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While Rome Burns '

AT A TIME when Hitler re-arms, and Mussolini marches toward Abyssinia; when a radio battle
^ rages with General Johnson. Senator Long and Father Cougblin before the microphone; with
farm land withdrawn from cultivation, with factories running part time, with men out of
work — with the relief problem pressing — is this a time for music, drama, crafts — for enjoying
nature; for working on problems related to abundant living? Are recreation workers fiddling while
Rome burns?

There never has been a time when work on "abundant living" was more fundamental
than now, for now is a time when sanity of nations and individuals is important. This is not a
good time to be riding fast in every direction. A sense of direction, a sense of values is doubly im-
portant now. There is no gain just now in hysterically running fifty yards with the ball — in the
wrong direction!

Empires have risen and fallen. Dynasties and dictators have come and gone. But people —
ordinary people — have gone on living; there have been values such in literature, in music, in art, in
athletics, in comradeship, in the arts of human intercourse, that the world has not completely com-
mitted suicide. There has seemed to be enough of value in the world to justify going on living.

Security in itself would be an empty victory in a barren, dull, heavy, ugly, colorless world.
It is victory in real living, in real wages of life itself that counts, — a chance to "live" for the farmer,
for the worker in the mine, in the factory. Two chickens in every pot and three automobiles in
every garage do not make a Promised Land. There is dynamic explosive power in making life itself
rich and fruitful, in abolishing poverty of life. Sharing of real living is important.

In a world where we have so much cotton and corn that we plough it under, in an age of
abundance where we kill our pigs, close our factories because they produce more than laborers can
buy — we dare not say that we are too poor to provide opportunities for swimming, skating, singing,
reading and all that men gladly do to stretch their souls and their bodies. In a world where college-
trained men beg for a chance to work we cannot say that our country as a whole cannot afford to
set aside 80,000 additional education — recreation — leisure time workers to give all communities the
opportunities for recreation, for living that the best communities have already provided for themselves.

Even tribes of American Indians whom we designated as savages in an age of scarcity set aside
men to serve as "Delight Makers." In an age of plenty such that we stop our production, it would be
ridiculous to say that we have not the wealth for music, drama, beauty. Once let the world have
adequate beauty of action, motion, sound, drama, nature, literature, and all other problems will be-
come easier because frustration, disillusionment, disappointment, disgust, will be removed from the
center and will be replaced by a sense of fulness, richness, color, power, joy — -so that the world no
longer seems to hang stagnant.

We have been so blinded by men's cry for bread that we have not seen that the real cry is for
something far more vital — a cry for beauty of life.

Men growing up knowing what hunger is — when they speak their deepest thought — tell you
thai great as was the need for food — food alone was not enough. Man is not the kind of animal
whose hunger is satisfied by bread. Romance, adventure, beauty, comradeship, share in living must
there be — as well as bread — to satisfy the hunger of the human spirit, to give enduring security.

Howard Braucher.

APRI L I 935

On the Grandstand

Charles J. Storey

New York City

Watching, instead of doing, is not
a recreative sin, but it sometimes
leads to a badly balanced diet!
Why take all your fun vicariously?

IN A SMALL boy's vocabulary there is no such
word as "spectator." He has generally to be
chained down if you want him to watch any
sort of active game. His whole being is against
looking at an activity in which he is not allowed
to take part. I suppose a child does not know any-
thing about vicarious participation in any activity.
The spectator attitude is essentially that of the
adult, who from either innate laziness or some
other reason is capable of watching the most active
and interesting sports without any desire to be in
the midst of them. A child who sees other chil-
dren playing nearby will fidget and resist paternal
restraint in order to be among them. His entire
body moves in excitable rhythm in accord with
the actions he beholds. The young animal thinks
with his muscles and he will not be content until
he is exercising them in a game.

Watching other people in activity is apparently
an adult entertainment. It is enjoyable and recrea-
tive. Look at a group of men in easy attitudes
watching the laborers digging up the street. The
scene is certainly familiar to them. They have
watched it many times before, but it still has the
power to give a reposeful ease and a sort of con-
tentment. Early Americans used to gather in a
ring to watch a dog fight in front of the general
store. Their descendants fill a stadium and watch
a prize fight. Seventy thousand thunder at a foot-
ball game. Thousands fill the grandstands and
bleachers at professional baseball. They go for
the fun of it, yet there is much discussion about
the relative value of watching instead of partici-
pating in recreation.

Witnessing Spectacles An Old Custom

Going in crowds to witness spectacles and
sports is no modern recreation. The ancient Greeks
and Romans did it. A glance at the noble remains
of the Colosseum at Rome shows what provision

they made for the forty or fifty thousand people
who once filled that amphitheatre. Baiting Chris-
tians in the arena was only a small portion of the
Roman outdoor sports program, for the Roman
politicians understood thoroughly how to further
their own ends by using the natural craving for
recreation in their people. And their oflferings
were unusually cruel. There is a difference not
only in the kinds of sport offered today but also
in the fact that an infinitely greater proportion of
of the populace regularly attend indoor and out-
door theatrical and sport entertainment.

Without boring the reader with statistics of the
number of theaters, movies and stadiums in the
country, you may take my word for it that there
are quite a lot of them. They range in size from
the intimate theatre and movie house of less than
three hundred seats to athletic bowls of seventy
to one hundred thousand capacity. No doubt the
growth of a city dwelling age with its millions of
people in sedentary occupations is responsible in
part for the increase of opportunities to watch
something rather than to do something in recrea-
tive hours.

The greatest number of spectators are gathered
at the four major spectacles — the theatre, the
movies, professional baseball and college football.
Professional ice hockey, boxing, wrestling and
even professional tennis draw huge crowds. Col-
lege football is included in these commercial rec-
reations because as far as the spectator is con-
cerned it has all the earmarks of commercialism.
The visitor pays a good price for admission, re-
ceiving no extra benefits, while what are usually
considered the principal aims of athletics — the
enjoyment of playing the game and the physical
development of the players — are lost sight of
under the tremendous gate receipts and the pro-
fessionalized teams.

ON THE GRANDSTAND

Why do so many people go to see things rather
than do things? And do they receive the same
recreative benefits in watching as in doing?

Of course we know that sitting on the grand-
stand watching twenty-two active college men
play football is a stimulating and engrossing oc-
cupation. There is nothing quite like the thrill of
a well-played baseball game between professional
teams who play with exactitude and rhythm. And
aside from the cultural aspects of some theatrical
performances, these spectacles, as well as the omni-
present movies, furnish a release from the ten-
sions of work or care which their very popularity
attests.

Sitting on the grandstand — that is, watching
instead of doing — is not a recreative sin. It is do-
ing that and nothing more which comes in for
adverse criticism. Students of recreation deplore
both the tendency of many people to get all their
active recreation vicariously on the grandstand or
in the theatre and the all-too-shrewd commercial
interests which capitalize this human indolence by
inventing and continually presenting new specta-
cles for the inert looker-on.

The confirmed baseball fan, if he never plays
ball, is undoubtedly a dissipator in recreation. He
is getting his recreation in one form only with-
out any of the accompanying pleasures of per-
sonal performance. His recreative meal is all
vegetables and no meat.

Not Prohibition But Temperance!

It is the inert spectator who we may surmise
is not getting one hundred per cent recuperation.
His inertness may come from being continuously
and only a spectator in his leisure moments. We
don't need prohibition of "spectatoritis" but rather
temperance. Continual reliance on being enter-
tained and amused, whether it be in the grand-
stand or in the seats of a theatre, is intemperate
and recreative excess. We must have an audifence
for our theatre whether its players are profes-
sional or amateur. And we should have spectators
at our ball games and athletic events. But we do
not want the same audience, the same spectators,
all the time. I once heard a conductor on the
Pennsylvania Railroad say that his run ended
every afternoon about two o'clock and he could
go to a ball game, which he did. Well, he was
just drinking too much "spectatoritis." He found
some recuperation, of course, in thus enjoying his
favorite and apparently only diversion. But he
had an unbalanced diet.

People often choose their recreations in the
same fashion that careless housewives buy food
for the family. They purchase the products near-
est at hand or widely advertised.

What Americans may need is a little more sales
resistance. It has been said that when the news-
papers discovered that sports were news, the glori-
(Continued on page 41)

The Japanese National Game: Go

By J. P. Bowles

WITH rules
simpler than
checkers,
but with possibili-
ties greater than
chess, the Japan-
ese game of Go is
a sort of eighth
wonder of the
world. A child can
probably be taught
quicker to begin
playing Go than
checkers. Dr.
Emanuel Lasker,
for many years
world's chess champion,
concedes the superiority
of Go to chess.

The Equipment and
Object

All that is required,
besides two players, is a
"checkerboard" with
nineteen lines each way,
a bowlful of white and
one of black "checkers"
or stones, as they are

called. Lacking these, Go can be played with pen-
cil and ruled paper.

All there is to the play is the capture of terri-
tory by placing stones in unbroken lines around
it — incidentally capturing opponent's stones by a
similar process of surrounding them. When
neither player sees advantage in continuing, prison-
ers are exchanged and placed in home territory,
thereby reducing the area captured. The player
whose stones surround the most vacant inter-
sections wins. There is only one arbitrary rule,
applying to a situation called ko and necessary
to forestall a sort of stalemate and a drawn
game.

Honinbo Shusai and two professional wonnen So
players of Japan in conventional opening play.
The nanne Honinbo is conferred upon the cham-
pion. He does not receive a numbered degree
but is called Meijin, the Master. When a new
Honinbo is chosen, he is adopted as the son of
the old Honinbo; thus the name is perpetuated.
Honinbo Shusai, the twenty-first Honinbo, has
never been defeated since receiving the title.
It is believed that Go Sei Gen, the young
Chinese Go revolutionary, will become the next
Honinbo. Go Sei Gen has upset the .Go tradi-
tions of centuries with his opening play. Honinbo
beat him by only two points; but he is an old man
and Go Sei Gen has not reached his majority.

The standard
Japanese Go board
is about nineteen
by twenty inches
and about six in-
ches thick. ( Boards
for use in the
United States are
likely to be only
about one inch
thick.) It is usu-
ally made of a
medium-hard, re-
sonant, yellow
wood, such as
yew, cedar or
white pine. To increase
resonance the under side
is sometimes hollowed
out, so that the Go board,
tradition slyly suggests,
may also serve to hold
the dismembered head of
a kibitzer 1

Centered on the upper
surface is the "checker-
board." Nineteen lines
each way, about seven-

eighths of an inch apart,
form 361 intersections. As the squares are not
used — only the intersections — they are not dis-
tinguished from the board proper by any other
marking. The nine intersections of every fourth,
tenth and sixteenth lines are pointed up with tiny
dots, which serve as handicap points.

The stones are discs, convex on both sides,
about seven-eighths of an inch in diameter and
nearly one-quarter inch thick in the center. As
made in Japan, the white stones are of pearl shell,
pleasant to touch ; the black stones of slate, turn-
ing a luminous jet after continued use. The
meticulous Go stone maker provides 180 white
and 181 black stones, one for each of the 361 in-

THE JAPANESE NATIONAL GAME: GO

tersections, but seldom does a game require more
than 1 50 of each. White and black stones are kept
separate in each of two wooden bowls about six
inches in diameter and four inches high, of which
the covers, removed and inverted, serve during
play to hold prisoners.

Rules for Play
Play begins with the board clear and the stones
in their respective bowls. Starting with black,

DIAGRAM A
Diagram A illustrates prime positions.

players take turn placing one stone at a time on
any intersection not occupied by a stone, except
on a certain intersection on a certain play in a
situation called ko. Once a stone is played, it is
never moved to another intersection.

A typical mannerism is to fork out a stone from
the bowl between index finger fingernail and third
finger, not in affectation but because this is the
easiest way to handle it; then to slap it down on
the resounding board (whereby, it has been
hinted, the slow player may awaken his oppon-
ent) ; then to slide it delicately to the chosen in-
tersection.

