Records of the
Scottish Volunteer Force
Records of the
Scottish Volunteer Force
1859-1908
Major-General J. M. GRIERSON,
C.V.O., C.B., C.M.G.
COMMANDING THE FIRST DIVISION OF THE ARMY,
ALDERSHOT COMMAND
William Blackwood and Sons
Edinburgh and London
1909
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
*s>
•V
A
PREFACE.
These "Records" are designed as a contribution to
the military annals of Scotland — to " the warlike
repute of our history." It is true that the records
of the volunteer army cover — with the exception of
their services, mostly in small bodies attached to
regular units, during the war in South Africa — no
ground of warlike exploits, yet they spread over nigh
upon half a century of the national life, and that, too,
a period in which the regular forces of the Crown have
been placed upon an entirely new basis, and converted
from a long-service army of the old type into a short-
service, largely territorialised force, with distinct local
associations, and with an ever and ever increasing
connection with the second line or auxiliary forces of
the nation. To this connection, to this increase of
the power of the forces of the Crown, to this national
— as distinguished from purely professional — military
spirit, no factor has been more potent than the
" volunteer movement," and in no part of His Majesty's
dominions has the movement been more enthusiastically
taken up — and maintained — than in the northern
portion of the United Kingdom. The Scottish volun-
teers have proved by the large proportion which their
numbers have always borne to the male population,
by the high degree of efficiency to which they have
attained, as attested by the Royal approbation fre-
418369
vi Preface.
quently bestowed upon them, and by the generous
support which they have afforded in times of stress
to their national regular regiments, that the old war-
like spirit runs as high as ever in Scotland, and their
chronicles cannot therefore fail to be of interest to all
patriotic Scots.
The present seems a peculiarly appropriate time
when some record of the origin and history of the
force should be compiled, as, firstly, its character and
organisation have been changed and it has furnished
the cadres for the territorial army of the future ; and
secondly, in a few years' time any attempt to arrive
at data as to the earliest formations of the volunteer
corps would be in vain. From the list appended to
this Preface it will be seen how few are the efforts
which have been made to commit to paper the histories
of volunteer corps ; indeed in the earlier days no records
at all were kept in most cases. Nowadays, therefore,
the bare facts disclosed by a study of army lists and
other official documents can generally be only amplified
by the personal recollections of those who took part
in the movement in its early days. Those men are
now passing away from among us, and with them their
knowledge will be buried in the grave ; so it becomes
a pious military duty to collect as much as possible
of what they have to tell and to record it in a per-
manent form.
In Part I. of these " Records " an attempt is made
to give a general sketch of the rise and progress of
the volunteer movement with special reference to
Scotland. The bulk of this portion is of necessity
derived from official documents, returns, army orders,
manuals, regulations, and reports of commissions, but
special attention has been paid to accounts of the three
great reviews of Scottish volunteers held by her late
Preface. vii
Majesty Queen Victoria in 1860 and 1881, and by his
present Majesty in 1905, as typical of the state of the
force at these periods, and general details as to the
force have been summarised in the Appendices. Part
II. must be read in connection with Part I., as the
general account in the latter is common to all the
individual records of corps in the former.
Deprived of the details of organisation, training,
equipment, and historical gatherings, collected together
in Part I. and the Appendices, the individual records
of corps reduce themselves to summaries of their special
origin, formation, uniform, changes in strength and
distribution, the numbers supplied for active service,
and the names of their commanding officers. Some
records, where published histories or private memor-
anda were obtainable, are fuller than others, but, in
all, every available source of information has been
utilised. The Plates showing the uniforms have
been drawn by me from authentic sources, mostly
original photographs, and the colouring is taken either
from official descriptions or, in the case of many of
the older types, from statements made by those who
have worn the uniform depicted, or, in a few cases,
from the actual garments then worn, and in no case
has any attempt been made to reproduce a uniform
from unauthenticated data. It is hoped, therefore,
that the Plates showing the uniforms are as near
absolute accuracy as is possible.
I have been assisted in the preparation of these
" Records " by very many members of the Scottish
volunteer force and others, but by none more effectu-
ally than by my valued friend Major - General Sir
Alexander J. F. Reid, K.C.B., whose efforts at un-
earthing old records have been untiring. My grateful
thanks are also due to the following, who have furnished
viii Preface.
information, lent photographs, or otherwise helped in
the work : —
Alexander, Captain A. C. B., Seaforth Highlanders, Adjutant 2nd
V.B. K.O. Scottish Borderers.
Alston, J. Carfrae, Esq., late Major 1st Lanark V.E.C.
Anstruther, Colonel Sir E. W., Bart., 6th V.B. Black Watch.
Arbuthnot, Major K. W., Seaforth Highlanders, Adjutant 1st
V.B. Seaforth Highlanders.
Bailey, Colonel R, late K.A. and 1st Orkney E.G.A.(V.)
Baillie, Colonel J. E. B., M.V.O., V.D., Highland E.G.A.(V.)
Balfour, E. E., Esq., Montrose.
Batchelor, Lieut. -Colonel C, V.D., 3rd V.B. Black Watch.
Birrell, Colonel A., V.D., 5th V.B. Highland Light Infantry.
Black, Sergeant E. E., 6th V.B. Eoyal Scots, Penicuik.
Brade, E. H., Esq., C.B., Assistant Secretary, War Office.
Breadalbane, Colonel the Marquess of, KG., A.D.C., 5th V.B.
Black Watch.
Brock, Lieut.-Colonel H., V.D., 1st Dumbarton V.E.C.
Browne, Thomas, Esq., late 5th Fife E.V., St Andrews.
Campbell, Colonel C. G. P., 1st Argyll and Bute E.G.A.(V.)
Campbell, Captain D. F., D.S.O., Lancashire Fusiliers, Adjutant
2nd V.B. Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.
Campbell, Colonel F., late 1st Argyll and Bute E.G.A.(V.)
Campbell, the late John, Esq. of Kilberry, late 93rd Highlanders.
Campbell, Captain (hon. major) J., 1st V.B. Cameron High-
landers.
Cary, A. D. L., Esq., War Office.
Chalmers, Colonel H. D. D., 2nd V.B. Highland Light Infantry.
Chinn, Major J. H., Eoyal Artillery, Adjutant 1st Banff
RG.A.(V.)
Clark, Colonel Sir J. M., Bart., V.D., oth V.B. Eoyal Scots.
Cranston, Colonel Sir E., K.C.V.O., V.D., Commanding 1st
Lothian V.I. Brigade.
Crawford, Colonel E. R, V.D., late 1st Lanark RE.(V.)
Cruden, Colonel G., V.D., late 1st V.B. Gordon Highlanders.
Dalmahoy, Colonel J. A., M. V.O., V.D., 1st Mid-Lothian RG.A.(V.)
Darling, P. Stormonth, Esq., Kelso, late Border Mounted Eifles.
Donald, Colonel A. H., V.D., late 1st Lanark V.E.C.
Duncan, Colonel D., V.D., late 1st V.B. Gordon Highlanders.
Preface. ix
Dunlop, Colonel J. W., C.B., Koyal Artillery.
Ewing, Captain (hon. major) James, V.D., late 1st V.B. Gordon
Highlanders.
Fraser, Captain (hon. major) H., 1st V.B. Cameron Highlanders.
Gibson, Captain T., 1st V.B. Cameron Highlanders.
Grant, Colonel A. B., M.V.O., V.D., late 1st Lanark E.G.A.(V.)
Hadden, Lieut-Colonel A., V.D, The Border V.E.C.
Harvey, Thomas, Esq., late Captain 1st Dumbarton V.E.C.
Henderson, Brigadier-General David, D.S.O.
Henderson, Major M. W., 8th V.B. Eoyal Scots.
Hendry, Colonel P. W., V.D., Brigade-Major Highland Light
Infantry V.I. Brigade.
Heron-Maxwell, Sir John, Bart, late 15th Hussars and 1st
Dumfries Mounted Eifles.
Hill, Lieut.-Colonel H., V.D., 1st V.B. Black Watch.
Hudleston, F. J., Esq., Librarian, General Staff, War Office.
Johnston, Colonel C. J., V.D., Hon. Colonel 3rd V.B. Seaforth
Highlanders.
Johnston, Colonel J. W., M.V.O., V.D., late 1st Fife E.G.A.(V.)
Johnston, John, Esq., Glasgow.
Kay, Captain F. W., 1st Aberdeen E.G.A.(V.)
Lennox, Lieut.-Colonel J., V.D., Galloway V.E.C.
Lockie, Captain and Quartermaster J., 1st V.B. Cameron High-
landers.
Maclnnes, Lieut.-Colonel J., V.D., late 5th V.B. Argyll and
Sutherland Highlanders.
Mackenzie, Colonel E. C, V.D., Commanding Highland Light
Infantry V.I. Brigade.
Main, Colonel E. M., V.D.,. 7th V.B. Eoyal Scots.
Mellis, Colonel W. A., V.D., 4th V.B. Gordon Highlanders.
Menzies, Colonel E., V.D., late Q.E.V.B. Eoyal Scots.
Mitford, Captain W. B. J., Gordon Highlanders, Adjutant 6th
V.B. Eoyal Scots.
Moncreiffe, Colonel Sir E. D., Bart., V.D., 4th V.B. Black Watch.
Morrison, Colonel F. L., V.D., 1st V.B. Highland Light Infantry.
Morrison, Colonel J., V.D., 1st Sutherland V.E.C.
Morton, Major D. S., late 1st V.B. Highland Light Infantry.
Muir, Captain G. W., Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders,
Adjutant 5th V.B. Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.
Munro, Lieut.-Colonel C, V.D., late 5th V.B. Black Watch.
x Preface.
Neish, Major F. H., Gordon Highlanders.
Oliver, W. H., Esq., Hawick, late Border Mounted Rifles.
Osborn, Lieut.-Colonel G., Royal Garrison Artillery.
Outram, Colonel J., V.D., 1st V.B. Highland Light Infantry.
Park, Colonel W. U., M.V.O., V.D., 1st V.B. Argyll and Suther-
land Highlanders.
Paterson, Lieut. -Colonel E., V.D., 5th V.B. Argyll and Sutherland
Highlanders.
Paul, Major W. J., 4th V.B. Scottish Rifles.
Peace, Colonel T. S., V.D., 1st Orkney R.G.A.(V.)
Ralston, Colonel T. B., V.D., 2nd V.B. Scottish Rifles.
Reid, Lieut.-Colonel J. L., 2nd V.B. Gordon Highlanders.
Rose, Colonel George, V.D., late 1st V.B. Cameron Highlanders.
Sadler, Captain B., 4th V.B. Black Watch.
Scott, Colonel R, V.D., late 3rd V.B. Gordon Highlanders.
Shaw, Lieut.-Colonel J. K, 2nd V.B. Royal Scots Fusiliers.
Shearer, Lieut-Colonel A. R., V.D., 6th V.B. Black Watch.
Singleton, Captain H. T. C, D.S.O., Highland Light Infantry,
Adjutant 5th V.B. Gordon Highlanders.
Smith, the late C. H., Esq., late Major 1st Lanark R.V.
Stansfeld, Captain J. R. E., D.S.O., Gordon Highlanders, Adjutant
3rd V.B. Gordon Highlanders.
Stevenson, Colonel J., C.B., A.D.C., late 9th Lanark V.R.C.
Stewart-Mackenzie, Colonel J. A. F. H., of Seaforth, Honorary
Colonel 1st V.B. Seaforth Highlanders.
Storrar, Colonel D., late 1st Fife R.G.A.(V), Kirkcaldy.
Stuart, Lieut.-Colonel T. R., 1st Ayr and Galloway R.G.A.(V.)
Walker, Lieutenant H. W., Royal Field Artillery.
Warrand, Colonel A. R. B., 1st V.B. Seaforth Highlanders.
Wilson, Colonel J. B., V.D., 3rd Lanark V.R.C.
Youngson, Colonel J. A. W. A., V.D., late 1st Aberdeen R.G.A.(V.)
I shall be very glad if any one will point out to me
errors in the work, or afford me any information to
supplement the records.
JAMES MONCRIEFF GRIERSON,
Major-General.
Aldershot, April 1909.
CONTENTS.
PART I.
GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF THE FORCE.
The political situation in 1859 .....
Military unpreparedness of Great Britain
Volunteer corps existing in 1859 ....
Attitude of the Government to the Volunteer movement
The War Office Circular of May 12, 1859
The second War Office Circular of May 25, 1859
The Volunteer movement taken up by the country .
The movement in Edinburgh .....
The movement in Glasgow . . . .
The third War Office Circular of July 13, 1859
Model rules for volunteer corps ....
The first Volunteer Manuals .....
County and corps precedence .....
Uniform, equipment, and small-arms ....
Progress of the force in 1859, and the Queen's first inspections of
Scottish Volunteers .....
Formation of engineers and mounted rifles
Progress of organisation early in 1860 ....
The Queen and the volunteers. The Levee, Hyde Park Review, and
National Rifle Association ....
The Royal Review in Edinburgh, August 7, 1860
The Regulations of 1861 . .
The Volunteer force in 1861-62 ....
The Royal Commission of 1862 ....
The Volunteer Act of 1863 .....
The Volunteer Regulations of 1863 ....
The force from 1863 to 1871 .
rAGE
1
8
10
13
15
17
21
22
23
27
29
31
33
37
44
51
53
55
56
56
Xll
Contents.
Transfer of the force from the Lords-Lieutenant to the Crown
1872
Territorial organisation of 1873 . . . .
Regulations of 1878. Distinctions of uniform
Re-armament of the volunteers, 1879 ....
Consolidation of the administrative brigades and battalions, 1880
Reorganisation into territorial regiments of the infantry in 1881
New conditions of efficiency, 1881 ....
The " Coming of Age Review " by Her Majesty, 25th August 1881
Strength of the force in 1881 .
1882 to 1886
Submarine miners
Increase of the capitation grant in 1887
Honorary rank for officers
Formation of the Volunteer Medical Staff Corps, 1887
1888-90. Formation of volunteer infantry brigades .
Formation of position batteries, 1889 .
Cyclist sections and mounted infantry .
1890 to 1900 ....
Grants for equipment .
Improvement of financial position of corps
Camp allowances
Increased demands for efficiency
Limitation of periods of command
Outfit allowance for officers
Rewards for service in the volunteers. The Volunteer Decoration
and Volunteer Long Service Medal
The Queen's Diamond Jubilee, 1897
1900 to 1902 ....
Volunteer service companies of infantry
Special service sections of Engineer Volunteers
Special service of the Medical Staff Corps and Bearer Companies
Special service of other branches .
The contributions of the Scottish volunteers towards the South
African War .....
Increase of establishment and strength of the force .
Higher organisation .....
Emergency camps in 1900 ....
Increased demands for efficiency, 1902 .
Increase in camp allowances in 1901
Capitation allowances in 1902 ....
The force in 1903-1905 . . . . .
The Royal Review by His Majesty, September 18, 1905
1906-1908
The Scottish Volunteer Force in 1907 .
58
59
61
64
65
65
67
71
72
79
79
80
80
81
81
82
85
87
87
88
90
90
90
91
91
94
94
95
95
98
101
101
103
104
105
106
114
116
Contents.
PAET II.
RECORDS OF THE SEVERAL CORPS WHICH HAVE CONSTITUTED
THE SCOTTISH VOLUNTEER FORCE, 1859-1908.
notes common to all arms . . . . . .119
Light Horse.
1st fife light horse (1860-1901) ..... 119
1st forfar light horse (1876-1901). . . . .121
Mounted Rifles.
1st elgin mounted rifles (1869-1871) .... 122
1st roxburgh (the border) mounted rifles (1872-1892) . . 122
1ST DUMFRIES MOUNTED RIFLES (1874-1880) . . . .124
Royal Garrison Artillery Volunteers,
notes common to all the corps . . . . .126
1st edinburgh (city) . . . . . . .128
1st mid-lothian . . . . . . .130
1ST BANFF . . . . . . . . 133
1st forfarshire . . . . . . .135
1st renfrew and dumbarton . . . . .138
1st fifeshire ........ 140
1st lanarkshire . . . . . . .143
1st ayrshire and galloway . . . . . .146
1st argyll and bute . . . . . . . 149
1st caithness . . . . .'..'. . . 152
1st aberdeenshire . . . . . . .154
1st berwickshire . . . . . . .159
the highland . . . . . . . . 160
1st orkney ........ 163
Royal Engineer Volunteers.
1st lanarkshire . . . . . . .166
1st edinburgh city (1860-1865) . . . . .169
1st aberdeenshire . . . . . . . 170
2nd lanarkshire . . . . . . .172
Electrical Engineers,
the clyde division . . . . . . .173
the forth division , . . . . . .174
the tay division, submarine miners (1888-1907) . . .175
Volunteer Battalions of Territorial Regiments,
notes common to all corps . . . . .176
the queen's rifle volunteer brigade, the royal scots . .177
Contents.
4th volunteer battalion, the royal scots
5th ti ii M n
6th ii ii ii ii
7th ii ti ii ii
8th ii it ii it
9th
8th
1st
2nd
1st
2nd
VOLUNTEER BATTALION (HIGHLANDERS), THE ROYAL SCOTS
(SCOTTISH) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE KING'S (LIVERPOOL
REGIMENT) .......
VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE ROYAL SCOTS FUSILIERS
ROXBURGH AND SELKIRK (THE BORDER) V.R.C.
(BERWICKSHIRE) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE KING'S OWN SCOT-
TISH BORDERERS
(DUMFRIES) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE KING'S OWN SCOTTISH
BORDERERS .......
GALLOWAY V.R.C. .
LANARKSHIRE V.R.C.
VOLUNTEER BATTALION, SCOTTISH RIFLES
LANARKSHIRE V.R.C. . . . . .
VOLUNTEER BATTALION, SCOTTISH RIFLES .
., ,. „ ii (1862-97)
(CITY OF DUNDEE) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE BLACK WATCH
(ANGUS) ii
(DUNDEE HIGHLAND) it
(PERTHSHIRE) n
(PERTHSHIRE HIGHLAND) n
(FIFESHIRE) ii
VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY
ii ti it ii ii (INCLUD-
ING 5TH LANARK R.V.C., 1861-1873)
LANARKSHIRE R.V.C.
(GLASGOW HIGHLAND) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE HIGHLAND
LIGHT INFANTRY
(ROSS HIGHLAND) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, SEAFORTH HIGH'
LANDERS .....
SUTHERLAND (SUTHERLAND HIGHLAND) V.R.C.
(MORAYSHIRE) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, SEAFORTH HIGHLANDERS
VOLUNTEER BATTALION, GORDON HIGHLANDERS .
3RD (BUCHAN) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, GORDON HIGHLANDERS
4TH (DONSIDE HIGHLAND) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, GORDON HIGH
LANDERS
5TH (DEESIDE HIGHLAND) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, GORDON HIGH-
LANDERS ......
6TH VOLUNTEER BATTALION, GORDON HIGHLANDERS .
7TH tt it ,, „
1ST VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE CAMERON HIGHLANDERS
THE
1ST
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
1st
2nd
3rd
9th
5th
1st
3rd
1st
2ND
185
187
190
193
196
198
200
201
204
206
211
214
217
237
240
242
245
247
251
254
257
262
265
270
276
278
291
294
301
305
307
308
Contents. xv
1ST (RENFREWSHIRE) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, ARGYLL AND SUTHER-
LAND HIGHLANDERS . . . . . .312
2ND (RENFREWSHIRE) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, ARGYLL AND SUTHER-
LAND HIGHLANDERS . . . . . .315
3RD (RENFREWSHIRE) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, ARGYLL AND SUTHER-
LAND HIGHLANDERS . . . . . .317
4TH (STIRLINGSHIRE) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, ARGYLL AND SUTHER-
LAND HIGHLANDERS ...... 320
5TH VOLUNTEER BATTALION, ARGYLL AND SUTHERLAND HIGHLANDERS 323
1ST DUMBARTONSHIRE V.R.C. ...... 328
7TH (CLACKMANNAN AND KINROSS) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, ARGYLL
AND SUTHERLAND HIGHLANDERS ..... 332
7TH MIDDLESEX (LONDON SCOTTISH) V.R.C. . . . . 336
ARMY SERVICE CORPS (VOLUNTEERS) ..... 341
ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS (VOLUNTEERS) .... 343
EDINBURGH COMPANY ...... 343
ABERDEEN COMPANIES ...... 344
GLASGOW COMPANIES . . . . . . 344
BEARER COMPANIES ...... 345
APPENDICES.
A. LIST OF RIFLE CORPS FORMED IN THE COUNTY OF ABERDEEN . 346
B. LIST OF RIFLE CORPS FORMED IN THE COUNTY OF FORFAR . 347
C. LIST OF RIFLE CORPS FORMED IN THE COUNTY OF LANARK . 348
D. LIST OF RIFLE CORPS FORMED IN THE COUNTY OF RENFREW . 350
E. ENROLLED STRENGTH OF THE SCOTTISH VOLUNTEER FORCE ON THE
1ST OF APRIL 1862 . . . . . .351
F. RETURN OF THE SCOTTISH VOLUNTEER CORPS FOR THE YEAR 1881 355
G. ESTABLISHMENTS OF THE UNITS OF THE . VOLUNTEER FORCE IN
SCOTLAND FOR 1907-1908 . . . . . .358
h. return of the scottish volunteer corps for the year 1907 364
i. establishments and strength of the scottish volunteer
force, 1880 to 1907 ...... 367
j. table showing the units op the territorial army into
which those of the scottish volunteer force were con-
VERTED ON OR AFTER 1ST APRIL 1908 . . . 369
LIST OF PLATES OF UNIFOEMS.
OPP. PACK
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
XX.
XXII.
xxni.
XXIV.
1ST FIFE AND 1ST FORFAR LIGHT HORSE ; 1ST DUMFRIES
AND BORDER MOUNTED RIFLES
1ST EDINBURGH CITY AND 1ST MID-LOTHIAN R.G.A.V. .
1ST BANFF AND 1ST FORFAR R.G.A.V. .
1ST RENFREW AND DUMBARTON AND 1ST FIFE R.G.A.V.
1ST LANARK, 1ST AYR AND GALLOWAY, AND 1ST ARGYLL
AND BUTE R.G.A.V. .....
1ST CAITHNESS, 1ST ABERDEEN, AND 1ST BERWICK R.G.A.V.
THE HIGHLAND AND 1ST ORKNEY R.G.A.V.
1ST LANARK R.E.V. .....
1ST ABERDEEN AND 2ND LANARK R.E.V.
QUEEN'S RIFLE VOLUNTEER BRIGADE, ROYAL SCOTS
4TH AND 9TH VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS, ROYAL SCOTS, AND 8TH
VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE KING'S (LIVERPOOL) REGIMENT
5TH VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE ROYAL SCOTS
6TH VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE ROYAL SCOTS
7TH AND 8TH VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS THE ROYAL SCOTS
1ST AND 2ND VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS ROYAL SCOTS FUSILIERS
BORDER VOLUNTEER RIFLE CORPS
2ND VOLUNTEER BATTALION KING'S OWN SCOTTISH BORDERERS
3RD VOLUNTEER BATTALION KING'S OWN SCOTTISH BORDERERS
GALLOWAY VOLUNTEER RIFLE CORPS
1ST LANARK VOLUNTEER RIFLE CORPS .
2ND VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE SCOTTISH RIFLES, AND 3RD
LANARK VOLUNTEER RIFLE CORPS
4TH VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE SCOTTISH RIFLES
5TH VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE SCOTTISH RIFLES
1ST VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE ROYAL HIGHLANDERS
120
128
134
138
144
154
160
166
170
178
186
188
190
194
212
214
218
220
234
238
240
xviii List of Plates of Uniforms.
xxv. 2nd and 3rd volunteer battalions the royal high-
landers . . . .
XXVI. 4th and 5th volunteer battalions the royal high-
landers .......
xxvii. 6th volunteer battalion the royal highlanders
xxviii. 1st volunteer battalion the highland light infantry
xxix. 2nd volunteer battalion the highland light infantry
xxx. 3rd volunteer battalion the highland light
fantry, and 5th lanark (1861-1873) r.v.c.
xxxi. 9th lanark volunteer rifle corps, and 5th volunteer
battalion the highland light infantry
xxxii. 1st volunteer battalion seaforth highlanders
xxxiii. 1st sutherland volunteer rifle corps .
xxxiv. 3rd volunteer battalion seaforth highlanders
xxxv. 1st volunteer battalion gordon highlanders.
xxxvi. 2nd and 5th volunteer battalions gordon high-
LANDERS . . .
XXXVII. 3RD VOLUNTEER BATTALION GORDON HIGHLANDERS
XXXVIII. 4TH VOLUNTEER BATTALION GORDON HIGHLANDERS
XXXIX. 6TH AND 7TH VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS GORDON HIGH-
LANDERS ......
XL. 1ST VOLUNTEER BATTALION CAMERON HIGHLANDERS
XLI. 1ST AND 2ND VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS ARGYLL AND SUTHER-
LAND HIGHLANDERS ....
XLII. 3RD AND 4TH VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS ARGYLL AND SUTHER-
LAND HIGHLANDERS ....
XLIII. 5TH VOLUNTEER BATTALION ARGYLL AND SUTHERLAND
HIGHLANDERS .....
XLIV. 1ST DUMBARTON VOLUNTEER RIFLE CORPS .
XLV. 7TH VOLUNTEER BATTALION ARGYLL AND SUTHERLAND
HIGHLANDERS .....
XLVI. 7TH MIDDLESEX (LONDON SCOTTISH) VOLUNTEER RIFLE
CORPS ......
XLVII. ARMY SERVICE CORPS VOLUNTEERS AND ROYAL ARMY
MEDICAL CORPS VOLUNTEERS
248
254
258
262
270
276
278
284
306
310
314
318
324
328
332
336
342
LIST OF WOKKS, Ac, CONSULTED.
Monthly Army Lists, 1859 to date.
' Narrative of the Royal Scottish Volunteer Review in Holyrood Park on
the 7th August I860.' By E. R. Vernon. Edinburgh : W. P. Nimmo,
1860.
Files of the ' Scotsman ' and ' Glasgow Herald,'" 1860 and 1881.
'History of Defensive Organisation.' By John Crawford, Captain, late
19th Lanark R.V. Glasgow : David Robertson & Co., 1878.
1 History of the Volunteer Infantry.' By R. P. Berry, late Lieutenant 6th
West York R.V. Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., Limited,
1903.
Painting of "The Glasgow Volunteers, 1861-63." By Thomas Robertson,
W.S.A., 1863, in the possession of Lieut. -Colonel R. Patterson, V.D.,
5th V.B. Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, 8 Clairmont Gardens,
Glasgow.
'History of the Fife Light Horse.' By Colonel Anstruther Thomson.
Edinburgh : William Blackwood & Sons, 1892.
' History of the Queen's Edinburgh Rifle Volunteer Brigade.' By William
Stephen. Edinburgh : William Blackwood & Sons, 1881.
Bazaar Handbook of the Hawick Volunteers.' 1902.
' History of Galashiels.' By Robert Hall. Galashiels : Alexander Walker
& Son, 1898.
' History of the 1st Lanark Rifle Volunteers.' By David Howie. Glasgow :
David Robertson & Co., 1887.
' History of the 7th Lanark Rifle Volunteers.' By Captain James Orr, late
R.E., and Adjutant of the Battalion. Glasgow : Robert Anderson,
22 Ann Street. 1884.
'History of the 1st Volunteer Battalion Highland Light Infantry' (written
for their bazaar). 1891.
' The 1st Lanark Rifles Gazette.'
' The Pibroch ' (Glasgow Highlanders' Annual Record).
xx List of Works, &c, Consulted.
1 Sutherland and the Reay Country.' By the Rev. Adam Gunn, M.A., and
John Mackay. Glasgow : 'Celtic Monthly' Office, 1897.
' History of the 3rd Volunteer Battalion, Seaforth Highlanders, 1860-1906.'
Elgin : ' Northern Scot ' Office, 1906.
'History of the Aberdeen Volunteers.' By Donald Sinclair, Solicitor,
Aberdeen. 'Aberdeen Daily Journal' Office, 1907.
' Records of the 3rd (The Buchan) Volunteer Battalion, Gordon Highlanders.'
By Captain and Hon. Major James Ferguson. Peterhead : David
Scott, 1894.
' Records of the 5th (Deeside Highland) Volunteer Battalion, Gordon High-
landers.' Compiled by Major P. L. Davidson. Printed for private
circulation, 1898.
'History of the Volunteers of Clackmannan and Kinross.' By Surgeon-
Captain E. E. Dyer, 7th V.B. Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders. Alva :
Robert Cunningham, 1907.
' The London Scottish Regimental Gazette.'
' The Royal Review,' special number of ' The Scottish Review.' September
14, 1905.
' Historical Sketch of the 4th (Perthshire) Volunteer Battalion, The Black
Watch.' By Captain G. D. Pullar. Edinburgh: Hillside Printing
Works, 1907.
'A Military History of Perthshire, 1660-1902.' Edited by the Marchioness
of Tullibardine. Perth : R. A. & J. Hay, 1908.
LIST OF SUBSCEIBEKS.
Adam, Arthur, V.D., Lieut-Col. (retired), 5th V.B.RS.
Aitken, Arthur Campbell, Lieut., 9th V.B.RS.
Anderson, C. W., Major, 4th Bn. K.O.S.B.
Anderson, D. P., 2nd Lieut., 8th Bn. S.R.
Anderson, Wm, & Sons, Military Outfitters.
Anstruther, Sir Ealph, Bart., Colonel commanding late 6th V.B.
Black Watch (E.H.)
Arrol, A. Theodore, Esq.
Arthur, David S., Captain, 8th Bn. S.E.
Atkinson, Herbert E., late Sergeant, London Scottish.
Auld, William, Major, 1st L.E.V.
Barnett, Hugh, V.D., Major and Hon. Lieut.-Col., 1st V.B.RS.F.,
now 4th Bn. RS.F.
Beatson, Sir George Thomas, K.C.B., M.D., Colonel, RA.M.C.
(Territorial).
Bennett, Alex. J. M., Captain and Hon. Major, 8th Bn. A. & S.H.
Bennett, Robt. J., Lieut.-Col. commanding 1st L.A.V.
Bethune, H. A., Major, 7th Bn. Black Watch.
Birrell, A., Colonel, 9th Bn. H.L.I.
Blackwood, William, formerly Lieut. 1st Artisan Coy. Q.E.V.B.
Broadfoot, Wm. R, V.D., Colonel (retired), 1st L.E.E.
Brock, H., Colonel, 9th Bn. A. & S.H.
Burns-Macdonald, Arch., Captain, 9th Argyllshire RV. (1860).
Cadell, Henry M., V.D., Lieut.-Col. and Hon. Col., lately com-
manding Forth Division E.E., Submarine Miners.
Campbell, John, Major, 4th Q.O.C.H.
Campbell, M. Pearce, Captain and Hon. Major (retired), 1st L.E.V.
xxii List of Subscribers.
Campbell, Mrs.
Campbeltown Free Library.
Cargill, John T., Esq.
Chalmers, Hugh D. D., Colonel commanding 6th Bn. H.L.I.
Clarke, Seymour, Major, Q.O.C.H.
Cockburn, David, Major, 9th A. & S.H.
Connal, K. H. M., Major, Queen's Own Royal Glasgow.
Corsar, Charles, Captain, 1st Forfar RG.A.V.
Crawford, Euing R, V.D., Lieut.-Col. and Hon. Col., late com-
manding 1st L.R.E.V.
Cuthbert, T. W., J.P., Captain, 4th V.B. Seaforth Highlanders.
Dalmahoy, J. A., M.V.O., V.D., 1st Lowland Brigade E.F.A.
Dickson, David, Lieut.-Col., Q.RV.B.
Donald, A. H., Lieut.-Col., 1st L.R.V.
Donald, C. G., C.B., Brigadier - General, commanding Home
Counties Division.
Douglas, Bailie R. A., J.P., late Q.R.V.B.
Douglas, Eobert Jeffrey, Major, 5th Bn. S.B,
Duke, David, V.D., Captain and Hon. Major, 2nd (Angus) V.B.
The Black Watch (R.H.)
Duncan, W. V., Major, 1st V.B. The Gordon Highlanders.
Dundee Free Library.
Dunlop, J. W., C.B., Colonel, RA.
Dunlop, Thomas, Captain (retired), 1st L.RV.
Edinburgh Public Library.
Edington, George H., Captain, B.A.M.C.(T.)
Elliot, Stuart Douglas, V.D., Lieut.-Col. and Hon. Col. (retired),
4th V.B.RS.
Fergusson, James, Colonel (retired), 9th V.B.RS.
Findlay, James M., Captain, 8th Cameronians (S.R)
Fleming, William G., V.D., Colonel, 9th Bn. H.L.I.
Forsyth, R W., Limited.
Fraser, Hugh Munro, Lieut.-Col., 1st V.B. Seaforth Highlanders.
Frew, William, Surgeon-Colonel (retired), 4th V.B.RS. Fusiliers.
Garroway, John, V.D., Major, 5th V.B.S.R
Gentles, Norman, Captain, 6th V.B.S.R.
List of Subscribers. xxiii
Gilmour, Sir John, Bart., late Colonel commanding Fife and
Forfar I.Y.
Gordon, Alex., F.S.M., Captain, 3rd V.B. A. & S.H.
Graham, Balfour, V.D., F.RC.S.K, Lieut. - Col., A.M.R, and
E.A.M.C.(T.F.)
Graham, D. Runciman, V.D., Colonel, late commanding 3rd
V.B.H.L.I.
Grant, A. B., M.V.O., V.D., Colonel, late commanding 1st
L.R.G.A.V.
Grierson, John M., V.D., Major, 5th Bn. S.R.
Griffith, Sir R. Waldie, Bart., 1st Roxburgh and Selkirk V.R.C.
Haddon, And., Lieut.-Col.
Halley, George, F.R.C.S.Ed., R.A.M.C.(y)
Hamilton, His Grace the Duke of.
Hamilton, William, Esq.
Hannan, H. M., Major, 8th S.R., Brigade-Major Scot. Rifle Br.
Harvey, Thomas, late Captain 1st Dumbartonshire V.R.C. (2
copies.)
Hatrick, William Lindsay, Captain, 5th V.B.H.L.I.
Henderson, M. W., Lieut.-Col., 10th R.S.
Hendry, P. W., Colonel, Brigade-Major H.L.I.
Heys, Z. H., Lieut.-Col., 3rd V.B. A. & S.H.
Hill, G. W., Esq.
Hill, Howard, Lieut.-Col. commanding 4th Bn. R.H.
Hope, Charles, Colonel, late commanding 2nd V.B.K.O.S.B.
Hope, James A., V.D., Lieut.-Col., A.S.C.(T.)
Hopkins, Hugh, Esq. (2 copies.)
Hunter, Andrew A., Esq., late London Scottish.
Jackson, Thomas, Lieut.-Col., 7r.h L.R.V.
Johnston, Jas. W., M.V.O., V.D., Lieut.-Col. Commandant (Hon.
Col.) 1st Fifeshire R.G.A.V.
Kay, W. Martin, Major, 6th S.R.
Kennedy, Walter Philips, V.D., Major, Border Rifles.
Knight, C. A., Hon. Major, 1st V.B.H.L.T.
Laidlaw, D., Lieut. - Col. Commandant and Hon. Col. Scot.
Telegraph Coys. R.E. and 2nd Highland Field Coy. R.E.
xxiv List of Subscribers.
Lang, James, Lieut.-Col., 1st L.K.E. (for Officers' Library).
Lennox, Colonel.
Leslie, John H., Major, RA.
Lomax, S. H., Major- General.
Loudon, J. Livingstone, Surgeon-Captain, 2nd V.B.S.R.
Love, J. J., Captain, 4th Bn. R.S.F.
Lowson, James, Major, 1st L.R.V.
M'Dougal, James, Captain, 2nd V.B.K.O.S.B.
Macfie, A. L., V.D., Lieut. - Col. and Hon. Col. commanding
"Liverpool Scottish."
Mackenzie, R. C, Colonel commanding H.L.I. Brigade Territorial
Force.
Mackenzie, Stewart, of Brahan Castle, Colonel. (2 copies.)
Mackintosh, St Angus, Royal Horse Guards.
M'Niel, John, V.D., Lieut.-Col. commanding Forth and Clyde
R.G.A.
Mann, Robert M., Major, 1st L.R.V.
Marryat, Lieut.-Col., late commanding 1st Bn. Manchester Regi-
ment.
Maxwell, Warden R., Hon. Col., 8th S.R.
Mellis, Wm. A., V.D., Colonel, 6th Bn. Gordon Highlanders.
Melvill-Simons, Mrs H.
Millar, A., Hon. Major, 3rd V.B.H.L.I.
Mitchell Library, Glasgow.
Montefiore, Cecil Sebog, Major, 2nd London Divisional En-
gineers. (2 copies.)
Morrison, Fred L., Lieut.-Col., 1st V.B.H.L.I.
Morton, D. S., Lieut.-Col., 1st V.B.H.L.I.
Nicoll, P. S., Major, 5th Bn. Black Watch.
Outram, James, Colonel, 5th H.L.I.
Park, J. Smith, M.V.O., V.D., Lieut.-Col. and Hon. Col., 1st
L.R.E.V.
Paul, Thos. Alex., Colonel, later Lieut.-Col. and Hon. Col., 1st
L.R.V.
Paul, W. J., Major (retired), 4th V.B.S.R.
Pease, G. Smith, Lieut.-Col. and Hon. Col., 1st Orkney R.G.A.
List of Subscribers. xxv
Eae, Captain, Vancouver.
Reid, A. T., V.D., Lieut.-Col., late 4th V.B. Black Watch (R.H.)
Reid, James A., V.D., Hon. Col., 5th Bn. S.B.
Eobertson, H. Gordon, Major, 1st Renfrew and Dumbarton R.G.A.
Robertson, Robert, M.V.O., V.D., Colonel, late commanding 3rd
V.B. Gordon Highlanders.
Robinson, T. Eaton, Major (retired), 1st L.R.V.
Rodger, J. G., Captain and Hon. Major (retired), 1st L.R.V.
Ross, Arthur Victor, Lieut., 5th Bn. H.L.I.
Rottenburg, Fritz, Esq.
Rottenburg, Paul, Esq., LL.D.
Roxburgh, J. A., V.D., Hon. Col., Lieut.-Col. commanding 5th
Bn. S.R.
Sanderson, Arthur W., Captain, 7th Bn. R.S.
Sherriff, George, Esq.
Signet Library, Edinburgh.
Simpson, E., Colonel, 4th V.B. A. & S.H.
Smith, Fred. J., Lieut.-Col. and Hon. Col. commanding 8th Bn.
S.R.
Smith, J. Guthrie, Hon. Major (retired), 3rd V.B.H.L.I.
Smith, W. A., V.D., Lieut.-Col., 1st L.R.V.
Spencer, Miss.
Stamfield, John, Captain, Royal Scots Greys.
Stevenson, Allan, V.D., Captain and Hon. Major, 4th Bn. K.O.S.B.
Stewart, C. Murray, Captain, 6th Bn. Black Watch (R.H.)
Sutherland, Jas. B., V.D., Colonel (retired), Q.R.V.B. (R.S.)
" The Adjutant," 4th Bn. K.O.S.B.
The Prince Consort's Library, Aldershot.
Todd, G. Bell, V.D., Surgeon-Lieut.-Col., 9th H.L.I.
Tulloch, W. Forbes, Captain, 8th V.B.S.R.
University Library, King's College, Aberdeen, per P. J. Ander-
son, Esq., Librarian.
Urquhart, R., M.V.O., V.D., Colonel, 3rd V.B. Seaforth High-
landers.
Walker, H. W., Lieut., R.F.A.
Walker, James W., Captain, 1st Ayr and Galloway R.G.A.
xxvi List of Subscribers.
Walker, Miss Sophia I.
Watt, Edward W., Captain, 4th Gordon Highlanders.
Whigham, George, Lieut.-Col., Q.R.V.B.
Wilson, H. Arnold, Captain, 5th Bn. S.R.
Wilson, John B., V.D., J.P., Colonel, 7th Bn. S.R.
Wright, John P., Esq.
Wylie, James K. M., Lieut., 8th Bn. S.R
Records of the
ERRATA.
Page 183, line 18 from top, for " now " read " latterly.'
„ 276, „ 17 „ top, delete "(later buff)."
„ „ „ 22 „ top, for "white" read "blue."
„ 340, „ 4 „ foot, for " Gun " read " Green."
keep the army, on whose support the throne
depended, employed in gathering that glory of which
the French soldier has from all time been so avid.
Mainly to these reasons had been due the participation
of France in the war which, for nigh upon two years,
had raged in the East. Fresh from its victories in the
Crimea, the French army fancied itself, possibly with
right, the most powerful military instrument in Europe,
and its leaders eagerly sought for new fields wherein
xxvi List of Subscribers.
Walker, Miss Sophia I.
Watt, Edward W., Captain, 4th Gordon Highlanders.
Whigham, George, Lieut.-Col., Q.R.V.B.
Wilson, H. Arnold, Captain, 5th Bn. S.R.
Wilson, John B., V.D., J.P., Colonel, 7th Bn. S.R.
Wright, John P., Esq.
Wylie, James K. M., Lieut., 8th Bn. S.R.
Records of the
Scottish Volunteer Force.
i.
GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE ORIGIN AND
HISTORY OF THE FORCE.
The year 1859 dawned amidst the mutterings of storm-
clouds in Europe. Since the birth of the third French
Empire, the aim of its rulers had been to distract the
The oiitkai attention °f the people of France from internal
situation in affairs by an active foreign policy, and to
keep the army, on whose support the throne
depended, employed in gathering that glory of which
the French soldier has from all time been so avid.
Mainly to these reasons had been due the participation
of France in the war which, for nigh upon two years,
had raged in the East. Fresh from its victories in the
Crimea, the French army fancied itself, possibly with
right, the most powerful military instrument in Europe,
and its leaders eagerly sought for new fields wherein
2 Origin and History of the Force.
they might add to the laurels already gained against
Russia. To the rulers of France the cause of Italian
unity seemed therefore a proper field for their exploits,
and a sensation of imminent danger of war ran through
Europe when, on the 1st January 1859, at the New
Year's reception at the Tuileries, the Emperor Napoleon
III. said to the Austrian Ambassador that he regretted
that his " relations with the Austrian Government were
not so good as in the past." Mainly directed, of course,
against Austria as this threat was, it nevertheless
caused alarm in other countries, as showing the mili-
tant temper of the French Government, and nowhere
more so than in Great Britain. There had not been
wanting previous signs of a growing hostility to this
country in France, especially in the army, and all the
more so since the plot against the Emperor's life, which
had been hatched by Orsini and others in England, and
which had so nearly succeeded in its dastardly purpose.
The Emperor of the French had for some time been
strengthening his navy and pushing on the great
harbour works and fortifications of Cherbourg, and
the tone of the officially inspired French press had
gradually become extremely hostile to Great Britain.
Certain French colonels, in their congratulations to
the Emperor on his escape from assassination, had
permitted themselves to indulge in threats to cross the
Channel and plant the Imperial eagles on the Tower
of London, and these, officially published in the ' Moni-
teur,' though afterwards disclaimed, raised public feel-
ing in Great Britain to fever-heat.
For long there had been an uneasy feeling in the
Military country that its defences were in an unsatis-
nLToPfaarde'atfactory state> and tne minds of thinking
Britain. men na(j Deen exercised on the subject ever
since the publication in 1847 of the famous letter from
First Offers of Volunteer Corps. 3
the Duke of Wellington to Sir John Burgoyne, insist-
ing on the danger of the situation and the necessity of
preparation for war, which had made a great impres-
sion on the country at the time. In 1852 the militia
had been revived, and it had rendered splendid service
during the Crimean War and Indian Mutiny ; but men's
minds now reverted to the period when Great Britain
had been threatened by France at the beginning of the
century, and they remembered that at that time their
fathers had volunteered to supplement the regular
army and the constitutional militia in the defence of
the country. True to the great traditions of their
race, as their fathers had done before them so would
they do now, and patriotic men felt that the hour had
come to offer their services. A mass meeting was held
in April 1859 in St Martin's Hall, Longacre, to protest
against the insufficiency of the national defences, offers
to form volunteer corps began to pour in upon the
Government, and the Poet-Laureate, Tennyson, voiced
the national attitude in an ode published in ' The
Times ' of May 9, 1859, the first verse of which
ran —
" There is a sound of thunder afar,
Storm in the South that darkens the day !
Storm of battle and thunder of war !
Well if it do not roll our way.
Storm, Storm, Eiflemen form !
Eeady, be ready against the storm !
Eiflemen, Eiflemen, Eiflemen form ! "
In Scotland all traces of the Volunteers of 1803 and
the Sharpshooters of 1819, except the memory of them,
volunteer ^ad passed away, but in England one corps
corps exist- existed which traced its origin to the time
of the great wars. This was the " Boyal
Victoria Bifles," which, originally known as " The Duke
4 Origin and History of the Force.
of Cumberland's Sharpshooters," had been raised in
1803 and had escaped extinction. It for long existed
only as a rifle club in London, with a rifle-range at
Kilburn, and only in 1853 was it allowed to assemble
as volunteers for drill. In 1858 it only numbered 57
men, but in it was serving as captain a Mr Hans Busk,
who was strongly impressed with the defenceless state
of the Kingdom and devoted his time to advocating
the formation of a Volunteer force, and, as an example
of what it might be made, laboured to increase the
Victoria Rifles. In this he was successful. By the
middle of 1859 the corps mustered 800 men, and it
existed till 1908 as portion of the 1st Middlesex Bifle
Volunteer Corps.
But though undoubtedly of the greater antiquity,
the Victoria Bifles were not awarded precedence for
their county as the first in the volunteer force, as in
1852 an offer had been made by certain citizens of
Exeter to form a volunteer corps, and their services
had been accepted by the Government of the day.
This corps became in 1859 the 1st Devonshire Bifle
Volunteers, and gained for its county the first place in
the table of precedence for rifle volunteers by virtue of
its having been constituted as a corps a year earlier
than the Victoria Bifles.
Liverpool also was early afoot in the formation of a
volunteer corps, for in 1855 Mr Nathaniel Bousfield
founded in that city the " Liverpool Drill Club," con-
sisting of about a hundred members, who were
uniformed and armed ; but their services were not
accepted as volunteers until 1859, when Mr Bousfield
had the honour of receiving the first commission
granted to a volunteer on June 11, and his club formed
the nucleus of the 1st Lancashire Bifle Volunteers.
But if, prior to 1859, Scotland had no nuclei of
The Survivors of Former Forces. 5
volunteers, it was not long before the surviving repre-
sentatives of the former existing forces banded them-
selves together once more, for in February 1860 a
meeting of the survivors of the Glasgow Light Horse
of 1796, the volunteers of 1803, and the Sharpshooters
of 1819 was held in Glasgow, one of the only two
survivors of the first-named corps (Mr Robert Reid,
eighty-eight years of age) being present. It was
resolved that they should form themselves into a
veteran rifle corps, to be designated " The Old Guard
of Glasgow," armed and clothed at their own expense,
and an offer of their services was transmitted to the
proper authorities. This was acknowledged by the
military secretary to the General Commanding-in-Chief
on February 7, 1860, who added that it was "gratify-
ing to his Royal Highness to be thus assured that the
military spirit still exists among those who came
forward in past years when the country was likely to
require their services." The date of the official accept-
ance of the services of the corps was April 3, 1860, and
it was numbered the 78th Lanark. It does not appear
that the members ever appeared in uniform or did any
drill, but they set an example to the younger genera-
tion which was of much value to the cause of volun-
teering. The corps was subsequently merged in the
3rd Lanark Rifle Volunteers.
The Government of the day was slow to move in
the matter of accepting the services of volunteer
corps, too slow to please the ardent advocates of the
. movement, who naturally accused the Govern-
Attitude of ' .*'.-.
the aovern- ment of apathy and its military advisers of
volunteer active opposition to the " amateur soldier,"
movement, ^ut, viewed dispassionately at this lapse of
time, the action of the authorities appears to have
been guided by sound sense. It was desirable that,
6 Origin and History of the Force.
before sanctioning the formation of a new military
force, it should be ascertained whether its establish-
ment was likely to be a success, whether the promises
of those offering their services were likely to be borne
out by their performances, whether the new levies
would interfere with the recruiting of other branches of
the national forces, — in short, the advisability of en-
couraging the movement had to be debated from the
hard matter-of-fact point of view, patriotic exultation
being put on one side. The decision was taken in the
affirmative, and, as the official account 1 puts it : " No
exaggerated view was held by the War Minister of
what volunteers could achieve. It was sufficient to
utilise the ardent feeling of the nation to create a
defensive force of ordinary citizens of the middle class,
and to leave that force to work out its own development
by constantly aiming at higher military efficiency, by
a gradual tightening of the bonds of discipline, and by
a closer drawing of the links which attach it to the
regular army. . . . From the first, the judicious policy
of giving assistance in proportion to efficiency was
adopted by the War Office, and it is probably to this
as much as to any other cause that the system has
developed lasting qualities." On May 12, 1$59,
the establishment of the volunteer force in Great
Britain was sanctioned.
This sanction was conveyed by a War Office cir-
cular of the date just mentioned, signed by General
The war Peel, Secretary of State for War, which au-
^!w of May thorised the formation of volunteer corps
13,1859. under the provisions of Act 44, George III.,
cap. 54, dated June 5, 1804. This circular was
addressed to the Lords -Lieutenant of counties, and
authorised them to submit proposals for the formation
1 The Army Book of the British Empire, p. 381.
JVar Office Circular of May 12, 1859. 7
of volunteer rifle corps, and of artillery corps in mari-
time towns where there might be forts and batteries.
The principal provisions of the Act of 1804, which were
recapitulated in the circular, were that the officers
should be commissioned by the Lord-Lieutenant ; that
the members should take the oath of allegiance ; that
the force might be called out in case of actual in-
vasion, appearance of an enemy on the coast, or rebellion
arising from either of these emergencies ; that while
under arms the members should be subject to military
law, and be paid and billeted like regular soldiers, half-
pay or pensions being the right of those disabled in
actual service ; that members could not quit the corps
when on actual service, but at other times could do so
on giving fourteen days' notice ; that members who had
attended eight days in each four months, or a total of
twenty-four days' drill in the year, should be returned
as effective ; that members should be exempt from ballot
for the militia ; that all property of the corps should be
legally vested in the commanding officer ; and that sub-
scriptions and fines under the rules of the corps should
be recoverable by him before a magistrate. The circular
went on to state that Her Majesty's Government would
recommend to Her Majesty the acceptance of any pro-
posal for the formation of a corps submitted by the
Lord-Lieutenant under the above conditions, provided
that the members undertook to provide their own arms
and equipment, and to defray all expenses attending
the corps, except in the event of its being assembled
for actual service. Rules and regulations were to be
submitted for each corps. The uniform and equipment
might be settled by the members, subject to the ap-
proval of the Lord-Lieutenant ; but the arms had to be
furnished under the superintendence of the War Office,
so as to secure uniformity of gauge. The establishments
8 Origin and History of the Force.
were to be fixed by the Secretary of State upon the
Lord - Lieutenant reporting the number of privates
recommended and the number of companies into which
it was proposed to divide them. The closing sentence
reminded the Lord-Lieutenant that he was responsible
for the nomination of " proper persons " to be appointed
officers.
On May 25, 1859, General Peel issued a second
circular explanatory of the views of Government on the
organisation of the force. Premising that it
war office was essential that volunteers should not be
Mayas' ° left in ignorance of the nature and character
,859* of the service to which they were binding
themselves, that military discipline was the first essen-
tial, and that the conditions of service should be such
that, while enforcing the necessary discipline, those
classes should be induced to serve in the volunteers
who did not enter the regular army or militia, the
circular recommended that the system of drill and in-
struction should not be such as to render the service
unnecessarily irksome, or make such demands on the
time of members as interfered with their ordinary avo-
cations. Rifle volunteers should therefore not be drilled
or organised " as soldiers expected to take their place
in line," but each man should be so thoroughly instructed
in the use of his weapon as to enable the force to act
as a useful auxiliary to the regular army and militia.
These objects could best be attained by the organisa-
tion of rifle volunteers in companies of an establish-
ment of one captain, one lieutenant, one ensign, and
100 of all ranks as a maximum, or in subdivisions, or
even sections of a company, the great object being that
the members should have " a knowledge of and thorough
dependence upon each other personally." The enclosed
nature of the country would give peculiar importance
War Office Circular of May 25, 1859. 9
to the services of bodies of riflemen so composed, and
with a thorough knowledge of their weapon, who should
11 hang with the most telling effect upon the flanks and
communications of a hostile army." Ranges should be
established in each locality where volunteer corps were
formed, and the issue, at cost price, from Government
stores, was authorised of targets and of an annual allow-
ance of ammunition of, for each trained volunteer, 90
rounds of ball and 60 of blank cartridge and 165 per-
cussion-caps, and for each recruit, of 110 ball and 20
blank cartridges and 163 percussion -caps. The rifles
should be uniform in gauge (0*577 in. to 0*580 in.) and
size of nipple, and store - rooms for the arms near the
ranges should be provided. Uniforms should be as
simple as possible, and those of the different companies
in each county should be similar.
The Volunteer Artillery Corps should have as their
first object the manning of the batteries erected for the
protection of coast towns, and should be recruited from
local men who might be married, or tied by business to
the locality, or less fit for field duties, but who, never-
theless, could find time to learn " how to work a great
gun mounted in their immediate neighbourhood." The
principles of organisation should be the same as for rifle
corps, but the bodies might be even smaller. " For in-
stance, the most effective system would be that which
would associate ten or twelve men, all neighbours
intimately acquainted with each other, in the charge
and working of a particular gun mounted, so to speak,
at their door." One man should be appointed " captain
of the gun," an artilleryman should act as instructor,
and " all that would be required of them would be that
they should be able to prove, on a half-yearly inspection,
that they had duly profited by the instruction so given,
and had qualified themselves for the important trust re-
io Origin and History of the Force.
posed in them." In seaport towns, associations should
be formed to man and work boats with a single gun in
the bow, and it was hoped that shipowners, &c, would
place their spare boats at the disposal of volunteers for
this purpose.
Under the conditions laid down in these two circulars,
the volunteer force in Great Britain was initiated and
The the " movement " began in earnest, each local-
loveme'nt ity seeming to vie with the other in the work
byktheUP °f volunteer organisation. " Defence and not
country, defiance " was adopted as the motto of the
force, and everywhere those in a position to head
public efforts or to lead public opinion took up
enthusiastically the task of organisation for the
defence of hearth and home. The movement was
a thoroughly national one, and all ranks and
classes took part in it. In the counties the lairds
put themselves at the head of their neighbours
and tenants, and in the towns the chiefs of the
mercantile communities organised their employes. In
many cases, gentlemen of position formed themselves
into self-supporting corps and purchased their own
arms and equipment, and at first, indeed, the move-
ment was confined to such as could afford to do so ;
but as all classes desired to take part in the defence of
the country, it soon became evident that men of the
artisan class would be unable to give their services free
unless arms and equipment were provided for them,
and accordingly measures were taken to raise the
necessary funds by public subscription, or by the con-
tributions of honorary members.
The usual way in which a volunteer corps was formed,
was that the local authorities or some leading inhabit-
ants called a public meeting to discuss the subject, and
then, if it was found that the general feeling was in
The Volunteer Movement taken tip. 1 1
favour of the formation of a corps, lists were drawn
up and signed by those willing to join. When the
numbers laid down in the circulars above quoted were
attained, an application was submitted to the Lord-
Lieutenant for the formation of the corps, and by him
was transmitted to the Secretary of State for War,
who in due course, and after the necessary conditions
had been fulfilled,. conveyed to the corps Her Majesty's
acceptance of its services. The next step was the ap-
pointment of officers and non-commissioned officers, and
at first (until later regulations placed the nomination
of the officers in the hands of the Lord-Lieutenant, and
that of the non-commissioned officers in those of the
commanding officer) these were elected by the members
of the corps. These appointments were not unfre-
quently keenly canvassed, and meetings were held at
which the candidates were voted for. In other cases,
corps were raised by country gentlemen among their
tenants, or by factory owners employing large numbers
of men, and these usually nominated themselves, their
sons, or their managers to commissions, and paid for
the privilege by contributing largely to the funds of
the corps. A large voice was at first accorded to all
members in the management of the finances of the
corps and its general arrangements, and the diffi-
culty as to knowing where to draw the line between
civil and military affairs was great. Hence often arose
a want of discipline, which was intensified in many
cases by the military ignorance of those appointed
officers and non-commissioned officers, many of whom
accepted these appointments from the love of position,
dress, or notoriety, and, once appointed, failed to take
the necessary steps to qualify themselves for their posi-
tion. But the general spirit of the volunteers was
enthusiastically patriotic, and their discipline improved
1 2 Origin and History of the Force.
rapidly, towards which the presence of a goodly number
of former officers of the regular army in their ranks as
officers or in lower grades 1 contributed not a little.
The enthusiasm displayed by all ranks in the earliest
days of the force may well be exemplified by an extract
from an article entitled "A Brigadier's Retrospect,"
written in 1902 by Lord Kingsburgh (Colonel the
Right Hon. Sir J. H. A. Macdonald, K.C.B.) for 'A
Volunteer Haversack,' published by the Queen's Edin-
burgh V.B. He wrote : —
The volunteer of to-day can have little idea of the enthusiasm
of that time. When a citizen joins the volunteer ranks to-day
he enters a developed organisation in which his duties are pre-
scribed, all that is necessary is provided, and he fulfils his part
if he goes through a limited amount of training. In 1859 every-
thing was novel, unorganised, and ill-provided. But what a life
was in it ! The volunteer of that day had no thought of
minimum in his drills. Many went regularly to two and even
three drills a-day. I have myself drilled at seven in the morning
with the Writers to the Signet, in the forenoon in the Parliament
House, and in the afternoon out of doors with the Advocates,
and in the Queen's Park in the evening with an artisan company.
We plunged eagerly into all the complicated cat's-cradle drill of
the Eed Book of those days, and despised the simple Green Book
that was specially prepared to meet our condition of greenness.
We went to the targets in all weathers. ... No doubt much of
our zeal was of the " zeal without knowledge " kind, but it made
up for that by being really hot. We did as many drills before
any arms were served out to us as a volunteer of to-day does in
his whole training. My roll-book when I commanded a company
showed many volunteers attending ninety drills in one season,
and very few fell below fifty. And how and where did we drill ?
In Exchange Squares and Meadow Walks, by the light of the
rat's-tail gas-burners of those days, when weather permitted ; in
1 For example, Major-General William Riddell of Camieston, C.B., late
H.E.I.C.S., served as a private in the 3rd Roxburgh R.V. (Melrose) from
February 26, 1861, to April 30, 1871, and never aspired to promotion.
The Movement in Edinburgh. 13
small steaming rooms below the Council Chambers when driven
in by rain or snow. Night after night, through the long winter
and into spring, we laboured. Kich companies had drill in-
structors in their pay, but we who had artisan companies had to
do all our own drilling, getting our musketry certificates by
judging distance in two inches of snow in the Meadows, and
firing our course when one was glad to warm one's fingers between
shots on the heated barrels of our muzzle-loaders, which, after
the fouling of a few rounds, kicked us unmercifully. Yet I will
venture to say that no man now alive who went through that
ordeal but looks back on those days with pleasant recollections.
I doubt not that much of our doing was not according to know-
ledge, and I know now that much we had to do was antiquated
and inadequate to modern war conditions, but we did it heartily,
with a real interest and enthusiasm which the volunteer of to-day
would be quite unable to understand.
As in Edinburgh, so it was throughout the country,
and never in the course of Scottish history was the old
warlike spirit of the nation more thoroughly aroused
than in 1859.
To exemplify the various methods by which corps
were originated, and the difficulties which were met
with, it is of interest to record the beginnings of the
movement in Edinburgh and Glasgow.
In the capital, in March 1859, A. W. Macrae, Esq.,
W.S. (later a major in the Queen's Edinburgh E.V.),
and Mr A. Henry (the inventor of the rifle
The move- . •/ \
mentin bearing his name) had consulted together and
n urg ' decided to try to raise a rifle corps. The list
for the signature of intending members remained hang-
ing in Mr Henry's shop for some time, but few names
were received, and it was not until May of that year
that the movement was started effectually in Edinburgh
by the Highland Society petitioning the Secretary of
State for War for permission to form themselves into a
Highland volunteer company. The Society of Advo-
14 Origin and History of the Force.
cates made similar application early in the month, and
it was only on May 26, in consequence of the issue of
the War Office circular of May 12, that a meeting of
Lieutenancy was held to consider what steps should be
taken, and it was agreed that a regiment of rifles should
be formed in the city, in which all the corps raised
should be included. The Highland Society's Company
became the 1st Highland, the Advocates the 1st on the
general list, and the 1st Citizens' Company, the members
of which subscribed their names immediately after the
above meeting to a roll, in which those on Mr Henry's
list were also incorporated, the 2nd. The members of
all these, and of four more companies composed of pro-
fessional gentlemen and formed shortly afterwards, paid
all their own expenses and provided their own arms,
equipment, and uniform. The next company was
formed of bank clerks, for whom the various banks
subscribed to provide arms, equipment, and uniform,
and then followed two companies of artisans, the first
raised in Scotland, of which the men of the first paid a
contribution of 30s. in instalments, the remainder of the
expenses being defrayed by public subscription, those
of the second paying 45s. for their uniforms, other
charges being met out of funds subscribed by employers.
These were the original companies of what latterly was
termed the Queen's Rifle Volunteer Brigade, The Royal
Scots, the premier volunteer infantry corps in Scotland,
and they gained for the capital, by their early offer of
service, the senior place in order of precedence of the
counties in the force. It was not until August 31,
however, that the officers of these companies and of the
staff of the regiment were gazetted.
The second city of the Kingdom was even in advance
of the capital in the matter of publicly bestirring itself
for defence, for on May 2, 1859, a letter signed "Pro
The Movement in Glasgow. 15
Bono Patriae " appeared in ' The Glasgow Herald ' ad-
vocating the formation of volunteer corps, and on the
following day an advertisement was placed
movement in the same newspaper asking those who were
asgow. .^ favour 0f tne formation of a volunteer
rifle corps to communicate with "V.R.C., 'Herald'
Office." The response was so satisfactory that " V.R.C."
— Mr A. K. Murray — was able to call a meeting
for May 4 at the Albion Hotel, 74 Argyle Street,
which was attended by about a dozen gentlemen,1 as
a preliminary gathering, which was followed the same
evening by a public meeting in the Royal Galleries,
123 St Vincent Street. At this latter meeting about
200 gentlemen put their names down as willing to
join, and a committee was nominated to further the
object and to communicate with the Secretary of State
for War. After the issue of the circular of May 12,
a second meeting was held, at which the Lord Provost
occupied the chair, and at it, owing to the fact that
no Government assistance in money or arms was prom-
ised by the circular, a discussion took place as to
details, which caused the resignation of the first com-
mittee. A new one, under the presidency of the Lord
Provost, and including the two Members of Parliament
for Glasgow, the Sheriff of the County (Sir Archibald
Alison, the historian of Europe), and others, was ap-
pointed, and a meeting was held in the Trades' Hall
on July 12, when sub - committees were appointed
in the northern, southern, eastern, western, and central
districts of the city, and these at once set to work to
enrol and organise all classes of the community, — clerks,
warehousemen, shopkeepers, and artisans.
1 One of whom, Mr J. Carfrae Alston, served from 1859 to 1879 in the
1st Lanark K.V., from which he retired as major, and is now president of
the " Boys' Brigade " in Scotland.
1 6 Origin and History of the Force.
Meanwhile some gentlemen of the west end of
Glasgow, impatient of the ponderous working of the
official machine, had taken independent action, and
immediately after the meeting on July 12 had
drawn up and subscribed to a document offering their
services to form "a volunteer rifle company, to be
denominated the Glasgow Volunteer Rifle Corps,
Western Section, No. 1," and further agreeing to
supply their own arms and accoutrements, and to
contribute to the extent of £2, 2s. per annum towards
the expenses of the company. Much delay in the
acceptance of their services was caused by the want
of knowledge of procedure on the part of the pro-
moters and the absence on the Continent of the Lord-
Lieutenant, the Duke of Hamilton, but on August
5 the services of the company were offered, and
on September 24 they were accepted, and the
company numbered the first in the county of Lanark.
It subsequently became "A" Company of the 1st
Lanark V.R.C. Consequent on the above-mentioned
delays, Lanarkshire, though one of the earliest afield,
was only given the 25th place among the counties in
order of precedence in the rifle volunteer force,
Edinburgh City (llth), Renfrewshire (14th), and
Stirlingshire (23rd) standing before it in Scotland.
Other corps quickly followed the example of the 1st
Western, and, without waiting for official sanction,
the corps equipped themselves and began to drill
with great enthusiasm. Two corps, the 2nd Western
(University), later 2nd Lanark, and the 1st Southern,
later 3rd Lanark, afterwards "A" Company 3rd
Lanark V.R.C, claimed priority of origin to the 1st
Western, but these claims were disallowed in the
subsequent renumbering in seniority in the county.
During the initial stages of its development, the
War Office Circular of July 13, 1859. 17
Glasgow Central Committee, mentioned above, con-
tinued to watch over and help the movement. In
the city, as throughout the country, money was raised
by bazaars, fancy fairs, balls, &c, and professions, large
employers of labour, and traders contributed hand-
somely to the funds of the corps organised from their
members or employes, but it was thought that there
were large numbers of merchants and manufacturers
who could only be reached by public subscriptions. A
public meeting was therefore summoned in the City
Hall on 23rd November 1859, with the Lord Provost
in the chair. It was addressed by Sir Archibald
Alison, the Rev. Norman Macleod, and Sheriff Henry
Bell, and so persuasive was their eloquence that in
a short time £4000 was placed at the disposal of the
Central Committee to assist in the formation of new
corps. The usual contribution in artisan corps was
for each man to pay £1 towards his uniform and an
annual subscription of 10s. to the funds of the corps,
and the Committee was thus enabled to subsidise
corps requiring assistance to the extent of £1 per
member. Twenty -four rifle and four artillery corps
(companies) were thus assisted in Glasgow.
In the above summaries of the progress of the
movement in the two principal centres of formation
_ ,_, in Scotland, no mention has been made of
The third . . '
war office important instructions which were issued from
juiy 13, the War Office in the period under review.
The first of these was the circular of July
13, 1859, in which the Secretary of State for War
announced that her Majesty's Government had decided
to issue Enfield rifles free of cost for 25 per cent of the
effective members of the force, and to undertake the
armament of the whole force when called out for active
service on certain conditions (see below), and had sanc-
B
1 8 Origin and History of the Force.
tioned two officers or members of each corps proceeding
to the School of Musketry at Hythe (at their own
expense) to undergo a modified course of musketry
instruction. Lieutenants of counties were urged to
specially encourage the formation of artillery rather
than rifle corps in coast towns, and a "memorandum
regarding the formation, organisation, establishment,
instruction, &c, of volunteer corps in Great Britain,
to be raised under the Act 44 Geo. III., cap. 54,"
was appended to the circular.
The principal provisions of this latter memorandum
were : —
In all cases of actual invasion or appearance of any
enemy in force on the coast of Great Britain, or of
rebellion or insurrection arising or existing within
the same, or the appearance of any enemy in force
on the coast, or during any invasion, but not other-
wise, the services of the volunteer force were to ex-
tend to any part of Great Britain.
Before giving sanction to the formation of a rifle
corps, the Secretary of State required that a safe range
of not less than 200 yards should be obtained, that
safe storage should be provided for the arms, that
rules, binding on the members under legal penalties,
should be submitted and approved, and that the corps
should be subject to periodical inspection by a military
officer. The uniform and equipment of all corps were
to be approved by the Lord-Lieutenant, and were to
be similar, for artillery and rifles respectively, through-
out the county.
Artillery corps might be organised as companies of
not fewer than 50 or more than 80 effectives, with 1
captain, 1 lieutenant, and 1 2nd lieutenant, or as
subdivisions, with not fewer than 30 effectives, with
1 lieutenant and 1 2nd lieutenant, or as sections of not
War Office Circular of July 13, 1859. 19
fewer than 20 effectives under a lieutenant. Rifle
corps were to be organised as companies of not fewer
than 60 or more than 100 effectives, with 1 captain,
1 lieutenant, and 1 ensign, or as subdivisions of not
fewer than 30 effectives, with 1 lieutenant and 1
ensign. In populous centres, where several such corps
could be formed, in order to save expense by having
one range and one armoury only, battalions might be
formed, and where 8 companies, or a force not less
than 500 strong, could be raised, sanction would be
given to the appointment of a lieutenant -colonel, a
major, and an adjutant (to be paid by the corps) for
the battalion. Supernumeraries beyond establishment,
or honorary or non-effective members "willing to
contribute towards the expenses of the corps," were
to be permitted.
Artillery corps were to rank before rifle corps, and
the whole volunteer force of a county was to take
precedence throughout Great Britain according to the
date of formation of the first company of their re-
spective arms in the county, the several companies
ranking, as artillery and rifles respectively, within
their own counties in the order of their formation.
Officers were to take precedence according to the
dates of their commissions.
Artillery volunteers were not required to have small-
arms, only side-arms. Rifle volunteers were to have
25 per cent of their effective members supplied with
rifles by Government, the remainder being purchased
by the corps ; and the equipment was to consist of
a black or brown leather waist-belt, with sliding frog
for the bayonet, ball -bag containing cap -pocket, and
20-round pouch.
Artillery ammunition for practice was to be issued
free of cost in quantities to be determined later ; and
20 Origin and History of the Force.
for rifle corps the allowance of ammunition laid down
in the circular of May 25 was changed to 100 rounds
of ball and 60 of blank cartridge, with 176 percussion
caps and 20 caps for snapping purposes, annually to
all qualified effectives, including recruits. Five targets
per company were to be issued at cost price.
The eight days' drill in each four months required to
make a volunteer " efficient " were not of necessity to
be continuous, and it was to suffice if each attended
on the prescribed number of days the ordinary drills
laid down by the commanding officer.
Garrison gun-drill was to be taught by instructors
of the Royal Artillery — the volunteer artillerymen,
after preliminary instruction, being permanently told
off to particular guns near their homes, of which they
were to undertake the general service. All guns and
stores were to be provided by Government and to
remain in charge of the Royal Artillery, and a
* Volunteer Artilleryman's Manual ' was prepared.
For volunteer riflemen a Manual was also prepared.
As instructors, two Serjeants of the permanent staff
of the disembodied militia were to be told off to
each volunteer company, and these men were to be
asked to volunteer for the service, and were to be
paid one shilling a -day each by the corps. It was
hoped that, after a short time, the services of these ■
non-commissioned officers could be dispensed with, the
" most intelligent and zealous individuals " in each
corps being then qualified to instruct the others.
Musketry instructors were to be similarly supplied,
and two members of each corps were to be permitted
to proceed to Hythe at their own expense for a
fourteen days' course of musketry instruction — the
first class assembling there on Saturday, July 23,
1859.
Moral Rules for Corps. 2 1
In pursuance of the circular of July 13, draft
model rules and regulations for volunteer corps
were issued from the War Office on August
Model rules 111 -, i
forvoiun- 10, 1859. They had been drawn up by a
committee of volunteers, of which the presi-
dent was Viscount Ranelagh, and the representative
Scottish member Mr R. Blackburn of the Edinburgh
Rifles, and were recommended to volunteer corps for
adoption as a model to be followed — modifications
being, if necessary, made to suit the particular cir-
cumstances of corps. The rules were, summarily, as
follows : —
(1) Quoted the Act under which the corps was
raised. (2) Defined effective, non - effective, super-
numerary, and honorary members — the latter only
contributing to the funds. (3) Subscriptions to be
due on the 1st of each month. (4) Fixed the amount
of monthly subscriptions, varying according to corps.
(5) The commanding officer to propose gentlemen to
the Lord - Lieutenant for commissions. (6) The com-
manding officer to appoint non-commissioned officers.
(7) Candidates for admission to the corps to be pro-
posed by three members, and admitted on approval
of the commanding officer. (8) Each member to have
uniform and equipment of the approved pattern ; and
(9) to be responsible for all Government arms and
property issued to him. (10) "Corps property" to
be all articles purchased out of the funds. (11) When
not on service, the commanding officer to be respon-
sible for discipline, and to have the power of assem-
bling a court of inquiry of two officers and two
members to investigate irregularities. (12) The com-
manding officer to fix the time and place of parades.
(13) The commanding officer to have the power to
inflict fines, which might (14) be not less than — for
22 Origin and History of the Force.
loading contrary to orders or shooting out of turn,
2s. 6d. ; for accidentally discharging the rifle, 5s. ;
for pointing the rifle, loaded or unloaded, at any
person without orders, 5s., &c. &c. ; absence from or
lateness on parade, speaking in the ranks, and other
sins of commission, had also penalties attached to them.
(15) All fines to be recorded, and (16) collected on
the 1st of each month. (17) A committee to be
appointed to manage the corps' finances. (18) An
abstract of the accounts to be laid before members.
(19) Payments for extra ammunition. (20) Honorary
members not to interfere in military duties, and not
to be obliged to wear uniform, but (21) might use
the practice ground, and (22) must pay a donation
or annual subscription — the former generally £5, the
latter usually £1, Is., but never less than that of
ordinary members. (23) The system of musketry in-
struction to be that taught at Hythe. (24) Members
to provide themselves with the Volunteer Manual and
a copy of Corps Rules.
These rules were adopted, in the spirit and the
letter, by all corps, and continued, with certain
modifications, to be the basis of volunteer discipline
till the force ceased to exist.
How little was expected of the volunteers of 1859,
as foreshadowed in the War Office circular of May 25,
quoted above, is exemplified by the ' Drill and
volunteer Rifle Instruction for Volunteer Rifle Corps,'
published in 1859, and compiled by Colonel
D. Lysons, C.B., Assistant Adjutant-General, a soldier
of the highest repute. It was composed of extracts
from the infantry drill regulations for the regular
army. It was familiarly known as the " Green
Book," from the colour of its binding, as compared
with the red of the parent volume. Its price was
" The Green Book!' 23
sixpence, and, as its Preface stated, it contained
"all the drill that volunteers need know," which was
to be taught in six lessons. The first was on falling
in and telling off a squad, position and attitude, stand-
ing at ease, facing, opening and closing the squad,
dressing, and dismissing. The second was on march-
ing, stepping out, marking time, the diagonal march,
breaking off and reassembling, the double march, and
wheeling. The third lesson comprised the manual
exercise and piling arms, and the fourth the platoon
(firing) exercise. The fifth lesson dealt with the
formation of the squad in two ranks, telling off,
firing, skirmishing, extending and closing from the
halt and on the march, advancing and retiring in
skirmishing order, inclining, changing front and firing
in that order, and forming rallying squares. The
sixth and last lesson treated of the formation and
movements of the company, dispersing and assem-
bling, advancing, retiring, and wheeling ; the forma-
tion of columns of subdivisions or sections, company
square, skirmishing, and bugle - calls. In the Preface
it was added that " if, when they have been thoroughly
drilled, volunteers have spare time, they may learn to
form fours in the manner prescribed by the Manual,"
and in an appendix a short synopsis of musketry
instruction was given.
It is perhaps hardly necessary to say that in a
short time the volunteers outgrew their Manual,
and adopted the drill regulations in force for the
regular army.
A vexed and much debated question in the early
days of the volunteer movement was that
County and ^ .
corps pre- of county and corps precedence, which was
settled in the manner laid down in the
War Office circular of July 13, quoted above. The
24 Origin and History of the Force.
counties were to rank, in the artillery or rifle
volunteer force, according to the date on which
the first company of each arm in the county was
formed, which, as a matter of fact, resolved itself
into the date on which the offer of the services of
that company was received by the Secretary of State
for War. Now this, again, depended, not on the date
on which the original members first met and deter-
mined to offer their services as a volunteer corps,
but on the celerity with which this offer was passed
through the office of Lieutenancy of the county and
arrived at the War Office. Counties in which the
Lord - Lieutenant was an absentee were thus at a
disadvantage, as was in several instances the case in
Scotland, and in others traditional "canniness" de-
layed the offers of service until the conditions had
been more clearly defined ; but on the whole the
Scottish counties obtained their due precedence in the
two forces, and this was finally settled as follows : —
Order of Precedence op the several Counties in the
Artillery Volunteer Force.
1. Northumberland
2. Hampshire
3. Devonshire
4. Sussex
5. Edinburgh (City)
6. Cornwall
7. Mid-Lothian
8. Norfolk
9. Banff
10. Kent
11. Forfarshire
12. Essex
13. Lancashire
14. Kincardine
15. Cinque Ports
16. Renfrewshire
17. Dorsetshire
18. Fifeshire
19. Glamorganshire
20. Haddington
21. Lanarkshire
22. Yorkshire (E. Rid.)
23. Ayrshire
24. Argyll
25. Gloucestershire
26. Pembrokeshire
27. Yorkshire (N. Rid.)
28. Cheshire
29. Caithness
30. Lincolnshire
31. Aberdeenshire
32. Berwickshire
33. Kirkcudbright
34. Inverness -shire
35. Elgin
36. Stirlingshire
37. Wigtown
38. Dumbarton
39. Berwick-on-Tweed
40. Cumberland
41. Durham
42. Cromarty
43. Ross-shire
44. Orkney
45. Nairn
46. Sutherlandshire
47. Shropshire
48. Yorkshire (W. Rid.)
49. Newcastle-on-Tyne
50. Somerset
51. Middlesex
52. Suffolk
53. Tower Hamlets
54. Monmouthshire
55. Surrey
56. Anglesea
57. Isle of Man
58. Staffordshire
59. Carnarvon
60. Bute
61. City of London
62. Worcester
63. Warwick
64. Cardigan
Precedence of Counties.
25
Obder of Precedence of the several Counties in the
Rifle Volunteer Force.
1.
Devonshire
33.
Aberdeenshire
65.
Wigtown
2.
Middlesex
34.
Roxburgh
66.
Buteshire
3.
Lancashire
35.
Cinque Ports
67.
Yorkshire (N. Rid.)
4.
Surrey
36.
Monmouthshire
68.
Cumberland
5.
Pembrokeshire
37.
Cornwall
69.
Herefordshire
6.
Derbyshire
58.
Ross -shire
70.
Dumbartonshire
7.
Oxfordshire
39.
Worcestershire
71.
Huntingdon
8.
Cheshire
40.
Inverness-shire
72.
Carnarvonshire
9.
Wiltshire
41.
Warwickshire
73.
Montgomeryshire
10.
Sussex
42.
Lincolnshire.
74.
Orkney
11.
Edinburgh (City)
43.
Denbighshire
75.
Carmarthen
12.
Essex
44.
Hampshire
76.
Caithness
IS.
Northumberland
45.
Somersetshire
77.
Kirkcudbright
14.
Renfrewshire
46.
Forfar
78.
Westmorland
15.
Northamptonshire
47.
Cambridgeshire
79.
Fifeshire
16.
Dorsetshire
4S.
Shropshire
80.
Bedfordshire
17.
Norfolk
49.
London
81.
Newcastle-on-Tyne
IS.
Staffordshire
50.
Yorkshire (E. Rid.)
82.
Linlithgowshire
19.
Berkshire
51.
Hertfordshire
83.
Selkirkshire
20.
Gloucestershire
52.
Perthshire
84.
Banffshire
21.
Brecknockshire
53.
Berwickshire
85.
Radnorshire
22.
Suffolk
54.
Sutherland
S6.
Flintshire
23.
Stirlingshire
55.
Kincardineshire
87.
Berwick-on-Tweed
24.
Bucks
56.
Haverfordwest
88.
Clackmannan
25.
Lanarkshire
57.
Haddington
89.
Tower Hamlets
26.
Kent
58.
Isle of Wight
90.
Nairn
27.
Glamorgan
59.
Ayrshire
91.
Peeblesshire
28.
Nottinghamshire
60.
Dumfries
92.
Isle of Man
29.
Merionethshire
61.
Elgin
93.
Kinross-shire
30.
Yorkshire (W. Rid.)
62.
Argyll
94.
Anglesey
31.
Leicestershire
63.
Cardigan
95.
Shetland
32.
Mid -Lothian
64.
Durham
Within the counties, the precedence of corps was
settled by the date of the receipt of their offer of
service by the Lord-Lieutenant, and this in its turn
led to much rivalry, with the laudable desire of being
first in the field in the county and receiving there-
fore precedence and a lower number. As an instance
of this, Lieut. -Colonel T. R. Stuart, commanding the
late 1st Ayrshire and Galloway R.G.A.V., writes as
to his corps : " Irvine is the oldest battery or com-
pany in the regiment. In that connection I am in-
formed that in 1859, at the start of the volunteer
movement, there was keen rivalry between Irvine and
26 Origin and History of the Force.
Ayr for the honour of being premier battery. There
was such a close run for it that the Irvine officers,
on their return from Eglinton Castle for the purpose
of offering their services to the Lord-Lieutenant, the
Earl of Eglinton, actually met in the avenue of the
Castle grounds the Ayr officers driving up post-haste
on the same errand. Irvine thus won the distinction
of being the 1st Ayrshire A.V., but only by the
shortest of heads."
On the Lord-Lieutenant forwarding the offer of ser-
vice to the War Office, he stated the date on which it
was received, and on this the Secretary of State for
War, when officially accepting the services of the corps
in question, assigned to it a number in the county in
its order of precedence. The gazetting of officers was
proceeded with as soon as possible after the accept-
ance of the services of the corps ; and throughout the
records of units in Part II. of this work the date of
first commission of the officers has been taken as that
of the formation of the corps, as only in a few cases
has it been possible to ascertain the dates of accept-
ance of services, and the number in order of preced-
ence in the county is, with a few exceptions, sufficient
to show the order in which the services of corps were
accepted. The few exceptions are due to special cir-
cumstances, in which, on account of some informality
in the offer, reference had to be made to the corps,
the services of which were accepted later, although it
retained its number in order of application. Such
exceptions will be seen in the complete list of corps
raised in Lanarkshire given in Appendix C.
