sir William Kennedy.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
25I 5 22J ... 6 + 7 Paraguay . . Dr. Albert von Stephani.
22| 7^ ... 15I 6 + 6 Argentina . . Kenyon Slaney.
22^ 6| 26 25 5 + 5 Do. . . Sir Edward G. Loder, Bart,
Skull and Antlers of Chilian Guemal, shot in Patagonia
by Mr. H. Hesketh Prichard.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
The PAMPAS DEER (Mazama [Blastoceros] bezoartica).
A small deer nearly allied to the last, but with the front prong of the
antlers simple, and the hind one divided. A whorl in the hair on the
middle of the back and another at the base of the neck, so that the hair
of the withers is directed forwards for a considerable distance. Colour
of upper-parts light reddish brown, under-parts and lower surface of tail
white ; upper surface of latter black. Height at shoulder, 30 inches.
Distribution. — -Brazil to Northern Patagonia, in open districts.
:ngtn or
outside
curve.
' Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Points.
Locality.
Owner.
151
3h
5
6 + 7
Argentina
Col. Heber Percy.
14!
2%
i3i
3 + 3
Do.
British Museum.
I4l
3
rof
3 + 3
Do.
E. M. Crosfield.
i4i
3
11
3 + 3
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
14
4i
"i
3 + 3
Paraguay .
Admiral Sir William Kennedy.
T->1
l3?
42
8
3 + 3
Do. .
R. A. Cooper.
13
Z\
I2§
3 + 3
?
W. Livingstone-Learmonth. "
The PERUVIAN GUEMAL (Mazama [Hippocamelus] antisiensis).
Together with the closely allied Chilian guemal, this species
constitutes a group of deer characterised by the antlers forming a
single fork. There is no gland -tuft on the hind cannon-bone, the
short tail is rather bushy, and the hair coarse and brittle.
Owner.
A. Y. Hardy.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
British Museum (H. Whitely).
W. Buchanan Smith.
Distribution.
— Tl
ie high Andes,
Length
on
outside
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality,
curve.
Ill
43
6
Bolivia, 13,000 ft.
IO
3g
8
Ecuador
9h
71
4l
Tinta, South Peru
85
31
5
N. Argentina
GUEMAL AND BROCKET
The CHILIAN GrUEMAL (Mazama [Hippocamelus] bisulca).
Distinguished from the last by its superior size (shoulder-height
39^- inches) and more uniform colouring, as well as by several details
connected with the latter.
Distribution. — From the Chilian Andes to the plains of Patagonia.
Length
on
outside
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
tt3
zl
94
\o\
3§
7*
-11
3
4
-4f
i|
4i
Locality.
Owner.
Patagonia . . . . H. Hesketh Prichard.
? British Museum.
Chili J. C. Phillips.
Do. . . . . - . American National Collection.
- Owner's measurements.
The WOOD -BROCKET (Mazama nemorivaga).
The brockets are some of the smallest deer included in the genus
Mazama, of which they are the typical representatives. They are
recognisable by their simple spike -like antlers, the tufted crown of
the head, and, in many, although not all, cases the radiation of the
hair of the face from two whorls, which causes that on the nose to
be directed downwards. The most widely distributed species is the
red brocket (M. americana} or M. rufd), other species being the nearly
allied M. zetta of Colombia and M. sheila of Venezuela, M. tenia of
Guatemala, and the small M. simplicomis. The present species is
distinguished by its small size (height at shoulder about 19 inches),
its pale pepper-and-salt brownish or grey colour, the streak on the
forehead, and the absence of a gland and tuft on the hock.
Distribution. — Guiana, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, and Trinidad.
Length
on
front of
horn.
Girth.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
-4l
?3
04
4
Trinidad ....
Dr. Percy Kendall.
4l
if
2
Do
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
-3
2i
2
Do. ....
- Owner's measurements.
Dr. Albert von Stephani.
1 In previous editions this name was applied to the white-tailed deer, a usage which has
been recently shown to be inadmissible.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Musk-Deer.
The MUSK-DEER, or KASTURA (Moschus moscMferus).
She-lu, Chinese. Kashira, Kashmiri.
From all living deer except the Chinese water-deer this species is
distinguished by the absence of antlers, the function of which is dis-
charged in the male by long upper tusks. The tail is rudimentary and the
fur coarse and brittle, while the lateral hoofs are very large. The males
have a glandular pouch which secretes the musk from which the species
takes its name. Height at shoulder about 20 inches, at rump 22 inches.
Distribution. — The forest-districts of the Himalaya as far west as Gilgit,
at elevations of 8000 feet or more in summer, to Tibet, Siberia,
Western China, Amurland, and Corea.
Length of Tuslc T ,-. _
. -j .Locality. Owner,
on outside curve. J wwuci.
4 Kashmir Lieut.-Col. H. C. Tytler.
exposed from gum
3! Gurhwal Capt. G. W. Burton.
3 Do. British Museum (Hume Collection).
3 Amurland ...... British Museum.
2\ Kashmir Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
4 Ta Chin lu M. Mitchell.
3g Chitral Capt. J. T. H. Lane.
1\ Do Dr. Albert von Stephani.
3 Upper Kumaon Capt. K. Channer.
GIRAFFE
113
Skull of Transvaal Giraffe. Presented to the British Museum
by the late Mr. Rowland Ward.
The GIRAFFE (Giraffa camelopardalis).
IhuJila, Swazi.
Indhlulamiti, Zulu.
Tuthla, Basuto.
Luomba ningo, Chilala.
Intutiva, Chila.
Ngabi, Mas a war a.
Girt, or Halgiri, Somali.
Kameel, Boer.
Nyama marakiti, Asenga.
Vakwnin deft, Hausa.
Zaraff, Sudani.
The long limbs and neck, the peculiarly formed head, and the
blotched or netted hide, render giraffes distinguishable at a glance from
all other living ruminants ; with none of which, except the okapi,
they have any very close affinity, although their nearest relatives are
the deer. So great is their distinctness that, with the okapi, they
constitute a family by themselves — the Giraffidcs. One of the most
marked peculiarities of the giraffes is to be found in the horns, of which
the largest pair rise from the head between the ears, and are covered
during life with skin. They are never shed ; and in the adult are
immovably united to the bones of the skull, although separate in young
animals. In addition to these, there is a more or less distinct third
horn, or boss, situated on the forehead between the eyes, as well as
a rudimentary pair at the back of the head, or occiput. Giraffes have
a long, extensile tongue, hairy lips, and broad, low-crowned cheek-
I
ii4 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
teeth. There are no tusks in the upper jaw ; and in the outermost pair
of lower front teeth the crown, as in the okapi, is double, or bilobed.
Lateral hoofs are wanting.
Among the local races of the species, the Nubian giraffe, G. c.
typicus, is a pale-coloured animal with a large front horn and white
legs ; and from this the Kordofan G. c. antiquorum differs by the smaller
and more numerous spots on the upper part of the legs. The Baringo
giraffe, G. c. rothschildi, is characterised by the black spots of the old
bulls and the jagged markings of the cows ; and the Taposa G. c. cottoni
is allied. The Nigerian G. c. peralta, the palest of all, is close to the
Nubian. The Congo G. c. congoensis combines the presence of a third
horn with fully spotted legs ; this being also the case with the Kilimanjaro
G. c. tippelskirchi, in which the markings have an irregular star-like form
and the legs are more or less spotted. The races with fully spotted
legs and a more or less rudimentary front horn include the Angolan
G. c. angolensis, the North Transvaal G. c. wardi, and the South African
G. c. capensis.
The SOMALI GIRAFFE (Giraffa reticulata)
The Somali giraffe (for which the name netted giraffe would be
appropriate, were it not that it has a double signification) may be
described as a dull, liver-coloured animal with a coarse network of
narrow white lines dividing the ground-colour into a number of large,
irregularly quadrangular and sharply defined patches. The head and
upper part of the neck are, however, spotted, while the ears and the
legs from the knees and hocks downwards are white.
Apparently this type of colouring is specially adapted for render-
ing the animal inconspicuous when in covert.
Estimated
maximum
height.
ft. ins. ft. ins.
.4.— NIGERIAN RACE (G. c. peralta).
At shoulder. Locality. Owner.
(J-16 4 no N. Nigeria .... The late Capt. G. B. Gosling.
£.— EASTERN RACES (G. c. rothschildi, etc.)
Estimated
maximum
height.
At shoulder.
Locality.
Owner.
ft. ins.
ft ins.
19 3
British East Africa .
Col. J. Caswell.
19 0
12 O
Do.
. T. P. A. Holford.
d -18 7
South-east Africa
F. Vaughan Kirby.
GIRAFFE
Estimated
maximum
height.
At shoulder.
Locality.
ft. ins.
<J-i8 6
ft. ins.
British East Africa .
<J-i7 6
Do.
6-17 3
IO II
Do.
6-17 3
Do.
(J -16 0
East Central Africa .
9-15 6
Average height
South-east Africa
to
16 0
9-13 10
8 9h
British East Africa .
115
Owner.
J. Hall.
A. Vonwiller.
British Museum (Major
P. H. G. Powell-Cotton).
Lady Hindlip.
The late A. H. Neumann.
F. Vaughan Kirby.
British Museum (Major
P. H. G. Powell-Cotton).
C— SOUTHERN RACES (Gk c. capensis, etc.).
Estimated
maximum
height.
At shoulder.
Locality.
Owner.
ft. ins.
c$-i8 4
ft. ins.
Angola ....
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
<J -18 0
ct-17 0
12 O
South Africa
W. Matabililand
. . The late Sir W. Cornwallis
Harris.
. F. C. Selous.
9-16 10
North Kalahari .
- Owner's measurements.
. H. A. Bryden.
n6
RECORDS OF BJG GAME
Head of Prongbuck.
The PRONGBUCK or PRONG -HORN (Antilocapra americana).
Although commonly termed an antelope, this ruminant differs from
all the members of the Bovid<z by the forking of the horns. These are
annually shed from their bony sheaths and replaced by a new pair,
which commence to grow up beneath the old ones before they are cast
off. In consequence of this, the species is generally regarded as repre-
senting a family (Antilocapridce) by itself. Horns absent or rudimentary
in the female. Ears long and pointed, tail short, and neck maned.
General colour chestnut, with a white rump-patch, and white bars on
the throat. Height at shoulder, 36 inches ; weight, 70 to 80 lbs. clean.
Distribution. — Western North America, from British Columbia
to Mexico.
Length
on
outside
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
curve.
1 51
H
51
Wyoming
i5f
6i
8S
Do.
i5i
4i
9\
Do.
Locality.
Owner.
St. George Littledale.
P. B. Vander By].
W. R. Cookson.
PRONGBUCK
117
Length
on Circum- Tip to Widest
outside
ference.
Tip.
curve.
fSi
6i
n
15
51
1
is
6
15
51
5f
15
si
71
14I
51
12
I4l
I4l
52
Hi
14*
6
!4l
6f
5i
I4i
6
6
I4i
6
2§
i4i
7
4i
Hi
Si
51
I4i
51
51
Locality.
?
Wyoming .
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
?
Wyoming .
Do. .
Laramie Plains, Wyoming
Wyoming .
Alberta
Wyoming .
Do. .
Owner.
Col. Ralph Vivian.
Sutton Timmis.
H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans.
St. George Littledale.
Isaac Bell.
C. F. Bengough.
T. W. H. Clarke.
British Museum.
Ford G. Barclay.
The late Lieut. -Col. Hon.
W, Coke.
F. I. Mitchell.
Sir Victor Brooke's Collec-
tion.
J. Mel. M'lver Campbell.
Major A. J. Carstairs.
Earl of Dartmouth.
20TV
7i
51
17*
64
17
17
i7l
161
6i
16
61
16
51
12
15!
6
2I
1 sh
51
2|
i5i
5f
6'i
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
9
N.W. Canada .
20
outside
?
Wyoming
171
L. California .
N. Dakota
Wyoming .
Teton Mountains
N.W. Territories
Wyoming .
Wilson Potter.
J. Whitaker.
The late Otho Shaw.
J. G. Millais.
J. C. Phillips.
Theodore Roosevelt.
J. M. Geddes.
Sir H. Lennard.
N. J. Dinnen.
Count E. Hoyos.
n8
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Horns of Bubal Hartebeest. From Sir Abe Bailey's specimen.
The BUBAL HARTEBEEST (Bubalis boselaphus).
This species commences the family of hollow-horned ruminants
or Bovidcz, in which the horns are in the form of unbranched hollow
sheaths supported on bony cores and carried permanently. The harte-
beests are large antelopes with naked muzzles, abnormally long faces,
doubly-curved horns, small apertures to the face-glands, large valvular
nostrils (of which the lower rims are covered with stiff hairs), long,
tufted tails, and large lateral hoofs. Both sexes are horned. The
females have two teats.
Typical hartebeests have a whorl of hair on the forehead, and the
hair on the middle line of the face directed downwards below this till a
short distance above the nose, where there is another whorl ; face-
glands large. The present species is the smallest of the group,
standing only 43 or 44 inches at the shoulder. It has a short pedicle
supporting the horns, which are in the form of the letter U, and the
colour is uniform tawny, with the tail-tuft black.
Distribution. — North-west Africa (interior of Morocco, Algeria,
and Tunisia).
Owner.
British Museum.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Sir Abe Bailey.
British Museum.
Length on
ront curve.
Circum-
ference.
151
H
Hi
10
i3i
9i
13!
H
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
(,3
71
North Africa
9
Senegal
91
Tunisia
7S
North Africa
WESTERN HARTEBEEST
119
Head of Western Hartebeest.
WESTERN HARTEBEEST (Bubalis major).
Kanki, Hausa.
Apparently related to the preceding species, but larger, with more
massive horns, which are more bent near the middle, and have long,
smooth tips. Body uniform rufous fawn, varying from deep red
almost to fawn-grey, face deep brown, the fore-legs streaked with dark
brown or blackish from the knees downwards, and the tail-tuft black.
Height at shoulder, from about 50 to 54 inches.
Distribution. — Gambia, Nigeria, and interior of the
Cameruns, Togoland, etc.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip
Locality.
Owner.
26|
I3l
6i
Nigeria .
Capt. E. E. Williams.
-26J
I3S
11
Do. .
Sergeant Lefanu.
26
I2|
14!
Do. .
Lady Constance Stewart-Richardson
2Sh
Ilf
12^
Do. .
Capt. P. A. Clive.
25i
12^
Hf
Gold Coast
Dr. J. H. Collier.
2Sh
I2|
IO
Nigeria
Capt. C. C. West.
251
I2l
"i
Do. . . " .
R. J. Wolseley.
25s
I2|
"i
Yauri, Hausa States
Major J. W. Carroll.
Owner's measurements.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
25i
I2|
I3l
Near Borgu
Capt.
N. C. Welch.
25
II|
IQi
Benue Valley .
Sir Abe Bailey.
25
I2j
\o\
N. Nigeria
■ H.J.
Vicat.
25
II|
Si
Gold Coast
. Capt.
Montray Read.
25
"i
i6i
Nigeria .
. Capt.
G. B. Scott.
24!
i3i
H
Do. .
. Capt.
H. T. G. Moore.
24i
"i
I2f
Do. .
C. Francis.
24i
"I
8|
Do. .
. Capt.
S. B. B. Dyer.
24*
iai
18
Senegambia
G. Fenwick-Owen.
-24
"4
12
Togoland
Berlin
Museum.
24
12
51
Nigeria .
. The late Dr. W. H. Langley.
24
»4
»i
Do. .
. K. V.
Elphinstone.
24
12
II
Do. .
. Capt.
A. Noel Woods.
24
I2i
6
Do. .
Capt.
S. C. Peck.
24
"i
84
Do. .
. G. F.
Lobb.
24
124
iii
Do. .
. Capt.
W. T. Wilkinson.
24
11
1 of
Do. .
. Capt.
W. D. Wright.
24
124
"I
Do. .
. c. s.
Griffiths.
23I
124
6|
Do. .
Capt.
H. N. Kempthorne.
23I
12$
14I
S. Nigeria
. Capt.
R. M. Heron.
23I
124
11
Nigeria .
. Capt.
G. C. Kelly.
23S
12
71
Gambia .
G. Blaine.
23§
12
5i
N. Nigeria
. W. A
. Judd.
23i
12
9
Nigeria .
Major-Gen. P. S. Wilkinson.
234
12
11
Do. .
. F. R.
O'Neill.
23i
12
4i
Ashanti .
C. Beddington.
23i
12
134
N. of Benue E
iver . W. I
. Broun.
234
"4
4l
N. Nigeria
. Capt.
D. H. Thorburn.
234
12
10
Do.
. Major R. McDouall.
*34
10 \
Mi
Do.
. R. M
. Borthwick.
9 2I§
IO
8
Do.
Major J. G. Browne.
2l£
IOg
"4
Portuguese Gu
inea . Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
Owner's measurements.
TOR A HARTEBEEST
Head of Tora Hartebeest.
TORA HARTEBEEST (Bubalis tora).
Woroboy Abyssinian. Tora, Sudani.
Horn-pedicle of medium length, the horns themselves in the form
of an inverted bracket (■ — .— ').
A. — TYPICAL RACE (Buhalis tora typica).
Height at shoulder, from 50 to 54 inches. Colour uniformly pale
tawny fulvous, with the exception of the tail-tuft and chin, which are
black. Although of the same uniform colour, this species is easily
distinguished from B. boselaphus by its superior size and differently
shaped horns. Weight, from 300 to 400 lbs.
Distribution. — Abyssinia and south and middle portion of Blue Nile.
The Blue Nile B. t. rahatensis has the horn-tips markedly inclined
inwards.
Length
on front
curve.
Z2\
22
2\\
21
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
IOf
i8f
Locality.
Sudan .
Do. .
Do. .
Dinder Valley
Owner.
Carl Hagenbeck.
Major Lord J. S. Cavendish.
C. Bower Ismay.
C. E. Russell.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
20|
9i
I4i
Sudan .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
20j
9i
134
Do
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
20§
10
121
Do
Douglas M'Douall.
20j
91
i6f
Do
Marquis Pizzardi.
20j
ioj
I2|
Dinder Valley
Col. A. Colville.
20\
\o\
17
Sudan ....
Sir Abe Bailey.
20
10I
i6|
Do
Major H. H. S. Morant.
20
9§
i5l
Do
British Museum.
20
9i
MS
Lake Zuay, Abyssinia .
Prince de Lucinge.
i9i
9i
i3i
Dinder Valley
Major C. P. B. Wood.
I9|
9i
Hi
Do.
Lord Villiers.
I9l
9
i6|
Dembelas, Abyssinia .
British Museum.
9i9l
8
15
Setit Valley .
H. Leney.
I9l
ioi
I2f
Abyssinia
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
i9i
8|
i7l
Sudan . . . .
Capt. J. C. Graham.
iqJ
9
115
Setit Valley .
Countess of Sefton.
I9i
9
"i
Dinder Valley
C. E. Oakley.
I9i
9i
Hi
Blue Nile .
G. L. Harrison.
9 19
74
i8i
Setit Valley .
Earl of Sefton.
B.— KEILI RACE (Bubalis tora digglei).
Horns intermediate between those of A and C; general colour
dark fulvous, with a tinge of rufous.
Distribution. — Keili northward along the Ofat River on
Sudan Abyssinian frontier.
Length ,,.
on front prcum"
curve. ference-
-2ll
20^
20
I9§
9t
10
10
Tip to
Tip.
I2|
II
14
Locality.
Owner.
Abyssinian Border of the W. H. Diggle.
Sennar Province.
Do. The Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Blue Nile
Hon. T. G. B. Morgan-Grenville.
Abyssinian Border of the W. H. Diggle.
Sennar Province.
SIG OR S WAYNE'S HARTEBEEST
123
Head of Somali Hartebeest. Shot by Col. H. G. C. Swayne.
C — SOMALI RACE (Bubalis tora swaynei).
Sig; Somali.
Korkei, Galla.
Horns directed forwards and then inwards. Height at shoulder,
about 47 inches ; weight, about 300 lbs. General colour deep
rufous chocolate-brown, with white tips to the hairs ; face black, except
the muzzle and a line between the eyes which, like the shoulders and
upper part of fore-legs, as well as a patch on the upper part of the
hind-legs, are black.
Distribution. — Interior of Somaliland and Shoa ; in Somaliland on the
dry plateau known as the Hand. The East Somali B. s. noacki
is redder, with the face-mark inconspicuous and less defined.
Length on
"ront curve.
Circumference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
io\
85
26|
Somaliland
. Col. H. G. C. Swayne.
19!
9
27
Do.
. C. Bulpett.
*9l
91
22^
Do.
G. H. Cheetham.
i9i
ioi
29
Do.
Sir Abe Bailey.
-i9i
24i
N.
Somaliland
J. Menges.
124
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
ngtn on
it curve.
Circumference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
I9i
l6i
Somaliland .
D. D. Haskard.
194
10
2l|
Do. ' .
H. A. Bryden.
19
IO
23i
N. Somaliland
A. E. Butter.
19
9i
1 i8J
Do. .
Capt. M. M'Neill.
i8|
9l
21
Do.
Capt. R. M. Backhouse.
i8|
9
2ii
Somaliland .
Major R. P. Cobbold.
1 Si
18I
10
9i
19
19
Do.
Do.
Capt. F. L. Livingstone-
Learmonth.
J. R. Luchsinger.
18J
9i
16
Do.
Ford G. Barclay.
i8£
9i
i9i
Do.
Capt. T. W. Greenfield.
i8|
8S
18
Do.
Col. H. G. C. Swayne.
18*
ioi
22i
Do.
T. Morse.
i8|
9
171
Do.
Norman B. Smith.
18
81
1 of
Do.
Count J. Potocki.
18
94
20
Do.
W. F. Whitehouse.
18
9
22
Do.
Major B. R. M. Glossop.
T72
i7't
11
17
Gallaland .
Viscount Edmond de Poncins.
nl
10
211
Somaliland .
E. Lee Townshend.
171
10
20
Do.
Digby Davies.
-i7i
91
19
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
I7i
9
i8|
Abyssinia .
I. Buxton.
i5i
7
"4
Gallaland .
Owner's measuremer
Viscount Edmond de Poncins.
ts.
K0NG0N1 OR COKE'S HARTEBEEST
125
Head of Konsjoni.
The KONGONI or COKE'S HARTEBEEST (Bubalis cokei).
Horn-pedicle moderate ; horns bracket-shaped, very short and thick.
Height at shoulder, 48 or 49 inches. Weight, about 300 lbs. General
colour uniform bright fawn, with the lower lip somewhat browner, and
the lower part of the rump paler ; tail long, with the black tuft ascend-
ing some way up the hind surface. Two local races, B. c. rotksckildi,
from the district north of Lake Rudolf, and B. c. kongoni, from the
Guaso-nyero, have been named, while the Nakuru hartebeest may
represent a third race, B. c. nakurce.
Distribution. — Eastern Africa, from Usagara northwards to
Kilimanjaro, Masailand, and north of Lake Rudolf.
Length on
front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
21
9
135
East Africa
. Capt. M. L. Pears.
-20f
Do.
Sir Abe Bailey.
20
9\
Hi
Do.
. Col. J. Caswell.
20
9
I3i
Do.
. Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
19!
10!
16
Do.
. Major the Hon. W. G. Cadogan
19!
9S
11k
Do.
. Capt. C. Brook.
195
10 $
i3i
Do.
. Capt. R. A. McClymont.
I9l
ioj
I2i
Do.
- Owner
s measurements.
C. W. Turner.
126
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
^ength on
front
curve.
Circum- T
ference.
p to
rip.
Locality
Owner.
194
10J
[3
East Africa
The Master of Belhaven.
i9i
IO
<8f
Do.
. J. Gardiner Muir.
i9i
IO
[7|
Do.
Major J. A. Hannyngton.
i9i
IO}
ioi
Do.
. Major P. II. G. Powell-Cotton
1 91
9§
[6
Do.
Lieut. -Col. E. G. Harrison.
19
10
54
Do.
A. Vonwiller.
19
92
5
Do.
Major C. E. D. Bud worth.
19
91
i4
Do.
Dr. Welsh.
19
9S
[24
Do.
Marquis of Tweeddale.
19
94
74
Do.
. C. Frick.
19
ioi
[2
Do.
W. F. Wailes-Fairbairn.
19
9i 1
6
Do.
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
19
91
5
Do.
R. J. Cuninghame.
19
9 J
5i
Do.
F. W. Belt.
19
9i
6
Do.
J. Anstruther.
i8|
10 :
20
Do.
R. L. Scott.
iSf
94
44
Do.
C. B. C. Storey.
i85
IO ]
41
Do.
H. Sampson.
iSf
IO|
2|
Do.
A. G. Murray Smith.
i8|
ioj i
2^
Do.
Duke of Alba.
i8|
IO ]
°2
Do.
C. C. Wilson.
i8|
IO ]
14
Do.
Dr. A. E. Herz.
iSf
IOj ]
9
Do.
II. Fowler.
i8|
81 i
64
Do.
Sir F. J. Jackson.
184
\o\ ]
44
Do.
British Museum.
i8i
9i
3
Do.
W. G. Niven.
1 8i
10
2|
Do.
J. G. Millais.
i8i
91 1
54
Do.
H. G. Watson.
i8i
10
3
Do.
Prince de Caraman Chimay.
i8i
9i 1
6f
Do.
Major A. Leslie Renton.
18I
ioi
5
Do.
Lieut. S. R. Bailey, R.N.
184
10J
3
Do.
Duke of Sutherland.
184
94 1
6
Do.
J. Leslie.
i8i
ioi
74
Do.
Capt. J. A. Morrison.
?i6i
7i 1
41
Do.
E. H. Litchfield.
The two following specimens represent B. c. nakura
Length on
front
curve.
194
194
Circum-
ference.
IOi
IOi
Tip to
Tip.
134
Hi
Locality.
Owner.
Lake Nakuru
Do.
Capt. E. Sartorius.
H. W. Seton-Karr.
HYBRID HARTEBEEST
127
The following East African heads belong to the type regarded —
together with the Nakuru hartebeest — by Dr. O. Neumann as hybrids
Owner.
A. J. A. Douglas.
W. W. Ashley.
Hon. Guy Wilson.
G. C. Slacke.
C. J. Blackburne Maze.
C. Mitchell.
Guy Fenwick.
S. Milsom.
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
Lieut. -Col. the Hon. W. A. W. Lawson.
W. P. J. Fawcus.
Sir Richard Dane.
Capt. M. A. Black.
S. E. Milsom.
W. F. Wailes-Fairbairn.
N. C. Cockburn.
The Master of Belhaven.
Major L. H. R. Pope-Hennessy.
H. Clarkson Williams.
I. Barrington White.
Capt. the Hon. G. H. Douglas
Pennant.
R. J. L. Ogilby.
Percy C. Madeira.
A. de L. Long.
Major H. B. Dalgety.
Major G. A. Swinton Home.
Col. J. E. Gough.
Sir F. J. Jackson.
J. Todd.
Maharaja of Datia.
Capt. J. W. H. D. Tyndall.
Sir F. J. Jackson.
betweei
1 cokei
and
lelwel jacksoni : —
Length on
front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
22
10J
ni
East Africa .
214
II
92
Do. . '.
2l\
II
124
Do.
21*
IOj
16
Do.
2lJ
"4
18I
Do.
21*
II
2l£
Do.
2ii
12
12
Do. ...
«i
"1
104
Do.
21
1 of
94
Do.
21
9§
ni
Do.
21
"S
11
Do.
21
91
9l
Do.
21
1 of
104
Do.
20|
JOf
8i
Do.
20\
11
III
Do.
20j
10J
15
Do.
20|
10J
15s
Do.
20j
io|
ioj
Do.
20^
104
Hi
Do. .
20j
12
12
Do.
20
IO|
14
Do.
20
lOf
Ili
Do.
I9f
II
1 of
Do.
i9i
III
«i
Do.
i9i
Hi
8|
Do.
i9i
114
74
Do.
i9i
II
i34
Do.
i9i
IOf
i3i
Do.
i9i
10
III
Do.
194
104
94
Do.
i9i
II
III
Do.
? 18
84
1 of
Do.
128
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Neumann's Hartebeest.
NEUMANN'S HARTEBEEST (Bubalis neumanni).
In this species, which may be merely a race of B. cokei, the horns
are to a considerable degree intermediate between those of the tora-
cokei and those of the lelwel-cama group.
Colour of hair fulvous fawn, much richer on the back, where there
are also some darker spots, which may be stains or natural ; below
very much paler. Chin blackish; tip of tail black. Male brighter
and darker in colour than the female. There are also on the back
some patches with longer, thicker, almost whitish-buff" hair, perhaps
remains of the winter fur. Height at shoulder, from 48 to 50 inches.
Distribution. — East Africa, in the neighbourhood of Lake Rudolf.
Length on
front
i6i
9 131
Circum-
ference.
n
Tip to
Tip.
9i
Locality. Owner.
N.E. of Lake Rudolf . A. H. Neumann.
E. shore of Lake Rudolf Do.
LELWEL HARTEBEEST
129
»#
Skull and Horns of Jackson's Lelwel Hartebeest.
The LELWEL HARTEBEEST (Bubalis lelwel).
Mangazi, Waganda. Teital, Sudani.
Related to the preceding, but the general colour uniformly rufous
tawny, and the horns less abruptly bent. In the typical race the horns
incline slightly outwards at the tips, and the lower part of the legs
have some dark markings. In the Baringo or Jackson's race, B. I.
jacksoni, the legs are coloured like the back, uniformly foxy red. B. I.
niediecki of the White Nile differs by the parallel or inward direction
of the horn-tips. B. I. insignis of the Albert Nyanza district has a
black dorsal stripe and two small dark patches on the face, and dark
markings on the lower part of the legs. Weight, about 450 lbs.
Height at shoulder, about 52 inches.
Distribution. — Typically from the Bahr-el-Ghazal, Upper Nubia, and
Kordofan ; represented in the interior of British East Africa,
north of Lake Baringo, and Uganda, by B. I. jacksoni, to which
many of the undermentioned specimens belong.
Length
Circum- Tip to
front
curve.
ference.
Tip.
-Locality.
26
"I
I4l
E.
Africa
-25S
Hi
9i
Nr
. Gondokoro
251
III
14
E.
Africa
25i
I2h
71
Do.
25i
ni
n|
Do.
25i
11
i4h
Do.
25
I2i
I2|
Do.
Owner.
E. H. Litchfield.
Capt. E. T. W. McCausIand.
Capt. H. C. Hart.
A. Saunderson.
F. C. Selous.
W. N. McMillan.
Duke of Medinaceli.
Owner's measurements.
K
130
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on
front
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
25
10$
IO|
White Nile .
. Duke of Alba.
25
Hi
8
Sudan .
Sir Kenneth Crossley.
25
121
ui
Uganda
. Douglas M'Douall.
25
12
IO|
Do.
Major A. W. Jennings Bramly.
24!
12
I4i
Do.
Capt. V. C. de Crespigny.
24!
Hi
13!
Kordofan
. C. E. Lyall.
24l
"4
"i
Sudan
. J. V. Colby.
24!
ni
91
East Africa .
Sutton Timmis.
24g
n§
8
Uganda
. Capt. R. H. Leeke.
242
I2|
74
East Africa .
. A. de Rothschild.
242
IO|
ioi
Do.
. Col. R. Bright.
24*
«J
i8J
Do.
C. Bower Ismay.
24i
12
82
Do.
O. Mosley.
24i
12
10
Sudan .
. R. H. Willan.
24i
II
io|
East Africa .
A. Vonwiller.
24
12
84
Do.
. Duke of Alba.
24
III
ioi
Do.
G. Henry.
24
ni
9
Do.
Capt. H. C. S. Ashton.
23I
log
12
Do.
. Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
23f
1 of
6
White Nile .
Capt. A. H. Vivian.
23S
n|
"1
Do.
Earl of Sefton.
23I
11
I2i
East Africa .
B. Dominick.
23I
12
I if
Do.
F. Santos Saurez.
23!
ni
7i
Do.
. Col. Max. C. Fleischmann.
23S
12*
8§
Do.
. J. Leslie.
23I
I2i
9i
Do.
Sir J. Hume Campbell, Bart.
23i
II
i3i
Kordofan
Capt. H. S. Hearn.
23*
I2|
IO|
East Africa .
. Major H. B. Dalgety.
234
"1
"4
Uganda
Capt. P. Garrard.
23I
12
5§
East Africa .
R. J. Cuninghame.
234
«'i
71
Do.
N. C. Cockburn.
23i
"i
ni
Do.
Col. Stephenson R. Clarke.
23i
"i
IO^
Do.
H. Sampson.
23i
12
84
Do.
Mrs. Percy C. Madeira.
23 i
"1
74
Uganda .
Miss C. Buxton.
23i
11
7
Do. .
Dr. J. 0. Shircore.
23i
«i
io£
East Africa
Capt. P. Chapman.
23i
12
74
Do.
. A. Fowler.
$ 22
8i
6£
White Nile .
. Col. St. G. Henry.
? 21
IO|
"i
Uganda
. Dr. A. Paget.
20|
ioi
i3i
Blue Nile
Capt. E. S. Stephenson.
20
10
ii|
Do.
. Capt. J. A. Pollock.
20
9i
ioi
Do.
. Capt. N. A. Orr-Ewing.
CAM A OR CAPE HARTEBEEST 131
Head of Cape Hartebeest. Shot by Mr. R. Bosworth-Smith.
The CAMA or CAPE HARTEBEEST (Bubalis cama).
Kama, Bechuana. Ingama, Makalaka.
Horn-pedicle greatly elongated ; horns very sharply bent, and form-
ing a letter V when viewed from the front. Height at shoulder, from
48 to 54 inches. General colour reddish brown, darker than in any of the
preceding ; face (except between the eyes), back of neck, chin, shoulders,
thighs, and tail black or blackish ; lower portion of buttocks with a
conspicuous whitish or yellowish blaze. The typical southern form is
extinct, and the name B. cama selbornei has been proposed for the race
found north of the Orange River, as typified by the Kimberley herd.
Distribution. — Africa southwards of the Limpopo, but extending
farther northwards along the confines of the Kalahari desert. This
species (the rooi hartebeest) is now nearly exterminated in the Cape,
but a few still linger in the old Bushman country in the north-west
of Cape Colony. Although practically exterminated in the Orange
River Colony and in most of the Transvaal (except to the north-
west), numbers are to be found in the plains and open forest of
British Bechuanaland, the Bechuanaland Protectorate, Basutoland,
and in farms near Kimberley and Mafeking. In the North Kalahari
and the desert-regions about the Botletli River big troops are to
be met with. In Basutoland these hartebeests live in mountainous
country, at a high elevation, where there is a heavy snowfall in
winter.
132
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
26
I2J
254
I2i
25
II
24l
\o\
242
12
245
12
24i
\2\
23!
IO
23!
II
23*
"1
23i
Hi
23i
12
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
I3l
Orange River Colony
Sir Owen Philipps.
"i
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
10
Do.
C. Rube.
9s
?
R. T. Coryndon.
11
Near Boshof, O.R.C.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
9i
South Africa .
C. D. Rudd.
10
Ngamiland
F. T. Garbutt.
8|
Do.
British Museum (Sir Andrew Smith)
5S
?
J. C. Phillips.
ioi
Kamaland
F. C. Selous.
"1
Bechuanaland .
G. L. Harrison.
84
?
N. H. Barton.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
26
II|
13
Natal
C. S. Mann.
25S
12
4
Orange River Colony
Sir Abe Bailey.
25
«i
io|
Do.
Capt. W. Jardine.
24I
11
7
Nata River
American National Collection.
24§
»l
"4
?
B. Senior.
245
1 if
12
Damaraland .
Berlin Museum.
24I
roj
9:ro
Do.
Th. Rehbock.
24I
11
i7i
?
P. C. Keytel.
24J
11
71
Orange River Colony
Sir Abe Bailey.
24
ioj
H
Griqualand
A. F. Williams.
22
"i
14 J
Basutoland
R. Bosworth-Smith.
?2I|
84
134
Orange River Colony
Sir Abe Bailey.
LICHTENSTEIN'S HARTEBEEST
i33
Head of Lichtenstein's Hartebeest.
The KONZI, or LICHTENSTEIN'S HARTEBEEST (Bubalis lichtensteini).
Inkulando, Mashona.
Kokotombwi, Barotsi.
Konzi, Chila, Chilala, and
Chibisa.
Konshi, Chinyanja.
Horn-pedicle very short and broad, and the horns themselves much
flattened and curved inwards towards one another below the terminal
backward inclination. Height at shoulder, 50 to 52 inches; weight,
about 300 lbs. General colour tawny fulvous, becoming more rufous
along the back, with the chin, tail-tuft, and front of cannon-bones black.
Distribution. — East Africa north of the Sabi River, including Nyasaland,
Mozambique, German East Africa to Usagara, and N.E. and
N.W. Rhodesia.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
■2.2\
"1
15
Barotsiland
T. G. Davey.
22\
I2|
20
B.C. Africa
Sir Alfred Sharpe
2\\
I2J
9
E. of Tanganyika
0. L. Berringer.
211
\2\
9
Batoka Plateau, Northern
Rhodesia
F. Smitheman.
2I|
13!
4
N.E. Rhodesia.
F. H. Melland.
2ii
14
"I
Chambesi Valley
L. Harger.
2li
I2|
8|
N.W. Rhodesia
Capt. P. R. Bald.
134
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
214
I2j
5i
2li
iog
9i
21
I2|
4S
21
13
I3l
21
II|
4i
21
13
8i
21
134
ioi
20§
13
i3i
20|
II|
9§
•20f
II
73
20|
I2|
ioi
20|
13
Si
20|
II|
6|
20|
12
41
20j
13
9i
20j
"4
17
2.0\
I2i
3i
2Cl£
14
7
20\
131
61
20
13
5S
20
124
84
20
I2i
51
20
13
6
I9l
1 31
74
19I
I2|
9l
19I
13
74
19I
I2|
6i
19I
134
7i
5i5
H
aI
Locality.
?
N.W. Rhodesia
N. E. Rhodesia .
N.W. Rhodesia
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
N.E. Rhodesia .
N.W. Rhodesia
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
N.E. Rhodesia.
N.W. Rhodesia
Do.
Do.
Do.
N.E. Rhodesia.
N.W. Rhodesia
Do.
N.E. Rhodesia .
Do.
Do. .
Sabi Valley, Mashonaland ,
Owner.
L. A. Wallace.
Lieut. -Col. H. W. Wilberforce.
Col. C. F. Blane.
A. de L. Long.
P. K. Glazebrook.
G. F. Watherston.
Dr. W. D. Waterhouse.
G. L. Harrison.
Hon. M. W. Elphinstone.
T. D. M. Cardeza.
J. H. Leche.
Lady Scott.
A. Willis.
Capt. J. Harington.
Capt. the Hon. G. H. Douglas-
Pennant.
W. F. Wailes-Fairbairn.
A. W. Griffin.
R. Hayne.
Lieut. -Col. R. W. R. Barnes.
Capt. F. C. L. Grieve.
Capt. H. L. Archer-Houblon.
A. C. Brandon.
R. D. Waterhouse.
Hon. Guy Wilson.
Eastman Bell.
Earl of Kingston.
Hon. W. Guinness.
A. Dickinson.
British Museum (F. C. Selous).
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
23 13 74 ? Major H. Chamney.
22g 1 1 7| ? Mr. Justice Hopley.
HUNTER'S HARTEBEEST
i3S
Head of Hunter's Hartebeest (Female).
The HIROLA, or HUNTER'S HARTEBEEST (Damaliscus hunteri).
Aroli, Somali.
Blanketla, Galla.
With this species we come to a group of antelopes closely allied to
the true hartebeests, but with the frontal region not elevated into
a horn-pedicle, and the horns themselves forming in most cases a
lyrate or simple curve, and the face of medium length. The hair of
the face is directed uniformly upwards ; there is a transverse fold
of skin, underlain by fat, immediately behind the horns. In the
present species the slender horns are indeed doubly curved, although
without the sudden angulation of the true hartebeests. They slant
upwards and outwards, and then bend downwards, after which the
long points are directed upwards. Colour uniform rufous, with a
chevron on the face, the inner surface of the ears, and the tail-tuft
white. Height at shoulders, about 48 inches ; build light and graceful.
Distribution. — Southern Somaliland (Jubaland) to north bank
of Tana River.
136
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length.
On front c. • ■ .
Straight,
curve. B
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
26| 22^
sg
ioi
Joreh
I. N. Dracopoli.
26|
8k
Mi
Jubaland
British Museum.
26^ 22
84
I2i
Tana Valley .
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart
26 22^
84
IS*
Do.
. G. Blaine.
-25 22j
8
12
Jubaland
Col. E. G. Harrison.
24s
8*
151
Tana Valley .
. H. C. V. Hunter.
24§ 2l£
8|
9f
Do.
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart
-?2l£ I9|
55
11
Jubaland
Col. E. G. Harrison.
? 20§ l8
6
i5i
Tana Valley .
G. Blaine.
20|
51
85
Do.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
195 I7l
51
10
Joreh
- Owner's measurements.
I. N. Dracopoli.
Hunter's Hartebeest. Shot by Mr. I. N. Dracopoli.
KORRIGUM, TIAJVG, OR TOPI 137
Head of Korrigum. Shot by G. Blaine.
KORRIGUM, TIANG, or TOPI (Damaliscus corrigum).
Korrigum, Bornow. Devvi, Hausa.
Horns with a single slightly lyrate curve. Size large. General
colour reddish with a blackish blaze on the face and usually similar
patches on the upper part of the fore-limbs, hips, and thighs, which
extend in the form of a garter on the inside of the limbs above the
knees and hocks. Tail-tuft black. Face-blaze usually black, but
buffish or white in the guasingishu (D. c. phallius).
A.— TYPICAL KORRIGUM or SENEGAL HARTEBEEST
(D. corrigum typicus).
In this race the black markings are strongly pronounced, and a
streak is given off from the face-blaze to run upwards and outwards
below the eye. The lower parts of the legs appear to be coloured like
the body.
Distribution. — Senesrambia and the interior of West Africa.
138
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip
Locality.
Owner.
-23£
1 of
4l
N. Nigeria
. Capt. C. F. Watson.
-26|
94
i5i
Senegambia .
Imperial Museum, Vienna.
26^
9i
Si
Lake Chad
. Major D. F. MacCarthy Morrogh.
-251
10
8
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
"25i
9i
14
Gambia .
. Capt. W. B. Stanley.
24i
10
6f
Lake Chad
. A. L. Ross.
24J
94
4i
N. Nigeria
Capt. L. C. Brodie.
24S
9
9
Nigeria .
Capt. A. B. Baillie-Hamilton.
24S
IO|
7
Benue
. Capt. E. J. Wolseley.
24i
9l
91
Gambia .
G. Blaine.
-24I
10J
9
?
J. C. Phillips.
24§
9l
4S
Lake Chad
Major J. B. Cockburn.
244
94
lOf
Do.
Capt. P. Chapman.
?24i
7
31
Do.
. Major D. F. MacCarthy Morrogh.
24i
ioi
i3i
N. Nigeria
. Dr. G. J. Pirie.
24i
10
10
Do.
P. E. Bradney.
24
91
6
Lake Chad
Capt. L. C. Jackson.
24
10
5
N. Nigeria
Major T. Astley Cubitt.
24
9
9
Lake Chad
Sir F. Lugard.
23!
94
9i
Do.
Major E. J. Lugard.
23!
9i
71
Nigeria .
. W. F. Gowers.
23I
10
8
Lake Chad
. Capt. S. B. B. Dyer.
23I
9l
12
Do.
. C. S. Burnett.
23I
9i
134
N. Nigeria
. Capt. C. C. West.
23I
104
13'
Do.
Capt. G. Bonham-Carter.
9 2lf
6|
5i
Do.
. II. Maynard.
Owner's measurements.
TIANG
i39
Skull and Horns of Tiang.
B. — TIANG (D. corrigum tiang).
Tiang, Dinka.
The East African representative of the korrigum, from which it
differs by the larger area of black on the inside of the limbs, and
the tan colour of their lower portion. The tiang of the Mau Plateau,
B.E.A. {D. c. selousi) is distinguished by the bright chestnut colour of the
muzzle and of the area round the eye above the dark eye-stripe.
D. c. jonesi of the Upper Sudan is said to inhabit sandy tracts in place
of swamps, and is reported to be a plumper and browner animal, with
no dark eye-stripe, and no dark markings on the limbs.
Distribution. — Sennar, Kordofan, and the Bahr-el-Ghazal.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
25s
91
1 1!
Kordofan
Major C. J. Hawker.
24!
io\
91
Do.
Major A. J. B. Percival
24i
9i
9
White Nile .
H. Cookson.
140
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
24i
IO
74
W. Kordofan .
. A. L. Butler.
24i
IO
i5i
Kordofan
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
23I
8
7 k
White Nile .
. T. D. M. Cardeza.
23i
10
io£
Kordofan
G. L. Harrison.
23^
8|
7k
Sudan
Col. J. J. Asser.
23i
8f
H
Dinder Valley
C. D. Eyre.
23i
8|
2|
Sudan
C. R. Gurney.
23
9h
»i
White Nile .
E. C. Crispin.
22J
8|
si
Do.
Lord St. Oswald.
22§
8|
9
Do.
. British Museum (R. McD. Hawker)
22§
9
7
Sudan
. Capt. R. J. Collins.
22j
9
6£
Do.
. G. C. Whitaker.
22|
8j
6J
Do. .
Capt. G. S. Cameron.
22j
8i
9i
Dinder Valley
C. Bower Ismay.
?22|
8|
7*
Kordofan
Walter Jones.
22j
9
6i
Sudan
. Col. A. Colville.
22§
91
14
White Nile .
. Lieut. -Gen. Sir B. T. Mahon.
22|
9
Si
Sudan
Capt. G. S. Nickerson.
22^
8i
6i
White Nile .
. Major H. N. Dunn.
22j
8|
6
Do.
Capt. A. H. Vivian.
22^
8|
41
Do.
. E. M. Tabor.
22^
91
4
Lado
Q. Grogan.
22^
9*
7i
Sudan
Capt. E. H. Francis.
22j
9
5
Sobat District
. Capt. J. A. Pollock.
TOPI
141
Head of Topi. From a specimen shot by the late Mr. A. H. Neumann.
C. — TOPI (D. corrigum jimela).
Korki, Galla.
Mangazi, Waganda.
Differs from D. c. typicus by the darker colour and absence of dark
eye-stripe (see illustration). General colour dark reddish brown, with
a silky bluish grey gloss ; shoulders and thighs with blue - black
patches ; no dark stripe from the frontal blaze to the eye ; under-parts
bright cinnamon. Dark markings absent in young. Horns lyre-
shaped, with the tips inclined backwards and inwards. A topi from
the Upper Congo appears to connect typicus with jimela, having a
vestige of the black eye-stripe. Height at shoulder, 48 to 50 inches.
Weight, about 300 lbs.
Distribution. — Typically from the Juba district to British East Africa,
thence to the Sabuki River, also near Lake Rudolf. The Uganda
form apparently represents a distinct race of darker colour and
larger stature.
14:
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
2l\
H
51
Gallaland
. D. P. MacGillivray.
21
8
61
North end of Lake Rudolf
The late H. Andrew.
-20j
81
7l
Uganda ....
. Dr. A. MacCarthy Morrogh.
I9i
9i
74
Do
Lord Hindlip.
i9l
6|
3l
East Africa
. H. C. V. Hunter.
19J
8i
8
S. Albert Edward Nyanza
E. S. Grogan.
i9i
84
64
East Africa
A. de L. Long.
I9i
71
64
Uganda ....
Sir F. J. Jackson.
19
71
8
Lake Rudolf
. A. E. Butter.
19
84
74
Uganda ....
Major A. W. Jennings Bramly
19
6|
81
East Africa
A. Louw.
9 19
74
5S
Lado Enclave .
. Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
i8|
9
8
German East Africa .
Sir A. Sharpe.
i8|
71
7
Do.
. Hon. M. W. Elphinstone.
18I
6i
4l
?
I. N. Dracopoli.
i8|
8|
8
Albert Edward Nyanza
. Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
i8i
71
5i
Tana Valley
. Major H. de Pree.
i8£
8|
81
East Africa
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
i8i
8|
54
Do. ...
. J. Carr Saunders.
18I
9
8|
Do. ...
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
i8i
81
8
Do. ...
B. Barr Smith.
i84
84
51
Jubaland ....
L. Aylmer.
i8i
81
84
Uganda ....
E. Canaple.
9 18
61
71
East Africa
Duke of Medinaceli.
- Owner's measurements.
BONTEBOK
M3
Head of Bontebok.
The BONTEBOK (Damaliscus pygargus).
Distinguished from the preceding species of the genus by the
lower portions of the limbs being mainly white, as well as (if one race
of the korrigum be excluded) by a white blaze on the face, which is
continuous from the horns to the nose. Height at shoulder, about 40
inches. Weight, about 200 lbs. Colour of fore part of back rufous
fawn darkening into blackish on the back of ears, upper part of face,
near the rump, flanks, shoulders, front of limbs, and tail-tuft ; side of
basal part of rump, upper half of tail, under-parts, and much of hind
surface of limbs white.
The horns very nearly resemble those of the blesbok in shape, but
their colour is much darker.
Distribution. — Cape Colony, south of the Orange River ; now nearly
exterminated. Although formerly occurring in tens of thousands
on the Karus of Cape Colony and near Cape Agulhas, bontebok
are reduced to a single herd preserved on some fiats on the estate
of Mr. Vander Byl, near Swellendam, in the south of Cape Colony.
ngth on
at curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
i6|
6|
9h
?
British Museum.
16*
6|
81
Bredasdorp
A. C. Campbell.
151
6J
8
Do. ...
British Museum (F. C. Selous)
154
6i
H
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
i5i
6£
7
Do.
W. A. Simpson Hinchliffe.
1 Si
6i
91
Do.
A. C. Humbert.
i5l
6*
H
Cape Colony .
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
1 Weight, 200 lbs. Height, 41J- at shoulder.
144
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
^ength on
ont curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip
Locality.
Owner.
15
6|
H
Cape Colony .
F. C. Selous.
15
6
7
Do.
Sir Owen Philipps.
15
H
6|
Bredasdorp
. W. S. Curtis.
15
6i
10
Do.
. A. W. Guthrie.
9 141
5l
75
Do.
Sir Abe Bailey.
9 i4i
5i
7
Do.
. W. A. Simpson Hinchliffe.
9i3i
5i
7i
Do.
. British Museum (F. C. Selous
1 Height at shoulder, 36! .
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
i5l
6|
7A
Bredasc
iSi
6£
5
Do.
1 51
6f
• 9i
Do.
iSi
64
9
Do.
15
6i
71
Do.
15
6
94
Do.
14*
Do.
9 13
5
64
Do.
Capt. W. Jardine.
A. Ohlsson.
Mr. Justice Hopley.
P. C. Keytel.
Sir Abe Bailey.
Dr. Albert von Stephani.
South African Museum.
Abel Chapman.
BLESBOK
145
Horns of Female and Male Blesbok.
The BLESBOK (Damaliscus albifrons).
Nunni, Bechuana.
Closely allied to the bontebok, but with the white blaze on the
forehead divided by a brown line between the eyes, the absence of a
white rump-patch, the wholly brown tail, and the yellowish rings of
the horns ; the horns themselves showing a greenish tinge.
Formerly to be numbered by hundreds of thousands, the beautiful
blesbok had in the last sixty years grown very scarce, being [only
met with in small numbers on a few Boer farms in the Transvaal
and the Orange River Colony ; but since the Boer War they have
increased enormously in numbers, and it is estimated that there are
now over 50,000 on farms in the Orange River Colony. Seventy
years ago blesboks often literally darkened the face of the land with
146
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
their innumerable legions. The north of the Cape Colony, Griqualand
West, the Orange River Colony, and the plains of the Western and
Southern Transvaal were the true home of this beautiful antelope.
Gordon Cumming wrote as follows of the blesbok-country in 1 848 :
" The plains exhibited one purple mass of graceful blesboks, which
extended without a break as far as my eyes could strain ; the
depth of their vast legions covered a breadth of about six hundred
yards."
Distribution. — Northern plains of Cape Colony, Orange River Colony,
Transvaal, Griqualand West, and Bechuanaland.
Length on
front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
i8|
6£
IO
South Africa .
H. G. Supple.
i8i
51
12*
Do.
. Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
i7i
6J
i5i
Orange
River Colony
Major B. Horsbrugh.
i7i
6|
7
Transvaal
Sir Abe Bailey.
i7i
7i
6i
Orange
River Colony
B. J. Fitzherbert.
i7i
6«
8i
Do.
Sir H. J. Goold-Adams.
17
6f
7
?
F. V. Worth ington.
17
7
10
?
J. L. Drege.
16!
6|
7
?
T. Stephenson.
i6|
6i
9l
Orange
River Colony
. Col. W. H. Sitwell.
i6h
7
8
Do.
. Capt. H. D. Livingstone.
i6£
6i
9i
Do.
Capt. Sandilands.
16J
6|
6
Do.
. Major C. F. Pinney.
16*
6i
Si
Do.
. Hon. R. A. Ward.
i6|
6i
4i
Do.
Major I. Brooke.
i6|
7
6f
Do.
. A. E. Croker.
i6i
6g
7i
Do.
Lieut. -Col. F. Fitzherbert.
i6£
6|
7i
Do.
. Major G. F. Henry.
i6i
6
64
?
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
i6i
7
9i
-
?
British Museum.
i6i
6f
9i
Transvaal
. Capt. C. G. Leslie.
16
6g
7
?
Capt. E. W. S. Balfour.
16
6|
8§
Orange
River Colony
Col. Lord Douglas Compton.
BLESBOK
147
Lengthen circum. T; to
front ference. Tip.
curve.
16 6| 7
!i5j 6h 10
915 Si
Locality.
Orange River Colony
Do.
Owner.
W. A. Simpson Hinchliffe.
Sir Owen Philipps.
Driefontein, Orange River British Museum (F. C. Selous).
Colony
Orange River Colony . Capt. H. D. Livingstone.
Head of Blesbok.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
i8|
?
W. Colson.
18
64
IOg
Orange River Colony
. F. R. N. Findlay.
17I
Do.
. C. S. Mann.
ni
6i
81
Transvaal
. J. B. Wheelwright.
174
61
ioi
Orange River Colony
Capt. W. Jardine.
17
H
?
Major W. Anstruther Gray.
17
6f
9h
?
J. C. Phillips.
i6§
7
7\
Orange River Colony
Count E. Hoyos.
9i6i
6£
8|
Do.
Sir Abe Bailey.
16
6|
ioi
?
A. F. William.
151
6|
7i
Transvaal
. H. A. Bryden.
9i4l
4l
H
Orange River Colony
. P. C. Keytel.
1 Weight, 180 lbs. Height at shoulder, 39J- inches.
148
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Sassaby. From a specimen shot in Mashonaland by Mr. F. C. Selous.
The SASSABY or BASTARD HARTEBEEST (Damaliscus lunatus).
1 'n co lorn o, Matabili.
Ingalowana, Basuto.
Ijikweko, Masubia.
Inyundo, Makalaka.
Kaboli, Barotsi and Ngami.
Luclin, Masara.
IFtengo, Chilala and Chibisa.
Msanci, Swazi.
Mzanzi, Zulu.
Unchuru, Makuba.
Horns short, starting obliquely outwards, with a single upward and
backward lunate curve. Height at shoulder, from 3 feet 10 inches to
4 feet. General colour dark chestnut-red, with the face, shoulders, hips,
upper portions of limbs, and tail-tuft black, and the region of the groin
and margin of the ears white.
The sassaby has the reputation — in the opinion of all hunters
who have tested its speed — of being the fleetest and most enduring
antelope in South Africa ; and were it not that, in common with the
Cape hartebeest, it happens to be lacking in presence of mind, it would
very seldom fall to the sportsman's rifle. A troop of sassaby may be
often turned from its course, or brought to a halt, by firing over the
heads of the fleeing animals. Or if the leader of the troop be wounded
and turned out, the rest of the herd become confused and now and again
offer easy shots.
SASSABY
149
Distribution. — South-East Africa, from north of the Orange River to
the Zambesi, westward to Lake Ngami, and northwards to British
Central Africa.
Length on
front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
i7i
7k
II
N.E. Rhodesia
Sir Abe Bailey.
i7i
8|
98
Do.
Earl of Kingston.
i7i
8*
io|
Do.
. R. D. Waterhouse.
i7i
7*
111
Do.
. Col. C. F. Blane.
17
84
I2i
Do.
. Col. A. Colville.
17
7l
104
Do.
. P. M. Stewart.
1 6f
7i
12
Do.
. W. A. Conduitt.
16J
7i
ni
Ngamiland
. Hon. C. Legge.
1 6|
8i
io|
N.E. Rhodesia
]. Turner.
i6§
71
i3l
Do.
. F. H. Melland.
164
7i
14
Do.
. R. Hayne.
1 6|
6S
i3i
Ngamiland
. A. G. Stigand.
i6|
74
I2i
N.E. Rhodesia
EI. Cookson.
1 6i
7 1
IO-5
Do.
. Capt. S. Id. Christy.
i6J
71
ioi
S. Rhodesia .
. C. W. Adams.
i6i
7i
114
N.E. Rhodesia
Hon. W. Guinness.
16
71
111
?
A. Hugh Bainbridge.
16
71
I2|
Chinama, B.C. A.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
9 16
6i
I4l
N.E. Rhodesia
. Col. A. Colville.
1 si
71
1 Si
Mashonaland .
. Sir John Willoughby, Bart.
15I
74
1 1
N.E. Rhodesia
. F. H. Melland.
15I
71
US
S. Africa
. Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
15*
8
n|
N.E. Rhodesia
. A. de L. Long.
1 si
8i
IOrj;
?
W. A. Simpson Hinchliffe.
i5i
8
13
N.E. Rhodesia
P. K. Glazebrook.
i.5i
Mashonaland .
. F. C. Selous.
1 si
7
1 4s
?
F. T. Garbutt.
*5i
84
I3l
?
W. F. Wailes-Fairbairn.
1 Si
8
I2j
S.E. Africa
. British Museum (Sir Andrew Smit
1 si
7k
III
Rhodesia
. N. H. Barton.
174
Hi
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
N.E. Rhodesia . . J. C. Phillips.
ISO
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Frontlet and Horns of Brindled Gnu. From specimen in the British Museum,
presented by the late Mr. Rowland Ward.
The BRINDLED GNU or BLUE WILDEBEEST (Connochsetes taurinus).
Ee-vumba, Makalaka.
Ikokoni, Basuto.
Inkoni-koni, Amandebili.
Inkongoni, Swazi and Zulu.
Kokong, Barotsi and Batoka.
Minyumbzvi, Batonga.
Munyumbzva, Chila.
Num'bo, Masubia.
Nyamba, Chilala and Chisenga.
Unzozo, Makuba.
From their near relatives the hartebeests the gnus, or wildebeests,
are distinguishable at a glance by their grotesque shape and smooth
horns, as they also are by their habits. The long, broad, and massive
head has a blunt and bristly muzzle, and tufts of coarse hair on the
forehead and chin ; the chin -tuft also extending on to the throat.
The horns, which are placed on the crown of the head, are approxi-
mated at their bases, especially in old bulls, and are nearly smooth,
more or less flattened at the bases, but almost cylindrical at the tips ;
the curvature being at first outwards, or outwards and downwards,
and then bending upwards at the tips. An abundant mane of long
hair clothes the back of the neck ; and the tail is covered with longer
and softer hairs, reaching considerably below the hocks. It is from
the equine form of the tail that these animals were long popularly
known by the name of " horned horse." The hoofs are characterised
by their narrow form.
The blue wildebeest, as this species is called in S. Africa, is a large
animal, standing from 4 feet 3 to 4 feet 4J inches at the shoulder.
Its most characteristic features are the outward direction of the horns,
which are but little expanded at the base and not unlike those of a
buffalo ; the almost uniformly black tail, the partially pendent mane, the
presence of a fringe on the throat, the downward direction of the long
hair on the face, and the absence of long hair on the lower part of
the chest and between the fore-legs. The general colour varies from
BRINDLED GNU
151
grizzled roan to blackish slaty brown, with more or less distinct
vertical dark stripes, most conspicuous in the lighter-coloured speci-
mens, on the sides of the neck and fore-quarters. Typically, the
fringe of hair on the throat, like the mane and tuft on the forehead,
is black.
Distribution. — Formerly ranging from the north of the Orange River for
a long distance up East Africa, the brindled gnu is now practically
exterminated in the Orange River Colony and the adjacent dis-
tricts south of the Limpopo. It survives in parts of Griqualand
Head of Brindled Gnu.
West and the Kalahari, as well as in British Bechuanaland, and
is numerous in northern Zululand, as well as in Khama's country,
the Orange River Colony, and Rhodesia, and thence northwards
through Central and East Africa, and it also occurs in Mozambique.
In spite of its clumsy and ungainly appearance, the brindled gnu
is a rapid mover ; and even when severely wounded will not un-
frequently succeed in making good its escape from the mounted
hunter.
It is generally distributed in South-East Central Africa, and
north of the Zambesi is represented by the Nyasa race (C. taurinus
johnstoni), distinguished by the white chevron on the face. Another
race is noticed below.
152
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
^.—TYPICAL (C taurinus typicus) and NYASA RACES.
Widest
outside.
Widest
inside.
Length
on front
curve.
Breadth
of palm.
Tip to
.Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
"2l
JZ2
29
20
4
26i
P.E. Africa .
British Museum (late Mr
Rowland Ward). See illus
29
31
xi3i
iSi
Sabi Flats
tration, p. 150.
Dr. R. P. Mitchell.
32
28
24
45
21
P.E. Africa .
J. C. Phillips.
zSh
2I|
Si
1 71
Matabililand .
G. H. M. Banks.
3I|
28
22^
44
i8|
Nyasalancl
Capt. G. M. P. Hawthorne.
28i
20|
5
16
Pungwe .
C. C. Gouldsmith.
3°S
26!
21
4i
2lJ
S.E. Africa .
American National Collection
3of
26§
235
5i
i6j
?
Sir Abe Bailey.
3°2
261
234
6A
184
S.E. Africa
F. C. Selous.
3oi
26I
24A
4i
iS
P.E. Africa
Capt. R. A. McClymont.
3°2
26
22l
4i
1 84
Do.
Col. A. Colville.
3°i
26
22
4i
i75
Do.
W. A. Simpson Hinchliffe.
26i
2li
4§
20^
Matabililand .
Major R. Hayes-Sadler.
3°*
26i
I9|
5
21$
?
B. Nicolson.
30
251
2ll
45
i9i
Pungwe .
Dr. S. Martin.
30
26^
2ll
4i
iSi
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
30
26
25*
21
22
4i
4i
I9i
17
Do.
S. Africa .
Count R. Coudenhove-
Kalergi.
G. Richards.
29I
25i
22
4l
16}
G.E. Africa .
J. R. Rolls Richardson.
295
24*
24§
4i
i8i
S.E. Africa
H. W. Elliott.
29I
29a
26
25
22
I9i
4
5
i8|
20*
?
?
British Museum (Sir A
Smith).
G. Bateman.
29^
25i
20 i
5
20
Zululand .
Maj. -Gen. Sir David Bruce.
29^
254
21*
44
185
Sir Owen Philipps.
29
26
19
4
21*
N.E. Rhodesia
H. Cookson.
29
29
254
24g
20£
3i
4i
19
i6|
Pungwe .
?
H.R.H. Prince Pedro
d 'Orleans et de Braganza.
A. Hugh Painbridge.
33h
30?
28I
27
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
6-i- 24 Sabi Flats
4 20^ S.E. Africa
] Circumference.
B. Secretan.
H. M. von Archer.
BRINDLED GNU
15;
Head of White Bearded Gnu.
B.— NY AS A RACE.
Widest
outside.
29 rV
29
26
26
9 25J
25S
25i
Widest
inside.
255
25
24!
22
2lJ
21^
2lA
Length
on front
curve.
24i
20|
21
13
i3i
18J
i8|
i7i
Breadth
of palm.
44
5
42
5
4i
4
4^
4
Tip to
Tip.
16
14
19
172
I2§
1 3*
15
Locality.
1 8| Nyasaland
Do.
Do.
Owner.
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
A. R. Andrew.
T. Mills.
N.W: Rhodesia G. Crompton.
Nyasaland . Sir Alfred Sharpe.
Mashonaland . J. Ff. Darling.
Nyasaland . R. II. Storey.
Barotsiland . R. T. Coryndon.
154
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of White-bearded Gnu.
C— KILIMANJARO or WHITE -BEARDED RACE (C. taurinus
albojubatus).
Nyumbu, Swahili. Lavagadli, Somali.
Engat, Masai.
A race distinguished by its slightly paler colouring, and the yellowish
white throat-fringe, a few whitish hairs being also mingled with the
mane. The form of the widest part of the front of the horns is
somewhat different from the corresponding region in the typical race.
Weight, about 550 lbs.
Distribution. — East Africa — Athi plains, Ukambani, north of Kilimanjaro.
Widest
outside.
Widest
inside.
length
on front
curve.
Breadth
of palm.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
29^
26i
24±
4h
I8|
East Africa
. W. L. Spencer Churchill.
29J
25i
24
5i
i6|
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart,
29J
252
21*
4f
171
Do.
G. L. Harrison.
29
25
255
43
i6|
Do.
. Mrs. J. E. R. Oldfield.
29
24S
21
4l
18
Do.
. H. C. Phipps.
28|
25
2lJ
4*
iSf
Do.
. C. Bulpett.
28|
25i
21
4f
18
Do.
. W. Sewall.
28i
25
21
4i
i7i
Do.
. The late G. G. Longden.
28J
244
21
5
i8|
Do.
Abel Chapman.
WHITE- BEARDED GNU 1 55
Widest
outside.
Widest
inside.
Length
on front
curve.
Breadth
of palm.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
2%\
24i
22
5
16
East Africa
. J. H. Penruddock.
28^
25
22
4i
19
Do.
. W. Neilson.
28i
244
22;\
44
15
Do.
. R. H. R. Brocklebank.
2&1
244
21
\l
i6|
Do.
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
28£
24
21^
4S
i6J
Do.
. R. W. McKergow.
28
24J
24|
4l
18
Do.
. Dr. A. E. Herz.
28
234
20
4i
18I
Do.
. Capt. V. C. de Crespigny.
28
25
24
4i
1 Si
Do.
. Capt. G. F. Phillips.
28
24i
22|
5
19
Do.
. G. W. C. Drexel.
27!
24I
21
5
i8|
Do.
. C. B. C. Storey.
27|
24i
22f
Al
i9i
Do.
. J. Anstruther.
27S
2J?
2I|
Sh
i7i
Do.
. Comdr. H. L. P. Herd, R.N.
27I
24
23h
4f
i'si
Do.
. Col. D. M. Lumsden.
27I
25i
22\
51
144
Do.
. Capt. T. H. Rivers Bulkeley.
27I
23i
25i
4l
i6J
Do.
. W. N. McMillan.
27f
24
25i
44
14*
Do.
F. C. Selous.
27I
25l
23i
4l
21
Do.
. G. C. Slacke.
27S
01 3
23?
23
54
23
Do.
. W. H. Levy.
274
2J4:
2\\
4i
i5i
Do.
C. Craig.
274
23I
15*
4l
20§
Do.
. T. D. M. Cardeza.
27.1
23I
21
4i
i6|
Do.
. Master of Belhaven.
27J
22
6
154
Do.
Lord Delamere.
274
24
i8|
4±
18J
Do.
. Dr. Clifford Brookes.
27I
24
244
4i
1 6i
Do.
. S. E. Milsom.
27i
23S
i8J
4§
19
Do.
. Lord Alex. Thynne.
27i
23
21
4i
,144
Do.
. A. de Rothschild.
27-I
22|
23
54
15
Do.
Major J. A. Hannyngton.
27i
23J
21
44
i6|
Do.
Percy C. Madeira.
^7!
232
20\
45
214
Do.
. C. Frick.
27i
24
23
44
1 Si
Do.
. Lt.-Col. T. A. Colfox.
9 22f
194
161
3i
I2|
Do.
R. E. Wemyss.
1 56
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Gnu.
The GNU or BLACK WILDEBEEST (Connochsetes gnu).
This southern species is the true gnu, which was formerly known to
the Hottentots by that name, although, by the colonists, it is termed the
black wildebeest. Its inferior size (height at shoulder, about 3 ft. 10 ins.),
the downward curvature of the horns at starting and their great
expansion at the base, the white tail, the abundant fringe of long hair
on the lower part of the chest and between the fore-legs, the upright
mane, and the crest of hair on the face, distinguish it from the brindled
gnu. The general colour is uniform deep umber-brown, passing into
black. Females are much smaller than males ; and have the horns
more slender and less expanded at the base.
Distribution. — The northern range of this species was approximately
limited by the Vaal, or northern branch of the Orange River. At the
time of the Boer War this gnu was represented by herds of a few
hundred in the Orange River Colony and on Mr. C. D. Rudd's estate
near Cape Town. On the plains of the latter country, as well as
on the Karus of Cape Colony, it was formerly found in vast herds,
generally in company with quaggas. Fierce and treacherous in
disposition, it was especially characterised by its habit of indulging
in grotesque capers and frolics on the approach of strangers.
GNU 1 57
Length on
front curve.
Breadth
of palm.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
26i
7S
144
Orange River Colony
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
25*
7§
21*
Do.
Major P. A. Cox.
25
6|
i5i
Do.
A. Payne-Gallwey.
24i
8
16
Do.
W. A. Simpson Hinchliffe.
24|
7i
iS
Do.
Capt. C. Staveley.
245
8
171
Do.
Major C. D. Vaughan.
24£
74
194
Do.
G. B. Plumptre.
24
8.4
15
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
24
94
154
Do.
Major C. L. Graham.
24
Si
i3i
Do.
C. D. Kudd.
24
8
14
Do.
Col. Lord Douglas Compton
23a
8
164
Do.
E. McClellan.
Z32
7i
154
Do.
A. F. William.
23
74
114
Do.
Capt. V. C. de Crespigny.
23
74
15
Do.
Bloemfontein Museum.
23
8
124
Do.
R. T. Coryndon.
23
7i
134
Do.
Major B. Horsbrugh.
23
1 71
I4i
Do.
B. J. Fitzherbert.
22|
7*
15
Do.
F. C. Selous.
22j
84
16J
Do.
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
22f
7g
124
Do.
Sir H. J. Goold-Adams.
?i9|
*I34
log
Do.
Dr. W. P. Y. Bainbrigge.
2(1— '12-1
3° I04
294 62
27s 7
274 IO
26| 7
2.6J 84
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
14
Kalahari .
Dr. F. H. H. Guillemard.
174
?
Mr. Justice Hopley.
7
Orange River Colony
Sir Abe Bailey.
ii
Do.
Count E. Iloyos.
n4
Do.
C. S. Mann.
14
?
Major W. Anstruther Gray,
IS
Cape Colony .
1 Circumference.
Grahamstovvn Museum.
i58
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Abyssinian Duiker shot by Mr. J. G. Millais.
The DUIKERBOK (Cephaloplius grimmi).
Putt, Bechuana.
Impunzi, Matabili.
Gwapi, Chinyanja.
Nagi, M'Kua.
Impungi, Swazi and Zulu.
Imputi, Basuto.
Gudda, Hausa.
Mpewo, Waganda.
Nakasha, Chila.
The Cape duiker, or ' diver,' is a southern representative of an
extensive group of, mostly small, antelopes confined to Africa. In all
of these the muzzle is naked ; face - glands of a more or less elon-
gated form are present, as are lateral hoofs ; the tail is of medium
length, the knees have no tufts of long hair, and the females are pro-
vided with four teats. The horns, which are short and straight, are
generally present in both sexes, but are smoother and more slender in
the does than in the bucks ; while in both sexes they are more or
less hidden by a tuft of long hairs growing from the crown of the head.
The upper cheek-teeth have low crowns, with square grinding surfaces,
and the face-glands are arranged to form a bare line of pores on each
side of the muzzle. The present species — the true duikerbok — is
characterised by the horns (absent in the females) inclining upwards
at an obtuse angle to the plane of the profile of the nose. Other
features of the sub-group are the long and pointed ears, the general
yellowish fawn colour, devoid of dark markings, except a brown nose-
streak. The Cape duiker, which measures from 23 to 26 inches at the
shoulder, ranges on the west as far north as Angola, and on the east,
in the shape of local races, to the Shire Highlands, north of which it is
DUIKERBOK
-159
replaced by shorter-eared races akin to the Abyssinian C. g. abyssinicus.
Weight, about 30 lbs. Throughout its habitat the duikerbok is to be
met with wherever sufficient covert exists ; and its furtive, squatting,
dodging habits are most aptly indicated by its name. Occurring
either singly or in pairs, it strictly avoids both open plains and steep,
rocky mountains.
^.-
-CAPE AND ALLIED RACES.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Ti
p. Locality.
Owner.
6| •
2i
2ft
Transvaal .
. Dr. W. Gibson.
H
2|
3i
Do.
Sir Owen Philipps.
Si
H
2|
South Africa
W. A. Simpson Hinchliffe.
sf
2
3i
Do.
. R. McClellan.
51
2-Xr
•"ITT
2^
■'4:
N.W. Rhodesia
Guy Nickalls.
5^
Si
21
21
2§
Selinya, Khama's
country
Cape Colony
F. C. Selous.
Mr. Justice Hopley.
51
2
2i
Delagoa Bay
F. W. Parish.
si
2i
I|
Zululand
. Major L. O. Williams.
5i
2*
If
N.W. Rhodesia
Earl of Kingston.
51
2i
3A
Do.
Col. Lord Douglas Compton.
Si
2^E
2
Do.
. J. C. Phillips.
5k
2
3
S. Rhodesia
. . Capt. N. Livingstone Learmonth
5h
2*
3
S.W. Transvaal
. W. F. Tuthill.
5i
2
2|
Transvaal .
. H. T. and A. H. Glynn.
Si
2ft
2g
Cape Flats .
Capt. W. Jardine.
5
2
If
South Africa
. J. J. B. Saffery.
5
2i
2i
Do.
G. Richards.
5
2|
2i
Do.
. G. B. Plumptre.
5
2i
2i
Do.
F. C. Selous.
5
2i
2i
Angola
C. H. Pemberton.
5
2i
2i
?
C. C. Bowring.
5
2i
2|
Ngamiland .
Mervyn G. Williams.
5
2l
3i
Northern Rhodes
ia . F. Smitheman.
5
2i
Ii
Do.
R. Beaumont.
5
2i
2S
Nyasaland .
. Dr. J. O. Shircore.
i6o
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
Length on
Circum-
front.
ference.
6^
6|
2i
6
2§
6
->3
5s
2?
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Angola
2 4
— 8
S. Africa
i t
Do.
2|
Do.
-4
Do.
21
Do.
2-L
Do.
?4f
Owner.
E. P. Cooper.
C. S. Mann.
Col. J. J. Harrison.
H. Henderson.
Major H. Chamney.
Sir Abe Bailey.
J. Whitaker.
I'. C. Reytel.
£.— ABYSSINIAN (C. grimmi abyssinicus) AND ALLIED GRACES.
Midaku, Abyssinian.
Smaller than the Cape duiker, and agreeing in size and in the
relative shortness of the ears with the crowned duiker [C. g. coronatus),
this race differs from the latter by the general colour of the fur being
greyish brown instead of bright yellow. Allied but larger races occur
in the Kenia and Zomba districts of Eastern Africa, respectively known
as C. g. hindei and C. g. sliirensis.
Distribution. — The highlands of Abyssinia : the East African
specimens mentioned below belong to the allied races.
Owner.
A. de L. Long.
Abel Chapman.
E. B. Home.
Viscount Ennismore.
W. II. Lindsay.
Gerard Buxton.
R. F. C. Tompson.
J. F. Franks.
J. G. Millais.
Major P. M. Dove.]
D. P. MacGillivray.
W. F. Whitehouse.
F. C. Selous.
ength on
front.
Circum
ference.
5i
2*
4i
24
4l
2i
4i
28
Ah
2i
Ah
2
Ah
2i
45
23
-s
4i
2g
4l
2
44
2*
4i
24
A\
25
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
2
E. Africa
Do.
2i
Do.
Ii
Do.
•?3
Do.
15
Do.
2|
Do.
2i
Do.
2i
Do.
2
Sudan
3
Abyssinia .
r|
Do
7
Bahr-el-Ghazal
DUIKERBOK
161
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
4%
2
2
Gallaland .
Lord Hindlip.
4l
2i
Ij
Abyssinia .
. Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
4i
2
If
Do.
. F. Gillett.
4l
2T3<;
I
E. Africa
. E. H. Litchfield.
4i
2*
2|
Do.
K. V. Painter.
4i
2
2i
Do.
Sir Richard Dane.
4h
2§
I*
Do.
. Capt. C. J. Murray.
4k
2g
I*
Do.
Sir J. Hume Campbell, Bart.
4h
2
2
Sudan .
. Col. A. Colville.
C— WESTERN RACES (C. grimmi coronatus and C. g. campbelliae).
A small short-eared race standing about 15 or 16 inches in height,
of a bright yellowish fawn colour, showing a faint tinge of black ; C. g.
campbellics is an allied West African race, with much more dark speckling
in the coat, to which most or all of the following specimens probably
belong. Distribution.— West Africa.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
4tt
2}
4l
2*
4\
2h
41
2i
4i
2|
4l
2?
48
2i
4f
2i
4TT7
2h
4T5
2i
4
2g
4
2
,15
ij
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
2g
N. Nigeria
S. M. Grier.
Do.
Capt. G. C. Kelly.
7
S
Do.
Major E. M. Baker.
2g
Nigeria .
Major J. A. Burdon.
If
Do. .
Major J. B. Cockburn.
2|
Do. .
Capt. W. M. Fowler.
I?
Do. .
G. W. Webster.
ij
Gold Coast
Capt. B. E. Murray.
If
Okutu, S. Borgu .
Major B. R. M. Glossop.
2|
Nigeria .
C. Bryant.
-.1
02
Do. .
Capt. F. Call.
If
Lokoja, Niger
Capt. T. N. Puckle.
II
Portuguese Guinea
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
THE BLACK DUIKER (Cephalophus niger).
Distribution. — Liberia to the Gold Coast.
Length on
front.
3i
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip. Locality.
2 ?
1 1 Gold Coast
Owner.
J. C. Phillips.
Capt. G. Wolfe-Murray.
M
162
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Blue Buck.
The BLUE DUIKER or BLUE BUCK (Cephaloplms monticola).
Ipiti, Zulu.
In the great majority of duikers, that is to say all except those
included in the group mentioned above, the horns, which are generally
present in both sexes, slope backwards either in or just below the line
of the profile of the nose. The present species is included in a sub-
group characterised by the smoky-brown or blackish colouring, and is
especially distinguished by the rufous legs and uniformly coloured rump,
the height at the shoulder being I 3 inches. Weight, about 8 lbs. clean.
Distribution. — Southern Africa, from the wooded districts of Cape
Colony northwards to Benguela on the west, and Nyasaland on
the east.
.4.— TYPICAL RACE.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality,
Owner.
2l
If
ii
Tushila Plain,
B.C.A. .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
2k
If
7
5
?
Sir Owen Philipps.
2lV
ii
If
Nyasaland .
D. D. Lyell.
2
ii
ii
Pondoland .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
2
If
Natal .
F. C. Selous.
2
it
If
Benguela
G. W. Penrice.
2
if
Ii
N. Rhodesia
L. de Fries.
2
if
l5
?
Col. E. St. C. Pemberton.
9i|
if
ii
Nyasaland .
D. D. Lyell.
if
i|
if
Benguela
Hon, Walter Rothschild.
B.-
-SUDANI
RACE (C. monticola
sequatorialis).
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
lh
I3-
Ii
Sudan .
Capt. C. Leigh.
n
I
Uganda
Capt. H. S. Toppin.
DUIKERS i6-
MAXWELL'S DUIKER (Cephalophus maxwelli).
This species belongs to the sub-group characterised by the smoky-
brown or blackish colour. In size it is small (height at shoulder, about
14 inches). The face is coloured like the back; the limbs, like the
body, are greyish brown ; and the rump is not parti-coloured. It was
first brought to England by Col. C. Maxwell, and described by Col.
Hamilton Smith in 1827.
Owner.
Viscount de Thiene.
M. V. Hay.
L. J. Jones.
D. H. M. Boyle.
Major E. M. Baker.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Major E. M. Baker.
The RED or NATAL DUIKER (Cephalophus natalensis).
Rooi-Bosch-bokje, Boer. Msumbi, Swazis and Malonga.
Mkumbi, Zulu. Izikupu, Basuto.
Chisimbi, Lower Zambesi.
This duiker is classed in another sub-group of small or medium-
sized species characterised by the fulvous, rufous, or chestnut ground-
colour ; and is specially distinguished by its small size (height at shoulder,
18 to 19 inches) and completely uniform colouring, having no dark
markings on either the face or body. The horns are short and thick.
Distribution. — Natal, Transvaal, and Mashonaland (including all the
forest and bush country of the East Coast), and perhaps the
Lualwa River district of the Mozambique Province.
Distribution —
-West
Africa, from Ga
Length
front
on
Circum- re-
ference, f
to Tip.
Locality.
21
2|
if
Portuguese Guinea
?1
2*
2i
Do.
-2|
2f
Sierra Leone
2i
*\
I|
Ashanti
2|
2i
2
S. Nigeria .
l|
2i
2
Fanti .
9i|
If
iA
S. Nigeria .
Length on Circum
front. ference
Tip to Tip. Locality. Owner.
-3I 2.| 2 ? Sir Abe Bailey.
~3§ 2| if ? Major H. Chamney.
-3| 3i 3£ Natal C. S. Mann.
3§ z\ z\ Sabi Flats ..... Col. J. J. Harrison.