Regarding the board as an island, with outer
lines as waterfront boundary and corner areas as
peninsulas, obviously the corner areas are easiest
to capture by surrounding, since few stones are
required to complete the partitioning off of terri-
tory already partly surrounded or partitioned oflf
on two sides by the waterfront boundaries. Hence
early play usually takes place in corner areas, and
the first stone is usually placed on an intersection
three or four lines from each of two boundary
lines (including boundary lines in
the counting), as in a in the ac-
companying Diagram A. The op-
ponent usually places the second
stone similarly in another comer
area, and so on with third and
fourth plays.

Since the sides are next easiest
to capture, the following play is
sometimes on other intersections
three or four lines from an outer
or boundary line. But Go is a
fighting game and most players
seem to favor challenging an op-
ponent for possession of a corner
or a share thereof. This precipi-
tates a fight.

The accompanying Diagrams,
B, C and D, record and illustrate
a game between Karl Davis Ro-
binson and Fritz Kastilan. It is
a naive experiment in the open-
ing play strategy of the young
Chinese genius Go Sei Gen.

Diagram D shows the fin-
ished game. White has captured
the following black stones : seven
around f-i6; they are conceded
captured.

Black has captured the follow-
ing white stones: k-14, I-14, q-15 and q-i6. Other
captured stones are shown on Diagrams B and C.
When these stones and others previously taken
prisoner are returned to their own home territory,
it is found that White wins by sixteen points. The
beginner will do well to replay this game slowly,
trying to understand the reasons for every play.

A territory is definitely captured when the
stones surrounding it cannot be captured by the
opponent, as in Diagram A : positions b, c, d and
e. To understand this it is necessary to know how
the opponent's stones can be captured and the con-
ditions under which they cannot be captured.

THE JAPANESE NATIONAL GAME: GO

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Stones I to 100. No. I, at r-17, is an un-
conventional opening play, except to the
followers of Go Sei Gen. No. 14, at g-16,
is necessary, for otherwise Black has this
side of the board entire. No. 53, at c-3,
an unforunate error. A play at e-4 would
have preserved Black's threat of a large
territory, necessarily contested by White.

obcdefgbj klmnopqrst

DIAGRAM B

A stone is captured when all adjacent intersec-
tions are occupied by opponent's stones, as in f,
g and h. A group of stones is captured when all
intersections adjacent to the stones of the group
are occupied by opponent's stones, as in q.

As soon as a stone or group of stones is
actually so surrounded and thus captured,
it is taken off the board by the capturing
player and kept in his custody until the
end of the game. Therefore it is obvious
that the last stone played in cj was a white
stone, for Black would not have played a
stone in such a way as to complete the
capture of his own group.

The last white stone having been play-
ed in q, White takes off the board all the
black stones in q before Black plays in
his the next turn.

Another example of capture is k.
Which is captured : the group of black

Stones 101 to 200. The black stones around
f-16 are virtually conceded as lost, as Black
cannot form a wall around two separate com-
partments before White closes in and captures.

stones or the white stone at t-i2? The
answer depends on whether the last stone
played was a black stone or the white
stone at t-i2. If the last stone played was
a black stone, then the white stone at t-i2
has just been captured and is to be taken
off the board by Black before White may
play. If the last stone played was the
white stone at t-i2, then all the black
stones have just been captured and are
to be taken off the board by White before
Black may play. Neither of these plays
is a suicide play, because the removal of
the stones captured as the completion of
the play saves the last stone played from being
automatically captured and subject to removal by
the opponent prior to his, the next play. If, how-
ever, any of the white stones other than that at

DIAGRAM C

THE JAPANESE NATIONAL GAME: GO

t-i2 had been missing, the last stone played could
not have been White's at t-12.

Although a player must completely surround
and capture the stones of an opponent before he
may take them ofif the board during the game, at
the end of the game he is entitled to take of? the
board all of opponent's stones which cannot be
saved in territory captured by himself. For ex-
ample, in position c Black need not play at k-19
in order eventually
to capture the white
stone at I-19. The
white stone at I- 19
is regarded as dead
and, at the end of
the game. Black
may take it off the
board as prisoner.

It now becomes
apparent why black
stones in b, c, d and
e cannot be captur-
ed. Using e as an
example, White, in
order to capture,
would have to place
stones on r-19 and
t-19. But White
may not play at both
intersections at
once, and to play on
either is suicide.

Accordingly it
follows that a group
of stones is safe when it
surrounds territory which
the opponent cannot in-
vade without being cap-
tured. This is so when the
group definitely surrounds
two separate territories
and tentatively so when

the group's player cannot be prevented by plays
of his opponent from dividing the territory sur-
rounded into two separate definitely surrounded
territories.

There is a certain condition, called seki, under
which invaders of a surrounded territory cannot
capture or be captured, as in s. If White plays on
either a-7 or a- 1 1 , r)lack jjlays on the other inter-
section and captures that white stone and those at
a-8, a-9 and a- 10 and is safe. If Black plays on
either a-7 or a-ii, White plays on the other in-

DIAGRAM D

Stones 201 to 234. Finished game. Black has
surrounded 66 intersections and five prisoners.
White has surrounded 78 intersections and
ten prisoners. White wins by seventeen points,
enough to warrant giving Black a one-stone
handicap after two such victories.

tersection and captures all the black stones. Such
a situation, called seki, is left as is and neither
player gets credit for the two points of territory
at a-7 and a-ii.

Now for the one arbitrary rule of play, called
the rule of ko, as in m, n and p. Given the situa-
tion in m, it is Black's play. Should Black place a
stone on m-14, he would thereby capture and re-
move the white stone at I-14. In the absence of

rule of ko, White
might then on his
the next play place
another stone at I-14
and capture the
black stone just
placed at m-14, and
so on indefinitely.
Similarly with the
ko situations at n
and p.

The rule of ko
provides that a stone
which has just com-
pleted the capture
of an opponent's
stone may not be
captured on the fol-
lowing play unless
other stones can
also be captured
with the same play.
Thus, if Black plays
at m-T4, White may
not play at I-14 on
his the following play.
This gives Black an op-
portunity to make his the
following play at I-14 and
so "close" the ko and
"win" the ko. If the win-
xning of the ko is, however,
sufficiently important to
White, White will make his interim play else-
where so threatening to .Black that Black may
chose to answer it instead of closing the ko. Then,
and only then. White may play at I-14. Similarly,
Black may contest the ko, and so on until all po-
tential plays sufficiently threatening are exhausted.
So much for the one arbitrary rule of play.
There are several rules of courtesy, not all of
which, however, are likely to be observed in the
United States. But it is ever obligatory, as a rule
of courtesy, to give warning when one makes a

THE JAPANESE NATIONAL' GAME: GO

play such that on his follow-
ing play he can completely sur-
round, capture and take off the
board one or more of oppon-
ent's stones. It is customary to
give this warning by saying
the Japanese word "atari,"
similar to the "check" or
"guardez" in chess.

Handicapping is provided
for by allowing Black a given
number of plays before White
begins. These plays must be
made, however, in prescribed order on prescribed
intersections, nine of which are d-4, d-io, d-i6;
k-4, k-io, k-i6; q-4, q-io, q-i6. Altogether, at
least seventeen degrees of handicap are provided
for. In practice, nine are the limit.

With not more than nine stones of handicap, a
master and a passing fair player can play together
with equal chance of success. It is one of the
beauties of Go that such handicapping does not, as
in chess, spoil the game for either player. Games
rarely end in a draw. And it is significant that,
through handicapping, degrees of ability are mea-
surable to a fraction of a degree of handicap.

The History of Go

Of the origin of Go we know not which, if any,
of the hoary legends be true. It is casually re-
ferred to in a Chinese writing of about 1000 B.C.
Certain Chinese classics date it prior to 2300
B.C. It is said to have been invented by a Chinese
emperor or an aide to strengthen the weak mind
of the emperor's son. It is believed to have been
introduced into Japan between 700 and 800 A.D.
Whereas China is the mother, Go properly belongs
to Japan by adoption. While the rules have been
altered little, the present marvelous development
of tactics and strategy is exclusively Japanese.

When Shakespeare was hitch-hiking to London,
Japanese players with a reputation — even monks,
farmers, trades people, regardless of social status
— were being summoned before the royal presence
to "do their stuff," either to give the imperial play-
boys a stiff workout or to demonstrate their skill
against one another.

Then Honinbo Sansha, spiritual ancestor of a
line of masterful Honinbo, opened a private Go
school. Hideyoski, a famous general, founded the
first Go college. His successor, lyeyasu, super-
ceded it in 1603 with a sort of national Go college,
subsidized, which lasted until 1865. Honinbo

"It is written in the Wu Ts'ah Tsu that
among the playthings of modern and
ancient times, there is nothing more
remote than Go. Next to wine and
women it leads men astray. If they
think it difficult even village boys and
common people can play it very skill-
fully, but if it be thought very easy
even the wisest and most intelligent,
though they investigate it thoroughly
through generations, may not acquire
it correctly." — From The Game of
Go, by Arthur Smith.

Sansha was the first Dean,
with a princely retainer of
land and rice. Many of the
ranking players were salaried
professors. The alumni went
forth as strolling players, set-
tling down where they fancied
as teachers, in security and
honor.

At the fall of the Shogunate
in 1868, the national Go col-
lege closed its doors. And for
a decade the fascination of
Occidental innovations seems to have lured some
attention from Go. Around 1880, however, there
seems to have been a reaction against foreign in-
terests and Go returned to popular favor.

For centuries Go has been the national game of
Japan — of the public, including children. Yet it
enjoys the reputation of being the game of
Princes, scholars and war lords. While Japanese
children play Go as ours play marbles, Go is the
darling of officialdom and of high society. It is
quite the thing- — sort of "horsey," let us say. And
to play Go well is a far more essential part of be-
ing a gentleman than to play bridge well in this
country. But, whereas the public plays both Go
and Shoghi (Japanese chess), aristocrats play
only Go.

Go has been played by Americans in the United
States for a generation. Among the pioneers are
Karl Davis Robinson, proprietor of The Photo-
graphic Research Laboratory, Lee Foster Hart-
man, editor of Harper's Magazine; W. D. Witt
of Philadelphia, a bibliophile, and Edward Lasker,
chess expert. Mr. Hartman and Mr. Robinson
have had translated and have edited Japanese Go
classics. Mr. Lasker has just published an intro-
ductory history and manual of the game. Mr.
Robinson, as the foremost American authority, is
preparing a comprehensive treatise, based largely
on his twenty-year collection of Go literature and
correspondence with the Japanese masters, to
which the author of this article expresses in-
debtedness.

Various groups in New York, Philadelphia,
Baltimore and Princeton have developed consid-
erable skill. Since the formation of the American
Go Association by Mr. Robinson, isolated players
are being discovered all over the United States,
clamoring for information as to where to find
fellow-players. The number of new players is
(Continued on page 42)

Heigh-ho for a Merry Spring!

HARDLY ANY Other delight
is so deep and so in need
of expression as that we
feel on a fresh May morning when the fields
and trees are growing into full, radiant life
again. Then, if ever, is a time for a festival. But
that word of happy erstwhile simple mean-
ing has come to mean big choruses, a sym-
phony orchestra, soloists, much expense, or
other things difficult to achieve. Without be-
littling these great things or the possibility of
achieving even these, we could have in every
community a Spring festival, and others to fol-
low it, that would be easy and inexpensive to
produce, enlist many people, and be as delight-
ful and possibly as stimulating toward the best
kinds of musical, dance, dramatic and other
artistic activities as anything could be.

Such a festival was held during the recent
New York State Farm and Home Week at
Ithaca, and it was so successful and so readily
adaptable to any community or neighborhood,
rural or urban, that many a recreation leader
may wish to know what it was and how it
was done.