In the matter of uniform the earliest volunteer
riflemen frequently indulged their fancy or their taste
in the wildest flights. Every shade of grey, green, and
brown was adopted, and the uniforms were often richly
Early Uniforms. 2.7
decorated with braid or lace, especially in the corps
equipped at their own expense. The usual uniform
uniform, was a tunic long in the skirts, single-breasted,
andsmau*-' and braided and laced, with trousers of the
arms' same, and a cap with a peak or a shako, the
latter frequently ornamented with cocks' feathers in
a plume. In Scotland the almost universal colour of
the uniform was some shade of grey, very few corps
only adopting the green which was much in favour
in England. The scarlet of the regular line infantry
was the only colour not at first adopted, probably
because the corps considered themselves " riflemen,"
as their name indicated, and no volunteer rifle corps
wore it at the date of the Royal Review in 1860.
The first corps to adopt scarlet at its inception was
the 4th Sutherland, formed at Rogart in the end of
1860, and the next was the 97th Lanarkshire, or
Glasgow Guards, formed in the middle of 1861. The
kilt was adopted by but few corps at first, and at the
Royal Review in 1860 the only corps which wore it
were the 1st and 2nd Highland Companies Edin-
burgh R.V., 10th and 11th Renfrew R.V., 60th and
61st Lanark R.V., 10th Forfar R.V., 3rd (three com-
panies) Perth R.V., and 9th Argyll R.Y. The belts
were generally of black -enamelled or brown leather,
and consisted of a pouch-belt, generally ornamented
with a badge for all ranks and a whistle with chain
for officers and Serjeants, over the left shoulder, and
a waist-belt with cartridge-box or pouch and bayonet-
frog. Some few corps adopted knickerbockers and
leather leggings, but greatcoats were in use in hardly
any, and none provided themselves with haversacks,
water-bottles, knapsacks, or other equipment.
The artillery corps invariably adopted blue uniforms,
some of them a close copy of those of the Royal Artil-
28 Origin and History of the Force.
lery, but they also frequently indulged in flights of
fancy and embroidered their uniforms with braid. The
engineer corps, formed later, closely copied the Royal
Engineers, and the only mounted corps formed at first
in Scotland, the Fife Mounted Rifles, adopted a uni-
form as nearly approaching to their red hunting-coats
as possible.
Government, however, soon took up the question of
volunteer uniforms, and a committee assembled at the
War Office and issued a report on January 23, 1860,
recommending a variety of patterns without deciding
on any particular one, and leaving the matter to the
choice of corps, subject to the approval of the Lord-
Lieutenant. The uniform considered the best for rifle
volunteers was brownish grey, of the pattern sub-
mitted by Lord Elcho (now the Earl of Wemyss) and
adopted by the London Scottish, with peg-top trousers
made to be worn with leggings, the tunic being quite
plain, and only piped with the regimental colour and
ornamented with an Austrian knot on the sleeve, a
low cap of the same cloth with peak, brown leather
belts, and a long cape with hood. For artillery the
pattern recommended was the same, but of blue cloth
with scarlet piping, and black belts. Sealed patterns
were deposited at the War Office, and it was intim-
ated that Government would issue to volunteers at
cost price grey cloth in four shades (Elcho grey cloth,
Elcho grey tweed, slate-grey cloth of Roxburgh Rifles
pattern, and dark-grey cloth), rifle-green cloth, blue
cloth for artillery, and scarlet cloth. The corps formed
after the date of this pronouncement generally fol-
lowed its advice, and the vagaries of fancy seen in the
uniforms of the earlier (and perhaps richer) corps were
not, as a rule, continued in those raised in 1860. The
Austrian knot on the sleeve was almost universally
The Queen's first Inspection. 29
adopted as the distinguishing mark of volunteer corps,
and the badges of rank and patterns of lace of the
officers conformed to those of the corresponding arms
of the regular forces, with the exception that gold lace
was not permitted to be worn.
The arms with which the rifle corps first equipped
themselves were usually short Enfields with sword-
bayonets, as used by rifle regiments of the regular
army ; but when Government took over the supply
of arms the long Enfield rifle, as used in line regi-
ments, with triangular bayonet, was issued, Serjeants
only retaining the short rifle and sword-bayonet. The
artillery at first had smooth-bore, but afterwards rifled
carbines, with sword-bayonets with steel scabbards,
and the engineers were given the Lancaster oval-bored
rifle with sword-bayonet.
During the autumn of 1859 the work of organising
volunteer corps went on uninterruptedly in Scotland,
pro ress of as throughout Great Britain, and in October
the force in portions of the Scottish volunteer force had
Queen's first the honour of parading before Her Majesty
of Scottish Queen Victoria. The first occasion was on
volunteers. Fridayj October 14, when 382 of all ranks
of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, and 10th Lanark
Eifle Corps, under Captain David Dreghorn of the
3rd Lanark, proceeded via Loch Lomond to Loch
Katrine to form a guard of honour to the Queen, on
the occasion of Her Majesty opening the City of Glas-
gow Water- works. This was the first public appear-
ance of the volunteers in the west of Scotland, and
the first of the Scottish volunteer corps Her Majesty
had seen. It is on record that while the Rob Roy,
in which the volunteers were embarked, was steam-
ing down Loch Katrine, H.H.H. the Prince Consort
questioned Captain Dreghorn as to the length of time
30 Origin and History of the Force.
the men had been drilled, and expressed his satisfac-
tion at the appearance they made and the efficiency
to which they had attained in such a short time.
The second occasion was on October 15, when the
Edinburgh Rifle Volunteers were inspected by the
Queen in Duke's Walk as Her Majesty drove from
Holyrood to St Margaret's station, and the Lord
Provost was commanded to inform them that Her
Majesty had been "particularly struck and highly
pleased with their appearance and fine soldierly
bearing."
At the close of 1859 there had been organised in
Great Britain 16 corps of artillery volunteers with
73 batteries, and 330 companies of rifle volunteers,
and of these there were in Scotland, as shown in the
monthly Army List of January 1860, 10 batteries and
1 subdivision of artillery, and 49 corps with 67 com-
panies and 1 subdivision of rifles, as follows, the corps
which had been authorised, but to which officers had
not yet been gazetted, being shown in brackets : —
Artillery —
Edinburgh City .
. 1st.
Mid-Lothian
. (1st).
Banff .
. (1st), (2nd), (3rd), (1st sub-
division).
Forfar .
. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th.
Kincardine .
. (1st).
Eifles—
Edinburgh City .
. 1st (16 companies).
Eenfrew
. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th.
Stirling
. 1st.
Lanark
. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th,
8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th,
(14th), 15th, (16th), (17th),
18th, (19th), (20th), 21st,
(22nd), 23rd.
Engineers and Mounted Rifles. 31
Ernes—
Aberdeen
. (1st), 6th, 7th, 8th, 1st sub-
division.
Roxburgh .
. 1st.
Eoss
. (1st).
Inverness
. 1st.
Forfar .
'. 1st (5 companies), 2nd, 3rd, 4th,
5th.
Perth .
. 1st, 2nd.
Berwick
. 1st.
Sutherland .
. 1st, 2nd.
The national
and p
itriotic character of the move-
ment was acknowledged in the Queen's Speech from
the Throne on the opening of Parliament in January
1860, in which Her Majesty said: "I have accepted
with gratification and pride the extensive offers of
service which I have received from my subjects. This
manifestation of public spirit has added an important
element to our system of national defence."
It will have been noticed that, in the earlier War
Office circulars, no mention was made of the formation
Formation of volunteer corps of other arms than artil-
M^mou'iited lerv and rifles, but this defect in the com-
rifies. position of the force, and in the utilisation
for military purposes of all classes of the civil popu-
lation in the arm of the service for which they were
best suited, soon led to offers being made for the
formation of engineer and mounted corps. The first
meeting with a view to the formation of a military
engineer corps in Scotland was held in Glasgow on
November 28, 1859, when a number of civil engineers,
architects, surveyors, and measurers agreed to offer
their services as a "Military Engineer Volunteer
Corps." This was the origin of the 1st Lanark
Engineer Volunteers. A second corps or company
was soon formed out of the overflow of the 1st, and
32 Origin and History of the Force.
somewhat later a similar corps was formed in Edin-
burgh. In the formation of engineer corps, Middlesex,
having led the way, was awarded the 1st place in
order of precedence, but Lanarkshire obtained 2nd,
and Edinburgh (City) 3rd.
The formation of mounted volunteers in Scotland
followed somewhat later, but for continuity's sake may
here be mentioned. It was not until March 1860 that
a party of gentlemen in the smoking-room at Dysart
House, Fife, read of the volunteer leve'e on March 7,
and of the appearance of the officers of the Huntingdon
Light Horse. Lord Loughborough (afterwards Lord
Rosslyn) said : " Why should we not have a cavalry
regiment in Fife ? " and asked Colonel Anstruther-
Thomson to undertake the organisation of one. A
paper was drawn out and passed round in the hunting-
field and at markets, and, after 111 names had been
signed to it, on March 20 the Lord- Lieutenant was
addressed on the subject. After correspondence with
the War Office, and the number of those willing to
join having increased to 135, on June 7 the War
Office approved of the formation of a "battalion" of
mounted rifles in Fife, to be composed of 4 corps
(companies). The Earl of Rosslyn was appointed to
command, and all the four captains of corps had already
served in the regular army. The men were mostly
well-to-do farmers, and the uniform adopted was as
like that of the Fife Hunt as possible. Fife was
awarded No. 9 in order of precedence in the mounted
rifle volunteer force. Such was the origin and com-
position of the mounted volunteer force in Scotland,
and it is worthy of note that it outlasted by many
years the corresponding force of light horse or mounted
rifles south of the Tweed. Corps were raised in Elgin,
Roxburgh, Dumfries, and Forfarshire in succession,
Progress in i860. 33,
and, though the Elgin corps had a merely ephemeral
existence, the Dumfries corps lasted from 1874 to
1880, and the Roxburgh (Border) corps for twenty-
years, from 1872 to 1892, and when it was disbanded
in the latter year the Fife and Forfar corps became
the sole representatives of the mounted arm of the
volunteers in Great Britain, and maintained an
honoured existence and their efficiency, in spite of
many adverse circumstances, until they were absorbed
in the Imperial Yeomanry force in 1901, in which
they became the Fife and Forfar Regiment.
On proof being afforded of the serious nature of
the movement, further official aid was not withheld,
progress of and on December 20, 1859, an issue of Enfield
elffy in8*'0" rifles, to bring the aggregate issue up to
i860. iqq per cen^ 0f £he effectives of the force,
was authorised. On February 18, 1860, the attach-
ment of non - commissioned officers of infantry and
artillery as drill-instructors, for periods of three months
at a time, at a rate of pay (from corps funds) of 2s. 6d.
a-day, with lodging-money in addition, was sanctioned.
In the same month adjutants were authorised for
brigades of artillery or battalions of rifles, to be
selected from officers who had served at least four
years in the regular or East India Company's forces
or embodied militia, who were to be paid (by Govern-
ment) 8s. a-day, and 2s. for forage for a horse, all
their other expenses being borne out of corps funds.
These officers were appointed for an indefinite period,
and it was only in 1872 that the system was changed,
the former adjutants being compelled to retire on
attaining sixty years of age, and all subsequent appoint-
ments to the position being made from the regular
army for a period of five years, during which officers
were seconded in their regiments.
c
34 Origin and History of the Force,
On March 24, 1860, a circular was issued from the
War Office regulating the higher organisation of the
volunteers, which had become necessary on account
of the large and unforeseen number of independent
companies formed. In towns where a number of
companies existed side by side, these might be con-
solidated into battalions, all the companies forming
one corps for all purposes, or they might be consoli-
dated for drill and administrative purposes only, the
companies forming in themselves distinct and financi-
ally independent bodies. In either case a major was
to be allowed for a battalion of 4, a lieutenant-colonel
for one of 6, a lieutenant-colonel and a major for one
of 8, and a lieutenant-colonel and two majors for one
of 9 to 12 companies, an adjutant being allowed in
all cases. If of more than 12 companies, the corps
was to constitute a regiment and be divided into two
battalions, each with field-officers in the above pro-
portions and an adjutant, the whole being commanded
by the senior lieutenant - colonel. In rural districts
the corps were to be grouped together in "adminis-
trative battalions," to ensure unity of system in cor-
respondence, drill, inspections, and returns, the corps
remaining distinct and financially independent. To
such battalions ("brigades" of artillery) of 4 or 5
companies a major might be appointed, to those of
6, 7, 8, or 9 a lieutenant-colonel, and to those of 10,
11, or 12 companies a lieutenant-colonel and a major,
with an adjutant in all cases. In forming an ad-
ministrative battalion, the locality of the corps and
not their numerical seniority was to be considered,
and it was recommended that at the first renewal
of clothing a uniform colour, &c, should be adopted
for all corps in the same battalion. Further instruc-
tions, defining the powers, duties, and responsibilities
The Inspector-General of Volunteers. 35
of an officer commanding an administrative battalion
(brigade), were issued on September 4, 1860, and they
also emphasised the independence in matters of finance,
corps rules, &c, of the corps composing it. In con-
sequence of these circulars, the formation of the
hitherto independent corps (companies or batteries)
into consolidated battalions (brigades of artillery) in
the cities, and into administrative battalions in the
rural districts, was actively taken in hand, and towards
the end of the year many new companies were formed
to complete the battalion establishments, the indi-
vidual small corps being all gradually absorbed in one
or other of these higher organisations in their own
county, or, in the case of small counties, in battalions
or brigades of artillery formed of the corps of two or
even more counties, as shown in Part II. in the records
of the individual corps.
On July 7, 1860, the Secretary of State for War
recommended to the General Commanding-in-Chief that
general officers commanding districts should occasion-
ally assemble and review the volunteers, and, on the
20th, instructions were given to them accordingly.
Colonel W. M. S. Macmurdo, C.B., who had organised
the Land Transport Corps in the Crimea, was ap-
pointed Inspector - General of the whole volunteer
force, and took up his duties at the end of March
1860, and under him were appointed, as assistant-
inspectors, field-officers of the regular army, one to
each of ten districts, into which the United Kingdom
was divided, whose duties were to carry out the annual
detailed inspections of volunteer corps, to regulate the
transmission of returns, and to see that all regulations
as to the storage of arms, drills, and musketry, &c,
were carried out. The 10th (South-west Scottish)
District, headquarters at Glasgow, comprised the
36 Origin and History of the Force.
counties of Dumfries, Kirkcudbright, Wigtown, Ayr,
Bute, Renfrew, Lanark, Argyll, and Dumbarton, the
9th (North-east Scottish), headquarters at Edinburgh,
the rest of Scotland. To the 10th Major Young was
appointed as assistant -inspector, to the 9th Lieut. -
Colonel Douglas Jones.
In keeping with the sentiments expressed in her
speech from the Throne in January 1860, the Queen
_ _ held a leve'e for volunteer officers at St
The Queen
and the James's Palace on March 7. The announce-
volunteers. ■■«■•#•
The Levee, ment of Her Majesty s intention aroused
Review?and tremendous enthusiasm throughout the
Ria«e°naI country, and caused a redoubling of the
Association. efforts made to organise corps, so that the
officers might have their commissions in time to ap-
pear before their sovereign. Railway companies
allowed volunteer officers to travel to London and
back for single fares, Lords-Lieutenant and members
of Parliament invited the officers of their counties
or constituencies to banquets in London, theatres
were thrown open to them, and the citizens of London
announced a grand banquet and ball in honour of
the occasion. At the levee the Queen was accom-
panied by H.R.H. the Prince Consort and Their Royal
Highnesses the Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, the
Duke of Cambridge, and Prince Frederick of the
Netherlands. Three thousand two hundred volunteer
officers from all parts of England and Scotland were
presented to Her Majesty by their Lords-Lieutenant,
or the Under-Secretary of State for War in his
absence. The grand banquet, at which the Duke
of Cambridge presided, was held the same evening
in St James's Hall, when over 1000 volunteer officers
were present, and hundreds were excluded for want
of room. His Royal Highness proposed in glowing
The First Volunteer Levde. 37
terms the health of " The Volunteer Service," and
the banquet was succeeded by a grand ball in the
Floral Hall of the Royal Italian Opera House.
The next honour done to the volunteer force by
the sovereign was the review of the south of England
corps by Her Majesty in Hyde Park, on Saturday,
June 23, 1860. The only Scottish corps attending
it was the 15th Middlesex (London Scottish), who
were in the 1st Battalion, 4th Brigade (commanded
by their colonel, Lord Elcho), 1st Division. The total
number of volunteers reviewed was 20,890.
Closely following on this, on July 2 the Queen
inaugurated the first great prize meeting of the
National Rifle Association at Wimbledon by firing
the first shot. This association had been formed for
the purpose of encouraging the formation of rifle
volunteer corps and the promotion of rifle -shooting
throughout Great Britain, and was formally consti-
tuted at a meeting held at the Thatched House
Tavern on November 16, 1859. The first president
was Mr Sydney Herbert, Secretary of State for
War, and the Queen headed the subscription list for
prizes by giving £250 as an annual prize, the com-
petition for which has always since been the great
event of the meeting. The first shot was fired by
the Queen from a Whitworth rifle, adjusted by Mr
Whitworth himself, and the result was a bull's-eye
at 400 yards.
On August 7, 1860, Her Majesty did the volunteers
of Scotland the honour of reviewing them in their
to al turn, the ground selected being Holy rood
Review in Park, the same on which their coming-of-
Edinburgh, . .
August 7, age review in 1881 and the Royal Review
of 1905 were subsequently held. The troops
were conveyed to Edinburgh by rail, by road, or by
38 Origin and History of the Force.
sea, and accommodation and refreshment were liberally-
provided in Edinburgh for those from a distance,
many of whom had to spend two to three days in
coming and going. None but volunteers took part
in the review, the ground being kept by the 13th
Light Dragoons and 78th Highlanders, and the music
for marching past supplied by the bands of the 29th
and 78th Regiments and the 1st West York Rifle
Militia. A grand stand had been erected, facing
Arthur's Seat, for 4000 spectators, the central por-
tion of which was draped with Royal Stuart tartan,
and in front of this, and in rear of the saluting
base, were drawn up the Royal Scottish Archers,
the Queen's Bodyguard for Scotland. Spectators,
variously estimated at from 200,000 to 300,000, cov-
ered the slopes of Arthur's Seat and crowded round
the review ground on all sides, giving an enthus-
iastic reception to the various corps as they marched
on to the ground.
The force was under the command of Lieut.-General
Sir G. A. Wetherall, K.C.B., and the troops reviewed
were as follows, the figures of strengths given being
the official totals of all ranks : —
1st Division: Majok-Genekal Lord Eokeby, KC.B.
1st Fife Mounted Eifle Volunteers, Major the Earl of
Kosslyn . . . . . . .84
1st Artillery Brigade : Colonel Maclean, R. A.
1st Battalion : Lieut.-Col. Morris, R.A.
1st City of Edinburgh (7 companies) ; 1st and 2nd (2
companies) Northumberland ; 1st Haddington ; 1st,
3rd, and 4th (3 companies) Durham ; 1st Newcastle-
on-Tyne ; and 1st Berwick A.V. . . . 869
The Royal Review of i860. 39
2nd Battalion: Lieut. -Col. Sir J. G. Baird, 1st Mid-
Lothian A.V.
1st (8 companies) and 2nd (2 companies) Mid-Lothian ;
1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Cumberland ; 1st Berwick-on-
Tweed j and 1st Kirkcudbright A.V. . . 714
3rd Battalion: Lieut. -Col. Anderson, C.B., E.A.
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th Forfar; 1st
Kincardine ; 1st Caithness ; and 4th Aberdeen A.V. 353
2nd Artillery Brigade : Colonel Gardiner, E.A.
1st Battalion : Captain A. Montgomery, 1st Ayr A.V.
1st, 2nd, and 3rd Eenfrew; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th
Ayr j 1st and 3rd Argyll ; 1st "Wigtown ; and 1st
and 2nd Dumbarton A.V. . . . .460
2nd Battalion : Captain W. H. Maitland Dougall, R.A.
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th Fife ; 1st Inver-
ness ; 1st and 2nd Stirling ; and 1st Nairn A.V. . 652
3rd Battalion : Major J. Reid Stewart, Lanark A.V.
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and
11th Lanark A. V 663
Engineers : Captain E. Johnstone, 1st Lanark E.V.
1st and 2nd Lanark and 1st City of Edinburgh E.V. . 198
Eifle Volunteers.
1st Brigade : Lieut.-Col. D. Davidson, Edinburgh E.V.
1st Battalion : Captain E. S. Gordon, Edinburgh E.V.
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 10th, 18th, and 1st
Highland Edinburgh E.V. . . . .706
2nd Battalion : Captain Sir G. Home, Bt., Edinburgh E.V.
8th, 9th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, and
2nd Highland Edinburgh E.V. . . .655
3rd Battalion : Major Arnaud, 1st Mid-Lothian E.V.
1st (5 companies), 2nd (2 companies), and 3rd (2
companies) Mid-Lothian; 1st and 2nd Eoxburgh;
and 1st Selkirk E.V. . . . .715
40 Origin and History of the Force.
4th Battalion : Captain Hon. A. F. Cathcart, Berwick E.V.
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Berwick ; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th,
and 5th Haddington ; 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 5th Kirk-
cudbright ; and 1st Berwick-on-Tweed E.V. . . 733
2nd Brigade : Lieut.-Col. Gordon, C.B.
1st Battalion : Captain G. L. Alison, 1st Forfar RV.
1st (7 companies), 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th (2 companies),
8th, 9th, and 10th Forfar RV. . . .835
2nd Battalion: Captain Sir T. Erskine, Bt., 3rd Fife E.V.
1st (2 companies), 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 8th Fife RV. 479
3rd Battalion : Major Potter, 1st Northumberland RV.
1st (4 companies), 2nd, 3rd, and 5th Northumberland ;
1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th Cumberland RV. . 674
4th Battalion : Lieut.-Col. Sir J. Fyfe, 3rd Durham RV.
3rd (4 companies), 6th, 7th (2 companies), 8th (2 com-
panies), 11th, and 13th Durham, and 1st Newcastle-
on-Tyne (7 companies) RV. .... 820
3rd Brigade : Lieut.-Col. N. T. Christie, late 38th Foot.
1st Battalion : Major Elton, 22nd Depot Battalion.
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th Stirling,
and 1st (2 companies) and 2nd Clackmannan B.V. . 743
2nd Battalion : Major Pitcairn, 23rd Depot Battalion.
1st (9 companies) and 7th Aberdeen; 1st Inverness
Administrative Battalion (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
Corps); 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Sutherland; and 1st
Nairn RV. 901
3rd Battalion: Major Sir A. Gordon Cumming, Bt., 1st
Perth RV.
1st (2 companies), 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 11th, and
12th Perth ; 4th Kincardine ; and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and
4th Elgin RV. . . . . .852
4th Battalion : Major the Marquis of Breadalbane, 3rd
Perth RV.
3rd Perth (3 companies) ; 2nd, 3rd (2 companies), 7th,
9th, and 10th Argyll ; and 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Lin-
lithgow RV. . . . . .859
The Royal Review of i860. 41
2nd Division: Major-General Cameron, C.B.
1st Brigade : Colonel Walter Hamilton, C.B.
1st Battalion : Major D. Latham, 1st A.B. Eenfrew E.V.
1st A.B. Eenfrew E.V., consisting of 1st (4 companies),
5th, 10th, 11th, and 22nd Corps . . .535
2nd Battalion: Lieut.-Col. J. Graham, 3rd A.B. Eenfrew
E.V.
2nd A.B. Eenfrew E.V., consisting of 3rd, 6th, 9th,
14th, 15th, 17th, and 24th Corps; and 3rd A.B.
Eenfrew E.V., consisting of 4th, 7th, 8th, 16th, 19th,
21st, and 23rd Corps . . . .446
3rd Battalion : Captain Hay Boyd, 3rd Ayrshire E.V.
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th Ayr E.V. . 559
2nd Brigade : Lieut.-Col. Sir A. Islay Campbell, 1st Lanark E.V.
1st Battalion : Major Eobertson, 1st Lanark E.V.
1st Battalion 1st Lanark E.V., consisting of 1st, 9th,
11th, 15th, 17th, 33rd, 39th, and 79th Corps . 535
2nd Battalion : Major Macquorne Eankine, 1st Lanark E.V.
2nd Battalion 1st Lanark E.V., consisting of 2nd, 18th,
50th, 53rd, 63rd, 72nd, 76th, and 77th Corps . 517
3rd Battalion : Major D. Eeid, 19th (2nd Glasgow Northern)
L.E.V.
19th Lanark E.Y. (7 companies) 1 592
4th Battalion: Major D. B. Macbrayne, 3rd Glasgow
Northern L.B.V.
3rd Glasgow Northern Battalion (comprising 51st,
67th, 74th, 80th, 81st, 83rd, 89th, and 91st Lanark
RV.) and 1st Bute E.V. . . . .583
3rd Brigade : Lieut.-Col. J. Tennant, 4th Lanark E.V.
1st Battalion : Major J. F. Jamieson, 1st Glasgow Northern
L.E.V.
4th Lanark (1st Glasgow Northern) (6 companies);
60th and 61st Lanark E.V. . . .562
: Including the 85th Corps.
42 Origin and History of the Force.
2nd Battalion: Lieut. -Col. W. Stirling, 7th Battalion
Lanark RV.
5th, 21st, 34th, 35th, 49th, 58th, 59th, 64th, 65th,
66th, and 90th Lanark RV. . . .586
3rd Battalion : Major Rigby, 6th Battalion Lanark RV.
25th, 26th, 27th, 40th, 43rd, 48th, 68th, 69th, 70th,
and 71st Lanark RV. . . . .582
4th Battalion: Major A. Crum Ewing, 4th Battalion
Lanark E.V.
29th, 30th, 31st, 32nd, 38th, 45th, 46th, 47th, 54th,
75th, 84th, and 86th Lanark E.V. . . .730
4th Brigade : Lieut.-Col. J. M. Gartshore, 1st A.B.
Dumbarton RV.
1st Battalion : Major S. Simpson, 3rd Battalion Lanark RV.
16th, 42nd, 44th, 52nd, 56th, 57th, 37th, 55th, and
73rd Lanark RV 765
2nd Battalion : Major Dawson, 1st A.B. Dumbarton RV.
1st A.B. Dumbarton RV, consisting of the 1st, 2nd,
3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th Corps . 649
3rd Battalion : Major Walker, Inspector of Musketry.
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th, and 8th Dumfries, and 1st,
2nd, 3rd, and 4th Wigtown RV. . . .495
4th Battalion: Lieut.-Col. the Hon. W. F. Scarlett, Scots
Fusilier Guards.
3rd, 10th, 14th, 22nd, 78th, 82nd, and 87th Lanark R V. 413
The total of all ranks on parade was 21,514, in 348
companies.
The Queen arrived in Edinburgh at 8 A.M. and
drove to Holyrood Palace, escorted by the 13th Light
Dragoons. After a visit in the forenoon to the
Duchess of Kent, her mother, at Cramond, near
Edinburgh, at 3.40 p.m. Her Majesty left Holyrood
for the review ground, again escorted by the 13th
Light Dragoons, and accompanied by Their Royal
The Royal Review of i860. 43
Highnesses the Prince Consort, the Duchess of Kent,
Princes Arthur and Leopold, and Princesses Alice,
Helena, and Louise. The Prince Consort rode on the
right of the Queen's carriage, the Duke of Buccleuch,
Lord-Lieutenant of Edinburgh and Captain of the
Bodyguard of Scottish Archers, on the left, and the
Lords-Lieutenant of counties followed on horseback.
The troops were formed up in line of quarter- columns
along the base of Arthur's Seat, and Her Majesty drove
along the line and took post at the saluting base, where
the Royal Standard of Scotland was displayed. The
march past was then carried out, after which the troops
again formed into line of quarter-columns, advanced in
review order, gave a royal salute, and finished up with
three cheers, in which the spectators lustily joined. It
was a proud moment for Scotland !
The day was hot and dusty, and the troops, un-
accustomed as they were to long periods under arms,
were highly tried, but that they acquitted themselves
well is evident from the following Order, published by
the Adjutant-General after the review : —
Hoese Guards, S.W., August 10, 1860.
The Adjutant-General has received the Queen's command to
convey her thanks to the several corps of Artillery and Rifle
Volunteers assembled at Edinburgh on the 7th inst., and to
assure them of the satisfaction and gratification with which Her
Majesty beheld the magnificent spectacle there presented to her.
Her Majesty could not see, without admiration, the soldier-like
bearing of the different corps as they passed before her, and she
finds in the high state of efficiency to which they have attained,
in an incredibly short space of time, another proof that she may
at all times rely on the loyalty and patriotism of her people
for the defence, in the hour of need, of the freedom and integrity
of the Empire.
By order,
J. Yokke Scarlett, A.-G.
44 Origin and History of the Force.
It is worthy of note that all the expenses attendant
on this review were borne by the volunteers out of
their own pockets or subscribed for from private
sources.
On January 19, 1861, were published, by authority
of the Secretary of State for War, the first ' Regula-
The Reguia- tions for the Volunteer Force/ which codified
tionsof 1861. an(j consolidated all previous circulars and
orders and superseded them. The main features of
these regulations, by clauses, were : —
Clause 6. The force is composed of light horse,
artillery, engineer, mounted rifle, and rifle volunteers.
Its objects (7) are to supplement the regular, militia,
and other forces in the country.
8. The establishments of all ranks of enrolled volun-
teers for each arm are : Light horse troop, minimum
50, maximum 80, artillery battery 50-80, engineer or
rifle company 60-100, mounted rifle company 43-70.
The staffs of battalions (as laid down in the circular of
March 24, 1860) to be included in the total establish-
ments allowed for the companies of these units.
9 to 13. Offers for the formation of a corps are to be
made through the Lord-Lieutenant of the county, and
certain conditions as to numbers, headquarters, store-
house, and range must be complied with. An officer
will then be detailed by the War Office to inspect all
the proposed arrangements, and only if his report be
satisfactory will the offer of service be laid before the
sovereign for acceptance.
14. Engineer corps should be composed of engineers,
masons, joiners, quarrymen, railway employes, &c.
16 to 19. Information required before the formation
of an artillery corps is sanctioned.
20, 21. If an increase of a corps is projected, the
proposed minimum establishment must have been at-
The Regulations of 1861. 45
tained (including those ready to be enrolled) before the
increased establishment can be sanctioned, and, if the
strength of a corps falls below its minimum, its estab-
lishment is liable to be reduced.
22 to 27. The volunteer force takes precedence after
the militia, its arms ranking in the order given in clause
6. The precedence of counties in each arm is separate,
and is arrived at in the manner explained on page 23.
Officers rank according to date of commission in their
rank and junior to militia officers of the same rank.
29 to 31. Corps are numbered in each arm and
county according to their precedence, and special titles
may be authorised in addition to the numbers. When
a corps is disbanded or absorbed in a senior one, its
number remains vacant.
32 to 39. Commissioned officers, except adjutants,
are nominated by the Lords - Lieutenant and their
names submitted for the sovereign's approval, resigna-
tions being similarly submitted. Certain fees have to
be paid on officers' commissions. Officers on full pay
are only eligible for honorary commissions.
40, 41. Two substantive commissions in the force
cannot be held by one individual. If two corps have
been raised by one person, he may be appointed com-
manding officer of both, but on actual service must
resign the command of one of them.
42. Captains commanding corps of more than one
company may be appointed captains- commandant.
43. Quartermasters and paymasters are not allowed,
but supernumerary lieutenants may be enrolled to per-
form these duties.
44. 45. Officers holding 1st class musketry certifi-
cates may be appointed musketry instructors, but if
they have not this certificate they may only be ap-
pointed acting instructors.
46 Origin and History of the Force.
46 to 50. Honorary colonels, chaplains, assistant-
surgeons, and veterinary surgeons may be appointed,
but the two latter classes receive no pay.
51. Substantive officers must be effective members
of their corps.
52 to 54. Non-commissioned officers, including lance-
serjeants and lance-corporals, are appointed by the
commanding officer, and may be reduced by him after
investigation of their conduct by a court of inquiry.
55. No person below seventeen years of age may be
enrolled as a volunteer, nor (56) any pensioner, without
the consent of the Secretary of State, nor (57) any
apprentice without that of his master.
58, 59. Enrolled members are classed as effective
and non-effective. To be counted effective a member
must have taken the oath of allegiance and attended,
properly equipped, the prescribed number of drills.
60. Drills need not be on consecutive days, and one-
half of them must be musters of the whole corps.
61. All members not complying with these conditions
are counted as non-effective.
62. 63. Supernumerary members are not to be en-
rolled without authority, and are not entitled to the
exemptions granted to volunteers by Act of Parliament.
Honorary members are not included in the muster-roll,
and may not interfere with the military duties of the
corps, but they may wear its uniform.
64. Each corps must have an approved code of rules,
which (65) must be certified by the Secretary of State.
66. Courts of inquiry may be assembled by Lords-
Lieutenant to investigate any subject. They are not
judicial bodies, and cannot administer oaths.
67 to 70. Small corps should be grouped into admin-
istrative battalions, regiments, or brigades, to receive
uniformity of drill and to afford them the advantage
The Regulations of 1861. 47
of the services of an adjutant ; but this organisation
is not to interfere with their constitution or financial
arrangements, nor are they to be required to meet
for united drill save with their own cod sent. Pro-
posals for such grouping are to be made by the
Lords -Lieutenant, and the corps are to be grouped
by localities.
71. The staffs allowed for administrative battalions
are as given in the circular of March 24, 1860 (page
72. The administrative battalions, &c, in a county
are to be numbered consecutively, and (73) head-
quarters assigned to them in addition to those of the
corps composing them.
74. Four-company battalions, &c, are only to be
formed when no more companies are available in the
county, and (75) the adjutant of a corps administra-
tively united with others will be recommissioned as
adjutant of the administrative battalion.
76. Corps of adjoining counties may be united into
an administrative battalion.
77. The field-officer commanding an administrative
battalion has general charge of the drill and discipline
of the several corps, inspects them occasionally, and is
responsible that uniformity in drill is preserved. He
commands any portion of his battalion assembled for
drill.
78. No officer of a corps in an administrative battalion
has any authority over those of others, but when as-
sembled for combined drill the senior commands.
79 to 82. Contain regulations for the appointment of
field-officers of administrative battalions.
83. An administrative battalion cannot have rules
having legal force distinct from those of the corps
composing it.
48 Origin and History of the Force.
84 to 86. Small corps may be attached to others for
drill or for the services of an adjutant.
87 to 91. The force may not assemble in greater
strength than one brigade without the sanction of the
Secretary of State, obtained through the Lord-
Lieutenant.
92. Eeviews of volunteers may be held from time to
time by General Officers Commanding, but no volun-
teer corps can be compelled to attend. Volunteers
may (93) be brigaded with other forces.
94. At shooting matches, &c, the senior officer pres-
ent takes command and is responsible for the main-
tenance of order and discipline among the volunteers
under arms.
95 to 97. Volunteer corps choose their own uniform
and accoutrements, subject to the approval of the
Lord-Lieutenant. No gold lace is allowed. The colour
should be uniform in each county or in administrative
battalions. The Dress Regulations of the Army are to
be followed as to badges of rank.
98. Every volunteer should be provided with a ser-
vice kit, in addition to the articles worn or carried on
his person, and (99) the pouches of riflemen should hold
sixty rounds.
100, 101. Officers and Serjeants may wear side-arms
when off duty. Neither standards nor colours are to
be carried.
102 to 112. Instructions for the issue and care of the
Government arms to be supplied gratuitously from
stores for the full number of enrolled members of
corps.
113 to 126. The proportion of ammunition to be
issued to corps annually for each enrolled member
The Regulations of 1861. 49
Gratis.
On Payment.
1st Tear of Service —
Ball™
Blank.
Caps.
Ball!"
Blank. Caps.
Light Horse
Artillery ....
Engineers and Rifles .
70
70
110
10
10
20
98
98
163
50
50
110
55
100 231
2nd and subsequent Years of
Service —
Light Horse
Artillery ....
Engineers and Rifles .
50
50
90
60
55
53
165
70
70
130
77
77
60 209
Artillery are allowed 80 shot and 20 shell of big-gun
ammunition per battery, and £7, 13s. for the purchase
of floating, or £2, 10s. for land targets. Guns are
issued from store, and assistance is given in the con-
struction of batteries, but the sites for these must be
provided by the corps.
127 to 146. Adjutants are appointed under the
Queen's commission on the recommendation of the
Lord-Lieutenant. They must be under fifty years of
age, and have previously served : for light horse,
mounted rifles, or rifles, 4 years in the Imperial or
Indian forces ; for artillery, 2 years as an officer or 8
as a non-commissioned officer in the Royal, Indian, or
Marine Artillery ; for engineers, 2 years as an officer or
8 as a non-commissioned officer in the Royal or Indian
Engineers ; with certain exceptions in favour of officers
who have served in the embodied militia, and reductions
of the obligatory periods in the case of those who hold
1st class musketry certificates. Adjutants may not
hold any other appointment or employment ; their pay is
8s. a-day besides 2s. for the keep of a horse, and £4 per
annum is allowed for every company in the battalion to
cover contingent expenses, postage, &c. A special allow-
ance of 2s. a-day in lieu of travelling expenses is given
to adjutants of administrative battalions. Adjutants are
not allowed to hold regimental commissions, nor to take
D
50 Origin and History of the Force.
command in virtue of their rank when volunteer officers
are present. They are subject to the Mutiny Act and
Articles of War. Their duties are connected with the
instruction of the corps and its military efficiency, but
they are not to take part in its non- military or financial
affairs. Special rates of pension are laid down for
volunteer adjutants.
147 to 170. The Serjeant instructors are under the
adjutant, and are subject to the Mutiny Act and
Articles of War. They are obtained by the transfer of
non-commissioned officers of the regular army with at
least 18 years' service, who are then borne as super-
numeraries in their regiments until the time of their
discharge occurs, and are provided in the proportion, for
rifle corps, of 1 to corps of 1 to 3 companies, 2 for 4 to
7 companies, and 3 for 8 companies or upwards, and in
similar proportions for the other arms. One of them
may in each corps be appointed serjeant-major. The
daily pay is 2s. 4d. if in receipt of a pension, 2s. 7d. if
not, and 6d. extra if acting as serjeant-major. They
may serve on after discharge from the army. Drill in-
structors may also be obtained under certain conditions
from the permanent staff of the disembodied militia.
171 to 173. Volunteers may attend classes of mus-
ketry instruction at the School of Musketry for periods
of fourteen working days, paying all their personal
expenses, but having ammunition issued free.
174. A rifle-range must extend to 200, but it is desir-
able that it should extend to 900 yards.
175. Corps without adjutants may not fire blank or
ball ammunition in military formation until the assist-
ant-inspector of the district pronounces the members
to be qualified to do so.
176. Only Government ammunition is to be used in
testing the sights of Enfield rifles.
The Regulations of 1861. 5r
177 to 179. Refer to badges for good shooting (rifles
embroidered horizontally on the sleeve, with 1, 2, or
3 stars above them according to proficiency).
180. Details the musketry practices to be performed,
which vary with the length of the range.
181. The drill, &c, books to be used in the instruc-
tion of the volunteers are the same as those in use in
the regular army.
182 to 184. Officers of volunteers may be attached
for instruction to the regular army or militia for periods
not exceeding one month.
185 to 195. Deal with correspondence and returns.
196 to 198. Deal with the appointment and duties of
assistant-inspectors of volunteers (see page 35).
These regulations have been quoted at some length
as they mark a distinct stage in the development of the
volunteer force, and its final recognition as part of the
defensive forces of the Crown. The former haphazard
organisation is done away with, the small corps are
combined into higher organisations provided with
adequate staff, adjutants, and instructors, a system of
inspection is provided for, a programme of drill and
musketry laid down, and the drill regulations of the
regular army are frankly adopted, the old idea of a
very elementary course of instruction being sufficient
for volunteers having become an exploded notion.
In Scotland the carrying into effect of the provi-
sions of the new regulations as to the higher organi-
The force in sation of the force was actively pushed for-
.86.-62. ward 'm lg61} an(J the extent to which
consolidated corps in cities and administrative bat-
talions or artillery brigades in the counties were
formed may be seen from a comparison of Appendix
E, which shows the composition and enrolled strength
of the force on April 1, 1862, with the list of corps
52 Origin and History of the Force.
already given as taking part in the Royal Review of
August 7, 1860. '
From the return of April 1, 1862, it will be seen
that the force then consisted of —
Artillery. — 3 consolidated city corps, 7 administrative brigades,
and 35 small corps of from \ battery to 2 batteries, — in all,
107f batteries, with 6582 enrolled members.
Engineers. — 3 corps of 1 company each, with 235 enrolled
members.
Mounted Rifles. — 1 corps of 4 troops, with 160 enrolled
members.
Rifles. — 11 consolidated city and 1 consolidated country (1st
Sutherland) corps of 4 or more companies, 28 administra-
tive battalions, and 34 small corps of from \ company to
2 companies, — in all, 372 companies, with 27,263 enrolled
members.
Total Force. — 34,240 enrolled members.
The training and discipline of the force improved
pari passu with its organisation : in shooting the
volunteers took a leading part in the country, their
marksmen even showing the way to the regular army,
and through them a taste for rifle -shooting was de-
veloped throughout the country. Prize - lists were
subscribed for in all corps ; local bodies, landowners,
merchants, and the heads of great works and firms
offered prizes or trophies for shooting, and provincial
rifle associations, on the model of the National Rifle
Association, sprang up all over the country. A healthy
rivalry between corps was also established by the insti-
tution of matches, and the records of the volunteers of
those days teem with descriptions of the interest which
these excited, not only in the corps, but in the locality
from which they were recruited.
These developments in the movement, and the
organisation of the single corps into larger units, led,
The Royal Commission of 1862. 53
however, to fresh outlays. Larger drill-halls and stores
were required, and regularly organised and equipped
ranges were demanded, and thus expenses increased.
The uniforms first obtained also began to wear out, and
as the first enthusiasm abated the subscriptions both
of members and of friends of the movement began to
fall off. Some corps disappeared altogether or became
amalgamated with others, and all sorts of expedients —
bazaars, concerts, balls, &c. — were resorted to to raise
funds ; but it soon became evident that such sources of
income were no longer to be relied upon. In all the
large centres public meetings were held to urge upon
Government that a money grant was absolutely neces-
sary to the existence of the force. In Glasgow such a
meeting was held, under the presidency of the Lord
Provost, in the Merchants' Hall on January 9, 1861,
and at it resolutions were passed that measures should
be adopted for giving the force continuous national
support, and that such measures should comprehend
an annual pecuniary grant. The London commanding
officers also took the matter in hand and invited the
co-operation of their provincial brethren, and on Feb-
ruary 23, 1861, similar resolutions were passed at a
meeting at the Thatched House Tavern.
The War Office was quite alive to the difficulties
of the force, and on January 13, 1862, a letter was
- m , addressed by the Inspector-General of Volun-
The Royal i * • T
commission teers to the Assistant-Inspectors, calling for
their opinions on various points. The replies
showed such an unsatisfactory state of affairs to exist
in the force that on May 16 a Royal Commission was
issued to Colonel Viscount Eversley, A.D.C., Hants
V.C. ; the Earl of Ducie ; Lieut. - Colonel Viscount
Hardinge, 2nd A.B. Kent R.V. ; Lieut. -Colonel Lord
Elcho, 15th Middlesex R.V. ; Lord Overstone ; the
54 Origin and History of the Force.
Right Hon. E. P. Bouverie, M.P. ; Lieut. - Colonel
Barttelot, 2nd A.B. Sussex R.V. ; Lieut. -Colonel Sir
A. Islay Campbell, Bt., 1st Lanark R.V. ; Lieut. -
General Sir G. A. Wetherall, K.C.B. ; Major-General
H. Eyre ; Colonel W. M. S. Macmurdo, C.B. (Inspector-
General of Volunteers) ; Lieut. -Colonel A. S. Glad-
stone, 5th Lancashire R.V. ; and Major E. M. V.
Hartcourt, 4th Cinque Ports R.V., "to inquire into
the present condition of our Volunteer Force in Great
Britain and into the probability of its continuance at
its existing strength, and to report whether any meas-
ures should be adopted for the purpose of increasing its
efficiency as an auxiliary means of national defence."
The Commission commenced its labours on May 27,
and held its last meeting on July 15, between which dates
it examined fifty-one witnesses, of whom the following
represented Scotland : H. G. Bell, Esq., Sheriff-Sub-
stitute of Lanarkshire ; Lieut. -Colonel Stirling Craw-
ford, 1st Lanark A.V. ; Lieut. -Colonel D. Dreghorn,
3rd Lanark R.V. ; Captain Innes, 1st Kincardine A.V. ;
Captain M'Grigor and Ensign J. Lockhart, 1st Lanark
R.V. ; Captain Page (adjutant), Captain MacGregor,
and Colour- Sergeant Pettie, London Scottish R.V. ;
Lieut. -Colonel Stirling, 5th Lanark R.V. ; and Major
Warrender, Haddington R.V. The Commission also
issued a series of questions to all officers commanding
corps. At the conclusion of its labours the Commission
presented its report, which was published on October
29, 1862, and recommended that an annual capitation
grant of £1 should be paid to the commanding officer
of each rifle corps for every man who had attended nine
drills in the year, six of which were to be battalion
drills in the case of consolidated and three in that of
administrative battalions; that a further grant of 10s.
should be given for every rifleman who fired sixty
The Volunteer Act of 1863. 55
rounds in class-firing and passed out of the 3rd class ;
and that for artillery corps the annual capitation grant
should be 30s. for each efficient.
The recommendations of the Commission were con-
sidered by Government, and adopted almost in their
The v iun entirety, the new state-supported character of
teer Act of the force being recognised by the passing by
,863' Parliament (July 21, 1863) of the "Volun-
teer Act, 1863," which to the end remained the con-
trolling statute of the volunteer force. Its main provi-
sions were that all volunteers had to take the oath of
allegiance; that a volunteer, except when on actual
military service, might quit his corps on giving fourteen
days' notice, delivering up his arms and uniform in good
order, and paying any arrears of money due from him
under corps rules ; that, " in case of actual or appre-
hended invasion," her Majesty might direct the Lords-
Lieutenant to call out the volunteers for actual military
service, when any one not responding to the call was
liable to be dealt with as a deserter ; and that any
volunteer so called out should be entitled to the sum
of £2, 2s. for necessaries, and should receive pay and
relief for his wife or family, and be billeted or quartered
the same as a militiaman. Volunteers were to be ex-
empt from ballot for service in the militia. The con-
ditions of volunteer efficiency were to be defined by an
Order in Council, issued from time to time, and accord-
ingly on July 23, 1863, such an Order was issued laying
down these conditions, which were as above stated in
the recommendations of the Commission, with the addi-
tion that recruits had to perform thirty squad, company,
or battalion drills. It had to be certified that the volun-
teer possessed a competent knowledge of squad, com-
pany, and preliminary musketry drill, and had been pre-
sent at the annual inspection of the corps, to enable him
56 Origin and History of the Force.
to be classed as efficient. For arms other than rifles
the conditions of efficiency were similar to the above.
On this Act and the Order in Council were based
the Volunteer Regulations of 1863, which replaced
Thevoiun- those of 1861. The principal new provisions
tfonsR0ei8:u,a" were that for each efficient volunteer, as de-
1863. fined above, £1 of annual capitation grant
should be allowed, with, in addition, 10s. for each who
had fired twenty rounds each in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd
periods of musketry instruction, and, in one of the
three, had passed into the 2nd class ; also 4s. a-year
for each member of an administrative battalion belong-
ing to corps at a greater distance than five miles from
headquarters, to cover the cost of attendance at united
drill. Among the minor changes introduced by these
regulations was an order that all corps of an adminis-
trative battalion were to be dressed alike, and that
cloth for uniforms, cut out and basted, was to be issued
at cost price from the Army Clothing Dep6t. The pay
of adjutants was increased from 8s. to 10s. a-day, and
they were obliged to give security in their new capacity
as acting paymasters, for to them was now entrusted
the receipt and disbursement of the capitation allow-
ances. The formation of cadet corps attached to
volunteer units, and composed of boys of twelve years
of age and upwards, was sanctioned. They were to be
officered by gentlemen holding honorary commissions,
and ten per cent of arms were to be issued to enable
those of sufficient age to carry on rifle practice.
The regulations of 1863 were followed by a marked
„, M improvement in the volunteer force, which
The force r . , *
from 1863 from that year began to increase in numbers
and efficiency. The percentage of volunteers
to population was 1 —
1 From Berry's ' History of the Volunteer Infantry.'
The Volunteers from 1863 to 1873. 57
In 1861.
In 1871.
England
•629
•655
Wales .
•655
•620
Scotland
1119
1-316
— from which figures ic is gratifying to note that the
proportion of volunteers was in Scotland in 1861 nearly,
and in 1871 more than, twice as great as in England or
Wales.
The organisation of the force in Scotland was also
rapidly pushed forward on the lines indicated above,
and, as will be seen from the corps' records, by the close
of the year 1863 all the smaller corps mentioned above
as still independent on April 1, 1862, had been either
organised into administrative battalions or, in a very
few cases, attached to larger corps.
The reclothing of the force was carried out as laid
down in the regulations, and it is noticeable how in
Scotland the strong national military spirit asserted
itself at this time in the matter of the assumption of
national uniforms. In 1860 there had been little differ-
ence between the uniforms of the Scottish and English
corps, but in 1863 and 1864, while the whole of the
artillery and engineer corps adopted the uniform of
their regular branches, there were few Scottish rifle
corps which did not adopt either tartans, in the form
of trews or kilts, or the diced band round their caps,
and those which did not do so simply copied the
uniforms of the regular line infantry or rifles. It is
remarkable how many at this period assumed the
traditional scarlet, no fewer than thirteen battalions,
or nearly one-third of the then organised force, having
adopted it in 1864, at a time when it was hardly worn
at all south of the Border.
The cadet corps movement did not at all meet with
approval in Scotland at first, and the only such corps
58 Origin and History of the Force.
formed before 1871 was that attached to the 3rd Edin-
burgh and formed by Captain John Hope in 1867 of
teetotallers. The next raised was a school corps, at
Glenalmond, in 1875, attached to the 1st Perthshire
Administrative Battalion, and it was followed by a
third, attached to the 1st Forfarshire R.V. in Dundee,
formed in 1881; but these three were the only cadet
corps existing in Scotland at the date of the coming-of-
age review in the latter year.
There is little to chronicle in this period of steady
development of the volunteer force ; but the end of
it was marked by the re-armament of the infantry
portion of it with a breech -loading rifle, for on
September 1, 1870, it was announced that the issue
of Snider -Enfield rifles to the volunteers was sanc-
tioned, and the corps received them in the following
year.
In 1871 a most important change was made in the
constitution of the volunteers, for in that year, by
Transfer of the "Regulation of the Forces Act, 1871,"
tromtZm the "jurisdiction, powers, duties, command,
tenant to*"" anc^ privileges" over the volunteers, hitherto
the crown, vested in the Lords-Lieutenant, were trans-
ferred to Her Majesty, to be exercised by her through
the Secretary of State ; and in consequence of this
the commissions of officers were henceforth issued by
Her Majesty in the same manner as for officers of the
regular forces, the Lords-Lieutenant only retaining the
power of recommending candidates for first appoint-
ment. This Act also provided that, when any portion
of the volunteer force was assembled for the purpose
of being trained or exercised along with militia or
regular forces, it should be subject to the Mutiny Act
and Articles of War.
The lessons taught by the Franco -German War of
First Manoeuvres in 1872. 59
1870-71 were taken to heart in Great Britain, and
one of the first results of their study was
the institution of manoeuvres of all arms on
a large scale. These were first carried out near
Aldershot in 1871, but in the following year were
repeated on a more ambitious scale on Salisbury
Plain, and in the latter manoeuvres the Scottish vol-
unteers, for the first time as formed bodies, made their
appearance in the great training camps of the south
of England. The 3rd Provisional Volunteer Battalion,
formed to take part in these manoeuvres, was com-
manded by Lieut. -Colonel J. H. A. Macdonald of the
Queen's Edinburgh, and in the battalion was included
a detachment of 6 officers and 100 men of his corps,
who, it is recorded, " acquitted themselves creditably."
Another lesson learned was the necessity for im-
proving the instruction of the officers of the force,
and by "Auxiliary and Reserve Forces Circular" of
May 28, 1872, various measures in this direction were
ordered. An age limit of sixty years for officers was
introduced, on attaining which they had to resign
their commissions, five years' extension being allowed
only in special cases. Officers were required within
one year of first appointment or promotion to pass
an examination for the rank to which they had been
appointed or promoted, and those who failed to pass
or who did not attend the number of drills required
for efficiency were called on to resign. Schools of
instruction for officers were opened at Shoeburyness
for artillery, Chatham for engineers, Aldershot,
London, Manchester, and Glasgow for rifles, with
courses lasting a month, during which the officers
attending were to receive 5s. a-day, together with
quarters, fuel, light, and travelling expenses ; and at
the conclusion of the course, and on passing the
60 Origin and History of the Force.
examination, each was to be given a certificate, and
"P.S." was to be entered after his name in the Army
List. A special capitation allowance of £2, 10s. a-year
was granted to those who obtained this certificate,
and this was to continue as long as the officer was
certified proficient by his commanding officer. Officers
might also be attached for instruction to the regulars
or militia for a month, and at the end might be
examined by a board of officers and granted a certifi-
cate of proficiency, in which case "P." was to be
placed after their names in the Army List.
Under the provisions of the same circular, measures
were also taken to improve the higher training of the
units. To constitute a " battalion drill," it was laid
down that 100 of all ranks (including 16 officers and
Serjeants) must be present. If absent from inspection,
volunteers were required to perform two extra drills
to be classed as efficient, and rifle corps were required
to attend, with at least half their strength, one brigade
drill in the year of two hours' duration under a regular
officer, Is. a-man being allowed for travelling expenses
— a great advance this, indeed, on the idea of 1859 of
the company being the highest volunteer unit !
" A portion " of the force was also allowed to form
regimental camps of exercise to last three clear days,
during which the annual inspection was to be made.
Travelling expenses were to be borne by the public,
and 10s. a-man was to be allowed for volunteers
remaining eight (of which six clear) days, and £1
for those doing thirteen clear days in camp. Officers
were to receive 2s. 6d. a-day for field-officers, Is. 6d.
for captains, and Is. a-day for subalterns while in
camp, and greatcoats were to be lent from store to
all ranks while in camp. Thus was inaugurated the
system of volunteer training in camp, which after-
Territorial Organisation of 1873. 61
wards received such great extension ; but certain
corps had already taken time by the forelock, and
in 1869 the first volunteer camp had been held in
Scotland, the 2nd Administrative Battalion Aberdeen-
shire R.V., afterwards the 2nd Volunteer Battalion
Gordon Highlanders, having in that year gone into
and been inspected in camp at Haddo House.
It was by this circular, as mentioned on p. 33, that
the adjutants were directed to be appointed for five
years only, and taken from captains of the army on
full or half pay.
In the year 1873 a most important step was taken
in the organisation of the volunteer force, which was
the beginning of their closer association
Territorial & & .
organisation with the regular forces and the militia.
By General Regulations and Instructions
of July 24, 1873, there were brought into force the
recommendations of the Localisation Committee of
1872. The United Kingdom was divided into seventy
infantry sub-districts, each consisting of a certain area,
to each of which were assigned for recruiting pur-
poses, as a normal rule, two line battalions, two
militia battalions, and the volunteers of the area.
Of the line battalions, one was nominally to be
stationed abroad, the other (which fed the foreign
battalion in peace) at home, and two companies of
each were to be permanently quartered at sub-district
headquarters to form the brigade depot. The dep6t,
the militia and volunteer battalions, and the army
reserve men were constituted the " sub-district brigade,"
and were placed under the orders of the lieutenant-
colonel commanding the sub-district brigade depot, who
was charged with the training and inspection of all
the infantry of the auxiliary forces.
In the North British District (as the Scottish Com-
62 Origin and History of the Force.
mand was then termed) the infantry sub-districts were
as follows : —
No. 55. — Counties of Orkney and Shetland, Sutherland, Caith-
ness, Eoss and Cromarty, Inverness, Nairn, and Elgin. Depot
at Fort George.
Eegular Battalions — 71st and 78th Foot.
Militia » Highland Light Infantry and High-
land Eifles.
Volunteers — 1st A.B. Eoss, 1st A.B. Inverness, 1st A.B.
Sutherland, and 1st A.B. Elgin.
No. 56. — Counties of Aberdeen, Banff, and Kincardine. Depot
at Aberdeen.
Eegular Battalions — 92nd and 93rd Foot.
Militia n Eoyal Aberdeen (2nd battalion not
yet formed).
Volunteers — 1st Aberdeen E.V., 1st, 2nd, and 3rd A.B.
Aberdeen, 1st A.B. Kincardine, and 1st
A.B. Banff.
No. 57.— Counties of Forfar, Perth and Fife. Depot at Perth.
Eegular Battalions — 42nd and 79th Foot.
Militia n Eoyal Perth (2nd battalion not yet
formed).
Volunteers— 1st Forfar E.V., 1st A.B. Forfar, 10th Forfar
E.V., 1st and 2nd A.B. Perth, and 1st
A.B. Fife.
No. 58. — Counties of Eenfrew, Bute, Stirling, Dumbarton, Argyll,
Kinross, and Clackmannan. Depot at Stirling.
Eegular Battalions — 72nd and 91st Foot.
Militia n Highland Borderers L.I., and Eoyal
Eenfrew.
Volunteers — 1st, 2nd, and 3rd A.B. Eenfrew, 1st A.B. Stir-
ling, 1st A.B. Argyll, 1st A.B. Dumbarton,
and 1st A.B. Clackmannan and Kinross.
No. 59. — County of Lanark. Depot at Hamilton.
Eegular Battalions — 26th and 74th Foot.
Militia m 1st Eoyal Lanark (two battalions).
Volunteers— 1st, 3rd, 4th, 16th, and 29th Lanark E.V.
Territorial Organisation of 1873. 63
No. 60. — County of Lanark. Depot at Hamilton.
Eegular Battalions — 73rd and 90th Foot.
Militia 11 2nd Eoyal Lanark (two battalions).
Volunteers— 19th, 25th, 31st, and 105th Lanark E.V., and
3rd A.B. Lanark.
No. 61. — Counties of Ayr, Wigtown, Kirkcudbright, Dumfries,
Selkirk, and Eoxburgh. Depot at Ayr.
Eegular Battalions — 21st Foot (two battalions).
Militia n Scottish Borderers, and Eoyal Ayr
and Wigtown.
Volunteers — 1st A.B. Eoxburgh and Selkirk, 1st and 2nd
A.B. Ayr, 1st A.B. Dumfries, and 1st A.B.
Galloway.
No. 62. — Counties of Edinburgh, Peebles, Haddington, Berwick,
and Linlithgow. Depot at Glencorse.
Eegular Battalions — 1st Foot (two battalions).
Militia m Edinburgh L.I. (2nd battalion not
yet formed).
Volunteers — 1st and 3rd Edinburgh E.V., 1st Mid-Lothian
E.V., 1st A.B. Mid-Lothian, 1st A.B. Ber-
wick, 1st A.B. Haddington, 1st A.B.
Linlithgow.
For the command and training of the auxiliary
artillery, artillery sub-districts were similarly formed,
of which there were two in Scotland, each in charge
of a lieutenant - colonel of the Royal Artillery, who
commanded and inspected the corps of militia and
volunteer artillery and the army reserve of the
artillery in his sub -district. The 1st North British
Sub-district, headquarters at Edinburgh, comprised
the counties of Argyll, Ayr, Berwick, Bute, Clack-
mannan, Dumbarton, Dumfries, Edinburgh, Fife,
Haddington, Kinross, Kirkcudbright, Lanark, Lin-
lithgow, Mid - Lothian, Peebles, Renfrew, Roxburgh,
Selkirk, Stirling, and Wigtown, and the 2nd, head-
quarters at Aberdeen, the rest (North) of Scotland.
64 Origin and History of the Force.
The mounted volunteers of Scotland were placed
for command and inspection under the lieutenant-
colonel and inspecting officer of the 1st Cavalry-
District for Auxiliary Forces, headquarters at York,
and the engineer volunteers were kept under the
direct command of the Commanding Royal Engineer,
North British District.
Thus the volunteers were for the first time brought
into close organic connection with the other branches of
the forces of the Crown, and in this same year a begin-
ning was made with a scheme of mobilisation which,
it must be confessed, existed at first only on paper,
according to which definite duties in the defence of the
country were told off to the various corps on the coast,
which were formed into " local brigades " for its watch-
ing and defence, or as "detachments from corps" for
the garrisoning of the fortresses.
No further changes in the organisation of the force
are to be chronicled until the year 1878, in which were
Regulations published new regulations, which superseded
Distortions those of 1863, and embodied all the changes
of uniform, and modifications, as indicated above, which
had been introduced in the past fifteen years. The
main feature in them not already mentioned was the
obligatory introduction for the first time of distinctive
marks on the uniform to distinguish volunteers from
other branches of the service. Artillery volunteers
were directed to wear scarlet, and engineer volunteers
blue Austrian knots on the sleeves of the tunic and
bands and buttons on the forage caps, the regulars
having all these in yellow and the militia in white.
Infantry battalions were to wear an Austrian knot on
the sleeve, light green for those clothed in green, and
of the colour of the facings (or blue in the case of scarlet
facings) for those clothed in scarlet. In corps wearing
Regulations of 1878. 65
the rifle busby, the lower portion of the plume was to
be light green for those clothed in green, and of the
colour of the facings for those in scarlet or grey. The
initials of the county and the number of the corps (and
of the administrative battalion or brigade, if included
in such) were to be borne on the shoulder-straps. Silver
officers' and Serjeants' lace and white metal buttons
were to be worn with scarlet or blue uniforms, and
black lace and bronze buttons with those of green.
Corps in blue or scarlet were to wear white belts and
black pouches, those in green black, and those in grey
brown or black belts and pouches. The infantry sash
was not to be worn by officers or Serjeants, and officers
were to wear cross - belts and pouches. Where the
corps of an administrative battalion were differently
dressed, all had to conform to the approved pattern
before April 1, 1879, or before five years had elapsed
since their joining the battalion. With these excep-
tions, no alteration in the uniforms of the volunteer
infantry was to be permitted except for the purpose of
assimilation to that of one of the line battalions of the
sub-district.
In 1879 the Martini-Henry rifle was first issued to
the volunteers, but only to a limited extent. Its issue
Re-arma- was n°t general till 1881, and it was not till
!£■££? 1885 that tne Snider rifles and carbines were
i879. withdrawn, and the force completely supplied
with the army weapon.
In 1878 a committee had been appointed under the
presidency of Viscount Bury, Parliamentary Under-
consoiidation Secretary of State, to inquire into the finan-
miBistrative c^ state and internal organisation of the
JJJSKmT* volunteer force, and its report was presented
1880. m January 1879. The committee bore testi-
mony to " the generally sound and healthy condition
66 Origin and History of the Force.
in which they found the volunteer force, which had
increased from year to year in numbers, and had cheer-
fully responded to every call upon it for increased effi-
ciency." The maximum authorised establishment of
the force in 1863 was 226,156, of whom 113,511 were
efficient out of 162,935 enrolled; while in 1878 the
establishment was 244,263, of whom 194,191 were effi-
cient out of 203,213 enrolled. The percentages of
efficient to enrolled had thus risen from 69*66 in 1863
to 9 5 '5 5 in 1878. The committee did not therefore
propose any material changes in the composition of the
force, but recommended its closer connection with the
territorial brigades in the sub-districts, the consolida-
tion of the independent corps still formed in adminis-
trative brigades and battalions with a view to increased
economy and efficiency, and the assimilation of volun-
teer uniforms and equipment to those of the regular
army. An increase in the capitation grant was not
considered desirable, but more liberal camp and travel-
ling allowances were recommended.
Action was taken on this report, and in the spring
of 1880 all the administrative brigades of artillery and
battalions of rifles were consolidated,1 the newly- formed
unit taking the number of the senior corps in it, and
the batteries being numbered and the companies lettered
consecutively in the brigade or battalion respectively.
In counties with more than one battalion this led to a
series of numbers with many blanks : thus in Lanark-
shire there were the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 16th, 19th, 25th,
29th, 31st, 37th, and 105th Rifle Corps. In June 1880,
therefore, a general re-numbering from 1 upwards of the
1 This was not the earliest consolidation of country administrative bat-
talions in Scotland, for the principle had been applied in 1873 to the 1st and
4th Administrative Battalions Lanarkshire R.V., which became the 16th
and 29th Lanark R.V. respectively.
Consolidation of Corps. 67
corps took place in each of such counties. The new
numbers were generally allotted according to the former
seniority, but in certain cases {e.g., 3rd and 4th Lanark)
corps preferred to retain their old numbers and permit
junior corps to be placed in the vacant numbers above
them {e.g., 16th Lanark became 2nd).
The recommendations of the committee as to the
assimilation of uniforms were carried out on April 1,
1881, when (in a new edition of the Volunteer Regula-
tions) it was ordered that the badges of rank worn by
regular and militia officers on the shoulder-cords and
shoulder-straps should be adopted by the volunteers in
place of the former ones on the collar ; that non-com-
missioned officers' chevrons were to be worn on the
right arm only, instead of on both, 1-, 2-, and 3-bar
chevrons above the elbow, points down, and 4-bar
chevrons below the elbow, points up, and that battery
and company serjeant - majors and colour - Serjeants
were to wear 3 bars with a crown and badge (gun,
colours, &c), Serjeants 3 bars and badge only, instead
of 4 bars, badge and crown, and 3 bars, badge and
crown, as formerly. Scarlet was to be the only colour
to which infantry volunteers were to be permitted to
change their uniform, and the facings then sanctioned
were to be those of the senior regular battalion of the
sub-district, with a black Austrian knot as a distinctive
mark. Corps clothed in blue or scarlet were to wear
buff belts and pouches.
The year 1881 was marked by a sweeping change in
r anisa- the organisation of the infantry, for in it were
tioninto carried out the recommendations of a com-
terntorlal ,
regiments mittee assembled in 1876 under Colonel Stan-
fantryin ley to form territorial regiments. With this
view, after certain changes had been made in
their composition, the regular and militia battalions
68 Origin and History of the Force.
belonging to the old sub-districts were formed into
territorial regiments with distinctive titles, the old
numbers being dropped, except that that of the senior
regular battalion continued to be borne as that of the
" regimental district," which term was substituted for
" brigade sub-district," the regular battalions constitut-
ing the 1st and 2nd, the militia the 3rd (and 4th, if
existing) battalions,1 and the volunteer battalions were
numbered in a separate sequence, from 1 upwards,
in each regiment. The old facings were not retained,
but it was laid down that all Scottish regiments were
to have yellow facings 2 and thistle pattern lace, except
royal regiments, which had blue facings, and the Scot-
tish Rifles, which had green doublets and facings. The
rearrangement of regimental districts in Scotland was
mainly influenced by the desire to preserve the distinc-
tive tartans of the old Highland regiments, and all
Scottish infantry regiments were given doublets and
tartan trews if not kilted. Volunteer battalions were
to wear the uniform of the regiment and its badges,
but not its battle honours.
The new organisation came into force by General
Order 70 of 1881, on July 1, 1881, and under it
the Scottish infantry were grouped into regiments
as follows : 3 —
The Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment).
Regimental District No. 1 — Glencorse.
(1st and 2nd Battalions 1st Foot, and Edinburgh L.I.
Militia.)
1 The Cameron Highlanders had only one regular and one militia bat-
talion, but in 1897 a second regular battalion was formed for it.
a In 1899 the old buff facings were restored to the Highland Light In-
fantry and Seaforth Highlanders.
3 The titles of the regiments varied at first slightly from those given here,
and shortly afterwards adopted — e.g., "Scotch Rifles," "Sutherland and
Argyll Highlanders."
Formation of Territorial Regiments. 69
Volunteers: 1st and 2nd Edinburgh, 1st and 2nd Mid-
Lothian, 1st Berwick,1 1st Haddington, and 1st Lin-
lithgow.
The Royal Scots Fusiliers.
Eegimental District No. 21 — Ayr.
(1st and 2nd Battalions 21st Foot, Scottish Borderers,2
and Eoyal Ayr and Wigtown Militia.)
Volunteers : 1st Eoxburgh and Selkirk,2 1st and 2nd Ayr,
1st Dumfries 2 and Galloway.2
The King's Own Borderers.2
Eegimental District No. 25 — Berwick-on-Tweed.
(1st and 2nd Battalions 25th Foot. No Militia or Volun-
teers.)
The Gameronians {Scottish Rifles).
Eegimental District No. 26 — Hamilton.
(26th and 90th Foot, 1st and 2nd Battalions 2nd Eoyal
Lanark Militia.)
Volunteers : 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 7th Lanarkshire.
The Black Watch {Royal Highlanders).
Eegimental District No. 42 — Perth.
(42nd and 73rd Foot, Perth Militia.)
Volunteers : 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Forfar, 1st and 2nd Perth,
and 1st Fife.
The Highland Light Infantry.
Eegimental District No. 71 — Hamilton.
(71st and 74th Foot, 1st and 2nd Battalions 1st Eoyal
Lanark Militia.)
Volunteers : 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, and 10th Lanarkshire.
The Seaforth Highlanders {Ross-shire Buffs, Duke of Albany's).
Eegimental District No. 72 — Fort George.
1 See note to King's Own Borderers.
2 In May 1887 The King's Own Borderers were renamed The King's Own
Scottish Borderers, and the Scottish Borderers Militia was transferred to it
as 3rd (Militia) Battalion from the 21st Eegimental District. At the same
time the 1st Eoxburgh and Selkirk, 1st Berwick, and 1st Dumfries E.V.
were transferred to it as volunteer battalions from the 1st and 21st Eegi-
mental Districts, the Galloway Eifles being also transferred to it from the
21st in 1899.
7o Origin and History of the Force.
(72nd and 78th Foot, Highland Eifle Militia.)
Volunteers : 1st Ross, 1st Inverness,1 1st Sutherland, and
1st Elgin.
The Gordon Highlanders.
Regimental District No. 75 — Aberdeen.
(75th and 92nd Foot, and Aberdeen Militia.)
Volunteers : 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Aberdeen, 1st Kincar-
dine and Aberdeen, and 1st Banff.
The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders.
Regimental District No. 79 — Inverness.
(79th Foot, and Highland Light Infantry Militia.)
Volunteers (see note to Seaforth Highlanders.)
Princess Louise's {Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders).
Regimental District No. 91 — Stirling.
(91st and 93rd Foot, Highland Borderers, and Renfrew
Militia.)
Volunteers : 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Renfrew, 1st Stirling, 1st
Argyll, 1st Dumbarton, and 1st Clackmannan and
Kinross.
The closer connection with the regulars, and the
assimilation of uniforms, recommended for the volun-
teers by Lord Bury's Committee of 1878, and decreed
by the General Order forming the territorial regiments,
was only gradually carried out. It was not until
February 1884 (G.O. 12) that the volunteer battalions
affiliated to the Gordon Highlanders assumed the
designation of volunteer battalions of that regiment,
and they were followed in December 1887 only
(G.O. 161) by the bulk of the battalions of the Royal
Scots Fusiliers, King's Own Scottish Borderers, Scottish
Rifles, Black Watch, Highland Light Infantry, and
Seaforth, Cameron, and Argyll and Sutherland High-
landers, and in April 1888 (A.O. 144) by those of
the Royal Scots. Certain corps, seven in all, never
assumed the territorial regiment's designation. These
1 This battalion was transferred to the 79th Regimental District in 1883.
A ssimilation of Uniforms. 71
were the 1st Roxburgh and Selkirk, Galloway Rifles,
1st, 3rd, and 9th Lanark, 1st Sutherland, and 1st
Dumbarton.
The . assumption of the uniforms of the territorial
regiments proceeded even more slowly, partly owing
to financial reasons and partly because certain corps
desired to retain their original uniforms as volunteers,
and by March 31, 1908, only 34 out of the 47 bat-
talions in Scotland had so assimilated their uniform,
with trews instead of kilts in certain cases, and with
drab service-dress only in others. These, with the
dates on which the uniforms were assumed, were : —
Royal Scots.— 4th (1887), 5th (1890), 6th (1888), 7th (1904),
8th (drab, 1903), 9th (kilts, 1900).
Royal Scots Fusiliers.— 1st (1888), 2nd (1898).
King's Own Scottish Borderers.— 2nd (1884), 3rd (1888).
Scottish Rifles.— 2nd (drab, 1902), 4th (drab, 1904).
Black Watch.— 2nd (trews, 1882), 3rd (trews, 1882), 4th (trews,
1883 ; kilts, 1901).
Highland Light Infantry.— 1st (1883), 2nd (kilts, drab, 1906),
3rd (1886), 9th Lanark (1883).
Seaforth Highlanders.— 1st (1888), 3rd (trews, 1886; kilts,
1898).
Gordon Highlanders. — 1st (trews, 1879; kilts, 1895), 2nd
(trews, 1875), 3rd (trews, 1885 ; kilts, 1903), 4th (kilts,
drab, 1903), 6th (trews, 1891).
Cameron Highlanders. — 1st (1893).
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. — 1st (trews, 1889 ; kilts,
1899), 2nd (trews, 1898 ; kilts, 1903), 3rd (trews, 1889),
4th (trews, 1886), 5th (1883), 1st Dumbarton (trews, 1887),
7th (trews, 1888).
The month previous to the "Coming of Age Review"
Newcondi- of the Scottish volunteers was signalised by
efficiency, increased demands on the force as regards
1 88 1. efficiency being made, for on July 31,
1881, by an Order in Council, it was laid down that
72 Origin and History of the Force.
the following drills had to be performed to render a
volunteer efficient : —
Years of Service.
1st. 2nd. 3rd and 4th each. Subsequent.
Light Horse and\ 19 19 9 7
Mounted Rifles J (3 regimental) (3 regl., 6 troop)
*— *■ • {JUST4} {*%?} 12g""
_ . J 24 squad 1/24 squad "I /9 squad "1 (5 squad \
engineers . . j12 technicalJ j12 technical J (6 technical] (5 technical/
Riflpa SO / 30 \/6 company \ -
Klties ' * 6U \(3 battalion)/ \3 battalion/ '
In each year two extra drills had to be performed
if the volunteer was absent from inspection, and all
volunteers had to pass the regulation classes of volley
and class- firing. Recruits were allowed to perform all
the drills laid down for the first and second year in
their first year of service, but in this case had to per-
form in addition, in their second year, the number of
drills laid down for the third year. These require-
ments show a considerable advance on those in force
in former years.
Thus organised, trained, equipped, and disciplined,
the Scottish volunteer force, after an existence of
The "com- twenty-one years, looked forward with con-
Revfew^by fidence to the Review which was held by
asethMA"iS2t Her Majesty Queen Victoria, to celebrate its
,88'- coming of age, on August 25, 1881, on
the historical ground of Holyrood Park, where in its
infancy it had paraded before her on August 7,
1860. The Queen had, on July 9, reviewed at
Windsor 2286 officers and 49,954 men (total 52,240) of
the English and Welsh volunteers, towards which
force the 7th Middlesex (London Scottish) had con-
tributed 23 officers and 477 men, and it was evident
that the Northern Kingdom, with its total enrolled
The Royal Review of 1881. 73
force, could not equal this muster. Still, every effort
had been made during the drill-season to recruit up
and train the corps so as to parade before their
sovereign a force worthy of the military traditions of
Scotland.
The force reviewed was under the command of
Major-General Alastair M'L M'Donald, commanding
the North British District, and consisted of 1654
officers and 37,819 other ranks, or a total of 39,473,
of which 3739 all ranks belonged to English corps.
The total was thus made up : —
Mounted troops .
Artillery .
Engineers .
Rifles
21 officers 189 other ranks.
. 359 .1 7,517 i.
40 „ 1,122 „
. 1,234 „ 28,991 „
Total . . 1,654 „ 37,819 ..
The ground was kept by the 21st Hussars, which
also supplied the escort for Her Majesty, and the
1st Battalion Royal Highlanders (42nd), and the music
for the march past was furnished by the bands of the
1st Battalion Boyal Highlanders (42nd), 1st Battalion
Highland Light Infantry (71st), 2nd Battalion Boyal
Dublin Fusiliers (103rd), and 2nd Battalion Inniskilling
Fusiliers (108th).
The organisation of the force was as follows : —
<**«•■; as
Cavalry Brigade — Colonel The Hon. C. W. Thesiger.
1st Fife Light Horse— Lt. -Col. J. A. Thomson
1st Forfar Light Horse — Captain P. A. W. Carnegy
1st Roxburgh (Border) Mounted Rifles — Captain Viscount
Melgund .......
13
3
5
106
39
44
Total Cavalry Brigade
21
189
74 Origin and History of the Force.
Officers.
Other
ranks.
1st Division — Major-General Sir A. Alison, Bt., K.C.B.
1st Brigade— Colonel R. R. Jones, R.A.
1st Forfar A.V.— Lt.-Col. F. Sandeman
1st Renfrew and Dumbarton A.V. — Lt.-Col. J. Scott
1st Argyll and Bute A. V.— Lt.-Col. F. Campbell .
1st Caithness A. V. — Major J. Smith
1st Aberdeen A.V.— Lt.-Col. F. Campbell .
1st Inverness A.V. — Lt.-Col. D. Davidson .
2nd Brigade — Colonel S. A. Madden, C.B., 42nd Regtl. Dist.
1st Forfar R.V.— Lt.-Col. W. Morrison
2nd ii ii Lt.-Col. J. Dickson
3rd ,i .. Lt.-Col. R. Lamb
1st Perth R.V.— Lt-CoL W. Colquhoun .
2nd m ., Lt.-Col. W. Macdonald .
2rd Brigade — Colonel D. Macpherson, C.B., Royal High-
landers.
1st Stirling R.V.— Lt.-Col. C. King
1st Kincardine and Aberdeenshire R.V. — Lt.-Col. W. B.
Ferguson .......
1st Sutherland R.V.— Lt.-Col. The Duke of Sutherland .
1st Argyll R.V.— Lt.-Col. J. W. Malcolm .
1st Dumbarton R.V.— Lt.-Col. H. Currie .
1st Clackmannan and Kinross R.V.— Lt.-Col. A. Mitchell
4th Brigade— Colonel J. T. Dalyell, 1st Regtl. Dist.
6th Lanark R.V. — Lt.-Col. A. Morrison
7th ,i t. Li -Col. P. Forrest
1st Aberdeen R.V.— Lt.-Col. W. Jopp
1st Inverness R.V. — Lt.-Col. E. Macpherson, C.B. .
1st Linlithgow R. V.— Lt.-CoL A. Gillon .
31
17
22
6
19
24
21
35
14
21
24
33
24
17
22
31
28
24
24
28
28
24
831
478
446
123
461
479
570
753
309
525
642
625
521
433
465
790
542
513
654
621
735
551
Total 1st Division
517
12,067
2nd Division— Major-General W. Cameron, C.B.
1st Brigade— Colonel C. H. Ingilby, C.B., R.A.
1st Northumberland A.V.— Lt.-Col. A. Potter, C.B.
2nd H ., Lt.-Col. H. G. Earl Percy
1st Berwick-on-Tweed A.V. — Captain J. Allan
1st Berwick A.V. — Captain J. Johnston .
2nd n n Captain R. Craig
1st Haddington AV. — Captain J. Kelly
1st Edinburgh City A. V.— Lt.-Col. Sir W. Baillie, Bt. .
1st Mid-Lothian A. V.— Major T. E. 0. Home
3rd Durham A.V. — Major J. Stevenson
1st Newcastle AV.— Lt.-Col. J. R. Young .
2nd Brigade— Colonel D. J. Baillie, 72nd Regtl. Dist.
1st Fife AV— Lt.-Col. J. N. M'Leod
1st Fife R.V— Lt.-Col. Sir C. T. Lindsay, Bt.
1st Ross R.V. — Major D. Davidson ....
1st Elgin R.V.— Lt.-CoL W. Culbard
24
13
5
3
2
2
31
28
4
24
29
34
27
21
481
267
107
49
51
56
515
410
132
277
734
856
556
533
The Royal Review of 1881.
75
Officers.
Other
ranks.
3rd Briqade— Col. G. G. Walker, 3rd Batt. Royal Scots Fus.
1st Newcastle E.V.— Lt-CoL C. M. Palmer
7th Middlesex R.V.— Lt.-Col. H. Lumsden
1st Mid-Lothian R.V. — Lt.-Col. W. Marjorihanks .
1st Cumberland R.V.— Lt.-Col. A. G. Thomson .
4th Brigade— Colonel D. Davidson, C.B., 1st Edinburgh R.V.
1st Edinburgh R.V. (2 batts.)— Lt.-Col. B. F. Primrose .
2nd ii n Lt.-Col. J. Hope
2nd i, m Cadet Corps— Lt. -Col. D. M'Gibbon .
2nd Northumberland R.V.— Lt.-Col. H. F. Swan .
1st Haddington R.V.— Lt.-Col. A. Scott .
5th Brigade— Colonel W. P. Collingwood, C.M.G., 5th Regtl.
Dist.
1st Northumberland R.V. — Lt.-Col. J. Nicholson .
2nd Mid-Lothian R.V.— Lt.-Col. Sir G. D. Clerk, Bt.
1st Roxburgh and Selkirk R. V.— Lt.-Col. Sir G. Douglas, Bt.
1st Berwick R.V.— Lt.-Col. Hon. R. Baillie Hamilton
1st Newcastle R.V.— Lt.-Col. J. C. Earl of Durham
18
18
35
37
78
14
9
15
19
18
23
25
17
14
611
320
723
846
1495
506
208
242
316
478
772
601
461
406
Total 2nd Division
587
13,009
3ed Division — Major-General Sir John MacLeod, K.C.B.
1st Brigade— Colonel G. F. Herbert, 21st Regtl. Dist.
1st Lanark A.V.— Lt.-Col. J. Kidston
1st Ayrshire and Galloway A.V.— Lt.-Col. M. J. Stewart .
1st Lanark E.V.— Lt.-Col. D. Matheson, C.B.
1st Aberdeen E. V.— Captain W. Hall
1st Dumfries R.V.— Major W. E. Malcolm .
Galloway R.V.— Lt.-Col. J. Maitland
2?id Brigade— Colonel M. de la P. Beresford, 91st Regtl. Dist.
1st Renfrew R.V.— Lt.-Col. D. M. Latham .
2nd .. ,. Lt.-Col. W. Carlile
3rd n „ Lt.-Col. R. King
1st Ayrshire R.V.— Lt.-Col. J. Dickie
2nd „ „ Lt.-Col. D. D. Whigham
3rd Brigade— Colonel S. M. Wiseman-Clarke, 26th Regtl. Dist.