3J 2§ 2 ? S. Butcher.
- Owner's measurements.
164
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
bengtn on
front.
circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
3
2|
H
?
Col. E. St. C. Pemberton
3
2§
If
Natal . . .
Sir Owen Philipps.
3
is
?
J. H. Leche.
*3
2|
N. Makualand .
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
?2|
ll
I
Foot-hills of Kahlamba
F. Yaughan Kirby.
9 if
I
Near Durban
F. C. Selous.
Owner's measurements.
1 Determination provisional.
The BAY DUIKER (Cephalophus dorsalis).
From the last species the bay duiker, together with some allied
West African forms, differs by the presence of a black stripe running
along the back and continued to the tail. As a species, its special
characters are the dark colour of the buttocks, and the evenly haired
tail, which shows no sign of a tuft, and is white below.
Distribution. — West Africa, from Sierra Leone to the Gold Coast,
being replaced in the Cameruns by C. castaneus.
ength on
front.
Girth.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
ill
ore
2*
2
West Africa .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
3*
J5
31
Cameruns (C. castaneus) .
C. S. Mann.
2I
2i
i£
Sierra Leone .
Major-Gen. P. S. Wilkinson
2i
If
i«
S. Nigeria
Major E. M. Baker.
2h_
2\
ifi
Portuguese Guinea .
C. S. Burnett.
BANDED DUIKER or ZEBRA-ANTELOPE (Cephalophus doriae).
The tiger-like transverse black bands on the orange ground of the
back suffice to distinguish at a glance this pretty little duiker from all
its kindred.
Distribution. — The interior of the West Coast of Africa from Liberia to
Sierra Leone, where it is commonly known as the mountain deer.
Length on Circum- ~ T;
front. ference. ' r
ifi
i|
Locality. Owner.
Liberia . . . British Museum (Dr. J. Biittikofer).
Do. . . . Hon. Walter Rothschild.
DUIKERS
165
Head of Yellow-backed Duiker.
YELLOW- BACKED DUIKER (Cephalophus sylvicultor).
This species, which is the type of the genus, is distinguished from
mpst other duikers by its large size, coupled with its blackish colouring,
and the presence of a yellowish crest on the back and a similarly
coloured longitudinal patch on the rump. Height at shoulder, 34
inches. The N.E. Rhodesian form of the species has been named
C. coxi, and the Ituri yellow-backed duiker has also received a name, but
neither appears entitled to rank even as a distinct race.
Distribution. — The West Coast of Africa from Liberia to Angola, and
thence eastwards through the forest-zone.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
7h
43
4|
N.E. Rhodesia
. E. R. D. Hall.
7
,1
j 2
Sierra Leone
. Major C. E. Palmer.
-61
3
3
N.E. Rhodesia .
. Dr. Albert von Stephani.
61
3t
4i
Fanti .
British Museum.
6g
6|
3*
■j 8
3g
5
Luapulu River, N
Rhodesia
Sierra Leone
. E. G. M. E. Leyer.
. W. St. J. Oswell.
6i
3i
Ashanti
. C. Beddington.
-6|
C. S. Mann.
-?5i(
3 4
-.3
-.3
4i
Congo
Gabun
Do,
. Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
5
3S
44
Angola
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
5
3!
4i
Do.
. G. W. Pemice.
5
3
N.E. Rhodesia
H. Cookson.
5
3
2§
Do.
Earl of Ringston.
Owner's measurements.
i66
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
HARVEY'S DUIKER (Cephalophus harveyi).
This East African species is in size and its dark chestnut -red
colour very similar to the Natal duiker, but with a dark brown or
blackish blaze on the face, and the horns thick at the base and
rough. C. isaaci is an allied species.
Distribution. — East Africa.
Length on
front.
Circum
ference.
4iV
2g
_3s
2
23l
05
3§
2i
3i
2|
3!
Tip to Tip. Locality.
2| Kikuyu Forest .
East Africa
Mau Forest, East Africa
2\ Do.
2g East Africa
2§ Do.
Owner's measurements.
Owner.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Major H. W. A. Christie.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Sir F. J. Jackson.
The late Rear- Admiral
R. A. J. Montgomerie.
Sir J. Hume Campbell, Bart.
1 Cephalophus isaaci.
Length on
front.
LEOPOLD'S DUIKER (Cephalophus leopoldi).
Distribution. — Ituri Forest.
Circum-
ference.
3*
Tip to Tip.
iS
Locality.
Owner.
Uganda
Capt. H. S. Toppin.
RED-FLANKED DUIKER (Cephalophus rufilatus).
Gudda-n Kurimi, Hausa.
This species stands about 14 inches, and is orange-rufous in colour,
with the front of the face, the dorsal stripe, and the tail and limbs
bluish grey, the crest black, the under-parts paler, and the throat whitish.
Distribution. — -West Africa, from Senegambia to Nigeria.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
3l
-,1
J2
If
N. Nigeria
H. de C. Mathews.
3f
2i
2
Do.
R. M. Blackwood.
3i
3
2g
Do.
B. C. B. Tower.
3rV
2l
2g
Gambaga, Gold Coas
British Museum (Capt. W. Giffard)
3§
2|
13
Nigeria
Capt. C. C. West.
3i
Zh
Ig
Portuguese Guinea
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
3i
2*
2
Nigeria
Capt. P. A. Clive.
3
2|
I*
Okutu, S. Borgu
Major B. R. M. Glossop.
2i
2*
2|
Lagos
Capt. W. A. Ross.
2|
2^
i£
N. Nigeria
G. W. Webster.
2a
" -■
2J
If
Lokoja, Nigeria
Major-Gen. P. S. Wilkinson.
25
2i
if
Nigeria
Capt. II. V. Venables Kyrke.
2|
24
li
Do.
W. D. Downes.
2g
2g
ii
Do.
. Dr. M. W. Manuk.
If
1
Ashanti
Capt. B. E. Murray.
BEIRA 167
Head of Beira.
The BEIRA (Dorcotragus melanotis).
Beira or Baira, Somali.
Although at one time classed with the gazelles, this peculiar little
Somali antelope is considered to be best placed in the neighbourhood
of the dik-diks. The beira is characterised by the moderately long
and spike-like horns of the bucks ; but its most striking peculiarity is
the great size of its ears, which led its discoverer, Mr. Menges, to
describe it as a species of klipspringer. Another noticeable feature
is the large size of the rounded hoofs, which are supported on globular
pads. In colour, the upper-parts and legs are greyish fawn, with a
tinge of pink ; a darker band defining the fawn from the white of the
under-parts, which (the white) is continued down the inner surfaces of
the limbs as far as the knees and hocks. The head, from the ears to
the nose, is bright rufous. Height at shoulder, about 23 inches.
Viscount Edmond de Poncins writes that " beira are good hill-
climbers, and keep on rocky ground. The general shape is slender,
the legs are long, the head is kept erect, the ears are very big and
broad, shaped like the dik-dik's, eyes big and dark, nostrils black.
" Colour a sort of greyish blue, a bit like what we call in French
gorge-de- pigeon, and exactly matching the colour of the ground, so,
unless they are on the move, it is difficult to distinguish them. Unlike
a gazelle, the tail is generally kept down. Horns resemble those of
the klipspringer, but curve forward slightly more." From nose to root
of tail, 32^; height at shoulder, 21 inches; horns, 4 inches; weight,
about 20 lbs.
i68
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Distribution. — The interior of Somaliland
Blue Nile. The species appears to be
either singly or in pairs, and inhabitin
first made known to science in I 894
and the upper part of the
rare and local, going about
g the open desert. It was
ength 011
front.
Circum-
ference.
5
If
.1 5
4ts
li
4s1
If
-42
If
-42
If
4§
2
4i
If
4i
2
4i
II
4iV
I|
4
2
4
Z8
-,7
J8
2
->3
If
3i
If
ip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
Somaliland
. J. Rosen.
Do.
Lord Delamere.
If
Do.
Capt. J. H. Brocklehurst.
^ ITT
Northern Somaliland
J. H. II. Doclds.
2|
Do.
R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
2|
Abyssinia
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
2§
Northern Somaliland
F. N. Ransford.
2l
Abyssinia
W. F. Whitehouse.
If
Somaliland .
A. de L. Long.
2§
Do.
Capt. R. A. McClymont.
2TV
French Somaliland
Viscount Edmond de Poncins.
2|
Somaliland
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
2j
Do.
Capt. II. C. Dobbs.
2i
Do.
W. Mure.
2-1
Do.
H. D. Briggs.
2|
Do. .
- Owner's measurements.
P. K. Glazebrook.
Skull and Horns of Beira, from specimen shot by
Major P. II. G. Powell-Cotton.
DIK-DIKS
Head of Salt's Dik-dik.
SALT'S DIK-DIK (Madoqua saltiana).
This species, the Beni Israel of the Arabs, is the typical representa-
tive of a group of tiny, slenderly built antelopes characterised by the
elongated, trunk-like nose, of which the tip is almost entirely hairy, the
tuft of hair on the crown of the head, the short and almost rudiment-
ary tail, and the minute size of the lateral hoofs. In the present
species the last tooth in the lower jaw lacks the third lobe found in
almost all ruminants, the muzzle is but moderately developed, and the
general colour yellowish or fulvous grey, scarcely more rufous on the
sides than on the back. Height at the shoulder, 14 inches.
Distribution. — The Coast Range of Eastern Abyssinia and
adjacent districts.
Length on Gircum- Tip to
front. ference. Tip.
Locality.
J3
2|
24
2§
I'.
If
Abyssinia
I
Do.
14
Do.
I§
Do.
ii
E. Sudan
ii
Abyssinia
North Kassala
i§
?
Owner.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
V. Bell.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
H. Boughton Leigh.
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
Major H. H. S. Morant.
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
Col. Ralph Vivian.
British Museum.
1 Determination provisional.
170
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
tr r -^~
Skull and Horns of Phillips's Dik-dik. Head of Swayne's Dik-dik.
SOMALI DIK-DIKS
A. — Madocrua swaynei, M. phillipsi, and M. [Rhynchotragus] guentheri.
Sakdro, Somali.
Different districts of Somaliland are inhabited by several species of
dik-diks, of which three are named above. The first of these is allied to
Salt's dik-dik but smaller ; it inhabits the northern half of Somaliland.
Phillips's dik-dik, which also occurs in Northern Somaliland, is inter-
mediate in size between Salt's and Swayne's dik-dik, from both of which
it is distinguished by having the back grey and the sides and shoulders
rich rufous or cinnamon. On the other hand, Giinther's dik-dik is
widely different from both, being nearly allied to the undermentioned
Kirk's dik-dik, from which it is distinguished by the form of the nasal
bones in the skull. It inhabits the central plateau of Northern Somali-
land.
Height of Swayne's dik-dik at shoulder, about I 3 inches.
Weight, S 6 lbs. ; 5 5 lbs.
Length on
front.
Girth.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
J3§
If
2
Somaliland
Col. H. D. Olivier
3*.
14
If
Do.
J. Kenneth Foster.
34
li
If
Do.
. W. W. Ashley.
3s
I*
Do.
P. K. Glazebrook.
3h
i£
I \
Do.
Col. C. F. Blane.
x3l
If
Do.
Sir Abe Bailey.
3h
• i&
If
Do.
1 M. guentheri.
P. II. Thomas.
DIK-DIKS
171
Length 1
front.
Girth.
•*5
2^-0
2|
2|
2|
2|
22f
o5
— s
24
2|
2i
If
I*
l|
if
I
II
I*
ii
i±
Tip to Tip.
If
If
ii
1
if
if
i§
if
i*
1
ii
ItV
If
I§
If
Ig
1 M. guentheri.
Locality.
Somaliland
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Abyssinia .
Owner.
A. E. Pease.
Capt. F. L. Livingstone-
Learmonth.
J. H. H. Dodds.
J. H. Miller.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Capt. G. H. Hastings.
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
Lord Delamere.
Lord Hindlip.
Lieut. -Col. E. G. Harrison.
R. E. Drake-Brockman.
T. W. H. Clarke.
A. E. Butter.
C. Liddell.
Major W. Anstruther Gray.
A. de L. Long.
J. C. Monteith.
Capt. A. H. Mosse.
R. Hayne.
M. phillipsi.
The following are the dimensions of a specimen of M. guentheri
shot at Njemps by Sir F. J. Jackson : —
Length, 23 1 Height, 15 J. Horns, 2 J. Weight, 8^ lbs.
B. — M. piacentinii.
:ngth on
front.
Girth.
Tip to Tip. Locality.
Owner.
2T5U
ItV
iTV Somaliland
. British Museum.
ai
If
ii Do. . .
. Hon. Walter Rothschild
172
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
KIRK'S DIK-DIK (Madoqua [Rhynchotragus] kirki).
This dik-dik belongs to a small group of species differing from the
one containing M. saltiana by the presence of three lobes to the last
tooth of the lower jaw, and likewise by the more decidedly trunk-
like character of the muzzle. From the other members of the group
M. damarerisis differs by its superior size, and M. guentheri by the still
greater development of the trunk. They belong to the subgenus
Rhynchotragus. Weight, about 7 lbs.
Distribution. — East Africa, from Southern Somaliland to Ugogo,
most numerous on the coast.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
13
JTF
li
-.3
->3
*i
31
ii
3ttt
i*
-. 1
J4
ii
3i
2
3i
if
3i
ii
31
H
Ii
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
Is
East Africa
J. V. Colby.
I|
Rift Valley .
C. Steuart Betton.
East Africa
The late Prince P. Demidoff.
I|
Do. . .
J. B. Wheelwright.
ii
Do.
F. C. Selous.
2
Do.
Marquis of Tweeddale.
2
Do.
P. Fleming.
iTV
Uganda .
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
Ii
East Africa
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Ii
Do.
K. V. Painter.
2g
Do.
Capt. M. L. Pears.
It
Do.
H. Johnson.
If
Do.
W. P. Lowe.
If
Do.
J. Todd.
2k
Do. • .
Major W. E. Stobavt.
Do.
A. Benitz.
Ii
Do.
G. C. Slacke.
Ig
Do.
G. de P. Colvile.
I|
E. of Lake Chomo .
Lord Hindlip.
If
East Africa
II. Fowler.
i.V
Do.
Sir F. J. Jackson.
Owner's measurements.
1 M. cavendishi.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
If
DIK-DIKS
173
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
ii
East Africa
Capt. R. H. Hermon-Hodge.
if
Do.
Do.
Capt. the Hon. G. II. Douglas
Pennant.
R. de la Huerta.
ii
Do.
Percy C. Madeira.
2
Do.
Gerard Buxton.
2
Do.
S. S. Steele.
If
Do.
Sir F. J. Jackson.
if
Lake Baringo .
1 M. cavendishi.
Rhys Williams.
DAMARA DIK-DIK (Madoqua [Rhynchotragus] damarensis).
Characteristics mentioned under heading of the preceding species.
Distribution. — Damaraland and Angola.
Length on Circum-
front. ference.
4 l|
-3i ii '
Tip to Tip.
ih
-2i
Locality.
?
?
?
Omararu
Do.
Damaraland .
Owner.
Sir Owen Philipps.
P. C. Keytel.
Capt. M. Jurich.
J. B. Wheelwright.
Capt. W. Jardine.
South African Museum.
(Type specimen.)
HEMPRICH'S DIK-DIK (Madoqua hemprichiana).
Further information is desirable as to the claim of this dik-dik to
distinction from M. saltiana.
Length on Circum-
front. ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
ii
Basaland
Hon.
Walter Rothschild.
i.4
Blue Nile .
Capt.
J. A. Pollock.
irV
Abyssinia
- Owner's measurements.
Hon.
Walter Rothschild.
174
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Oribi.
The ORIBI (Oribia scoparia).
Also known as Oribia oribi.
Inla, Swazi and Zulu. Pulukudukamani, Basuto.
Nakafwifwi, Chila. Kamunda, Barotsi and Batoka.
Mazia, Hausa.
The oribis, grysbok, klipspringer, and their allies constitute a group
of comparatively small African antelopes presenting the following char-
acters in common. The muzzle has a naked tip, the head is devoid
of a tuft of hair, large face-glands open beneath the eyes by a small
aperture on each side, the tail is short or moderate, and lateral
hoofs may or may not be retained. Horns are usually present only
in the bucks, and are short, almost or quite straight, with smooth tips
and ridged bases. The upper cheek-teeth have tall and narrow crowns.
The oribis, which are the largest members of the group, have normal
hoofs and hair, and are specially distinguished by the presence of a
bare glandular spot beneath each ear, and of a large opening in the
skull beneath each eye-socket. In the typical species the horns of the
bucks are comparatively smooth and slender, with only their basal two
inches slightly ridged ; there is a black patch on the forehead between
the horns ; and the tail is tufted and moderately bushy, with its terminal
two-thirds black. Height at shoulders, 24 to 26 inches.
Distribution. — Typically, Africa south of the Zambesi. On grassy plains
this graceful little antelope is still plentiful in many districts.
<9i?/5/
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
7A
2A
2i
Angola
. G. W. Penrice.
6|
2§
Near Ladysmith
. Col. P. J. R. Crampton.
6|
21
Ig
N.W. Rhodesia
, P. R. Ramsey.
6i
2i
E. Griqualand .
. British Museum (J. ff. Darling).
6
,1
2i
Spitzkop .
. H. T. and A. H. Glynn.
6
i4
Rhodesia .
. H. H. Williams.
6
2
2§
Angola
. C. H. Pemberton.
6
2
4
N.W. Rhodesia.
. R. E. Critchley-Salmonson.
5i
2
3f
Do.
. T. D. M. Cardeza.
51
2§
34
Do.
. R. C. Wood.
51
2§
2f
Nyasaland .
. J. H. Hayes.
51
2
3i
N.W. Rhodesia .
H. Timmins.
51
2
2i
Do.
. Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
5i
2
2|
Do.
. Lady Sarah Wilson.
5§
2
2|
Bengueolo
F. Smitheman.
c5
38
21
I|
Transvaal .
. F. R. N. Findlay.
51
2
2§
N.W. Rhodesia
. Col. Lord Douglas Compton.
51
2
2|
Do.
Sir Owen Philipps.
54
2
34
Do.
. . Capt. H. T. Lumsden.
54
If
2g
Do.
G. L. Harrison.
54
2
2;
N.E. Rhodesia .
Hon. W. Guinness.
54
2*
2i
N.W. Rhodesia
. Hon. Guy Wilson.
175
74
6i
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
2§ Zomba, Nyasaland . . D. MacAlpine.
if Batoka Plateau . . . E. Folley.
3| ? J. L. Drege.
176
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Abyssinian Oribi. Shot by Lieut. -Col. P. Polovtsoff.
The ABYSSINIAN ORIBI (Oribia montana or 0. coerulea).
Facko and Miivaka, Abyssinian. Mori or Loyik, Dinka.
Very similar in most characters to the typical species, but with a
shorter and less bushy tail, the tip of which has only a few sparse
black hairs. Height at shoulder, 22 to 23 inches. These antelopes
are shy and rarely seen in the open, preferring the thick bush and long
grass. If disturbed, they go at a great pace with their heads quite
close to the ground. The flesh is good.
A male weighing 38 lbs. stood 22^ inches at the shoulder.
Distribution. — Abyssinia and Bogosland, with part of the Sudan.
lgth on
-ont.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
5A
2*
Bahr-el-Ghazal .
Capt. J. L. ¥. Tweedie
Sh
zh.
Bahr-el-Zaraf
E. M. Tabor.
S\
2
I*
Kordofan .
E. A. T. Bayley.
5§
2
2|
Abyssinia .
Sir Abe Bailey.
5^
2
2g
Sudan
Capt. G. Wauhope.
EAST AFRICAN ORIBI
177
EAST AFRICAN ORIBIS (Oribia kenyae, 0. cottoni, etc.)
Several oribis allied to the last have been described from B.E.A. ;
0. kenycB being from Mt. Kenia, and O. cottoni and O. viicrodon from the
Guasin-ffishu Plateau.
Owner.
Lieut. -Col. P. Polovtsoff. (See
illustration, page 176.)
G. P. L. Cosens.
Capt. H. C. S. Ashton.
Col. Max. C. Fleischmann.
G. J. Muir.
H. B. Tate.
C. Bower Ismay.
W. A. Baird.
R. B. Loder.
H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught.
Capt. M. L. Pears.
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
W. N. McMillan.
Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
E. B. Home.
G. de P. Colvile.
Lieut. S. R. Bailey, R.N.
Duke of Medinaceli.
F. C. Selous.
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
A, G. Murray Smith.
Capt. C. Brook.
Sir Richard Dane.
L. L. Biddle.
H. Fowler.
A. de Rothschild.
H. S. Keating.
Sir F. J. Jackson.
Duke of Peneranda.
R. de la Huerta.
H. B. Cox.
C. W. Turner.
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
N
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Loca
ity.
6|
2a
31
E.
Africa .
6|
2l
3
Do. .
61
ai
3i
Near Mount Elgon .
6i
2l
2|
E.
Africa .
6|
2|
2
Near Lake Victoria .
6£
ai
3
E.
Africa
6i
2*
2i
Do.
6|
2
3
Do.
6£
2
2|
Do.
6
2|
2g
Do.
6
2i
21
Do.
6
2i
3i
Do.
6
2
2|
Do.
6
2l «
2*
Do.
5l
2i
2l
Do.
5S
2i
2
Do.
51
2|
2
Do.
Si
If
31
Do.
5*
2
ai
Do.
51
2l
23
^4
Do.
51
2^
2
Do.
51
2i
2^
Do.
51
2
21
Do.
51
3
Do.
51
2i
24
Do.
51
2J
2i
Do.
51
2i
2
Do.
51
21
3i
Do.
51
2|
il
Do.
51
21
Do.
Si
3
Do.
51
3
Do.
51
2|
2g
U
janda
i78
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
A
greyer,
Heieht
The GAMBIAN ORIBI (Oribia nigricaudata).
Bevsia, Hausa.
species very close to the Abyssinian oribi, but of smaller size,
and with a distinct black tip to the tail, as in the Cape species,
at shoulder, 2 1 inches.
Distribution. — The open country of Senegal and Nigeria.
Length on
front.
4i
4l
44
4t<T
4i
44
4
4
4
4
4
31
Circum-
ference.
2i
If
If
I|
If
14
Tip to Tip.
2
2i
2
2
Locality.
Lake Chad
N. Nigeria ,
Nigeria
Do.
Do.
Gold Coast
Nigeria
Do.
Do.
Senegambia
N. Nigeria
Ashanti
Owner.
Capt. S. B. B. Dyer.
Capt. T. N. Puckle.
Capt. G. B. Scott.
F. Dwyer.
Capt. H. V. Bastow.
Capt. B. E. Murray.
Capt. H. A. Porter.
Major J. A. Burdon.
Capt. S. C. Peck.
G. Fenwick Owen.
Major E. M. Baker.
D. H. M. Boyle.
HAGGARD'S ORIBI (Oribia baggardi).
Taya, Swahili. Nsilatso, Uganda.
Distinguished from other oribis by the stouter horns, which are
strongly ridged for rather more than the basal half of their length.
Height at shoulder, about 24 inches.
Distribution. — The coast districts of East Africa in the neighbourhood
of Lamu. Some of the undermentioned specimens may belong to
allied species.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
6|
2*
3
East Africa .
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
6
24
2h
Do.
PI. Twyford.
51
24
2
Tana Valley .
Capt. J. Harington.
5f
2i
2i
54
A
Do.
C. C. Bowring.
54
2i
34
Do.
51
2
2g
Tana Valley .
Capt. Mackenzie Murray
51
2§
East Africa .
. Dr. A. Paget.
lsh
2|
2
East Central Africa
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
lsh
lit
■^8
North end of Lake
Albert . Col. Trevor Ternan.
54
2
3i
East Africa .
. Col. A. Colville.
1 Determination provisional.
sum
179
Head of Suni. Shot bv Mr. F. C. Selous.
The SUNI (Neotragus moschatus).
The elegant little antelopes included in the genus Neotragus are
near relatives of the oribis, from which they are distinguished by
the absence of a naked glandular patch below the ear and the want
of lateral hoofs. They are further characterised by the horns being
directed backwards nearly or quite in the plane of the face, as also
by the large size of the open spaces in the skull in front of the sockets
of the eyes, and the breadth of the nasal bones. In the present species
the horns, although short, project behind the back of the head, are
somewhat elevated above the plane of the forehead, and strongly and
closely ridged, while the colour of the upper parts, inclusive of the tail-
tip, is greyish fawn. Height at shoulder, 13 to 14 inches.
Distribution. — Zanzibar, adjacent islets, and mainland coast from
B.E. Africa, through Kilimanjaro, to Mozambique.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
3i
I*
2
Zanzibar
Sir John Kirk.
3i
I|
ii
Do.
British Museum (Capt. Speke).
3i
ii
ii
Do.
British Museum (Sir John Kirk)
m
ii
if
Kikuyu .
Master of Belhaven.
ol 3
if
if
Do. .
Sir F. J. Jackson.
2|
ii
ii
Near Nairobi .
F. C. Selous. (See illustration.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
3S
i|
if
Zanzibar
Dr. Albert von Stephani.
3§
i|
Do.
F. C. Selous.
i8o
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Livingstone's Suni.
LIVINGSTONE'S SUNI (Neotragus livingstonianus).
Lumswi, Shupanga. Inhlengana, Amatonga.
Distinguished from the preceding species by its slightly superior
dimensions (height at shoulder, 14 to 15 inches), the longer and thicker
horns, more rufous coloration, and the blackish upper surface of the tail.
Two specimens killed by Mr. F. Vaughan Kirby measured —
Male. Female.
8
3i
ins.
Extreme length over all, tip of nose to end of tail 27
Length of tail ......
Perpendicular shoulder-height . . . 14^ „
Girth behind the shoulder . . . . 14^ „
25f
3
*3i
i3|
ins.
Distribution. — South-East Africa, from Mozambique to Zululand ; the
race from Zululand being distinguished as N. livingstonianus
zuluensis.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
4l
If
4§
2h
4t\
4i
li
Tip to Tip. Locality. Owner.
1 1 Zambesia . . . Rowland Ward.
Gungunyana's country British Museum (H. T. Glynn),
ig Inhambani . . Major J. Stevenson-Hamilton.
1 1 Delagoa Bay . . Col. Lord Douglas Compton.
LIVINGSTONE'S SUNI
Length on Circum-
front. ference.
43
4
4
3s7
->3
JI
-.3
J?
ill
JITS
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
I
Delagoa Bay
F. C. Selous.
is
Do.
A. Torre do Valle.
ii
Do.
A. F. Williams.
12
Do.
Sir Owen Philipps.
If
Zambesia .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
ai
Delagoa Bay
W. E. Butcher.
2f\
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
4^
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
2j ? C. S. Mann.
2\ ? Sir Abe Bailey.
ii
Delagoa Bay
F. J. Newnham.
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
>.i£*$.
Skull and Horns of Record Steinbok, the property of Mr. D. Mackintosh.
The STEINBOK (Rhaphiceros campestris).
Isha, Swahili.
Ingaina, Swazi.
Timba, Barotsi and Batoka.
Impulupudi, Basuto.
Phuduhudu, Bechuana.
Umgwena, Matabili.
From the other members of the oribi group the grysbok and its
cousin the steinbok are readily distinguished by the absence of a bare
ear-patch, and by horns rising nearly vertically from the skull, in which
the open spaces below the eye-sockets are unusually small. As
mentioned below, this species is at once distinguished from the
grysbok by the absence of the lateral hoofs and the uniform colour
of the coat. The general tint of the latter is bright sandy rufous,
becoming richer on the head, with a black horseshoe-mark on the crown.
Height at withers, about 22 inches. Weight, about 25 lbs.
Distribution. — Africa south of the Zambesi on the east, and the Cuneni
on the west, the north-east Transvaal race being separated as
R. c. capricoruis, and coming nearer to the Nyasa R. c. nenmanni,
which is paler. Probably owing to its small size, the steinbok has
managed to escape the fate that has befallen so many South African
antelopes. Wherever the traveller journeys on the veldt, he is
STE INBOX
183
almost certain to meet this species, which may be regarded as the
most familiar game-animal of the plains. Like many of its kin-
dred, it is independent of water, and can exist in the heart of the
Kalahari, where water may not occur for fifty miles.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
71
ii
32
Cape Colony .
D. Mackintosh. (See illustration.)
6*
2
2|
?
Sir Owen Philipps.
6
2
2*
N. Transvaal .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
51
if
If
East Africa .
Percy C. Madeira.
5tt
2§
Near Middelburg .
Major E. H. E. Abadie.
51
2
l| '
South Africa .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
25i
iA
Kimberley
F. C. Selous.
5tV
2|
Cape Colony .
British Museum.
08
2
If
East Africa .
E. Gedge.
51
2l
,3
-s
?
G. B. Plumptre.
51
ii
South Africa .
J. B. Neilson.
5i
Ii
2|
Do. ...
Capt. Lord R. Wellesley.
5i
iS
East Africa .
Capt. E. H. Sinkinson.
51
If '
2*
Cape Colony .
E. McClellan.
51
If
IS
East Africa .
F. C. Selous.
51
If
IS
Do.
Mrs. Percy C. Madeira.
?5
Do. ...
1 Killed with hound;
J. G. Millais.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
71
Cape Colony .
C. S. Mann.
6|
Graaf Reinet,
C.C.
American National Collection
51
ii
3
?
Mr. Justice Hopley.
51
if
ii
?
J. Whitaker.
5S
if
*l
?
Major H. Chamney.
51
2
Ii
?
Sir Abe Bailey..
51
if
If
Griqualand, West .
A. F. Williams.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Sharpe's Steinbok.
I
SHARPE'S STEINBOK (Rhaphiceros sharpei).
This species has the white-speckled chestnut coat of a grysbok,
coupled with the feet of a steinbok. The crown of the head has a
crescent-shaped black mark ; and the large ears are very sparsely
haired externally.
Distribution. — Nyasaland and Rhodesia ; represented by a local race,
R. s. colonials, in North-eastern Transvaal and Swaziland.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
2-8-
I|
If
B.C. Africa .
. H. S. Buist.
z?
i/s
Near Tete
. D. D. Lyell.
t5
18
If
N.E. Rhodesia
. Major L. Boyd-Moss.
T 9
Ih
ii
Lower Shire River
Lord William Percy.
ji
2
B.C. Africa .
. R. C. Wood.
T 1
1 2
lh
2h
Do.
Dr. J. 0. Shircore.
lh
i*
lh
N.W. Rhodesia .
Marquis Pizzardi.
H
a
If
N.E. Rhodesia
. Hon. Walter Rothschild
Ik
i%
If
B.C. Africa .
L. Ii. Cripps.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
N.W. Rhodesia . . Dr. A. H. B. Kirkman,
Do. . . C. S. Mann.
GRYSBOK
185
Head of Steinbok.
The GKRYSBOK (Rhaphiceros [Nototragus] melanotis).
Isikupi, Basuto. Kulu, Makua. Timba, Chila.
Grysbok retain the lateral hoofs, which have disappeared in steinbok,
and are further distinguished by the fur showing a large admixture
of white, instead of being uniformly coloured. Height at shoulder,
22 inches. Weight, 24 lbs. The species has been made the type of
a separate genus — Nototragus.
Distribution. — South Africa, extending as far north as Natal
and Mozambique.
ingth on
c
rcum-
front.
fe
rence.
4s
13
\\
If
41
31
if
1 9
If
3i
I*
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
is
Cape Colony.
R. A. Cooper.
2
Do.
. Lieut. -Col. H. J. G. Lloyd.
ii
Do.
Sir Owen Philipps.
II
Knysna, C.C.
Cape Colony .
Commander the Hon. R. 0. B.
Bridgeman, R.N.
F. C. Selous.
If
Knysna
. Sir H. J. Goold-Adams.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
1 J Cape Colony . . .P. C. Keytel.
Caledon, C.C.
South African Museum.
1 36 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Klipspringer.
The KLIPSPRINGER (Oreotragus saltator).
Alaktid, Somali. Klipbok, Boer.
Chipomco, Chilala. Ligoka, Zulu and Swazi.
Chinkomo, Chinyanja. Njereri, Batoka.
Ingululu, Makalaka. Sassa, Abyssinian.
Ikumi, Basuto. Ngombani, Chila.
Not only from the other members of the oribi group, but from
antelopes of all kinds, the agile little klipspringer, or " rock-jumper,"
is distinguished by the peculiar conformation of its hoofs and the
structure of its hair. The former are large, cylindrical, blunt, and so
situated in regard to the rest of the limb that the animal walks on
what corresponds to their tips in other antelopes, the whole hoof thus
rising vertically from the ground. As regards the hair, this may best
be compared with that of the musk-deer, having the same brittle,
pithy structure. Lateral hoofs are retained ; the tail is reduced to a
mere rudimentary stump ; and the horns of the bucks rise nearly
vertically from the head, with a slight forward curvature, and are
ringed for their basal third. The hairs are olive-grey tipped with
golden yellow, thus giving the characteristic speckled hue to the
coat. Height at shoulder, from about 20 to 22 inches.
Distribution. — Mountainous and rocky districts in South and East
Africa, from the Cape northwards to Nigeria in the west and
Abyssinia in the east. The species has been divided into several
local races of which the typical southern one has relatively short
ears, with little black on them. In the East African O. s. schillingsi
the females carry horns ; the Nigerian race is O. s. porteousi.
KLIPSPRINGER
187
Length on
front.
Circum
ference
s*t
2i
,-1
32
2|
5i
2
5i
2j
54
2
4l
if
4S
2
4S
4s
4*
44
44
44
44
44
44
4/0
4f
4l
4i
4§
4l
44
44
44
4
94
3§
3J
ii 1
6tg
9 3*
2i
2*
24
ii
2*
2
24
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
I|
N.E. Rhodesia
x8
P.E. Africa . .
24
N.E. Rhodesia ' .
2±
Swaziland
2i
Lebombo Mts.
2§
East Africa .
24
Nyasaland
24
Rhodesia
24
East Africa .
2H
Witberg, Cape Colony .
23
N.E. Rhodesia
24
?
If
S. Rhodesia .
34
East Africa .
2g
Do. . . .
24
B.C. Africa .
24
E. Mashonaland .
2i
Matabililand
2±
N.E. Rhodesia
^8
East Africa .
24
Do. ...
2
Somaliland .
2§
Do. . . .
2i
Do. .
If
North Nyasaland .
2
Sudan :
24
East Africa .
24
Abyssinia
24
Do. . . .
2§
N. Nigeria .
2
East Africa .
P. M. Stewart.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Dr. F. O. Stoehr.
C. H. Taylor.
R. T. Coryndon.
Capt. W. B. Brook.
J. Stewart Wells.
Col. Lord Douglas Compton.
Capt. J. N. Price Wood.
H. A. Bryden.
Major L. Boyd- Moss.
Capt. J. Harington.
Major L. Williams.
E. Gedge.
Sir Owen Philipps.
E. Homer.
F. C. Selous.
Hon. R. A. Ward.
H. Cookson.
W. H. Levy.
G. B. Blackwell.
Capt. C. Steele.
Capt. R. A. McClymont.
A. de L. Long.
James Yule.
Major PI. H. S. Morant.
Capt. R. Hall.
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
J. H. Miller.
British Museum (Dr. E. J.
Porteous).
Stephenson R. Clarke.
51
?4l
24
2
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
3 Transvaal . . . C. S. Mann.
il
East Africa
Capt. R. S. Hart.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Frontlet and Horns of Waterbuck.
The WATERBUCK (Cobus ellipsiprymnus).
Chuzu, Chilala and Chizenga.
Kring-gaat, Boer.
Li Tumogha, Matabili.
Mukulo, Chila.
M 'dongoma or Matutwi, Barotsi.
Kuru, Swahili.
Tumoga, Bechuana.
Na'Toro, M'Kua.
The waterbucks and their smaller allies the kobs, together with the
reedbucks and vaal rhebok, constitute a well-defined group of large or
medium-sized African antelopes presenting the following characteristics.
They have the muzzle naked, rudimentary face-glands, a moderately
long tail, well-developed lateral hoofs, and the horns confined to the
bucks. In shape and size the horns are variable, being either long or
medium, but never spirally twisted, and always with smooth tips, below
which they are ridged ; usually they are at first inclined somewhat
backwards, after which they are curved upwards and more or less for-
wards, although they may have a sinuous curvature, and in the vaal
rhebok are straight. The upper cheek-teeth are tall and narrow. In the
waterbucks and kobs, which include the largest representatives of the
WATERBUCK 189
group, there are no naked patches on the head below the ears, the tail
is comparatively long, with a slight terminal tuft, and the lateral hoofs
are large. A characteristic feature of the skull is the presence of a
deep hollow in the forehead. From its allies the true or common
waterbuck is recognisable at a glance by the elliptical white ring on the
buttocks, which extends downwards to the thighs. Height at shoulder,
from 48 to 53 inches. Weight, about 360 lbs. clean.
Distribution. — Africa north of the Limpopo along the eastern coast
region as far as the Shebeyli River in Somaliland ; thus including
Nyasaland and British and German East Africa. Its present strong-
holds are the districts between the Sabi and Zambesi, the affluents
of the latter, and the Chobi, Okavango, and other rivers above
Lake Ngami ; it occurs locally in Mozambique and Portuguese
Amatongaland ; but in Barotsiland, N. W. Rhodesia, it is stated to
be replaced by the defassa. White waterbuck, with eyes of normal
colour, occur on the Guasu - nyero, near the Lorian swamp,
B.E. Africa. Numerous local races have been named.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
36^
8|
2o£
Delagoa Bay .
American National Collection.
35
9l
i6|
Sabi River
Major J. Stevenson Hamilton.
JJ2
9i
2I2
S.E. Africa
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
33
8!
22§
Nyasaland
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
33
91
IlJ
Mashonaland .
British Museum (F. C. Selous).
33
8|
24
Do.
. J. G. Millais.
32|
9S
2l|
South Africa .
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
32|
8|
25i
N. Transvaal .
Major F. W. Jarvis.
32i
9h
29h
N.W. Rhodesia
R. T. Coryndon.
32
10
2.2.h
Rhodesia
Val Gielgud.
3if
9i
24
Zululand
Major L. O. Williams.
3if
11
i8|
N.W. Rhodesia
. J. H. Leche.
3if
3i*
81
9i
22^
I3i
P.E. Africa .
Do.
British Museum (the late Rowland
Ward).
J. Pinto Leite.
3ii
9
23i
Do.
Sir Owen Philipps.
3i±
9
16
East Africa
A. Saunderson.
3H
IO|
13I
Pungwe .
Earl of Dunmore.
3iJ
98
i9i
South Africa .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
190
RECORDS OF
BIG GAME
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
31
9*
22
Zululand
R. D. Talbot.
31
9*
15
Rhodesia
. A. W. Griffin.
31
8f
32
Zambesia
R. H. Storey.
31
9i
22
Mashonaland .
. F. C. Selous.
3°T
9i
27
E. C. Africa
C. E. Dashwood.
30|
9±
24i
Ngamiland
Mervyn G. Williams.
30|
8
23i
Pungwe .
Col. Lord Douglas Compton
3U4
8i
24^
Do. .
. J. C. Phillips.
3°i
8|
25
Nyasaland
S. Robins.
29I
9
i5i
Rhodesia
C. W. Adams.
29I
8|
25
East Africa
. J. Giffard.
29
9
10
P.E. Africa .
R. Elliott-Cooper.
29
81
324
Do.
Rhys Williams.
29
9i
26
East Africa
E. Gedge.
29
9
23I
S.E. Africa
R. E. Critchley-Salmonson.
29
9i
i6|
East Africa
. Col. W. H. Williams.
28!
8*
23
Lake Baringo .
H. Hyde-Baker.
28|
8i-
8i
P.E. Africa .
Capt. R. A. McClymont.
28I
ioi
i3i
Rhodesia
Dr. Sauer.
281
io|
22J
Do.
W. Harcourt Webb.
28!
10
i5i
S.E. Africa .
. H. W. Elliott.
284
9i
20|
N.E. Rhodesia
F. H. Melland.
28J
9l
IO
East Africa
G. de P. Colvile.
27I
8
18
Somaliland
A. E. Butter.
27
8|
2li
Gallaland
Ivor Buxton.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
36f
39
?
C. S. Mann.
35i
9
14
?
Mr. Justice Hopley.
34^
33
83
17}
Limpopo Valley,
Africa
Do.
S.E.
H. T. and A. H. Glynn
A. Ohlsson.
3*i
H
2I|
North of Pungwe
Count E. Hoyos.
3i*
9
17
?
Sir Abe Bailey.
DEFASSA
191
Skull and Horns of Defassa Waterbuck, in the Tervueren Museum.
The DEFASSA or SING- SING WATERBUCK (Cobus defassa).
Defassa, Abyssinian.
Gururnes, Galla.
Nsama, Waganda.
Pz'or, Dinka.
Katambur, Sudani.
Kuril, Swahili.
Distinguished from the typical waterbuck by the general presence
of a large white patch on the lower part of the buttocks, instead of a
white elliptical ring extending higher up. Several local races of this
species have been named. Among these, the West African or sing-sing
(C. d. unctuosus), of Senegal, Nigeria, etc., is characterised by its rufous
colour and the small amount of white in the region of the eye ;
Crawshay's defassa (C. d. crawsJiayi), from Nyasaland, has a dusky
coloration and shorter horns ; while in the Angola defassa (C. d.
penricei), from the interior of Benguela, Angola, the general colour is so
dark as to appear almost black at a distance. Then follows the typical
Abyssinian defassa {C. d. typicus), from Western Abyssinia, but generally
stated to extend through Sennar, Kordofan, and the valley of the White
192
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Nile to British and German East Africa. The ears are longer and more
pointed, and there is more white in the region of the eye than in the
preceding races ; the general colour being brownish rufous. Nearly
allied are C. d. matschiei of Lake Abaya and C. d. ugandce, of Uganda ;
the latter characterised by its bright rufous colour, especially on the fore-
head, and having the finest horns of all. Many other names have been
given to local forms.
^.—ABYSSINIAN DEFASSA (C. defassa typicus).1
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
34*
8*
18
White Nile
i G. W. Egerton.
-33*
Bahr-el-Ghazal .
. A. L. Butler.
-334
84
324
G.E. Africa
. S. E. White.
33i
8*
254
Sudan
. Capt. C. E. Hills.
33*
84
193
Pibor River
Capt. H. V. Venables Kyrke
33
8
17
Sudan
Lord Desborough.
33
9
314
East Africa
■ J- Ja>T White.
S3
22
Do.
Hon. H. Brougham.
32|
H
21*
Sudan
N. C. Cockburn.
3zh
Si
18*
Bahr-el-Ghazal .
. R. Colville.
32i
9
i8|
Do.
Capt. E. P. Blencowe.
32*
8|
25S
Do.
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
3 22
84
18
Sudan
. Major P. M. Dove.
32*
8|
20*
Do.
A. J. Grieve.
32i
8|
3°
East Africa
. Baron M. de Rothschild.
32i
8S
24f
Dinder Valley .
. C. E. Russell.
32*
9*
I7S
Abyssinia Border
. Capt. J. A. Pollock.
32*
8
204
Sudan
Lieut. -Gen. Sir B. T. Mahon
32
9
224
Bahr-el-Ghazal .
Lieut. -Col. G. Christian.
32
9
20
Sudan
Major C. S. Cumberland.
32
9
26|
Do. .
. C. E. Oakley.
31!
8S
164
Do. . . .
. Capt. J. P. V. Hawksley.
3i*
8
15*
Do. . . .
F. W. Greswolde-Williams.
3*1
8
20|
Do. . . .
. S. H. Whitbread.
3i*
10*
22|
East Africa
. E. H. Litchfield.
3i*
91
"3
Do.
Major G. A. Swinton Home.
3i*
7*
24
Sudan
Capt. E. C. Hamilton.
3i
9
20
East Africa
B. Dominick.
3i
84
174
Sudan
Earl of Kingston.
3i
84
I4l
Do. . . .
. Lieut. -Col. J. W. Yardley.
31
9i
184
East Africa
. N. E. F. Corbet.
3°i
84
34
Sudan
. W. F. Wailes-Fairbairn.
3°!
94
15
Do. . . .
. E. M. Tabor.
- Owner's measurements.
1 Inclusive of the large number of local forms named by Dr. Matschie.
DEFASSA
i93
lgth on
-ont.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
3°3
II
284
East Africa
3°i
IO
I2|
Do.
3°3
10J
20f
Do.
3°i
84
24
Dinder Valley
3o|
8|
20
Sudan
30!
8|
21
?
3°i
10
16
East Africa
3°i
8|
174
Sudan
305
83
94
Do.
30^
9i
IS*
Do.
30i
8f
25
East Africa
30I
9g
16
Do.
30i
9i
143
Do.
3°4
8i
194
Sudan
3oi
8J
28J
Do.
3°£
8
184
Do.
3oi
8
194
Do.
3°i
10
213
East Africa
3°i
91
13I
Do.
3°1
9l
124
Do.
3°
8i
iS
Sudan
30
84
304
Do.
3°
84
21
Do.
30
8|
16
Do.
30
9 '
12
East Africa
30
ioi
15
Do.
30
94
18
Do.
30
8
ioi
Do.
30
81
21*
Sudan
3°
93
12
Do.
29I
94
I44
East Africa
2,9!
9*
20|
Do.
29I
84
214
Do.
29S
83
1 51
Sudan
29!
83
18
Do.
293
Si
12
Do.
29!
83
163
Do.
29i
H
214
Do.
29?
91
23±
Do.
294
83
17
Do.
294
8|
i8g
Do.
29i
94
i8|
Do.
294
10
20
East Africa
294
9
194
Do.
29h
83
15
Do.
294
10
154
Do.
Owner.
W. N. McMillan.
Duke of Alba.
H. Sampson.
Lord Villiers.
Capt. Lord R. Innes-Ker.
N. E. Waterfield.
H. G. Watson.
W. D. Roberts.
N. Macklin.
Major F. F. Carroll.
Earl of Warwick.
Capt. H. C. S. Ashton.
J. G. Millais.
Major R. M. Sanders.
R. H. Willan.
Col. A. Colville.
W. Mure.
Gerard Buxton.
Capt. R. Clemm.
G. P. L. Cosens.
R. McD. Hawker.
Capt. O. C. Downes.
Capt. G. S. Nickerson.
Capt. H. Craufurd.
Duke of Medinaceli.
R. B. Loder.
Sutton Timmis.
H. Fowler.
C. C. Branch.
W. R. Rhinelander Stewart.
S. S. Steel.
A. G. Murray Smith.
F. C. Havemeyer.
Major A. J. B. Percival.
Capt. E. S. Stephenson.
G. Munn.
C. A. Munn.
Capt. R. F. Balfour.
W. H. Lindsay.
Capt. C. Leigh.
Capt. the Hon. M. P. Macnaghten.
Capt. J. G. A. Massy.
O. Mosley.
G. P. Gough.
W. Sewall.
Capt. M. L. Pears.
O
194
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
ngth on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
29!
9
i7i
29h
9i
19I
29h
9
22
29J
8
21
29i
7S
33
29i
8*
r6|
29i
9i
24
29i
9§
19
29i
S
I0§
29i
9
2I|
29i
82
231
29i
9
17
29i
9
i9i
29i
94
ill
Locality
Owner.
East Africa
A. Vonwiller.
Do.
. G. de P. Colvile.
Sudan
. Major C. P. B. Wood.
Do.
C. R. Gurney.
Do.
Major the Hon. H. Fraser
Do.
. F. L. Slade.
Do.
Capt. P. M. Larken.
Do.
Norman B. Smith.
Do.
. H. W. Thornton.
Do.
A. Robinson.
Do.
. C. D. Eyre.
East Africa
Sir Kenneth Crossley.
Do.
Viscount Ennismore.
Do.
Sir H. Seton Karr.
B.— UGANDA DEFASSA (C. defassa ugandse).
,ength on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
37i
36!
8|
9l
25l
36
Kivu District . . . Tervueren Museum. (See illus-
tration. )
Nr. Lake Albert Edward . A. F. R. Wollaston.
36|
9
20J
Do.
F. A. Knowles.
36S
H
19!
Semliki Valley .
Duke of Peneranda.
335i
10 J
22|
Uganda
Major de Courcy Ireland.
35
9i
29|
Lake George
. Col. C. F. Blane.
34l
9*
22j
Do.
. Dr. H. B. Owen.
34 1
9i
35i
Semliki Valley .
The late G. G. Longden.
34i
8f
27
Uganda
British Museum (Sir F. J. Jackson).
34i
10&
i8J
Edward Nyanza .
. Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
34i
10
32
Uganda
Capt. R. H. Leeke.
34i
IO^
23^
Semliki Valley .
Hon. G. Legge.
34i
9i
3ii
Uganda
Douglas M'Douall.
34^
338
8|
8i
20J
27I
Toru, Uganda
Do.
. British Museum (Sir H. H.
Johnston).
Sir F. J. Jackson.
33i
9i
17
Lado .
. Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
33i
10
29I
Semliki Valley .
G. Blaine.
33i
9
i9i
Uganda
E. Canaple.
33i
9h
22|
Do.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
32l
9
i8|
Do.
H. Twyford.
32I
H
27S
Semliki Valley .
. Col. R. Bright.
32i
10 j
18
E. Congo .
. Hon. M. W. Elphinstone.
32£
9
194
Edward Nyanza .
. Mrs. P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
32
9i
22
Semliki Valley
R. de la Huerta.
3i|
9
21
Do.
. Major R. A. Markham.
3i4
10
26J
Do.
D. Carruthers.
3ii
91
21
Gondokoro
Major A. W. Jennings Bramly.
1 In collection of Sir Hy. E
M. James.
DEFASSA
i95
C— RHODESIAN DEFASSA (0. defassa crawshayi).
Idcitivi, Barotsi.
Ingonduma, Matoko.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
29
9
22
Lake Mweru
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
271
8i
20
N.W. Rhodesia
Capt. C. G. Leslie.
27i
7%
I2j
N.E. Rhodesia .
G. Sandeman.
274
9
12
Do.
. P. M. Stewart.
27i
8
i6|
Lake Mweru
. K. C. North.
27
9i
i7i
Do.
. Capt. H. E. Hambro.
27
9l
12
N.W. Rhodesia
Capt. J. F. Laycock.
27
81
i7fi
N.E. Rhodesia .
. W. A. Conduitt.
?6|
Si
13I
Do.
. Capt. L. E. H. Molyneux-Seel
26|
9
I3i
Nyasaland
. L. H. Cripps.
26|
9
i5i
N.E. Rhodesia .
. Major L. Boyd-Moss.
Z>. —WESTERN DEFASSA, or SING -SING (0. defassa unctuosus).
Dadoko and Gwombaza, Hausa. Sing-sing, Gambian.
Height at shoulder, 47 to 48 ins.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
311
29f
292
io£
71 '
I9l
2I|
23
Sierra Leone
N. Nigeria
Nigeria
C. Cary Barnard.
. Capt. N. K. Street.
. Maj.-Gen. P. S. Wilkinson.
29i
28£
281
.8i
H
8
174
i9i
i8|
Do.
Do.
Do.
R. Marmon.
Capt. A. C. Aubin.
. Capt. H. T. G. Moore.
28
8
i7i
Sierra Leone
Major W. Gillman.
27S
8
15
Gambia
. H. North.
278
27i
Si
7h
i7i
12
Nigeria
Do. . . .
. W. F. Gowers.
Lady Constance Stewart Richardson
27
26|
8
8
141
1 74
Do.
Senegambia
. Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
G. Fenwick Owen.
26^
26
7
7h
191
i9i
Gold Coast
Nigeria
. Capt. P. J. Mackesy.
. Major E. M. Baker.
£".— ANGOLA DEFASSA (0. defassa penricei).
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
29
28|
25i
24i
8|
71
Sf
8
i8i
IO|
9i
28i
8|
20
28J
Si
"4
Locality.
Owner.
Benguela . . . . G. W. Penrice.
Do. .... Major Boyd A. Cuninghame.
Do W. C. Neilson.
Do Hon. Walter Rothschild.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS
Benguela . . . . E. P. Cooper.
Do A. Ohlsson.
196
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head and Fore-quarters of Lechwe. From a photograph by
Mr. Poulett-Weatherley.
The LECHWE (Cobus [Onotragus] leche).
Umbundu, Angola.
Lechivi, Barotsi and Ngami.
Mumembi (male), Ngia (female),
Chilala and Chibisa.
Lechi or Li-gwi, Makololo.
Ijiya, Masubia.
Unya, Makuba.
Bainanja, Mushu Kulumbwi.
Naz/ij'a, Chi la.
In this antelope the horns are relatively long, considerably exceed-
ing twice the length of the head, and show a tendency to a double
curvature ; the front of the fore-legs is black, and the hair is long and
coarse. Height at shoulder, 40 or 41 inches.
Like the puku, this antelope was discovered by Livingstone and his
companions Oswell and Murray during their journey to Lake Ngami
in 1849. In point of size it approximates to the true waterbucks.
LECHWE 197
The general colour is fulvous, of a lighter tint than in the Uganda
kob.
Seldom found very far from water, this antelope is most abundant
in the lagoons and swamps formed by the annual rising of the Upper
Zambesi, the Botletli, Chobi, Tamulakan, and other rivers of the interior,
in localities where the surrounding flats are inundated for some part of
the year. Lechwe seldom venture into the deep rivers from fear of the
crocodiles, but frequent the reed-beds, shallow lagoons, and flooded
flats, and in the less accessible regions frequently occur in vast herds.
Excellent swimmers they progress by a succession of splashing bounds
at great speed through the lagoons and shallows. They are extremely
tenacious of life.
Distribution. — Zambesia, Barotsiland, and Nyasaland.
:ngth on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
34i
H
I4§
N.W. Rhodesia .
0. C. Bevan.
33
9
i9i
Do.
Major G. A. Swinton Home.
33
85
26
Do.
. Major P. G. A. Cox.
32i
8
29i
Do.
. R. C. Wood.
32i
7S
i9|
Do.
G. L. Harrison.
32^
«4
1 Si
Do.
Earl of Kingston.
32i
9k
26i
Do.
C. M. Rolker.
3ii
8
22
Do.
Hon. Guy Wilson.
3ii
7
18
Do.
Col. C. Harding.
3ii
8
I9l
Do.
. Capt. A. Willis.
3ii
8|
2ll
Do.
Major G. J. Fitzgerald.
3ii
s§
24i
Do.
. Capt. F. W. Reichwald.
3ii
8J
22^
Do.
. Capt. F. 0. Grenfell.
3i
8
i8i
Do.
A. de L. Long.
3i
H
23i
Do.
W. H. Rawnsley.
3i
8|
13
Do.
P. K. Glazebrook.
3°S
8
25i
Do.
. G. de P. Colvile.
305
8
r8|
Do.
. Lieut. -Col. R. W. R. Barnes.
3°i
7i
251
Do.
. H. M. P. Hewett.
30f
H
i9i
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
3°i
8
20|
Do.
. Capt. R. A. McClymont.
3°i
8i
21*
Do.
. G. F. Watherston.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
;ngth on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
3°i
8
19}
N.W. Rhodesia
3°
8
25S
Do.
3°
Si
20i
Nyasaland .
29!
8i
iSf
N.W. Rhodesia .
29I
8
20|
Do.
29I
8i
i7i
Do.
295
71
I5l
Do.
291
8i
20|
Do.
29
8
i9i
Do.
29
8
i6i
Do.
28|
8
28J
Do.
28|
71
12^
Do.
28|
8
18
Do.
28|
§i
16
Do.
28|
7i
21
Do.
28|
8
28
Do.
28S
Si
26|
Do.
28J
6i
18
Do.
28J
8
. 171
Do.
28
74
i7i
Do.
27I
8
6
Ngamiland .
27i
7h
14I
Do. .
27i
1 of
I9s
Chobi Valley
27h
8
2oJ
N.W. Rhodesia .
271
8
i7i
Chobi Valley
27i
Si
12
Do.
Owner.
Capt. Viscount Bury.
. V. F. Bishop.
. J. H. Hayes.
Capt. G. M. Lumsden.
Duke of Westminster.
. B. Ryan.
. Sir J. Walton, Bart.
Major J. Carden.
. P. B. Vander Byl.
Col. Lord Douglas Compton.
R. T. Coryndon.
. H. H. Williams.
. Capt. P. R. Bald.
. T. D. M. Cardeza.
Capt. the Hon. G. H. Douglas-
Pennant.
Capt. J. F. Laycock.
Hon. Mrs. Guy Wilson.
Dr. Russell.
R. D. Waterhouse.
R. Beaumont.
A. G. Stigand.
. F. T. Garbutt.
British Museum (F. C. Selous).
Lord H. Seymour.
R. Campbell Heathcote.
Capt. C. G. Leslie.
34it
33i
33i
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
17 N.W. Rhodesia . . A. Faulkener.
26ij
27
Lake Bangweolo
N.W. Rhodesia .
Poulett- Weather ley.
Major W. Q. Winwood.
In the Field of September 17, 1910 (vol. cxvi. p. 551), Mr. H. W.
Martin states that he once came across a herd of white lechwe with
black points, of which one was killed, but the skin subsequently lost.
The locality is not mentioned.
BLACK LECH WE
199
Head of Black Lechwe.
The BLACK LECHWE (Cobus [Onotragus] smithemani).
Nearly allied to the last, of which it may be only a local race, but
the upper-parts of adult males blackish brown, and the horns with a
more distinct double curvature.
Distribution. — Lake Mweru district, and thence to Lake Bangweolo,
North-east Rhodesia. A North Rhodesian black lechwe has been
separated as C. robertsi.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
29!
71
19
N.E. Rhodesia .
J. E. Hughes.
25i
7
I9l
Do.
P. M. Stewart.
-24s
7i
15
Do.
C. S. Mann.
244
7
I41
Lake Bangweolo .
Claude Francis.
23I
1\
20|
Do.
Earl of Kingston.
232
7k
I2§
Do.
Major L. Boyd-Moss.
23 2
71
I3i
Do.
Capt. S. H. Christy.
232
6|
22|
Do.
J. Turner.
23i
7i
Il|
Do.
Hon. W. Guinness.
23?
7
I3l
Do.
W. A. Conduitt.
23i
Si
US
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild
23?
6£
17
Do.
P. K. Glazebrook.
22|
6§
1 31
N.E. Rhodesia .
R. Hayne.
22|
7l
i7i
Do.
A. de L. Long.
22f
6|
«i
Do.
G. F. Watherston.
22|
61
1 Si
Do.
F. H. Melland.
22
7
16
Do.
Capt. J. Harington.
22
7h
"1
Do.
O. L. Beringer.
Owner's measurements.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Mrs. Gray's Lech we.
MRS. GRAY'S LECHWE (Cobus [Onotragus] maria).
This handsome species is distinguished by the long, slender, doubly
curved horns, ridged nearly to the tips, and the blackish brown body-
colour of the old bucks ; the dark colour being relieved by a whitish
patch in front of the withers, the yellowish white ears, a yellowish
white patch in front of and behind each eye, and the yellowish muzzle,
chin, and lower part of the throat. The limbs and much of the under-
pays are wholly dark-coloured. Coat long and rough. Height at
shoulder, about 38 inches. Young males and females of all ages are
chestnut-coloured.
It seems not improbable that Mrs. Gray's lechwe is the supreme
development of the lechwe stock (with which it agrees in its long,
rough coat) ; thus occupying a position analogous to that held by the
white-eared kob as compared with Buffon's kob. The black lechwe
forms in some respect a connecting link between the true lechwe and
MRS. GRAY'S LECH WE 201
the present animal, in which the extreme blackness is doubtless due to
the hot, moist climate of the Bahr-el-Ghazal.
Distribution. — The swamps bordering the White Nile and its
tributaries.
^ength on
front.
Circum
ference
34*
63
-33i
32I
6*
-32§
32i
n
32
63
311
6i
-3ii
7i
3i4
6|
31
7h
3i
H
3°i
7
3°i.
7
3°i
-
1P\
7
30
7
30
H
29S
65
29S
7f
29I
6i
29s
7i
29i
7i
293
72
29i
7i
*9i
7
29|
6§
29
71
29
7
29
7
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
24
Sudan
Do. .
18
Do. . . .
Do. . . .
i6£
Do. .
Near Junction of Bahr-
el-Gebel and White
Nile
194
?
i8i
Bahr-el-Ghazal .
n|
Do.
194
Sobat-Pibor District
214
?
21*
Bahr-el-Ghazal .
14
Do.
9
Do.
Ml
Bahr-el-Zaref
142
Do.
14*
Do.
ioi
White Nile
i/l
Do.
12
Do.
16
Do.
i9i
Do.
Do.
i7i
Sudan
20|
Do.
I2§
Do.
I2|
Do.
16
Tonga Island, White
Nile
24i
Sudan
Owner.
J. C. Phillips.
Lieut. W. Scott-Hill, R.N.
Col. A. Colville.
C. S. Mann.
Sir Abe Bailey.
Major H. N. Dunn.
R. H. Willan.
Sir W. Garstin.
Norman B. Smith.
Capt. J. A. Pollock.
Col. J. J. Asser.
Capt. A. H. Vivian.
Capt. H. Gordon.
R. A. Colvin.
Capt. C. E. Hills.
Major W. H. Drake.
H. St. C. Garrood.
Major P. M. Dove.
Countess of Sefton.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
C. H. Goschen.
Major A. W. Jennings Bramly.
N. C. Cockburn.
Capt. C. Hankey.
Duke of Alba.
G. L. Wingrield.
Col. E. G. T. Bainbridge.
Col. W. Hayes-Sadler.
G. W. Egerton.
- Owner's measurements.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Western Kob. Shot by Lady Constance Stewart Richardson
in Nigeria.
THE KOB (Cobus [Adenota] cob).
Maria^ Hausa.
There is little doubt of the existence of a more or less complete
gradation from the wholly fulvous typical or Buffon's kob to the
white-eared kob, in which the general colour of old bucks is blackish
brown. The simpler form and smaller size of the horns affords a
sufficient distinction from C. maria.
Distribution. — The Forest Zone and Swamps of the White Nile.
.4.— WESTERN RACES (C. cob typicus), etc.1
This race has the back of the ears rufous like the body : the horns
are less than twice the length of the head, the hair is short, and the front
of the fore-legs black. The approximate height at the shoulder is
from 32 to 35 inches.
Distribution. — Gambia to Nigeria and Lake Chad district.
1 Several allied races have been described from the Lake Chad (Shari) district, which are included under the
present heading.
KOB
203
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
22^
7
"I
N. Nigeria
22§
/s
71
Do.
22
6|
u|
Do.
2I|
71
10
Do.
2li
74
94
Do.
21
64
84
Do.
21
6
144
Do.
20|
64
93
French Congo
20^
6|
104
Nigeria .
20j
7i
10
Lake Chad
-20\
7
74
Nigeria .
20|
6*
124
Do. .
20
7
7
Do. .
20
7
73
Do. .
20
6fi
63
Lake Chad
20
7i
144
Do.
20
7
104
Nigeria .
19!
7
34
Do. .
I9l
71
9
Lake Chad
I9|
6i
74
Nigeria .
19!
64
8
Do. .
I9i
64,
64
Do. .
194
6
14!
N. Nigeria
i9i
64
54
S. Nigeria
I9±
7
85.
N. Nigeria
I9i
6
ii4
Do.
i94
64
64
Do.
i9i
63
13
Lake Chad
I9i
6|
II
N. Nigeria
19
6|
134
Lake Chad
19
64
II
Do.
19
6£
83
Nigeria .
19
64
93
Do. .
i8£
6
5l
Gambia .
i7l
53
64
S. Nigeria
174
64
iof
Sierra Leone .
i7i
6
8|
Portuguese Guinea .
i6|
6
log
Sierra Leone .
i6g
64
91
Portuguese Guinea .
i5i
6
73
Senegambia
15
54
53
Gold Coast
Owner.
Major E. M. Baker.
Capt. G. Bonham-Carter.
E. H. M. Bennett.
J. Goold Adams.
Capt. L. C. Brodie.
Dr. C. W. O'Keefe.
Lady Constance Stewart Richardson.
W. S. Race.
Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
Capt. L. C. Jackson.
Capt. P. Chapman.
Capt. A. B. Baillie-Hamilton.
W. F. Gowers.
Sir E. Stewart Richardson, Bart.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Major J. B. Cockburn.
C. S. Burnett.
Major Lord J. S. Cavendish.
Maj.-Gen. T. L. N. Morland.
Major A. H. Festing.
Major T. Astley Cubitt.
Capt. R. W. Fox.
L. C. Murray.
Capt. W. V. Nugent.
C. S. Mann.
Dr. G. J. Pirie.
Capt. F. E. Bissell.
Capt. J. C. Parker.
Major C. A. Booth.
Capt. A. Noel Woods.
Capt. S. B. B. Dyer.
Capt. G. C. Kelly.
D. W. Pawle.
G. Blaine.
C. E. Stewart.
C. Cary Barnard.
M. V. Hay.
Major W. Gillman.
Major P. II. G. Powell-Cotton.
G. Fenwick Owen.
Capt. G. H. Hastings.
Owner's measurements.
204
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Uganda Kob.
£.— UGANDA RACE (Cobus cob thomasi).
Nsuna, N'Sttnu, or Sunu, Waganda.
From the typical Buffon's kob the eastern or Uganda race is
distinguished mainly by its superior size, and the presence of a
complete white ring round each eye, instead of having only a white
line above the same. General colour rich fulvous, with the muzzle,
lips, chin, under-parts, and inner surfaces of upper portion of fore-legs
and thighs white ; front of fore-legs with a black line, and hind-legs
with a similar line, which does not, however, ascend within some dis-
tance of the hocks. Height at shoulder, about 35 inches.
Distribution. — East Africa, from Kavirondo to Uganda.
,engtn on
front.
circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
-24i
7i
12
Wadelai
Major G. A. S. Cape.
23i
Ik
63
Mruli .
Lieut. -Col. J. Ponsonby
Owner's measurements
KOB
205
Length on
front.
Circum
ference
-23
74
22|
71
22|
7i
22^
7S
22^
6i
22^
8i
22^
6|
22
7i
22
7
2l|
7
2I|
61
2I|
71
2l|
6£
21^
74
2li
8
2IJ
6|
2li
6§
2I|
7i
-21*
74
2l|
7i
21
6j
21
7i
21
63
21
7S
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
i6Jj
Edward Nyanza .
154
Uganda . . t .
"4
Do. .
Hi
Do. .
ioj
Albert Nyanza
IS*
Uganda
iof
Do. . . .
I2f
Do. .
72
Do.
151
Do.
121
Do. . . .
9
Do.
6
Do.
104
Do.
91
Do.
13
Do.
74
Do.
14
Do.
i3i
Lado . . . .
7S
Wadelai
5
Uganda
11
East Africa .
i4i
Semliki Valley
94
Do.
- Owner's measurements
Owner.
Mrs. P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
P. F. Hadow.
Major C. A. Sykes.
Capt. W. S. Nicolson.
Capt. P. Garrard.
Major R. H. Price.
Dr. Shircore.
Capt. A. J. Whittle.
P. B. Vander Byl.
Capt. P. M. Larken.
Col. C. F. Blane.
Major R. A. Markham.
G. C. Slacke.
Sir F. J. Jackson.
Douglas M'Douall.
Sir F. J. Jackson.
R. de la Huerta.
Miss C. Buxton.
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
Lieut. -Col. M. L. Carleton.
G. L. Harrison.
F. C. Selous.
M. P. Lupton.
R. E. Dent.
2o6
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
C— VAUGHAN'S RACE (Cobus cob vaughani).
Very similar to the last, but the general colour of old bucks at one
season bright foxy red, much as in the typical race ; the red extends
on to the bases of the ears, and there is rather less white on the face
than in the next race. Adult bucks may become more or less black
at one season. Possibly the name vaughani will have to be replaced.
Distribution.
Length on Circum-
front. ference.
-The south-western districts of the Bahr-el-Ghazal
province.
23
2li
2°i
2°i
20
i9i
19
i8£
i8i
6
7l
6i
6|
7
6|
6|
61
Tip to Tip.
151
9i
12
8*
11
9fi
"I
54
7
85
Locality.
Nr. Wau .
Bahr-el-Ghazal
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Owner.
Capt. L. D. Spencer.
H. St.-C. Garrood.
Major P. M. Dove.
G. L. Wingfield.
C. Mathews.
Major F. F. Carroll.
Capt. P. E. Vaughan.
J. C. Phillips.
Major J. L. J. Conry.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Z). —WHITE- EARED RACE (Cobus cob leucotis).
Hamaraia dyl, Sudani. Kala, Niam-Niam.
Jwil, Dinka and Shooli.
The old bucks of this race are of the same blackish-brown
colour as those of C. maria, but have no light patch in front of the
withers, and are further characterised by the ears, a large patch
extending from the same to surround each eye, the muzzle, chin,
upper portion of the throat, the under-parts, and portions of the inner
and front surfaces of the limbs being pure white. The direction of the
hair on the middle line of the back is reversed from the loins instead
of from the middle of the back. Young bucks and females are red.
Height at shoulder, about 34 or 35 inches.
Distribution. — The region of the Upper Nile, including the Sobat,
Bahr-el-Ghazal, and their tributaries.
KOB
207
■ "■,.■;■'..
^I|fefc.
"ffiBIB
, ■ . ■ ■ . ,
Bnli^''
Jr
6 .
BsEfe*"-
1
wT %§
jfer*
V
• 'i^tav
181 <s
3?
Head of White-eared Kob.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
i24i
7i
II
Bahr-el-Ghazal
Capt. J. P. V. Hawksley.
23i
64
I2i
Do.
Major A. J. B. Percival.
23i
6i
I Of
White Nile .
C. Bulpett.
23i
6|
Hi
Sobat-Pibor District
Capt. J. A. Pollock.
23
6*
10
White Nile .
Capt. A. H. Vivian.
23
6i
"1
Bahr-el-Ghazal
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
22g
71
151
White Nile .
Capt. G. L. Cameron.
22|
6|
Hi
Do.
W. H. Lindsay.
22j
6
IOg
Pibor District
Capt. H. V. Venables Kyrke
22j
51
III
Sudan .
E. M. Tabor.
22
61
10
White Nile .
F. W. Greswolde-Williams.
22
6
13
Do.
Capt. A. Craufurd.
2l|
61
1 31
Do.
Major J. H. Rivers.
2I|
6
141
Do.
1 Determination
provisional
Lord Desborough.
2o8
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Localitj^.
Owner.
2I|
6^
91
White Nile .
E. C. Crispin.
2lf
6|
8^
Do.
F. C. Selous.
2lf
6i
74
Do.
P. M. Tottenham.
2I|
6|
i3i
Do.
F. L. Slade.
2li
71
I2j
Do.
Lieut. -Gen. Sir B. T. Mahon
2l£
7
ni
Do.
H. Fitzroy.
2lJ
62
12
Do. . ^ .
R. McD. Hawker.
2\\
6|
io|
Do.
Capt. E. C. Hamilton.
211
6i
7
Do.
C. Bower Ismay.
2l4
64
13
Do.
C. de la Huerta.
21*
6
9i
Do.
C. C. Branch.
21^
6|
7h
Do.
Major W. F. Sweny.
2li
7i
«i
Do.
E. D. H. Tollemache.
2li
6
i3i
Do.
Capt. G. Stewart.
2I|
6J
ii
Do.
Major W. Hayes-Sadler.
2li
6}
8.
Do.
Major R. M. Sanders.
2lJ
6i
8*
Do.
Capt. H. R. Headlam.
2li
6|
4
Do.
W. R. Rhinelander Stewart.
21*
7
"1
Do.
N. C. Cockburn.
2li
71
9S
Do.
G. Munn.
2l|
ll '
i5
Do.
. Capt. R. G. C. Brock.
2lJ
6
ni
Do.
Duke of Alba.
ll\
6|
wj
Do.
G. L. Wingfield.
21
6i
8|
Do.
Capt. G. F. Pridham.
21
6i
ioi
Do.
J. H. Greathead.
E.— LODER'S PUKU (C. cob loderi).
Typified by the under-mentioned skull, but probably identical with
a puku-like kob subsequently described as Adenota pousarguesi.
Horns of a somewhat puku-like type.
Length on Circum-
front curve. ference.
Tip to Tip.
Si
Locality.
?
Owner.
Sir Edmund_G. Loder, Bart.
PUKU
209
M
Skull and Horns of Puku.
The PUKU (Oobus [Adenota] vardoni).
Impuku, Masubia.
Muntinya, Barotsi.
Puku, Ngami.
Seula, Chilala and Chibisa.
Sichisunu. Chila.
From the other small kobs with the back of the ears rufous, the
puku is distinguishable at once by the uniformly foxy colour of the
fore-legs, as well as by the greater length of the hair, especially in the
region of the back and loins, where it has a tendency to curl. General
colour reddish yellow. Height at shoulder, about 39 or 40 inches.
Weight, about 190 lbs.
Distribution. — Chobi and Zambesi valleys, including Barotsiland, very
common, and found in small herds of ten to twenty in North-west
and North-east Rhodesia.
P
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
20§
73
17
N.E. Rhodesia .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
■ZO\
6|
II
N.W. Rhodesia .
Dr. Cole.
-20j
7
15
Do.
C. S. Mann.
2o£
8i
I2j
Lake Bangweolo
F. Smitheman.
20
7S
7i
N.W. Rhodesia .
T. D. M. Cardeza.
I9l
71
6J
N.E. Rhodesia .
. W. A. Conduitt.
I9i
64
4
Do.
H. Cookson.
I9i
74
94
?
T. G. Davey.
I9l
6|
84
?
J. Carr Saunders.
19
7l
51
N.W. Rhodesia .
Major J. Carden.
19
7i
8
N.E. Rhodesia .
. F. H. Melland.
-19
74
6
Do.
. J. C. Phillips.
18I
8
6|
Do.
Earl of Kingston.
i8|
°3
84
N.W. Rhodesia.
R. T. Coryndon.
i8|
7
6i
?
J. L. Drege.
i8|
6
6
Nyasaland .
. Dr. A. MacCarthy Morrogh.
i8i
6i
9i
?
S. R. Price.
184
64
44
?
Sir Owen Philipps.
i8i
7i
71
N.E. Rhodesia .
. Col. C. F. Blane.
i8i
7
Si
?
W. H. Fountain.
m
7i
8
?
Capt. G. M. Spencer-Smith
m
7i
74
N.E. Rhodesia .
. P. M. Stewart.
18
7
94
N.W. Rhodesia .
Capt. H. E. Hambro.
18
7
11}
Do.
Col. C. Harding.
18
71
6
Do.
The late George Grey.
171
64
84
Do.
Capt. A. L. Godman.
171
6
74
Do.
J. Ripley.
17s
71
8
Ulanga Valley .
R. Berridge.
I7§
H
94
N.E. Rhodesia .
J. Turner.
174
61
7l
Tanganyika Plateau
Claude Francis.
I7i
74
5§
N.E. Rhodesia .
Col. A. Colville.
174
7i
H
N.W. Rhodesia
Capt. H. L. Archer-Houblon
X7i
7
I2|
Do.
Major A. H. Daukes.
174
7
7
Do.
E. McClellan.
174
74
51
Do.
J. H. Leche.
174
6|
8
Do.
E. Fowler.
9 51
3f
Si
Loru Valley
J. Gibson Hall.
Owner's measurements.
VAAL RHEBOK
Head of Vaal Rhebolc.
The GREY or VAAL RHEBOK (Pelea capreolus).
Vaal Rhebok, Cape Dutch.
Iliza, Swazi.
PsJiiatla, Basuto.
Peeli, Bechuana.
The short, upright, straight, and slender horns, together with the
somewhat woolly nature of the hair, serve to differentiate the vaal
rhebok from the antelopes of the kindred genera. The tail, like that
of the reedbucks, is moderately long and bushy ; the ears are tall and
narrow ; the build is slight and graceful ; and the general colour is
uniformly pale grey, tending somewhat to fawn on the head and limbs.
Height at shoulder, about 28 inches in females and 30 or 3 1 inches
in males. The chief distinctions between this antelope and reedbuck
are the form of the horns and the absence of the bare patches below
the ears.
Distribution. — The open hilly districts of Africa south of the Zambesi.
In the mountain ranges of the eastern and northern districts of
Cape Colony, and thence onwards to the Zambesi, the vaal rhebok
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
affords good sport ; and although its somewhat stiff and stilty
appearance is not at first suggestive of unusual activity, yet the
pace and regularity with which a party of these antelopes will race
up the steep flank of a mountain are wonderful. A peculiar feature
of the vaal rhebok is the soft and woolly nature of the grey coat ;
the horns afford insignificant trophies, and the flesh is of poor
quality.
sngth on
front.
Circum-
ference.
"4
2i
I of
2
ioA
2*
ioTV
2
9i
2i
9
2f
8g
2§
8§
2i
84
2\
8
2i
8
2
8
2
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
44
?
Sir Owen Philipps.
2h
Basutoland .
Sir Abe Bailey.
3
Cape Colony
H. Hodgson.
3i
Near Middelburg .
Major E. H. E. Abadie.
2|
?
Dr. Oakeshott.
2|
?
Mr. Justice Hopley.
2|
Cape Colony
R. H. Venables Kyrke.
2|
South Africa
British Museum (Dr. Burchell).
2
?
G. Richards.
2|
?
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
4*
?
R. E. Critchley-Salmonson.
34
?
V. Ryves.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
"4
Spitzkop
American National Collection
"4
Cape Colony
South African Museum.
I of
6
Do.
E. T. Murray.
104
24
4i
Transvaal
H. T. and A. H. Glynn.
ioi
2i
54
?
Major H. Chamney.
94
3i
?
Major W. Anstruther Gray.
9f
2
4i
Basutoland
Lord Milner.
9i
2*
24
Near Cape Town .
Capt. W. Jardine.
9
2*
34
Natal .
C. S. Mann.
REEDBUCK
213
Head of Reedbuck.
The REEDBUCK (Redunca1 arundinum).
Rietbok, Cape Dutch.
Bushmat, Sudani.
Bemba, Masara.
Inzigi, Amandebili.
Im-vwi, Masubia.
Um-vwi, Makuba.
Inhlango, Swazi.
Iklabn, Basuto.
Impoyo, Lower Zambesi.
Msiki, Zulu and Matabili.
Natafwi, Mashukulumbwi.
Mutobo, Barotsi.
Sibtighat, Ngami.
Mpoyo, Chilala and Chibisa.
N't obi, M'Kua.
Maluvivi, Chila.
Reedbucks, none of which is so large as a waterbuck, differ from
the latter and the kobs by their lighter build, and the presence of a
completely bare or very short-haired patch on each side of the head
immediately beneath the ear. The tail is more bushy and shorter, the
1 Commonly known as Cervicapra ; a name which is unfortunately preoccupied.
214
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
lateral hoofs are relatively smaller, and the black horns, which are of
medium length and stoutness, diverge in an upward and outward
direction, with a forward curvature at the tips, which may be hooked.
Till very late in life the basal portion of the horns is of a pasty con-
sistence, and sportsmen's measurements on the field often include this.
The present species, the true rietbok of the Boers, is the largest of the
genus, standing about 36 or 37 inches at the shoulder; and has the
ear-patch completely bare, and the horns curving regularly forwards
without terminal hooks. Reedbuck are generally met with in small
family parties, and when excited or alarmed utter a shrill whistle.
Their flesh is of fair quality.
Distribution. — Africa, from the Cape to Angola on the western side,
and on the eastern side through Mozambique and South Nyasa-
land to lat. 8° 25' N. in the Bahr-el-Ghazal district. As their
name implies, reedbuck frequent the reed-brakes fringing so many
African rivers ; some of the rivers where they are still fairly
abundant being the Lotsani in Bamangwato and those of Ngami-
land and the country between Mashonaland and the east coast.
The under-mentioned Rhodesian specimens probably belong to
R. a. occidentalism distinguished by a greyish tinge in the coat.
Length1
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
17
6
I5l
N.W. Rhodesia .
C. Mathews.
i6f
H
i5i
Sabi River .
Major J. Stevenson-Hamilton.
i6|
i6|
5f
6
I4i
I2|
P.E. Africa
Do.
British Museum (the late Rowland
Ward).
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
i6|
63
II
N.W. Rhodesia .
Capt. P. R. Bald.
i6i
6
i6|
Matabililand
R. C. Batley.
i6i
61
i5i
N.W. Rhodesia .
Col. Lord Douglas Compton.
1 61
54
20£
Barotsiland, N.W. Rhodesi;
i R. T. Coryndon.
16
74
94
Do.
Col. C. Harding.
16
74
III
N.W. Rhodesia .
. Capt. F. W. Reichwald.
153
Ok
IO|
?
C. D. Rudd.
i5l
6*
i4i
?
British Museum.
2 1 52
6*
134
Transvaal .
Sir Abe Bailey.
i5i
6
19
Tanganyika Plateau
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
15!
7i
I6J
N.W. Rhodesia .
. Lieut.-Col. R. W. R. Barnes.
1 Horn
only, not the pad.
2 Abnormal head.
REEDBUCK
215
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
151
5h
194
13
Mpimbi, Nyasaland .
Nyasaland ....
British Museum (the late Col. F
Trollope).
Capt. J. Harington.
iSi
Si
I9i
?
Sir Owen Philipps.
1 Si
6±
135
N.W. Rhodesia .
A. P. Henderson.
iSi
6i
I3l
Barotsiland, N.W. Rhodesia
F. V. Worthington.
iSi
6
134
Do. ...
Norman B. Smith.
iSi
6
13!
Do.
The late George Grey.
iSi
6i
124
N.W. Rhodesia .
J. E. R. Oldfield.
i5i
64
10
Do. ...
M. C. Crawshay.
IS*
15
6|
64
Hi
91
Manica Plateau, N. of
Zambesi
Mashonaland
F. C. Selous.
Sir John Willoughby, Bart.