Though there might have been a blizzard
outside the auditorium on the day it was done,
it was a Spring festival with all the color, sing-
ing, dancing and other gayety that we associate

By Augustus D. Zanzig

National Recreation Association

with that time of bright new
life. This was done in order
that many of the several
thousand men and women gathered for the
Week from all parts of the State might see how
they could have such a celebration of the Spring
in their own communities. It was all prepared
in less than three days. On Tuesday morning
no one who was to take part in it knew what
he or she was to do in it, but on Thursday
afternoon eleven groups of people — 135 persons
in all — were active on the stage, a new unison
chorus of 80 sat amidst the audience near the
piano to lead in the singing. An audience of
about 2,000 held printed programs containing
the words of the songs which all were invited
to sing and most of which had been learned
and sung by many of them during an informal
singing period held on each of the first three
days of the week.

The Program

Each page of the program which was given
the audience was of a dififerent color — orange,
yellow, green and blue. We are presenting here
the main events as they were listed on the pro-
gram. Unfortunately space does not permit of
our printing the words of the songs used and
it is possible to give only their titles. After

HEIGH-HO FOR A MERRY SPRING !

reproducing as much as possible of the pro-
gram, we will comment on each item in it and
tell how it was planned, organized and pro-
duced.

SPRING FESTIVAL
Farm and Home Week, Cornell University
February 14, 1935
Introduction

This Spring Festival, all of which has been planned
and prepared in three days of this week, is for immediate
pleasure, but all those connected with it are hopeful that
it will serve also as an inspiration for the production of
such a simple festival in many other communities in New
York State in the spring, at harvest time and at other
times. A large group of county representatives from all
parts of the state have taken steps this week, in daily
conferences, toward preparing to plan and direct such
festivals in their respective communities.

For this festival there is really no audience, for every-
one present is invited to take full part in it, through the
singing if not through any other merry-making.

Behold the ancient customs '

By which the folk made gay
Within the pleasant greenwood
Upon the first of May.

The Merrymakers Sing and Dance

I. "Mayers" bringing in the green while everybody
sings the "Cornish May Song."*
II. "Mayers" decorate the festival-place while every-
body sings.

Song : "Morning Comes Early"**

III. Bringing in the Maypole : bearer, chimney-sweeps,
hobby horse and more Mayers.

Song : "Come, Lasses and Lads"

IV. Maypole Dance: "Sellenger's Round," an old
English Country Dance.

V. Another group comes to dance and sing.
Song: "Rosa"*
Song: "Come, Let Us Be Joyful"
VI. Ploughboys and Milkmaids.

Song: "The Jolly Ploughboy"
Bean-setting, an old English dance grown out of
springtime dibbing and sowing.
The Merry, Merry Milkmaids— another old
English dance.
VII. Birds and other children from Bethel Grove
Rural School.

Song: "All the Birds"
"Song: "A Windmill"*
A singing game : "Oats, Peas, Beans and Barley Grow"
VIII. Song characters come alive.

Song : "The Lark in the Morn"**
Song: "The Old Woman and the Peddler"**
IX. Neighbors from the Hungarian Social Club of
Ithaca, in three folk dances.

Szalon Polka Csardas

X. Boy and girl hikers from Boynton Junior High
School, Ithaca, in some spring games.
Song: "Tiritomba"**
XI. Folk dancers from the Campus, in three Scandi-
navian dances.
Dal Dance Schottische Josseharad Polka

XII. A group of American "Square Dancers" in a
Virginia Reel or whatever else you wish.
But Where's the fiddler?

Song: "The Generous Fiddler"*
XIII. A last good dance around the Maypole, and off
they go !

* To be found in "Songs for Informal Singing," published by
the National Recreation Association. 10 cents a copy; $7.50 per
100 for 50 or more copies.

** In "Folk Songs and Ballads," Set I., E. C. Schirmer Music
Company, Boston, Mass. 12 cents a copy.

Explaining the Program
The "Mayers" were eight couples of college
freshmen (high school, 4-H club or other
young men and women could do equally well)
who came dancing down the outside aisles,
four couples in each, from the rear of the hall
to the stage while the Cornish May Song was
being sung. The girls were in simple English
country dresses and carried paper bonnets of
Spring colors, while the boys were in dark
trousers, white shirts, simple sleeveless jackets
made of bright, solid-colored cambric, and
girdles or scarves of the same material and
color about their waists. The boys carried small
branches of green leaves with which to finish
decorating the stage, the entire back of which
was covered with handsome hemlocks. In the
Spring they would, of course, be carrying
sprigs of flowers, too, in their upraised hands,
and the stage would also be decorated accord-
ingly. The directions for this processional
dance, as well as the melody and words of the
song, are in "Songs for Informal Singing,"
published by the National Recreation Associa-
tion. Both the song and the dance have been
used for generations in an annual May celebra-
tion in the village of Helston in Cornwall,
England. There on every eighth of May a
group of young people, having gone out be-
fore the dawn to gather greenery and flowers,
come singing and dancing as they bring these
into the village. Then other village folk joining
them and preceded by a band and usually led
by the mayor, dance through the streets and
in and out of houses, bringing tHe benign in-
fluence to every household.

Directly after "Morning Comes Early" was
sung, a gay shout was heard as the Maypole
was brought in by two men in old English
costume accompanied by two clownish chim-
ney sweeps, a very spirited hobby-horse and
four more "Mayers." The Maypole, fifteen feet
high and 4j/^" in diameter, was all wound
round with fresh laurel with calendulas
fastened at short intervals between the laurel
stem and the pole, a wonderful sight for eyes
weary of winter's bareness. From a small disc
two inches thick fastened to the top of the pole
hung gay-colored ribbons of cambric which,
not to be used in any dance, were only ten
feet long. The base or stand for the pole was
5 feet, 4 inches square, made of boards about

HEIGH-HO FOR A MERRY SPRING !

9 inches wide and
Ij4 inches thick,
with four wooden
braces which were
held together at
the top by a disc
about a foot wide, •
in the center of
which was a hole
into which the
pole fit snugly.
This base was, of
course, placed in
position on the
stage before the
festival started,
and it was hidden
under branches of

green. courtesy English Folk Dance Society

The song,
"Come, Lasses and Lads," can be obtained for
ten cents from the H. W. Gray Company, 159
East 48th Street, New York. The music and
full directions for dancing "Sellenger's Round,"
"Merry, Merry Milkmaids" and four other old
English dances are in Volume III of the
English Country Dance Graded Series, obtain-
able from the same company at $1.50.

After "Sellenger's Round" was danced
around the Maypole by the same young people
who danced in to the Cornish May Song, some
women appearing at the left wing of the stage
and seeing the merry-making, sang as if to one
another the song, "Rosa, Let Us Be Dancing"
and skipped to the middle of the stage, all
twelve of them, falling into a circle around the
Maypole. At the end of the first stanza the two
girls who happened then to be nearest a group
of six young men who had also appeared at the
left wing, dropped their hands, and the men
skipped inside the women's circle singing,
"Rosa, will you be mine, now?" The women
continued skipping around while the men did
likewise but in the other direction. At the close
of the second stanza, each man turned to take
a certain two girls for his partners in "Come,
Let Us Be Joyful," a charming and easy sing-
ing-dance to be found in "Twice 55 Games with
Music," published by C. C. Birchard and Com-
pany, 221 Columbus Avenue, Boston, at 25
cents a copy. This singing-dance had been

learned in about
twenty minutes on
the preceding af-
ternoon.

Eight milkmaids
and six "plough-
boys" in overalls,
each of the latter
bearing a rake,
hoe or other light
farm implement,
strolled in with
free swinging step
to the song, "The
Jolly Ploughboy,"
one step to a
measure. This
song, costing ten
cents, and the
music for the
dance. Bean-setting, can be obtained through
the H. W. Gray Company mentioned above.
The dance music is published in Set I of Morris
Dance Tunes, along with seven other such
tunes, which costs $1.50.

Bean-setting, done by the men, is partly, at

least, an idealization of garden planting in

which a stick or dib was used to make a hole

for the seeds. It is done in sets of three coujjles,

each set in column formation, partners about

four feet apart : '

5 6

3 4

I 2

Audience
Each dancer holds in his right hand a round
stick about 18 inches long and about }i of an
inch in diameter, and for each measure of the
music except those 'for the dibbing and strik-
ing of sticks there are four low hopping steps
— left, left, right, right — with the free foot
slung slightly forward.

Introduction. During the playing of the
first 8 measures the dancers stand as in the
above diagram, the sticks crossed between
partners ready to strike them together on the
third beat of the last measure.

Part I. A Ring

A. With dancers i, 3 and 5 turned "right
about face," all proceed in an elliptical ring
with the step described above. No. 5 following

HEIGH-HO FOR A MERRY SPRING!

No. 6, and No. 2 following No. i, until Nos.
5, 3 and I are facing forward in the positions
of 2, 4 and 6, and vice versa. Then the two
files close in slightly, continuing the stepping,
and on the third beat of the fourth measure
partners strike their sticks together.

B. All continue around to the original posi-
tion and strike sticks on the third beat of the
eighth measure.

Part II. Dibbing, in which with partners
facing one another each one stoops forward
with stick in right hand to thump the lower
end on the ground.
Meas. I. All dib twice
Meas. 2. Remain stooped, strike partner's

stick on first beat and hold it there
Meas. 3. All dib twice
Meas. 4, 1st beat. Strike partner's stick
Meas. 4, 2nd beat. No. 2 strikes stick of No. 4
Meas. 5, 1st beat. No. 4 strikes stick of No. 6
Meas. 5, 2nd beat. No. 6 strikes stick of No. 5
Meas. 6, ist beat. No. 5 strikes stick of No. 3
Meas. 6, 2nd beat. No. 3 strikes stick of No. i
Meas. 6, 3rd beat. All partners strike across
together.

Repeat all of Part II.

Part III. Crossing over and back with step
of Part I.

A. Partners face each other, cross passing

right shoulder to right shoulder and turn right
into opposite places as they strike their sticks
together on the 3rd beat of fourth measure.

B. Partners return again, passing right
shoulders, and turn right into original place as
they strike sticks together on 3rd beat of eighth
measure.

Part IV. Repeat Part II.

Part V. Back-to-Back.

A. Partners cross as in Part III, but return
at once moving backward into original place in
time to strike sticks on the 3rd beat of fourth
measure. As they return backward they pass
left shoulders.

B. Partners cross passing left shoulders and
return backward passing right shoulders in
time to strike sticks on 3rd beat of eighth
measure.

Part VI. Repeat Part II and on the last beat
of the dance jump into the original column for-
mation, facing forward, as the sticks are struck
and held crossed between partners.

The children in the one-room rural school
were asked what they would like to contribute
to the happiness of the festival. The seven
little children, dressed in capes and caps of
different colors, who thus resembled birds,
needed no rehearsal to flit about while the song
"All the Birds" was sung twice:

German Folk Song

ja^

AU ike f^\.rdLs

uL^i' : J. i- J 1 1 f. Q J I . ^^

AU iive \>irls h^Mte CMr\t a- 3o-«-»^ , Came t\jUXjo^

Ou-S.

iLJUu: \ f r-i ^m

Slu^U^. Ko^ C^ ^biu.e bx^if- ^tu-jLArJ. J OLij

i^ J J-.rj-kr^^J I I vl^J' r

Si,yiMikeJirmerr\t f^tuvde ~ ^-*-^ - N>1 ^c bw^tU fuLoe

\i^ f L^

i I J. i^J-j- 1 ^^

CftvTve «\- ta-*^ , CW»*e U'^JX g'o^ou^ ^Cvv^i/w^

HEIGH-HO FOR A MERRY SPRING!

The children imitated the motions suggested
by each stanza of "A Windmill" as they sang it.

"The Lark in the Morn" and "The Old
Woman and the Peddler" were acted out.

The delight and other values to be found
in such dances as the Hungarian and Scand-
inavian ones, especially when they are done
as real folk-expressions by persons whose
natrve heritage they are, should lead any
festival-maker to seek for such and for songs
and other appropriate folk-expressions among
the people of his region. Many a festival or
other such occasion has led people of foreign
extraction to recapture for their own happiness
and to present to the community traditional
music, dancing and other arts and crafts that
are superb recreational activities which they
had given up because of the contrary interests
and pressures of our everyday life.