1st Lanark R.V. (2 batts.)— Lt. -Col. J. N. Smith .
2nd „ „ Lt.-Col. R. E. S. Harington-Stuart .
5th ii „ Lt.-Col. J. M. Forrester
9th „ „ Lt.-Col. J. S. Hamilton
4th Brigade— Colonel A. Tisdall, 75th Regtl. Dist.
3rd Lanark RV.— Lt.-Col. J. Merry
4th „ „ Lt.-Col. H. M. Hannan
8th „ .. Lt.-Col. A C. Campbell
10th „ „ Lt.-CoL F. R. Reid .
48
26
17
5
28
21
31
24
22
26
24
51
26
27
17
40
29
35
32
970
600
389
122
597
586
744
599
619
521
482
1,300
767
679
453
824
641
974
737
Total 3rd Division
529
12,604
Grand total of the Force
1,654
37,819
76 Origin and History of the Force.
The Review may best be described in the words of
Field-Marshal H.RH. The Duke of Cambridge, who
wrote in his private diary, as given in vol. ii., p. 97,
of 'George, Duke of Cambridge, a Memoir of His
Private Life,' by Edgar Sheppard, C.V.O., D.D.
(London, 1906) : —
Edinburgh, August 25. — At 11 rode with Arthur1 and some
of the Headquarters Staff to the several rendezvous ; the town
crowded, and nothing could exceed the loyal feeling of the public,
and we were much cheered. At 2.40 left for Holyrood to attend
the Queen to the Keview. All the volunteers had arrived in
proper time, and were in position on the ground as I rode down
the line. At 3.45 the Queen started, I riding by the carriage
with Alfred2 and Arthur,1 whilst Marie3 and Beatrice4 drove
with the Queen. But for the dreadful downpour of rain which
lasted the whole time of the Eeview, or rather increased in
intensity as evening advanced, the sight would have been mag-
nificent— all the hillside up to Arthur's Seat and on both flanks
being crowded with spectators, all, alas ! with umbrellas up, thus
spoiling the coup cTceil ; the troops very picturesquely placed at
the bottom of the hills facing Holyrood. General A. M'Donald
was in chief command, with Alison, Cameron, and M'Leod as
generals of division, two with four and the centre with five
•brigades, the small mounted corps, which were excellently
mounted, being under Thesiger. After driving down the entire
line from left to right, the march past commenced, and went off,
under the adverse condition of the weather, as well as it was
reasonable to expect. About 40,000 men were on the ground,
and their physique was very fine as a rule, better, I should say,
than English corps in many cases, but the English regiments
seemed to be better drilled and set, though it was difficult to
judge, from the terrible condition of the marching-past ground,
and the terrible discomfort of the continuous and pelting rain.
The crowd, too, broke in at one point, coming down the hills in
1 H.R.H. The Duke of Connaught.
2 H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh.
3 H.R.H. The Duchess of Edinburgh.
4 H.R.H. Princess Henry of Battenberg.
The Royal Review of 1881. 77
dense masses to return to the town, and with great difficulty the
rear battalions and brigades got through ; but they succeeded at
last, after great exertions, and all passed with fairly maintained
distances. The Queen returned with great ease through a tem-
porary garden entrance to Holyrood ; and thoroughly drenched,
though during the march past I had my waterproof on, by the
Queen's permission, I reached home at six o'clock, had a hot
bath, feeling very cold, and some brandy in my tea, and felt
none the worse. At 8 drove with Macdonald1 and Stephens2
to dine with the Queen, being myself in plain clothes, happily,
as my coat was soaking wet. There was a large dinner-party of
40, and the Queen seemed in excellent spirits. I handed her in
and sat by her. We did not leave till 11.
From the same source is extracted the following
letter from the Queen to the Duke of Cambridge : —
Balmoral Castle, August 31.
I am anxious to take an early opportunity of telling you
that I wish to confer the Order of the Thistle on you in
remembrance of the Great Review of Volunteers in Edinburgh.
You have, I hope, not suffered from the wet, nor any of the
officers, who must also have been saturated ! As for the poor
volunteers, who had to go back wet through, I hear that they
have really not materially suffered beyond great discomfort.
In connection with the last sentence of this letter, it
may be noted that on August 26 the command-
ing officer of each corps received from the Major-
General commanding the North British District the
following telegram : " Her Majesty desires me to
express her congratulations and great satisfaction
with the bearing and conduct of your men, and
wishes to be informed as to their safe return." It
may be imagined what were the answers to this
gracious message.
1 Lieutenant- General Hon. J. W. B. Macdonald, C.B., 21st Hussars,
Private Secretary.
2 Colonel A. H. Stephens, h.p., late Rifle Brigade, Aide-de-Camp.
78 Origin and History of the Force.
The following General Order was published by
H.R.H. the Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief : —
Edinburgh Castle, 26th August 1881.
After an interval of twenty-one years the Queen has, for the
second time, reviewed the volunteers of Scotland, but the corps
which have now assembled for Her Majesty's inspection, includ-
ing the volunteers from the Border counties of England, have
amounted in number to 40,000, or nearly double the force
brought together in 1860.
Although unhappily marred by continuous rain, the spectacle
yesterday presented to Her Majesty was an admirable sequel to the
great review recently held at Windsor, and the Queen has observed
with much gratification that the same soldier-like bearing, pro-
gress in discipline, and uniform good conduct which distinguished
the volunteers there assembled were conspicuous in a like degree
on the present occasion.
Yesterday's review and the unavoidable discomfort attending
1 the return of the troops to their homes, necessarily without
change of clothing and after many hours of fatiguing delay,
furnished a trial of endurance and discipline rarely called for ;
and Her Majesty, while deploring the cause, has learned with
satisfaction that the conduct of her volunteers has been all that
could be desired.
The Field - Marshal Commanding - in - Chief has been com-
manded by the Queen to express to the volunteers of all ranks
her entire satisfaction with the appearance of the troops assem-
bled ; and his Eoyal Highness, in communicating Her Majesty's
commands to the Forces, desires on his own part to convey his
thanks to Major-G-eneral Alastair M'Donald, on whom devolved
the duty of organising the Review and commanding the Force,
as well as to the Army Corps, Divisional, Brigade, and Medical
Staffs, through whose exertions this successful gathering of corps
scattered throughout the kingdom into one united force has been
most successfully accomplished.
By command,
C. H. Ellice, A.-G.
"Well might the Scottish volunteers of 1881 be
content, as they were, with such encomiums !
Strength of the Force in 1881. 79
The strength of the Scottish volunteer
Strength of . ° .
the force in force in 1881, based on returns published
officially in January 1882, was as follows : —
Establishment .
55,690 (and 121 super-
numeraries.)
Efficients .
47,540
Non-efficients .
1,396
Total enrolled .
48,936
Present at inspection
40,519
Details showing the strength of each corps are
given in Appendix F, and it is interesting, as showing
the progress realised in nineteen years, to compare
them with those given in Appendix E for the same
corps in 1862.
The five years following the great Review were un-
1882 to eventful, and there were but few changes
1886. 'n fae organisation of the force in Scotland.
In 1882 the organisation of the artillery volunteers
was made similar to that of the infantry, all the
Scottish artillery corps being " affiliated " to the
" Scottish Division " of the Royal Artillery, whose
dep6t was at Leith Fort, and whose 1st Brigade (of
nine batteries) was composed of regular garrison
artillery, the 2nd to 6th Brigades being composed
of Scottish Artillery Militia. No change was, how-
ever, made in the designation of the corps, and the
artillery sub - districts as formed in 1873 and the
system of command were left unchanged. This
"affiliation" continued till 1891, when, in consequence
of a further reorganisation of the regular garrison
artillery, the Scottish corps were " affiliated " to the
" Southern Division Royal Artillery," headquarters at
Portsmouth, with its second " sub-dep6t " at Leith Fort,
but this again caused no change in the command or
80 Origin and History of the Force.
designation of corps, save that instead of "Artillery
Volunteer Corps " they were now designated " Volunteer
Artillery Corps."
In 1886 sanction was given for the formation of
" cadet battalions " in the volunteer force, but this
submarine movement found no favour in Scotland, and
miners. none have ever been raised. In the same
year, by Clause 176 of Army Circulars, the formation
of companies of volunteer submarine miners for the
defence of commercial ports was authorised. These
were to consist of 3 officers, 3 Serjeants, 6 corporals,
2 buglers, and 49 sappers each, and were to undergo
a period of 15 days' continuous training in camp each
year, for which officers were to receive 10s. and men
5s. a-day each, and the corps a capitation grant of £5
for every efficient. Twenty per cent of the officers
and non-commissioned officers might attend annually a
course of instruction at Chatham of from 30 to 120
days' duration. Thus a class of paid volunteers was
formed more approximating to the militia system, and
the arrangement worked well, for these corps quickly
attained to a high state of efficiency. The companies
were organised later into " divisions," of which there
were three in Scotland, called the "Clyde," "Forth,"
and "Tay," after the estuaries in which were situated
the submarine defences they were designed to man.
The variations in establishment of these "divisions"
are given in Part II.
In 1886 a committee, presided over by Lord Harris,
had been appointed to inquire into the money grants
increase of to the volunteeer force, and, in consequence
tionCgrPant"in °^ ^s recommendations, the following in-
1887. creased capitation allowances were sanctioned
by the new Regulations for the volunteer force issued
in October 1887 :—
The Volunteer Medical Staff Corps. 81
£1, 15s. for every rifle volunteer who attended the prescribed
number of drills and passed into the second musketry class, and
for officers of rifles who had attended the prescribed number of
drills ; also the same sum for " efficients " of the other arms.
10s. for every volunteer who failed to pass into the 2nd musketry
class, but who had fired 60 rounds and hit the target 12 times.
£2, 10s. for each officer or Serjeant holding a proficiency
certificate.
£1, 10s. for each officer holding a certificate for tactics or for
signalling.
2s. for each volunteer in possession of a greatcoat.
£10 per battery of artillery to pay for store-houses and gun-
sheds if required, and if it could be shown that £30 a-year had
been already expended for this purpose.
By these same regulations of 1887 a step of honorary
rank might be given to any field officer who had
served 20 years as a commissioned officer.
Honorary »
rank for or to a captain or surgeon who had served
15 years as such, either on continuing in
the service or on retirement. Those who had served
15 years might be permitted to retain their rank
and wear their uniform on retirement, as were also
Serjeants after 10 years' service as such.
Up to 1887 the medical personnel of the volunteer
force had been confined to the medical officers belong-
ing to corps, but in that year it was decided
Formation of i i i
the voiun- to take advantage of the services of men
teer Medical , • -1 • , 1 i • l • />•
staff corps, trained in the medical or nursing professions
to form a Medical Staff Corps, with officers
of its own, for the volunteers. Companies were au-
thorised to be formed of 3 surgeons, 1 quartermaster,
and 96 other ranks, with 1 serjeant instructor, and
these might be combined into "divisions" of 2 or
more companies, for which a surgeon - commandant,
a quartermaster, and an adjutant were allowed. The
qualification for efficiency was 16 ambulance and 80
82 Origin and History of the Force.
other drills in the 1st and 2nd years of service each,
and 8 ambulance and 9 other drills in subsequent years,
with 2 extra drills in each if absent from inspection.
In the formation of this new branch of the service
Edinburgh took the lead ; indeed the Edinburgh com-
pany had been formed in 1886 before actual official
sanction had been given generally. Aberdeen followed
in 1889 and Glasgow in 1894, the nucleus of the men
of all the corps being formed by the medical students
of the universities of the three cities.
The year 1888 marked the commencement of a new
era for the volunteer force, for in it, besides several
1888-90. minor changes, a beginning was made with
voir3ee°rn°f an organisation of the force into units higher
brigades. than battalions, and mobile batteries of artil-
lery were added to it. For some years work had been
actively pushed on at the War Office in the elabora-
tion of a general scheme of home defence, and it had
been decided that the available forces were to be
grouped into three bodies, — a mobile regular force for
active operations, a force for the defence of the capital,
round which a series of defensive positions had been
selected, and a force for coast and local defence. To
the two latter the volunteers were assigned, and out
of the Scottish infantry, by Army Orders 315 of July
and 408 of September 1888, there were formed five
brigades, — two for the London position, the " Highland "
and the " South of Scotland," and three for coast and
local defence, the "Forth," " Tay," and "Clyde" Bri-
gades. These were composed as follows : —
Highland — 4 battalions of Seaforth and Cameron Highlanders,
3rd, 5th, and 6th V.B. Gordon Highlanders = 7 battalions.
South of Scotland — 3 battalions of K.O. Scottish Borderers,
Galloway V.R.C., 2nd and 5th V.B. Eoyal Highlanders = 6
battalions.
Formation of Volunteer Brigades. 83
Forth — 8 battalions of Eoyal Scots, 4th and 6th V.B. Eoyal
Highlanders, and 4th and 7th V.B. Argyll and Sutherland
Highlanders = 12 battalions.
Tay— 1st and 3rd V.B. Eoyal, and 1st, 2nd, and 4th V.B. Gordon
Highlanders = 5 battalions.
Clyde — 2 battalions Eoyal Scots Fusiliers, 5 each of Scottish
Eirles and Highland Light Infantry, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, and 1st Dumbarton
V.E.C. = 17 battalions.
This distribution was speedily found to be too
cumbersome, especially in the local defence brigades.
Accordingly in 1890 (by Army Orders 207 of June
and 395 of December) the five brigades were increased
to seven, and the following brigading, more in conson-
ance with the organisation of the territorial regiments,
was adopted : —
Aberdeen — 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th V.B. Gordon Highlanders.
Clyde — 1st and 2nd V.B. Eoyal Scots Fusiliers, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and
5th V.B. Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, and 1st Dum-
barton V.RC.
Forth — 8 battalions Eoyal Scots.
Glasgow — 10 battalions Scottish Eirles and Highland Light
Infantry.
Highland — 1st and 3rd V.B. Seaforth, 1st V.B. Cameron and
6th V.B. Gordon Highlanders, and 1st Sutherland V.RC.
South of Scotland — Border and Galloway V.RC, 2nd and 3rd
V.B. K.O. Scottish Borderers.
Tay — 6 battalions Eoyal Highlanders, 4th and 7th V.B. Argyll
and Sutherland Highlanders.
In 1891 (Army Order 258 of December) the 6th and
7th V.B. Royal Scots were transferred from the Forth
to the South of Scotland Brigade, and the latter was
given the title of " Scottish Border Brigade." In this
formation the volunteer infantry remained organised
till 1902.
84 Origin and History of the Force.
To the command of each brigade a colonel, either
in the army or in the volunteer force, was appointed,
and he was given a staff composed of a brigade-major
(either a retired army or a volunteer officer), an aide-
de-camp, a staff officer for supply and transport duties,
and a brigade -surgeon lieutenant -colonel. The only
extra Government grant for this staff was an annual
allowance of £100 to the brigade -major to cover all
his office and travelling expenses, and for hire of
a horse.
For each brigade were organised a supply detach-
ment, a signalling detachment, and a bearer company.
The supply detachment was composed of 1 captain as
supply officer, with 1 non-commissioned officer as his
assistant, 4 non-commissioned officers as issuers, and
1 non-commissioned officer and 3 men as butchers, and
these were borne as supernumeraries to the estab-
lishment of one or other of the battalions of the
brigade. For the brigade signalling detachment, each
battalion furnished 2 non-commissioned officers and
6 men, and the whole were placed under 2 officers
selected from the brigade. The brigade bearer com-
pany consisted of 3 medical officers, 7 staff Serjeants
and Serjeants, 1 bugler, 6 corporals, and 47 privates,
— 64 of all ranks, and might be organised either as an
independent unit or as supernumeraries to the estab-
lishment of one of the battalions of the brigade.
To the command of these brigades were appointed
officers selected either for their services with Scottish
regiments of the regular army, or with the volunteers.
Colonel E. H. D. Macpherson of Cluny, ret. pay, late
93rd Highlanders, commanded the Highland Brigade,
and Colonel the Eight Hon. Sir J. H. A. Macdonald,
K.C.B. (Lord Kingsburgh), of the Queen's Edinburgh
Brigade, the Forth Brigade throughout their exist-
Officers Commanding Volunteer Brigades. 85
ences. The command of the South of Scotland (later
Scottish Border) Brigade was assumed by Colonel
G. J. Viscount Melgund, who had served in the
Scots Guards, and had raised and commanded the
Border Mounted Rifles, and he held it till 1899,
when, on his appointment as Governor - General of
Canada, he was succeeded by the officer commanding
the 25th Regimental District. To the command of
the Tay Brigade Colonel W. D. Viscount Stormont,
late Grenadier Guards and Royal Perth Militia, was
nominated, and he was succeeded in 1894 by the officer
commanding the 42nd Regimental District. Colonel
Sir W. J. M. Cunninghame, Bart., V.C., late Scots
Guards, was appointed to the command of the Clyde
Brigade, but, on the latter being divided into two, he
retained that of the Glasgow Brigade, which he held
till 1898, when the officer commanding the 26th-7lst
Regimental District took it over. On the formation
of the new Clyde Brigade in 1890, its command was
conferred on Colonel Sir D. Matheson, K.C.B., of the
1st Lanark Engineer Volunteers, who held it until his
death in 1898, when he was succeeded by the officer
commanding 91st Regimental District. Lastly, till
1892 the command of the Aberdeen Brigade was exer-
cised by the officer commanding 75th Regimental Dis-
trict, when it was taken over by Major-General F. S.
Russell of Aden, C.M.G., late Royal Dragoons, who
retained the command till 1902.
To provide a proportion of mobile artillery to work
with the infantry brigades, a number of volunteer artil-
lery corps were invited to form " position "
Formation of * . * i mi*
position bat- batteries. This was by no means the first
er e*. i 9. a^empt at volunteer field artillery in Scotland,
for the 1st Lanark had had a 4-gun field battery since
1865, and the 1st Inverness and 4th Forfar had had
86 Origin and History of the Force.
horsed field guns since 1867 ; but these were not recog-
nised officially, and no extra allowances were drawn
for them. By Army Order 204 of May 1888 the forma-
tion of " position batteries " was sanctioned, and in the
following year 12 batteries of 16-pounder R.M.L. or
40-pounder RB.L guns were issued to the Scottish
Artillery, two each to the 1st Edinburgh, 1st Mid-
Lothian, and 1st Lanark, and one each to the 1st
Aberdeen, 1st Ayr, 1st Fife, 1st Forfar, Highland,
and 1st Renfrew and Dumbarton. The conditions
under which these batteries were formed, as laid
down in the above quoted and modified or amplified
by subsequent Army Orders, were that, in return for an
annual allowance of £136 for each 40-pounder battery
not supplied with waggons, £112 for each 40-pounder
battery supplied with waggons, and £100 for each
16-pounder battery, the battery should be fully and
efficiently equipped with horses, and turn out at least
four times a-year on four separate days (one of which
to be the annual inspection), the length of the drill
to be at least two hours, that the corps undertook
to produce, when required, the full transport necessary
for a battery in the field, that provision was made for
the safe custody of the stores and harness, and that
the whole equipment should be kept at all times clean
and efficient for service. Later (in 1895) a special
extra allowance of £40 once in three years was granted
to each battery in aid of expenses of hire of horses for
duty when attending camps, marches, or field days
fully horsed.
It was at first ordered that the horses should be
agricultural horses with their everyday harness, the
drivers leading them on foot, but this was soon
modified, and part -worn artillery harness was issued
and permission given to mount the drivers. The
Volunteer Position Batteries. 87
batteries were usually composed of 4 guns and 2
ammunition waggons each, and for the manning of
each the personnel of two garrison batteries (1891
termed " companies ") was required. The establishment
of these remained unchanged, but it was permitted,
always keeping within the total establishment, to
appoint a veterinary surgeon, a farrier Serjeant, a
wheeler, 2 collar - makers, and 30 drivers, the last
to be enrolled from men at least 5 ft. 4 in. in height
and 33 in. round the chest, and the number of gunners
being correspondingly reduced. For practice purposes,
100 rounds of service ammunition were allowed annu-
ally to each battery.
To provide in some measure for the absence of
mounted troops in the volunteers, in 1888 authority
cyclist was given for cyclist sections, each consisting
m^nt'ed""1 °^ * officer, 2 non-commissioned officers, and
infantry. 13-21 men (including a bugler) to be formed
in each battalion, — within its establishment, however.
In certain corps sections or companies of mounted
infantry were permitted to be formed, and this was
done in the Queen's Edinburgh, 1st Lanark, and 1st
Dumbartonshire corps, but of these only the first and
the last continued to exist till 1908.
The period from 1890 to 1900 was marked by a
steady and gradual increase, both in numbers and
1890 to efficiency, of the force, and but few organic
l9°0, changes took place. The attention of the
authorities was mainly directed to improving its in-
terior efficiency and its training, and to bring up its
fighting value to a higher standard. The latter desire
found its expression in the abolition, in 1891, of the
term " auxiliary forces," hitherto applied to the militia,
yeomanry, and volunteers, and the substitution for it
of the words designating the branch of the service
88 Origin and History of the Force.
to which each belonged. Improvement in efficiency
for field service was attained by the rearmament in
1896-7 of the infantry with the Lee-Metford rifle, the
issue of special capitation grants for equipment, by
paying off the debts of corps, increase of the allowances
for camps, and greater stringency in the regulations
for efficiency in drill and musketry. Endeavours were
made to provide for better promotion for the officers,
and to lessen their expenses by granting an outfit
allowance ; and finally rewards, in the form of decora-
tions, were instituted for the force.
Prior to 1890, but few volunteer corps had been
provided with a suitable equipment for field-service,
Grants for the utmost beyond the belt and pouches
equipment, bemg a greatcoat and perhaps a haversack.
In 1866 efforts had been made, by means of funds
raised privately, to make good this deficiency, but the
result was only partially successful; so in 1890, by
Army Order 398 of December, it was ordered that
full capitation allowances were only to be paid for
volunteers who were fully efficient, and provided with
waist-belt with frog, water-bottle and strap, haversack,
mess-tin, and greatcoat with straps for all arms, and,
in addition for light horse, artillery, and engineers,
ammunition pouches or bandoliers to carry 20 1 rounds,
and for mounted infantry or rifles, braces and pouches
or bandoliers to carry 701 rounds. To provide these
articles (other than greatcoats) a sum of 12s. was
granted once for all for each volunteer enrolled on
October 31, 1890, and an annual allowance of Is. was
sanctioned for repairs. Greatcoats were to be issued
free of cost from Government stores for all volunteers,
or a sum of 12s. a man if the corps was already
provided with greatcoats. On the establishment of a
1 Afterwards increased to 50 rounds for engineers and 100 for rifles.
Extra Financial Aid to Corps. 89
corps being increased, 30s. was to be allowed per man
for infantry and 23s. for the other arms to provide
these essentials.
Many corps had in the course of years amassed debts
for the construction of drill-halls, headquarters, &c,
improvement and the records of the force are full of
poaitionof1 accounts of bazaars, public subscriptions, and
corps. other private attempts to clear off these
burdens and place the finances of corps in a satisfactory
position. One great cause of complaint was that,
while current expenses had to be met, the capitation
grants were only paid in arrears — i.e., after they had
been earned. To in a measure obviate this and to
assist in the clearing off of debts, by Army Order 76
of April 1896 a special extra issue of half the capitation
grant (ordinary grant and special proficiency allow-
ances) was made for all volunteers, in addition to the
grant ordinarily payable on April 1, 1896, on condition
that it was used in liquidation of any debt on the public
funds of corps, and that steps were taken to place the
public and private finances of corps in a satisfactory
condition. Thanks to this liberal grant, the financial
position of the force was greatly improved.
In 1889 the issue of camp allowances was increased
to 2s. a-day for not less than three or more than four
camp clear days in camp, in addition to the actual
allowances, travelling allowances; but in 1890, to encour-
age the spending of longer periods under canvas, the
allowances were raised to 2s. a-day for each day of
continuous attendance up to six, together with 4s. for
travelling expenses for each volunteer attending camp
for not fewer than three continuous days. Tf in camp
along with regular troops, the allowance of 2s. might
be continued for thirteen days. For a brigade camp
allowances might be issued for seven days, but three
90 Origin and History of the Force,
battalions with at least 300 men each had to be
present. Brigade camps became the rule, and were
productive of much improvement in the training of
the force.
In 1893, and again in 1899, the conditions of
efficiency for earning the full capitation grant were
made more stringent, especially in the
demands for musketry qualification, both for trained vol-
unteers and for recruits, but into the details
of these it is unnecessary to enter, as the regulations
then brought into force were superseded by those
introduced after the war in South Africa. In 1896
(Army Order 178), a strict physical examination before
the enrolment of volunteers was introduced, and a
minimum physical standard was instituted of 5 ft. 6 in.
height for artillery gunners and 5 ft. 4 in. for artillery
drivers, the chest measurement being 33 in. for both,
and 5 ft. 3 in. height with 32 in. chest measurement
for light horse, engineers, infantry, and medical staff
corps.
To provide for a suitable flow of promotion among
officers, in 1896 (Army Order 206 of December) it was
. , ,. ., decided that the tenure of command of a
Limitation
of periods oi volunteer corps should be for four years
only, but extensions of four years more might
be permitted, subject to the condition that officers
were to be retired on attaining the age of sixty,
unless specially granted an extension, which might be
for two years at a time, and in no case beyond the
age of sixty-seven.
With a view to lessening the necessary expenses
« .«. „ °f volunteer officers, and at the same time to
Outfit allow- ' i.i.
ancefor counteract the shortage of officers which, in
certain corps, had been seriously felt, in 1896
(Army Order 123 of June) an outfit allowance for
Volunteer Decoration and Medal. 91
first equipment of £20 was granted, as a personal
allowance, to officers on first appointment and after
obtaining a satisfactory report after a month's instruc-
tion at a school or with the regular forces. If the
officer did not serve for three years as an efficient or
obtain the above report within two years, the allowance
was to be refunded by him.
On August 3, 1892, Her Majesty Queen Victoria
instituted the Volunteer Officers' Decoration (V.D.), to
be conferred upon those who had served for
Rewards for rn i
service in the twenty years as otncers in the volunteer
force, years spent in the ranks to count as
half- time towards the total service ; and by Army
Order 85 of June 1894 the "Volunteer Long-Service
Medal" was instituted as a distinction for those who
had served for twenty years in the ranks of the force.
Both are worn on the left breast, along with war
medals, and are suspended by a green ribbon, the
officers' decoration being in the form of a gilt wreath
with a crown and V.R in the centre, and the medal
being of silver and bearing on the obverse the head
of Queen Victoria and on the reverse the inscription :
" For Long Service in the Volunteer Force."
Before quitting this period of the history of the
Scottish volunteers, it must be mentioned that the
The Queen's force was largely represented at the great
jib"""*1 Jubilee festivities, probably the most striking
I8o7- popular and patriotic demonstration of loyalty
in history, on June 22, 1887, when Her Majesty Queen
Victoria drove in procession from Buckingham Palace
to St Paul's Cathedral. Each corps was represented
by an officer and twenty other ranks, and the Scottish
Volunteer representatives, massed by brigades, were
formed up in the Mall, and were passed in review by
Her Majesty on her return journey to Buckingham
g2 Origin and History of the Force.
Palace. The officers commanding detachments received
for this service the Jubilee Medal.
We now come to the most important and interesting
years in the history of the volunteer force, those of the
South African War, in which it was enabled,
1900-03.
for the first time, to show its value on active
service in the field alongside of its comrades of the
regular army, militia, yeomanry, and colonial forces.
The reverses suffered by our arms in South Africa
in December 1899 led to a call for more troops, and
volunteer to a great outburst of national warlike en-
^mpanies thusiasm, and accordingly, on January 2, 1900,
of infantry. a special Army Order was issued calling upon
the volunteers to furnish their contingent of trained
men to reinforce the army in the field. For each
battalion serving in South Africa a selected company
was directed to be raised from its affiliated volunteer
battalions and sent out to serve with it, and to be
placed under the orders of its commanding officer.
Each company was to be composed of 1 captain, 2
subalterns, 1 Serjeant - instructor as pay serjeant, 4
Serjeants, 2 buglers, 5 corporals, 99 privates, and 2
stretcher-bearers, or 116 of all ranks, and an equal
number of " waiting companies " was to be raised and
maintained at home. Each volunteer battalion was
to form a complete section at least. To surmount the
difficulties of the Volunteer Act, the men were to be
enlisted for the regular army for a period of one year or
the duration of the war, those taken for the " waiting
companies" being transferred to the reserve until re-
quired for service. The conditions of enlistment were
that the men should be not under 20 or more than 35
years of age, 1st class (volunteer) shots, efficient in the
years 1898 and 1899, of good character, medically fit,
and, by preference, unmarried. They were to be paid,
War Service Units for South Africa. 93
rationed, clothed, and equipped as soldiers of the regular
battalions (though continuing to wear the designation
of their volunteer battalions on their shoulder-straps),
and were to be granted wound pensions as for the
regular army. On completion of their term of service,
they were to be granted £5 as a gratuity, besides any
special gratuity issued for the war. The corps to which
the men belonged was to be given a sum of £9 to cover
the cost of equipment of each volunteer, and the men
were to be borne as supernumerary to their corps and
to be considered as " efficients," the corps continuing to
draw the full capitation grant for them.
Needless to say, this call was met with alacrity in
Scotland, and eleven special service companies were
quickly formed, one for each regiment with one bat-
talion in the field and two for the Gordon Highlanders,
both regular battalions of which were at the seat of
war, the London Scottish being affiliated with the local
volunteer battalions of that regiment in the formation
of the service companies. The companies sailed for
South Africa in February or early in March 1900.
On January 25, 1901, before the year's service of the
first companies had expired, a call for companies to re-
place those was made and responded to, and on March
3, 1901, the formation of 8 volunteer cyclist companies
was called for, one of them to be furnished by the
Scottish volunteers, of a strength of 1 captain, 4
subalterns, 1 serjeant - instructor as pay serjeant, 4
Serjeants, 2 buglers, 5 corporals, 101 privates, and 2
stretcher-bearers, or 120 of all ranks. The conditions
of enlistment were much the same as for the infantry
companies, and cycles were to be supplied to the men
on arrival in South Africa. Enlistment for this com-
pany was begun on March 21, and was conducted all
over Scotland ; on May 2 the company was concentrated
94 Origin and History of the Force.
at Berwick-on-Tweed, and in the middle of that month
it embarked for South Africa.
Again, on January 9, 1902, a third call for service
companies of infantry was made, and also responded to,
though not m all cases to the same extent as in the first
and second call ; but it is noteworthy that many men
who had served in the service companies of the first call,
and had returned home with them, rejoined the third call
companies and proceeded with them to South Africa.
On January 13, 1900, by a special Army Order, the
War Office called upon the Volunteer Engineers to
spedai ser- form special service sections from each corps
oiCEnXe°enrS of 1 subaltern, 1 Serjeant, 1 corporal, 1 2nd
volunteers. corp0ral, and 22 sappers, or 26 of all ranks,
to proceed to South Africa under the same terms as
above detailed for the infantry. Of the Scottish corps,
the section of the 1st Lanark was to be attached to the
9th (Field) Company of Royal Engineers, and that of
the 1st Aberdeen was to be used as a reserve for
disposal on arrival in South Africa, and was actually
attached to the 47 th (Fortress) Company of Royal
Engineers. These sections embarked early in March
1900. A second call for similar sections was made
on February 5, 1901, and was responded to by both
corps to the fullest extent.
By Army Order 58 of March 1900, members of the
Volunteer Medical Staff Corps and Bearer Companies
special ser- were invited to enlist into the Army Medical
Medicii staff Staff Corps for one year, or the duration of
corps and ^e war, under the same conditions as in the
Bearer Com- '
panies. infantry, and by Army Order 59 they were
also invited to volunteer for six months' duty in the
home hospitals. All the Scottish units of these ser-
vices furnished their proportion of men for the duties
required of them.
Scottish Volunteers for South Africa. 95
The nature of the war did not necessitate a call upon
the services of the Volunteer Garrison Artillery as such,
but it is on record that whole corps volunteered
Other . r
branches of their services, and that many men served in
units of other arms during the war. The Fife
and Forfar Light Horse contributed a company (the
20th) towards the formation of the Imperial Yeomanry.
It is extremely difficult to arrive at any definite
statistics as to the actual numbers of volunteers who
The contri- took Part m ^e South African War, as many
butions of enlisted in the regular army, or colonial forces,
the Scottish . ° J
volunteers or militia, or Imperial Yeomanry, and were
south African consequently struck off the rolls of their corps
and lost sight of by them. The only official
figures available are those furnished to the War Office,
details of which are given in the separate records of
each corps, of the total number of all ranks of corps of
volunteer infantry who, while members of the corps,
took part in the war, and for the Scottish battalions
these total up to (including the London and Liverpool
Scottish) 4367 men. From another return, issued in
September 1905, it appears that 147 of the Scottish
Artillery, 161 of the Engineers, and 86 of the Medical
Corps served in the war. There are no statistics avail-
able of the numbers of the Light Horse, but it is believed
that if the total contribution of the Scottish volunteers
be put at about 5000 men who, as volunteers, served in
the war, it will be well within the mark. This rep-
resents about 10 per cent of the enrolled force.
Not only did the volunteer force provide a con-
. siderable number of men for active service
Increase of
establish- during the war period, but it also increased
strength of at home in numbers and efficiency. The fol-
lowing tables showing the establishments and
strength in detail of the Scottish volunteer force on
96 Origin and History of the Force.
November 1, 1899, and November 1, 1900, are of
interest as showing the actual results attained : —
Estab-
lish-
Efficient.
Total
enrolled.
Present
Date.
Arm of the service.
ment,
all
ranks.
Officers.
Other
ranks.
ficients.
inspec-
Light Horse .
304
17
163
20
200
169
Artillery .
11,384
451
9,387
229
10,067
8,694
Engineers
1,515
42
1,283
108
1,433
1,227
1st November
1899.
Do., Submarine
Miners
588
33
519
16
568
510
Infantry .
Medical Corps
Total .
43,026
1423
34,200
982
36,605
31,545
534
17
420
12
449
372
57,351
1983
45,972
1367
49,322
42,517
Light Horse .
304
12
119
41
172
120
Artillery .
11,869
476
10,623
190
11,289
9,891
Engineers
1,811
47
1,661
71
1,779
1,534
1st November
Do., Submarine
1900.
Miners
777
37
684
19
740
650
Infantry .
Medical Corps
Total .
55,163
1546
40,546
947
43,039
36,755
560
17
444
5
466
411
70,484
2135
54,077
1273
57,485
49,361
Increase
13,133
152
8105
8,163
6,844
The figures for the year 1901 (see Appendix I) are
slightly higher than those for 1900, and represent
the maximum strength to which the force attained.
They are —
Establishment ....
. 70,374
Efficient-
Officers ....
. 2,163
Other ranks
. 55,786
Non-efficients ....
. 1,510
Total enrolled ....
. 59,459
Present at inspection
. 52,384
The decrease in strength of the Light Horse is
accounted for by the large numbers transferred to
Increase of Force in 1900. 97
the Imperial Yeomanry in South Africa and by the
suspension temporarily of enrolments in the force,
which in May 1901 was transferred to the establish-
ment of the Imperial Yeomanry in Great Britain.
No considerable increase of establishment took place
in the artillery, as there were already more of that
arm than was required to man the coast and other
defences. The existing corps were, however, recruited
nearly up to their full establishment, and their sphere
of utility was enlarged by the issue, in 1901, of twelve
more position batteries — eight to the 1st Lanark, two
to the 1st Ayrshire and Galloway, and one each to
the 1st Mid -Lothian and 1st Aberdeenshire, — thus
bringing the total number of position (termed in 1902
" heavy ") batteries in Scotland up to twenty-four. The
company of Garrison Artillery still remained fixed at an
establishment of 80 of all ranks, the 'personnel of two
such companies being allowed for each heavy battery.
The establishment of the Engineers was increased
by three companies of fortress engineers (1st Lanark)
and three companies of submarine miners, no change
being made in the establishment of companies; and
these also attained a strength of close on their
maximum establishment. It was not until 1903 that
the formation of a new corps of fortress engineers,
the 2nd Lanark, was sanctioned.
The greatest increase took place in the establish-
ments and strength of the infantry. In the first
place, the establishments of all companies were raised
from 100 of all ranks, at which they had stood since
1859, to 100 privates and 116 of all ranks (see
Appendix G). Then many corps, as will be seen
from their individual records, received permission to
raise new companies. Lastly, a new battalion — the
9th of the Royal Scots — was raised in Edinburgh in
98 Origin and History of the Force.
July 1900, in the Shetland Islands a small battalion
of three companies was organised (7th V.B. Gordon
Highlanders) in December 1900, and in October 1900
the Scotsmen resident in Liverpool also formed a new
battalion, — the 8th of the King's (Liverpool Regiment),
— which, however, is not included in the figures given
above. Authority was also given (Army Order 93
of April 1900) to form cyclist companies in all bat-
talions with an establishment of at least 600, each
company of 5 officers and 95 other ranks ; while
battalions of lower strength might enrol sections of
1 officer and 15 to 23 other ranks, — an extra capita-
tion grant of £2 being allowed for each efficient cyclist.
It is doubtful, however, whether these measures added
to the actual strength of the force, though they doubt-
less contributed to its efficiency. It is noteworthy
that, with all these measures, the strength of en-
rolled infantry in 1900 almost exactly equalled the
establishment sanctioned for 1899, but fell short by
nearly 20 per cent of that sanctioned for 1900.
Unconnected with the war, but falling in the same
period, was the reorganisation of the volunteer artillery
Higher or- sub-districts which was carried out in 1900.
ganisation. Their number was increased from two to three ;
each was placed under a lieutenant -colonel of Royal
Artillery, who commanded and inspected the corps, and
these latter were detailed to sub-districts as follows : —
1st. Leith Fort— 1st Edinburgh City, 1st Mid-Lothian, 1st Fife,
and 1st Berwick.
2nd. Aberdeen — 1st Banff, 1st Forfar, 1st Caithness, 1st Aber-
deen, The Highland, and 1st Orkney.
3rd. Glasgow — 1st Lanark, 1st Eenfrew and Dumbarton, 1st
Argyll and Bute, and 1st Ayr and Galloway.
In 1902 a reorganisation of the volunteer infantry
brigades was carried out, by which their formation was
Reorganisation of Volunteer Brigades. 99
brought more into consonance with the distribution of
battalions to territorial regiments. Nine brigades (an
increase of two) in all were formed as follows : —
Argyll and Sutherland Brigade — Seven battalions of that
regiment.
Black Watch Brigade — Six battalions of that regiment.
Gordon Brigade — Seven battalions of that regiment.
Highland Light Infantry Brigade — Five battalions of H.L.I.
1st Lothian Brigade— Q.E.V.B., and 4th and 9th V.B. Eoyal
Scots.
2nd Lothian Brigade— 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th V.B. Eoyal Scots.
Scottish Border Brigade — 1st and 2nd V.B. Eoyal Scots Fusiliers,
Border V.E.C., 2nd and 3rd V.B. King's Own Scottish
Borderers, Galloway V.E.C.
Scottish Bine Brigade — Four battalions of Scottish Eifles.
Seaforth and Cameron Brigade — 1st and 3rd V.B. Seaforth
Highlanders, 1st Sutherland V.E.C., 1st V.B. Cameron
Highlanders.
These brigades were placed under the command of
the officers commanding the regimental districts (the
Scottish Border Brigade being under the officer com-
manding the 25th Regimental District), with the ex-
ception of the 2nd Lothian and Scottish Rifle Brigades,
to which retired army officers — Colonel W. Gordon, late
Durham Light Infantry, and Colonel E. C. Browne, late
Royal Scots Fusiliers — were respectively appointed.
The same staffs and administrative services continued
to be provided for the new brigades.
In the last year of the war, by special Army Order
of March 4, 1902, was brought into force the new
organisation of the army into six army corps, the first
three of which were mainly regular troops, the last
three mainly militia, yeomanry, and volunteers. The
6th Army Corps — consisting of the 16th, 17th, and
18th Divisions, a cavalry brigade, and corps troops —
was assigned to Scotland, and in it were included, in
ioo Origin and History of the Force.
addition to units which it was proposed to raise, the
following volunteer infantry battalions : —
32nd Field Army Brigade, 16th Division, Edinburgh —
A battalion of Q.K.V.B., Eoyal Scots.
4th Vol. Bn. Eoyal Scots.
5th Vol. Bn. Eoyal Scots.
1st Eoxburgh and Selkirk V.E.C.
34th Field Army Brigade, 17th Division, Glasgow —
1st Vol. Bn. Eoyal Highlanders.
1st Vol. Bn. Highland Light Infantry.
3rd Vol. Bn. Highland Light Infantry.
1st Vol. Bn. Gordon Highlanders.
Portion of 31st Brigade, 16th Division —
9th Vol. Bn. Eoyal Scots.
Portion of 33rd Brigade, 17th Division —
2nd Vol. Bn. Eoyal Scots Fusiliers.
These battalions were not removed from the com-
mand of the brigadiers of the volunteer infantry
brigades to which they belonged in ordinary times,
but when called out for training were placed under the
command of selected officers — usually retired officers of
the regular army. The period of training each year was
thirteen clear days in camp, during which each battalion
had to have present not less than 50 per cent of the
establishment of a battalion at war strength — i.e., 15
officers and 490 men,1 — and higher allowances were
granted to them than to other corps, as will be detailed
below. This organisation continued until 1906, the
battalions training in brigade camps at Stobs, Alder-
shot, or Barry Links, after which training season it was
replaced by that in force till 1908.
1 It is of interest to note that at the training of 1906 the battalions
named above had the following numbers (all ranks) in camp for the full
year— viz., Q.R.V.B., 749 ; 4th Royal Scots, 655 ; 5th Royal Scots, 702 ;
Border, 512 ; 1st Royal Highlanders, 723 ; 1st H.L.I., 635 ; 3rd H.L.I.,
906 ; 1st Gordon Highlanders, 551 ; and 2nd Royal Scots Fusiliers, 675.
Emergency Camps in 1900. "' iof
Under the pressure of the war emergency, and in
view of possible complications abroad arising out of
the war, it was decided to give the whole
Emergency P
camps in of the volunteer force a special extra train-
ing in the summer of 1900. With this view
an appeal was made to the patriotism of the force,
and, by a special Army Order of March 29, sanction
was given for a camp to be formed for twenty-eight
days by each volunteer infantry brigade, in which
particular attention was to be paid to field training
and musketry — a special course of the latter, during
which sixty rounds were to be fired at 300 to 600
yards, being laid down. A special capitation grant
of £2, 2s. was given for each volunteer attending the
camp for fourteen clear days and firing the musketry
course ; and in addition officers and men received pay
and field allowances at army rates, and the men drew
separation allowances for their families. The special
capitation grant was only issued, however, if 50 per
cent of the enrolled strength of the corps complied
with the conditions. The same training facilities were
by subsequent orders extended to position batteries
of Artillery, Engineers, Army Medical Corps, and
Bearer Companies — the first receiving also £5 for the
hire of each horse for the twenty-eight days, and each
battery being allowed fifty rounds a gun for practice
purposes. These camps were numerously attended in
Scotland, and in the months of June and July the coun-
try presented the appearance of a vast camp — all the
habitual training-grounds being filled to overflowing.
By an Order in Council of August 11, 1902, the
increased conditions of efficiency for volunteers were
ett^ncy,101" increased in strictness, and as these remained
1902. jn force till 1908 (with certain modifications,
which have been taken note of in the context) they
i62 Origin and History of the Force.
are summarised here. It is to be noted that in all
arms attendance at the annual inspection became
obligatory, except in cases of certified sickness or of
special leave granted by the commanding officer, and
that corps might be exempted from obligatory camps
by special authority, or individuals in cases of certified
sickness. The 1st Orkney E.G. A. Volunteers and the
7th V.B. Gordon Highlanders were not obliged to attend
camp, but were liable to the extra attendances instead.
Year of
Recruit's
Company
Musketry.
Camp or attachment
ARM.
service.
training.
training.
to regular forces.
1st
45 attendances*
Obligatory for 6 clear
and consecutive
>>
Subsequent
15 attendances*
days, during which
.2
gun practice and
1
<
inspection in man-
ning works and fire
discipline will take
place.
1st
40 attendances!
Optional, as
Obligatory for 6 clear
Jl
per mus-
ketry regu-
and consecutive
Subsequent
10 attendances!
days, during which
lations
inspection in field
£h
duties will take
place.
lst,anduntil
qualified
)
| 18 attendances
Obligatory, either —
(a) for 8 clear and
11
jl
Subsequent,
}
consecutive days.
for quali-
(b) for 2 periods of
fied men
who attend
> 18 attendances
4 clear and con-
secutive days.
Sa
camp for 6
days only
j
(c) for qualified men,
6 clear and con-
In other cases
6 attendances
J
secutive days.
£
1st
40 attendances!
Obligatory,
Obligatory, as for
as per mus-
fortress engineers.
M
Subsequent
10 attendances
ketry regu-
a
lations
2 11
^« a
1st
45 attendances!
Obligatory, as for
fortress engineers.
Subsequent
15 attendancesi
* §3
* Six additional, including gun practice, if the corps is exempted from camp.
! Six additional if the corps is exempted from attending camp.
Efficiency Conditions and Camp Allowances. 103
These new conditions, especially the prescription
of obligatory attendance at camp, had in many cases
an adverse effect upon the strength of volunteer corps,
as may be seen from the returns in Appendix I, but
less so in Scotland than elsewhere, and, if mere num-
bers fell off, the increase in efficiency was undoubtedly
great.
By a special Army Order of March 20, 1901, a new
increase in scale of camp allowances was introduced,
an™s!„,ow" which held good till 1908, the main provi-
190 1. sions being as follows : —
Daily allowance (rep-
resenting ordinary
pay, subsistence, &c.)
For a
period
in days.
Additional allowance
to cover time occupied
in joining and quitting.
Officers.
Others.
Officers.
Others.
Class I.
Brigade camps .
Camps with regular forces .
Regimental camps (for gar-
rison artillery and en-
gineers) ....
Heavy artillery, medical
corps, and brigade bearer
companies
8 0
I 8 0
s. d.
2 6
2 6
6
6 or 13
s. d.
16 0
16 0
s. d.
5 0
5 0
Special.
Infantry battalions and brig-
ade bearer companies
specially included in the
field army
Vll 6
5 0
13
23 0
10 0
Class II.
Regimental camps (infantry
and brigade bearer com-
panies and medical corps)
\ 8 0
2 6
6
Class III.
Electrical Engineers .
10 0
5 0
1 to 8
The allowances to officers were personal ones, and
were drawn by commanding officers and paid to the
officers. Travelling allowances to and from camp
104 Origin and History of the Force.
were paid for Class I. and Special camps at the rate
of Id. a mile from the headquarters of units to camp
up to a limit of 8 s., and for Class II. camps up to a
limit of 4s. for each volunteer. To qualify for Class I.
allowances in brigade camp, a battalion had to have
at least 300 members in camp for the regulated period ;
if not, it only drew the allowances for a Class II. or
regimental camp. No allowances (except in the case
of electrical engineers) were granted to any volun-
teer who, before attending camp, had not completed
during the year at least, if a recruit, 20 attendances
at recruit training ; if a trained man, the battery or
company training required for efficiency.
Certain minor changes were made in 1901 and 1902
in the capitation allowances, and a summary of these
„ • , allowances may well find its place here to
Capitation J *
allowances, supplement the efficiency and camping regu-
lations given above.
The capitation allowances were —
£1, 15s. for every efficient officer and volunteer, except in the
electrical engineers, in which the allowance was £4. If a
volunteer was exempted from camp, but otherwise qualified, he
earned the so-called " lower rate " of £1, 5s. only.
A special efficiency grant of 17s. 6d. a-head was made on an
increase of numbers in a corps.
£2, 10s. for every " proficient " officer or serjeant of artillery,
fortress engineers, infantry, or medical corps.
£1, 10s. for each officer of artillery who passed an examination
in artillery, or for each officer of engineers or infantry who passed
an examination in tactics.
£1 for each efficient cyclist in possession of a suitable cycle, or
for each efficient mounted infantryman in possession of suitable
horse equipment.
£1, 10s. for each efficient officer and serjeant in army service
corps companies or the transport section of the medical corps
who had been instructed in transport duties.
3s. annually for each volunteer under the rank of officer
The Force in 1903- 1905. 105
for the maintenance of greatcoat, equipment, &c, and £1, 3s.
each on increase of strength, for the first equipment of these
ranks.
Into travelling and other allowances it would lead
too far to enter here.
After the war, the volunteer force continued its
work with fresh enthusiasm born of the consciousness
The force m that it had not failed when called upon to
1 903- 1 90s. supplement the regular army, and that it
had secured a definite place in the defensive system
of the Empire. In spite of the fervour begotten of
war at the gates having passed away, and of the
effect of the more stringent regulations as to camping,
numbers in Scotland were well kept up, the total of
enrolled volunteers in 1905 being only 2589 fewer
than in 1902, while the number of non-efficients had
sunk from 2186 to 1657.
The only change in organisation which need be
noted in this period is the redistribution of commands,
introduced by special Army Order of January 6, 1905,
by which the colonels commanding regimental districts
were abolished and the dep6ts and the volunteer
infantry brigades were placed under the orders of the
Brigadier- General commanding the group of regimental
districts (two in Scotland, "Highland" at Perth and
" Lowland " at Hamilton), the volunteer artillery
remaining as before under the lieutenant - colonels
commanding artillery sub-districts, and the engineers
under the Chief Engineer in the Scottish command. By
a later Army Order (87 of May 1905), the Brigadier-
General commanding the coast defences in Scotland
was made responsible for the command and training
of all units of artillery, engineers, and infantry allotted
to these defences.
The review of Scottish volunteers in 1905, for which
106 Origin and History of the Force.
there was no counterpart in England, was the outcome
of a proposal made by Sir Robert Cranston
Review by shortly after his appointment as Lord Provost
septembery' of Edinburgh, and also as Colonel-Command-
18, 1905. ant of the Queen's Rifle Volunteer Brigade,
in the end of 1903, and in July 1905 Sir Robert
received an intimation that His Majesty would be
pleased to hold a review of Scottish volunteers at
Edinburgh on Monday, September 18. The message
was received with the utmost enthusiasm throughout
Scotland; town councils voted money to help in the
expenses of their volunteers attending, Glasgow
contributing £750 and Edinburgh £500 in this way,
and schools, halls, and other public buildings in
Edinburgh were placed at the disposal of the military
authorities to accommodate the troops coming from a
distance, the entertainment of the majority of whom
was undertaken by their local friends settled in the
capital. The ground selected was the same as that
on which the reviews of 1860 and 1881 had taken
place, — Holyrood Park, — and the general arrange-
ments were similar, a grand stand to hold 5000 people
being erected, the bulk of the spectators finding places
as before on the slopes of Arthur's Seat. Thanks to
the development since 1881 of the railway system,
it was possible to arrange for almost all the corps,
except those from the extreme north and west, to
be brought to Edinburgh and taken home again within
the twenty -four hours, and the plan of transport
worked without a hitch. The Army Council granted
£4000 in aid of railway expenses, — an assistance
not granted in former reviews, — which sufficed to
pay about two -thirds of the expenses of travelling,
the remainder being met by the local contri-
butions, and the whole expenses of the journey of
The Royal Review of 1905. 107
the Liverpool Scottish (8th V.B. The King's) were
borne by Lord Strathcona, the honorary colonel of
the corps.
The total strength of the force reviewed was, ac-
cording to the parade state, 1744 officers and 36,639
other ranks, or a total of 38,383 ; and although this
total was lower than that of the 1881 review, which
amounted to 39,473, yet of the latter 3739 belonged
to English corps, leaving the muster of Scottish corps
at 35,734, so that the review of 1905 represented a
record assemblage of Scots under arms in modern days.
Although the Light Horse and Mounted Rifles of former
days were no longer to the fore, the force yet showed a
small body of mounted men, and the Naval Volunteer
Reserves, the 42 horsed field-guns, the Submarine
Miners, the Motor Volunteer Corps, and the Medical
Corps represented arms of the service which had no
existence in 1860 or 1881, and typified the progress
made in the organisation and preparation for war of
the force. It was a force, too, which had a much
greater resemblance to the regular army than its
predecessors of 1860 or 1881, for it was difficult
to distinguish at a short distance the uniforms of
the bulk of the corps from those of the regular
regiments to which they were affiliated and whose
glorious names they bore, and that with a right
now derived from close association with them on
active service.
The troops reviewed were under the command of
Lieut. - General Sir Charles Tucker, K.C.B., Com-
manding-in -Chief in Scotland, and were organised as
follows : —
io8 Origin and History of the Force.
Naval Troops— Captain R. S. D. dimming, R.N.
R.N. Volunteer Reserve, Clyde and Tay— Comman-
der The Marquess of Graham ....
Mounted Troops — Colonel Sir "W. J. G. Baird, Bart.
Lothian and Berwick I.Y. — Major Wauchope,
D.S.O
Q.R.V.B. Mounted Infantry— Major G. G. Watson .
Total mounted troops
Royal Garrison Artillery Division — Brigadier-
General Lord Playfair.
Heavy Battery Brigade — Colonel A. B. Grant, V.D.,
1st Lanark RG.AV.
1st Mid-Lothian R.G. A.V. \Colonel J. A. Dalmahoy, /
1st Forfar R.G. A. V. J V.D. \
1st Lanark R. G. A. V. — Lieut-Col. J. Taylor,
V.D
1st R.G.A. Brigade— Colonel T. W. Powles, R.G.A.
1st Edinburgh City R.G.A.V. — Lieut - Col. E.
Campbell
1st Mid-Lothian RG.AV. "I Major C. L. Blaikie, (
1st Berwick R.G.A.V. V V. D., 1st Mid- \
1st Fife R.G.A.V. J Lothian R.G. A. V. {
1st Fife R. G. A. V. — Colonel J. W. Johnston.
V.D
2nd R.G.A. Brigade— Colonel A. B. Purvis, RG.A.
1st Forfar R.G.A.V.
1st Caithness R.G.A.V.
1st Aberdeen R.G.A.V.
1st Banff RG.AV.
Colonel T. G. Luis, V.D,
1st Forfar RG.AV.
Colonel G. Milne, V.D.,
1st Aberdeeen R.G. A.V.
The Highland RG.AV. V Colonel J. E. Baillie,
1st Orkney RG.AV.
Highland R.G.A.V.
3rd R.O.A. Brigade — Colonel A. Powell, D.S.O..
RG.A.
1st Renfrew and Dum-"l Lieut. -Col. C. C. Scott,
barton R.G.A.V. I V.D., 1st Renfrew
1st Argyll and Bute | and Dumbarton
RG.AV. J RG.AV.
1st Lanark RG.AV. —Lieut. -Col. A. M'l. Shaw,
V.D
1st Ayr and Galloway R. G. A. V— Lieut -Col. T. R.
Stuart
Total RG.A. Division
23
314
lfi
460
8
227
2
34
10
242
16
458
25
429
17
210
27
423
17
257
.34
427
15
165
750
581
The Royal Review of 1905.
109
Officers.
Other
ranks.
Guns.
Royal Engineer Brigade — Colonel K. L. Hippisley,
1st Lanark RE. V.— Colonel T. S. Park, V.D.
1st Aberdeen RE. V.— Colonel W. S. Gill, V.D. .
2nd Lanark RE.V. — Lieut. -Col. A. Pearson
Clyde Division Submarine Miners — Colonel D. F. D.
Neill
Tay Division Submarine Miners — Lieut. -Col. F. S.
Stephen
Forth Division Submarine Miners — Lieut. -Col.
H. M. Cadell, V.D
22
12
35
10
5
9
421
288
805
175
124
76
Total RE. Brigade
93
1889
1st Infantry Division — Brigadier-General
A. Broadwood.
1st Lothian Brigade — Colonel Sir R Cranston, Kt.,
V.D.
1st Bn. Q.RV.B. Royal Scots — Colonel A. T.
Hunter, V.D
2nd Bn. Q.RV.B. Royal Scots — Lieut. - Col. R
Clark, V.D
3rd Bn. Q.RV.B. Royal Scots— Colonel J. Gibb, V.D.
4th V.B. Royal Scots— Lieut. -Col. G. M'Crae, V.D.
9th V.B. (Highlanders) Royal Scots— Lieut. -Col. J.
Clark
Bearer Company — Captain A. Macdonald
2nd Lothian Brigade — Brigadier-General W. Gordon.
5th V.B. Royal Scots— Colonel Sir J. M. Clark,
Bart., V.D
6th V.B. Royal Scots— Lieut. -Col. T. Rough, V.D.
7th .. .. Colonel R M. Main, V.D. .
8th 11 11 Lieut. -Col. C. Chalmers,
V.D
8th (Scottish) V.B. The King's (Liverpool Regiment)
— Lieut. -Col. A. L. Macfie
Scottish Border Brigade — Colonel J. H. Campbell.
1st V.B. Royal Scots Fusiliers — Lieut. -Col. J. Gow
2nd 1, .. 11 Lieut. -Col. J. E.
Shaw
1st Roxburgh and Selkirk (Border) V.RC. — Colonel
Sir R. J. Waldie-Griffith, Bart., V.D. .
2nd V.B. K.O. Scottish Borderers— Colonel C. Hope
3rd .. .. .. Colonel R F.
Dudgeon, V.D
Galloway V.RC— Colonel J. M. Kennedy, V.D. .
Bearer Company— Surgeon-Captain G. R Livingston
32
32
31
27
23
3
20
18
16
20
20
20
22
35
21
21
14
1
603
633
663
822
517
53
1000
515
374
574
480
610
501
711
363
407
635
35
Total 1st Infantry Division
376
9496
no Origin and History of the Force.
2nd Infantry Division — Colonel J. W. Hughes-
Hallett, C.B., D.S.O.
Scottish Rifle Brigade — Brigadier - General E. C.
Browne.
1st Lanark V.R.C.— Colonel J. Macfarlane, V.D. .
2nd V.B. Scottish Rifles— Colonel T. B. Ralston,
V.D
3rd Lanark V.R.C.— Colonel J. B. Wilson, V.D. .
4th V.B. Scottish Rifles— Colonel F. J. Smith, V.D.
Highland Light Infantry Brigade — Colonel J. Steven-
son, C.B., A.D.C.
1st V.B. H.L. I. —Colonel R. C. Mackenzie, V.D. .
2nd ii n Colonel J. D. Young, V.D. .
3rd n ii Colonel D. R. Graham, V.D.
9th Lanark V.R.C. — Major J. Lancaster, V.D.
5th (Glasgow Highland) V.B. H.L. I. —Lieut. -Col.
P. W. Hendry, V.D. . . ...
Bearer Company — Surgeon-Major A. D. Moffat
Argyll and Sutherland Brigade — Colonel J. M. Hunt.
1st V.B. A. and S. Highlanders— Colonel W. U.
Park, V.D
2nd V.B. A. and S. Highlanders — Colonel
J. Paton, V.D
3rd V.B. A. and S. Highlanders — Lieut. - Col.
J. M. Campbell
4th V.B. A. and S. Highlanders— Colonel R. Mor-
ton, V.D
5th V.B. A. and S. Highlanders— Lieut. -Col. E. P.
Campbell
1st Dumbarton V.R.C.— Lieut.-Col. H. Brock
7th V.B. A. and S. Highlanders— Lieut. -Col. R.
Haig
Bearer Company — Captain J. A. Boyd .
Total 2nd Infantry Division
3rd Infantry Division— Brigadier-General Forbes
Macbean, C.B.
Black Watch Brigade— Colonel E. G. Grogan, C.B.
1st V.B. Black Watch— Lieut. -CoL H. Hill, V.D.
2nd .. ., Colonel J. Davidson, V.D.
3rd ii ii Lieut. -Col. C. Batchelor,
V.D
4th V.B. Black Watch— Colonel Sir R. D. Mon-
crieffe, Bart., V.D
5th V.B. Black Watch— Colonel Marquis of Bread-
albane, KG, AD.C
6th V.B. Black Watch— Colonel Sir R. W. An
struther, Bart
Bearer Company — Surgeon-Major W. Kinnear
800
610
750
500
700
344
770
48
753
570
624
583
1,271
477
47
581
439
350
434
478
The Royal Review of 1905.
Officers.
Other
ranks.
Guns.
Gordon Brigade — Brigadier- General P. D. Trotter.
1st V.B. Gordon Highlanders — Lieut. -Col. L. Mac-
kinnon, V.D
3rd V.B. Gordon Highlanders— Colonel R. Robert-
son, V.D
4th V.B. Gordon Highlanders— Lieut.-Col. W. A.
Mollis, V.D
5th V.B. Gordon Highlanders— Lieut. -Col. A. H.
Farquharson
6th V.B. Gordon Highlanders — Colonel J. G.
Fleming, V.D
7th V.B. Gordon Highlanders — Major J. C. C. Broun
London Scottish (7th Middlesex) V.R.C.— Colonel
J. W. Greig, V.D
Seaforth and Cameron Brigade — Colonel N. M'Leod.
1st V.B. Seaforth Highlanders— Colonel A. R. B.
Warrand
1st Sutherland V.R.C.— Colonel J. Morrison, V.D.
3rd V.B. Seaforth Highlanders — Colonel R.
Urquhart, V.D
1st V.B. Cameron Highlanders — Colonel D. Shaw,
V.D
Bearer Company — Captain J. Macdonald
32
20
27
21
16
5
20
22
27
24
19
3
550
295
328
308
271
75
240
329
497
446
453
50
Total 3rd Infantry Division
396
6941
Royal Army Medical Corps Volunteers — Lieut. -Col.
Croly, R.A.M.C.
Aberdeen Companies R.A.M.C.V. — Captain F.
Kelly
Glasgow Companies R.A.M.C.V.— Lieut.-Col. G. T.
Beatson, V.D. .
6 War Ambulance Dogs — Major E. J. Richardson .
Detachment Motor Volunteer Corps (10 cars) — Captain
G. Macmillan.
v ■ ( Detachment 17th Lancers
p^Sg^ Army Service Corps .
urouna (Lothians and Berwick I. Y. .
9
21
1
1
2
157
429
10
40
40
65
Grand total of force
1744
36,639
45
All ranks
Horses .
Guns
Motor cars
45
10
The ground was kept by the 2nd Highland Light
Infantry, and the music for the march past was
supplied by the bands and pipers of the 2nd Scottish
1 1 2 Origin and History of the Force.
Rifles, 1st Black Watch, and 2nd Highland Light
Infantry. As a guard of honour in rear of the salut-
ing base was drawn up the Royal Bodyguard of
Scottish Archers, under the command of the Captain-
General, the Duke of Buccleuch, K.T. ; and in front
of the grand stand were ranged 21 officers and 101
men, veterans of the Crimea and Indian Mutiny of
Scottish regular regiments, and 1830 ex -volunteers,
many of whom wore their old uniforms, who had taken
part in the Reviews of 1860 and 1881, including 29
of the Loch Katrine Bodyguard of 1859. The weather
was all that could be desired, cool and clear with
occasional sunshine, very different from that of the
1881 review.
His Majesty, who had arrived in Edinburgh from
Rufford Abbey in the morning, left Holyrood Palace
on horseback at 11 o'clock, accompanied by Field
Marshal H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught, and attended
by the Marquis of Linlithgow, Secretary for Scotland,
the Marquis of Tullibardine, and his Scottish aides-de-
camp of the militia and volunteer forces, Colonel the
Earl of Wemyss (London Scottish V.R.C.), Colonel
Sir Reginald Ogilvy (Forfar and Kincardine R.G.A.
Militia), Colonel the Earl of Kintore (3rd Gordon
Highlanders), and Colonel the Marquis of Breadalbane
(5th V.B. the Black Watch), a royal salute being
fired on His Majesty entering the parade-ground by
the 1st City of Edinburgh Artillery from their 4 "7 inch
guns. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess and
Princess Patricia of Connaught were seated in the
grand stand. After inspecting the troops, who were
formed up in line of quarter- columns round the King's
Park and along the base of Salisbury Crags, and the
veterans, His Majesty took post at the saluting
base, and the march past began, the troops quitting
The Royal Review of 1905. 113
the ground and proceeding straight to their temporary
quarters after passing the saluting base, except the
1st Lothian Brigade, which lined the streets along
which His Majesty subsequently passed from Holy rood
to Waverley Station. The march past was carried out
with great precision, and the effect produced on the
spectators may best be described in the words of His
Majesty to some of the veterans : " Delighted to see
you all ; a grand show, wasn't it ? "
At the luncheon in the City Chambers after the
Review, H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught conveyed to
the Lord Provost the following verbal message from
the King : " Please tell the Lord Provost and Sir
Charles Tucker how pleased I am with the splendid
arrangements they have made to-day. I would have
travelled double the distance to see the very fine sight
that I have seen this day. I am thoroughly proud
of the Scottish volunteers. I know they came here
under great difficulties to themselves, many of them
travelling all night, and yet there they were on
parade, making a splendid show, and proving what
great and true patriotism there is in Scotland."
In the evening the following telegram was received
by Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Tucker from Colonel
Davidson, Equerry-in- waiting to His Majesty : —
Glenquoich, Invergarry, 8.35 p.m.
The King commands me to convey to you, and to all ranks under
your command, His Majesty's great satisfaction with the fine ap-
pearance of the Scottish volunteer force reviewed by him to-day.
The organisation by which so large a number of troops was
conveyed from so many different quarters reflects the greatest
credit on all concerned, and His Majesty fully recognises the
patriotic spirit which has inspired the units of the force to come
long distances, in many cases at great personal inconvenience, in
order to be present at the Eeview.
His Majesty was greatly pleased with the physique and appear-
H
ii4 Origin and History of the Force.
ance of the troops, and commands you to convey to all ranks his
approval of their steadiness on parade and in marching past.
His Majesty highly appreciates the fine spirit which has
resulted in the assembly of the magnificent force reviewed by
him to-day, and heartily congratulates you on the success of
the Review, to which your untiring energy has so largely con-
tributed.
The Lord Provost of Edinburgh also received from
the same source the following telegram : —
I am commanded by the King to convey to your lordship
the expression of His Majesty's entire approval of the admirable
arrangements (in which you have had so large a share) made in
connection with the Eeview of the Scottish Volunteer Force
held by the King. His Majesty wishes you to convey to the
citizens of Edinburgh his appreciation of the loyalty and warmth
of the reception accorded to him during his visit, which will
always be a memorable one on account of the large number of
Scottish volunteers assembled for inspection. His Majesty
hopes that the extraordinarily fine appearance of the Scottish
volunteers it was his pleasure to review to-day will act as an
incentive to others to join a force whose patriotism is so greatly
to be commended. — I remain, dear Lord Provost, yours sincerely,
Akthur Davidson.
Little now remains to be chronicled of the last three
years of the existence of the Scottish volunteer force
as such, and in them only three changes of
1906- 1908. . n J °
any importance were made.
The first was the reorganisation of the infantry
brigades, which, however, only affected the Scottish
volunteers in so far as the Argyll and Sutherland
Brigade, which was of unwieldy size, was split up
into two from October 1, 1906, the "Argyll and
Sutherland " comprising the 3rd, 4th, and 7th Volunteer
Battalions, and the " Clyde " comprising the 1st, 2nd,
and 5th Volunteer Battalions and the 1st Dumbarton
V.B.C. As brigadiers were appointed colonels or
Officers Commanding Volunteer Brigades. 1 1 5
lieutenant-colonels from the retired or half-pay lists of
the regular forces or of the auxiliary forces, the latter
being given the temporary rank of colonel in the army.
These officers were to command the brigades in peace
or war, be responsible for their training, inspect the
battalions, and be the channel of communication between
the latter and the brigadiers-general commanding the
groups of regimental districts. Brigade-majors were to
be chosen either from retired regular or from qualified
volunteer officers, and both they and the officers com-
manding brigades were to hold their appointments for
five years, subject to an age limit of fifty-five for the
former and sixty-five for the latter. To the command
of brigades were appointed —
Colonel A. C. Duff, half-pay, June 1, 1906.
Colonel E. C. Grogan, C.B., retired pay.
Colonel A. B. Purvis, half -pay, E.A.,
June 7, 1906.
Colonel A. M. Carthew-Yorstoun, C.B.,
half-pay, June 23, 1907.
Colonel J. W. Hughes - Hallett, C.V.O.,
C.B., D.S.O., retired pay, Aug. 6, 1906.
Colonel (temp, colonel in army) E. C.
Mackenzie, V.D., late Lieut.- Colonel
1st V.B., H.L.I., June 8, 1906.
Colonel (temp, colonel in army) Sir E.
Cranston, Kt., K.C.V.O., late Lieut.-
Colonel Queen's E.V.B., E.S., June 1,
1906.
Colonel A. C. Becher, retired pay, March
30, 1907.
Colonel P. D. Trotter, retired pay, June
1, 1906.
Colonel E. C. Browne, retired pay, June 1,
1906.
Colonel H. H. L. Malcolm, D.S.O., half-
pay, June 1, 1906.
Argyll and Sutherland,
Black Watch
Clyde
Gordons
Highland Light In-
fantry
1st Lothian .
2nd Lothian .
Scottish Borderers
Scottish Eifles
Seaforth and Cameron J
The second change was the abolition of submarine
mine defences in all ports in 1907. The services of the
n6 Origin and History of the Force.
Submarine Mining Volunteers were consequently not re-
quired to anything like the same extent as before, and
accordingly the Forth and Clyde Divisions were trans-
formed into divisions of Electrical Engineers, and their
numbers reduced to those necessary for working the
electric lights in connection with the gun defences, and
the Tay Division was disbanded.
Lastly, the rearmament of the volunteer heavy bat-
teries is to be noticed. In 1907 the 15 -pounder B.L.
gun, transformed into a quick-firer, was issued to the
1st Lanarkshire R.G.A.V., in place of its 16 -pounder
R.M.L. guns, and the same course was ordered to be
pursued with the other batteries armed with guns of
the latter nature as transformed B.L.Q.F. guns became
available.
The general development of the force, its changes in
organisation, equipment, training, and uniform, its re-
views by the Sovereign and the compliments
The Scottish . , «J . &. . , .«•
volunteer paid to it, its progress in efficiency and military
Force in 1907. g™^ an(j j^g services in the field, have now
been traced through the forty-eight years of its exist-
ence, and it now remains only to summarise its strength
and composition at the time when it ceased to exist as
the " Volunteer Force " and took its place as the nucleus
of the more highly-developed " Territorial Army." l
The establishments of the force for the year ending
March 31, 1908, are given in detail in Appendix G, and
may be summarised as follows :—
The Royal Garrison Artillery Volunteers consisted of
14 corps (of which one was a one-company corps attached
to a larger one), comprising altogether 24 heavy bat-
teries and 99 J garrison companies, with a total estab-
lishment of 509 volunteer officers and 11,329 volun-
1 See Appendix J for the units of the Territorial Army, into which those
of the Volunteer Force were transformed.
The Force in 1907. 117
teers of other ranks, and a permanent staff of 14 officers
and 97 other ranks of the regular forces.
The Royal Engineer Volunteers consisted of 3 corps
of Fortress Engineers, with in all 27 companies, and
2 divisions (companies) of Electrical Engineers, with a
total establishment of 101 volunteer officers and 2747
volunteers of other ranks, and a permanent staff of 3
officers and 14 other ranks of the regular forces.
The Volunteer Infantry (including the two Scottish
battalions in London and Liverpool) numbered in all 50
battalions, of from 16 companies (1st Lanarkshire) down
to 3 companies (7th V.B. Gordon Highlanders), the
total being 476 companies, or an average of 9 to 10 per
battalion, with an establishment of 1665 volunteer
officers and 53,813 volunteers of other ranks, and a
permanent staff of 49 officers and 298 other ranks of
the regular forces. These included 1 company and 3
sections of mounted infantry, and 19 companies and 6
sections of cyclists.
The Royal Army Medical Corps Volunteers consisted
of 8 companies and transport sections for 8 field hos-
pitals and 3 bearer companies, and there were 5 volun-
teer brigade bearer companies, with a total establish-
ment of 75 volunteer officers and 1321 volunteers of
other ranks, and permanent staff of 1 officer and 11
other ranks of the regular forces.
Army Service Corps companies had been formed for
seven out of the ten volunteer infantry brigades, but
their 'personnel was borne as supernumerary to the
establishment of one or more battalions of the brigade,
and belonged to these battalions.
The return of strength and efficiency of the Scot-
tish Volunteer Force on November 1, 1907, is given
in detail in Appendix H, and its summary is as fol-
lows : —
u8 Origin and History of the Force.
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ii9
II.
RECORDS OF THE SEVERAL CORPS WHICH
HAVE CONSTITUTED THE SCOTTISH
VOLUNTEER FORCE, 1859-1908.
NOTES.
The " date of formation " of a corps is given throughout as that
on which its first officers were commissioned, as shown in the
monthly ' Army List.' This by no means corresponds with the
date of acceptance of the services of the corps, but it is only in
few cases that the latter can now be ascertained, and when this
is known it is so stated.
In the lists of commanding-officers, all steps of honorary rank,
orders, and decorations obtained by them during their period of
command are shown.
The numbers of men given as having served in South Africa
are those of officers and other ranks who, while members of the
corps, took part in the war of 1899-1902.
LIGHT HORSE.
1st FIFE LIGHT HORSE.
(Plate I.)
The circumstances under which this corps was raised
have been already detailed in Part L, on page 32.
It was originally formed as the 1st Fife Mounted
1 20 Records of the Several Corps.
Rifles, with headquarters at Cupar, and four troops
(companies), 1st at Cupar, 2nd at St Andrews, 3rd at
Kirkcaldy, and 4th at Dunfermline, the date of accept-
ance of its services being June 7, 1860, and that of the
first commissions of the officers July 11, 1860. The
original uniform was scarlet tunics with blue piping,
blue pantaloons with scarlet piping, Napoleon boots,
black leather helmets with silver ornaments and spike,
blue forage caps with scarlet band and top, and brown
belts. White plumes for full dress were added to the
helmets in 1864, and in 1879 silver-lace belts for full
dress were adopted by the officers. The original arma-
ment was cavalry swords and short Enfield rifles, and
the men rode their own horses and used hunting-
saddles.
In 1870 the designation of the corps was changed to
1st Fife Light Horse, mainly on account of the diffi-
culty of keeping up the minimum establishment of four
companies of " mounted rifles," which was fixed at 172,
while for " light horse" it was only 144. At the same
time Westley- Richard carbines were substituted for
the short Enfield rifles, which were very inconvenient
to carry on horseback.
In 1876 the 1st Forfar Light Horse, one troop strong,
was attached to the regiment for training and adminis-
tration, and in 1883 a fifth troop was raised with
headquarters at Perth.
On the formation of the Imperial Yeomanry for
service in South Africa in January 1900, the Fife and
Forfar Light Horse formed the nucleus of the 20th
company, which was embodied in the 6th (Scottish)
battalion, two of the officers of the Fife Light Horse,
Lieutenants J. Gilmour and J. Simpson, proceeding to
South Africa with the company.
In May 1901 the corps was amalgamated with the
s si
s 2 < J
ist Forfar Light Horse. 121
1st Forfar Light Horse and transferred to the Imperial
Yeomanry establishment under the title of " Fifeshire
and Forfarshire Imperial Yeomanry," in which " A "
squadron represented the old 1st, 2nd, and 3rd troops,
" B" the 4th and 5th, and " C" the 1st Forfar Light
Horse.
The commanding officers have been —
Major J. A. Earl of Kosslyn (Lieut.-General and Colonel 7th
Hussars), July 11, 1860.
Lieut.-Colonel John Anstruther Thomson (hon. col.), late Captain
9th Light Dragoons, August 31, 1866.
Lieut-Colonel Sir John Gilmour, Bart., V.D., October 30, 1895,
till transfer to Imperial Yeomanry.
1st FORFAR LIGHT HORSE.
(Plate I.)
The 1st Forfar Light Horse, one troop strong, was
raised, with headquarters at Dundee, on July 5, 1876.
Its uniform was the same as that of the 1st Fife Light
Horse, to which it was attached for drill and adminis-
tration from the date of its formation, and with which
it was finally amalgamated on the transfer of both to
the Imperial Yeomanry in May 1901.
Its commanding officer throughout its independent
existence was —
Captain Patrick A. W. Carnegy (hon. major), V.D., late Captain
15th Hussars, July 5, 1876.
122 Records of the Several Corps.
MOUNTED RIFLES.
1st ELGIN MOUNTED RIFLES.
The 1st Elgin Mounted Rifles was formed, with the
establishment of a company, at Elgin on January 9,
1869, and was attached to the 1st Administrative
Battalion Elgin R.V.
The uniform was blue hussar tunics with white lace
and red collars and cuffs, Bedford cord breeches with
riding-boots, and busby with blue bag, and the arma-
ment was swords and short Snider-Enfield rifles.
The commanding officer was —
Captain J. Grant Peterkin, January 9, 1869.
The corps never attained its minimum establish-
ment, and was only once inspected, when it mustered
17 men. It was disbanded on November 3, 1871.
1st ROXBURGH (THE BORDER) MOUNTED
RIFLES.
(Plate I.)
This corps was raised, with an establishment of one
company, and headquarters at St Boswells, under the
title of 1st Roxburgh Mounted Rifles, on February
15/ Roxburgh Mounted Rifles. 123
13, 1872, and was attached to the 1st Roxburgh and
Selkirk Administrative Battalion KV. Its uniform
was slate-grey, without facings, with five rows of broad
black braid on the breast of the tunic, black piping and
Austrian knot, and a double black stripe on the panta-
loons, butcher boots, busbies with scarlet bag and black
and white plume, and brown " Sam Browne " belts.
The armament was a cavalry sword and short Snider-
Enfield rifle, the latter carried in a " Namaqua" bucket
on the off wallet, the muzzle under the man's right
arm. The saddlery consisted of hunting-bridles and
breastplates with head-collar and white head-rope, and
hunting-saddles with white girths, the cloak being
carried rolled in front of the saddle. The clothing cost
£10, 4s. 6d., the belts £1, 10s., the head-collar and rope,
Namaqua bucket, and cloak-straps £1, Is., and spurs,
&c, £1, Is. 3d.,— in all, £13, 16s. 9d., which each man
had to pay on joining, besides engaging to mount
himself on a suitable horse. The corps assembled
annually for eight days' training, as did the yeomanry
of those days.
On January 22, 1880, the corps was granted the
title of " The Border Mounted Rifles," and in that year
grey helmets with silver star and the motto, "Wha
daur meddle wi' me ? " replaced the busbies, and silver-
lace edging was added to the piping on the collars,
shoulder-straps, and the Austrian knot. In the follow-
ing year the Martini-Henry rifles replaced the short
Snider-Enfield in the armament.
The corps acquired much fame in shooting competi-
tions for its special arm, and in 1884 its teams were
first and fifth, and in 1885 first and second, for the
Lloyd-Lindsay competition at Wimbledon.
In 1886 the corps attained its highest strength, 57
members, and was then divided into two troops, "A" at
124 Records of the Several Corps.
Hawick and " B " at Kelso, headquarters being moved
to Hawick.
In 1888 bandoliers for 50 rounds were adopted in
addition to the pouch for 20 rounds in front and that
for 40 rounds in rear hitherto worn, and the sword was
placed on the saddle. In the following year the corps
was attached to the "South of Scotland" Volunteer
Infantry Brigade, of which Viscount Melgund, who had
till then commanded the corps, was appointed Brigadier,
and it was supplied with four 1 -horse carts as transport.
Unfortunately, agricultural depression had its effect
on the corps, and the numbers gradually fell off. In
1891 the corps did not train, and on March 31, 1892, it
was disbanded, after an honourable existence of twenty
years.
The commanding officers were —
Captain G. J. Viscount Melgund (now the Earl of Minto), late
Ensign and Lieutenant, Scots Guards, February 13, 1872.
Captain J. C. Earl of Dalkeith, November 27, 1889, till March
31, 1892.
1st DUMFRIES MOUNTED RIFLES.
(Plate I.)
The 1st Dumfries Mounted Rifles, with an establish-
ment of one company and headquarters at Lockerbie,
was formed on November 25, 1874, and was attached
to the 1st Administrative Battalion Dumfries R.V. It
was disbanded in 1880, numbers having fallen off on
account of agricultural depression.
Its uniform was scarlet without facings, blue panta-
loons with scarlet stripes, butcher boots, black leather
\st Dumfries Mounted Rifles. 125
helmets with silver ornaments, brown " Sam Browne "
belts, and scarlet forage-caps with white (silver for
officers) bands. The armament, equipment, and sad-
dlery were similar to those of the Border Mounted
Rifles described above.
Its commanding officer throughout its existence
Captain Arthur Johnstone Douglas, late Ensign 42nd Foot,
November 25, 1874
1 26 Records of the Several Corps.
ROYAL GARRISON ARTILLERY VOLUNTEERS.
Notes common to all the Coups.
In the following records of individual corps they have been
placed in the order of their precedence in the whole force of
Volunteer Garrison Artillery, which numbered sixty-eight corps,
in the United Kingdom, namely : —
9. 1st Edinburgh (City).
11. 1st Mid-Lothian.
13. 1st Banff.
17. 1st Forfarshire.
30. 1st Eenfrew and Dumbarton.
32. 1st Fife.
35. 1st Lanarkshire.
38. 1st Ayr and Galloway.
39. 1st Argyll and Bute.
43. 1st Caithness.
45. 1st Aberdeenshire.
46. 1st Berwickshire.
47. The Highland.
54. 1st Orkney.
The following changes of designation took place, and are
common to all corps, so no mention of them has been made
in the corps records: —
In 1882 all the Scottish artillery volunteer corps were
" affiliated " to the " Scottish Division, Eoyal Artillery," but
this involved no change in their titles.
By Army Order 166 of August 1891 the corps were termed
" Volunteer Artillery Corps," and affiliated to the " Southern
Division, Eoyal Artillery," but were not required to add the
latter designation to their county titles. This affiliation to
divisions was discontinued in 1901.
By Army Order 27 of February 1902 the corps were desig-
nated, e.g., "1st Edinburgh (City) Eoyal Garrison Artillery
(Volunteers)."