15
64
13
N. Zululand
R. T. Coryndon.
15
6i
84
N. E. Rhodesia
Col. C. F. Blane.
is
5*
11
N.W. Rhodesia .
G. T. Hutchinson.
is
6|
i4i
Do.
J. Bell.
is
64
9i
Do. ...
T. D. M. Cardeza.
I4l
54
94
Do. ...
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
I4i
6|
154
Do. . .
Capt. H. E. Hambro.
14I
6
104
Do. ...
R. E. Critchley-Salmonson.
I4l
64
"4
Do. ...
Capt. H. E. E. Pankhurst.
14I
6|
9i
Do. ...
Capt. C. G. Leslie.
14I
6i
Do. . . .
J. H. Leche.
14I
7
134
Do. ...
Val Gielgud.
X\2\
5i
94
Congo ....
H. M. Stephenson.
2 12
64
124
Nyasaland ....
Mrs. C. B. C. Storey.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
18 ... ... South Africa . . . F. Vaughan Kirby.
174 64 174 Barotsiland, N.W. Rhodesia Percy C. Reid.
i6| ... ... ? C. S. Mann.
i6| s| 1 34 Zululand . . . .J. Sealy-Bell.
1 Determination provisional. 2 Albino specimen.
3 This was seen and measured by Mr. Kirby. It had one horn only ; the other was shot off.
2l6
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Eastern Mountain-Reedbuck.
MOUNTAIN- REEDBUCK or ROOI RHEBOK (Redunca fulvorufula).
This reedbuck is considerably smaller than the type species,
measuring from about 2 8 to 3 1 inches at the shoulder, but has horns of
much the same type, without distinct hooks to the tips. The general
colour is greyish fawn, showing in some cases a more or less distinct
rufous tinge.
Distribution. — Eastern Africa to the south of the Zambesi, particularly
Natal, Zululand, and Bechuanaland ; represented farther north by
the undermentioned race. Rooi (red) rhebok differ from the
typical representative of the genus in being inhabitants of the
basal slopes of mountains, at a lower level than the tract frequented
by the vaal rhebok. They are generally found in small troops of
a dozen head or less ; and from their active habits and the difficult
nature of the ground they frequent, afford excellent stalking. In
the neighbourhood of the tributaries of the Limpopo, on the
Mabubi, Tamulikan, Machabi, Sunta, and Chobi rivers, as well as
the tributaries of the Zambesi east of the Victoria Falls, they are still
abundant. Those from the Manica plateau, north of the Zambesi,
may be the East African race.
Certain reedbuck from the Lydenburg range of the Transvaal
exhibit a tendency to albinism, and have been described as a distinct
race {Redunca fulvorufula subalpind), but are more probably " sports."
MO UNTAIN-REEDB UCK
217
A reedbuck from the Mount Kenia district of East Africa appears
to be a local race of this species (R. fulvorufula chanleri). In the
original specimen the nose shows a dark streak like the one often seen
in this and the typical reedbuck.
A— TYPICAL RACE (R. fulvorufula typica).
Length on Circum-
front curve, ference.
73
7%
71
71
7
7
7
7
6z
5
3±
3i
Tip to Tip.
3i
43
4*
3
3i
4i
4*
6
51
Locality.
S.E. Africa
?
Zululand
Near Bloemfontein
Zululand
Owner.
H. W. Elliott.
Hon. Walter Rothschild. (Shot
by F. C. Selous.)
Sir Owen Philipps.
Major R. Rankin.
R. T. Coryndon.
A. Cameron.
II. E. Berry.
P. H. Stewart.
G. Bateman.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
9xV
5
6J
Zululand
8S
45
4l
Humansdorp
8A
51
5
?
8i
33
4i
Transvaal .
71
2l
Do.
7\
4
3i
Lebombo Ra
C. S. Mann.
F. Vaughan Kirby.
P. C. Keytel.
F. R. N. Findlay.
J. L. Drege.
£.— EASTERN RACE (R. fulvorufula chanleri).
Length on
-ont curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
7
4i
41
East Africa
6|
41
3
Do.
6|
3
2§
Do.
-6|
3*
51
Do.
6|
4
3i
Do
6|
3h
41
Do.
6|
3h
3^
Do.
6|
3S
31
Do.
Owner.
. H. G. Watson.
Earl of Kingston.
. A. E. Butter.
. Major H. W. A. Christie.
. Capt. T. H. Rivers Bulkeley.
. N. J. Hitchings.
Duke of Sutherland.
. Capt. J. A. Morrison.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
ront curve.
Circum
ference
6g
4i
6§
4^
6|
Al
6|
->3
J4
6f
3i
-6§
Si
6i
4*
6i
4
6i
3i
6|
4
64
3i
6|
,3
6|
4i
6|
,1
32
6|
44
6|
31
6i
4l
6i
J2
6i
->3
J>5
6i
4
6i
J2
6i
4i
6*
Ss
6i
4i
6|
,3
J-4
64
44
6|
3^
6^
4l
64
4*
64
31
64
J4
64
4
64
4
64
4
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
East Africa
Capt. E. H. Sinkinson.
->3
05
Do.
. G. W. C. Drexel.
2|
Do.
G. Henry.
3i
Do.
Lord Waleran.
31
Do.
Col. J. E. Gough.
4l
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
2.1
Do.
K. V. Painter.
-1
0-t
Do.
Sir H. Seton Karr.
-,1
Do.
. Col. C. F. Blane.
4i
Do.
. W. A. Baird.
5
Do.
. D. L. Seth-Smith.
4
Do.
. Capt. H. C. Hart.
31
Do.
. S. H. Christy.
5i
Do.
P. K. Glazebrook.
3i
Do.
. J. R. Bradley.
4
Do.
Mrs. Percy C. Madeira.
2§
Do.
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
Do.
. J. Jay White.
34
Do.
E. B. Bronson.
4§
Do.
A. de L. Long.
3S
Do.
R. Holmes.
2|
Do.
. J. Leslie.
J8
Do.
Capt. A. Neave.
,3
Do.
G. P. Gough.
4S
Do.
R. de la Huerta.
4i
Do.
A. Fowler.
44
Do.
Gorham Brooks.
4
34
Do.
Do.
. Major P. H. G. Powell-
Cotton.
S. L. Hinde.
3
E. of Lake Marghe
rita . Lord Hindlip.
4
East Africa
H. Johnson.
4
Do.
G. C. Slacke.
2i
Do.
I. Barrington White.
3i
Do.
. R. B. Loder.
- Owner's measurements.
BOHOR REEDBUCK
219
Frontlet and Horns of Eastern Bohor Reedbuck.
The BOHOR REEDBUCK (Redunca redunca).
Kzvantan Rafi, Hausa. Njaza, Waganda.
Distinguished from the mountain-reedbuck (with which it agrees
approximately in size) by the distinct forward curvature of the tips of
the horns, so as to form hooks. General colour uniformly bright fawn,
usually with somewhat darker markings on the face and part of fore-
limbs ; tail only slightly bushy, fawn-coloured above and white
beneath. The height of the East African race is about 28 inches.
Distribution. — West, East, and North-east Africa.
In addition to one other the following races are recognised : —
R. redu/ica typica. — Senegal, Gambia, and Gold Coast. Size small ; horns short
and stout, very thick at base, curved in front, points turned inwards.
R. redunca nigeriensis. — N. Nigeria. Size larger and horns larger and depressed
below level of frontal plane.
R. redunca cottoni. — Kordofan, White Nile, and Isle of Meroe, to east of Lado
and western Somaliland. Horns long and thin, much curved outwards and back-
wards, with the points curled straight over, or turning outwards or inwards.1
R. redunca bohor. — Central Abyssinia. Horns shorter, stouter, and less curved
than in cottoni.
R. redunca wardi. — East Africa. Horns larger, stout, curved outwards, with
the points much turned inwards.
1 In the Dinder Valley the type of head with in-curving horns described as Ccrvicapra r. donaldsoni inter-
grades with cottoni.
RECORDS OF BIG GAAtE
.4.— TYPICAL RACE (R. r. typica),
L,engin on
ont curve.
circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
IO
4i
H
Gold Coast .
Capt. G. H. Hastings.
8|
51
4i
Gambia
. Commr. A. A. Ellison, R.N.
Si
5l
5
Senegambia
G. Fenwick-Owen.
Si
41
51
Portuguese Guinea . Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
,5.— NIGERIAN RACE (R. r. nigeriensis).
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
II
5
7
N
Nigeria .
L. Donisthorpe.
IO|
6*
7
Do.
■. Major C. A. Booth.
I of
6
4i
Do.
. F. Beckles Gall.
I of
6J
2J
Lake Chad .
. Capt. S. B. B. Dyer.
I of
5*
8
N
Nigeria .
Capt. O. Oakes.
-io£
5i
4i
Do.
. Capt. C. F. Watson.
ioi
5
4i
Do.
Capt. G. C. Kelly.
IO
51
51
Do.
Capt. J. C. Parker.
IO
51
6|
Do.
Capt. L. C. Brodie.
IO
5*
5i
N
geria
. Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
9l
51
5
N
Nigeria .
. A. A. Smith.
9!
5
7
Do.
. H. C. Bridges.
9l
5i
73
Do.
. Capt. A. Noel Woods.
9i
5
31
Do.
. Major J. W. Carroll.
9\
51
71
Do.
. Capt. A. C. Aubin.
9k
51
2|
Do.
G. L. Harrison.
9k
5
4*
Do.
. Capt. W. C. N. Hastings.
9k
51
4i
Do.
Major Lord J. S. Cavendish.
9h
54
6i
Do.
Major W. Anstruther Gray.
9k
4i
6|
Do.
. Capt. S. C. Peck.
9h
6^
3
Do.
Capt. G. Bonham-Carter.
9
9
41
5
71
5i
Do.
Do.
Lady Constance Stewart-
Richardson.
Sir E. Stewart-Richardson, Bat
Owner's measurements.
BOHOR REEDBUCK
Skull and Horns of Abyssinian Bohor Reedbuck.
C— ABYSSINIAN RACE (R. r. bohor).
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
lOf
l5S
"1
West of Lake Tana
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
iog
54
5
Abyssinia
D. P. MacGillivray.
IO
44
-, i
3s
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
9i
5S
5
Lake Zuay .
Lord Hindlip.
9S
6
8
Zuguala Mt.
A. E. Butter.
91
5§
9i
Abyssinia .
R. Hayne.
9i
5S
54
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
D.— SUDANI RACE (R. r. cottoni).
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
16
5
15
44
i5
5i
Hi
5i
I4§
6
1 4-s
5i
144
4l
Tip to Tip.
Localitj'.
231
Mongalla
17
Dind
er Valley
I2|
Do.
i6|
Do.
iif
Do.
13
Do.
15
Blue
Nile .
Owner.
. E. M. Sinauer.
R. von Rothermann.
C. Bower Ismay.
. Capt. B. W. Y. Danford.
. Col. A. Colville.
Lord Villiers.
. G. L. Harrison. (See illustration,
p. 222.)
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
c Ijfc /
Head of Sudani Bohor Reedbuck, showing the divergent type of horns.
Shot by Mr. G. L. Harrison.
Length on
ront curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
I4l
Si
13
Sudan
14
6
i6|
Dinder Valley
-14
i6|
Blue Nile .
-14
18
Do.
i3f
5i
9
Sudan
13?
5i
7h
Dinder Valley
i3l
Si
15
White Nile .
i3l
6
9i
Dinder Valley
132
5
I2i
Do.
i3l
6
9§
Do.
132
6
12
Do.
nl
5i
7i
Dc.
Owner.
Prince Colloredo Mannsfeld.
Norman B. Smith.
A. L. Butler.
G. B. Middleton.
Douglas M'Douall.
C. D. Eyre.
P. Santos Saurez.
Miss C. Buxton.
Major C. P. B. Wood.
Prince F. Liechtenstein.
Capt. J. C. Graham.
Capt. A. Craufurd.
Owner's measurements.
BOHOR REEDBUCK
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality
i3i
5
i8i
Binder Valley
I3i
5i
I2§
Mongalla
i3i
5i
I Si
White Nile.
I2|
6i
8
Blue Nile .
I2|
5
i5
Sudan
I2§
5s
»i
Mongalla
Owner.
. C. E. Russell.
. Capt. P. A. Wilson.
. Duke of Alba.
Hon. T. G. B. Morgan-Grenville.
Major P. M. Dove.
. Capt. R. F. Balfour.
E.— EASTERN RACE (R. r. wardi).
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
i3i
54
S£
East Africa .
British Museum (Sir John Kirk)
i3i
54
44
Do.
. Maj.-Gen. Sir J. R. Macdonald.
-12
7
54
G.E. Africa
. S. E. White.
"1
6i
9i
East Africa
Lord Hindlip.
"1
54
74
Do.
. S. H. Christy.
IO§
6|
84
Do.
A. Fowler.
IO|
51
71
Do.
Sutton Timmis.
I of
44
54
Do.
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
\o\
54
94
Uganda x
Duke of Peneranda.
ioi
6|
3i
Do.
. Col. C. F. Blane.
ioi
6|
7
East Africa .
F. C. Selous.
\o\
5i
ioi
G.E. Africa
. F. H. Melland.
\o\
6*
4
East Africa .
Lord Montgomerie.
ioj
6
4i
Do. .
Lord Wrodehouse.
\o\
5i
74
Do.
H. Fowler.
ioi
64
54
Do.
. J. Todd.
io|
51
7i
Do.
. B. Barr Smith.
ro|
6
5i
?
Col. Max. C. Fleischmann.
IO
54
6i
Mau Plateau
Sir F. J. Jackson.
IO
7i
4l
East Africa .
C. Craig.
IO
5S
5
Do.
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
IO
6
74
Do.
R. de la Huerta.
IO
6
5
Do.
Duke of Medinaceli.
IO
51
64
Do.
. Duke of Alba.
IO
54
6
Do.
N. C. Cockburn.
IO
5i
7
Do.
. W. N. McMillan.
- Owner
's measurements.
1 May belong to K. r. Uganda.
224 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Dibata^.
The DIBATAG (Ammodorcas clarkei).
Although resembling the gazelles in the face-markings, the dibatag
approximates in foot-structure and the form of the horns to the reed-
buck group, to which it may be related. The horns of the males are
rather short, and have a regular upward and- forward curvature, some-
what like those of a reedbuck ; they are ridged on the front for a con-
siderable portion of their length. The neck is considerably elongated,
and the tail long and thin. The general colour of the upper-parts
is a deep cinnamon. Height at shoulder, about 33 inches; weight,
from 65 to 70 lbs. When running, the long neck is thrown back
towards the tail, which is elevated, so that the two look as though
they would touch. Discovered by Mr. T. W. H. Clarke in 1890.
Distribution. — Central Somaliland, in the eastern districts of
the Haud.
r ,. Circum- Tip to .-.
on front r rf- Owner.
Terence. 1 id.
curve. ^
I2§ 5! 4§ Hon. Walter Rothschild.
1 if 4I 3§ Gen. Sir Arthur Paget.
I If 4I 3§ T. W. H. Clarke.
n| 4J: 6 R. McD. Hawker.
Length
on front
curve.
Hi
II
II
I of
iof
I of
iQl
io|
9!
9i
9^
9i
DIB ATA G
Circum-
ference.
T}P. to Owner.
Tip.
4*
4| Col. J. E. Gough.
sh
i\ Major B. R. M. Glossop.
5
5^ S. Payne-Gallwey.
4i
4§ Mr. Justice Hopley.
5*
4 Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
44
3 t Capt. B. E. Murray.
4S
4§ Capt. A. H. Mosse.
4i
4l Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
4$
5£ British Museum (T. W. H. Clarke;
4
3^ Capt. H. A. Carter.
4l
4§ Dr. R. E. Drake-Brockman.
5
5 Capt. F. I\. Tarleton.
225
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
13
J. D. Inverarity.
ia|
Capt. G. G. S. Brander.
12
C. S. Mann.
n|
4i
5
Capt. J. Brander-Dunbar
"i
4*
5fV
Capt. M. McNeill.
iog
4i
5
P. C. Keytel.
226
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Pala.
The PALA or IMPALA (iEpyceros melampus).
Rooibok, Cape Dutch. Pala, Waganda, Basuto, and Be-
Inzero, Masubia. chuna.
Swala, Swahili. Impala, Zulu, Swazi, and Matonga.
Luondo and Mpala, Barotsi, Luboudar, Chila.
Ngami, Chilala, and Chibisa.
The pala, saiga, and chiru have been generally classed with the
gazelles, but apparently form independent groups. The specific name
(black-footed) of the first refers to the pair of black tufts on each
hind-foot. The horns of the bucks, which are of considerable length in
proportion to the size of the animal, show a characteristic and graceful
double curvature ; and the bright foxy-red hue of the shining hair of the
upper-parts is very characteristic. Height at shoulder, from about 34 to
37 or 38 inches. Weight, from about 130 to 160 lbs.
Distribution. — Southern and Eastern Africa, extending as far north
as Lower Kordofan. In Angola replaced by an allied form,
usually regarded as a distinct species, but which is perhaps only a
local race (s£. melampus petersi), distinguished by the presence of
a purplish-black streak down the middle of the face and another
through the line of each eye. In the days of their abundance pala
PALA
227
were found in big troops, such as are still to be met with on the
Upper Zambesi, in East Mashonaland, and parts of British East
and Central Africa. Some half-century ago they were to be found
in similar numbers among the covert on the banks of every river
in the Transvaal and Bechuanaland ; but it is not till the northern
border of the former country that they are now to be met with,
and then only in small parties. Pala are some of the fleetest
of all antelopes, and are in the habit of leaping high in the air ;
their presence always implies the neighbourhood of water.
^.—TYPICAL
RACE (jE. melampus typicus).
Length.
On front
curve.
Straight
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip
Locality. Owner.
3*1
25*
H
i8i
East Africa . . Sir Richard Dane.
3i*
24§
6
i6g
Do.
. W. Judd.
3ii
25
6|
13
Do.
E. M. Crosfield.
3°i
51
23i
Do.
Capt. E. Berry.
3°!
24I
fii
24i
Do.
T. de Halpert.
3°1
23i
H
151
Do.
. J. G. Millais.
3°
24S
64
20|
Do.
Count C. Podstatzky.
3°
24
61
i7*
Do.
Lord Delamere.
29I
24 v
5S
I9l
Do.
P. F. Hadow.
29!
24I
61
17
Do.
' Capt. W. M. Burrell.
29§
232
64
18
Do.
G. C. Slacke.
292
25
6
24
Do.
H. Hyde-Baker.
29h
24S
6
22J
Do.
C. Fahnestock.
29a
24
6
181
Do.
J. E. R. Oldfield.
29i
234
6*
i9i
Do.
G. P. L. Cosens.
29h
23!
61
15S
Do.
A. E. Butter.
29i
24*
6
1 91
Do.
Count E. Hoyos.
291
23!
^3
16I
Do.
W. W. Ashley.
29J
Mh
6h
22^
Do.
H. B. Cox.
29i
24I
61
1 61
Do.
A. J. A. Douglas.
29I
23I
5S
iSf
Do.
Capt. G. V. Clarke.
29k
23I
6f
17
Do.
Capt. E. Sartorius.
29
24i
6
27i
Do.
Capt. F. H. Span.
29
23I
61
I9l
Do.
Major W. E. Stobart.
29
24I
6
211
Do.
Capt. M. L. Pears.
29
22J
6
14
Do.
Marquis of Tweeddale
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length.
On front Cl . . .
Straight,
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
29
2\\
6§
i6|
East Africa
H. S. L. Scott.
29
24i
6i
22j
Do.
T. W. H. Clarke.
29
23
6i
i7i
Do.
Capt. T. H. Rivers Bulkeley.
29
22|
5S
19I
Do.
Lieut. -Col. P. Polovtsoff.
29
22^
6
Q2
Do.
Dr. A. Paget.
2S§
34
i7l
Do.
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
28f
24
6*
i7i
Do.
Major L. Boyd-Moss.
28I
23i
6J
19
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
2Sf
22^
6
i6J
Do.
N. C. Cockburn.
28|
24J
6i
18I
Do.
Capt. C. Steele.
28|
23^
6
iSi
Do.
Capt. E. C. Hamilton.
28|
23i
6
I2i
Do.
Capt. R. A. McClymont.
28|
23*
6
24
Do.
W. N. McMillan.
2S|
22|
6i
134
Do.
Capt. J. N. Price Wood.
28^
23i
6
16
Do.
C. W. Turner.
28*
23
6i
2lJ
Do.
C. J. Blackburn Maze.
28i
22
6i
"i
Do.
Major Lord J. S. Cavendish.
284
23i
6i
i6i
Do.
Capt. E. F. Hausburg.
28£
22^
6|
12*
Do.
Capt. L. H. Lloyd.
28*
24J
6
20£
Do.
Capt. L. H. Hickson.
281
24l
6i
24i
Do.
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
2%\
23
6i
ni
Do.
J. R. Bradley.
28J
23
6
19
Do.
G. F. Archer.
28J
2l|
51
i7l
Do.
H. C. Allfrey.
28^
23i
H
22^
Do.
Duke of Sutherland.
28i
23i
6
193
Do.
E. B. Home.
2S£
23i
6i
i6f
Do.
Capt. R. Clemm.
28J
23i
5S
*4i
Do.
R. B. Loder.
28}
23
6£
2I|
Do.
Col. C. F. Blane.
282
23i
5i
174
Do.
R. de la Huerta.
28*
23
6
18
Do.
A. Hamilton Gault.
28i
23h
6
20|
Do.
H. H. Williams.
28
28
23
22§
6^
6|
12
25
Do.
Do.
H.R.H. Prince Arthur of Con
naught.
Earl of Warwick.
28
23
6i
13
Do.
Walter Jones.
28
24i
6|
m
Do.
R. Hayne.
PALA
229
Length.
0n front Straight,
curve. "
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Localitj'.
Owner.
28
*3i
51
22
East Africa
Hon. E. Coke.
28
23S
5«
i7l
Do.
C. H. Tritton.
28
24
6
22|
Do.
H. B. Tate.
28
221
6
12
Do.
Sir F. J. Jackson.
28
21
5i
12^
Do.
G. E. Smith.
28
22
54
i6i
Do.
Capt. F. W. Barrett.
28
22|
51
I3i
Do.
The Master of Belhaven.
28
23i
6i
22
Do.
Capt. C. J. Murray.
28
22|
51
24I
Do.
Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
28
22^
51
i9l
Do.
Capt. J. Fitzgerald.
28
22^
6
13
Do.
D. Davies.
28
22|
6i
9i
Do.
G. O. Sloper.
28
22^
6|
i8|
Do.
P. Fleming.
27|
23
6i
19
Do.
Lord Wodehouse.
27|
22^
6
"i
Do.
Capt. G. F. Phillips.
27f
27f
27f
22
21
23
51
6
51
i6f
94
18
Do.
Do.
Do.
Capt. the Hon. G. H. Douglas
Pennant.
Lieut.-Col. the Hon. W. A. W.
Lawson.
Hon. Mrs. Blyth.
27f
23i
6
134
Do.
Major H. F. T. Fisher.
27f
2I|
6
I2f
Do.
F. Garside.
275
22^
51
i5i
Do.
Major S. Belfield.
27i
23i
51
I2|
Do.
Rhys Williams.
27i
22^
6
"1
Do.
F. C. Selous.
274
2li
51
I3i
Do.
Lord Hindlip.
27i
23
6
I9i
Do.
. . . G. C. Whitaker.
27i
22^:
6*
Hi
Do.
A. Brocklehurst.
27I
22j
6i
104
Do.
Major C. U. Price.
27h
23^
6
18!
Do.
A. Bayley-Worthington.
27i
2li
6*
lOf
Do.
G. de P. Colvile.
27i
23i
51
214
Do.
H. C. Phipps.
27i
22^
H
i7i
Do.
Capt. J. A. Morrison.
274
23i
51
i9i
Do.
Arthur James.
27i
21
5l
Hi
South Africa
British Museum (Dr. Burchell)
24
I9i
6|
12
N. Zululand
Col. Lord Douglas Compton.
2Ji
i8|
5*
io|
Ngamiland
A. G. Stigand.
230
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
B.— NYASA RACE (&. melampus johnstoni).
Most of the following specimens are only referred provisionally to
this race.
Mr. R. T. Coryndon writes that although in N.E. Rhodesia horns
of 20 inches are rare, in the Northern Transvaal and Swaziland, where
pala abound, horns of 22 inches are not uncommon, and a few specimens
are still longer.
Len
jth.
On front
curve.
Straight.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip. Locality. Owner.
22j
i8i
5i
9i
N.W. Rhodesia
H. D. Hannay.
22^
i8i
5i
?i
N.E. Rhodesia
R. D. Waterhouse.
22
i8i
5J
11
Nyasaland .
A. V. Willcox.
21
i8|
4!
n|
Do.
Capt. J. S. Brogden.
21
174
Si
151
Rhodesia
A. W. Griffin.
20£
17
6
94
N.W. Rhodesia
J. Bell.
20
16
Si
H
N.E. Rhodesia
F. H. Melland.
20
16
5
6\
Do.
H. Cookson.
20
16
5
64
N.W. Rhodesia
Hon. J. Cunliffe-Lister.
I9l
i6|
51
6|
Do.
Major J. Carden.
I9l
16
41
9i
Do.
R. C. Wood.
I91
1 51
5
6i
Nyasaland .
K. L. Storey.
19}
17
5
71
N.W. Rhodesia
J. H. Leche.
I9i
i6J
54
I2|
Do.
H. R. Phillips.
19*
i5i
4l
74
N.E. Rhodesia .
Col. A. Colville.
•i9i
i5i
5
6i
N.W. Rhodesia .
Capt. the Hon. G. PI
Douglas-Pennant.
C— ANGOLA RACE (JE. melampus petersi).
Length.
On front
curve.
c. • t_. Circum- «,. . r,,-
Straight. ferencg_ T.ptoTip.
23f
234
23i
23!
2ii
21
i9i
194
184
18
173
6
54
54
5§
54
Si
141
13?
15
9§
194
1 15
Locality.
Angola
Do.
Do.
Do.
S.W. Africa
Angola .
Owner.
C. W. Sharp.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
A. H. Harrison.
W. C. Neilson.
A. N. Henderson.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
SAIGA
231
Horns of Saiga. From the Hon. Walter Rothschild's specimen.
The SAIGA (Saiga tatarica).
One of the most remarkable of all antelopes is the Central Asian
saiga, which differs from most of its kindred by the inflated and puffy
nose. This forms a kind of trunk, comparable to that of the dik-diks,
with the nostrils directed downwards. The tail is short, and lateral
hoofs are present. In summer the colour is dull yellowish above and
whitish beneath, but in winter the whole coat is uniformly whitish. The
short and blunt ears are thickly covered with hair, and the horns of
the males pale amber-colour. Height at shoulder, about 30 inches.
Distribution. — The Kalmuk steppes of Southern Russia, Northern
Russian Turkestan, particularly between the Sea of Aral and Lake
Balkash ; and locally throughout Zungaria as far east as the
western edge of the Gobi. Formerly the range extended to the
confines of Poland.
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
14!
Si
3i
Siberia .
I3l
5
Volga Steppe .
I3l
4l
3i
?
i3f
5
51
Sarepta, South Russia
I3i
5
3S
Eastern Zungaria
-I2§
5
2
?
- Owner's measurements.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
(See illustration.)
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
British Museum.
J. H. Miller.
Imperial Museum, Vienna.
232
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
-I2§
5
5
?
J. C. Phillips.
-\2\
5
4i
Siberia .
Dublin Museum.
I2j
5
5£
Do. .
. Duke of Bedford.
I2i
5
4*
Do. .
Rowland Ward.
-Hi
4l
54
Do. .
Dr. Albert von Stephani.
Si
5i
Do. .
Major W. Anstruther Gray
- Owner's measurements.
Head of Saiga.
CHIRU
233
Chiru. Shot by Mr. H. C. V. Hunter.
The CHIRU or TIBETAN ANTELOPE (Pantholops hodgsoni).
Among several animals peculiar to the Tibetan plateau none is
more interesting than the chiru, whose beautiful horns form some of
the most cherished trophies of the sportsman. Although very unlike
in general appearance, the chiru is related to the saiga, having the
nose even more swollen at the sides, at least in the male, but less bent
downwards at the tip. The long black horns of the bucks, which
are somewhat compressed, rise almost vertically from the head, and
are slightly divergent, nearly straight below, but evenly curving for-
wards above, and ridged in front. General colour of hair, which is
very dense and short, pale fawn above, with a pinkish suffusion,
but the face and part of the limbs of the males black or dark
brown. Height at shoulder, about 31 or 32 inches; weight, from 90
to 120 lbs. The genus is peculiar in having only two pairs of
premolar teeth in each jaw.
Distribution. — The plateau of Tibet, at elevations of from 13,000 to
1 6,000 feet, or even more ; the species associates in pairs or small
parties.
234
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum
ference
273
64
27!
5i
271
5i
27
6
27
5
26
Al
25§
Si
25i
51
25S
51
25i
5i
24!
5
24!
Si
24!
5
242
5
24i
5
24^
4l
24i
5i
24
5i
24
5i
24
5
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
13*
North
of Beansi Pass .
ni
Tibet .
154
North of Beansi Pass .
i4i
?
i-3i
Tibet
12I
Do.
122
?
iii
Tibet
i4i
?
I2|
?
II
?
i5i
Tibet
.
i9i
Do.
I2|
Do.
i3i
Do.
i8i
?
13*
?
15
?
ni
Tibet
12*
Do.
Owner.
British Museum (Hume Collection).
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
British Museum (Hume Collection).
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
P. F. Hadow.
Capt. G. Campbell.
Arnold Pike.
Major C. B. Vandeleur.
Major Sir W. Codrington.
Miss Barber.
E. L. Phelps.
Capt. J. A. Stewart-Balmain.
Royal Scottish Museum.
Capt. H. H. P. Deasy.
Capt. J. F. Turner.
Capt. D. L. R. Lorimer.
Capt. W. F. Corbett.
Capt. L. Oldfield.
Sutton Timmis.
P. Radclyffe.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
27
6
17
Mansarawar Lake
Capt. F. M. Bailey.
27
51
14I
Tibet .
Major G. K. Channer.
27
12
?
J. D. Inverarity.
263
6
I3l
Tibet .
Dr. Albert von Stephani.
261
Chang-chenmo .
Lieut. -Col. A. E. Ward.
26£
51
12 j
Tibet .
. J. C. Phillips.
25i
5
lOf
Do. .
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
25
51
11
Chang-chenmo .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
24i
4i
Tibet .
Major-General A. A. A. Kinloch
BLACKBUCK
235
Skull and Horns of Blackbuck. From the late Mr. A. O. Hume's specimen.
The BLACKBUCK or INDIAN ANTELOPE (Antilope cervicapra).
Although in former days nearly all the then known species of
antelopes were included in the genus Antilope, the extent of the latter
has been gradually whittled down until it now comprises the Indian
blackbuck alone. In addition to being the sole representative of the
genus, this species is also the type of a subfamily or group of
antelopes, embracing the springbuck, gazelles, and gerenuk. These are
small or medium-sized antelopes, with hairy muzzles, generally short
tails, and tall, narrow-crowned cheek-teeth, like those of sheep. In
= 36
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
the springbuck and the majority of the gazelles horns are present in
both sexes, but in the rest are confined to the males. From all
the other members of this assemblage the blackbuck is distinguished
by the beautiful spiral formed by its horns. It has large, expansile
face-glands, a short and compressed tail, and lateral hoofs. Height
at shoulder, about 32 inches; average weight, 85 lbs. It is only in
adult males that the characteristic dark tint from which the species
takes its name is developed, young males being uniformly brownish
fawn above like the does ; the latter, like gazelles, have two teats.
Distribution. — India, from the foot of the Himalaya to Cape Comorin,
and from the Punjab to Lower Assam ; unknown in Ceylon and
the countries to the eastward of the Bay of Bengal.
Length
straight.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
2%\
5
1 7|
Near Delhi
British Museum (Hume Collection)
27f
5i
Central Provinces
A. H. Morris.
27!
5
i8|
Bikanir .
H.H. the Maharaja of Bikanir.
27
51
I9l
Patiala .
Major W. Cox.
26J
4S
26
Alwar
Lieut. -Col. L. Impey.
26f
4l
25i
Bhurtpore
Lieut.-Gen. Sir E. T. H. Hutton.
26£
S\
«i
Alwar
Hon. E. S. Montagu.
261
5i
27I
United Provinces
Capt. C. B. Oldfield.
26i
43
I4l
Bikanir .
Lord Hardinge.
26!
5
i7l
Sirsa, Punjab .
British Museum (Hume Collection)
26A
Si
22
Bikanir .
Col. G. D. F. Sulivan.
26A
4i
20
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
2b\
5
19
Alwar
H.H. the Maharaja of Alwar.
261
5
23!
Oudh .
E. St. J. Lawson.
26\
5
23i
Bikanir .
H.H. the Maharaja of Kotah.
26
5
2I|
Do. .
Lieut. -Col. H. W. Codrington.
251
41
19
Jeypore .
Hon. A. Holland-Hibbert.
251
4i
Agra
Capt. F. W. Van der Kiste.
258
54
19
?
Lady Jenkins.
25^
\l .
18
Punjab .
Lieut. -Col. R. H. Rattray.
25i
4i
19
Jeypore .
A. B. Graves.
25i
5i
15
Kathiawar
Lieut. -Col. L. L. Fenton.
25
5
18*
?
Lieut. -Col. H. G. Mainwaring.
24I
5
20
Jeypore .
Lieut. -Col. J. B. Buchanan.
24I
4i
i7i
Dholpur .
A. J. Coppinger.
BLACKBUCK
■37
Length
straight.
24i
24i
Circum-
ference.
5i
5
5
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
isj
?
Capt. G. S. Bull.
15
?
The late Earl of Minto
18
Bik
inir .
P. B. Vander Byl.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
Capt. J. MacRae-Gilstrap.
General Sir B. Blood.
Lieut. -Col. P. Durell Pank.
T. Le Mesurier.
R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
Brig.-Surg. A. D. Campbell.
Capt. Harry V. Brooke.
Major R. P. Wemyss Quin.
1 Measured and recorded by the late Mr. A. O. Hume, but not now in the possession of General Sir B. Blood.
3°i
?
28!
Jeypore .
28
20
Do. .
28
5
15
Near Ahmedabad
27!
5i
i6i
Jeypore .
27
5
20|
Rajputana
27
5
I91
Bikanir .
26!
5
2l|
Punjab .
Head of Blackbuck.
233
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Goa.
The GOA or TIBETAN GAZELLE (Gazella [Procapra] picticaudata).
The goa is the typical representative of a subgenus of gazelles
characterised by the short tail, the absence or small size of the
face-glands and the tufts of hair on the knees, and the lack of horns in
the female. Face-markings are also wanting. As a species, the goa
is distinguished by its comparatively small size, and the strongly
marked backward curvature of the horns, which are not hooked at the
tips, as well as by the large size of the white rump-patch, and the
pale colour of the coat. Height at shoulder, about 24 or 25 inches.
Weight, about 45 lbs.
Distribution. — The plateau of Tibet and some of the adjacent
parts of Central Asia.
=ngtn on
nt curve.
circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
14!
31
5
Ladak
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Hi
3f
2
Hanle, Spiti .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
nl
31
8§
Gyantse, Tibet
Capt. R. S. Kennedy.
13!
31
3
Ladak
Major G. F. Mockler.
i3i
31
51
N. of Sikhim .
British Museum (Hume Collection
13*
3*
5
Tibet
C. Hamilton.
i3i
4i
3i
Ladak
Major Neill Malcolm.
GO A OR TIBETAN GAZELLE
239
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
13*
4
3l
Tibet
H. C. V. Hunter.
13
4i
44
East Ladak
Col. J. Biddulph.
13
3S
14
?
Major C. B. Vandeleur.
13
3i
4l
?
Capt. W. T. Hodgson.
13
3s
4i
Tibet
P. K. Wise.
13
31
5i
N. of Sikhim .
Major A. Pearse.
I2|
31
64
?
E. McClellan.
I2|
4
6J
Ladak
Baroda State Museum.
I2|
4
4l
Do.
Earl of Ilchester.
I2|
-.1
0 2
2i
Do.
K. C. Zarzhetsky.
I2l
n3
OS
5
Do.
Dr. T. G. Longstaff.
I2j
o7
OS
24
?
Major Lord Charles M. Nairne
I2|
3i
?
G. W. Grabham.
I2§
34
54
South of Hanle
Col. F. C. Lister-Kay.
12}
3l
24
?
T. R. Ubsdell.
I2i
34
6}
Ladak
The late David T. H anbury.
I2i-
-.3
05,
4
Tibet .
W. A. Conduitt.
I2i
,3
04
44
Do.
Major F. G. T. Deshon.
12
32
3fi
Kan-su, Tibet Border
K. K. Horn.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
14
Ladak
14
Do.
131
,1
0 2
64
Do.
i3i
34
3
Do.
i3i
31
6i
S.E. of Hanle
13
3S
5S
Tibet
13
34
4
Do.
1 2ff
3l
4
Do.
I2J
34
74
Gyantse, Tibet
Major Brown.
C. C. Winn.
Capt. F. M. Bailey.
Lieut. -Col. H. W. Codrington.
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
Bombay Natural History Society.
Capt. F. W. A. Wells.
Officers' Mess, 3rd Gurka Rifles.
Capt. A. O. Creagh.
240
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Przewalski's Gazelle. Shot by Mr. G. Fenwick-Owen.
PRZEWALSKI'S GAZELLE (Gazella [Procapra] przewalskii).
Nearly allied to the goa, from which it differs by its rather larger
size, and the distinct hooks formed by the tips of the horns of the
bucks. General colour in summer, deep fawn ; in winter, pale finely
grizzled fawn ; white of buttocks running up in an angle on each side
of the tail, which is very short, and almost concealed by the fur.
Front of limbs more or less brown.
Distribution. — Northern Kan-su and Ordos.
igtn on
t curve.
L-ircum-
ference.
T:
ip to Tip.
I2l
4l
44
IOJ
4§
2|
IO
4
4i
91
4s
4l
9§
4§
ii
-8H
3t
4§
Locality.
Owner.
Nr. Shiakou, 2 days G. Fenwick-Owen.
S.E. of Kanchow
? British Museum.
? II.R.H. Henri de Bourbon, Comte
de Bardi.
North of Pekin . British Museum (R. Swinhoe).
Nr. Shiakou, 2 days H. F. Wallace.
S.E. of Kanchow
North China . . Paris Museum (Pere A. David).
Owner's measurements.
ZEREN GAZELLE
241
Frontlet and Horns of Altai Zeren Gazelle.
The ZEREN or MONGOLIAN GAZELLE (Gazella [Procapra] gutturosa).
Zeren or Seren, Mongolian. Hxvang-yang, Chinese.
Much larger than the goa, this species takes its name from the
swollen condition of the throat of the bucks during the pairing-season.
In addition to its size (height at shoulder, about 30 inches), it is
characterised by the comparatively slight backward curvature of the
light brown or grey horns, which are relatively small and not hooked at
the tips ; the general colour of the upper-parts and fronts of the legs in
summer being pale fawn, with the front of the face light brown, and
the white of the rump reaching to the sides of the short tail. The
ears are relatively small. Rudimentary knee-tufts and small face-
glands, as well as inguinal glands (lacking in the goa) are present.
Distribution. — The whole of northern Mongolia from the Kosh-Agatch
steppe in the west to the Khingan region in the east. Also the
central Gobi.
Two closely allied races are recognised, the typical G. gutturosa
typica and the Altai G. g. altaica. The following specimens belong to
the Altai race.
R
242
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
ngcn on
nt curve.
circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
I3l
4S
02
Altai
12
4§
6
Do. . . .
II|
4i
51
Do. . . .
II
4l
4l
Do. .
II
4*
61
Do. .
II
4
7
Do. . . .
io|
4
6|
Do. . . .
\o\
4
51
Do. . . .
Owner.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
J. H. Miller.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
St. George Littledale.
A. Louw.
British Museum (R. Hayne).
P. B. Vander Byl.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Head of Goitred Gazelle. Shot by Mr. G. Fenwick-Owen.
The GOITRED GAZELLE (Gazella subgutturosa).
With this species we come to the true gazelles, in which the tail
is considerably longer than in gutturosa, przewalskii, and picticaudata,
being from six to eight inches in length and black, while tufts of long
hair on the knees, glands on the face and in the groin are always
developed. In immature animals a dark streak in front of the eyes is
present, but in many adult specimens this and the light fawn of the
upper part of the face are very indistinct and often wanting in the
winter coat. Horns, which are absent in the female, relatively large
GOITRED AND SAIKIK GAZELLES 243
and divergent. The rump-patch extends to the root of the tail, and
the ears are small. Height at shoulder, from 26 to 27 inches. The
larynx is swollen in males during the breeding-season, when it forms a
prominence on the front of the upper part of the throat of the bucks.
The Marica gazelle is smaller, with horns in the females.
There are two races of this gazelle, the Caspian and Persian G. s.
typica, and the Altai G. s. sairensis, in which the size is large but the
horns are relatively small.
Distribution. — From north - west Persia, eastern Asia Minor, and
Caucasia in the west, through Russian Turkestan and Zungaria to
the southern Gobi in the east.
igtn on
it curve.
circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
I5S
4!
4^
Persia
Sir W. Preece.
-151
41
7l
Sheraz
Dr. Albert von Stephani.
14!
4i
9h
?
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
I3l
4l
71
Hi Valley .
Capt. J. N. Price Wood.
I3f
4*
6
Saissan, W. Siberia .
British Museum (Dr. O. Finsch).
I3l
4l
41
S. Zungaria
J. H. Miller.
n\
4i
Si
San-cao-tion, Kan-su
G. Fenwick-Owen.
13
4i
4i
Persia
E. Rennie.
"i
4t'
5i
San-cao-tion, Kan-su
- Owner's measurements.
H. F. Wallace.
The SAIKIK GAZELLE (Gazella yarcandensis).
Saikik, Turki.
A larger species than the goitred gazelle, standing some 28 inches,
with the ears much longer, the face-markings distinct, and the general
colour darker. The horns, present only in the bucks, are somewhat
heavier and longer than in the typical form, and the white markings
on the rump extensive.
Distribution. — Chinese Turkestan from Yarkand to Lob Nor.
ijengtn on
ront curve.
circum-
ference.
Ti
p to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
17
4i
6J
Eastern Turkestan
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
16
5
31
Yarkand
British Museum (Hume Collection
-i5i
5
Maralbashi
Sir H. Lennard, Bart.
i4f
4s
3
Eastern Turkestan
Major C. S. Cumberland.
Owner's measurements.
244
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Saikik Gazelle, in the possession of
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
engtn on
ont curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Ti
p. Locality.
Owner.
i4i
5
5i
Tien Shan
G. L. Harrison.
14
5
55
Eastern Turkestan
. Col. J. Biddulph.
1 35
5
4
Chinese Turkestan
. J. V. Phelps.
131
4i
44
Do.
. E. L. Phelps.
i3i
43
6g
Maralbashi
. The late David T. Hanbury.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
I4f
1 3
4?
Lob Nor
Paris Museum (Prince Henri
d'Orleans).
THE SEISTAN GAZELLE (Gazella seistanica).
The Seistan gazelle of Eastern Persia differs by the much smaller
extent of the white on the rump, which does not reach the root of the
tail, and the white muzzle.
Length on
ront curve.
Circum-
ference.
Hi
5
14
4
I2|
4i
Tip to Tip.
Locality
Owner.
n
N. Persia .
Capt. C. T. Daukes.
3h
Do.
Lieut. -Col. R. L. Kennion.
5i
Do.
British Museum (Lieut. -Col. R. L
Kennion).
KENNION'S GAZELLE
= 45
Heads of Seistan Gazelle and Kennion's Gazelle. The three upper figures are
the Seistan, and the three lower (of which the middle one is a doe) Kennion's
gazelle.
KENNION'S GAZELLE (Gazella fuscifrons).
Allied to the last (which it serves to connect with the Indian
gazelle), but with horns in both sexes, and no goitre in the throat of
the bucks.
Distribution. — Typically Jalk, but ranging over Seistan and
Kain to Baluchistan.
on front
curve.
circum-
ference.
-l ip CO
Tip.
LoCc
Hi
43
4h
Baluchistan
12
4
S.E. Persia
II|
4
3i
Do.
91
31
3i
Do.
Owner.
Capt. T. W. Greenfield.
Lieut. -Col. R. L. Kennion.
Capt. C. T. Daukes.
Capt. A. McCleverty.
246
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Indian Gazelle. Shot by Lieut. -Col. P. C. Palin.
The CHINKARA or INDIAN GAZELLE (Gazella bennetti).
Closely allied to the last species, this gazelle (the ravine-deer of many
Anglo-Indian sportsmen) is characterised by the absence of in-turning
of the tips of the horns, the restriction of the white on the rump to
the back and inner sides of the thighs, so that it does not reach the
root of the tail: the height at the shoulder varies from 25 to 26
inches, and the general colour of the upper-parts is dull fawn.
Distribution. — Peninsular India.
Length on
front curve.
151
15!
-15
I4l
14*
14!
Circum-
ference.
4i
4i
5
4i
4f
4i
ip to Tip.
Local
5i
?
Ferozepore
Rajputana
8
Punjab
Ik
Sind
8g
Dholpur .
Owner.
Lieut. -Col. P. C. Palin. (See
illustration.)
Mess of the 14th Sikhs.
H. H. Maharaj Rana Bahadur of
Jhalawar.
C. H. Shanan.
Capt. J. L. Sleeman.
L. M. le Champion.
Owner's measurements.
CHINKARA OR INDIAN GAZELLE
247
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
I4i
4l
I4i
4l
i4i
4i
14
3l
14
4i
I3l
4i
I3l
4i
I3l
4l
i3i
4l
1 3s
4i
i3i
4
i3i
4
i3i
4i
134
4l
13
31
13
3i
12 j
,4*
I2|
4l
I2|
44
I2|
4i
I2f
4s
I2|
4
I2f
4
I2i
48
?7*
2
9 7s
|
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
-71
7a
Patiala
6
Bikanir
3
Wana Plain, Wazir-
istan.
7s
Patiala
6g
Bikanir
7
?
85
Sincl
74
Bikanir
6|
Muttra
6J
Punjab
4i
?
6*
?
4
Khelat .
6|
?
6
Bikanir
6
?
5
Goorgaon, Punjab
74
?
5s
North Punjab .
7
?
5S
Bikanir
6
Jodhpore .
8
?
63
°8
?
2i
?
2i
?
Owner.
Major J. F. P. Langdon.
J. A. ffolliott Powell.
A. J. Grant.
Major R. P. Wemyss Quin.
Maharaja of Bikanir.
R. H. Edmondson.
L. Napier.
Capt. C. F. Vander Byl.
Major G. F. Mockler.
R. H. Heath.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Major O. A. Chambers.
British Museum (Hume Collection).
Mess of the 2nd Central Indian
Horse.
Lieut. -Col. H. C. Morland.
Lieut. -Col. R. H. Rattray.
British Museum (Hume Collection).
H. C. V. Hunter.
Col. J. Biddulph.
Major L. I. B. Hulke.
Capt. E. N. Jones- Vaughan.
H.H. the Maharaja of Bikanir.
J. Gouldsmith.
Major A. D. Greenhill-Gardyne.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Horns of the Edmi Gazelle.
The EDMI or ATLAS GAZELLE (Gazella cuvieri).
The African representative of Kennion's gazelle and the chinkara,
characterised by the horns in the bucks diverging more or less regularly
upwards, and not incurving at the tips. There is a blackish spot on
the tip of the muzzle, and the coat is rough. General colour dull fawn,
with a very indistinct lateral band, well-defined face-markings, the lower
portion of the tail crested with black, and the under-parts, buttocks, and
inner surfaces of fore-legs white. Height at shoulder, 26 to 27 inches.
Distribution. — The mountains of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, where
it is known by the name of edmi or admi.
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality. Owner.
Hi
5
3§
Algeria .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
I4l
4l
4i
N. Tunis
. J. I. S. Whitaker.
I4t9s
Al
8
Constantine
British Museum (E. Richardson Cox)
Hi
Hi
4l
7
5^
Do.
Algeria
Royal Scottish Museum (E. Richard
son Cox).
A. Louw.
-Hi
Do.
. C. S. Mann.
-Hi
4
ll
Do.
American National Collection.
9i3l
3h
7h
Do.
. E. N. Buxton.
i3§
4i
7i
Do. .
Hon. G. Gordon.
13
3i
6g
Do. .
. A. F. Williams.
13
4
5
Do.
G. L. Harrison.
9 11
2*
5s
Do.
. J. I. S. Whitaker.
- Owner's measurements
ARABIAN GAZELLE 249
The ARABIAN GAZELLE (Gazella arabica).
From the edmi the ordinary Arabian race of this gazelle, as met
with at Aden, may be distinguished by its smaller size, smoother
hair, and darker colour, the general tint of the upper-parts being dark
smoky fawn, with a distinct dark flank-band, the central face-band
rufous fawn, and a black spot on the tip of the nose. The horns are
relatively small. Height at shoulder, 24 or 25 inches. The Aden race
has been named G. a. erlangeri ; the typical race, G. a. typica, which is
from the island of Farsan, in the Red Sea, being lighter, with no dark
flank-band. The Sinaitic G. a. rueppelli is coloured like dorcas with
the face-markings of a. erlangeri ; the nose being reddish brown with a
distinct blackish spot.
Distribution. — Western and South Arabia, where it is known as
ghasal, its Syrian title being ariel or aiel.
Ownei.
II. H. Youssouf Kamal.
Dr. Albert von Stephani.
. British Museum (the late W. T.
Blanford).
Charterhouse Museum.
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
Col. H. G. C. Swayne.
Owner's measurements.
^engtn 01
front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
T.p.
Locality.
log
4l
4i
Syria
-ioi
4i
44
S. Arabia
H
4
2
Mocha, South Arabia
?7i
2
4?
?
4i
3h
31
South Arabia
9 4i
if
25
?
250 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Dorcas Gazelle.
The DORCAS GAZELLE (Gazella dorcas).
Rozal or Hemar, Algerian Arabic. Ghasal, Syria.
The typical race of this species is characterised by the indistinctness
of the dark lateral band dividing the fawn of the upper-parts from the
white beneath, and the perfectly lyrate form of the horns, which are of
medium length, with the middle portion twisted outwardly, and the
tips converging towards one another; ears short (125 mm.). Height
at shoulder, 21 to 22 inches; total length, about 42 inches. General
colour of upper-parts pale fawn, of rather variable tint, with the face-
markings distinct.
Distribution. — Typically Lower Egypt ; thence eastwards to Palestine
and Syria ; westwards to the plains of Morocco, Algeria ; and
southwards to Nigeria and the Sudan.
.4.— TYPICAL RACE.
Owner.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
. F. P. Nathan.
H. II. Youssouf Kamal.
Capt. L. Buxton.
. Capt. B. W. Y. Danford.
Owner's measurements.
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality
i3i
3i
2l
?
i3§
41
2%
Kordofan
13*
4
31
Syria .
-I3i
Kordofan
13
44
2
Sudan
DORCAS GAZELLE 251
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
13
4
31
El Obeid, Kordofan .
Capt. J. G. A. Massy.
I2|
4
zl
Sudan . ■ .
Capt. C. P. Heywood.
I2|
35
4
Algeria
A. Louw.
I2|
4
4l
Kordofan .
Capt. J. C. Graham.
TO3
X^3
4
i|
Do
Lord Villiers.
I2|
4
3
5
P. K. Glazebrook.
I2§
3i
4§-
Sudan
Lieut. -Gen. Sir B. T. Mahon.
I2|
4
3§
Kordofan
Capt. P. E. Vaughan.
12*
n5
05
3i
Southern Sahara
J. I. S. Whitaker.
I2i
4
2|
Kordofan .
Lieut. -Col. C. J. Hawker.
T2l
41
3
Do. ...
Major C. S. Cumberland.
I2§
31
Southern Sahara .
British Museum.
I2g
31
2
Sudan
H.H. Prince Omar Toussoun.
"i
4i
3
Palestine
P. B. Vander Byl.
I2i
3i
5
Kordofan . .
G. L. Harrison.
124
4l
31
Do. ...
Major J. H. Rivers.
Mi
31,
2|
Do. ...
Capt. R. A. McClymont.
12
,3
02
Do. ...
Capt. F .L. Livingstone-Learmonth.
12
3-4
31
Do. . . .
. B. Chew.
12
34
51
Do. ...
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
12
3a
,3
2S
Do. ...
Capt. J. P. V. Hawksley.
12
4
31
Southern Sahara
J. H. Thomas.
"1
31
48
?
R. E. Fawkes.
"i
4
4
Kordofan
Major G. Lumsden.
»i
4
2
Do. ...
Capt. C. E. Hills.
Ilf
4i
51
Do
Walter Jones.
II|
4
4
Do
Norman B. Smith.
"I
4
33
Algeria
E. C. Miller.
"1
3t
if
Dongola . . .
Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
9 ni
2rs
51
Kordofan .
Major J. H. Rivers.
n|
4
31
N. Nigeria
C. S. Burnett.
I0|
4i
2i
Lake Chad
Major J. K. Cochrane.
-?9l
Algeria
- Owner's measuremen
A. E. Pease.
s.
252
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
^.—ABYSSINIAN (ISABELLA) RACE (Gazella dorcas isabella).
Gannai of the natives.
The so-called Isabella gazelle is now regarded as the Abyssinian
race of dorcas. It is typically characterised by the tips of the horns
being strongly hooked inwards so as to form nearly or completely a
right angle. The colour of the upper-parts is rufous fawn, with the
lateral band well developed. Height at shoulder, about 25 inches.
Length on Circum-
front curve. ference.
Distribution. — Abyssinia.
Tip to Tip. Locality.
4 Komayli, Abyssinia
Owner.
British Museum (the late W. T.
Blanford).
ERYTHRAEAN GAZELLE (Gazella littoralis).
Ghazal of the Sudanese.
Rather smaller than G. dorcas ; general colour pale reddish fawn,
with a pale lateral band, and the dark flank-band rich rufous or madder-
brown ; nose-spot blackish; ears very long, 144 mm. Skull long and low,
with the brain-case flatter, the profile from crown to occiput less nearly
vertical, and the basisphenoid more inclined than in dorcas ; auditory
bullae small ; row of upper cheek-teeth larger (56 mm.) than in dorcas
but the molars narrower.
Distribution. — The African coast of the Red Sea, from Suakin
northwards, and adjacent parts of Nubian desert.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
"I
4
I I
38
II
-.7
II
4
iog
3
log
4l
lOf
4
iog
3l
iog
4
\o\
3k
1 of
3k
10}
3f
10J
3l
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
3
Red S
sa Province
H. G. Watson.
31
Do.
Capt. the Hon. G. H. Douglas-
Pennant.
2|
Do.
W. B. Cotton.
3k
Do.
G. L. Harrison.
-j 3
Jo
Do.
P. H. Thomas.
4l
Do.
Capt. P. C. Lord.
Al
Do.
N. C. Cockburn.
3\
Do.
W. Mure.
3k
Do.
W. H. Lindsay.
3
Do.
G. C. Whitaker.
2
Do.
J. H. Miller.
4
Suakin
C. E. Russell.
21
Sudan
Major H. II. S. Morant.
SPEKE'S GAZELLE
253
Head of Speke's Gazelle.
SPEKE'S GAZELLE (Gazella spekei).
Dhero, Somali.
From the edmi and its allies, with which it agrees in its leading
characteristics, this gazelle is readily distinguished by the development
of a flabby corrugated elevation on the skin of the nose of both sexes.
The coat is thick and the general colour of the upper - parts pale
brownish fawn, with the lateral band darker than in the other members
of the sub-group. Height at shoulder, from 23 to 24 inches.
The protuberance on the nose is connected with the sexual
function ; in dead specimens it exhibits a slight cavity beneath the
skin which can be inflated by blowing air into the nostrils, and it seems
therefore capable of distension during life.
Length
on front
curve.
I2j
II|
"I
"I
III
Hi
Distribution.-
— The plateau
of Somaliland.
Circum- Tip to
ference. Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
4 51
Somaliland .
Col. P. Schletter.
-.3 -,3
Do.
A. F. Williams.
31 4l
Do.
Col. H. G. C. Swayne.
3l 24
Do.
Gen. Sir Arthur Paget.
,3 03
4h 2i
Do.
T. W. II. Clarke.
-,3 ,3
3s 3?
Do.
Capt. A. H. W. Temple
254
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
Hi
33
2|
Somaliland .
. , . Capt. H. du B. O'Neill.
«i
4
4i
Do.
. Col. H. D. Olivier.
«i
4
4
Do.
. W. H. Cobb.
"i
41
4
Do.
Capt. H. W. Thorpe.
«i
34
4
Do.
A. de L. Long.
«i
4
4
Do.
Major P. C. Elliott-Lockhart
«i
4
4i
Do.
Capt. F. R. Tarleton.
-"i
4
5i
Do.
R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
"1
4
Si
Do.
C. Liddell.
ii
4
4l
Do.
J. H. Whitehouse.
ii
4
4
Do.
A. H. Straker.
ii
3l
5
Do.
Lieut. -Col. H. C. Morland.
ii
4l
3i
Do.
Lord Delamere.
ii
34
4
Do.
Capt. A. E. H. Breslin.
ii
4
25
Do.
Dr. R. E. Drake-Brockman.
io|
4
4l
Do.
P. H. Thomas.
iol
3i
3S
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
IO|
3?
4l
Do.
. J. H. Miller.
lof
4l
5i
Do.
Major B. R. M. Glossop.
IO|
4
4
Do.
R. McD. Hawker.
IO|
3i
3
Do.
. C. N. Welsh.
I of
3i
31
Do. .
E. Lort-Phillips.
IOf
4
3i
Do.
Major B. Vincent.
I of
4
4i
Do.
A. Louw.
I0|
4
3i
Do.
Col. E. St. C. Pemberton.
?9i
2^
3i
Do.
. T. W. H. Clarke.
Owner's measurements.
PELZELN'S GAZELLE
255
Head of Pelzeln's Gazelle.
PELZELN'S GAZELLE (Gazella pelzelni).
Dhero, Somali.
This species, the lowland gazelle of Somaliland, is nearly related
to the last, from which it differs by the absence both of the corrugated
elevation on the nose and of the black spot on the muzzle. It is also
slightly larger than Speke's gazelle, the height at the shoulder being
about 2 5 inches ; and its colour is somewhat more rufous, the light
flank -band being distinct, and the dark band rufous brown, only
slightly darker than the back, without any tendency to blackness.
The dark and light bands on the cheeks are relatively short and
indistinct.
Distribution. — The plains of northern Somaliland, bordering the sea.
Within fifty miles of the shore this gazelle is exceedingly numerous,
and may often be seen in large herds.
Length on .-,.
c . Circum-
front r
ierence.
curve.
14
13^
'3
3f
4i
Tip to
Tip.
4A
4i
4S
Locality.
Somaliland
Do
Do.
Owner.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
W. Mure.
A. de L. Long.
256
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
ength on
front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Localit}7.
Owner.
13
4
6i
Somaliland
. H. D. Briggs.
I2l
-, 1
02
51
Do.
. Capt. H. McLear.
I2|
->7
51
Do.
. Capt. H. C. Dobbs.
125
44
4i
Do.
R. P. Dennistoun-Webster.
I2i
->3
44
Do.
Col. H. G. C. Swayne.
I2J
4i
5k
Do.
Lord Delamere.
I2J
4
4i
Do.
. Major K. L. W. Mackenzie.
12
3i
51
Do.
. Capt. F. W. Richey.
12
3i
44
Do.
Major A. G. Stevenson.
12
->3
5i
Do.
Viscount Edmond de Poncins.
12
51
32
54
Do.
. Major C. R. Kelly.
II|
4
5
Do.
. Lieut. H. V. B. Firman, R.N
II|
4i
4
Do.
Dr. R. E. Drake-Brockman.
Ilf
4
3i
Do.
. Capt. H. du B. O'Neill.
"i
J2
5i
Do.
. T. W. H. Clarke.
Hi
3k
44
Do.
. Lieut. -Col. H. C. Morland.
"i
3i
5
Do.
. Capt. W. H. Williamson.
115
3i
44
Do.
. C. S. Mann.
»i
-.3
0-4
4g
Do.
. W. F. Whitehouse.
«i
3i
4l
Do.
Capt. G. W. Denison.
99
Do.
. C. S. Mann.
9 8^
2*
3k
Do.
. W. F. Whitehouse.
RH1M OR LOEER'S GAZELLE
257
Horns of Loder's Gazelle.
The RHIM or LODER'S GAZELLE (Gazella leptoceros).
Rhim, Arabic.
Although originally described so long ago as the year 1842, very
little was known of this gazelle till specimens were procured by Sir
E. G. Loder, and described as a new species under the name of G.
loderi. Further investigation proved them to be inseparable from the
species named by F. Cuvier. This species is easily recognisable by
the long and slender form of the nearly straight horns of the bucks,
and the very pale tone of colouring of the upper-parts, which may
be described as pale sandy fawn, with the characteristic gazelle-
markings only indistinctly defined. On the face the dark streaks are
sandy instead of rufous, and the light bands on the flanks are almost
imperceptible, while the dark ones below them are pale sandy with the
very slightest tinge of brown ; the tail being sandy at the base, and
gradually darkening to brownish black towards the tip. In the male
the horns are about twice the length of the head, very slender, and
closely and heavily ridged almost to the tips. Knee-brushes very
small. Height at shoulder, about 28 inches. Weight, 34 lbs.
S
258
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Distribution. — The desert tracts of the interior of Western Egypt,
thence extending southwards into Nubia and Sennar ; represented
by a distinct race on the sand-dunes of the Algerian and Tunisian
Sahara.
A— TYPICAL RACE.
Length on Circum-
front curve, ference.
Tip to Tip.
i3i
4i
Locality.
Fayum, Egypt
Owner.
Capt. S. S. Flower.
^.—TUNISIAN RACE (G. leptoceros loderi).
:ngtn on
nt curve.
circum-
ference.
Tip to T
p. Locality.
Owner.
i5l
3i
71
Tunisian Sahara .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
i5i
3l
6i
South of Biskra .
. , Dr. Dawtrey Drewitt.
i5l
4
4i
Tunisian Sahara .
. J. I. S. Whitaker.
15
31
71
Algerian Sahara .
G. L. Harrison.
15
02
4i
?
J. C. Phillips.
14J
3l
51
South of Biskra .
American National Collection
14 A
Si
4l
Algerian Sahara .
Sir Abe Bailey.
I4§
34
8
?
C. S. Mann.
Mi
31
61
Algerian Sahara .
H. H. Prince Omar Toussoun.
144
31
10*
Do. .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
14
3l
3
Do. .
. Hon. R. A. Ward.
*3f
3f
51
Do. .
. W. E. Pease.
I3i
31
82
Tunisian Sahara .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
i3i
31
10
Algerian Sahara .
British Museum.
i3i
31
3l
?
A. Louw.
i3i
31
51
Tunisian Sahara .
. J. I. S. Whitaker.
n|
2
3i
Do.
Sir Abe Bailey.
HEUGLIN'S GAZELLE
259
Head of Heuglin's Gazelle.
HEUGLIN'S GAZELLE (Gazella tilonura).
Tel-Badu, Tigri.
This well-marked species represents a small sub-group in which
the dark band on the flanks is very strongly defined, and black in
colour ; the present species being distinguished from its allies by the
abrupt inward hooking of the tips of the horns. The general colour is
deep sandy, with the central face-band but little darker than the back,
no black nose-spot, and the tail sandy at the base but black elsewhere.
Height at shoulder, about 27 inches.
Distribution. — Bogosland, Abyssinia, Sennar, and Northern
Bahr-el-Ghazal.
>engm on
Dnt curve.
circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
Hi
4i
3i
Atbara River .
W. B. Cotton.
II|
5
2
Sudan
Major F. J. L. Howard.
"5
4i
2
Atbara River .
. W. B. Cotton.
Ilf
4
7
Sudan
H. Leney.
II
4
3i
Do.
Lord Villiers.
io|
41
2i
Do.
H. Boughton Leigh.
iof
31
4l
?
E. Lort-Phillips.
lOf
4
21
Bogosland
British Museum.
iol
4§
3
Near Kassala .
Prince Colloredo Mannsfeld
10J
44
31
Sudan
C. E. Russell.
i<4
4*
4i
Basaland
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
10J
4i
2j
?
Col. Ralph Vivian.
10
4l
21
Setit Valley .
Earl of Sefton.
?7
21
3i
Do.
Do.
260
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Red-fronted Gazelle.
The KORIN or RED -FRONTED GAZELLE (Gazella rufifrons).
Seni, Gambian.
Bavewa, Hausa.
El Hamra, Dinka.
Ngdr, Sudani.
This medium -sized and rather stoutly built species agrees with
Heuglin's gazelle in the narrow dark brown flank-band, but differs by
the absence of a distinct inward hooking of the tips of the horns.
The general colour of the upper parts is deep sandy rufous, brightening
into rich rufous on the forehead and face, where there is no nose-spot.
The tail, with the exception of the sandy upper surface of the basal
portion, is black. Horns relatively small, regularly divergent, curving
at first slightly backwards and then forwards, heavily ridged till the
terminal two or three inches.
Distribution. — Senegal, Gambia, Northern Nigeria, Kordofan, and White
Nile, to Northern Uganda. The typical race is from Gambia and
Nigeria ; the eastern race being distinguished as G. r. Icevipes, with
which the so-called G. salmi is identical.
KORIN OR RED-FRONTED GAZELLE
261
.4.— TYPICAL RACE (G. rufifrons typica).
Length on
ront curve.
Circum
ference
i3i
4§
i?i
5
1 2
4i
nf
4i
"4
4l
ui
4l
n|
4i
"i
44
"i
4*
»i
4l
11
44
11
4i
11
4i
9 9^
24
ip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
Si
Northern N
geria
Capt. C. V. Boyle.
44
Do.
Capt. L. C. Brodie.
51
Do.
Capt. A. C. Aubin.
3S
Do.
Capt. G. Bonham-Carter.
44
Do.
H. C. Bridges.
4l
Do.
C. Francis.
4l
Do.
Capt. G. C. Kelly.
4f
Do.
Capt. C. C. West.
4i
Do.
F. B. Gall.
4
Do.
Major R. McDouall.
3i
Do.
C. S. Burnett.
4f
Do.
Major J. G. Browne.
4l
Do.
Capt. Lord Henry Seymour
44
Do.
Capt. L. C. Brodie.
^.—EASTERN RACE (G. rufifrons laevipes).
Length on
front curve.
134
i3i
13
13
13
I2|
I2f
I2f
I2§
I2|
I2§
124
124
124
124
I2§
I2§
I2i
I2i
12*
12
12
12
12
12
12
? I04
Circum-
ference.
Si
4l
54
4l
44
4i
44
Al
4%
4l
4i
5
4l
44
5
5
5
A 9
4 is
44
4l
4S
48
41
4i
4f
5
Tip to Tip.
Locality
74
White Nile
6§
Kordofan .
8
White Nile
4l
Do.
Do.
54
Kordofan .
71
Do.
7
White Nile
7
Do.
4i
Kordofan .
6|
White Nile
5
Do.
6i
Do.
6
Do.
54
Kordofan .
4i
White Nile
51
Do.
5i
Do.
51
Do.
5i
Do.
6
Do.
51
Do.
6
Do.
51
Do.
44
Kordofan .
6
Sudan
,3
25
Kordofan
Owner.
Lieut.-Col. J. W. Yardley.
B. Chew.
F. W. Greswolde-Williams.
Capt. R. F. Balfour.
Capt. A. H. Vivian.
Col. A. Colville.
Capt. C. E. Hills.
Capt. B. W. Y. Danford.
R. McD. Hawker.
Capt. B. H. S. Romilly
H. Cookson.
Capt. E. Berry.
Capt. J. C. Graham.
J. C. Phillips.
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
C. Cookson.
R. H. Willan.
Lieut. -Gen. Sir B. T. Mahon.
C. Bower Ismay.
Col. II. W. Guinness.
Norman B. Smith.
Major J. F. Wolseley.
Lieut. W. B. Drury, R.N.
T. D. M. Cardeza.
Lieut.-Col. C.J. Hawker.
A. L. Butler.
G. L. Harrison.
262
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Mongala Gazelle.
From the type specimen.
MONGALA GAZELLE (Gazella albonotata).
Closely allied to G. tJiomsoni, of which it may be merely a race.
Distribution. — According to the late Capt. H. S. Logan, from Gondokoro,
in Uganda, to Bor, in the Mongala district of the Sudan, on the
Abyssinian side of the Bahr-el-Gebel.
;ngth on
front.
Circum
ference
I2§
4i
I2§
4i
I2§
4l
12
5
12
41
"3
5
Ilf
4i
"1
44
II
4i
iog
41
iog
41
10
4fi
?4§
ri
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
6^
Mongala .
Capt. P. E. Vaughan.
4
Do. .
P. Niedieck.
6i
Do.
Major A. W. Jennings Bramly.
3
Do. .
Duke of Alba.
5
Do.
Capt. E. E. B. Mackintosh.
5
Do. .
Capt. R. F. Balfour.
5
Do.
Capt. B. W. Y. Danford.
3i
Do.
Major P. M. Dove.
4}
Do.
Capt. P. A. Wilson.
3
Pihor River
Col. J. J. Asser.
31
Mongala .
J. V. Colby.
5?
Do.
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
(Type specimen.)
C. Logan.
THOMSON'S GAZELLE
263
Heads of Thomson's Gazelle.
THOMSON'S GAZELLE (Gazella thomsoni).
Sivalla, Svvahili. Engoli, Masai.
The distinct black nose - spot, the pure white eye-streak, and the
great depth of the black flank-band serve to distinguish this species from
G. rufifrons', with which it agrees in the general form of the horns.
The prevailing colour of the upper parts is deep sandy rufous, with all
the markings well developed and sharply defined ; the central face-
streak being a deeper rufous mingled with black, and having a black spot,
and the light flank-band present, although only slightly paler than the
back. There is also a narrow black band bordering the white on the
sides of the rump. The horns are long, and rather like those of the
Indian gazelle on an enlarged scale. Height at shoulder of males, from
about 25 to 27 inches; of females, about 23^ inches. Weight of
bucks, from 52 to 62 lbs.; of does, about 32 lbs. The species has
been divided by a German naturalist into a number of races, but at
least many of these can scarcely be regarded as valid.
Distribution. — The interior districts of British and German East
Africa, from Lake Rudolf southwards to Irangi.
:64
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
16I
5
4i
East Africa
H. Fowler.
i6i
4-4
5
Do.
Earl of Kingston.
16
4§
44
Do.
. • . W. A. Baird.
16
4l
3h
Do.
Lady Margaret Loder.
iSi
44
5s
Do.
. J. G. Millais.
i5l
44
7
Do.
Sir Richard Dane.
i5i
5
44
Do.
R. de la Huerta.
i5l
5i
4l
Do.
H. Irvine.
i5l
4l
6
Do.
. W. N. McMillan.
1 si
44
44
Do.
. C. W. Turner.
15I
5
4l
Do.
. W. P. Lowe.
15I
44
54
Do.
. Major H..B. Dalgety.
iSf
4i
34
Do.
C. J. Murray.
isi
44
64
Do.
. E. M. Crosfield.
1 51
5
3h
Do.
. F. W. Belt.
i54
4l
54
Do.
Duke of Peneranda.
i5i
4l
t3
04
Do.
Sir F. J. Jackson.
i5i
44
3
Do.
. Capt. M. L. Pears.
i5l
4i
51
Do.
G. Henry.
15S
41
5
Do.
Stephenson R. Clarke.
i5l
54
44
Do.
G. P. L. Cosens.
iSf
44
3
Do.
The Master of Belhaven.
i5i
4l
Si
Do.
N. C. Cockburn.
i5i
4i
4§
Do.
British Museum (Sir F. J. Jackson)
1 Si
44
44
Do.
. Major A. E. Smith.
iSi
44
5
Do.
Guy Fenwick.
i5i
5
4h
Do.
. C. B. C. Storey.
iSi
5
3i
Do.
Gerard Buxton.
i5i
44
»i
Do.
. F. C. Cobb.
154
4|
6
Do.
Sir J. Hume Campbell, Bart.
i5i
4l
5s
Do.
Lord Basil Blackwood.
T -1
OH
4l
6
Do.
Capt. C. Brook.
154
54
5
Do.
I. N. Dracopoli.
154
5
6|
Do.
. Major W. E. Stobart.
15
4l
4
Do.
. H. B. Tate.
15
44
5i
Do.
. Major C. U. Price.
15
4i
si
Do.
B. Dominick.
15
5
4
Do.
. J. F. Franks.
15
4i
4g
Do.
. Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
15
5
5i
Do.
F. Santos Saurez.
15
4l
4f
Do.
. Capt. R. A. McClymont.
15
5
4
Do.
. W. J. Barry.
15
5
6
Do.
Lord Wodehouse.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS:
i6g
54
5*
German East Africa .
S.
E. White.
16
44
2
East Africa
c.
S. Mann.
*6J
2
24
Do.
c.
Steuart Betton.
GRANT'S GAZELLE
265
Skull and Horns of Grant's Gazelle.
GRANT'S GAZELLE (Gazella [Nanger] granti).
Suara, Swahili. Ngoli, Nodorobo.
This handsome species is the first of a group of gazelles char-
acterised by their large size and by the fawn colour of the back being
encroached upon to a greater or less degree by the white of the rump.
In this species the horns are very long and typically lyrate ; there
is a dark streak on the front border of each side of the rump-patch ;
the middle face-streak is chestnut, with a black nose-spot ; and the tail,
with the exception of the black crest, is either wholly white, or sandy
above and white beneath. On the neck and back the hair has a
peculiar wavy appearance, recalling that of watered silk. Height at
shoulder, from about 32 to 34 inches ; weight of male, from about 150
to 165 lbs., when cleaned, about 1 1 5 lbs.
Distribution. — East Africa ; throughout Masailand, Kilimanjaro, north
of Baringo, Mount Elgon, and the Suk country ; generally on
open grass -lands. In G. granti typica, of the interior of East
Africa, the flank-bands are faint in the adult, and the fawn area
does not extend far on to the white of the rump-patch. In the
Usukuma race, G. g. robertsi, the horns show a peculiar outward
twist, so that their points are far apart. In the Tana G. g. petersi
the stature is smaller, the horns are nearly straight, and the fawn
266
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
of the back extends along the middle of the upper surface of the
tail. In the Loroghi G. g. notata the flank-bands are very distinct
with a dark one above and below the light one, and the horns
are nearly straight. The Lado G. g. brighti is a small race,
without dark flank-bands, and a narrow black border to the rump-
patch. The Abaya G. g. laccuum, which is also rather small, has
a dark flank-band in the young, and horns of the petersi type.
A.— Many of the following belong to the TYPICAL RACE.
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
29
7
14
East Africa
. R. O. Preston.
29
6^
20|
Do.
Sheffield Neave.
281
6|
13!
Do.
. A. Fowler.
28f
6|
171
Do.
. Capt. F. W. Barrett.
28^
6|
154
Do.
Sir F. J. Jackson.
28J
6|
131
Do.
Capt. E. C. Hamilton.
2%\
7
i7i
Do.
Lord Wodehouse.
28
7
21
Do.
. K. V. Painter.
28
7h
16
Do.
. • Douglas M'Douall.
28
6|
24I
Do.
. Capt. N. E. Playfair.
27$
6|
i8|
Do.
. H. C. V. Hunter.
27|
6|
14
Do.
. J. Jay White.
27f
6|
11
Do.
. C. C. Wilson.
273
7
18
Do.
Major G. E. Tuson.
27a
7i
i6|
Do.
. W. H. Levy.
27*
6^
6|
Do. r
Capt. A. Neave.
27i
7
17
Do.
. Capt. D. H. Macdonell.
27I
7i
13
Do. .. ' .
. Lieut. -Col. G. S. McLoughlin
27h
7
i7l
Do.
. R. B. Loder.
27!
6|
20|
Do.
H. Fowler.
27*
6|
8|
Do.
R. B. Seager.
27}
6i
i8|
Do.
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
27i
7
19
Do.
Marquis of Waterford.
27i
7
i6i
Do.
. E. H. Litchfield.
27
7
■Si
Do.
. A. J. A. Douglas.
27
7
\2\
Do.
. H. T. Barclay.
27
7
20
Do.
. Major Lord J. S. Cavendish.
27
6|
Mi
Do.
. Dr. A. E. Herz.
27
7i
i4l
Do.
. L. M. Douglas.
27
7
i6|
Do.
Hugh G. Barclay.
GRANT'S GAZELLE
267
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
27
6£
22^
East Africa
G. Williams.
27
6J
II|
Do.
. C. W. Fuller.
27
7
145
Do.
C. Fahnestock.
27
6£
IO
Do.
Sir Owen Phillips.
26|
11
I4l
Do.
. J. G. Millais.
26|
7
i4i
Do.
. A. Bayley-Worthington
26|
6i
121
Do.
. Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
3°l
n
20
Kilimanjaro
284
7
i.5l
Do.
926J
51
i9i
Do.
Major F. A. Dickinson.
C. S. Mann.
Nairobi Club.
Skull and Horns of G. sranti robertsi.
Length
on front
29
28
28
B.— UStTKUMA EACE (G. granti robertsi).
Owner.
W. N. McMillan.
Capt. R. S. Hart.
Capt. C. Brook.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality
6|
23i
?
28^
K<
d
ang
Valley
6i
29
?
268
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
*27i
6*
22
Lemek Valley
26j
6*
20j
East Africa
26|
6i
20
Do.
26§
6
22|
Do.
26^
5S
23i
Do.
26^
6^
25i
Do. .
26I
H
25i
Do.
26i
6|
19!
Do.
26^
6
172
Do.
26|
6
26^
Do.
261
6i
24
Do.
25*
6
i'8i
Do.
25I
5i
251
Do.
24I
6
I8J
Do.
24i
28
German East Africa
Owner.
Capt. the Hon. O. H. Stanley.
Mrs. A. K. Muir.
C. Bower Ismay.
II. Johnson.
A. Fowler.
H. Sampson.
H. Fowler.
H. R. M'Clure.
G. P. L. Cosens.
R. B. Muir.
J. F. Franks.
Capt. H. C. S. Ashton.
Capt. H. C. Hart.
F. C. Stern.
British Museum (F. Russell
Roberts and G. Blaine).
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
28J Sh 38i Sotik . . . . R. J. Cuninghame.
* Determination provincial.
C— TANA RACE (G. granti petersi).
Distribution. — Coast districts of East Africa.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Lc
23!
6i
1 1
E. Africa .
22^
6|
8
Voi
22^
6f
S7»
Mherereni
22
5i
7h
Tana Valley
2I|
61
11
«i
6g
H
2li
H
6h
21
6i
9
Tana Valley
2o£
51
9h
Do.
ZO\
51
5§
Do.
Locality.
Owner.
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
British Museum (Sir F. J. Jackson).
G. Blaine.
Major L. Boyd -Moss.
T. F. V. Buxton.
C. S. Mann.
C. H. Young.
Capt. C. Hankey.
Major H. De Pree.
SCEMMERRING'S GAZELLE 269
Head of Scemmerring's Gazelle.
The AOUL or SCEMMERRING'S GAZELLE (Gazella [Nanger] soemmerringi).
Aoul, Somali. Meidafihel, Abyssinian.
Maededo, Danakil. Ariel, Sudani.
In this species the white of the rump-patch intrudes more into the
fawn-area than in grant i ; there is generally no black streak dividing
the sides of the rump-patch from the fawn of the body, the face-
markings are black, and the horns, which are shorter and more massive
than in granti, hook inwards at the tips. The tail, except for its
black crest, is white. Height at shoulder, about 35^ inches. Weight,
clean, about 90 lbs.
Distribution. — The Abyssinian coast of the Red Sea, Berber, East
Sennar, Danakil, Bora-Gallaland, and Somaliland ; in the latter
country occurring all over the Haud and Ogaden. The North
Somali G. s. berberana is larger and darker than the typical form,
with differently curved horns.
A.— SOMALI RACE (G. soemmerringi berberana).
Length on Circum- .... „,. T ..
front curve. ference. J »P t0 TlP" Locality. Owner.
23 4I 13I Somaliland . . . G. H. Kirkpatrick.
21 Si 10 Do. ... Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
270
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
21
6i
4l
Somaliland
. Col. V. M. Stockley.
20*
6S
Do.
. W. N. McMillan.
20|
51
3§
Do.
G. H. Cheetham.
20j
6
4g
Do.
Norman B. Smith.
20\
5i
71
Do.
. .Capt. A. E. Burnett.
2<3£
51
3
Do.
. Capt. J. W. C. Kirk.
2o£
Si
6|
Do.
. Capt. A. E. H. Breslin.
20£
51
81
Do.
Major F. Rowley.
20
Si
51
Do.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
20
5S
4
Do.
. Lieut.-Col. J. W. H. Flanagan.
20
6
7i
Do.
A. Louw.
20
5i
51
Danakil
Viscount Edmond de Poncins.
9-20
5S
Somaliland
A. E. Pease.
20
51
Si
Do.
. Capt. II. du B. O'Neill.
20
5J
Do.
. Maj.-Gen. Sir A. N. Rochfort.
20
5i
iog
Do.
G. Blaine.
10,1
5i
6|
Do.
Sir Abe Bailey.
i9i
5*
51
Do.
. T. W. II. Clarke.
i9i
C 9
5 ITT
2
Do.
. Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart,
i9i
51
4l
Do.
Major J. J. Richardson.
i9i
51
4l
Do.
Count J. Potocki.
I9i
5i
i5i
Do.
. R. McD. Hawker.
I9i
Si
41
Do.