The Junior High School boys merely played
two typical outdoor games, each taking two or
three minutes, after they had hiked on to the
stage. "Tiritomba" is a fine song to be sung
for such an entrance.

Two sets of eight for an American square
dance were formed at the moment, of people
who responded to an invitation given to "any-
one in the audience" to come and take part.
Only a caller and a fiddler had been chosen
beforehand and they had chosen "Darling
Nelly Gray" as the dance. The fiddler had been
asked to delay his appearance in order to give
excuse for singing the beloved song, "The
Generous Fiddler." He also acted out his part
in the second stanza of the song. Music and
directions for "Darling Nelly Gray" can be
obtained for 25 cents from the Church Recrea-
tion Service, Delaware, Ohio.

Throughout the festival as each group
finished its part it gathered, standing, at the
rear of the stage. Thus a constantly growing
company of jolly and interested spectators was
on the stage, making the latter more and more
handsome and animated with their costume
colors and sincere appreciation and applause of
each succeeding group of performers. The
children seated themselves at the side ends of
the stage near the front. After the square dance
the Maypole, which had been set back to make
room for that dance, was brought to the middle
of the stage again, the Mayers did Sellenger's
Round again around it, and then they skipped

off the stage, half going down one aisle and
half going down another aisle to the rear of the
hall followed by all the rest of the merry-
makers, each group of whom had been told
down which aisle to go. Had there been time
before the festival for each of them to learn
"Sellenger's Round," it would have been
splendid to have three circles at once doing
that dance around the tree in a "grand finale."
If there was any tendency toward having
this festival appear to be, unfortunately, an
exhibition rather than, or as well as, a spon-
taneous, self-forgetful though often beautiful
merrymaking, that tendency was completely
defeated by the chimney sweeps, Maypole
bearers and the hobby-horse. Their unrehearsed
imitations or other pranks coming at the close
of a dance or immediately after it brought
gales of laughter and made plain to anyone
who might otherwise doubt it that the per-
formers were not taking themselves too seriously.
But perfect care was taken to avoid having this
clowning detract attention from any dance or
other performance until the latter had had its
full effect.

Organization and Preparation

A tentative program for the festival was
presented to a group of people chosen before-
hand as representing together knowledge and
executive force as to available resources for
costuming, stage decoration, lighting, folk
dancing, singing, dramatics and, most import-
ant, for enlisting people to take part in the
festival, to be ushers, or to help in other ways.
After a three-hour, leisurely discussion the
program to be striven toward, and all its
needs, adapted to the actual possibilities as
estimated by those present, was well in mind,
including arrangements for enlisting groups to
perform. In the process of getting groups and
preparing them, some slight changes in the
program were made. No group rehearsed more
than four times, most of them fewer times, and
there was no joint or full rehearsal at all ; yet
each group appeared without delay, in proper
costume, and performed well, and everything
else worked out well. This was mainly due to
the clarity of the plans for the festival, and
full knowledge for each group as to what it
was to do. A chart of the stage and the audi-
(Contmued on page 42)

The Florentine Musical May

Bu Marinobel Smith

FLORENCE^ Italy, will lead
the other art and music
centers of Europe with
the first music festival of the
season April 24th to June 4th.
The six-weeks affair' is known
as Maggio Musicale Fiorentino,
or Florentine Musical May,
and was inaugurated in 1933
at the instigation of Premier
Mussolini. Her Royal High-
ness, Princess Maria of Piedmont, sponsors the
festival this Spring.

One hundred and fifty thousand visitors were
estimated to have attended the first Maggio Musi-
cale. Among these were many Americans, and
again for the coming fete, throngs of tourists,
students and others are expected to flood the city
during the month of May.

If these travelers abroad are familiar with the
older, more picturesque festivals having their
roots in medieval times, they will make sure to
arrive in Florence at least a week before the
music festival starts. For it is in the ancient
square in front of Florence's Duomo, or Ca-
thedral, that one of the country's most colorful
Easter-time rituals takes place. On Holy Satur-
day a great three-tiered chariot, blazing with fire-
works set off by a mechanical dove (La Colom-
bina), draws out the entire Florentine citizenry
from the farthest parts of the city and the hills of
Fiesole nearby. "Lo Scoppio del Carro" — the
Burning of the Chariot — originated in the sacred
rite of kindling the holy fire on Holy Saturday,
and dates back to 1305 when a member of the
local Pazzi family returned victorious from the
Crusades.

Other traditional fetes, revived by the Fascist-
sponsored "National Leisure Hours Institution,"
attest to the still unrivaled spirit of carnival in
Italy. The culmination of the various seasonal
and religious festivals takes a less nationalistic
form in the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino. In its

It is indeed a far cry from the
simple Spring festival in rural
New York described by Mr.
Zanzig in the preceding article,
to the ambitious music festival
planned for Florence, Italy; but
we invite you to cross the ocean
with us and enjoy a festival to
which six nations will contribute.

inception it was predominantly
Italian, music from i8th cen-
tury Italy comprising the
greater part of the 1933 pro-
gram. For the second Maggio
Musicale, however, contribu-
tors from Germany, France,
Austria, England and the
United States, as well as Ital-
ians, are featured in the pro-
gram of opera, symphony and
chamber music concerts, drama in the out-of-
doors, the modern dance and lectures.

France offers the Paris Opera Company in
Rameau's "Castor et Pollux," and members of the
National Dancing Academy in a program of
dances. Austria is represented by the Mozart
opera "II Ratto al Serraglio" in its complete form,
conducted by Bruno Walter and performed by
Viennese artists. The Philharmonic Orchestra
and Kittel Chorus from Berlin will give perform-
ances of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony and the
Verdi Requiem.

The combined Florentine Choruses and Or-
chestras will appear in Haydn's "The Season,"
under the baton of Vittorio Gui ; in Mozart's
"Requiem" under Mr. Walter; and in the com-
plete series of Bach's "Brandenburg Concerti"
under Adolph Busch.

The most important contribution from Italy
herself is a new opera, "Orseolo" by Ildebrande
Pizzetti, to be given its first public performances
May 4th, 9th and 15th. Rossini's "Moses," Verdi's
"Ballo in Maschera" and Bellini's "Norma" are
other Italian productions for which leading per-
formers and conductors have been engaged.

Rino Alessi's drama "Savonarola" will be
staged by Jacques Copeau in the historic Piazza
della Signoria where the martyr was executed
more than four hundred years ago. An orchestra
conducted by Previtali and a huge chorus under
the direction of Morosini will supplement the out-
of-door spectacle with music written especially

THE FLORENTINE MUSICAL MAY

for the occasion by Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco.

The United States will send the distinguished
Dr. Herbert Graf, stage director of the Phila-
delphia Opera, to direct Gluck's "Alceste." This
country may claim, too, a number of festival
stars : Mme. Elizabeth Rethberg, and Messrs.
Lauri-Volpi, Pinza and Borgioli of the Metro-
politan Opera Association, and Marion Clark,
American operatic soprano. Charles Kullman,
American singer who has appeared here with the
Chautauqua Opera Association at Chautauqua,
N. Y., and has enjoyed considerable success in
the opera houses of Berlin and Vienna, will also
take a leading part in the Florence festival per-
formances.

The Palazzo Vecchio, whose tower is visible
for miles up in the hills surrounding the city, will
house the second International Music Congress, a
part of the Maggio Musicale. The Piazza della
Signoria where "Savonarola" is to be given is
under the shadow of the \'ecchio, but the other
scenes of festival productions are scattered in dif-
ferent parts of the city. Operas will be presented
in the Teatro Comunale, formerly the Politeama
Fiorentino, with a seating capacity of 5.000 and a
modernized stage said to rank with the La Scalla.
The Teatro Pergola, not far from the Duomo,
will house several of the concert attractions.

One must cross over to the left bank of the
River Arno, preferably by the Ponte Vecchio, to
reach the Pitti Palace where the "Serenades" of
Mozart will be played in the courtyard and the
"Brandenburg" Concerti in
the Sala Bianca. The "Alceste"
of Gluck brings the festival to
a close in the regal and ancient
Boboli Gardens nearby, fitting
surroundings for the culmina-
tion of the Maggio Musicale.

To the festival program it-
self, and the art treasures of
Florence which have attracted
generations of travelers, are
added other events of varied

The announcement of a festi-
val is always the signal for
Italian peasantry to gather
from the countryside to take
part in the festivities.

appeal. The Florence International Horse Show,
for example, is scheduled to take place this year
between the 14th and 19th of May. Italy's fifth
annual Arts and Crafts Exhibition, presented in
a different city each year, will also be conducted
in Florence. Opening on May 5th and continu-
ing until the 26th, the exhibit will have on display
the finest specimens of modern handiwork done
in this Tuscan region and other parts of Italy.
Laces, wood carvings, metal work, pottery, glass-
ware and other crafts, in which the natives con-
tinue to excel with the encouragement of the Na-
tional Leisure Hours Institution, will be dis-
played.

Supplementing the music festival will ' be a
series of International Conferences in which
lectures on contemporary problems in the arts will
be given by H. E. Luigi Pirandello ; Lajos Zilahy,
the Hungarian writer ; Henri Bordeaux of France;
Herman de Keiserling of Germany, and G. K.
Chesterton of Great Britain, among others.

Another Spring festival which will arouse much
interest is the second National Folk Festival to be
held May 14th to i8th in Chattanooga, Tennessee,
in the heart of one of the richest seed beds of
folk material in America. Folk music, folk dances,
plays and exhibits of folk arts and crafts will be
features of the festival. Further information may
be secured from Miss Sarah Gertrude Knott,
National Director, Chamber of Commerce Build-
ing, Chattanooga.

special Activities in Glens Falls, New York

THE PROGRAM conducted with
the rehef funds allocated to
Glens Falls by the State De-
partment of Education, has depended upon the
available teachers eligible for relief. We have
been fortunate, however, in having the services
of a number of men and women who not only
needed the financial help but who could contribute
richly to the community. Certain phases of the
program have been more or less obvious. We
have had athletics directors ; one teacher has
taught French and German, another Spanish ; we
have been astonished at the number enrolled in a
public speaking class another girl has been able to
hold together; Parent Education, Shorthand,
Jewelry Making, Social and Economic History of
the United States, Psychology and Cooking have
been among the varied classes we have conducted
during the last thirteen months. However, we
have had several other rather unique activities,
due to the fact that we have found highly trained
teachers for these subjects who were eligible for
employment through these State funds.

The Fellowship of the Blind

One of the first people we located was an ex-
perienced teacher for the blind and deaf. She be-
gan her work by calling upon the fifteen blind
persons here in the city and inviting them to a
meeting to discuss the formation of a club of their
own. The idea was received with great enthusi-
asm and the Fellowship of the Blind was duly
organized for social and rec-
reational purposes. .Officers
were elected and a program
of activities planned. While
one or two members of the
club are in fairly comfort-
able circumstances, the ma-
jority are very poor, yet
every member has insisted
upon paying a few cents
dues each week. The Out-
ing Club has quietly made
up deficits.

Every week for over a
year now this group has met

By Ruth Sherburne

Superintendent of Recreation

In New York State the TERA has aiiocated
■funds to the State Department of Educa-
tion to employ teachers and leaders in need
of financial assistance to work on adult edu-
cation and leisure time programs. Com-
munities presenting acceptable programs
in turn receive funds from the State De-
partment for their projects. The work is in
charge of the boards of education of the
various cities, but in Glens Falls, because
of the already highly organized set-up for
adult education and recreation under the
Recreation Commission and the supple-
mentary Outing Club, the local school au-
thorities have delegated the responsibility
to the recreation executive.

every Tuesday afternoon at two
o'clock at the home of a member
for a meeting and social time.
The business meetings have been given over to
lively discussions of a variety of matters of special
interest to the group. Last winter several bills
were introduced in the Legislature and one im-
portant one in Congress that related to the care
of the blind. The club members took pains to
study them carefully and to write their Represen-
tatives and Congressmen.