Royal Garrison Artillery Volunteers. 127
The "companies" of volunteer artillery first raised were in
1860 designated "batteries," and this title they continued to
bear till 1891, when by Army Order 234 of November they
were termed "companies," in accordance with the nomen-
clature adopted for the regular garrison artillery. When
" position," afterwards called " heavy," batteries were formed in
1889, the 'personnel of two " garrison batteries " had to be
combined to man each. This led to confusion, so in 1892
these position batteries were made independent units, and by
Army Order 218 of November 1892 a numbering was ordered
by which, in corps composed entirely of position batteries or
garrison companies, these were numbered from 1 onwards, and
in corps composed partly of position batteries and partly of
garrison companies the former were numbered first — e.g., 1st,
2nd, and 3rd, — the garrison companies being numbered in
sequence, 4th, 5th, &c. Thus in the corps records the words
"battery" and "company" are used before and after 1892 to
designate the same unit, "position" or "heavy" battery being
specially used to designate units of that nature. The " position "
batteries were designated "heavy" by Army Order 120 of May
1902.
The uniform of the artillery volunteers has from the first
been closely modelled on that of the Eoyal Artillery, therefore
it has only been considered necessary to mention in the corps
records the original uniforms of 1859-60, which varied consider-
ably according to the fancy of individual corps, but always were
dark blue. It was only in 1878 that the scarlet Austrian knot
and cap-band were ordered to be worn as the badges to distinguish
the volunteer from the militia and regular artillery, and silver
lace for officers and white metal buttons for all ranks were from
the first worn. As a head-dress, the busby of the Royal Artillery
was universally adopted in the "early sixties," and this was
replaced in 1880-81 by the helmet, at first worn with a spike
and afterwards with a ball. At the " Coming of Age Eeview "
in 1881 the 1st Edinburgh (City) and the 1st Renfrew and
Dumbarton Artillery were the only corps which still wore the
busby. The latter gave it up shortly afterwards, and the former
was the only corps in Scotland which, till 1908, wore the head-
dress it assumed on its first formation.
128 Records of the Several Corps.
1st EDINBURGH (CITY) ROYAL GARRISON
ARTILLERY (VOLUNTEERS).
(Plate II.)
Order of Precedence, 9.
Honorary Colonel — Sir L. M'Iver, Bt., December 2, 1896.
Headquarters — 28 York Place, Edinburgh.
The 1st Edinburgh City Artillery Volunteers was
formed as a brigade on September 13, 1860, from
nine batteries raised in the city of Edinburgh : the
1st on 4th November 1859 ; 2nd on 10th, and 3rd
on 28th January ; 4th on 6th, and 5th on 24th March ;
6th on 23rd May; 7th on 6th June; 8th on 13th
August; and 9th on 16th October 1860. The 1st
Battery was formed mainly of artists, its first com-
mander being Joseph (later Sir Joseph) Noel Paton,
and its first lieutenant John Faed. The men of the
2nd and 4th Batteries were artisans ; but those of
the others equipped themselves entirely, and the
members of all paid subscriptions, which varied
according to the rules of each battery : in No. 1,
for example, members paid 10s. 6d., and honorary
members £1, Is. annually ; and in No. 9 officers
paid £2, 2s., Serjeants 10s., corporals 8s., bombardiers
6s., and gunners 4s. each year.
The first headquarters were at 21 Castle Street,
and the corps used the Argyle Battery in the Castle,
armed with 12-pounders, for drill, and a 32-pounder
battery at Leith Fort for practice, carbine shooting
being carried out at Hunter's Bog.
The original uniform was a dark blue single-breasted
tunic, hooked in front, with blue collar and cuffs and
flat black braid all round, the shoulder -cords and
ist Edinburgh Royal Garrison Artillery. 129
Austrian knot on the sleeves being of black round
lace. The trousers were blue, with a J-inch red
stripe with black braid on both sides of it, the belts
of white (buff) leather, with black pouch, and the
head-dress was the busby — a round forage cap without
peak, with a badge varying for each battery, being
worn in undress. The officers had silver lace on their
collars only, and gold badges of rank, their sleeve
lace being black.
In 1863 an alteration was gradually carried out,
the cuffs and collars being changed to scarlet and
the black lace to white (silver) cord, and a broad red
trouser stripe being introduced (see Plate I.) ; but it
was not till 1878 that the white cord was exchanged
for red. The busby originally worn was always re-
tained by this corps, the only one in Scotland which
wore it throughout its existence (see Plate I.)
In February 1889 two position batteries of 16-
pounder R.M.L. guns were issued to the corps, and
were manned by the 'personnel of four garrison bat-
teries, and in 1892 these position batteries were
numbered 1st and 2nd, the five garrison companies
remaining being numbered 3rd to 7th, which was
the formation of the corps till 1908. In February
1903 the armament of the 1st and 2nd Batteries was
changed to 4 7 -inch B.L. guns.
The 1st Berwick R.G.A.(V.), a corps one company
strong, at Eyemouth, was attached to the 1st Edin-
burgh City for administrative purposes from 1864 to
1908.
Great attention was always paid to gunnery in the
corps : in 1907 its detachment won the King's Prize
at the National Artillery Association meeting at
Lydd, and at the Buddon camp of the Scottish
National Artillery Association the corps won the
130 Records of the Several Corps.
cup presented by Colonel Lord Playfair for general
efficiency.
The corps possessed a commodious headquarters
with drill hall, &c., at 28 York Place, Edinburgh,
and for its musketry used the Queen's Rifle Volunteer
Brigade range at Hunter's Bog. Its gun practice
was carried out from the Inchkeith Batteries.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding the corps have
been —
William M. G. M. Wellwood, late Captain 2nd Bengal Light
Cavalry, September 13, 1860.
T. Bell, April 4, 1864.
Sir Wm. Baillie, Bt. (hon. col.), December 6, 1866.
Jas. Laing (hon. col.), July 26, 1884.
D. M. Potter (lieut.-colonel, retired pay) (hon. col.), August 11,
1888.
Jas. F. Mackay, V.D. (hon. col.), November 2, 1892.
Ewen Campbell, V.D. (hon. col.), February 6, 1904.
1st MID-LOTHIAN ROYAL GABBISON
ABTILLEBY (VOLUNTEERS).
(Plate II.)
Order of Precedence, 11.
Honorary Colonel — The Right Hon. A. P. Earl op Rosebery,
K.G., K.T., V.D., Jan. 7, 1903.
Headquarters — 30 Grindlay Street, Edinburgh.
Under the title of the 1st Mid- Lothian Coast Artillery-
Volunteers this corps was formed on March 10, 1860,
from six batteries raised at Leith (Nos. 1 to 6), two
on September 16, two on November 17, 1859, and two,
i st Mid-Lothian Royal Garrison A rtillery. 1 3 1
which at first constituted a separate corps, the 2nd
Mid-Lothian, on February 28, 1860, and added to the
1st on June 4, 1860. The 7th and 8th Batteries were
formed at Portobello and Musselburgh respectively on
December 17, 1859, and February 28, 1860.
The original uniform of the corps was dark blue tunics
and trousers, the latter with broad scarlet stripes. The
tunic had a scarlet collar with silver grenades em-
broidered on both sides, blue cuffs, five rows of black
cord lace on the breast, and black cord shoulder-cords
and Austrian knot. The head-dress was a busby, a
round forage-cap with red band being worn in undress,
and the belts were black. The 2nd Mid-Lothian at first
had scarlet cuffs and collar and white belts, but on
amalgamation conformed to the dress of the 1st Corps.
This uniform was worn down to the spring of 1881,
when the corps changed to the regulation clothing.
In 1864 the 1st Haddington Artillery Volunteers,
a corps of one battery at Dunbar, raised on January
20, 1860, was attached to the corps for administrative
purposes.
In 1886 the corps obtained two 40-pounder R.B.L.
guns on travelling carriages, and these, horsed by dray-
horses from Messrs Youngers' and Messrs M'Ewan's
breweries, appeared at all parades until 1889, when
two batteries of 16 -pounder R.M.L. guns were issued
to the corps and manned by the 'personnel of four
garrison batteries. The title of " Coast " artillery had
been dropped in 1888, and in 1889 the headquarters
of the corps were removed from Leith to Edinburgh.
In 1897 the 1st Haddington Artillery was amalgam-
ated with the 1st Mid-Lothian, of which it became the
9th Company.
In 1901 a third "heavy" battery of 16-pounders was
issued to the corps and manned by the two remain-
132 Records of the Several Corps.
ing garrison companies in Edinburgh, and two years
later the three heavy batteries were numbered 1st,
2nd, and 3rd, the Portobello and Musselburgh com-
panies being amalgamated as the 4th, and the Dunbar
company becoming the 5th Garrison Company, which
was the formation of the corps till 1908.
Lieut. A. H. M. Jamieson of the 1st M.RG.A.V.
served during the South African War as machine-gun
commander with the 6th Battalion Imperial Yeomanry.
Since the institution of the Scottish National Artillery
Association Camp at Buddon, the 1st Mid-Lothian was
always well represented at it. In 1902 the King's Cup
for heavy batteries was won by the 1st, and in 1905 by
the 2nd Heavy Battery, in the latter year the other
two batteries being respectively second and third in
the competition.
The corps headquarters in Grindlay Street dated
from 1888, and comprised two large drill-halls and all
the necessary store-rooms and accessories. At Porto-
bello and Musselburgh modern guns were available for
drill, and in the latter the headquarters of the 4th
Company were situated. The Dunbar Company had
also a drill-hall, with orderly room, &c. The corps
carried out its gun practice in camp, and its musketry
at the Hunter's Bog range.
The following officers have commanded the corps as
lieutenant-colonels : —
Sir Jas. G. Baird, Bt., late Captain 10th Hussars, Colonel,
A.D.C., March 10, 1860.
Thos. E. O. Home, July 18, 1883.
Chas. G. H. Kinnear (hon. col), June 26, 1884.
David Whitelaw, V.D., December 29, 1894.
Jas. A. Dalmahoy, M.V.O., V.D. (hon. col), June 8, 1898.
ist Banff Royal Garrison Artillery. 133
1st BANFF ROYAL GARRISON ARTILLERY
(VOLUNTEERS).
(Aberdeen, Banff, and Elgin.)
(Plate III.)
Order op Precedence, 13.
Honorary Colonel— A. W. G. Duke op Fife, K.T., G.C.V.O., V.D.,
March 15, 1884.
Headquarters — 6 Castle Street, Banff.
On October 22, 1861, the 1st Administrative Brigade
Banff Artillery Volunteers was formed, with head-
quarters at Banff, and in it were included the following
corps of one battery each, formed in the county : —
1st, Macduff, formed March 27, 1860.
2nd, Banff, formed April 5, 1860.
3rd, Banff, formed April 5, 1860.
4th, Portsoy, formed October 8, 1860.
5th, Cullen, formed January 18, 1861.
The original uniform of these corps closely followed that
of the Royal Artillery, with silver (white) lace.
To the brigade were added in 1863 the 1st Elgin
A. V., a battery formed at Lossiemouth on March 26,
1860, and in 1872 the 2nd Elgin A.V., also a battery
strong, raised at Burghead on October 16, 1872. On
account of numbers having fallen off, in 1864 the 2nd
and 3rd Batteries at Banff were amalgamated into one,
as the 2nd, and the No. 3 remained vacant until Nov-
ember 13, 1875, when a new 3rd Corps was formed at
Gordonstown.
In 1876 a general reorganisation of the artillery
volunteers of the north-east of Scotland took place,
under which the Banff Administrative Brigade was
134 Records of the Several Corps.
broken up, the two Elgin batteries being added to
the 1st Administrative Brigade Inverness A.V., and
the five Banff batteries to the 1st Administrative Bri-
gade Aberdeenshire A.V. When the latter was con-
solidated in May 1880, the Banff batteries were included
in it, but in May 1882 they and batteries representing
the former 1st and 5th Aberdeen Corps and 1st Elgin
Corps were formed into the 1st Banff Artillery Volun-
teers, with headquarters at Banff. The 1st Aberdeen
Corps had been formed at Peterhead on March 13, 1860,
with a strength of two batteries, but had been reduced
to one battery in 1864 ; and the 5th Aberdeen, of one
battery, had been raised in Fraserburgh on February
15, 1860. The batteries of the new 1st Banff A.Y.
were numbered as follows : —
No. 1, Macduff (late 1st Banff A.V.)
No. 2, Banff (late 2nd Banff A.V.)
No. 3, Gordonstown (late 3rd Banff A.V.)
No. 4, Portsoy (late 4th Banff A.V.)
No. 5, Cullen (late 5th Banff A.V.)
No. 6, Peterhead (late 1st Aberdeen).
No. 7, Fraserburgh (late 5 th Aberdeen).
No. 8, Lossiemouth (late 1st Elgin).
In this formation the corps continued until 1904, when
the No. 3 Gordonstown Company was, for the second
time in its history, disbanded, and the 4th to 8th Com-
panies became the 3rd to 7th.
The corps had its headquarters in Castle Street,
Banff, and was one of the few Scottish artillery corps
which possessed a pipe band, which wore the Duff
tartan of the honorary colonel of the corps. It latterly
performed its annual practice in camp at Barry, and
had five carbine ranges of its own near the headquarters
of companies.
2<
l< "
ist Forfarshire Royal Garrison Artillery. 135
The commanding officers have been —
J. Cruikshank, Major, October 22, 1861; Lieut-Colonel, August
14, 1863.
Jas. Moir, Lieut.-Colonel, December 29, 1865.
Francis W. Garden-Campbell, late Ensign and Lieutenant Scots
Fusilier Guards (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, November 8, 1873.
[On amalgamation with the 1st Administrative Brigade Aberdeen
A. V., Lieut.-Colonel Campbell was appointed second lieutenant-
colonel therein, and in 1879 lieutenant-colonel commandant. On
the 1st Banff being reformed in 1882, he assumed command of it.]
Pat. Jamieson, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, October 7, 1893.
[The command was vacant from 1896 to April 18, 1900.]
Charles G. Masson (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, April 18, 1900.
John James George, V.D., Lieut.-Colonel, April 18, 1907.
1st FORFARSHIRE ROYAL GARRISON ARTIL-
LERY (VOLUNTEERS).
(Plate III.)
Order of Precedence, 17.
Honorary Colonel — G. J. Lord Playfair, C.V.O., Colonel R.A. (retired pay),
December 12, 1903.
Headquarters— Albany Quarters, Bell Street, Dundee.
In 1859 and 1860 the following artillery volunteer
corps were formed in the county of Forfar: —
1st, Arbroath, formed October 31, 1859, of one battery. In-
creased to two batteries April 18, 1865, and to three batteries
in 1877. Its original uniform was a blue hooked tunic and
trousers, the latter with broad red stripes, the former with
scarlet collar and cuffs, black flat braid all round the front
and skirts, and black cord Austrian knot, white belts, and
busby.
136 Records of the Several Corps.
2nd, Montrose, formed October 31, 1859, of one battery, increased
to one and a half batteries June 23, 1866, and reduced to
one battery 1875.
3rd, Broughty Ferry, | Both raised on December 5, 1879, and
4th, do. do., j amalgamated as the 3rd Forfar of two
batteries in 1862. The original uniform of the 3rd Corps
was a blue buttoned tunic with scarlet cuffs, collar, and
piping, and black Austrian knot, the trousers with broad
red stripes, a blue shako with red band and white plume
of feathers, and black belts. The 4th Corps had the same
uniform as the 1st.
5th, Dundee, formed January 16, 1860,^ These corps, of one bat-
6th, do., formed April 24, 1860, [■ tery each, were amal-
7th, do., formed April 30, 1860, J gamated as the 4th
Corps of three batteries in 1862, which corps was raised to
four batteries in 1867, to six in 1868, and to seven in 1879.
The seven Forfarshire corps were on December 14,
1860, united into the 1st Administrative Brigade
Forfarshire A.V., the headquarters of which were at
Dundee, but these were transferred in 1862 to Broughty
Ferry, and in 1870 back to Dundee.
In 1876 the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Kincardine Artillery
Volunteers were attached to the brigade (see 1st
Aberdeen E.G.A. (V.)
In March 1880 the brigade as then existing — four
Forfarshire and three Kincardine corps — was consoli-
dated as the 1st Forfar Artillery Volunteers, with
headquarters at Dundee and sixteen batteries, but in
May 1882 the Kincardine batteries were transferred to
the 1st Aberdeen Artillery Volunteers, and the corps
reduced thereby to thirteen batteries, namely : —
Nos. 1 to 7, Dundee (former 4th Corps).
Nos. 8 to 10, Arbroath (former 1st Corps).
No. 11, Montrose (former 2nd Corps).
Nos. 12 and 13, Broughty Ferry (former 3rd Corps).
ist Forfarshire Royal Garrison Artillery. 137
In 1883 a fourteenth battery was formed at Perth.
The Dundee batteries of the corps had since 1868 had
two batteries of four field-guns each, but these were only
occasionally turned out, and were not officially recog-
nised, and it was only in 1889 that a position battery
of four 16 -pounder R.M.L. guns was formed and manned
by two of the Dundee garrison batteries. In 1892 this
battery was termed the 1st Position Battery, and the
remaining companies of garrison artillery were num-
bered, the Dundee companies becoming the 2nd to 6th,
the Arbroath companies the 7th to 9th, the Montrose
company the 10th, the Broughty Ferry companies the
11th and 12th, and the Perth company the 13th garri-
son company, which formation was maintained till 1908.
The corps, along with the other Dundee corps, had its
headquarters in the Albany Quarters, Bell Street,
Dundee, and used Barry Links for its gun practice. It
had a drill battery there, and a rifle range up to 500
yards at Monifieth Links for the Dundee and Broughty
Ferry companies, and others at Eliot Links, near Ar-
broath, and near Montrose for the companies at these
places.
The lieutenant-colonels commandant have been —
James E. Erskine, December 14, 1860.
Frank Stewart-Sandeman, V.D. (hon. col.), (lieutenant-colonel
commanding 4th Forfar A.V., July 28, 1868), July 20, 1870.
Thomas Couper, V.D. (hon. col), December 3, 1898.
William G. Thomson, V.D. (hon. col.), April 3, 1901.
Theodore G. Luis, V.D. (hon. col.), February 4, 1903.
James Lindsay Henderson, March 31, 1906.
138 Records of the Several Corps.
1st RENFREW AND DUMBARTON ROYAL
GARRISON ARTILLERY (VOLUNTEERS).
(Plate IV.)
Order of Precedence, 30.
Honorary Colonel — J. Keid, June 17, 1905.
Headquarters — 8 South Street, Greenock.
The following artillery volunteer corps were raised in
1860 in the counties of Renfrew and Dumbarton : —
1st Renfrew, Greenock, ^ These were all formed on January 20,
2nd do., do., >- 1860, and were amalgamated as the
3rd do., do., J 1st Renfrew of three batteries in
1864, which corps was increased to four batteries in 1867.
The original uniforms were blue tunics with scarlet cord on
the cuff, scarlet collar with black edging, the company num-
ber on the shoulder strap, silver buttons, blue trousers with
scarlet stripe, blue cap with scarlet band and grenade or
Prince of Wales' plumes in front, and black waist-belts.
1st Dumbarton, Helensburgh, formed February 9, 1860, as one
battery.
2d Dumbarton, Roseneath, formed March 5, 1860, as one battery.
Headquarters transferred to Kilcreggan in 1 866. Disbanded
1871. The original uniform of this corps was blue with
scarlet facings and white belts.
3rd Dumbarton, Dumbarton, formed December 24, 1860, as one
battery, and increased to two batteries on March 22, 1869.
These six corps were formed into the 1st Adminis-
trative Brigade Renfrewshire A. V. on August 22, 1863,
with headquarters at Greenock, and in May 1880 the
brigade was consolidated as the 1st Renfrew and
Dumbarton Artillery Volunteers, with headquarters at
Greenock and seven batteries, namely —
Nos. 1 to 4, Greenock (late 1st Renfrew).
No. 5, Helensburgh (late 1st Dumbarton).
Nos. 6 and 7, Dumbarton (late 3rd Dumbarton).
: & i?
i st Renfrew and Dumbarton R. G.A . 1 39
In 1889 a position battery of 40-pounder Armstrong
E..B.L. guns was issued to the corps and manned by
two of the Greenock batteries, the headquarters of the
other two being at the same time transferred to Port-
Glasgow. In 1892 the position battery was numbered
the 1st, the garrison companies taking the numbers 2
and 3 (Port-Glasgow), 4 (Helensburgh), and 5 and 6
(Dumbarton), which was the formation of the corps
till 1908.
During the South African War seventy- two men of
the corps volunteered their services, but only three
were taken.
The drill batteries of the corps were at Greenock,
and gun practice was carried out at Irvine. The
corps had also a carbine range at Drumshantie, near
Greenock.
The list of lieutenant-colonels commanding is —
John Scott, C.B., V.D. (hon. col.), August 22, 1863.
William Anderson, V.D. (hon. col.), June 11, 1892.
Kobert Duncan (hon. col.), May 13, 1894.
Francis G. Gemmill, V.D. (hon. col.), May 18, 1898.
Charles C. Scott, V.D. (hon. col.), January 18, 1902.
140 Records of the Several Corps.
1st FIFESHIRE ROYAL GARRISON ARTILLERY
(VOLUNTEERS).
(Fife and Stirling.)
Plate IV.
Order op Precedence, 32.
Honorary Colonel — The Right Hon. V. A. Earl op Elgin and Kincardine,
K.G., G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., March 26, 1902.
Headquarters — Kirkcaldy.
On 27th November 1860 the 1st Administrative
Brigade Fifeshire Artillery Volunteers, with head-
quarters at Kirkcaldy, was formed, and to it were
attached, then or on their subsequent dates of forma-
tion, the following corps of Fifeshire Artillery Volun-
teers of one battery each, except the 8th, which at
first had two : —
1st, Ferryport-on-Craig (Tayport), formed January 26, 1860.
2nd, Newport, formed April 13, 1860.
3rd, St Andrews, formed March 6, 1860. Uniform — blue long-
skirted tunics with red collars and piping, four rows of
black lace on the breast, and black Austrian knot, blue
trousers with red piping, blue caps with turned-down peak,
black band, and red piping, and white waist-belts. The
officers had silver lace on their collars and silver shoulder-
cords.
4th, Inverkeithing, formed March 3, 1860.
5th, Kirkcaldy, formed March 22, 1860. Uniform— blue long-
skirted tunics bound with flat black braid, scarlet collars
with silver grenade and black Austrian knot, blue trousers
with black braid and red piping on both sides, caps like the
3rd Corps, with straight peaks, and brown pouch and waist-
belts, the former with a badge of the Royal Arms, the latter
with the Thane of Fife on the belt-plate.
6th, Burntisland, formed February 20, 1860.
7th, Elie, formed March 8, 1860; headquarters transferred to
Anstruther in 1872.
ist Fifes hire Royal Garrison Artillery. 141
8th, Leven, formed July 24, 1860, of two batteries. Uniform —
tunic as for 3rd Corps (with silver cord on the collar),
trousers, cap, and belts as for 5th Corps. Eeduced to one
and a half batteries in 1866, and to one battery in 1875.
9th, Dysart, formed September 19, 1860.
10th, East Wemyss, formed January 16, 1862, out of the overflow
of the 8th. Uniform as for the 8th.
11th, Kinghorn, formed April 30, 1863.
The uniforms of the corps not mentioned above were
of the same type as that of the 5th ; some had broad
red stripes on the trousers, some white and others
brown belts, and all wore the peaked cap.
In 1863 the following corps of Stirlingshire Artillery
Volunteers were added to the brigade : —
1st, Grangemouth, formed March 27, 1860. Uniform — long-
skirted blue tunic with four rows of flat black braid, red
collars with silver lace and black Austrian knot, blue
trousers with red stripes, round forage caps with red band
(piped with silver cord for officers), and brown belts.
2nd, Stirling, formed May 30, 1860, as one subdivision. In-
creased to one battery April 17, 1861. Uniform as for
the 1st, but with white belts.
In 1863 the whole brigade adopted the regulation
artillery tunic with scarlet cord, busby, and forage cap
with scarlet band, and brown belts, which were discarded
later for white. Helmets replaced the busby in 1881.
In 1861, headquarters of the brigade were transferred
to St Andrews, and in 1880 the brigade was consoli-
dated as the 1st Fifeshire Artillery Volunteers, head-
quarters at St Andrews, with thirteen batteries, the Fife
batteries retaining their numbers as above, and the
Stirlingshire corps becoming Nos. 12 and 13 Batteries.
In 1882 the 7th Battery (Anstruther) was disbanded,
and in its place a new 7th formed at St Andrews out
of University students.
In 1889 a position battery of 16-pounder guns was
142 Records of the Several Corps.
issued to the corps and manned by the 3rd (St
Andrews) Battery, and an extra 'personnel specially
raised. In 1892 this became the 1st Position Battery,
the Tayport (1st) Company became the 2nd, and the 2nd
(Kirkcaldy, transferred thither from Newport on March
3, 1888) became the 3rd. Lieutenant J. N. Hotchkis of
the 1st Fife RG.A.V. served with the 18 th Battalion
Imperial Yeomanry during the South African War.
On March 1, 1900, a new 14th Company was formed at
Kirkcaldy, and in 1901 the 16-pounders of the position
battery were replaced by 4*7 guns. In October 1906
headquarters were moved to Kirkcaldy.
The distribution of the corps till 1908 was, — 1st
Heavy Battery and No. 7 Company, St Andrews ; No.
2 Company, Tayport; Nos. 3, 5, and 14, Kirkcaldy;
No. 4, Inverkeithing ; No. 6, Burntisland; No. 8, Leven ;
No. 9, Dysart; No. 10, East Wemyss; No. 11, King-
horn; No. 12, Grangemouth; and No. 13, Stirling. Gun
drill and gun practice were carried out with 4 '7-in.,
5-in., and 6-in. Mark VII. B.L. guns at Kinghornness,
and with 6-in. Mark VII. guns at Carlingnose. The
corps had 10 carbine ranges, and held also the Pilmuir
Links range, near St Andrews, conjointly with the
6th Volunteer Battalion, Black Watch.
The lieutenant-colonels commandant have been —
William Maitland M'Dougall of Scotscraig, Admiral, retired,
Eoyal Navy, November 27, 1860.
John N. M'Leod, April 29, 1874.
E. Tod Boothby, late Major Forfar and Kincardine Artillery
Militia, and from 1861 to 1879 Adjutant of the Brigade
(hon. col.), June 28, 1882.
James William Johnston,1 M.V.O., V.D. (hon. col.), November 19,
1892.
Kobert C. Highet, September 30, 1907.
1 Colonel Johnston is one of three volunteer officers who marched past at
the Royal Reviews of 1860, 1881, and 1905, always in the same corps.
i st Lanarkshire Royal Garrison A rtillery. 1 43
1st LANARKSHIRE ROYAL GARRISON
ARTILLERY (VOLUNTEERS).
(Heavy Artillery.)
(Plate V.)
Order of Precedence, 35.
Honorary Colonel— Sir C. W. Cayser, Bart., March 23, 1898.
Headquarters — 8 Newton Terrace, Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow.
The 1st Administrative Brigade Lanarkshire Artillery
Volunteers was formed, with headquarters at Glasgow,
on March 6, 1860, and in it were included, then
or on their subsequent dates of formation, the follow-
ing corps, of one battery each, raised in Glasgow or its
suburbs : —
No.
Local name.
Date of accept-
ance of services.
Date of commis-
sion of officers.
1st
Dec. 30, 1859
Dec 30,
1859.
2nd
Dec. 30, 1859
Dec. 30,
1859.
3rd
Dec. 30, 1859
Dec. 30,
1859.
4th
1st Northern
Dec. 6, 1859
Dec 24,
1859.
5th
2nd Northern
Dec. 27, 1859
Jan. 5,
1860.
6th
3rd Northern
Dec. 27, 1859
Feb. 6,
1860.
7th
1st Eastern, Gallowgate
Jan. 10, 1860
Feb. 13,
1860.
8th
Ironmongers
Jan. 10, 1860
Feb. 2,
1860.
9th
2nd Eastern
Jan. 30, 1860
Feb. 17,
1860.
10th
Calton Artisans
Feb. 16, 1860
Feb. 24,
1860.
11th
Maryhill Artisans
Mar. 5, 1860
Mar. 14,
1860.
12th
Western
May 12, 1860
Aug. 20,
1860.
13th
Hillhead and Dowanhill
July 24, 1860
Aug. 20,
1860.
14th
July 26, 1860
July 4,
1860.
15th
Partick
Nov. 2, 1860
June 20,
1860.
The 4th, 5th, 6th, 10th, and 11th were artisan corps,
the men of which paid 2s. 6d. entry money, and 30s.
for their uniforms, the remaining expenses being de-
144 Records of the Several Corps.
frayed by outside subscriptions, and the first four being
assisted from the Glasgow Central Fund. The 1st
Corps was formed, it is said, at the suggestion of Prince
Albert, made at the opening of the Loch Katrine
Water -works on October 14, 1859, that Glasgow
should form some artillery. Mr John Wilkie, a leading
lawyer of the city, took the matter in hand, and so
many members joined the corps that from the outset
three batteries could be formed, which were numbered
the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd. These were entirely self-
supporting, the honorary members paying £5 each, on
enrolment, to the funds, and the effective members
subscribing 10s. each annually and buying their own
uniform and belts at a cost of £4 a-head. The remain-
ing corps were raised on similar principles.
The original uniform of all the corps was similar to
that of the Royal Artillery, with busbies and white
waist-belts, but with scarlet cuffs and forage caps with
scarlet bands.
In 1862 the brigade was consolidated as the 1st
Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers of fifteen batteries,
which retained their former numbers. Up to 1865 the
only guns on which the batteries were drilled were
32-pounder smooth-bores, but in that year, on December
13, a sixteenth battery was raised, and equipped as
a field-battery with four 6 -pounder field-guns, but no
extra allowances were drawn in consequence. The
17th Battery (garrison) was formed in 1868.
In 1889 two position batteries, each of four 16-
pounder R.M.L. guns and two waggons, were issued to
the corps, and manned by the 'personnel of four garrison
batteries (including the former 16th); and in 1900 the
corps was increased to the personnel for twenty com-
panies, eight more 16-pounder RM.L. batteries were
issued to it, and the whole corps was reorganised into
> D
&* ffl
o&
f-<
Q ^
Z >
ist Lanarkshire Royal Garrison Artillery. 1 45
ten position batteries, numbered 1st to 10th, and divided
into five brigades. The corps, being now composed
entirely of position batteries, was in 1901 styled a
"position artillery corps," and in 1902 "heavy artillery."
With the new issue of equipment in 1900, harness
was only given for three batteries, making five in all,
but in 1905 harness for the remaining five was issued.
In 1907-8 the 16-pounder guns were replaced by 15-
pounder B.L. guns transformed into quick-firers. The
corps was the only one in Scotland composed entirely
of heavy batteries.
The orderly-room, officers' and Serjeants' club, and
headquarters were at 8 Newton Terrace, Sauchiehall
Street, Glasgow, and the corps had five separate drill-
halls in different parts of the city, each with harness-
rooms, gun-sheds, &c, for two batteries, the Maryhill
drill-hall, in addition, accommodating all the ammuni-
tion-waggons not in use in the batteries. For over
thirty years the corps carried out its annual practice
at Irvine, from Bogside Camp, and as a rifle-range it
used that at Darnley belonging to the 1st and 3rd
Lanark V.R.C.
In 1900 the whole corps volunteered its services for
South Africa, but, artillery not being required as such,
they were not accepted. Sixty-two members of the
corps, however, including Lieut. J. C. Clark, served in
various capacities in South Africa during the war.
The lieutenant -colonels commandant of the corps
have been —
Wm. S. S. Crawford, February 7, 1861.
Jas. Keid Stewart, May 12, 1862.
John Kidston (hon. col.), March 10, 1875.
Kobt. J. Bennett, V.D. (hon. col.), September 27, 1890.
Alexr. B. Grant, M.V.O., V.D. (hon. col.), January 2, 1895.
Archibald M'l. Shaw, V.D. (hon. col.), November 16, 1907.
K
146 Records of the Several Corps.
1st AYRSHIRE AND GALLOWAY ROYAL
GARRISON ARTILLERY (VOLUNTEERS).
(Ayr, Wigtown, and Kirkcudbright.)
(Plate V.)
Order op Precedence, 38.
Honorary Colonel — Sir M. J. Stewart, Bart., V.D., December 22, 1888.
Headquarters — Kilmarnock.
The 1st Administrative Brigade Ayrshire Artillery
Volunteers, with headquarters at Irvine, was formed
on December 19, 1860, and to it were attached the
following corps : —
1st Ayrshire A.V., Irvine, formed December 22, 1859, as one
and a half batteries ; reduced to one battery, 1862.
2nd Ayrshire A.V., Ayr, formed January 31, 1860, as one
and a half batteries ; increased to two batteries, 1874.
3rd Ayrshire A.V., Largs, formed March 1, 1860, as one battery.
4th Ayrshire A.V., Ardrossan, formed March 3, 1860, as one
battery.
5th Ayrshire A.V., Kilmarnock, formed July 12, 1860, as one
battery ; increased in 1864 to one and a half batteries.
The original uniform of the 1st and 2nd Ayrshire
was blue tunics with red collars, cuffs, and piping,
edged all round with black braid and with four rows of
the same on the breast, blue trousers with black stripe
with red piping, blue peaked caps with black lace
band, scarlet piping, and silver grenade in front, and a
black waist-belt. That of the other corps is said to
have been the same.
To the brigade were added in 1863 —
1st Kirkcudbright A.V., Kirkcudbright, formed February 2, 1860,
as one battery.
ist Ayrshire and Galloway R.G.A. 147
1st Wigtown A. V., Stranraer, formed February 20, 1860, as one
battery.
2nd Wigtown A.V., Port Patrick, formed February 22, 1860, as
one battery.
And in 1867 the
3rd Wigtown A.V., Sandhead, formed May 4, 1867, as one
battery.
The original uniform of the 1st Wigtown was blue
with scarlet facings, white belts, and silver ornaments.
In 1863 brigade headquarters were moved from
Irvine to Ayr, and in May 1880 the brigade was
consolidated as the 1st Ayrshire and Galloway Artil-
lery Volunteers, with headquarters at Ayr and eleven
batteries, viz. —
No. 1, Irvine (late 1st A.A.V.)
Nos. 2 and 3, Ayr (late 2nd A.A.V.)
No. 4, Largs (late 3rd A.A.V.)
No. 5, Ardrossan (late 4th A.A.V.)
Nos. 6 and 7, Kilmarnock (late 5th A.A.V.)
No. 8, Kirkcudbright (late 1st K.A.V.)
No. 9, Stranraer (late 1st W.A.V.)
No. 10, Port Patrick (late 2nd W.AV.)
No. 11, Sandhead (late 3rd W.AV.)
In 1889 a position battery of 16-pounder R.M.L.
guns was issued to the corps and manned by the two
Kilmarnock batteries, and corps headquarters were
moved to Kilmarnock.
In 1892 the existing position battery took the
number 1, absorbing the 6th and 7th Companies, and
in 1901 two more batteries of 9 -pounder R.M.L. guns
were issued to the corps, which took the numbers 2
and 3 and absorbed the Irvine and Ayr Companies,
and an extra personnel formed as a 6 th Company at
Kilmarnock. The 8th to 11th Companies took the
148 Records of the Several Corps.
numbers 7 to 10. In 1903 47-inch guns replaced the
RM.L. armament of all three heavy batteries. The
formation of the corps till 1908 was in three heavy-
batteries — No. 1 at Kilmarnock, Nos. 2 and 3 at Ayr —
and six garrison companies (Nos. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10 as
above), No. 6 being vacant, and accounted for by extra
personnel in the heavy batteries.
The corps carried out its gun practice at Irvine : it
used the Ayrshire Rifle Association range at Irvine for
the musketry of all but the 7th to 10th Companies,
which had ranges near their own headquarters.
In 1900 over 600 men of this corps volunteered their
services for the war in South Africa, but as artillery-
men were not required they were not accepted.
Twenty-eight members actually served in South Africa
during the war.
The officers commanding the corps have been —
Major Sir E. Hunter-Blair, Bart., May 8, 1861.
Lieut.-Colonel Hon. G. E. Vernon, July 17, 1863.
Lieut.-Colonel Sir E. Hunter-Blair, Bart, (reappointed), September
4, 1866.
(Vacant in 1872 and 1873.)
Lieut.-Colonel John Shand, May 6, 1874.
Lieut.- Colonel Sir Mark J. Stewart, Bart., V.D., February 5, 1879.
Lieut.-Colonel John G. Sturrock, V.D. (hon. col.), December 22,
1888.
Lieut.-Colonel T. E. Stuart, April 5, 1905.
15/ Argyll and Bute R.G.A. 149
1st ARGYLL AND BUTE ROYAL GARRISON
ARTILLERY (VOLUNTEERS).
(Plate V.)
Order op Precedence, 39.
Honorary Colonel— J. D. S. Duke of Argyll, K.T., K.C.M.G., V.D.,
July 18, 1900.
Headquarters — Tarbert, Loch Fyne.
The 1st Administrative Brigade Argyll Artillery-
Volunteers was formed with headquarters at Oban,
on October 10, 1861, and to it were attached,
then or on the date of their subsequent formation,
the following corps of Argyll Artillery Volunteers of
one battery each, except when otherwise stated : —
1st, Easdale, formed March 7, 1860, as two batteries.
2nd, Tarbert, formed April 12, 1860 ; disbanded 1862.
3rd, Oban, formed March 8, 1860.
4th, West Tarbert, formed April 12, 1860. Headquarters moved,
1864, to Dunmore, and, 1866, to Eonachan. Disbanded
1874.
5th, Ardgour, formed January 16, 1861, as one subdivision.
Disbanded in 1865.
6th, Campbeltown, formed February 11, 1861. Increased to two
batteries, 1870.
7th, Port Ellen, Islay, formed July 3, 1861.
8th, South Hall, formed September 10, 1861. Headquarters
changed to Castle Toward, 1878.
9th, Tobermory, Mull, formed May 15, 1862. Reduced to a
half -battery, 1874.
10th, Lochgilphead, formed May 15, 1862.
11th, Tarbert, formed February 13, 1866.
12th, Inveraray, formed April 2, 1867; recruited from men of the
Furnace Quarries.
In 1863 the 1st Bute A.V., headquarters Rothesay,
raised on March 20, 1862, and in 1867 the 2nd Bute
150 Records of the Several Corps.
A. V., headquarters Millport, Cumbrae, raised on
October 5, 1867, each one battery strong, were added
to the brigade.
The original uniforms varied greatly. Colonel F.
Campbell (commanding 1884-1903) writes: "The corps
had their separate uniforms, which were tunics or
Garibaldi shirts ; caps with red, yellow, or white
bands ; belts brown, black, or white. The officers'
dress was even more varied. They joined simply to
encourage the movement, and wore much what they
chose, utilising any old uniform that they might have
worn some time or other, whether cavalry, infantry, or
other. Swords of all patterns, perhaps presentations
to their forefathers before and after Waterloo."
The 3rd Corps had in 1860 blue uniforms with
scarlet facings, white pouch -belts, black waist-belts,
and busbies ; while the 4th Corps wore a jumper and
trousers of blue flannel, and a broad Kilmarnock
bonnet, such as are usually worn by Tarbert fisher-
men, of whom it was mainly composed.
In 1864 brigade headquarters were moved to Loch-
gilphead, and in 1870 to Rothesay.
In May 1880 the brigade was consolidated as the
1st Argyll and Bute Artillery Volunteers, with twelve
and a half batteries, distributed as follows : —
Nos. 1 and 2, Easdale (late 1st Argyll).
No. 3, Oban (late 3rd Argyll).
Nos. 4 and 5, Campbeltown (late 6th Argyll).
No. 6, Port Ellen, Islay (late 7th Argyll).
No. 7, Castle Toward (late 8th Argyll).
No. 8, Eothesay (late 1st Bute).
No. 9, Millport (late 2nd Bute).
No. 10, Lochgilphead (late 10th Argyll).
No. 11, Tarbert (late 11th Argyll).
No. 12, Inveraray (late 12th Argyll).
Half-battery, Tobermory, Mull (late 9th Argyll).
15/ Argyll and Bute R.G.A. 151
In 1887 the 12th Battery at Inveraray was disbanded,
a new 12th being formed in its place at Rothesay,
and in the following year the headquarters of the 8th
Battery were removed from Castle Toward to Dunoon.
During the South African War, 211 men of the 1st
Argyll and Bute volunteered their services, but only
8 were taken for active service.
The corps was one of the most scattered in the king-
dom, for besides the headquarter detachments, No. 6
Company had detachments at Bowmore, Bridgend, and
Ardbeg, and No. 12 one at Kingarth, — thus its men
were spread over fifteen localities in every portion
of the largest and least accessible county in Scotland.
Owing to the varying natures of the occupations of
the men, three-fourths of whom were Gaelic-speaking,
no fewer than three camps had to be formed for train-
ing at different times of the year, and the corps had
to keep up fifteen carbine-ranges. Still, many prizes
have been gained by the corps, both in gun practices
and repository exercises, at the Scottish National
Artillery Association camps, and the King's Cup was
won at Buddon in 1903 by the Easdale companies.
The pipe band consisted of over thirty pipers.
The headquarters of the corps were transferred in
March 1906 to Tarbert, Loch Fyne.
The lieutenant-colonels (commandant since 1866) of
the corps have been —
J. Campbell, C.B., Major-General ; Major, October 10, 1861;
Lieut.-Colonel, July 23, 1863.
J. D. S. Marquis of Lome, K.T., G.C.M.G., July 13, 1866.
Frederick Campbell, late Lieutenant K.A., C.B., V.D. (hon. col.),
March 21, 1884.
John W. Stewart, V.D. (hon. col.), August 1, 1903.
Colin G. P. Campbell, late 2nd Lieutenant Scots Guards, Feb-
ruary 17, 1906.
152 Records of the Several Corps.
1st CAITHNESS ROYAL GARRISON ARTIL-
LERY (VOLUNTEERS).
(Caithness and Sutherland.)
(Plate VI.)
Order op Precedence, 43.
Honorary Colonel — Sir J. R. G. Sinclair, Bart., D.S.O., V.D. (hon. captain
in the army), November 7, 1900.
Headquarters — Thurso.
In 1863 the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Caithness, 1st, 2nd,
3rd, and 4th Orkney, and 1st Ross Artillery Volun-
teer Corps were formed into the 1st Administrative
Brigade Caithness Artillery Volunteers, with head-
quarters at Wick.
The Caithness corps which then, or on their subse-
quent formation, formed part of the brigade were —
1st, Wick, formed March 6, 1860, as one battery; increased to
one and a half batteries in 1867, and to two batteries in
1870.
2nd, Thurso, formed April 24, 1860, as one subdivision ; increased
to one battery on December 28, 1860, and to two batteries
in 1870.
3rd, Lybster, formed September 30, 1861, as one battery; dis-
banded 1873.
4th, Barrogill, Mey, formed December 1, 1866, as one battery.
5th, Castletown, formed December 1, 1866, as one battery.
6th, Thrumster, formed May 4, 1867, as one battery ; disbanded
1878.
The first uniform of the Caithness corps was similar
to that of the Royal Artillery, but with scarlet cuffs
and white cord and piping. Busbies and white belts
were worn. The officers had silver lace, and their
tunics were piped all round with silver cord, and had
silver lace on the skirts.
ist Caithness Royal Garrison Artillery. 153
In 1867 the Orkney and Ross corps were withdrawn
from the brigade, and to it were added the
1st Sutherland A.V., Helmsdale, formed April 26, 1860, which
had since 1863 been attached to the 1st Inverness A.V.
Its uniform was similar to that of the Caithness corps, but
the busbies had chin-chains.
2nd Sutherland A.V., Golspie, formed February 18, 1867. This
was a body of fishermen of wonderful physique. At its
first parade the two flank men were each 6 ft. 6 in. The
uniform was the same as the 1st Sutherland.
In 1880 the brigade was consolidated as the 1st
Caithness Artillery Volunteers, headquarters at Wick,
with eight batteries, viz. : —
Nos. 1 and 2, Wick (late 1st Caithness).
Nos. 3 and 4, Thurso (late 2nd Caithness).
No. 5, Mey (late 4th Caithness).
No. 6, Castletown (late 5th Caithness).
No. 7, Helmsdale (late 1st Sutherland).
No. 8, Golspie (late 2nd Sutherland).
In 1882 headquarters were transferred from Wick
to Thurso. In 1894 the 1st and 2nd Companies ceased
to exist, but in 1897 the 1st was resuscitated, since
when the corps consisted of seven garrison companies,
the 2nd being vacant.
The corps had a drill battery at each station, and
possessed six carbine-ranges.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
Sir Robert S. Sinclair, Bart, of Murkle, October 10, 1864.
G. P. A. Earl of Caithness, June 17, 1882.
George E. Lawson (hon. col.), May 25, 1889.
Sir John R G. Sinclair, Bart, D.S.O., of Dunbeath, July 2, 1892.
Alexander M'Donald, V.D. (hon. col.), May 9, 1900.
David Keith Murray, V.D. (hon. col.), April 5, 1905.
154 Records of the Several Corps.
1st ABERDEENSHIRE ROYAL GARRISON
ARTILLERY (VOLUNTEERS).
(Aberdeen and Kincardine.)
(Plate VI.)
Order of Precedence, 45.
Honorary Colonel — Right Hon. J. C. Earl op Aberdeen, G.C.M.G.,
January 14, 1888.
Headquarters — North Silver Street, Aberdeen.
On October 24, 1860, the 1st Adminstrative Brigade
Aberdeen Artillery Volunteers, with headquarters at
Aberdeen, was formed, and to it, then or subsequently
on date of formation, were attached the following corps
formed in the county : —
1st, Peterhead, formed March 13, 1860, of two batteries, one of
which for a short time bore the number 2nd Aberdeen.
Reduced to one battery in 1864. The uniform was exactly
the same as that of the Eoyal Artillery, with white (silver)
lace (see Plate III.)
3rd, Aberdeen, formed May 2, 1860, as an artisan battery from
the employes of Messrs Thomson, Catto, Buchanan, & Co.,
shipbuilders and ironfounders, who contributed largely to
the funds of the corps. The uniform was that of the Royal
Artillery, but the tunics had four rows of black lace on the
breast, the Austrian knots were scarlet, the caps had scarlet
bands, and the belts were brown.
4th, Aberdeen, formed April 14, 1860, as a citizens' battery, the
members clothing and equipping themselves. The uniform
was blue frockcoats with black braid all round, scarlet
collars, and scarlet Austrian knots, blue trousers with black
stripe edged with scarlet, blue caps with peaks and black
band edged with scarlet, and black belts.
5th, Fraserburgh, formed February 15, 1860, as one battery.
6th, Aberdeen, formed February 9, 1860, as an artisan battery,
from the employes of Messrs Blaikie Bros., shipbuilders
;« g ? <
H <
< 9
Id ,=, „ » "- •
i st Aberdeenshire R. G.A. 1 55
and ironfounders. The uniform was the same as that of
the 3rd Corps, except that the belts were black.
7th, Aberdeen, formed September 23, 1861, as one battery, and
increased to two on July 19, 1865. The uniform was the
same as that of the Royal Artillery, with white (silver)
cord, busbies, and white belts.
In 1863 the following corps, raised in Kincardine-
shire, were added to the brigade : —
1st, Stonehaven, formed January 10, 1860. Headquarters of
, this battery were moved to Cowie early in 1861, and to it
was added in June 1861, as a 2nd Battery, the 5th Kincar-
dine A.V. formed at Cowie on January 29, 1861. The two
batteries were amalgamated in 1875. The 1st Battery origin-
ally wore Eoyal Artillery uniform (with white cord), the 2nd,
being mainly composed of fishermen, a semi-naval dress.
2nd, Johnshaven, formed August 14, 1860, as a subdivision;
increased to a full battery in 1869.
3rd, St Cyrus, formed July 30, 1860, as a subdivision ; increased
to a full battery in 1863.
4th, Bervie, formed October 29, 1860, as a subdivision; increased
to a full battery in 1867.
The uniform of the 7th Aberdeen — namely, R.A.
pattern, with white cord on the tunic, white band on
the forage cap, busbies, and white belts — was adopted
for the whole brigade in 1864, but it was long before
the old patterns ceased to be worn, and only in 1875
that the pouch-belts were discontinued.
In 1874, under authority from the War Office dated
September 4, the 3rd, 4th, 6th, and 7th Aberdeen A.V.
were amalgamated into one corps of five batteries,
designated the 3rd Aberdeen Artillery Volunteers, the
former 3rd forming No. 1, 4th No. 2, 6th No. 3, and
7th Nos. 4 and 5 Batteries. A sixth battery was
raised for this corps in September 1877, and a seventh
was actually formed in 1877-78 but not officially
sanctioned till 1880.
156 Records of the Several Corps.
In 1876 the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Kincardine were
transferred to the 1st Administrative Brigade Forfar
A. V., and the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Banff Corps
were added to the brigade (see 1st Banff It. G. A. V.)
The brigade as then constituted was consolidated in
May 1880, under War Office authority of May 10, as
the 1st Aberdeenshire Artillery Volunteers, with head-
quarters at Aberdeen, and fourteen batteries as follows : —
No. 1, Peterhead (late 1st Aberdeen A.V.)
Nos. 2 to 7, Aberdeen (late 3rd Aberdeen A.V.)
No. 8, Fraserburgh (late 5th Aberdeen A.V.)
Nos. 9 to 13, in Banffshire (late 1st to 5th Banff AV.)
No. 14, Cowie (late 1st Kincardine A.V.)
At the end of 1880 the 14th Battery at Cowie ceased
to exist, and a new 14th was formed at Aberdeen out
of the 7th Battery, late 3rd A.A.V., mentioned above.
1882 brought another change in the composition of
the corps, for by War Office authority of May 10, the
1st, 8th, and 9th to 13th Batteries were transferred
to the newly-formed 1st Banffshire Artillery Volunteers
(which see), and the batteries representing the former
2nd, 3rd, and 4th Kincardine were re-transferred back
to the 1st Aberdeenshire, in which the 10 batteries
were then renumbered as follows : —
Nos. 1 to 7, Aberdeen (the former 2nd to 7th and 14th Batteries).
No 8, Johnshaven (former 2nd Kincardine A.V.)
No. 9, St Cyrus (former 3rd Kincardine A.V.)
No. 10, Bervie (former 4th Kincardine A.V.)
In 1885 a new battery was raised in the University
of Aberdeen which took the number 8, the 8th, 9th,
and 10th becoming the 9th, 10th, and 11th respectively,
and in December 1886 a new battery was formed at
Stonehaven which was numbered the 12th.
On January 17, 1889, a position battery of 40-pounder
15/ Aberdeenshire R.G.A. 157
R.B.L. guns was issued to the corps and manned by the
5th and 8th Batteries, and on November 1, 1892, these
two were amalgamated as the 1st Position Battery, the
other Aberdeen garrison companies being numbered
2nd to 7th, Johnshaven the 8th, St Cyrus the 9th,
Bervie the 10th, and Stonehaven the 11th Company.
In 1893 the Johnshaven and St Cyrus companies
were amalgamated as the 8 th, and the 10th and
11th became the 9th and 10th Companies.
On April 1, 1901, a second position battery of 40-
pounders was issued to the corps, and a new 'personnel
was raised for it. It took the number 2, the 2nd Com-
pany became the 8th, and the 8th, 9th, and 10th the
9th, 10th, and 11th. In 1902 both position batteries
were rearmed with 4*7 -in. guns, and were termed
" heavy" batteries.
Thus the latter-day composition of the corps, and
the connection of the batteries and companies with
the original corps, after these somewhat kaleidoscopic
changes, were —
1st Heavy Battery, Aberdeen, original 2nd Battery of 7th Aber-
deen and University Battery.
2nd Heavy Battery, Aberdeen, newly raised 1901.
3rd Garrison Company, Aberdeen, original 4th Aberdeen A.V.
(Citizens).
4th Garrison Company, Aberdeen, original 6th Aberdeen A.V.
(Artisans).
5th Garrison Company, Aberdeen, original 1st Battery of 7th
Aberdeen A.V.
6th Garrison Company, Aberdeen, raised in 1877.
7th Garrison Company, Aberdeen, raised in 1880.
8th Garrison Company, Aberdeen, original 3rd Aberdeen A.V.
(Artisans).
9th Garrison Company, Johnshaven, original 2nd and 3rd Kin-
cardine A.V.
10th Garrison Company, Bervie, original 4th Kincardine A.V.
11th Garrison Company, Stonehaven, re-raised 1886.
158 Records of the Several Corps.
During the South African war 13 men belonging to
the corps served with various units in the field.
The corps headquarters in North Silver Street,
Aberdeen, were erected in 1899 at a cost of upwards
of £7000, and contained a drill-hall in which 5-in. and
6-in. guns were mounted for the training of the garrison
companies, which carried out their practice from the
Torry Point Battery, which had been rearmed with mod-
ern guns. The headquarters' batteries and companies
used for their musketry the Seaton Links Rifle Range
belonging to the 1st V.B. Gordon Highlanders, and the
companies at outstations had carbine-ranges and drill
batteries near their headquarters. The corps carried
out its annual training and practice for the heavy
batteries and garrison companies in camp at Buddon.
In 1903 the 1st Aberdeen won the "Playfair" Cup
for the smartest corps in camp, and in 1904 the garrison
companies won the King's Cup at the Scottish National
Artillery Association's camp at Buddon.
The lieutenant-colonels (commandant since May 1880)
of the corps have been —
Wm. Cosmo Gordon of Fyvie, late Captain Madras Artillery,
May 21, 1862.
Francis W. Garden-Campbell, transferred in 1876 from the 1st
Adminstrative Brigade, Banff A.V., Lieut. - Colonel Com-
mandant, 1st A.A.V., December 23, 1879 (retransferred to
1st Banff A.V., 1882).
Thomas A. W. A. Youngson, Lieut. - Colonel, March 3, 1880
Lieut.-Colonel Commandant, October 5, 1882.
James Ogston, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, October 26, 1887
Lieut.-Colonel Commandant, June 24, 1893.
Geo. Milne, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, May 15, 1901
Lieut.-Colonel Commandant, October 8, 1904.
15/ Berwick Royal Garrison Artillery. 159
1st BERWICK ROYAL GARRISON ARTILLERY
(VOLUNTEERS).
(Plate VI.)
Order op Precedence, 46.
Headquarters — Eyemouth.
This corps was formed at Eyemouth on April 6, 1860,
as one battery, and from 1864 was attached to the
1st Edinburgh (City) Artillery Volunteers.
A 2nd Berwick Artillery Volunteers, also of the
strength of one battery, was formed at Coldingham
in 1861, and was also attached to the 1st Edinburgh
from 1864 until its disbandment in 1883.
The corps had a drill-battery and headquarters at
Eyemouth and a rifle - range at Linkum, two miles
from Eyemouth.
The captains commanding the 1st Berwick A.V.
have been —
J. K. L'Amy, April 6, 1860 ; J. Gibson, February 1861 (vacant
1862 to 1867); P. Tod, November 14, 1867 (vacant 1876
to 1880) ; John Johnston, March 30, 1881 ; A. Johnston,
January 9, 1889 ; D. Hume, February 1, 1898 ; G. J. Gibson,
February 21, 1903; and Chas. M. Alexander, March 16,
1907.
160 Records of the Several Corps.
THE HIGHLAND EOYAL GARRISON
ARTILLERY (VOLUNTEERS).
(Inverness, Cromarty, Nairn, Ross, and Elgin.)
(Plate VII.)
Order op Precedence, 47.
Honorary Colonel — W. Fraser, V.D., January 2, 1901.
Headquarters — Inverness.
The first Artillery corps formed in the city of Inver-
ness had its origin in a company of " Artisan Rifles,"
which was raised in consequence of a meeting held
in the Trades' Hall on November 15, 1859. It was
subsequently decided that this corps should become
" Artisan Artillery Volunteers," and as such its
services were accepted in January 1860 as the 1st
Inverness Artillery Volunteers, of two batteries, the
officers' commissions being dated February 4, 1860.
So popular was the artillery arm in Inverness that
on May 1, 1860, these batteries were doubled, the
officers for the new 3rd and 4th Batteries being
gazetted on June 23, 1860. In December 1864 a
fifth, and in January 1865 a sixth, battery was added
to the corps. The original uniform of the 1st Inver-
ness A.V. was blue tunics with long skirts, scarlet
collars and cuffs, black braid all round, five rows of
black lace on the breast and black Austrian knot,
blue trousers with scarlet stripe, a blue peaked cap with
black band and scarlet piping, and a black waist-belt.
Busbies were adopted in 1861, and in 1863 the uniform
was assimilated to that of the Royal Artillery with
white cord, white waist- and pouch-belts being also
worn.
In 1863 the 1st Sutherland A.V. was attached to
£ & ~
°i o
The Highland Royal Garrison Artillery. 161
the 1st Inverness, but was transferred to the 1st
Administrative Brigade, Caithness A.V., in 1867.
In 1863, also, the 1st Cromarty and the 1st Nairn
Artillery Volunteers were attached to the 1st Inver-
ness. The former, a corps of one battery, with head-
quarters at Cromarty, had been formed on June 8,
1860. The 1st Nairn had been raised at Nairn on
April 10, 1860, as one battery, but had been increased
to two batteries on October 6, 1860. The original
uniform was similar to that of the Royal Artillery, but
with scarlet cuffs and white cord, and the head-dress
was a peaked cap similar to that of the 1st Inverness,
with an upright white horse-hair plume.
In December 1876 the 1st Inverness, 1st Cromarty,
1st Nairn, 1st and 2nd Elgin, and 1st and 2nd Ross
Artillery Volunteers were formed into the 1st Adminis-
trative Brigade, Inverness-shire Artillery Volunteers,
with headquarters at Inverness, the whole numbering
thirteen batteries. The 1st Elgin, of one battery, had
been formed at Lossiemouth on March 26, 1860, and
the 2nd, also of one battery, at Burghhead, on October
16, 1872. These had been attached hitherto to the
1st Administrative Brigade, Banff A. V. The 1st Ross
had been raised at Stornoway, as a corps of one battery,
on April 13, 1860, and was in 1863 attached to the 1st
Administrative Brigade, Caithness A.V. The 2nd Ross
(Loch Carron) was formed on August 21, 1866, as one
battery, and in 1867 the 1st and 2nd Ross had been
formed into the 1st Administrative Brigade, Ross-shire
A.V, which lasted till the above-mentioned reorganisa-
tion in 1876.
In May 1880 the brigade was consolidated as the 1st
Inverness-shire Artillery Volunteers, with headquarters
at Inverness, and thirteen batteries, but in 1882 the
Lossiemouth (late 1st Elgin) battery was transferred to
1 62 Records of the Several Corps.
the 1st Banff Artillery Volunteers, reducing the number
of batteries to twelve, thus distributed —
Nos. 1 to 6, Inverness (late 1st Inverness).
No. 7, Burghhead (late 2nd Elgin).
No. 8, Cromarty (late 1st Cromarty).
No. 9, Stornoway (late 1st Boss).
No. 10, Loch Carron (late 2d Ross).
Nos. 11 and 12, Nairn (late 1st Nairn).
Since 1867 the 1st Inverness had had two 6-pounder
brass field-guns, which were horsed by the corps when
required, and in 1873 these were replaced by two
40-pounder Armstrong B.L. guns. No Government
allowances were made for the horsing of these guns.
In 1889 a position battery of 16 -pounders was issued to
the corps under the usual conditions, and was manned
by the 1st and 2d Batteries ; in 1892 these two were
amalgamated to form the 1st Position Battery (since
1902 1st Heavy Battery) at Inverness, and the 3rd to
12th garrison companies took the numbers 2 to 11 in
their proper order, which was the formation of the
corps till 1908 — viz., one heavy battery and ten garrison
companies.
In 1890, by General Order 45 of February 1, the
corps received the title of "The Highland Artillery
Volunteers," in substitution for that hitherto borne.
The corps had spacious headquarters, with drill-hall,
stores, gun-sheds, &c, at Inverness. It carried out its
training and gun practice from camp, and for its musk-
etry used the range of the 1st V.B. Cameron Highlanders
at Longman, near Inverness, and five carbine-ranges at
the headquarters of outlying companies. In 1894 the
1st Position Battery won the Queen's Cup at the Scot-
tish National Artillery Association's Camp at Buddon.
In 1900, 500 of the corps volunteered for South
ist Orkney Royal Garrison Artillery. 163
Africa, but only 28 were taken for active service
during the war.
The commanding officers have been —
Of 1st Inverness A.V. —
Major William Fraser Tytler of Ardrurie and Balnain, June 23,
1860 ; Lieut-Colonel, January 24, 1865.
Lieut-Colonel Eneas W. Mackintosh of Kaigmore, November 13,
1869.
Of 1st Administrative Brigade, Inverness A.V., and later 1st
Inverness and Highland A.V. —
Lieut-Colonel Commandant Eneas W. Mackintosh of Baigmore,
December 1, 1876.
Lieut.-Colonel Commandant Donald Davidson, January 14, 1880.
Lieut.-Colonel Commandant W. Fraser, V.D. (hon. col.), Nov-
ember 14, 1885.
Lieut-Colonel Commandant James E. B. Baillie, M.V.O., V.D.,
of Dochfour (hon. col.), July 25, 1894.
1st oekney royal garrison artillery
(volunteers).
(Plate VII.)
Ohder op Precedence, 54.
Headquarters — Kirkwall.
The 1st Administrative Brigade, Orkney Artillery-
Volunteers, was formed on August 15, 1867, with head-
quarters at Kirkwall, and to it were attached, then or
on subsequent date of formation, the following corps
of Orkney Artillery Volunteers, of one battery each,
except when otherwise stated : —
1st, Kirkwall, formed May 1, 1860.
2nd, Scar House, Sanday, formed June 23, 1863.
164 Records of the Several Corps.
3rd, Balfour, Shapinshay, formed July 10, 1863.
4th, Stromness, formed June 23, 1863.
5th, Stronsay, formed August 17, 1865.
6th, Holm, formed November 28, 1866.
7th, Firth, formed October 31, 1868 as a half battery. Disbanded
in 1877.
8th, Evie, formed June 25, 1870.
9th, Eousay, formed December 1 3, 1874.
10th, Birsay, formed March 2, 1878.
The 1st to 6th Corps had since 1863, or date of for-
mation, been attached to the 1st Administrative Brig-
ade, Caithness A.V.
In March 1880 the brigade was consolidated as the
1st Orkney Artillery Volunteers, with headquarters at
Kirkwall, and nine batteries, numbered in the above
sequence, the 8th, 9th, and 10th Corps becoming the
7th, 8th, and 9th Batteries respectively. In 1886 the
headquarters of the 8th (Rousay) Battery were trans-
ferred to Kirkwall, so that the latter-day constitution
of the corps in nine companies was —
Nos. 1 and 8, Kirkwall (former 1st and 9th O.A.V.)
No. 2, Sanday (former 2d O.A.V.)
No. 3, Shapinshay (former 3rd O.A.V.)
No. 4, Stromness (former 4th O.A.V.)
No. 5, Stronsay (former 5th O.A.V.)
No. 6, Holm (former 6th O.AV.)
No. 7, Evie (former 9th O.A.V.)
No. 9, Birsay (former 10th O.A.V.)
The original uniform of the 1st Orkney A.V. was
frock-coats with blue cuffs and collars and five rows of
black lace on the breast, the men having scarlet and
the officers silver piping on the collar and Austrian
knots on the sleeves, blue trousers with red stripes,
blue peaked caps with black bands and scarlet piping,
with the Royal Arms in front, and white belts. The
ist Orkney Royal Garrison Artillery. 165
uniform of this corps was assimilated in 1863 to that of
the Royal Artillery, which the other corps adopted from
the outset.
The corps had erected commodious headquarters at
Kirkwall, with drill-hall, stores, lecture and recreation
rooms, officers' mess, &c, and had provided at each of
its seven outstations a drill-hall with an armoury and a
four-room cottage for the serjeant-instructor — all these
the property of the corps and free from debt. There
was a practice battery at each station, that at Kirkwall
being of four and the others of two guns. These were,
however, only armed with 64-pounder KM.L. guns,
and the principal practice was carried out in camp with
modern ordnance. Each of the eight practice batteries
had a carbine-range in its immediate vicinity.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
David Balfour, August 15, 1867 (became honorary colonel March
20, 1872, reappointed lieut.-colonel, December 7, 1872).
Fred W. Burroughs, C.B., Brevet- Colonel (half pay), late 93rd
Foot, November 1, 1873.
J. W. Balfour, V.D., late Captain 7th D.G., October 9, 1880.
G. F. F. Horwood, late Captain 2nd Foot (hon. col.), March 27,
1895.
Richard Bailey, late Captain B.A., and formerly Adjutant of the
corps (hon. col.), January 19, 1898.
Thomas S. Peace, V.D. (hon. col.), March 28, 1906.
1 66 Records of the Several Corps.
KOYAL ENGINEER VOLUNTEERS.
1st LANARKSHIRE ROYAL ENGINEERS
(VOLUNTEERS).
(Plate VIII.)
Order of Precedence, 2.
Honorary Colonel — General H. H. Viscount Kitchener of Khartoum,
G.C.B., O.M., G.C.M.G., Colonel-Commandant E.E., December 21, 1898.
Headquarters — 21 Jardine Street, Glasgow.
As already noted on page 31, the first meeting with a
view to the formation of a Volunteer Engineer corps
in Scotland was held in Glasgow on November 28, 1859,
when a number of civil engineers, architects, surveyors,
&c, agreed to offer their services as a "Military
Engineer Volunteer Corps." The services of this
company were accepted on February 27, but the com-
missions of its officers to the 1st Lanark Volunteer
Engineers were dated February 11, 1860. From the
overflow of this company and from artisans a second was
shortly formed, the services of which, as the 2nd Lanark
Volunteer Engineers, was accepted on May 9, 1860, the
officers being gazetted on May 16. A third company,
the 3rd Lanark, was formed on April 28, 1862, with
headquarters at Cadder Hill, its services having been
accepted in April 4, 1862, the men being mainly
recruited in Kirkintilloch.
The original uniform of the 1st and 2nd Lanark E.V.
was closely modelled upon that of the Royal Engineers,
h <i
ist Lanarkshire Royal Engineers. 167
white cord (silver lace) being substituted for yellow
(gold), and the belts being of white patent leather ; but
while the 1st Company wore the busby with Garter
blue bag and white plume, the 2nd wore scarlet shakos
with a drooping white horse -hair plume. The 3rd
adopted the same uniform as the 1st.
On July 30, 1861, the War Office had accepted the
services of the 97th Lanark Rifle Volunteers, a four-
company corps, formed of men of exceptional physique,
and termed locally the " Glasgow Guards " (see
Appendix C). The officers of this corps, the com-
mandant of which was Major A. K. Murray, were
gazetted on September 3, 1861, and the uniform was
scarlet tunics with blue collars and cuffs, blue trousers
with red piping, brown fur caps with a scarlet hackle
on the right side, the cap being in the form of a
Guards' bearskin, and white belts.
On May 19, 1863, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Lanark
Engineers and the 97th Rifles were amalgamated as
the 1st Lanarkshire Engineer Volunteers, of six com-
panies, with headquarters at 115 West Campbell Street,
Glasgow, the drill and practice ground being on the
river Kelvin, above the bridge on the Great Western
Road. The newly formed battalion adopted the
uniform hitherto worn by the 1st Lanark E.V., and
continued to wear it until 1876, when busbies of a new
shape, with upright white horse-hair plumes in front and
blue cord lace (the latter for officers only) were adopted,
in conformation with the Royal Engineers. In 1878
the white Austrian knots on the sleeves of the tunics
and the white band on the forage caps were changed
to Garter blue in accordance with regulations, but in
1883 were similarly changed back to white, helmets
being also taken into wear in the latter year.
In 1883 the establishment of the corps was increased
1 68 Records of the Several Corps.
to 8 companies, and in 1885 a 9th (Submarine Mining)
Company was raised for the Clyde submarine defences.
A second submarine mining company was formed in
1888, but in the same year the bulk of both was
detached to form the " Clyde Division " of Submarine
Miners as an independent corps (see Clyde Division,
Electrical E.V.), and in their place a new 9th (Kail-
way) Company was formed. By Army Order 73 of
March 1888, the title of the corps was changed to
the " 1st Lanarkshire Engineer Volunteers, Fortress
and Railway Forces, Royal Engineers," and shortly
afterwards headquarters were removed to 4 Albany
Place, Glasgow, as a temporary measure pending the
building of the more commodious headquarters at
21 Jardine Street, Kelvinside, which were occupied in
1894. The 9th (Railway) Company was disbanded
in 1889, and in its place a new 9th Company was
raised in Springburn.
On the call being made for special service sections
for the war in South Africa, the 1st Lanarkshire ful-
filled all requirements, and sent out two sections of the
established strength to be attached to the 9 th Field
Company, Royal Engineers, the first being commanded
by Captain (hon. major) J. Lang, and the second by
Lieutenant J. H. Fleming. In all, 99 members of the
corps served in various capacities during the war in
South Africa.
In May 1900 the establishment of the corps was
raised to twelve fortress companies, and in 1901 the
title borne till 1908 was conferred upon the corps.
The headquarters of the corps comprised, besides a
drill-hall, stores, &c, a practice ground on the bank
of the Kelvin where bridging could be practised, and for
its musketry it held, conjointly with the 1st and 2nd
V.B.H.L.I., a range up to 1000 yards at Dechmont,
\st Edinburgh Engineer Volunteers. 169
nine miles from Glasgow. The 1st Lanarkshire R.E.V.
attained to some fame as a shooting corps, and in 1889
Serjeant Beid won the Queen's Prize at the National
Rifle Association Meeting.
The lieutenant - colonels commanding (since 1900
commandant) have been —
Eonald Johnstone, June 18, 1863.
Sir Donald Matheson, K.C.B., V.D., Colonel, November 25, 1865.
Herbert D. Eobinson, V.D. (hon. col.), March 18, 1893.
Wm. E. Broadfoot, V.D. (hon. col.), April 18, 1896.
Ewing E. Crawford, V.D. (hon. col.), February 3, 1897.
Duncan Campbell, V.D. (hon. col.), November 29, 1899 ; (lieut.-
colonel commandant) April 25, 1900.
J. Smith Park, M.V.O., V.D. (hon. col.) (lieut. - colonel com-
mandant), May 28, 1904.
1st EDINBURGH (CITY) ENGINEER
VOLUNTEERS.
This corps, which in order of procedure in the
Engineer Volunteer force ranked immediately after
the Lanarkshire Corps, was raised in Edinburgh, from
the same classes as the Glasgow Engineer Corps, as a
half-company on July 3, 1860, and on September 20
its establishment was increased to that of a full
company. Its uniform was the same as that of the
Royal Engineers, but with white (silver) cord, and
instead of the busby it wore scarlet caps with peaks
and green ball-tufts, with a badge of a lion rampant
within a wreath. On the white patent-leather pouch-
belts was a badge of a fortification.
The first commanding officer was Captain J. Millar
170 • Records of the Several Corps.
(September 20, 1861), but he resigned in 1862, and
the establishment of the corps was reduced then to a
half-company, which was attached to the 1st Lanark
E.V. The command was exercised thenceforward by
First-Lieutenant G. Cunningham until 1865, when the
corps was disbanded.
1st ABERDEENSHIRE ROYAL ENGINEERS
(VOLUNTEERS).
(Plate IX.)
Order of Precedence, 20.
Honorary Colonel — Sir A. H. Grant, Bart, of Monymusk, August 2, 1890.
Headquarters — Hardgate, Aberdeen.
The formation of the 1st Aberdeenshire Engineer
Volunteers, a corps with an establishment of one
company, was sanctioned on April 22, 1878, and the
first officers were gazetted on June 29. For purposes
of the capitation grant the corps was attached to the
1st Lanarkshire Engineer Volunteers. The uniform
was that of the Royal Engineers, with helmets, the
Austrian knot on the sleeve and band of the forage
caps being Garter blue, but in 1883 these were
changed to white.
On March 2, 1880, the corps was increased to two,
and in 1883 to four, companies. In 1884 it was con-
stituted an independent unit, no longer attached to
the 1st Lanark, and in 1888 it was increased to
six companies, all of them in the city of Aberdeen.
In the latter year (Army Order 73 of March) its
title was changed to "1st Aberdeenshire Engineer
ist Aberdeenshire Royal Engineers. 171
Volunteers, Fortress and B,ailway Forces, Royal
Engineers " ; and this nomenclature remained in force
till 1901, when the title at the head of this record
was assumed.
During the South African war the corps furnished
two service sections, both of which were attached to
the 47th (Fortress) Company, Boyal Engineers. The
1st, consisting of 25 men under Lieutenant R. A.
Duthie, left Aberdeen on March 4, 1900, the 2nd,
also of 25 men, leaving on March 11, 1901. For
their services with their sections Lieutenant Duthie,
Serjeant J. Craig, Corporal W. Beveridge, and 2nd
Corporal J. Stewart were mentioned in despatches.
In all, 62 members of the corps served during the
war in South Africa.
The corps had its headquarters in Hardgate,
Aberdeen, which were specially erected for it, and
first occupied in 1898, and a practice and drill ground
in Torry of about 5 acres; its rifle-range was at
Don Mouth, 2 \ miles from Aberdeen. The training
was carried out in camp, at various places, and several
times the whole corps trained at the School of Military
Engineering, Chatham.
The commanding officers have been —
Captain William Hall, September 28, 1878 (Major, May 9, 1883 ;
Lieut. -Colonel, August 4, 1888).
Lieut.-Colonel Robert H. Anstice (Major (retired pay), late
Border Regiment), C.B. (hon. col.), January 28, 1891.
Lieut.-Colonel William S. Gill, V.D. (hon. col.), May 28, 1904.
172 Records of the Several Corps.
2nd LANAEKSHIEE EOYAL ENGINEEE
(VOLUNTEEES).
(Plate IX.)
Order op Precedence, 23.
Honorary Colonel — Col. A. C. Lord Belhaven and Stenton (retired pay),
August 1, 1903.
Headquarters — Coatbridge.
The formation of this corps was sanctioned on June 19,
1903, its commanding officer being gazetted on that
date, and the remainder of the officers on August 1.
The establishment was fixed at nine companies, with
headquarters : A, B, and C, Coatbridge ; D and E,
Airdrie; F, Eutherglen ; G, Motherwell; H, Bells-
hill ; and K, Shettleston ; and it is on record that
within ten days of the date of sanction the corps
was recruited up to over its establishment. Its
recruiting district was practically that of the former
5th Volunteer Battalion Scottish Eifles, which was
disbanded in 1897, and since then had supplied no
volunteers. The men were drawn principally from
the artisan class, and about one-fifth were miners.
The uniform was the service dress of the Eoyal
Engineers (with red piping on the trousers and scarlet
patch on the sleeve), drab felt hats, brown leather
equipment, and grey putties. The officers wore the
undress E.E. pattern caps and frock-coats.
The corps had a rifle range of its own up to 600
yards at Plains, near Airdrie, and the F to K Com-
panies used the range of the 4th Volunteer Battalion
Scottish Eifles.
The first commanding officer was —
Lieut.-Colonel Andrew Pearson, June 19, 1903.
The Clyde Division Electrical Engineers. 173
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, ROYAL ENGINEERS
(VOLUNTEERS).
THE CLYDE DIVISION.
Order of Precedence, 4.
Honorary Commandant — Colonel E. D. Malcolm, C.B., RE. (retired pay),
May 29, 1901.
Headquarters — Greenock.
The Division had its origin in the 9th (Submarine
Mining) Company, 1st Lanarkshire Engineer Volunteers,
which was formed in 1885 to take charge of the sub-
marine mining defences of the Clyde. In 1888 a second
Submarine Mining Company was raised in the same
corps, and on 1st February 1888 the two companies
were formed into a separate corps, the "Clyde Division,
Engineer Volunteers, Submarine Miners, Royal En-
gineers," and adopted the same uniforms as the regular
submarine miners, with white cord on the tunic. The
headquarters, stores, practice-ground, &c, were at Fort
Matilda, Greenock.
In 1892 the establishment was increased to three,
and in 1900 to four, companies. In 1901 the corps
received the designation " Clyde Division, Submarine
Miners, Royal Engineers (Volunteers)," and in 1903 its
establishment was reduced to three companies.
In consequence of the abolition of submarine mines
in all defended ports, by Army Order 130 of June
1907 the submarine miner volunteers were reduced to
the numbers necessary to work the electric lights of
1 74 Records of the Several Corps.
the gun defences, and accordingly the Clyde Division
became "Electrical Engineers, Royal Engineers (Vol-
unteers)," and was reduced to an establishment of one
company of four officers and seventy other ranks.
The commanding officers of the division have been —
Major A. K Black, February 1, 1888.
Major W. W. B. Eodger, July 11, 1894.
Major Duncan F. D. Neill, December 22, 1897, Lieut. - Colonel
(hon. col.), April 1, 1903.
THE FORTH DIVISION.
Order of Precedence, 6.
Headquarters — 14a Queen Street, Edinburgh.
The Division was raised, with an establishment of two
companies, at Leith, on March 31, 1888. Like the
Clyde Division, it was increased to three companies in
1892 and to four in 1900; but was reduced to three
again in 1903 and to one in 1907, undergoing also all
the changes in designation detailed for the Clyde
Division.
Its first headquarters were on board H.M.S Dido, off
Leith, which was used as a storeship, &c. ; but in 1905
a new practice -ground, with store-sheds, pier, &c, was
completed at North Queensferry, and the headquarters
were removed to Edinburgh.
The commanding officers have been —
Captain F. Grant-Ogilvie, March 31, 1888.
Major Theodore Salvesen, December 12, 1900, Lieut.-Colonel,
April 1, 1903.
Lieut-Colonel Hill M. Cadell, V.D. (hon. col.), January 28, 1905
(till 1906).
Captain Stephen Smith (hon. major), Captain, June 6, 1900.
The Tay Division, Submarine Miners. 175
THE TAY DIVISION, SUBMARINE MINERS,
R.E. (VOLUNTEERS).
This Division was raised, with an establishment of one
company and headquarters at Broughty Ferry, on March
17, 1888. In 1889, 1892, and 1900 it was increased
successively to two, three, and four companies ; but it
was reduced to three in 1903, and finally disbanded on
November 2, 1907. In changes of designation it fol-
lowed the same sequence as the Clyde and Forth
Divisions.
Its honorary colonel was A. FitzG. Lord Kinnaird,
appointed October 10, 1903, and the commanding
officers were —
Major William H. Fergusson, March 17, 1888, Lieut.-Colonel,
April 1, 1903.
Lieut.-Colonel Frederick S. Stephens, May 28, 1904 (till Novem-
ber 2, 1907).
176 Records of the Several Corps.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS OF TERRITORIAL
REGIMENTS.
NOTE.
The volunteer battalions of infantry are arranged in the follow-
ing pages, not in the order of their precedence in the volunteer
force, but in that of the Territorial Regiments to which they were
affiliated, the number in the " Table of Precedence of Volunteer
Rifle Corps " being given in the case of each.
To facilitate the identification at later dates of rifle corps
raised in the early years in four counties — Aberdeen, Forfar,
Lanark, and Renfrew — in which three or more battalions of rifle
volunteers were formed, lists of these corps have been compiled,
with the dates of the first commissions of their officers, and,
where available, those of the acceptance of services of the corps,
and these will be found in Appendices A to D. In the separate
records of those battalions, to avoid repetition, these dates have,
therefore, not been inserted.
The Queen's Rifle Volunteer Brigade. 177
THE QUEEN'S RIFLE VOLUNTEER BRIGADE,
THE ROYAL SCOTS (LOTHIAN REGIMENT).
Regimental District No. 1.
(Plate X.)
1 South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence, 78.
Honorary Colonels —
The Lord Provost op Edinburgh for the time being.
Field-Marshal Rt. Hon. G. J. Viscount Wolseley, K.P., G.C.B., O.M.,
G.C.M.G., V.D., April 24, 1889.
Colonel Rt. Hon. Sir J. H. A Macdonald, KGB., V.D., June 5, 1901.
Headquarters— Forrest Road, Edinburgh.
The circumstances attending the first formation of
this, the premier corps of rifle volunteers in Scotland,
have been already narrated in Part I., on page 13, and
a graphic description of the enthusiasm in drill evinced
by the corps in those days, from the pen of Colonel
Sir J. H. A. Macdonald, has been quoted on page 12.
The City of Edinburgh adopted from the first the
system of grouping the companies of riflemen raised by
the efforts of individuals or corporations into one regi-
ment for the city, consequently all the officers were
gazetted, not to companies as elsewhere, but to the 1st
City of Edinburgh Rifle Volunteer Corps, and the
earliest dates of these commissions, for officers of the
regimental staff, the 1st to 9th, and the 1st Highland
companies, was August 31, 1859. This did not, how-
ever, prevent the companies from retaining, and from
long maintaining, a peculiar individuality, and had
the advantage of producing from the beginning a regi-
178 Records of the Several Corps.
mental esprit de corps and a solidity of organisation
which was necessarily wanting in units composed of
companies grouped only by circumstances or chance.
The companies which were formed before the date
(August 7) of the Eoyal Review of 1860, and which
took part in it, were —
No. 1. Advocates, formed August 31, 1859.
No. 2. 1st Citizens, formed August 31, 1859.
No. 3. Writers to the Signet, formed August 31, 1859.
No. 4. Edinburgh University, formed August 31, 1859.
No. 5. Solicitors before the Supreme Court, formed August 31,
1859.
No. 6. Accountants, formed August 31, 1859.
All the above were self-supporting companies — i.e., the
members paid for their own uniforms, equipment, and arms,
and contributed a fixed sum annually towards the general
expenses of the company.
No. 7. Bankers, formed August 31, 1859, from the clerks and
employes of the various banks, which subscribed to provide
uniforms, equipments, and arms for them.
No. 8. 1st Artisans, formed August 31, 1859.
No. 9. 2nd Artisans, formed August 31, 1859.
These were the first artisan companies raised in Scot-
land. The men paid 30s. in the 8th and 45s. in the
9th, by instalments, for their uniform, and the rest of
the expenses of the companies was defrayed by public
subscription.
No. 10. Civil Service, formed October 7, 1859, a self-supporting
company.
No. 11. 3rd Artisans, formed December 7, 1859, same as 8th and
9th.
No. 12. Freemasons, formed December 7, 1859. This company
also formed the "Bifle Lodge, No. 405," but it soon
dwindled in numbers and had almost ceased to exist when
in 1861 Miss Catherine Sinclair announced her intention to
provide funds for a Volunteer company. No. 12 was then
reorganised and recruited chiefly from the Water of Leith
district.