Major B. L. Carew.
i9i
51
7S
Do.
. Capt. H. C. Dobbs.
i9i
51
72
Do.
P. K. Glazebrook.
Owner's measurements.
Length on Circum
front curve, ference.
17 5
i6| Si
i6J 5*
B.— TYPICAL RACE (G. soemmerringi typica)
Locality.
Tip to Tip.
5 Sudan
io Do.
31 Do.
Owner.
Count J. Potocki.
J. H. Butler.
Prince Colloredo Mannsfeld.
SCEMMERRING'S GAZELLE
271
Length on
front curve.
Circum
ference
i6|
5
i6£
6
16
5i
16
5
16
5
16
4i
16
51
I5S
51
1 Si
51
i5§
51
i5l
51
1 Si
SI
- 15I
5
1 Si
Si
?i5i
2i
iSi
5
15
(5
15
5
15
51
15
51
Tip to Tip.
Loc
ality.
51
Sudan .
Si
Do. .
5
Do. .
4i
Do. .
3i
Do. .
Si
Do. .
3
Do. .
4i
Do. .
51
Do. .
5
Do. .
^4
Do. .
5
Do. .
5
Do. .
6|
Do. .
71
Do. .
4i
Do. .
4|
Do. .
6
Suakin .
6|
Sudan .
2g
Do. .
Owner.
C. D. Eyre.
W. H. Lindsay.
Commdr. A. H. Home, R.N.
Capt. N. A. Orr-Ewing.
G. L. Harrison.
Col. A. Colville.
H. G. Watson.
W. H. Diggle.
Major H. H. S. Morant.
C. Bower Ismay.
Capt. P. C. Lord.
Col. Ralph Vivian.
Major Lord J. S. Cavendish.
Earl of Sefton.
The late Lieut. -Col. Hon. W.
Coke.
Miss C. Buxton.
H. S. Smiley.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
F. W. Greswolde-Williams.
Hugh C. E. Ross.
C. — BORANI RACE (G. scemmerringi butteri).
Length on
front curve.
i3i
Circum-
ference.
44
Tip to Tip.
02
Locality.
Boraland
Owner.
A. E. Butter.
272 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Addra Gazelle.
The DAMA, MHORR, or ADDRA GAZELLE (Gazella [Nanger] dama).
Addra, Dongolese. Riel, Dinka. Ariel, Sudani.
The largest species of the genus Gazella, standing 36 or 37 inches
at the shoulder, and characterised by the white of the rump including
the tail (which may be tipped with fawn), coupled with the absence' of
a black border to the rump-patch and of a dark flank-band, and the
forward hook of the tips of the horns. In the mhorr or Moroccan race
(G. d. mhorr) of Southern Morocco there are dark face-markings, and
the rufous of the body extends down the legs. In the Senegambian
G. d. permista the rufous occupies a smaller area on the body, and
there is only a narrow bridge connecting the rufous of the back with
that of the hind-legs, while in the fore-legs the upper part is wholly
white, and there is only a rufous streak in front below the knee. The
typical G. d. typica, probably from Lake Chad, connects the mhorr
with the addra or Kordofan race (G. d. ruficollis), in which the rufous
is limited to the neck and a saddle-shaped area on the back.
Distribution. — The desert regions of northern, western, and north-
eastern Africa, from Nigeria and Senegambia through Morocco to
Kordofan.
DAMA GAZELLE
273
.4.— TYPICAL RACE (G. dama typica).
Length on Circum- Tip to
front curve. ference. Tip.
Locality.
Hi
51
84
Lake Chad
14
H
5i
Do. .
13S
H
9
Do. . . .
13?
Sh
6|
Do. . . .
13I
5f
71
Do. .
13I
C-2
3i
Do. . . .
i"3fi
5b
8§
Do.
i3i
5i
6J
Do. . . .
131
51
3
Do. . . .
"i
51
6
N. Nigeria
VI2^
34
Lake Chad
I2|
51
6f
Do. .
Owner.
C. S. Burnett.
Capt. L. C. Brodie.
Capt. G. Bonham-Carter.
Capt. A. B. Baillie-Hamilton.
Major J. B. Cockburn.
Major D. F. MacCarthy Morrogh.
J. Goold-Adams.
F. Beccles Gall.
Capt. Lord Henry Seymour.
Capt. G. C. Kelly.
C. S. Mann.
Sir F. J. Lugard.
B.— SENEGAMBIAN RACE (G. dama permista).
Length on Circum- Tip to
front curve. ference. Tip.
84 34 5§
Locality.
?
Owner.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
C— MHORR or MOROCCAN RACE (G. dama mhorr).
Length on Circum-
front curve, ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
3! Wednoon, Mogador .
Owner.
British Museum (W. Willshire).
D.— ADDRA or KORDOFAN RACE (G. dama ruficollis).
Locality. Owner.
Kordofan .... Capt. B. H. S. Romilly.
Do Col. A. Colville.
Do Capt. C. E. Hills.
Do H. A. MacMichael.
- Owner's measurements.
Length on
ront curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
1 51
6
"4
154
Si
81
i5i
54
154
-i5i
51
6
274
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
-15
Kordofan
A. L. Butler.
-15
5§
H
Do.
J. C. Phillips.
Hi
5
-.7
JS
Do.
W. Mure.
i4i
6
7
Do.
Major II. G. F. Stallard.
14!
51
lOf
Do.
G. L. Harrison.
143
4S
92
Do.
Lord Villiers.
H%
52
6§
Do.
Norman B. Smith.
Hi
52
62
Do.
Walter Jones.
Hi
5f
Us
Do.
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
Hi
5i
72
Do.
Lieut. -Col. C. J. Hawker.
1 4s
5*
5f
Do.
Capt. R. A. McClymont.
I4l
51
8j
Do.
Capt. G. M. Lumsden.
Ml
5
91
Dongola
Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
Hi
5s
11
Kordofan
Capt. A. K. Hargreaves.
14
14
5
51
92
7h
Dongola
Kordofan
Capt. the Hon. G. H. Douglas
Pennant.
Capt. B. W. Y. Danford.
i3l
5h
4l
Do.
Lieut. -Gen. Sir B. T. Mahon.
i3l
6
51
Do.
G. Chetwynd.
i3i
5i
4l
Do.
Capt. G. S. Cameron.
13k
5s
lof
Do.
Capt. F. L. Livingstone- Learmonth
uh
52
II|
Do.
Earl of Kingston.
I2|
6
52
Do.
Major C. S. Cumberland.
I2|
5i
4
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
? I2|
3f
62
Do.
Lieut. -Gen. Sir B. T. Mahon.
I2i
51
6|
Do.
E. N. Buxton.
12*
4
51
Sennar
- O
vner's measurements.
British Museum.
SPRINGBUCK
275
Horns of Springbuck. From a specimen in the American National Collection.
The SPRINGBUCK (Antidorcas euchore or A. marsupialis).
Springbok, Cape Dutch. Itsaypi, Maklaka.
Tsipi, Bechuana.
Menya, Angola.
Although nearly allied to the preceding group of large gazelles,
the springbuck presents a peculiarity entitling it to be regarded as
the representative of a genus by itself. This peculiarity is the presence
of a fold, or narrow pouch, running down the middle of the hinder
part of the back, and lined with long pure white hairs. In periods
of excitement this pouch is capable of being turned partially inside-out,
when the long white hairs are erected, and give a totally different
appearance to this region of the animal. With the exception of a
chestnut eye-streak, and in one form of a patch of the same colour at
the base of the horns, the springbuck has the whole face white ; and
the white on the rump, which includes the tail and joins that of the
middle of the back, also occupies a large area. Height at shoulder,
30 inches. Weight, from 70 to 80 lbs.
Distribution. — -The plains of Southern Africa, extending in the central
districts of the continent to about latitude 200 S., where its limits
are defined by the forests to the south of the Mabebi River ; in the
west ranging as far north as Mossamedes and Benguela in Southern
Angola, and in the east at least up to the Limpopo. Although now
276
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
never found in the countless thousands which formerly swarmed over
the plains of the Transvaal and Bechuanaland, springbuck are still
abundant in many districts. Protected to a certain degree by law,
they are to be met with in parts of Cape Colony and the Orange
River Colony ; while on the plains bordering the Botlitli and the
neighbouring salt-pans, as well as in Great Namaqualand, Damara-
land, and the Ovampo Flats, they occur in large numbers. Spring-
buck-stalking on the open veldt affords excellent rifle- practice ;
zest being added to the sport from the fact that the venison is most
excellent for the table.
Length on
front curve.
i6|
16
15!
i5i
i5l
154
1 54
i5i
15*
i5i
*5i
15
15
14I
Hi
I4i
14
14
14
14
133
Circum-
ference.
5
6
6
61
H
6|
6
5l
61
51
6i
51
51
51
6i
6
6
5!
6i
6
51
6
6
Tip to Tip.
20|
6
7
7i
5
31
2|
7
3l
7
5§
7
Si
4l
5
2|
ai
4i
6i
3
5
2i
53
Kalahari
Locality.
?
?
?
?
Cape Colony
Owner.
The late W. F. Webb.
J. Rosen.
W. A. Simpson Hinchliffe.
J. G. Millais.
Hon. T. Thynne.
Sir Abe Bailey.
C. D. Rudd.
S. of Great Namaqualand Th. Rehbock.
Orange River Colony . Sir H. J. Goold-Adams.
? Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
? Major W. Anstruther Gray.
Ovampo Flats . . The late Capt. F. Cookson.
The late George Grey.
Major E. J. Lugard.
C. L. Blundell.
C. Ansell.
C. Cliallis.
Ngamiland . . . F. T. Garbutt.
? British Museum.
? Sir Owen Philipps.
Hon. J. C. Lyttelton.
F. E. Potter.
N. H. Barton.
Griqualand . . . F. C. Selous.
1 A malformed specimen.
SPRINGBUCK
277
Length on
"ront curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
I3l
6
55
?
Earl of Kingston.
13!
5i
51
Benguela.
. G. W. Penrice.
I3l
54
4i
Angola .
. C. W. Sharp.
13^
si
3i
Orange River Colony
Capt. V. C. de Crespigny
135
5i
5
Angola .
A. H. Harrison.
>3i
54
5
Ngamiland
H. A. Bryden.
132
51
41
Near Kimberley
G. L. Harrison.
?i3i
4
6f
?
Sir Abe Bailey.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
I9i
6
7i
Near Beaufort West
. W. H. Allhusen.
I 2^
?
P. C. Keytel.
17
1 6i
Middelburg Flats .
Bechuanaland
American National Collection
(See illustration, page 275.)
Vryburg Club.
16
6J
Griqualand West
. Capt. G. S. Leslie.
155
5
2*
German S.W. Africa
. H.R.H. Prince George of Bavaria
IS*
6
?
Dr. Maloney.
Head of Springbuck.
278
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Gerenuk.
The GERENUK or WALLER'S GAZELLE (Lithocranius walleri).
Gerenuk, Somali. Gudan Godu, Danakil. Giigufto, Galla.
The gerenuk is easily recognised by the great elongation of the
neck and the slender legs, which are lengthened in proportion. Horns
are wanting in the females, and those of the males curve forwards at
the tips, where the ridges stop, in a peculiarly characteristic manner.
The general colour of the upper parts is deep rufous fawn, but down
the middle of the back runs a broad brown band, nearly eight inches
in width. The skull is characterised by its dense and solid structure,
as well as by its straightness, the shortness of the facial portion, and
the very small size of the cheek-teeth. Height at shoulder, from about
36 to 41 inches ; weight, 1 15 lbs.
This antelope, first described by the late Sir Victor Brooke,
is in the habit of raising itself on its hind-legs when browsing, and
GERENUK
279
is thus enabled to reach boughs at a very considerable distance above
the ground.
Mr. Oscar Neumann pointed out in 1899 that the Somali and
Abyssinian gerenuk {L. walleri sclateri) is somewhat different from the
East African or typical gerenuk. The northern race is larger, with
finer horns, a longer neck, a less rufous colour, and brown instead
of black knee-tufts, while the white markings of the tail are also
different.
Length on
front curve.
Circum
ference.
17
5i
i6i
51
16
51
16
5i
i-Si
54
-i5i
5§
15!
51
i5l
51
15I
5i
i5i
54
1 Si
54
i5i
53
154
54
15
54
15
54
15
54
15
51
15
5
15
51
143
54
143
5
Hi
54
Hi
51
Mi
58
Ml
51
Ml
5
i4i
6
H§
5i
Hi
51
H4
51
Hi
54
Hi
54
Hi
5
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
3i
Somaliland
ig
Do.
6
Do.
2|
East Africa
3
Somaliland
43
Do.
4
Do.
44
Do.
45
Do.
4l
Do.
2|
East Africa
51
Do.
24
Do.
if
Do.
5i
Do.
44
Do.
6§
Somaliland
4i
Do.
44
Do.
6
East Africa
Abyssinia
5i
East Africa
51
Somaliland
44
East Africa
2*
Do.
3
Do.
4i
Do.
5
Do.
3s
Somaliland
64
East Africa
4l
Do.
2|
Do.
4f
Do.
Owner.
H.R. H. the Due d'Orleans.
Mr. Justice Hopley.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
W. H. Levy.
J. Kenneth Foster.
American National Collection.
Col. H. G. C. Swayne.
C. Liddell.
Lord Wolverton.
Sir Abe Bailey.
R. B. Loder.
Capt. F. Blacker.
R.'L. Scott.
Capt. R. Clemm.
P. F. Iladow.
J. E. R. Oldfield.
F. G. Gunnis.
Lieut. -Col. J. McCall Maxwell.
Capt. H. Maclean.
P. Fleming.
N. C. Cockburn.
G. de P. Colvile.
Lieut. -Col. H. G. Main waring.
C. C. Wilson.
Lieut. -Col. J. H. Patterson.
Col. C. F. Blane.
C. Frick.
C. Bower Ismay.
A. de L. Long.
H. S. L. Scott.
Capt. the Hon. G. H. Douglas-
Pennant.
Hon. W. Guinness.
A. F. Williams.
Owner's measurements.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Sable Antelope.
The SABLE ANTELOPE (Hippotragus niger).
Qualata inchu, Bamangwato and
Makololo.
Utjieli, Amandebili.
Kivalata titso, Barotsi.
Qualata Tskumu, Ngami.
Mperembi, Chilala and Chibisa.
Mpalari, M'Rua.
Impetigo, Masubia.
Impalampala, Swazi and Zulu.
Ukwa, Makuba.
Potoquani, Southern Bechuana.
Pala-hala, Swahili.
Pala-pala, Makalaka.
Solupi, Masara.
Kantanta, Chila.
Among the leading features of the group of antelopes which in-
cludes the present species, the roan antelope, the gemsbuck, addax, etc.,
are the scimitar-shaped, conical, or spiral horns, which are placed just
over the eyes and are present in both sexes, the hairy muzzle, the
absence of face-glands, and the long, tufted tail. The upper molar
teeth have square grinding-surfaces and tall crowns, like those of oxen.
Several of the species have face-markings like those of the gazelles, to
which the group is probably related. There are four teats.
From the other members of the group the beautiful sable antelope
and its near ally the roan antelope are well distinguished by the
scimitar-shaped horns, which arise at an obtuse angle with the plane
of the face, as well as by the maned neck, the tufts of long white hair
SABLE ANTELOPE 281
below the eyes, and the large ears. By far the handsomer of the two
is the present species, whose sable coat and great length of horn render
the buck the most striking of its tribe. Other distinctive features are
the continuance of the white eye-stripe to the muzzle, the length of the
mane, and the relatively moderate size of the ears. The sable antelope
when wounded is a dangerous antagonist, to be approached with ex-
treme caution ; it runs with considerable speed, and possesses much
staying power. Height at shoulder, about 4^ feet. A single horn in
the Florence Museum, measured by Mr. F. C. Selous, is 61 inches on
the front curve ; and other specimens approximating to, or even
exceeding this length are in existence.
Distribution. — From about the centre of the Transvaal northwards to
Nyasaland and the adjacent districts of South -East and East
Africa, and westwards to Angola. Still abundant in parts of
Eastern Mashonaland, and thence towards the coast, as well as on
the Batoka plateau to the north of the Zambesi. Scarcer in
Central East Africa and Mozambique.
^.—TYPICAL RACE.
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
60
IOf
178
Angola
. J. C. Phillips.
58i
9§
131
Do.
. J. W. Walker.
56
ioi
13!
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
55
9§
Hi
Do. ...
Sir Abe Bailey.
538
9l
,,-.1
2J2
Do.
American National Collection
52g
10
234
Do. ...
Major Boyd A. Cuninghame.
5i
104
11
N.W. Rhodesia .
Capt. A. P. Heneage.
5o§
9h
i8i
Do.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
5o|
9h
24s
N.E. Rhodesia .
R. D. Waterhouse.
5o|
10
i9i
N. W. Rhodesia .
. G. F. Williams.
5°l
9i
231
Do.
Capt. C. G. Leslie.
50
ioi
7i
Do.
Norman B. Smith.
50
iog
ioi
Do.
Earl of Kingston.
49l
10
I2§
Do.
. Capt. W. F. Reichwald.
49§
io|
12
Do. . .
T. P. Kempson.
49
10
175
S. Rhodesia
. A. T. Reid.
48f
9i
IO|
N.W. Rhodesia
. Lieut. -Col. R. W. R. Barnes.
48|
10
23i
Do.
. J. H. Hayes.
48S
9i
171
Do.
Capt. R. A. McClymont.
48!
94
124
Do.
. J. H. Leche.
484
9i
22|
Do.
. E. Caldwell.
48*
ioi
9
N.E. Rhodesia .
. W. A. Conduitt.
282
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
48±
IO
20
N.W. Rhodesia .
48
9
I4l
Do.
48
Id
151
Matabililand
471
I of
21
Do.
47!
IO
23l
Do.
471
9i
i3i
Do.
471
10
13
Do.
471
9l
11
Do.
47i
10
9
Do.
47i
9s
232
Do.
46S
10
2I|
British Central Africa
46!
9i
13
N.E. Rhodesia .
46!
9i
I9i
N.W. Rhodesia .
46*
91
I2|
Do.
46£
10
15
Ngamiland
46*
9l
18
N.E. Rhodesia . . .
46i
91
14
N.W. Rhodesia .
4*1
10
"1
Do.
46^
i(4
I9|
N.E. Rhodesia .
46I
9i
2li
N.W. Rhodesia .
46i
9S
51
S. Rhodesia
46
10
II?
N.W. Rhodesia.
46
9§
1 of
Do.
46
10J
21
Do.
46
\o\
151
Do.
46
91
1 61
British Central Africa
451
I0|
12*
Do.
451
1 of
1 61
Rhodesia .
451
91
"I
Do.
45i
9i
i5l
Mashonaland .
45i
ioi
N.W. Rhodesia .
454
ioi
i3i
Do.
451
10
13
Do.
45i
91
i5l
Do.
?39s
61
6|
Mashonaland
Owner.
Major P. A. Cox.
C. Phillips.
Major J. P. Grenfell.
J. Bell.
R. T. Coryndon.
J. L. Philips.
Guy Nickalls.
Major E. de L. Hayes.
S. R. Price.
Col. C. Harding.
J. B. Davey.
H. Cookson.
Dr. E. H. Tripp.
F. Barker. -
F. T. Garbutt.
E. M. Crosfield.
Hon. Sir Arthur Lawley.
G. L. Harrison.
Col. C. F. Blane.
J. M. Kearney.
Val Gielgud.
T. G. Davey.
Capt. the Hon. G. H. Douglas-
Pennant.
H. M. P. Hewett.
T. Clemens Usher.
Capt. R. S. Chichester.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
A. Yale Massey.
C. W. Adams.
Major G. A. L. Carew.
H. B. Marshall.
A. C. Brandon.
Dr. Cole.
B. Ryan.
F. C. Selous.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
62|
541
Si*
49l
48
23l
1 51
Angola
E. J. Boake.
Do.
Essington Brown.
?
W. Colson.
?
C. S. Mann.
Transvaal .
. Lieut. -Col. R. B. Fell
SABLE ANTELOPE
= 83
B.— EAST AFRICAN RACE (H. niger roosevelti).
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
40
93
20
British East Africa
. Capt. C. J. Murray.
37*
8
Do.
. R. B. Loder.
37
9
III
Do.
C. Bower Ismay.
35
8i
6i
Do.
. British Museum (G. J. Muir)
34^
8|
i3i
Do.
N. C. Cockburn.
34i
9i
iSi
Do.
. Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
34
9i
6|
Do.
. The late G. G. Longden.
33f
9
15
Do.
. Capt. M. Kincaid Smith.
The East African race was described, as a distinct species, in 19 10
by Mr. Heller on the evidence of a female killed in the Shimba Hills,
British East Africa, and said to be paler in colour than the typical
race.
Skull and Horns of Sable Antelope, Quanza River District, Angola. Length, 60 inches.
In the collection of Mr. J. C. Phillips.
284
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
(l) (2)
(i) Head of Roan Antelope, and (2) Skull and Horns ol the record specimen
shot by Major the Hon. C. B. O. Mitford.
The ROAN ANTELOPE (Hippotragus equinus).
Anion, Sudani.
Abu urnfy Dinka and Arabic.
I-taka, Amandebili.
I-pala-pala chena, Makalaka.
Gwenki, Hausa.
Impetigo eetuba, Masubia.
Kwar, Masara.
Klabakila, Basuto.
Ipewa, Chilala and Chibisa.
Mtagaisiy Swazi and Zulu.
U-ka-niuh-ivi, Makuba.
Qualata, Northern Bechuana.
Kwalata and Etselta, Ngami.
Qualata Tseu, Barotsi.
Tai-hait-sa, Southern Bechuana.
Wunderbiy Abyssinian.
Abu aruf Sudani.
Chilumbulunibu, Chila.
Its much larger size (height at shoulder, about 4 feet 9 inches), the
shorter horns and mane, the larger ears and eye-tufts, and, above all,
the grizzled roan or rufous coat, render the present species easily dis-
tinguishable from its sable cousin. A marked character of the face of
the roan antelope is the cutting-off of the white eye-stripe from the
muzzle by a transverse dark bar connecting the dark nose-streak with
the brown of the cheeks ; while the dark nose-streak itself likewise stops
short of the muzzle, which is thus wholly white. Weight, about 625 lbs.
Distribution. — From north of the Vaal and Orange Rivers through East
and East Central Africa to the Sudan and Abyssinia, and westward
ROAN ANTELOPE
285
to Angola, Nigeria, and Senegambia. The name H. equinus
langheldi has been applied to the East African race, one Sudani
race is known as H. e. bakeri, the West African as H. e. gambianus,
and others have been named. Gordon Cumming shot roan antelope
just north of the Orange River in Griqualand West, where the
species has long been exterminated. Nowhere abundant, it is now
most plentiful in Mashonaland and neighbouring districts ; in the
Transvaal it is only sparsely distributed. South of the Orange
River this group of antelopes was formerly represented by the
much smaller blaauwbok or blue antelope (//. leucoph<zus), exter-
minated about the commencement of last century.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
4Qi
9i
n
34i
9
9i
34*
9
7
32|
sg
9\
32!
9\
ill
32i
9
9k
32
>9i
12
31s
9h
Si
3ii
9h
"J
3ii
ioi
8|
3i!
9
10I
9 3i*
7
i3-i
3»i
9l
I4i
3ii
9
13
31
8|
13
?3°i
7
7S
3°2
9
i3i
3°i
9
I3i
3oi
10
5!
3°s
9i
13
30
9i
5
3°
9h
6|
3°
10
Hi
3°
8£
i3l
A.— TYPICAL RACE (H. equinus typicus).
Owner.
Major the Hon. C. B. O. Mitford.
Locality.
Rhodesia .
S. Rhodesia
Okavango Valley
Rhodesia .
Do.
Do.
Hanyani Valley
South Africa
Mashonaland
Angola
N.W. Rhodesia
Do.
N.E. Rhodesia
N.W. Rhodesia
Mashonaland
Do.
South Africa
Angola
Matabililand
British C. Africa
Rhodesia .
British C. Africa
N.W. Rhodesia
?
A. T. Reid.
Sir H. J. Goold-Adams.
Sir Abe Bailey.
R. E. Gunther.
W. A. Simpson Hinchliffe.
F. C. Selous.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
F. C. Selous.
Surgeon C. G. Sprague, R.N.
Col. Lord Douglas Compton.
Capt. E. C. Hamilton.
G. Sandeman.
J. Bell.
J. A. Jameson.
F. C. Selous.
G. Richards.
Major Boyd A. Cuninghame.
Capt. Lord H. Seymour.
Dr. J. E. S. Old.
Capt. G. M. Spencer-Smith.
Capt. G. M. P. Hawthorn.
Capt. L. C. Brodie.
Sir Owen Philipps.
286
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
ront curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
29!
IO|
Hi
Matabililand
. W. Van Ness.
29s
9i
»i
Mashonaland
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
29?
9i
10
Do.
Sir John Willoughby, Bart
29?
9i
6
N.W. Rhodesia .
Duke of Westminster.
29s
81
9
Do.
. Capt. W. F. Reichwald.
9291
7
6i
British C. Africa
. R. H. Storey.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
39?
35
9l
3i4
10!
3°i
9§
Tokwi Valley, South
Rhodesia
South Africa
n£ Angola
South African Museum
(R. C. Camp).
A. Ohlsson.
E. P. Cooper.
A. F. Williams.
B. — SUDANI RACE (H. equinus bakeri).
Length on
front curve.
Circum
ference.
37?
IO
34i
IO
34
91
34
9?
33?
10
33
8|
33
9i
32?
9
32i
9
32i
9?
32h
92
32i
9
32?
10
32?
9?
-32i
9i
32
9fi
32
9?
32
9b
3i|
91
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
7?
Sudan
. P. Niedieck.
9
Do.
Lieut.-Gen. Sir B. T. Mahon.
3i
Do.
. The late Major J. L. J. Conry.
5f
Do.
. Major G. de H. Smith.
17?
Do.
Marquis Pizzardi.
10
Do.
. S. H. Whitbread.
6|
Do.
Capt. A. K. Hargreaves.
14I
Do.
Sir Savile Crossley, Bart.
12?
Do.
. Capt. E. Berry.
13I
Do.
. Capt. C. R. G. Mayne.
15
Do.
Capt. G. Stewart.
Do.
. R. McD. Hawker.
8|
Do.
G. H. Cheetham.
11
Do.
Lord Villiers.
i3l
Do.
. British Museum (Sir W. Garstin).
5?
Do.
. C. Adeane.
13
Do.
. E. D. H. Tollemache.
13?
Do.
Norman B. Smith.
iif
Do.
- Owner's measui
. Hon. T. G. B. Morgan-Grenville
ements.
ROAN ANTELOPE
C. — WESTERN RACE (H. equinus gambianus).
(Including H. e. scharicus, of the Lower Shari Valley.)
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip
Locality.
Owner.
33
9h
i7i
N. Nigeria
. G. C. W. King.
32*
9
I2i
Do.
. W. A. Judd.
3°4
9
IO|
Nigeria
Lieut. -Gen. Sir James Willcocks.
29i
9
9fi
Do.
. Capt. E. J. Wolseley.
29
94
i3i
Do.
A. F. Hordern.
-28|
9 281
8f
61
12}
2|
Gambia
Nigeria
Dr. Percy Rendall (Charterhouse
School Museum).
. The late Capt. G. H. F. Abadie.
28!
94
8|
Gold Coast
Capt. G. H. Hastings.
28£
94
13
Nigeria
. Dr. G. J. Pirie.
28
84
I0|
Do.
Capt. H. N. Kempthorne.
28
8*
iof
Do.
. W. Dales.
27I
9i
Ilj
Do.
. Capt. G. C. Kelly.
271
9
ioi
Do.
Dr. E. Charteris.
27I
9i
9
Do.
. S. F. Birch.
£>.— EASTERN RACES (H. e. langheldi).
Length on
front curve.
Circum
ference
29f
9
294
9
29!
91
29
9i
28!
81
274
9i
274
94
27
94
26^
9
26!
8i
26
8|
26
84
251
9
251
8*
254
9
25i
94
254
8|
25i
8
25I
94
25*
8|
925
6
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
91
East Africa
. K. V. Painter.
54
Do.
Gerard Buxton.
9
Do.
Stephenson R. Clarke.
74
Do.
. M. Bell.
8|
Do.
Walter Jones.
7i
Do.
Percy C. Madeira.
8
Do.
. W. L. Spencer Chyrchill
4i
Do.
A. Vonwiller.
64
Do.
. Capt. G. F. Phillips.
3
Do.
._ Lieut.-Col. F. Wormald.
74
Do.
Sir Kenneth Crossley.
7S
Do.
Capt. Mackenzie Murray.
5
Do.
. VV. A. Baird.
1 of
Do.
. H. B. Cox.
64
Do.
. N. Flower.
10
Do.
. J. G. Millais.
9
Do.
. W. H. Lindsay.
94
Do.
. Capt. R. A. McClymont.
12
Do.
. E. M. Crosfield.
10
Do.
. Capt. H. C. S. Ashton.
2
Do.
- Owner's measut
C. Bower Ismay.
ements.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Gemsbuck. From Mr. F. H. Barber's specimen
in American National Collection.
The GEMSBUCK (Oryx gazella).
Gemsbok, Cape Dutch. Knkama, Bechuana.
Ko, Burman.
The long, straight, spear-like horns, of which even the lion fights
shy, render the gemsbuck and its more immediate allies an easily-
recognised sub-group. And even when, as in the white oryx, the horns
are scimitar-shaped, they differ from those of the sable antelope by
starting in the plane of the face. It is also a noteworthy fact that in
the present species the horns of the females are longer and finer, and
therefore more prized, than those of the bulls. An adult gemsbuck
stands about 4 feet at the shoulder. In addition to the length of
GEMSBUCK
289
its horns, the species is sufficiently characterised by the presence
of a tuft of dark hair on the throat, and the cutting-off of the white
eye-stripe from the muzzle by the union of the dark central nose-streak
with the black of the cheeks.
Distribution. — The desert regions of South-Western Africa, from the
northern Karus of Cape Colony through the Kalahari and
Damaraland to Southern Angola, in Mossamedes, and perhaps
Benguela. North of the Chobi and eastwards of Khama's country
the species appears to be unknown. About 1846 Gordon
Cumming found gemsbuck abundant on the northern Karus of
Cape Colony ; and even now a few linger on the plains to the
south of the lower reaches of the Orange River. In the northern
Kalahari, where they exist for months without water, they are
still abundant. The splendid horns of the gemsbuck are always
regarded as prime trophies of the hunter's skill ; the finding,
riding-down, and shooting of one of these wary and enduring
desert-bred antelopes being a feat of which any man, however
well mounted, may be deservedly proud.
Length
on front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
48
8i
23l
Bechuanaland .
Sir Abe Bailey.
47i
6f
174
South Africa
The late J. S. Jameson.
46I
7
22§
Do.
Sir Owen Philipps.
46
7
251
Do.
W. A. Simpson Hinchliffe.
45i
6i
19!
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
?45i
H
33S
Ngarniland
Sir H. J. Goold-Adams.
45i
6|
20g
Do.
. G. M. Bond.
45
H
1 8i
Do.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
45
7
26
Do.
R. H. Venables Kyrke.
44
74
20
S.W. Africa
C. G. Carew Elers.
43§
6|
iSi
Nata Valley
F. C. Selous.
All
6|
20g
?
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection
All
6h
1 8$
?
British Museum.
434
6|
1 6
Kalahari .
. A. F. Williams.
All
H
161
?
M. Drew.
43
6^
22
?
W. Y. Campbell.
42i
7
20}
Bechuanaland .
. A. Neilson.
:9o
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
42§
6i
I9i
\2\
6i
24l
42
8£
24i
42
6$
20|
4ii
7
2l£
4ii
7^
1 8i
4i
11J
235
Locality.
Owner.
Bechuanaland
Capt. F. H. Lehmann.
Do.
Col. St. C. Pemberton.
Do.
?
. Capt. the Hon. G. H.
Pennant.
A. Ryley.
Douglas-
?
Dr. S. Martin.
?
R. T. Coryndon.
Bechuanaland .
G. L. Plarrison.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
?46i
Bechuanaland
9 451?
Do.
45i
23§
Ngamiland
44i
6|
25
?
44
6h
17
?
43i
8
16
?
42i
7
23
Kalahari .
C. S. Mann.
American National Collection. (See
illustration.)
H.R.H. the Due de Montpensier.
P. C. Keytel.
A. Ohlsson.
Col. J. J. Harrison.
H. A. Bryden.
BEISA
291
Head of Beisa.
The BEISA (Oryx beisa).
Biid, Somali. Sa/a, Danakil.
The beisa may be regarded as the north-eastern representative of
the gemsbuck, from which it is distinguished at a glance not only by
the absence of a fringe of hair on the throat, but also by the separation
of the black nose-stripe from the eye-stripes. There is also no black on
the haunches or thighs, and the horns are considerably shorter and less
divergent. Height at shoulder reaching 4 feet or rather more. Weight,
about 450 lbs.
Distribution. — North-east Africa, from Suakin through Abyssinia to
Berbera in Somaliland, and south to the Tana River. The
Galla beisa, on account of its darker colouring, is separated as
O. b. gallarum ; the Kilimanjaro race, O. b. callotis, is characterised
by its tufted ears ; and intermediate between this and the typical
race is O. b. annectans of the Laikipia plateau.
29:
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
^.—TYPICAL RACE (0. beisa typica).
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip
Locality.
Owner.
9 39
-1
32
s
Hargeisa, Somaliland .
E. P. Hare.
M
54
114
East Africa .
Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
38
7
10
Do.
Capt. F. H. Span.
$
5
13
Abyssinia .
N. C. Cockburn.
372
6|
8
East Africa .
Capt. W. M. Bmrell.
37§
58
92
Do.
C. Fahnestock.
1 ,,5
3/B
"4
14
Do.
P. Fleming.
?37i
6
10
Do. .
W. N. McMillan.
37l
7
»i
Somaliland .
G. D. E. Chapman.
36!
7l
i2j
Do.
A. E. Butter.
36*
6
10
East Africa .
Rhys Williams.
36|
H
• /5
Somaliland .
G. J. A. Troyte.
&
6i
84
Gallaland .
M. V. Hay.
36i
6|
9i
East Africa .
Col. J. Caswell.
36
64
ioi
Somaliland .
Capt. J. T. Brinkley.
36
6
8
Do.
Count J. Potocki.
36
74
8
East Africa .
The late G. G. Longden.
36
62
10
Do.
J. L. Baird.
351
5i
9i
Do.
G. F. Archer.
351
6|
94
Somaliland .
Lord Delamere.
9 352
64
94
East Africa .
British Museum.
9 351
52
94
Do.
Capt. G. H. Riddell.
-■-3
Si
82
Somaliland .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
35§
7
10
East Africa .
J. E. R. Oldfield.
9 354
6
II
Do.
W. F. Whitehouse.
9 354
5i
7
Do.
Maj.-Gen. Sir A. N. Rochfort.
354
6
9i
Do. ...
C. S. Collier.
354
64
82
Somaliland .
Prince Nicolas Ghika.
9 35i
6
104
East Africa .
Capt. Lord Gerard.
35i
64
94
Do.
G. Fenwick-Owen.
35i
64
ioi
Do.
E. V. Hemmant.
35
6
7i
Do.
. W. N. McMillan.
35
6
9
Somaliland .
Gen. Sir Arthur Paget.
35
51
92
S. Abyssinia
T. Morse.
35
r3
31
64
Do.
Capt. F. L. Livingstone- Learmonth
35
52
75
Somaliland .
A. S. Trevor.
9 35
54
91
East Africa .
. Col. C. F. Blane.
35
62
7
Do.
OWNER'S MEASUREM
. Capt. G. V. Clarke.
ENTS.
9 38A
6
9
Somaliland .
. Major E. Bell.
37i
7
74
Do. .
1 Abnormal Girth.
. J. C. Phillips.
FRINGE-EARED BEISA
293
Head of Fringe-eared Beisa.
B.— KILIMANJARO or FRINGE -EARED RACE (0. beisa callotis).
Distinguished from the typical beisa by the fringe of long hairs
surmounting the ears, by the extension of the eye-stripe to the lower
jaw, along which it generally runs to join the throat-stripe, by the
absence of any black on the front of the legs below the knees, and
by the rich fawn of the ground-colour of the upper part of the face.
Height at shoulder, 48 inches.
.ength on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Loca
lity.
Owner.
33i
7
13
Makindu .
. R. B. P. Cator.
33i
71
III
Near Lake Nalaron
. Capt. Mackenzie Murray.
33
7 ■
9i
Kilimanjaro
. The late G. G. Longden.
32!
6|
n|
East Africa
A. Fowler.
32!
74
. 12
Do.
A. Murray Smith.
32!
7
11J
Do.
G. N. Crisford.
32j
11
13
Do.
Lieut. S. R. Bailey, R.N.
3il
6i
8|
Do.
H. Fowler.
3ii
71
9i
Do.
W. H. Levy.
3i
6
10
Do.
. W. M. Greiss.
3i
71
10
Do.
. A. W. Mayo Robson.
?3i
51
12JL
Do.
. J. Leslie.
3°l
6h
9h
Do.
. G. de P. Colvile.
3oi
5!
lOh
Do.
Sir F. J. Jackson.
294
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
ength on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality
Owner.
30i
...
6
Sabaki Distric
t . . Capt. T. W. Greenfield.
2Qiy
6
122-
East Africa
Sutton Timmis.
29i
68
IO
Do.
. H. G. Watson.
29i
51
7!
Do. .
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
29I
1\
9^
Do.
. Capt. R. H. R. Brocklebank
29i
H
"i
Do. .
Count B. Tyszkiewicz.
29l
6i
ioJ
Do.
Sir J. Hume Campbell, Bart.
29i
6|
121
Do.
. F. C. Stern.
29
7
io|
Do.
David Davies.
29
7i
xoj
Do. .
Count A. Tyszkiewicz.
29
6
II
Do.
. E. H. Litchfield.
29
Si
"1
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
29
6S
131
Do. .
Lord Wodehouse.
29
5S
II
Do.
H. Sampson.
28J
5l
6
Do.
. H. C. V. Hunter.
?28§
4S
"j
Do.
Henry Charrington.
28^
7
ioi
Do.
A. Hamilton Gault.
?33i
32i
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
5f 14^ Kilimanjaro . . Major F. A. Dickinson.
6 12J Do. . . Do.
ARABIAN ORYX 295
Head of Arabian Oryx. Shot by Mr. D. Carruthers.
The ARABIAN ORYX (Oryx leucoryx).
This oryx is a smaller animal than the beisa, measuring about
2 feet 8 inches at the shoulder, and is of a whitish colour, with a
dark spot on the face, and a large dark patch on each cheek, which
meets its fellow beneath the throat ; the knees and the front of the
lower portion of the legs being blackish brown, and the tail-tuft black.
The horns are slightly curved.
Distribution. — The interior of Arabia, especially the Nejd district and
the confines of the great desert east of Oman.
Tip to Tip. Locality. Owner.
9^ Arabia . . . Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
10 Do. . . British Museum (P. B. Vander Byl).
4i Head of Persian Gulf . Do. (B. T. Ffinch).
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
27i 4i 12^ Tebuk . . . D. Carruthers.
26if 4! io| Arabia . . . Paris Museum.
Length on
front.
Circum-
ference.
23?
5
22
4
?I5
31
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
•/'
Head of White Oryx.
The WHITE ORYX (Oryx algazel).
Abu harb, Sudani.
A very distinct species of the genus, agreeing approximately in size
with the beisa, but with long recurving scimitar-shaped horns and a
generally whitish colouring, showing a more or less distinct chestnut
tinge. The chestnut is developed on the neck, shoulders, under-parts,
upper portions of the limbs, and the face ; the last corresponding very
closely with the dark markings of the beisa in their arrangement.
Distribution. — North-western Central Africa, from Nigeria to Sennar,
Kordofan, and parts of Nubia and the Eastern Sudan generally.
Length
on front.
Circum-
ference.
T
p to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
45
6*
H
Kordofan
G. Blaine.
44i
(ri
9
Do.
. Major II. G. F. Stallard.
431
61
ioi
Do.
. Major H. H. S. Morant.
9 43i
4?
I2f
Do.
Norman B. Smith.
?43
5i
Gold Coast
P. J. Partridge.
WHITE ORYX
'■97
Length Circum-
on front. ference.
42J
42|
42
142
24i|
4i|
4i|
4i|
4i|
4*1
4oi
4oJ
?4oi
39l
391
?39i
39-!
39i
:39
39
64
5h
7k
5
5
63
6
6|
6|
53
6|
5i
54
6±
54
«6A
58
54
Si
Tip to Tip.
9
i6i
81
9
6!
Si
*54
Hi
44
6^
ioi
Locality.
Kordofan
?
Northern Territories,
Coast
Nigeria .
Lake Chad .
Kordofan
Dongola .
Kordofan
Do.
N. Nigeria
Kordofan
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
N. of Sokoto
Donsola
Owner.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Sir Owen Philipps.
Gold Capt. H. Read.
Capt. W. D. Wright.
E. B. Macnaughten.
Walter Jones.
Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
E. N. Buxton.
Capt. A. K. Hargreaves.
Capt. S. C. Taylor.
Capt. J. C. Graham.
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
Do.
The late Prince Henry of Liechten-
stein.
British Museum (Major H. N. Dunn).
Capt. G. S. Cameron.
C. E. Lyall.
Lieut. -Gen. Sir B. T. Mahon.
Major-Gen. P. S. Wilkinson.
Capt. the Hon. G. H. Douglas-
Pennant.
43
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
15 Kordofan . . . Major A. J. B. Percival.
1 Single horn.
298
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Horns of Addax.
In the collection of Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
The ADDAX (Addax nasomaculatus).
Kubbaji, Arabic.
This antelope is another member of the oryx group, but is referred
to a genus apart, of which it is the sole representative. Its most
distinctive features are the spirally twisted and closely ringed horns
(which recall those of the lesser kudu). The general colour in summer
is sandy above and whitish below, with a brown patch on the forehead.
In winter, at any rate in the case of the typical Tunisian race, the coat
is grey and a heavy mass of long brown hair developed on the neck,
shoulders, and forehead, although a streak across the face below the
eyes, the lips, and a spot on the outer surface of each ear are white.
Hoofs very wide and shallow, almost like those of the reindeer.
Height at shoulder, about 3 feet 6 inches.
ADD AX 299
Distribution. — North Africa, as far south as lat. f 15' N. in the
Egyptian Sudan.
Length.
On front
curve.
Straight
line.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.'
Owner.
39t^
344
5§
i8|
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart. (See
illustration.)
?394
32I
4l
24
Sudan
H. Hodgson.
39
3i
6§
20|
Dongola .
Capt. the Hon. G. H. Douglas
Pennant.
39
33
6
20^
?
Carl Hagenbeck.
3H
3°4
64
124
South Tunisia .
British Museum (J. I. S.
Whitaker).
371
31S
5S
ZJ2
Sahara
W. Barry.
37i
3i
6i
284]
■13 J
Sudan
H. Hodgson.
36!
29i
64
36i
3i4
6
I9f
South Tunisia .
American National Collection.
36
30i
6i
i8g
Dongola .
G. Blaine.
36
28|
6|
12
S.W. Dongola .
Major A. J. B. Percival.
35!
28
6f
i3l
North Africa .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
?34S
28
4S
74
Do.
Do.
.34*
29
6i
20^
W. of Dongola
Earl of Kingston.
34
292
5S
I4l
Do.
Mr. Justice Hopley.
34
29
6|
io|
Do.
Sir Abe Bailey.
334
26
54
"i
Do.
Hon. R. A. Ward.
J24
271
6i
14
Do.
. Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
32§
274
6|
18
S.W. of Dongola
. Capt. P. E. Vaughan.
32i
27i
64
17
Algeria
. A. F. Williams.
3*4
26
5S
121
Do.
Major R. Rankin.
554
30*
6h
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
20 ? J. C. Phillips.
3oo
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Four-horned
Antelope.
FOUR-HORNED ANTELOPE or CHOUSINGHA
(Tetraceros quadricornis).
This antelope, which was formerly classed
with the African duikers, is now regarded as
a relative of the nilgai. Typically there are
two pairs of horns, and the face-glands form
deep slits ; the females being hornless. The
upper molar teeth have low, squared crowns.
Height at shoulder, about 25 inches, and
weight, about 40 lbs. General colour dull
rufous brown, becoming whitish beneath,
with the muzzle, the outer surface of the ears,
and a line down the front of each leg
blackish brown, and some white on the outer
side of the pasterns. The front horns are
not infrequently mere knobs, and may
even be wanting, as in most Madras and
Kathiawar specimens.
Distribution. — Peninsular India south of the Himalaya.
Length of horns Circumference. Tip to Tip.
on front.
Rear.
Fore.
41
2|
4i
A
4!
A
4
2|
4
2
4
2f%
4
if
3S
I
3'i
2
Locality.
Owner.
2i
I.1,
2i
Fore.
Rear.
Fore.
2i
3
?
G. Masters.
2i
3
?
Major J. C. B. Statham.
2|
If
2i
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
H
if
3
if
15
1 J
2\
Indore
Karkote Jungle,
near Mhow
?
British Museum (Col. J.
Evans).
Col. G. D. F. Sulivan.
C. Cunningham.
if
2*
Central Provinces
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
2
2i
if
Do.
Do.
Major A. D. Greenhill-
Gardyne.
W. Moylan.
OWNER'S
MEASUREMENTS.
li
2l
I
Jhalawar
Lulitpur
?
H.H. Maharaj Rana
Bahadur of Jhalawar.
General Walker.
J. D. Inverarity.
NILGAI
301
Head of Nilgai.
The NILGAI or BLUE BULL (Boselaphus tragocamelus).
This ungainly and small-horned antelope is an Asiatic repre-
sentative of a group whose other members, apart from the chou-
singha, are African. Most are large, and, with the exception of the
elands and bongo, lack horns in the females. In the males the horns
are angulated in front and generally spirally twisted, but in no case
ridged. Face glands are wanting in the African genera, the muzzle is
naked, and the tail is either hairy throughout or long and tufted. The
upper cheek-teeth have broad crowns. The females have four teats.
From the other members of the group the nilgai is readily
distinguished by its short, upright horns, which, although angulated in
front, show no distinct spiral twist. With a long and pointed head,
this antelope has the fore-legs considerably longer than the hind
pair ; and it is chiefly to this peculiarity that its ungainly appearance
is due. Both sexes have a mane on the neck, but the bulls alone
possess a tuft of long hair on the middle of the throat. The general
colour of the adult bull is dark grey, tinged with blue or brown ; but
the mane and tufts of long hair are black, and streaks and patches on
the face, ears, and throat, the chin, the under-parts, the lower surface
of the tail, a streak down the buttocks, and a ring above and below
each fetlock, are white. Height at shoulder, from 4 feet 4 inches to
302
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
4 feet 8 inches. The late Mr. A. O. Hume shot a specimen in the
Aligurh district in 1855 in which the horns measured ii|- along
the front curve, with a circumference of 9^. They were unfortunately
destroyed in the Mutiny.
Distribution. — The peninsula of India, from the foot of the Himalaya
to the south of Mysore ; common in parts of the Eastern Punjab,
the United Provinces, Guzerat, and the Central Provinces.
:ngth on
front.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
9tt
92
54
?
9i
6i
6
?
94
74
6}
?
9§
8|
5i
Nepal Terai
9i
6|
4s
?
9i
7*
72
?
9
6g
"1 1
?
9
8*
6|
United Provinces
8J
6A
5i
Central Provinces
8f
6*
51
Bhurtpur
8?
8
6i
Central Provinces
8|
5l
Do.
82
7
Do.
8|
H
?
8§
8i
H
Bhopal
n
74
4l
Central Provinces
%\
8
54
Do.
H
72
5
?
Owner.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Major G. F. Mockler.
J. Whitaker.
Capt. J. L. Sleeman.
British Museum.
Capt. G. W. Hemans.
British Museum (Hume Col-
lection).
. A. V. Wilcox.
C. D. Twopeny.
. Lieut. -Col. J. M. Fawcett.
Duke of Peneranda.
. Capt. L. P. Haviland.
. Capt. F. A. B. Johnstone.
J. Gouldsmith.
. C. H. Payne.
. Capt. E. H. R. Hibbert.
. Major C. D. White.
H. T. Cawley.
10I
10
10
9tf
9h
9
9
82
82
72
8*
9\
7§
5k
5
6|
7
54
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
Capt. R. W. Hutton.
Capt. W. R. P. Henry.
J. W. Pickthall.
M. Rawlence.
Major E. R. Gordon.
Baratpur
United Provinces
Agra .
Central Provinces
Bhurtpur
Muttra
Bignor
Jumna Valley
United Provinces
Oudh .
Capt. S. H. Charrington.
R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
Indian Museum.
C. Rose.
Mess, 3rd Gurka Rifles.
BUSHBUCK
303
\ ! I
Skull and Horns of Bushbuck in the Collection of the Hon. Walter Rothschild.
The BUSHBUCK (Tragelaphus scriptus).
M'baba/a and Serolo buchuhu,
Ngami.
Mbawara, Swahili.
Mazo and Bidiimgito, Hausa.
Ngabi, Waganda.
Scrolobntuku, Bamangwato.
Ungurungu, Makuba.
Dol, Somali.
Decula, Abyssinian.
Skichiba?tgei Chila.
Abu Nabah, Sudani.
Assali, Danakil.
Bata, M'Kua.
Chiwalawala, Chilala and Chibisa.
Boschbok, Cape Dutch.
Ibawara, Lower Zambesi.
Imbabala, Swazi and Matonga.
Inkonka (male), Imbabala (female),
Zulus.
M'babala, Barotsi.
The bushbucks, or harnessed antelopes, form an extensive group of
species nearly allied to the kudus, but usually displaying great sexual
differences in the colour of the coat, and generally having a simpler
spiral to the horns. The does are nearly always striped with white
on a chestnut ground, but the bucks may be darker and more
uniformly coloured. As in the kudus, the females are hornless. The
true bushbuck is the smallest and at the same time the most widely
spread member of the group, having many local races. The height
at the shoulder ranges from 2\ to 3 feet, and the weight from 100 lbs.
to 170 lbs. Bucks have a crest of long hair, which may be white and
erectile along the middle of the back ; while in many, and especially
3°4
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
the southern races, there is a collar round the neck on which the hair
is quite short. In the Abyssinian T. scriptus decula, which ranges into
the forests bordering the Webbe in Somaliland, and is known as dol,
the build is low and stout, and the general colour cinnamon, the light
stripes being nearly obsolete. The Nile T. s. bor is allied. In the West
African T. s. typicus, from West, Central, and South-Central Africa, the
ground-colour is bright rufous, and the spots and stripes are very con-
spicuous. In the Limpopo T. s. ronaleyni the bucks are dark brown,
with only faint indications of white markings, but in the Cape T. s.
sylvaticus the colour is dark brown without transverse white stripes, and
the spots are reduced to a few indistinct ones on the haunches and
behind the shoulder. The bucks of the Arusi T. s. meneliki are nearly
black, with much white on the legs and a dark dorsal crest ; and those
of the smaller Shoan T. s. powelli are also dark, but with white tips
to the dorsal crest and dark legs. Many other races have been named,
several based on specimens in the collection of Major Powell-Cotton.
As an abnormality, females may carry horns. In bushbuck, kudu,
and nyala the outer edge of the tips of the hoofs is rounded, thus
producing very characteristic slots.
Many of the following belong to the Cape T. s. sylvaticus, but the
one from the Limpopo represents T. s. roualeyni, while the specimens
from Nyasaland and neighbouring districts belong to other races.
Length on
"ront curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
2I|
64
7i
B.C. Africa
2O5
61
6
Do. .
20 iV
61
103
?
20
6i
54'
B.C. Africa
I9|
61
7
Do.
I9l
61
4i
Upper Shire Valley .
I9l
65
SS
N.E. Rhodesia
19
5§
J4
B.C. Africa
183
6
io!
■>
i Si
6
sg
Pungwe . ■ . •
is*
61
95
S. Africa
i8i
5i
Si
B.C. Africa
i8i
61
7l
E. Transvaal
i.s.l
61
7
N.W. Rhodesia
in
Si
4i
Zululand ....
i7i
6
51
N.E. Gazaland .
i7i
7
73
Near Port Shepstone .
I7J
63
71
S.E. Africa
«7i
6
31
Do. . . .
17*
7J-
/2
5i
?
Owner.
Dr. J. O. Shircore.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
W. Kirby Green.
G. Dickie.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
illustration. )
H. S. Thornicroft.
Dr. J. E. S. Old.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
P. H. Illingworth.
Col. E. St. C. Pemberton.
J. Sealy Bell.
Major J. Stevenson-Hamilton.
G. de P. Colvile.
Sir Abe Bailey.
A. M. Naylor.
Major E. H. E. Abadie.
H. Miller.
Sir Owen Philipps.
British Museum.
(See
BUSHBUCK
3°5
Length on
"ront curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
17
Si
8«
Zomba, B.C. A. .
1 6i
51
7§
B.C. Africa
i6|
r-3
35
n
Pungwe
i6i
6
7
N.W. Rhodesia .
16
6i
71-
Do.
16
54
4i
Do.
Owner.
C. C. Bo wring.
R. II. Storey.
Major G. T. M. Bridges.
R. E. Critchley-Salmonson.
Capt. Sir K. Fraser, Bart.
W. H. Tapp.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
19&
5S
11
Lower Zambesia
. Fleet-Surgeon W. II. S. Stalkartt
R.N.
. J. A. Knip.
18
64
12)
B.C. Africa
i7h
64
7i
Zomba, B.C. A.
D. MacAlpine.
i7i
54
IO|
Limpopo Valley
. Grahamstown Museum.
The following belong to the West African T. s. typicus :-
Length on
"ront curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Localitj'.
iSi
5
4l
N. Nigeria
13
si
6
Do.
I2i
5±
07
— S
Nigeria
I2i
5
5
Do.
I2J
5 ,
5
Do.
124
5i
Do.
12
41
44
Do.
12
5
61
Do. . .
12
5i
il
Senegambia
Hi
6i
40
S. Nigeria
II?
5
4S
Nigeria
II
5
4S
Sierra Leone
ioi
5
44
Nigeria
IO \
4i
2*
Gambia
ioi
4i
44
Gold Coast
91
4i
2i
Do.
Owner.
Capt. W. M. Fowler.
Capt. L. C. Brodie.
Capt. H. T. G. Moore.
Major J. A. Burdon.
Capt. G. C. Kelly.
Capt. W. C. Street.
Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
Major-Gen. P. S. Wilkinson.
G. Fenwick-Owen.
Capt. R. M. Heron.
Capt. N. F. Baynes.
R. H. Gill.
Capt. A. K. O'Brien.
British Museum ( 1 3th Earl of Derby).
T. E. Fell.
Capt. A. H. Hobbs.
The followine belong to the Masai T. s. masaicus : —
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
2o4
7
84
l84
64
54
1 84
Sh
84
18
61
74
18
7i
71
18
7
61
17 J
61
51
Locality.
Owner.
East Africa
Capt. J. A. Morrison.
Do.
. R. P. Carroll.
Do.
Sir Abe Bailey.
Do.
Gerard Buxton.
Uganda
. J. Leslie.
East Africa
. Capt. J. W. H. D. Tyndall.
Do.
Sir John Kirk.
X
3°6
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
i7i
6i
61
East Africa
R. J. Church.
i7i
6|
6
Do.
R. B. Loder.
17
71
7h
Do.
J. Hall.
17
7
8
Uganda
H. Twyford.
17
6
9
Do. . .
Marquis of Tweeddale
17
6
10
Do.
Capt. C. Brook.
i6|
6
7
Do.
T. D. M. Cardeza.
i6|
6i
72
Do.
J. K. Hill.
i6|
7
4
East Africa
I. N. Dracopoli.
i6§
5s
6i
Manda Island .
British Museum.
16A
7
7
East Africa
Sheffield Neave.
i6i
61
S
Do.
Major H. B. Dalgety.
164
7
7h
Do.
E. H. Litchfield.
164
6
71
Do.
F. W. Belt.
i6i
6
4i
Do.
Count B. Tyszkiewicz.
i6§
6*
9
Do.
Hon. H. Brougham.
1 6i
64
7
Do. . . .
F. C. Selous.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
20^
i8|
I7l
i6J
6i
6
63
3
54
East Africa
Unyoro
East Africa
Do.
C. S. Mann.
F. A. Knowles.
Capt. C. H. Elliot.
S. E. White.
The following belong to the Upper Nile T. s. dor : —
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
144
4l
54
1 31
6
5^
13*
5
i3l
32
4i
13!
6
if
13!
6
51
i3i
6
4i
J3
54
44
13
5
6
!2§
si
51
I2f
sh
31
I2|
5i
4V
I2j
5
34
124
5h
2g
"I
44
si
I2J
5
5
"i
61
4S
I2i
51
Locality,
Sudan
Blue Nile .
Do.
Bahr-el-Ghazal
Do.
Setit Valley
Sudan
Do.
Do.
White Nile
Do.
Dinder Valley
S. of Abukutu
Sudan
White Nile
Sudan
Blue Nile .
Sudan
Owner.
The late Capt. H. S. Logan.
Capt. J. A. Pollock.
G. L. Harrison.
Major R. B. Airey.
Capt. H. M. Hutchinson.
W. B. Cotton.
Capt. C. E. Hills.
Capt. B. W. V. Danford.
Capt. A. C. Jeffcoat.
Earl of Kingston.
E. C. Crispin.
C. Bower Ismay.
Major R. M. Sanders.
Prince Colloredo Mannsfeld.
G. C. Whitaker.
Col. E. G. T. Bainbridge.
J. G. O. Thomson.
G. C. Brock.
BUSHBUCK
3°7
Head of Bushbuck.
Of the following specimens some belong to the Abyssinian T. s.
decula, but the one from the H awash River represents T. s. multicolor,
while the Somali examples may be either T. s. delamerei, or T. s.
fascia Iks.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
r9i
H
3j
Somaliland
C. S. Mann.
19*
6i
7k
Do. .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
i3i
5S
4i
Harar, Abyssinia
Ivor Buxton.
I2j
5i
5i
Abyssinia .
R. Hayne.
12
6
4
Do. .
Lord Wodehouse.
12
5*
5*
Do
British Museum.
ilf
6
54
Do. .
A. E. Butter.
IlJ "
4s
4s
Do. .
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
II
4i
5i
Do. .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
II
5i
5
Setit Valley
Col. Ralph Vivian.
II
4i
2|
Northern Abyssinia .
British Museum.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
17
Somaliland
Col. II . G. C. Swayne.
i6i
6i
5
Do. ...
A. II. Straker.
13!
51
5i
Harar, Abyssinia
. Prince de Lucinge.
12I
Si
3i
Hawash Valley, Abyssinia
Viscount Edmond de Poncins
3o8
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Horns of Nyala. From a specimen presented by the late Mr. Rowland Ward
to the British Museum.
The NYALA (Tragelaphus angasi).
Nyala, Zulu.
Bo, Nyasa.
This representative of the bushbuck group is a large, delicately built
species, standing about 3 feet 6 inches at the shoulder. Weight, about
250 to 300 lbs. In the males the hair is long and soft, forming a
fringe on the throat and the under-parts of the body, and a white crest
along the back, the general colour being dark slaty grey, with a few
indistinct white transverse stripes. In females the hair is short
throughout, and the general colour bright reddish chestnut, with
numerous distinct white stripes. The lower parts of the legs are tan,
and the hoofs are short.
Distribution. — South-east Africa, including Zululand, Delagoa Bay, and
Nyasaland ; on the West Coast it has been reported from Angola,
although this form may indicate a distinct local race.
NYALA
30
Len
gth.
On front
curve.
Straight.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
3ii
3if
26
24§
8i
si
123
91
Zululand .
Do. .
British Museum
(Late Rowland Ward).
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
3i*
24i
Si
3i
Shire Valley, B.C. A.
Fergus Maclagan.
3<>i
24s
Si
17
?
Sir Owen Philipps.
29f
23
8
13
S. E. Africa
Col. Lord Douglas Compton.
29l
25
7?
I4i
Zululand .
Surgeon-Gen. Sir D. Bruce.
29^
Delagoa Bay
American National Collection.
29i
242.
9
13
?
C. B. Addison.
28|
22|
Si
H
S.E. Africa
H. L. Pattinson.
28i
o->3
^04
8
I2|
Zululand
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
28^
22
8i
74
Do.
C. S. Jameson.
281
23l
71
ill
Do.
H. C. da Costa.
28^
2IJ
71
91
Delagoa Bay
R. T. Coryndon.
28^
241
n
13
Do.
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
281
24
7i
9
Do.
Col. E. St. C. Pemberton.
28^
23l
Si
9
Do. .
H. W. Elliott.
28
24 V
8
15
Katanga, B.C. A.
John Yule.
28
23
7i
i3i
Near Chiromo, B.C. A.
Surgeon J. Dowson, R.N.
28
22|
71
i7i
Delagoa Bay
F. A. R. Zurcher.
27I
22^
8
lOf
Do.
G. L. Harrison.
27!
Z34
8
i5i
Do.
R. T. Coryndon.
275
22^
7s
10
Do.
Marquis Pizzardi.
27i
22j
8
91
Do. . - .
Major-Gen. Sir J. Dartnell.
272
22j
71
81
Do.
C. D. Rudd.
27l
20
8
5i
Do.
R. Elliott-Cooper.
27i
232
74
i5l
Do.
Sir H. J. Goold-Adams.
27
2I§
72-
91
P.E. Africa
H. C. Brocklehurst.
30
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
? C. S. Mann.
3i°
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of the Mountain Nyala.
From the specimen presented by Mr. Ivor Buxton to the British Museum.
The MOUNTAIN NYALA (Tragelaphus buxtoni).
Allied in the form of the horns and the colouring of the male to
the nyala, but nearly as large as the typical kudu, and the two sexes
nearly similar in colour. The male has a dark-brown coat of
moderate length, with the usual face-markings ; the under surface of the
lower jaw, two gorgets on the throat and chest, a few spots on the
flanks, and in some cases two stripes — one larger than the other —
white. There is no fringe on the under-parts, but a crest of longish
white and black hairs along the back. Legs with the front surface much
like the back in colour, but elsewhere white. Horns with yellow tips ;
varying somewhat in form, and intermediate in this respect between
those of the nyala and the kudu.
MOUNTAIN NY ALA 3
Distribution. — The Sahatu (Shabatu) Mountains of North-western
Gallaland, to the east-north-east of Lake Zuay (Zwei).
Length.
On outside Straight
curve. line.
44
39
37
36f
33a
3i§
29I
29
27h
3oi
25
26J
26
23l
21*
Circum-
ference.
IO
9i
9i
io
9i
94
9
81
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
2i§ E. of Lake Zuay
22 Sahatu Mountains
21 Do.
14.3 Arusi Country
I2f
6
10 J
io|
Do,
Sahatu Mountains
?
Arusi Country
Owner.
R. Hayne.
M. C. Albright.
British Museum (Ivor Buxton)
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Lord Wodehouse.
Ivor Buxton.
D. R. Brodie.
C. S. Mann.
Rowland Ward Collection.
312
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Horns of Situtunga. From Mr. John Yule's specimen.
The SITUTUNGA (Tragelaphus [Limnotragus] spekei).
Situtanga, Barotsi.
Zowi, Chilala and Chibisa.
Nakongy Batauwani of Lake
Ngami.
Njobiy Waganda.
N'zoiy Lakanga.
Kawi, Cameruns.
Mhiriy Duala.
Nkaya and Nkoko, Congo.
Situtunga, P uvula, Unzuzu, Chobi
and Central Zambesi.
Shichinzebe, Chila.
The typical situtunga differs from the other members of the group
by the elongation of the hoofs, which are thus adapted for supporting
the weight of the body on the spongy soil of the marshes in which
these antelopes dwell. The lateral hoofs are much more developed
than in the other species. In the typical eastern race from the
Victoria Nyanza district the adult males are uniformly greyish brown
without stripes, while the females are rufous with faint stripes. On
the other hand, in the Zambesi T. s. selousi, the adults of both races
are uniformly greyish brown. In the western T. s. gratus, the colouring
SITUTUNGA
3i3
of the upper-parts approximates to that of the nyala, the ground-colour
of the male being brownish grey, and that of the female bright rufous,
marked in both with white stripes on the back and spots on the face
and flanks, with two white gorgets on the throat. There is no fringe
on the throat. In T. s. albonotatus, of which the habitat is unknown, the
white face-markings are larger. Height at shoulder, from about 45
to 48 inches. The horns of the males are longer and more twisted
than in other members of the genus, and wear yellow at the tips.
Distribution. — The situtunga is typically an inhabitant of the dense
reed-swamps bordering the rivers of Central, South-Central, and
East Africa. These antelopes are semi-aquatic in habits, frequently
sinking themselves up to the eyes in the water. Consequently
they are some of the most difficult of all antelopes to kill ; but by
firing the reed-beds in the dry season, the natives are able to spear
the situtunga as they cross open water. At night these antelopes
leave the reed-brakes for the islands in the rivers, but before dawn
return to their impenetrable covert. A few are found on a bush-
clad rocky island far out in the Victoria Nyanza ; in which
neighbourhood the species was first discovered by Captain Speke.
A— TYPICAL and CHOBI RACES (T. spekei typicus).
Lei
gth. (
On front
curve.
Straight
line.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
35
28|
8
26
Bahr-el-Ghazal
3^8
2dh
8i
I2|
Uganda
30
24
7
i7i
Bahr-el-Ghazal
29?
24
74
19
Do.
2Si
23i"
ll
20
Do.
271
22
7i
"i
Do.
275
23
7\
"S
Uganda
25i
22|
hi
9i
E. Congo .
23S
il
6|
Lake Kivu .
23
l81
6|
81
Uganda
l22\
20^
7
"1
Do.
22
19
7\
Do.
(T. s. selousi).
351
28g
8
IS*
Lake Mweru
zsh
29i
8|
i9l
B.C. Africa
35
244
11
i4i
N.E. Rhodesia
Owner.
lion. Walter Rothschild.
Lord Cranworth.
Major R. B. Airey.
Lieut. W. B. Drury, R.N.
Capt. P. E. Vaughan.
Col. J. J. Asser.
J. Leslie.
Major W. I. Webb-Bo wen.
N. A. H. Campbell.
C. E. Lamb.
Major de Courcy Ireland.
Major R. H. Price.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
F. E. F. Jones.
J. Turner.
1 In the collection of Sir H3-. E. JNI. Jame
314
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length.
On front
curve.
Straight
line.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
35
27
7
8
N.E. Rhodesia .
J. E. Hughes.
35
34
2S
28
74
8
154
173
South end of Lake
Tanganyika
N.E. Rhodesia .
John Yule. (See illustration.)
J. C. Phillips.
34
27l
7i
1 Si
Do.
Earl of Kingston.
33S
27|
74
143
Do.
R. D. Waterhouse.
33i
26J
8
i6§
Okavango Valley
Sir H. J. Goold-Adams.
32f
271
7§
26|
Chinde
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
32g
27
74
i6f
Chobi Valley
F. C. Selous.
324
25i
74
7%
N.W. Rhodesia .
A. J. Brandon.
321
251
8
i94
Do.
A. F. Williams.
32
25
8J
i6i
?
G. M. Bond.
3if
264
81
i7l
N.E. Rhodesia .
J. H. Whitehouse.
3i4
24!
7
i6*
Chobi Valley
British Museum (F. C. Selous).
3i*
23.1
8
15
Ngamiland .
Mervyn G. Williams.
3ii
255
74
i3i
Bangweolo .
F. Smitheman.
3i*
27
78
214
N.W. Rhodesia .
Dr. W. D. Waterhouse.
3i*
26J
74
244
Ngamiland .
H. D. Hannay.
3ii
25i
8
155
?
N. H. Barton.
3ii
25i
7S
174
Ngamiland .
F. T. Garbutt.
3i
2J4
8
94
?
G. Richards.
3°f
26^
74
16
N.E. Rhodesia .
H. Cookson.
3oh
241
Si
Hi
Barotsiland .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
3oi
254
7k
i6|
Do.
Majpr J. Carden.
3°4
24i
7k
124
B.C. Africa
Grahamstown Museum.
3oi
25S
74
I9l
N.W. Rhodesia .
G. L. Harrison.
3o|
25i
8
MS
Do.
A. C. Brandon.
3°
244
8
i44
Do.
Sir Owen Philipps.
30
24i
7i
16
Do.
E. McClellan.
30
24
8
16
Bechuanaland
Sir Ralph Williams.
254
22|
74
134
Angola
Major Boyd A. Cuninghame.
24i
21
6£
94
Do.
C. H. Pemberton.
20|
I8J
6i
10
Benguela
G. W. Penrice.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
34i
2H
71
21
N.W. Rhodesia .
334
27g
7 1
19
?
3«i
25 /'.T
/ -
14I
1
Congo .
Determination provisional
C. S. Mann.
Sir Abe Bailey.
Paris Museum (S. de Brazza).
SITU TUNG A
3'5
Horns of Western Situtunga from the Gambia.
^.—WESTERN EACE (T. spekei gratus).
Length.
)n front
curve.
Straight
line.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
34S
281
8
21
Gambia
. H. C. Goddard.
32f
27i
94
164
Gabun
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
32g
25i
7
8
Gambia
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
3oi
26!
8
Hi
French Congo
Do.
30
26}
75
145
?
Sir Abe Bailey.
29J
24h
Si
14
Gabun
. American National Collection.
281
23
8
8
Gambia
A. Ohlsson. (See illustration.)
ii\
22|
8i
6i
N. Nigeria .
J. C. Sciortino.
27
23i
8
I3l
Gabun
. F. M. Milligan.
25I
2IJ
6J
I2i
Gambia
Guy H. Sangster.
24S
21
7
I5l
S. Nigeria
. C. E. Stuart.
24i
2ll
7g
IO
Do.
. A. W. Hunt.
27i
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
Hi
Nigeria
A. F. Williams.
1 6 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
The KUDU (Strepsiceros capensis, or S. strepsiceros).
Agarzin, Abyssinian. Kudu, Hottentot.
Ibala-bala, Amandebili. Ngomo, Chilala and Chibisa.
I-zilarwa, Makalaka. Novo, Mashona.
Divar, Masara. Tata, M'Kua.
Godir, Somali. Tolo, Bechuana, Barotsi, and
Itolo, Basuto. Ngami.
Itshongonons, Swazi. Unza, Mazubia.
Muziloua, Batonga. Unzwa; Makuba.
Nylat, Sudani. S/wmbololo, Chila.
Although rather less brilliantly coloured than some of the bush-
bucks, the two kudus are among the handsomest of all antelopes, their
spiral horns, striped coat, and noble carriage rendering them really mag-
nificent creatures. Their chief difference from the bushbucks is to be
found in the fuller spiral formed by the horns and the larger ears, both
sexes being nearly similar in colour. The special characteristics of the
greater or true kudu are the large size (height at shoulder reaching to
4 feet 10 inches or 5 feet), the presence of a thick fringe of long hair
on the throat, and the open spiral of the horns of the bull. The colour
is too well known to require description. The Somali kudu (S. c. chord)
differs from the typical southern form in having only about five trans-
verse stripes instead of the usual nine or ten.
Distribution. — The kudu, in suitable localities, ranges over the greater
part of Africa south of the Sahara, extending from Abyssinia and
Somaliland through East and Central Africa to the Cape, and west-
ward across the continent to Angola, where the Congo apparently
forms its northern limits. In spite of its bulk, it is an adept at
concealment ; and this trait, coupled with its general wariness and
acute sense of smell and hearing, has largely contributed to its sur-
vival in districts where it is much hunted. Except in the Uitenhage
jungles, where it is preserved by British farmers, the kudu has
been exterminated from Cape Colony. In Eastern Mashonaland
it is still abundant, as it is in the highlands of Somaliland, in which
country it is rarely met with on the plains. The Somali form
inhabits less thickly wooded country than the southern race, and
it is in accordance with this that it has fewer stripes.
Although unrivalled at traversing rocky hills, the kudu is by
no means a good performer on the flat (where it seldom allows itself
to be surprised), and can be ridden down without much difficulty
by a fairly well-mounted hunter. Horned females occur rarely.
KUDU
3i7
Head of Kudu.
A. —TYPICAL RACE (S. capensis typicus).
Leng
th.
On outside
curve.
Straight
line.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
64
41
II
23
Mashonaland
. F. C. Selous.
63
484
I2l
49
Macloutsie Valley
E. W. Tompson.
62f
42^
"2
37i
?
Sir Owen Philipps.
6l
40
III
144
N.W. Rhodesia
M. Tennant.
6og
45!
ni
33
Macloutsie Valley .
F. C. Selous.
59*
4l'f
12
3oi
Rhodesia
. W. Griffin.
594
44
"2
25I
?
S. T. Teague.
59s
434
11
38
South Africa .
. W. A. Simpson Hinchliffe.
3i8
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Leng
th.
On outside
curve.
Straight
line.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
59i
42}
Ilg
19
?
59}
434
H4
30S
N.W. Rhodesia .
58!
46}
12
362
Do.
5Si
444
II
JJ2
Do.
5§i
46
IO
393
South Africa .
5§i
44}
12
41
N.E. Rhodesia .
58
46
II§
39
S.E. Mashonaland .
58
46
Zomba, B.C. A.
58
434
IO}
324
Okavango Valley .
571
46}
I2±
43!
S. Rhodesia .
574
40J
ni
22f
B.C. Africa .
574
4i
n|
2lJ
N.E. Transvaal
574
4i4
10
27
Do.
574
41
iot
25
B.C. Africa .
574
44
»i
31
Transvaal
574
45i
12
41
B.C. Africa .
57§
47
io|
Do.
57i
451
1 of
35
Do.
57i
44s
III
34i
South Africa .
57i
4i|
"§
23
N.W. Rhodesia
57}
444
II
29
?
57
43
14
32
South Africa .
57
42}
II
3i
Do.
57
4°}
12
21*
?
57
4o4
12
243
?
57
454
I2i
40.|
?
57
404
iof
28|
N.W. Rhodesia
56S
43
"4
304
Do.
56A
434
"4
26i
Matabililand .
56i
4i
10
294
p
5^
41A
io|
2J4
Matabililand .
56*
44i
n4.
371
N.E. Rhodesia
G. Richards.
Col. H. Clifton Brown.
B. Ryan.
Capt. H. T. Byas.
Sir Abe Bailey.
R. D. Waterhouse.
J. G. Millais.
D. MacAlpine.
Sir H. J. Goold-Adams.
A. Doughty.
F. A. Coe.
A. M. Naylor.
Capt. D. J. Marker.
J. H. Hayes.
Capt. A. C. H. Kennard.
E. Homer.
J. B. Davey.
H. C. Macdonald.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
G. L. Harrison.
T. N. G. Jennings.
A. Moseley.
Lieut. -Col. M. D. Graham.
G. V. Blackwell.
Capt. G. M. Spencer-Smith.
T. Stephenson.
G. de P. Colvile.
Capt. P. R. Bald.
W. Van Ness.
J. W. Williamson.
Hon. C. Greville.
Earl of Kingston.
KUDU
3i9
Length.
On outside Straight
curve. line.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
56^
41I
II
285
S. Rhodesia
56i
39
Hi
22
Do.
56^
4i
II
364
N.W. Rhodesia .
?37
10
South Africa .
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS
48I
Ngamiland .
63i
46^
Hi
45s
Upper Shire Valley
63i
47i
46i
N.W. Rhodesia
63
44*
42 |
Near Tete, Zambesia
63
39
ioi
12
?
62
12
27
Delagoa Bay .
6i|
45^
I of
34
?
6ii
423;
1 of
24I
?
6o|
44
3i
South Africa .
bo\
47
IOi
443
Do.
Owner.
R. C. Dundas Firth.
Col. E. St. C. Pemberton.
Sir J. Walton, Bart.
F. C. Selous.
American National Collec-
tion. (See illustration.)
Capt. C. H. Stigand.
F. J. Nottage.
Major P. W. Forbes.
Mr. Justice Hopley.
C. S. Mann.
A. Griffiths.
J. C. Phillips.
H. T. and A. II. Glynn.
A. Ohlsson.
B.— SOMALI (S. c. chora) and EAST AFRICAN (S. c. bea) RACES.
Length.
a outside
curve.
Straight
line.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
6l
424
II
34
East Africa .
58i
4ii
II
29
Do.
58
43
IO
40
Somaliland .
57i
42
"1
41
Lake Baringo
57
39
9§
364
Somaliland
57
4oi
9'i
2S
Do.
564
35
io|
30
Do.
564
364
§i
21 h
Do.
56
44i
IO|
44i
East Africa .
55
40^
11
-,c2
J04
Do.
54i
39i
10
27i
Sudan
54i
43
1 of
39l
Somaliland .
Owner.
The late G. G. Longden.
. G. F. Archer.
G. Chetwynd.
. The late H. Hyde Baker.
. H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans.
Capt. J. H. Brocklehurst.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Dr. R. E. Drake-Brockman.
. H. C. Phipps.
Major the Hon. C. H. C. Guest.
Major the Hon. H. Fraser.
. Capt. R. A. McClymont.
320
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Lei
gth.
On outside
curve.
Straight
line.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
54i
J$5
io|
22§
Somaliland .
. Major P. H.G. Powell-Cotton.
54
t83
9f
29!
Do.
Capt. E. J. F. Vaughan.
54
39
10I
32
Do.
Norman B. Smith.
54
40.1
10
3§2
Do.
. Capt. J. C. Monteith.
54
3Si>
10
2I|
Sudan .
Lieut. -Gen. Sir B. T. Mahon.
54
37
IO|
261
Somaliland .
. Capt. J. L. Baird.
„3
33i
372
10
32
S. Abyssinia .
. T. Morse.
53l
IO|
41
East Africa .
. Major P. H.G.Powell-Cotton
53*
36*
9
28
Sudan .
Earl of Sefton.
S3h
4o
11
25
East Africa
Hon. Guy Wilson.
5j-t
36S
94
i3i
Somaliland .
P. K. Glazebrook.
53i
35
9l
27i
Do.
. H. J. T. Hamer.
53
4ii
"1
47i
Lake Rudolf .
. A. E. Butter.
53
38|
94
29
Sudan .
Earl of Kingston.
53
391
11
'"71
37s
Lake Baringo
. Capt. W. H. Nicolson.
53
36i
10
85
Sudan .
Capt. G. Stewart.
52?
39l
io*
36
East Africa .
. Capt. D. I. Shuttleworth.
52*
39i
n£
28
Do.
. Plon. Walter Rothschild.
52
37i
ui
3ii
Do.
Baron Maurice de Rothschild
5i|
39i
ioJ
26|
Do.
Duchess of Sutherland.
5il
40
10
42
Sudan .
Lieut. -Gen. Sir B. T. Mahon
5il
36*
"2
25S
Somaliland .
Capt. A. E. H. Breslin.
5ii
34i
10
19
Do.
Capt. F. M. Ransford.
5ii
384
Hi
32
East Africa .
K. V. Painter.
5i
-.73
II
32S
Somaliland .
A. de L. Long.
51
-. -1 1
332
9s
Hi
Do.
Major G. G. Gilligan.
5i
3«i
10
30
Sudan .
Capt. A. C. Parker.
5i
42
«i
T-.3
3^-i
East Africa .
Dr. E. D. Anderson.
Sr4
34i
iof
20^
Somaliland .
. J. H. Miller.
5oi
365
93
in 3
3j5
Sudan .
. Capt. J. A. Pollock.
5oi
39i
10
315
Do. .
Capt. S. J. Burton.
50
38
10
37
Somaliland .
. P. H. Thomas.
LESSER KUDU
321
Head of Lesser Kudu.
Shot by Mr. Norman B. Smith.
The LESSER KUDU (Strepsiceros imberbis).
Andeiro or Godir, Somali.
Gadams, Galla.
Sara, Danakil.
Kwigu, Swahili.
Except for its brighter colour, the closer spiral and smaller diver-
gence of the horns, the absence of a fringe of long hair on the throat,
the more numerous stripes, white throat-bands, and narrower ears, this
antelope might almost pass for a miniature of its larger relation.
Height at shoulder, about 3 feet 5 inches. Weight, about 230 lbs.
Distribution. — North-east Africa, from Somaliland to British and
German East Africa. This antelope generally goes in pairs or threes,
and is partial to the covert of thick bush, from which it seldom
emerges except for the purpose of feeding. Its coloration is
typical of that of forest-dwelling antelopes, and is essentially of a
protective nature.
Y
322
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length.
outside
urve.
Straight
line.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
35i
26\
74
16}
Somaliland
Norman B. Smith.
35i
26£
5l
I7S
Do.
G. Chetwynd.
344
25
7
Hi
Do.
. T. Higgins.
34i
26
64
11
Do.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
34
26i
Do.
Col. H. G. C. Swayne.
34
26
6?
Hi
Do.
. W. W. Ashley.
34
334
27
26i
6|
71
11
10}
Do.
Do.
. British Museum (R. McD
Hawker).
. A. E. Butter.
334
27
7i
"4
Do.
Vicomte de Thiene.
33
2S|
6J
14
East Africa
The late A. H. Neumann.
34
25h
7
8
Somaliland
Lieut. -Col. T. R. Harkness.
2>2l
25I
7
17
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
32
244
7
144
N. Somaliland
. W. F. Whitehouse.
3i|
24i
6i
144
Do.
Lord Delamere.
3*4
25i
6g
iig
Do.
Sir John Kirk.
3ii
24
64
12
Do.
. T. W. H. Clarke.
3i4
24
6j
Do.
. Col. C. C. Ellis.
3i*
23i
64
Abyssinia .
R. Hayne.
3il
25
7
10
Somaliland
. Major G. F. T. Leather.
3i
25
7i
94
Do.