After the meeting members who read Braille
play Contract with cards marked in Braille, . of
course. Incidentally, one of the best bridge teach-
ers in town has given them a number of lessons.
Those who cannot read Braille play dominoes and
similar games. The gathering always ends with
afternoon tea. On Thanksgiving, Christmas, Val-
entine's day and similar festive occasions there
have been more elaborate parties, sometimes even
dinners. During the summer months there were
several picnics at Lake George which these blind
men and women enjoyed as thoroughly as chil-
dren would.

Last fall the club became interested in the pur-
chase of a "Talking Book," a combination radio
and victrola for which there is a circulating
library of book records. The cost of the machine
was considerably more than the Fellowship could
shoulder itself, but the entire amount was raised
in a very short time through a very generous con-
tribution made by the churches at their Union
Thanksgiving service and by
parties given by several in-
terested people. The book
has proved a great comfort
to a number of our blind
who, losing their sight late
in life, have had difificulty
in mastering Braille and
hence are cut off from books
unless someone reads to
them. The club has not only
been a source of happiness
for the blind ; it has de-
veloped a really fine fellow-
ship and a spirit of cooper-

SPECIAL ACTIVITIES IN GLENS FALLS, NEW YORK

ation that has proved greatly to the advantage of
the members. For one thing, they have been able
to agree at last upon a standard price for their
chair caning, weaving and other handcraft; and
furthermore, a blind rug weaver now encourages
his customers to buy food from the blind food
sellers, who in turn suggest that their patrons buy
newspapers and cigarettes from the blind news-
dealer.

The teacher's major work lies in assisting the
members of the club with their industrial work,
teaching them new patterns, helping to set up their
looms for weaving, sorting colors, starting bas-
kets and finishing work to be sent to the New
York Commission for the Blind. The blind have
not only made articles for their own profit but
have donated a large number of toys and useful
articles to the children at Westmount Tubercu-
losis Sanitorium. Furthermore, the leader is
teaching Braille and Square Hand, reading aloud,
reading and writing personal mail and assisting
the club members in other personal matters. She
has arranged for medical attention for five semi-
sighted persons and for two important operations.

In addition to this work with the blind, the
same teacher is working with several deaf persons
who want to learn lip reading. One of them is a
college graduate who has rather recently almost
completely lost her hearing. Another is a clergy-
man who has had to give up parochial work be-
cause of his affliction, and has actually been on
the relief rolls because of his inability to find other
work to support a large family.

Americanization Classes

We have had an Americanization teacher under
our auspices for over a year who has worked ex-
clusively in a district without night schools, where
most of the non-English speaking Syrians and
Italians live. She has classes two nights a week in
the school building and works with four other
groups of women who meet afternoons in private
homes. Most of the women are mothers of large
families who find it impossible to get out even-
ings but who can give an hour or two, three times
a week, while their older children are in school.
Three men and women in her group expect to get
their naturalization papers in May while several
others are applying for their first papers.

At Christmas time we had a party for all the
students, and although it was a bitterly cold night
and several were unable to get there, all who did
brave the zero weather had a jolly time playing

games, singing English and Italian songs and
dancing their own beautiful Tarantella.

Home-Bound Children

We also have a teacher for home-bound chil-
dren who visits the homes of children' of school
age who, either because of infantile paralysis, seri-
ous heart condition or other serious defects are
unable to attend regular school classes. The cases
were located through the records of the school
authorities and through the cooperation of phy-
sicians. At the present time the teacher visits eight
children regularly and drops in to see several
others semi-occasionally. As far as possible she
is trying to give them regular school work. One
little eight year old boy, a paralysis victim, had
never been able to have any school work whatever
up to the time she took him in January 1934. He
is an exceptionally bright youngster, however, and
during the year the teacher has been with him he
has fully covered required work for the first two
grades. Many of the children of course are un-
able to do much school work. However for those
who can use their hands the teacher has various
kinds of suitable handicraft. In the case of a few
seriously afflicted children, she merely goes to play
with them a bit, to tell them stories and to leave
some suggestions and material for the mother to
use until her next visit.

We have felt that great tragedy for most of
these children was their lack of social contacts, so
using the utmost care in transporting them we
have on several occasions taken all who were
capable of going to a picnic or party. Twice last
summer they went to our bathing beach where
they rolled in the sand like puppies, and at Christ-
mas we had a wonderful party at the teacher's
home. There were stockings full of presents,
moving pictures, a tea table with delightful favors
and loads of good things to eat. But the great
thrill of the afternoon came when one of our
leading dentists, who is an amateur magician of
real skill, came to entertain them and produced a
live, white bunny from a crumpled paper and
gave it to one wide eyed youngster "for keeps."

The Hobby Club for Unemployed Men

]>ack in 1932 when the depression really hit us,
we saw crowds of hopeless looking men standing
in the corridors of the City Hall or milling about
on certain street corners days when the sun was
a bit warmer. We decided that a decent, warm
place where these men could read and play games

SPECIAL ACTIVITIES IN GLENS FALLS, NEW YORK

while waiting for work to turn up would be of
real social value. Accordingly we rented a store
room that winter, equipped it with the tables and
benches used on the summer playgrounds, and
for three months, under the supervision of a sec-
retary, an average of ninety men a day made use
of the place. It was not open evenings regularly,
but on occasion, smokers were held at which a
speaker talked on a subject of interest.

The next year, 1933, the club branched out and
was named the Hobby Club. The second floor of
a large building formerly used as a dress factory
was secured, and in addition to the games and
reading room a work shop was set up with fine
wood working machinery, hand tools, and a pot-
ter's wheel. Here those who cared to were able
to make or repair articles either for profit or to
be taken home.

Last year the club did not open until February
first as our factory had been
rented and it was difficult to
secure suitable quarters with-
in the limit of our funds. We
discovered that the Transient
Division of the TERA was
also looking for headquart-
ers, and arrangements were
made with this Federal group
for the use of the entire floor
jf an unused school building
they were renting. In return
the Outing Club repaired and cleaned up the
premises for both organizations.

The place was well adapted to our purposes.
One room was used as the reading and games
room ; another as the shop ; a third, set aside for
boxing, wrestling and physical education, was
equipped with a regulation ring. In the fourth
room rehearsals for the weekly entertainment
were held and scenery and props built and painted.
A very wide hall was converted into a theatre by
putting in a movable stage and seats each Friday
for the minstrel shows and entertainments put on
by the men themselves. On these occasions men
might bring their wives.

The personnel of the club consisted of one gen-
eral supervisor especially in charge of the enter-
tainments who served in the Red Cross during
the war and has been on the stage for many years ;
two manual training teachers for the shop ; three
secretaries, working in shifts, who kept the read-
ing room open seven days a week from 9 in the
morning until 10 at night, and an athletics director,

One of the outstanding activities
of the Outing Club of Glens Falls,
which for years has conducted a
broad recreational program, is the
Hobby Club for Unemployed Men
operated for the past four years.
The story of the development of
this club is an interesting one.

working on part time. All men participating in
the regular Saturday night boxing bouts and
wrestling matches were given a rigid physical ex-
amination by one of the local physicians who very
kindly donated his services.

In addition to these activities there were a num-
ber of interesting speakers, among them. Father
Daniel R. Burns, Chaplain of Great Meadow
Prison and George H. Cless, Jr., Secretary of the
Glens Falls Chamber of Commerce. Instruction
in first aid and artificial respiration was given by
Major George F. Heustis and A. P. Newkirk,
Boy Scout Executive, assisted by a group of
Scouts.

During the four months and a half the club
was open last winter, the shop alone was used by
1089 men who turned out the following articles:
mahogany library tables, office tables, card tables,
soft wood kitchen tables. Queen Anne stands,
smoking stands, davenport
stands, bed side stands, wash
stands, magazine racks, hall
trees, children's chairs, cup-
boards, floor and table lamps,
candlesticks, medicine cabi-
nets, cigarette cabinets, book
ends, clothes racks, ironing
boards, shipping crates, bird
cages, bird houses, a row
boat and various toys and
puzzles. These articles were
made in the main from old wood — the head boards
of old black walnut beds, discarded oak dining
room tables, rough lumber from packing boxes
and three ply wood carefully saved from big
cases.

Approximately two hundred new articles were
made and finished by the men for profit or for
their homes but in addition there was a wide
variety of articles brought in for repairs such as
chairs, clocks, radios and musical instruments. A
few did sign painting. Moreover, the men were
very glad to give their time making and repairing
equipment for the Recreation Department. Scen-
ery and props were made for the Outing Club's
Little Theatre group. All the toboggans were re-
paired and refinished. Twenty sets of paddle ten-
nis were turned out. LaCrosse goals were built
and regulation bases for all of our hard and soft
ball diamonds were made at a cost not greatly ex-
ceeding the cost of two high priced sets we might
purchase from sporting goods houses. To stitch
(Continued on page 43)

The Successful Nature-Garden Club

IN CONSIDERING factofs that lead
to club success the counselor
or club leader may well turn the spotlight of
critical examination upon himself. If you are
a nature-garden club counselor, what are the
qualities which you should have in order to be
a successful club leader? Imagination, initia-
tive, and enthusiasm are some of them. More-
over, as counselor and leader you must be able
to kindle those qualities in the members of your
club also. The nature-garden club leader must
be able to see life through the eyes of boys and
girls. He must be able to guide without push-
ing, to sugar-coat learning with the spirit of
play. He must have a rich store of garden and
nature lore and must, at a moment's notice, be
able to find answers to countless questions. If
you are looking for something easy to sponsor,
it is suggested that you do not become coun-
selor of a nature-garden club !

Planning Ahead

Another factor is the one of goals. Has your
club definite aims in planning its activities?
Many clubs run along from week to week in a
hit-or-miss manner and the counselor wonders
why they are not successful. Think about this
— does each meeting, each program, bring
some definite end nearer to realization? In
planning club activities many interests should
be cared for and programs must be varied.
Plan to avoid monotony, plan with the inter-
ests of everyone in mind — but keep on looking
ahead.

At the beginning of
each year a considerable
amount of time should be
spent in general thought
and discussion. The plans
for the coming season
should be considered care-
fully. It may be possible
that the club has under
way a project which ex-
tends over a period of
years — if so, what shall

By Karl H. Blanch

be done this year toward bring-
ing the project nearer to com-
pletion? A certain school has seen a school park
evolve during a period of five years. Where
once was a tract of wasteland, brush has been
cut out and trees, shrubbery, and flowers plan-
ted instead. Paths, lined with stones, have
been made, leading around thickets in which
birds build their nests. A stone amphitheatre
has been built among the trees. This project is
the result of planning — of planning with vision.
In addition to major projects like this one
there are many smaller and less elaborate ones
which caji be completed in a single season ;
your local situation will suggest many possi-
bilities. In considering, however, the selection
of a project several things must be thought of.
Has the project any real value? Does it con-
tribute anything of worth to the pupil's per-
sonal welfare or to the welfare of the school
or community? At the club's present stage of
development is it possible that the contem-
plated project may be too ambitious a one?
Can it be financed adequately? Here is one
place where a need for thoughtful planning
can be seen. Supplementing group projects a
number may be worked out by individuals;
gardens are a good example of these. Plan to
do many things — interest is aroused and main-
tained only through activity — but whatever
your club does, see to it that it has been well
planned first.

In a bulletin, "The Successful Nature-Garden
Club" issued by the School Garden Asso-
ciation of America, Mr. Blanch, who is
chairman of the Committee on Nature-Gar-
den Clubs of the Association, outlines the
organization of clubs for the upper grades
and high schools, the elementary school and
the rural school. We are presenting here
material from the suggestions for clubs in
the upper grades and high schools. Anyone
wishing to communicate with Mr. Blanch
may address him at the High School, East
Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania.