The Queen's Rifle Volunteer Brigade. 179
No. 13. 4th Artisans, formed December 7, 1859, same as 8th.
No. 14. 2nd Citizens, formed December 8, 1859, a self-support-
ing company.
No. 15. 1st Merchants, formed December 21, 1859. Uniformed,
equipped, and armed at the expense of members of the
Merchant Company, of which two firms — Messrs Cowan &
Co., and Messrs C. Lawson & Sons — paid all the expenses
of forty of their employes.
No. 16. Total Abstainers, formed February 29, 1860. Raised by
Mr John Hope, W.S., from members of the British Temper-
ance League. The company maintained its individuality
till 1867, when the 3rd Edinburgh R.V. (see 4th Vol. Batt.
Eoyal Scots) was formed and the majority of the members
transferred themselves to it. The company property, how-
ever, remained with it, and the 16th was re-constituted as
an artisan company.
No. 17. 2nd Merchants, formed May 11, 1860, from the overflow
of No. 15.
No. 18. High Constables, formed May 25, 1860, a self-supporting
corps.
No. 19. 5th Artisans, formed November 8, 1860, mainly from
operative tailors. Several houses in the clothing trade
subscribed £30, and the rest of the funds was found by
the members themselves. After 1873 it was recruited
from all trades.
1st Highland, formed August 31, 1859, the services of the com-
pany having been offered by the Highland Society of Edin-
burgh on June 13, 1859. The company was entirely self-
supporting.
2nd Highland, formed May 18, 1860, from the overflow of the
1st, and also entirely self-supporting.
From the beginning the corps was organised in two
battalions, and at the Royal Review on August 7,
1860, these were composed of: 1st Battalion, Nos. 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 18, and 1st Highland; 2nd Bat-
talion, Nos. 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 2nd
Highland.
The 3rd Highland Company was formed of artisans
180 Records of the Several Corps.
on July 23, 1860, but was not able to take part in the
review.
On May 3, 1862, a company of Highland artisans
was formed, mainly from the employe's of Messrs W. D.
Young's ironworks at Fountainbridge, and, contrary to
the practice hitherto followed in the city of Edinburgh,
it was constituted as a separate corps, designated the
2nd City of Edinburgh R.V., and was only " attached "
to the 1st Edinburgh. On February 23, 1867, two
more companies were formed for this corps, but on that
same date all three were incorporated in the 1st Edin-
burgh as the 4th, 5th, and 6th Highland Companies.
The original uniform of the corps (except the High-
land companies) was dark grey tunics, of a shade a
little lighter than that later worn, with black braid,
reaching almost to the knees, dark grey trousers with
black braid, dark grey caps with black braid and a
straight peak, and black patent leather belts, a badge
(different for each company) being worn on the cap and
pouch-belt. About 1862 a shako with a black ball-tuft
replaced the cap, the tunic was assimilated in pattern
to that of the Rifle Brigade, and piping replaced the
braid on the trousers. The Highland companies wore
dark grey doublets, with five rows of black lace on the
breast and black piping, 42nd tartan kilts and belted
plaids, goatskin sporrans with two grey horse -hair
tails, green and black-diced hose, and belts as for the
other companies. The 1st had a " Strathdon " and the
3rd a " Balmoral " bonnet, but the others adopted a
plain blue glengarry, which afterwards became the
head-dress for all the Highland companies.
In 1865 the corps was honoured by the conferring of
the title "1st Queen's City of Edinburgh Rifle Volun-
teer Brigade," and in 1867 its establishment was fixed
at 2500 volunteers of all ranks, divided into two
The Queen 's Rifle Volunteer Brigade. 181
battalions, or twenty-five companies. In 1868 the 1st
(Advocates) and 3rd (Writers to the Signet) Com-
panies ceased to exist, and to take their place two new
companies were raised, — the 7th Highland, mainly
formed from natives of Caithness resident in Edin-
burgh, on December 27, 1867, and the 20th, on March
19, 1869. The battalions were then reorganised, the
1st comprising Nos. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 18, and the 1st to
7th Highland Companies, and the 2nd, Nos. 8, 9, 11,
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, and 20.
In January 1875 a busby with black plume and chin-
chain replaced the shako, and was worn by the brigade
until in 1895 it was replaced by the modern (soft) form
of busby of Astrakhan fur. The pouch - belt was
abolished, greatcoats, worn rolled en bandouliere over
the right shoulder, were issued, the cut of the tunic
was assimilated again to that of the Rifle Brigade, and
leggings were introduced. Orders were issued in the
same year for the Highland companies to be clothed
the same as the rest of the brigade, and this change
was carried out in the years 1876-79.
A beginning was made in 1886 with the formation of
a mounted infantry detachment, one man per company,
or 25 all ranks, formed into a section, being in that year
authorised.
By Army Order 144 of April 1888 the brigade was
given the title of Queen's Rifle Volunteer Brigade, The
Royal Scots, and at the same time it was divided into
three battalions, the companies now giving up their old
titles and numbers and becoming lettered companies of
the battalions as follows : —
CSerny } A B C D E F G H I
1st Battalion 2nd 5th 6th 7th 10th 18th 1st Hd. 2nd Hd. 3rd Hd.
2nd Battalion 8th 9th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th
3rd Battalion 4th 17th 19th 20th 4th Hd. 5th Hd. 6th Hd. 7th Hd.
1 82 Records of the Several Corps.
The South African War brought a large accession of
numbers to the brigade, for not only was it recruited up
to its full establishment, but in 1900 a new company-
was formed at Colin ton as " IM Company, 3rd Batta-
lion, a cyclist company attached to brigade head-
quarters was raised, and the mounted infantry were
increased to three sections, or 105 all ranks. The
brigade furnished its full contingent to the volunteer
service companies of the Royal Scots, and in all 245
members served in South Africa during the war. Of
these, Lieutenant R. G. W. Adams and 54 non-com-
missioned officers and men served with the 1st, Captain
S. R. Dunn and 34 men with the 2nd, and Captain
(hon. Major) S. Miller and 26 men with the 3rd
Volunteer Service Company, Royal Scots. Of the 2nd
Company, Corporal W. Spence died of disease and one
private was wounded, and of the 3rd Major Miller and
Private A. Blease were mentioned in despatches, the
latter being promoted corporal for gallantry at Balmoral
on April 5, 1902. Lieutenant R. W. D. Hewson and
13 privates served with the Scottish Volunteer Cyclist
Company, and 12 members of the mounted infantry
joined the City of London Imperial Volunteers Mounted
Infantry, of whom 8 subsequently received commissions
in the regular army and 1 in the Imperial Light
Horse.
In the years 1900-01 a drab felt hat was worn with
the dark grey uniform, but in 1902 this was prohibited,
and a drab service dress with light green Austrian knot
and trouser piping was authorised for marching and drill
order, to be worn with a drab felt hat (with black
plume and badge for mounted infantry, for whom it
was the sole head-dress). The mounted infantry wore
Bedford cord breeches and black putties.
The brigade was detailed to furnish one battalion to
The Queen's Rifle Volunteer Brigade. 183
the 32nd Field Army Brigade, to train for thirteen
clear days annually, and this it did from 1902 to 1906,
after which year this extra organisation ceased. The
remainder of the brigade was included in the 1st
Lothian Brigade.
The headquarters of the brigade in Forrest Road,
which included a spacious drill hall, were acquired
in 1872, and enlarged and reopened in 1905, and it
shared, in common with the other Edinburgh corps,
the rifle range up to 1100 yards at Hunter's Bog.
Members of the brigade have won the Queen's (King's)
prize at the National Bifle Association no fewer than
four times — namely, in 1873, Serjeant (afterwards
Major) A. Menzies ; 1891, Lieutenant D. Dear; 1896,
Lieutenant J. C. Thomson ; and 1901, Private H.
Ommundsen.
The battalion commanders and lieutenant-colonels
commandant (a title now borne by the senior battalion
commander) of the brigade have been —
The Kt. Hon. James, Lord Moncrieff, Lieut. -Colonel, August 31,
1859; Lieut. -Colonel Commandant, August 31, 1859, till
1873.
David Davidson, C.B., V.D., late major H.M. Indian Forces,
Lieut.-Colonel, May 2, 1860 ; Lieut.-Colonel Commandant,
June 4, 1873, till 1882.
Sir Alex. G. Maitland, Bt., Lieut.-Colonel, November 7, 1862, till
1864
Kt. Hon. Sir John Hay Athol Macdonald, Lord Kingsburgh,
K.C.B., V.D., colonel, Volunteer force, Lieut.-Colonel, May
10, 1864; Lieut-Colonel Commandant, May 11, 1882, till
1892.
E. Strathearn Gordon, Lieut.-Colonel, November 29, 1867, till
1873.
Hon. Bouverie F. Primrose, Lieut.-Colonel, June 4, 1873, till
1882.
David MacGibbon, Lieut.-Colonel, May 11, 1882, till 1886.
184 Records of the Several Corps.
William Taylor (hon. col.), July 29, 1882, till 1890.
Thomas W. Jones, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut. -Colonel, April 11,
1885; Lieut. - Colonel Commandant, April 9, 1892, till
1894.
Eobert Menzies, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, May 12, 1886 ;
Lieut-Colonel Commandant, June 23, 1894, till 1898.
Horatio R. Macrae, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, February 22,
1890; Lieut.-Colonel Commandant, February 3, 1898, till
1903.
Sir Eobert Cranston, Kt., K.C.V.O., V.D., colonel, Volunteer
force, Lieut.-Colonel, April 9, 1892 ; Lieut.-Colonel Com-
mandant, December 3, 1903, till 1906.
James B. Sutherland, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel 3rd Batt.,
August 15, 1894, till 1896.
L. Bilton, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel 3rd Batt., February 5,
1896, till 1900.
G. W. Young, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel 1st Batt., January
4, 1899, till 1901.
James Gibb, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel 3rd Batt., March 14,
1900 ; Lieut.-Colonel Commandant, June 1, 1906, till March
31, 1908.
Alexander T. Hunter, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel 1st Batt.,
March 9, 1901, till 1906.
Eobert Clark, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel 2nd Batt., February
16, 1904, till March 31, 1908.
A. Young, V.D., Lieut.-Colonel 1st Batt., June 3, 1906, till March
31, 1908.
Afth Volunteer Battalion the Royal Scots. 185
4th VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE ROYAL
SCOTS (LOTHIAN REGIMENT).
Regimental District, No. 1.
(Plate XI.)
"South Africa, 1901-02." | Order op Precedence, 79.
Honorary Colonel— General H. H. Viscount Kitchener of Khartoum,
G.C.B., O.M., G.C.M.G., August 19, 1905.
Headquarters— 33 Gilmore Place, Edinburgh.
The 3rd City of Edinburgh Rifle Volunteer Corps was
formed, as a corps of total abstainers, members of the
British League, on May 27, 1867, by Captain John
Hope, who had raised and commanded the 16th
(Abstainers) Company of the Queen's Edinburgh. It
consisted at first of two companies only, but was
increased to three in 1868, to four in 1872, and to six
companies in 1877. The original uniform was scarlet
tunics with blue facings, blue trousers with a broad
scarlet stripe, blue shakos with at first a red-and- white
ball-tuft and later a scarlet upright horse-hair plume,
and white belts. The corps for many years wore brass
buttons and ornaments. To the corps was attached the
British League Cadet Corps, formed in 1861, which
consisted of four companies of boys, dressed in red
Garibaldi shirts, blue forage-cap and knickerbockers,
and brown canvas leggings.
In 1880 the corps was renumbered the 2nd Edinburgh
Rifle Volunteers, and two years later it was constituted
an independent unit, having till then been " attached "
to the Queen's Edinburgh. In 1882 also, helmets
replaced the shakos hitherto worn.
By Army Order 144 of 1st April 1888 it became
the 4th Volunteer Battalion Royal Scots, and accord-
ingly in that year adopted the uniform of the regiment,
1 86 Records of the Several Corps.
wearing the helmet with it till 1904, when the Kil-
marnock bonnet was introduced for officers and the
glengarry became the sole head-dress for other ranks.
The uniform of the battalion has thus since 1888 been
identical with that of the 5th V.B. (which see), and, as
in it, the officers wore Hunting Stuart tartan trews in
levee and mess dress only.
The battalion furnished in all 64 members for service
in South Africa during the war, of whom 1 5 men served
in the 1st, 12 in the 2nd, and 19 in the 3rd Volunteer
Service Company of the Royal Scots. No casualties
occurred among these contingents, but Drummer R
Robertson of the 3rd Company was mentioned in des-
patches (June 1, 1902), and promoted corporal for
gallantry at Balmoral on April 5, 1902. Lieutenant
W. B. Grey and 3 men served in the Scottish Volun-
teer Cyclist Company. The establishment of the bat-
talion was in 1900 increased to eight companies, the
new "G" Company being raised in Portobello, and
" H " formed by students of the Church of Scotland
Teachers' Training College.
From 1902 to 1906 the battalion belonged to the
32nd Field Army Brigade, and trained with it in camp
for thirteen clear days annually, but in the end of 1906
this brigading was discontinued, and the battalion re-
verted to the 1st Lothian Brigade. Its musketry was
carried out at the Hunter's Bog range, which it used
in conjunction with other Edinburgh corps.
The commanding officers have been —
Captain John Hope (Captain 1st Edinburgh R.V., February 29,
1860), May 27, 1867; Major, March 30, 1872; Lieut.-Colonel,
March 2, 1878.
Lieut-Colonel Will. U. Martin, V.D. (hon. col.), June 27, 1883.
Lieut-Colonel Stuart D. Elliot, V.D. (hon. col.), December 20, 1899.
Lieut-Colonel George McCrae, V.D. (hon. col.), January 28, 1905.
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$tk Volunteer Battalion the Royal Scots. 1 87
5th VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE ROYAL
SCOTS (LOTHIAN REGIMENT).
Regimental District, No. 1.
(Plate XII.)
" South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 141.
Honorary Colonel— R. C. Maclagan, V.D. (hon. col.), August 20, 1892.
Headquarters — Dalmeny Street, Leith Walk, Leith.
On August 6, 1859, the services of 153 gentlemen of
Leith were offered to form two rifle companies which
should pay all their own expenses and provide their
own arms, and this offer was followed by that of two
companies of Leith artisans, who paid a contribution of
30s. each, the rest of their expenses being defrayed by
public subscription. These were accepted, and on De-
cember 6, 1859, officers were gazetted to the 1st Mid-
Lothian (Leith) Rifle Volunteer Corps, of four companies.
A brass band of 1 8 men was formed ; a fifth company
was added on May 28, 1860 ; a sixth on September 24,
1860 ; a seventh on March 18, 1861 ; and an eighth on
May 28, 1861 — all recruited in Leith. The original
uniform of the corps was very dark grey tunic, trousers,
and peaked cap, with black facings, leggings, and belts,
but, to save expense, members were permitted to wear
a plain blouse and trousers of any material, so long as
the colour of the uniform was adhered to. The badge
on the cap and pouch-belt was a lion rampant within
a wreath.
In 1863 the 4th Mid-Lothian (Corstorphine) Rifle
Volunteer Corps, which had been formed on November
26, 1860, and since then "attached" to the corps, was
amalgamated with it as a 9th company, and in 1866
and 1868 a 10th and 11th companies were raised.
1 88 Records of the Several Corps.
The uniform was in 1863 changed to scarlet tunics
with black facings, blue trousers with scarlet piping,
blue shakos with black horse- hair plumes, and black
waist- and pouch -belts. This uniform was worn until
1878, when blue helmets with silver ornaments replaced
the shakos, and in 1885 white (buff) belts with com-
plete valise equipment, greatcoat, &c, were substituted
for the black belts.
The establishment of the battalion was in 1884 re-
duced to ten companies, and in 1888 (Army Order 144
of April) it assumed its latest designation, as a con-
sequence of which in 1890 it adopted the uniform of
the Royal Scots, the helmet continuing to be worn till
June 1905, when Kilmarnock bonnets with diced band
and cock's-tail for officers, and glengarries with diced
border for other ranks, became the head-dress. The
battalion till 1908 wore the tartan first approved for
the Royal Scots, officers only wearing in levee or mess
dress the Hunting Stuart. The officers wore white
pouch -belts till 1905, when they were replaced by
claymore belts and sashes, which latter were worn by
Serjeants also. A drab service dress was approved
in 1905.
During the South African War the battalion furnished
196 of its members for service, besides 94 who enlisted
into the regular army. Of the former, Captain R.
Wemyss Campbell and 19 men served with the 1st,
41 men with the 2nd, and 49 men with the 3rd Volun-
teer Service Company of the Royal Scots. Of the 1st
Company, 2 men died of disease, and Captain Campbell
and Corporal T. H. Greig were mentioned in Lord
Roberts' despatch of September 4, 1901, the latter
being awarded a medal for distinguished conduct in
the field. Of the 2nd Company, 2 men were wounded,
and of the 3rd, Private J. G. Lockhart was mentioned
$tk Volunteer Battalion the Royal Scots. 189
in Lord Kitchener's despatch of June 1, 1902, and pro-
moted corporal for gallantry at Balmoral on April 5,
1902. In addition, 32 non-commissioned officers and
men (of whom 1 was wounded) served in the Scottish
Volunteer Cyclist Company, 25 joined the Imperial
Yeomanry, 10 Baden-Powell's Police, and 19 the Scot-
tish Horse.
In 1900 the establishment of the battalion was again
raised to eleven companies, but in 1901 it was reorgan-
ised into ten, of which one was a cyclist company.
The battalion formed part of the 32 nd Field Army
Brigade during its existence from 1902 to 1906,
training in camp for thirteen days annually, and in
1906 its signallers made a record by securing 298
points at the examination out of a possible 300.
In 1877 a headquarters and drill-hall in Stead's
Place, Leith, which had been built at a cost of over
£3000, were occupied, but these were burned down in
1900, and in 1902 new headquarters and drill-hall in
Dalmeny Street, Leith Walk, were opened. The bat-
talion had its own range, up to 1000 yards, at Seafield,
near Leith.
The commanding officers have been —
H. H. Arnaud, late H.E.I.C.S., Major, December 6, 1859.
Donald E. Macgregor, Major, July 27, 1861 ; Lieut.-Colonel,
March 15, 1862.
Wm. Marjoribanks (hon. col), Lieut.-Colonel, March 28, 1877.
Eobt. C. Maclagan (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, May 3, 1882.
Robt. S. Adam (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, December 7, 1889.
Wm. I. Macadam, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, June 18, 1892.
Jas. E. Bertram, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, December 16,
1896.
Johan T. Salvesen, V.D. (hon. col), Lieut.-Colonel, January 2,
1901.
Sir John M. Clark, Bart, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, February
11, 1905.
190 Records of the Several Corps.
6th VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE ROYAL
SCOTS (LOTHIAN REGIMENT).
Regimental District, No. 1.
(Plate XIII.)
" South Africa, 1901." | Order of Precedence, 142.
Honorary Colonel — Sir G. D. Clerk, Bart., V.D. (hon. col.), late Lieutenant
2nd Life Guards, February 4, 1899.
Headquarters — Peebles.
On January 22, 1862, the 1st Administrative Battalion
Mid-Lothian Rifle Volunteers, with headquarters at
Dalkeith, was formed from the following corps : —
2nd Mid-Lothian E.V., Dalkeith, formed May 22, 1860, of two
companies, increased to three in 1864, and to four in 1867.
Its original uniform was medium grey with green facings
and piping, grey shakos with plume of cock's feathers and
badge of a huntsman blowing a horn, and motto, " Free for
a blast," and brown belts.
3rd Mid-Lothian E.V., Penicuik, services accepted May 22, 1860,
and officers gazetted June 4, 1860, of three companies — 1st
at Penicuik, 2nd at Valleyfield, 3rd at Eoslin, which last
was disbanded in 1864. The uniform was the same as the
2nd Corps, but with black patent-leather belts.
5th Mid-Lothian E.V., Musselburgh, formed April 19, 1861, of
one company.
To this battalion were added in 1863 —
1st Peebles E.V., Peebles, formed as one company, August 31,
1860, increased to two companies 1873.
2nd Peebles E.V., Broughton, formed as one company, August 31,
1860, disbanded 1873.
3rd Peebles E.V., Innerleithen, formed as one company, August
31, 1860.
- 1 1
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6th Volunteer Battalion the Royal Scots. 191
There had also existed a 4th Peebles R.V., of one
company, formed at Linton on October 16, 1860, but it
had been disbanded in 1862. The uniform of all the
Peebles corps was Elcho grey, with brown belts, the
1st having light blue facings.
In 1864 the battalion adopted scarlet tunics with
black facings, blue trousers with scarlet piping, blue
shakos with scarlet ball-tuft, and black belts, the forage
cap being round, without a peak, and with red, white,
and blue diced border. This uniform continued to be
worn till 1875, when white belts replaced the black,
and a black Austrian knot the white braid on the cuff.
Officers wore white pouch-belts and the lace of the line
infantry in silver.
In 1876 (April 29) the 6th Mid-Lothian R.V., at
Loanhead, of one company, was raised and added to the
battalion, and in April 1880 the battalion was consoli-
dated as the 2nd Mid-Lothian and Peebles Rifle Volun-
teers, headquarters at Penicuik, with eleven companies,
lettered as follows : A, B, C, and D, Dalkeith (late 2nd
Mid-Lothian) ; E, Penicuik, and F, Valleyfield (late 3rd
Mid-Lothian) ; G, Musselburgh (late 5th Mid-Lothian) ;
H, Loanhead (late 6th Mid-Lothian) ; I and K, Peebles
(late 1st Peebles) ; and L, Innerleithen (late 3rd Peebles).
At the same time the shako was abolished, and a glen-
garry with red, white, and blue diced border adopted
as the sole head-dress, which was worn until 1886, when
blue helmets with silver ornaments were introduced.
In April 1888 (Army Order 144) the battalion be-
came the 6th Volunteer Battalion of the Royal Scots,
and accordingly in that year the uniform of the Royal
Scots was adopted, the helmet being worn with it until
1900, when the glengarry again became the sole head-
dress. In February 1904 the Hunting Stuart tartan
trews of the Royal Scots were taken into wear, sashes
192 Records of the Several Corps.
were introduced for officers and Serjeants, and the
former adopted the Kilmarnock bonnet with cock's-tail
for review order dress.
The battalion furnished in all 36 members for service
in South Africa during the war, of whom 13 non-com-
missioned officers and men served in the 1st, Lieutenant
A. G. Ireland and 7 men in the 2nd, and 2 men in the
3rd Volunteer Service Company of the Royal Scots. Of
the 2nd Company, Private T. Dickson died of disease.
One private served in the Scottish Volunteer Cyclist
Company, and the remainder in other corps.
About 1895 the headquarters of " D" Company were
removed from Dalkeith to Bonnyrigg, and in February
1907 battalion headquarters were removed to Peebles,
otherwise the battalion experienced no changes in in-
terior organisation after 1880. It owned eight rifle-
ranges near the headquarters of the various companies.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
Alex. Learmonth, late Lieut. -Colonel 17th Lancers, December 23,
1863.
Sir George D. Clerk, Bart., V.D. (hon. col.), late Lieutenant 2nd
Life Guards, July 2, 1879.
Robert G. Wardlaw-Ramsay, V.D. (hon. col.), late Captain H.L.I.,
January 18, 1899.
Thomas Rough, V.D. (hon. col.), November 22, 1905.
*]tk Volunteer Battalion the Royal Scots. 193
7th VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE ROYAL
SCOTS (LOTHIAN REGIMENT).
Regimental District, No. 1.
(Plate XIV.)
" South Africa, 1901." | Order op Precedence, 190.
Honorary Colonel — H. R. Lord Elcho, August 28, 1906.
Headquarters — Haddington.
The 1st Administrative Battalion Haddingtonshire
Rifle Volunteers, with headquarters at Haddington,
was formed on August 19, 1860, and included the
following corps formed in the county: —
1st, Haddington, formed January 19, 1860, of one company, a
self-supporting corps, providing its own arms.
2nd, Gifford, formed January 20, 1860, of one company, composed
of agricultural labourers, principally from Lord Tweeddale's
estates. It was disbanded in 1874.
3rd, Haddington, formed January 21, 1860, of one company,
chiefly mechanics and artisans, and supported by local
subscriptions.
4th, Aberlady, formed March 17, 1860, of one company, raised
from Lord Wemyss's estates, and mainly supported by his
subscription.
5th, East Linton, formed April 7, 1860, of one company.
6th, Dunglass, formed August 27, 1861, as one subdivision, the
headquarters of which were transferred in 1873 to West
Barns, near Dunbar.
7th, North Berwick, formed November 25, 1869, of one company.
The county of Haddington raised a general subscrip-
tion to provide for the necessities of the battalion, and
to this fund over £1000 was subscribed in the first two
years of its existence.
The first uniform of the Haddington corps was Elcho
grey, without facings, and brown belts; but about
194 Records of the Several Corps.
1861, grey tunics with magenta cuffs and collars, with
a black Austrian knot, grey trousers with a magenta
stripe, and grey shakos with a magenta ball- tuft and
badge of goat and thistle, were substituted for the
former plainer uniform. In February 1864 the bat-
talion adopted the rifle-green uniform with scarlet
cuffs, collars, and piping, shakos with a black ball-
tuft, and black belts of the 60th Rifles, and this con-
tinued to be worn until 1878, when the cuffs were
changed, according to regulation, to dark green with
red piping, black lace, and a light green Austrian knot.
In April 1880 the battalion was consolidated as
the 1st Haddingtonshire Rifle Volunteers, with head-
quarters at Haddington, and six companies lettered :
A and B, Haddington (late 1st and 3rd Corps) ; C,
Aberlady (late 4th Corps) ; D, East Linton (late 5th
Corps) ; E, West Barns (late 6th Corps) ; and F, North
Berwick (late 7th Corps). The " E " Company had only
the strength of a half- company, so in January 1881
a new "E" Company was formed at Tranent with a
section at Prestonpans, the West Barns detachment
being transferred to "D" Company at East Linton.
In 1880, also, the shakos were replaced by helmets
with a bronze Maltese cross as ornament, and these
again were replaced in 1895 by Astrakhan fur busbies
with red-and-black plumes, serges being also supplied
to the battalion as undress in the same year.
In April 1888, by Army Order 144, the title of 7th
Volunteer Battalion The Royal Scots was conferred
upon the battalion; but it was not till January 1904
that the dress of the Royal Scots was assumed by it,
and then only in the shape of the drab service doublet,
worn with Hunting Stuart tartan trews, glengarries
with red, white, and blue diced border, and brown
leather equipment, the pipers wearing the white jacket,
*]th Volunteer Battalion the Royal Scots. 195
kilt, and shoulder plaid, and the drummers the scarlet
doublet.
During the war in South Africa 30 members of the
battalion saw active service, of whom Lieut. T. F. M.
Williamson and 18 non-commissioned officers and men
served with the 1st, 8 men with the 2nd, and 3 men
with the 3rd Volunteer Service Company of the Royal
Scots, and one man with the Scottish Volunteer Cyclist
Company. Private D. Lambert of the 1st Service
Company died of disease, and Colour- Serjeant H. Gray
was mentioned in Lord Roberts' despatch of September
4, 1901.
In April 1906 the section of " E " Company at
Prestonpans had so greatly increased in numbers that
it was formed into a separate company and lettered
" C," the detachment (formerly " C " Company) at
Aberlady being added as a section to "A" Company.
The battalion thenceforward was organised in six com-
panies, viz. : A, Haddington, with a section at Aber-
lady ; B, Haddington ; C, Prestonpans ; D, East Linton,
with a section at West Barns ; E, Tranent ; and F,
North Berwick. There was a rifle-range close to the
headquarters of each company.
The commanding officers have been —
Sir George Warrender, Bart., late Captain 92nd Foot and Cold-
stream Guards, of Lochend and Bruntsfield ; Major, Septem-
ber 19, 1860 ; Lieut-Colonel, December 22, 1868.
Jas. W. H. Anderson, Lieut-Colonel, June 1, 1872.
Alex. Scott, Lieut-Colonel, June 25, 1879.
P. Dods (hon. col.), late Lieut-Colonel Bombay Staff Corps, Lieut-
Colonel, May 31, 1882.
W. Guild, Lieut-Colonel, September 5, 1894.
John D. Watson, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut-Colonel, May 1, 1898.
Bobert Maxwell Main, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut-Colonel, February
20, 1904.
196 Records of the Several Corps.
8th VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE ROYAL
SCOTS (LOTHIAN REGIMENT).
Regimental District, No. 1.
(Plate XIV.)
"South Africa, 1901-02." | Order op Precedence, 216.
Honorary Colonel — Rt. Hon. A. P. Earl op Rosebery, K.G., K.T., V.D.,
April 18, 1874.
Headquarters — Linlithgow.
The 1st Administrative Battalion Linlithgowshire
Rifle Volunteers was formed on October 8, 1862, with
headquarters at Linlithgow, and included the following
corps, of one company each, raised in the county : —
1st, Linlithgow, raised March 19, 1860. Uniform — dark grey
without facings and with scarlet piping, dark grey cap
with ball-tuft, and brown belts with silver ornaments.
2nd, Bo'ness, raised March 19, 1860. Uniform — dark grey with
scarlet facings, dark grey cap with ball -tuft, and brown
belts with silver ornaments. Increased to one and a half
companies in 1866.
3rd, Bathgate, raised April 25, 1860. Uniform as for 2nd Corps.
Headquarters changed to Torphichen, 1864.
4th, Bathgate, raised August 9, 1862, mainly from the employes
of Young's Chemical Works. Uniform as for 2nd Corps.
On May 18, 1863, the battalion adopted a rifle uni-
form of green with scarlet facings, and shakos, the same
as that worn by the Haddington Battalion 1864 to 1878
(see 7th Volunteer Battalion), with which, however, the
brown belts continued to be worn. The shakos were
replaced by rifle busbies, with black-and-red plumes
and bugle in front, on April 25, 1872.
On March 18, 1872, a 5th Corps, of one company,
was formed at Uphall, and on April 17, 1878, a 6th,
of one and a half companies, at West Calder.
Stk Volunteer Battalion the Royal Scots. 197
On March 24, 1876, the lower part of the busby
plume was changed to light green, and the cuffs of
the tunic became rifle green, ornamented only by a
light green Austrian knot.
In March 1880 the battalion was consolidated as
the 1st Linlithgow Rifle Volunteers, headquarters at
Linlithgow, with seven companies, lettered as follows :
A, Linlithgow (late 1st Corps) ; B, Bo'ness (late 2nd) ;
C, Torphichen (1881 Armadale) (late 3rd) ; D, Bathgate
(late 4th); E, Uphall (late 5th); F, Addiewell (late
half of the 6th) ; G, West Calder (late 6th).
In 1888, by Army Order 144 of April, the corps
became the 8 th Volunteer Battalion The Royal Scots,
and in 1890 the Slade- Wallace equipment, with black
belts, was adopted by the battalion. About the same
time, the rifle serge with red piping on the collar and
red crow's-foot on the cuff replaced the tunic, and the
lower part of the busby plume was changed from green
to red.
During the war in South Africa, 36 members of the
battalion, including Captain M. W. Henderson and
Lieut. P. W. Steuart, saw active service, principally
with the Volunteer Service Companies of the Royal
Scots. Captain Henderson commanded the 1st, and
Lieut. Steuart served with the 2nd Volunteer Service
Company, and of the latter Lance- Corporal A. William-
son and Private W. Earle died of disease.
As did other corps, the 8th V.B. increased its
establishment during the war, an " H " Company
being formed at South Queensferry and " IM at Kirk-
liston, the headquarters of " F " Company being at the
same time (March 1900) transferred to Fauldhouse ;
but in 1906 "H" Company was disbanded again, and
"I" relettered "H." In January 1903 authority was
given for a drab service dress of Scottish pattern with
198 Records of the Several Corps.
red piping on the trousers, and glengarries with the
Royal Scots badge and diced border, to be worn as
the sole uniform of the battalion, along with buff belts
and black leggings.
The distribution of the battalion in 1908 was —
A Company, Linlithgow.
B Company, Bo'ness.
C Company, Armadale.
D Company, Bathgate.
E Company, Uphall.
F Company, Fauldhouse.
G Company, West Calder.
H Company, Kirkliston.
The battalion had seven separate rifle-ranges.
The commanding officers have been —
E. H. J. Stewart, Major, October 21, 1862.
Andrew Gillon (hon. col.), Major, April 16, 1866 ; Lieut. -Colonel,
April 28, 1870.
O. F. Melville, Lieut.-Colonel, June 17, 1888.
Thomas Hope of Bridge Castle, late Captain Bombay Staff Corps
(hon. col.), Lieut-Colonel, June 9, 1897.
Charles Chalmers, V.D., Lieut.-Colonel, July 11, 1903.
9th VOLUNTEER BATTALION (HIGHLANDERS)
THE ROYAL SCOTS (LOTHIAN REGIMENT).
Regimental District, No. 1.
(Plate XI.)
"South Africa, 1901-02." | Order op Precedence, 80.
Honorary Colonel — General Sir I. S. Hamilton, K.C.B., D.S.O.,
August 31, 1901.
Headquarters — 7 Wemyss Place, Edinburgh.
This battalion was raised in Edinburgh during the
war in South Africa, its first commanding officer
being gazetted on July 24, 1900. It was the out-
come of the yearning of the Highlanders in Edinburgh
gth Volunteer Battalion the Royal Scots. 199
to see a kilted battalion of volunteers recruited from
the capital. The Queen's Edinburgh Rifle Volunteer
Brigade had formerly included seven kilted companies
in its ranks, but in 1875 these had been ordered to be
clothed in the dress of the remaining companies of the
Brigade (q.v.), and had by the subsequent reorganisa-
tion of the Brigade lost entirely their distinctively High-
land character. The new battalion, which was formed
at an establishment of eight companies, was at first
designated " The Highland Battalion, Queen's Rifle
Volunteer Brigade Royal Scots," but in 1901 it was
constituted an independent unit as the 9th Volunteer
Battalion of the Royal Scots.
The uniform, as approved on July 24, 1900, con-
sisted of a scarlet doublet with blue facings, Hunting
Stuart tartan kilts and belted plaids, white horse-
hair sporrans with two black tails, red - and - black
diced hose, white spats, glengarries with red, white,
and blue diced borders (feather bonnets with white
hackle for officers), and white belts, service drab
doublets being also authorised.
Young as the battalion was, 43 of its members
found an opportunity of serving in South Africa
during the war, of whom 22 men served in the
2nd and Lieutenant J. C. C. Broun and 2 men in
the 3rd Volunteer Service Company of the Royal
Scots, and 18 men in the Imperial Yeomanry. From
1902 to 1906 the battalion was included in the
31st Field Army Brigade, and trained accordingly
for thirteen days annually during these years. It
used the Hunter's Bog range for its musketry.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
James Ferguson, V.D. (hon. col), July 24, 1900.
James Clark, December 17, 1904.
200 Records of the Several Corps.
8th (SCOTTISH) VOLUNTEER BATTALION,
THE KING'S (LIVERPOOL REGIMENT).
Regimental District, No. 8.
(Plate XI.)
"South Africa, 1902."
Honorary Colonel — Right Hon. D. A. Lord Strathcona and
Mount Royal, G.C.M.G., February 12, 1902.
Headquarters — Fraser Street, Liverpool.
The battalion was raised in Liverpool during the
South African War, and was composed of Scotsmen
resident in that city. Its first officers were gazetted
on October 4, 1900, and the establishment of the
battalion was fixed at eight companies. The uniform
consisted of drab cloth doublets with scarlet collars,
cuffs, and piping, and silver buttons, Forbes tartan
kilts, grey sporrans with two black tails, red - and-
black diced hose, drab spats, belted plaids, glengarries
with red, white, and blue diced border and blackcock's
tail, and brown belts and equipment.
During the war the Liverpool Scottish contributed
a section, consisting of Lieutenant J. Watson and 22
men, to the 4th Volunteer Service Company of the
Gordon Highlanders (see 1st V.B. Gordon High-
landers).
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
C. Forbes Bell, V.D. (hon. col.), October 10, 1900.
Andrew L. Macfie, V.D. (hon. col.), July 26, 1902.
ist Vol. Bat. the Royal Scots Fusiliers. 201
1st VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE ROYAL
SCOTS FUSILIERS.
Regimental District, No. 21.
(Plate XV.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedekce, 192.
Honorary Colonel — R. M. McKerrell, V.D. (hon. col.), April 23, 1904.
Headquarters — Kilmarnock.
On August 27, 1860, the 1st Administrative Battalion
Ayrshire Rifle Volunteers was formed out of the 1st
to 9th Corps, and to it were added in 1860 the 10th
and 11th, in 1861 the 12th and 13th, and in 1862
the 14th Corps. The battalion having become incon-
veniently large, in March 1873 it was split up into
two — the South Ayrshire corps forming the 1st Ad-
ministrative Battalion, with headquarters at Ayr ;
the North Ayrshire the 2nd, with headquarters at
Kilmarnock.
The corps comprising the 2nd Battalion were the
1st, Kilmarnock, formed January 14, 1860, as one company.
Uniform — medium grey edged with black braid, black
piping on trousers, and black patent leather belts.
2nd, Irvine, formed December 27, 1859, as one company. Uni-
form— medium grey with green facings and black braid,
brown belts, bugle and thistle badge on cap, and arms of
Scotland on the pouch-belt.
4th, Largs, formed February 27, 1860, as one company.
6th, Beith, formed February 15, 1860, as one company.
7th, Saltcoats, formed February 28, 1860, as one company, of
which a detachment was at Stevenston.
9th, Kilmarnock, formed May 19, 1860, as one company. Uni-
form— medium grey with light blue facings.
11th, Dairy, formed December 4, 1860, as one company.
/
202 Records of the Several Corps.
The uniforms of the corps not mentioned above were
grey of various shades, and it was not until 1867 that
the 1st Administrative Battalion, as then existing, was
clothed uniformly in scarlet tunics with blue facings
and trousers, blue shakos with dark green ball -tuft,
white belts, and black leggings.
In the same year in which the 2nd Battalion was
constituted, a new corps, the 15th, was raised at
Darvel as one company on December 24, 1873, and
on October 10, 1874, another one-company corps, the
17th, was formed at Galston, both being added to
the battalion. In 1875, however, the 9th Corps
(Kilmarnock) was amalgamated with the 1st, thus
leaving the battalion eight companies strong.
In June 1880 the battalion was consolidated as the
1st Ayrshire Rifle Volunteers, with headquarters at
Kilmarnock, and eight companies lettered — A, Kil-
marnock (late 1st Corps) ; B, Irvine (late 3rd) ; C,
Largs (late 4th); D, Beith (late 6th); E, Saltcoats
(late 7th) ; F, Dairy (late 1 1th) ; G, Darvel (late 15th) ;
and H, Galston (late 17th). At the same time blue
helmets with silver ornaments replaced the shakos,
and a black Austrian knot was added to the cuffs
of the tunics.
By General Order 181, of December 1887, the bat-
talion was designated the 1st Volunteer Battalion
Royal Scots Fusiliers, and on the following 20th April
it was authorised to adopt the uniform of that regi-
ment, with volunteer distinctions, but without the
raccoon skin cap, the diced glengarry remaining the
sole head - dress. Sashes were worn by Serjeants
only.
During the war in South Africa the battalion was
represented by 94 of all ranks, of whom Captain
C. G. Dickie, Lieutenant J. MacL. Frew, and 56
III >
ist Vol. Bat. the Royal Scots Fusiliers. 203
other ranks served with the 1st Service Company, and
Lieutenant J. Alexander and 19 men with the 2nd
Service Section (1902) of the Royal Scots Fusiliers,
and Captain J. M. Hunter served with the Volunteer
Cyclist Company. Of the 1st Service Company, Private
Agnew was wounded, and Corporal T. Winton and
Lance- Corporal J. Risk died of disease.
At home the battalion was increased in strength,
for in 1900 two new companies, J and K, of which
one was a cyclist company, were raised in Kilmarnock,
and at the same time the headquarters of C Company
were removed from Largs to Stewarton, and of H from
Galston to Kilmarnock. The headquarters of the ten
companies were, therefore, thenceforward —
A, H, J, K, Kilmarnock.
E, Saltcoats
B, Irvine.
F, Dairy.
C, Stewarton.
G, Darvel.
D, Beith.
The headquarters range of the battalion at Irvine,
up to 1000 yards, belonged to the Ayrshire Rifle
Association, and D, E, F, and G Companies had their
own separate ranges near their headquarters. The
battalion had a good musketry record, and in 1888
it stood first in order of merit as regards musketry
out of 212 rifle corps included in the War Office
returns.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding since 1873 have
been —
R B. Eobertson-Glasgow, March 26, 1873.
John Dickie, V.D. (hon. col.), September 16, 1874.
E. M. McKerrell, V.D. (hon. col.), May 10, 1895.
J. Gow, June 11, 1904.
204 Records of the Several Corps.
2nd VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE ROYAL
SCOTS FUSILIERS.
Regimental District, No. 21.
(Plate XV.)
" South Africa, 1900-01." | Order op Precedence, 193.
Honorary Colonel — R. P. Robertson-Glasgow (hon. col.),
December 20, 1906.
The early history of this battalion, up to 1873, is
identical with that of the 1st Volunteer Battalion (q.v.)
The original corps, which at the split of March
1873 remained constituting the 1st Administrative
Battalion Ayrshire Rifle Volunteers, were the
3rd Ayr, formed January 19, 1860, as one company. Uniform —
medium grey, with scarlet facings, black braid, and black
patent-leather belts.
5th Maybole, formed February 27, 1860, as one company.
8th Colmonell, formed May 25, 1860, as one company.
10th Girvan, formed October 22, 1860, as one company.
12th Cumnock, formed January 14, 1861, as one company.
13th Sorn, formed March 18, 1861, as one company.
14th Ayr, formed April 14, 1862, as one subdivision, increased to
a full company in 1871.
At the end of 1873 there was added to the
battalion the 16th Corps, formed at Newmilns as
one company on December 24, 1873.
The 8th Corps was disbanded in 1875, and in
April 1880 the battalion was consolidated as the 3rd
(numbered 2nd in June) Ayrshire Rifle Volunteers,
headquarters at Ayr, with seven companies lettered
A and B, Ayr (late 3rd and 14th Corps); C, Maybole
(late 5th); D, Girvan (late 10th); E, Cumnock (late
12th); F, Sorn (late 13th); and G, Newmilns (late
2nd Vol. Bat. the Royal Scots Fusiliers. 205
16th). In this year also the uniform, which had
hitherto been identical with that of the 2nd Admin-
istrative Battalion, was in so far changed that for
the shako the glengarry with diced border was sub-
stituted, and was ever since the sole head-dress of
the battalion. A black Austrian knot was also added
to the cuff of the tunic.
In 1883 the headquarters of F Company were moved
from Sorn to Catrine, in the same parish, and a new
(H) company was raised at Troon.
In 1887 (General Order 181 of December) the
battalion assumed the designation of 2nd Volunteer
Battalion, The Royal Scots Fusiliers, but it was
only on January 13, 1898, that it was authorised to
be clothed in the doublet and trews of the regiment,
the raccoon skin cap not being worn, and Serjeants
only wearing sashes.
A large number of men volunteered for the war
in South Africa, and 2 officers and 62 men actually
served, of whom Lieutenant G. D. Porteous and 54
other ranks belonged to the 1st Service Company
and 4 men to the 2nd Service Section of the Royal
Scots Fusiliers. Lieutenant R. M. M. Buntine was
also attached to the line battalion. Of the 1st
Service Company, Lance- Corporal J. M'Chesney and
Privates B. Gilmore and J. M'Lean died of disease.
In 1900 I (Cyclist) Company was formed at Ayr,
bringing the battalion up to an establishment of nine
companies, viz. : —
A, B, and I, Ayr.
C, Maybole.
D, Girvan.
E, Cumnock.
F, Catrine.
G, Newmilns.
H, Troon.
From 1902 to 1906 the battalion was detailed to
the 33rd Field Army Brigade, and trained annually
in camp for thirteen days. A, B, H, and I Companies
206 Records of the Several Corps.
used the range of the Ayrshire Rifle Association at
Irvine, the other five having each their own range.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding the former 1st
Administrative Battalion, or this corps, have been —
Archibald, Marquis of Ailsa, K.T., August 27, 1860.
Jas. G. Hay Boyd, late 20th Foot, January 8, 1862.
Eight Hon. Sir J. Fergusson, Bart, of Kilkerran, late Lieutenant
and Captain Grenadier Guards, December 10, 1879.
David D. Whigham, V.D. (hon. col.), August 21, 1890.
Eobert P. Robertson-Glasgow of Montgreenan, late Lieutenant
Durham L.I., March 29, 1896.
James E. Shaw, June 11, 1904, to February 10, 1908.
1st ROXBURGH AND SELKIRK (THE BORDER)
VOLUNTEER RIFLE CORPS.
Regimental District, No. 25.
(Plate XVI.)
" South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence, 147.
Honorary Colonel — Sir R. J. Waldie-Gripfith, Bart. (hon. col.),
September 22, 1906.
Headquarters — Melrose.
The 1st Administrative Battalion, Roxburghshire
Rifle Volunteers, was formed on November 9, 1861,
with headquarters at Melrose, and including the 1st,
2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Roxburgh Rifle Volunteer
Corps. To it were added in 1862 the 1st and 2nd
Selkirk Rifle Volunteer Corps. The iu dividual details
of the origin of these corps are as follows : —
1st Roxburgh E.V.C., Jedburgh. The corps, of one company,
with a detachment at Denholm, which in 1863 was trans-
ferred to the 4th Corps when the latter raised a second
ist Roxburgh and Selkirk Vol. Rifle Corps. 207
company, was first sworn in on September 15, 1859, its
officers being gazetted on November 17. The uniform was
slate-grey tunics, trousers, and caps, the tunics hooked in
front (buttoned for officers), and with scarlet collars and
black piping and Austrian knot, the trousers and caps with
black piping, and the latter with a crown and bugle orna-
ment. Shakos with a black ball -tuft were adopted in
1862. The belts were brown leather, as for all corps of
this battalion, the men wearing waist-belts only, officers
and Serjeants pouch-belts with chain and whistle.
2nd Eoxburgh E.V.C., Kelso. The first public meeting to form
this corps was held on May 27, 1859, but its services were
not accepted till March 1860, the men being sworn in on
the 26th, and the officers gazetted on the 29th of that
month. The uniform (see Plate XVI.) was as for the 1st
Corps, but the tunics were buttoned for all ranks, the
trousers had broad black stripes, and the cap badge was
a St Andrew on a red ground. The corps was of the
strength of one company.
3rd Eoxburgh E.V.C., Melrose. Eaised on June 15, 1860, and
men sworn in on July 15, 1860. Strength, one company.
Uniform as for 2nd Corps.
4th Eoxburgh E.V.C., Hawick. The first public meeting to form
this corps, one company strong, was held on December 8,
1859. Its services were offered on March 6, and accepted
on June 11, 1860, the officers being gazetted, along with
those of the 3rd Corps, on June 15, 1860. Members paid
for their uniform and equipment, and gave an annual
subscription of 10s. at first. The first uniform (see Plate
XVI.) was slate-grey, with red collars and black braid on
the tunic, with four rows on the breast, and black Austrian
knot, blue Kilmarnock bonnets, and brown waist-belts.
This was shortly afterwards changed to the same uniform
as the 2nd Corps, but with grey shako with black band,
and star badge in front and plume of cock's feathers. On
December 1, 1863, the corps was increased to two com-
panies, the detachment at Denholm, hitherto belonging to
the 1st Corps, being incorporated in it.
5th Eoxburgh E.V.C., Hawick, raised as one company on January
15, 1861, and disbanded in 1867.
208 Records of the Several Corps.
1st Selkirk E.V.C., Galashiels. This corps, of one company,
known as the "Gala Forest Rifles," was the outcome of
a public meeting held on November 22, 1859. The officers
were gazetted on March 27, 1860, and the corps was
sworn in on April 9, 1860, there being then 85 effective
and 38 honorary members. The cost of the uniform
and equipment was £3, 10s. 7d., to which members were
required to contribute a minimum of 30s., the balance being
paid out of corps funds, which were formed by annual sub-
scriptions of 10s. for each effective, and at least 21s. for
each honorary member, and by public subscriptions. In
1861 the annual subscriptions for effective members were
abolished, and the payment for uniform reduced to 15s.
The uniform (see Plate XVI.) was slate-grey tunics, trousers,
and caps, the tunics with scarlet collars and Austrian knots,
bound all round with black braid, and with four rows of
the same on the breast, the trousers with scarlet piping
and two stripes of black braid, and the caps with a black
band and scarlet piping. The shoulder- and waist-belts
were of brown leather. The corps was increased to two
companies on December 1, 1869.
2nd Selkirk R.V.C., Selkirk, known as the " Ettrick Forest Rifles,"
was raised on June 15, 1860, as one company, on the same
conditions and with the same uniform as the 1st Selkirk.
It was increased to two companies on November 1, 1879.
The title of " The Border Rifles " was conferred
upon the battalion in 1868.
In 1863 the uniforms of all the corps were assim-
ilated, the slate-grey colour being retained for tunics,
trousers, and shakos. The tunics had scarlet collars
with black braid, black piping, and black ring tracing
on the cuff, the trousers black piping, and the shakos
three rows of black braid, black and red ball-tuft, and
bugle badge. Belts were of brown leather, and haver-
sacks and greatcoats formed part of the equipment of
the battalion. Blue Kilmarnock bonnets were worn in
undress till 1885, when they were replaced by glen-
2 a X £ U-
: >
ist Roxburgh and Selkirk Vol. Rifle Corps. 209
garries. In 1877 the red collar on the tunic was
abolished, and in 1879 grey helmets, with a bronze
Maltese cross on a black ground, were introduced.
Headquarters of the battalion were transferred on
June 30, 1878, from Melrose to Newtown St Boswells,
and on April 7, 1880, under War Office authority
of March 24, the battalion was consolidated under
the title of 1st Roxburgh and Selkirk (The Border)
R.V.C., with 9 companies, lettered as follows : —
A, Jedburgh (late 1st E.E.V.), B, Kelso (late 2nd E.E.V.),
C, Melrose (late 3rd E.E.V.), D and E, Hawick (late 4th E.E.V.),
F and G-, Galashiels (late 1st S.E.V.), H and I, Selkirk (late
2nd S.E.V.)
In 1887 (General Order 61 of May) the battalion
was transferred from the 21st (Royal Scots Fusiliers)
to the 25th (King's Own Scottish Borderers) Regi-
mental District, and in the same year the head-
quarters of H Company were removed from Selkirk
to Galashiels. On April 1, 1892, a tenth (K) Com-
pany was raised at Hawick.
During the South African war, the battalion con-
tributed its contingent to all the volunteer service com-
panies raised for the King's Own Scottish Borderers :
Major A. Haddon, Lieutenant M. Craig-Brown, and 34
men serving in the 1st, Lieutenant J. Herbertson and
30 men in the 2nd, and 18 men in the 3rd Service Com-
pany. Eleven men served in the Scottish Volunteer
Cyclist Company, and one man as a Royal Engineer
telegraphist ; making a total of 97 members of the
battalion who served in the war. In 1901 the
establishment of the battalion was raised to 12 com-
panies, but in 1902 these new companies were
again reduced, the headquarters were transferred to
Melrose, and the cyclists of the whole battalion were
o
210 Records of the Several Corps.
formed into one company (L) with headquarters at
Newcastleton. In this year the helmets were replaced
by a grey felt hat with black and white feathers, turned
up on the left side with a badge of the Douglas heart
and crown and the motto, "Doe or die." In 1902
the battalion was included in the 32nd Field Army
Brigade, and trained with it for thirteen days
annually till 1906.
The latter-day distribution of the companies of the
battalion was —
A, Jedburgh.
B, Kelso.
C, Melrose.
D, E, and K, Hawick.
F, G, and H, Galashiels.
I, Selkirk.
L (Cyclist) Newcastleton.
It possessed eight separate rifle-ranges near the
headquarters of companies.
The lieutenant- colonels commanding have been : —
H. F. H. S. Lord Polwarth, November 9, 1861.
Sir George H. S. Douglas, Bart., Spring wood Park, Kelso, late
Captain 34th Foot (hon. col.), October 26, 1868.
Jas. Paton, of Crailing, late Major 4th Foot (hon. col.), February
6, 1886.
Wm. S. Elliott, of Teviot Lodge, Hawick (hon. col.), September
5, 1888.
Sir Richard J. Waldie-Grimth, Bart, of Hendersyde Park, Kelso
(hon. col.), January 7, 1891.
Andrew Haddon, V.D. (hon. captain in army), December 27, 1900,
to February 26, 1908.
2,nd Volunteer Battalion the K.O.S.B. 211
2nd (BERWICKSHIRE) VOLUNTEER
BATTALION, THE KING'S OWN SCOTTISH
BORDERERS.
Regimental District, No. 25.
(Plate XVII.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence, 187.
Honorary Colonel — A. M. Brown, late Captain R. A. (hon. col.), May 14, 1887.
Headquarters — Duns.
On November 19, 1863, the 1st Administrative
Battalion, Berwickshire Rifle Volunteers, was formed,
with headquarters at Duns, from the following
corps : —
1st Duns, formed December 16, 1859, as one company. Uniform
— dark grey tunic, trousers, and cap with black braiding, and
black patent-leather belts.
2nd Coldstream, formed March 30, 1860, as one company.
Uniform — medium grey tunic, with green cuffs and collar
and black Austrian knot (for the men) and piping, medium
grey trousers with green stripe, green cap with grey band
and green ball-tuft, and brown waist-belts (pouch-belt also
for officers and sergeants).
3rd Aytoun, formed May 11, 1860, as one subdivision ; increased
to one company, August 20, 1860. Uniform the same as
1st Corps, but with red piping on the trousers.
4th, Greenlaw, formed February 24, 1860, as one company.
Uniform the same as the 2nd Corps. Badge, the March-
mont crest (glaive in hand) and motto, " True to death."
5th Lauderdale, formed April 10, 1860, as one subdivision ; in-
creased to one company, March 16, 1864. Uniform the
same as the 2nd Corps, but all ranks had pouch-belts.
6th Earlston, formed June 5, 1863, as one company.
7th Chirnside, formed July 7, 1863, as one subdivision, increased
to one company, August 5, 1868.
2 1 2 Records of the Several Corps.
The 6th and 7th Corps adopted from the beginning
the following uniform, which had been decided upon
for the whole battalion at a meeting held on May 19,
1863 : Scarlet tunics with scarlet cuffs and collar,
black braid all round, and Austrian knot, and for
officers four " fern leaves " in black embroidery on the
breast (abolished in 1865), dark grey (Oxford mixture)
trousers with \\ in. scarlet stripes, dark grey shakos
with red band, black piping, the Royal Arms in front,
and a light green ostrich-feather plume (cock's feathers
for officers), and brown waist- and pouch -belts. In
1873 white haversacks were issued, and on April 1,
1875, the uniform was modernised, the black braid on
the tunic being replaced by black piping, silver lace
and buttons for officers and sergeants introduced, the
trouser stripe replaced by piping, and the old shako
replaced by a plain grey one, with green ball -tuft
and bugle badge. Blue helmets with silver star and
crown badge replaced the shakos in February 1880.
The headquarters of the battalion were removed
from Duns to Coldstream on November 1, 1876, and
in April 1880 the battalion was consolidated as the
1st Berwickshire Rifle Volunteers, with seven com-
panies lettered from A to G in the seniority of corps.
On April 7, 1884, the battalion adopted the uniform
of the Royal Scots (to which it was then affiliated),
the helmet and brown belts continuing to be worn with
it. In 1885 headquarters were moved back to Duns,
and in 1887 (General Order 61 of May) the battalion
was transferred from the Royal Scots Regimental
District to that of the King's Own Scottish Borderers,
and assumed the title of 2nd Volunteer Battalion of
that regiment (General Order 181 of December), serge
doublets, with the new regimental badges, replacing
2.nd Volunteer Battalion the K.O.S.B. 213
at the same time those of cloth with blue cuffs hitherto
worn. At that time the Royal Scots and the Scot-
tish Borderers wore the same tartan. On April 1,
1891, a new company "H" was raised at Duns, bring-
ing the establishment of the battalion up to eight
companies.
During the South African war the battalion fur-
nished its contingent to all the volunteer service com-
panies of the King's Own Scottish Borderers, 80
members in all serving in South Africa. Of these,
Lieutenant R Stoddart and 34 men served with the
1st, Lieutenant R. C. Christie-Thomson and 27 men
with the 2nd, and Captain J. E. Stevenson and 2 men
with the 3rd Volunteer Service Company, 2nd Lieu-
tenant D. H. Stewart and 11 men in the Imperial
Yeomanry, 1 man in the Post Office Corps, and 2nd
Lieutenant W. Home with the 4th (Militia) Battalion
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. At home a
cyclist section was formed, and a new company,
" I," at Lady kirk raised, under War Office authority of
May 29, 1900; but in 1905 "H" company was dis-
banded and "I" was re-lettered "H." In 1900 also
the helmet was replaced by the glengarry with diced
border as the sole head-dress, and the tartan of the
trews was changed to Leslie. Sashes were permitted
to be worn by Serjeants.
The distribution of the battalion since 1905 was —
Headquarters and A Company,
Duns.
B Company, Coldstream.
C Company, Ayton, detachment at
Coldingham.
D Company, Greenlaw, detachment
at Gordon.
E Company, Lauder, detachment at
Stow.
F Company, Earlston.
G Company, Chirnside, detachment
at Horncliffe.
H Company, Ladykirk, detachment
at Swinton.
There were 10 ranges belonging to the battalion.
214 Records of the Several Corps.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
Hon. A. F. Cathcart, Brevet-Lieutenant-Colonel, December 19,
1863.
Sir J. Marjoribanks, Bart, December 20, 1866.
Hon. Eobert Baillie-Hamilton, late Major 44th Foot, February 9,
1881.
Alex. M. Brown, late Captain (R.A), (hon. col.) January 18, 1882.
Charles Hope (late Captain King's Royal Rifle Corps), May 14,
1887, to March 30, 1908.
3rd (DUMFRIES) VOLUNTEER BATTALION,
THE KING'S OWN SCOTTISH BORDERERS.
Regimental District, No. 25.
(Plate XVIII.)
" South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 194.
Headquarters — Dumfries.
On January 4, 1862, the 1st Administrative Bat-
talion, Dumfriesshire Rifle Volunteers, was formed, with
headquarters at Dumfries, and to it were attached the
following corps, all of one company each : —
1st, Dumfries, formed February 25, ( increased to two
1860, 1 companies, 1872.
2nd, Thornhill, „ February 28, 1860.
3rd, Sanquhar, ., Feburary 28, 1860.
4th, Penpont, » February 29, 1860.
5th, Annan, n June 14, 1860.
6th, Moffat, ., June 20, 1860.
7th, Langholm, .. June 1, 1860.
8th, Lockerbie, .. June 20, 1860.
9th, Lochmaben, i. February 18, 1861.
2>rd Volunteer Battalion the K.O.S.B. 215
The original uniform of all corps was Elcho grey
tunic and trousers, with scarlet collars, cuffs, piping, and
Austrian knot, Elcho grey shakos with scarlet band
and ball-tuft, with a bugle and crown badge and " 60 "
(the county precedence number) in the centre of the
bugle, and brown waist-belts. Some companies had at
first blue facings, but these were changed to scarlet in
1862. The undress cap was a grey Balmoral bonnet,
with blue, grey, and red diced border ; but this was
replaced in 1864 by a round grey forage cap with
scarlet band. In 1876 this uniform was replaced by
scarlet tunics with yellow facings and Austrian knot,
blue trousers with scarlet piping, black busbies with
yellow and black plume, with black lace and lines for
officers, and white belts, — at first patent-leather, and
afterwards of buff leather pipe-clayed.
In April 1880 the battalion was consolidated as the
1st Dumfriesshire Rifle Volunteers, with headquarters
at Dumfries, and 10 companies, lettered —
A and B,$Dumfries (late 1st Corps).
C, Thornhill (late 2nd).
D, Sanquhar (late 3rd).
E, Penpont (late 4th).
F, Annan (late 5th).
G, Moffat (late 6th).
H, Langholm (late 7th).
I, Lockerbie (late 8th).
K, Lochmaben (late 9th).
On March 23, 1885, the Penpont Company became a
section of "C," and a new " E" Company was formed
at Ecclefechan ; and on December 7, 1888, the head-
quarters of " K " Company were removed from Loch-
maben to Canonbie.
The battalion was removed, by General Order 61 of
May 1887, from the 21st (Royal Scots Fusiliers) to the
25th (King's Own Scottish Borderers) Regimental Dis-
trict, and it assumed the title of 3rd Volunteer Bat-
talion of the latter regiment by General Order 181 of
December 1, 1887, consequent upon which, on February
216 Records of the Several Corps.
29, 1888, the uniform of the King's Own Scottish Bord-
erers was adopted, serge undress doublets (with scarlet
cuffs) being worn. The helmet was introduced with
this uniform, and was worn until 1900, when the glen-
garry was adopted as the sole head-dress, and the trews
were changed to Leslie tartan. Sashes were worn by
Serjeants only.
During the war 1 officer and 72 men were con-
tributed by the battalion to the volunteer service
companies of the King's Own Scottish Borderers, —
Lieutenant B. J. Cunningham and 32 men to the
1st, 24 men to the 2nd, and 16 men to the 3rd : in
addition, 4 men joined the B.A.M.C, 3 the Scottish
Volunteer Cyclist Company, 1 the Post Office Corps, 3
Colonial Corps, and 2 the Imperial Yeomanry, — making
in all 86 members of the 3rd Volunteer Battalion who
served in South Africa.
The distribution of the battalion was latterly as
follows : —
A and B Companies, Dumfries.
C Company, Thornhill ; detachment
at Penpont.
D Company, Sanquhar ; detachment
at Kirkconnel.
E Company, Ecclefechan.
F Company, Annan.
G Company, Moffat ; detachment at
Wanlockhead.
H Company, Langholm.
I Company, Lockerbie.
K Company, Canonbie.
The headquarters at Dumfries included a large drill-
hall, the Annan Company had similar arrangements, and
the battalion in all possessed 12 rifle-ranges.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
Lord H. J. M. Douglas-Scott, February 8, 1862.
J. S. D. Marquis of Queensberry, September 18, 1869.
John G. Clark, April 25, 1871.
Wm. E. Malcolm, August 15, 1881.
Eobt. F. Dudgeon, V.D., late Captain K. Scots Fusiliers (hon. col.),
May 22, 1886.
The Galloway Volunteer Rifle Corps. 217
THE GALLOWAY VOLUNTEER RIFLE CORPS.
(Kirkcudbright and Wigtown.)
Regimental District, No. 25.
(Plate XIX.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 202.
Honorary Colonel— J. M. Kennedy, M.V.O., V.D.(hon. col.), October 13, 1906.
Headquarters — Maxwelltown.
The Galloway Administrative Battalion of Rifle Vol-
unteers was formed on June 30, 1860, with head-
quarters at Newton - Stewart, and to it, then or on
their subsequent date of formation, were attached the
following corps : —
1st Kirkcudbright R V., Kirkcudbright, formed March 2, 1860, as
one company. Uniform — steel grey, with green facings.
2nd Kirkcudbright E.V., Castle - Douglas, formed March 2,
1860, as one company.
3rd Kirkcudbright E.V., New Galloway, formed March 28, 1860,
as one company.
4th Kirkcudbright E.V., Gatehouse, formed May 19, 1860, as a
subdivision, disbanded in 1866.
5th Kirkcudbright E.V., Maxwelltown, formed June 1, 1860, as
one company, increased to one and a-half companies in
1865 and to two companies in 1880.
6th Kirkcudbright E.V., Dalbeattie, formed June 23, 1869, as one
company.
1st "Wigtown E.V., Wigtown, formed February 24, 1860, as a
subdivision, incorporated as a section in the 3rd Corps
in 1874.
2nd Wigtown E.V., Stranraer, formed March 16, 1860, as one
company.
3rd Wigtown E.V., Newton-Stewart, formed March 21, 1860, as
one company.
218 Records of the Several Corps.
4th Wigtown R.V., Whithorn, formed April 11, 1860, as a sub-
division, disbanded in 1874.
5th Wigtown E.V., Drumore, formed November 23, 1860, as a
subdivision, disbanded in 1866.
The original uniforms of the corps were steel or dark
grey, and varied greatly, not only between corps, but
also in the corps from year to year, one company
appearing one year with plumes of cock's feathers
and the next with shakos of Highland Light Infantry
pattern, &c.
Uniformity was first attained on December 5, 1873,
when the whole battalion was clothed in dark grey
tunics and trousers, with scarlet cuffs, collars, piping,
and Austrian knot (latter with black tracing all round),
dark grey shakos with black ball-tuft, and black belts.
On May 9, 1883, the shako was replaced by a plain
blue glengarry, but otherwise the 1873 uniform (which
remained till 1908 the regulation for officers in full dress)
was worn down to May 19, 1905, when drab service
dress with scarlet piping on the trousers, drab putties,
blue glengarry with regimental badge and red, white,
and blue diced border, and brown leather equipment
with bandolier, became the sole dress of the battalion.
In June 1880 the battalion was consolidated under
the title of the Galloway Rifle Volunteer Corps, with
headquarters at Newton-Stewart, and 8 companies,
lettered as follows : —
A, Kirkcudbright (late 1st K.R.V.)
B, Castle-Douglas (late 2nd K.R. V.)
C, Stranraer (late 2nd W.R.V.)
D, Newton-Stewart, detachments at
Wigtown and Creetown (late
3rd and 1st W.R.V.)
E, New Galloway (late 3rd K.R.V.)
F and G, Maxwelltown (late 5th
K.R.V.)
H, Dalbeattie (late 6th K.R.V.)
On March 21, 1885, headquarters were transferred to
Castle-Douglas, and in 1899, by Army Order 65, the
battalion was removed from the 21st (Royal Scots
The Galloway Volunteer Rifle Corps. 219
Fusiliers) to the 25th (King's Own Scottish Borderers)
Regimental District.
During the war 95 members of the battalion served
in South Africa. Of these, 34 non-commissioned officers
and men served with the 1st, Captain J. Blacklock and
26 men with the 2nd, and 20 men with the 3rd Volun-
teer Service Company of the King's Own Scottish Bord-
erers. Of the 2nd company, Colour-Serjeant R. Grier-
son, Lance- Corporal J. M'Millan, and Private B. Dixon
of the Galloway Rifles were mentioned for gallantry at
the capture of Commandant Wolmarans and 30 Boers
near Damhoek on August 10, 1901 (in Lord Kitchener's
despatch of October 8, 1901), and the last two were
specially promoted to corporal. In addition Lieutenant
T. Shortridge and 2 men served in the Scottish Cyclist
Company, Lieutenant E. S. Forde and one other as
civil surgeons, 5 men served in the Imperial Yeomanry,
3 in Fincastle's Horse, and 1 in the South African
Constabulary.
On September 6, 1904, battalion headquarters were
removed from Castle - Douglas to Maxwelltown. The
battalion possessed 14 separate rifle-ranges, one of
which, at Conhuith, for F and G companies, was held
conjointly with the 3rd Volunteer Battalion K.O.S.B.
The lieutenant- colonels commanding have been —
Wm. K Lawrie, June 30, 1860.
John G-. Maitland, January 6, 1872.
John M. Kennedy, M.V.O., V.D. (hon. col.), July 30, 1889.
John Lennox, V.I), (hon. col.), September 8, 1906.
220 Records of the Several Corps.
1st LANARKSHIRE VOLUNTEER RIFLE
CORPS.
Regimental District, No. 26.
(Plate XX.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 111.
Honorary Colonel — James A. Reid, V.D. (hon. col.), March 28, 1903.
Headquarters — 261 West Princes Street, Glasgow.
The origin of the 1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteer Corps,
or Glasgow 1st Western, has already been indicated in
Part L, on page 16. The first meeting of this corps
for drill was held in the playground of the Glasgow
Academy, Elmbank Street, July 27, 1859, and, after
drill, the corps assembled in a class-room, under the
presidency of Mr (afterwards Lieutenant) Charles Hut-
chison Smith,1 and decided that Sir Archibald Islay
Campbell, Bart, of Garscube, should be recommended
to the Lord-Lieutenant for appointment as captain, Mr
(afterwards Ensign) Ruthven Campbell Todd2 being
appointed treasurer. As already narrated, the services
of this company were offered on August 5, 1859, and
accepted on September 24, and on October 1, 1859, the
first officers were gazetted.
On January 11, 1860, a meeting was held by the
"1st Western " Corps, as a result of which the corps
communicated with other companies with a view to
forming a regiment, and, in consequence, on February
28, 1860, the 1st, 2nd, 9th, 11th, 15th, 17th, 18th,
33rd, 39th, 50th, and 53rd Corps of Lanarkshire Rifle
Volunteers were formed into the "1st Lanarkshire Rifle
Volunteer Corps," which was shown for the first time,
eleven companies strong, in the Army List for April
1 Afterwards Major 1st Lanark R.V. Retired 1872. Died July 13, 1904.
2 Afterwards Lieut. -Colonel Commandant, and then Honorary Colonel 1st
Lanark R.V. Resigned 1883. Died August 9, 1887.
Ill
15/ Lanarkshire Volunteer Rifle Corps. 221
1860, Sir Archibald Islay Campbell, the former captain
of the 1st Western, having been gazetted lieutenant-
colonel to command from March 6, 1860 ('Gazette/
March 9, 1860). During March and April 1860 the
63rd, 72nd, 76th, 77th, and 79th Corps of Lanarkshire
Rifle Volunteers were added to it, bringing the total
strength up to sixteen companies, and on June 1, 1860,
the regiment was divided into two battalions.
The dates of acceptance of services and of first com-
missioning of officers of all corps are given in Appendix
C. Each consisted originally of one company only, and
the following notes show the first composition and uni-
form of the separate corps : —
1st Corps (1st Western), already mentioned. Uniform — dark
grey tunics, trousers, and caps, first with five rows of black braid
on the breast, and black patent leather waist- and pouch-belts.
Badge, a Scottish lion on a shield. Motto, " Jus Patria." Arms,
short Enfield and sword bayonet (all private property). The
corps, as already indicated, was entirely self-supporting. After-
wards " A " Company.
2nd Corps (University of Glasgow). This corps, composed of
professors, graduates, and students of the University, made a
simultaneous offer of service with the 1st Corps, but the claims
of the latter to' priority of formation were allowed. Uniform said
to have been much the same as for the 1st. The company fell off
gradually in numbers, and on March 2, 1870, was amalgamated
with " Q " Company (77th), which had a somewhat similar origin.
9th Corps (Bankers). Formed in consequence of a meeting on
August 4, 1859, of tellers, clerks, &c, in the various Glasgow
banks. Each bank, except the City of Glasgow and the
Clydesdale, subscribed and paid for the armament and equip-
ment of ten to fifteen men, £10 being the maximum expense for
each man. The conditions of admission were afterwards ex-
tended, but have always been subject to a ballot of serving
members, and the banks have always kept up their interest in
the company by giving prizes for shooting, &c. Uniform as for
the 1st Corps. Badge, St Andrew's Cross. Motto, "Semper
Paratus." Afterwards " B " Company.
11th Corps (2nd Western). Formed at a meeting on October
222 Records of the Several Corps.
4, 1859, as an overflow company of the 1st Corps, the formal offer
of service being made on the 25th, and an officer (Lieut. C. H.
Smith) of the 1st being elected captain. Uniform and armament
the same as for the 1st, but of a slightly lighter (reddish) grey,
and with a bugle and crown as a badge, and black piping instead
of braid on the trousers.1 In 1864 the 39th Corps (see below)
was amalgamated with the 11th. Afterwards " C " Company.
15th Company (Procurators). Formed in consequence of a
meeting held in the Faculty Hall on September 28, 1859, and
composed of members of the legal profession, clerks, and ap-
prentices. £105 was given by the Faculty towards the expenses
of the corps, and the profession subscribed largely. Original
uniform unknown, probably dark grey like 1st. Afterwards
" D " Company.
17th Corps (Stockbrokers and Accountants). The offer of this
corps' services was made on November 18, 1859, it having been
formed in consequence of a meeting held on the 4th. The Stock
Exchange contributed £150, and the Institute of Accountants and
Actuaries £100, to its funds. Uniform, medium grey. After-
wards " E " Company.
18 th Corps. Formed in consequence of a meeting on November
16, 1859, from the employe's of the firm of Messrs Wylie & Loch-
head, furnishers and undertakers, which subscribed £80 towards
the funds, the rest of the cost of £4 per man being borne by the
members or by outside subscriptions. Uniform — medium grey,
with brown belts. The company maintained its distinctive
character till 1881, when recruiting became general. Afterwards
" L " Company.
33rd Corps (Partick). Formed after a meeting of the inhabit-
ants of Partick held on October 6, 1859, its services being offered
on December 8. It was a self-supporting corps, each member
finding his own uniform and equipment, and paying £2, 2s.
annual subscription. Uniform the same as the 1st Corps, with
badge of bugle-horn and crown. Afterwards " F " Company.
39th Corps. Formed from employe's of the shipping com-
panies, which together contributed £334 to its funds. Its ser-
vices were offered on December 13, 1859. Uniform unknown.
1 A specimen of this uniform is to be seen in the Glasgow Art Galleries,
Kelvingrove Park.
ist Lanarkshire Volunteer Rifle Corps. 223
Numbers soon fell off, and in 1864 its remaining members were
transferred to the 11th Corps.
50th Corps (1st Press). A meeting of newspaper employes
and press-men was held on October 24, 1859, and the services of
this corps, formed of these, were offered on December 28. So
great were the numbers, that a second overflow company, num-
bered the 51st, was formed immediately, but this subsequently
joined the 19th Lanark E.V. (1st V.B.H.L.I.) The uniform is
unknown. The 50th corps fell off rapidly in numbers, and was
broken up in 1863.
53rd Corps. Formed in consequence of a meeting held on
November 29, 1860, from the employe's of the firm of J. & W.
Campbell, who gave £200 towards the funds of the corps. Its
services were offered on December 29, 1860. The late Prime
Minister, Sir H. Campbell-Bannerman, was at first lieutenant,
and then, till 1867, captain of this company. In 1862, when the
change of uniform was made, this officer paid £50, and the firm
contributed £100, towards the expenses of the company. The
uniform was Elcho grey, with knickerbockers, brown belts, and
brown leggings. Afterwards " M " Company.
63rd Corps. Formed in consequence of a meeting held on
December 7, 1859, out of members of the grain and provision
trades and bakers, the various firms of which subscribed £450.
Its services were offered on January 30, 1860. Uniform un-
known. This corps formed an overflow company, numbered the
84th, which received half its funds and afterwards joined the
31st Lanark (see 3d V.B.H.L.I.) Afterwards " N " Company.
72nd Corps (Fine Arts). Formed of jewellers, watch and
clock makers, silversmiths, engravers, &c, at a meeting held on
December 7, 1859. Uniform — dark bluish grey, with light blue
facings, small stiff bluish-grey shakos, plume of cock's feathers,
and black belts. Badges, a silver wreath and crown on the shako,
and a star with Minerva's head on the pouch-belt. The company
fell off in numbers, and in 1863 its remaining members joined
" P " Company (76th Corps).
76th Corps (Port Dundas). Formed in consequence of a
meeting on February 13, 1860, of men employed in the distil-
leries, saw-mills, wharves, stores, and sugar-works at Port Dundas.
The men are said to have been of quite exceptional physique.
Uniform as for the 72nd Corps, but with ball-tufts on the shakos.
224
Records of the Several Corps.
In 1863 the remains of the 72nd Corps were amalgamated with
it. Afterwards " P " Company.
77th Corps (City Eifle Guard, or 2d University). This corps
at first existed as a drill class, but at a meeting on February 10,
1860, it was resolved to form the class into a volunteer corps.
The men were mostly of the mercantile community, but a uni-
versity professor was captain, it drilled in College Green, and its
headquarters were in the College. It never, however, recruited
its ranks from the University till March 1870, when the re-
mainder of the 2nd Corps (then " K " Company) was amalgamated
with it. Uniform — dark green, with shakos and cock's feathers,
and black belts. Afterwards " Q " Company.
79th Corps (3rd Western). Like the 77th at first a drill
class which, at a meeting held on February 23, 1880, it was
resolved to form into a volunteer corps. Uniform — Elcho grey,
with green facings, brown belts, and bronze ornaments. After-
wards " G " Company.
When the regiment was divided into two battalions in
June 1860, the corps were renumbered, but they appear
to have continued to use their old numbers till the end
of that year at least. It was not till 1864 that the
companies were lettered, and by that time several of the
original corps had ceased to exist. The following table
shows how the re -numbering and re -lettering were
carried out : —
/1st Corps became 1860 1st Company
1864
" A " Company.
9th „ „
„ 2nd „
w
«B» „
1 11th „ „
„ 3rd
„
"C" „
1 15th » »
n 4th n
M
"D" „
1st Battalion <
17th „ „
n 5th »
n
"E" „
|33rd „ „
„ 6th „
l„
"W „
|39th „ „
„ 7th „
"
Amalgamated
with C Coy.
\79th „ „
„ 8th „
„
" G " Company.
/2nd ,, „
„ 9th „
„
"K" „
18th „ „
„ 10th „
J?
"L" „
[50th „ „
ii Hth „
Broken up 1863.
1 53rd „ „
» 12th „
1864
" M " Company.
2nd Battalion <
63rd „ „
„ 13th „
„
«F
I 72nd „ „
M i4th II
1863
Amalgamated
with 15th Coy.
76th „
„ 15th „
1864
" P " Company.
W7th „
ii 16th „
„
"Q" „
15/ Lanarkshire Volunteer Rifle Corps. 225
To do away with the sixteen varieties of uniform
existing in the regiment, in November 1860 a ballot
was taken, and the choice fell upon a Government
(Elcho) grey uniform with blue facings, the wearing of
which became obligatory in 1862. The 1st Lanark
shade of grey was browner than the real Elcho grey,
and this shade was throughout adhered to by the
corps. The blue collar had grey cord lace, the blue
cuff a grey Austrian knot, and the trousers blue piping.
The cap was soft, of grey cloth with diced blue and
white band, silver bugle in front, and straight peak.
Brown pouch- and waist-belts. Yellow leggings with
black band at the ankle.
In 1870 K Company was amalgamated with Q, and
the regiment thus reduced to 12 companies, although
the official establishment always remained at 16 com-
panies. To remedy this, great exertions were made by
Lieut. -Colonel R. C. Todd, then commanding, and in
1878 two new companies, which were lettered K and
O, were formed. In 1881 similar efforts were made to
recruit up for the Royal Review. The recently raised
K Company became I, and two new companies, H and
K, were formed, thus bringing the regiment up to
its authorised establishment. Hitherto the post of
lieutenant-colonel had remained vacant, but in 1881 an
officer was appointed to this post to assist the lieutenant-
colonel commandant, and command the 2nd Battalion.
No change since then took place in the formation or
designation of the corps, except that since 1900 K
Company was recruited from University students, who
were under special regulations. For a few years also
a section of mounted infantry was maintained in the
corps.
The uniform was changed very little. In 1872 grey
busbies with blue lace and white plumes were adopted,
p
226 Records of the Several Corps.
but these were discarded in 1876, and the cap alone
worn till 1878, when grey helmets with bronze orna-
ments were adopted, the Austrian knot on the sleeve
being replaced by a simple round loop of cord, and blue
cloth shoulder-straps taking the place of the cord
hitherto worn. Elcho grey greatcoats were introduced
in 1870, and were worn rolled " en bandouliere" but
about 1890 these were replaced by the ordinary dark
grey infantry greatcoat. In July 1902 a drab service
dress with green Austrian knot was approved for the
corps, also a grey field cap with diced band as on the
old cap, but of smaller pattern. The loop of cord was
removed from the cuif, and the cord from the collar of
the tunic, and the shoulder-straps became grey with
blue edges.
During the South African War the corps furnished
102 members who served in the field. Of those Lieut.
A. A. Kennedy and 33 other ranks served with the
1st, and Captain R. J. Douglas and 19 men with the
2nd Volunteer Service Company of the Scottish Rifles,
of whom Private R. Pattman died of disease. Thirty-
six members served in the Imperial Yeomanry, and
the rest in various corps.
A notable fact about the 1st Lanark R.V. is the
large number of officers who have been supplied from
its ranks to other volunteer corps, and it is on record
that the A Company, the former 1st Western, between
1860 and 1881, furnished more than one hundred such,
and that C Company, the former 2nd Western, or over-
flow of the 1st, gave in the first year of its existence
twenty-six officers to other volunteer corps.
The regiment first, in 1860, rented the Burnbank
ground in the Great Western Road, and, in the years
1866-7, erected a drill-hall on it at a cost of £1250.
When this ground became built over, it erected new
\st Lanarkshire Volunteer Rifle Corps. 22"j
headquarters at 261 West Princes Street, at a cost of
£16,000, and acquired a new drill-ground at Yorkhill.
Its first regimental shooting-range was at Possil, near
Cowlairs, up to 900 yards, which it held in conjunction
with the 19 th Lanark Rifles and 1st Lanark Engineers,
but this was closed in 1885, and in the following year
a new range up to 1000 yards, at Darnley, which it
held in conjunction with the 3rd Lanark V.R.C., was
taken into use.
The lieutenant - colonels commandant and lieutenant-
colonels commanding battalions have been —
Sir Archibald Islay Campbell, Bart, of Garscube, Lieut.-Colonel
Commandant, March 6, 1860.
Sir George Campbell, Bart, of Garscube, late 1st Dragoons, Lieut.-
Colonel Commandant, November 3, 1866.
Kuthven Campbell Todd (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel Commandant,
May 4, 1874.
Joseph Newbigging Smith (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel Commandant,
February 9, 1881.
Robert Easton Aitken, Lieut.-Colonel, December 3, 1881.
James A. Eeid, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, March 3, 1888,
Lieut.-Colonel Commandant, January 11, 1890.
Thomas A. Paul, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, February 8, 1890
till 1899.
H. A. Ker, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut-Colonel, February 22, 1899 till
1902.
John Macfarlane, M.V.O., V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, June 11,
1902, Lieut-Colonel Commandant, February 21, 1903.
John A. Roxburgh, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, March 21,
1903, Lieut.-Colonel Commandant, March 31, 1906.