. W. H. Cobb.
3i
24
6|
94
Do.
G. H. Cheetham.
3i
23i
7
10}
East Africa
. Capt. G. F. Phillips,
3i
235
6i
14
Do.
. Major W. E. Stobart.
3i
24i
7i
II
Do.
. Capt. G. V. Clarke.
3°4
23I
6
94
Tana Valley
Capt. C. Hankey.
3°£
23i
7
6|
East Africa
. W. H. Lindsay.
30
22|
6|
1 si
Do.
C. Bower Ismay.
30
23l
7
134
Do.
G. Blaine.
294
23i
6S
»4i
Do.
. A. J. B. Wavell-Paxton.
29I
23l
7i
13
Do.
. W. N. McMillan.
29i
25
6|
12*
Do.
. Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
29
234
7
9i
Do.
Lord Wodehouse.
29
22|
7
»4i
Do.
. J. Giffard.
OWNER'S MEASUR]
2MENTS.
36
27S
74
20
?
A. Bolle.
33
64
19I
?
J. C. Phillips.
BONGO
)23
Head of Bongo.
The BONGO (Bobcercus euryceros).
This magnificent antelope, which comes next in point of size to
the eland and kudu, was long considered a member of the bushbuck
group, with which it agrees in the general type of colouring. It
differs, however, in that the tail is tufted (like that of an eland), and
also by the presence of horns in both sexes. The general colour of the
coat is bright chestnut-red, marked with a number of narrow vertical
white stripes, a white crescent on the breast, a white chevron on the
forehead, two white spots below each eye, and some white marks on
the legs ; the front of the face being brown, with a tawny patch round
each eye. In old bulls the coat becomes mahogany-colour. There
is no dewlap, throat-fringe, or frontal tuft, and the hair is short. The
worn tips of the horns are yellow. Height, about 4 feet.
Distribution. — West Africa, from Liberia, through Fanti to the
Ashkankolu Mountains, the Gabun, and Sierra Leone, and thence
324
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
through the forest district to Uganda. The East African
sentative of the species has been named B. e. isaaci.
repre-
TYPICAL RACE.
Ler
gth.
On front
Straight
Circum-
Tip to
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
line.
ference.
Tip.
?37§
3°
8
9
Ashanti
Dr. M. Graves.
35
29s
10
II
Do. . . .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
35
29i
n
8|
Do. . . .
D. H. M. Boyle.
34
29
iif
16
Ivory Coast
British Museum (G. Chetwynd
33
12
14
Ashanti
T. E. Fell.
32s
25
9l
5
Gold Coast .
Capt. T. W. Breckenridge.
32±
26
IO|
i5§
Do.
Ivor Lewis.
32i
26g
\o\
12I
Togoland .
C. Beddington.
31
11
11
Do.
British Museum.
30*
26
lOf
i3i
Sierra Leone
Capt. E. J. Carter.
30}
24^
9i
9i
West Africa
Sir Abe Bailey.
30
24g
9§
"i
Ashkankolu Mountains
British Museum.
30
25S
io£
13I
Sierra Leone
Capt. E. R. A. Hall.
292
253
9l
10J
Gabun
British Museum (P.DuChaillu
281
25i
10
1 of
Cameruns
. J. C. Philipps.
28i
24
9
51
Togoland
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
?27i
24i
74
4*
Gold Coast .
Do.
EASTERN RACE (B. e. isaaci)
Length.
On front
curve.
Straight
line.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
39i
32§
IIJ
i6|
East Africa .
Sir Abe Bailey.
36|
294
"i
11
Mau Forest, E. Africa .
Pretoria Museum (Dr. Sauer)
36i
3°4
Hi
2I|
Do.
J. Jay White.
351
29i
"4
\2\
Do.
W. N. McMillan.
33f
27i
11
i3i
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
33i
27f
11
'3l
Do.
G. L. Harrison.
334
27i
IOi
1 Si
Do.
G. C. Whitaker.
33
12
14
Do.
J. H. Milton.
30I
25S
»*
15
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
?3o£
27i
8i
11
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
3°i
Z4i
11
8
Do.
Rev. S. Weeks.
3°i
26i
1 1
16
Do.
Capt. J. A. Morrison.
930
274
74
"4
Do.
A. F. Williams.
?29i
26J
8
34
Do.
Capt. J. W. H. D. Tyndall.
29
244
iqJ
Do.
R. J. Church.
29
22|
iog
7
Do.
The late G. Grey.
28£
23i
io£
ii|
Do.
A. W. Reid.
?27i
25
8
6|
Do.
Viscount Ennismore.
?25S
22
71
2j
Do.
W. N. McMillan.
?22i
2ij
71
8
Do.
Lord Wodehouse.
?2l£
74
3
Do.
Capt. M. Kincaid-Smith.
ELAND
325
Head of Eland.
The ELAND (Taurotragus oryx).
Du, Masara.
I-pofo, Makalaka.
Eland, Cape Dutch.
Impofo, Amandebili.
Insefo, Masubia and Batonga.
Mofo, Mashona.
Moju, Galla.
Mpofu, Barotsi and Ngami.
Ntamu, Waganda.
Msongo, Chilala and Chibisa.
U-schefo, Macuba.
Pakala, Makua.
Pofo, Bechuana.
Mpofu, Svvahili.
Bogga, Sudani.
Musefu, Chila.
Eland, which are the largest of all antelopes, resemble the bongo
in the presence of horns in both sexes ; these forming a close spiral
like a screw, with an upward and outward direction. They likewise
resemble the bongo in possessing a long, tufted, ox-like tail, but
have a distinct dewlap. Horns of cows are more slender than those
of bulls.
326 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Bulls of the eland stand from 5 feet 9 inches to perhaps as much
as 6 feet at the shoulder. They have a large tuft of hair on the
forehead, and the horns are of moderate length and stoutness. The
typical race {T. oryx typicus), which formerly extended from the Cape
nearly to the Zambesi, has a uniformly tawny skin, without transverse
white stripes or a dark brown band above the knees, and appears to
be the largest form. Farther north a dark brown knee-band is
assumed by adult bulls ; and towards the Zambesi, and thence
north and east into the heart of the continent, the bulls have not
only this dark knee-band, but the body in both sexes is marked by
fine vertical white lines. The Zambesi race is named T. oryx living-
stonei. In Mashonaland eland show an incomplete white chevron on
the face, with a large brown tuft on the forehead ; this race, as typified
by heads figured in A Hunters Wanderings, has been called T: 0. selousi.
In the British East African T. 0. pattersonianus the sides of the fore-
head are chestnut in place of dark brown, a white chevron is present,
the frontal tuft is shorter, and the pasterns are black behind instead
of white. Westward the species ranges into Angola.
Throughout Southern Africa, largely owing to the skin-hunters,
eland are now becoming exceedingly scarce ; and they have already
more or less completely disappeared from Cape Colony, Natal, the
Orange River Colony, Griqualand West, and the Transvaal. In the
Northern Kalahari, where they exist for a great part of the year with-
out water, large herds still remain. Occasionally female eland develop
horns in which the spiral is almost obsolete and the length exaggerated.
.4.— ZAMBESI RACE (T. oryx livingstonei).
»ngth on
it of horn.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
37
I2f
23!
Barotsiland(N.W.R.)
T. G. Davey.
34i
«4
27
B.C. Africa
F. E. F. Jones.
34
I2|
22i|
N.W. Rhodesia .
Lieut. -Col. H. W. Wilberforce,
33!
I2§
19
N.E. Rhodesia .
H. Cookson.
33
131
144
N. W. Rhodesia .
Major C. L. Graham.
323
\zh
2li
Do.
Dr. Ellacombe.
32|
13!
22|
Do.
G. Mitchell.
32i
Ilf
i5i
Do.
G. F. Watherston.
32
131
I2|
Rhodesia .
Major C. A. Sykes.
3I4
"i
22f
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
3if
1 1
174
Do.
T. N. G. Jennings.
Length on
front of horn.
Circum-
ference.
3ii
12%
3ii
12
3ii
13
34
14
3ii
13*
3a
i3i
3i*
"4
3ii
I4f
3i
16
3i
ii
3i
I2i
Ju4
3°i
!i
jof
>oh
3°h
30*
303
3°3
3°l
30|
3°i
3°i
3oi
3o|
30
30
30
30
30
30
3°
12
13
"1
121
iii
Hi
12
I3l
12
»4
13
I2|
i4i
121
13
"4
12I
14I
I2|
i3i
Tip to Tip.
«4
20|
isi
22
9
13*
24i
H4
14
i9i
I5i
18
I5S
iif
20|
20^
IO
7i
171
1 6i
18
20
20j
IO
I5l
i6i
22
21
18
8i
12J
ELAND
Locality-
Rhodesia .
N.W. Rhodesia
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
N.E. Rhodesia
S.E. Africa
Rhodesia .
S. Africa .
Rhodesia .
Do.
Do.
Do.
N.W. Rhodesia
B.C. Africa
Rhodesia .
Do.
Do.
N.W. Rhodesia
S. Rhodesia
B.C. Africa
Do. •
N.W. Rhodesia
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
S. Rhodesia
N.E. Rhodesia
Do.
Do.
327
Owner.
British Museum (F. C. Selous).
R. C. Wood.
Marquis Pizzardi.
Col. C. Harding.
Dr. Saner.
Norman B. Smith.
J. E. Hughes.
H. Knieson.
F. C. Selous.
W. A. Simpson Hinchliffe.
H. H. Williams.
R. T. Coryndon.
Major J. P. Grenfell.
E. McClellan.
J. H. Leche.
Capt. F. D. Markham.
Capt. P. R. Bald.
G. Cronipton.
L. Messel.
W. H. Rawnsley.
W. Harcourt Webb.
E. Sharpe.
A. R. Andrew.
R. Campbell Heathcote.
A. de L. Long.
J. E. R. Oldfield.
Capt. R. A. McClymont.
Sir Randolph Baker, Bart.
Capt. Mackenzie Murray.
A. Doughty.
P. M. Stewart.
Earl of Kingston.
A. Dickinson.
!2S
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on Circum-
front of horn, ference.
SO Hi
3° 14
30 13
Tip to Tip. Locality.
13^ B.C. Africa
\~]h Rhodesia .
21 1 N.W. Rhodesia
Owner.
C. B. C. Storey.
H. C. da Costa.
G. L. Harrison.
B.— EAST AFRICAN RACE (T. oryx pattersonianus).
Length on
front of horn.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
32i
13
16
German East Africa . J. R. Rolls Richardson.
3*f
io£
25i
East Africa
Sir F. J. Jackson.
3°
11
i3i
Do.
E. B. Home.
30
12
i7i
Do.
Lady Grizel Hamilton.
29
I2|
16J
Do.
G. Henry.
29
12
14
Do.
R. L. Scott.
28|
1 -.3
i0-i
12I
Do.
G. Blaine.
28
12
17!
Do.
Capt. G. F. Phillips.
28
II
i9l
Do.
Lieut. -Col. J. H. Patterson.
271
ni
10 i
Do.
Gerard Buxton.
27!
12
"i
Do.
Dr. E. D. Anderson.
271
12J
i3i
Do.
H. G. Barclay.
27h
»i
9
Do.
. G. N. Crisford.
27i
10
I5l
Tana Valley
Major H. De Pree.
27l
124
"*
East Africa
E. H. Litchfield.
27l
n£
II|
Do.
. L. L. Biddle.
27*
ui
23
Do.
Capt. V. C. de Crespigny.
27
i3i
"4
Do.
The late G. G. Longden.
27
»i
i3i
Do.
W. Neilson.
26|
124
15
Do.
Lieut.-Col. P. Polovtsoff.
26I
10J
15I
Do.
Capt. L. W. Sadlier -Jackson
26^
12
9i
N. of Machakos .
E. J. Mardon.
26J
I04
13
East Africa
Mrs. A. K. Muir.
26J
"1
16
Do.
H. S. Keating.
264
12
6i
Do.
The Master of Belhaven.
26§
IO \
16*
Do.
Major H. B. Dalgety.
26^
Hi
84
Do.
. J. Hall.
ELAND
329
Malformed Horns of Cow Eland in the Collection of Major W. Anstruther Gray.
The following are female specimens : —
ngth on
t of horn.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
39i
7
26|
?
Major W. Anstruther Gray.
351
7i
15
Angola
. C. W. Sharp.
33i
9
15!
N.W. Rhodesia .
. J. H. Leche.
32i
6|
Chobi Valley .
M. C. Greaves-Bagshawe.
3*i
6|
53
South Africa
Sir Abe Bailey.
32j
7*
8|
?
Mr. Justice Hopley.
32
8
20
B.C. Africa
Capt. J. S. Brogden.
3°i
/2
i3i
Do.
R. C. Wood.
29I
8
1 1^
Angola
Sir H. E. M. James.
29I
8i
19
N.W. Rhodesia .
. A. Willis.
29i
71
20
East Africa
F. W. Greswolde-Williams
29i
8i
21
N.W. Rhodesia .
R. Beaumont.
33°
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
"ont of horn.
Circum-
ference.
Tip
to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
28|
71
13*
East Africa
Capt. T. H. Rivers Bulkeley.
27^
71
»8i
Do.
J. Leslie.
27I
71
Mi
Do.
Capt. C. Brook.
41
7l
13
36
7h
2IJ
35r3T7
8A
20^
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
German East Africa . Major von Tiedemann.
Zomba Plain, B.C. A.
P. C. Keytel.
Charterhouse Museum (Dr. Percy
Rendall).
C— MASHONA RACE (T. oryx selousi).
Length on Circum- m. . T' T r. r> „ .
front Sf horn, ference. Tip to Tip. Locality. Owner.
9 32 aJj 2oJ Mashonaland . . F. C. Selous.
LORD DERBY'S ELAND
33i
Head of Lord Derby's Eland, from Senegambi
LORD DERBY'S ELAND (Taurotragus derbianus).
In this species the horns are larger than in the typical eland, the
ears are broader and truncated at the tips, and the dewlap commences
at the chin, instead of on the throat. Sub-adult bulls have the fore-
head chestnut, but a chocolate frontal tuft is developed later ; there
is an imperfect white chevron below the eyes ; the lower part of the
face is dark brown ; a dark collar bordered below with white occupies
the sides of the neck ; the back of the neck carries a dark brown
mane. The general colour of the hair is chestnut or rufous in the
typical race, but paler in the Sudani race ; the number of white body-
stripes being 14 or 15 in the former and about 10 in the latter. Dark
knee-bands are present ; and the pasterns are black behind.
Distribution. — The open districts of the interior of Senegambia,
Gambia, and Portuguese Guinea, and thence to the Bahr-el-Ghazal,
Lado, and the Upper Congo.
332
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
A.— SENEGA.MBIAN RACE (T. derbianus typicus).
Length on
front of horn.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
42i
i3i
44*
French Congo .
42
14
22^
Do.
36i
i5i
i8i
Senegambia
36i
14
27i
Gambia .
36
13*
23i
Do.
?34i
25i
Portuguese Guinea .
34i
1 4s
22|
Gambia .
34
I2f
?
33i
14
25l
French Guinea .
33
I3l
26
Gambia .
32i
I2l
29S
Do.
32i
9i
123
?
32i
13
23i
Gambia .
311
12
20
Portuguese Guinea .
3ii
12^
151
Gambia .
3o|
io|
262
?
929I
ioi
13
Portuguese Guinea .
925
9
1 of
Gambia .
?24i
9
H
Do.
Owner.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
American National Collection.
Major J. C. B. Statham.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
G. Fenwick-Owen.
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
J. Carr Saunders.
W. C. Rose.
C. Sharland.
British Museum (13th Earl of
Derby).
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans.
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
H. C. Goddard.
British Museum (F. W. Reade),
Vicomte de Thienne.
H. C. Goddard.
British Museum (F. W. Reade).
#.— SUDANI RACE (T. derbianus gigas).
Length on Circum-
front of horn. ference.
41
4°?
39?
39'!
39h
39i
39
133
I4J
Hh
12J
13
14*
Tip to Tip.
251
24!
29!
27
3o£
39k
Locality.
Bahr-el-Ghazal
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Owner.
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
Capt. R. C. Greenwood.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Capt. J. L. F. Tweedie.
G. Blaine. .
Near Lado, White Nile Gen. Sir F. R. Wingate.
Near Wau, Bahr-el- British Museum.
Ghazal.
Skull and Horns of Sudani race of Lord Derby's Eland, in the Collection of
Sir Abe Bailey.
333
334
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front of horn.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
39
14
29i
Bahr
el-Ghazal .
Capt. R. J. Collins.
3§i
13!
i9i
Do.
Sir Abe Bailey.
381
151
33
Tembura .
Capt. E. S. Stephenson.
3§i
II|
22|
Bahi
-el-Ghazal .
. Major C. A. Wilding.
38
14*
25i
Do.
. Col. A. Colville.
371
14
3ii
Do.
A. F. Williams.
37^
T-.2
JJ4
28J
Do.
Major A. J. B. Percival.
37*
135
35
Do.
Major R. B. Airey.
37i
H\
ZJ4
Yei
Valley
Major P. M. Dove.
361
14
292
Bahi
-el-Ghazal .
Capt. G. F. Pridham.
36i
134
JJ2
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
36i
13
Do.
Capt. J. G. A. Massy.
35*
14
34
Do.
Major R. B. Airey.
34i
i3i
i9i
Do.
Baron F. Nicolics.
?34
9i
29i
Do.
Capt. H. R. Headlam.
? 33i
ioi
i6|
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Measurements of an old bull, shot near Wau, Bahr-el-Ghazal, by
Capt. R. J. Collins (horns 39^ inches): —
Height just behind centre of shoulder . . 5 feet 8 inches
Nose to base of tail
Girth 6 inches from fore-leg
Length of tail
Length of body
Round centre of neck
9 ,
, 0 „
7 ,
-i ,
2
> 3 ..
6 ,
0
4 ,
, k I
C— CONGO RACE (T. derbianus congolanicus)
Length on
front of horn.
29i
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip. Locality.
19I Stanley Falls
Owner.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
CHAMOIS
335
Frontlet and Horns of Count Arpad Teleki's Chamois.
The CHAMOIS (Rupicapra tragus, or R. rupicapra).
The chamois does not belong to the antelopes properly so-called,
but represents a group connecting the former to a considerable extent
with the true goats, one member of the group being indeed commonly
designated the Rocky Mountain goat. Most of these ruminants are
more or less goat-like in general appearance, having narrow goat-like
molar teeth and short or moderately long tails. Their horns, which are
black in colour, are, however, quite distinct from those of the goats,
being for the most part cylindrical in section, and curving backwards.
From the other members of the group the chamois is at once dis-
tinguished by the sharp hook formed by the backward curvature of the
horns, which rise almost vertically from the head. The colouring is
too well known to need description, although attention may be
directed to the dark streak running from the eye to the side of the
muzzle. Height at shoulder reaching 32 inches ; weight of male,
generally about 65 lbs. (although 125 lbs. has been recorded in one
case), that of female from 45 to 50 lbs.
Distribution. — The mountains of Central and Southern Europe, from
the Pyrenees to the Apennines and Caucasus, and those of
Asia Minor. Chamois vary in colour according to season, but
336
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
it seems that some races are darker than others. Several local
races are recognised, such as the true chamois, or gems, of the
Alps ; the smaller and lighter coloured izard (R. t. pyrenaicd) of
the Pyrenees, and the darker R. t. parva of the Cantabrian
Mountains of Spain. The Apennine R. t. ornata has the light
throat-patch larger, and the upper side also light ; the Carpathian
race, not yet named, is very dark, old bucks being nearly black
above. The Caucasian R. t. caucasica is distinguished by its
relatively short and stout horns and certain features of the bones of
the nasal region of the skull ; while the light-coloured Trebizond
R. t. asiatica is likewise distinguished by horn and skull characters.
A great feature from an Austrian sportsman's point of view is the
length of the beard, which in old chamois may measure over eleven
inches in lensth.
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Ti? to Spread. Locality.
Owner.
?I2|
I2£
3i
3*
Si
51
Carinthia
5jj Branu, Carpathians
J. D. Heaton Armstrong. (See
illustration, p. 339.)
C. G. Danford.
H§
4l
7
?
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
1 LH
3§
71
S. Austria
J. Hamilton Leigh.
H|
31
5tV
Do.
R. K. Cross.
Hi
31
64
?
Col. Howard.
IIeL
4
->3
J4
Austria
J. R. Luchsinger.
II
32
4A
Transylvania .
F. C. Selous.
II
->3
71
Do. .
St. George Littledale.
II
33
7h
Austria .
J. R. Luchsinger.
IO|
J5
4-TU
Tyrol
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
lOf
3
4i
Austria .
M. D. V. Holt.
?iog
3
5i
Do. .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
IO§
^2
51
?
Rev. J. F. Glossop.
ioi
•7 9
Do. .
L. R. Rate.
? ioj
31
63
S. Austria
J. Hamilton Leigh.
ioJ
31
Si
?
E. N. Buxton.
ioi
3i
5i
Austria .
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
IO
3i
31
W. Caucasus .
A. F. Broadley-Smith.
9l
3l
3
?
Norman Lamont.
91
3n
4l
?
Capt. W. Waring.
91
3l
2
Carinthia
R. C. Graves Sawle.
9l
2f
61
Pyrenees.
D. Davies.
CHAMOIS
337
Leneth ^
on front
91
94
91
9
9
ircum-
ference.
2i
3
34
T|?t0 Spread.
Locality.
3
W. Caucasus
3s
Gerlos
5
Pyrenees
5i
Do.
2|
Caucasus
3
Do.
Owner.
St. George Littledale.
Hon. M. W. Elphinstone.
P. H. Thomas.
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
Rhys Williams.
Prince E. Demidoff.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
1I2|
44
71
Hungary
"i
Do.
2I2i
44
Retyezat, Carpathian
12
4
Hinter Riss
12
Tyrol (?) .
12
Carpathians
Hi
3i
3l
Do.
III
Retyezat
"4
9 Hi
31
4«
Albreis Morteratch,
Engadine
Retyezat
"tV
Do.
II
-i3
J4
54
?
i oil
31
4
Tyrol
log
3i
6|
Bulgaria .
log
o3
35
74
Herzegovina .
9 iof
5i
Retyezat
$ log
S. Austria
I of
3s1
44
Styria
io£
34
51
Austria .
i.oj
2|
5
?
wi
J2
43
Austria .
ioT5^
i3
31
S. Austria
ioj
3
51
Do.
9 ioj
Grindelwald .
IO
3i
J2
44
54
S. Austria
84
3
31
N. Spain
1 1
3 when killed.
2 123J lbs. not clean, ar
Baron Donald Schonberg.
C. G. Danford.
Count Arpad Teleki. (See illus-
tration, p. 335.)
H.R.H. the Duke of Saxe-Coburg
and Gotha.
Count Arco.
Count Zdenko Kinsky.
Archduke Carl Franz Joseph.
Count Erbach.
A. E. Pease.
Baron A. Nopcsa.
G. von Kendeffy.
Count John of Meran.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Dr. Albert von Stephani.
Eberhard Hollinek.
C. G. Danford.
R. K. Cross.
Dr. H. Sonnenthal.
H.R.H. the Duke of Braganza.
Count John of Meran.
T. V. Holt.
J. Kenneth Foster.
Count Palffy.
F. A. Labouchere.
W. Winans.
Abel Chapman.
The best Chamois Heads shot by His Majesty the Emperor of Austria.
338
CHAMOIS
339
The following are the best specimens in the collection of His
Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Austria, who between 1 849 and
1902 shot 1 99 1 chamois: —
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Date.
?-ni
3i
6|
Salzkammergut
. July 26, 1889.
-11
3l
5i
Do.
December 10,
1859-
-iof
3l
4s
Do.
28,
1868.
-\o\
1,1
4s
Do.
. July 31, 1885.
-iof
-.3
OS
5s
Do.
November 10,
1870
-iof
31
4s
Do.
. July 31, 1885.
?-9§
2|
7\
Do.
„ 10, 1886.
Owner's measurements.
Frontlet and Horns of Chamois, shot by Mr. J. D. Heaton Armstrong.
J4o
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Himalayan Goral.
HIMALAYAN and BURMESE GORALS (Nemorhsedus goral, etc.).
Goral, W. Himalaya. Py, Par, Rat, Rom, Kashmiri.
SdJiari, Sarr, Sutlej Tribes.
The gorals are near relatives of the serows, from which they may be
distinguished by their generally smaller size, shorter horns, and absence
of face-glands, as well as by certain differences in the conformation of the
skull. The horns curve regularly backwards, are conical in form, and
marked by small irregular ridges for the greater part of their length.
The hair is somewhat rough and shaggy, and the tail considerably
longer than in the chamois. Height at shoulder, from 26 to 28 inches ;;
weight, from 58 to 63 lbs.
The following species occur in the Indo-Burmese countries : —
Nemorhcedus hodgsoni. — Tail short. Colour brown, with a white
patch on the throat and chin, a black dorsal stripe and tail, and a
black stripe down the front of each leg and over knee. Horns
comparatively straight, and not heavily ringed. Eastern Himalaya.
Nemorhcedus goral. — Tail short. Colour yellowish grey fawn
suffused with blackish, throat-patch white, little or no distinct dorsal
stripe, a dark streak on muzzle ; base of tail and knees blackish, the
rest of the legs being fawn. Horns more curved and more heavily
ringed than in the last. Western and part of Eastern Himalaya.
GORAL
34i
Nemorhcedus griseus. — Tail larger. Colour brownish grey fawn
suffused with brown ; throat-patch small and yellow ; no stripe on
muzzle or back ; tail and back of legs dark brown, rest of legs rufous
fawn. Horns very small. Sze-chuan to Upper Burma.
Length on
front curve.
Girth.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
8§
31
Il
Kishtwar
H
3i
if
Garhwal
8
-j3
34
Chamba
ll
•73
3*
3
Do.
71
31
Near Musuri
71
4*
2i
?
71
31
34
?
74
3
2§
Near Musuri
7h
,3
J4
3
Do.
71
3i
34
?
7A
34
2|
Chamba
71
3J
34
Kishtwar
7s
4
54
Garhwal
71
3*
3f
Jhelam Valley
7i
3
3
Chamba
7i
3§
24
Do.
74
3i
24
Do.
71
4
23-
?
Owner.
P. F. Hadow.
Capt. D. L. R. Lorimer.
Major C. Levita.
Capt. R. A. C. Murray.
Col. C. T. McM. Kavanagh.
D. Lawrie.
British Museum (Hume Collec-
tion).
British Museum (Hume Collec-
tion).
R. Stephens.
Capt. P. H. H. Bailey.
Major A. H. Ogilvy Spence.
P. B. Vander Byl.
Major L. W. S. Oldham.
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
Major F. W. H. Walshe.
Capt. F. Pope.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Capt. M. E. D. Hepenstat.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
94
31
4tb
Near Musuri
H. Simons.
8|
31
3
Musuri
. V. A. Mackinnon.
84
Bissahir
. Lieut.-Col. A. E. Ward
84
34
?
Col. J. Biddulph.
98
2*
4
Garhwal
. J. O'Brien.
8
Chamba
Major C. B. Vandeleur.
71
3i
0 s
Do.
D. Cameron.
n
4
2f
Near Musuri
. Major J. T. C. Murray.
74
4
3
Mohand Pass
R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
342
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
VARIOUS CHINESE GORALS AND SEROWS.
Gni Lu of Chinese.
Species.
Length
Tip to
Collected by on front Girth, rj!.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
Capricornis milne-
edwardsi
Abbe A. David -%\\
-8A
7h
7s
4
2
Moupin, Sze-
chuan
Paris Museum
(Type).
-8
Ichang .
Comdr. F. B.
Noble, R.N.
75
/5
3§
3i
Shen-si .
K. K. Horn.
Nemorhsedus cinereus
Abbe A. David -j\
9 7h
3s
3
3t^
Sze-chuan
Nank'ou .
Paris Museum
(Type).
W. F. Collins.
,, caudatus
Abbe A. David -6^Ti
61
-, 9
4
3b
3*
North of Pekin
?
Paris Museum
(Type).
British Museum
griseus .
Do. -4|
3s
2|
Sze-chuan
Paris Museum
(Type).
Owner's measurements.
JAPANESE SEROW (Capricornis crispus).
A rather small species of serow with a coat of long grey hair.
Distribution. — The southern islands of Japan ; an allied species
{C. swinhoei) inhabiting the island of Formosa.
ength on
>nt curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
-7
4
3s
Japan
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
-6£
31
32
Do.
Imperial Museum, Vienna.
5i
3s
3s
Do.
British Museum.
4!
3
31
Do.
- Owner's measurements.
. E. L. Fletcher.
SERO W
343
Head of Serow.
The SEROW (Capricornis sumatrensis).
Serow, serowa of Gurhwal and
Himalaya.
Ramu-Halj\ Salabhir.
Yamu, Kulu.
Aimu, Kumaon.
Jungal, Kangra.
Goa, Chamba.
Serows are clumsily built ruminants generally larger than gorals,.
with face-glands and longer horns. The ears are long ; the hair is
coarse, rather thin, and elongated into a crest from the nape to the
withers ; the under fur found in the gorals being usually absent. In
the typical species the general colour of the upper-parts is normally
black or dark grey, with a grizzled appearance, owing to the whitish
bases of the hairs ; the under-parts, shoulders, and thighs being rusty
red. There is, however, great local variation ; some races being
wholly or mainly rufous and others black, while the lower portion of
the legs may be white or rufous or a mixture of both. The form
of the skull also differs. Height at shoulder, from about 34 to 38
inches. Weight, 120 to 190 lbs.
i44
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Distribution. — Typically from Sumatra, but ranging from Yun-nan and
Sze-chuan to the Eastern Himalaya, and occurring throughout the
elevated tracts of Assam, Burma, Siam, and the Malay Peninsula.
In the Sumatran race the limbs are wholly rusty ; in the Darjiling
N. s. jamrachi the lower portions of the legs are mingled rufous
and white, while in the Nepalese C. s. bubalinus they are white.
The Chamba C. s. rodoni is dark, with under-fur ; but in the
Kashmiri C. s. humei the head is rufous brown, and in the
Arakan C. s. rubidus bright rufous. The Malay C. s. swettenhami
and C. s. robinsoni are almost wholly black, but the Sze-chuan
and Burmese C. s. milne-edwardsi is black with rufous shanks. In
rubidus the nasal bones are very short ; in swettenhami they are
longer and narrower, and the profile of the skull is more vaulted.
,4.— EASTERN RACES.
Length on Circum-
front curve, ference.
II*
\0\
9l
9l
9
99
5i
5
6
6
4*
5
4*
5i
5i
5i
5
Tip to Tip. Locality.
3| Mishmi Hills
1 1 Burma
5 Do.
2| Chin Hills
4§ Burma
2 Sumatra
Upper Burma
?
4| Muleyit
3^ Upper Burma
3i Do.
Owner.
R. Sinclair.
O. F. Wheeler-Cuffe.
A. L. Bacon.
Capt. F. W. A. Wells.
British Museum (Hume Collection).
Do.
H. Shaw Dunn.
H. E. Stephens.
British Museum (Hume Collection).
H. O. Whittall.
Capt. L. Trevor Goff.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
io|
9i
9i
9
9
8T9x
81
5^
5i
5
5
5i
5
5i
4i
5
Ta-chi-lu, China
. M. Mitchell.
Upper Burma
H. Shaw Dunn.
5^
Arakan Hills
British Museum (Hume Collection)
4i
Burma
. H. L. P. Walsh.
5i
Do.
Bombay Natural History Society.
5
Do.
Lieut. -Col. G. H. Evans.
4i
Manipur
. Lieut. -Col. H. S. Wood.
2*
Perak
Perak Museum.
SEROW
345
^.—WESTERN RACES.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
I2i
61
2|
Garhwal
ioi
S
3i
Chamba
? io£
5!
3!
Kumaon
IO
4l
31
Garhwal
IO
6
7
8
?
9l
Si
6
Kashmir
9f
5i
3
4
?
9l
5l
4
?
9i
51
43
Kashmir
9l
4*1
3i
Nepal
9i
5§
^3
?
91
5i
'i
Kashmir
91
c 3
3§
Chamba
9i
5
31
Do.
9i
'4i
3
Do.
9*
4!
4i
Do.
9i
5i
Do.
9i
Si
3
Do.
Owner.
British Museum (HumeCollection).
H.H. the Raja of Chamba.
Lieut. -Gen. Sir R. Hart.
Major J. C. B. Statham.
C. B. Atkinson.
British Museum (R. Lydekker).
Col. C. M. Haggard.
K. C. Zarzhetsky.
St. George Littledale.
British Museum (the late B. H.
Hodgson).
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Bombay Natural History Society.
Lieut.-Col. C. W. Tribe.
Capt. H. Meynell.
Major the Hon. A. Hamilton-
Russell.
H. L. P. Walsh.
Capt. L. R. Hogge.
Capt. W. B. Baker.
I2|
12
IO|
■?9l
5
5§
Si
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
? E. C. Stuart Baker.
Himalaya . . . Lieut.-Col. A. E. Ward.
4 ? V. A. Mackinnon.
3l Garhwal . . A. P. Davis.
4 Sind Valley, Kashmir . Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
346
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
White- Maned Serow. Shot by Mr. G. Fenwick-Owen.
WHITE -MANED SEROW (Capricornis argyrochcetes).
A large species of a mingled rufous grey colour, with more or less
white in the mane and the thighs, and whole of the limbs rufous.
Weight, about 250 lbs. (G. Fenwick-Owen).
Distribution. — Sze-chuan, Kan-su, and Shen-si.
Length on Circum-
front curve. ference.
9t9tt
-9i
ll
9 71
5f
7h
A%
4i
Tip to Tip.
4
4
Ai
2g
Locality.
Sze-chuan .
Do.
W. Kan-su .
Owner.
British Museum (the late J. W.
Brooke).
Paris Museum.
G. Fenwick-Owen.
Kan-su, Tibet Border . K. K. Horn.
Owner's measurements.
TAKIN
347
Kan-su Takin. Shot by Mr. G. Fenwick-Owen.
The TAKIN (Budorcas taxicolor).
Probably also akin to the musk-ox, this ruminant is a relative of
the serows. It is heavily built, with stout limbs, large lateral hoofs, a
short tail, a convex profile, and a partially hairy muzzle. The
horns, which are large, massive, and bent somewhat after the
fashion of those of the gnu, curve at first outwards and somewhat
downwards, and then bend abruptly upwards about the middle of
their length. Height at shoulder, about 3^- feet. Horns are present
in both sexes, as in the serows and gorals, those of females being
smaller than those of males. The general colour varies from greyish
brown with a light saddle, and passing into blackish on the head, limbs,
and underparts, with a continuous dark dorsal streak, to deep rufous
or black.
Distribution. — Typically the Mishmi Hills on the northern frontier of
Assam, but represented by the small - horned B. t. whytei in
Bhutan.
348
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
"ront curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
23i
I2i
IO|
Mishmi Hills
Capt. II. C. Nicolay.
22*
«i
12
Do.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
22§
iof
I4l
Do.
British Museum.
22|
II
12
Do.
. Duke of Bedford.
22^
ioi
1 of
?
. Major C. P. Gunter.
2ii
iij
10 J
Abor Country
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
21
12
13*
Mishmi Hills
. A. J. Walter.
20j
iif
III
Do.
. British Museum (Hume Col-
20|
20|
121
10
Do.
S.E. Tibet .
lection).
British Museum (Hume Col-
lection).
. Capt. F. M. Bailey.
I9|
I2|
I2j
Tibet (?)
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
SI5
9
84
Do.
Lord Osborne Beauclerk.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
25
13
Hi
Mishmi Hills
. F. J. Needham.
24}
Do.
. Col. J. Biddulph.
24^
I2|
12*
Do.
Indian Museum.
22
I2|
I2|
Do.
Bombay Natural History Society
2li
II
71
Do.
. R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
SZE-CHUAN and KAN-SU TAKIN (Budorcas tibetana and B. bedfordi).
Typically the colour of the fore-quarters in the Sze-chuan race is
bright orange, passing into greyish behind and beneath, with the ears
and lower part of the face black, and the dorsal stripe stopping at
withers. In a second phase the orange area is replaced by dirty
white and pale grey. Horns relatively long and slender. In Shen-si
and part of Kan-su this race is replaced by B. bedfordi, which is
wholly orange, or orange-brown.
Distribution. — The first race inhabits Sze-chuan, Yun-nan, Tibet,
and part of Kan-su.
Length on
front curve.
20h
20h
2C>£
-I9l
1 71
Circum-
ference.
lOj
"I
«1
"4
"I
12
I2l
Tip to Tip. Locality.
9-2- Tsinling Mountains
Shen-si.
I if Kan-su, China
1 if S. Shen-si
8f Tsinling Mountains
Shen-si
I3§ Sze-chuan
16 Nr. Ta-chi-lu
nj Shen-si .
- Owner's measurements.
Owner.
G. Fenwick-Owen.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
British Museum.
H. F. Wallace.
Paris Museum (Abbe A. David).
M. Mitchell.
K. K. Horn.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN GOAT
349
Head of Rocky Mountain Goat.
The ROCKY MOUNTAIN GOAT (Oreamnus americanus).
(Also known as Haploceros montaiius?)
This is one of the very few mammals that are permanently white
or whitish at all seasons ; and although commonly termed a goat, really
belongs to the same group as the serows, which it closely resembles in
the form and colour of the horns. In winter the hair is very long and
pure white in colour ; along the back it is erect, and much elongated
on the withers and haunches, so as to give to the animal the
appearance of possessing a pair of humps. The summer coat is
comparatively short, and has a yellowish tinge. There is a black gland,
sometimes as large as half an orange, at the back of the base of each
horn. Height at shoulder, from 3 feet to 3 feet 9 inches ; weight,
about 300 lbs. Four local races have been named. Of these, the
typical Rocky Mountain race is of medium size, with a broad skull ;
the British Columbian 0. a. columbce is larger, with a narrow skull ;
while the Montana O. a. missoulce, which also has a narrow skull, is
small. The Alaskan 0. a. kennedyi differs by its slender and widely
divergent horns.
Distribution. — North America ; throughout the Rocky Mountains, from
the Salmon River, Idaho, nearly as far north as Cook's Inlet,.
Alaska.
35°
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
IOg
6
71
Cassiar
. Major J. F. Church.
iof
6J
71
Do.
K. K. Horn.
\o\
6
6|
Montana .
D. Davies.
IQi
Si
51
British Columbia
R. Rankin.
io|
6
7
Do.
. H. B. Tate.
\0\
6
Cassiar
R. Beaumont.
io£
51
6
Do.
C. H. Young.
io|
5
61
?
E. N. Buxton.
IO|
51
71
British Columbia
. Hon. M. Egerton.
10
51
51
Do.
Rev. Lord Victor Seymour.
10
Si
71
Cassiar
. M. W. Ward.
9i
54
6i
Do.
. W. A. Conduitt.
9S
41
71
?
S. H. Christy.
9i
6
6|
Cassiar
. H. C. Wilson.
91
.3
4s
6
Do.
. A. H. Goodall.
9§
6
6|
Do.
J. S. Shepherd.
91
5i
51
British Columbia
. G. C. Whitaker.
9§
41
7
Do.
T. A. Henderson.
91
Si
61
Cassiar
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart,
9i
51
5
?
F. Edelmann.
91
43
6|
British Columbia
P. N. Graham.
9i
4i
8|
Do.
. R. M. Spence.
91
51
61
Alaska
St. George Littledale.
91
41
North America .
. J. D. Cobbold.
91
51
6|
East Kutenay, B.C.
. A. E. Butter.
9i
6
5
British Columbia
. W. Neilson.
91
51
Si
Do.
. H. F. Wallace.
9i
51
6
Do.
P. K. Glazebrook.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
I2l
54
"1
British Columbia
. Wilson Potter.
"1
Do.
Clive Phillipps-Wolley.
? Hi
4l
61
Montana .
G. L. Harrison.
i°£
7
Cassiar
Col. Max C. Fleischmann
IOg
?
S. E. White.
\o\
51
Montana .
Walter James.
io&
Ai
British Columbia
Madison Grant.
9ioi
4+
Do.
Capt. A. Egerton.
10
6
61
Idaho
R. Edmunds.
MUSK-OX
35i
■:•.■■; "•■■ '•
- ■'.■:-■•.
Head of Greenland Musk-Ox.
The MUSK-OX (Ovibos moschatus).
In spite of its name, this Arctic ruminant has no near affinity with
the members of the ox tribe, the cheek-teeth being more like those of
the sheep and goats, the muzzle, except for a small strip between the
nostrils, hairy, and the tail reduced to a mere stump concealed among
the long hair of the hind-quarters. On the other hand, the resemblance
to the sheep is by no means close, the horns, which in old males nearly
meet in the middle line of the forehead, being of a totally different form
and structure, and the skull likewise very distinct. Probably the genus
is more or less nearly related to the serows and takins. In the males
the horns are much flattened and expanded at the bases, after which
they are bent suddenly down behind the eyes, to curve upwards again at
the tips. In the females they are much smaller, less expanded, and
not approximated at their bases. In both sexes their texture is coarse
and fibrous, and the colour yellow. The long coat of dark brown
hair depending from the back and sides like a mantle affords an
adequate protection against the rigors of an Arctic winter ; and the
broad spreading hoofs, with hair on their under surface, give a firm
foothold on snow and ice. Several races are known, including the typical
352
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Canadian and the Greenland O. moschatus wardi. The latter is charac-
terised by the presence of a certain amount of white on the forehead
and the smaller expansion of the horns. Height at shoulder, about
4 feet. Weight of a bull (piecemeal), 579 lbs. (the late D. T. Hanbury).
Distribution. — Arctic America, approximately north and east of a line
drawn from the mouth of the Mackenzie River to Fort Churchill
on Hudson Bay, Greenland, and Grinnell-land ; approximate
southern limit, lat. 6o° N. About a century ago musk-oxen also
inhabited the districts west of the Mackenzie, including Alaska.
.4.— CANADIAN RACE (0. moschatus typicus).
ngtn on
ide curve.
creacnn 01
palm.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
27|
IO
27i
Barren Grounds
27i
IO
23a
Do.
27k
I2l
27
Do.
26|
II
27
Do. . . .
26I
I2§
Arctic America
24!
II
25i
Barren Grounds
24i
7l
19
Do. . .
24i
IO|
26
Do.
24
9l
23s
Arct
c America
23i
6
22|
Do.
23
10
23i
Do.
23
7
21*
Do.
Owner.
The late David T. Hanbury.
H. Darrell.
Earl of Lonsdale.
American National Collection
(Warburton Pike).
British Museum (J. Rae).
Warburton Pike.
J. Talbot Clifton.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
A. Barclay Walker.
His Majesty the King.
Royal Scottish Museum.
24I
?24i
23
B.— GREENLAND RACE (0. moschatus wardi).
Length on Breadth
outside curve. of palm.
71
7
Tip to T
P-
Locality.
22|
G
reenland
27
Do.
232
Do.
Owner.
British Museum (the late Row-
land Ward).
Do.
H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
33
3o£
I2l
I3l
241
3o^t
Barren Grounds of
Northern Canada
?
N. J. Dinnen.
J. C. Phillips.
29
II
28
Greenland
. Dr. M. E. Johnstone.
28f
132-
23!
?
G. L. Harrison.
27!
II|
23
Barren Grounds
Caspar Whitney.
27^
IO|
27£
Do.
Imperial Museum, Vienna
2l£
4l
20§
Arctic America
Do.
TAHR
353
Head of Tahr.
The TAHR (Hemitragus jemlaicus).
The tahr and its relatives are the first representatives of that great
group of ruminants which includes the true goats and sheep. In all
these animals horns are, as a rule, present in both sexes, and are
generally more or less distinctly angulated ; while the cheek-teeth
have tall and narrow crowns like those of the serows, which the tahr
serve to connect with the true goats. From the latter tahr are readily
distinguished by the small size of their horns, which exceed but little
in length the head, as well as by the absence of a beard on the chin of
the males. The typical tahr is easily recognised by the great
length of the hair of the body, which, although in museum specimens
generally combed straight, is very shaggy in nature ; and likewise by
the form of the horns, which have a knotted sharp keel in front. Height
at shoulder, from 36 to 40 inches ; weight, about 200 lbs. Mr. Wilson,
" Mountaineer," had a pair of horns with a
10^ inches, as measured by Mr. A. O. Hume.
length of 16^ and girth
Distribution, — The Himalaya, from Bhutan to Kashmir.
2 A
54
RECORDS OF BIG
GAME
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
15
91
Si
Chamba ....
Col. C. M. Haggard.
Ht9*
81
Do
Major J. S. Rivett-Carnac.
Hi
8|
Do
Earl of Altamont.
Hi
9
42
Kishtwar .
Capt. W. F. Corbett.
Hi
8|
4§
?
Lieut. -Col. A. Cadell.
Hi
8|
°8
Kurriaon . . . .
British Museum (Hume Collection).
H
9
6
Chamba . . . .
H.H. the Raja of Chamba.
H
9
6g
Do
Major R. St. J. Gillespie.
H
8i
51
?
R. Heber-Percy.
H
8|
7
?
C. V. Stockwell.
H
9
3i
Padir .
, P. F. Hadow.
I3l
9
m
Chamba . . . .
Hugo de Burgh.
I3l
8|
71
Do
P Radclyffe.
I3l
9
ui
?
British Museum (Hume Collection),
I3l
81
71
?
I. Morse.
13!
9h
6|
?
G. M. Ram.
13*
H
7i
Kashmir ...
J. H. Phelps. -
i3i
H
7i
Chamba .
, Col. H. D. Olivier.
i3i
9
6|
Kishtwar .
. P. B. Vander Byl.
i3i
9\
6i
p
R. C. Watson.
13*
9
7h
?
Sir H. E. M. James.
'3§
9
8*
Garhwal .
Capt. A. W. Robertson-Glasgow.
i3i
9h
5S
?
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
15£ 8£ 8| Garhwal . . . . V. A. Mackinnon.
14-1% 8| 5 Chamba .... Major J. T. C. Murray.
H£ 9i 7i Garhwal .... Mess of the 3rd Gurka Rifles.
14^ 9^ 75 Chamba . . . . R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
ARABIAN TAHE 355
The ARABIAN TAHR (Hemitragus jayakeri).
A much smaller and rather shorter-haired species than the last, of
a generally tawny -brown colour, with relatively longer and more
slender horns, which are less boldly knotted on the front edge. Height
at shoulder, about 24^ inches.
This species, of which the type specimen is in the British Museum,
was first obtained by the late Col. Jayaker, in honour of whom it was
named by Mr. O. Thomas in 1894.
Distribution. — Jebel Taw, and probably some of the other ranges of
Oman, South-East Arabia.
Length on front Circum- T ,.. r\
c Locality. Owner.
Oman Mountains . . The late Lieut. -Col. A. S. G.
Jayaker.
? Bombay Natural History Society.
- Owner's measurements.
356
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Nilgiri Tahr.
The NILGIRI TAHR or "IBEX" (Hemitragus hylocrius).
Although commonly designated by British sportsmen the " Nilgiri
ibex," this species (the warriattu of the native shikaris) is really a
member of the same genus as the Himalayan tahr. From that species
it is at once distinguished by its short hair and the form of the horns ;
the latter having the outer surface convex instead of flat, and lacking
the knotted front keel. The general colour is dark blackish brown,
old males developing a light saddle-like patch on the back. Height
at shoulder, from 39 to 42 inches in the males and up to 35 inches
in the females.
Distribution. — The hill-ranges of Southern India, including the Nilgiris,
Anamalais, and the Western Ghats nearly to Cape Comorin ; usually
at elevations of from 4000 to 6000 feet, but occasionally descending
to lower levels. This species was greatly reduced in numbers by
constant persecution, but since the herds have been under Govern-
ment protection, and a special permit is necessary for shooting,
there has been a large increase.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
i6|
81
51
Nilgiris ,
. British Museum (Hume Collection)
16J
H
5
Do. .
Col. R. Hoare.
i6i
H
6
Do. .
. S. G. Bird.
NILGIRI TAHR
357
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
15!
71
51
Nilgiris .
J. II . Whitehouse.
i5i
8§
n
Do. .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
i5§
8|
6f
Do. .
Martyn Kennard.
i'sl
8i
6
Do. .
St. George Littledale.
i5i
71
51
Do. .
G. L. Harrison.
15
8i
54
Do. .
The late Sir H. D. Tichborne, Bart
14I
8J
5!
Do. .
Capt. C. S. Timins.
Hi
8i
71
Anamalai Hills
M. Loam.
i4i
8S
6J
Nilgiris .
British Museum.
14*
8§
5*
Do. .
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
I4l
8
4§
Anamalai Hills
Capt. T. W. Greenfield.
9 I2|
5i
2§
Do.
M. Loam.
9 ni
Si
4i
Do.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
i7h
93
17
9l
164
i5i
H
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
Nilgiris .... Rhodes Morgan.
Measured by Gen. Mac Master, i{
Do.
Do.
Do.
St. George Littledale.
Major F. W. H. Walshe.
358
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Astor Markhor. Shot by Capt. H. Barstow in Gilgit.
The MARKHOR (Capra falconeri).
The markhor, of which there are several races, passing more or less
completely into one another, introduces us to the true goats {Capra).
The males differ from the tahr by their larger horns, the length of
which greatly exceeds that of the head, and likewise by the presence of
a distinct beard on the chin. In most races of the markhor the beard
is extended so as to form a fringe on the throat and chest ; the hair
on the body is also elongated ; and the horns form a spiral, unlike the
scimitar-shape characteristic of the ibex and goat. In Gilgit the
summer coat is yellowish white, and the winter-dress of the old bucks
dark iron-grey.
Distribution.— The Western Himalaya, Gilgit, Afghanistan,
Bokhara, etc.
MARKHOR
359
A and B.— ASTOR and PIE PANJAL MARKHOR
(C. f. typica and C. f. cashmiriensis).
In the Astor, C. falconeri typica, and Pir Panjal, C. falconeri
cashmiriensis, races of the markhor the horns take the form of an open
corkscrew-like spiral, with comparatively few turns, recalling those of the
kudu ; the spiral being most open, the spread widest, and the turns
fewest in the Astor form. Height at shoulder of a Gilgit specimen,
38^ inches; of Kashmir specimens, from 38 to 41 inches; weight,
from about 200 to 240 lbs. The Astor race is found in Astor,
Baltistan, and Chilas, while the Pir Panjal form inhabits the Pir Panjal
and Kajnag ranges of Kashmir, and extends to the north-west into
Hazara. In Chitral and Gilgit occur gradations between horns of the
Pir Panjal and Astor types.
Length.
On outside
curve.
Straight
line.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
6o|
59
39±
36
IO|
46
Gilgit
Kajnag
Capt. H. Barstow. (See
illustration, p. 358.)
Lieut. -Col. S. D. Turnbull.
571
42
IO|
41
Do.
Major A. R. Knox.
57i
40 (
47i
Drosh
Capt. B. C. Graham.
56
5i*
Near Bunji
Capt. T. S. Johnson.
55
44i
II
47
East India Club.
55
Astor
The late Otho Shaw.
54*
54
10$
1 of
261
33i
Astor
British Museum (Hume
Collection).
Martyn Kennard.
53i
38*
12*
4°2
Do.
Lieut. -Col. J. Manners Smith.
531 '
371
IO
35
Chilas
Major C. A. Smith.
53i
405
12
433
Do.
Capt. J. A. Pottinger.
J53i
53
42^
40
Hi
I I
52 about
42
Astor
Gilgit
Sir Victor Brooke's Collec
tion.
Capt. H. F. L. Grant.
53
383
9i
35i
Do. .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
53
351
n|
34^
Pir Panjal
Major F. W. H. Walshe.
53
52l
34i
37^
11
1 1
32
35i
1 Shot t
Astor
Kajnag
)y Capt. Harry V. Brooke.
Lieut.-Col. the Hon. C. Wil
loughby.
Major A. G. W. Malet.
360
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Len
gth.
On outside
curve.
Straight
line.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
52*
39
II
39
Gilgit
Col. G. D. F. Sulivan.
52i
38|
I2i
44i
Chilas
. P. F. Hadow.
5i§
&l
"1
372
Gilgit
Lieut. -Col. B. E. M. Gurdon.
5i*
40^
I3l
34
Astor
. Capt. H. Whitaker.
5i§
37s
IO
33
Pir Panjal
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
5i*
12
44i
Haramosh
. Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
5i
36*
"i
40i
Chilas
Capt. A. H. Cameron.
5i
36i
"i
31
Kaj nag
. Sir H. E. M. James.
5i
36i
11
34%
Do.
. Col. J. W. A. Morgan.
5°!
50*
36i
36i
12
11
35i
. 35
Do.
Do.
Mess of the Seaforth High
landers.
. J. Arbuthnot.
5°i
351
IOj
45*
Haramosh
Capt. B. H. Shaw-Stewart.
50J
39
12
Do.
. W. R. Read.
50
38
iif
36
Astor
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
5°
36i
12
36
Chilas
Major W. Hayes-Sadler.
50
37
11
46
?
Major C. R. Kelly.
5°
32i
10
3i
?
Capt. S. M. Toppin.
49i
371
12
35
Baltistan .
H. PL Cripps.
49i
39
I2£
32h
?
G. 0. Smyth.
49i
36
ni
32
Chilas
. Major L. W. S. Oldham.
49i
36i
»1
3i
?
Capt. A. Young.
49
49
35
34*
14
ioi
44
37
Astor
?
British Museum (Hume
Collection).
Lieut. -Col. E. B. Cook.
49
33i
ioi
37A
?
P. Radclyffe.
49
32I
III
36S
?
N. S. Regnart.
48S
34i ■
"i
36|
Haramosh
Hon. H. G. O. Bridgeman.
48|
34
io£
3°i
?
Capt. H. A. G. Chamier.
48i
39h
9
27
Pir Panjal
. J. G. Millais.
4§i
35
13
4i
Chilas
. J. D. Cobbold.
4§i
«i
45
Astor
. Capt. M. Murphy.
48i
32
11
3ii
Baltistan .
. Major C. A. Smith.
48i
36i
11
33i
?
Capt. A. H. Wilson.
MARKHOR
361
Skull and Horns of Pir Panjal Markhor.
From a specimen presented by the late Mr. A. O. Hume to the British Museum.
Length.
1 outsid
curve.
e Straight
line.
Circum-
ference.
T
p to Tip.
Locality
48|
35
II
29i
.?
48
34
I of
36
Astor
48
-.-,3
J/5
I2|
29
Pir Panjal
48
37
II
41
?
48
34
9k
39
?
Owner.
Capt. the Hon. A. C. Murray.
His Majesty the King.
British Museum (Hume Col-
lection). (See illustration
on this page.)
Capt. E. Berry.
Capt. A. Marshall.
362
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Len
gth.
On outside
curve.
Straight
line.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality. Owner.
48
34
lOf
3*4
?
H. W. Seton.
48
36i
II
30
Chilas (?)
Capt. E. Le G. Whitting.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
x63
60
Pir Panjal
Astor
. Major -General A. A. A.
Kinloch.
Lucknow Museum.
59
12
36
Kajnag
The late Major J. C. Shirres.
571
Hi
40
Do.
. Capt. H. D. McLaughlin.
57
4oi
9l
38
Gilgit
Marquis of Lansdowne.
56i
38
11
38
Kashmir .
. J. Benett-Stanford.
56i
35
IO|
37
Gilgit
. W. P. Appleford.
56
36§
13*
34i
Kashmir .
Viscount Edmond de Pon-
55i
55
39
9i
II
3i*
34
Chilas
Gilgit
cins.
. Mess of the Queen's Own
Corps of Guides.
. F. M. Hodgkins.
55
38H
II
41}
Do.
. Mess of the 3rd Gurka Rifles.
53
33*
\o\
Baltistan .
W. M. Logan- Home.
53
3i4
10
33s
Gilgit
. Capt. H. R. P. Dickson.
1 Picked
up either
on the Pir Pa^
al or the Kajnag
Range by the late Col. Cuppage,
and measured by General Kinloch.
Certain horns in the Hume Collection indicate a type in some
degree intermediate between the Panjal and the Cabul type ; their place
of origin is unknown, but was probably somewhere west of the Indus.
MARKHOR
363
Length.
CHITRAL SPECIMENS.
curve.
line.
ference.
lip CO lip.
5°i
37
IO
34i
Chitral
50
36
IO
33
Do.
47i
34
IO&
39
Do.
Owner.
Capt. R. A. Lyall.
Major R. H. Macdonald.
H. Gous;h.
57
56
38
41
10J
"1
W VV IN £, i\
35
32
Chitral .
Do.
jIN 1 0.
. Bombay Natural History
Society.
Major C. Rose.
53
n
34
Do.
. Col. A. C. O'Donnell.
52
34
10
33l
Do.
. Capt. G. W. Burton.
5H
11
3°2
Do.
. Capt. J. Carruthers.
Sii
36
Do.
. Major G. A. Leslie.
49
39i
«i
Do.
. Major C. R. Johnson.
C— CHIALTAN RACE (C. falconeri chialtanensis).
Differs from other races in the form of the spiral of the horns.
May perhaps turn out to be a hybrid between the markhor and
domesticated goat ; some Chialtan specimens being almost certainly
of this nature.
Distribution. — The Chialtan Range of Baluchistan.
Length.
On outside Straight Circum- ry „,.
nirvp lin*v Wnrp
curve.
-36
342
-34
line.
25
26
27
I3i
Locality.
Chialtan Range
Do.
Do.
Owner.
Capt. W. M. Hunt {The
Field, June 7, 1913).
British Museum (Col. H.
Appleton).
Capt. W. M. Hunt {The
Field, June 7, 1913).
Owner's measurements.
Skull and Horns of Suleman Markhor. From a specimen presented by thedate
Mr. A. O. Hume to the British Museum.
364
MARKHOR
365
Skull and Horns of Cabul Markhor. From a specimen presented by
the late Mr. A. O. Hume to the British Museum.
D. and E.— CABUL and SULEMAN RACES
(C. falconeri megaceros and C. f. jerdoni).
In the Cabul race of the markhor {C. falconeri megaceros), typically
from the trans-Indus districts near Cabul, the horns are nearly straight,
but show a slightly open spiral ; being, in fact, intermediate between
those of the Pir Panjal and Suleman races. Markhor from the Chitral
valley generally have horns of the Cabul type, but in some cases these
conform to the Pir Panjal type ; both types occurring in the members
of one and the same flock. In the Suleman markhor {C. falconeri jerdoni)
the horns form a perfectly straight cone, upon which the spiral ridges run
366
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
like the " worm " of a screw. The distributional area of the latter race
includes the trans-Indus hill- ranges on the frontier of the Punjab,
Afghanistan, and Baluchistan, extending in the Suleman range as far
as Mithankot, and also to the Ouetta district.
Length.
Straight
line.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
48^
71
Odd horn
?
Suleman race
391
10^
24i
Afghanistan
39i
I2i
38
Range 25 miles N.W.
of Wana
3H
ioi-
23l
Afghanistan
38
IO
26
Cabul .
37
IO
32
Kurram Valley
obi
9l
IS
Khyber Pass
34
11
23
?
33
9i
i9l
Afghanistan
32S
92
20
Waziristan .
32I
91
28
?
32
10
27l
Cabul
3i*
9l
27
Suleman Range .
3o|
10
25
Baluchistan .
3°
91
2C>g
S. Waziristan
29!
H
23S
Baluchistan .
29*
10
19
Khyber Pass
29
ioi
16
?
28!
94
i8f
Sheik Budin
27
9
18
Do.
26S
Hi
22Tj
Suleman Range .
36
11
32
33i
ioJ
23
32!
10
22^
3ii
9h
I7J
3i
92
25
Owner.
British Museum.
British Museum (Col. Grant).
A. J. Grant.
H.R.H. the Duke of Saxe-Coburg
and Gotha.
Capt. O. H. Radford.
Lieut. -Col. Sir G. Roos-Keppel.
Major E. Kirkpatrick.
G. F. Giffard.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Major G. Dodd.
British Museum (Hume Col-
lection).
British Museum (Hume Col-
lection). See illustration on
page 365.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Col. J. Biddulph.
Capt. A. G. Shea.
Lieut. -Col. R. H. Rattray.
Major A. L. Bickford.
American National Collection.
J. C. Phillips.
Col. J. Biddulph.
British Museum (Hume Col-
lection). See illustration on
page 364.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
Bunnu . . . F. M. Hodgkins.
? Bombay Natural History Society.
Bunnu . . . Mess of the Queen's Own Corps
of Guides.
? C. P. Henderson.
? R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
SARIN OR ASIATIC IBEX
367
Head of Tien Shan race of Asiatic Ibex. From Lord Elphinstone's specimen.
The SAKIN or ASIATIC IBEX (Capra sibirica).
The first of the true ibexes, in all of which the long scimitar-shaped
horns carry bold transverse knots on the front surface. In the present
species the horns are characterised by their large size and well-
developed front surface ; the second distinctive feature being the long
beard of the males. Height at shoulder, from 40 to 42 inches. Weight,
about 206 lbs. ; when cleaned, from 128 to 153 lbs.
Distribution. — The mountains of Central Asia, from near Lhasa, the
Tien Shan, and the Altai to the Himalaya (exclusive of the Pir
Panjal), and from the neighbourhood of Herat to Kumaon and
adjacent districts as far east as the source of the Ganges. Several
local races of this species are recognised ; the typical race {C.
sibirica typicd) of the Sayansk range, the Irtish race (C. s. altaicd),
the Tien Shan race (C. s. almasyi), the Gilgit race {C. s. pedri),
the Katutay ibex (C. s. lydekkeri), the Balti ibex (C. s. wardi),
the Himalayan ibex (C. s. sarin) from the mountains to the north-
ward of Kashmir, and the Lahul (C. s. Jilippii).
363
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
TIEN SHAN RACE.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
58
ni
44i
Tien Shan .
Col. H. Appleton.
57S
11
40J
Do. .
C. H. Bury.
57i
I0f
24
Do.
H. M. von Archer.
57h
"I
28
Do.
Capt. G. R. H. Cheape.
571
11
30
Do.
A. Bayley-Worthington.
56f
ni
36^
Do.
Lord Elphinstone.
56!
IO|
31
Do.
Capt. J. F. Turner.
56*
II
40
Do.
R. F. Glyn.
56
ioJ
2I|
Do.
P. F. Hadow.
541
"i
29
Do.
P. B. Vander Byl.
54l
"i
3°i
Do.
Major A. D. Greenhill-Gardyne.
54i
Hi
Do. - .
B. Chew.
]54
10!
45
Do.
His Majesty the King.
53l
Hi
45
Do.
. J. H. Miller.
53l
ioi
33*
Do.
Ford G. Barclay.
531
Hi
34
China
Major P. Hambro.
53i
Hi
42
Tien Shan .
R. Hayne.
53i
io|
2I|
Do.
Col. C. B. Wood.
53i
I2i
35
Do.
Capt. J. N. Price Wood.
53
12
35*
Do.
St. George Littledale.
521
I2i
26
Do.
P. Church.
52$
ni
22J
Do. .
T. P. Miller.
52
ni
40.I
Do.
W. R. Read.
5if
12J
48
Do. ...
Capt. H. Whitaker.
5if
12
34
Do.
Capt. the Hon. G. H. Douglas-
Pennant.
5o|
5oi
"i
IO|
35-1
3i
Do.
Do.
British Museum (St. George
Littledale).
C. C. Tower.
50
1 1
3°i
Do. .
Marquis of Lansdowne.
50
Hi
24 i
Do.
Col. A. H. Hussey.
50
12
I9i
Do. .
. J. V. Phelps.
4H
ioi
3H
Altai .
Col. C. B. Wood.
46A
12
20*
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
1
Shot by St. George Litt
edale.
SARIN OR ASIATIC IBEX
369
LADAKI, BALTI, and KASHMIRI RACES.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
55
ni
53*
io|
5i£
9h
49S
10
49
io\
4§3
io\
48i
9l
4§i
9
4§i
io£
4§i
ioi
471
8|
47
io^
465
10
46|
9i
46|
' 91
46S
91
46i
10
46i
io|
46i
IO|
46
ioi
46
10J
46
1 of
46
10
46
II
46
1 of
451
ioj
452
II
451
9
451
IOL
45*
9i
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
35
Gilgit
Lieut.-Col. B. E. M. Gurdon.
20J:
Do. .
Col. J. Biddulph.
34*
?
Lieut.-Col. J. Manners Smith.
2li
Chitral
British Museum (Lieut.-Col.
B. E. M. Gurdon).
92
Skardo
Major George Douglas.
33
Baltistan .
H. H. Cripps.
3°i
N ubra, north of Leh .
British Museum (Hume Codec
tion).
22f
Kashmir .
Col. G. D. F. Sulivan.
28
Do.
Capt. S. H. Charrington.
29?
Ladak
Capt. R. H. R. Brocklebank.
29l
Chitral
M. Ostreham.
35
Baltistan .
Lady Constance Stewart-
Richardson.
181
?
E. R. Harris.
Kashmir .
Lieut.-Col. E. B. Cook.
25i
Do.
P. Radclyffe.
22^
Do.
Lieut.-Col. W. Goring.
25i
Kashmir
G. A. Lloyd.
23i
?
Major J. S. Bogle.
I22
?
Capt. E. T. W. McCausland.
173
Baltistan .
Capt. R. S. H. Walpole.
2I|
?
Major C. E. Palmer.
I2i
Ladak
P. F. Hadow.
24i
?
Capt. H. G. Stafford.
144
Kashmir
Capt. H. Meynell.
25i
Do. .
J. Piatt.
Do. .
Capt. H. Nicolay.
i3i
Do. .
F. PI. Norton.
19
Baltistan
Hon. A. G. Brand.
18
?
J. V. E. Lees.
Pamir
Major J. B. Mackintosh.
2 B
37o
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
45i
91
i9i
Pamir
Lieut. -Col. R. L. Kennion
45i
9f
194
Baltistan .
. T. R. Ubsdell.
45*
\o\
27
Do.
His Majesty the King.
45i
IO
i8|
?
Capt. A. Courage.
45
9
I2i
Baltistan .
Major C. B. Vandeleur.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
56i
»i
371
Tien Shan .
Lieut. -Col. H. M. Biddulph.
55
Tagdumbash
. Col. A. E. Ward.
^41
52|
ioi
11
25
nf
Gilgit
Hunza
Mess of the Queen's Own Corps
of Guides.
Capt. H. R. P. Dickson.
52
10
Baltistan .
H.H. the Maharaja of Travancore.
514
Kashmir .
Martyn Kennard.
51
Do.
. Col. A. E. Ward.
51
ioi
29
Gilgit
F. M. Hodgkins.
45i
45
9l
10
24I
2o£
Baltistan .
Gilgit
Mess of the Queen's Own Corps
of Guides.
Col. J. Biddulph.
1 Picked up by Maj.-Gen. R
E. Hutchinson.
The IBEX or STEINBOCK (Capra ibex).
This species, which only survives in a protected state, differs from
the Asiatic ibex by the much smaller size of the beard of the male, as
well as by a slight variation in the horns ; the height at the shoulder
reaching to about 34 inches. Weight, from 85 to 106 lbs. clean.
Formerly distributed throughout the higher Alps of Switzerland, Savoy,
and the Tyrol, but now surviving only in a few valleys on the Italian
side of Monte Rosa. Most of the few specimens now obtainable are
comparatively small, and good horns are very scarce in English
collections.
Length
on front
curve.
34i
29
28J
28
Circum-
ference.
91
8|
9i
Tip to
Tip.
26£
I7i
m
Locality.
Styria
Valley of Aosta
Do.
Do.
Owner.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Rev. J. M. Gordon.
J. Hamilton Leigh.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
IBEX OR STEINBOCK
37i
Length
on front
curve.
27*
26f
Circum-
ference.
9i
81
Tip to
Tip.
Weight.
Locality.
Valley of Aosta
Do.
Owner.
Royal Scottish Museum.
British Museum.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
44§
ioi
39!
\o\
38|
3°
9
28i
9l
170 lbs.
4oi
Valley of Aosta
?
Valley of Aosta
?
Valley of Aosta
H.M. the King of Italy.
Imperial Museum, Vienna.
H.M. the King of Italy.
Dublin Museum.
C. II. Wilczek.
Ibex Head, in the possession of H.M. the King of Italy.
372
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Abyssinian Ibex. Shot by Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
The WALA or ABYSSINIAN IBEX (Capra vali).
This ibex, the wala of the natives of Simien, differs from the
Nubian ibex by its stouter build, shorter beard, and larger and more
massive horns, on which the knots are but slightly prominent, as well
as by its darker colour and superior size. The forehead of the skull
has a conspicuous bony prominence. Although described by Ruppell
in 1835, this ibex was practically unknown till 1901, when a fine
series of specimens was brought home by Major Powell-Cotton.
Height at shoulder, about 40 inches. Weight, about 260 lbs.
Distribution. — The mountains of Simien, Abyssinia.
Length on
front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
43!
ni
27
Abyssinia
43 %
»i
I2£
Do.
43
ioi
23
Do.
x42|
"4
I8J
Do.
4if
11
1 62
Do.
4Qg
11
Do.
9i3i
45
8g
Do.
Ov
British Museum (Major P. H. G.
Powell-Cotton).
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
Admiral the Hon. Sir Hedworth
Meux.
Her Majesty Queen Alexandra.
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
1 Presented by the late Ras Makunnan, 1902.
BEDEN OR NUBIAN IBEX
373
'
■■.^"yv':-:.:-: : :- ■ ■■
Head of Nubian Ibex.
Shot in the Red Sea Province by Mr. J. H. Miller.
The BEDEN or NUBIAN IBEX (Capra nubiana).
This species may be easily distinguished from both the Asiatic
and the Alpine ibex by the form of the horns, which are very long,
rather slender, and with the outer front angle much bevelled off, so
that the proper front surface is very narrow, and its transverse knots
proportionately short. Three races are recognised, namely, the typical
Nubian form, C. n. typica, the S. Arabian C. n. mejigesi, and the
Sinaitic C. n. sinaitica. In the form of its horns the latter approximates
to the wild goat.
Distribution. — The mountains of Southern Arabia, Palestine, the Sinaitic
Peninsula, Upper Egypt, and probably also those of Morocco and
the interior of Senegambia. Arabian name, beden.
374
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
.4.— NUBIAN RACE (C. nubiana typica).
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
46£
8
North Africa
British Museum.
454
8
324
Do.
H. H. Prince Omar Toussoun.
45
-3
/5
i6|
Red Sea Province
G. E. Burnett-Stuart.
442
43l
8
9i
i6i
6|
Do.
North Africa
J. H. Miller. (See illustration
P- 373-)
Percy C. Madeira.
43*
71
22J
Do.
. Lieut. -Col. H. R. Lloyd.
43
8
19
Near Suakin
A. L. Butler.
42
74
20
Do.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
4i|
71
171
North Africa
Major W. H. Besant.
4o|
71
20|
Do.
. W. H. Watney.
40i
7h
24
Do.
A. Fowler.
4C>i
7h
i8|
Do.
H. Boughton Leigh.
4o
8
194
Do.
Major H. H. S. Morant.
381
71
124
Upper Egypt .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
3§i
74
*4i
North Africa
Prince E. Demidoff.
38^
81
1(4
Do.
Lord Villiers.
38£
7
2I|
Suakin
L. C. G. Clarke.
384
71
23
Do. . . .
P. B. Vander Byl.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
5i
43l
394 Upper Egypt
Do.
The late Prince Henry of Liechten-
stein.
C. S. Mann.
BEDEN OR NUBIAN IBEX
375
X
m
*>/H
ir *■>- %, >
/♦r
Skull and Horns of Arabian Ibex. Shot by Major W. Merewether.
,5. and C— -S. ARABIAN and SINAITIC RACES (C. nubiana mengesi
and sinaitica).
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
50
9
Southern Arabia
Capt. J. T. Brinkley.
42
7i
Arabia
East India Club.
414
8
l6b
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
39i
8|
19I
South- East Arabia
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
3§i
7h
12
Sinai
R. Hayne.
37f
7
i3i
Do.
Capt. C. P. Hey wood.
374
6i
12
Do.
P. Swan.
36|
74
9i
Do.
. W. H. Tottie.
36|
7
10
Do.
P. A. Kennedy.
? i°l
3i
2i
Do.
W. E. Pease.
494
39
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS
Southern Arabia
Sinai
Major W. Merewether. (See
illustration.)
Capt. L. Buxton.
376 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Sind Wild Goat. From a specimen presented by the late
Mr. A. O. Hume to the British Museum.
The PASANG or WILD GOAT (Capra hircus).
The horns of the wild goat (C. hircus cegagrus) of the Caucasus and
persia — which is the ancestral form of the domesticated goat of Europe
and Asia {C. hircus) — differ from those of the various species of ibex
by having no distinct front surface, but merely a sharp notched keel,
representing the inner front angle of the ibex horn. In old males
the beard is very long. The general colour of the upper-parts is brownish
grey in winter and reddish brown in summer, while the under-parts
are white, and there are blackish brown and white markings on the
body, face, and limbs. Height at shoulder reaching to 37 inches.
The so-called Sind ibex (C. hircus blythi) forms a second local race
of the species, inhabiting Sind and parts of Baluchistan, where it prob-
ably passes imperceptibly into the Caucasian race. It is distinguished
mainly by a slight difference in the form of the horns. Other races
are found in some of the islands of the JEgean Archipelago, where they
appear to have been more or less crossed with domesticated breeds.
Distribution. — The islands of South-Eastern Europe, and the mountains
of South -Eastern Europe and South- Western Asia from the
Caucasus through Asia Minor and Persia to the confines of
Baluchistan and Sind. Persian name, pasang (rock-footed).
PASANG OR WILD GOAT
377
.4.— CAUCASIAN RACE (C. hircus segagrus).
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
554
24
Persia
Carl Hagenbeck.
5ii
9
7
Russian Turkestan
. The late Prince P. Demidoff.
48i
84
1 3s
Caucasus
British Museum.
47i
71
8|
Persia
Lieut. -Col. R. L. Kennion.
464
8|
i8|
Asia Minor
F. C. Selous.
46i
9i
Hi
Do.
T. Bowen Rees.
454
8|
5
Do.
R. Graham.
45
71
British Mekran .
. Capt. A. W. White.
444
H
2I§
Caucasus
British Museum.
43*
IO
124
Persia
Hon. W. Erskine.
43
9
isi
Taurus Range
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
43
8^
i44
N. Persia .
. Capt. C. T. Daukes.
43
84
22§
?
J. Carr Saunders.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
53
IO
46
Asia Minor
. B. Hodder.
5o|
9±
14
Taurus Range
Count C. Deym.
474
9i
Cilician Taurus .
C. G. Danford.
451
8|
9l
Daghestan .
. E. N. Buxton.
45i
9i
21
Damascus .
. Dr. Albert von Stephani
434
IO
214
Asia Minor
. D. Forbes.
B.— SIND RACE (C. hircus blythi).
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
52|
71
8f
Sind
494
71
11
Do.
-48
8
204
Do.
46|
71
14
Do.
46
71
11
Do.
Locality.
Owner.
British Museum (Hume Collection).
(Shot by Col. F. Marston.) See
illustration.
Capt. L. P. Haviland.
J. D. Inverarity.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Major C. S. Cumberland.
Owner's measurements.
378
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Domesticated Goat from Daghestan. Sir Edmund G. Loder's specimen.
DOMESTICATED GOATS.
Length on Circum-
front curve. ference.
52*
44i
4o£
372
-37
351
34!
34
332
io£
6
9§
7i
1\
71
72
82
to Tip.
Locality.
40|
Daghestan .
29}
Angora
Daghestan .
32|
Scotland
35
Meoble
38i
?
38i
Scotland
322
Do.
261
Meoble
Owner.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Do.
Do.
. Col. W. Hall Walker.
Walter Jones.
B. de Bertodano.
Duke of Bedford.
F. C. Selous.
. Hon. O. C. Molyneux.
Owner's measurements.
SPANISH IBEX
379
Skull and Horns of Spanish Ibex. H. M. The King of Spain's record specimen.
The SPANISH IBEX (Capra pyrenaica).
Although commonly designated an ibex, the Spanish wild goat has
horns more like those of one of the Caucasian ture, and is therefore
better regarded as a species of that group. The horns, which have a
sharp inner edge, are twisted in a very open semi-spiral, with the tips
generally turned outwards, and are quite unlike those of the true ibex.
In having dark and light markings on the limbs the species is, however,
much more like the wild goat than either of the Caucasian ture.
The beard of the males varies greatly in size according to age and
season. Height at shoulder, from about 27 to 32 inches ; weight,
when clean, about 10 stone.
Distribution. — The Pyrenees and the high ranges of Central Spain,
Andalucia, and Portugal. The typical race of the species inhabits
the Pyrenees ; the ibex of the Serra do Gerez, Portugal, said to
have less spreading horns, is separated as C. pyrenaica lusitanica ;
those of the Sierra Nevada form a third race (C. p. /lispanica),
characterised by the slight development of the black markings ;
and a fourth race (C. p. victories), intermediate between the typical
race and hispanica, is found on the Sierra de Grados.
38o
Length on
outside
curve.
Circu
feren
-.-.1
J>J2
91
31
Sf
30h
9
29i
91
28
9k
27I
9
251
H
25*
71
24i
10
23s
8
22§
9i
22§
10
?9l
51
RECORDS OF BIG
Tip to Tip. Locality.
GAME
2.Q
Sierra de Gredos
Pyrenees .
26
Sierra de Gredos
23i
Sierra Nevada .
23l
Spain
25
Central Spain
i6g
Spain
ioi
Nr. Cordova
H
Val d' Arras
16
Southern Spain .
i8|
Val d' Arras
15A
Sierra de Gredos
61
Val d'Arras
Owner.
H.M. the King of Spain.
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
i Marquis de Viana.
^Marquis de Villaviciosa.
Abel Chapman.
British Museum.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Lord Hindlip.
E. N. Buxton.
Marques Marzales.
E. N. Buxton.
Duke de Turancon.
E. N. Buxton.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
3oi
91
23!
Central Spain
Abel Chapman and W. J. Buck.
29!
H
23i
Almeira
H. Brinsley Brooke.
29I
9s
20J
Sierra de Gredos
Natural History Museum, Madrid
29I
8i
20J
Sierra Nevada .
Do.
28|
iol
2S§
?
Imperial Museum, Vienna.
28£
91
24I
Sierra de Gredos
Marques de la Torrecilla.
27i
9§
201
Do.
Marques de Viana.
27l°*
ioi
■''to
Do.
H.M. the King of Spain.
27l
81
201
Do.
. Jose del Prado.
27
10 J
201
Do.
H.M. the King of Spain.
251
91
13
Spain
. W. J. Buck.
? iof
51
71
Val d'Arras
. A. E. Leatham.
WESTERN TUR
381
, Western Tur or Caucasian Ibex. Shot by Mr. P. B. Vander Byl.
WESTERN TUR or CAUCASIAN IBEX (Capra severtzowi).
Of the two peculiar kinds of wild goats inhabiting the Caucasus
and locally known as ture, the present species is easily recognised by
the approximation in the form of its horns to those of true ibex, and
the uniform chestnut-brown colour of the male in the summer coat ;
the chin, beard, and lower part of the legs being dark brown. In
adults the beard, when fully developed, is long, straight, and narrow.
Height at shoulder, about 42 inches.
Distribution. — The western half of the main chain of the Caucasus.
The typical race {C. severtzowi typicd) inhabits the mountains west
of Elbruz. It is the larger, and has the knots on the horns
moderately developed. Still farther west, in the North-western
Caucasus, although somewhat overlapping the range of the first,
comes Dinnik's race (C. s. dinniki), the range of which to the west,
like that of the species, is limited by Mount Shungus.
382
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on front
curve.
40
37
34!
Circum- Tip to
ference. Tip.
.4.— TYPICAL RACE (C. severtzowi typica).
Locality. Owner.
I3t *4i "W. Caucasus
ni 26h Do.
11 16 Do.
St. George Littledale.
Do.
British Museum.
B.— NORTH-WESTERN RACE (C. severtzowi dinniki).
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
345
12
22
Kuban
, N.W. Caucasus .
Prince E. Demidoff.
33i
12*
Do.
. P. B. Vander Byl.
3*2
II|
22|
Do.
Do.
32k
Hi
25i
Do.
Prince E. Demidoff.
3°§
"1
i6§
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
3°
"i
i9i
Do.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
EASTERN TUR 383
Head of Pallas's Eastern Tur. Shot by Prince E. Demidoff.
EASTERN TUR or CAUCASIAN BHARAL (Capra caucasica).
Distinctly different from the last is the wild goat commonly
designated by sportsmen the " Caucasian bharal " ; this name being
derived from the resemblance of its horns to those of the true
Himalayan bharal. In spite of this point of resemblance, its affinities
are, however, evidently with the goats, although it indicates a step
from the more typical members of that group in the direction of the
bharal. Both races are characterised by the width and shortness of
the beard, which forms a curling fringe on each side of the chin. The
general colour of the coat in the bharal-like race is uniform dull
brown, except on the chin, the tip of the tail, and portions of the legs,
where it is blackish brown. Height at shoulder, about 3 feet.
Although generally classed as typifying a species, Pallas's tur is
best regarded as a race of the true C. caucasica, in which the horns
are somewhat less bharal-like, and may show small knots in front.
Distribution. — The Central Caucasus and the Eastern Caucasus,
from Kasbek to Daghestan.
^.—TYPICAL RACE (C. caucasica typica).
Distribution. — Central Caucasus to east of Elbruz.
Length Circum. Tip t0
on front c r£- Locality. U
ference. 1 lp. J
wner.
curve.
29h I2i ? Central Caucasus . . Specimen described by Dinnik.
384
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
The following specimen, which has been regarded as a hybrid, is
intermediate in character between the above and C. severtzowi.
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
ioj
Tip to
Tip.