Meetings

Well-planned projects
make the traditional type
of club meeting a very
subordinate activity. Re-
gular meetings, however,
should not be neglected.
They serve to emphasize
the "organization" idea ;
boys and girls like to feel
that they belong to some-
thing that holds meetings
just like grown-up groups.

THE SUCCESSFUL NATURE-GARDEN CLUB

Now fha+ Spri
ready to begin

But just what is to be done
during these meetings is a
problem.

Every well-organize(i
chib has a program com-
mittee. The important duty
of this committee is to plan
the program for club meet-
ings. As counselor, be care-
ful that you do not dom-
inate the work of this
committee — stand aside
and give guidance and help
onl}' when necessary. Start-
ing with the idea that all
programs should contribute,
directly or indirectly, to the
progress of the club toward
one or more of its major
goals the committee should
attempt to discover the
interests and abilities of
every member so that all
may share in the year's
programs. The committee
should not permit a few
members to do all the work ;
it is so easy to let the outstanding pupils
monopolize programs ! Keep looking for hidden
ability and talent ; school clubs are the incuba-
tors for the development of these.

As a usual thing the business portion of the
meeting should be brief. It likewise should be
kept strictly formal. The play-way has no
place in Parliamentary procedure. The in-
formal part of the program should follow the
business session. Have you been wondering
why the boys and girls in your clu-b don't seem
to be interested in meetings? Check up a little.
Have most of the programs been made up of
badly-read papers dealing with miscellaneous
subjects, the material for which has been
.copied, word-for-word, from an encyclopedia
or other reference book? This is common club-
meeting procedure. Put yourself in the place
of the pupil who has to hsten to this type of
program-then stop wondering about the lack
of interest ! Enliven the programs, making of
them something vital and living instead of
something that is dead and static. If the meet-
ing has not been planned so that most of the
time will be spent in working on either group
or individual projects, chose one topic and plan

ng has arrived he's
work on his garden!

TCIT^HB the program around it.
^ I ^^^ Have members give short
talks based, if possible,
upon their own experiences.
Include a few musical num-
bers on the program. Save
some time for general dis-
cussion of the topic for the
day. Always have a novelty
of some kind to end the
meeting — a contest, a game
or something of similar na-
ture. Make frequent use of
motion pictures, lantern
slides, exhibits of collec-
tions, and guest speakers.

Have you ever really
considered the potential
program possibilities in
your community? Perhaps
the mailman may be an
enthusiastic amateur taxi-
dermist; why doesn't the
chairman of the program
committee invite him to
talk to the club about
animals? That man in the
next block who has that fine vegetable garden,
the woman whose home across the street is
always filled with beautiful plants during the
winter months — how about them? A local
florist, the man who keeps the pet shop, the
manager of a fish hatchery, the district forester
— all these are sources of interesting program
material. Have you ever exchanged pupil-
speakers with another similar club in your own
school or in a school in a neighboring town?
Has your club ever invited another group to
exchange entire programs? Here there is an
excellent opportunity to do something both
worth while and interesting.

When should club meetings be held? The
best time of all is during a period set aside for
activities of this kind during the regular school
day. This period should, preferably, be the last
one of the day so that clubs may, if desired,
meet for longer than one period. This is espe-
cially desirable in the case of nature-garden
clubs which are often working on out-door
projects at a distance from the school. If no
regular time for meetings is provided during
the school day, the next best time is after
school. As a rule, evening meetings should not

THE SUCCESSFUL NATURE-GARDEN CLUB

be held except in cases where there are very
real reasons for meetings at this time. If several
clubs working with diflferent activities are to
meet together, if guest speakers are unable to
be present during the daytime, if motion pic-
tures can be shown only after dark — these are
good reasons for evening meetings. Once in a
while an open meeting should be planned and
the public invited. Plan this meeting to show
in some striking way something of the work
of the club. Don't hold meetings too often —
once every two weeks is often enough — even
one a month if a sufficient number of "get to-
gether" meetings of activity groups are held
and members, as individuals or groups, work
on projects as they can find time.

Evening hikes are popular with nature-
garden clubs but they have little real worth
and are difficult to supervise properly. Far bet-
ter is the early morning hike. Have a com-
mittee plan where to go and why, then arrange
for the club to meet at a definite place and time.
Leave promptly. An hour or two of brisk walk-
ing through the woods in spring or autumn,
breakfast cooked over an open fire after the
destination has been reached, return to school
with just time enough for a shower before
classes begin — this is one way to make the rest
of the school envious of the nature-garden
club!

Activity Groups
It is a good plan to divide a large club into
several smaller groups, each of which is inter-
ested in some particular activity. There is no
objection to a member's belonging to several
of these groups. This is a much better plan
than that of having several nature-garden clubs
in the same school. Each activity group should
be under the informal direction of a pupil
leader, chosen from among those members who
show outstanding qualities
of leadership and interest.
Activity groups do not
bother with regular meet-
ings unless they are neces-
sary to make plans, to dis-
cuss projects, or to study
some special phase of their
work. Each group should
take the lead in planning
one or more of the regular
meetings of the entire club,

"The desire to work among plants In any
manner is always to be encouraged. It
fosters a love of the beautiful, an ap-
preciation of growing things, gentleness
and kindness, responsibility and faithful-
ness to duty. And besides developing
these desirable attributes, it occupies
spare hours satisfactorily and trains
bodies In a . healthful, wholesome way.
So give children a garden though It's
only the size of a pocket handkerchief!"
— From Home Education.

working with the club program committee.
Often a teacher will be found who is interested
in a special nature-garden activity and who will
be glad to work with this group as a co-coun-
selor. It has just been said that one of these
groups may wish to spend some time in study.
An excellent plan — pupils plan to study be-
cause they themselves see the need for ac-
quiring more information concerning their
work ! But don't attempt to make a class of this
study hour — here, if ever, the spirit of purpose-
ful play should prevail and the study hour
should be informal in nature.

Club Libraries

Has your club a library? If your members
have access to a public or school library, if
your school is progressive and large enough
to have a special general club library — fine!
But have a nature-garden club library anyway.
A closet, or a cupboard in the corner of a class-
room will provide sufficient space. Choose a'
librarian and an assistant from the club's mem-
bership and put them in charge of all books,
magazines, pictures, clippings, etc., belonging
to the club. If there are several clubs with a
nature study interest in your school, or if
there are a number of activity groups within
the one club the library should be a joint pro-
ject. Providing material for the library should
be a continuous club activity — it will be sur-
prising to note how the collection of pictures
and clippings grows and how many magazines
are being donated. It might well be said here
that provision should be made in the budget
of every nature-garden club for subscriptions
to several magazines dealing with nature study
and gardening activities. In the nature study
field money spent for magazines is a far better
investment than is a similar sum spent for
books. Leading magazine articles should be
listed on file cards and the
cards indexed according to
the chief activities of the
club. Clippings and pictures
should be kept in large
envelopes and the envelopes
filed alphabetically. A spe-
cial list of books an'3 maga-
zines available in the school
library should be prepared
and posted. Librarians
should be on duty for a

THE SUCCESSFUL NATURE-GARDEN CLUB

few moments before and after school each day ;
club members and counselors should be per-
mitted to take out material in accordance with
some established regulations.

Service

How may your club be of service? Within
the school it should cooperate with other clubs
in the general activity program. Again, it may
be possible that a unit of the work of a biology
or general science class may be devoted to
either study or projects relating to nature. Here
club members should act as leaders, both in
discussion and in the working-out of projects.
In the community the constant aim of the
club should be to spread the desire to be inter-
ested in nature study and gardening activities.
Much can be done to make a community
"nature conscious" through exhibits. These ex-
hibits should be seasonable. An exhibit of
garden posters, seed collections, clippings, and
folders dealing with flower and vegetable cul-
ture would be very appropriate for the early
spring months and would help to create a com-
munity interest in gardening; a mid-winter
flower and potted plant show would help to
encourage window-gardening in the com-
munity. A shade tree census might lead to a
community program of street and roadside
beautification. Cooperate with the local news-
papers and the local public library and they
will cooperate with you.

National Organizations

Is your club a member of the national or-
ganizations in the nature study field? If not,
much that is worthwhile is being missed.
These groups specialize in giving help to clubs
and club counselors. The National Association
of Audubon Societies, in the field of bird study
and animal conservation ; the Wild Flower
Preservation Society, in the field of wild flower
conservation ; and the Junior Garden Clubs of
America, in the field of gardens for juniors —
all these are outstanding national organizations
which will welcome a local chapter in your
school. The School Garden Association of
America is interested in a broad program of
nature study and gardening activities in boys'
and girls' clubs; all nature and garden clubs,
no matter what their special interest may be,
should register with this association. The fee

for affiliation with any or all of these national
groups is nominal and brings back big returns
in the form of help and service.

Club Finances
Last of all to be considered, but important
nevertheless, is the manner in which your club
finances its activities. There is no doubt but
that some money is necessary with which to
work; just how much and where it is to come
from is the real problem. To begin with, a
budget should be made up at the time the
year's activities are being planned. The amount
of money necessary for carrying out the year's
work should be estimated and possible
sources of funds considered. The usual way of
securing money for club activities is through
dues paid by members. There is some value in
having dues — they at least serve to keep out
the "drifters" — those pupils who have no real
interest but who are always on hand when
something extra-special is being planned. Have
dues, but keep them low. Better have low dues
that can be collected than high ones that can't!
There are other — and better — ways to raise
money. Borrow the school movie machine and
run a show, charge a small admission fee to an
exhibit, put on a nature play or operetta, or
plant bulbs during the winter months and sell
flowers in the spring.

The School Garden Association of America
whose address is 121 East Fifty-first Street, New
York City, has issued a second bulletin prepared
by Mr. Blanch entitled "Home Room Gardeners
— a Garden Club for Indoors." In it Mr. Blanch
outlines a program of activities in which the lower
grades, in particular, naay participate through
"doing" groups of Gardeners. He makes practical
suggestions regarding the best plants to choose
for an indoor garden, their location, planting and
care. "Home Room Gardeners," he says, "in ad-
dition to the more or less routine work outlined,
may carry out other activities and projects. In a
large school a room should be set aside for nature-
garden club use. Here the Gardeners may store
supplies, pot bulbs, start seedlings, and carry on
similar work. Extra plants for emergencies can
be grown here. A flowering plant, school grown,
sent to a pupil or teacher absent from school be-
cause of prolonged illness is a very welcome gift
indeed."

April Showers

THE INVITATIONS to this party may be written
on brightly colored paper, or pale blue paper
may be used with a rainbow painted or pasted
on it and a boy and a girl in slickers under an
umbrella.

On a sheet of cardboard draw a large open
umbrella and underneath it write "Come in out
of the rain and enjoy our April Showers."

Use a variety of colors for the decorations.
Form a big rainbow out of crepe paper or cheese
cloth at one end of the hall and over this draw a
bit of white gauze to blend the colors. String
crepe paper garlands in rainbow colors about the
room. Festoons hanging from doors and curtains
make an effective background. Colored balloons
suspended from the ceiling will add to the beauty
and atmosphere. Gaily colored paper hats may
be provided for the guests, or rainbow paper head-
bands for the girls and belts or sashes for the
boys. Or each guest may be asked to bring
umbrellas and wear slickers or raincoats.

Program
Slicker Wise-CrackIng Contest

Give each guest as he arrives three yards of
plain wrapping paper, scissors, crayons, and pins.
Allow fifteen minutes to see who can create the
cleverest slicker. Have a slicker parade with
judges to vote on merits of the decorative efforts.

Colored Clothing Contest

On the invitation the guests may be asked to
wear as many different colors as possible, such as
a green sock and a blue sock ; a purple shirt and a
red necktie. Award a prize to the person wearing
the. most colors.

down and back again without allowing her feet to
touch the floor as the boys try to keep a news-
paper in front of her all of the time. First couple
to finish first wins. If one of the girls steps on
the floor instead of the newspapers, she and her
partner must either drop out of the race or begin
again.