William A. Smith, V.D., Lieut.-Colonel, May 19, 1906.
228 Records of the Several Corps.
2nd VOLUNTEEB BATTALION, THE CAMEB-
ONIANS (SCOTTISH BIFLES).
Regimental District, No. 26.
(Plate XXI.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 112.
Honorary Colonel — A. D. Duke of Hamilton and Brandon,
November 6, 1895.
Headquarters — Hamilton.
The " 3rd Battalion Lanarkshire Bifle Volunteers " ap-
pears for the first time in the June 1860 Army List
as formed on May 8, 1860, and composed of the
42nd, 44th, 56th, and 57th Corps, and to these were
added in June the 16th and 52nd Corps. In March
1861 the battalion became the 1st Administrative
Battalion Lanarkshire Bifle Volunteers, with head-
quarters at Hamilton. The dates of acceptance of
services and of commissioning of officers are given in
Appendix C for the several corps, and the following
were their composition and uniform : —
16th Corps, Hamilton, one company, originally self-supporting.
Uniform — dark green, with black braid.
42nd Corps, Uddingston, one company, partly self-supporting,
partly assisted by subscriptions. Uniform — medium grey,
facings blue, brown belts.
44th Corps, Blantyre, one company, raised amongst the workers
of Messrs Henry Monteith & Co., and assisted by the firm's
subscriptions. Uniform — medium grey, facings blue, brown
belts.
52nd Corps, Hamilton, one company, artisans, assisted by local
subscriptions. Uniform — dark green, with black braid.
56th Corps, Bothwell, one company, partly self-supporting,
partly assisted. Uniform — medium grey, facings blue,
brown belts.
57th Corps, Wishaw, one company, partly self-supporting, partly
assisted. Uniform — grey, facings scarlet, brown belts.
2nd Volunteer Battalion, Scottish Rifles. 229
Soon after the formation of the 1st Administrative
Battalion, in 1862-3, a uniform of 60th Rifles pattern
— rifle-green, with scarlet facings and piping, green
shakos with black ball -tuft, and black belts — was
adopted, busbies with black and red plumes replacing
the shakos in 1872.
In 1867 the 102nd (Motherwell) and 103rd (East
Kilbride) Corps, of one company each, were raised and
added to the battalion, in 1872 the 57th (Wishaw)
Corps was increased to a strength of two companies,
and in October 1873 the 106th (Strathaven) Corps, of
one company, was raised and added.
In November 1873 the battalion was consolidated
as the 16th Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers (renumbered
the 2nd L.R.V., in June 1880), with headquarters at
Hamilton, and 10 companies lettered as follows : —
A and B, Hamilton (late 16th and
52nd).
C, Uddingston (late 42nd).
D, Strathaven (late 106th).
E, Bothwell (late 56th).
F and G, Wishaw (late 57th).
H, Motherwell (late 102nd).
I, Blantyre (late 44th and 103rd).
K, Motherwell (newly formed).
The scarlet facings were changed to rifle-green, with
light green piping and Austrian knot, in 1876, and in
the following year the battalion adopted a uniform of
scarlet tunics, with blue trousers, facings, and Austrian
knots, glengarries with red and white diced border, and
white belts. Blue helmets with silver ornaments re-
placed the glengarries for full dress in 1881, in which
year black leggings were adopted, and in 1891 brown
leather equipment and leggings were obtained.
In 1892 a new company was raised at Larkhall, and
lettered D, the existing D and K companies being
combined as K, with headquarters at Strathaven ; but
in 1904 K was changed back to Motherwell, and D
formed of half a company at Larkhall and half at
Strathaven. L (Cyclist) company, with headquarters
at Hamilton, was formed in 1899.
230 Records of the Several Corps.
The battalion assumed the title of 2nd Volunteer
Battalion, Scottish Rifles, in accordance with General
Order 181 of 1st December 1887, and its companies
had since 1904 their headquarters at : A, B, and L,
Hamilton ; C, Uddingston ; D, Larkhall, Strathaven ;
E, Both well; F, Wishaw; G, Newmains, nearWishaw;
H and K, Motherwell ; I, Blantyre. On 6th May 1902
it was authorised to wear, as its sole uniform, a drab
service dress, with green Austrian knot and piping on
the trousers, brown belts and leggings, and drab felt
hats turned up on the left side and fastened with a
piece of Douglas tartan and the badge of the Scottish
Rifles. Officers wore in full dress the uniform of the
Scottish Rifles.
During the war in South Africa the battalion
furnished in all 132 of its members for active service.
To the 1st Volunteer Service Company of the Scottish
Rifles it contributed 28 non-commissioned officers and
men, with a reinforcing draft of Lieut. E. J. Heilbron
and 10 men, to the 2nd Company, 39, and to the
3rd, 28 non-commissioned officers and men. Six men
served in the Scottish Volunteer Cyclist Company, 12
with the Imperial Yeomanry, and the remainder with
other corps. Privates J. Young and J. Muir, and
Cyclist W. Gordon, died of disease.
The battalion headquarters, drill-hall, &c, were in
Hamilton, close to the Depot Barracks. Its central
rifle-range, up to 600 yards, was at Cadzow, \\ mile
from Hamilton, and there were three local ranges for
the use of D, F, and G Companies.
The lieutenant -colonels commanding the battalion
have been —
Sam. Simpson, September 10, 1860.
J. Eeid, August 23, 1869.
John Austine, April 10, 1875.
t£
3rd Lanarkshire Volunteer Rifle Corps. 231
Eobt. E. S. Harington-Stuart, late Captain Eifle Brigade, V.D.
(hon. col), May 21, 1879.
Geo. Walker, V.D. (hon. col.), May 29, 1895.
Jas. Scott, V.D. (hon. col.), April 22, 1899.
Thos. B. Ealston, V.D. (hon. col.), June 13, 1903.
3rd LANARKSHIRE VOLUNTEER RIFLE
CORPS.
Regimental District, No. 26.
(Plate XXI.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence, 113.
Honorary Colonel — Sir J. M. Stirling-Maxwell, Bart., January 13, 1894.
Headquarters — Victoria Road, Glasgow.
The 3rd Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers first appear as a
consolidated battalion (dating from 8th August 1860)
in the November 1860 Army List, where it was shown
as seven companies strong, formed by the 3rd, 10th,
14th, 22nd, 54th, 82nd, and 87th Corps. An eighth
company was raised to complete the battalion, and is
shown in the December 1860 Army List. In this
corps also were absorbed what remained of the 78th
Lanark Rifle Volunteers, or " Old Guard of Glasgow,"
concerning which see page 5.
The dates of acceptance of services and of com-
missioning of officers of the various original corps are
given in Appendix C. Each was one company strong,
and their compositions were : —
3rd Corps (Glasgow, 1st Southern) and 10th Corps (Glasgow,
2nd Southern) were raised in Glasgow, south of the Clyde,
and were well endowed, £2000 having been raised in sub-
232 Records of the Several Corps.
scriptions for their equipment in the years 1859 and 1860,
and the members paying for their uniforms and contributing
an annual subscription. The 10th was an overflow company
of the 3rd. The uniform of both was dark grey, without
facings and with black braid, black piping on the trousers,
dark grey caps with black braid, and black pouch- and
waist-belts. The badges were a lion rampant on the cap
and pouch-belt, and the arms of Glasgow on the clasp of
the waist-belt.
14th Corps (South- Western) was partially self-supporting and
partially equipped from subscriptions.
22nd Corps was raised chiefly among the workers of Messrs
Cogan's spinning factory, and was liberally assisted by that
firm.
54th and 82nd Corps were formed of total abstainers, the latter
being of artisans, and receiving aid from the Glasgow
Central Fund.
87th Corps was mainly formed out of the employes of Messrs
Inglis & Wakefield's at Busby.
The eighth Company (which never received a county number) was
recruited from the workmen of the Etna Foundry Company.
In 1861 the uniform of the consolidated 3rd Lanark
became Elcho grey, with green facings and piping,
light grey soft caps with green piping and straight
peak, and brown belts. In 1864, scarlet tunics with
blue collars and cuffs, the latter with an upright patch
and three bars of white lace, blue trousers, blue shakos
with red and white ball-tuft, and white belts, became
the uniform.
The establishment was raised to twelve companies in
1877, and in 1902 a thirteenth (cyclist) company was
formed, but with these exceptions no changes in forma-
tion were made during the existence of the corps.
The uniform also varied but little. In March 1878
blue helmets with silver ornaments replaced the shakos,
the cuff was changed to a pointed pattern with a white
crow's-foot of braid, and black leggings, dark grey
2>rd Lanarkshire Volunteer Rifle Corps. 233
greatcoats, and white haversacks, were issued. In
1891 brown ("Simplex") equipment replaced the
white belts, and on July 12, 1902, as undress, a drab
service dress, with green piping on the trousers, drab
putties, and a brown felt hat. was authorised.
During the South African War the 3rd Lanark sent
a total of 98 of its members on active service. Of
these Lieutenant G. W. S. Clark and 31 men served
with the 1st, Lieutenant J. B. Wilson and 25 men
(of whom Private H. Burton died of disease) with the
2nd, and 4 men with the 3rd Volunteer Service Com-
pany of the Scottish Bifles. Two men served with the
Scottish Volunteer (Cyclist) Company, and the others
with various units.
The headquarters of the corps in Victoria Boad,
Glasgow, were new and commodious, comprising drill-
hall, lecture-rooms, stores, armoury, &c. The corps
recruited mainly from the South Side of Glasgow, and
shared the range at Darnley with the 1st Lanark
V.B.C. The 3rd always bore a high reputation for
shooting, and two of its members gained the Queen's
Prize at the National Bifle Association Meeting —
Private Bennie in 1894 and Lieutenant Yates in 1898.
The lieutenant -colonels (commandant since 1877)
have been —
David Dreghorn, August 28, 1860.
Wm. S. Dixon, October 27, 1863.
H. E. C. Ewing, May 3, 1865.
Jas. Merry (hon. col.), August 8, 1877.
H. J. M'Dowall, March 9, 1889.
Hugh Morton, V.D., September 19, 1894.
Eobert Howie, V.D. (hon. col.), February 13, 1901.
John B. Wilson, V.D. (hon. col.), May 10, 1905.
234 Records of the Several Corps.
4th VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE CAMER-
ONIANS (SCOTTISH RIFLES).
Regimental District, No. 26.
(Plate XXII.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 114.
Honorary Colonel — W. R. Maxwell, V.D., February 27, 1904.
Headquarters— -149 Cathedral Street, Glasgow.
By the 'London Gazette' of January 3, 1860, the
4th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 12th, and 13th Lanarkshire
Rifle Volunteer Corps were formed, with effect from
December 12, 1859, into the 4th Lanarkshire (Glasgow
1st Northern) Rifle Volunteer Corps, Lieut. -Colonel
Tennant being gazetted to the command as from De-
cember 23, 1859. This was the first consolidated
battalion formed out of the Lanarkshire corps. The
companies were lettered in their proper order "A" to
"F," and in July 1861 the 60th, 61st, and 93rd Lan-
arkshire, all Highland kilted corps, were added to the
battalion as "G" "H" and "I" companies, thus
bringing its strength up to nine companies, at which
establishment it always remained, although one of the
companies was in 1900 converted into a cyclist com-
pany. The dates of acceptance of services, &c, of these
original corps are given in Appendix C. Their compos-
ition and uniforms were as follows : —
4th Corps (Glasgow, 1st Northern), a purely self-supporting corps,
raised on the same principles as the 1st Lanark. Its uniform
was dark grey, with green facings and black cord lace (five
rows on the breast), dark grey caps, and black belts.
6th, 7th, and 8th Corps. Purely artisan corps, the members con-
tributing £1 each to the funds, and the remainder being
raised by public subscription, helped by the Central Com-
mittee for Glasgow. The uniform was dark grey for all, the
\th Volunteer Battalion, Scottish Rifles. 235
6th Corps having four rows of black braid on the breast of
the tunic, grey shakos, cock's plumes, and black belts.
12th Corps (North-Eastern), a corps formed from the employe's
of Tennant's Wellpark Brewery, was partly self-supporting,
and partly artisans as in the 6th, 7th, and 8th Corps.
Uniform as for the latter.
13th Corps, an artisan corps raised in the St Eollox district on
the same principles as the 6th, 7th, and 8th. Uniform as
for the latter.
60th Corps (Glasgow, 1st Highland), an entirely self-supporting
corps of Highlanders resident in Glasgow. The uniform was
dark green doublets, with red piping and four rows of black
braid on the breast, Celtic Society's tartan kilts, sporrans
white with six black tassels for officers, grey goatskin with
six black tassels for other ranks, black and green diced hose,
plain blue glengarries, and black belts. Highland brogues,
without spats, were worn.
61st Corps (Glasgow, 2nd Highland), an artisan corps, assisted
from the Central Fund. The uniform was the same as that
of the 60th.
93rd Corps (Glasgow, Highland Eifle Eangers), an entirely self-
supporting corps, like the 60th. The uniform was the same,
but with red and white diced hose.
In 1863 the corps assumed for the A to F companies
scarlet tunics with green collars and cuffs, the latter
with an upright patch and three bars of white lace,
42nd tartan trews, blue shakos with red-and-white ball-
tuft, and white belts. G to I companies had scarlet
doublets with green facings (as on the tunics), 42nd
tartan kilts, white sporrans with three black tails, green-
and-black diced hose, white spats, plain blue glengar-
ries with blackcock's tail, and white belts. In 1868,
when the 105th Lanark (Glasgow Highlanders) was
raised, 187 men of G to I companies were transferred
to it, and these latter, having lost their distinctively
Highland character, were clothed in tunics and trews
like the rest of the battalion. In 1876 blue trousers
236 Records of the Several Corps.
replaced the tartan trews, and in 1878 the shakos were
exchanged for helmets, a green Austrian knot was
added to the cuff, which became pointed, and dark
grey greatcoats and black leggings were introduced.
In 1887, by General Order 181 of December 1, the
battalion was entitled the 4th Volunteer Battalion,
Scottish Rifles.
During the South African War the battalion con-
tributed 73 of its members for service in the field. Of
these, Captain J. B. Young and 31 non-commissioned
officers and men joined the 1st, Lieutenant H. M.
Hannan and 28 non-commissioned officers and men
the 2nd, and 3 men the 3rd Volunteer Service Com-
pany of the Scottish Rifles, the remainder serving in
various corps. Of the 1st Service Company, Privates
W. M'Laren and J. Murray died of disease.
In April 1904 a drab service dress with scarlet pip-
ing on the trousers, grey putties, a brown felt hat
turned up on the left side, with the Scottish Rifle
badge and a black plume, and brown leather equipment
was authorised as the sole uniform for the battalion.
The officers alone wore the Scottish Rifle uniform in
full and mess dress.
The battalion had its own headquarters and drill-
hall at 149 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, and its own
rifle-range up to 800 yards at Flemington.
The following is the list of lieutenant-colonels com-
manding the battalion : —
John Tennant, December 23, 1859.
Jas. Fyfe Jamieson, April 15, 1863.
Henry M. Hannan, March 18, 1874.
Alexander Mein (hon. col.), March 22, 1884.
Warden R. Maxwell, V.D. (hon. col.), January 26, 1889.
J. F. Newlands, V.D., December 12, 1894.
Frederick J. Smith, V.D. (hon. col.), January 2, 1901.
$th Volunteer Battalion, Scottish Rifles. 237
5th VOLUNTEEE BATTALION, THE CAMER-
ONIANS (SCOTTISH RIFLES).
(Plate XXIII.)
Disbanded on April 1, 1897.
On May 14, 1862, the 4th Administrative Battalion,
Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, with headquarters at
Airdrie, was formed from the 29th, 32nd, 43rd, 48th,
and 95 th Corps of Lanark Rifle Volunteers, of one com-
pany each. The 48th was increased to two com-
panies on November 28, 1863, and the battalion thus
brought up to six-company strength, entitling it to a
lieutenant-colonel to command. The dates of forma-
tion, &c, of these corps are given in Appendix C.
Their composition and uniforms were as follows : —
29th Corps, Coatbridge, a town corps, generally recruited, and
supported by local subscriptions. Uniform — dark grey with
black braid, green facings, dark grey cap with peak, black
pouch and waist-belts.
32nd Corps, Summerlee, recruited from the workmen of Messrs
Neilson's Iron Works. Uniform — dark grey.
43rd Corps, Gartsherrie, raised among the workmen of Messrs
W. Baird & Co.'s Iron Works. Uniform — medium grey
with black facings.
48th Corps, Airdrie, a town corps, locally supported. Uniform
— dark grey with green cuffs and collar, black braid, and
red piping on the trousers, grey cap with green band and
plume, and black belts.
95th Corps, Bailliestown, a town corps, locally supported. Uni-
form, dark grey with green facings, cap with peak and ball-
tuft, and black belts.
In 1863 the whole battalion adopted a uniform of
dark grey tunics and knickerbockers, with black braid
238 Records of the Several Corps.
and without facings, dark grey shakos with black ball-
tuft, black belts, and black leggings.
The battalion rapidly increased in numbers. In
1865 four corps of a company each — the 97th (second
of that number in Lanarkshire, see Appendix C) at
Woodhead, the 98th at Gartness, recruited from the
Calderbank Iron Works and the Chapelhall Iron and
Steel Works, the 99th at Clarkston (transferred in 1866
to Caldercruix, Airdrie), and the 100th at Calderbank
(transferred also in 1866 to Caldercruix) — were raised
and added to the battalion, followed in 1866 by the
101st at Newarthill, and in 1868 by the 104th at
Holytown, Bellshill, recruited from Messrs Neilson's
Mossend Works, thus bringing the total strength up to
twelve companies. The headquarters of the 98th were
changed in 1869 from Gartness to Wattstown, of the
97th in 1871 from Woodhead to Coltbridge, and of the
43rd in 1872 from Gartsherrie to Shotts.
In May 1871 the uniform of the battalion was
changed to dark grey Norfolk jackets without facings,
with light green piping on the collar and light green
Austrian knot, Breadalbane tartan trews, black busbies
with black and light green plumes, and black belts ;
and on September 19, 1873, the battalion was consoli-
dated as the 29th Lanark Rifle Volunteers, with head-
quarters at Airdrie and twelve companies, lettered as
follows : —
A, Coatbridge (late 29th).
B, Airdrie (late 32nd and
48th).
C, Shotts (late 43rd).
D, Airdrie (late 2nd of 48th).
E, Bailliestown (late 95th).
F, Coatbridge (late 97th).
G, Greengairs, near Gartness (late
98th).
H, Clarkston (late 99th).
I, Calderbank (late^OOth).
K, Newarthill (late 101st).
L, Bellshill (late 104th).
M, Harthill and Benhar (overflow of
100th).
In 1875 a new company was formed at Cheyston
and lettered " F," the former "F" being joined to
$th Volunteer Battalion the Cameronians. 239
"E," and the headquarters of "E" transferred to
Coatbridge. Numbers now began to fall off, and on
October 4, 1877, the establishment of the battalion
was reduced to eight companies, as under —
A, Coatbridge (late A).
B, Airdrie (late B).
C, Shotts (late C and M).
D, Airdrie (late D and L).
E, Coatbridge (late E).
F, Cheyston (late F).
G, Caldercruix (late G and H).
H, Newarthill (late I and K).
In March 1879 scarlet tunics with yellow collar-
patches and cuffs and blue Austrian knot, blue
trousers and helmets, and white belts became the
uniform. In 1887, by General Order 181 of December
1, the corps became the 5th Volunteer Battalion, The
Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), and on April 1, 1897,
in consequence of strictures passed upon its discipline
by the officer commanding 26th - 71st Regimental
District, it was disbanded.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding were —
W. W. Hozier, late 2nd Dragoons — Major, May 19, 1862 ; Lieut. -
Colonel, January 8, 1864.
Thos. Jackson, June 20, 1874.
Peter Forrest, November 23, 1878.
J. C. Forrest, August 6, 1887.
Peter Forrest (for the second time), May 12, 1894, to end of 1895.
240 Records of the Several Corps.
1st (CITY OF DUNDEE) VOLUNTEER BAT-
TALION, THE BLACK WATCH (ROYAL
HIGHLANDERS).
Regimental District, No. 42.
(Plate XXIV.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence, 171.
Honorary Colonel — The Lord Provost of Dundee for the time being.
Headquarters — Albany Quarters, Dundee.
The first public meeting which led to the formation
of the 1st Forfarshire Rifle Volunteers was held in
Dundee on May 20, 1859, and drill began in the fol-
lowing month, although the services of the corps were
not formally accepted until November. The officers
were first commissioned on November 15, 1859, and
the corps had an establishment of five companies. Two
more were raised on February 17, and one on April 10,
1860, making eight in all, which continued to be the
establishment of the battalion until 1900.
The original uniform of the corps was dark grey
with five rows of black lace on the tunic and black
stripes on the trousers, dark grey shakos with a plume
of cock's feathers (replaced in 1860 by a black ball-
tuft), and black belts. In 1861 a red Garibaldi shirt
was adopted, and in 1862 the uniform was changed
to scarlet tunics with blue facings and white Austrian
knot, blue trousers, blue shakos with red, white, and
blue diced band, black lace, and black ball - tuft
(Highland Light Infantry pattern), and brown belts.
In 1877 the Austrian knot on the sleeve was changed
to blue, and busbies with blue plumes replaced the
shakos. In 1881 helmets replaced the busbies, and in
1902 the black leggings hitherto worn were abolished,
S 8.
ist Volunteer Battalion the Black Watch. 241
and (on December 9) a drab service dress with scarlet
piping on the trousers, a field service cap, and drab
puttees, were authorised. In 1904 the Austrian
knot was removed from the tunic, and sashes were
permitted to be worn by officers and Serjeants.
In 1887, by General Order 181 of December 1, the
corps assumed the title of 1st (Dundee) Volunteer
Battalion, The Black Watch, but on February 2, 1889,
"City of Dundee" was substituted for the word
" Dundee."
During the war in South Africa, in 1900 the
establishment of the battalion was increased to ten
companies, of which one was a cyclist company, and
it sent 4 officers (Captain A. Valentine, Lieutenants
E. Tosh, A. B. Corrie, and C. E. C. Walker) and 66
men to the three volunteer service companies of the
2nd Black Watch, 97 members of the battalion in
all serving actively during the war.
The headquarters and drill - hall of the battalion
were, along with those of the other Dundee corps,
in the Albany Quarters, Bell Street, Dundee, and its
rifle-range, up to 600 yards, was at Monifieth Links,
1\ miles from Dundee.
From 1902 to 1906 the battalion formed part of the
34th Field Army Brigade, and trained in camp for
thirteen clear days annually.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
Sir John Ogilvy, Bart., July 28, 1860.
G. L. Alison, October 10, 1865.
P. Anderson, January 10, 1870.
Peter Geddes Walker, April 22, 1874.
William E. Morrison (hon. col.), March 26, 1879.
George Mitchell (hon. col.), March 9, 1888.
James Rankin, V.D. (hon. col.), June 6, 1891.
Howard Hill, V.D. (hon. col.), March 13, 1901.
Q
242 Records of the Several Corps,
2nd (ANGUS) VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE
BLACK WATCH (ROYAL HIGHLANDERS).
Regimental District, No. 42.
(Plate XXV.)
" South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence, 172.
Honorary Colonel — C. G. Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne,
October 22, 1904.
Headquarters — Arbroath.
On May 3, 1861, the rifle corps existing in the county
of Forfar, outside of the city of Dundee, were formed
into two administrative battalions, the 1st (locally called
the "Eastern"), with headquarters at Montrose, com-
prising the 3rd (Arbroath, two companies), 5th (Mon-
trose, two companies), 7th (Brechin, one company),
and subsequently (on June 4) the 13th (Friockheim,
one company) ; and the 2nd (locally called the
"Western"), with headquarters at Forfar, composed
of the 2nd (Forfar, two companies), 8th (Newtyle,
one company), 9th (Glamis, one company), 11th
(Tannadice, one subdivision), 12th (Kirriemuir, one
company), and subsequently (on August 16, 1865)
the 15th (Cortachy, one company) Corps of Forfarshire
Rifle Volunteers. The dates of formation of these
companies are given in Appendix B, and their uni-
forms, so far as known, were as follows : —
2nd Corps, Forfar, Elcho grey.
3rd Corps, Arbroath, dark grey uniforms with black facings and
plumed shakos, and badge of portcullis and abbot's head.
5th Corps, Montrose, steel grey uniforms with black facings and
five rows of black braid on the breast of the tunic, grey caps
with black braid, and black belts.
7th Corps, Brechin, light grey.
2nd Volunteer Battalion the Black JVatch. 243
8th Corps, Newtyle, grey, with black facings.
9th Corps, Glamis, Elcho grey.
11th Corps, Tannadice, unknown.
12th Corps, Kirriemuir, Elcho grey.
13th Corps, Friockheim, unknown.
In 1864 the uniform of both battalions was changed
to scarlet tunics with blue facings and white Austrian
knot, blue trousers, blue caps with red band, blue ball-
tuft, and silver star badge, and brown belts. In 1872
the officers adopted shakos the same as those then
worn by the 1st Forfar (1st V.B. Black Watch), other
ranks wearing only glengarries with red, white, and
blue diced border, and the same badge as formerly on
the caps.
In 1864 the 3rd Corps was increased to four com-
panies, and in 1865 the 7th to two; but in 1869 the
11th and in 1872 the 15th Corps were disbanded. The
2nd Battalion being, by the loss of those two latter
companies, reduced to five companies, was in 1874
amalgamated with the 1st Battalion, which then took
the title "1st Administrative Battalion Forfarshire,
or Angus, Bine Volunteers," with headquarters at
Friockheim by Arbroath, and consisting of the 2nd,
3rd, 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 12th, and 13th Corps— in all,
fourteen companies.
In March 1880 the battalion was consolidated as the
2nd Forfar, or Angus, Rifle Volunteers, headquarters
at Friockheim, the fourteen companies being lettered
in succession of corps ; and on October 31, 1882, it was
authorised to wear the uniform of the Black Watch,
but with plain glengarries and trews, the title
" Angus " being borne on the shoulder-straps, and the
brown leather belts continuing to be worn. This
uniform was till 1908 regulation for the battalion,,
Serjeants only wearing sashes.
244 Records of the Several Corps.
In 1887 (General Order 181 of December 1) the
battalion assumed the title of 2nd (Angus) Volunteer
Battalion, The Black Watch, and soon afterwards
headquarters were removed to Arbroath. In 1894 the
fourth company at Arbroath was broken up and the
companies at Newtyle and Glamis amalgamated, the
twelve companies remaining being re-lettered : A and
B, Forfar (late 2nd Corps); C, D, and E, Arbroath
(late 3rd); F and G, Montrose (late 5th); H and I,
Brechin (late 7th) ; K, Newtyle and Glamis (late 8th
and 9th); L, Kirriemuir (late 12th); and M, Friock-
heim (late 13th), which was the distribution of the
battalion till 1908.
During the war in South Africa, the Angus battalion
sent out 2 officers (Captains — hon. majors — J. Buyers,
V.D., and R. H. Millar, V.D., who commanded the 1st
Service Company) and 54 other ranks to join the
volunteer service companies of the Black Watch, and
in all 72 members of the battalion served actively in
the field.
There was a drill-hall at each of the out-stations, and
the battalion had commodious headquarters and drill-
hall at Arbroath. It possessed eight separate rifle-
ranges in the vicinities of company headquarters.
The officers commanding have been —
ILieut.-Colonel Thos. Kenny Tailyour, late Major
Bengal Engineers, June 4, 1861.
Lieut.-Colonel Jas. Alex. Dickson, September 25,
1868.
Lieut.-Colonel John Kinloch, late Colonel on the
Staff, May 3, 1861.
2nd Adm. Bn.,J Lieut.-Colonel the Earl of Airlie, March 14,
1861-74. 1865.
Lieut-Colonel G. H. Dempster, July 6, 1868.
Major A. Black, November 20, 1872.
2>rd Volunteer Battalion the Black Watch. 245
1st Adm. Bn., J Lieut-Colonel Commandant J. A. Dickson (from
1874-88. \ 1st Bn.), 1874.
Lieut.-Colonel Commandant Hon. Francis Bowes-Lyon, January
14, 1888.
Lieut.-Colonel Commandant Wm. Alex. Gordon, V.D. (hon. col.),
May 4, 1892.
Lieut.-Colonel Commandant Alex. M'Hardy, V.D. (hon. col.),
September 9, 1903.
Lieut. - Colonel Commandant James Davidson, V.D. (hon. coL),
September 3, 1904.
3rd (DUNDEE HIGHLAND) VOLUNTEEE BAT-
TALION, THE BLACK WATCH (ROYAL
HIGHLANDERS).
Regimental District, No. 42.
(Plate XXV.)
" South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence, 173.
Honorary Colonel— Field-Marshal F. S. Earl Roberts, K.G., K.P., G.C.B.,
O.M., G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., September 19, 1903.
Headquarters — The Albany Quarters, Dundee.
On April 10, 1860, there was raised at Dundee the
10th, and on June 14, 1861, the 14th Forfarshire
Rifle Volunteers, each one company strong, and from
October 1861 both were attached to the 1st Forfarshire
Rifle Volunteers. The original uniform of the 10 th
was dark grey jackets with black facings, 42nd tartan
kilt and belted plaid, green-and-black diced hose, glen-
garry, and black belts with silver ornaments and badges,
and that of the 14th is said to have been the same.
In 1862 the uniform of both corps was changed to scarlet
doublets with blue facings, 42nd tartan kilts and belted
246 Records of the Several Corps.
plaids, white sporrans with two black tails, red-and-
black diced hose, white spats, glengarries with red,
white, and blue diced border, and white belts.
On June 29, 1867, the two corps were increased
to two companies each ; and on September 24, 1868,
they were amalgamated as the 10th Forfar (Dundee
Highland) Rifle Volunteers, with an establishment of
six companies. In March 1880 the battalion was
re-numbered 3rd Forfar, in 1887 (General Order 181
of December 1) it assumed the title of 3rd (Dundee
Highland) Volunteer Battalion, The Black Watch,
and in 1900 the establishment was raised to eight
companies. In 1882 the kilt was replaced by trews
of Black Watch tartan, with which the white spats
continued to be worn, and helmets were introduced,
but the latter were abolished in 1887 and replaced
by the plain blue glengarry of the regular battalions.
Sashes for Serjeants were authorised later.
During the Boer War no fewer than 176 members
of this battalion served in one capacity or another
in South Africa, of whom 2 officers (Captains H. K.
Smith and W. B. Smith) and 73 men served in the
volunteer service companies of the Black Watch.
Captain H. K. Smith was wounded at Retief s Nek
on July 23, 1900.
The headquarters and drill-hall were, along with
those of other Dundee corps, at the Albany Quarters,
Bell Street, Dundee, and the battalion used for its
musketry the War Department range at Barry Links.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
David Guthrie of Carlogie, September 24, 1868.
Eobert Lamb, February 4, 1880.
Eobert N. Keid, July 22, 1882.
William Smith, V.D. (hon. col.), November 27, 1886.
Charles Batchelor, V.D., May 19, 1906.
\th Volunteer Battalion the Black Watch. 247
4th (PERTHSHIRE) VOLUNTEER BATTALION,
THE BLACK WATCH (ROYAL HIGH-
LANDERS).
Regimental District, No. 42.
(Plate XXVI.)
" South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 185.
Honorary Colonel — David E. Williamson of Lawers, V.D., late Ensign
and Lieutenant Coldstream Guards, July 9, 1879.
Headquarters — Perth.
The 1st Administrative Battalion, Perthshire Rifle
"Volunteers, with headquarters at Perth, was formed
on November 20, 1860, and to it then, or on the
date on which they were subsequently raised, the
following corps of Perthshire Rifle Volunteers were
attached : —
1st, Perth, raised December 13, 1859, as one company.
2nd, Perth, raised December 13, 1859, as one company.
Of these corps the 1st was composed of "citizens," the
2nd of "artisans," and they were amalgamated as the 1st
Perthshire Corps, of two companies, in June 1860. The
uniform was medium grey hooked tunics and trousers, with
scarlet collars and cuffs and black braid, grey peaked caps
with scarlet bands and the arms of Perth, and black pouch-
and waist-belts.
5th, Blairgowrie, raised March 16, 1860, as one company. Uni-
form, dark grey with red facings.
6th, Dunblane, services accepted December 13, 1859, officers
commissioned May 3, 1860, as one company. Uniform,
as for the 1st Perth, but with brown belts.
7th, Coupar-Angus, raised May 5, 1860, as one company. Uni-
form, dark grey with red facings.
8th, Crieff, raised May 5, 1860, as one company. Uniform, as
for the 1st Perth, with black belts, and with the Ochtertyre
badge in silver on the caps.
248 Records of the Several Corps.
9th, Alyth, raised May 26, 1860, as one company. Uniform —
dark grey with red facings.
11th, Doune, raised May 26, 1860, as one company. Uniform —
as for the 1st Perth, with a bugle badge on the caps.
12th, Callander, raised May 26, 1860, as one subdivision. Dis-
banded in 1865.
13th, St Martins, raised August 22, 1860, as one company. Uni-
form— dark grey doublets with scarlet facings, JMacdonald
tartan kilts, plain glengarries, and black belts.
14th, Birnam, raised November 10, 1860, as one company. Uni-
form— dark grey doublets with scarlet facings, Eoyal Stuart
tartan kilts, plain glengarries, and black belts.
15th, Auchterarder, raised December 4, 1860, as one company.
Uniform — light grey tunics and trousers with scarlet facings,
low grey shakos, and brown belts.
16th, Stanley, raised January 21, 1861, as one company. Dis-
banded in 1864.
17th, Bridge of Earn, formed in April 1863 as one subdivision,
and disbanded in June 1863. No officers were appointed
to it.
18th (Highland), Perth, raised May 8, 1863, as one company.
Uniform — dark grey doublets with scarlet cuffs and collars
and four rows of black lace across the breast, Atholl
(Murray) tartan trews, plain glengarries with blackcock's
tail, and black pouch- and waist-belts.
19th (Highland), Crieff, services accepted as one company
December 7, 1868, officers commissioned December 11,
1868. Uniform — dark green doublets with Eoyal Stuart
tartan kilts and plaids, red - and - green diced hose, and
Balmoral bonnets with feather. Absorbed in the 8th
Corps in 1878.
In 1868 a general uniform was adopted for the
battalion, consisting of dark grey buttoned tunics and
trousers with scarlet facings and piping, dark blue
shakos with red, white, and blue diced borders, bugle
badge, and ball-tuft black below and red above, and
black belts; but the 13th, 14th, and 19th Corps con-
tinued to wear their Highland dress, and the 18 th
tfh Volunteer Battalion the Black Watch. 249
only modified theirs in so far as to adopt the shako,
but with a ball- tuft red below and white above. The
8 th Corps was permitted to wear the same uniform
as the 18th, but with Black Watch trews.
In 1869 the 5th, 7th, 9th, 13th, and 14th Corps
were transferred to the 2nd Administrative Battalion
(see 5th Volunteer Battalion), and as the 12th Corps
had been disbanded in 1865 and the 16th in 1864,
and the 17th had only lasted two months, the 1st
Battalion was left composed of the 1st, 6th, 8th, 11th,
15th, 18th, and 19th Corps, with in all eight com-
panies. In July 1875 a 21st Corps, of one company,
was raised at Comrie, but it was disbanded in March
1876, and in 1878 the 19th Corps was amalgamated
with the 8th. In 1878 a busby, with a black-and-red
plume and bugle badge, was adopted by the whole
battalion.
On March 13, 1880, the battalion was consolidated
as the 1st Perthshire Rifle Volunteers, headquarters
at Perth, with seven companies, lettered A and B,
Perth (late 1st Corps); C, Dunblane (late 6th); D,
Crieff (late 8th); E, Doune (late 11th); F, Auchter-
arder (late 15th); and G, Perth (late 18th); and on
April 24, 1883, authority was given for the adoption
by the battalion of the uniform of the Black Watch
— scarlet doublets with blue facings, trews with
brown leggings, plain glengarries, and white belts.
On March 21, 1885, the battalion was increased to
eight companies by the formation of " H " Company
at Bridge of Allan, and in 1887, by General Order 181
of December 1, the battalion became the 4th Volun-
teer Battalion, The Black Watch.
During the South African War the battalion con-
tributed 22 men to the 1st, Captain R. M. Christie
and 17 men to the 2nd, and 6 men to the 3rd
250 Records of the Several Corps.
Volunteer Service Company of the Black Watch, all
three of which were attached to the 2nd Battalion.
In all, 2 officers (including Surgeon-Major R. Stirling,
M.D., who was mentioned in despatches November 29,
1900) and 72 members of the battalion took part in
the war, and Sergeant J. B. Deas and Private J.
Chalmers, both of "A" Company, were killed in action.
Recruiting became very brisk at home, " I " and " K "
Companies being raised at Perth under War Office
authority of March 17, 1900, and "L" (Cyclist) Com-
pany, also at Perth, under that of May 26, 1900 ;
but after the war it was found impossible to maintain
them, and "I" Company was reduced in 1902 and
"K" and "L" in 1905, thus leaving the battalion
with eight companies, including a cyclist section.
On October 17, 1901, Black Watch kilts with red-
and-black diced hose, white spats, and white sporrans
with five black tassels were introduced, sashes for
Serjeants being at the same time authorised.
Battalion headquarters, with drill-hall, were in Tay
Street, Perth, and six rifle-ranges at the headquarters
of companies served the battalion.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
Sir William Keith Murray, Bart, of Ochtertyre, late Captain
42nd Foot, November 20, 1860.
George, 6th Duke of Atholl, late Lieutenant 2nd Dragoons,
November 22, 1861.
James Wedderburn Ogilvy of Eannagulzion, late Captain 25th
Toot, March 7, 1864.
David K. Williamson of Lawers, late Ensign and Lieutenant
Coldstream Guards, July 23, 1873.
William C. Colquhoun of Clathick, late 15th Foot, August 16,
1879.
Patrick Stirling of Kippendavie, late 92nd Foot, March 22, 1884.
Sir Robert D. Moncreiffe, Bart, of Moncreiffe, V.D. (hon. col.),
late Lieut. Scots Guards, April 15, 1893.
$th Volunteer Battalion the Black Watch. 251
5th (PERTHSHIRE HIGHLAND) VOLUNTEER
BATTALION, THE BLACK WATCH
(ROYAL HIGHLANDERS).
Regimental District, No. 42.
(Plate XXVI.)
" South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence, 186.
Headquarters — Birnam.
The 3rd Perthshire (Breadalbane) Rifle Volunteer
Corps, four companies strong, was raised in the end
of 1859, and its officers were commissioned on February
29, 1860, the major-commandant being John, second
Marquess of Breadalbane, K.T. Headquarters were at
Taymouth Castle, and those of its four companies : 1st
at Kenmore, 2nd at Aberfeldy, 3rd at Killin, and 4th
at Strathfillan. The uniform was plain dark green
doublets, without facings, and with black buttons
marked " BV," Breadalbane Campbell kilts and belted
plaids, round deerskin sporran with three tassels, black
and red twisted "moggans" with black spats, "Rob
Rorison" bonnets with badge and sprigs of heather
and bog myrtle, and black belts. To this corps was
attached, for administrative purposes, the 10th Perth-
shire Rifle Volunteer Corps, of one company, with
headquarters at Strathtay, raised on May 19, 1860.
Its first uniform was rifle-green coatees with short
tails and brass buttons marked " SV," without facings,
42nd tartan trews, plain glengarries, and black belts,
but soon the uniform was assimilated to that of the
3rd Corps, black and red diced hose, white goatskin
sporrans without tassels, and white spats being worn.
252 Records of the Several Corps.
On November 12, 1861, the 2nd Administrative Bat-
talion Perthshire Rifle Volunteers, with headquarters
at Taymouth, was formed, comprising the 3rd and 10th
Perth and the 9th Argyllshire Rifle Volunteers, the
latter a corps of one company, with headquarters at
Glenorchy, raised on April 12, 1860, from the Bread-
albane estates in Argyllshire, and wearing grey doub-
lets with green facings, and kilts and belted plaids of
Breadalbane Campbell tartan.
In 1865 the 9th Argyllshire was transferred to its
own county battalion (see 5th V.B. Argyll and Suther-
land Highlanders). In 1869 the 3rd Perthshire was
reduced to two companies and split into two corps of
one company each, the 3rd (Breadalbane) at Aberfeldy
and the 4th (Breadalbane) at Killin, and at the same
time the 5th (Blairgowrie), 7th (Coupar- Angus), 9th
(Alyth), 13th (St Martins), and 14th (Birnam) Corps
were transferred to the 2nd from the 1st Administrative
Battalion Perthshire Rifle Volunteers, and the strength
of the battalion was raised to nine companies by the
formation of the 20th Corps at Pitlochry on May 27,
1869. Battalion headquarters were at the same time
moved to Birnam. The uniform of the battalion was
authorised to be dark grey doublets with scarlet collars,
cuffs, and piping, and black lace across the breast, plain
glengarries (with blackcock's tail for officers), and black
belts. The 3rd, 4th, and 10th Corps wore Breadalbane
Campbell, the 13th Macdonald, the 14th Royal Stuart,
and the 20th Atholl (Murray) kilts and belted plaids,
while the 5th, 7th, and 9th Corps wore Atholl (Murray)
tartan trews, which they only exchanged for kilts of
the same tartan in 1881.
In 1873 the 10th Corps was disbanded, and in the
following year the title "Perthshire Highland" was
conferred upon the battalion, which in March 1880
$th Volunteer Battalion the Black Watch. 253
was consolidated as the 3rd (re-numbered 2nd in April
1880) Perthshire (Perthshire Highland) Rifle Volun-
teers, with headquarters at Birnam, and eight com-
panies lettered : A, Aberfeldy (late 3rd Corps) ; B,
Killin (detachments at Crianlarich, Lochearnhead, and
Kenmore) (late 4th) ; C, Blairgowrie (late 5th) ; D,
Coupar-Angus (late 7th) ; E, Alyth (late 9th) ; F, St
Martins (late 13th); G, Birnam (late 14th); and H,
Pitlochry (late 20th). In 1883 the whole battalion
adopted the uniform worn ever since, namely, dark
grey doublets with scarlet collars, cuffs, and piping,
42nd tartan kilts and belted plaids (shoulder plaids for
officers), white sporrans with two black tails, green and
red diced hose (black and red for officers), white spats,
plain glengarries (with blackcocks' tails for officers),
and black belts. Drab service doublets and khaki
spats for marching order were authorised in 1902.
By General Order 181 of December 1, 1887, the title
of 5th (Perthshire Highland) Volunteer Battalion, The
Black Watch, was conferred upon the battalion.
During the South African War 94 members of the
battalion served in the field, of whom 23 non-commis-
sioned officers and men joined the 1st, Lieutenant F. B.
Buchanan- White and 31 men the 2nd, and Lieutenant
T. Ferguson and 10 men the 3rd Volunteer Service
Company of the Black Watch, the remainder serving
in various other corps. One man was wounded and 3
died of disease.
In 1899 the headquarters of F Company were trans-
ferred from St Martins to New Scone, and in the same
year two new companies, at Blairgowrie and Birnam,
were added to the establishment of the battalion,
but these were reduced again in 1904 and 1905 re-
spectively. The battalion in 1907 possessed 17 separate
rifle-ranges.
254 Records of the Several Corps.
The lieutenant -colonels commanding the battalion
have been —
John, 2nd Marquess of Breadalbane, K.T., November 12, 1861 to
1862.
"William M. Macdonald of St Martins (hon. col.), March 7, 1864.
Sir Kobert Menzies of Menzies, Bart., V.D. (hon. col.), February
28, 1885.
Gavin, 3rd Marquess of Breadalbane, K.G., A.D.C., Colonel, Feb-
ruary 17, 1897.
6th (FIFESHIRE) VOLUNTEER BATTALION,
THE BLACK WATCH (ROYAL
HIGHLANDERS).
Regimental District, No. 42.
(Plate XXVII.)
" South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 213.
Honorary Colonel — Sir ff. "W. Erskine, Bt., V.D., August 11, 1900.
Headquarters — St Andrews.
The 1st Administrative Battalion Fifeshire Rifle Volun-
teers, with headquarters at St Andrews, was formed
on September 21, 1860, and to it were attached the
following corps of Fifeshire Rifle Volunteers : —
1st, Dunfermline, raised in consequence of a meeting held on
November 14, 1859, when 104 names were put down to join.
The public subscription list was headed by one of £300 from
Mr James Kerr of Middlebank. Members paid £2 entrance
money, and many equipped themselves. The services of the
corps, of two companies, were accepted on February 25,
1860, and the officers were commissioned on March 6, 1860.
The uniform was medium grey with scarlet facings and brown
6th Volunteer Battalion the Black Watch. 255
belts, the officers wearing five rows of black lace on the breast
of the tunic, and having cock's feathers in their caps.
2nd, Cupar, raised March 6, 1860, of two companies.
3rd, Kilconquhar, later East Anstruther, raised April 25, 1860,
as one company.
4th, Colinsburgh, raised April 20, 1860, as one company.
5th, St Andrews, raised April 23, 1860, as one company. Uni-
form— medium grey tunic with buttons in a fly, scarlet collar
and piping, and black Austrian knot, grey trousers with
black stripe, grey cap with black band and scarlet piping,
to which was afterwards added a scarlet ball-tuft, and brown
belts.
6th, Strathleven, raised August 25, 1860, as one company. In
1872 the corps was increased to two companies, the head-
quarters of the 1st being placed at Leslie and of the 2nd
at Falkland, but the latter was not officially recognised till
1880.
7th, Kirkcaldy, raised April 23, 1860, as one company.
8th, Auchterderran, raised April 20, 1860, as one company; head-
quarters transferred to Lochgelly in 1870.
9th, Newburgh, raised July 28, 1860, as one subdivision, increased
to one company June 2, 1862.
In June 1861 the 1st Kinross Corps was attached to
the battalion, but was transferred to the 1st Clack-
mannan and Kinross Administrative Battalion in 1873.
With the exception of the 1st and 5th Corps, the
details of the original uniform are not known, but at
a meeting held at Cupar early in 1860 it was decided
that all the corps of the county should be clothed in
medium (slate) grey with brown belts. Slight differ-
ences between corps existed, and two of them had no
red collars and black lace across the breast of the tunic.
In 1863 the whole battalion was clothed in loose scarlet
blouses with purple collars, cuffs, and piping, and " 79 "
(the county precedence number) on the shoulder-straps,
and blue shakos with front and rear peaks and green
ball-tuft. The medium grey trousers were continued,
256 Records of the Several Corps.
but with red piping, and also the brown belts, the
ornaments on which were changed from bronze to white
metal. Officers had silver lace and Austrian knots. In
1875 scarlet tunics with blue facings and blue trousers
with red piping were adopted, and for the shako was
substituted a plain blue glengarry, which was worn
till 1880, when a dark green helmet took its place for
full dress. In 1878 a blue (in 1880 black) Austrian
knot was adopted and worn on the cuff till 1905. The
brown belts (with pouch-belts with whistle and chain
for officers and Serjeants) have been worn throughout.
On January 15, 1903, drab service dress, with scarlet
Austrian knot and trouser piping and brown felt hat,
was authorised as undress.
In April 1880 the battalion was consolidated as the
1st Fifeshire Rifle Volunteers, with headquarters at St
Andrews, and twelve companies lettered as follows :
A and B, Dunfermline (late 1st) ; C and D, Cupar (late
2nd); E, East Anstruther (late 3rd); F, Colinsburgh
(late 4th) ; G, St Andrews (late 5th) ; H, Leslie (late
1st of the 6th) ; I, Falkland (late 2nd of the 6th) ; K,
Kirkcaldy (late 7th) ; L, Lochgelly (late 8th) ; and
M, Newburgh (late 9th). In 1887, by General Order
181 of 1st December, the title of 6th (Fifeshire) V.B.,
The Black Watch, was assumed by the battalion.
Sixty -seven members of the battalion, none of
officer's rank, served in South Africa during the war.
At home certain interior changes only were carried out
in the battalion, the headquarters of " C " and " D "
Companies being changed to Kirkcaldy and of " K " to
Cupar on March 12, 1900, the number of volunteers in
the latter having fallen off while that in Kirkcaldy
had much increased. A new " O " (Cyclist) Company
was formed at Dunfermline on January 2, 1901. In
1906 the headquarters of F Company were changed
ist Vol. Bat. Highland Light Infantry. 257
from Colinsburgh to Leven, so that the distribution of
the companies of the battalion then became : A, B,
and O, Dunfermline ; C and D, Kirkcaldy ; E, East
Anstruther ; F, Leven ; G, St Andrews ; H, Leslie ; I,
Falkland ; K, Cupar ; L, Lochgelly ; M, Newburgh.
The battalion had ten rifle ranges, one of which, at
Pilmuir Links, near St Andrews, was held conjointly
with the 1st Fife RG.A. Volunteers.
The list of lieutenant-colonels commandant is —
Sir Thomas Erskine, Bt. of Cambo, September 21, 1860.
Sir Coutts T. Lindsay, Bt., late Lieutenant and Captain Grena-
dier Guards, September 6, 1864.
Sir ff. W. Erskine, Bt., late Lieut.-Colonel Scots Guards, V.D.
(hon. col.), August 16, 1884.
Sir Ealph W. Anstruther, Bt. of Balcaskie, late Captain RE.
(hon. col.), May 16, 1900.
1st VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE HIGH-
LAND LIGHT INFANTRY.
Regimental District, No. 71.
(Plate XXVIII.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence, 115.
Honorary Colonel — General Sir Archibald Hunter, K.C.B., D.S.O.,
June 24, 1907.
Headquarters — 24 Hill Street, Garnethill, Glasgow.
The services of the 19th Lanark (Glasgow, 2nd
Northern) R.V.C., a one-company corps, were accepted
on December 5, 1859, and on December 30 its officers
were commissioned. In the February 1860 Army List
the 23rd, 24th, 28th, 36th, and 41st Corps are shown
as amalgamated with it. To these were added in the
R
258 Records of the Several Corps.
September 1860 List the 51st, 67th, 74th, 80th, 81st,
83rd, and 89th Corps (of which the first six had for
a short time formed the 5th Administrative Battalion
Lanarkshire R.V.), and in the November 1860 List the
85th and 91st, — the 19th Lanarkshire (Glasgow, 2nd
Northern) R.V.C. being shown in the latter list as
composed of 15 companies.
In the 'Glasgow Directory' of June 1861 the corps
is termed the " 2nd Regiment Lanarkshire Rifle
Volunteers," but there is no mention of this title in
any Army List. The two battalions into which it was
divided were locally termed the 2nd and 3rd North-
ern (the 4th Lanark R.V. being reckoned the " 1st
Northern "), but this again was not officially recognised.
The dates of acceptance of services and of first com-
missions of officers of the various corps are given in
Appendix C. All the corps were of one - company
establishment, and their origins were as follows : —
2nd Northern Battalion.
19th Corps (Glasgow, 2nd Northern), artisans in the Western
and Clyde Engineering Works, helped by the Central Fund.
23rd Corps (Warehousemen), an entirely self-supporting body
raised among the large drapery establishments of the city.
24th Corps (North- Western), raised in the Cowcaddens district.
28th Corps (Eailway), formed from employes of the Edinburgh
and Glasgow Eailway, the directors of which contributed
towards the expenses of its equipment.
36th Corps, formed from the men of Messrs Edington & Co.'s
Phoenix Ironworks, Port Dundas. Besides being most
liberally aided by the firm, this corps was helped from the
Central Fund.
41st Corps (North - Western Artisans) consisted chiefly of
masons, and was assisted in its equipment by subscrip-
tions and out of the Central Fund.
89th Corps (Manufacturers), a self-equipped corps raised among
the employes of the textile manufacturers of Glasgow.
t*2 <
ist Vol. Bat. Highland Light Infantry. 259
3rd Northern Battalion.
51st Corps (2nd Press), an overflow corps of the 50th (see 1st
Lanark V.E.C.), raised in the newspaper offices of the city,
and assisted by the Central Fund.
67th Corps, raised among the workmen of Messrs D. Laidlaw
& Sons, of the Alliance Foundry, and assisted from the
Central Fund.
74th Corps (Grenadiers), a self - equipped corps of superior
physique, accepting no recruits under 5 ft. 9 in.
80th Corps, composed of the workmen of Messrs M'Gavin & Co.,
ironworkers, Windmill Croft, who subscribed liberally, the
corps being also assisted from the Central Fund.
81st Corps (Northern Artisans), raised mainly from the workers
in Messrs Law & Co.'s Iron Foundry, Port Dundas, who
subscribed to the funds, which were augmented from the
Central Fund.
83rd Corps (Northern Artisans), composed chiefly of joiners, and
aided from the Central Fund.
85th Corps (2nd North-Eastern), raised among the iron-workers
of the North-Eastern and St Eollox districts.
91st Corps (3rd Abstainers' Artisans), raised among the workers
of certain total abstainer firms.
Very little is on record of the uniforms worn by these
corps at first, except that they were mostly grey, that
the 74th had tall shakos with cock's feathers, and that
the 89 th had a " handsome dark green uniform with
shako and plume." Shortly after consolidation the
corps adopted a medium grey uniform, without fac-
ings, with black lace and piping, medium grey cap with
black piping, and black belts. In 1863, however, its
uniform was changed to rifle-green with light green
facings, piping, and Austrian knot, rifle-green caps with
light green and black diced band, and black belts.
In 1864 the establishment of the corps was reduced
to twelve companies,1 and it was formed into one
1 The 89th Corps became No. 2 Company and the 51st No. 10.
260 Records of the Several Corps.
battalion, at which strength it ever since then re-
mained. It was re-numbered the 5th Lanark Rifle
Volunteers in June 1880, and in 1887, by General
Order 181 of 1st December, it assumed the desig-
nation of 1st V.B. Highland Light Infantry.
The uniform underwent many changes. In 1870
rifle-green doublets with light-green collars and cuffs,
yellow piping, and silver buttons, Breadalbane Campbell
tartan trews, rifle-green shakos with black lace, light
green and yellow diced band and green and yellow ball-
tuft, and black waist-belts became the uniform, officers
wearing lines and shoulder-plaids. This, however, only
lasted till 1874, when the uniform of the 90th Light
Infantry (included in the 60th Sub-District Brigade, to
which the 19th Lanark then belonged) was adopted —
namely, scarlet tunics with buff facings (worn with a
white Austrian knot as volunteers), blue trousers, dark
green shakos with black ball -tuft, and white belts.
This gave way on May 23, 1883, to the uniform of
the Highland Light Infantry, the officers alone wear-
ing shakos and the men glengarries, the yellow fac-
ings at first worn being changed to buff on April 20,
1903, when sashes for Serjeants were also introduced.
On January 4, 1905, a drab service dress, to be worn
with the glengarry, was authorised in addition to the
full dress.
The battalion contributed to all the volunteer service
companies of the Highland Light Infantry, sending to
the 1st Captain D. S. Morton, Lieutenant J. Kelso, and
27 men ; to the 2nd, Lieutenant T. L. Jowitt and 22
men ; and to the 3rd, 5 men. In all, 70 members of
the battalion served in South Africa. Private J.
Jamieson died of disease, and Captain D. S. Morton
was mentioned in despatches. In 1902 the battalion
was placed in the 34th Field Army Brigade, and
15/ Vol. Bat. Highland Light Infantry. 261
trained for thirteen clear days annually with it until
1906, when the brigade was broken up.
The first headquarters of the corps were at 179
West George Street, Glasgow, its drill-hall and drill-
field being in Parliamentary Road, but in July 1876
headquarters were changed to 13 Renfrew Street, and
in July 1879 a new drill-hall in Ark Lane, Dennistoun,
was purchased. This latter was blown down in the
great gale on 25th December 1879, and the Crown
Halls, 98 Sauchiehall Street, were rented, until in 1885
new headquarters and drill-hall at 24 Hill Street,
Garnethill, were built and purchased, the cost being
finally cleared off by a bazaar held in 1891. In 1886
a new range at Dechmont, near Cambuslang, up to
1000 yards, which was held conjointly with the 1st
Lanark R.E.V. and 2nd V.B.H.L.L, was opened and
taken into use.
The lieutenant-colonels commandant have been —
John Middleton, December 7, 1860.
Eobert Eobson, December 17, 1873.
John M. Forrester, September 16, 1874.
James Mactear, June 22, 1881.
John A. Sillars, February 27, 1886.
Edmund H. B. Lysons, late lieut. E.M.L.I. (hon. col.) (formerly
adjutant of the corps, December 1, 1869 to May 21, 1888),
May 21, 1888.
Eobert C. Mackenzie, V.D. (hon.* col.), February 27, 1892.
James Outram, V.D. (hon. col.), June 8, 1906.
262 Records of the Several Corps.
2nd VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE
HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY.
Regimental District , No. 71.
(Plate XXIX.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence, 116.
Honorary Colonel— Sir T. J. Lipton, Bt., K.C.V.O., November 21, 1900.
Headquarters — Yorkhill Street, Glasgow.
The " 6th Battalion Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers "
appeared for the first time in the Army List for July
1860, as consisting of the 25th, 26th, 27th, 40th, 68th,
69th, 70th, and 71st Corps, of one company each, the
dates of acceptance of services and of commissioning
of officers of which are shown in Appendix 0. The
battalion was locally known as the " Clyde Artisans,"
the corps having been all formed from the employes
of the great Clyde shipbuilding and engineering yards
as follows : —
25th Corps, Messrs Barclay, Curie, & Co.
26 th Corps, Messrs R Napier & Sons, Go van.
27th Corps, Messrs E. Napier & Sons, Engineering Department.
40th Corps, various smaller yards.
68th Corps, Messrs Neilson & Co.'s Locomotive Works.
69 th Corps, Messrs J. & G. Thompson's.
70th Corps, Messrs A. & J. Inglis, and Todd and MacGregor's.
71st Corps, Lancefield Forge and the Anderston Foundry.
All these corps were liberally subscribed to by the
firms from whose workers they were raised, the 25th
alone being aided from the Glasgow Central Fund.
The original uniforms were dark grey, with black or
red facings according to corps (black for the 25th),
n
2nd Vol. Bat. Highland Light Infantry. 263
and black lace, grey caps with a plume of cock's
feathers for officers, and black belts.
In April 1861 these eight companies were con-
solidated as the 25th Lanark Rifle Volunteers, head-
quarters at Kelvinhaugh Eoad, Glasgow, the com-
panies being lettered: A, 26th; B, 68th; C, 7lst;
D, 40th; E, 70th; F, 27th; G, 69th; and H, 25th
Corps. At the same time the uniform was changed
to rifle-green with scarlet cuffs, collars, and piping,
rifle-green shakos with black ball-tufts, and black belts.
This uniform was worn till 1873, when scarlet tunics
with black facings and Austrian knot, blue trousers,
blue shakos with red and white ball-tufts, and white
belts were adopted, leggings not being worn.
In June 1880 the corps was re-numbered the 6th
Lanark, and blue helmets with silver ornaments
replaced the shakos. In 1882 the establishment was
increased to ten companies (at which it remained till
1908, one having been since 1900 a cyclist company),
and in 1887 the battalion assumed the designation of
2nd V.B. The Highland Light Infantry (Army Order
181 of 1st December). In 1898 brown leather equip-
ment was provided, and leggings introduced.
During the Boer War the battalion contributed
Lieutenant J. Shearer and 24 men to the 1st, 21
men to the 2nd, and 11 men to the 3rd Volunteer
Service Company of the Highland Light Infantry.
Of these Serjeant W. Black was drowned in the
Orange River, and Private R. A. M'Gilvray died of
disease. Captain T. K. Gardner served with the 3rd
Battalion Scottish Rifles, and in all 79 members of
the battalion saw active service in South Africa.
In 1904 the facings were changed to blue, but in
1906 (January 10) a complete change of uniform was
sanctioned, a drab service doublet of H.L.L pattern,
264 Records of the Several Corps.
Mackenzie tartan kilt, black sporran with three white
tassels, red and white hose, drab spats, blue Balmoral
bonnet with red, white, and blue diced border and
eagle's feather, and brown equipment being adopted
as the sole dress. Officers wore Highland Light
Infantry doublets and mess uniforms, with buff
facings.
The battalion had its own spacious and recently
built headquarters and drill - hall, with underground
range, in Yorkhill Street, Overnewtown, Glasgow, and
shared since 1886 the range at Dechmont, near
Cambuslang, with the 1st Lanark R.E.V. and the
1st V.B.H.L.I.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
William Rigby, retired pay (major July 28, 1860), Lieut-
Colonel, April 23, 1861.
Walter M. Neilson, January 5, 1863.
Adam Morrison (hon. col.), October 10, 1874.
Peter W. Hall, V.D. (hon. col.), May 9, 1887.
John D. Young, V.D. (hon. col.), July 3, 1897.
Hugh D. D. Chalmers, V.D. (hon. col.), December 13, 1905.
3rd Vol. Bat. Highland Light Infantry. 265
3rd (THE BLYTHSWOOD) VOLUNTEER BAT-
TALION, THE HIGHLAND LIGHT IN-
FANTRY.
Regimental District, No. 71.
(Plate XXX.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 117.
Honorary Colonel — Colonel A. C. Lord Blythswood, A.D.C., V.D.,
late Lieut.-Colonel Scots Guards, May 28, 1902.
Headquarters — 69 Main Street, Bridgeton, Glasgow.
This battalion represents two corps which had a
separate existence up to 1873, and were known as the
5th and 31st Lanark Rifle Volunteers. The former
was absorbed in the latter, so the 31st is the parent
corps of the 3rd V.B. Highland Light Infantry.
The "4th Battalion Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers"
was formed on the 4th July 1860 out of the 30th,
31st, 38th, 45th, 46th, 47th, 75th, and 84th Corps.
In March 1861 the 86th and 96th Corps were added
to it, and the battalion was termed the " 2nd Ad-
ministrative Battalion Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers,"
the 88th Corps being added to it in October 1861,
making in all twelve companies, each corps consisting
of one company only, except the 96th, which had two.
The dates of acceptance of services and of commission-
ing of officers of these corps is given in Appendix C.
Their origin and composition were as follows : —
30th Corps (1st Central) was raised in the East Central district,
and comprised a good number of artisans.
31st and 75th Corps, the latter an overflow company of the
former, were raised in the leather trade and assisted from
the Central Fund.
266 Records of the Several Corps.
38th Corps (Rifle Rangers) was raised in the Central district
among better class mechanics, and assisted from the
Central Fund.
45th, 46th, and 47th Corps were raised among the grocers of
the city, the firms of which subscribed upwards of £1000
towards their equipment.
84th Corps was raised in the grain and provision trade out of
the overflow of the 63rd (see 1st Lanark V.R.C.)
86th Corps was raised among the tailors, and was assisted out
of the Central Fund, the members making their own
uniforms.
88th Corps was formed from men employed in the fleshers'
trade.
96th Corps was a mixed self-supporting corps of citizens, raised
as one company and afterwards increased to two.
The original uniform of the 30th Corps was light
grey with no facings and scarlet piping, that of the
31st, 38th, and 75th Corps, dark grey with red collars
and cuffs and black lace, dark grey caps with red
piping, and black belts, and that of the 45th, 46th,
47th, and 84th Corps, a lighter shade of grey. The
86th Corps wore green without braid, with red collars
and cuffs and black Austrian knot, green caps, and
black belts, and the 96th Corps had a green uniform
with red facings and brown belts, which only cost
22s. 6d. a man. In July 1861 the battalion adopted
a uniform dress of rifle-green with scarlet collars and
piping, rifle-green shakos with a black ball-tuft, and
black belts.
In 1864 the 88th, and in 1865 the 30th Corps were
disbanded, and on 10th May 1865 the battalion was
consolidated as the 31st Lanark Rifle Volunteers, of
ten companies, with headquarters in North John
Street, Glasgow. Locally the battalion was called
the" "Central Battalion," but there is no official trace
of this title, and it was only in June 1869 that the
■tx
"S o
X
3rd Vol. Bat. Highland Light Infantry. 267
name "Blythswood Rifles" was added to the title of
the battalion in compliment to its commanding officer,
Lieut. -Colonel Campbell of Blythswood.
The "7th Battalion Lanarkshire Eifle Volunteers"
appears for the first time in the September 1860 Army
List, as composed of the 5th, 34th, 35th, 58th, 59th,
64th, 65th, 66th, and 90th Corps, and in October the
21st is added to them. The dates of acceptance of
services and of commissioning of officers of these corps,
which consisted of one company each, are given in
Appendix C. Their composition was as follows : —
5th Corps (1st Eastern). An entirely self-supporting corps, the
members providing their own arms and equipment. Uni-
form— dark grey with black facings and lace, and black
belts.
21st Corps (Parkhead Artisans).
34th Corps (1st Eifle Eangers).
35th Corps (2nd Eifle Eangers).
58th Corps (Eastern Artisans).
59th Corps (Eastern Artisans).
66 th Corps (Eastern Eifle Eangers),
90th Corps (Whitevale).
of the 5th, some having cock's plumes in their caps. The
58th had five rows of black braid on the breast of the tunic,
no facings, black lace on the cuff, and black cord shoulder-
Artisan corps raised in the
eastern district of Glas-
gow, and, with the ex-
ceptions of the 34th and
90th, assisted from the
Central Fund. Uniforms
generally similar to that
64th Corps (1st Eutherglen). "i Corps raised in Eutherglen, and
65th Corps (2nd Eutherglen). f liberally assisted by subscrip-
tions in the district. Uniform — Elcho grey .with scarlet
collars and black lace, grey caps with black band and
scarlet piping, and brown belts.
1 A specimen of this uniform is to be seen in the Glasgow Art Galleries,
Kelvingrove Park.
268 Records of the Several Corps.
In the January 1861 Army List the above ten com-
panies were shown as amalgamated, dated November
27, 1860, as the 5th Lanark Rifle Volunteers, with
an establishment of twelve companies ; so presumably
two new companies were formed for it. On consoli-
dation the corps adopted a rifle-green uniform with
black facings and scarlet piping on the trousers, rifle-
green shakos with black ball-tuft, and black belts ; in
1869 black haversacks were adopted, and in 1872 black
busbies with black plumes were taken into wear. The
corps was reduced to ten companies in 1864, and its
numbers gradually fell off until, in September 1873,
it was amalgamated with the 31st Lanark Rifle
Volunteers.
Its lieutenant-colonels commanding had been —
William Stirling, July 28, 1860.
John Boag, April 3, 1863.
James Farie, February 21, 1868.
James K. Eeid, October 12, 1869, till September 16, 1873.
The amalgamation of the remains of the 5th Lanark,
then under Major Thomas Glen, with the 31st Lanark,
brought to the latter no increase of establishment, but
in 1874 the uniform was changed to scarlet tunics with
blue facings and trousers, blue glengarries, and white
belts, helmets being issued in 1878 and a blue Austrian
knot added to the cuffs. In 1877 the establishment
was increased to twelve companies; on June 20, 1880,
the battalion was re-numbered the 8th Lanarkshire
R.V. (The Blythswood), and in 1887, by General
Order 181 of December 1, the title of 3rd (The
Blythswood) V.B. The Highland Light Infantry was
assumed. The full uniform of the Highland Light
yd Vol, Bat. Highland Light Infantry. 269
Infantry, with white metal ornaments and brown
belts, was authorised to be worn on May 14, 1886,
officers wearing white belts in full dress, and officers
and Serjeants were authorised to wear sashes in 1904.
The facings remained the original yellow adopted in
1886.
Sixty-one members of the battalion took part in the
war in South Africa. Of those, 24 men served in the
1st, 21 in the 2nd, and 11 in the 3rd Volunteer Service
Company of the Highland Light Infantry, of whom
Serjeant J. Cooper died of wounds and Private A.
Dobie of disease ; Private H. Paterson was wounded
at Vecht Kop. Surgeon-Major R. Pollok served with
the KA.M.C, and Lieutenant W. H. Youden with
the 3rd Battalion Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.
A cyclist section was formed in 1900, and from 1902
to 1906 the battalion formed part of the 34th Field
Army Brigade, training thirteen clear days in camp
annually.
The headquarters and drill-hall of the battalion, at
69 Main Street, Bridgeton, were erected in 1902 at a
cost of £12,000, and it possessed its own rifle-range,
up to 900 yards, at Gilbertfield, near Cambuslang.
The lieutenant - colonels (commandant since 1887)
have been —
Alexander Cowan Ewing, September 20, 1860.
John Campbell of Possil, late Captain 7th Dragoon Guards,
December 1, 1864.
Archibald Campbell Campbell (afterwards Lord Blythswood),
A.D.C., V.D., Colonel, late Lieutenant-Colonel Scots Fusilier
Guards, July 25, 1867.
William Clark, V.D. (hon. col.), January 13, 1897.
Eobert S. Murray, Y.D. (hon. col.), April 17, 1901.
E. Barclay Shaw, V.D. (hon. col.), March 19, 1904.
David Eunciman Graham, V.D. (hon. col.), July 26, 1905.
Francis J. Stevenson, V.D. (hon. col.), February 10, 1906.
270 Records of the Several Corps.
9th LANARKSHIRE RIFLE VOLUNTEER
CORPS.
Regimental District, No. 71.
(Plate XXXI.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 118.
Headquarters — Lanark.
The "8 th Battalion Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers "
appears for the first time in the January 1861 Army
List as having been formed on December 9, 1860,
when it was composed of the 37th (Lesmahagow),
55th (Lanark), 73rd (Carluke), and 94th (Douglas)
Corps of one company each, the dates of offer of
services and of commissioning of officers of which
are given in Appendix C. The uniform of the 37th
Corps was Elcho grey tunics and knickerbockers, with
scarlet piping and scarlet and black Austrian knots,
small grey shakos with a blackcock's tail on the
left side, scarlet piping, and bugle and crown badge,
yellow leather leggings, and brown belts. Those of
the 55th and 73rd Corps are given as "grey, facings
scarlet," and are stated to have been similar to that
of the 37th. In March 1861 the battalion became
the 3rd Administrative Battalion Lanarkshire Rifle
Volunteers, with headquarters at Lanark. Locally it
was, and continued to be, known as the " Upper
Ward Battalion." In 1862 the battalion adopted a
scarlet tunic with blue facings and white Austrian
knot, blue trousers with red piping, blue shakos with
red piping and black ball-tuft, and brown belts.
In 1863 the 62nd Corps (Biggar), which had had
an ephemeral existence in 1860 (see Appendix C), was
revived and added to the battalion, and in 1875 the
it
gth Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteer Corps. 271
107th Corps (Leadhills) was formed, thus bringing the
establishment of the battalion up to six companies.
In March 1880 the battalion was consolidated and
numbered the 37th, but in June 1880 it was re-
numbered the 9th Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteer Corps.
The companies were lettered — A, Lesmahagow (late
37th); B, Lanark (late 55th); C, Biggar (late 62nd);
D, Carluke (late 73rd) ; E, Douglas (late 94th) ; and F,
Leadhills (late 107th). In the same year blue helmets
took the place of the shakos, white belts replaced the
brown, and for the tunic was substituted a red serge
frock with blue collar, red cuffs, and white Austrian
knot. On June 27, 1883, sanction was given for the
adoption of the scarlet doublet with yellow facings
and Mackenzie tartan trews of the Highland Light
Infantry, with black leggings. The helmet was re-
tained until 1904, when it was replaced by the diced
shako of the H.L.I, for officers and a glengarry for
the other ranks. In 1904, also, the facings were
changed from yellow to buff.
In 1894 the headquarters of "E" Company were
transferred to Forth, and in 1901 those of "F"
Company were moved to Law, the Leadhills de-
tachment becoming a section of " C " Company. The
battalion possessed five rifle-ranges.
During the South African War 96 members of
the battalion — including Captain J. Gray, who was
attached to the Scottish Volunteer Cyclist Company,
and was mentioned in despatches — saw active service.
Of these, 25 men served with the 1st, 22 with the 2nd,
and 18 with the 3rd Volunteer Service Company of
the Highland Light Infantry, of whom Lance-Corporal
J. Walker and Private A. Gray died of disease, and
Private A. Wilson was wounded at Retief s Nek ; 26
men served with the Imperial Yeomanry.
272 Records of the Several Corps.
The commanding officers of the battalion have
been —
Major James T. Brown, December 12, 1860.
Major Hugh Mossman, July 15, 1868.
Major James Stevenson Hamilton, late Captain 12th Lancers,
September 21, 1872.
Lieut. - Colonel J. Stevenson Hamilton (afterwards James
Stevenson), A.D.C., C.B., V.D., Colonel, May 26, 1875.
Lieut.-Colonel W. Bertram, Major (retired pay), late Manchester
Eegiment, December 20, 1905, to March 10, 1908.
5th (GLASGOW HIGHLAND) VOLUNTEER
BATTALION, THE HIGHLAND LIGHT
INFANTRY.
Regimental District, No. 71.
(Plate XXXI.)
" South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 119.
Honorary Colonel— J. D. S. Duke of Argyll, K.T., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O.,
V.D., June 21, 1899.
Headquarters — 81 Greendyke Street, Glasgow.
As the outcome of a desire expressed by many High-
landers resident in Glasgow that a Highland volunteer
battalion should be formed, a meeting was held in
Glasgow for the purpose on April 24, 1868, and at
this it was announced that 200 men had already-
given in their names as ready to join. Six hundred
men joined that evening, and the services of the corps,
as the 105th Lanarkshire (Glasgow Highland) Rifle
Volunteers, of twelve companies, were accepted on July
$th Vol. Bat. Highland Light Infantry. 273
21, 1868, the commissions of the first officers being
dated October 19. 187 officers and men transferred
their services to it from the Highland companies of
the 4th Lanarkshire (see 4th V.B. Scottish Rifles).
"C" Company was originally recruited from residents
of Partick, " E " from those of Crosshill, " F " from
natives of Islay, "G" from natives of Argyllshire,
and the other companies had general recruiting. The
uniform, sanctioned on September 28, 1868, was
modelled on that of the 42nd Highlanders, and con-
sisted of scarlet doublets with blue facings, 42nd tartan
kilts and belted plaids, white sporrans with three black
tails, red-and-black diced hose, white spats, glengarries
with blackcock's tail, and white belts. The cap and
sporran badges were St Andrew with his cross within
a garter, inscribed " Clanna nan Gaidheal ri guelibh a
cheile" ("Highlanders, shoulder to shoulder").
The first public appearance of a portion of the corps
was on October 8, 1868, when H.R.H. the Prince of
Wales laid the foundation-stone of the new University
buildings.
In June 1880 the battalion was re -numbered the
10th Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers, and in 1877, by
General Order 181 of December 1, it received the
title of 5th (Glasgow Highland) V.B., The Highland
Light Infantry. In 1885 the "set" of the tartan
(which had been smaller) was changed to that worn
by the Black Watch, the badges of the latter were
adopted, the sporran received five black tassels instead
of the three long tails, the blackcocks' tails were re-
moved from the glengarries, and "G.H." was substi-
tuted for "10 Lk." on the shoulder-straps. In 1902
the officers were permitted to wear feather bonnets
with scarlet and white hackles, and sashes for Ser-
jeants were issued. At the same time drab service
s
274 Records of the Several Corps.
doublets and drab spats were authorised as undress
and service dress.
134 members of the Glasgow Highlanders saw active
service in South Africa during the war. Of these, Lieut.
J. R. Leisk and 30 men served with the 1st, Major
P. W. Hendry, Lieut. G. Wingate, and 24 men with
the 2nd, and 9 men with the 3rd Volunteer Company
of the Highland Light Infantry, of whom Private D. M.
Rose died of disease, and Colour - Serjeant F. Willis
and Private W. Duncan were wounded, the former at
Vecht Kop, the latter at Retief s Nek. Captain C. C.
Murray and 37 men served in the Imperial Yeomanry,
and the remainder of the number in various units.
A thirteenth (cyclist) company was added to the
battalion in 1900.
Of recent years, "A" Company was recruited from
Highland residents of Springburn, " B " from White-
inch, " C " from Partick, " E " from Queen's Park, " M "
from Hillhead, and "F," as always, from natives of
Islay. The headquarters and drill-hall of the battalion
were at 81 Greendyke Street, Glasgow, and it shared
with the 3rd V.B., Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders,
a rifle-range up to 900 yards at Patterton.
The following is the list of lieutenant-colonels com-
mandant : —
Francis Robertson -Reid, late Captain Royal Renfrew Militia (hon.
col.), May 7, 1869.
James Todd Stewart, V.D. (hon. col.), May 10, 1890.
Charles M. Williamson, V.D. (hon. col.), May 15, 1895.
Thomas Ramsay, V.D. (hon. col.), July 18, 1903.
William I. Mackenzie, V.D., February 25, 1905.
Patrick W. Hendry, V.D. (hon. captain in the army) (hon. col.),
September 16, 1905.
Alexander Birrell, V.D. (hon. col.), December 1, 1906.
15/ Vol. Battalion Seaforth Highlanders. 275
1st (ROSS HIGHLAND) VOLUNTEER BAT-
TALION, SEAFORTH HIGHLANDERS (ROSS-
SHIRE BUFFS, THE DUKE OF ALBANY'S).
Regimental District , No. 78.
(Plate XXXII.)
" South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence, 154.
Honorary Colonel — J. A. F. H. Stewart-Mackenzie of Seaforth, Brevet-
Colonel (retired pay), late 9th Lancers, November 28, 1903.
Headquarters — Dingwall.
The 1st Administrative Battalion, Ross -shire Rifle
Volunteers, was formed, with headquarters at Ding-
wall, on September 30, 1861, and the following corps,
of one company each, raised in Ross-shire, were incor-
porated with it on that date : —
1st, Invergordon, raised February 15, 1860. Uniform — medium
grey tunic, trousers, and cap with black braid, no facings,
brown waist-belt. Headquarters removed, 1869, to Tain.
2nd, Dingwall, raised February 15, 1860. Uniform the same as
the 1st Corps, but with black leggings and a black plume
in the cap.
3rd, Avoch, raised February 17, 1860. Uniform — grey tweed
loose jacket, knickerbockers, and cap, brown leggings and
brown waist-belt. Headquarters changed in 1876 to Fort-
rose, a mile from Avoch.
4th, Knockbain, services accepted March 22, 1860 ; officers com-
missioned April 12, 1860. Uniform — light grey tunics with
red facings, light grey trousers with black braid, light grey
cap with deer's-head badge, black patent-leather waist- and
shoulder-belts, and black leggings. Headquarters trans-
ferred in 1876 to Munlochy, in the parish of Knockbain.
5th, Alness, raised May 20, 1861. Uniform — grey. Headquarters
transferred in 1865 to Ullapool.
6th, Alness, raised as one subdivision on May 21, 1861. Uniform
— grey. Increased to one company, and headquarters trans-
ferred to Invergordon in 1871.
276 Records of the Several Corps.
In 1864 it was decided to clothe the battalion in
scarlet hooked tunics with blue facings, white cord on
the collar and cuffs, and black braid down the front,
blue trousers with red piping, blue shakos with red
band, deer's-head badge, and white horse-hair plume,
and white patent-leather waist- and pouch-belts, and
this uniform was adopted in the following years by
all the above companies with the exception of the
3rd, which adopted scarlet doublets with blue facings,
Mackenzie tartan kilts, and plain glengarries, and wore
this uniform till 1876.
Subsequently to 1864 the following corps were raised
and added to the battalion : —
7th, Evanton, raised May 12, 1866. Uniform for a short time —
grey tunics, 42nd tartan trews, and plain glengarries; but
in the end of 1866 the company adopted scarlet doublets
with blue (later buff) facings, Mackenzie tartan kilts, heather
mixture hose with green tops, no spats, grey goat -skin
sporrans without tassels or badge, plain glengarries with
deer's-head badge, and white patent-leather belts.
8th, Moy, near Dingwall, raised August 11, 1866, from men of
the Brahan estate. Uniform — scarlet doublet with white
facings ; otherwise the same as the 7th.
9th, Gairloch, raised February 23, 1867. Uniform — scarlet doublet
with blue facings ; otherwise the same as the 7th.
On November 1, 1875, a new uniform was approved
for the battalion. It consisted of a scarlet doublet with
blue collar and cuffs, the latter with black Austrian
knot and blue piping, Mackenzie tartan trews, glen-
garries with diced border and deer's-head badge, and
white belts. This uniform was adopted by the whole
battalion, the 3rd, 7th, 8th, and 9th Corps discon-
tinuing the wearing of the kilt.
In June 1800 the battalion was consolidated as
the 1st Ross-shire (Ross Highland) Rifle Volunteers,
with headquarters at Dingwall, and nine companies,
Mix
ist Vol. Battalion Seaforth Highlanders. 277
lettered as follows : A, Tain (late 1st Corps) ; B,
Dingwall (late 2nd) ; C, Fortrose (late 3rd) ; D, Mun-
lochy (late 4th) ; E, Ullapool (late 5th) ; F, Inver-
gordon (late 6th); G, Evanton (late 7th); H, Moy
(late 8th); and I, Gairloch (late 9th). In 1887 the
title of 1st (Ross Highland) V.B. Seaforth Highlanders
was conferred upon the battalion by General Order
181 of December 1, and about this time the head-
quarters of G Company were moved to Dingwall, with
a detachment at Alness, and of H Company to Fair-
burn, close to Moy, on the Brahan estate.
After 1880 the battalion had been gradually revert-
ing to the kilted uniform, H Company having resumed
it in 1881 and A in 1883 ; but it was only on October
31, 1888, that authority was given for the adoption
by the battalion of the full dress of the Seaforth
Highlanders, the diced glengarry being substituted
for the feather bonnet. Yellow facings were then
worn, but these were changed to buff in 1903, in
which year also brown belts were substituted for the
white hitherto worn. On June 14, 1902, drab service
doublets and drab spats were authorised for marching
and drill order dress.
During the war in South Africa the battalion
furnished 110 of its members for active service. Of
these, 43 men joined the 1st, 26 men the 2nd, and
Lieutenant W. M. Macphail and 3 men the 3rd
Volunteer Service Company of the Seaforth High-
landers. The remainder, including Lieutenant J. O.
Black, served in various corps.
Headquarters of the battalion were at Dingwall,
and those of companies were —
A, Tain.
F, Invergordon.
B, Dingwall.
G, Dingwall, with detachment
C, Fortrose.
at Alness.
D, Munlochy.
H, Fairburn (Brahan).
E, Ullapool.
I, Gairloch.
278 Records of the Several Corps.
The battalion had fourteen separate rifle-ranges.