22^
Locality.
Elbruz District .
Owner.
St. George Littledale.
B. — PALLAS'S EACE (C. caucasica cylindricornis).
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
46
132
Si
Eastern Caucasus
Prince E. Demidoff.
44!
I3i
IO
Do.
The late Prince P. Demidoff.
43
4°2
14
I2±
174
i5i
Do.
Do.
British Museum (the late Prince
P. Demidoff).
. P. B. Vander Byl.
40
12^
10
Do.
P. H. Thomas.
39
i3tV
19
Do.
St. George Littledale.
3§i
13
17
Do.
Do.
3H
12^
Eastern Caucasus
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
36!
i3i
i6|
Do.
Count H. de Ganay.
36
13
Daghestan .
. J. D. Cobbold.
35*
12
iSi
Eastern Caucasus
Rhys Williams.
35
I2|
20|
Do.
Mervyn G. Williams.
35
12^
16
Do.
S. Whitehouse.
34!
I3l
24i
Do.
. Duke of Alba.
341
iog
134
Do.
. Major Talbot.
33t
13
i7i
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
32
13
19
Do.
. Berthold Smith.
32
"4
22
Do.
Sutton Timmis.
314
12
7i
Do.
F. G. Barclay.
3i
II
28
Do.
. Capt. H. H. P. Deasy.
BHARAL
385
Skull and Horns of Bharal.
The BHARAL or BLUE SHEEP (Pseudois nahura).
Ta-sang-yang, Chinese.
With horns not unlike those of Pallas's tur, the bharal or blue
sheep of Tibet differs from the goats by the absence of a beard
and a strong odour in the males, and on account of these and other
points of difference from the goats is placed next the sheep, of which
group it forms a very aberrant member. The most distinctive external
features are the comparatively smooth and olive-coloured horns, which
curve at first outwards and then backwards from the sides of the head,
and the bluish grey colour of the thick coat of the back and sides, the
flanks, under-parts, and legs being handsomely marked with black and
white. Height at shoulder, about 36 inches; weight, about 130 lbs..
In the complete absence of glands on the face, and the rudimentary
condition of those between the hoofs, the bharal differs from typical
sheep and approximates to goats.
Distribution. — From Hunza, and Shigar, in Baltistan, and near Sanju,
south-east of Yarkand, to Sze-chuan and Shen-si, and from the
main axis of the Himalaya, or locally some distance south of the-
same, to the Kuenluen and Altyn Tag ; in summer usually met:
with at elevations between 14,000 and 16,000 feet, and apparently
never found below about 10,000 feet.
2 c
386
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
Circum-
:ront curve.
ference,
311
i3i
30l
I2i
3oh
10
30
i3i
3°
11
29J
1 ig
29L
12
28|
1 64
28|
124
28^
11-4
281
«i
28
11
28
11
271
104
271
ioi
274
13
2jh
1 of
27i
II
^7^
12
21
I2i
27
Hi
21
H4
26|
104
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
22^
Ladak
2lg
Garhwal
184
?
25i
Ladak
24
Hanle, Spiti
254
?
26i
Northern
Sikhim
214
?
22
Chang-chi
:nmo
i6i
?
264
Hanle .
20^
?
16
Hanle .
232
?
10
Ladak
34
Kumaon
i6|
?
214
Ladak
25i
Do.
22\
Do.
251
Do.
28
Tibet .
i6i
Ladak
Owner.
J. Campbell of Kilberry.
British Museum (Hume Collection).
Major F. G. T. Deshon (King
Edward's Hospital for Officers).
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Major B. L. Carew.
H.R.H. the Duke of Saxe-
Coburg and Gotha.
Major A. Pearse.
Major Lord Charles M. Nairne.
Capt. B. II. Shaw-Stewart.
Major C. A. Vivian.
Major F. W. II. Walshe.
British Museum (Hume Collection).
Arnold Pike.
R. II. Edmondson.
Capt. G. Campbell.
E. R. Neave.
P. Radclyffe.
St. George Littledale.
Col. H. Appleton.
Capt. R. S. H. Walpole.
Capt. A. E. Cathcart.
Major C. S. Cumberland.
Capt. W. F. Reichwald.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
33i
324
x3o4
30
29
284
284
12
11
io4
12
154
Shot on Lhasa Expedi- H. H. Hayden.
tion, 1904.
Milam Pass . . Major W. de L. Williams.
Ladak
Baba Pass
Ladak
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
Major R. W. Johnston.
Lieut. -Col. A. E. Ward.
R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
Indian Museum.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
-264
12
24i
"4
i8|
11
174
iof
Chinese Specimens.
Tip to Tip. Locality. Owner.
29 Ta-chi-lu . . . M. Mitchell.
31 \ Kan-su, Tibet border . K. K. Horn.
27I S.-W. border of Kan-su II. F. Wallace.
24 Do. G. Fenwick-Owen.
■ Owner's measurements. Picked up.
ARUI, OR BARBARY SHEEP
387
Head of Arui,
The ARUI, UDAD, or BARBARY SHEEP (Ammotragus lervia).
The only wild sheep found throughout the continent of Africa is
the arui or fechstal of the Arabs, the udad or Barbary sheep of
naturalists ; a species with horns not very unlike those of the bharal,
and also lacking glands on the face, but readily distinguished by its
uniformly tawny colour, the fringe of long hair depending from the
throat, chest, and the upper portion of the fore-legs, and the unusual
length of the tail, which exceeds that of all other wild sheep. In the
length of this appendage the arui approaches many domesticated
sheep, of which, however, it is not the ancestor. Height at shoulder,
about 3 feet 3 inches. Three races are recognised.
Distribution. — The mountains of Northern and North-Eastern Africa,
from Morocco to Egypt, and thence southwards nearly to Khartum,
in about lat. 160 N. ; also the desert south of Biskra.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
outside curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
33-i
i3i
12|
Algeria
Sir Abe Bailey.
29s
\z\
19
Do.
V. Cholmondeley.
28|
12
I4l
Do.
R. A. Cooper.
28^
Hi
l8
Do.
. British Museum (Hon. John Ward)
28J
II§
i8£
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
27I
16
3oi
Sudan
. D. P. MacGillivray.
2"]\
12
21
Tunisia
P. H. Thomas.
26J
II
19
Algeria
. W. H. Lindsay.
26
Hi
16^
Do.
. W..H. Edgar.
26
13
24
Sudan
. A. L. Butler.
25i
"1
17!
Algeria
Hon. John Ward.
25i
»i
17
Do.
. F. de Murietta.
25s
IO§
16
Do.
. Col. G. J. Cuthbert.
24I
iog
16
Tunisia
. Capt. W. W. Pitt-Taylor.
24S
Ili
i7i
Algeria
E. Richardson Cox.
24I
II§
i8|
Do.
. H. G. Watson.
241
I2i
i7i
Dongola
. 0. Atkey.
23i
ioi
17
Tunis
C. Trevor Wingfield.
22|
ioi
22^
Algeria
. F. M. Bailey.
22§
Hi
I4i
Tunisia
Capt. J. B. Jenkinson.
22i
II
Mi
Algeria
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
22^
12
i6f
Dongola
. Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
9 22
II|
I5i
Dongola
. 0. Atkey.
22
ni
16
Red Sea Littoral
. R. Wavell-Paxton.
2li
io£
i8i
Do.
. Capt. S. S. Flower.
2IJ
21
I0|
ioi
I7i
15*
Do.
Do.
. Capt. the Hon. G. H. Douglas-
Pennant.
. G. C. Whitaker.
21
ni
184
W. of Dongola
Earl of Kingston.
28
»4
1 6i
S. Tuni
27f
ni
14A
Algeria
27^
12%
I3&
?20|
10
16
Algeria
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
. J. I. S. Whitaker.
Viscount Edmond de Poncins.
Imperial Museum, Vienna.
A. E. Pease.
BIGHORN
389
Skull and Horns of Rocky Mountain Bighorn.
The BIGHORN SHEEP (Ovis canadensis).
The bighorn of the American continent, inclusive of its local races,
is a large sheep, distinguished from the Asiatic argalis, among other
features, by the comparative smoothness of the horns, in which the
outer front angle is prominent and the inner one rounded off, and also
by the smaller size of the face-glands. There is a well-marked whitish
patch on the rump, but the amount of white on the under-parts and
legs shows considerable local variation. In the typical Rocky
Mountain race {O. canadensis typicd) the ears are long and pointed,
with short hair, and the horns, which are very heavy, diverge but little
outwards, and generally have the tips broken. The Californian O.
canadensis nelsoni is a paler southern race. In O. canadensis stonei of
the North-West Territories the colour of the back is very dark, and
the white on the hind part of the belly and legs sharply defined. Both
in this race and the white O. canadensis dalli of Alaska the horns are
lighter, more divergent, and more sharply pointed, while the ears tend
to become shorter, blunter, and more hairy. The grey O. c. fannini
tends to connect stonei with dalli, and as a matter of fact all three
intergrade. Height at shoulder, about 3 feet 2 inches. Weight, about
350 lbs. Numerous other American races have been named.
The horns of the ewes are very small in comparison with those of the
rams, seldom measuring more than 1 5 inches on the curve from base
39°
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
to tip. Large male horns are now difficult to obtain, and of late years
it is seldom that those of fresh-killed specimens are seen exceeding
38 inches on the curve from tip to tip.
Distribution. — The range of the American representatives of the
bighorn extends from the Rocky Mountains southwards to Sonora,
Northern Mexico, and California, and northwards to Alaska and
the shores of Bering Sea. On the Asiatic side of Bering Strait the
species is represented by two, or perhaps three, races nearly allied
to the northern New World forms.
A.— ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIGHORN (0. canadensis typica).
Specimens referable to some of the allied American races are
included in this list.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
42
16
Wyoming
T. W. H. Clarke.
41
17
14
Alberta .
G. L. Harrison.
40|
i6£
Yellowstone
British Museum.
4°i
i5i
20£
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
40
15
2li
British Columbia
J. W. R. Young.
39§
151
Colorado
St. George Littledale.
39i
161
24l
Montana
British Museum.
392
152
19
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
39i
14
214
Mexico .
R. O. Crewe Read.
38!
iS4
22
?
Gerald Buxton.
3§i
i6§
Bighorn Mountains .
Sir H. Seton-Karr.
3H
15*
I9i
Montana .
Edmund Littledale.
3H
16
19
N.W. Territories
S. Ratcliff.
38
17
Alberta, N.W.T. .
Arnold Pike.
38
18
21
?
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
371
i5l
23l
Mexico .
J. A. H. Drought.
37i
152
18
Do.
I. N. Dracopoli.
375
16J.
322
Californian Baja, Mexico
L. J. Cadbury.
37h
16
15
British Columbia
Col. A. Charlesworth.
37*
i5i
16
Do.
J. Turner-Turner.
37
i6i
Montana .
Major Maitland Kirwan.
37
i6g
16
British Columbia
R. H. Venables Kyrke.
37
1 Si
192
Wyoming
II . A. C. Darley.
37
152
i8£
Do.
Lord Rodney.
36|
19
15
British Columbia
C. H. Kennard.
361
15}
222
Wyoming
Earl of Lonsdale.
36!
Hi
22^
Do. .
A. Willis.
36!
16
15
Do. . . .
W. F. Wailes-Fairbairn.
36£
14
?
J. D. Cobbold.
362
15*
192
?
Capt. C. R. E. Radclyffe.
BIGHORN
39i
Length on
front curve.
Circum
ference
36i
I4l
36
15
36
Ml
36
I4l
351
1 si
351
13I
352
16
35*
iSi
35i
i6£
35i
16
? io£
Si
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
iS
British Columbia
9
Wyoming
1 6i
Montana .
16
Wyoming
20
Mexico .
i7i
British Columbia
21
Do.
1S1
Do.
17
Do.
12
Do.
13
Do.
Owner.
Capt. W. A. Armitage.
J. L. Scarlett.
R. H. Sawyer.
Major G. Dalrymple White.
R. F. Glyn.
Hon. S. Tollemache.
T. P. Kempson.
Sir Peter Walker, Bart.
L. Ardern.
G. C. Whitaker.
A. Neilson.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
44i
17
21
Near Golden, B.C. .
43s
i6|
'1S2
British Columbia
43
i8i
?
42i
i6J
251
Lower California
42^
i6|
i4i
Do.
422
i6i
25I
Do.
42
16
Do.
i7i
Wyoming
41!
172
19
Rocky Mountains
4i*
15
Kootenay, B.C.
4°i
i6i
17
S. E. of British Columbia
40
i5i
25*
Lower California
40
i6|
Do.
39i
i7«
Mexico . . ■ .
Madison Grant.
Wilson Potter.
H, E. Knobel.
American National Collection.
S. E. White.
G. H. Gould.
Capt. E. H. Funke.
T. W. H. Clarke.
N. J. Dinnen.
Provincial Museum, B.C.
American National Collection.
J. C. Phillips.
W. Kent.
G. L. Harrison.
Head of White Bighorn. Shot by Lieut. R. C. Dalglish, R.N.
392
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
B.
—WHITE
BIGHORN (0. canadensis dalli).
Length on
ront curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
47
I3l
28
Yukon
. Lieut. R. C. Dalglish, R.N
434
154
26
Alaska
His Majesty the King.
43}
Hi
271
Do. .
. H. B. Alexander.
43
I3k
27i
Do. .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
4i
14
23!
Do. .
. Hon. M. Egerton.
4o|
I2j
27*
Do. .
. F. T. Colby.
40
14
284
Do. .
. J. Todd.
39
13!
234
Yukon
S. R. Vereker.
3«i
I2|
2li
Alaska .
. P. B. Vander Byl.
38
i3i
18
Do. .
. A. E. Butter.
371
154
29h
Yukon .
. Surg. C. R. Rickard, R.N.
371
131
2li
Alaska .
Lord Elphinstone.
37
13!
20|
Do. .
Hon. J. C. Lister.
36J
i3i
Do. .
Sir A. Armstrong, Bart.
36i
13
l8
Do. .
. R. F. Glyn.
36
i4i
171
Do. .
C. G. Cowan.
36
I2i
l8
Do. .
. Capt. C. R. E. Radclyffe.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
49i
144
29!
Yukon
Major A. L. Snyder.
44i
Hi
344
Do. .
. Wilson Potter.
4i|
i4i
29
Do. .
American National Collection
41}
124
. 284
Do. .
. J. C. Phillips.
40i
i34
274
Do. .
H. Disston.
C— GREY BIGHORN (0. canadensis fannini).
A race characterised by the grey colour of the back.
Length on
"ront curve.
Circum
ference
424
14
-404
13
37
I3§
35!
14
3Si
13}
99
54
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
29}
Yukon .
Hon. M. Egerton.
20
Near Dawson C
ty •
Provincial Museum, B.C.
i8i
Yukon .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
24?
Do. .
W. H. Bell.
24}
?
K. K. Horn.
9ft
Do. .
Prince Colloredo Mannsfeld
- Owner's measurement;
BIGHORN
393
^K--' '"•
^1
J W v wfr
SB „Jr
y| *&*;
i ^^P~j»
Mi
Head of Black Bighorn. Shot by Major J. F. Church.
D.— BLACK BIGHORN (0. canadensis stonei).
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality. Owner.
42
Hi
28
Cassiar
. M. W. Ward.
41
14
28£
Do.
Viscount Lascelles.
40f
I3l
25
Do.
. Lord Hindlip.
40
15
24^
Do.
. C. H. Young.
40
14
Do.
. C. D. Butler.
40
I2|
2Il
Do.
. Major J. F. Church.
39i
I2l
275
Do.
. Col. H. Appleton.
39
i3i
22|
Do.
K. K. Horn.
39
37i
i4i
13I
23l
23
Do.
Do.
. Capt. The Hon. G. H. Douglas
Pennant.
. W. M. Tangye.
37i
13*
184
Do.
. R. Hayne.
36!
i4i
24
Do.
R. Beaumont.
36S
121
2li
Do.
. British Museum (J. M. Hanbury).
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
44
14
25
Cassiar
43i
I4i
30
Do.
43
14I
30
Do.
41I
14
29
Do.
3§i
13!
19
Do.
36
i3i
23i
Do.
Col. Max C. Fleischmann.
Wilson Potter.
J. C. Phillips.
C. F. Collins.
P. N. Graham.
Count C. Hoyos.
394
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Kamchatkan Bighorn. Shot by Prince E. Demidoff.
E.— KAMCHATKAN BIGHORN (0. canadensis nivicola).
Although the Kamchatkan wild sheep is readily distinguished
from the Rocky Mountain bighorn (0. canadensis typica) by the slender-
ness of the horns at the points, and their wider tip-to-tip measurement
as well as by the shorter, blunter, and more thickly haired ears, the
shorter face, the longer hair of the body, and the inferior size of the
white patch on the rump, yet the white Alaskan and the black bighorn,,
in which the horns are of the Kamchatkan type, and the ears are
shorter than in the Rocky Mountain race, tend to bridge over these
points of difference. These transitions indicate that all the bighorns
are essentially local modifications of the same animal ; the Asiatic
forms being, as might be expected, the most aberrant. Height at
shoulder, about 37 or 38 inches ; weight, about 250 lbs.
DistribiLtion. — Kamchatka.
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
39i
14^
m
Kamchatka
Prince E. Demidoff.
38|
14!
3°§
Do.
Do.
-38
131
26
Do.
. Dr. F. H. II. Guillemard,
351
i3i
24
Do.
P. Niedieck.
Owner's measurements.
BIGHORN
395
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
351
!4i
24l
Kamchatka
St. Petersburg Museum.
35i
35
I4l
I3l
243
24
Do.
Do.
British Museum (St. George Little
dale).
W. S. Race.
341
Ml
25i
Do.
. St. George Littledale.
34
131
23I
Do.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
33
I3l
22
Do.
. Capt. C. R. E. Radclyffe.
32f
»3i
23
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
?io|
5
144
Do.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
F. — CLIFTON'S BIGHORN (0. canadensis borealis).
An East Siberian race closely allied to the last, but of a generally
lighter colour, with a much larger and less well-defined white rump-
patch, more white on the face, a darker tail, and larger ears.
Distribution. — The Stanovoi Mountains, the range between the valleys
of the Yana and Lena, and other parts of Eastern Siberia. The
only known examples in England were shot by Mr. J. Talbot
Clifton, by whom a male was presented to the British Museum in
1902.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Loca
37*
II
22j
Yana Valley
33
13
22l
Do.
32|
\\\
24i
Do.
?5l
31
5i
Do.
Owner.
J. Talbot Clifton.
British Museum (J. Talbot
Clifton).
J. Talbot Clifton.
Do.
396 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
The ARGALI SHEEP (Ovis ammon).
In common with the following members of the genus Ovis, this
splendid sheep has the transverse wrinklings of the horns well developed,
and glands present on the face, with pits for their reception in the
skull. In the present species the horns of the adult rams are charac-
terised by their large size, massiveness, and the outward direction of
their tips. The hind-quarters often show a large amount of white,
extending on to the thighs ; and the throat may be furnished with a
voluminous ruff of long white hairs, which may or may not disappear
in summer. Height at shoulder reaching in some races to about
4 feet ; weight of adult male about 22 stone.
Regarding all forms of big Central Asiatic sheep, or argalis, as
races of a single species, they may be classified as follows : — (1) The
Tibetan race, Ovis ammon hodgsoni, of Tibet, with thick, massive horns,
which do not form more than one complete circle, and have a maximum
length of from 48^ inches to 57 inches, and a girth of from 17 inches
to 19 inches; (2) O. a. mongolica, of Mongolia, nearly allied to the
last; (3) O. a. typica, of the Altai, with the massive horns forming
more than a complete circle, rounded in front, approximated to the
sides of the face, and having a maximum length of from 59 inches
to 62 inches, and a girth of from 18 inches to 20 inches ; (4) 0. a.
storcki, of south-eastern Kamchatka, distinguished by its small size ;
(5) O. a. sairensis, from the Saiar Mountains, with small but relatively
massive horns, measuring from about 45^- inches to 47 inches in
length, and 14^ inches to 15^ inches in girth; (6) O. a. karelini, of
the Alatau, with a small rump-patch, and the horns more angulated in
front than in 0. a. typica, diverging more from the sides of the face,
and having a maximum length ranging from 45^ inches to 49^
inches, and a girth of about 16 inches ; (7) O. a. humei, of the Tien
Shan N.-W. of Kashgar, nearly allied to the preceding, but with a
larger rump-patch and other slight colour-differences, and outer angle
of horns often rounded ; (8) O. a. littledalei, of the Kulja district of
the Tien Shan, with a rufous (instead of grey) colouring and no rump-
patch, and long, thin horns, of which the maximum length ranges
from 55 inches to 58 inches, with a girth of 17 inches or a fraction
more ; (9) 0. a. nigrimontana, a small outlying race from the Karatau of
Bokhara, allied to littledalei ; (10) 0. a. poll, of the Pamir, in which the
horns are narrower and longer than in any of the other races, forming
much more than one complete circle, with the front surface markedly
angulated, and the maximum length ranging from 69 inches to 75
inches, and the girth from 14^ inches to 16 inches, or, rarely, 17 inches.
ARGALI
397
Although the gradation in horn-characters may not be absolutely
complete from the hodgsoni to the poli type, it is sufficiently well
marked to justify the view here taken of the mutual relationships of
these wild sheep.
It cannot be guaranteed that all the undermentioned specimens are
correctly classified.
Distribution. — The Highlands of Central Asia, from Bokhara
to Mongolia ; also Kamchatka.
Head of Tibetan Argali.
A— TIBETAN ARGALI (0. ammon hodgsoni).
Chiefly distinguished from the Siberian argali by the development
of a distinct white ruff on the throat of the males, which appears to
persist in summer, and also by the less degree of lateral expansion of
the horns, which do not form more than a single complete circle, are
not " nipped in " below the eyes, and generally broken at the tips.
The wrinkles on the horns are perhaps somewhat less prominent, and
the outer front angle is frequently well developed.
The height at the shoulder is apparently rather less than in the
typical argali. A ram shot by Lieut.-Col. Greenaway measured j6 inches
from the nose to the tip of the tail, and weighed about 2 1 2 lbs. In
another ram, whose age was estimated at 10 years, the height at the
398 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
shoulder was 43 inches, the girth 50 inches, and the weight 205 lbs.
(Major Powell-Cotton).
Distribution. — The plateau of Tibet, from Northern Ladak to the
districts north of Sikhim, and northwards to the Kuenluen ; eastern
limits unknown.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
57
i8|
29
Tibet .
Arnold Pike.
5oi
18J
19
Pangon
1 Lake .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
494
19
2li
Tibet .
. Capt. F. M. Bailey.
48
16
23
Rudok
. Major G. A. L. Carew.
48
\%\
20
Ladak
. Lieut. -Col. II. C. Morland.
48
18
31
Do.
. Lieut.-Col. Hon. A. Dalzell.
47i
i6|
24
Do.
K. C. Zarzhetsky.
47
17
27i
?
Col. H. Appleton.
46i
19!
20
Ladak
British Museum (Hume Collection)
46i
i6|
Do.
. Lieut.-Col. H. M. Biddulph.
46
16
17
?
Hon. R. A. Ward.
45i
16J
17
?
Duke of Teck.
45*
i7i
19
?
C. P. Radclyffe.
45i
i7i
i74
?
Capt. R. S. Kennedy.
45i
i8i
I9i
?
C. E. Bryant.
45
17
16
Ladak
. J. V. Phelps.
45
16
194
Do.
. P. F. Hadow.
45
17
22|
Do.
. Col. C. B. Wood.
44i
i7i
19
Do.
. W. A. Conduitt.
44i
17
22
?
Major F. G. T. Deshon.
44
16
i7i
Ladak
. Duke of Bedford.
44
16
174
Do.
. W. R. Lawrence.
44
17
181
Do.
. Major C. Mad. Ritchie.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
50
17
Tibet .
. Major W. H. Lane.
49i
18
Ladak
. Capt. G. W. S. Sherlock.
49i
18
Tibet
G. Burrard.
48J5
19
Do.
E. Howard Brooke.
48
i8|
Do.
. Col. T. K. E. Johnston.
47
i74
18
?
Lieut.-Col. G. W. Brazier-Creagh
464
i6i
21
Do.
. Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
46
19
?
Major C. S. Cumberland.
1 Picked up.
ARGALI
399
Head of Siberian Argali. Shot by Mr. J. H. Miller in the Altai.
B. — SIBERIAN ARGrALI (0. ammon typica).
A more or less distinct white patch on the rump, not extending on
to the thigh, which is dark-coloured like the back ; no ruff on the
throat, even in the long winter-coat. In summer the coat of old males,
which is very short, tends to become more or less light-coloured all
over. Height at shoulder, from about 45 inches to 4 feet ; weight, from
about 250 to 350 lbs. As in the Tibetan race, considerable individual
variation may be noticed in the horns, some having the outer front
angle much more developed than usual ; it does not appear that these
differences can be accounted for by age.
Distribution. — In former times apparently extending from the Baikal
Mountains to the Altai ; now chiefly restricted to the latter area.
Length on
ront curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
62|
19!
3§i
Altai
62j
i9i
4ii
Do.
62
19
381
Do.
6ii
20j
371
Do.
6ii
i9i
39i
Do.
Owner.
St. George Littledale.
Col. C. B. Wood.
H. T. Elwes.
J. II. Miller. (See illustration.
British Museum (St. George
Littledale).
4<oo
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
60
20
41
Altai
59*
21*
42i
Do.
59*
20
41*
Do.
59i
I9&
3H
Do.
-59*
*9h
40
Do.
59
18
36i
Do.
59
19
37*
Do.
56i
18I
33*
Do.
56
i8|
35
Do.
56
17I
33
Do.
55i
18$
36i
Do.
55
18
39
Do.
55
19!
34S
Do.
55
191-
39
Do.
54*
19
33
Do.
54i
18
332
Do.
53i
2l|
33*
Do.
53i
19
22
Do.
53
18
39
Do.
52I
195
39
Do.
52
21
3°*
Do.
-926
7i
23I
Do.
Locality.
- Owner's measurements
Owner.
Lord Elphinstone.
T. P. Miller.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
St. George Littledale.
American National Collection.
H. W. Seton-Karr.
Ford G. Barclay.
Major C. S. Cumberland.
British Museum.
E. W. Dixon.
Count E. Hoyos.
Prince E. Demidoff.
D. Carruthers.
Col. Max C. Fleischmann.
R. Hayne. "
Lord Osborne Beauclerk.
Duke of Bedford.
St. George Littledale.
W. E. Pease.
J. R. Bradley.
P. B. Vander Byl.
Berlin Museum.
ARGALI
401
Mongolian Argali (0. a. mongolica). Shot by Col. J. H. Abbot Anderson.
C— MONGOLIAN ARGALI (0. ammon mongolica).
Allied to the Tibetan race, having a distinct yellowish -white
throat- ruff, but apparently less massive horns, in which the outer
front angles may be much rounded off. The white on the buttocks
and hind surface of legs more abundant and purer in colour.
Distribution.
-Eastern Mongolia and Manchuria to the
Length on Circum-
front curve. ference.
5oi
49
47
44!
4i
41
iS
i6i
i6|
i6|
i7i
i7i
Tip to Tip.
29
25
25i
23
24i
north of Pekin.
Locality. Owner.
N. Shan-si, S. Manchuria Col. J. H. Abbot Anderson.
S. Mongolia . . H. Fowler.
Do. . . G. N. Atkinson.
Manchuria . . . H.R. H. Henri de Bourbon,
Comte de Bardi.
N. Shan-si . . Major Sir T. S. Tancred, Bart.
Do.
M. G. Brisker.
D. — SAIAR ARGALI (0. ammon sairensis).
This rather small sheep is in some respects intermediate between
poll and ammon, but differs from both in having the face brown
above and white on the muzzle. The horns are less finely ridged than
those of ammon and form a longer spiral.
Distribution. — The Saiar or Sair Mountains.
2 D
402
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
47i
isi
27
Saiar Mountains
-47
is*
30
Do.
246J
I4i
27
Irtish District
46
i3i
27!
Saiar Mountains
Mo
14I
29i
Nr. Saii-am Nor
Owner.
British Museum (St. George Little-
dale. Type).
American National Collection.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
J. C. Phillips.
Lord Elphinstone.
E.— ALATAU ARGALI (0. amnion karelini).
Rump-patch smaller than in next race ; horn characters mentioned
under head of species.
Distribution. — Typically the Alatau and adjacent parts of Altai.
igth on Circum- t- . t- t v. r\
lip to lip. Locality. Owner.
t curve. ference. ft- 3 ^
53 i6£ 33^ Alatau Mountains . J. H. Miller.
49i
45i
i6J
I4i
25h
34
Do. . Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Do. . Do.
F.— KASHGARIAN ARGALI (0. ammon humei).
General colour in winter greyish, with a ruff and large rump-patch
Distribution. — Tien Shan, north-west of Kashgar.
Owner,
irve. icicnuc. -
Length on
front curve
Tip to Tip. Locality.
40 N. -W. of Kashgar
British Museum (co-type ; Hume
Collection).
£.— LITTLED ALE'S ARGALI (0. ammon littledalei)
General colour in winter rufous, with a yellowish ruff but no rump-
patch.
Larger than sairensis, with the same brown forehead and white
muzzle, but the ears smaller and rather farther away from the horns,
and the latter less " nipped in " below the eyes than in the typical argali,
and showing more of their inner surfaces in a front view. This is
a " thin-horned " sheep.
Distribution. — Typically the east end of the Tien Shan, to the
south-east of Kulja, or Hi.
Owner's measurements.
1 Determination provisional.
ARGALI
403
Length on
ront curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality. Owner.
58
17
4I|
Tien Shan
A. Bayley-Worthington.
5S
i5i
4°i
Do.
. W. R. Read.
57i
55i
i7i
15
4i
45
Do.
Do.
. Major A. D. Greenhill
Gardyne.
Col. H. Appleton.
55*
i6|
35i
Do.
. Capt. J. N. Price Wood.
551
16
37
Do
Lieut. -Col. G. E. Pereira.
55
18
43
Do.
Col. H. Appleton.
55
16
44
Do.
. H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans.
55
16
43
Do.
Lord Osborne Beauclerk.
54i
i4l
36J
Do.
. T. P. Miller.
54i
16
34
Do.
. A. W. Berg.
53*
*5i
38
Do.
. . . C. H. Bury.
53^
17
4iJ
Do.
. B. Chew.
53i
isi
40*
Do.
. H. Whitaker.
52
15I
42|
Do.
. J. H. Miller.
51*
17
411
Do.
St. George Littledale.
5i
i6|
39
Do.
British Museum (St. George
Littledale. Type).
Bokharan Argali.
H.— BOKHARAN ARGALI (0. ammon nigrimontana).
The characters of this race are given under the heading of the species.
Distribution. — The Karatau (Black Mountain) of Bokhara, Russian
Length on Circum- T; T;
front curve. ference. r
351 I0i
Turkestan.
Locality.
Owner.
ioi
24
2l|
Bokhara
Do.
D. Carruthers. (See illustration. )
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
404
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and horns of Marco Polo's Argali. Sir Edmund G. Loder's specimen.
/.—PAMIR or MAECO POLO'S ARGALI (0. ammon poli).
Distribution. — The Pamir plateau, extending to Hunza. This argali
was first definitely made known in England by specimens obtained
during the Second Yarkand Mission under the late Sir D. Forsyth
during the years 1873 and 1874; since which date it has been
killed by Mr. St. George Littledale, Major C. S. Cumberland,
Col. H. Bower, Viscount de Poncins, and other sportsmen.
Length
on front
curve.
70i
70
70
69i
69!
68f
68i
68
67
661
66|
66
66
65*
Circum-
ference.
151
17
i5i
141
15
15
17
154
i5l
133
i5i
1 si
16
Tip to
Tip.
44l
45
52
56
39
5oi
351
43
42J
46
46i
44
42
53
Locality.
Yuldez
Do.
Do.
?
Tagdumbash
?
Pamir
p
Tagdumbash
Owner.
G. L. Harrison. (See illustration,
page 405.)
His Majesty The King.
H.H. the Maharaja of Cooch-
Behar.
Marquis of Lansdowne.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart. (See
illustration.)
H. J. Elwes.
Lewis Flower.
Lieut. -Gen. Sir R. Pole-Carew.
Duke of Westminster.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Valley between Little and British Museum (Hume Collection).
Great Pamir
Do. Do.
Great Pamir (16,000 feet)
A. Leslie Renton.
British Museum (the late Gen. Sir
T. E. Gordon).
ARGALI
405
Skull and horns of Ovis poll in the collection of Mr. George L. Harrison.
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Locality.
65
1 6|
494
?
644
i6i
46
Pamir . . . .
64*
161
4i
Do
64i
iSi
39
Do
64
i54
5o
Little Pamir
64
i5i
39
Do. . . .
64
15
49
3
631
i6J
424
Pamir .
63
I4l
32£
Do. .
63
16
494
Little Pamir
62!
i6J
51
Tagdu'mbash
621
15
57
Do. .
62
iS4
464
Do. ...
62
14*
434
Do. . . .
6i|
i5i
4H
Do. . . .
6o|
i5l
46I
Pamir . . . .
60
1 51
46I
Tagdumbash
60
154
46
Do. . . .
60
i5l
43
Do. . . .
59i
16
46
Do. . . .
59
154
40
Do.
59
i5l
4i
?
59
164
44i
?
Owner.
Col. C. F. Blane.
Major C. C. Ellis.
W. Lawrence.
H. C. V. Hunter.
Major R. P. Cobbold.
A. Ezra.
Duke of Portland.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Col. G. D. F. Sulivan.
Bachelors' Club (Major R. P.
Cobbold).
Capt. T. W. Greenfield.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
G. L. Harrison.
L. C. Sanford.
E. L. Phelps.
St. George Littledale.
Capt. T. W. Greenfield.
P. Church.
J. C. Phillips.
Capt. H. H. P. Deasy.
Lord-Curzon of Kedleston.
Martyn Kennard.
R. F. Glyn.
406
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Loc;
57f
i5l
47
Pamir
57*
i6i
48
?
57i
I4§
43i
?
57
I4l
4Si
Russian Pamir
57
i5i
42
Tagdumbash
56|
i5ft
35*
Do.
56i
i6|
49*
Do.
56
14
451
?
56
is*
43*
Pamir
56
14*
43
?
551
i6*
43
Pamir
55*
i6|
40
?
55*
i6J
46*
Pamir
54*
i6|
39*
Do.
54*
Hi
43*
Do.
53l
1 6i
44*
Do.
53*
I4l
38!
N. Pamir .
Owner.
H. M. von Archer.
J. Forbes Crombie.
Col. C. B. Wood.
Col. H. Appleton.
Hon. R. A. Ward.
St. George Littledale.
C. C. Tower.
Lieut. -Col. J. Manners Smith.
Col. A. H. Hussey.
W. O. Bell-Irving.
Major C. S. Cumberland.
P. Radclyffe.
P. F. Hadow.
H.R. H. Prince Pierre d'Orleans
and Braganza.
Major J. B. Mackintosh.
K. V. Painter.
R. Hayne.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
75
16
54*
Pamir
73
15
48
Little Pamir
7i
15*
53i
Great Pamir
68i
IS*
45S
Do.
68
16
52
?
671
16
53!
67
16
65
16
41
63
15
54i
?
61
15
48
Killik Pass, Gilgit
?4tV
5fV
15!
Great Pamir
Field-Marshal Earl Roberts.
The late Col. H. C. B. Tanner.
Viscount Edmond de Poncins.
Mess of the Queen's Own Corps of
Guides.
Indian Museum.
Indian Museum (Col. J. Biddulph).
H.H. the Maharaja of Travancore.
Dublin Museum.
R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
F. M. Hodgkins.
Viscount Edmond de Poncins.
URIAL
407
Head of Shapo or Ladak Urial.
The URIAL or SHAPO (Ovis vignei).
A much smaller sheep than most of the Asiatic argalis, with com-
paratively slender and well-wrinkled horns of considerable length,
which when fully developed curve forwards along the sides of the face ;
the males with a more or less developed mainly whitish ruff on the
throat. General colour varying from rufous brown to grey in summer,
with the chest, under-parts, and portions of the legs white, and some-
times blackish " points." Females with small horns. Height at
shoulder, about 32 inches; weight, about 120 lbs.
Distribution. — From Ladak and Zanskar to Russian Turkestan,
Transcaspia, Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Southern Persia, the North-
West Frontier of India, the Punjab Salt-Range, and Sind. Four
local races, two of which probably intergrade in the Indus valley,
are recognised : — The typical urin of Astor, the sha or shapo of
Ladak {0. vignei typicd) with much black in the ruff; the Afghan
urial (O. v. cycloceros) of Afghanistan, Baluchistan, and the Trans-
Indus districts, in which the points of the horns tend to turn up,
and the front angles may be knotted ; the Punjab urial (0. v.
punjabiensis) of the Cis- Indus Punjab, in which the size is less,
the colour redder, the ruff much developed, and the horns form
a close-coiled spiral ; the Kopet-Dagh urial (0. v. arkal) of the
Ust-Urz plateau and the Kopet-Dagh and Alag-Dagh, in which
the front of the horns is much flattened, with the two angles very
pronounced, and the ruff wholly white in front, the general colour
beingf rufous.
4o8
RECORDS OE BIG GAME
A.— SHAPO or LADAK UFJAL (0. vignei typica).
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
39
II|
151
331
I2i
Hi
3Sh
»i
H
Near Leh
36*
III
4±
Do.
36}
10I
Ilg
Baltistan
34!
II
33i
12
12
Ladak .
33
II
i7i
Do. .
33
ioi
15
Do. .
3*1
9i
J3i
Do. .
32i
10
11
Do. .
32
io|
13I
Chitral .
3If
iQi
14
Ladak .
31!
ioi
7
Do. .
3i*
10
15
Gilgit .
34
IO;j:
i3i
Do. .
31*
II
91
31
II
Do. .
31
Hi
12
Ladak .
3°h
Si
19
Gilgit .
3ol
9S
6i
Chitral
30
u|
16
3° :
10
10
Ladak .
2%
IO§
29h
«4
9
29i
ioi
13
Ladak .
Locality. Owner.
? Maj.-Gen. Sir H. S. Rawlinson, Bart.
? J. Carr Saunders.
E. L. Phelps.
British Museum (Hume Collection).
Major Sir T. A. Salt, Bart.
? East India Club.
Arnold Pike.
P. F. Hadow.
Major F. W. H. Walshe.
Capt. H. R. P. Dickson.
Capt. D. L. R. Lorimer.
Capt. B. A. R. Blewitt.
Capt. L. Trevor Goff.
Col. F. C. Lister- Kay.
Lieut. -Col. B. E. M. Gurdon.
Capt. B. II. Shaw-Stewart.
Major'F. W. Wormald.
J. D. Cobbold.
N. C. Cockburn.
Capt. K. Dingwall.
Capt. A. W. Robertson-Glasgow.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Lady Jenkins.
H. C. V. Hunter.
Col. C. B. Wood.
J. V. Phelps.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
36}
n|
Near Leh
36
10
13
Gilgit .
33s
"i
IOg
Ladak .
3i
hi
9
Chilas .
Lieut. -Col. A. E. Ward.
F. M. Hodgkins.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
URIAL
409
Urial Skull and Horns in the Mess of the S.W. Militia, Wana.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
4ii
12
39i
K>f
38S
91
37i
1 Pi
36S
9
35*
ioi
35i
IO|
35i
ioi
34*
ioi
34h
Si
33h
9g
33h
9l
322
91
^.—AFGHAN URIAL (0. vignei cycloceros).1
Owner.
The late Major G. Dodd.
Major F. H. Taylor.
Royal Artillery Mess, Woolwich
(Lieut. -Col. C. F. Massey).
British Museum (Hume Collection).
Mess of the 60th Rifles (Lord
Walter Fitzgerald).
British Museum (Dr. J. Aitchison).
Capt. A. G. Shea.
Major F. H. Taylor.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
L. Napier.
Major R. L. Tottenham.
Capt. J. F. Turner.
Capt. E. A. Fielden.
Tip to Tip
Locality.
1 Si
?
i8J
Waziristan
9i
11
Chita Oapar Range,
near Attock
Haji Khan, Kelat,
9
16
3000 ft.
Hills north - west of
Peshawur
Gulran, Afghanistan
12
S. Waziristan
94
Waziristan
11
Do. . . .
16
Sind . . . .
81
2
i5l
Waziristan
11
?
Length on
front curve.
Circum
ference
34i
91
34
9l
33h
9i
C— SALT RANGE URIAL (0. vignei punjabiensis).
Tip to Tip. Locality. Owner.
7i Kala Chitta Hills, Punjab Hon. H. G. O. Bridgeman.
4.5 Salt-Range . . . Capt. L. Trevor Goff.
12J Do. . . . British Museum (Hume Collection).
1 Blanford {Fauna Brit. India Mamm.) pointed out that the type of 0. cycloceros has heavier horns than
the Punjah Urial, hut does not seem to have been aware that it came from Afghanistan.
4io
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Urial. Shot by Col. H. V. Biggs, near Rawal Pindi.
mgtn on
nt curve.
L-ircum-
ference.
Tip to Ti
p. Locality.
Owner.
33i
9
i4i
Salt -Range
. Capt. R. Milne.
32s
9
121
Near Rawal Pindi .
Major E. G. de Labilliere.
32§
73
12
Punjab .
G. Blois Johnson.
32i
10
ill
?
British Museum (Hume Collection)
3ih
9h
i6f
Salt-Range .
Lieut. -Col. H. W. Codrington.
3i*
12
10}
?
Lieut. -Col. J. Manners Smith.
3i
9
I7l
Jhelam
Capt. W. F. Brayne.
3i
9l
Hh
Do. .
Lieut. -Col. R. H. Rattray.
D.— KOPET DAGH URIAL (0. vignei arkal).
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
45i
II
39*
12}
384
12
38
Hi
38
ioi
37 1
12
37
II
Tip to Tip. Locality.
164 N. Persia
14! Russian Turkestan
14J N. Persia
Persia .
Do. .
Hi
13
'7
Owner.
Capt. C. T. Daukes.
Prince E. Demidoff.
Capt. C. T. Daukes.
Lord Osborne Beauclerk.
Major P. M. Sykes.
IO*
Elburz Mountains, Persia Lieut. -Col. R. L. Kennion.
(north side)
North Persia . . A. Bayley-Worthington.
RED SHEEP
411
Length on Circum-
front curve, ference.
36S
36
34l
10
11
Tip to Tip. Locality.
\"]\ Persia .
15 Do.
12 Russian Turkestan
Owner.
Major J. W. Watson.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
St. George Littledale.
VARIOUS RACES— OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
39!
39s
10
9
?
Seistan, Persia
Mess of the 27th Punjabis (the late
Major G. Dodd).
Bombay Natural History Society.
38
371
. io|
8|
9
9
Waziristan
Do.
. Mess, S.W. Militia, Wana. The
late Capt. G. B. Brown. (See
illustration, page 409.)
R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
37i
9l
Near Rawal Pindi .
Col. H. V. Biggs. (See illustration,
36|
9l
51
?
page 410.)
Dr. Albert von Stephani.
36*
9h
14
Near Quetta
. F. Beaty.
35i
10I
20f
?
Mess of the 21st Punjab Infantry.
34i
ni
21
Gilgit .
. J. West.
The RED or GMELIN'S SHEEP (Ovis orientalis).
Apparently differs from all the preceding species by the absence
of horns in the females ; the horns of the males being not unlike
those of the urial, but usually curving backwards, so that their points
are situated behind the neck instead of beneath the eyes. General
colour of upper parts some shade of yellow or foxy red in summer ;
in winter, brownish with a whitish saddle-patch ; the under parts and
lower portions of the legs, as well as muzzle, white. A smaller throat-
fringe than in the urial, which is always black. Height at shoulder,
typically about 2 feet 9 inches.
Distribution. — Cyprus, Persia, Asia Minor, and Transcaucasia.
A.— CYPRIAN RACE (0. orientalis typica).
The typical race, distinguished by its small size, coloration, and
the complete rounding-off of the front outer angle of the horns of the
rams. This is the smallest of the wild sheep, standing only about 28
inches at the shoulder. Weight, about 70 lbs.
Distribution. — Troodos Mountains of Cyprus.
412
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Cyprian Mouflon.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Owner.
27
7i
8f
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
251
7%
73
J. A. Bucknill.
25
8
I5l
H. Williamson.
23h
84
"J
Col. J. Biddulph.
-23*
82
94
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
23
7
5^
British Museum.
22§
22|
7?
8
6
I2|
British Museum (Gen. Sir R,
Biddulph).
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
20^
7f
9S
Sir II. J. Goold Adams.
-i7i
8
i£
Dublin Museum.
16
7i
1 6i
Cambridge Museum.
- Owner's measurements.
B — AEMENIAN RACE (0. orientalis gmelini).
Distribution. — The mountains of /Armenia and other parts of Asia
Minor, and Transcaucasia. Heads from the Cilician Taurus
approach the Cyprian type and may indicate a distinct race.
Length on Circum-
outside curve, ference.
IOg
40.}
36.1
Tip to Tip.
51
Locality.
?
Owner.
British Museum (W. Burchart
Barker).
British Museum.
RED SHEEP
4i3
Armenian Mouflon. Shot by Mr. V. H. Thomas.
Length on
outside curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip
Locality-.
Owner.
3l!
9
161
Near Daghestan
R. Graham.
3°2
9
i7i
Cilician Taurus
. P. II. Thomas. (See illustration.)
-29I
9l
94
Axylon
E. N. Buxton.
28i
10
I4i
Asia Minor
R. P. Page.
27i
9*
21
W. Asia Minor
. T. Bowen Rees.
26i
9i
14
Asia Minor
. Col. C. M. Dobell.
26|
95
I2|
Do.
Capt. F. Blacker.
26^0
8i
121-
Cilician Taurus
. C. G. Danford.
24I
9l
16
Asia Minor
. II. 0. Whittall.
24i
9i
II|
Persian Frontier
Prince E. Demidoff.
244
9
i6§
W. Asia Minor
. C. G. R. Lee.
24
9l
17
Asia Minor
. Col. J. Biddulph.
24
9i
1 8|
Do.
. W. N. Williamson.
23
9l
1 44
Do.
. Capt. W. W. Pitt-Taylor.
C— PERSIAN RACE (0. orientalis erskinei).
In some instances the horns curve forward, when this sheep is
practically indistinguishable from an urial. If the two really inter-
grade, the name O. orientalis has priority over O. cycloceros.
Distribution. — South flank of the Elburz Mountains of Persia.
Length on Circum-
front curve. ference.
27^ IO
24f 94
24
94
Tip to Tip. Locality
14 Elburz Range
15!
(no beard)
i7i
(beard)
Owner.
Hon. W. Erskine.
S. slopes of the Elburz . Capt. the Hon. G. II. Douglas-
Pennant.
Do.
Do.
414
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Mouflon. Shot by Count Andrassy.
The MOUFLON (Ovis musimon).
The large light-coloured saddle on the otherwise dark winter-coat
of the rams and the form of the horns are so distinctive of the species
that nothing in the way of description need be attempted in this place.
The horns of rams normally curve forwards so as to have their tips
near the eyes, and are comparatively massive, with the wrinkles of a
type somewhat different from that obtaining in the red sheep.
Two races appear recognisable, in one of which the ewes are hornless,
while in the other they have short horns. Height at shoulder, about
27 inches.
Distribution. — At the present day the islands of Sardinia and Corsica.
Probably the race with hornless ewes is restricted to one of these
islands.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
3H
8
"i
Sardinia
Duke of Bedford.
34i
8|
i6§
Do.
. W. Moncreiffe.
33J2
9
9
Do.
lion. M. Egerton.
32i
9
9
Do.
C. Sloane-Stanley.
32
8i
144
Do.
American National Collection
3i
84
10
Do.
. C. G. R. Lee.
MOUFLON 415
Length on Circum
front curve. ference
344
9i
32|
9i
3ii
8i
29a
8|
29i
9xx,
27^
io£
27
Si
26
iof
ip to Tip. Locality. Owner.
30^ 8§ 14 Sardinia . . . Rhys Williams.
30^ ' 8J 10 Do. . . . Major B. H. Piercey.
29I 8 \?\ Do. . . C. Sloane-Stanley.
29I 8 ... Do. ... J. D. Cobbold.
29I 8| 11 Do. . . Hon. R. A. Ward.
28| 8| 21 Do. ... E. N. Buxton.
28f 9 10 Do. . . F. G. Barclay.
28^ 8f 91 Do. ... Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
28| 8f 7 Bohemia (introduced) J. Hamilton Leigh.
28^ 9§ 9g- Sardinia . . . Edinburgh Museum.
27^ 8| si Do- ... W. E. Pease.
27I 8| 9 Do. . . . Prince E. Demidoff.
27J 8| 6\ Do. . . Commander J. E. Cameron, R.N.
27§ 8J 6J Do. . . . Lieut. E. S. Fleetwood Nash,
R.N.
27 Sh 10 Do. . . . British Museum.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
l8f? Hungary (introduced) Count M. Andrassy.
Count G. Andrassy.
W. W'inans.
Count Erdody.
W. Winans.
J. H. Thomas.
W. Winans.
. Col. J. Marriott.
Austria
do.
ni
Bohemia
do.
ioi
Do.
do.
i3i?
Do.
do.
181?
Do.
do.
19?
Do.
do.
ioj?
Corsica
4i6 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
DOMESTICATED SHEEP (Ovis aries).
The history and ancestry of the various breeds of domesticated
sheep are lost in the mists of antiquity, and naturalists are unable to
point with certainty to the wild stock from which any or all of them
are derived. This is the more to be regretted, seeing that the Swedish
breed is the type of the genus Ovis. Most domesticated breeds differ
from wild sheep by the woolly nature of their coat ; but since hairy
tame sheep are met with in Africa and elsewhere, this point of
difference is of comparatively little importance. More weight has
been attached to the length of the tail, which may be longer than in the
ami ; but in some breeds like that of Soa, and also in the Himalayan
Barwal and Hunia sheep, this appendage is comparatively short, and
its length in other breeds is probably due to a kind of degeneration.
The ancestry of domesticated breeds may therefore be looked for
among the mouflons or urial or some allied extinct form, since the
horns of most breeds approximate to the mouflon-type. In many
breeds — Dorsetshire, for example — the females are horned ; and four, or
even five, horns occur in the males of certain breeds. Some eastern
sheep, like the Wallachian, have departed from the mouflon-type by the
development of upright corkscrew-horns comparable in form with those
of the markhor, but with the twist of the spiral in the opposite direction.
:ngth on
iide curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip
1 to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
45i
9
15
Scotland .
. J. A. H. Drought.
4i
10
21
Do.
. J. C. Lyell.
39i
8|
21
?
H. E. Surtees.
37
8i
20
Loch Awe, N.B.
H. Murray.
35i
8
i6f
?
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
35i
8i
24
Dorset
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
33
11
22^
Yarkand .
British Museum (Hume Collec-
tion).
23i
7i
32^
W. Kan-su
. H. F. Wallace.
43i
10
I4i:
Scotland
42 J;
8i
15
p
37
9i
14
Scotland .
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
R. Shoolbred.
J. C. Phillips.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Length on
aside curves.
Circum-
ference.
23 ...20§
6J...41
2ii...i7i
7i-5
2 1... 20
6|-.4i
20^...l6
6.. ,4|
I9I...I4
6i... 44
192 -Hi
8...5i
I91...I9
7-4l
19 ...184
9.. .6
Nlumber of
Horns.
Owner.
Six
J. G. Millais.
Four
Capt. H. II. Banner.
Do.
D. McDouall.
Do.
The late Sir H. B. Meux, Bart,
Do.
P. C. Millbank.
Do.
British Museum.
R. J. Cuninghame.
Four
Sir Basil S. Brooke, Bart.
DOMESTICATED SHEEP 417
Many-horned Breeds.
Tip to Tip.
29
35
25}
154
21. .16
27 -9k
9I...22
0,1 e 3
The following1 belong to the Wallachian breed : —
Girth. Tip to Tip. Owner.
8 40! British Museum.
7\ 19^ H.R.II. the Due d'Orleans.
7i 38 Do.
7\ 38I Hon. Walter Rothschild.
8^ 33^ Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
4I \7\ British Museum.
An artificial product from the Himalayan
Locality. Owner.
Nepal . . . Duke of Bedford.
Length on
the curve.
Length in a
straight line.
34!
243
33
171
32
24
28
19 J
235
21
9 I2§
\o\
Unicorn
Sheep.
Barwal breed
: —
Length on
curve.
Girth.
I9l
14
2 E
4iS
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Horns of Limpopo Buffalo from the Sabi Valley.
(In American National Collection ; shot by Mr. F. H. Barber.)
The AFRICAN BUFFALO (Bos [Bubalus] caffer).
Mbogo and Nyati, Swahili.
Nadi, in Barotsi and Ngami.
Nari, Basuto.
Beva, Hausa.
Gamus, Sudani.
Gadars, Gal la.
Inyati, Swazi and Zulu.
Mboa and Nyati, Chilala and Chibisa.
All African buffaloes may be regarded as referable to a single
species, of which the extreme forms are represented by the great
black Cape buffalo and the small red buffalo of the Congo ; B. c.
cottoni of the Semliki Forest, in which only adult bulls are black, being
one of the intermediate types. The number of races that have been
named is so large that they cannot be quoted here.
.4.— SOUTHERN RACES (B. caffer typicus, etc.).
Among the distinctive features of the typical race may be noted
the enormous helmet-like mass formed by the closely approximated
bases of the horns in old bulls, the backward inclination and com-
paratively slight angulation of the horns themselves, the shortness of
the face, and the great width and size of the heavily fringed and
flapping ears. In colour, both the skin and the sparse hairs with
which it is clothed are for the most part jetty black ; the hairs
themselves being directed uniformly backwards from the nape to the
rump. Height at shoulder, about 5 feet.
Distribution. — Southern and Eastern Africa. Except on the Zambesi,
Chobi, and some neighbouring rivers, buffaloes have now become
very scarce in South Africa ; but between Umtali and the east
coast at Beira, and also from the latter station to the mouth of
AFRICAN BUFFALO
419
the Zambesi, they are to be met with in vast herds, and a few
years ago existed in countless numbers. Here they are much
protected by the unhealthy nature of the country, which is deadly
to Europeans, except between the end of May and November.
Except a few protected herds in the Addo bush, the Knysna and
Zitzikamma forests, and thickets of the Fish and Sunday rivers,
the species has long since been exterminated in the Cape. The
Ankoli buffalo has been described as B. c. radcliffei, and is
characterised by the flattened and less rugged horns ; while the
name B. c. neumanni has been given to the buffalo of northern
Uganda, and B. c. athiensis to the B.E. African race. The Kivu
B. c. mathezvsi of the Albert Edward Nyanza district is a smaller
horned animal, with a white tail-tip, related to the Sudani race.
Ankoli Buffalo. Shot by F. A. Knowles in Uganda.
(greatest width.
Outside. Inside.
Length
on front
curve.
Tip to
Tip.
Width ot
palm
measured on
face of horn.
Locality.
Owner.
52^
5ii
47
47
39:1
"1
II
Uganda .
East Africa
Her Majesty Queen Alexandra
(Shot by F. A. Knowles.)
S. J. Pearson.
5oi
464-
43i
IO
Do.
G. N. Crisford.
50
451
37
Il|
Do.
Col. Max. C. Fleischmann.
50
45*
40-I
II
Bechuanaland
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
49l
47
45i
II
East Africa
H. A. Penton.
49l
443
J>22
I Of
Do.
Major H. W. Stevens.
49i
45i
4oi
9:i
Do.
Maharaja of Datia.
49§
47i
48i
IOi
Do.
R. Holmes.
491
44l
35i
III
N.W. Rhodesia
Major P. J. Bailey.
420
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Greatest width. Length rT.
on front TjP to
Outside. Inside. curve. "'
Width of
Palm, Locality,
measured on J
face of horn.
Owner.
49
451
46i
9i
East Africa .
R. G. C. Napier.
49
49
46i
44*
47
40*
1 of
Hi
Lomagundi's
Country.
Limpopo
E. T. Palmer.
Sir Richard Glyn, Bart.
48|
43 4i 32
IOj
East Africa
E. C. Gepp.
48|
44
35*
92
Chiromo, B.C.A.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
48
43
36
12
East Africa
E. B. Home.
48
44!
39
9
Rhodesia
C. Grey.
471
42*
31*
ni
East Africa
S. S. Bagge.
472
43!
42
9*
Do. ■ .
F. Santos Saurez.
471
44i
4oi
1 of
Do.
Sir J. Hume Campbell, Bart.
47*
43*
34i 39*
10
Do.
H.R.H. Prince William of
Sweden.
47*
42
371
11*
Ngamiland
Mervyn G. Williams.
47*
423
36*
I2±
Natal
Capt. J. C. Phillips.
47i
422
42
IO
East Africa
Capt. H. A. Case.
47
4°5
12*
Do.
Sir F. J. Jackson.
47
42*
35*
"*
Do.
H. G. Barclay.
47
42i
38
ioi
Do.
Duke of Alba.
46|
42*
3if
9l
Do.
Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
46|
411
36*
11
Do.
Duchess d'Aosta.
46I
41*
35
7*
Do.
Col. G. Gimlette.
46i
42i
38*
9i
Do.
A. F. C. Hartley.
464
42*
3i*
10}
Do.
Marquis de la Scala.
46*
41*
33i
8*
Do.
Hon. Mrs. Blyth.
46i
42J
4ii
10
Do.
I. N. Dracopoli.
46i
43
42*
ioi
Do.
Baron M. de Rothschild.
46^
42*
39±
ioi
Do.
S. E. Milsom.
46
4°2
36
IO
Do.
Lord Hindlip.
451
41
27f
S
Pungwe .
Sir Abe Bailey.
451
4i*
37*
South Africa .
British Museum.
45!
42*
44i
92
East Africa
F. C. Stern.
451
40J
3iS
11
Do.
Capt. F. W. Barrett.
45*
41*
32I
102
Do.
H. S. L. Scott.
45*
40
27S
1 1
Do.
Capt. D. H. Macdonell.
45*
41
34l
IO
Nyasaland
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
45*.
4o£
3"i
II
N.W. Rhodesia
Hon. Guy Wilson.
45*
40
29*
9
East Africa
Capt. T. H. Rivers Bulkeley.
45*
42S
431
9i
Do.
H. Sampson.
45i
41*
371
10
Do.
Major S. Belfield.
45*
41
3°1
92
Do.
M. Seth-Smith.
451
40I
32|
9
Tana Valley .
Major H. De Pree.
451
4ii
37*
British Museum.
45
39*
33
10
East Africa
Capt. G. Wynne Finch.
45
44
10
Do.
H. S. Keating.
45
41*
342
io|
?
H. de la Pasture.
45
44
10J
East Africa
H. H. Williams.
45
41
32
9*
N.W. Rhodesia
Lieut. -Col. Frank Lee.
45
39i
29
"1
East Africa
Capt. R. Clenim.
45
39*
26
"1
Do.
L. L. Biddle.
45
4of
3ii
IO
Do.
P. F. Hadow.
AFRICAN BUFFALO
421
Width of
Greatest
Outside.
width. Length T.
on front ^
Inside. curve. r
vv lain 01
palm
measured on
face of horn.
Locality.
Owner.
445
4O5
36|
9
East Africa
Capt. P. Chapman.
44!
39l
27i
H
Uganda .
G. Blaine.
44i
39l
27i
ni
East Africa
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
44i
4i|
39i
iii
N.W. Rhodesia
G. de P. Colvile.
44l
39*
2A\
9?
Do.
O. C. Bevan.
44?
4O3
3H
"i
Ngamiland
F. T. Garbutt.
443
39?
29
12
Pungwe .
F. S. Staples.
44*
38|
29
. 9*
East Africa
H.R.H. the Duke of Con
naught.
44*
39i
29
i5
Chobi Valley .
F. C. Selous.
44i
40
38 ..
ioj
East Africa
D. Davies.
44i
39i
33?
io|
N.W. Rhodesia
J. H. Leche.
44i
37h
12
East Africa
F. Charrington.
44*
40
39?
11
Do.
Dr. A. E. Herz.
44i
41
384
10
N.W. Rhodesia
R. Beaumont.
44
39
27S
11
Do.
Capt. H. E. Hambro.
44
39i
36
9i
N.E. Rhodesia
W. A. Conduitt.
44
41
39i
ioi
B.C.Africa .
Dr. J. 0. Shircore.
?43i
4o|
29
6i
East Africa
N. C. Cockburn.
?42*
38£
32
5
N.E. Rhodesia
J. Turner.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
54§
1 64
German E. Africa
E. von Sick.
5i
47
40
11
Uganda .
Major H. W. A. Christie.
5i
47
39
I4i
East Africa .
H. B. Kittermaster.
48I
. .^.
35f
UpperZambesi
F. W. Walker.
4S£
43
3°5
n£
Sabi Valley
American National Collection
(See illustration, p. 418.)
48
44l
ni
East Africa
R. O. Roberts.
47
3*
12
Zitzi Forest, S.
Africa.
Capt. E. H. Studdy.
4&i
\°\
39
12
N.E. Rhodesia
O. Letcher.
46
35
N.W. Rhodesia
C. S. Mann.
As will be seen from the illustrations, the greatest width scarcely conveys a correct idea of all specimens.
Horns of Bechuana Buffalo. Sir Edmund G. Loder's Specimen.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Sudani Buffalo.
B.— NORTHERN RACES (B. caffer sequinoctialis, etc.).
The Sudani race is a smaller animal than the Cape buffalo (height
at shoulder, about 4 feet), with the general colour blackish or tawny
brown, tinged locally with rufous, and tending to greyish on the legs.
Horns smaller, much more flattened at the bases, where they are more
widely separated, and in some, although not all, cases retreating less
markedly behind the plane of the eyes. The Sudani race was originally
described on the evidence of a skull from East Central Africa, but also
occurs on the White Nile. The name B. c. asracensis has been applied
to the buffalo of the Bahr-el-Azrek, a tributary of the Blue Nile, on
the southern frontier of Abyssinia. Its horns are described as being
more like those of the Cape race.
Greatest width.
Outside. Inside.
Tip to
Tip.
Width of
palm.
Locality.
Owner.
44
42i
43
H
White Nile
. P. Niedieck.
4ii
37i
343
s>.
Mongala
. E. M. Sinauer.
40
39
39
10
White Nile
. Lieut.-Col. J. W. Yardley.
40
37i
38s
8*
Kordofan
. Capt. C. C. Maud.
40
37
32
"i
Abyssinia
. E. Lort- Phillips.
39^
39i
35i
35 V
27i!
34
9
S!,
Sudan
White Nile
Capt. F. L. Livingstone-Lear
month.
. Capt. A. H. Vivian.
AFRICAN BUFFALO
423
Greatest width.
Outside. Inside.
Tip to
Tip.
Width of
palm.
Locality.
39
36
33i
IO
White Nile
38S
33
25i
12
Do.
384
35i
3oi
84
Do.
38*
34*
324
7 ,
Do.
3§i
34s
32i
82
Do.
38J
34
23i
10
Do.
38
34
33
Do.
38
344
28|
7'i
Do.
38
34
29
8
Do.
37S
0,1
JJ2
26^
10
Do.
37i
34i
111
JJ4
8|
Lado
37k
34
1-.1
JJ4
94
White Nile
37i
33
2Si
9
Do.
37
34i
35i
ioi
Bahr-el-Ghazal
37
324
23s
91
White Nile
36§
324
26
8J
Sudan
36*
321
26^
8
Do.
364
33
304
94
Do.
36*
3if
29
9
Do.
3°1
32l
324
74
Do.
3&i
32
29i
9
Do.
36i
32
22g
84
White Nile
36
32*
29
94
Do.
36
32
94
p
351
32
304
9
Sudan
351
T>1
J J 2
35
74
Do.
354
3If
28^
81
White Nile
35i
32
28j|
8
Lado
354
325
3i*
7t
White Nile
?354
32
25i
5
Dinder Valley .
35i
31*
29I
81
Blue Nile
35i
30§
2I|
93
Do.
35i
30
l81
84
Do.
35
32
3i*
8f
Do.
Owner.
W. F. Wailes-Fairbairn.
Douglas McDouall.
H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught.
Major P. M. Dove.
R. McD. Hawker.
Capt. R. F. Balfour.
F. W. Greswolde-Williams. •
G. H. Cheetham.
Major H. D. Pearson.
Capt. C. E. Hills.
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
P. Santos Saurez.
Capt. W. E. Reymes-Cole.
G. Blaine.
Lord Desborough.
Capt. A. Craufurd.
P. M. Tottenham.
Col. A. Colville.
Capt. the Hon. M. P.
Macnaghten.
Countess of Sefton.
C. C. Tower.
H. E. Allen.
J. V. Colby.
British Museum.
R. A. Colvin.
G. C. Whitaker.
E. N. Buxton.
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
S. H. Whitbread.
C. D. Eyre.
Capt. N. A. Orr-Ewing.
Capt. H. R. Headlam.
Lieut. -Col. J. Ponsonby.
Norman B. Smith.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
43 1
37^
28I
11
Nimuli .
F. A. Knowles.
39!
34'
3o4
84
Sobat .
. E. M. Tabor.
38S
35'
35^
91
White Nile
Sir W. Garstin.
424
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Congo (?) Dwarf Buffalo.
C— SHORT-HORNED RACES (B. caffer brachyceros, B. c. planiceros,
B. c. nanus, etc.).
Bona, Hausa.
Despite the differences in size, colour, and the form of the horns
between the dwarf red buffalo of the Congo (B. c. nanus) and its gigantic
black cousin of the Cape, such a gradual transition can be traced from
the one type to the other, that both are evidently nothing more than
local modifications of one variable species. In the dwarf buffalo of
the Congo the colour of the hair is red or yellow, the ears are fringed
with very long hair, and the horns are much flattened at the base, with
long smooth tips directed upwards. This type may be traced, with
some modifications, to the Gabun. In Ashanti it is replaced by the
red B. c. beddingtoni. In Gambia and Senegambia there is a larger
brownish buffalo, with more laterally expanded and recurved horns
known as B. c. planiceros. In the south Nigerian B. c. hunti cows and
young bulls are dun. In the Kwilu district of the Congo occurs a
dark-coloured race (B. c. simpsoni,) typified by a female head in
the British Museum. Another type is the Lake Chad buffalo
(B. c. brachyceros), first discovered by the early explorers Denham and
Clapperton. In height the Congo dwarf buffalo only reaches some
42 inches at the shoulder. Weight, 579 lbs. clean.
AFRICAN BUFFALO
425
Length on
outside curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to T
p. Locality.
Owner.
28
20
20
Senegambia
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
27a
20|
I2f
Gold Coast
Capt. C. H. Armitage.
26i
19
18
N. Nigeria
Capt. J. C. Parker.
26J
i9i
7
Do.
Capt. H. V. Venables Kyrke.
26
i8f
22|
Do.
G. C. W. King.
26
22^
20
French Congo .
C. S. Mann.
25|
i7l
174
S. Nigeria
W. D. Downes.
25i
i8|
15
N. Nigeria
F. Cogan.
25i
20J
12
S. Nigeria
Lieut. A. W. Hunt, R.N.
25
i7i
Portuguese Guinea
M. V. Hay.
24I
19
74
Sierra Leone
Capt. W. B. Stanley.
24I
233
I4i
N. Nigeria
Capt. 0. M. Harris.
24I
2I|
26
Do.
H. de C. Mathews.
24i
i8|
15
Do.
J. C. Sciortino.
24
i5i
7
Do.
Capt. L. M. Bucknill.
24
i9i
17
Do.
Capt. G. C. Kelly.
24
i8|
134
Nepoko Valley, Congo R. de la Huerta.
23-2
23i
12
Do.
Duke of Peneranda.
235
-15
10
Gold Coast
Major G. S. C. Jenkinson.
235
20
i6i
Do.
Capt. G. W. Dawes.
23
19
204
N. Nigeria
R. M. Blackwood.
23
1 6i
8i
Nigeria
Sir Abe Bailey.
22|
1 6i
12
Ashanti
C. Beddington.
22f
I7S
20j
N. Nigeria
H. S. Berkeley.
22|
17
14
Gold Coast
Capt. T. W. C. Carthew.
22^
1 6i
i8J
Nigeria
Major-Gen. P. S. Wilkinson.
22^
21
I2|
N. Nigeria
C. S. Burnett.
22
14
15
Congo
Capt. II. M. Stephenson.
22
191
9i
Do.
J. Seally Bell.
2I|
I7i
9\
Near Kumasi
The late Dr. W. H. Langley
2ll
15
8
Gold Cdast
Capt. G. H. Hastings.
2lJ
I2|
2i
West Africa
British Museum.
21
i~7l
i4i
Portuguese Guinea
C. S. Burnett.
21
15
9i
Nigeria
A. Ohlsson.
21
174
1 61
Do.
Major J. F. Loder-Symonds.
?2I
1 1
16
N. Nigeria
G. J. Letham.
426
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
outside curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip. Locality.
9 20j
II
6|
Nigeria .
ZO\
17
17I
Senegambia
2O5
i6i
10
Nigeria .
?20i
I3i
Hi
Do. .
20i
15
11
Benue Valley .
20i
Hi
6h
N. Nigeria
io\
20
Hi
S. Nigeria
20\
i$i
12
Do.
20j
i7i
16
Sierra Leone .
20
iS
I2i
S. Nigeria
19!
14
13
Sierra Leone .
19
10
Lake Chad
i8|
ni
-.1
Nigeria .
i8|
16
8i
?
i8i
12
65
Gambia .
i8|
17
15
N. Nigeria
i8i
17
Si
Do.
i8i
ni
p5
XJ4
Senegambia
?i8i
IOj
"3
Do. .
i8i
174
4l
Congo
$i8£
IO|
5i
Lake Chad District .
Owner.
W. D. Barker.
G. Fenwick-Owen.
Major D. F. MacCarthy Morrogh.
R. M. Blackwood.
Capt. E. J. Wolseley.
A. B. Harcourt.
C. Bowyer-Smijth.
Capt. R. M. Heron.
Capt. J. F. Bill.
Capt. W. V. Nugent.
Capt. E. J. Carter.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
W. H. Broun.
A. W. Boddy.
H. C. Goddard.
Major J. B. Cockburn.
J. F. Pett.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
G. Fenwick-Owen.
Col. J. J. Harrison.
British Museum (Capt. Denham, R.N.
and Col. Clapperton).
26S
22|
21^
17
26^
I4J
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
N. Nigeria . . H. G. Glenay.
Sierra Leone
Capt. H. A. Carter.
The following specimens from the French Congo may belong to
B. coffer brachyceros :■ —
Shot by the late Prince P. Demidoff.
Length.
Girth.
T
p to Tip.
28
24v
I3S
26
21.1
i8i
25i
25
21 J.
?22|
16
i6i
INDIAN BUFFAIO
427
Head of Indian Buffalo. Shot by the late Maharaja of Cooch Behar.
The. INDIAN BUFFALO or ARNA (Bos [Bubalus] bubalis).
No one is the least likely to confuse this animal with the African
species. Both belong, indeed, to the same group of the genus Bos,
and have the same rounded upper portion of the head and angulated
horns. In the Indian species, however, the head is much longer, the
ears are narrower and less heavily haired, and the horns of the male
are widely separated on the forehead and totally different in form.
Two types of horns may be recognised — one very massive, and curving
regularly up from each side of the head in a subcircular manner ; the
other more slender, directed for the greater part of their length
almost straight out from the head, and always with a wider spread.
The first is the typical race (B. bubalis typicus), while the second, or
Assam, race (probably now extinct) is B. bubalis macroceros. A third
race from Assam has been named B. b. fulvus, and is distinguished by
the concave profile of the skull and its dun colour. Height at shoulder,
about 6 feet 2 inches ; girth behind shoulder, 1 o feet 8 inches. In
a bull shot by the late Maharaja of Cooch Behar the length from the
nose to the tip of the tail was 14 feet 2 inches, and to the base of
the tail 1 1 feet ; the maximum girth being 1 o feet 8 inches, and the
weight of the head, when cut off, 158 lbs.
428
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Distribution. — Typically India, where the range includes the plains of
the Bramaputra and Ganges from the eastern end of Assam to
Tirhut, and the Terai as far west as Rohilcund, the plains near the
coast in Midnapore and Orissa, and also the plains in the Eastern
Central Provinces as far south as the Godaveri and Pranhita rivers.
Buffaloes also occur in Ceylon, as well as in the Malay and Indo-
Chinese countries ; but whether any of the latter are truly wild is
uncertain. In a domesticated state, South Europe, Egypt, etc.
Native name of male, arna ; of female, ami.
Length
on Circum- Tip to Widest Widest
outside ference. Tip. inside, outside.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
771
17*
?
British Museum (Sloane Col-
70
\%\
60
67|
72
Near Dubri, Assam
lection).
J. H. Whitehouse.
65I
62
20\
17
IOI
Do.
Do.
British Museum (Col. J.
Mathie).
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
96ig
1 51
22i
45i
Cooch Behar .
H.H. the Maharaja of Cooch
Behar.
9 6i^
16
22
48
Assam .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
60
22
64
72
Central Provinces .
Major B. Vincent.
60
20
40
52
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
9 6o
«3i
57*
62|
671
Assam .
Capt. L. P. Haviland.
9 591
16
48
57
63i
Do.
J. C. Phillips.
59
23
34
49
561
Do.
T. H. Monteath.
57S
171
55i
65
7ii
Central Provinces .
J. May.
57
1 81
4i*
60
Do.
Col. G. D. F. Sulivan.
57
15
49
52
Assam .
A. H. Straker.
9 57
14I
53
61
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
56i
9 56
2I|
194-
40
33s
52f
50*
Assam .
Cooch Behar .
British Museum (Hume Col-
lection).
H.H. the Maharaja of Cooch
Behar.
56
i7h
62
61I
644
Bengal
G. Monteath.
56
i8|
108
Assam .
H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans.
55i
i8i
29
44
?
J. Carr Saunders.
55
22
55 i
62
66
Central Provinces .
L. T. Harris.
54i
18J
38i
48I
?
British Museum (Hume Collec-
tion).
9 54i
I2|
69!
70
Assam .
Do.
54i
I9l
24I
4o£
49
?
Stockholm Museum.
INDIAN BUFFAIO
429
Length
on
outside
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Widest
outside.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
544
19
50
59
64
?
Viscount Powerscourt.
54
i8i
34
474
543
Cambodia
H.R.H. the Due de Mont-
JS3i
23
30
42*
Cooch Behar .
pensier.
H.H. the Maharaja of Cooch
(6 ft. 2^ ins. at shoulder)
Behar.
53
19
36i
483
56
?
Col. H. Lysons.
52
20
«i
414
49i
Central Provinces .
Earl of Sefton.
5i|
l8A
22
38i
Assam .
Sir Peter Walker, Bart.
Si*
18
38
5o
56
Central Provinces .
Hon. J. Best.
5ii
19
43
52¥
60 \
Do.
Capt. A. McB. Woodside.
5i§
I9l
451
50
Do.
Major P. H. G. Powell-
Cotton.
5ol
22
341
444
5oi
Cooch Behar .
The late Sir Henry D. Tich-
borne, Bart.
5°f
i8|
544
6oi
65
Patna
Brig. -Gen. F. H. Whitby.
50!
191
344
463
54
Central Provinces .
H. Tyler.
504
I9i
23I
42|
494
Do.
H. H. Cripps.
5°
20
34i
47
534
Cochin China
D. Dickson.
5°
i8|
48i
60
Central Provinces .
Major C. F. Pinney.
50
13*
33
384
Assam .
Noel Fenwick.
50
17
3i|
5o
Do. . .
Col. D. M. Lumsden.
50
»9i
364
46
524
Do. .
A. Ezra.
49l
i9i
331
48
55i
Central Provinces .
Countess of Sefton.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
71
?7o4
214
18
343
60
64
78
Near Dubri, Assam
Do.
Measured by the late A. O.
Hume ; shot by A. Forbes.
The late Sir A. Campbell-Orde.
674
Do.
Major H. Gidney.
?64i
18
424
60
96
Do.
J. Campbell of Kilberry.
594
184
54
6ii
Eastern Bengal
R.E. Mess, Roorkee.
594
15
53
59
?
Sir Savile Crossley, Bart.
?574
57
1 51
18
954
964
Cooch Behar .
Central Provinces .
H.H. the Maharaja of Cooch
Behar.
J. D. Inverarity.
56
18
294
574
?
J. Whitaker.
1 Measured round outside curves across skull, 9 ft. nj- ins. Another pair, 10 ft. 5 ins. ;
circumference of horn at base, 21 inches.
43°
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
The following specimens are, with one exception, from Ceylon
Length circum- Tip to Widest Widest
: ference. Tip. inside, outside.
Locality.
Owner.
curve.
* *^.
40
i5i
24
35-4
42
Ceylon
F. T. Wright.
?37i
9l
42*
47
50*
Do.
M. J. Alderson.
35
133
iS
3°i
37s
Do.
Marquis of Stafford.
34i
i5i
25i
35
Do.
Earl Cairns.
?33i
9
314
37
Do.
Do.
33i
13
r-l
38
43
Do.
Major F. H. N. Pym
3i|
16
28
M
Do.
Marquis Camden.
3ii
i5i
27
34
38
Do.
P. Niedieck.
3ii
29
16
134
2Si
47i
JJ4
37
South Australia
(introduced)
Ceylon
H. L. Heber Percy.
K. J. F. Bickersteth.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
35
i4*
39i
42
M\
Ceylc
928
9l
i8£
26
3i*
Do.
9 27i
9i
15
25
295
Do.
H.R.H. Prince George of
Bavaria.
H. M. von Archer.
IT.R.H. Prince Pedro d'Orleans
and Braganza.
ANOA 431
Head of Anoa.
The ANOA (Bos [Bubalus] depressicornis).
The smallest wild member of the ox tribe, characterised by its
straight, upright horns, and the frequent presence of white spots on the
sides of the head or elsewhere. Although so different in the form
of the head and horns from the adult Indian buffalo, the anoa is in
these respects much more like the young of the latter ; and the two
are connected to a considerable extent by the tamarau, or Philippine
buffalo {Bos mindorensis) of the island of Mindoro. As in all the
Oriental buffaloes, the hair of the fore-part of the back is directed
forwards in the anoa. Height at shoulder, about 3 feet 3 inches.
Two races are recognised.
Distribution. — The island of Celebes.
Length
on front
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Owner.
I2§
6
6*
British Museum.
I2j
6
5*
G. A. Wright.
ioi
64
7
Carl Hagenbeck.
IO
6
5^
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
IO
51
5§
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
15I 7£ i\ Paris Museum.
13 J 9! 5 Jesuit College, Manila.
of 5I 7^ Dr. Albert von Stephani.
91 Sh, $h Dublin Museum.
1 Measured by the late Rear-Admiral R. A. J. Montgomerie.
432 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of European Bison. Shot by H.H. the Prince of Monaco.
The BISON (Bos [Bison] bonasus).
The great elevation of the fore-quarters, the mass of long hair
clothing the head, shoulders, and fore part of the body, together with
the peculiar form of the head and horns, the latter of which are
cylindrical, serve at once to distinguish bison from the other members
of the ox tribe. There is also a difference in the number of ribs
between the bison and the more typical oxen, the number in the
former being 14 pairs, against 1 3 in the latter. In the European
species the mass of hair on the fore-quarters is not so long as in its
American cousin, the form of the skull is different, and the hind-quarters
do not fall away nearly to the same extent. Some differences may be
noted between Caucasian and Lithuanian specimens, which are now
referred to separate races. Height at shoulder, 6 feet 1 or 2 inches.
In a Caucasian bull killed by Mr. Littledale, the length from the nose
to the root of the tail measured 10 feet 1 inch, the height at the
shoulder, 5 feet 1 1 inches, and the approximate girth of the body,
8 feet 4 inches. Weight (Mr. W. Winans), 2001 lbs.
Distribution. — At the present day restricted to the Caucasus and the
forest of Bielowitzka in Lithuania ; the herds in the latter district
existing in a protected state. The name aurochs, commonly mis-
applied to the bison, belongs to the extinct wild ox of Europe.
The Caucasian race is named B. b. caucasius.
BISON
433
Length
on outside
curve.
20
18
i7h
i7i
i6|
i6f
? 16
9iSi
14
913
Circum- Tip to
ference. Tip.
12
ril
A-3
12$
10
i3i
I2i
8i
8
20
i3l
16
18$
17
18I
12
6
26^
9l
Widest
inside.
i9i
20
24i
21$
14
Locality.
Pilawin Game
Park
Lithuania .
Caucasus
Lithuania
Do.
?
Woburn
Do.
Lithuania
Woburn
Caucasus
Owner.
W. Winans.
British Museum (H.I.M. the
Tzar Alexander).
St. George Littledale.
Major Algernon Heber-Percy.
Prince of Monaco.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
G. L. Harrison.
Royal Scottish Museum.
Major Algernon Heber-Percy.
Royal Scottish Museum.
St. George Littledale.
i»i
1 of
i7l
13*
IS*
I2|
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
17 J 20 f Lithuania .
13! 20TV Do. .
21 J ... Do. . . Imperial Museum, Vienna,
The late Prince Henry of
Liechtenstein.
Do.
2 F
434
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Record American Bison. Shot by Lord Rendlesham.
The AMERICAN BISON (Bos [Bison] bison).
Some of the points distinguishing this species from the European
bison have been mentioned under the head of the latter, but it may be
added that in the typical race of the former the horns are shorter,
thicker, blunter, and more sharply curved. In the skull of the American
animal the sockets of the eyes have a more tubular form. Height at
shoulder, about 5 feet 9 inches; weight, from 15 to 20 cwt. ; an adult
bull weighed by W. T. Hornaday scaled 2100 lbs.