A Rainy Day Race

Several couples are needed for this race. They
stand in line with a closed satchel and an umbrella
in front of each couple. In each satchel are a
pair of rubbers, a pair of gloves and a raincoat or
cloak. At the signal to start each young man grabs
his satchel, and hand in hand he and his partner
rush to the opposite goal where he opens the
satchel, hands his partner her rubbers, which she
puts on, holds her coat for her while she gets into
it, closes the satchel, raises the umbrella, and,
holding the umbrella over her with one hand and
carrying the satchel with the other, runs with her
back to the starting point. He then closes up the
umbrella, opens the satchel, helps his partner out
of her coat, takes the gloves and rubbers as she
drops them, and puts them all in the satchel, clos-
ing it up. The couple to finish first wins.

Stepping Stones

Select six or eight persons to compete in this
race. Each contestant is supplied with two little
squares of wood or cardboard just big enough for
one foot to go on. These squares are pushed
along, one at a time, the player standing balanced
on one foot while he thrusts the stone (the wood
or cardboard) forward with the other. Anyone
touching the floor with either foot must go back
to the starting point and begin again.

Sir Walter's Cloak

Select a half dozen couples.
The boys will be Sir Walter
Raleigh and the girls Queen
Elizabeth. Give to each boy two
newspapers for a cloak and lay
out a course from one end of the
room down and back again. Line
up the couples and give the start-
ing signal. Each girl tries to go

This party is one of a series of
broadcasts on the subject of
social recreation by the Down
Town Branch of the Y.M.C.A.
of Pittsburgh over station
KDKA. The material for these
broadcasts is prepared by W. T.
Rowe and T. R. Alexander, and
is issued under the caption
"Recreo Bulletins."

In the Pond, On the Bank

Draw a chalk line down the
middle of the room or stretch a
tape along the floor. Designate
the space on one side of this line
as "the pond" ; on the other side
"the bank." Line the players up
on the bank and then start giving
orders. When the leaders says :
(Continued on page 43)

On the

Wild Flower

Trail

Courtesy Ft. Worth, Texas, Park Detartment

WITH THE I'lRST l)reath of spring there is an
incentive to be out in the open. A recrea-
tional activity that may be engaged in
almost as soon as the snow has gone, and which
lasts until late fall, is the collecting of wild flow-
ers, and their artistic arrangement in an her-
barium. This collection may be assembled in a
single summer, or it may be added to from one
season to the next as long as the interest holds.
And interest is likely to last for there is a genu-
ine thrill in arriving unexpectedly upon a patch
of cardinal flowers in all their brilliance, in mak-
ing the acquaintance not only of the common way-
side plants, but also of those hidden in the depths
of the woods, of the delicate flowers growing by
the rim of the lake and of the more hardy varie-
ties trailing over the mountainside.

A part of the delight of flower collecting is that
it holds so many surprises for its followers. What
appears to be an insignificant bloom turns out to
be a plant of interest, as in the case of the sun-
dew. The sundew, a bog plant growing from four
to nine inches high, actually catches insects and
devours them. The sundew's hairy leaves are
coated with a fluid which attracts the insect. The
tiny red filaments of the leaves curl about the in-
sect thus captured and gradually the plant absorbs
its prey.

You will need an inexpensive flower guide to
identify the specimens. When you have found a
number of different flowers the pleasure of dis-
covery will be two-fold if the next step is con-
sulting the guide and learning the common Ameri-
can names for the newly-found specimens.

By Sara H. Carleton

Cambridge, Massachusetts

The Herbarium

For the herbarium use a large book of manilla
paper with a heavy cover. A loose leaf book is
preferable. Decorating the cover will add to the
attractiveness of the collection. The flowers
should be pressed between newspapers. The
newspapers are laid between large sheets of blot-
ting paper which are covered with a wooden lat-
ticework made of strips of wood about three-
quarters of an inch thick and an inch wide.
Weights are placed on top. For the majority of
smaller flowers satisfactory work can be done
with the newspapers and weights alone. The blot-
ting paper is used as a drier and is sometimes
changed from day to day.

After an interval, when the flowers have been
pressed, they are ready for mounting. Arrange
them on a page of the herbarium and attach by
means of very narrow strips of court plaster, one
or two strips across the stem, and others across
the leaves, as many as the specimens seem to re-
quire. A more expert mounting is achieved by
gluing the specimens with a tin paste, the kind
that is employed in factories for pasting labels on
tin cans, in addition to using strips of court plas-
ter. A very large flower will cover an entire page,
but four or five specimens of smaller plants may
be grouped on a single page in whatever arrange-
ment satisfies the collector. There is an artistic
value in the grouping of flowers, an ability that

ON THE WILD FLOWER TRAIL

grows as the herbarium maker becomes skilled in
this practice.

The sweet-scented arbutus makes an attractive
specimen with its fan-like spread and its dainty
pink blossoms which preserve their natural color
especially well. Some of the least pretentious
plants make very beautiful specimens in the her-
barium. The rough bedstraw when mounted
makes a pattern of delicate tracery with its whorls
of leaves and many tiny blossoms in clusters that
add to the intricacies of the design. The hogweed,
scorned habitant of back yards, is an admirable
specimen for a collection with its fern-like leaves.
Some plants have; leaves of a dark green that are
a silver white on the backs. A pleasing efifect is
accomplished by turning some of these leaves on
their wrong sides when arranging the mount, thus
bringing out the contrasting shades of silver white
and deep green. There are many tricks of the trade
that the flower collector will pick up as he adds
to his herbarium. The amateur is likely to over-
look the importance of roots. Many of the trail-
ing and vine-like plants have roots that not only
add to the grace of the mount, but are equally in-
teresting from the botanical point of view.

The collector will want to print beside each
flower the common name, the date on which it
was found and the place where he found it. So
much data will give a personal note to his collec-
tion. If he wishes he may include also the name
of the flower family which he will find in the
guide.

In general the mounted specimens will preserve
their natural colors for a considerable number of
years. Some colors will endure longer than others.
The waxy white Indian pipes, after a passage of
time, turn a solid black until they are silhouettes
of their former glory. In one collection a speci-
men of blue vetch, which was added to the her-
barium in 19 1 3, is nearly as colorful today as at
the time of its mounting.

A woman living in Maine collected over four
hundred different wild flowers in a single sum-
mer. She reports that her two most exciting
flower "finds" were a species of greenish white
trillium or wake robin known to be rare, and the
discovery of a field of purple loosestrife, a flower
not supposed to flourish in Maine although it is
prevalent in Massachusetts. While driving over
an out-of-the-way country road, the brilliance of
the loosestrife growing in a field where there was
a windmill close by a farmhouse lured the flower
collector from her car. Massachusetts friends had

sent her specimens of the purple loosestrife so
she was well acquainted with the plant, although
scarcely able to believe that she was seeing before
her a sea of flowers that were foreign to that part
of New England.

The earliest spring flower is the skunk cabbage
that makes its debut when March gales are still
blowing. In April anemones and trailing arbutus
are found in the woods. By May there are many
newcomers — pussytoes, columbine, Jack-in-the-
pulpits, violets and others. The collector is able
to have work on his herbarium well under way by
the middle of summer, June, July and August are
the months of greatest activity for the collector,
but even in September there are flowers waiting
for the place in the herbarium. Among the late
flowers are the lilies, foxgloves, goldenrod and
asters.

Don't Overlook the Back Yard!
Automobiles have paved the way for getting
into the country, but cars are not essential to city
residents who are lovers of wild flowers. There
are parks and reservations where there are flow-
ers. Even in suburban back yards there are plants
worthy of attention. The commonest plants are
often overlooked. They are little known by the
average man, who, if he considers them at all, does
not recognize them as more than passing acquain-
tances. Yet no herbarium that aims at a general
survey of all sorts of flowers is complete without
them. The sorrel, the cinquefoil, the stitchwort,
the ground ivy, the diminutive speedwell and the
shepherd's purse are a few of these plants. The
amateur who has been familiar with only the red
clover of the field and back yard species, will soon
discover that the red field clover has a number of
cousins worthy of his acquaintance, ranging all
the way from the cinnamon colored rabbit-foot
clover to the sweet white clover common to the
grassy roadsides.

The collector who is t)f an aesthetic rather than
a scientific turn of mind may choose to include in
his collection only those flowers that appear to
him as the most attractive because of their color
or graceful outline. From time to time he may
run across quotations describing the various flow-
ers in his collection which may be copied beside
his specimens on their appropriate pages. Wil-
liam Cullen Bryant wrote:
" — Within the woods

Whose young and half transparent leaves scarce cast

A shade, gay circles of anenomes

Danced on their stalks."

(Continued on page 44)

Planning for Recreation

IT WOULD be difficult to add
materially to the already
long list of recreational possibilities and lei-
sure-time activities. A recent pamphlet* typical
of its kind, suggests as many as five thousand
things to be done, to be made, to be required,
or to be learned. Courses, lectures, booklets,
discussions and debates are growing day by
day.

Since recreation is an old human problem,
changing only relatively with the times, it is
worth while to discover its characteristics.

Recreation may stand for restoration, rehab-
ilitation, reconstruction, rejuvenation, regen-
eration, relaxation, reeducation, growth and
many other such processes expressing the
potentiality of man to regain strength after
fatigue, courage after distress, play after work
and similar functions. Recreation must be
taken as a part of human life. Let us under-
stand it as a normal need just as is food or
water, sunshine or sleep. Recreation is a uni-
versal phenomenon found in animal, plant and
man as recovery and restoration as well as an
expression of the will to live.

When planning ways and means of recrea-
tion, distinction must be made as to the inter-
ests and inclination of adults and children, as
well as to their needs.

Recreation for the Adult

From a study of nearly a thousand adults
three psychological and sociological factors
seem to me most vital :

(i) Every human being
wishes at times to be alone,
to relax in order to recover.
This means finding oneself,
one's own meaning and im-
portance in life.

(2) If this wish is grati-
fied, a normal desire drives
the individual to seek com-
pany, to exchange ideas, to
play and work with others,

By Isaac M. Altaraz, Ph.D.

Dr. Al+araz, who has had long experience
as an educator, in 1927 founded the Al-
taraz School for Character Training at
Monterey, Massachusetts. Since that
date he has served as resident director
and psychologist at the school which has
as its purpose the solving of personality
problems and the discovery of practical
methods for reeducation and guidance.
During 1934, as visiting lecturer in the
Division of General Education at New
York University, Dr. Altaraz gave a
:ourse of lectures on Creative Life.

to get approval, to express
feelings ■ — in short, to
satisfy the element of social contact.

(3) As a third factor we have the desire
of the human being to come in contact with
nature.

Since we are all different and each of us has
a different rhythm of living, recreation will be
individual and varied. Some people are condi-
tioned to air, others to sun, still others to
music. We may then speak of helio-tropic,
aero-tropic, amoro-tropic, money-tropic, jazzo-
tropic, movie-tropic, radio-tropic people. The
recreative means, accordingly, will be different.
Recognizing, then, these three sources of
recreational life, how is it possible, practically,
to meet the needs which arise?

Recreation in Solitude. To become acquainted
with oneself is "easier said than done." In one-
self are the many desires, dreams, wishes,
aspirations, hopes, worries, tragedies and
comedies that make man. Standing at Times
Square when the Babylonian mob moves north
and south, one may well say, "Who am I?"
But sitting in an easy chair in a cozy room, re-
laxed and surrourrded with familiar posses-
sions, one will feel "so big."

Work As Recreation. Some individuals find
recreation by a change in activity, going
smoothly from one interest to another and
never tiring. Recent studies of fatigue have
proven that the old state of being tired at the
end of the day is more of an habitual emotional
one; that every one of us
gets another "break" when
we have finished with our
work, so that we can start
to create again and do
something just when we
begin to say to ourselves
that we have done our
share.