In 1865 Captain Ross of the battalion won the
Queen's Prize at Wimbledon.
The commanding officers have been —
Keith W. Stewart-Mackenzie of Seaforth, late Lieutenant 90th
Foot, Major, September 30, 1861 ; Lieut.-Colonel, May 26,
1865.
Duncan H. C. E. Davidson of Tulloch (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel,
August 17, 1881.
Alexander J. C. Warrand, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, March
29, 1889.
Alexander E. B. Warrand, Captain (retired pay), late Seaforth
Highlanders (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, July 1, 1897.
1st SUTHERLAND (THE SUTHERLAND HIGH-
LAND) VOLUNTEER RIFLE CORPS.
(Sutherland, Orkney, and Caithness.)
Regimental District, No. 72.
(Plate XXXIII.)
" South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 188.
Honorary Colonel — His Majesty the King.
Headquarters — Golspie.
The first meeting which led to the formation of the
1st Sutherland Rifle Volunteers was held in Golspie
Inn on June 6, 1859, the chair being taken by Mr
Charles Hood of Inverbrora, and at it a number of
gentlemen enrolled themselves. On October 17 in-
timation was received that the services of the Golspie
company had been accepted, and shortly afterwards
similar sanction was given to companies at Dornoch
< z f> <
5 h -o r!
515 5
ist Sutherland Volunteer Rifle Corps. 279
and Brora. These three formed the 1st Sutherland
Rifle Volunteers, a corps of three companies, the dates
of commission of the officers being : 1st, Golspie,
December 2, 1859; 2nd, Dornoch, December 2, 1859;
3rd, Brora, January 3, 1860, — the date of formation
of the three into one corps being January 1861. The
uniform of the corps was medium grey tunics and
trousers with blue facings and piping, grey shakos
with band of Sutherland tartan and black horse-hair
plume, and brown belts. The clothing, &c, for the
three companies cost £1000, of which the Duke of
Sutherland paid £800, the rest being raised by sub-
scriptions in the county. A fourth company for the
corps was formed at Rogart, the first meeting having
been held on October 13, 1860, and its officers were
commissioned in January 1861. Its uniform was
scarlet doublets with yellow collars, Sutherland tartan
kilts and belted plaids, grey goat-skin sporrans, black-
and-red diced hose, plain glengarries, and white belts,
with a plate on the pouch- belt bearing the inscription
" Duchess Harriet's Company, Rogart." It is believed
that this was the first rifle volunteer corps in Scotland
to adopt the national scarlet uniform. In 1863 the
1st, 2nd, and 3rd Companies adopted the same doublet
as the 4th, with Sutherland tartan trews and white
belts, and all four companies adopted glengarries with
red, white, and blue diced borders.
In Caithness three companies were at first formed,
the 1st at Thurso on April 10, 1860, the 2nd at Wick
on February 16, 1861, and the 3rd at Halkirk on
April 11, 1861. Their uniform was light grey tunics
with red piping, darker grey trousers with red piping,
a grey shako with bugle and crown badge and red- and -
white horse-hair plume (feathers for officers), and brown
belts.
280 Records of the Several Corps.
In Orkney and Shetland a small corps, the 1st, was
raised at Lerwick as one subdivision on April 24, 1860,
and increased to full-company strength on August 24,
1866.
On January 4, 1864, the 1st Administrative Bat-
talion, Sutherland Rifle Volunteers, with headquarters
at Golspie, was formed out of the above corps, the
1st Sutherland being broken up into four independent
corps, which resumed their former numbers in the
county, the battalion thus consisting of the 1st, 2nd,
3rd, and 4th Sutherland, 1st Orkney and Shetland,
and 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Caithness Corps. To these
were added on September 25, 1867, the 4th Caithness
Corps of one company, formed at Watt en, and on
August 6, 1868, the 5th Sutherland Corps of one
company, formed at Bonar Bridge. The Orkney and
Caithness corps in 1864 adopted a uniform of scarlet
tunics with blue facings, dark grey trousers with red
piping, and blue shakos with red band and red-and-
white plume, and two or three years later exchanged
their brown belts for white. In 1870-74 the shoulder-
belts were abolished and the plume replaced by a
ball-tuft, and in 1879 the shakos gave way to blue
helmets with star and crown badge in silver. The
Sutherland companies were, in 1867, all provided with
Sutherland tartan kilts and belted plaids, with grey
goat-skin sporrans, red-and-green diced hose (with
white spats from 1870), and glengarries with red-and-
white diced borders, the 5th Corps receiving this
uniform on its first formation.
In September 1866 H.R.H. the Prince of Wales
reviewed the battalion at Dunrobin and was appointed
honorary colonel of it, which His Majesty continued
to be till 1908.
In June 1880 the battalion was consolidated as the
15/ Sutherland Volunteer Rifle Corps. 281
1st Sutherland Highland Bine Volunteers, headquarters
at Golspie, with ten companies, lettered as follows : A,
Golspie (late 1st Sutherland) ; B, Dornoch (late 2nd
Sutherland) ; C, Brora (late 3rd Sutherland) ; D,
Bogart (late 4th Sutherland) ; E, Bonar Bridge (late
5th Sutherland) ; F, Lerwick (late 1st Orkney and
Shetland); G, Thurso (late 1st Caithness); H, Wick
(late 2nd Caithness) ; I, Halkirk (late 3rd Caithness) ;
K, Watten (late 4th Caithness).
The 1st Sutherland was always remarkable for the
fine physique of its men, and it is on record that at
the Boyal Beview in Edinburgh, in 1881, in the leading
company the flank men were each 6 ft. 3 in. and the
centre man 5 ft. 10 in. 'The Times' correspondent
wrote : " Splendid men the Duke's corps are, reminding
some of the spectators of the 93rd in its Crimean days.
They marched also as well as they looked."
The year 1883 was marked in the annals of the
battalion by one of its members, Colour-Serjeant B.
Mackay, winning the Queen's Prize at the National
Bine Association Meeting. In this year also the
Caithness companies began to conform to the dress
of the rest of the battalion, and " G," " I," and " K "
Companies adopted the kilt and doublet, "H" Com-
pany following suit in the following year. In 1884
the "F" (Lerwick) Company was disbanded and a
new "F" Company raised in its place at Lairg, in
Sutherland. Brass bands were abolished in the bat-
talion in 1883, and a band of thirty pipers, besides
drummers, formed, the pipers wearing green doublets,
Sutherland kilt, Boyal Stuart shoulder - plaid, and
plain glengarries with blackcock's tail. In 1890 a new
Caithness company (L) was raised at Wick, and in
1901 a sixth (M) at Beay, thus bringing the battalion
up to a strength of twelve companies — six in Suther-
282 Records of the Several Corps.
land (A to F) and six in Caithness (G to M). In
1899 two white tassels for the men and three for the
officers were added to the sporrans, and on February
19, 1906, a drab service doublet was authorised to be
worn in undress and marching order. The officers'
glengarries had been plain blue since 1880, and they
wore red-and-white hose in levee dress.
Eighty-seven members of the 1st Sutherland served
during the South African War. Of these, Lieutenant
R. G. Campbell and 34 men served -with the 1st,
Captain W. C. Ross, Lieutenant J. Brims, and 18 men
with the 2nd, and 2 men with the 3rd Volunteer
Service Company of the Seaforth Highlanders, of whom
1 man (transferred to the Scottish Horse) was killed
and 3 died of disease. Sixteen men served in Lovat's
Scouts and 9 in other corps of Imperial Yeomanry,
3 in the South African Constabulary, and 1 in a
volunteer service company of the Black Watch.
Surgeon-Captain J. K. Tomory served in a medical
capacity.
Owing to the scattered nature of the battalion, each
company had its own rifle range or ranges, there being
thirteen in all. The headquarters range at Golspie,
up to 1000 yards, belonged to the "Sutherland Rifle
Association."
The commanding officers of the battalion have been —
G. G. W. Duke of Sutherland, K.G., Major, January 30, 1860 ;
Lieut.-Colonel, January 4, 1864.
C. Marquis of Stafford, late Lieutenant 2nd Life Guards, Lieut.-
Colonel, April 26, 1882.
C. G. Sinclair, younger of Ulbster, Lieut.-Colonel, June 13, 1891.
D. Menzies of Blarich, Kogart, Lieut.-Colonel, June 10, 1893.
J. Mackintosh, V.D., Lieut.-Colonel, August 30, 1899.
John Morrison, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, November 2,
1901 ; Lieut.-Colonel Commandant, October 31, 1903.
2>rd Vol. Battalion Seaforth Highlanders. 283
3rd (MORAYSHIRE) VOLUNTEER BATTALION,
SEAFORTH HIGHLANDERS (ROSS-SHIRE
BUFFS, THE DUKE OF ALBANY'S).
Regimental District, No. 72.
(Plate XXXIV.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 195.
Honorary Colonel — Charles J. Johnston, V.D. (hon. col.), November 22,
1902.
Headquarters — Elgin.
The first public meeting with a view to the formation
of this corps was held in Elgin on June 20, 1859 ; but
though much enthusiasm was displayed, nothing was
done until November 28, when the master tradesmen
of Elgin held a meeting, at which it was resolved to
form a rifle corps, and on December 5 a public meeting
was held at which the formation of two companies was
decided upon. These became the 2nd and 3rd Elgin,
the 2nd being composed of citizens, the 3rd of artisans.
In Forres a meeting had been held on January 4, 1860,
the outcome of which was the 1st Elgin Corps at Forres,
which gained the first place in precedence in the county
by the expedition displayed in the offer of its services.
The 1st Administrative Battalion, Elgin Rifle Volun-
teers, with headquarters at Elgin, was formed on May 4,
1860, and to it were attached, at that time or on the
subsequent date of their formation, the following corps
of Elgin Rifle Volunteers : —
1st, Forres. Services accepted January 11, 1860, as one company.
Officers commissioned January 3, 1860. Uniform — dark
grey (dark green according to one authority) with black
facings and scarlet piping, black shakos, and brown belts.
Increased to two companies May 22, 1867.
284 Records of the Several Corps.
2nd, Elgin (citizens). Services accepted January 31, 1860, as one
company. Officers commissioned February 24, 1860. Uni-
form— Elcho grey with scarlet facings and piping, black
caps with peak, and black belts.
3rd, Elgin (artisans). Services accepted February 20, 1860, as
one company. Officers commissioned March 6, 1860. Uni-
form— Elcho grey with scarlet facings and piping, black
shakos with black horse-hair plume, and black belts.
4th, Eothes, formed May 28, 1860, as one company. Uniform
— Elcho grey with black facings and piping, black caps with
peak, and black belts.
5th, Fochabers, formed April 10, 1861, as one company. Uniform
— dark grey with black facings and scarlet piping, and black
belts.
6th, Carr Bridge, formed August 26, 1861, as one company.
Uniform — Elcho grey with scarlet facings and piping, black
caps with peak, and black belts.
7th (The Duff), Lhanbryde, afterwards Urquhart. Formed April
15, 1863, as one company. Increased to one and a half
companies May 12, 1863.
8th, Garmouth, formed December 2, 1867, as one company.
9th, Grantown, formed January 9, 1871, as one company.
In 1862 the uniform of the whole battalion was
changed to scarlet tunics with blue facings and white
Austrian knot, blue trousers, blue shakos with black
ball-tuft, and black belts. The 7th, 8th, and 9th Corps
adopted this uniform on their formation, except that
the 7th had a band of Duff tartan round the shako.
The 6th Corps had scarlet doublets with blue facings,
Grant tartan kilts, green- and -black hose, goat-skin
sporrans, glengarries, and black belts, but did not wear
spats till 1878. In 1879 blue helmets were substituted
for the shakos, and white belts replaced the black
hitherto worn.
In March 1880 the battalion was consolidated as the
1st Elgin Rifle Volunteers, headquarters at Elgin, with
ten companies, lettered as follows : A and H, Forres
(late 1st Corps) ; B and C, Elgin (late 2nd and 3rd) ;
5 .-S i
MS
yd Vol. Battalion Seaforth Highlanders. 285
D, Rothes (late 4th) ; E, Fochabers (late 5th) ; F, Carr
Bridge (late 6th) ; G, Urquhart, with a half company
at Pluscarden (late 7th) ; I, Garmouth (late 8th) ; and
K, Grantown (late 9th).
On January 11, 1886, the battalion was authorised
to wear scarlet doublets with yellow facings, Mackenzie
tartan trews, glengarries with diced red, white, and
blue border, and white belts; and in 1887, by General
Order 181 of December 1, the title of 3rd (Morayshire)
V.B., Seaforth Highlanders, was conferred upon it.
The headquarters of F Company were at this time
changed to Abernethy, and in 1897 the half company
of G at Pluscarden was raised to a full company and
lettered " L," its headquarters being moved thence to
Alves in 1904. In 1905 the headquarters of " G "
Company were moved back to Lhanbryde, their orig-
inal station.
On May 21, 1898, the kilt, sporran, hose, and spats
of the Seaforth Highlanders were authorised to be worn
by the battalion; on June 14, 1902, drab doublets and
drab spats were authorised for service dress, and in
1905 the facings were changed from yellow to buff.
The battalion contributed in all 193 of its members
for service in South Africa during the war. Of these,
there joined the volunteer service companies of the
Seaforth Highlanders, — 1st contingent, Captain C.
Ernest Johnston and 48 others (including 6 reservists) ;
2nd, Lieutenant W. C. Reid and 9 others ; 3rd, 64
men ; 4th, 24 men, — in all, 2 officers and 145 other
ranks. Of the 1st contingent, Corporal A. Paterson
was wounded at Heilbron ; and of the 2nd, Corporal
J. Dow received a commission in the 2nd Scottish
Horse, and was killed on 21st December 1901.
The distribution of the battalion from 1905 onwards
was : A and H Companies, Forres ; B and C, Elgin ;
D, Rothes, with a detachment at Archiestown ; E,
286 Records of the Several Corps.
Fochabers; F, Abernethy; G, Lhanbryde; I, Garmouth;
K, Grantown, with a detachment at Cromdale ; and L,
Alves. The headquarters occupied a commodious build-
ing in the Cowper Park, Elgin, and there were two
headquarter ranges at Garmouth, twelve miles from
Elgin, for B, C, G, and I Companies, and nine ranges
in other parts of the county for the others.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
Sir A. P. Gordon-Cumming, Bart, of Altyre, Major, May 4, 1860 ;
Lieut-Colonel, June 12, 1861.
Hon. James Grant, late Lieutenant 42nd Foot, October 24, 1866.
William Culbard, September 25, 1880.
Felix Calvert Mackenzie, Y.D. (hon. col.), May 28, 1884.
Charles J. Johnston, V.D. (hon. col.), September 23, 1893.
Eobert Urquhart, M.V.O., V.D. (hon. col.), September 13, 1902.
Sir George A Cooper, Bart., V.D., December 9, 1907.
Note.
The 1st Nairn Eifle Volunteer Corps was raised at Nairn as
one company on April 14, 1860. It was reduced to a subdivision
in 1861, and disbanded in 1862.
1st VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE GORDON
HIGHLANDERS.
Regimental District, No. 75.
(Plate XXXV.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence 143.
Headquarters — Aberdeen.
With a view to forming rifle corps in the city of Aber-
deen, a preliminary meeting was held on May 28, 1859,
the Lord Provost in the chair, and this was followed by
ist Vol. Bat. the Gordon Highlanders. 287
a public meeting on May 30. There were formed the
following corps (see Appendix A) : —
6th. Kaised November 19, 1859 ; a self-supporting corps of one
company.
7th. Eaised November 19, 1859 ; a self-supporting corps of one
company.
8th. Raised November 26, 1859 ; a corps of one company, com-
posed of employe's of Aberdeen merchants, and aided by the
contributions of the latter. A second company was formed
for it on December 30, 1859.
9th. Eaised December 30, 1859, as one company.
11th. Eaised January 13, 1860, as one company ; composed of
artisans, who paid £1 towards the cost of their equipment.
12th. Eaised January 27, 1860, as two companies ; composed of
artisans, as in the 11th.
13th. Eaised January 21, 1860, as one company ; mainly recruited
from the employes of the Scottish North-Eastern Eailway.
These corps were consolidated on March 16, 1860, as
the 6th Aberdeenshire Rifle Volunteers, the companies
being numbered in the order of the first commissions of
their captains as follows : —
No. 1 Coy. (late 6th Corps).
No. 2 Coy. (late 7th Corps).
No. 3 Coy. (late 1st of the 8th
Corps).
No. 4 Coy. (late 2nd of the 8th
Corps).
No. 5 Coy. (late 9th Corps).
No. 6 Coy. (late 11th Corps).
No. 7 Coy. (late 13th Corps).
No. 8 Coy. (late 1st of the 12th
Corps).
No. 9 Coy. (late 2nd of the 12th
Corps).
On July 19, 1860, in consequence of the general
re-numbering throughout the county (see Appendix A),
the corps became the 1st Aberdeenshire Rifle Volun-
teers. Its uniform was dark grey with black braid
and four rows of black lace on the breast, grey caps
with peak, and black patent-leather belts. On Nov-
ember 10, 1860, a tenth company was added, which
wore grey doublets with black facings, Forbes tartan
trews and shoulder-plaids, and glengarries. On May
•288 Records of the Several Corps.
4, 1861, the 1st and 2nd Companies were amalgamated
as the 1st, the others took the next higher number, and
a new No. 10 Company was raised, which wore green
doublets with black piping, 42nd tartan kilts, green-and-
black diced hose, grey sporrans with three white tassels,
Balmoral bonnets with eagle's feather, and black belts.
The 9th Company were disbanded on November 24, 1861,
as they had declined to change their uniform to conform
to that of the rest of the battalion, and had been insub-
ordinate in the matter; and the same fate befell the
10th (kilted) Company in 1862, when (on June 27) a
rifle-green uniform was adopted by the battalion. This
consisted of a hooked tunic with five rows of black lace
on the breast and black braid on the cuffs, trousers with
black braid stripe, rifle-green shakos with black ball-
tuft, and black patent-leather belts. In 1870 a com-
pany at Woodside, beyond the city boundary, was
added to the corps, bringing it up to nine companies,
at which strength it continued until 1895, although
throughout its official establishment was eleven com-
panies. On June 25, 1880, the companies were lettered
Atol.
On December 8, 1879, authority was given to change
the uniform to one of scarlet doublets with yellow fac-
ings, Gordon tartan trews, blue helmets, brown belts,
and black leggings, the officers to wear shoulder-plaids,
white sword-belts, and dirks on white waist-belts, and
in 1884, by General Order 12 of February 1, the title
of 1st Volunteer Battalion, Gordon Highlanders, was
conferred upon the battalion. The full uniform of the
Gordon Highlanders (less the feather bonnet, which was
replaced by the glengarry with red, white, and blue
diced border), with white belts, was authorised on
October 30, 1895, but the change was carried out
gradually, a new company, "L," formed in that year
ist Vol. Bat. the Gordon Highlanders. 289
being the first to be kilted, and the whole battalion
being completely re-clothed only by 1901. Drab ser-
vice doublets were authorised for undress on July 9,
1902, and sashes to be worn by Serjeants in full dress.
A cyclist section was formed for the battalion in
1890; in 1898 "H" Company was broken up and a
new company, "U," formed from university students,
and in 1905 D and I Companies were amalgamated
as " D," and E and L as " M." The official establish-
ment of the battalion was reduced from eleven to nine
companies in 1903, but only eight actually existed
since then, and these represented the following units
of earlier existence : —
A Gov. (former 6th and 7th Aber- F Coy. (former 13th Aberdeen).
deen). G Coy. (former 1st of the 12th
B Coy. (former 1st of the 8th Aberdeen).
Aberdeen). M Coy. (former 11th Aberdeen and
C Coy. (former 2nd of the 8th L Coy. of 1895).
Aberdeen). U Coy., university company.
D Coy. (former 9th Aberdeen and
Woodside Company).
During the South African War 128 members of
the battalion served in the field. To the 1st Volun-
teer Service Company it contributed Captain J. B.
Buchanan, Lieutenant F. J. O. Mackinnon, and 57
other ranks. This company left Aberdeen on February
16, 1900, served with the 1st Battalion of the Gordon
Highlanders, and returned to Aberdeen on May 4,
1901. It distinguished itself at the action of Doorn-
kop, near Johannesburg, on May 29, 1900, and there
Captain Buchanan, Lieutenant Mackinnon, and 5 other
ranks of the 1st Volunteer Battalion were wounded,
and Lance- Serjeant W. Simpson and Private G. W.
Middleton were killed. In the action at Leehoek,
near Krugersdorp, on July 11, one man of the 1st
Volunteer Battalion, and on September 30, at Komati
Poort, two more men of the battalion, were wounded.
290 Records of the Several Corps.
To a draft sent out from Aberdeen on May 18 to
strengthen this company, the battalion contributed
Captain W. O. Duncan and 14 other ranks.
The 3rd Volunteer Service Company left Aberdeen
on March 15, 1901, and joined the 2nd Battalion in
South Africa, returning to Aberdeen on July 6, 1902.
To it the 1st Volunteer Battalion contributed Lieu-
tenant R. A. Henderson and 34 other ranks, of whom
one private (C. V. Hutchison) died of disease. The
4th Volunteer Service Company, which left Aberdeen
on March 2, 1902, joined the 1st Battalion, and re-
turned to Aberdeen on July 14, 1902, included 2nd
Lieutenant G. A. S. Chedburn and 18 other ranks of
the 1st Volunteer Battalion.
Captain J. B. Buchanan was mentioned in despatches
for his services in South Africa.
In 1902 the battalion was attached to the 34th
Field Army Brigade, and trained in camp for thirteen
clear days annually until 1906, when the brigade was
broken up.
The rifle-range of the battalion, up to 900 yards,
was at Seaton Links, two and a half miles from
Aberdeen.
The lieutenant -colonels commanding the battalion
have been —
Napier Turner Christie, late Major 38th Foot, March 5, 1860.
Henry Knight - Erskine of Pittodrie, late Captain 33rd Foot,
January 13, 1862.
William Jopp (hon. col.), December 24, 1870.
Douglass Duncan, V.D. (hon. col), September 20, 1890.
George Cruden, V.D. (hon. col.), September 20, 1900.
Lachlan Mackinnon, V.D. (hon. col.), December 10, 1904.
D. B. D. Stewart, V.D. (hon. col.), November 19, 1906.
2.nd Vol. Bat. the Gordon Highlanders. 291
2nd VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE
GORDON HIGHLANDERS.
Regimental District, No. 75.
(Plate XXXVI.)
" South Africa, 1900." | Order op Precedence, 144.
Headquarters — Old Meldrum.
In June 1861 the 2nd Administrative Battalion, Aber-
deenshire Rifle Volunteers, was formed from the then
existing 2nd (Tarves, of three companies), 5th (New
Deer, of one subdivision), 6th (Ellon, of one com-
pany), and 19th (New Deer, of one company) Corps of
Aberdeenshire Rifle Volunteers, headquarters being at
Tarves. In November 1861 the 5th and 19th Corps
were amalgamated as the 5th Corps of one company,
which in 1862 was transferred to the 3rd Administra-
tive Battalion (afterwards 3rd V.B., q.v.), and in the
latter year the 13th (Turriff), 15th (Fyvie), and 16th
(Meldrum) Corps, hitherto unattached, and each of
one company, were added to the battalion. The 2nd
Administrative Battalion, therefore, then consisted of
the 2nd, 6th, 13th, 15th, and 16th Corps, the dates
of formation of which are given in Appendix A. Their
original uniforms were as follows : —
2nd Corps, dark green, with black patent-leather belts.
6th Corps, Elcho grey with scarlet piping, caps with scarlet
piping and ball-tuft, and brown belts.
13th Corps, Elcho grey.
15 th Corps, Elcho grey.
16th Corps, Elcho grey; but in 1863 this corps adopted dark
green uniforms with black facings and belts.
In 1864 a new 12th Corps was raised at Udny to
replace the former 12th Corps (headquarters at Old
292 Records of the Several Corps.
Aberdeen, raised July 21, 1860, and hitherto un-
attached), which had been disbanded the previous year,
and was added to the battalion ; and in this same year,
1864, the battalion, with the exception of the 16th
Corps, adopted an Elcho grey uniform with scarlet
collars, piping, and Austrian knot, and black braid on
the collar and round the cuff, grey shakos with black
ball-tuft, and brown belts. The 16th Corps continued
to wear its dark green uniform, assumed in 1863, until
1875.
In the beginning of 1867, headquarters of the 12th
Corps were transferred to Newmachar, and on June 11
of that year the 2nd Corps, which had been reduced
from three to two companies in 1862, was divided into
two, of which the first retained the name 2nd Corps
and had its headquarters at Methlie, while the second,
with headquarters at Tarves, became the 18 th Corps.
In 1868 the headquarters of the battalion were re-
moved from Tarves to Old Meldrum, and in 1877 to
Aberdeen, about which time also the headquarters
of the 12th Corps were moved from Newmachar to
Newburgh.
In May 1875 the whole battalion was authorised
to wear scarlet doublets with yellow facings, Gordon
tartan trews, blue helmets, and white belts, but in
1880 the helmets were replaced by glengarries with
red, white, and blue diced border, and brown belts
were reintroduced. This uniform continued to be worn
till 1908, drab service doublets, to be worn with the
glengarry and tartan trews in undress and marching
order, having been sanctioned in 1906.
The battalion was consolidated in May 1880 as the
2nd Aberdeenshire Rifle Volunteers, with headquarters
at Aberdeen, and seven companies, lettered as follows :
A, Methlie (late 2nd Corps) ; B, Ellon (late 6th) ; C,
t$ o
•3<
2.nd Vol. Bat. the Gordon Highlanders. 293
Newburgh (late 12th) ; D, Turriff (late 13th) ; E, Fyvie
(late 15th); F, Old Meldrum (late 16th); and G, Tarves
(late 18 th).
In 1884, by General Order 12 of February 1, the
battalion became the 2nd Volunteer Battalion Gordon
Highlanders, and since then the only changes in its
formation were the raising of a cyclist section in 1890,
and the removal of headquarters from Aberdeen to
Old Meldrum in 1899.
During the South African War the battalion fur-
nished 27 of its members for active service, of whom
22 joined the 1st Volunteer Service Company, 1 its
reinforcing draft, and 1 the 4th Service Company of
the Gordon Highlanders (see 1st Volunteer Battalion).
Of the members of the battalion in the 1st Company,
2 were wounded on May 29, 1900, at Doornkop,
2 on July 11 at Leehoek, and 1 on September 30
at Komati Poort, and Privates J. A. Gordon and
W. Geddes were mentioned in Lord Roberts' despatch
of September 4, 1901.
The battalion possessed eleven separate rifle-ranges.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
Sir W. C. Seton, Bart, of Pitmedden, May 14, 1863.
J. Kamsay, June 24, 1871.
Henry Wolrige- Gordon of Esslemont (hon. col.), June 14, 1873.
James Mackie, V.D. (hon. col.), May 30, 1891.
John Rae, V.D. (hon. col.), February 10, 1894.
John Marr, V.D. (hon. col.), March 12, 1902.
John L. Eeid, June 2, 1906.
294 Records of the Several Corps.
3rd (THE BUCHAN) VOLUNTEER BATTALION,
THE GORDON HIGHLANDERS.
Regimental District, No. 75.
(Plate XXXVII.)
" South Africa, 1900-01." | Order of Precedence, 145.
Honorary Colonel— C. G. Earl of Errol, K.T., C.B., Colonel (retired pay),
late 2nd Life Guards, May 28, 1892.
Headquarters — Peterhead.
The 3rd Administrative Battalion, Aberdeenshire Rifle
Volunteers, with headquarters at Peterhead, was formed
in January 1862 from the following corps, the dates of
formation of which are given in Appendix A : —
5th, New Deer, one company. Uniform — dark grey with red
piping, and black belts. Caps with sloping peak, black
band, red piping, and red-and-white badge on left side.
9th, Peterhead, two companies. Uniform — medium grey with
red piping and black cord lace, caps with black band and
red piping, and black belts.
17th, Old Deer, two companies. Uniform — Elcho grey with blue
piping, cap with black band and blue piping, and brown
belts.
20th, Longside, one company. Uniform — dark grey with black
piping and cord lace, caps with black band, and black belts.
On August 18, 1863, the whole battalion adopted
tunics and knickerbockers of Elcho grey with black
piping (and cord lace for officers), grey stockings, grey
caps with black-and-white diced border, and black
belts, but this uniform was changed in 1868 to rifle
green tunics and trousers with scarlet collars and
piping, green shakos with green ball-tuft, and black
belts, the same as worn by the 4th V.B. from 1869
o S
S^.Sj
a
2>rd Vol. Bat. the Gordon Highlanders. 295
to 1887 (see Plate XXXVIII.) ; and on May 22, 1872,
the rifle busby with red-and-black plume was sanctioned
for the battalion.
In 1867 the 24th Corps (St Fergus, one subdivision),
in 1868 the 25th Corps (New Pitsligo, one company),
and in 1872 the 26th Corps (Cruden, one company),
were formed and added to the battalion, which was
granted the title " The Buchan," in 1868. In Sep-
tember 1875 the 24th Corps was amalgamated with
the 9th, which still retained an establishment of two
companies, and a new 24th Corps of one company was
formed at Fraserburgh.
On May 23, 1880, the battalion was consolidated as
the 5th Aberdeen (The Buchan) Bine Volunteers, but
in June was re-numbered the 3rd. Headquarters were
at Old Deer, and the nine companies were lettered :
A, New Deer (late 5th Corps) ; B, Peterhead (late 1st
of 9th) ; C, St Fergus (late 2nd of 9th) ; D, Old Deer
(late 1st of 17th); E, Strichen (late 2nd of 17th); F,
Longside (late 20th) ; G, Fraserburgh (late 24th) ; H,
New Pitsligo (late 25th) ; and I, Cruden (late 26th).
In 1883 Gordon tartan trews replaced the trousers
and glengarries with red and dark green diced border
the busbies, the headquarters of " H " Company were
moved from New Pitsligo to Fraserburgh, a new " K "
Company was formed at Boddam, and the headquarters
of the battalion were transferred to Peterhead. In
the following year the battalion assumed the title of
3rd (The Buchan) V.B. Gordon Highlanders (General
Order 12 of February 1), and in 1885 it was author-
ised to wear the uniform and badges of the Gordon
Highlanders, but with trews and glengarries with red,
white, and blue diced borders, the officers wearing a
shoulder- plaid, claymore, and dirk, and buff belts, the
men black belts, the men's uniform being identical with
296 Records of the Several Corps.
that worn by the 2nd Volunteer Battalion from 1880
to 1907 (see Plate XXXVI.) In 1885 also the head-
quarters of "C" Company were transferred from St
Fergus to Crimond, but in 1888 were moved to Lonmay
with a detachment at Aberdour, the headquarters of
" K " Company being also in this year transferred
from Boddam to Peterhead. Brown leather equipment
replaced the black belts in 1891.
The battalion contributed 21 of its members for active
service during the South African War, of whom Lieu-
tenant A. W. Bobertson and 19 men formed the re-
inforcing draft for the 2nd Volunteer Service Company
(see 7 th Middlesex V.B.C.), and left Aberdeen on May
19, 1900, and one man proceeded with the draft for
the 1st Service Company (see 1st Volunteer Battalion).
Of the 2nd Service Company, 1 private was wounded
at Booikopjes on July 24, and 3 at Lydenburg on
September 8.
On November 23, 1900, "I" Company was broken
up, and on March 8, 1901, "C" (Lonmay) and " E "
(Strichen) were amalgamated as " E," with head-
quarters at Strichen, and " K " Company became " C."
The battalion was thus reduced to eight companies,
and after 1901 was distributed as follows, the numbers
of the original corps being inserted to enable their
descent to be traced: A, New Deer (5th); B and C,
Peterhead (1st of 9th and late K); D, Old Deer (1st
of 17th); E, Strichen (2nd of 9th and 2nd of 17th);
F, Longside (20th) ; G and H, Fraserburgh (24th and
25th). The battalion had seven separate ranges.
In 1903 the battalion was authorised to wear the
full dress of the Gordon Highlanders except the feather
bonnet, and a drab service doublet was permitted for
undress and marching order, to be worn with drab
spats. Belts and equipment were brown.
djh Vol. Bat. the Gordon Highlanders. 297
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
J. Eussell of Aden, June 2, 1862.
John Ferguson, December 30, 1876.
Alexander D. Fordyce, late Captain 71st Foot, V.D. (hon. col.),
July 24, 1880.
Kobert Eobertson, M.V.O., V.D. (hon. col.), October 3, 1900.
Robert Scott, V.D. (hon. col.), March 28, 1906.
William M'Connachie, V.D., November 2, 1907.
4th (DONSIDE HIGHLAND) VOLUNTEER
BATTALION,
THE GORDON HIGHLANDERS.
Regimental District, No. 75.
(Plate XXXVIII.)
"South Africa, 1900-01." | Order op Precedence, 146.
Headquarters — 28 Guild Street, Aberdeen.
The 1st Administrative Battalion, Aberdeenshire Rifle
Volunteers, with headquarters at Inverurie, was formed
in May 1860, and included the following corps (shown
by the numbers assigned to them at the general
re -numbering in the county in July 1860, see Ap-
pendix A) : —
3rd, Cluny, one company. Uniform — light grey tunic and
trousers with scarlet piping ; light grey shako with black
horse-hair plume ; black patent-leather waist-belt.
4th, Alford, one company. Uniform — grey tunic and trousers
with scarlet piping and bronze buttons ; grey shakos with
black horse-hair plume ; brown waist and pouch belts.
7 th, Huntly, one company. Uniform — silver grey tunic and
trousers with grey braid, piped with blue, and four rows
298 Records of the Several Corps.
of grey cord lace on the breast of the tunic ; grey caps
with blue piping, blue ball-tuft, and thistle badge ; black
waist-belt.
8 th, Echt, two companies. Uniform — grey.
I Oth, Inverurie, one company. Uniform — medium grey tunic and
trousers with light blue piping and Austrian knot (light
blue facings for officers) ; grey cap with light blue piping
and bugle badge ; brown waist-belts and black leggings.
I I th, Kildrummy, one subdivision. Uniform — Elcho grey
tweed tunic, trousers, and cap, all with scarlet piping, and
brown waist-belts.
The dates of formation of all corps are given in
Appendix A.
To these were added in October 1860 the 14th Corps
(Tarland, one subdivision, increased to one company in
May 1861), in 1862 the 21st (Aboyne, one company) and
23rd (Lumphanan, one company, headquarters changed
in 1864 to Torphins), and in 1863 the 22nd Corps
(Auchmull, one company, uniform dark grey tunic and
trousers with black braid and trouser stripe and lace
on the breast, dark grey shako with black braid, bugle
badge, and plume of black feathers, and black patent-
leather belts with badge of St Andrew within a wreath
of thistles).
In 1864 the whole battalion adopted a uniform of
Elcho grey tunics and trousers with scarlet piping, and
brown belts. The shakos were grey with red piping
round the top, the 10th Corps having red cord lace like
the Highland Light Infantry, and were at first worn
with a black horse-hair plume, which was replaced by
a black ball- tuft in 1865.
In 1866 the 8th Corps was reduced to an establish-
ment of one company, but in the following year the
11th Corps was increased from a subdivision to a full
II
Afth Vol. Bat. the Gordon Highlanders. 299
company, and a new 19th Corps at Insch was formed
and added to the battalion, which thus attained a
strength of eleven companies. Headquarters were
moved to Aberdeen in 1868. On April 1, 1869, the
uniform was again changed to rifle green with scarlet
collars and piping, green shakos with green ball-tuft,
and black belts, which uniform continued to be worn
till 1887.
In 1871 the 21st Corps was increased to two com-
panies ; the headquarters of the 3rd Corps were trans-
ferred from Cluny to Kemnay in 1875 ; and in 1876 the
8 th, 14th, 21st, and 23rd Corps were transferred to the
1st Administrative Battalion Kincardine Rifle Volun-
teers (see 5th Volunteer Battalion). In April 1880 the
battalion was consolidated as the 3rd (re-numbered 4th
in June) Aberdeenshire Rifle Volunteers, with head-
quarters at Aberdeen, and seven companies, lettered as
follows : A, Huntly (late 7th) ; B, Kildrummy (late
11th); C, Insch (late 19th); D, Alford (late 4th); E,
Inverurie (late 10th); F, Kemnay (late 3rd); and G,
Auchmull (late 22nd).
The title of the battalion was changed to 4th Volun-
teer Battalion, The Gordon Highlanders, by General
Order No. 12 of February 1,1884, but it was not till 1893
(Army Order 26 of February) that the title " Donside
Highland " was added. On April 22, 1887, the uniform
was changed to rifle green doublets with light green
piping, Gordon tartan trews, glengarries with red-and-
black diced border, and black belts and leggings. In
1897 a new "H" Company was formed at Auchmull,
and in 1899 the headquarters of "B" Company were
moved to Strathdon, a new " K " Company was formed
at Kintore, and a new " L " Company at Kildrummy,
thus bringing the establishment up to ten companies.
300 Records of the Several Corps.
Duriog the South African War the battalion
contributed Lieutenant H. Forbes and 28 other
ranks to the 1st Volunteer Service Company, 4
privates to its reinforcing draft, and 1 serjeant, 1
drummer, and 3 privates to the 3rd Service Com-
pany of the Gordon Highlanders (see 1st Volunteer
Battalion). Of the 1st Service Company Private J. M.
Meldrum was killed and Lieutenant Forbes and 2
privates wounded at Doornkop on May 29, 1900 ;
one private was wounded at Komati Poort on Septem-
ber 30, and Private W. Bennet died of disease at
Johannesburg on June 8. Of the 3rd Service Company
Private J. Copland died of disease at Petersburg on
May 26, 1901. Lieutenant H. Forbes received the
Distinguished Service Order and Serjeant J. R
Campbell the medal for Distinguished Conduct, both
having been mentioned in Lord Roberts' despatch of
September 4, 1901.
In 1903 the kilt, sporran, hose, and glengarry of
the Gordon Highlanders were authorised for the bat-
talion, with drab service doublet and spats (the green
doublets being abolished), and black belts as hitherto
worn. In this year also a cyclist section was formed,
and the name of the headquarters of " G " and " H "
Companies was changed from Auchmull to Bucksburn.
In 1906 "B" and "C" Companies were amalgamated
as " B," with headquarters at Kildrummy, although
the battalion was till 1908 still shown in estimates as
having an establishment of ten companies. The dis-
tribution in 1908 of the companies was (the numbers of
the original corps being shown, where necessary, for
reference): A, Huntly (7th); B, Kildrummy (11th);
C, Insch (19th) ; D, Alford (4th) ; E, Inverurie (10th) ;
F, Kemnay (3rd); G and H, Bucksburn (22nd); and K,
Kintore. The battalion had fourteen rifle-ranges.
$tk Vol. Bat. the Gordon Highlanders. 301
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
F. Fraser of Castle Fraser, June 25, 1861.
Sir William Forbes, Bart, (afterwards Lord Sempill), July 9,
1868.
J. Allardyce of Colquoich, late Colonel Madras S.C. (hon. col.),
February 26, 1887.
George Jackson, V.D. (hon. col.), May 4, 1892.
William A. Mellis, V.D. (hon. col.), February 7, 1903.
5th (DEESIDE HIGHLAND) VOLUNTEER
BATTALION, THE GORDON HIGHLANDERS.
Regimental District, No. 75.
(Plate XXXVI.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 189.
Honorary Colonel — C. G. Marquis of Huntly, February 23, 1876.
Headquarters — Banchory.
The 1st Administrative Battalion, Kincardineshire
Rifle Volunteers, with headquarters at Stonehaven,
was formed on May 14, 1861, from the following
corps of Kincardineshire Rifle Volunteers : —
1st, Fetteresso, raised January 10, 1860, as one company. Uni-
form— Elcho grey, with peaked cap. Headquarters removed
to Stonehaven 1867, disbanded October 1870.
2nd, Banchory, raised January 28, 1860, as one company. Uni-
form— Elcho grey.
3rd, Laurencekirk, raised February 1860 as one subdivision, in-
creased to a company May 23, 1860. Uniform — dark grey
with black braid, and shako. Amalgamated with 5th Corps,
1873.
4th, Fettercairn, raised March 13, 1860, as one subdivision.
Uniform — dark grey without facings. Amalgamated with
the 5th Corps, February 1871.
302 Records of the Several Corps.
5th, Auchinblae, raised June 9, 1860, as one company. Uniform
unknown. Headquarters changed in June 1878 to Laur-
encekirk.
6th, Netherley, raised May 7, 1860, as one company. Uniform —
Elcho grey. Headquarters removed, May 1869, to Portlethen.
7th, Durris, raised February 13, 1861, as one company. Uniform
unknown.
In 1864 the uniform of the whole battalion became
Elcho grey with scarlet collars, piping, and Austrian
knot, grey shakos with red ball-tuft and lace, and black
belts.
In 1869 the battalion was joined by the 8th Kincar-
dine Corps, formed at Maryculter and Peterculter on
October 21, 1869.
By 1876 the strength of the battalion had been
reduced to five companies — i.e., the 2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th,
and 8th Corps — and it was accordingly decided to recon-
stitute it. On February 23, 1876, headquarters were
transferred to Banchory, the 8th (Echt, one company),
14th (Tarland, one company), 21st (Marquis of Huntly's
Highland, Aboyne, two companies), and 23rd (Torphins,
one company) Corps of Aberdeenshire Rifle Volunteers
(see Appendix A) were transferred to it from the 1st
Administrative Battalion, Aberdeenshire Rifle Volun-
teers, and on November 13, 1876, the title of " Deeside
Highland" was added to that of the battalion. The
Aberdeen corps had followed all the changes of uniform
of their battalion (see 4th Volunteer Battalion), and on
May 5, 1876, the following uniform was approved for
the reconstituted battalion, and was worn till 1908 :
rifle green doublet, with collar and cuffs of the same,
and light green piping, Gordon tartan kilt (for all
except the Ballater company, which, being mainly com-
posed of Braemar men from the Invercauld estate, wore
Farquharson tartan kilts), heather mixture hose with
$th Vol. Bat. the Gordon Highlanders. 303
white spats, white sporrans with two black tails, glen-
garry with red-and-black diced border, and black
belts.
On March 15, 1880, the battalion was consolidated
as the 2nd (on May 19 re-numbered 1st) Kincardine and
Aberdeen or Deeside Highland Rifle Volunteers, with
headquarters at Banchory, and ten companies lettered
as follows : A, Banchory (late 2nd K.RV) ; B, Laur-
encekirk (late 5th K.RV.); C, Portlethen (late 6th
K.RV.); D, Durris (late 7th K.R.V.); E, Maryculter
(late 8th K.RV.) ; F, Echt (late 8th A.RV.) ; G, Tar-
land (late 14th A.R.V.) ; H, Aboyne (late 1st of 21st
A.RV.) ; I, Ballater (late 2nd of 21st A.R.V.) ; and K,
Torphins (late 23rd A.RV.) The title of 5th (Deeside
Highland) Volunteer Battalion, The Gordon High-
landers, was assumed on January 17, 1884 (General
Order 12 of February l).
On November 28, 1883, "K" Company was amal-
gamated with "A" and a new "K" formed at
Stonehaven, and on May 13, 1885, "G" Company was
amalgamated with " H." Battalion headquarters were
removed to Aberdeen in May 1886, but back to Ban-
chory in July 1894. The headquarters of "E" Com-
pany were changed to Peterculter on March 21, 1887,
and of " F " to Skene on March 22, 1891. The distribu-
tion of the battalion since then was therefore in nine
companies : A, Banchory (detachment at Kincardine
O'Neil) ; B, Laurencekirk ; C, Portlethen ; D, Durris ;
E, Peterculter ; F, Skene ; H, Aboyne ; I, Ballater ;
and K, Stonehaven. The battalion had thirteen rifle-
ranges for the various companies.
Seventy - eight members of the battalion served
actively in South Africa during the war. Of these, 6
men joined the 1st Volunteer Service Company (see 1st
Volunteer Battalion), Lieutenant W. A. Duguid and
304 Records of the Several Corps.
31 other ranks the 2nd Volunteer Service Company
(see 7th Middlesex V.E.C.), 16 men the 3rd, and
13 men the 4th Service Company of the Gordon
Highlanders, the others serving in various corps.
Of the 1st Company, one man was wounded at
Komati Poort on September 30, 1900 ; of the 2nd, two
were wounded at Rooikopjes on July 24, and Private
P. Stuart killed at Lydenburg on September 8 ; and
of the 3rd, one private was wounded while escorting
a train at Nylstrom on August 10, 1901.
The majors or lieutenant-colonels commanding the
battalion have been —
William M'Inroy, late Major 91st and 69th Foot ; Major, May
14, 1861.
William Black Fergusson, Major, August 3, 1870 ; Lieut.-
Colonel, February 23, 1876.
James Eoss Farquharson of Invercauld, late Captain and Lieut. -
Colonel Scots Fusilier Guards, Lieut. -Colonel, November
19, 1881.
Alexander Cochran, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, May 20, 1882.
James Johnston, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, January 6,
1894.
James M. Duff, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, January 2, 1901.
Alexander H. Farquharson of Invercauld, late Lieutenant 10th
Hussars, Lieut.-Colonel, February 11, 1905.
6th Vol. Bat. the Gordon Highlanders. 305
6th VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE GORDON
HIGHLANDERS.
Regimental District, No. 75.
(Plate XXXIX.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 217.
Honorary Colonel — G. S. Grant, V.D. (hon. col.), February 5, 1902.
Headquarters — Keith.
The 1st Administrative Battalion, Banffshire Rifle Vol-
unteers, with headquarters at Keith, was formed on
August 12, 1861, and to it were attached, then or on
their subsequent date of formation, the following corps
of Banffshire Rifle Volunteers :l —
2nd, Banff, raised April 18, 1860, of one company. Re-numbered
1st in 1862.
3rd, Aberlour, raised September 29, 1860, of one company. Re-
numbered 2nd in 1862.
4th, Keith, raised November 2, 1860, of two companies. These
were separated as the 3rd and 4th Corps in 1862, but on
July 26, 1866, were amalgamated as the 3rd Corps, of one
company.
5th, Buckie, raised March 12, 1863, of one company.
6th, Minmore, Glenlivet, raised April 19, 1867, of one company.
7th, Dufftown, raised May 1, 1868, of one and a half companies.
The separate corps had originally grey uniforms of
various patterns, but in 1861 the battalion adopted a
uniform of medium grey with black cuffs, collars, and
broad trouser stripes with white piping and Austrian
knot, grey shako with black band with white piping
and black ball-tuft, and black belts, the officers having
silver lace and a silver band on the shako. In 1870
1 A 1st Corps of one subdivision at Macduff is shown in the 1860 and
1861 Army Lists, but it never had any officers appointed to it.
U
306 Records of the Several Corps.
the wearing of the shoulder-belt and cartridge-box
was discontinued.
The battalion was consolidated in June 1880 as
the 1st Banffshire Rifle Volunteers, with headquarters
at Keith, and six and a half companies, lettered as
follows : A, Banff (late 1st) ; B, Aberlour (late 2nd) ; C,
Keith (late 3rd); D, Buckie (late 5th); E, Glenlivet
(late 6 th) ; and F, Dufftown (one and a half companies,
the half company at Glenrinnes, late 7th). In the
same year the white piping was removed from the
collars, trouser stripes, and shoulder-straps, and re-
placed on the tunic by black piping and Austrian knot.
In 1884 (General Order 12 of February 1) the
battalion was entitled 6th V.B. The Gordon High-
landers; in 1887 grey helmets with silver ornaments
were adopted ; on January 17, 1891, scarlet doublets
with yellow facings, Gordon tartan trews, glengarries
with red, white, and blue diced border, and white
belts became the uniform; in 1899 ; a new "G"
Company, at Aberchirder, was formed; and in 1902
a drab service doublet, for undress and marching order,
to be worn with the glengarry and trews, and sashes,
to be worn by Serjeants in full dress, were authorised.
Eighty-five members of the battalion in all served
in South Africa during the war. Of these, Lieut-
enant A. M. Robertson and 25 other ranks joined
the 2nd Volunteer Service Company, Gordon High-
landers (see 7th Middlesex V.R.C.), and 1 corporal
and 2 privates the reinforcing draft of the 1st Service
Company. Of the former, 1 private was wounded on
July 24, 1900, at Rooikopjes, and Private D. B. Stuart
(the same who was wounded on July 24) was killed
and 1 lance-corporal was wounded on September 8 at
Lydenburg. Colour-Serjeant Instructor E. J. Reynolds
and Lance -Serjeant J. Margach were mentioned in
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7th Vol. Bat. the Gordon Highlanders. 307
Lord Roberts' despatch of September 4, 1901. To
the 3rd Volunteer Service Company of the Gordon
Highlanders the battalion contributed 34 non-com-
missioned officers and men (of whom Colour-Serjeant
Instructor J. Craib died of disease on May 4, 1901),
and to the 4th Company 18 privates. In addition to
the above, Lieutenant B. M'Kerrol of the battalion
went out early in the war, joined the Imperial Light
Infantry (Natal), and was killed at Spion Kop.
The headquarters of the battalion, with drill-hall, &c,
were at Keith ; drill-halls existed for the outlying
companies, and the battalion had nine rifle-ranges.
The commanding officers have been —
T. Adam, Major, August 12, 1861.
W. Thorburn, Major, July 17, 1866 ; Lieut.-Colonel, May 1, 1868.
William G-. Gordon-Cumming, Lieut-Colonel (retired pay) Bom-
bay S.C. (hon. col.), Lieut. -Colonel, January 27, 1872.
John G. Smith (hon. col.), Lieut. -Colonel, January 8, 1890.
George S. Grant, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, March 5, 1892.
John G. Fleming, V.D. (hon. col.), Lieut.-Colonel, May 9, 1900.
Alfred B. Whitton, Lieut.-Colonel, May 26, 1906.
7th VOLUNTEER BATTALION, THE GORDON
HIGHLANDERS.
Regimental District, No. 75.
(Plate XXXIX.)
Order of Precedence, 222.
Headquarters — Lerwick (attached to 1st Volunteer Battalion).
This battalion was raised in Shetland on December 19,
1900, at an establishment of three companies, there
having been no volunteers in these islands since the
disbandment of "F" Company 1st Sutherland V.R.C.
308 Records of the Several Corps.
{Lerwick) in 1884. Battalion headquarters were at
Lerwick, but only an acting-adjutant was allowed, the
battalion being attached for administration to the 1st
Volunteer Battalion. The headquarters of A and B
Companies were at Lerwick, and their range, up to
600 yards, at Ness of Sound, while those of C Com-
pany were at Scalloway and its range at Asta.
The uniform, as approved on February 14, 1901, con-
sisted of drab service dress with red piping on the
trousers and patch on the upper arm, grey felt hats,
brown belts and equipment, and brown leather leggings.
The commanding officers have been —
Captain-Commandant Alexander Moffatt, December 19, 1900.
Major-Commandant J. C. C. Broun, June 10, 1905.
1st (INVEENESS HIGHLAND) VOLUNTEER
BATTALION, THE QUEEN'S OWN CAM-
ERON HIGHLANDERS.
Regimental District, No. 79.
(Plate XL.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 157.
Headquarters — Inverness.
The 1st Administrative Battalion, Inverness - shire
Rifle Volunteers, with headquarters at Inverness, was
formed on June 18, 1860, and to it were attached, then
or on their subsequent date of formation, the following
corps of one company each, raised in the county —
1st, Inverness, a self-supporting corps, raised November 18, 1859,
as a result of a meeting held under the presidency of the
Provost on May 21, 1859. Uniform — very dark grey with
facings and caps of the same, flat black braid on the breast,
ist Vol. Bat. the Cameron Highlanders. 309
front, and skirts of the tunic, on the trousers, and round the
cap, and black patent-leather belts. The Serjeants had
silver cord on the collar and round the chevrons, and the
officers had silver cord shoulder-straps.
2nd, Fort- William (Lochaber), raised April 9, 1860. Uniform
almost identical with that of 1st Corps, but with a band of
Erracht Cameron tartan round the cap in place of the black
braid.
3rd, Inverness (Merchants), raised March 26, 1860. Uniform —
medium (slate) grey tunics and trousers with green collars
and cuffs, grey caps with green band and bugle badge, and
black belts.
4th, Inverness (Clachnacuddin), raised May 3, 1860. Uniform —
Elcho grey tunics, trousers, and caps, scarlet collars and
cuffs, black belts.
5th, Inverness (Celtic), raised July 16, 1860. Uniform — medium
(slate) grey double-breasted doublet with green collar and
piping and silver diamond buttons, Celtic tartan kilts and
plaids, grey goatskin sporrans, green -and -red mixed hose
with green tops, plain glengarries with blackcock's tail, and
black belts.
6th, Kingussie (Badenoch), raised June 3, 1861. Uniform — Elcho
grey tunics with bronze buttons, green cuffs and collars, grey
piping on the latter, and black Austrian knot, grey trousers
with black stripes, grey cap with peak and black band and
badge of wreath and crown with V.K. in centre, and black
patent-leather belts.
7th, Beauly, raised July 1, 1861. Uniform — Elcho grey doublets
with green facings, Fraser tartan trews, plain glengarries,
and black belts.
In 1863 the uniforms of the various companies
were assimilated, that adopted for all being Elcho
grey doublets with green collar and piping, plain
glengarries with company badge and without black-
cock's tail, and black waist-belts (except the 1st, which
till 1872 wore pouch -belts also). The 1st Corps wore
trews, all the others kilts and belted plaids, the
tartans being 42nd for the 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 5th,
Cameron of Erracht for the 2nd, Hunting Macpherson
310 Records of the Several Corps.
for the 6th, and Fraser for the 7th. The sporrans
were grey goatskin (white for officers), and the hose
red -and -green mixture with green tops (except the
2nd Corps, which had red-and-green (79th) diced hose).
In 1865 the battalion received the title " Inverness
Highland," and in the following year Private Angus
Cameron of the 6th Corps won the Queen's Prize at
Wimbledon, a performance which he repeated in 1869.
The following companies were added to the battalion
about this time, all kilted and dressed in the above
uniform : —
8th, Portree, raised July 20, 1867. Tartan — Macdonald of the Isles.
Increased to one and a half companies, February 7, 1868.
9th, Campbeltown, Ardersier, raised November 12, 1867. Tartan
—42nd.
10th, Eoy Bridge, raised February 11, 1869. Tartan — Mackintosh.
On February 16, 1880, sanction was given for the
battalion to change its uniform to scarlet doublets
with buff facings (it being then affiliated to the 71st
and 78th Highlanders), 42nd tartan kilts (for all
companies), grey goatskin sporrans (white for officers),
red-and-black diced hose, white spats, plain glengarries,
and white belts.
In June 1880 the battalion was consolidated as the
1st Inverness-shire (Inverness Highland) Rifle Volun-
teers, with headquarters at Inverness, and ten companies,
lettered : A to D, Inverness (late 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 5th
Corps) ; E, Fort- William (late 2nd) ; F, Kingussie (late
6th) ; G, Beauly (late 7th) ; H, Portree (late 8th) ;
I, Ardersier (late 9th) ; and K, Roy Bridge (late 10th).
The only change in distribution which since then took
place was on September 30, 1903, when the headquarters
of K Company were transferred to Fort- Augustus, with
a section at Drumnadrochit to serve Glen Urquhart.
The battalion had eight separate rifle-ranges.
ist Vol. Bat. the Cameron Highlanders. 31 1
In 1887 the title of 1st (Inverness Highland) Volun-
teer Battalion, The Cameron Highlanders, was conferred
upon the battalion by General Order 181 of December 1,
and on October 20, 1893, it was authorised to adopt the
uniform of the Cameron Highlanders. The officers wore
the feather bonnet in full dress, the men having only
the glengarry, and sashes were not worn by officers
or Serjeants.
During the South African War, the battalion
furnished no fewer than 245 men for service, which
is the record proportion for Scotland. Of these,
Captain A. D. Mackinnon, Lieutenant J. Burn, Lieu-
tenant J. Campbell, and 75 men served in the only
Volunteer Service Company sent out to the Cameron
Highlanders. Of this company, Serjeant A. G. Mack-
intosh, Private A. M'Kay, and Private D. M'Lennan
died of disease, Lieutenant J. Campbell was wounded,
and Serjeant P. Stuart was mentioned in Lord
Roberts' despatch of September 4, 1901. Major S. J.
Lord Lovat, 2nd Lieutenant E. G. Eraser Tytler (both
mentioned in despatches, September 4, 1901, and March
1, 1902, respectively : D.S.O. for Lord Lovat), and
80 men served in Lovat's Scouts, of whom Private
MacLaren was killed in action on September 20, 1901,
and the remainder joined the Imperial Yeomanry or
other corps.
The lieutenant - colonels commanding the battalion
have been —
Ewen Macpherson of Cluny, late Captain 42nd Foot, June 3,
1861.
Charles A. Earl of Dunmore, November 2, 1882.
Alexander Macdonald, V.D. (hon. col.), July 22, 1896.
David Munro, V.D., December 13, 1899.
Duncan Shaw, V.D. (hon. col.), July 26, 1902.
James Leslie Fraser, September 8, 1906.
312 Records of the Several Corps.
1st (RENFREWSHIRE) VOLUNTEER BAT-
TALION, PRINCESS LOUISE'S (ARGYLL
AND SUTHERLAND HIGHLANDERS).
Regimental District, No. 91.
(Plate XLI.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence, 87.
Honorary Colonel — Sir H. Shaw Stewart, Bart., March 12, 1904.
Headquarters — Greenock.
The 1st Administrative Battalion, Renfrewshire Rifle
Volunteers, with headquarters at Greenock, was formed
on August 1, 1860, from the following corps of Ren-
frewshire Rifle Volunteers, the dates of raising, &c,
of which are given in Appendix D : —
1st, Greenock, four companies. Uniform — dark grey tunic,
trousers, and cap, with black braid.
5th, Port Glasgow, one company. Uniform — grey.
10th, Greenock, Highlanders, one company ; and
11th, Greenock, Highlanders, one company. Uniform of both
companies — green doublets with five rows of black braid on
the breast, green cuffs and collars, and black piping, 42nd
tartan kilts and belted plaids, grey sporrans with three
white tails, green -and -black diced hose, buckled brogues,
Balmoral bonnets, and black belts. The officers wore pouch-
belts, the claymore and dirk being carried on the waist-belt.
22nd, Gourock, one company. Uniform — medium grey.
Soon after the formation of the battalion, a county
uniform was adopted for Renfrewshire (shown in the
figures in Plates XLI. and XLII. for the 2nd and 3rd
Volunteer Battalions) of medium grey tunics and
trousers, with scarlet cuffs, collars, and piping on the
trousers, grey shakos with black ball-tufts, and black
belts, the 1st Battalion alone differing in that the officers
had grey lace on the breast of the tunic. The two High-
ii-/ Vol. Bat. Princess Louises A. & S. H. 313
land companies continued to wear the uniform described
above until 1889, with the exception that in 1877 glen-
garry bonnets (with blackcock's tail for officers), black
sporrans with six white tassels (and badger's head for
officers), and white spats were adopted.
In 1863 the 10th and 11th Corps were amalgamated
as the 10th Corps of two companies, and the 1st Bute-
shire Rifle Volunteer Corps, headquarters Rothesay,
which had been formed on January 19, 1860, as one
company, was added to the battalion.
In March 1880 the battalion was consolidated as
the 1st Renfrewshire Rifle Volunteers, headquarters
at Greenock, with nine companies, lettered as follows :
A, B, C, and D, Greenock (late 1st R.R.V.) ; E, Port
Glasgow (late 5th R.R.V.) ; F and G, Greenock (High-
landers) (late 10th R.R.V.); H, Gourock (late 22nd
R.R.V.) ; and I, Rothesay (late 1st Bute R.V.) In
1881 grey helmets with bronze ornaments were adopted
by the battalion.
In 1887, by General Order 181 of December 1, the
corps became the 1st (Renfrewshire) V.B. Argyll and
Sutherland Highlanders, and on December 13, 1889,
sanction was given for a change of uniform to scarlet
doublets with yellow facings, Sutherland tartan trews,
glengarries with red - and - white diced border, and
white belts, the Highland companies conforming but
continuing to wear their kilts and hose, until on
September 18, 1899, authority was given for the whole
battalion to assume the kilts, sporrans, hose, and spats
of the regular battalions, to be worn with the glen-
garry with red-and-white diced border. A drab service
doublet for undress and marching order was authorised
in 1903.
Of the battalion, Lieutenant A. E. Stewart and 18
men served with the 1st, 18 men with the 2nd, and
314 Records of the Several Corps.
Lieutenant J. M. Lamont and 34 men with the 3rd
Volunteer Service Company, Argyll and Sutherland
Highlanders, in the war in South Africa, of whom
Corporal D. K. Aitken (1st Company) died of enteric.
In addition, 10 men served in the Scottish Horse, 22
in the Imperial Yeomanry, 3 in the Scottish Cyclist
Company, 11 in the South African Constabulary, 1
in the R.A.M.C, and 3 in local corps, making in all
a contribution of 2 officers and 120 men from the
battalion. Of the 22 men serving in the Imperial
Yeomanry, 2 were officers who served as troopers —
Lieutenant R. E. Wilson (who was mentioned in de-
spatches) and Lieutenant N. Rae ; Trooper G. R.
Benson died of wounds and Troopers F. L. R. Laurent
and A. Scorgie of enteric, and Trooper R. Calderhead
was drowned.
In 1900 a cyclist company was formed, but this did
not entail an increase of establishment except on paper,
for the " I " (Rothesay) Company had long been dwind-
ling away, and in 1906 it finally ceased to exist.
The headquarters of the battalion were at 37 Newton
Street, Greenock. It had a headquarter range, up to
800 yards, at Hole Farm, lj- mile from Greenock, and
E and H Companies had their own ranges near their
headquarters.
The lieutenant -colonels commanding the battalion
have been —
Sir Michael K. Shaw Stewart, Bart., August 1, 1860.
David M. Lathom, late Captain Royal Renfrew Militia, May 13,
1869.
William Ross (hon. col.), October 4, 1884.
William Orr Leitch (hon. col.), February 8, 1890.
William Lamont, V.D. (hon. col.), October 29, 1892.
William U. Park, M.V.O., V.D. (hon. col.), December 12, 1903.
Abram Lyle, V.D., January 28, 1908.
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2.nd Vol. Bat. Princess Louise's A.& S. H. 315
2nd (RENFREWSHIRE) VOLUNTEER BAT-
TALION, PRINCESS LOUISE'S (ARGYLL
AND SUTHERLAND HIGHLANDERS).
Regimental District, No. 91.
(Plate XLI.)
"South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence, 88.
Honorary Colonel— Sir Thos. G. Glen-Coats, Bart., V.D. (hon. col.),
June 13, 1903.
Headquarters — Paisley.
The 2nd Administrative Battalion, Renfrewshire Rifle
Volunteers, with headquarters at Paisley, was formed
on June 2, 1860, of the 3rd, 6th, 14th, and 24th Corps
(Paisley), 9th Corps (Johnstone), 15th Corps (Kil-
barchan), 17th Corps (Lochwinnoch), and 20th Corps
(Renfrew) of Renfrewshire Rifle Volunteers, of one
company each. The dates of formation of these corps
are given in Appendix D.
The original uniforms of the 3rd, 6th, 14th, and 24th
Corps were dark grey with black braid, that of the
20th dark grey with scarlet facings, but in 1862 the
battalion adopted the county uniform of medium grey,
as described for the 1st Volunteer Battalion, and wore
it until 1875, when (on November 27) scarlet tunics
with blue facings and Austrian knot, blue trousers, blue
shakos with ball -tuft, and white belts became the
uniform. Blue helmets replaced the shakos in 1881.
In March 1880 the battalion was consolidated as
the 3rd (re-numbered 2nd in June) Renfrewshire Rifle
Volunteers, headquarters Paisley, with eight companies,
lettered : A, B, D, and H, Paisley (late 3rd, 6th, 14th,
and 24th Corps) ; C, Johnstone (late 9th) ; E, Kil-
barchan (late 15th) ; F, Lochwinnoch (late 17th) ; and
316 Records of the Several Corps.
G, Renfrew (late 20th). In 1884 a new company, "I,"
was formed at Paisley, and dressed in scarlet doublets
with blue facings, Sutherland kilts, and the glengarry,
sporran, hose, and spats of the regular battalions of the
regiment. By General Order 181 of December 1, 1887,
the title of 2nd (Renfrewshire) V.B. Argyll and Suther-
land Highlanders was conferred upon the battalion,
and on April 18, 1898, it was authorised to wear scarlet
doublets with yellow facings, Sutherland tartan trews,
glengarries with red-and-white diced border, and white
belts (the same as shown in Plate XX. for the 3rd V.B.,
1889-1908), the kilted company retaining its special
dress, but changing its facings to yellow. Helmets,
however, continued to be worn by the non- kilted
companies till 1903.
During the South African War 59 members of the
battalion saw active service, mostly with the volunteer
service companies of the Argyll and Sutherland High-
landers. Captain J. Cook commanded the 1st Service
Company. Lieutenant J. L. Jack served with the 2nd
Service Company, and on its departure for home he
remained behind attached to the 2nd Scottish Horse,
and was mentioned in Lord Kitchener's despatch of
June 23, 1902. Second Lieutenant Foulds served in
the Scottish Cyclist Company.
In 1900 a cyclist company was formed at Paisley
and lettered "K." In 1903 "E" Company was dis-
banded, and the headquarters of " F " moved to Elderslie,
with detachments at Howwood, Kilbarchan, and
Lochwinnoch, but officially the establishment of the
battalion remained till 1908 at ten companies. On
November 17, 1903, the adoption of the full uniform of
the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders was sanctioned
for the whole battalion, except that the glengarry with
red-and-white diced border took the place of the
2,rd Vol. Bat. Princess Louises A. & S. H. 317
feather bonnet, and was worn with a blackcock's tail
by officers. A drab service doublet and drab spats
were worn in marching order.
The battalion possessed very fine headquarters, with
a drill-hall and Morris-tube range, in High Street,
Paisley, and a rifle-range up to 800 yards at Foxbar
on the Gleniffer Hills. The former was completed and
the latter acquired in 1901, at a total cost of £11,000,
which was covered by public subscriptions.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
"William Mure of Caldwell, late Captain and Lieut.-Colonel Scots
Fusilier Guards, December 17, 1860.
William Carlisle, December 15, 1880.
Andrew Millar (hon. col.), November 21, 1885.
Sir Thomas G. Glen-Coats, Bart., V.D. (hon. col.), May 28, 1887.
James Paton, V.D. (hon. col.), June 13, 1903.
James Cook, V.D. (hon. captain in army), December 18, 1906.
3rd (RENFREWSHIRE) VOLUNTEER BAT-
TALION, PRINCESS LOUISE'S (ARGYLL
AND SUTHERLAND HIGHLANDERS).
Regimental District, No. 91.
(Plate XLII.)
" South Africa, 1901-02." | Order of Precedence, 89.
Honorary Colonel — R. King (hon. col.), October 14, 1903.
Headquarters — Pollockshaws.
The 3rd Administrative Battalion, Renfrewshire Rifle
Volunteers, with headquarters at Barrhead, was formed
on August 4, 1860, from the 4th (Pollockshaws), 7th
and 21st (Barrhead), 8th (Neilston), 16th (Thornlie-
318 Records of the Several Corps.
bank), 19th (Hurlet), and 23rd (Cathcart) Corps of
Renfrewshire Rifle Volunteers, of one company each,
and the 25th (Thornliebank) Corps was added in 1862.
The dates of formation of these corps are given in
Appendix D.
The original uniforms of these corps were mostly
Elcho grey, but in 1 862 the county uniform of medium
grey, described for the 1st Volunteer Battalion, was
adopted and was worn till 1874, when scarlet tunics
with blue facings, blue trousers, glengarries, and white
belts became the uniform.
In 1880 the battalion was consolidated as the 4th
(re-numbered 3rd in June) Renfrewshire Rifle Volun-
teers, with headquarters at Barrhead (1881, Pollock-
shaws) and eight companies, lettered : A, Pollockshaws
(late 4th) ; B and F, Barrhead (late 7th and 21st) ; C,
Neilston (late 8th) ; D and H, Thornliebank (late 16th
and 25th) ; E, Hurlet (afterwards Newton-Mearns, late
19th), and G, Cathcart (late 23rd).
The title of 3rd (Renfrewshire) V.B. Argyll and
Sutherland Highlanders was conferred upon the
battalion by General Order 181 of December 1, 1887;
and on January 29, 1889, sanction was given for the
adoption of scarlet doublets with yellow facings,
Sutherland tartan trews, glengarries with red-and-
white diced borders, white belts, and black leggings
as the uniform. To this was added on December 17,
1900, a drab service dress with red piping on the
trousers, grey felt hats, and putties, for use in undress
and marching order.
Forty-six members of the battalion served actively in
the South African War. Of these, 14 men served in
the 1st, Captain J. Paton and 11 men in the 2nd, and
8 men in the 3rd Volunteer Service Company of
the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. Private J.
yd Vol. Bat. Princess Louise's A.& S. H. 319
Campbell (1st Company) was killed at Rustenburg on
October 1, 1900, and Private C. Clanachan (3rd
Company) at Kaal Spruit on March 14, 1902. Private
J. Gilmour (2nd Company) died of disease, and Private
G. Williams (3rd Company) of wounds received at
Driekuil, April 3, 1902.
In 1900 "I" and "K" (Cyclist) Companies were
formed at Barrhead, but in 1903 the former was dis-
banded and the battalion then reduced to its latter-day
establishment of nine companies (one of them a cyclist
company). The battalion shared a rifle-range up to
900 yards at Patterton, near Thornliebank, with the
5th Volunteer Battalion Highland Light Infantry.
In 1892 Major Pollock of this battalion won the
Queen's Prize at Bisley.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding the battalion
have been —
John Graham (afterwards J. Barns-Graham), August 4, 1860.
Alexander Crum, April 10, 1875.
Eobert King (hon. col.), June 18, 1881.
Z. J. Heys, V.D. (hon. col.), May 29, 1889.
David Hamilton (hon. col.), April 27, 1898.
John M. Campbell, May 28, 1904.
J. Menzies, March 31, 1906.
320 Records of the Several Corps.
4th (STIBLINGSHIBE) VOLUNTEER BAT-
TALION, PBINCESS LOUISE'S (ABGYLL
AND SUTHEBLAND HIGHLANDEBS).
Regimental District, No. 91.
(Plate XLII.)
" South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence, 108.
Honorary Colonel— C. M. King, V.D. (hon. col.), May 5, 1897.
Headquarters — Stirling.
The 1st Administrative Battalion, Stirlingshire Bine
Volunteers, with headquarters at Stirling, was formed
on June 9, 1860, and to it, then or on their subsequent
date of formation, were attached the following corps,
all of one company, except the 8th, which was only-
one subdivision strong : —
1st, Stirling, formed October 14, 1859. A citizen corps. Uni-
form— dark grey, facings black.
2nd, Stirling, formed February 3, 1860. An artisan corps.
Uniform — dark grey, facings black.
3rd, Falkirk, formed March 27, 1860. Uniform — medium grey
with black braid, scarlet cuffs and collars, grey caps with
red-and-white diced band, and brown belts.
4th, Lennoxtown, formed March 6, 1860. Uniform — Elcho grey,
facings black with red piping.
5th, Balfron, formed May 1, 1860. Uniform — Elcho grey, facings
black with red piping. Disbanded 1879.
6th, Denny, formed April 11, 1860. Uniform — Elcho grey,
facings black.
7th, Lennox Mill, formed May 1, 1860. Uniform — Elcho grey,
facings green.
8th, Strathblane, formed May 25, 1860, as one subdivision.
Uniform — Elcho grey, facings green. Disbanded in 1863.
^th Vol. Bat. Princess Louise's A.& S. H. 321
9th, Bannockburn, formed May 21, 1860. Uniform — dark grey,
facings black.
11th, Stirling, formed December 6, 1860.
12th, Carron, formed February 10, 1862.
13th, Kilsyth, formed July 19, 1866.
As a county badge all the Stirlingshire corps wore a
band of Graham tartan (that of the Duke of Montrose,
the Lord-Lieutenant) round their caps at the Eoyal
Review in 1860, but this was discontinued after the
review, except in the case of the 2nd Corps, which
wore it in the form of a St Andrew's Cross in front
of their caps.
There existed a 10th Stirlingshire (Highland) Corps
at Stirling, formed on November 10, 1860, and dis-
banded in 1864, but it never formed part of the ad-
ministrative battalion, and the 14th Stirlingshire
Corps, raised at Alva on October 17, 1868, formed from
that date portion of the 1st Administrative Battalion,
Clackmannan E.V. (see 7th Volunteer Battalion).
The 1st and 2nd Clackmannan Corps were from 1862
attached to the Stirlingshire Battalion, but in 1867
were formed into an independent battalion (see 7th
Volunteer Battalion).
In 1862 all the Stirlingshire rifle corps adopted
trews of Graham tartan, continuing to wear their old
tunics, but on November 12, 1863, the battalion
assumed a uniform of rifle-green tunics with scarlet
collars and cuffs with black Austrian knot, Graham
tartan trews, green shakos with red, white, and green
diced band and black ball -tuft, and brown belts.
The officers wore tunics with black lace of rifle pattern,
lines, and lace on their shakos like the Highland Light
Infantry.
In March 1880 the battalion was consolidated as the
x
322 Records of the Several Corps.
1st Stirlingshire Rifle Volunteers, with headquarters
at Stirling, and ten companies, lettered : A, B, and F,
Stirling (late 1st, 2nd, and 11th Corps); C, Falkirk
(late 3rd) ; D, Lennox Mill (afterwards Falkirk, late
7th Corps) ; E, Lennoxtown (late 4th) ; G, Denny (late
6th) ; H, Bannockburn (late 9th) ; I, Carron (late
12th); and K, Kilsyth (late 13th). In 1882 the cuffs
and collars of the tunics were changed from scarlet to
rifle-green, and the piping and Austrian knot to light
green, and on November 15, 1886, the uniform was
changed to scarlet doublets with yellow facings,
Sutherland tartan trews, glengarries with red-and-
white diced borders, and brown belts, sashes being
worn by Serjeants only. In 1887 (General Order 181
of December 1 ) the battalion assumed the title of 4th
(Stirlingshire) V.B. Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.
Fifty -seven members of the battalion served in
the field during the South African War. Of these,
Lieutenant J. Hunter (who died of enteric fever) and
18 men served with the 1st, 13 men with the 2nd, and
5 men with the 3rd Volunteer Service Company of the
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.
In 1904 the headquarters of "H" and "I"
Companies were transferred from Bannockburn and
Carron to Stenhousemuir, and in 1906 those of "F"
Company to Falkirk, so that the distribution of the
battalion after 1906 was : A and B Companies, Stirling ;
C, D, and F, Falkirk ; E, Lennoxtown ; G, Denny ;
H and I, Stenhousemuir ; and K, Kilsyth. The
battalion range, which extended up to 1000 yards,
was at Greenhill, and "E" Company had its own range,
up to 600 yards, at South Brae, near its headquarters.
In 1878 Private Rae of the 11th Stirlingshire won
the Queen's Prize at the National Rifle Association
meeting.
$th Vol. Bat. Princess Louise's A.&S.H. 323
The lieutenant-colonels commanding the battalion
have been —
J. Dundas, May 29, 1861.
Alexander Wilson, V.D., October 26, 1872.
Charles Ml. King, February 21, 1880.
Alexander Nimmo (hon. col.), May 27, 1885.
Donald MacFadyen, V.D. (hon. col.), March 10, 1888.
John W. King, V.D. (hon. col.), May 2, 1900.
Robert Morton, V.D. (hon. col.), January 2, 1904
Ebenezer Simpson, V.D. (hon. col.), November 8, 1906.
5th volunteer battalion, princess
louise's (argyll and suther-
land highlanders).
Regimental District, No. 91.
(Plate XLIII.)
" South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 196.
Honorary Colonel— J. D. S. Duke of Argyll, K.T., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O.,
V.D., September 20, 1902.
Headquarters — Dunoon.
The following corps of rifle volunteers were raised in
the county of Argyll : —
2nd,1 Inveraray, formed May 4, 1860, of one company.
3rd, Campbeltown, formed April 16, 1860, of two companies.
5th,1 Mull, formed December 6, 1860, of one company ; disbanded
1862.
6th, Melfort, formed April 22, 1860, of two companies ; disbanded
1864.
1 No trace can be found of a 1st or 4th Corps. Such never appeared in
an Army List.
324 Records of the Several Corps.
7th, Dunoon, formed March 28, 1860, of one company.
8th, Cowal, formed June 4, 1860, of two companies. Head-
quarters changed to G-lendaruel 1862, reduced to one com-
pany 1864.
9th, Glenorchy, formed April 12, 1860, of one company.
Headquarters changed to Dalmally 1869, disbanded 1870.
10th, Tayvollich, near Ardrishaig, formed June 4, 1860, by
Campbell of Inverneill, from men of the Ross estate, as one
company. It had medium grey uniform with green facings
and piping, shakos with a band of Argyll (Cawdor) Campbell
tartan, and brown belts. Disbanded in 1869, the Ardrishaig
detachment joining the 14th Corps.
11th, Oban, formed July 7, 1860, of one company; disbanded
1865.
12th, Bridgend, Islay, formed June 7, 1861, of one company ;
disbanded 1865.
13th, Ballachulish, formed August 31, 1867, as one company;
increased to two companies 1873.
14th, Kilmartin, formed January 15, 1868, of one company.
Except the above description of the uniform of
the 10th Corps, and statements that the 9th Corps
wore grey doublets with green facings and kilts of
Breadalbane Campbell tartan, and that the uniforms
of all the other corps originally were " dark grey
with trousers," nothing is known of the uniforms first
worn.
In July 1861 the 1st Administrative Battalion,
Argyllshire Rifle Volunteers, with headquarters at
Oban, was formed. It included the 2nd, 3rd, 7th,
and 11th Corps, to which the 6th and 10th were
added in 1862, the 12th in 1863, and the 8th in 1864.
The 6th Corps was disbanded in 1864, and the 11th
and 12th in 1865, but in the latter year the 9th Corps,
which since December 1860 had been attached to the
3rd Perthshire or 2nd Administrative Battalion Perth-
shire Rifle Volunteers, was transferred to the battalion,
3 §
it a
$th Vol. Bat. Princess Louise's A. & S. H. 325
and in 1867 the 13th and in 1868 the 14th Corps were
added to it. The 10th Corps was disbanded in 1869
and the 9th in 1870. Battalion headquarters were in
1866 moved to Ardrishaig, and in 1867 to Dunoon.
The scattered nature of the battalion may be gathered
from the fact that, on the 6th August 1868, the 2nd,
3rd, and 7th Corps assembled for battalion drill and
inspection at Rothesay (not in the county !), and that
this was the first occasion since the formation of the
battalion in which any two of its corps had met for
drill.
In 1863 or 1864 the battalion adopted a uniform of
green doublets with scarlet collars, cuffs, and piping,
Argyll (Cawdor) Campbell tartan kilts and belted
plaids, white sporrans with three black tails, heather
mixture hose, Highland brogues, glengarries with badge
of bugle and crown with a boar's head in the centre
(Balmoral bonnets with blackcock's tail for the 2nd
Corps), and black belts. There were minor differences
among corps — e.g., the 13th and 14th Corps had square
cuffs with upright patch, while the others had gauntlet
pattern, and the 14th had grey goatskin sporrans.
Brown spats were adopted in 1870. In 1867 the 2nd
Corps changed its uniform to scarlet doublets with
green facings, Argyll (Cawdor) Campbell kilts, black
sporrans with three white tails, red -and -black diced
hose, white spats, glengarry with blackcock's tail, and
white belts. The 9th Corps until its disbandment
retained its grey uniform with green facings and
Breadalbane Campbell kilts.
On March 23, 1874, authority was given for the
whole battalion to wear scarlet doublets with yellow
facings, Argyll (Cawdor) Campbell tartan kilts, white
sporrans with two black tails, red - and - black diced
hose, white spats, plain glengarries with the badge
326 Records of the Several Corps.
hitherto worn, and white belts, and this change was
finally carried out by April 1, 1879.
On March 26, 1880, the battalion, then reduced to
the 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 8th, 13th, and 14th Corps, was
consolidated as the 2nd (re-numbered 1st in September)
Argyllshire Highland Rifle Volunteers, with head-
quarters at Dunoon, and eight companies, lettered as
follows : A, Inveraray (late 2nd) ; B and C, Campbel-
town (late 3rd) ; D, Dunoon (late 7th) ; E, Glendaruel
(late 8th); F and G, Ballachulish (late 13th); and H,
Kilmartin (late 14th). The year 1880 is also noted in
the annals of the battalion, as in it Private Ferguson
won the Queen's Cup at the National Rifle Association
meeting.
On December 1, 1882, the headquarters of G Com-
pany were moved from Ballachulish to Southend, near
Campbeltown, and on February 21, 1883, the tartan of
the kilts was changed to that worn by the Argyll and
Sutherland Highlanders, and the glengarry with red-
and-white diced border replaced the plain one hitherto
worn. In 1887, by General Order 181 of December 1,
the battalion assumed the title of 5 th V.B. Argyll and
Sutherland Highlanders.
Sixty-one members of the battalion served in South
Africa during the war. Of these, Lieutenant A. J.
Macarthur and 15 men served with the 1st, 15 men
with the 2nd, and Captain and Honorary Major
G. H. Black and 23 men with the 3rd Volunteer
Service Company of the Argyll and Sutherland High-
landers. Corporal W. Gillespie of the 1st Company
was killed at Commando Nek on October 1, 1900, this
being the only casualty among the men of the 5th V.B.
Surgeon-Captain J. P. Brown and Captain J. Pender
also served in the war, the former as a civil surgeon,
the latter in the remount department.
$th Vol. Bat. Princess Louise's A. & S. H. 327
In 1900 a new company, "I," was formed at Carra-
dale, also a cyclist company, "K," with headquarters
at Campbeltown, but recruited from all over the battalion
area. On June 18, 1902, a blue Kilmarnock bonnet
with red - and - white diced band and red tuft was
adopted as the full head-dress, the glengarry being
retained for undress.
The distribution of the battalion from 1900 onwards
was as follows: —
F Company, Ballachulish.
Q Company, Southend ; detachments
at Kilkenzie and Glenbar.
H Company, Kilmartin, with detach-
ment at Ardrishaig.