Distribution. — The greater portion of Western North America, ascend-
ing to the Great Slave Lake, and descending to New Mexico and
Texas ; now nearly exterminated. American writers recognise two
races — the prairie-bison {B. bison typicus), and the larger wood-bison
{B. bison athabasco?) of the forest highlands of the North- West.
L!n.?.t:h,.. Circum-
ference.
on outside
curve
20f
i6§
15
I2§
12
13*
"i
Hi
Tip to
Tip.
21
iof
24
Widest
inside
spread.
Locality.
30! Wyoming .
2$h Wyoming
1 7h
Owner.
Lord Rendlesham.
H.R.H. the Duke of Saxe-
Coburg and Gotha.
H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans.
Viscount Powerscourt.
British Museum.
Bighorn Mts., Wyoming Earl of Lonsdale.
AMERICAN BISON
435
Length
on outside
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside
spread.
Locality.
Owner.
1 i6i
I2j
I9l
Colorado
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
i6i
131
Hi
?
Duke of Portland.
i6i
J3
22§
Wyoming .
Prince Nicolas Ghika.
2i6J
iSi
25S
Colorado
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
i5l
14
27f
N.W. Territory .
E. G. Jenkins.
iSl
Hi
I9|
Wyoming .
St. George Littledale.
IS*
1 of
i5i
Do.
Abel Chapman.
14
»3
21*
Do.
G. L. Harrison.
2o£
i6i
331
19
121
i8|
15
27i
1 84
iS
25
18
14
i7i
I2|
17
14
174
i6|
1*4
20§
i6|
13
194
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
? W. II. Root.
W. Montana . . P. Liebinger.
? American National Collection.
Wyoming . . . P. N. Graham.
Montana . . . F. Sauter.
S.W. Montana . . Theodore Roosevelt.
Yellowstone, Montana Count E. Hoyos.
Wyoming . . . Dr. Albert von Stephani.
Nebraska . . . Imperial Museum, Vienna.
1 Wood Bison. 2 Prairie.
436
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Wild Yak. From a specimen in the British Museum,
presented by the late Mr. A. O. Hume.
The YAK (Bos [Poephagus] grunniens).
The plateau of Tibet is remarkable for the number of its peculiar
mammals, among which is the yak. Apparently its nearest relatives
are the bisons, but the yak has not the great elevation of the withers
in comparison with the hind-quarters so distinctive of the latter, and
the long hair forms a fringe on each side of the flanks, shoulders, and
thighs, as well as a tuft on the chest, while the tail is clothed with a
huge mass of similar long hair, forming, when cut off and mounted, the
well-known " chowries." Yak-horns are much larger than those of
living bison, and have a totally different curvature ; while there are
also important differences in the skull. Height at shoulder, from about
4 feet 10 inches to at least 5^- feet; girth behind shoulder, 9 feet \\
inches ; length from between horns to base of tail, 8 feet ^ inch ;
YAK
437
tail, 3 feet 2^- inches ; from between horns to nose, 1 foot 3A inches
(Lieut-Col. H. M. Biddulph). Weight, about 1140 lbs. Wild yak are
uniformly blackish brown in colour, any trace of white indicating
domestication, and probably cross-breeding.
Distribution. — The plateau of Tibet, part of the Kan-su province of
China and North-eastern Ladak, at elevations between about 14,000
and 20,000 feet. The grunting cry from which the animal
takes its name is peculiar to the domesticated breeds.
Length on
outside curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
3§i
17
19
Kuenlun Mts.
British Museum (Hume Collec-
tion).
35*
15
16
?
E. L. Phelps.
35i
I44
17
Tibet .
St. George Littledale.
34
12
3oi
Ladak
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
0^2
Hi
174
Tibet .
. P. F. Hadow.
32h
16
25
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
32i
14
Hi
Do.
Capt. R. Longstaff.
32
I3s
154
Do.
. H. C. V. Hunter.
32
Hi
9
Do.
. I. Morse.
32
16
17
Do.
. P. Church.
32
i5l
2l|
Do.
Capt. D. L. R. Lorimer.
3ii
iS4
i5f
Do.
G. L. Harrison.
3ii
iSi
174
Chinese Tibet
. Capt. J. A. Stewart Balmain.
3ii
1 Si
13
Do.
Lieut. -Col. II. W. Codrington.
3ii
Hi
i6|
Do.
Major Sir E. F. Coates.
314
1 Si
i"8i
Do.
. Lieut.-Col. H. M. Biddulph.
31
14
Do.
. Col. F. C. Lister-Kay.
31
i3i
14
Ladak
. Arnold Pike.
31
i6£
i7l
Kumaon
E. R. Neave.
31
Hi
i6J
Tibet .
. Hon. J. D. Boyle.
3°l
15
20
Do.
. R. S. H. Walford.
30S
16
22^
Do.
. C. F. M. Pike.
3o|
i3l
ioi
Ladak
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
?3°f
13
20
Do.
. Major L. Oldfield.
?3°
"i
45i
Tibet .
Duke of Bedford.
438
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
outside curve.
SO
30
Circum-
ference.
Hi
14!
Tip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
19!
?
Major Sir W. R. Codrington
30
?
J. C. Phillips.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
40
18
Kuenlun Mts.
. A. D. Carey.
39
?
Lucknow Museum.
3§i
33
l8J
16
26i
18
Kuenlun Mts.
N.W. Tibet
British Museum. (Hume Coll<
tion ; shot by late A. Dalgleis
. Capt. S. H. Charrington.
5za
134
19
Tibet
Capt. B. H. Shaw-Stewart.
32I
14
171
Chang Chenmo .
. Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
311
I4l
i8|
Do.
Do.
GAUR
439
Head of Indian Gaur.
The GAUR or INDIAN BISON (Bos [Bibos] gaurus).
This splendid wild ox, the so-called bison of Anglo-Indian sports-
men, is the typical representative of a group of Oriental species nearly
related to the domesticated ox, but presenting certain well-marked
points of difference. Among these may be noted the shorter head and
tail, the frequently elliptical section of the horns, and, above all, the
presence of a more or less distinct ridge running from the withers to
the middle of the back, where it terminates in a sudden step. In the
gaur this ridge is strongly developed, and in the typical race the
summit of the forehead forms a high arch between the horns, which
bends forward to form a concave profile. With the exception of the
white " stockings " common to all the members of the group, the colour
of the gaur is uniform ; but the much-flattened horns are of a peculiar
yellowish-green tint at the base. The height of adult bulls at the
shoulder usually varies from about 6 feet to 6 feet 4 inches, though
44o RECORDS OF BIG GAME
specimens of more than 5 feet 5 or 6 inches are not often killed ; it is,
however, stated that a Nilgiri bull stood 6 feet 10 inches, while Kachar
and Burmese bulls have been asserted to reach 7 feet at the withers.
Distribution. — The forest hill-tracts of Peninsular India, Assam, Burma,
Siam, and the Malay Peninsula, as well as the forests along the outer
Himalaya as far west as Nepal. South of the Ganges, where it
has not been exterminated, the gaur inhabits suitable districts in
Chutia Nagpur, Orissa, the Northern Circars, Central Provinces,
Hyderabad territories, and all the Western Ghats. The Burmese
race, or pyun {B. g. readei), is nearly black, with a throat-tuft ;
and in the Malay race, or saladang (B. g. hubbacki), the arch on the
crown of the skull is less developed, and may be absent.
A.— WILD RACES.
Widest
outside.
Circum-
ference
at base.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Length on
outside
curve of
longer
horn.
Locality.
Owner.
44i
20
42
4ii
23i
Eastern Bengal
Capt. L. P. Haviland.
44i
21
29i
. 3«i
33i
Burma
J. McF. Petters.
43i
171
34
39
3o2
Parambikolam .
G. Elliot Browning.
43
43
42i
20
1 H
3i
32*
25
38
33?
32
29J
33i
Cooch Behar
Coimbatore, S.
India
Travancore
H.H. the Maharaja of Cooch
Behar.
P. Church.
Capt. T. W. Greenfield.
42i
19I
3i
35S
3ii
Madras
Col. T. J. R. Lucas.
42
18
34i
371
29I
Central Province.'
; Hon. H. G. O. Bridgeman.
414
16
30
29
Assam
A. J. Walter.
4*1
i9i
261
36
31
Mysore
Capt. C. P. Graham.
4a
20
325
36i
30
?
J. F. Bryant.
41
41
18
i7i
24
2Sh
35
31!
Madura District
Central Provinces
Bethnal Green Museum
(J. D. Goldingham).
W. J. Considine.
41
20
34h
36^
27
Siam
J. H. Thurston.
41
4°£
19I
20
37
25
27I
34i
Kalkerry, S.
India
Vardi Mullay .
Col. W. E. Fairholme.
Baron von Massow.
40
19I
28!
34i
3i
Travancore
A. Lampard.
40
19}
26
34i
32
Burma
A. E. English.
40
17
3ii
34
27I
E. Madras
W. 0. Home.
40
is
334
26
Central Provinces
; C. F. Egerton.
39l
I8J
34i
35*
26£
?
R. McD. Hawker.
GAUR
441
Widest
outside.
Circum-
ference
at base.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Length on
outside
curve of
longer
horn.
Locality.
Owner.
39*
20
25i
-.-.1
33a
31
Anamalais
C. W. Wood.
39i
39i
17
20^
3oi
3i
34i
33*
2S|
272
?
?
Major F. C. Samborne-
Palmer.
Capt. E. W. Thompson.
392
l8J
22
32i
332
?
A. M. Leake.
-iC3
JS5
I71
251
32I
3°
?
A. H. Sharp.
3§i
171
28*
33a
27I.
Cooch B.ehar .
H. R. Beaumont.
38
18
22^
33
3I|
Madras
S. Cox.
38
l8
23i
32
29
Burma
H. E. Beamish.
38
19
18
3i
34i
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
38
I9i
24
3i*
3i
?
Rev. H. C. B. Stone.
3/8
i7i
3°f
32
24J
?
Capt. A. C. H. Trevor.
37i
20|
33
33i
25
Burma
Capt. T. A. Headlam.
37i
i'7i
27i
32S
25l
?
G. Sandeman.
37ir
18
19
3H
3i
?
Colonel Baillie.
37i
18}
26J
3if
28
Central Provinces
J. C. T. Fairweather.
2>ll
37
20
17*
25
3il
3ii
33
29
24
Chutia Nagpur
District
?
Lieut. -Col. J. W. Yardley.
Duke of Sutherland.
36i
2Il
22^
29S
28
Pahang
J. Scott Mason.
36*
174
17
28
Mysore
Col. G. H. Evans.
36i
16
18
3i
3*1
?
W. Evetts.
36i
i8i
26|
26|
?
Lieut. -Col. R. H. Fraser.
36i
i8i
20|
29I
29i
Marutha .
J. G. Heyder.
36i
i8|
24l
3o|
27!
Malay States .
G. Hemmant.
36
174
23i
29i
28
S. India .
Capt. C. S. Timins.
36
21J
3ii
24!
Malay States
H. E. Stewart.
?3i
Ml
20|
26^
24I
?
Capt. E. H. Wildblood.
¥27
i3i
13
22
24
N. Travancore .
British Museum (Hume
Collection).
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
20
4o|
Belgaum .
H. Murray.
46
20|
33
40
Malay States .
H. Da. Prah.
454
i7i
36
39!
33i
N. Travancore .
G. E. Bewley.
44
2075
23
40
Wynaad .
F. Ditmas.
43S
18
33
38
3i
Burma
G. H. Bell.
432
til
28|
Travancore
H.H. the Maharaja of
Travancore.
442
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
'idest
itside.
Circum-
ference
at base.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
43
20*
i8|
43
17
3of
42§
1 81
34i
42£
i6|
J25
42
22
29i
4^
i7
39i
20^
28
3S*
20
23s
32
jength on
outside
curve of
longer
horn.
Locality.
39i
Salwin, Burm
291
?
3°i
Pegu, Burma
?
Madras
33
Burma
27i
Duars
S. Madras
Owner.
Bombay Natural History
Society's Museum.
K. J. K. Juntke.
Capt. W. F. Brayne.
W. B. Drury.
C. W. G. Morris.
S. E. F. Jenkins.
E. T. Partridge.
Capt. S. H. Charrington.
N.B. — In the following specimens the maximum width is inside
measurement.
Widest
inside.
Circum-
ference
at base.
Tip to
Tip.
Length on
outside
curve of
longer
horn.
Locality.
39
1 7|
28^
29i
Siam
37*
i8J
22
3°*
Travancore
36
17
26*
27J
Assam
36
15
26*
26
Central Provinces
35
I7i
20*
27i
Tezpore, Assam
35
18
23
26
Burma
34l
18
22J
28
Assam
34*
18
23^
33l
Cooch Behar .
34
i8i
20*
27i
Travancore
34
1 51
24I
24i
?
34
19
27
24
Burma
33l
18
23I
25
Kanara
33i
18
151
28£
Travancore
ll\
15
22
23
Assam
32!
i7i
32*
27s
Central Provinces
32!
1 8i
23I
26
Do.
32^
19
161
26
Do.
32i
m
2lf
3i'i
Travancore
922
io£
I4l
22
?
Owner.
A. Waley.
A. T. Mackenzie.
L. Truninger.
Major John Fuller.
A. Y. Thomson.
Capt. S. L. Robinson.
Hon. S. Tollemache.
H.H. the Maharaja of Cooch
Behar.
Lieut. -Col. the Hon. E. Baring.
Major H. De Pree.
W. F. Loftus-Tottenham.
Lieut. -Col. G. J. Fitzgerald.
Capt. H. L. Cottingham.
Col. E. T. Paul.
Major C. S. Cumberland.
Major G. de H. Smith.
Major C. F. Pinney.
British Museum (Hume
Collection).
Major H. De Pree.
u
^ =1
o a
.fci
-c £
o pq
(35
t: u o
.3
in
as
V >\ &
a
ON
ON
<
M o
hH
<
S
u. C
o <u
■5 fs
i
CI
<
^"3 til
^
N
N
a
fit g
M
X
5 '3
h
H <a
w
rt d.
K
™ S
_bp.G
c
ro
m
>H
ON
o
pq
wl
■a
.J3
cs
P
63
a
K~
4 12
rt
en
|1
w
£
c
H
v ■
w
Horns,
ip to Ti
round
outer
H
One horn
round
outer
curves.
u
443
444
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull and Horns of Gayal. From a specimen bequeathed to the British Museum
by the late Mr. A. O. Hume.
^.-DOMESTICATED BREED or GAYAL.
The gayal is a rather smaller animal than the wild gaur, nearly-
black in colour, with a large dewlap, and a straight line between the bases
of the massive horns, which are but little divergent, curved upwards,
nearly cylindrical in section, and of dark colour. The head is short,
with the forehead broad and fiat. It is a domesticated breed of the gaur,
probably derived from the Malay and Tenasserim race of the latter.
Distribution. — Kept in a semi-domesticated condition by many of the
hill-tribes of Assam, Chittagong, etc.
Length on
outside curve.
Circum-
ference.
T
ip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
i7i
17
41
?
British Museum.
15
"1
26§
?
Do.
Hh.
134
28
Tenasserim
British Museum (I
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
22|
12
42
Assam
16
Hi
' 3°2
Mishmi
14
14
E. C. Stuart Baker.
Bombay Natural History Society.
Indian Museum.
THE BANTIN OR TSAINE 445
Head of Tsaine or Burmese Bantin. From a specimen shot by
Maj.-Gen. H. D'U. Keary.
The BANTIN or TSAINE (Bos [Bibos] sondaicus).
This member of the gaur group departs somewhat less widely from
the normal type of cattle than does the gaur, the ridge on the withers
being less developed, and the horns almost cylindrical. The cows are
always reddish coloured, although the bulls may be black, and in the
latter sex at least there is typically a large white patch on the rump.
Very distinctive of the species is the presence of a horny shield on
the crown of the head connecting the bases of the horns. Height at
shoulder, about 5 feet 9 inches. The humped cattle of India are
probably domesticated derivatives of the bantin.
Distribution. — Burma, the Malay Peninsula, Siam, Borneo, Java, Bali,
and perhaps Sumatra. Several distinct races of the bantin are
distinguishable. First, the true bantin, or Java ox \B. sondaicus
typicus), from Java, and perhaps some of the other Malay islands
and the Peninsula. In this race the old bulls become of a deep
blackish -brown colour. The same tint is characteristic of the
adult male Bornean bantin {B. sondaicus lowi), but the horns are
directed more uprightly. A third race is the tsaine (B. sondaicus
birmanicus), which inhabits Burma, and may extend northwards to
Manipur. Old bulls generally retain the fawn-colour of the cows
446
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
throughout life, showing more or less of grey on the head, but it is
stated that very old individuals are occasionally nearly black. The
Siamese tsaine, which, in at least some individuals, is profusely
speckled with white, has been named B. s. porteri. Another race
is represented by the Cochin China tsaine, of which the general
colour is orange.
Length on
outside
curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Widest
outside.
Locality.
Owner.
34*
«3
21
32*
361
Cochin China .
. H.R.H. the Due de
Montpensier.
3i4
i6i
21*
3ii
36}
Upper Burma .
H. W. James.
30
i6i
24*
32
Do.
. Capt. H. W. Marsden.
29
13
24I
33?
371
Do.
Capt. W. R. Savage.
29
16
28
34l
Burma
. H. L. P. Walsh.
28^
171
281
34
Do.
W. O. Hannyngton.
28I
I6S
40I
40|
Do.
Capt. T. A. Headlam.
28
15
19S
29*
35
Do.
Capt. L. E. Burne.
27I
Mi
19*
3°*
35
Do.
Capt. J. M. Stewart.
27J
15
34*
381
42!
Do.
. Maj.-Gen.H.D'U.Keary.
(See illustration, p. 445).
27
Ml
20£
28i
Upper Burma .
. British Museum (R.McD.
Hawker).
27
i7f
24f
32|
Do.
. J. McF. Petters.
27
i6|
23l
29I
34i
Do.
P. Grace.
26^
i6£
2I|
28
Java
Sir Edmund G. Loder,
Bart.
26 1-
Mi
24*
32
Lower Burma .
S. F. Hopwood.
26i
16
22
30*
35*
Do.
T. Norman.
26
i6|
32
35
39S
Burma
. Major C. P. Gunter.
25S
i6§
20j
26!
Siam
. H. C. V. Hunter.
251
I7l
13
24
Burma
Major C. S. Cumberland.
25
15
22§
28
325
Java
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
24*
16
21*
28^
33
* Do.
Capt. L. P. Haviland.
24i
Ml
22
28
32i
Do.
. M. Maxwell.
24
16
25
30
33*
?
E. V. Ellis.
23f
M
2lJ
11
26^
Java
British Museum.
23
i6|
30
29I
Do. .
. C. W. A. Buma.
?23
I2i
i6£
25
Upper Burma .
. R. McD. Hawker.
?22£
13*
i5l
23
Java
. C. W. A. Buma.
22
Mi
11*
20J
24*
Borneo .
. H. P. Perry.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS
331
17
264
35
Upper Burma .
. Lieut. -Col. H. S.Wood.
3°*
i5i
271
36
Do.
S. E. F. Jenkins.
3°
17
Java
Indian Museum.
3°
15*
20
38*
Burma
Bombay Natural History
Society.
29
151
24
33
Do. ...
. J. P. Cook.
28*
174
3°*
36
Do.
Lieut. -Col. G. H. Evans.
28£
15
264
36|
Do.
II. Van Son.
27*
18
29*
40*
Do.
. J. E. F. Marshall.
27*
15
23*
32§
37*
Do.
. Capt. C. H. Elliot.
27i
Ml
24i
33i
37M
Do.
Capt. W. F. Brayne.
24
16!
24
28f
Borneo .
P. C. Brackenbury.
DOMESTICATED CATTLE
447
Skull and Horns of Lake Chad Ox. Presented to the British Museum by Capt. A. C. Aubin.
DOMESTICATED CATTLE (Bos taurus and B. indicus).
The ordinary domesticated cattle of Europe, such as the Spanish
fighting bull, the Kerry, Pembroke, Highland, and Jersey breeds, are the
descendants of the primitive wild ox, or aurochs (a name frequently
misapplied to the bison) of Europe and North Africa {Bos taurus
primigenius), now completely extinct in the wild state, although it
survived in Poland till the sixteenth century. On the other hand,
some of the large light-coloured cattle of Southern Europe, such as the
draught-oxen of Northern Spain, and the cattle of Italy, Greece, and
Hungary, appear to be derived from the zebu, although some have been
crossed with North European cattle. Their horns are unlike those of
the aurochs. The zebu or humped cattle of India and the Galla
and other large-horned cattle of Africa evidently represent a distinct
species {Bos indicus), probably descended from the bantin. To the
same species belong the Ankoli cattle of Uganda and the ancient
Egyptian long-horned breed, as well as the trek oxen of the Cape, in
all of which the hump is obsolete.
Length on
outside curve.
Circum-
ference.
Tip to Tip.
Widest
inside.
Locality.
Owner.
8ii
i§i
I032
Ngamiland .
The late W.
C. Oswell.
_?
17
IOO
124
- Owner's
Do.
measurements.
A. Ohlsson.
448
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on Circum-
outside curve, ference.
57
57
564
56
52*
5°
4»S
47
42|
4i|
4il
41*
4°i
39*
-381
38*
37l
3il
3i
3°s
29s
24*
171
17
19*
17*
25*
iS
i6|
i5l
23I
14
27
14*
«i
15
I2|
10*
12
IQj
18
I2i
11*
8|
io§
Tip to Tip.
72
82
76*
101
40
93
67
21*
22*
52f
45*
6o§
51*
53l
543
60
23!
32*
35
iSi
30*
Widest
inside.
Locality.
South Africa
Bechuanaland
South Africa .
Ngamiland
Bahr-el-Ghazal
Natal .
German
E. Africa
Gallaland
Borneo
(N. W. Africa).
Madagascar .
N. Nigeria .
Ankoli .
Vienna (Polish
Bull)
Uganda
Hungary
Italy .
Cape of Good
Hope
Gallaland
Nigeria
Spain .
Gambia
Mysore
Buenos Aires
(Niata Breed)
- Owner's measurements.
Owner.
W. A. Simpson Hinchliffe.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
R. A. Cooper.
British Museum.
British Museum (Capt. F. W.
Woodward).
British Museum (Col. H. W.
Feilden).
Berlin Museum.
British Museum (Sir H. Salt).
British Museum (Capt. Clapper-
ton, R.N., and Col. Denham).
Bethnal Green Museum.
British Museum (Capt. A. C.
Aubin). (See illustration,
page 447.)
British Museum.
Do.
C. Craig.
Dr. Albert von Stephani.
Bethnal Green Museum.
British Museum.
A. E. Butter.
P. M. Dwyer.
British Museum.
British Museum (13th Earl of
Derby).
British Museum.
British Museum (G. Claraz).
The following specimens belong to British white park-cattle, which,
although now half wild, are the descendants of domesticated breeds,
probably nearly allied to the Pembroke : —
Length on Circum- „■■ ry,-
ifcirlf rnrvp ffrpnrf t'
outside curve. ference.
18*
9*
18*
7
18*
IO§
?i8£
7
iSi
91
15
7*
348
20
10*
i7i
20?
Widest
inside.
i5l
i84
Locality.
Chartley Park
Do.
Chillingham
Park
Do.
Do.
Chartley Park
Owner.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Major James Grant.
British Museum (Earl of
Tankerville).
Do.
British Museum (Duke of
Hamilton).
Capt. G. W. Hill, R.N.
HIPPOPOTAMUS 449
The HIPPOPOTAMUS (Hippopotamus amphibius).
Gumari, Abyssinian. Robi, Galla. Jzr, Somali.
Ikubu, Basuto. Dprina, Hausa. Kiboko, Swahili.
Zee-koe, Boer. Macozv, Masai. fmvubu, Swazi.
Mourvu, Chilala. Tumunto, M'Kua. Moubu, Waganda.
Dul, Danakil. Girinti, Sudanese. Chivhubwe, Chila.
Such a familiar animal as the uncouth and unwieldy hippopotamus
— the largest member of the swine group — requires but little in the
way of description here. It is distinguished from the pigs and wart-
hogs by the broad and rounded muzzle — so unlike the disc-shaped
snout of the latter — and consequently typifies a family by itself. The
tusks and molars are likewise of a totally different and distinctive
type ; while the feet have four sub -equal toes with symmetrical,
rounded nails. In all its organisation the hippopotamus is beautifully
adapted for a semi-aquatic life ; the eyes and nostrils forming the
highest points of the head, and thus allowing it to come up and breathe
with the least possible exposure of its body. The weight of a full-
grown bull hippo is at least three tons, and the total length about 14 ft.
Height at shoulder, about 3 ft. 10 ins. Hippos are chiefly hunted
for the sake of their hides, which are manufactured into sjamboks, or
raw-hide whips. Their tusks also have a certain commercial value,
although not so great as formerly, when they were employed for
artificial teeth.
Distribution. — Formerly this animal frequented most of the rivers of
Africa south of the Sahara, but it has long since been exterminated
from the lower reaches of the Nile, and is daily becoming scarcer
in the South African rivers. In the Zambesi, where it is less easily
attacked than in the smaller rivers of Mashonaland, it is still
abundant, as it also is in the Chobi and neighbouring rivers, as
well as in Lake Ngami ; and even in the lower reaches of the
Orange River a few are still to be met with. North of the
Zambesi these animals occur in great numbers.
Lower Curved Tusks, or Canines.
Weight. Locality. Owner.
E. Africa . . . Sir F. J. Jackson.
B.E.Africa . . . Dr. G. A. Macdonald.
1 Malformed.
Length round
outside curve.
Circum-
ference.
64!
7i
^44
61
2 G
45°
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length round
outside curve.
Circum-
ference.
Weight.
Locality.
Owner.
4i£
81
S.E. Africa .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
14I
8
Tana River, East Africa .
J. Benett Stanford.
237i
8i
Shire River
Capt. A. T. Hunt, R.N.
35
34l
9
9i
8 lbs.
7 4 11
J- Sudan . . . .
Capt. J. A. Pollock.
33
9i
N.W. Rhodesia
K. C. North.
32
94
Lualaba, Central Africa .
S. L. Hinde.
-)T3
3l4=
6|
B.C. Africa .
F. W. Bowman.
3I|
1 of
?
The late Sir Clement Hill.
3I|
9*
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
3*i
9
?
E. L. Fletcher.
31
10
N.E. Rhodesia
G. M. E. Leyer.
30I
9i
Abyssinia
D. P. MacGillivray.
30I
7!
Sierra Leone .
Major G. S. McLaughlin.
30
9
Shire River
Surgeon J. Dowson, R.N.
3°
9
Zambesia
E. W. Tompson.
3°
9
British Central Africa
R. M. Irwin.
28|
8J
Gold Coast
H. J. Hobbs.
3 22
91
N. Nigeria
F. B. Shafto.
x5i
2 38
3°i
29i
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
S.E. Africa . . .J. Lamont.
Nyasaland
Lower Zambesi
N. Nigeria
Major P. W. Forbes.
H. M. von Archer.
Capt. C. F. Watson.
2\\
20§
194
19
i8i
6|
7h
7h
71
Lower Straight Tusks, or Incisors.
Abyssinia . . . D. P. MacGillivray.
Lower Zambesi . . Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
. Capt. J. A. Pollock.
3f lbs-\ Sudan
Nigeria .
N.W. Rhodesia
Major J. A. Burdon.
K. C. North.
1 Malformed.
2 Malformed and protruding from jaw.
3 Protruding from gum.
PIGMY HIPPOPOTAMUS
451
Young Pigmy Hippopotamus.
PIGMY HIPPOPOTAMUS (Hippopotamus [Chceropotamus] liberiensis).
The pigmy hippopotamus of Liberia and the adjacent parts of the
West Coast, measures only about 6 feet in length, and has habits
approaching those of a pig. It also differs from the typical species by
having, as a, rule, only one pair of incisor teeth between the tusks, in
place of two pairs, as well as in the relative size of the head and the
conformation of the limbs.
Measurements of a specimen shot near Salon, on the Mauwa River,
about 2 miles from the Liberian frontier : —
Length from nose to tip of tail
Height at withers ....
Girth behind shoulders
Weight about ....
Curved tusks measured 3-| and 3-§ ins. (projecting
from skull) ; girth
7%\ ins.
37 ins.
56 ins.
600 lbs.
3f ins.
Skull measurements of a Liberian specimen in the Tring Museum
Length
Width
Weight
Tusks.
Total length.
Girth.
Locality.
Owner.
13^ ins.
7% ins.
5 lbs.
(Skarcies River, ]
Karene District, J- Capt. E. J. Carter.
Sierra Leone j
45:
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Wild Boar.
The WILD BOAR (Sus scrofa).
The European wild boar is a large coarse-haired species usually
with an under-coat of woolly fur, no warts on the face, and standing
from about 33 to $6 inches at the shoulder. It often lacks the crest
or mane of long black bristles running from the nape down the back
in its Indian cousin. Hungarian and Russian wild swine represent a
race (S. scrofa attild) distinguished by its large size ; and several other
local races have been named.
A Spanish boar killed by H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans weighed 302 lbs.
Distribution. — Europe, North Africa, and South-Western
and Central Asia.
Tusks.
Length on
outside curve.
Right. Left.
Length of
tusk out
of gum.
Locality.
13
Albania
12
Do. .
9l
Andalucia .
9l
Asia Minor
J9i
Caucasus .
9}
Do.
9
Albania
8
24
Russia
Owner.
Lord Brackley.
Lord Carnegie.
H.R.H. the Due de Montpensier.
Admiral Sir Michael Culme-Seymour,
Bart.
Prince E. Demidoff.
Do.
Sir Reginald Cathcart, Bart.
Count J. Potocki.
13
"1
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
New Zealand (introduced) . G. W. Campbell.
Caucasus .... Col. Veernhof.
1 Weight, 372 lbs.
INDIAN WILD BOAR
453
Length on
outside curve.
Right. Left.
Ill
84
8i
Length of,
tusk out
of gum.
Locality.
Caucasus .
New Zealand (introduced)
Hungary .
Algeria
Near Bona, Algeria .
Algeria
1 Weight, 275 lbs. clean.
Major Robert Finnie.
H. J. Mussen.
Count G. Andrassy.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Viscount Edmond de Poncins.
Lieut. -Col. J. Marriott.
INDIAN WILD BOAR (Sus cristatus).
This species is allied to the typical wild boar, from which it is
distinguished by the strong development of the dorsal crest and the
rather more complex character of the last lower molar tooth. Other
and more distinct species, such as wS". vittatus, S. verrucosus, and the
long-snouted S. barbatus, inhabit the Malay countries.
Length on
outside curve.
I2§
I2j
Hi
I Of
IO§
9l
9i
'}
9l
91
9i
9
82
81
Weight.
Locality.
Gosrama
Upper Assam
Kotri Dun .
Assam
Meerut
Burma
North Kanara
Central Provinces
Ceylon
182 lbs. Jhelam
Oudh
Roorkee
Meerut
Owner.
V. N. Hickley.
J. D. Berrington.
C. F. Knyvett.
T. H. Carlisle.
N. Williamson.
A. F. Brooke.
Dr. Travers.
Langford Whitehouse.
Major C. Gough.
Lieut. -Col. L. L. Fenton.
Lieut. -Col. J. S. Ashby.
Major F. H. N. Pym.
Capt. W. F. Brayne.
J. C. Faunthorpe.
C. Bovill.
Capt. S. H. Charrington.
454
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
Length on
outside curve.
Weight.
Locality.
14!
Behar, Purneah .
Hi
(malformed)
Purneah
mi
Hills above Jamu
io|
North Kanara
\o\
Burma
ioi
10
Ceylon
9f
-
Owner.
Capt. L. Cheape.
H. R. P. Carter, recorded in Field,
19th January 1895. (See illus-
tration. )
Col. Sir Neville Chamberlain.
Bombay Natural History Society.
Mrs. O. F. Wheeler-Cuffe.
Meerut Tent Club.
H. Storey.
Meerut Tent Club.
The following specimen belongs to one of the above-mentioned
Malay species.
Length on w . h
itsinp rlrvp. to
outside curve
Locality.
North Borneo
Owner.
C. P. Brook.
in I . 1 1 .
2
III III
<il ii 1 1 l 1 1 1 5
I I I I I I I
11 " I 1 ' 14
I 1 I I I 1 I
1 1 1 1 I 1
Mill
2
inch.
Abnormal Lower Tusk of Wild Boar.
BUSH PIG— RED RIVER- HOG 45 5
The BUSH -PIG (Potamochoerus chreropotamus).
Bosch-vark, Cape Dutch. Ingulubi, Swazi and Zulu.
The bush-pigs, or river-hogs, of Africa and Madagascar form a
peculiar group of swine characterised by having only 42, in place of
44, teeth, small tusks, and the presence in old boars of two pairs of
ridge-like prominences on the sides of the face, the lower one being on
the sheath of the tusk. The ears are surmounted with tufts of long hair.
The various species are best distinguished by the characters of their
skulls, colour forming an uncertain guide. The Cape bush - pig, or
bosch-vark, in which the upper prominences on the skulls of old boars
are convex and raised above the line of the nose, is generally grey,
although scarcely any two specimens exhibit the same colours, some
being brownish black variegated with white, and others almost entirely
light reddish brown or rufous, without any white markings. In British
Central Africa they are invariably reddish, and form a distinct race,
P. c. nyasce. Height at shoulder, about 3 1 inches ; weight, 3 5 lbs.
Lower tusks average 6 to 7 inches long.
Distribution. — South and South- East Africa.
Lengt
Upper.
h.
Lower.
Exposed
from gum.
Locality. Owner.
31
6J
N. E. Rhodesia . . Hon. Walter Rothschild
43
P.E. Africa . . . F. Vaughan Kirby.
Height at
shoulder.
Weight.
-23i
35 ^s.
Shire River, British Central Dr. Percy Rendall.
Africa
- Owner's measurements.
The RED RIVER -HOG- (Potamochoerus porcus).
In this species the prominences on the skulls of adult boars are
fiat-topped, and do not reach above the line of the nose ; the colour is
always some shade of rufous, either shining brownish red with a tinge
of yellow, or dark reddish yellow with black on the forehead, ears, and
limbs, and the mane of the back, part of the margins of the ears, the
tips of the long tufts of hairs with which they are surmounted, and
streaks above and below the eyes white. Weight, 250-260 lbs.,
Nigeria (Major J. B. Cockburn).
Distribution. — West Africa.
456
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Head of Forest-Hog. Shot by Lieut.-Col. J. W. Yardley.
The FOREST -HOG (Hylochcerus meinertzhageni).
A huge black pig serving in some respects to connect the bush-pigs
with the wart-hogs, although markedly distinct from both. The boars
have a large fungus-like warty growth below each eye. Height at
shoulder, 30 ins.; weight, 265 lbs. clean (Capt. F. L. Archer-Houblon).
Distribution. — Kenia, the Nandi Forest, and Abyssinia ; represented by
a local race in the Eastern Cameruns, and a third in the Ituri
Forest.
Upper Tusks.
Owner.
G. St. J. Orde Browne.
R. Kenyon-Slaney.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Lieut.-Col. J. W. Yardley.
British Museum.
E. B. Home.
G. C. Slacke.
G. St. J. Orde Browne.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
British Museum.
G. C. Slacke.
Lieut.-Col. J. W. Yardley.
R. Kenyon-Slaney.
E. B. Home.
Total
Protruding
Circum-
Locality.
Length.
from gum.
ference.
\z\
4g
Kenia
IO|
5«
Mount Kenia
ion
91/
4l
Nandi Forest
H
4i
Mount Kenia
H
si
Do. . . .
7h
4i
Do.
7*
Si
Do. .
Lower Tusks.
9k
2%
Kenia
HI
3h
Nandi Forest
6|
3h
Do. . . .
4l
3
Mount Kenia
Si
3
Do. .
Si
2|
Do.
yi
2|
Do. .
WART-HOG
457
Tusks of Wait-Hog in American National Collection.
The WART-HOG (Phacochcerus aethiopicus).
Bango or JStguruwi, Swahili.
Halliif, Sudani.
Ikulubi, Basuto.
Indaigasana, Swazi and Zulu.
Karkari, Somali.
Ngolobivi, Barotsi and Ngami.
Njiriox Injiri, Chilala and Chibisa.
Vlak-vark, Boer.
Gado and Darunga, Hausa.
Ngron, M'Kua.
Shmikoli, Chi la.
For downright ugliness the African wart-hog is hard to beat, and
as it is well armed and possesses a bad temper, it is in all respects an
undesirable acquaintance. The name is derived from the presence of
two pairs of wart-like protuberances on the sides of the face between
the eyes and the tusks ; the head itself being characterised by the
disproportionate length and flatness of the face. Unlike typical pigs,
the stout upper tusks are longer than the lower pair ; the inferior
surfaces of their basal halves being worn to smooth facets by the
points of the latter. Another peculiarity of the upper tusks is that
they have no enamel, except at the extreme tips, which are soon worn
off by use. The last molar teeth of each jaw, which, together with the
tusks, are often the only teeth remaining in very old animals, are large
and tall-crowned, consisting of a number of closely-packed cylindrical
columns of enamel, which, when worn, present a characteristic pattern.
458
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
This type of tooth is quite unlike that of ordinary pigs, in which the
last molars are low-crowned and simple. Except along the neck and
back, where it carries a mane of bristly hair, the skin is nearly naked ;
and the young differ from those of ordinary pigs in being neither
striped nor spotted. Height at shoulder, 30 inches. Weight (Capt.
R. Meinertzhagen), 210 lbs.
Distribution, — The wart-hog is typically an inhabitant of South and
South-East Africa. Pigs of the same genus extend, however,
right through East and Central Africa to Abyssinia ; those from
the latter country forming a local race {P. <zthiopicus africanus).
Wart-hogs, possibly from their habit of going to ground when
pursued, are but seldom hunted with the spear ; " pig-sticking "
being, in fact, a sport practically unknown in Africa. The lower
tusks seldom exceed 6 inches on the front curve.
Outside
spread.
34
Upper Tusks.
Length on
Length exposed
Locality.
Owner.
outside curve.
from gum.
22§
21
Uganda
Rev. A. B. Fisher.
22
?
J. N. Coute.
16
South Africa
W. A. Simpson Hinchliffe.
151
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
i5i
British Central Africa .
A. J. Swann.
i4i
N.E. Rhodesia .
H. Cookson.
I7|
i5i
East Africa
R. S. Meikle.
i7i
Portuguese Nyasa
C. F. Tristram.
i6i
I2i
East Africa .
Capt. the Hon. O. H. Stanley
i6i
Do. .
Capt. V. C. de Crespigny.
I5i
15!
N. Nigeria .
Capt. C. F. Watson.
i5l
15
East Africa
A. J. A. Douglas.
i5i
13
Somaliland .
Major K. L. W. Mackenzie.
i5l
N.E. Rhodesia .
F. H. Melland.
I3l
S. Rhodesia
C. W. Adams.
i3i
East Africa .
Mrs. J. E. R. Oldfield.
i5
134
British Central Africa
R. II. Storey.
Hi
Do.
John Yule.
I2f
Do.
Capt. C. J. Murray.
Ml
12
Do.
Dr. J. E. S. Old.
"i
Sudan
Lord Desborough.
14
»i
Do.
Capt. A. C. Jeffcoat.
133
1 if
N. Nigeria .
Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
i3tV
Somaliland .
Major B. R. M. Glossop.
13*
East Africa
Walter Jones.
13
South- East Africa
F. C. Selous.
I2i
East Africa
Major H. W. Stevens.
iai
Do.
Percy C. Madeira.
12
N.W. Rhodesia .
J. Ripley.
12
East Africa
C. W. Turner.
"1
?
J. Kingdon.
«i
N.E. Rhodesia .
P, M. Stewart.
WART-HOG
459
Outside
spread.
Length on
outside curve.
Length exposed
from gum.
Locality.
Owner.
Hi
East Africa
Gorham Brooks.
II*
Do.
B. Dominick.
I I
N.E. Rhodesia .
Sir Philip Brocklehurst, Bart
II
?
R. B. Loder.
II
East Africa
F. Santos Saurez.
I of
Do.
Major H. B. Dalgety.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
371
20
164
South Africa
27 \
26 J
Annesley Bay
25
British East Africa
i6i
S. Nigeria .
"1
Angola
American National Collection.
(See illustration, p. 457.)
Capt. Ralph Berners, B.N.
C. S. Mann.
E. A. Martin.
W. C. Neilson.
11*
9*
Lower Tusks.
Somaliland
Do.
-Owner's measurements.
Major K. L. W. Mackenzie.
J. D. Inverarity.
Modelled in the Rowland Ward Studios.
Head of Wart- Hog.
460
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
p™ jA
rJ
"0 ;v
Y t
> v , 4 >
ya,
^yiil
■ • V •: «*'' —.-*1
s 'km
jsfr# ^s^'iai
Head of Babirusa.
The BABIRUSA (Babirusa celebensis).
Pig-deer (to translate the Malay name) are not the least notable of
several remarkable animals restricted to Celebes and Boru ; the peculiar
form and position of the upper tusks of the boars rendering them almost
comparable to horns. Unlike those of other pigs, in which they curve
upwards from the sides of the lips, the upper tusks pierce the skin
of the upper part of the snout, and, as they are not worn by the
lower pair, attain extraordinary dimensions. Both pairs are quite
devoid of enamel, the lower ones growing from the sides of the jaw in
the ordinary manner. The cheek-teeth are somewhat less numerous
than in ordinary pigs. In other parts of their organisation babirusas
are, however, very like the latter, although the nearly naked skin of
B. celebensis is of a coarse and rugged nature, being almost comparable
to the bark of a tree. The height at the middle of the back, the
highest point of the animal, is about 42 inches. Unlike the rest of
its tribe, the female babirusa produces only a pair of young at a birth,
which are of the same uniformly slaty hue as their parent. Babirusa
are confined to the islands of Celebes and Boru, where they afford good
sport to the natives, who drive them into nets and then spear them.
The Boru species (B. alfurus) is clothed with greyish hair, and also
differ in the character of the skull and tusks from the Celebes
B. celebensis.
BABIRUSA 461
Dr. Guillemard, in the Cruise of the " Marchesa" recorded the
following weights and dimensions : —
Weight, male, 128 lbs.; female, 85 lbs.
Height at shoulder, 27^ ins. ; female, 25^ ins.
Tusks.
Length.
Owne
Upper. Lower.
i6| 13! Rowland Ward.
14I 12 M. Maxwell.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
17 ... H. Van Son.
Hi ... Dr. F. H. H. Guillemard.
13^ 15 Imperial Museum, Vienna.
11 8 § Dr. Albert von Stephani.
462
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Record Horn of Great Indian Rhinoceros. Shot by the late T. Briscoe.
The GREAT INDIAN RHINOCEROS (Rhinoceros unicornis).
In addition to being the giant among its Asiatic kindred and
possessing only a single horn, this species is specially characterised by
the form of the folds in its hide, and the large tubercles on the fore-
and hind-quarters, which look as though the skin had been fastened
to the body by means of rivets. Folds before and behind the
shoulder mark off one large triangular shield on each side, while
another fold before each thigh separates a large rump- shield ; the
saddle -shaped body- shield being denned by the fold behind the
shoulder and the one in front of the thigh, both of which extend across
the back. Very characteristic, too, are the great folds which form
heavy rings of skin round the neck. Although the tubercles are
largest on the fore- and hind-quarters, they also occur on other parts
of the body. Height at shoulder, from 5 feet 8 inches to over 6 feet ;
girth behind shoulder, 105 inches. Weight of living animal, 1010
lbs. {New York Zool. Soc).
GREAT INDIAN RHINOCEROS
463
Distribution. — The Assam plain and the Tarailand of Nepal and some
of the adjacent territories. Formerly this rhinoceros was found
over the greater part of the Indian peninsula, as attested by fossil
remains. There is evidence of the occurrence of a more or less
nearly related rhinoceros, apparently with two horns, in the Singpu
district of Upper Burma.
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
W(
:ight.
Locality.
Owner.
24
24f
Assam
British Museum (the late T. Briscoe)
I9§
22§
Assam (?) .
Ipswich Museum.
i8|
23i
4 lbs.
9 oz.
Assam
. D. H. Felce.
? 18
16
Do. . ' .
. The late M. H. Logan.
i6|
Belsire, Assam .
. W. C. Sherwill.
?i6i
Cooch Behar
H.H. the Maharaja of Cooch Behar.
? 16
J2
lbs.
Nowgong, Assam
L. Fabre Tonnerre.
15
22|
Nepal
Dr. T. G. Longstaff.
14*
21
Assam
. Dr. W. P. Y. Bainbrigge.
9 14
22j
4l
lbs.
Nowgong, Assam
L. Fabre Tonnerre.
I3i
22
Nepal
His Majesty The King.
13
20
Do.
. Capt. M. L. Pears.
13
20j
Assam
. G. A. Dolby.
13
20|
Do.
. W. A. Doxat.
I2|
23
Do.
II. B. Firman.
I2|
2l|
Do.
. H. C. Holland.
12*
21
?
J. W. Grieve.
12
2li
Cooch Behar
. A. Ezra.
12
2I|
Nepal
Major Lord Charles M. Nairne.
"8
I9f
Do.
. H.S.H. the Duke of Teck.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
2l£
13
13
I2i
245
15!
Nepal
Lord Curzon of Kedleston.
Cooch Behar
H.H. the Maharaja of Cooch Behar
Do.
Do.
?
Indian Museum, Calcutta.
Cooch Behar
Col. J. J. Harrison.
1 Height at shoulder, 6 ft. 6 ins.
464 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Javan Rhinoceros. Shot by Mr. M. Maxwell.
The JAVAN RHINOCEROS (Rhinoceros sondaicus).
A less gigantic and smaller-headed species than the last, with the
skin marked by a kind of mosaic pattern, and the fold in front of the
shoulder continued right across the body like the two hindmost folds.
The neck also lacks the large ring-like masses of folded skin. Horn
never very large, and generally almost or completely wanting in the
female. A female has been measured which stood 5^ feet at the
shoulder, and it is probable that the male is not much inferior in
height to the Indian species, although of lighter build.
Distribution. — The Sanderbans and other parts of Eastern Bengal, to
the Tarai, Sikhim, Assam, and thence through Burma and the
Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.
Length on
front curve.
Circumference.
Locality.
Owner.
lOf
IO|
20
I9§
Java
Do.
M. Maxwell. (See
tion).
British Museum.
illustra
IOg
19^
Do.
H. Van Son.
H
20
Do.
SUM A TR AN RHINOCEROS
465
^aax^ggs
Front Horn of Sumatran Rhinoceros. Shot by Mr. G. F. W. Curtis.
The SUMATRAN RHINOCEROS (Rhinoceros [Ceratorhinus] l sumatrensis).
The smallest of the Asiatic rhinoceroses, and the only one with two
horns ; differing, however, from the African members of the genus by
the presence of folds in the skin and of teeth in the front of the jaws.
Only the fold behind the shoulders is continued across the back, and
the brown or black skin is rough, granular, and more or less hairy.
Height at shoulder, from about 4 feet to \\ feet ; weight, about 2000 lbs.
Distribution. — From Assam (where the species is very rare) to Siam,
the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. The Assam animal is.
a distinct local race {R. sumatrensis lasiotis).
Length on
outside curve.
Circu
mfei
■ence.
Locality.
Owner.
Front.
Rear.
Front.
Rear.
324
• 171
?
British Museum,
275
i7l
?
Do.
15
7h
1 7h
17
Malay
Peninsula
. C. B. Smales.
II
3h
i5i
"i
?
Sir T. S. Tancred, Bart.
7
2l
14
IO
?
Capt. P. Hudson.
5
2|
13
II
Burma
. Capt. W. F. Braync
1 An earlier name is Dicerorhinus, but this is too like Diceros, the subgeneric (or generic) name of the African
rhinoceroses.
2 H
466
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Mr. S. L. Hinde's Horns of Black Rhinoceros.
The BLACK RHINOCEROS (Rhinoceros [Diceros] bicornis).
Aurarissi, Abyssinian.
Abu Gesn-Kkartyl, Sudani.
Chipamberi, Lower Zambesi.
Chipemberi, Chilala.
Fava, Swahili.
Gurhu, Danakil.
Muin, Masai.
Kifuvi or Marili, Hausa.
Mcgi, M'Kua.
Sipejana, Swazi and Matonga.
Upejana, Matabili and Zulu.
Upelepi, Basuto.
W arises, Gal la.
Wil, Somali.
Zwart Rhinaster, Boer.
S/iempola, Chila.
The African rhinoceroses are two -horned animals, distinguished
from their Asiatic relatives by the absence or slight development of
the folds of skin which form such a characteristic feature of the latter,
and also by the lack of front teeth in both the upper and lower jaws.
The hide, too, is almost completely naked, although there are some
bristly hairs on the margins of the ears and the tip of the tail.
Perhaps the most distinctive external feature of the black rhino-
ceros, as the present species is commonly called, is to be found in the
prehensile tip to the upper lip, which is rounded and not very wide in
front. Other points of distinction are, however, shown by the form of
the horns and ears and the position of the eyes ; while in bodily size
BLACK RHINOCEROS 467
this animal is also considerably inferior to the next. The black
rhinoceros is likewise well characterised by the comparative shortness of
its skull, and the form and structure of the cheek-teeth, which are adapted
for a diet of twigs and leaves. Average height at shoulder, 5 feet.
Weight (Capt. R. Meinertzhagen), 1 ton 1 cwt. 1 qr. 8 lbs.
Black rhinoceroses sometimes have more than the usual two horns.
Gordon Cumming, for instance, records having killed a three -horned
Head of Black Rhinoceros.
specimen ; and several others have been recorded from East Africa,
including a five-horned specimen.
Distribution. — From Abyssinia and Somaliland through East and
Central Africa, in suitable localities, to the Cape. Now rare to
the south of the Zambesi, but probably more abundant in the
districts between the interior of Somaliland and Lake Rudolf
than anywhere else. Although more alert and active than the
white rhinoceros, and thus a more dangerous animal, this species is
by no means difficult to kill with modern weapons ; and in the old
days hunters frequently shot half-a-dozen in a single evening as they
468 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
came to drink at a pool. Of the local races at present named, the
E. African R. bicomis holmwoodi is distinguished by the long
and compressed front horn ; while the Somali R. b. somaliensis is
a relatively small form characterised by the proportions of the
skull.
6 Living animal, 602 lbs. {New York Zool. Soc. ).
? >= „ 1080 „
.Lengtn on
outside curve.
Circumference.
Front
horn.
Rear
horn.
Front
horn.
Rear
horn.
' Locality.
Owner.
53i
18 J
East Africa
Dr. C. H. Orman.
47
22^
22
20
Do.
S. L. Hinde.
44
Do.
The late F. Holmwood.
M31
43
2I|
2ii
Congo- Uganda
Boundary
?
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
The late A. Beit.
4ii
40
39
IO
Hi
i9i
20^
i8£
i9l
i6i
20j
17
Zululand
Mt. Kenia, British East
Africa
East Africa
The late Lieut. -Col. the Hon.
W. Coke.
The late A. H. Neumann.
E. B. Home.
381
21
?
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
3H
19
Masailand .
Sir John Kirk.
?35i
i-7i
Do.
Capt. G. H. Riddell.
35
Hi
21
20
East Africa
Capt. L. W. Sadlier-Jackson.
33l
16
20
I9i
Do.
T. P. Kempson.
?33i
i7i
Matabililand
W. Van Ness.
33
22
i9i
20j
East Africa
A. J. A. Douglas.
325
16
22
19
Do.
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
3ii
12
i6i
16
Do.
G. St. J. Orde Browne.
31
18
Do.
R. P. Carroll.
931
I3l
18J
18
Do.
W. Neilson.
3i
19J
16
164
Do.
H. C. V. Hunter.
3°^
i6|
2I|
20l
Do.
R. W. McKergow.
2 30
2l£
22i
232
Do.
Lieut. -Col. the Hon. A. Greville.
30
7l
21
194
Do.
K. V. Painter. ;
29i
144
Somaliland
A. H. Straker.
1
Determination provisior
ial.
2 Weight front horn, 13J
lbs. Weight rear horn, 15 lbs.
BLACK RHINOCEROS
469
Length on
outside curve.
Circumference.
Front
horn.
Rear
horn.
Front
horn.
Rear
horn.
Locality.
Owner.
29
292
i7i
18
South Africa
R. B. Keeling.
29
19
East Africa
. S. H. Christy.
28i
Hi
20|
20j
S. E. Africa
Dr. Sauer.
28i
8|
i8|
South Africa
F. C. Selous.
28
23!
East Africa
F. Baden- Powell.
28
7h
17S
l8i
Do.
F. C. Selous.
9 27f
22
i9l
20^
Do.
. The Master of Belhaven.
27i
10
21
17
Masailand .
The late Rear- Admiral R. A. J.
Montgomerie, R.N.
27
I2i
24I
20
East Africa
Abel Chapman.
27
20|
Do.
E. Gedge.
27
i6i
171
171
Do.
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
27
12
Do.
Sir John Willoughby, Bart.
26|
20|
2I|
19
Do.
. W. N. McMillan.
264
IO|
I9i
15
Do.
Henry Charrington.
26I
25^
1 8i
19
Do.
H. Sampson.
26}
II
24
20
Do.
. Col. A. Colville.
26
13
20|
23-2
Do.
C. Craig.
26
9
18
17
Do.
. Lieut.-Col. M. Tighe.
26
10
20|
19
Do.
. F. W. Belt.
26
i3i
i8J
17
Do.
Stephenson R. Clarke.
26
I2|
171
I7l
Do.
. H. S. L. Scott.
26
i6|
20^
21
N.E. Rhodesia
. P. M. Stewart.
26
19*
"1
22
N. Nigeria
. Capt. N. K. Street.
26
u|
23l
22
East Africa
. H. C. Allfrey.
25I
io|
20|
l6|
Nigeria
Major J. G. Browne.
22J
»4i
17
16^
Somaliland
Sir Abe Bailey.
22|
10
22|
19
Do.
The late Sir H. D. Tichborne
Bart.
22
6|
i7i
16
Do.
. Col. H. D. Olivier.
2I|
17
14
16
Abyssinia .
British Museum.
2o£
I9i
Lake Chad
Capt. G. W. Moran.
19^
9l
18
14
Nigeria
Capt. H. V. Venables Kyrke.
47°
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
outside curve.
Circumference.
Front
horn.
Rear
horn.
Front
horn.
Rear
horn.
Locality
171
8
i6|
15!
Nigeria
16
9S
17
iSl
Do.
i4i
9
i7i
14
Benue, Nigeria
13
6|
i7i
161
Abyssinia .
Owner.
Major J. B. Cockburn.
P. E. Bradney.
Capt. E. J. Wolseley.
O. Neumann.
44i
4ii
4i
40
19\
38
37
36
35*
11
12*
Z2\
22
2ll
24
20l
18
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
East Africa . . Imperial Museum, Vienna.
Orange River Colony . Major - Gen. Sir William
Crossman.
? Carl Hagenbeck.
2I|
i7i
East Africa
South Africa
Do.
Uganda
East Africa
?
Berlin Museum.
J. Lament.
Earl of Dartmouth.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Sir Bartle Frere, Bart.
H. Murray.
Head of Northern White Rhinoceros.
Skull and horns of White Rhinoceros from Lado in
the possession of Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Front Horns of Female White Rhinoceros.
From specimens in the Collection of the late Roualeyn Gordon Cumming,
in the possession of Col. W. Gordon Cumming.
471
AI-
RE CORDS OF BIG GAME
The WHITE or BURCHELL'S RHINOCEROS (Rhinoceros [Diceros] simus).
Um Girin, Sudani.
Vit R/iinaster, Cape Dutch.
Next to the Indian elephant this is the largest existing land
mammal. Its huge bulk, the bluntly truncate muzzle, which has no
prehensile tip, the great length of the skull, and the enormous front
horn, with its expanded base and fiat front surface, form the most strik-
ing external characteristics of this species. The cheek-teeth are of a
different type of structure from those of the preceding species, being, in
fact, adapted for chewing grass. In walking, the animal carries its
head low, so that in examples in which the front horn bends forward,
its tip becomes worn by being pushed along the ground. It is stated
that the colour of the skin is rather lighter than that of the black
species.
Distribution. — South and South-East Africa, in suitable localities, as far
north as the Zambesi ; and again in Equatorial Africa at Lado,
just north of the equator. Exterminated early in the last century
to the south of the Orange River, and now represented in South
Africa at the most by a few survivors in North-East Mashonaland,
and possibly by others in the reedy swamps at the junction of
the Black and White Umvolosi rivers. Between the Zambesi
and Orange rivers the species was abundant about half a century
ago ; Andersson alone having killed sixty in the course of a
few months. Its existence in Central Equatorial Africa was
indicated by Sir Samuel Baker on the evidence of horns, and sub-
sequently made certain in the neighbourhood of Lado by Major
Gibbons. The northern race {R. s. cottoni) is distinguished by the
proportions of the skull, and apparently by the sculpture of the skin.
A— SOUTHERN or TYPICAL RACE.
Length on
outside curve.
Circumference.
Front
horn.
Rear
horn.
Front
horn.
Rear
horn.
Locality.
Owner.
56i
5of
IO
23*
about
25
22
South Africa .
Do.
British Museum.
. W. N. McMillan.
46i
27
Do.
. Carl Hagenbeck.
44
20
Do.
. British Museum.
431
23!
Do.
. The late A. Beit.
42|
25§
Limpopo
. The late W. C. Oswell.
40|
29!
South Africa .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
4o£
20|
Do.
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
4<>£
22*
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
WHITE RHINOCEROS
473
Length on
outside curve.
Circu
mference.
Front
horn.
Rear
horn.
Front
horn.
Rear
horn.
Locality.
Owner.
39!
23
? East Africa
Lord Delamere.
?3S§
244
South Africa .
. The late W. C. Oswell.
38£
22^
Do.
. J. B. Taylor.
371
i7i
274
Mashonaland .
. F. C. Selous.
36
28i
Do.
. C. D. Rudd.
"354
334
n
26
23
21
Mount Domo, Ma- South African Museum (late Cecil
shonaland Rhodes).
? Sir Abe Bailey.
33
i3i
23?
Mashonaland .
F. C. Selous.
3U
8i
26f
26
Zululand
. J. C. Phillips.
3i
22
Mashonaland .
. J. G. Griffiths.
929I
5*
23
2o£
Zululand .
. Pretoria Museum (Julius Jeppe).
Y21\
74
26£
Mashonaland .
. Hon. Walter Rothschild.
X20f
7
28g
Do.
British Museum.
J20
6
25I
I8J
Zululand .
. H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
59
52*
41
22^
South Africa .
. Col. W. Gordon Cumming.
1\\
Do.
Do.
Do.
. J. W. Fitzherbert.
B.— NORTHERN RACE (R. simus cottoni).
41
11
26
22^
Mongalla
Major P. M. Dove.
4°i
25
Bahr-el-Ghazal
Major F. G. Poole.
39
11
26I
251
Do.
Capt. C. Graham.
36|
19I
S. Sudan
Lieut.-Gen. Sir B. T. Mahon.
36£
14
27
1 8J
Lado
The late G. G. Longden.
35
1 31
2l£
204
Do.
H. Twyford.
?35
1 of
22j
20§
Do.
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
33l
12
25*
20
S. Sudan
The late Prince Paul Demidoff.
32i
\2\
2ll
19
Near Lado
Col. J. J. Harrison.
32
32
13
7
27i
21
254
i6|
Do.
Do.
Capt. the Hon. M. P.
Macnaghten.
Douglas McDouall.
3ii
i3i
25i
24
Lado
C. Mathews.
31
3of
12
27
251
27
Do.
White Nile
British Museum (Major P. H. G
Powell-Cotton).
Lieut. -Col. C. J. Hawker.
29
10
25
23
Do.
Major R. M. Sanders.
27!
28I
S. Sudan
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
27
9
25i
224
Do.
A. A. R. Boyce.
27
9
22|
2li
Do.
. Capt. F. W. Woodward.
26
IS*
26
i9i
Do.
1 Mounted specimens.
Sir Kenneth Crossley.
474
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Under Surface of Skull of Indian Elephant.
The ASIATIC or INDIAN ELEPHANT (Elephas maximus).
In general a decidedly smaller animal, the Indian elephant differs
from its African relative not only in external form, but also in the
structure of its molar teeth, which are composed of a greater number of
much thinner vertical plates. The females, as a rule, have only very
small tusks, not projecting beyond the jaw ; and in some cases those of
the males are equally poorly developed. Five nails are usually present
on the fore-feet, and four on the hind pair. Externally, the most
characteristic distinction is the comparatively small size of the ears ;
next to which comes the presence of a finger-like process on the front
edge only of the tip of the trunk ; the African species having one in
front and a second behind. The skin is nearly smooth ; and the
INDIAN ELEPHANT 47 5
bristles on the tail are confined to the front and back edges for some
distance above the tip. Other noticeable points are the comparative
flatness of the forehead, and the regular convex form of the back, as
well as the perfect flexibility of the trunk, which may be compared in
structure to an india-rubber tube. In the African elephant the trunk
may be compared to a telescope consisting of segments of different
calibre. Although males do not generally exceed 9, and females 8 feet
in height, specimens have been killed measuring over 1 o feet, while one is
stated to have reached 1 1 feet, and a skeleton in the Indian Museum,
Calcutta, indicates a still larger individual.
Distribution. — The forest -districts of India, Ceylon, Assam, Burma,
Malay Peninsula, Siam, Cochin China, Sumatra, and Borneo. There
is some doubt as to which is the typical form of the species. It
has been considered that the Ceylon elephant holds this position,
but the specimens originally named were probably tuskers
introduced from the mainland. The Indian race may therefore
be taken as the type. In the Ceylon race (E. maximus zey-
lanicus) the males have very small tusks, and the females are
tuskless. The Sumatran race {E. m. sumatrensis) is characterised
by the coarser structure of the molar teeth, and the Malay E. m.
hirsutus by the shape of the ear.
6 Indian elephant, living, 6800 lbs. {New York Zool. Soc).
9 „ „ „ 45°° »-
Height (Owner's Measurements).
At shoulder. Locality. Owner.
ft. ins.
10 6 Burma ..... H. Shaw Dunn.
10 5 Coorg ..... Capt. S. H. Charrington.
10 4 Burma A. E. S. Minett.
10 4 Garhwal, United Provinces . Col. J. E. Campbell.
10 1 Ceylon ..... Col. J. J. Harrison.
10 1 India ..... Major-General A. A. A. Kinloch.
9 8 Southern India . . . . F. Gompertz.
Tusks.
M^rTciJXlnc, Weight. Locality. Owner.
ft. ins. ins. lbs.
-9 IOi 15^ ... )
. ?
-9 o 15I •■■ J
Royal Siamese Museum, Bangkok.
Owner's measurements.
476
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length out-
side curve.
ft. ins.
-8 9R
-8 2L
-8 9
-8 6
8 o
i7 9
-7 6
-7 o
-7 4i
27 3§
7 3i
6 ii
6 6
6 io
-6 8
-6 5
6 71
-6 7
3 "I
-6 6
-6 4
-6 4
-6 34
6 2
5 «1
-6 i
-5 "I
6 i
5 io
Greatest cir-
cumference.
i7i
i6|
17
i54
h4
i8|
174
i74
i54
i54
i74
i8|
i8|
I4§
12*
1 64
1 64
171
174
1 64
i6J
Weight.
lbs.
8l
8o-2
Locality.
464
734
7i4
Assam
Burma .
90 S. India .
Burma .
Sumatra
85 Assam .
102
Burma
974J
106 Do.
65! India
84 )
\ Burma
83 J
52^ Mysore
Owner.
The late Earl of Lytton.
Government House, Rangoon.
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
Royal Palace, Mandalay.
. G. F. W. Curtis.
. T. H. Monteath.
Marquis of Waterford.
R. Gordon Smith.'
Bethnal Green Museum (J. D.
Goldingham).
H. Shaw Dunn.
. Viscount Powerscourt.
Yala, S. Provinces, Lieut. -Col. R. J. Marker.
29|f Ceylon
Burma
A. E. S. Minett.
Assam . . . G. H. Moore.
73J Madura District . British Museum.
58 }
564 J
564)
534J
484)
42 J
North Coimbatore . Rev. H. C. B. Stone.
Assam
Burma
Noel Williamson.
E. M. Alexander.
1 Exposed from gum.
- Owner's measurements.
2 The tusks of the sacred white elephant from King Thebaw's Palace, Mandalay.
INDIAN EIEPHANT
477
Leng
side
th out-
curve.
Greatest cir-
cumference.
ft.
ins.
ins.
6
oil
5
8/
6
o
5
II
16
5
IO
16
-5
IO
-5
3
15
4
I of
I3l
4
7i
i3i
Weight.
Locality.
Owr
lbs.
109
S. India .
F. Gompertz.
50
Madras .
. J. Fortune.
45 1
46i J
- Bengal .
H. K. Robinson.
Borneo .
. C. M. D. Stewart.
42
Ceylon .
. W. S. Murray.
28 ")
27 j
Malaya .
. J. Scott Mason.
- Owner's
; measurements.
Feet (after preservation).
Circumference
at base.
Width at bottom,
back to front.
Locality.
Owner.
631)
621}
Pegu, Burma
. Capt. W. F. Brayne.
621
South Arcot District -
. J. Fortune.
61
20
Travancore
. Col. D. M. Lumsden.
60
18
Mysore
Viscount Powerscourt.
59
19
?
Lieut. R. Home, R.N.
sH
18
Travancore
Capt. H. L. Cottingham.
584
18
Assam
A. H. Cuming.
58
19
Do. .
. Major F. B. Stapleton-Bretherton.
58
l8
Travancore
Hon. E. Stonor.
571
19
Assam
. H. C. Holland.
571
18
?
L. V. Bagshawe.
S7h
1 8J
Assam
. D. D. F. Hosack.
56
17
Do.
. G. M. Norrie.
56
174
?
Capt. G. P. Evans.
x55
17
Garhwal
B. B. Osmaston.
255
20|
?
Lieut. R. Home, R.N.
1 Measured, 59A when shot.
2 Hind foot.
478
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
Circumference Width at bottom,
at base. back to front.
674
6i£
6o£
57i
56
56 18
Locality
?
N. Burma
Coorg
Ceylon
S. India
Ceylon
Do.
Owner.
From living elephant, by Major-Gen.
G. W. Hanson.
H. Shaw Dunn.
Capt. S. H. Charrington.
Major-Gen. A. A. A. Kinloch.
R. Gordon Smith.
Col. E. T. Taylor.
E. J. Brooke.
Sir Peter Walker, Bart.
1 Measurements, 54 ins. X 17 ins. when dried.
AFRICAN ELEPHANT
479
Head of African Elephant.
The AFRICAN ELEPHANT (Elephas [Loxodon] africanus).
Arby Gal la.
Dakana, Danakil.
Fyly Sudani.
Gtwa, Hausa.
Marodi, Somali.
Muzovu, Chi la.
Njovu, Chilala and Chibisa.
Njovu, Waganda.
Temba, Swahili.
Tepo, M'Kua.
Thlo, N garni.
T/o, Barotsi.
Zahon, Abyssinian.
Some of the distinctive features of the African elephant are indicated
under the heading of the Indian species.
The African elephant, although still abundant in many regions of
Central Africa, in the southern part of the continent is rapidly
approaching extinction. A remarkable exception to this process of
extermination is, however, to be found in the south and east of Cape
Colony, where, since the year 1830, wild elephants have been
systematically preserved by Government. Strong troops of these
protected elephants still roam the dense and impenetrable jungles of
the Addo Bush and the Knysna and Zitzikamma forests. Farther
inland the ivory-hunters have for a generation past been so actively
employed that, despite the vast numbers of these great mammals
which forty or fifty years ago thronged the interior from the Orange
480
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
River northwards, but few herds are now left south of the Zambesi.
The species has been divided into a number of local races, mainly
distinguished by the form and size of the ears and tusks.
BODILY SIZE.— OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
Height at
shoulder
in straight
line.
Total
length
(trunk to
end of tail).
Girth of
fore-foot.
Locality.
Owner.
ft. ins.
ft. ins.
ft. ins.
II %\
Abyssinia .
. H. Weld-Blundell.
Jn 6i
15 5
5 Si
Near Wadelai .
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
ii 6
4 io
Do.
E. S. Grogan and Major G. A. S
ii 4
Kavirondo Hills
Cape.
E. B. Bronson.
ii 4
Sudan
Earl of Sefton.
ii 3
East Africa
The late A. H. Neumann.
ii 3
Do. .
H. B. Tate.
11 2.\
Blue Nile .
Capt. J. A. Pollock.
11 I
17 3
4 ii
Mozambique
Col. J. J. Harrison.
II I
5 4
Toro, E.C.A. .
E. S. Grogan.
II I
East Africa
Abel Chapman.
II O
Do.
G. F. Archer.
II o
Uganda
G. M. Norrie.
IO IO^
Sudan
. G. C. Whitaker.
IO ioi
Sierra Leone
Capt. W. P. Pearse.
IO IO
N.W. Rhodesia
Dr. A. H. B. Kirkwood.
IO IO
White Nile
Major R. M. Sanders.
io 9
2 12 8
5 o
Lake Rudolf .
The late A. H. Neumann.
io 8
Uganda
M. Mitchell."
io 8
4 io
Tana Valley
Major H. De Pree.
io 7 '
'Jumbo "
?
Barnum and Bailey.
io 6
4 8
Tana Valley
Capt. C. Hankey.
io 6
S.E. Africa
F. C. Selous.
io 4
N.E. Rhodesia .
R. D. Waterhouse.
io 3
21 o
5 i
Nyasaland
Sir John Kirk.
9 7i
4 6|
(dried)
Somaliland
Viscount Edmond de Poncins.
i
Length of
humerus, 3
ft. 8 ins. 2 Length fror
a root of tail to eye, in straight line.
AFRICAN ELEPHANT 481
With reference to the height of elephants, the late Mr. A. H. Neumann,
in Elephant Hunting in East Equatorial Africa, stated that " I am an
unbeliever in 14 ft. elephants or anything like it. Possibly (though I
doubt even that) there may be a 1 2 ft. one in existence, but I have had
some experience (and probably more opportunities of judging than
most of those who pose as authorities), and I have never killed one
that could be absolutely guaranteed to be over 11 ft. 3 ins. in height
(to be quite on the safe side, for as a fact I made it an inch more). I
have killed two of that height in my time, and not another within
several inches of this."
African Elephant Tusk in the American National Collection.
Length Greatest -^, ■ ,
(outside curve), circumference. °
ft. ins.
11 5i
11 o
10 4
9 7
10 z\
10 2
9 10
9 5
ins.
iSiJ
i8|
19
24i
19
Tusks.
Locality.
293 East Africa
Mongalla
126 \
226^ East Africa
159 Marsabit
247
Do.
Owner.
American National Collection.
(See illustration.)
H.R. H. the Due de Montpensier.
British Museum.
F. J. Watson Taylor.
Charles Pulley.
2 I
482
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length Greatest Weieht
(outside curve), circumference. 5
Locality.
Owner.
ft.
ins.
ins.
lbs.
9
9
5*
0
i8|
i8i
I20 1
"7 J
Tana Valley .
Major H. De Pree.
9
5
22|
184
?
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
9
4
2O5
160
East Africa
Sir John Kirk.
9 4
(tip broken)
-9 4
18
no
151
Do.
Elgayu, E. Africa .
Duke of Westminster.
Sir F. J. Jackson.
9
9
4
1
22
22|
i68ij
Uganda .
i
R. Grauer.
9
3*
iSf
Tana Valley .
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
-9
3
129
East Africa
Sir F. J. Jackson.
9
2a
20
Tana Valley .
Sir Robert Harvey, Bart.
9
8
2
5
24]
24 J
340
Uganda .
Capt. H. S. Burrough.
9
8
9l
24
24§
176 ^
i79lJ
Do. .
Capt. E. B. Place.
9
8
1
ioi
i9i
19}
114 1
108 J
East Africa
Col. A. Eric Smith.
J9
8
0
11
2I|
22^
i6i^|
167J
Tana Valley .
His Majesty The King.
29
8
0
6
2ll
21*
139 |
141J
Uganda
Frankfort Museum. Shot by t
late G. G. Longden.
9
0
25
198)
174J
Central Africa
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton,
8
11
23*
9
8
0
10
21
21
130]
124J
East Africa
J. Elkington.
8
11
20
i3° |
1 24* J
Do.
N. C. Cockburn.
8
8£
I9|
-8
-8
11
9
i8|
i8i
iio'l
108/
Mt. Elgon, E. Africa
Lieut. -Col. J. D. Ferguson.
8
10
18
105
East Africa
Lord Delamere.
-8
9\
102 "j
Tana Valley
Major H. De Pree and Capt. C
91
Hankey.
- Owner's measurements.
1 Presented by H.H. the Aga Khan.
2 Presented by Rudolf de Goldschmidt.
AFRICAN ELEPHANT
483
Length
(outside curve
Greatest
). circumference.
Weight.
Locality.
Owner.
ft. ins.
ins.
lbs.
8 9l
17
9cA
East Africa
Sutton Timmis.
7 IX2
i7i
92 J
8 9
195
104 ~j
Do.
G. M. Norrie.
8 34
19I
1 00 J
8 7l
22|
165
Do.
His Majesty The King.
8 6
i7i
781]
Congo .
Duke of Peneranda.
8 6
17
78h)
8 54
8 0
171
i7h
Sol]
79 J
Do
Sir A. Sharpe.
8 5
23I
175
Uganda .
Graham Pownall.
8 5
I9f
1391s)
Bahr-el-Gebel
Major R. M. Sanders.
8 if
19I
137 J
8 41
I9i
9911
Sudan
Capt. E. C. Hamilton.
7 6
19
96I/
8 4l
18
971)
B.E. Africa .
Capt. W. H. Wilkin.
7 0
i8i
9i J
8 4
.171
884
East Africa
W. Neilson.
8 4
76
M'bogo
E. S. Grogan.
8 4
21I
150)
147J
Near Wadelai .
W. Y. Wyndham.
8 3
21
8 3
i8|
81I)
East Africa
Capt. T. W. Greenfield.
8 2
i8|
80 J
8 3
22
13511
Sudan
Sir W. Garstin.
7 11
23i
I591J
8 2
7 8|
20|
2o£
1451
121J
Gondokoro
His Majesty The King.
8 1
I7l
86
?
Major G. G. P. Humphreys,
8 1
16]
7 2
J
East Africa
Capt. C. J. Murray.
8 1
2o£
108/
Abyssinian Sudan .
W. N. McMillan.
8 0
20
8 0
20
118 I
7 8i
192
io6iJ
Uganda .
Capt. C. H. Stigand.
484
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length
(outside curve)
Greatest
circumference.
Weight.
Locality.
ft.
ins.
ins.
lbs.
x7
7
II
8f
20\
98^1
I38j
Sierra Leone .
7
7
II
o
1 71
17
90]
SoJ
White Nile .
7
7
io*
5*
20
20^
US)
108 J
Upper Nile
7
7
IO
6*
17*
17
«5J
East Africa
7
7
IO
8*
1 6i
i"6*
6n
68jJ
Do.
7
9
17*
95*
Do.
-7
-7
9
Si
22
20i
119]
110J
N.E. Rhodesia
7
7
9
7
22*|
2I*J
26S
Lake Rudolf
7
7
7
6
i6|]
i6|J
Lake Naivasha
7
6
6|
91
i9
icn'l
91]
S. Abyssinia
7
7
6*
2
17*
784)
75fJ
Congo
7
6
6
9
20
I9l
103)
93 J
East Africa
7
6
6
"4
i7i
18
76]
8:/
Uganda .
7
7
51
5
18
i8i
851
SoJ
Sudan
7
5
194
84
Do.
7
7
5
2
22*
23
"4]
112J
Lado
7
7
4*
44
20
19*
92*)
9i*J
Uganda
Owner.
Major C. E. Palmer.
Capt. E. R. Wishaw.
Douglas McDouall.
C. Bower Ismay.
R. Holmes.
P. Niedieck.
F. H. Melland.
A. E. Butter.
T. W. Brooke.
R. de la Huerta.
Col. Max C. Fleischmann.
H. Leney.
Major A. W. Jennings Bramly.
Major H. D. Pearson.
Capt. R. S. Hart.
J. Jay White.
- Owner's measurements.
1 In Hon. Walter Rothschild's Museum at Tring.
AFRICAN ELEPHANT
485
Length
(outside curve).
ft. ins.
7 2|
6 7
Greatest
circumference.
ins.
i8i
Weight,
lbs.
85/
Locality.
Abyssinian Sudan
Owner.
C. Bulpett.
7
6
2
10
i9l
19
88 \
77 f
Uganda .
G. M. Norrie.
7
6
2
/2
174
171
8i|)
8o|J
Sudan
Countess of Sefton.
7
7
O
O
2I|
21^
93 )
9«J
Uganda .
G. Blaine.
6
6
10J
0
i7i
i7i
6M
594 1
N. Nigeria
Capt. G. C. Kelly.
6
6
10
4
22
22
112 "|
103 J
Uganda .
G. M. Norrie.
6
7
164
South- East Africa .
F. C. Selous.
6
6
7
i7i
174
73 i
N.E. Rhodesia
Hon. M. W. Elphinstone.
6
6
6
4i
,i8i
i8i
^ 1
634/
S.E. Africa .
P. Neergaard.
6
6
6!
4/
iSi
B.C. Africa .
R. H. Storey.
<?6
5h
I2|
N. of Lake Rudolf .
The late A. H. Neumann.
6
_ 5
2\
7l
l84 |
mi
Lomagundi's Country
Duke of Westminster.
-?5
-V5
io|
40 ^
39 J
Uganda .
Capt. E. B. Place.
5
4
0
8
hi
141
49 ]
47 J
Abyssinia
A. E. Butter.
4
11
15
26
Somaliland
A. H. Straker.
4
91
14!
511
J02
Do.
Major E. W. S. Brooke.
4
8i
134
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
4
5
124
Do.
Lord Delamere.
4
4
131
26
Do.
Lieut. -Col. J. McCall Maxwell,
486
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
The following specimens probably belong to the Dwarf Congo race
{E. africanus pumilio) : —
Length Greatest Weight
(outside curve), circumference. °
lbs.
ft.
ins.
ins.
5
6
i3i
5
4
i3i
3
8
12
3
7*
"i
92
ii
8i
?2
ii
8i
Locality.
274)
27iJ
J7 "1
17
71
,- Semliki
> Umfumbro, E. Congo
Owner.
G. Blaine.
Major J. Webb Bowen.
;
Feet (after preservation).
Circumference
at base.
Width at bottom
back to front.
Locality.
Owner.
66^
22
East Africa
G. F. Archer.
65*
20i
Near Albert Nyanza .
H. S. Keating.
65*
Near Wadelai
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
-65
Central Africa .
Arnold Mathews.
64
Uganda
G. M. Norrie.
64
20j
Toro .
E. S. Grogan.
63i
20
White Nile
Sir W. Garstin.
634
2li
Uganda
The late G. G. Longden.
63
20
White Nile
Major C. J. Hawker.
-63
Blue Nile .
Capt. J. A. Pollock.
621
21
Sudan
Earl of Sefton.
62i
Do.
M. C. Radford.
62
20
East Africa
C. Craig.
61
N. Nigeria
Capt. G. C. Kelly.
-61
East Africa
Marquis Pizzardi.
-6o|
Somaliland
. Capt. M. S. Wellby.
60^
White Nile
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
6o|
20
Sudan
G. C. Whitaker.
60
19
Wadelai
Lieut. -Col. M. L. Carleton.
Owner's measurements.
MAMMOTH
487
MAMMOTH or EXTINCT SIBERIAN ELEPHANT (Elephas primigenius).
Nearly allied to the Indian elephant, but the plates of the teeth
still narrower and more numerous, the tusks spirally twisted, the
ears smaller, and the skin clothed in woolly fur with long bristles inter-
mixed. The height is generally inferior to that of the Indian species.
Remains of this species occur in the superficial deposits of Europe
and Northern Asia. In the frozen soil of Siberia the skin, flesh, and
hair are frequently preserved, and the ivory is often suitable for the
purposes of the turner.
Length (out-
side curve).
ft. ins.
12 I0£
12 8
12 6
12 O
II 9
11 5
II o
Greatest
circum-
ference.
ins.
31*
23
19
35
171
2o£
Weight,
lbs.
Locality.
330
(estimated)
173
Siberia
Siberia
Owner.
Stuttgart Museum.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
British Museum.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Milan Museum.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
488
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Modelled in the Rowland 1 7 "ard Studio
African Lion (fore part).
The LION (Felis leo).
Ambassa, Abyssinian.
A sad, Arabic.
Imbubi, Ibubesi, Inyonyama,
Matonga, and Marhanganga,
Swazi and Zulu.
Karamo, M'Kua.
Lendjandnek, Gal la.
Libba, Somali.
Leeuzu, Cape Dutch.
Libbaka, Danakil.
Nkango or Nkalamo, Chilala and
Chibisa.
Shumba, Chila.
Simba, Swahili.
Tau, Basuto and Bechuana.
Tauw, Barotsi and Ngami.
Zaki, Hausa.
Any description of such a familiar animal as the lion (the only cat
in which the male is furnished with a mane on the head and shoulders,
and a tuft of long hair to the tip of the tail) would obviously be
superfluous here. One of the points of interest attaching to the
species is its wide distribution. Several local races are now recognised.