I Company, Carradale, with detach-
ment at Tayinloan.
A Company, Inveraray ; detachments
at Dalmally and Furnace.
B, C, and K (Cyclist) Companies,
Campbeltown.
D Company, Dunoon.
E Company, Glendaruel ; detach-
ments at Strachur, Tighna-
bruaich, and Lochgoilhead.
Corresponding to its scattered distribution, the
battalion had nineteen rifle-ranges.
The lieutenant -colonels commanding the battalion
have been —
C. A. Stewart, Major, December 9, 1861; Lieut-Colonel, Septem-
ber 4, 1862.
Archibald Campbell of Glendaruel, late 42nd Foot, May 31, 1867.
John W. Malcolm of Poltalloch (afterwards Lord Malcolm), late
Captain Kent Artillery Militia, C.B., V.D. (hon. col.),
March 30, 1872.
Duncan Campbell of Inverneill, late Captain 89th Foot (hon. col.),
December 8, 1897.
Edward P. Campbell of South Hall, Major (retired pay), late
Eoyal Highlanders (hon. col.), May 10, 1905.
328 Records of the Several Corps.
1st DUMBARTONSHIRE VOLUNTEER RIFLE
CORPS.
Regimental District, No. 91.
(Plate XLIV.)
" South Africa, 1900-02." | Order of Precedence, 208.
Honorary Colonel — J. McA. Denny, V.D. (hon. col.), February 7, 1903.
Headquarters — Hslensburgh.
The 1st Administrative Battalion, Dumbartonshire
Rifle Volunteers, with headquarters at Balloch, was
formed May 7, 1860, and in it were included, then or
on their subsequent date of formation, the following
corps of rifle volunteers (of one company each, except
where otherwise stated) raised in the county : —
1st, Kow, raised February 18, 1860. Headquarters changed
January 1, 1873, to Helensburgh.
2nd, East Kilpatrick, raised February 8, 1860. Uniform — slate-
grey tunics with black collars, black braid all round and on the
cuff, grey trousers and cap, both with black braid, and brown
belts. Headquarters changed to Maryhill and corps in-
creased to one and a half companies in 1868.
3rd, Bonhill, raised February 8, 1860.
4th, Jamestown, raised February 8, 1860.
5th, Alexandria, raised February 8, 1860.
^th, Dumbarton, raised February 8, 1860. Uniform — slate-grey
tunics with double black braid all round and in four rows
on the breast, black collar with red piping, black braid with
red piping on the cuff, grey trousers with red piping, grey cap
with red-and-grey diced band, and brown belts. Increased
to one and a half companies in 1878.
7th, Cardross, services accepted November 11, 1859 ; officers
commissioned March 15, 1860.
8th, Gareloch, raised February 16, 1860, as one subdivision. In-
ist Dumbartonshire Vol. Rifle Corps. 329
creased to one company 1863, and amalgamated with "the
1st Corps on June 24, 1865.
9th, Luss, raised February 8, 1860, as one subdivision. Increased
to one company on August 28, 1868.
10th, Kirkintilloch, raised March 5, 1860. Increased to one
and a half companies 1874. Uniform — slate-grey, facings
scarlet.
11th, Cumbernauld, raised June 13, 1860.
12th, Tarbert (with a detachment at Arrochar), raised as one
subdivision March 7, 1861 ; disbanded 1869.
13th, Milngavie, services accepted August 9, 1867 ; officers com-
missioned August 23, 1867.
14th, Clydebank, Dalmuir, services accepted May 18, 1875 ;
officers commissioned June 23, 1875.
The uniforms of the first twelve corps were all slate
grey, and shortly after the formation of the battalion
they were dressed uniformly in tunics, trousers, and
shakos of that colour with scarlet facings and piping,
grey - and - scarlet diced band and scarlet ball -tuft on
the shakos, and brown waist and pouch belts. This
uniform was worn till 1864, when it was replaced by
a rifle-green one with scarlet collars and piping, and
black braid on the cuffs, green shakos with black ball-
tuft and red - and - black diced band, and black belts.
Busbies with black and light green plumes replaced the
shakos in 1874 (when also a double red piping was
added to the cuffs) and were worn till November 17,
1881, when helmets with bronze ornaments took their
place. The 9th Corps (Luss) was in 1864 clothed in
green doublets and Colquhoun tartan kilts, and con-
tinued to wear this uniform till its disbandment in
1882.
On April 28, 1880, the battalion was consolidated
under the title of 1st Dumbartonshire RV.C, the
headquarters being removed to Helensburgh, with twelve
companies, lettered as follows : A, Helensburgh (late
33° Records of the Several Corps.
1st Corps) ; B, Cardross (late 7th) ; C, Dumbarton
(late 6th) ; D, Bonhill (late 3rd) ; E, Jamestown
(late 4th) ; F, Alexandria (late 5th) ; G, Clydebank (late
14th) ; H, Maryhill (late 2nd) ; I, Milngavie (late
13th); K, Kirkintilloch (late 10th); L, Cumbernauld
(late 11th); and M, Luss (late 9th).
In 1882 the Queen's Prize at Wimbledon was won
by Serjeant A. Lawrance of the battalion. In this
year also (on January 1, 1882) the "M" (Luss) Com-
pany was disbanded, and a new " M " Company was
raised on February 12, 1882, at Eenton. In 1884
" L n Company at Cumbernauld became a detachment
of " K " Company, and a new " L " Company was raised
on April 1, 1884, at Yoker. In 1900 a company of
mounted infantry, lettered " O," with headquarters at
Maryhill, and a cyclist company, lettered "Q," with head-
quarters at Dumbarton, were added to the battalion.
On March 8, 1887, sanction was given for the
battalion to adopt the scarlet doublet with yellow
facings and the glengarry with red -and -white diced
border of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, to
be worn with Sutherland trews. The belts were
changed to white. Officers and staff- Serjeants wore
blackcocks' tails in the glengarries in review order, and
all ranks white spats in review and black leggings in
marching order. Sashes were not worn. On March 29,
1904, a drab service dress with red piping on the
trousers was authorised, and this was the sole uniform
of the mounted and cyclist companies, which wore
brown felt hats with it.
During the South African War the 1st Dumbarton
contributed 98 of its members to the various new
formations. Of these, Lieutenant R. L. Stevenson and
24 non - commissioned officers and men served in
the 1st, 24 men in the 2nd, and 19 men in
ist Dumbartonshire Vol. Rifle Corps. 331
the 3rd Volunteer Service Company of the Argyll
and Sutherland Highlanders. Of the 1st Com-
pany, Privates J. C. Morrison, W. R. Kelly, and
D. W. Moore died of disease in South Africa, and
Lance - Corporal W. L. L. Fitzwilliam and Private
R. M. Duncan after being invalided home, and of the
2nd Company, Lance -Corporal T. Stevenson died of
disease in South Africa. One man joined the Scot-
tish Cyclist Company, and 29 men the Imperial
Yeomanry, of whom Private Neilson died of disease.
Captain R. L. Stevenson also served a second period
with the Imperial Yeomanry. One hundred and
seven men of the battalion, in addition, joined the
regular army and militia during the war, and 28
non-commissioned officers and men (including Staff-
Serjeant Cumming, who was mentioned in despatches)
of the A. & S. H. Brigade Bearer Company, attached
to the battalion, served with the R.A.M.C. in South
Africa.
In 1906 the battalion was placed in the 31st Field
Army Brigade, 16th Division, and attended camp for
fifteen days.
The distribution of the battalion since 1900 was —
A Coy., Helensburgh. G Coy., Clydebank.
B Coy., Cardross, with a detach- H and 0 Coys., Maryhill.
ment at Dalreoch. I Coy., Milngavie.
C and Q Coys., Dumbarton. K Coy, Kirkintilloch, with a de-
D Coy., Bonhill. tachment at Cumbernauld.
E Coy, Jamestown. L Coy., Yoker.
F Coy., Alexandria. M Coy., Kenton.
The battalion had a central rifle-range at Auchin-
carroch, in the Vale of Leven, up to 900 yards, and A,
I, and K Companies had also ranges near their head-
quarters, that of the latter being held in conjunction
with E Company, 4th V.B. Argyll and Sutherland High-
landers.
332 Records of the Several Corps.
The lieutenant-colonels commandant of the battalion
have been —
J. M. Gartshore, May 7, 1860.
John Findlay of Boturich (commanded at the same time the
Highland Borderers Militia), October 13, 1862.
Colin J. Campbell, late Lieutenant 2nd Dragoons, December 2,
1876.
H. Currie, late Captain 74th and 79th Foot, and former Adjutant
of the battalion (hon. col.), September 13, 1879.
James R. Thomson (hon. col.), December 8, 1888.
John McA. Denny (hon. col.), March 20, 1895.
Henry Brock, V.D. (hon. col.), January 17, 1903.
7th (CLACKMANNAN AND KINROSS) VOLUN-
TEER BATTALION, PRINCESS LOUISE'S
(ARGYLL AND SUTHERLAND HIGHLANDERS).
Regimental District , JVo. 91.
(Plate XLV.)
" South Africa, 1901-02." | Order of Precedence, 219.
Honorary Colonel — W. J. F. Earl of Mar and Kellie, August 5, 1896.
Headquarters — Alloa.
The first meetings with a view to the formation of
volunteer rifle corps in Clackmannanshire were held
at Tillicoultry on the 4th, and at Alloa on the 5th
November 1859, but it was not till March 10, 1860,
that the services of the Tillicoultry Corps, of one com-
pany, and June 2 that those of the Alloa Corps, of two
companies, were accepted, the delay being due to the
absence of the Lord-Lieutenant. The Tillicoultry Corps
was at first numbered " 1," but this was afterwards
7th Vol. Bat. Princess Louise's A.& S. H. 333
changed, the Alloa Corps becoming the 1st and the
Tillicoultry Corps the 2nd, the officers of both being
gazetted on June 29, 1860. Each member paid for
his own uniform and equipment, which consisted of
medium grey tunics and trousers, with black braid and
lace on the breast of the tunics and green facings, a
grey cap with green band, and brown belts. A band
of Graham tartan was worn round the caps at the
Royal Review of 1860 as a battalion badge (see 4th
V.B.), and was retained by the Clackmannan Corps
till 1863, when a grey, green, and white diced band
was substituted for it.
In 1862 both corps were attached to the 1st Ad-
ministrative Battalion, Stirlingshire Rifle Volunteers,
and in 1865 it was decided to re-clothe the two corps
in green doublets with black braid and red collars and
cuffs, Graham tartan trews, round green caps without
peak and with red, white, and green diced band, and
brown belts.
On November 5, 1867, the 1st Corps was increased
to four companies, the fourth (D) being at Dollar, and
it and the 2nd Corps were taken away from the Stir-
lingshire Battalion and formed into the 1st Adminis-
trative Battalion, Clackmannanshire Rifle Volunteers,
with headquarters at Alloa, to which the 14th Stirling-
shire Corps at Alva (raised on October 17, 1868) was
added in 1868, and the 1st Kinross Corps in 1873.
The latter corps had been raised as a subdivision at
Kinross on October 31, 1860, and increased to a com-
pany on May 1, 1861, and had hitherto been attached
to the 1st Administrative Battalion Fifeshire R.V. (see
6th V.B. Black Watch), whose changes of uniform it
had followed. On the battalion being formed, it was
determined not to proceed with the change of uniform
decided on in 1865, which had only partially been car-
334 Records of the Several Corps.
ried out, and instead a uniform of dark grey doublets
with scarlet collars, cuffs, and piping, the cuffs being
pointed and with black lace, Murray tartan trews (out
of compliment to Lord Mansfield, the Lord-Lieutenant),
dark grey forage caps without peaks and with red,
white, and green diced band, and brown belts was
adopted. The officers had black braid on the breast
of the doublet and silver lace round the top of the
cap. The 14th Stirlingshire were clothed in this
uniform on their formation. In 1874 the doublets
were changed to scarlet with blue facings, and plain
glengarries (with blackcock's tail for officers) were
substituted for the caps, the Murray tartan trews
and brown belts being retained.
In February 1880 the battalion was consolidated
as the 1st Clackmannan and Kinross Bine Volunteers,
with headquarters at Alloa, and seven companies, let-
tered as follows : A and C, Alloa ; B, Sauchie ; and
D, Dollar (all late 1st Clackmannan) ; E, Tillicoultry
(late 2nd Clackmannan) ; F, Alva (late 14th Stirling) ;
and G, Kinross (late 1st Kinross). In 1882 a section
was formed at Clackmannan, and in 1883 it was in-
creased to a complete company and lettered "H."
Since then, with the exception of the formation in
1900 of a section of "H" Company at Kincardine
and of a cyclist section at Kelty, attached to the
Kinross Company, in 1903, there were no changes in
the organisation of the battalion.
In 1887, by General Order 181 of December 1, the
battalion assumed the title of 7th (Clackmannan and
Kinross) V.B. Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, and
on February 21, 1888, it was authorised to wear the
uniform of the regular battalions, but with trews and
glengarry bonnets with red-and-white diced borders,
the brown belts being changed for white. Officers
*]th Vol. Bat. Princess Louise's A. & S. H. 335
wore shoulder -plaids, claymore belts, claymores, and
dirks.
During the South African War, 85 members of the
battalion, including 3 officers, saw active service. Of
these, 11 men joined the 1st Volunteer Company,
Lieutenant C. W. L. Ross and 17 men the 2nd, and
Lieutenant H. R. Rae and 24 men (of whom 5 had
already served in the 1st) the 3rd Volunteer Com-
pany of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, and
16 men joined the Scottish Volunteer Cyclist Company,
Lieutenant A. M. Muir and the remaining men joining
other corps.
As headquarters for the battalion, Alloa prison was
purchased in 1882, and enlarged and completed with
drill-hall, offices, armoury, &c. The battalion had its
rifle-range up to 900 yards at Hillend, near Alloa, and
G Company had a separate range up to 600 yards at
Blairadam.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding have been —
Alexander Mitchell, Major, November 5, 1867; Lieut. -Colonel,
February 10, 1871.
John B. Harvey (hon. col.), December 21, 1887.
James Porteous, V.D. (hon. col.), January 24, 1891.
Andrew T. Moyes, V.D. (hon. col.), March 3, 1897.
Eobert Haig of Dollarfield, January 25, 1902.
James Craig, September 13, 1906.
336 Records of the Several Corps.
7th MIDDLESEX (LONDON SCOTTISH)
VOLUNTEER RIFLE CORPS.
(Rifle Depot.)
(Plate XLVI.)
" South Africa, 1900-02." | Order op Precedence, 11.
Honorary Colonel— 1. D. S. Duke of Argyll, K.T., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O.,
V.D., August 11, 1900.
Headquarters — 59 Buckingham Gate, London, S.W.
On May 21, 1859, at a meeting of the Highland Society
of London, it was announced that a movement was on
foot to raise a corps of Scottish volunteers in London,
and the outcome of this was a meeting at the Free-
masons' Tavern on July 4, 1859, with Lord Elcho in
the chair, at which it was resolved to form such a
corps. On November 2, 1859, the services of the
corps as the 15th Middlesex (London Scottish) Rifle
Volunteer Corps, with an establishment of six com-
panies, were accepted. The companies originally formed
were distributed over London as follows, and their re-
cruitment was confined to Scotsmen resident in the
Metropolis : —
No. 1 (Highland) Company. Headquarters, 10 Pall Mall, East.
No. 2 (City) Company. Mainly recruited from employes of the
Oriental Bank, with headquarters there.
No. 3 (Northern) Company. Headquarters, Eosemary Hall,
Islington.
No. 4 (Central) Company. Headquarters, Scottish Corporation
House, Crane Court.
No. 5 (Southern) Company. Headquarters, 68 Jermyn Street,
S.W.
No. 6 (Western) Company. Headquarters, Chesterfield House,
W.
*]th Middlesex Volunteer Rifle Corps. 337
The corps was largely aided at first by the sub-
scriptions of Scotsmen in London, and had a large
number of honorary members. The entrance-fee was
fixed at £1 and the annual subscription at £1,
members providing their own uniform and equip-
ment; but of the 600 men originally recruited, 340
were " artisans," who paid no entrance - fee and only
5s. a-year subscription, and of these only 50 provided
their own uniforms, the rest being equipped from
corps funds. The corps was thus thoroughly repre-
sentative of all classes of Scots in London. Two of
the companies were mainly, but not entirely, composed
of such "artisans," the others were mixed. In 1862
the entrance - fee was abolished, and since then the
necessary qualifications for entrance have been only
the introduction of a member and Scottish nation-
ality.
The original uniform was, for the 1st Company,
Elcho grey tunics, short skirted and with the skirts
rounded in front, with blue collars and cuffs, white-
metal buttons, grey lace on the collar, and grey
Austrian knot, Elcho grey kilts, goatskin sporrans
with two black tails, grey hose, laced boots, blue
glengarries with thistle badge, and brown belts; for
the 2nd to 6th Companies similar tunics with long
skirts, grey trousers with blue piping, brown canvas
leggings, and grey caps with sloping peak, blue-and-
white diced band, and blackcock's tail on the left
side. In 1862 the glengarry bonnet with blackcock's
tail was adopted as head-dress for the whole battalion.
In November 1860 the establishment of the bat-
talion was officially increased to ten companies ; but
this increase appears never to have been carried out,
for in 1861 No. 2 Company became No. 7, a new
No. 2 was raised, and a new No. 8 was formed as
338 Records of the Several Corps.
a kilted company, thus only raising the actual strength
to eight companies, the two flank companies being
kilted, the others wearing tunics and trousers, and
all the glengarry with blackcock's tail.
The first honorary colonel of the corps was Lieu-
tenant-General Colin Campbell, Lord Clyde, appointed
in 1861, and, after his death in 1863, another dis-
tinguished Scottish officer, Lieutenant - General Sir
James Hope Grant, was appointed to the same honour,
which he held till his death in 1875.
In 1865 No. 3 Company was absorbed into the
others, and in 1866 a new kilted company was formed
under the Marquis of Lome and lettered " B," the
former 1st (kilted) Company becoming "A," the 2nd
and 6th being amalgamated as " E," and the 4th, 5th,
7th, and 8th Companies becoming " C," " D," " F,"
and "H" respectively, letter "G" being left vacant.
" A," " B," and " H " were then the kilted companies.
In 1870 "E," and in 1872 "C," "D," and "F" Com-
panies were kilted, thus completing the corps as a
kilted battalion. On November 1, 1881, a new"G"
Company was formed, thus attaining to the establish-
ment of eight companies, which had been laid down
in 1865 though never reached. In 1884 authority
was given to increase the establishment to ten com-
panies, and on November 1 of that year "I" and
" K " Companies were formed.
In 1880, in accordance with an announcement in the
' London Gazette ' of September 3, the corps was re-
numbered the 7th Middlesex (London Scottish) Rifle
Volunteers. No further changes in the establishment
of the battalion (except the increase in the number
of privates in 1901) took place after 1884.
The original kilted dress underwent few changes.
In 1868 all the companies (including those not kilted)
*]tk Middlesex Volunteer Rifle Corps. 339
were permitted to wear grey belted plaids, and in 1872
bronze buttons were introduced in place of those of
white metal, but in 1880 the latter were reverted to.
In 1882 doublets with gauntlet cuff and blue piping
replaced the tunics hitherto in use, and grey linen
spats, worn with shoes, were taken into wear, the
grey spats being exchanged for white ten years later.
In 1890 the valise equipment was introduced, the
shoulder-belts and expanse pouches being done away
with. Till 1882 it had been the custom for each
company to wear a separate badge in the glengarry
on special occasions (thus, " A " Company, deer grass ;
"B" Company, the Clan Campbell badge of myrtle,
&c. ; the companies which had no special badge wear-
ing holly), but in that year the holly badge was made
common to all companies, and was worn when specially
ordered.
In 1872 Colour - Serjeant Michie of the London
Scottish won the Queen's Prize at the National Rifle
Association meeting at Wimbledon.
During the South African War no fewer than 218
members of the corps saw active service in the field.
Lieutenant B. C. Green and 45 other ranks joined
the City of London Imperial Volunteers in December
1899, and of these Lieutenant Green, Serjeant-Major
T. Smith, Armourer- Serjeant E. A. H. Gordon, and
Serjeant J. T. Hutchison were mentioned in Lord
Roberts' despatch of September 4, 1901, and Serjeant-
Major Smith and Serjeant Hutchison received the
medal for distinguished conduct. Nine more men
followed as a draft for the City Imperial Volunteers
in June 1900.
To the 2nd Volunteer Service Company of the
Gordon Highlanders the London Scottish contributed
Captains A. W. Buckingham and 56 other ranks, the
340 Records of the Several Corps.
remainder of the company being made up from the
5th and 6th Volunteer Battalions Gordon Highlanders.
This company left Aberdeen on February 23, and
joined the 2nd Battalion at Lady smith on March 25.
Captain A. E. Rogers of the London Scottish served
with it as a volunteer, and commanded it after Cap-
tain Buckingham was invalided. At the action of
Rooikopjes on July 24, Corporal E. B. M. Murray of
the London Scottish was dangerously wounded, and
afterwards died, and Captain Rogers was slightly
wounded. On September 8, near Lydenburg, a shell
burst immediately above the company, which lost
3 killed and 16 wounded, of whom Serjeant W. F.
Budgett, killed, and 10 men wounded belonged to
the London Scottish. During the campaign Lance-
Serjeant W. H. Kidd, Private D. E. Thomson, and
Private T. P. Menzies died of disease. The company
returned to Aberdeen on May 3. Serjeant E. Gavin
and Corporal F. C. Thorne were mentioned in Lord
Roberts' despatch of September 4, 1901.
To the 3rd Volunteer Service Company of the
Gordon Highlanders (see 1st Volunteer Battalion)
the London Scottish sent Captain B. C. Green (who
had already served with the City Imperial Volunteers),
2nd Lieutenant H. G. H. Newington, and 26 other
ranks, of whom Serjeant W. Steven was mentioned
for gallantry on August 10, when a derailed train
was attacked near Pietersburg (Lord Kitchener's
despatch of October 8, 1901), and Serjeant F. H.
Harris died of disease. To the 4th Service Company
the London Scottish contributed 4 men, and Captain
Gun was transferred to the command of it from
the 3rd. Lieutenants J. H. Torrance and C. J.
Dyke, 2nd Lieutenant W. N. Clark, and 27 men
joined the Imperial Yeomanry in 1900, and 29 men
Army Service Corps. 341
in 1901, and in the latter year 1 man also joined
Lovat's Scouts. The remainder of the 218 served in
various corps.
The headquarters of the corps were first established
at 8 Aldephi Terrace, and in 1873 removed to 1a
Adam Street, Adelphi, W.C. There they remained
until 1886, when newly built headquarters, with drill-
hall, armoury, &c, at 59 Buckingham Gate, S.W.,
were taken into use. The musketry of the corps
was carried out on the Pirbright Ranges, near
Aldershot.
The lieutenant-colonels commanding the corps have
been —
F. Lord Elcho (afterwards Earl of Wemyss), Colonel, A.D.C.,
January 30, 1860.
Henry Lumsden, late Captain Eoyal Aberdeen Militia (hon.
col.), December 7, 1878.
William E. Nicol, March 14, 1891.
Eustace J. A. Balfour, April 28, 1894.
W. E. Edmonstone Montgomerie, V.D. (hon. col.), December 3,
1902.
James W. Greig, V.D. (hon. col.), December 3, 1904.
ARMY SERVICE CORPS (VOLUNTEERS).
(Plate XL VII.)
The Army Service Corps companies date from 1902,
and were allotted one to each Volunteer Infantry
Brigade. They were attached to volunteer battalions
for administration as follows : —
Argyll and Sutherland Brigade Coy. A.S.C.(V.) — 1st Dum-
barton V.R.C.
342 Records of the Several Corps.
Black Watch Brigade Coy. A.S.C.(V.)— 4th V.B. Eoyal High-
landers.
Gordon Brigade Coy. A.S.C.(V.)— 4th V.B. Gordon Highlanders.
Highland Light Infantry Brigade Coy. A.S.C.(V.) — 3rd V.B.
Highland Light Infantry.
1st Lothian Brigade Coy. A.S.C.(V.)— Q.R.V.B. Royal Scots.
Scottish Border Brigade Coy. A.S.C.(V.)— 2nd V.B. King's Own
Scottish Borderers.
Seaforth and Cameron Brigade Coy. A.S.C.(V.) — 1st V.B.
Cameron Highlanders.
No companies had been formed for the Clyde,
Scottish Rifles, and 2nd Lothian Brigades.
Each company consisted of a headquarters and a
supply section. The headquarters consisted of 1
major or captain, 1 subaltern, 1 company serjeant-
major and quartermaster - Serjeant, 2 Serjeants, 2
corporals, 1 wheeler, 1 shoeing-smith, and 1 saddler ;
and the supply section numbered 1 captain, 1 staff-
serjeant, 1 Serjeant, 1 corporal and 2 privates as
clerks and issuers, 1 corporal and 2 privates as
butchers, 1 private as labourer, and 2 drivers for
each vehicle. The vehicles were one 2-horsed waggon
for each battalion of the brigade and one for com-
pany headquarters. This 'personnel belonged to and
was borne supernumerary to the establishment of one
or more battalions of the brigade.
The uniform was that of the Army Service Corps —
blue with white facings and helmets, but with white-
metal buttons and silver lace.
Royal Army Medical Corps. 343
ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS
(VOLUNTERS).
(Plate XLVII.)
The Royal Army Medical Corps (Volunteers) were first
formed as the "Volunteer Medical Staff Corps," and
received their later title under Army Order 27 of
February 1902. The force in Scotland was divided
into the Edinburgh Company, the Aberdeen Companies,
the Glasgow Companies, and a number of Brigade
Bearer Companies, the establishments of which are
given in Appendix G. The uniform was the same
as that of the Royal Army Medical Corps — blue
with dull cherry facings and helmets, but with white-
metal buttons and silver lace.
EDINBURGH COMPANY.
This company was raised in Edinburgh, mainly from
medical students of the University, as the 2nd Division
Volunteer Medical Staff Corps, on May 22, 1886.
Thirty-four of its members served in South Africa
during the war, of whom Captain David Wallace
was mentioned in despatches (' London Gazette,' April
16, 1901).
Its commanding officers have been —
Surgeon David Hepburn, M.D. (afterwards Major), May 22,
1886.
Lieutenant D. Waterston, M.D. (Captain, August 11, 1906),
January 7, 1903.
344 Records of the Several Corps.
ABERDEEN COMPANIES.
The formation of one company, as the 7th Division
Volunteer Medical Staff Corps, at Aberdeen was
authorised on May 13, 1888. It was composed en-
tirely of medical students of the University of
Aberdeen, and its officers were first commissioned on
April 17, 1889. In 1905 a second company was
added, and also transport sections for two field
hospitals and the bearer company of the Gordon
Volunteer Infantry Brigade. Headquarters were at
the Albert Hall, 14 Union Wynd, Aberdeen.
Six members of the company served during the
South African "War, of whom one, Private Alexander
Watt, was killed in action.
The commanding officers have been —
Surgeon Alexander MacGregor, M.D., April 17, 1889.
Captain (Major, 1902) James Mackenzie Booth, M.A., M.D.,
September 8, 1891.
Major John Scott Kiddell, M.V.O., M.A., M.B., July 2, 1904.
GLASGOW COMPANIES.
Two companies were formed on July 11, 1894, and
these were increased to five in 1901. To the com-
panies were also attached transport sections for six
field hospitals and two bearer companies. Head-
quarters were at Gilbert Street, Yorkhill, Glasgow.
Forty -nine members of the companies served in
South Africa during the war.
The commanding officer was —
Lieut-Colonel Sir George T. Beatson, K.C.B., V.D., M.D. (hon.
col.), who was appointed Captain Commanding June 23,
1894, Major on July 25, 1900, and Lieutenant - Colonel
May 8, 1901.
Royal Army Medical Corps. 345
BEARER COMPANIES.
The following Brigade Bearer Companies were in-
dependent units : —
Argyll and Sutherland — 21 Jardine Street, Glasgow.
Black Watch — 107 Victoria Road, Dundee.
Highland Light Infantry — 81 Greendyke Street, Glasgow.
1st Lothian — 71 Gilmore Place, Edinburgh.
Seaforth and Cameron — 10 Bank Street, Inverness.
The Bearer Company for the Gordon Brigade formed
portion of the Aberdeen Companies RA.M.C.(V.),
and its strength was included in that unit. That
for the Scottish Border Brigade was borne super-
numerary to the establishment of the 3rd Volunteer
Battalion, King's Own Scottish Borderers, and the
other bearer companies had not, up to 1908, been
formed, but would have been found by the Boyal
Army Medical Corps (Volunteers).
346
Appendix A,
APPENDIX A.
LIST OF RIFLE CORPS FORMED IN THE COUNTY OF ABERDEEN.
No.
Headquarters.
Date of Officers'
Commissions.
Remarks.
Included
in Records of—
1
Tarves
Feb.
15, 1860
2 companies. Became 2nd, July
19, 1860, and increased to 3
companies
2nd V. Gordons
2
Apparently never existed. 1 st (see
above) became 2nd on July 19,
1860
Formed as "1st Subdivision."
.,
3
Cluny
Apr.
16, 1860
4th
Increased to 1 company and
became 3rd Corps, July 19, 1860
4
Alford
Mar.
12 „
Formed as "2nd Subdivision."
Became 4th Corps, July 19, 1860.
Raised to 1 company, October
2, 1860.
" "
5
Apparently never existed
6
Aberdeen
Nov.
19, 1859
Became 1st Corps on July 19, 1860,
the 7th, 8th, 9th, 11th, 12th,
and 13th Corps having been
added to it on March 16, 1860,
making 9 companies in all
1st V. Gordons
7
n
M
19 „
Added to 6th, March 16, 1860
8
"
"
26 „
Raised to 2 companies, December
30, 1859. Added to 6th, March
16, 1860
"
9
,,
Dec.
23 „
Added to 6th, March 16, 1860
10
11
Aberdeen
Jan.
13, 1860
Apparently never existed
Added to 6th, March 16, 1860
1st V. Gordons
12
»
"
27 „
Raised as 2 companies. Added to
6th, March 16, 1860
"
13
14
15
16
17
,,
n
21 „
Added to 6th, March 16, 1860
»
V Apparently never existed
New Deer
Apr.
iS, I860
)
Formed as a subdivision. Be-
3rd V. Gordons
came 5th Corps, July 19, 1860.
Increased to 1 company, Nov-
ember 1861
18
Ellon
18 „
Became 6th Corps, July 19, 1860
2nd
19
Huntly
Mar.
6 „
Became 7th Corps, July 19, 1860
4th
20
Echt
June
9 ..
Raised as 2 companies. Became
8th Corps, July 19, 1860
5th
21
Peterhead
Apr.
4 „
Raised as 2 companies. Became
9th Corps, July 19, 1860
3rd „
22
Inverurie
20 „
Became 10th Corps, July 19, 1860
Raised as 1 subdivision. Became
4th „
23
Kildrummy
June
20 „
11th Corps, July 19, 1860
12
Old Aberdeen
July
21 ,,
Disbanded, 1863. Reformed at
Udny, 1864
2nd
18
Turriff
Aug.
8 ,.
14
Tarland
Oct.
29 ,,
Raised as 1 subdivision. In-
creased to a company, May 7,
1861
5th
16
Fyvie
1 »
2nd
It!
Meldrum
2 .,
3rd
17
Old Deer
29 „
Raised as 2 companies
18
Tarves
June 11, 1867
Formed from remains of 2nd Corps
2nd
Appendix B.
347
No.
Headquarters.
Date of Officers'
Commissions.
Remarks.
Included
in Records of—
19
New Deer
June 30, 1861
Raised as 1 company, but amal-
gamated with 5th Corps in Nov-
ember 1861. A new 19th was
formed at Insch in 1867
3rd & 4th V. Gordons
20
Longside
July 30 „
3rd V. Gordons
SU
Aboyne
Nov. 22 „
' ' Marquis of Huntly's Highland "
5th
•i-i
Auchmull
June 18, 1862
4th
23
Lumphanan
Mar. 29 „
5th
24
St Fergus
Dec. 23, 1867
Raised as 1 subdivision. Amal-
gamated with 9th Corps, 1875.
A new 24th Corps was formed at
Fraserburgh in 1875
3rd
25
New Pitsligo
Apr. 14, 1868
,, ,,
26
Cruden
Sept. 25, 1872
"
Note.— A "6th Subdivision" was formed at Glenkindie in July 1860, but no officers were appointed
to it, and it disappeared from the Army List in July 1861 ; its members probably joined the 11th
(Kildrummy) Corps.
APPENDIX B.
LIST OF RIFLE CORPS FORMED IN THE COUNTY OF FORFAR.
No.
Headquarters.
Date of Officers'
Commissions.
Remarks.
Included
in Records of—
1
Dundee
Nov. 15, 1859
Raised as 5 companies
1st V. Black Watch
2
Forfar
„ 15 „
Raised as 1 company ; a second
added, January 10, 1861
2nd
3
Arbroath
„ 15 „
Raised as 1 company ; a second
added, May 1860. Raised to 4
companies, 1864
" "
4
This number was borne for a few
weeks by the 2nd Company 3rd
Corps
Raised as 1 company ; a second
6
Montrose
Nov. 15, 1859
2nd V. Black Watch
added, April 10, 1860
6
Apparently never existed
Raised as 1 company ; a second
7
Brechin
Mar. 26, 1860
2nd V. Black Watch
added, April 18, 1865
8
Newtyle
Apr. 4 „
Designated "The Wharncliffe "
„ ,,
9
Glamis
May 8 „
10
Dundee
Apr. 10 „
Raised as 1 company ; a second
added, June 29, 1867
3rd
11
Tannadice
Oct. 8 „
Raised as 1 subdivision. In-
creased to 1 company, Septem-
ber 29, 1867. Disbanded 1869
2nd
u
Kirriemuir
Sept. 17 „
„ ,,
I;;
Friockheim
June 4, 1861
14
Dundee
„ 14 „
Raised as 1 company; a second
added on June 29, 1867
3rd
15
Cortachy
Aug. 16, 1865 Disbanded 1872
2nd
348
Appendix C.
APPENDIX C.
LIST OF EIFLE CORPS FORMED IN THE COUNTY OF LANARK.
No.
Headquarters.
Date of Accept-
ance of Services.
Date of Officers'
Commissions.
Remarks.
Included
in Records of—
1
Glasgow
Sept
24, 1859
Oct.
1,
1859
"1st Western "
1st Lanark
2
,,
,,
24 „
„
3
,,
" Glasgow University "
,,
3
9 >i
4
" 1st Southern "
3rd „
4
,,
Oct.
10 „
rt
15
"1st Northern"
4th V.B.S.R.
5
„
24 „
17
"1st Eastern"
3rdV.B.H.L.I.
6
,,
Oct.
10 „
Nov
4
4th V.B.S.R.
7
M
10 „
4
8
M
10 „
4
;
9
„
„
10 „
M
4
"Bankers"
1st Lanark
10
„
19 „
4
3rd „
11
„
Nov
4 „
Dm.
13
" 2nd Western "
1st „
12
„
Dec.
5 „
20
4thV.B.S.R.
13
u
5 „
20
14
„
5 „
Feb.
%
1890
3rd Lanark
15
,,
,
5 „
20
u
"Procurators"
1st „
16
Hamilton
Feb.
24, 1860
29
1859
2nd V.B.S.R.
17
Glasgow
Dec.
5, 1859
Dec.
28,
1st Lanark
18
5 „
20
19
5 ..
30
lstV.B\H.L.I.
20
This corps wa
existed.
Glasgow
s to have been
raised from the
Western shipbuilding yai
ds, but never
21
Dec.
5, 1859
Dec.
20,
1859
3rd V.B.H.L.I.
22
H
M
5 „
24
3rd Lanark
23
5 .,
20
f
1st V.B.H.L.I.
24
6 „
26
,>
25
M
14 „
98
2nd
26
14 „
26
ii >)
27
J}
14 ,.
Feb.
28,
1860
28
Feb.
22 „
Dec.
30,
1859
1st
29
Coatbridge
13, 1860
Feb.
22,
1860
5thV.B.S.R.
30
Glasgow
Dec.
28, 1859
Jan.
7
3rd V.B.H.L.I.
31
21 ,,
7
'
32
Summerlee
•Jan.
10, 1860
Feb.
11
5thV.B.S.R.
33
Glasgow
Dec.
22, 1859
6
"Partick"
1st Lanark
34
27 „
Jan.
7
3rd V.B.H.L.I.
35
27 „
7
M
36
M
28 ..
t
7
1st „
37
Lesmahagow
Feb.
3, 1860
Feb.
11
9th Lanark
38
Glasgow
Dec.
29, 1859
Mar
1
,,
3rd V.B.H.L.I.
39
29 „
Feb.
6
1st Lanark
40
29 „
Jan.
7
2ndV.B.H.L.I.
41
Uddingstone
31 „
7
1st
42
Jan.
81, 1860
Feb.
17
,
2ndV.B.S.R,
43
Gartsherrie
t)
10 „
Jan.
31
M
5th
44
Blantyre
Feb.
6 „
Feb.
17
,,
2nd „
45
Glasgow
Jan.
10 „
fJ
15
,,
3rd V.B.H.L.I.
46
M
10 „
17
„
47
Airdrie
10 ,,
17
48
Feb.
11 ii
»
29
"
2nd company added Nov.
28, 1863
5th V.B.S.R.
49
Lambhill
May
3 „
May
16
»
1 subdivision only. Dis-
banded 1862
50
Glasgow
Jan.
10 i,
Feb.
20
„
1st Lanark
51
11 ii
M
28
1st V.B.H.L.I.
5-2
Hamilton
Feb.
24 „
J}
29
2nd V.B.S.R.
68
Glasgow
Jan.
30 „
17
1st Lanark
54
30 „
22
3rd ,,
55
Lanark
Vvh.
23 „
'»
20
"
9th „
Appendix C.
349
No.
Headquarters.
Date of Accept-
ance of Services.
Date of Officers'
Commissions.
Remarks.
Included
in Records of—
56
Bothwell
Feb. 23, 1860
Feb. 29, 1860
2nd V.B.S.R.
57
Wishaw
Mar. 7 „
Mar. 14 „
5<
Glasgow
Feb. 10 „
Feb. 22 „
3rd V.B. H.L.I.
59
,, 21 „
,, 25 „
60
•i 18 „
Mar. 1 „
"1st Highland"
4thV.B!s.R.
61
>, 18 „
1 M
" 2nd Highland "
62
Biggar
,. 22 „
„ 6 „
Disbanded Sept. 1860.
Re-formed Mar. 17, 1863
9th Lanark
63
Glasgow
>, 15 „
Feb. 24 „
1st ,,
64
,,
„ 18 „
Mar. 6 „
"1st Rutherglen"
3rd V.B.H.L.I.
65
,,
•> 18 „
6 „
"2nd Rutherglen"
,, M
66
», 17 „
Feb. 29 „
67
„ 17 „
>> 29 „
1st „
63
», 17 „
Mar. 1 „
2nd
69
„ 17 „
., 1 „
70
„ 17 „
„ 1 „
71
M
„ 17 „
„ 1 „
■
72
Carluke
„ 23 „
». 5 „
1st Lanark
73
Mar. 12 „
4 „
9th „
74
Glasgow
Feb. 29 „
„ 5 „
1st V.B.H.L.I.
75
„
,, 29 „
Mar. 26 „
„ 7 „
3rd
76
„
„ 1* „
1st Lanark
77
„ 8 „
AprU 2 „
May 28 „
78
„
„ 29 „
' ' Old Guard of Glasgow "
3rd "
79
,,
,, 29 „
April 26 „
1st ,,
SO
•, 29 „
., 6 „
1st V.B.H.L.I.
SI
M
April 2 „
„ 12 „
82
„
•i 11 n
May 11 „
3rd Lanark
83
,,
„ 24 „
2 „
lstV.B.H.L.I.
84
M
., 24 „
June 12 ,,
3rd
S5
,,
May 7 „
May 15 „
1st
86
„ 7 „
» 16 „
3rd
87
Busby
». 18 „
n 28 „
3rd Lanark
83
Glasgow
,. 9 „
•i 18 „
Disbanded 1864
3rd V.B.H.L.I.
89
,,
9 „
„ 29 „
1st „
90
,,
„ 24 „
June 5 ,,
3rd
91
Whitevale
m 24 „
„ 5 „
1st
92
Uddingstone
Offer of service
s not accepted.
93
Glasgow
Aug. 8, 1860
Aug. 31, 1860
"3rd Highland"
4th V.B.S.R.
94
Douglas
Sept. 21 „
Oct. 4 „
9th Lanark
95
Bailliestown
Oct. 16 „
Jan. 15, 1861
5th V.B.S.R.
96
Glasgow
Nov. 29 „
Dec. 12, 1860
2nd company added Jan.
3, 1861
3rd V.B. H.L.I.
97
"
July 30, 1861
Sept. 3,1861
"Glasgow Guards." 4
companies. Amalgam-
ated with 1st Lanark
E. V., 1863
1st Lanark E.V.
97
Woodhead
Jan. 11, 1865
May 27, 1865
5th V.B.S.R.
98
Gartness
May 12 „
June 14 ,,
99
Clarkston
July 27 „
Aug. 3 „
100
Calderbank
„ 8 „
„ 4 „
101
Newarthill
June 7, 1866
July 26, 1866
"
'
102
Motherwell
Feb. 14, 1867
Mar. 7, 1867
2nd
103
East Kilbride
June 6 ,,
June 25 ,,
104
Holytown,
Bellshill
Glasgow
April 18, 1868
May 5, 1868
5th
',
105
July 21 „
Oct. 19 „
" Glasgow Highland," 12
5th V.B.H.L.I.
companies (1 in Partick,
1 in Crosshill)
106
Strathaven
Oct. 1873
Oct. 1873
2nd V.B.S.R.
107
Leadhills
May 1875
June 2, 1875
9th Lanark
35o
Appendix D.
APPENDIX D.
LIST OF RIFLE CORPS FORMED IN THE COUNTY OF RENFREW.
No.
Headquarters.
Date of Officers'
Commissions.
Remarks.
Included
in Records of—
1
Greenock
Sept. 10, 1859
2nd, 13th, and 18th Corps added,
making 4 companies, in Feb-
ruary 1860
1st V.B. A.
&S. H.
2
». io „
Amalgamated with 1st Corps, Feb-
ruary 1860
1st
3
Paisley
Pollockshaws
•i 22 „
2nd
4
,, 22 „
3rd
5
Port Glasgow
Nov. 15 ,,
1st
6
Paisley
n 23 »
2nd
7
Barrhead
Feb. 15,1860
3rd
8
Neilston
Mar. 6 ,,
3rd
9
Johnstone
Feb. 6 ,,
2nd
10
Greenock
i. 3 „
' ' Highlanders. " 11th Corps added
as 2nd company, 1863
1st
11
"
» 3 „
' ' Highlanders. " Added to 10th
Corps, 1863
1st
12
n 3 „
Disbanded 1860
13
"
Jan. 24 „
Amalgamated with 1st Corps, Feb-
ruary 1860
1st V.B. A.
&S. H.
14
Paisley
Feb. 8 „
2nd
15
Kilbarchan
Jan. 20 ,,
2nd
16
Thomliebank
Feb. 15 „
3rd
17
Lochwinnoch
Jan. 20 „
2nd
18
Greenock
Feb. 6 „
Amalgamated with 1st Corps, Feb-
ruary 1860
1st
19
Hurlet
Mar. 6 „
3rd
20
Renfrew
» 1 ,.
2nd
21
Barrhead
„ 12 „
3rd ,
22
Gourock
Apr. 6 „
1st ,
23
Cathcart
» 6 ,
3rd
24
Paisley
rt 10 i>
2nd
25
Thomliebank
May 15, 1862
3rd
Appendix E.
35i
APPENDIX E.
ENROLLED STRENGTH OF THE SCOTTISH VOLUNTEER FORCE
on the 1st of April 1862. — (Extracted from a Return prepared by Colonel
MacMurdo for the Royal Commission on the Condition of the Volunteer
Force, 1862.)
No. of
Companies,
Enrolled
Members.
Total of
Arm in
County.
ARTILLERY.
Aberdeen
1st Adm. Brig. (1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th,
7th Corps) .
6
404
404
Argyll .
1st Adm. Brig. (1st, 3rd,
4th Corps)
4
284
2nd Corps .
1
65
5th Corps .
1
32
6th Corps .
1
60
7th Corps .
1
78
8th Corps .
1
63
9th Corps .
1
51
633
Ayr
1st Adm. Brig. (1st, 2nd
3rd, 4th, 5th
Banff
Corps) .
1st Adm. Brig. (1st, 2nd,
3rd, 4th Corps)
I4
320
280
320
280
Berwick .
1st Corps .
1
51
2nd Corps .
1
50
101
Caithness
1st Corps .
1
61
2nd Corps .
1
41
3rd Corps .
1
58
160
Cromarty
1st Corps .
1
36
36
Dumbarton
1st Corps .
1
56
2nd Corps .
1
54
3rd Corps .
1
53
163
Edinburgh City
1st Corps .
9
564
564
Elgin
1st Corps .
1
53
53
Fife.
1st Adm. Brig. (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,
6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th Corps)
10i
630
630
Forfar .
1st Adm. Brig. (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Corps)
6
374
374
Haddington .
1st Corps .....
1
69
69
Inverness
1st Corps .
4
234
234
Kincardine
1st Corps .
2nd Corps .
3rd Corps .
4th Corps .
2
123
25
35
28
211
Kirkcudbright
1st Corps .
1
50
50
Lanark .
1st Adm. Brig. (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,
6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 12th, 13th,
14th, 15th Corps)
14
888
11th Corps
1
52
940
Mid-Lothian .
1st Corps .
8
463
2nd Corps .
2
138
601
Nairn
1st Corps .
2
125
125
Orkney .
1st Corps .
1
72
72
Renfrew .
1st Corps .
2nd Corps .
1
1
78
56
3rd Corps .....
1
52
186
352
Appendix E.
Total of
Arm in
County.
Ross
Stirling .
Sutherland
Wigtown
Edinburgh
Lanark .
Argyll*
Ayr
Banff
Berwick .
Clackmannan (s
Artillery — continued.
1st Corps .
1st Corps .
2nd Corps .
1st Corps .
1st Corps .
2nd Corps •
Total Artillery
1st Corps .
1st Corps .
2nd Corps .
Total Engineers
MOUNTED RIFLES.
1st Corps .....
RIFLES.
1st Adm. Bn. (3rd, 4th, 7th, 8th, 10th,
11th, 14th, 21st Corps) .
2nd Adm. Bn. (2nd, 6th, 13th, 15th, 16th
Corps) .....
3rd Adm. Bn. (5th, 9th, 17th, 20th Corps)
1st Corps ....
12th Corps
18th Corps
22nd Corps
23rd Corps
1st Adm. Bn. (2nd, 3rd, 7th, 11th Corps)
6th Corps ....
8th Corps ....
10th Corps
12th Corps
1st Adm. Bn. (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,
6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th,
13th Corps)
1st Adm. Bn. (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Corps)
1st Corps ....
2nd Corps ....
3rd Corps ....
4th Corps ....
5th Corps ....
1st Corps ....
2nd Corps ....
3rd Corps ....
ee Stirling).
70
131
71
71
55
47
102
111
71
64
171
* For 9th Corps, see Perth.
Appendix E.
353
Dumbarton
Riflks — continued.
1st Adm. Bn. (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,
6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th
Corps) .....
Dumfries . 1st Adm. Bn. (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,
6th, 7th, 8th, 9th Corps)
Edinburgh City 1st Corps
Elgin
Haddington
Kinross (see Fife).
Kirkcudbright
& Wigtown ,
Lanark .
1st Adm. Bn. (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,
6th Corps) ....
1st Adm. Bn. (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,
6th, 7th, 8th, 9th Corps, and 1st Kin-
ross Corps) ....
1st Adm. Bn. (3rd, 5th, 7th, 13th Corps)
2nd Adm. Bn. (2nd, 8th, 9th, 11th, 12th
Corps) .....
1st Corps .....
1st Adm. Bn. (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,
6th Corps) ....
1st Adm. Bn. (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,
6th, 7th Corps)
1st Adm. Bn. (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,
6th, 7th Corps)
(1st Adm. Bn. (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th
\ Kirkcudbright, and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th
t Wigtown Corps)
1st Adm. Bn. (16th, 42nd, 44th, 52nd,
56th, 57th Corps)
2nd Adm. Bn. (30th, 31st, 38th, 45th,
46th, 47th, 75th, 84th, 86th, 88th, 96th
Linlithgow
Mid-Lothian
Nairn
Orkney
Peebles
3rd Adm. Bn. (37th, 55th, 73rd, 94th,
Corps) .
1st Corps .
3rd Corps .
4th Corps .
5th Corps .
19th Corps
25th Corps
29th Corps
32nd Corps
43rd Corps
48th Corps
49th Corps
95th Corps
97th Corps
1st Corps .
2nd Corps .
3rd Corps .
1st Adm. Bn. (2nd
1st Corps .
4th Corps .
1st Corps .
1st Corps .
1st Corps .
2nd Corps .
3rd Corps .
4th Corps .
3rd, 5th Corps)
No. of
mpanies,
10ft
21
Bft
7
6ft
12
15
1
1
"i
4
1
1
1
3
570
1801
509
501
495
534
496
813
313
57
55
71
3
63
254
84
91
91
372
449
Total of
Arm in
County.
570
1801
501
495
18
57
354
Appendix E.
No. of
Companies,
Enrolled
Members.
Total of
County.
Rifles — continued.
Perth . . 1st Adm. Bh. (1st, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th,
9th, 11th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th Corps)
2nd Adm. Bn. (3rd and 10th Corps, and
9th Argyll) .
Renfrew . . 1st Adm. Bn. (1st, 5th, 10th, 11th, 22nd
Corps) .....
2nd Adm. Bn. (3rd, 6th, 9th, 14th, 15th,
17th, 20th, 24th Corps)
3rd Adm. Bn. (4th, 7th, 8th, 16th, 19th,
21st, 23rd, 25th Corps) .
Ross . . 1st Adm. Bn. (1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th
Corps) .
3rd Corps .
Roxburgh and ) 1st Adm. Bn. (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th Rox-
Selkirk J burgh, and 1st and 2nd Selkirk Corps)
Stirling . . 1st Adm. Bn. (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th,
6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 11th, 12th Corps,
and 1st and 2nd Clackmannan)
10th Corps ....
Sutherland . 1st Corps .....
Wigtown (see Kirkcudbright).
m
6
8
8
8
?
7
13
1
4
957
446
602
651
581
330
68
636
996
76
354
1403
1834
398
636
1072
354
Total Rifles ....
372
27,263
27,263
Grand total, all Arms .
486|
34,240
34,240
The totals in England and Wales were —
Light Horse
Artillery .
Engineers .
Mounted Rifles
Rifles *
Hi troops
. 278| batteries
42 companies
9 „
. 1430
662 enrolled members
17,781
2,669
496
106,833
Total
Add for Scotland
128,441 „
34,240
Grand total, United Kingdom
162,681 „
* Of these, 10 companies with 673 enrolled members formed the 15th Middlesex (London
Scottish) R.V.
Appendix F.
355
APPENDIX F.
RETURN OF THE SCOTTISH VOLUNTEER CORPS for the Year 1881.
(Extracted from the Official Return of January 1882.)
Corps.
Author-
ised es-
tablish-
ment.
---
u ° §
<
Effici-
ents.
Non-
effici-
ents.
Total
enrolled.
Proficients who
have earned
special grant
of 50s.
Present
Offrs.
Serjts.
LIGHT HORSE.
1st Fifeshire .
1st Forfarshire
243
61
36
123
48
46
3
169
51
10
1
9
7
123
34
Total Light Horse .
304 j 36
171
49
220
11
16
157
ARTILLERY.
1st Aberdeenshire (Aber-
deen and Banff)
1st Argyll and Bute
1st Ayrshire and Gallo-
way ....
1st Berwickshire
2nd
1st Caithness (Caithness
and Sutherland)
1st Edinburgh City .
1st Fifeshire (Fife and
Stirling) .
1st Forfarshire (Forfar
and Kincardine)
1st Haddington
1st Inverness (Inverness,
Cromarty, Nairn,
Ross, Elgin) .
1st Lanarkshire
1st Mid-Lothian
1st Orkney
1st Renfrew and Dumbar-
ton ....
1130
1021
890
81
81
647
724
1054
1288
81
1049
1366
644
730
565
1072
688
757
64
58
561
604
918
1202
66
897
1331
467
536
543
16
77
59
2
3
8
41
24
67
25
1
45
43
9
1088
765
816
66
61
569
645
942
1269
66
922
1332
512
579
552
28
26
24
2
15
23
27
34
2
27
42
23
21
16
59
49
48
1
35
34
55
67
53
69
34
40
28
890
589
674
59
43
385
562
837
1103
60
789
1083
452
464
469
Total Artillery .
11,351
9764
420
10,184
312
576
8459
ENGINEERS.
1st Aberdeenshire .
1st Lanarkshire
201
603
197
586
3
17
200
603
6
13
10
34
163
506
Total Engineers .
804
783
20
803
19
44
669
356
Appendix F.
II .
a H, S
ill
IS
Proficients who
have earned
Corps.
Author-
ised es-
tablish-
ment.
Effici-
ents.
Non-
effici-
Total
enrolled.
special grant
of 50s.
Present
at In-
spection.
Ofirs.
Serjts.
MOUNTED RIFLES.
1st Roxburgh .
61
25
50
3
53
3
4
50
RIFLES.
1st Aberdeenshire .
1104
842
2
844
31
47
731
2nd
708
519
2
521
25
33
428
3rd .
910
608
62
670
26
41
577
4th
767
552
22
574
22
33
450
1st Argyllshire
807
656
36
692
21
36
550
1st Ayrshire .
809
733
12
745
24
45
581
2nd „ . . .
707
653
8
661
20
39
571
1st Banffshire .
666
618
3
621
21
29
513
1st Berwickshire
708
532
27
559
13
34
503
1st Clackmannan and
Kinross .
706
655
23
678
26
33
602
1st Dumbartonshire
1213
1200
13
1213
34
64
901
1st Dumfriesshire .
1010
664
43
707
25
48
620
1st Edinburgh City .
2509
2002
27
2029
74
117
1755
2nd „ „ .
602
60
646
16
662
17
33
585
1st Elginshire .
1st Fifeshire .
1069
1069
1069
25
51
1066
1211
976
41
1017
30
55
756
1st Forfarshire
804
660
22
682
18
37
603
2nd
1410
1027
28
1055
32
60
927
3rd
603
469
16
485
14
31
365
Galloway
808
706
19
725
19
38
611
1st Haddington
607
384
22
406
13
21
359
1st Inverness .
1010
989
4
993
31
53
912
1st Kincardine and Aber-
deen ....
1011
684
36
720
22
39
526
1st Lanarkshire
1606
1534
18
1552
48
78
1207
2nd ,,
1010
967
19
986
26
51
746
3rd
1205
1046
15
1061
39
63
901
4th
904
754
6
760
31
48
622
5th
1205
782
79
861
19
58
476
6th „
805
805
1
806
20
44
686
7th
808
805
3
808
18
43
733
8th
1205
1203
1
1204
27
64
946
9th
607
544
9
553
15
34
507
10th
1205
1025
9
1034
29
64
708
1st Linlithgowshire .
707
689
9
698
18
41
612
1st Mid-Lothian
1105
828
32
860
24
53
734
2nd Mid-Lothian and
Peebles .
1108
919
55
974
26
57
782
1st Perthshire .
706
535
16
551
16
36
496
2nd „ . . .
809
693
18
711
20
35
624
1st Renfrewshire .
907
882
5
887
26
42
768
2nd
807
718
50
768
22
41
583
3rd
807
772
18
790
20
40
645
1st Ross-shire .
910
896
8
904
26
50
712
1st Roxburgh and Selkirk
907
784
14
798
26
49
728
1st Stirlingshire
1st Sutherland
1008
758
17
775
27
48
674
1070
989
18
1007
25
50
802
Total Rifles
43,170
60
36,772
904
37,676
1131
2106
31,184
Appendix F.
357
Corps.
Author-
ised es-
tablish-
ment.
lid
1 Effici-
1 ents.
; Non-
effici-
ents.
Total
enrolled.
Proficients who
have earned
special grant
of 50s.
Present
at In-
spection.
fill
<
Oflrs.
Serjts.
Grand total, all Arms
The totals in England
and Wales were —
Light Horse
Artillery
Engineers .
Mounted Eifles .
Rifles*
55,690
306
32,551
9,114
147,768
121
9
50
90
340
47.540
48
26,755
8,057
117,789
1396
209
1329
304
4908
48,936
257
28,084
8,361
122,670
1476
1
756
163
3208
2746
4
1684
458
6983
40,519
44
23,636
7,129
104,323
Total .
Add for Scotland .
189,739
55,690
489
121
152,622
47,540
6750
1396
159,372
48,936
4128
1476
9129
2746
135,132
40,519
Grand total, United
Kingdom .
245,429
610
200,162
8146
208,308
5604
11,875
175,651
* Of these—
7th Middlesex (London
Scottish) .
804
596
60
656
20
34
540
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720
560
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CMCMCMrH j 1-, rH CM CM CM CM rH rH rH
§
CORPS.
(P 2) 1st Aberdeenshire .
1st Argyll & Bute .
(P 3) 1st Ayr & Galloway
1st Banff .
1st Berwickshire
1st Caithness .
(P 2) 1st Edinburgh (City)
(P 1) 1st Fifeshire .
(P 1) 1st Forfarshire
(P 1) The Highland .
(P a) 1st Lanarkshire
(P 3) 1st Mid-Lothian
1st Orkney
(P 1) 1st Renfrew & Dum-
barton .
Total
"!|
** as.
^§ IS.
„KSR
fSSl
^ & SrO
14 Sr3
lifl
ill J
-111
ji.ll
E-1 o-J3 si
Trill
5 "a i 3
~34S
J2S
Appendix G.
359
(»)-jj«is (ja9a*uu9d
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OOO t^t-
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I
1st Aberdeenshire .
1st Lanarkshire
2nd Lanarkshire
Electrical Engineers-
Clyde Division (1 Coy.)
Forth Division (1 Coy.)
Total
& -Sill §s
111*;*!!.
ell
l-t <N ;M®HH
3
Sb
.
oSg
i «5
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: e* :<N-«*<rHO
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ill
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fl
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s • 8,8
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rH J J*
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I £
"illl " " " '
3^t3 §.2 g o &-§
fl'llfifl
360
Appendix G.
(3) ■jjwjb ^naireouad
JO a AtStl[a
-UJ 'MJUB4 HB Wl
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3239
928
1164
1276
696
928
928
928
1164
1048
1280
928
1164
928
1856
1280
1512
1048
1164
1392
928
928
932
1512
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l
Scot
rs
Queen's Vol. Rifle Brig. Royal
(Lothian Regt.)
4th V.B. Royal Scots .
5th „ „
6th „ „
7th „ „ . .
8th „ „ . .
9th „ „
8th V.B. Liverpool Regt. .
1st V.B. Royal Scots Fusiliers
2nd „ ,,
1st Roxburgh and Selkirk .
2nd V.B. K.O. Scottish Bordere
3rd „ „
Galloway ....
1st Lanarkshire .
2nd V.B. Scottish Rifles .
3rd Lanarkshire .
4th V.B. Scottish Rifles .
1st V.B. Royal Highlanders
2nd „ „
3rd
4th
5th
6th ,, „
imii9ui[J*a}{ jo "OK
|^ ^^^"sJSaasaSSSSgSSSSSI
Appendix G.
361
o><»o>©t-ho©o(
sis s s> s
III
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S^SSSSSSSSS
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2§
1 s ^lllls : - = - s "II = ~ r =1 S?S
pq c M cq 5 W w pa PQ @ w 35
■ga'StS5-S«,Sx'a'H5':C£,ja"S'S'a'r5'cl'r:»x;5
H^iNNioaioiQioioinoi!-
^OiClCiCiCiOCJgi
3 §<
1 &
5 *• s
"3 *S -3
r° a
I ri
jglgji 'S.S
li-9 »3
ScsOi s=_X
. I
be
oan
ompan
any wi
os maj
cting c
and 3
"£•3 «£
<3 O^ 9 §
one p
each c
ing ch£
additio
t comp
>,
•2 a § 2 0
£
tenants
to two
nts aiic
lations.
cal offic
lies, 1 c
8
5
ishnient of lieu
Der of subalterns
surgeon-lieutena
Volunteer Regu
f additional medi
ordinary compa
cyclist company,
cyclist section.
11
il
■'iS
- c
■St ■=
b estab
le num
iitional
of the
[usive 0
enty-six
udes 1
hides a
il
a 3
362
Appendix G.
&
o
>
ft
n £
I ^
IS
o as
SP ^
s «
o
ft
2
o
- jad jo aAisupui
'sjprej rre 'rojbi
|| g 1
1
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aAisnpxa 'i«ioi
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1
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t^ B CO CO I- 0 3 CO
1
53
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cn ■* : : 0 : : m
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00 CO ■# <M CO !N ■* 0
Oi
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t — ^H -tf (M t— <M -* 10
3
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§
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: : : ; - ; : :
-
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<n <* : : 0 : • 10
55
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i-H <M <M i-ivo «D <M lO
S3
i
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h i-H : : co : ; 10
0
'ao^otia^sui
-^iraaprag
: ; : : ; ^^ ;
-
•^u^nfpv
■ ; : ■ ^ : ; :
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10 «o : : 0 : : w j 0
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** ~ ; \ * i ; ;
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i-h w : »o : :
CO
•SJ90IJJO XuBdraoQ
3,
co r-i : : eg : : jo
s
•JOfBK
: 1 ■" = i :
CM
•paoioo
-^uBuainan
: i i = - : i
-
6
Edinburgh Company
2 Aberdeen Companies
Transport sections for 2 fielc
hospitals .
Transport section for 1
bearer company
5 Glasgow Companies
Transport sections for 6 fiek
hospitals .
Transport sections for 5
bearer companies
5 Volunteer Brigade Beare
Companies .
Total
Appendix G.
363
Is
3*3
Royal Garrison Artillery (V.) .
Royal Engineers (V.)
Volunteer Infantry
Royal Army Medical Corps and Bearer
Companies
Grand total
11,838
2,848
55,478
1,396
11,949
2,865
55,825
364
Appendix H.
APPENDIX H.
RETURN OF THE SCOTTISH VOLUNTEER CORPS FOR THE
YEAR 1907.
{Extracted from the
Return of 1st November 1907.)
Estab-
lish-
ment.*
Efficients, t
Non-efficients, t
Total t
all
ranks.
Present
at
Inspec-
tion, all
ranks.
Cyclists
Corps.
Officers.
N.C.O.
Men.
Officers.
N.C.O.
and
Men.
included
in fore-
going.
Royal Garrison Artillery
( Volunteers).
1st Aberdeenshire .
1040
34
701
8
743
458
1st Argyll and Bute
1009
40
869
42
951
385
1st Ayr and Galloway
1040
34
870
i
4
909
531
1st Banff
560
31
430
3
464
152
1st Berwickshire .
80
3
44
6
53
21
1st Caithness.
560
20
360
61
441
163
1st Edinburgh (City)
720
28
602
2'
33
665
378
1st Fifeshire .
1200
39
946
3
45
1033
464
1st Forfarshire
1120
36
885
1
21
943
632
The Highland
989
41
743
16
800
277
1st Lanarkshire .
1600
37
1107
'2
11
1157
604
1st Midlothian
640
22
406
1
34
463
247
1st Orkney .
720
30
521
1
3
555
266
1st Renfrew and Dumbarton .
560
20
504
6
530
279
TotalR.G.A.(V.)
11,838
427
9069
11
294
9801
4857
Royal Engineers ( Volunteers).
1st Aberdeenshire .
600
22
447
1
31
501
350
1st Lanarkshire
1200
28
796
1
41
866
743
2nd Lanarkshire .
900
36
777
5
61
879
533
Electrical Engineers —
Clyde Division .
74
7
64
1
4
76
70
Forth Division .
74
9
65
4
78
71
Total R.E.(V.)
2848
105
2163
8
141
2417
1767
Volunteer Infantry.
Q.RV.B. Royal Scots .
3239
106
2260
3
48
2417
2014
117(a)
4th V.B. do.
928
31
893
1
2
927
755
30
5th V.B. do.
1164
26
968
994
810
50
6th V.B. do.
1276
29
654
3
44
730
294
18
7th V.B. do.
696
17
454
1
5
477
224
8th V.B. do.
928
24
708
1
• 7
740
411
9th V.B. do.
928
24
661
3
46
734
551
* Excluding permanent staff.
t These figures for the corps refer only to volunteers, but the totals for each a
permanent staffs, which it is not necessary to show separately for each corps,
(a) And 75 mounted infantry.
Appendix H.
36S
Efficients.
Non-efficients.
Total
all
ranks.
Present
Cyclists
Corps.
lish
ment.
Officers
N.C.O.
and
Men.
Officers
N.C.O.
and
Men.
Inspec-
tion, all
ranks.
included
going.
Volunteer Infantry — contd.
1st V.B. Koyal Scots Fusiliers
1164
24
669
1
10
704
396
33
2nd V.B. do. do.
1048
22
730
1
29
782
337
57
1st Roxburgh and Selkirk .
2nd V.B. K.O.S. Borderers .
1280
37
817
4
5
863
428
61
928
33
483
1
19
536
300
29
3rd V.B. do.
1164
28
569
1
8
606
340
41
Scottish Border Bearer Coy. .
1
41
1
1
44
26
Galloway V.R.C. .
928
27
741
768
418
22
1st Lanarkshire V.R.C.
1856
54
1194
18
1266
467
2nd V.B. Scottish Rifles
1280
35
963
1
13
1012
620
99
3rd Lanarkshire V.R.C.
1512
42
931
29
1002
614
65
4th V.B. Scottish Rifles
1048
28
817
2
24
871
517
80
1st V.B. Royal Highlanders .
1164
29
844
9
882
698
60
2nd V.B. do.
1392
26
606
1
16
649
369
13
3rd V.B. do.
928
19
522
3
20
564
432
40
4th V.B. do.
928
27
567
3
6
603
254
35
5th V.B. do.
932
23
624
4
14
665
350
22.
6th V.B. do.
1512
49
1077
2
36
1164
700
50
1st V.B. Highland L.I.
1392
25
761
3
55
844
327
33
2nd V.B. do.
1164
27
951
1
18
997
544
59
3rd V.B. do.
1392
37
987
18
1042
631
38
9th Lanarkshire V.R.C.
696
23
540
3
566
397
12
5th V.B. Highland L.I.
1512
35
1130
i
23
1189
628
65
1st V.B. Seaforth Highlanders
1044
33
789
1
12
835
421
1st Sutherland V.R.C. .
1392
34
835
1
37
907
442
34
3rd V.B. Seaforth Highlanders
1276
28
695
1
9
733
359
15
1st V.B. Gordon Highlanders
1044
29
554
5
588
337
2nd V.B. do.
812
27
357
384
240
3rd V.B. do.
928
33
494
2
14
543
155
4th V.B. do.
1160
47
631
2
20
700
291
35
5th V.B. do.
1044
28
519
547
338
6th V.B. do.
870
30
517
"6
553
307
7th V.B. do.
348
10
191
1
23
225
182
1st V.B. Cameron Highlanders
1160
25
866
1
10
902
435
29
1st V. B. Argyll and Sutherland
Highlanders
2nd V.B. do. do.
1048
37
678
32
747
438
97
1164
29
862
"2
30
923
653
36
3rd V.B. do. do.
1048
32
778
16
826
347
70
4th V.B. do. do.
1160
31
738
4
773
691
5th V.B. do. do.
1164
23
849
1
873
267
48
1st Dumbartonshire V.R.C. .
1653
56
1407
T
20
1484
1214
79(6).
7th V. B. Argyll and Sutherland
Highlanders
928
26
655
1
10
692
356
30
Total Infantry
53,622
1510
35,863
55
776
38,204
22,325
1593(c)
R.A. Medical Corps ( V.)
Edinburgh Company .
100
5
84
4
93
60
Aberdeen Companies .
278
14
263
i'
278
219
Gordon V.I.B. Bearer Coy. .
2
59
1
8
65
45
Glasgow Companies
698
25
527
1
553
511
TotalR.A.M.C.(V.)
1076
47
940
2
8
997
835
(b) And 128 mounted infantry.
(c) And 203 mounted infantry.
366
Appendix H.
Estab-
lish-
ment.
Efficients.
Non-efficients.
Total
all
ranks.
Present
at
Inspec-
tion, all
Cows.
Officers.
N.C.O.
and
Men.
Officers.
N.C.O.
and
Men.
included
in fore-
going.
V.I.B. Bearer Companies.
Argyll and Sutherland .
Black Watch
Highland Light Infantry
1st Lothian ....
Seaforth and Cameron .
64
64
64
64
64
2
1
3
2
2
59
61
58
61
46
1
1
3
5
62
65
66
64
48
55
46
65
51
34
Total Bearer Companies
320
10
290
1
9
310
237
Grand total, all Arms .
69,704
2099
48,325
77
1228
51,729
30,021
1593
The totals in England and
Wales were —
Royal Garrison Artillery (V.)
Royal Engineers (V.) .
Volunteer Infantry *
Royal Army Medical Corps (V. )
Brigade Bearer Companies .
37,840
16,466
204,357
2,838
2,624
1108
522
4459
79
51
27,566
13,164
141,060
2,336
1,446
56
43
227
5
2
1796
682
4360
5i
43
30,526
14,411
150,106
2,472
1,542
21,862
10,996
111,040
1,603
1,289
8776
Total .
Add for Scotland .
264,125
69,704
6219
2099
185,572
48,325
333
77
6933
1228
199,057
51,729
146,790
30,021
8,776
1,593
Grand total, United
Kingdom
333,829
8318
233,897
410
8161
250,786
176,811
10,369
* Of these—
8th (Scottish) V.B. Liverpool
Regiment
7th Middlesex (London Scot-
tish) V.R.C.
928
928
23
30
623
712
2
2
49
38
697
782
340
682
Appendix I.
367
APPENDIX I.
ESTABLISHMENTS AND STRENGTH OF THE SCOTTISH VOL-
UNTEER FORCE, 1880 to 1907.*— (From the Official Annual Returns
of the 1st November of each year. No Annual Returns were published
prior to 1875, and those from 1875 to 1879 are not tabulated by
)
Establishment,
Efficient.
Year.
all ranks,
including per-
Non-efficients
all ranks.
Total
enrolled.
Present at
Inspection.
manent staff.
Officers.
Other ranks.
1880
55,245
45,303
1967
47,270
39,534
1881
55,690
■g
47,540
1396
48,936
40,519
1882
55,992
2
45,734
1817
47,551
39,758
1883
56,453
1
45,902
1350
47,252
40,155
1884
56,699
0
47,730
1111
48,841
41,852
1885
56,945
50,530
903
51,433
44,987
1886
57,179
'o
50,585
913
51,498
44,505
1887
57,342
■a
50,276
996
51,272
44,491
1888
57,797
0
49,677
1026
50,703
43,825
1889
58,094
a
49,351
1111
50,462
43,463
1890
57,986
1
47,981
1459
49,440
42,598
1891
58,289
48,248
1183
49,431
42,369
1892
58,428
%
47,420
1580
49,000
41,935
1893
58,268
£
47,595
1709
49,304
42,455
1894
58,067
1896
46,190
1548
49,634
43,613
1895
57,822
1916
46,960
1407
50,283
43,761
1896
57,904
1973
47,724
1508
51,205
45,127
1897
57,221
1973
46,801
1344
50,118
43.431
1898
57,221
1994
46,421
1305
49,720
43,128
1899
57,351
1983
45,972
1367
49,322
42,517
1900
70,484
2135
54,077
1273
57,485
49,361
1901
70,374
2163
55,786
1510
59,459
52,384
1902
71,002
2181
51,432
2186
55,799
42,111
1903
71,861
2194
50,096
1921
54,211
37,969
1904
71,441
2145
49,891
1561
53,597
40,440
1905
71,205
2095
49,458
1657
53,210
34,248
1906
70,945
2110
50,092
1550
53,752
32,440
1907
70,445
2099
48,325
1305
51,729
30,021
* Exclusive of the 7th Middlesex (London Scottish) V.R.C. and 8th (Liverpool Scottish) V.B.
The King's.
368
Appendix I.
In connection with the above and the figures given on p. 57>
it is interesting to note the following figures showing the pro-
portion of enrolled volunteers to male population in the years
1881, 1891, and 1901 in Scotland and in England and Wales.
They are —
Scotland.
England and Walks.
Year.
Male
population.
Enrolled
Volunteers.
Proportion of
Volunteers
to male
population.
Male
population.
Enrolled
Volunteers.
Proportion of
Volunteers
to male
population.
1881
1891
1901
1,799,475
1,942,717
2,173,755
48,936
49,431
59,459
Iin36
lin39
1 in 36
12,639,902
14,052,901
15,728,613
159,372
172,615
229,017
1 in 79
1 in 81
lin68
Appendix y.
369
APPENDIX J.
TABLE SHOWING THE UNITS OF THE TERRITORIAL ARMY
INTO WHICH THOSE OF THE SCOTTISH VOLUNTEER FORCE WERE
CONVERTED ON OR AFTER 1ST APRIL 1908.
Unit of the Volunteer Force.
Unit of the Territorial Army.
Royal Garrison Artillery.
1st Aberdeenshire
1st Argyll and Bute .
1st Ayrshire and Galloway
1st Berwickshire
1st Caithness ....
1st City of Edinburgh (exceptl
left half 1st Heavy Battery) 1
1st Fifeshire (except
Company)
1st Forfarshire .
No. 7 j
1st and 2nd City of Aberdeen Batteries
R.F.A.
•2nd Highland Ammunition Column
R.F.A.
North Scottish R.G.A. (2 cos.)
Forth and Clyde R.G.A. (1 coy.)
Argyllshire (Mountain) Battery R.G.A.
Buteshire (Mountain) Battery R.G.A.
3rd Highland Ammunition Column
R.G.A.
3rd Lowland Brigade R.F.A. (Ayrshire,
Wigtownshire, and Kirkcudbrightshire
Batteries).
3rd Lowland Ammunition Column R.F.A.
Lowland Mounted Brigade Transport and
Supply Column AS.C.
Banffshire Battery R.F.A.
Banffshire Small-arm Section, Ammuni-
tion Column R.F.A.
Disbanded.
Disbanded.
Forth and Clyde R.G.A. (4 cos.)
1st City of Edinburgh Battery R.F.A.
Lowland (City of Edinburgh) R.G.A. (1
heavy battery and ammunition column).
North Scottish R.G.A. (2 cos.)
Fifeshire Battery R.F.A.
Highland (Fifeshire) R.G.A. (1 heavy
battery and ammunition column).
North Scottish R.G.A. (2 cos.)
City of Dundee Battery R.F.A.
Forfarshire Battery R.F.A.
1st Highland Ammunition Column R.F.A.
2 A
37o
Appendix y.
Unit of the Volunteer Force.
The Highland
1st Lanarkshire
1st Mid-Lothian
1st Orkney
1st Renfrew and Dumbarton
Royal Engineers.
1st Aberdeenshire
Clyde Div. Electrical Engineers
Forth Div. Electrical Engineers
1st Lanarkshire
2nd Lanarkshire
Infantry.
Queen's Rifle Volunteer Brigade,
The Royal Scots (except No.
4 Company)
4th V.B. Royal Scots
5th u ii
6th H H
7th „ it
8th ii ii
9th ,i n (except "H"
Company)
Unit of the Territorial Army.
North Scottish R.G.A. (1 coy. and 1 de-
tachment in the Hebrides).
Highland Mounted Brigade Transport
and Supply Column A.S.C.
Inverness - shire (Mountain) Battery
3rd Highland Ammunition Column
R.G.A.
6th Battalion Seaforth Highlanders (1
company in Nairnshire).
1st Lowland Brigade R.F.A. (1st, 2nd,
and 3rd City of Glasgow Batteries).
1st Lowland Ammunition Column R.F.A.
4th Lowland (Howitzer) Brigade R.F.A.
(4th and 5th City of Glasgow Batteries).
4th Lowland Ammunition Column R.F.A.
2nd City of Edinburgh Battery R.F.A.
Mid-Lothian Battery R.F.A.
2nd Lowland Ammunition Column R.F.A.
Orkney R.G.A. (7 cos.)
Forth and Clyde R.G.A. (2 cos. in Dum-
barton, 1 coy. in Renfrew).
4th Highland (Howitzer) Brigade R.F.A.
(1st and 2nd Renfrewshire Batteries).
4th Highland Ammunition Column R.F.A.
City of Aberdeen (Fortress) R.E. (1 coy.)
1st Highland Field Company RE.
Highland Div. Telegraph Company R.E.
Renfrewshire (Fortress) RE. (1 coy.)
City of Edinburgh (Fortress) R.E. (1 coy.)
1st Lowland Field Company R.E.
Scottish Wireless Telegraph Coy. R.E.
Scottish Air Line Telegraph Coy. RE.
Scottish Cable Telegraph Company R.E.
2nd Highland Field Company R.E.
Lanarkshire (Fortress) R.E. (1 coy.)
2nd Lowland Field Company R.E.
Lowland Div. Telegraph Company RE.
4th and 5th Bns. Royal Scots.
6th Bn. Royal Scots.
7th ,. „
Mid-Lothian, 2 cos.*|
Peebles, 2 cos. J- 8th Bn. Royal Scots.
Haddington, 4 cos. J
10th Bn. Royal Scots (Cyclists).
9th „ ,.
Appendix y.
371
Unit of the Volunteer Force.
Unit of the Territorial Army.
8th (Scottish) V.B. Liverpool
Eegiment
1st V.B. Royal Scots Fusiliers .
2nd „ 11 11
1st Roxburgh and Selkirk f
V.R.C \
2nd V.B. K.O. Scot. Borderers
3rd ,. n „
Galloway V.R.C. . . j
1st Lanarkshire V.R.C. (except
"K" Company)
2nd V.B. Scottish Rifles .
3rd Lanarkshire V.R.C. .
4th V.B. Scottish Rifles .
1st V.B. Royal Highlanders
2nd 11 „
3rd ,1 „
4th „ ,,
5th 11 „
6th „ „
1st V.B. Highland L.I. .
2nd ., 11 „
3rd 1, 11
9th Lanarkshire V.R.C. .
5th V.B. Highland L.I. .
1st V.B. Seaforth Highlanders .
1st Sutherland V.R.C.
3rd V.B. Seaforth Highlanders j
1st V.B. Gordon Highanders .
2nd „
3rd 11
4th 11
6th „
7th 11
1st V.B. Cameron Highlanders .
1st V.B. A. and S. Highlanders
2nd „
3rd 11 „
4th 11 M .. \
5th n „ n
1st Dumbartonshire V.R.C.
7th V.B. A. and S. Highlanders!
7th Middlesex' (London Scottish)
V.R.C.
10th Bn. Liverpool Regiment.
4th Bn. Royal Scots Fusiliers.
5th ., n .t
SSSS^'f'W Bn. K.O. Scottish
Selkirk, 3 cos. f D ,„miK
Berwick, 2 cos. J Bo^rers-
Dumfries, 4 cos. 1 _,, -r, -,T r. 0 ,
Kirkcudbright, 3 cos. 151*.?%K-?- fecot"
Wigtown, 1 coy. J tish Borderers.
5th Bn. Scottish Rifles.
6th n „
7th 11 n
8th 11 .,
4th Bn. Royal Highlanders.
Forfarshire, 4 cos. \5th Bn. Royal
City of Dundee, 4 cos. J Highlanders.
6th Bn. Royal Highlanders.
4 cos. of 8th Bn. Royal Highlanders
(Cyclists).
7th Bn. Royal Highlanders.
5th Bn. Highland L.I.
6th H m ..
7th .. >i m
8th H II M
9th II ,, M
4th Bn. Seaforth Highlanders.
5th 11 11
Elginshire, 6 cos. \6th Bn. Seaforth
Inverness-shire, 1 coy./ Highlanders.
6 cos. 4th Bn. Gordon Highlanders.
5th Bn. „
4 cos. 6th Bn. 11
Aberdeen, 4 cos. \7th Bn. Gordon High-
Kincardine, 4 cos./ landers.
4 cos. 6th Bn. Gordon Highlanders.
2 cos. 4th n 11
4th Bn. Cameron Highlanders.
5th Bn. A. and S. Highlanders.
5 cos.) „,, t,
3 cos. j6th Bn- "
4 cos. 7th it 11 ti
4 cos. 8th Bn. Royal Highlanders
(Cyclists).
8th Bn. A. and S. Highlanders.
9th i. 11 „
Clackmannan, 3 cos. \ 7th Bn. A. and S.
Kinross, 1 coy. / Highlanders.
14th Bn. County of London Regiment.
372
Appendix y.
Unit of the Volunteer Force.
Medical Units.
Aberdeen Companies, R.A.M.C.
(Vol.)
Seaforth and Cameron Brigade
Bearer Company
Gordon Brigade Bearer Company
Black Watch Brigade Bearer
Company
Glasgow Companies R.AM.C.^1
(Vol.)
Argyll and Sutherland Brigade I
Bearer Company j
Highland Light Infantry Brig-
ade Bearer Company J
1st Lothian Brigade
Company
Unit of the Territorial Army.
1st Highland Field Ambulance R.A.M.C.
Highland Mounted Brigade Field Ambu-
lance R.AM.C.
2nd Highland Field Ambulance R.A.M.C.
3rd „ n h ' ii
Lowland Mounted Brigade Field Ambu-
lance R.A.M.C.
1st Lowland Field Ambulance R.A.M.C.
2nd .1 I. .1 i,
3rd ,. ii M „
The following units continued to serve as volunteer corps under
the Act of 1863, until a decision as to their transformation into
" Officers' Training Corps " had been arrived at s —
Left half, 1st Heavy Battery, 1st Edinburgh^
R.G.A.V
N°' ScCorPany QU6en'S RV* Brigade' ThG E°yal[ Edinburgh University.
" H " Company 9th V.B. The Royal Scots
Edinburgh Company R.A.M.C.V. J
No. 7 Company 1st Fifeshire R.G.A.V. . . St Andrews University.
"K" Company 1st Lanark V.R.C. . . . Glasgow University.
PRINTED BT WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS!.
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