Somali lions are smaller and greyer than those from either the Cape or
Algeria, although their manes are often very fine, and the East African
LION
489
(F. I. masaicus) is distinguished by the persistence in the adult, especially
the female, of the chocolate spots of the cubs. The Indian lion
(F. leo gujratensis), distinguished by its small, straight, and tawny mane
and pale tawny colour, is another race. Heights of 3 feet 3-^ and 3 feet
8 inches at the shoulder have been recorded in African specimens (the
larger measurement by Mr. Selous), and 3 feet 6 inches in an Indian
example (by Gen. W. Rice). Mr. Selous killed an African lion weigh-
ing 500 lbs. ; and between 400 and 500 lbs. may be taken as the
average weight. Wild lions seldom develop such enormous manes as
menagerie examples.
A lion's skull may be easily recognised when placed beside that of
a tiger by the fact -that in the former the terminations of the sutures
dividing the frontal from the nasal and maxillary (jaw) bones are
situated nearly in the same transverse line, while in the latter
the nasal bones extend much farther back than the maxillary. More-
over, the lower jaw of a lion will stand much flatter on a table than
that of a tiger.
Distribution. — In modern times Africa from Algeria to the Cape,
Mesopotamia on the west flanks of the Zagros range, Persia south
of Shiraz, and India in the districts of Kathiawar, Sind, the Central
Provinces, and Bundelcund. Now rare in India, where it is con-
fined to the Gir Forest in Kathiawar.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
Skin
Total Length measure- Estimated
length from nose ment from height
before ,to root tip of nose at
of tail. to
skinning.
ft.
ins.
10
5 (a
10
5
10
4
10
4
10
2h
10
2
10
2
10
I
shoulder.
ft. ins.
7 6
7 3
Mane.
tip of tail.
ft. ins.
ft.
tins.
10 10J
3
7
Black
(raw)
Fine
10 3
Fair
(dressed)
11 2
Good
Fair
10 2^
Do.
3
6
Do.
Fine
Locality.
Owner.
S.E. Africa . F. Vaughan Kirby.
East Africa . Dr. W. S. Rainsford.
Gir Forest, India Lord Lamington.
East Africa . Capt. the Hon. G. H.
Douglas-Pennant.
N.E. Rhodesia. R. D. Waterhouse.
N.W. Rhodesia Major R. Gordon.
Blue Nile . . Capt. C. C. Maud.
East Africa . Capt. E. Sartorius.
M
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ajor A. St.
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490
LION
491
Skulls.
Length
from back to
front.1
Width across
the zygomatic
arches.
Weight
cleaned.
Locality.
Owner.
I6J (A)
IO
South-East Africa
F. Vaughan Kirby.
16
10J
5 lbs.
East Africa .
E. Gedge.
(end broken)
ISA
IO
6 lbs. 8 oz.
Do.
Hon. C. G. Murray.
15I (b)
ioi
5 lbs. 3 oz.
Do.
The late Rear- Admiral R. A. J.
1 Si
9i
Pungwe
Montgomerie, R.N.
Hon. T. Thynne.
iSl
9i
S. Rhodesia
C. W. Adams.
ISA
9i
E. Africa .
H. H. Williams.
15
10
Mashonaland
Basil H. Woodd.
15
9i
Somaliland .
H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans.
15
IO
Do.
Gen. Sir Arthur Paget.
15(c)
10
5 lbs. 8 oz.
South-East Africa
F. C. Selous.
15
10&
5 lbs. 6 oz.
East Africa .
Capt. A. E. F. Fawcus.
145
9
Do.
G. L. Harrison.
14I
9i
5 lbs. 8 oz.
Do.
Sir Thos. R. Dewar.
14I
9tV
5 lbs.
N.W. Rhodesia
J. H. Venning.
Hi
9l
Do.
J. Bracken.
14?
9
South-East Africa
H. M. von Archer.
14!
9
Matabililand
Capt. Sir K. Fraser, Bart.
14** l
i°tV
5 lbs.
East Africa .
C. C. Branch.
14H w
n 9
9t^
5 lbs. 3 oz.
Do.
Capt. M. Kincaid- Smith.
I4l
9l
4 lbs. 8 oz.
S. E. Africa
E. P. Frost.
I4l
Nigeria
N. J. Dodd.
I4A
i°rf
4 lbs. 12 oz.
East Africa .
Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton
i4i
9l
4 lbs.
South Africa
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
i4i
9i
Do.
Sir Abe Bailey.
I4i
IO
East Africa .
Norman B. Smith.
i,4i
10
5 lbs.
Do.
H. R. H. the Duke of Connaught
I4l
9l
Rhodesia
W. Robinson.
i4i
9i
4 lb. 14 oz.
East Africa .
Hon. W. Guinness.
?I4£
8g
South-East Africa
F. Vaughan Kirby.
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
17
"t1"
16
ioi
isi
9!
i5i (h)
91
I4l(K)
9i
6 lbs.
Delagoa Bay
?
South Africa
Mushukulumbwe
Somaliland .
Berlin Museum.
P. C. Keytel.
J. Lamont.
Major A. St. H. Gibbons.
A. E. Leatham.
1 The measurements are taken from the summit of the occiput to the front of the upper jaw.
Indian Tiger-Skin.
492
TIGER 493
Head of Tiger.
The TIGER (Felis tigris).
Sher or Bag/i, Hindustani.
A much less noisy animal than the lion, the great striped cat of
Asia is also a more variable species, of which several local races are
recognised. First is the typical Bengal tiger, a large, long-limbed,
lithe, and short-haired creature. A smaller and rougher-haired race
(F. tigris septentrionalis, likewise known as F. t. virgatd) inhabits the
Caspian provinces of Persia, and also extends into the Caucasus.
The Manchurian tiger {F. t. mongolica) is characterised by its large size,
heavy build, short limbs, and the great length and thickness of the
winter coat, which may be less fully striped than in Indian specimens.
The Javan tiger {F. t. sondaica) differs, among other features, by the
amount of white on the face. The Maharaja of Cooch Behar measured
a tiger standing 3 ft. 10^- ins. at the shoulder.
Distribution. — From the Caucasus through Northern Persia, India,
Assam, Burma, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and China,
to Manchuria, Amurland, and Korea. In India ranging from an
elevation of some 7000 feet in the Himalaya to Cape Comorin, but
unknown in Ceylon.
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495
Manchurian Tiger-Skin.
496
TIGER
497
Skulls.
Length
rom back
0 front.1
-i5!
Breadth
across the
zygomatic
arches.
Weight
cleaned.
lbs. oz.
Locality.
Cooch Behar
Owner.
H.H. the Maharaja of Cooch Behar
-15!
Hi
?
Col. A. Pollock.
iSi
ioi
Cooch Behar
Lord Stavordale.
-15(a)
ioi
Bengal
Col. Evans Gordon.
I4s (F)
IO
Duars
Major S. H. Pollen.
I4i(G)
I of
Deccan
Major W. J. R. Wingfield.
-J4i
IO
Tarai
Bombay Natural History Society.
1 44
io|
Central Provinces
Major W. H. Hunter.
-Hi (c)
i.4i
IQi
9g
4
12
Bijnor District, United
Provinces
Duars
The late A. M. Markham.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
i4i(H)
ioj
5
2
Central Provinces
Major M. D. Goring-Jones.
i4i
I of
Do.
Lieut. -Col. E. A. D'Arcy Thomas.
141(D)
9i
Kanara Jungles
W. Holland.
I4i (E)
9i
Tarai
R. Nolan.
i4l
9l
4
8
Rewah
H.H. the Maharajah of Rewah.
I3l
91
4
IO
N.E. Bengal .
A. M. Murdoch.
-13! (B)
9i
North Kanara
Lieut. -Col. L. L. Fenton.
i3i
9§
4
IO
Mirzapur .
P. B. Vander Byl.
i3l
9H
4
6
?
Col. H. W. Gordon.
i3i
IO
5
o
Persia
Lieut. -Col. R. L. Kennion.
?i3i
9t(T
Kalchi .
H. B. Learoyd.
— Owner's measurements.
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H. For skins see pp. 494-495.
Skins
^ength of skin dressed,
ft. ins.
13 6
Mongolia
Locality.
12
4
Do.
12
0
Do.
11
3a
Do.
10
8
Persia
Owner.
A. Bignold.
H.H. the Sultan of Johore.
H.R.H. the Due d'Orleans.
Col. W. Hall Walker.
Lieut. -Col. R. L. Kennion.
1 See note on p. 491.
2 K
498 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
The LEOPARD (Felis pardus).
Chita, Hindustani. Nimr, Sudani.
Damissa, Hausa. Ngo, Waganda.
Harvard, M'Kua. Nyalugwi, Manganza.
Ingwi, Zulu, Swazi, Matabili, Shabel, Somali,
and Matonga. Siveri, Alomwi.
Inkwi, Bechuana and Basuto. Tijger, Cape Dutch.
The leopard has an even larger range than the lion, and is probably
the most widely distributed of all the cats. Sportsmen in India
recognise a larger " panther " and a smaller " leopard," although
naturalists fail to distinguish them as separate forms. The typical
representative of the species is the larger Indian leopard. African
leopards often have the spots on the body of smaller size, and many of
them without light centres, like those on the head. The West African
race is F. pardus leopardus, and large-spotted East African leopards
have been named F.p. suahelica and F.p. ruwenzorii. The Somali F.p.
nanopardus is a very small light-coloured race. In Persia, Baluchistan,
the mountains of Sind, and probably Kashmir, is found a race of the
leopard (F.p.panthera or tulliand), characterised by its pale colour, long
fur, and thick tail. The Malay leopard (F. p. variegatd) is a large-
spotted race ; as is also the Korean and Chinese F. p. orientalis.
Very distinct is the Amur and Manchurian F. p. villosa, an animal
of heavy build, with a pale ground-colour to the fur, which is very long
and thick, and the spots in the form of large complete rings. In the
forest districts of Asia black leopards are not uncommon, and they
also occasionally occur in Abyssinia, the home of the large F. p. nimr.
Some Siamese leopards show small spots within the dark rosettes.
Height at shoulder, from about 2 feet (India) to 2 feet 4 inches (Africa).
A large leopard killed by Lieut-Col. L. L. Fenton in the Gir Forest,
Kathiawar, measured 7 feet %\ inches in length ; the length of the
tail being 35^ inches, the girth of the neck 21^ inches, of the fore-
arm iil inches, and of the body behind the shoulder 35-^ inches;
weight, 160 lbs.
Distribution. — Africa, the Caucasus, Asia Minor, and Asia generally,
with the exception of Northern Siberia, the Tibetan plateau, and
Japan.
LEOPARD
499
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS— INDIAN SPECIMENS.
Length
before
skinned.
ft. ins.
8 6
Total length
dressed.
ft. ins.
Weight,
lbs.
Locality.
Kashmir .
Owner.
Major A. G. Arbuthnot.
8
4
S. India
F. Gompertz.
8
8
4
Cooch Behar
Do.
H.H. the Maharaja of Cooch
Behar.
Do.
8
ii
Central Provinces
Capt. G. W. Hemans.
8
8
o
o
8 ff*
154
Cooch Behar
India
H.H. the Maharaja of Cooch
Behar.
Count J. Potocki.
7
ii
Mandla
O. Kauffmann.
7
IO
8 4I
Ganges Kadir .
See below.1
7
IO
Mhow
Major F. W. H. Walshe.
7
7
IO
9i
8 6
Nepal
Central Provinces
Lieut. -Gen. Kaiser Shumsher
Jung, R.B.
Col. J. J. Harrison.
7
9
Nepal
C. H. H. B. Caldwell.
7
9
Oudh
Mrs. Innes.
7
7
8
8
Hyderabad, Deccan
Ganges Kadir .
Major C. E. G. Norton and Capt.
Sir K. Fraser, Bart.
Muttra Tent Club.2
7
8
U. Burma .
H. Shaw Dunn.
7
7 (
8 71
Siwaliks
E. H. E. Green.
7
7
8 io
Central Provinces
Capt. R. D. Gard'ner.
97
4
8 i
145
Bijnor District .
Major E. McK. Williams.
1 Speared by Capt. H. Hoare (5th D.G.), Major J. G. Rotton (R.A.), and Major W. Gillman (R.H.A.).
2 Speared by Major A. C. King and some officers of the 5th Lancers, when out with the Muttra Tent Club.
The following are the dimensions of two leopards shot in Ceylon
by Count Scheibler : —
Length from tip of nose to end of tail
,, ,, root of tail
Height at shoulder (estimated)
Girth
Circumference of upper arm .
,, forearm
Male.
Fe
male.
ft. ins.
ft.
ins.
7 0
6
4
4 Z\
3
7
2 2\
1
9
2 7
2
1
O 13
0
10
0 iof
0
H
The following specimen belongs to one of the Chinese or Man-
churian races : —
before Tot-al length
skinned.
ft.
<*5
dressed,
ft.
Weight.
lbs.
65
Locality.
Tai Kung Shan Moun-
tains
Owner.
Commander the Hon.
Bridgeman, R.N.
R. O. B.
500
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
OWNER'S
MEASUREMENTS-
•AFRICAN SPECIMENS.
>ength before
skinned.
SSStef w^ht-
Locality. Owner.
ft.
ins.
ft. ins.
lbs.
8
7
East Africa .
. K. V. Painter.
8
7
ioi
2 7i
Niwimbi,
Nyasaland
Sudan .
Portuguese J. Sealy-Bell.
Marquis Pizzardi.
97
9
2 3i
Matabililand
, . Rhodesia Museum.
7
9
Sudan .
Gustav von Dippe.
7
7i
2 6
East Africa
Percy C. Madeira.
7
6
Do.
Lady Grisel Hamilton.
7
4
Do.
L. F. Eames.
7
3i
Somaliland .
Count J. Potocki.
7
3i
1364
N.W. Rhodesia . . C. H. S. Bellis.
7
3
Wadelai, E.C
. Africa . Maj.-Gen. W. P. Pulteney.
7
2
Somaliland
Count Scheibler.
7
O
no
Sudan .
. W. B. Cotton.
6
ioi
2 4i
Gondokoro
. Dr. A. MacCarthy Morrogh
6
IO
Somaliland
. Count Scheibler.
6
IO
140
Nyasaland
. A. White.
6
3
Somaliland
Norman B. Smith.
6
o
Do.
Count E. Hoyos.
?5
ioi
2 I
55
East Africa
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
5
7
I IO
(girth 2ijj ins.1
Nigeria
. Maj.-Gen. T. D. Pilcher.
The following specimens were shot and measured by Mr. F.
Vaughan Kirby ; the first being from the Nguanetsi River, and the
second from the Matamiri Bush, S.E.A. : —
Length, tip to
tip in a straight
line.
Length
over all —
"sportsman's
measurement
Estimated
, shoulder
height.
,-,•., c Girth
Girth of . 1 ■ j
, behind
shoulder.
Girth of
forearm.
Length of Zygomatic Cleaned
skull. width. weight.
ft. ins.
ft.
ins.
ft. ins.
ins. ins.
ins.
ins. ins. lbs. oz.
6 11
7
2
2 7
22 35i
I2|
9i 6J 1 8
6 9
7
2
2 7
20 33&
Skulls.
ni
9 Si
Total length.
Width.
Weight.
Locality.
Owner.
ins
ins.
lbs. oz.
"i
7i
I 12
Gabun .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
I of
6A
N. Nigeria
B. C. Parr.
-ioJ
6g
Bijnor District,
Provinces
United
The late A. M. Markham.
io|
White Nile .
A. L. Butler.
-10A
6i
Gir Forest, Kath
a war .
Lieut. -Col. L. L. Fenton.
IO
6i
I 6
Belgaum, India
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart
9A
6|
East Africa
L. F. Eames.
9
5R
I 3
Somaliland
J. H. Thomson.
- Owner's measurements.
SJVO W-LEOPARD
501
The SNOW- LEOPARD or OUNCE (Felis uncia).
Shieh Pao, of Chinese.
Although the Persian leopard is in some degree intermediate in
respect to colour and the length of the coat, the ounce differs from the
leopard by the ground-colour of the long and dense fur being dirty
white, with the spots on the back, sides, and tail in the form of large,
irregular, ill-defined and interrupted rings, and by the great thickness
of the tail, which scarcely tapers, and is about three-quarters the
length of the head and body. Height at shoulder, about 2 feet 4
inches.
Distribution. — The high ranges of Central Asia, including Gilgit, Hunza,
Turkestan, Trans-Baikalia, Ladak, Tibet, Amurland, and Western
China, extending in the north-west to the Altai, and in the west,
it is said, to Persia. In Prince Demidoff's Hunting Trips in the
Caucasus a snow-leopard is figured as coming from that range, but
the animal found there is F. pardus panthera. The snow-leopard
generally dwells at elevations of over 8000 feet, but descends in
Gilgit during winter to 6000 feet.
Length dressed.
Weight.
Locality.
Owner.
ft.
ins.-
8
8
Central Asia
. A. Ezra.
8
8
Baltistan .
. Capt. C. M. Hawes.
8
6
?
Capt. B. C. Graham.
8
6
Skull, 7| x 5I
Baltistan
R. Rankin.
8
2h
Do.
E. Langworthy.
(raw)
7
10
Near Leh .
Lieut. -Col. S. Frewen.
-7
8
China
. M. Mitchell.
-7
51
Pamir
Viscount Edmond de Poncins
-7
5
?
Lieut. -Col. F. J. Harden.
-7
4
Skull, 7TV x 4J
Kashmir .
. Lieut. -Col. H. C. Tytler.
-7
4
(24 inches at shoulder)
The late R. A. Sterndale.
- Owner's measi
irements.
S02
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
The CLOUDED LEOPARD (Felis nebulosa).
Kwei ko-pao, Chinese.
The arimau-dahan, as this species is called by the Malays, is the
size of a small leopard, with a very long and thickly furred tail, and
large upper tusks. The ground-colour of the fur varies from greyish
brown to fulvous, upon which are large dark blotches, frequently
bordered in part with black. In old specimens the blotches often
disappear, leaving only the black borders.
Distribution. — From the Sikhim and Bhutan Himalaya, through Assam,
Burma, Siam, and the Malay Peninsula, to Sumatra, Java, and
Borneo. Represented by a smaller race {F. nebulosa brachyurus),
with somewhat different markings and a shorter tail, in Formosa.
Skins.
Length
ft.
-6
dressed,
ins.
6
Weight,
lbs.
Locality.
Assam .
Owner.
The late B. H. Hodgson.
6
5
Yun-nan
M. Mitchell.
-6
4
44h
?
The late R. A. Sterndale.
6
3
?
Sir Guy Fleetwood Wilson,
5
i io
Sumatra .
British Museum.
5
9
?
Major B. R. M. Glossop.
5
7h
Assam
P. Russel.
Owner's measurements.
Basal length from
back to front.
6-2 ins.
Skulls.
Breadth.
Locality.
Owner.
475
Assam .
. The late B. H. Hodgson,
J A G UAR—PUMA 503
The JAGUAR (Felis onca).
This cat may be regarded as the American representative of the
leopard, which it fully equals, even if it does not exceed, in size. The
colour and markings are generally similar to those of the latter, but
the dark rings are larger and arranged more definitely in groups, each
ring usually enclosing one or more dark central spots, and the enclosed
light area being of the same tint as the general ground-colour of the
fur, which is typically of a rich tan. Usually seven or eight more or
less distinct longitudinal rows of rosettes may be noticed on each side
of the body. The tail is shorter than a leopard's.
Distribution. — America, from Louisiana, Texas, and Northern Mexico
to about the Rio Negro on the northern confines of Patagonia in
lat. 400 S.
Length before
skinned.
Length
dressed.
Locality.
Owner.
ft. ins.
ft. ins.
-9 3
9 3
Brazil
Count Henry Coudenhove.
-8 3f
Do.
Do.
-6 11
7 9
Paraguay .
Col. J. J. Harrison.
The PUMA (Felis concolor).
With the exception of the small and long-tailed jaguarondi
and eyra, the puma (pronounced pooma) is the only uniformly
coloured cat found in America, where its range extends from British
Columbia and Maine in the north to the Strait of Magellan in the
south. The size is inferior to that of the jaguar, the height at the
shoulder being about 2 feet, and the weight 150 lbs. The general
colour of the fur is tawny, tending, like that of the white-tailed deer, to
reddish in summer and to greyish in winter, with the middle of the
back darker, and a whitish patch on the back of the otherwise black
5o4 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
ears. But with such an enormous geographical range, it is inevitable
there should be much local variation ; and a number of races are now
recognised, most of which are distinguished by size or the redder or
greyer tint of the fur. A Patagonian race has pale ears.
:ngth before
skinned.
ft. ins.
-8 6
Weight.
lbs.
about 150
Locality.
?
Owner.
A. Pendarves Vivian.
-7 6g
Brazil .....
Count Henry Coudenhove.
-7 5
Gallegos River, Patagonia
W. Moncreiffe.
-7 3
Fraser River, British Columbia .
The late J. Fannin.
-7 o
Wyoming .....
J. L. Scarlett.
- Owner's measurements.
LYNXES (Felis [Lynx] lynx, etc.).
The lynxes form a well-marked group connected with the more
typical members of the cat tribe by the jungle-cat (F. chaus), and
distinguished by the tuft of long hairs at the. summit of the ears, and
the absence of the first upper cheek-tooth. From the others the caracal
(F. caracal), of Africa and India, is broadly distinguished by its long
tail and uniform rufous colour. The short-tailed lynxes are, however,
a group in which it is very difficult to determine whether the variations
indicate distinct species or local races. In the typical European lynx
{F. lynx) the tail is very short, the throat has a ruff of long hair, and
the coat is spotted with dark brown, the Tibet lynx (F. lynx isabellina)
is a pale race, and the Canadian lynx (F. lynx canadensis), which
ranges as far south as California, is another race ; while the Caucasian
and Persian lynx is now classed as a distinct species, F. cervaria.
The red lynx {F. rufa), which is also widely extended in America, and
has numerous local races, is a third species. From differences in the
form of the skull, the Spanish lynx (F. pardina), which is a fully
spotted animal, is also classed as a distinct species. It ranges over
a large portion of Southern Europe, including Turkey, Greece, Sicily,
Sardinia, and Spain and Portugal. The ordinary lynx stands from
16 to 18 inches at the shoulder.
LYNXES
5°5
.4.— EUROPEAN LYNX (Felis lynx).
Length before
skinned.
-49^ ins.
-46 „
-42-9 .,
-42 ,,
Estimated
height at
shoulder.
23
Locality.
Andalusia
Near St. Petersburg
Eastern Carpathians
Do.
Owner.
Abel Chapman.
Count Bobrinskoy.
Prince Henry of Liechtenstein.
Count Henry Coudenhove.
B.— CANADIAN LYNX (F. lynx canadensis).
Length before Height at We[ h
skinned. shoulder. °
-38 ins.
25
Locality.
60 lbs.
(about)
Wyoming
Owner.
Major G. Dalrymple White.
Owner's measurements.
Length before Height at
skinned. shoulder.
-33 lns-
-32 „
17
22
C — RED LYNX (Felis rufa).
Weight. Locality. Owner.
Wyoming . . . Capt. M. McNeill.
40 lbs. Nova Scotia
(about)
Major G. Dalrymple White.
D. — CARACAL (Felis caracal).
Flat skin. Locality.
-465 ins. Nr. Grahamstown, S. Africa
Owner.
Dr. H. Smith.
Owner's measurements.
5o6 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
The HUNTING -LEOPARD or CHITA (Cynaelurus jubatus).
Although this animal is commonly called chita (cheetah) by Anglo-
Indian sportsmen, that name is at least as often applied in India to
the leopard. From all the true cats and lynxes the hunting-leopard
differs by the claws being capable of only partial withdrawal into their
sheaths, so that their tips are always exposed. The body also is more
slender, and the limbs are proportionately longer. The black spots on
the skin are small and without light centres, like those on the head of
the leopard. Length, 7 feet or less ; height at shoulder, 30 to 39 inches.
A specimen speared by Lieut.-Col. L. L. Fenton in Kathiawar measured
6 feet \ inch in length, the tail being 2 feet 2\ inches.
In Africa the chita is the " Ihlose " of the Zulus and Swazis. It is
distributed sparsely throughout S.E. Africa. Hunting-leopards usually
hunt in couples, and fairly stalk their game, securing it with a swift
rush at the last. Mr. F. Vaughari Kirby wrote that " I have seen a
party of six hunting together and another of eight. Though I have
often tried, I have never yet succeeded in running into one on horse-
back ; they are incredibly swift of foot. They invariably kill their
prey by strangulation." Many local races have been named.-
Distribution. — Africa and South- Western Asia, extending from Persia
to Western Turkestan and the countries east of the Caspian,
and eastwards into India ; unknown in the latter country on the
Malabar coast and to the north of the Ganges, as it also is in
Ceylon.
Length before Length of ^ghfat Locality. Owner.
skinned. tail
ft. ins. ft. ins
shoulder.
79 ... East Africa
-7 3I ... ... N.W. Rhodesia .
136^ lbs.
-6 6 22 ... East Africa
-6 6 26^ ... Zululand .
-6 4! 2 2>\ 2&h N.E. Transvaal
90 lbs.
-63 2 4I 29^ East Africa
- Owner's measurements.
Capt. R. Meinertzhagen.
C. H. S. Bellis.
Percy C. Madeira.
A. Cameron.
Dr. Percy Rendall.
H. C. Williams.
The following are the dimensions of a specimen shot in the Eastern
Transvaal by Mr. F. Vaughan Kirby : —
Total length in straight line. Do. over all. Tail. Vertical height. Girth of forearm. Do. shoulders.
6 ft. 8 ins. 7 ft. 7 ins. 2]ft. 9 ins. 2 ft. u£ ins. 8| ins. 31 ins.
HYENAS
507
The SPOTTED HYjENA (Hysena [Crocuta] crocuta).
Uaraba, Somali.
Yangula, Danakil.
Jib, Abyssinian.
Kuva, Hausa.
Kochupa, M'Kua.
Marjain, Sudani.
Ugandu, Mpisi.
Setongwani, Barotsi.
Piri, Ngami.
Chimbwi, Chilala and Chibisa.
The hyaenas form a small family of Carnivora allied in some
respects to the cats, but distinguished by the structure of the skull,
the more numerous teeth (which are, however, to a considerable extent
cat-like), and the four-toed feet, with non-retractile claws. The spotted
hyaena, of which there are several races, is the largest of the three
species, and takes its name from the large dark blotches on its tawny
coat. Its carnassial teeth are more cat-like than those of the other
species.
Distribution. — Africa, south of the Sahara.
Length
before
skinned.
ft. ins.
-5 o
-4 9h
-4 8
Length Extreme Estimated Girth
of length standing behind
tail. over all. height. shoulders.
ft. ins. ft. ins. ft. ins.
6 3
3 o
2 6
ins.
29
391
Weight.
lbs.
121
Locality.
Owner.
East Africa Capt. R. Meinertz-
hagen.
F. Vaughan Kirby.
Somaliland J. H. H. Dodds.
Skulls.
Length,
ins.
-"i
-I2i
12
"4
-11
-iog
-io§
Width,
ins.
7i
7xV
7k
■ 6§
6g
Weight,
lbs. oz.
2 8
Locality.
South-East Africa
Owner.
F. Vaughan Kirby.
2 12
Zomba, B.C. A.
, D. MacAlpine.
Somaliland
J. H. H. Dodds.
Benue Valley .
. Capt. E. J. Wolseley.
Somaliland
Viscount Edmond de Poncins.
South-East Africa .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
2 3
East Africa
The late Rear-Admiral
R. A. J. Montgomerie, R.N.
The STRIPED HY-ffiNA (Hyaena striata).
Distribution. — India, Arabia, Syria, etc., and North and East Africa.
Locality. • Owner.
Length before
skinned.
ft. ins.
-4 4i
-3 6
Length of
tail, i
ft. ins.
Standing
height.
ft
2
ins.
2*
Somaliland
India
Owner's measurements.
>]. H. H. Dodds.
The late Dr. T. C. Jerdon.
508 RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Skull of Kamchatkan Bear.
BEARS (Ursidse).
Bears are so unlike other animals and so like one another that no
one has the slightest difficulty in recognising a member of the group
when he sees it. They constitute a family of Carnivora — the Ursidce —
and are spread over the greater part of the globe, with the exception of
Africa to the south of the Sahara desert, and the Australasian islands.
As some of their leading characteristics, mention may be made of their
large bodily size, clumsy build, shaggy fur, generally uniform coloration,
the very short tail, and the application of the whole sole of the foot to
the ground in walking. The skull and teeth are likewise very peculiar
and distinctive, although these need not be taken into consideration in
this place.
In consequence of the marked similarity to one another of most
members of the group, it is a matter of extreme difficulty to come to a
definite conclusion as to the number of species of bears. The typical
member of the group is the familiar brown bear (Ursus arctus) of Europe,
in which the colour is generally a darker or lighter shade of brown,
but occasionally tends to greyish. The Syrian bear (U. arctus syriacus),
in which this greyish tinge predominates, may be regarded as a local
variety, and the same is the case with the snow -bear of Kashmir
(U. arctus isabellinus), in which the colour is generally a light creamy
brown. European specimens probably seldom exceed 8 feet, but the
East Siberian and Kamchatkan bears (U. arctus piscator) grow to
9 feet. Even more gigantic is the Kodiak bear (U. arctus midden-
dorffi) of Kodiak Island, Alaska; while the Yezo bear {U. arctus
yesoensis) of Japan is another large race, with much the external
appearance of a grizzly. The Alaskan bear {U. arctus dalli), from the
BEARS 509
mainland of Alaska, is also a huge animal, slightly smaller than the
one from Kodiak Island, with more resemblance to an ordinary brown
bear than to a grizzly. The grisly, or grizzly, of the Rocky Mountains
is a smaller bear, with longer, straighter, and whiter claws, and is
generally regarded as representing a second species (U. horribilis).
A race of this species is the Barren-Ground bear {U. h. richardsoni) ;
and the species may be represented in Asia by the Tien Shan
U. leucoityx. Another member of the group is the Atlas bear {U. arctus
crowtJieri), of North -Western Africa, still imperfectly known. The
extinct cave-bear (U. spelcsus) is a large species allied to the brown bear.
The little blue bear {U. pruinosus) of Tibet, with more or less of
white on the head and shoulders, seems to form a distinct species. The
same is the case with the American black bear {U. americanus), which
exhibits distinctive features in the skull and teeth, and is generally
black, although it may be grey, or even white (U. a. kidderi\ The
Himalayan black bear {U. torquatus), which may be recognised by the
conspicuous white gorget on the breast, is a relative of the last-named
species. In Japan it is represented by the Japanese black bear
{U. japonicus). One of the smallest species of the genus is the very
distinct Malay bear {U. malayanus), which ranges into Sze-chuan ; and
allied to this is the spectacled bear ([/. ornatus) of the Peruvian and
Bolivian Andes, distinguished by the light-coloured rings generally sur-
rounding the eyes from which it derives its name.
The most distinct of all the species included in the genus Ursus is
the Polar bear (U. maritimus), so distinct, indeed, that many naturalists
consider it ought to form a genus by itself. Externally its chief charac-
teristics are its white coat, and the presence of a certain amount of
hair on the soles of the feet ; both these peculiarities being evidently
adaptations to the Arctic habitat of the animal. Very old Polar bears
exhibit a tendency to the development of a brownish tinge in the fur.
Last of all comes the Indian sloth-bear (Melursus ursinus), which is so
different from the other kinds as to represent a genus by itself. It is
too well known an animal to need description, some of its characteristics
being the long and bare snout, the ragged, wiry hair, extensile tongue,
small cheek-teeth, and the diminished number of front teeth.
5io
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
(a) Skulls.
Basal length
from back
to front.
Width
across the
zygomatic
arches.
Weight
cleaned.
Race, or
Species.
Locality.
Owner.
ins.
ins.
lbs.
oz.
-2o£
"i
Alaska .
J. W. Anderson.
l8|
"I
12
o
Cave bear Europe .
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
-lS§
lof
?
Alaska .
F. T. Colby.
18
17*
II
io|
IO
8
O
4
Kamchat
kan
Alaskan
Siberia .
Alaska .
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Capt. C. R. E. Radclyffe.
-i7i
I of
Do.
Do. .
Rev. Dr. R. J. Nevin.
i7i
16
IO
91
6
5
12
8
Kamchat
kan
Polar
Kamchatka .
Novaia Zemlia
P. Niedieck.
J. Lamont.
iSS
\o\
5
13
Do.
Polar Seas
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
i5M
9§
5
8
Do.
Greenland
C. A. Hamilton.
iSi
9ttt
5
14
Kamchatka .
Capt. C. R. E. Radclyffe.
i5i
log
6
I
Alaska .
L. J. Cadbury.
i5l (D)
9i
5
IO
Grizzly
Brit. Columbia
Sir Peter Walker, Bart.
i5§
9i
4
IO
Kamchat
kan
Do.
Kamchatka .
Capt. R. E. R. Benson, R.N.
iS*
9irir
5
IO
Do.
W. S. Race.
i4«
9
Brown
Do.
St. George Littledale.
-i4fi
84
4
2
Grizzly
Montana
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
145
8i
4
8
Do.
Brit. Columbia
S. B. Bennett.
I4§ (c)
8i
5
O
Do.
New Mexico .
Montague Stevens.
Hi
8i
3
12
Brown
Europe
Walter Winans.
138
8|
Snow
Kashmir
Capt. B. H. Shaw-Stewart.
-i3i
8
3
I
Do.
Do.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
12 J
-I2j
8T3ir
7
3
3
Black
Sloth
Nepal .
Mysore
Lieut. -Gen. Kaiser Shumsher
Jung, R.B.
Capt. M. McNeill.
I2l
71
Do.
Cent. Prov. .
C. F. Egerton.
I2J
7
Grizzly
Wyoming
J. L. Scarlett.
I2j (B)
6|
Sloth
Cent. Prov. .
Surgeon- Major M. O'C. Drury
I2|
71
Snow
Kashmir
A. Ezra.
I2f
71
Do.
Do.
Col. C. B. Wood.
I2§
71
3
O
Black
Do.
P. B. Vander Byl.
I2j
7H
Grizzly
Wyoming
J. L. Scarlett.
12
74
Sloth
Cent. Prov. .
C. F. Egerton.
-Ug
7*
Black .
Newfoundland
Percy C. Madeira.
II J (A)
6|
Brown .
- Ownt
W. Caucasus
r's measurements.
St. George Littledale.
BEARS
5"
Length
before
skinned.
ft. ins.
of raw height at Girth. Weight. gpec';es
7 94
IO
7
8 3
8 o
7 8
7 1
Length Estimated
of raw height at
skin. shoulder.
ft. ins. ft. ins. ft. ins,
13 6
11 6
OWNER'S MEASUREMENTS.
Locality.
II
9
9
9
9
4 O
9 4
-9 4
8 10
8 7
8 6
(across
front paws)
4 o
(mounted)
8 oi
4 34
8 o(d) 3 11
8 o(c) ...
7 11
7 9
7 54
7 54 "...
7 4
lbs.
1656 Kodiak
1460
?
?
Alaskan
Do.
Polar .
Kodiak Island,
Alaska
Alaska .
Do. .
Do. .
Do. .
Baffin Bay
1014
Alaskan Alaska
Do. Do.
Owner.
J. C. Tolman.
American Museum of
Natural History.
J. W. Anderson.
South African Museum.
Dublin Museum.
W. Livingstone-
Learmonth.
Hon. Walter Rothschild.
Capt. C. R. E. Radclyffe.
Do.
Do. .
American National
Collection.
Do.
Do. .
British Museum.
Polar
Barents Seas .
Duke of Peneranda.
1600
Do. .
Arctic Seas
Captain Lyon.
Grizzly .
Wyoming
T. P. Kempson.
Polar .
Spitzbergen
A. Barclay Walker.
Do.
Do.
Franz Josef
Land
Greenland
Dr. S. H. T. Armitage.
Col. Max C. Fleischmann.
1020
Black .
Kam-
chatkan
Polar
Kashmir
Kamchatka
Greenland
Lieut. -Col. W.Westropp
White.
Dr. F. H. H. Guillemard.
C. A. Hamilton.
Grizzly .
Wyoming
T. W. H. Clarke.
Alaskan
Alaska .
J. H. Kidder.
Snow .
Kashmir
W. Graham.
Grizzly .
Brit. Columbia
. Sir Peter Walker, Bart.
735
Do. .
New Mexico .
Montague Stevens.
800
(about'
Brown .
Snow
Norway .
Kashmir
Capt. Gerard Ferrand.
, Lieut. -Col. C. F. Blane.
Sloth .
?
W. L. Hogg.
Black .
Wyoming
T. W. H. Clarke.
Brown .
Hungary
Count M. Andrassy.
Snow
Kashmir
, Capt. B. H. Shaw- Stewart.
512
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length Length Estimated
before of raw height at
skinned. skin. shoulder.
Girth. Weight. *ace'. or
& Species.
Locality.
Owner.
ft. ins.
ft.
ins.
ft.
ins.
ft.
, ins
. lbs.
7
7
o|
o
68o Brown .
(about)
Snow
Lithuania
Kashmir
. Prince Radziwill.
. Major C. Mel. Ritchie.
7
o
3
2
Sloth .
India
. Lieut. -Col. A. E. Ward.
6
II
Black .
Wyoming
. Col. J. J. Harrison.
6
6
IO
IO
3
4
O
I
4 4i
forearm
423
Sloth .
?
Cooch Behar
Alaska .
. H.H. the Maharaja of
Cooch Behar.
. R. P. Blake.
6
9h
=
25
Snow
Kashmir
S. V. Occleston.
6
6
81
8(B
) •
Black .
Snow
Garhwal
Kashmir
Capt. A. W. Robertson-
Glasgow.
A. Ezra.
6
8
4
O
625
Kodiak
Kodiak I.
A. W. Merriam.
6 7
6
7
Black
Do.
Kashmir
N. Brunswick
, Lieut. -Ccl. L. L. Fenton.
Sir Kenneth Crossley.
6
6
6
6
700
Do. .
Grizzly .
Nepal .
Wyoming
Lieut. - Gen. Kaiser
Shumsher Jung, R.B.
Count E. Hoyos.
6
5
Do. .
Do.
J. L. Scarlett.
6
4
Black .
Kashmir
The Master of Belhaven.
6
3
Grizzly .
Wyoming
J. L. Scarlett.
6
2i
Black .
Brit. Columbia Count E. Hoyos.
6
6
I
Sloth .
Cinnamon
Mandla, Cent.
Provinces
Wyoming
Capt. B. H. Boucher.
Col. J. J. Harrison.
6
oi
Sloth .
Hyderabad
Count E. Hoyos.
6
o
3
o
280
Do.
?
The late G. P. Sanderson.
6
o
Black .
Newfoundland
Percy C. Madeira.
5
IOi
3
o
3
4
Snow
?
Lieut.-Col.H. M.Biddulph.
5
9 5
5
5
2(A)
2
2 ]
...
51
2
4
iof
4
250
about
600
about
Black .
Grizzly .
Brown .
Brit. Columbia
Do.
W. Caucasus .
Count Scheibler.
Do.
St. George Littledale.
5 2
4
7
3
4
2
8
242
Do. .
Do.
W. Kan-su
Asia Minor
G. Fenwick-Owen.
H. 0. Whittall.
N.B.— Some of
Barren-Ground bear.
the specimens entered as " Grizzly " may be the
WALRUS
5*3
Head of Walrus.
The WALRUS (Odobaerms rosmarus).
The unwieldy seal-like animals commonly known by a corruption
of the Scandinavian name valross (whale-horse) form in some respects
a connecting link between the true seals and the eared seals, although
differing from both in the huge upper tusks which depend from the
muzzle of males and females alike, as also by the thick yellow bristles
covering the muzzle itself. Like the true seals, walruses have lost all
traces of external ears, but, unlike the former, and like the eared seals,
their huge hind-flippers are turned forwards beneath the body when on
land. The molar teeth have simple flattened crowns, unlike those
of most seals. Although young and adolescent walruses have fairly
thick coats of yellowish fur, in old individuals the tough hide becomes
almost bare, except for the aforesaid bristles. Walruses are estimated
to attain a weight of from 2250 to 3000 lbs.
Walruses are exclusively confined to the Arctic seas, where they
spend much of their time on the ice. There are two kinds, which
2 L
5*4
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
may be regarded as races of a single species ; the one restricted to the
North Atlantic, and the other to the North Pacific. The distribution of
these animals is by no means of circumpolar extent, the Atlantic walrus
(0. rosmarus) apparently not ranging on the Asiatic coast east of the
mouth of the river Lena ; while in America walruses do not appear
to inhabit the vast extent of coast lying between the western shore of
Hudson Bay and Alaska. The Pacific walrus (0. r. obesus), which is
the larger of the two, with longer tusks, always had a restricted range,
and is now scarce. Formerly the Atlantic walrus occurred in countless
thousands, but in accessible situations its numbers have been greatly
reduced, owing to incessant persecution for the sake of its valuable
oil and ivory. Between 1870 and 1880 at least 100,000 of these
animals are estimated to have been slain.
The largest walrus shot by Mr. W. Livingstone-Learmonth measured
12 feet 8 inches in length, and the tusks when extracted measured
25^- inches in length and 8|- in circumference at the largest part ; but,
as is the case with those of nearly all old bull walruses, they were much
broken at the points.
Tusks.
Total length Length
of tusk. from gum.
36
-33i
32!
32
-32
-32
-34
3ii
3°§
29
-27i '
-25I
-25*
25i
Weight,
lbs. oz.
7 io|
9 9
9 4
Girth.
Locality.
Kamchatka
io3r
7 IO
22^
20|
? 18
Pacific
9l
Point Barrow
H
Do.
9i
Alaska]
9i
Kamchatka
9i
Arctic America .
si
Pacific
H
Do.
H
Baffin Bay .
9
Bering Sea .
71
Spitzbergen
7h
Do.
7i
Do.
4V
Do.
Owner.
Sir Thos. Hesketh, Bart.
British Museum (The late Major
G. E. H. Barrett-Hamilton).
Bethnal Green Museum.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Norwich Museum.
British Museum (Col. H. W.
Feilden).
American National Collection.
Prince Nicolas Ghika.
Lieut. H. A. Gillett, R.N.
C. C. Branch.
F. T. Colby.
British Museum (The late Major
G. E. H. Barrett-Hamilton).
W. Livingstone-Eearmonth.
Lieut. C. H. G. Benson, R.N.
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
Sir Victor Brooke's Collection.
Arnold Pike.
A. Barclay Walker.
Owner's measurements.
NAR WHAL
5i5
Skull and Tusks of Walrus in the collection of Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
The NARWHAL (Monodon monoceros).
The Arctic narwhal is the only cetacean furnished with tusks.
These are present only in the male, and generally the left one alone is
developed. Occasionally, however, both grow, as exemplified in a
specimen in the British, and a second in the Cambridge Museum. A
model of this whale is exhibited in the British Museum.
Distribution. — Arctic Seas.
Tusks.
Length.
Circumference.
Weight.
Owner.
ft. ins.
lbs.
9 44
7h
Major H. A. Steward.
8 8i
8|
Bethnal Green Museum.
s n
9
17
H.R.H. the Due de Montpensier.
-8 7
*
Royal Scottish Museum.
8 7
' H
15
Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart.
8 7
8
Carl Hagenbeck.
8 3i
71
Bethnal Green Museum.
-8 2
American Museum of Natural History
8 0
71
A. Barclay Walker.
7 11
J. H. Whitehouse.
Owner's measurements.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
5i7
HINTS
For recording the Length of Animals in the Field.
As the body lies on the ground, and where circumstances permit,
proceed as follows : —
Length. Pull the nose and the tail so as to get them as nearly as
possible in a straight line. Fix body with four pegs ; one at end of
the nose, one at end of tail, one at root of tail, and the fourth at the
nape of the neck behind the ears.
Height at sJwulder. Put the leg or paw in a standing position and
place a peg at top of withers and measure carefully standing height (a)
with extended paw, (b) with spread paw, as well as length of fore and
hind legs from pegs at the stomach-line.
The entries in the game-book should be as follows : —
Length, straight from nose to tip of tail,
along curve to root of tail
,, of tail .
,, of head to nape of neck
Girth, upper arm
„ forearm .
,, of body .
„ of head .
Height at hind-quarters
„ shoulder
Length of foreleg
,, hind-leg
Weight, cleaned
,, not cleaned
Cleaned skull, length
,, breadth
,, height
,, weight
In addition to these measurements, the sex, estimated age, locality,
and condition of the animal, with any other features of interest, such
as colour of the eyes and skin, length of the hoofs, condition of teeth,
etc., should be recorded.
RECORDS OF BIG GAME 5*9
T tV, Circum-
Greatest Yonwst **?*** T£ t0 BV^h Points. Locality. Owner.
width. longer above Tip. of palm. '
tme- burr.
Length
on out- Circum- Tip to Widest Points. Locality. Owner,
side ference. Tip. inside.
Length
on
outside
Circum-
ference.
Tip to
Tip.
Widest
inside.
Widest
outside.
curve.
Points. Locality. Owner.
520
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Length on
front curve.
Circum-
ference.
ITip to Tip.
Locality.
Owner.
Greatest width.
Outside. Inside.
Tip to Width of
Tip. palm.
Locality.
Owner.
Length, Circum- -p. , qt-
straight line. ference. Up to lip.
Locality.
Owner.
INDEX OF SPECIES AND RACES
Abyssinian Buffalo
. 422
Antidorcas marsupialis
275
, , Bushbuck
• 307
Antilocapra americana
116
, , Defassa
192
Ant Hope cervicapra
235
,, Duiker
160
Aoul .
269
,, Ibex .
• 372
Arabian Gazelle .
249
Oribi .
. 176
Ibex
375
Addax .
. 298
, , Oryx
295
Addax nasomaadatus
. 298
, , Tahr
355
Addra Gazelle
• 273
Argali
396
/Epyceros melampus
. 226
,, Alatau
402
, , , , johnstoni
- 230
, , Bokharan .
403
,, ,, peter si
• 230
, , Kashgarian
402
African Elephant .
• 479
,, Littledale's .
402
, , Rhinoceroses
466-473
,, Marco Polo's
404
Alaskan Bighorn .
• 392
,, Mongolian
401
Alatau Argali
. 402
, , Pamir
404
Alces machlis
. 96
,, Saiar .
401
, , , , atnericamis
• 97
, , Siberian
399
, , , , bedfordice
100
,, Tibetan
397
,, ,, gigas
• 97
Arna .
427
, , , , typicus
• 99
Arui
387
Alpine Ibex .
• 37o
Arusi Bushbuck .
304
Altai Gazelle
• 243
Asiatic Elephant .
474
American Bison .
• 434
,, Ibex.
367
Ainmodorcas clarkei
. 224
Astor Markhor
359
Ammotragus lervia
• 387
Atlas Bear .
509
Ancient British and Irish Red Dee
r . 11
,, Gazelle
248
,, Continental Red Deer
• 27
Axis
70
Angola Defassa
• 195
Pala .
• 230
Babirusa
460
Ankoli Buffalo
• 419
, , Boru
460
Anoa .
■ 431
, , Celebes .
460
Antelope, Four-horned
• 300
Babirusa alfurus .
460
, , Indian
• 235
, , celebensis
460
, , Roan
. 284
Bactrian Wapiti .
47
,, Sable
. 280
Baikal Wapiti
47
,, Tibetan
• 233
Banded Duiker
164
Antidorcas euchore
• 275
Bantin .
445
521
522
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Barasingha . . . .
54
Bos caffer beddingtoni
424
,, (Kashmir) .
32
,, brachyceros
424
Barbary Sheep
387
,, cottoni .
418
Barking Deer
80
, , hunti
424
Basilan Sambar .
67
,, mathewsi
419
Bastard Hartebeest
148
,, nanus
424
Bavian Deer . . . .
73
,, neumanni
419
Bay Duiker .
164
,, planiceros
424
Bears .
508
,, raddiffei
419
Beden ....
373
,, simpsoni
424
Beira .
167
,, typicus .
418
Beisa . . . . .
291
depressicornis .
431
Bharal
385
gaurus .
439
,, Caucasian .
383
,, hubbachi
440
Bhutan Takin
347
,, readei .
440
Bighorn . . . .
389
grunniens
436
Black .
393
indicus .
447
Clifton's
395
mindorensis
43i
., Grey
392
sondaicus
445
Kamchatkan .
394
, , birmanicus
445
., Rocky Mountain
390
, , lowi .
445
White .
392
, , porteri
446
Bison ....
432
taurus .
447
,, American .
434
,, primigenius
447
,, Indian
439
Boselaphus tragocamelns
301
Black Bighorn
393
Bridgeman's Muntjac .
82
Blackbuck .
235
Brindled Gnu
150
Black Duiker
161
,, ,, Nyasa
153
,, Lechwe
199
Bubal Hartebeest .
118
, , Rhinoceros
466
Bubalis boselaphus
118
Black-tailed Deer .
107
,, cama
131
Black Wildebeest .
156
.. ,, selbornei .
131
Blesbok
145
,, cokei
125
Blue Bull .
301
., ,, kongoni .
125
,, Duiker
162
., ,, naktmz .
125
,, Sheep
385
, , , , rothschildi
125
• ,, Wildebeest .
150
., lelwel
129
Bohor Reedbuck .
219
,, ,, insignis .
129
Bokharan Argali .
4°3
,, ,, jacksoni .
129
Bongo
323
,, ,, niediecki .
129
Bontebok
H3
, , lichtensteini
• 133
Bobcercus euryceros
323
,, major
. 119
,, , , isaaci
324
. , netwianni
. 128
Bos bison
434
, , , , noacki
• 123
,, ,, athabasca
434
tora .
. 121
,, bonasus .
432
,, ,, rahatensis .
. 121
,, caucasius .
432
,, ,, swaynei
• 123
,, bubalis .
• 427
Budorcas bedfordi .
• 348
,, fulvus .
■ 427
, , taxicolor
• 347
., . , macroceros
■ 427
, , , , wkytei
• 347
,, ., typicus .
■ 427
, , tibetanus
• 348
., caffer
. 418
Buffalo, African .
. 418
,, ,, aquinoctialis .
422
,, Cape
. 418
,, ,, asracensis
. 422
., Indian
• 427
, , , , at hi ens is .
• 419
,, Short-homed Africa
n
• 424
INDEX OF SPECIES AND RACES
523
PAGE
PAGE
Buffon's Kob 202
Capricomis sumatrensis hutnei
344
Burchell's Rhinoceros .
472
,, ,, jamrachi .
344
Bushbuck ....
303
,, ,, milne-edwardsi .
344
Bush- Pig ....
455
,, ,, robinsoni .
,, ,, rodoni
344
344
Cabul Markhor
365
,, ,, rubidiis
344
Cama Hartebeest .
131
,, ,, swettenhami
344
Canadian Lynx
5°5
,, swinhoei .
342
Cape Buffalo
418
Caracal ......
505
,, Bushbuck
3°4
Caribou ......
83
,, Bush-Pig
455
Caucasian Bharal . . . . .
383
,, Duiker
158
,, Ibex ....
38i
,, Hartebeest .
131
Central Chinese Muntjac
81
Copra caucasica
383
Cephalophus coxi ....
165
,, „ cylindricornL
384
. , doritz
164
,, ,, typica .
383
,, dorsalis
164
,, falconeri
358
,, grimmi
158
,, ,, cashmiriensis
359
,, ,, abyssinicus .
160
, , , , chialtanensis
363
,, ,, campbellicE
161
,, ,, jerdoni
365
,, ,, coronatus
161
, , , , megaceros
365
,, ,, hindei .
160
,, ,, typica .
359
,, ,, shirensis
160
, , hircus .
376
,, harveyi
166
,, ,, cegagrus
377
,, isaaci
166
,, ,, blythi
377
,, leopoldi
166
,, ibex .
37o
,, maxwelli .
163
,, nubiana
373
,, monticola .
162
,, ,, mengesi .
375
, , , , aquatorialis
162
, , , , sinaitica
375
., natalensis .
163
,, \, typica
374
,, niger
161
,, pyrenaica .
379
,, rufilatus .
166
, , , , hispanica
379
,, sylvicultor
165
, , , , hisitanica
379
Cervidus bridgemani
82
, , , , victoria
379
,, crinifrons
82
,, severtzowi .
38i
,, fea ....
80
, , , , dinniki
• 382
,, lac/iryma/is
. 80
,, ,, typica
. 382
, , , , sclateri .
81
,, sibirica
• 367
,, muntjac ....
. 80
, , , , almasyi
• 367
,, ,, ctirvostylis .
. 80
, , , , altaica
• 367
" ,, ,, grandicomis
80
, , , , jilippii
■ 367
,, ,, tamulicus .
. 80
, , , , lydekkeri
• 367
,, reevesi ....
. 82
,, , , pedri
• 367
,, sinensis ....
82
, , , , sarin
• 367
Cervus albirostris .
• 38
, , , , typica
■ 367
,, aljredi ....
• 70
, , , , ivardi
• 367
, axis .....
70
,, vali
• 372
, ,, ?ninor
• 70
Capreolns bedfordi
• 94
, ,, seylaniats .
• 70
, , capreolus
• 92
, calamienensis
• 72
, , pygargus
• 94
, canadensis
• 39
, , tianshanictts
■ 95
, ,, bactriailus
- 47
Capricomis argyrochates
• 346
, ,, biedermanni
. 48
, , crispus
• 342
, ,, luehdorji .
. 48
,, sumatrensis
• 343
, ,, merriami .
44
„
buba
Units
• 344
, ,, nannodes .
44
524
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Cervus canadensis occidentalis
. , sibiricus .
, , songaricus
, , typicus
, , xanthopygus
cashmiriamis
culionensis
duvauceli .
dybowskii .
elaphus
, , atlanticus
, , barbarus
, , corsicanus
. , germanicus
, , kispanicus
, , maral
, , scoticus .
eldi .
, , cornipes
, , platyceros .
eustephamis
hagenbecki
hippelaphns
, , mohiccensis
, , typicus
horttdorwn
, , kopschi
kuhli
macneilli .
, , kansitensis
»ia?-ia?tmis
nippon
, , manchurictis
, , typiczis .
porcinus
, , hecki
schombiMgki
sica .
, , manchuricus
,, typicus
taevanus .
thoroldi
unicolor
dejeani
equimcs
nigricans
philippinus
swinhoei
typicus .
wallichi
, , affinis .
yarcandensis
Ceylon Buffalo
,, Chital
Chamois
44
47
45
40
48
32
72
54
52
1
15
3i
2
15
14
28
3
58
58
58
46
47
68
69
69
52
52
73
33
33
67
viii
viii
viii
72
72
57
49
5o
5°
5i
39
61
67
65
67
67
66
62
37
37
35
428
70
335
Chialtan Markhor
363
Chilian Guemal
in
Chinese Goral
342
Chinkara
246
Chiru .
233
Chita .
506
Chital .
70
Chousingha .
300
Clifton's Bighorn
395
Clouded Leopard
502
Cobus cob
202
, , , , leucotis
206
, , , , loderi
208
,, ,, thomasi
204
,, ,, vaughani
206
,, defassa
191
, , , , crawshayi
195
, , , , matschiei
192
,, ,, penricei .
195
,, ,, typicus
192
,, ., ugandce .
194
, , , , unctuosus
195
,, ellipsipiy??inus
188
,, /«r^£ .
196
,, maria
200
,, robertsi
199
,, smithemani
199
,, vardoni
209
Coke's Hartebeest
125
Connochcetes gnu .
156
, , taurimis
150
, , , , albojubatus
154
,, , , johnstoni
151
,, ,, typicus .
152
Continental Red Deer .
16
Corsican Red Deer
2
Crowned Duiker .
. 161
Cyncelurus jubatus
506
Cyprian Sheep
411
Dama Gazelle
. 272
Dama gigantea
77
, , mesopotamica
76
,, vulgaris
74
Damalisczts albifrons
• 145
, , corrigum
• 137
, , , , jimela
141
,, , , jonesi
139
,, , , selousi
139
, , , , tiang
• 139
, , , , typicus
137
, , hunteri
135
, , lunattis
148
pygargus
H3
Damara Dik-dik
173
INDEX OF SPECIES AND RACES
525
PAGE
PAGE
Deer. See Red Deer, etc.
Elk, East Siberian .... 100
Defassa, Abyssinian . 192
,, European
99
,, Angola .
195
English Park Red Deer
10
,, Rhodesian
195
Erythraean Gaztlle
252
,, Uganda .
194
European Bison .
432
,, Western .
195
,, Lynx
505
Derbian Eland
331
,, Mouflon
414
Dibatag
224
,, Roebuck
92
Dik-dik Antelopes
I69
Dol .
303
Fallow Deer
74
Domesticated Cattle
447
,, ,, Mesopotamian .
76
,, Goats
378
Felts caracal ....
505
, , Sheep
416
,, cervaria
504
Dorcas Gazelle
250
,, chaus ....
504
Dorcotragus melanotis .
167
,, concolo}'
503
Duiker, Abyssinian
160
,. leo . ...
488
Banded .
164
,, ,, gujratensis
489
Bay.
164
,, ,, masaica .
488
Black
161
,, lynx ....
5°4
Blue
162
,, ,, canadensis .
505
,, Cape
158
' , , ,, isabellina
504
Crowned .
161
,, nebulosa
502
Harvey's .
166
, , , , brachyurus
502
Leopold's
166
,, onca
503
,, Maxwell's
163
., pardina . . .
504
., Red-flanked
166
, , pardtis .
498
Red or Natal
163
,, ,, leopardus .
498
. , Sudani
162
, , , , nanopardas
498
,, Yellow-backed
165
,, ,, nimr
498
Duikerbok .
158
,, ,, orientalis .
498
Dybowski's Sika .
52
, , , , ruwenzorii
• 498
Dwarf Buffalo
424
,, ,, suahelica .
• 498
,, Congo Elephant
486
,, ,, vai'iegata .
,, ,, villosa
• 498
• 498
East Siberian Elk
100
,, rufa
• 505
Eastern Red Deer
. 28
,, tigris .
• 493
, , Tur .
■ 383
,, ,, mongolica .
• 493
Edmi Gazelle
. 248
, , , , septentrionalis
• 493
Eland .
• 325
,, ,, sondaica
■ 493
,, Lord Derby's
- 33i
,, ,, virgata
• 493
,, Sudani
• 332
,, uncia .
• 5oi
Elaphurus davidianus
■ 78
Forest -Hog .
• 456
Eld's Deer .
■ 58
Formosan Sambar
. 66
Elephant, African
• 479
,, Sika
• 5i
, , Dwarf Cong
0
. 486
Four-horned Antelope .
• 3°°
,, Indian .
• 474
Fringe-eared Beisa
• 293
,, Siberian
• 487
Elephas africanus .
• 479
Gambian Oribi
. 178
,, ,, pumilio
. 486
Gaur ....
• 439
,, maximtis .
• 474
Gayal ....
• 444
, , , , sumatrens
j
• 475
Gazella albonotata .
. 262
, , , , zeylanicus
• 475
,, arabica
• 249
,, primigenius
• 487
, , , , erlangeri
• 249
Elk or Moose
• 96
,, rueppeli .
• 249
,, American and Ala
skan
• 97
,, beimetti
246
526
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
PAGE
PAGE
Gazella cuvieri ....
248
Gaze
lie, Mongala
262
,, dama
272
Mongolian
241
, , mTwrr
273
Pelzeln's
255
,, per mist a .
273
, Przewalski's
240
. , ,, ruficollis .
273
Red-fronted
260
,, ,, typica
273
, Saikik
243
dorcas
250
, Seistan .
244
,, Isabella
252
, Soemmerring's
269
,, fuscifrons .
245
, Speke's .
253
,, grant i . • •
265
, Tana Grant's
268
,, brighti .
266
, Thomson's
263
., lacuum .
266
, Waller's .
278
,, ,, notata
266
Gemsbuck
288
,, petersi .
268
Gerenuk
278
,, ,, robertsi .
267
Giant Irish Deer .
77
>i j) typica
265
Giraffa ca7nelopardalis
113
., gutturosa ....
241
,, ,, angolensis .
114
,, altaica
241
, , , , antiquorum
114
, , leptoceros . . . .
257
,, ' ,, capensis
. "4
, , loderi .
258
,, ,, congoensis .
114
,, littoralis . . ~ ■
252
,, ,, cottoni
114
,. pehelni ....
255
,, ,, peralta
114
,, picticaudata
238
,, ,, rothschildi .
114
,, przewalskii
24O
,, ,, tippelskirchi
114
,, rufifrons ....
260
,, ,, typicus
114
,, lavipes
26l
,, ,, wardi
114
,, ;) typica .
26l
, , reticulata ....
"3
seistanica ....
244
Giraffe .
"3
,, scemmerringi
269
Gmelin's Sheep
411
,, berberana
269
Gnu
156
,, btctteri .
271
Goa
238
>> typica
270
Goat, Domesticated
378
,, spekei ....
253
,, Rocky Mountain
349
,, subgutturosa
242
,, Wild .
376
,, sairensis
243
Goitred Gazelle
242
,, thomsoni ....
263
Goral, Chinese
342
, tilonura ....
259
,, Himalayan and '.
Burmese .
340
., yarcandensis
243
Grant's Gazelle
265
Gazelle, Addra
273
Greater Kudu
3J6
Altai
243
Grey Bighorn
392
Aoul
269
„ Rhebok
211
,, Arabian
249
Grisly Bear .
509
,, Atlas
248
Grysbok
185
,, Dama
272
Guemal, Chilian .
in
Dorcas
250
, , Peruvian
no
,, Ed mi
248
Erythraean
252
Haggard's Oribi .
178
,, Goa ....
238
Hairy-fronted Muntjac
82
,, Goitred ....
242
Hangul
32
,, Grant's ....
265
Haploceros motitanus
349
,, Heuglin's
259
Hartebeest, Bubal
118
,, Indian ....
246
,, Cape .
131
,, Kennion's
245
, , Coke's
125
,, Loder's .
257
,, Hunter's
135
Mhorr
273
,, Jackson's
129
INDEX OF SPECIES AND RACES
527
Hartebeest, Kongoni
125
Indian Lion .
489
,, Korrigum or Senegal
137
,, Muntjac . . . . 80
,, Lelwel
129
,, Rhinoceros .... 462
,, Lichtenstein's
133
,, Sambar ..... 62
,, Neumann's
128
,, Wild Boar . . . .453
,, Tora .
121
Inyala. See Nyala
, , Western
119
"Irish Elk" . . . • . . 77
Harvey's Duiker .
166
Irish Red Deer . . . . . 8
Hemitragns hylocrius
356
, , jayakeri
355
Jackson's Hartebeest . . . 120.
, , jemlaicus
353
Jaguar .
503
342
Hemprich's Dik-dik
173
Japanese Serow
Heuglin's Gazelle .
259
, , Sika
5°
464
Himalayan Goral .
34°
Javan Rhinoceros
,, Serow
344
,, Rusa .
60
Tahr .
353
Hippopotamus
449
PicrniV
451
449
Kamchatkan Bighorn .... 394
Hippopotamus amphibius
Kashmir Barasingha
32
, , liberiensis
45 1
Kastura
112
Hippotragus equinas
284
Kennion's Gazelle
245
,, ,, bakeri ■
286
Kilimanjaro Beisa
293
, , , , gambianus
287
Kirk's Dik-dik .
172
, , , , langheldi
287
Klipspringer
186
, , , , sharicus
287
Kob, Buffon's
202
,, leiicophaiis ,. .
285
,, Uganda
204
, , niger
280
,, Vaughan's .
206
, , , , roosevelti
283
,, White-eared
206
Hirola ....
135
Kongoni
125
Hog-Deer,
72
Konzi .
133
Hunter's Hartebeest
135
Korin .
260
Hunting- Leopard
506
Korrigum
137
Hytena, Spotted .
507
Kudu .
3i6
,, Striped
507
,, Lesser
321
Hycena crocuta
507
, , striata
5o7
Lechwe ...... iq6
Hylockcerus meiiiertzhageui
456
,, Black
,, Mrs. Gray's
199
200
Ibex, Abyssinian
372
Lelwel Hartebeest
129
, , Alpine
37o
Leopard
498
, , Arabian
375
Leopold's Duiker .
166
, , Asiatic
367
Lesser Kudu
321
, , Caucasian
381
Lichtenstein's Hartebeest
*33
, , Nilgiri
356
Lion ....
488
,, Nubian
373
Lithocranius walleri
278
, , Spanish
379
Littledale's Argali
402
Impala
226
Livingstone's Suni
180
,, Angola
230
, Loder's Gazelle
257
Indian Antelope
235
Puku
208
,, Bison
439
Lord Derby's Eland
33i
,, Buffalo
427
Luehdorf s Wapiti
48
,, Elephant
474
Luzon Sambar
67
,, Gazelle
246
Lydenburg Reedbuck .
216
,, Hunting-Leopard
506
Lynx ....
504
,, Leopard
498
,, Canadian and Rec
I
505
528
1
REC
'OR,
DS OF BIG GAME
PAGE
PAGE
Lynx, Caracal ..... 505
Mongolian Gazelle . . . .241
., European .
• 505
Monodon monoceros
■ 515
,, Tibetan
• 504
Moose
Moschus 7)ioschiferus
. 96
112
Madoqua damarensis
• 173
Mouflon
• 4H
, , guentheri
. 170
Mountain Nyala .
• 3Jo
hemprichiana
• 173
, , Reedbuck
. 216
, kirki
172
Mule-Deer .
104
-
phillipsi
170
Muntjac
. 80
piacentinii
• 171
,, Bridgeman's .
. 82
, saltiana
169
,, Central Chinese
. 81
,
, swaynei
170
,, Hairy-fronted
. 82
Malay Sambar
• 65
,, Reeves's
. 82
Mammoth
• 487
,, Sclater's
. 81
Manchurian Leopard
499
, , Tenasserim .
. 80
Sika .
5o
Musk-Deer .
. 112
, , Wapiti
48
„ Ox .
• 35i
Maral ....
28
Marco Polo's Argali
404
Narwhal
• 515
Markhor, Astor and Pir Panjal
359
Natal Duiker
• 163
,, Cabul and Suleman
365
' Nemorluedus goral
• 340
,, Chialtan
363
, , griseus
341
Marsh-Deer .
108
, , hodgsoni .
340
Maxwell's Duiker
163
Neotragus livingston ian us
180
Mazama americana
in
, , vioschatus
179
, , antisiensis
no
Neumann's Hartebeest
128
bezoartica
no
New Zealand Red Deer
12
bistdca .
in
Nilgai ....
301
,
cohimbiana
107
Nilgiri Ibex .
356
, , scaphiotus
107
,, Tahr
356
, , sitkensis
107
North African Red Deer
3i
.
dichotoma
108
Norwegian Red Deer .
15
,,
hemionns
104
Nubian Ibex
373
,
, , peninsula
104
Nyala ....
308
•
nemorivaga
in
,, Mountain .
310
rufa
in
Nyasa Gnu .
151
,
sheila
in
,
simplicomis
in
Obi Wapiti
48
,
tenia
in
Odobanus obesus .
5H
.
virginiana
IOI
,, rosmarus
513
.
, , borealis
102
Oi'ea?>imis americanus .
349
, , lichtenste
ini
103
,, ,, columbce
349
, , texana
103
,, ,, keunedyi
349
, , lolteca
103
,, ,, missoulce
349
, , typica
102
Oreolragus saltator
186
., zetta
in
,, ,, portotisi .
186
Melnrsus ursinus .
509
, , , , schillingsi
186
Mesopotamian Fallow Deer
76
Oribi
174
Mexican White-tailed Deer
103
,, Abyssinian
176
Mhorr .....
273
,, Gambian
178
Milu Deer ....
78
,, Haggard's
178
Mrs. Gray's Lechwe
200
Oribia cottoni
177
Moluccan Rusa
69
, , haggardi
178
Mongala Gazelle .
262
, , kenya
177
Monj
jolian Argali
401
, , microdon .
177
INDEX OF SPECIES AND RACES
529
Oribia montana
176
Pasang .....
376
,, nigricaitdata
178
Pekin Sika
52
,, scoparia
174
Pelea capreolus
211
Oryx, Arabian
295
Pelzeln's Gazelle .
255
„ White
296
Penrice's Sing-sing
195
Oryx algazel
296
Pere David's Milu Deer
78
,, beisa . . . .
291
Persian Gazelle
243
, , , , annectans
291
,, Wild Goat
376
,, ,, callotis
293
Peruvian Guemal
no
,, ,, gallant m
291
Phacochcerus lethiopicus
457
,, gazella
288
, , , , africa
nus .
458
,, leucoryx
295
Pigmy Hippopotamus .
45i
Ounce .
S01
Pir Panjal Markhor
359
Ovibos moschalus .
35i
Polar Bear . . ; .
509
,, ,, I y pic its
352
Potamochosrus charopotannts '
455
,, ,, wardi
352
,, porcus
455
Ovis amnion
396
Prongbuck or Prong-horn
116
,, ,, hodgsoni
397
Przewalski's Gazelle
240
,, ,, hitmei
402
Psendois nahura .
385
,, ,, karelini
402
Puku ....
209
,, , ,, liltledalei .
402
,, Loder's . . .
20S
,, ,, mongolica .
401
Puma ....
503
, , , , nigrimontana
403
Punjab Urial
409
, , ,, poli .
404
Pyrenean Ibex
379
, , , , saifensis .
401
,, ,, slorcki
396
Rangifer tarandus
83
,, ,, typica
399
. , , , arcticus
84
,, aries
416
,, ,, caribou
84
,, canadensis
389
, , , , f amicus
• 84
,, ,,< borealis
395
, , , , grant i
85
,, ,, dalli
392
, , , , gra-nlandicus
85
,, ,, fannini
392
,, ,, montamts
85
, , , , nelsoni
389
,, ,, osborni
• 85
, , , , nivicola
394
,, ,, pearsoni .
84
,, ,, stonei .
393
,, ,, pearyi
• 83
,, ,, typica .
390
,, ,, sibiricits .
. S4
,, musimon
414
,, ,, stonei
• 85
,, orient 'alt's
. 411
,, , , terrce-novce
• 85
,, ,, erskinei .
413
,, 5) typicits
. 84
,, ,, ginelini .
412
Red Deer . . ' .
1
,, ,, typica
• 4"
,, ,, Ancient British and Iris
h
11
,, vignei .
• 407
. ,, ,, ,, Continental
■ 27
,, ,, arkal
. 410
,, ,, Carpathian .
15
,, ,, cycloceros
• 409
,, ,, Corsican
2
, , , , punjabiensis
■ 409
,, ,, Eastern or Maral
. 28
,, ,, typica
. 40S
,, ,, Irish
,, ,, New Zealand
8
12
Pala ....
. 226
■ ,, ,, North African
• 3i
,, Angola .
• 230
,, ,, Norwegian
• 15
,, Nyasa .
• 230
,, Park .
10
Pallas's Tur .
• 384
,, ,, Scottish
3
Pamir Argali
• 404
,, ,, Spanish
14
Pampas Deer
no
,, ,, West of England
9
Pantholops hodgsoni
■ 233
Red Duiker .
. 163
Para ....
• 72
Red-flanked Duiker
. 166
2 M
53°
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
PAGE
PAGE
Red-fronted Gazelle
. 260
Rupicapra tragus ornata . . .336
Red Lynx ....
• 505
,, ,, parva
336
,, River- Hog
• 455
,, , , pyrenaica
336
,, Sheep ....
. 411
Rusa Deer
. 68
Redunca arundinum
• 213
, , , , occidentalis
. 214
Sable Antelope
280
,, fulvorufula
. 216
Saiar Argali .
401
, , ,, chanleri
. 217
Saiga .
231
, , ,, subalpina
. 216
Saiga tatarica
231
,, reditnca .
. 219
Saikik Gazelle
• 243
,, ,, bohor .
. 221
Sakin .
367
,, ,, cottoni
. 221
Salt's Dik-dik
169
,, ,, nigeriensis .
. 220
Sambar
. 61
,, ,, typica
. 220
,, Basilan
67
,, ,, wanti
223
, , Eormosan
66
Reedbuck ....
• 213
,, Indian
62
,, Bohor .
. 219
,, Luzon
67
,, Eastern
. 217
,, Malay
65
,, Mountain
. 2l6
,, Sze-chuan
67
Reeves's Muntjac .
. 82
Sassaby
148
Reindeer ....
• 83
Schomburgk's Deer
57
Rhaphiceros cam pest ris .
. 182
Sclater's Muntjac .
81
, , , , capricomis
. 182
Scottish Red Deer
3
, , , , neumanni
. 182
Senegal Hartebeest
137
,, melanotis .
• 185
Senegambian Eland
332
,, sharpei
. 184
Serow .
343
, , , , colonicus
Rhebok ....
. 184
211, 2l6
, , Japanese .
,, White-maned
342
346
Rhim
■ 257
Shapo .
407
Rhinoceros, Black
. 466
Sharpe's Steinbok
184
,, Great Indian
. 462
Sheep, Argali
396
,, Javan
• 464
, , Barbary
387
,, Sumatran .
• 465
, , Bighorn .
389
,, White or Burchell's
• 472
,, Blue
385
Rhinoceros bicornis
. 466
Shou
37
,, , , holmwoodi
. 468
Siberian Argali
399
, , , , somaliensis
. 468
,, Elephant
487
,, si/mis .
• 472
Sig . . .
123
,, ,, cottoni
. 472
Sika Deer
49
,, sondaicus
• 464
, , Formosan
5i
,, sumatrensis .
• 465
,, Japanese
5o
,, ,, lasiotis
• 465
,, Manchurian .
5o
,, unicornis
. 462
,, Pekin .
52
Rhodesian Defassa
• 195
Sikhim Stag
37
Roan Antelope
. 284
Sinaitic Ibex
^
375
Rocky Mountain Bighorn
• 390
Sind Wild Goat .
377
,, ,, Goat .
• 349
Sing-sing
195
,, ,, Wapiti
. 40
Situtunga
312
Roebuck, Asiatic .
• 94
, , Western
315
,, European
. 92
Sloth-Bear .
509
,, Manchurian .
• 94
Snow-Leopard
501
Rooi Rhebok
. 216
Scemmerring's Gazelle
269
Rupicap?-a tragus
• 335
Somali Dik-diks .
170
,, ,, asiatica
• 336
,, Gazelles
253
,, ,, caucasica
• 336
,, Giraffe
114
INDEX OF SPECIES AND RACES
53i
Spanish Ibex
,, Red Deer
Speke's Gazelle
Spotted Hyaena
Springbuck .
Steinbock
Steinbok
,, Sharpens
Strepsiceros capensis
, , ,, ch°r
» _ typ>
, , imberbis
Striped Hysena
Suleman Markhor
Sumatran Rhinoceros
,, Serow
Suni
,, Livingstone's
Sus barbatus
, , cristatus
, , scrofa
, , , , attila
Swamp-Deer
Swayne's Dik-dik
,, Hartebeest
Syrian Bear .
Sze-chuan Sambar
„ Takin .
Tahr
, , Arabian
, , Nilgiri .
Takin .
,, Bhutan
,, Sze-chuan .
Taurotragus derbianus
oryx
livingstonei
pattersonianus
,, ,, selousi
Tenasserim Muntjac
Tetraceros quadricornis
Thamin
Thomson's Gazelle
Thorold's Deer
Tiang .
Tibetan Antelope .
,, Argali .
,, Gazelle
, , Lynx
Tien Shan Wapiti
Tiger .
Topi
Tora Hartebeest .
379
Tragelaphus angasi
• 308
14
,, buxtotii
• 31°
253
,, scriptus
• 303
507
,, ,, bor
• 30°
275
,, ,, decula .
• 307
370
,, ,, ' detainer ei
• 307
182
,, fasciatus
• 3°7
184
,, masaicus
• 305
316
,, ,, meneliki
• 304
319
,, ,, multicolor
• 3°7
3i7
,, powelli
• 304
321
,, ,, roualeyni
• 304
507
n ,, sylvaticus
• 304
365
,, j) typicus .
• 305
465
,, spekei
• 312
343
,, albonotatus
• 3i3
179
„ gratus .
• 3i5
180
,, ,, selousi
• 3i3
453
,, >j typicus
• 313
453
Tsaine .
• 445
452
Tur, Eastern
• 383
452
,, Pallas's
• 384
54
,, Western
• 381
170
123
Udad
• 387
508
Uganda Defassa .
• 194
67
Kob
. 204
348
Urial . .
. 407
,, Afghan and Punjab
■ 409
353
,, Kopet Dagh
. 410
355
,, Ladak
. 408
356
Ursus aniericanus
• 5°9
347
,, arctus
• 508
347
,, ,, crowtheri .
• 509
348
,, ,, dalli
• 508
331
,, ,, isabellinus
• 508
332
,, ,, kidderi
• 509
325
,, ,, middendorffi
. • 508
326
,, ,, piscator
• 508
32S
,, syriacus .
• 508
330
,, yesoensis .
• 508
80
,, horribilis .
• 509
300
,, ,, leuconyx
• 5°9
5'8
,, richardsoni .
• 5°9
263
,, japonicus .
• 509
38
,, malayanus .
• 5°9
139
,, maritimus .
• 509
233
,, ornatus
• 509
397
,, pruinosus
• 509
238
,, spelaus
■ 509
504
,, torqiiatus
• 509
45
493
Vaal Rhebok
. 211
141
Vaughan's Kob
. 206
121
Virginian Deer
. IOI
532
RECORDS OF BIG GAME
Wala .
Wallachian Sheep
Waller's Gazelle
Walrus
Wapiti
, , Bactrian
,, Baikal
,, Luehdorfs
,, Manchurian
,, Obi.
,, Rocky Mountain
,, Tien Shan
,, West American
Ward's Ibex
,, Musk-Ox
,, Reedbuck
Wart-Hog .
Waterbuck .
, , Defassa
West African Bushbuck
,, Duiker
West American Wapiti
, , of England Red Deer
Western Defassa .
,, Hartebeest
,, Kob
Tur
372
417
278
513
39
47
47
48
48
48
40
45
44
367
352
223
457
188
191
305
166
44
9
195
119
202
381
White-bearded Brindled Gnu
154
White Bighorn
392
White-eared Kob .
206
White-maned Serow
346
White Oryx .
296
,, Rhinoceros
472
White-tail, Mexican
103
White-tailed Deer
IOI
,, Gnu .
156
Wild Boar .
452
,, Goat .
376
Wildebeest, Black
156
Blue .
150
, , Nyasa
152
,, White-bearded
154
White-tailed
156
Wood-Brocket
in
Yak 436
Yarkand Gazelle ..... 244
Stag . . . . . 35
Yellow-backed Duiker . . . .165
Zanzibar Suni . . . . .179
Zebra-Antelope ..... 164
Zeren .
241
THE END
Printed by R. & R. Clark, Limited, Edinburgh.
ROWLAND WARD, l™,
NATURALISTS
J6\? Special appointment to 1fots /llbajests tbe Iking
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sington, 1888.
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Antwerp, 1907.
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The Sportsman's Handbook to Collecting, Preserving, and Setting up of
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The Great and Small Game of India, Burma, and Tibet. By R. Lydekker.
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The Great and Small Game of Europe, Western and Northern Asia, and
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Price £4 : 4s. net.
The Great and Small Game of Africa. With Fifteen Hand-coloured Plates of Heads,
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Sport in Somaliland. By Count Joseph Potocki. With a Coloured Frontispiece, Fifty-
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Travel and Adventure in South = East Africa. By F. C. Selous. With numerous
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Elephant Hunting in East Equatorial Africa. By A. H. Neumann. With Illustra-
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Seventeen Trips through Somaliland and a Visit' to Abyssinia. With
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Through the Highlands of Siberia. By Lt.-Col. H. G. C. Swayne, R.E. With Sixty
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Nature Portraits : Studies with Pen and Camera of Wild Birds, Animals, Fish, and Insects.
Text by the Editor of " Country Life in America."' With Fifteen Large Plates, and many
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American Animals. A Popular Guide to the Mammals of North America, North of Mexico.
By W. Stone and W. E. Cram. With numerous Illustrations. Price 12s. 6d. net.
The Qeese of Europe and Asia. Being the Description of most of those inhabiting the Old
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Big Game Shooting in Alaska. By Capt. C. R. E. Radclyffe (Reserve of Officers, late
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Elephant and Seladang Hunting in the Federated Malay States. By Theodore
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The Game Animals of India, Burma, Malaya, and Tibet. Being a New
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A Trip to Pilawin. The Deer Park of Count Joseph Potocki in Volhynia, Russia. By
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The Game Animals of Africa. Being a Revised Edition of "The Great and Small Game
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Big Game Shooting in Cooch Behar. By H.H. The Maharajah of Cooch Behar.
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Sport in the Eastern Sudan. By W. B. Cotton (Indian Civil Service). With Map.
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The Sportsman's British Bird Book. By R. Lydekker. 345 Illustrations. 30s. net.
Sport and Travel— East and West. By F. C. Selous. Price 12s. 6d. net.
With Rifle in Five Continents. By Paul Niedieck. With Two Hundred and Six
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London: ROWLAND WARD, Limited
"THE JUNGLE," 167 PICCADILLY
GREAT GAME SHOOTING AND
PRACTICAL TAXIDERMY
Post &vo, bound in leatJier. Price 2,s- 6d. net.
ROWLAND WARD'S
SPORTSMAN'S HANDBOOK
TO PRACTICAL COLLECTING, PRESERVING, AND
ARTISTIC SETTING-UP OF TROPHIES AND SPECIMENS
WITH MANY ILLUSTRATIONS
I
" With this in his portmanteau, no one fond of shooting and collecting need
any longer lament his inability to preserve his trophies, since the directions
o-iven 'for skinning and preserving animals of all kinds are extremely clear and
simple, and rendered all the more intelligible by the wood engravings by which
they are accompanied. Quadrupeds, birds, fishes, reptiles, and insects are all
dealt with in turns, and directions given not merely for skinning them, but also
for mounting them, if desired, a year or two (it may be) after they have been
procured . ' ' — Field.
ROWLAND WARD, limited
"THE JUNGLE," 167 PICCADILLY
LONDON
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RECORDS OF BIG GAME.
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