Social Contact. Man's
social contacts, either in

' Care and Ferdiiig of Hobby Hortis.
E. E. Calkins.

PLANNING FOR RECREATION

work or play, need planning and cultivation if
they are to be sources of vital and humanized
recreation. In this field great progress has re-
cently been made in the cities through courses,
lectures, forums and gatherings for intelligent
recreation ; through work shops in the arts and
crafts for artistic and creative recreation, and
through inspirational centers for spiritual
recreation.

The Place of Work and the Place You Live In.

Work should be our greatest blessing. Do you
love the work you are doing and are you en-
gaged in the pursuit of some activity that
utilizes all your energies? Is the house you
live in a tower full of
strangers who are trying
to avoid one another by
locking themselves in
boxes called rooms and
apartments? If you feel
this is true, you will
derive no recreation or
happiness from your
dwelling.

How entire cities can
be humanized is a tre-
mendous problem. The
TVA movement may be
one way. Benton Mac-
Kaye in his phenomenal
work, The New Explora-
tion has written a book
of revelation which is a
source of wisdom. As an
engineer he has shown

a remarkable way to transform the "wilderness
of civilization" into an "indigenous environ-
ment," mechanized life into cultural growth,
existence into real living, and a gigantic met-
ropolis into a regional city.

Nature. Mother Nature will always remain
the greatest source of human recreation. For
genuine recreation city folks should join clubs
and organizations whose purpose it is to hike,
to explore, and to encourage simple ways of
spending time in the open. For families and
small children, parks and playgrounds in the
cities supply some opportunitites to spend every
possible moment among trees and plants, giv-
ing the children their opportunity to saturate
themselves with life-giving natural forces. Mu-
seums are sponsoring garden clubs, the care

of flowers and animals, the planting of trees
and other projects. The movement known as
the small garden projects offers city dwellers
an excellent opportunity to return to nature.

The whole problem of planning recreation
for adults is a difficult one because formerly
education was not concerned with the develop-
ment of individual interests and hobbies.

Recreation for the Child

The new education encourages free play and
utilizes surplus energies in constructive ways.
In the school I conduct the basic idea is to
start the building of character from the play-

Courtcsy Chicago South Park Commissioners

A boy's desire to make things nnay be a de-
ternnining factor in his choice of vocation

ful tendence of each individual child, from his
inner likes, dormant gifts and genuine and
natural aptitudes.

A boy of fourteen who would at every oc-
casion sneak away and disturb the peace even
of the early hours by his hammering was found
building a house on top of a tree in the near-
by woods just to satisfy his longing for build-
ing. This hobby of his was encouraged. Extra
time was given him for shop work, and now
at twenty he is a fine craftsman and self-sup-
porting. Another young pupil who loves and
really understands animals — and they know it,
too — spent his free time in the barn with cows
(Continued on page 44)

A Successful Bird Club

LAST September the Brooks Bird
^ Club with headquarters at
Oglebay Park, Wheeling,
West Virginia, celebrated its sec-
ond birthday, a healthy and sturdy young child !

The bird club is only one of the nature activi-
ties of Oglebay Park Institute which since iq28
has included in its program a rather extensive
nature study schedule. Public field trips have been
held in the park since July 1928, and somewhat to
the surprise of those who have engineered the In-
stitute program since its inception these field trips
have had a weekly attendance average since their
beginning of 115 people who meet every Sunday
in the spring, summer and fall at seven o'clock.
Under the leadership of A. B. Brooks, park nat-
uralist, they then hike over approximately two
miles of the park's trail system which is about ten
miles in length. Mr. Brooks is a keen observer
and student of bird life, and in addition to his
public hike schedule has served as a leader of the
annual nature training school affording intensive
work for three weeks or longer early each summer.

It is not surprising that with such opportuni-
ties for cultivating outdoor hobbies at their very
doorsteps, a number of Wheeling district people
should have displayed more than ordinary inter-
est in various phases of nature study, including
the study of wild birds which abound in the 750-
acre natural park where the walks are held and
which is headquarters for
the annual Nature Train-
ing School.

In September of 1932 a
dozen individuals especial-
ly interested in birds de-
cided to organize a bird
club — the club to be part
of the West Virginia Na-
ture Association, Inc., the
official sponsor of all
nature study activities of
Oglebay Institute. For a
month or two the organi-
zation floundered about.

By J. W. Handlan

Oglebay Institute
Wheeling, West Virginia

RECIPE FOR A SUCCESSFUL BIRD CLUB

"Secure a competent naturalist who will
conduct public nature study trips until a num-
ber of those regularly attending them acquire
the desire to know more about birds.

"Stir in a copy or two of Dr. F. M. Chap-
man's Handbook, or the Handbook by
Florence M. Bailey, if the dish is prepared
West of the Mississippi River.

"Add a program of regular meetings in
which members take part rather than visiting
experts. Include a regular schedule of field
trips limited to members.

"Simmer, permit interest to crystallize — and
there's your Bird Club!"

Then it hit upon the simple ex-
pedient of planning its activities a
year in advance.

An executive committee decided
upon subjects to be studied at each meeting. It
listed the names of club members alphabetically
and assigned three people to each meeting to re-
port upon assigned subjects. The committee — all
amateurs — were fortunate enough to have had
two to four years of study in connection with the
Park hikes or the Nature Training Schools. In
other words they had become humbly aware that
they knew little or nothing about ornithology!

But books were available and the entire first
year's program of the club — the presentation of
three ten-minute papers at each meeting by mem-
bers of the organization — consisted virtually in
reviewing the literature locally available upon each
subject assigned.

In the second year the program was slightly
varied. One major paper was assigned for each
meeting. Two shorter papers were assigned with
the subjects optional with those who were to pre-
sent them.

This summer all club members are working
upon self-assigned "projects" in local bird study,
and beginning in September, most of the papers
to be presented at the monthly meetings of the
club will be original in nature.

Throughout the duration of the club's life "club
field trips" have been held.
Each Sunday morning in
April and May, for ex-
ample, the group meets at
5 A. M. at Oglebay Park.
\1 ore experienced mem-
bers serve as leaders for
two to three less experi-
enced bird students. A two
hour field trip is the
schedule of each of these
small parties and, as a re-
sult, bird identification in
the field is no longer a
(Continued on page 45)

A State Experiment in Rural Recreation

A BEAUTIFULLY clcar summer's day in the midst
of the White Mountains. Onto the lawn in
front of a big hotel there come early Ameri-
can Indians with their colorful headdresses and
regalia, while nearby an orchestra plays strains
from MacDowell's Indian music. Tracing the
progress of light as represented in education and
culture these groups from Hillsboro and Cheshire
counties show to the audience of three hundred
gathered to watch them what the development has
been through church, school and home. Square
dancing to the tune of a melodeon and fiddles
played an important part in the early days of the
state, and the present day was demonstrated in a
tableau of arts and sciences which included agri-
culture and home-making as well as literature,
music and painting.

This pageant was the result of the leadership
of the recreation advisors in Hillsboro and
Cheshire counties.

Another day — equally fair — and the same ma-
jestic setting. In the foreground tiny children
dressed in pure white costumes dance gracefully
to piano and violin music, while in the back-
ground wood-choppers bring in the trees used for
various kinds of wood-carving. Two other groups
of girls, costumed like English peasants, advance
to the green to one of the old English procession-
als, and then go into a circle dance which has been
handed down from the Druids and represents
their worship of the trees. There follows a puppet
show which gives an idea of the modern adapta-
tion of wood-carving — all of
the puppets being made from
wood.

The recreation advisors in
Belknap and Grafton coun-
ties were responsible for this.

A third day — the same set-
ting. As the rock tapper
breaks open the rock, girls
dressed as jewels dance
forth onto the green. As
they hold their poses, a beau-
tiful rendition of the Faust
Jewel Song is given by a
young worrian representing

New Hampshire has an interesting and
unique set-up for its E.R.A. leisure time
program in that although funds are for
the most part provided by the State
E.R.A., the workers are associated with
the Extension Service of the State. Uni-
versity. Miss Ethel Worth, in charge of
the program, is Recreation Specialist in
the State Extension Service. The county
recreation workers, known as recreation
advisors, bear the same relationship to
the Extension Service as do the 4-H Club
leaders and other county workers. At
the request of the Governor the National
Recreation Association helped in organ-
izing the program, initiated in April 1 934

Marguerite. There follows a most dramatic
picture of the iron kettle story in which a young
girl dashes from the block house on horseback to
secure forces against an unexpected Indian at-
tack. So well was this depicted that the entire
audience was held spellbound.

Here the leaders were the recreation advisors
from Merrimack and Sullivan counties.

Again — sheep grazing peacefully in the back-
ground. A small group of women in old-fashioned
costume spin the wool and prepare the flax while
another cards. In the foreground the dyeing takes
place — first the goldenrod or other flowers used,
then the dipping in huge caldrons, then the fin-
ished skeins hung on the racks. Ofif to the other
side a group approaches the loom, singing the
Weaving Song as they come, while from a distance
girls dressed in the colors mentioned in the song,
dance the English Weavers' Dance. The grand
finale is the march of handwoven coverlets — fifty
of them carried by girls in old-fashioned cos-
tumes. With these as a colorful background the
picture is complete.

The Carroll County advisor organized this.
And yet another — the development of pottery
from prehistoric times to the more advanced In-
dian, then early Colonial times. Civil War period
and finally our own modern pottery. Two huge
replicas — one of the Willow plate, and one of a
Wedgewood \^ase — served as background for
separate groups of dances.

Recreation advisors in Rockingham and Straf-
ford counties engineered this.
Results : Several groups
are repeating the whole pag-
eant or scenes from it for
Old Home Day celebrations
or for some special event.

For many it was a real
holiday — they picnicked or
camped along the way up and
back. Some had never seen
that part of New Hampshire
Ijefore and did not realize its
beauty. All had real fun tak-
ing part, and many gained
valuable experience in pag-

A STATE EXPERIMENT IN RURAL RECREATION

eantry, music and dancing,
which will help in their own
communities.

Another scene — this time
in Durham — shows i lo
young leaders between 15
and 25 years of age playing
new and different games on
the playfield, under the di-
rection of a corps of ten
leaders trained tinder the
state recreation advisor in a
four day course. Following
this training these leaders
conducted the play meet for
the Camp Carlisle boys and
girls each afternoon during
their camp. To see three
hundred and fifty girls on
the play field moving from
one game to another with-
out confusion, thus giving
each of these girls an op-
portunity to play eleven dif-
ferent games, was worth
watching ; the boys did like-
wise, two hundred and fifty
strong.

An added feature of the in-
stitute was the formal party held for and by these
young people to make them acquainted with the
etiquette of such an aflfair, including invitation,
receiving line, social dancing, and seeing the girl
home ! Much was learned through this experience.

The scene changes once more to a crowded
lecture hall with the audience a bit drowsy from
listening to many speeches. A ten minute relief
period between periods give opportunity for rec-
reation advisors to lead the group in singing, mo-
tion songs, and coordination stunts.

The curtain has just gone down on the last of
three nights of plays and while the audience waits
for the decision of the judges a jimior symphony
orchestra from a nearby town plays for their
amusement. Everyone is pleased when Sullivan
County with its play "Cloudburst" comes in first,
Rockingham with "Not Quite Such a Goose" sec-
ond, and Carroll with "The Bishop's Candle-
sticks" third. Most of the audience and all of the
casts retire to another room to hear the criticism
given by the judges. A great interest is manifest.
In many cases the county would not have entered
had it not been for the leadership of the recrea-

^■fili

Walter King, eighty-four year old
singing master, who led the sing-
ing school group and sang two solos

tion advisor there. Still an-
other change of scene, and
groups are showing how our
grandparents and great
grandparents had their rec-
reation — an old-fashioned
singing school, led by an 84
year old man, a quilting
party with square dancing
as part of the fun, and
finally an old-fashioned
wedding, with couples who
had been married fifty years
as special guests. The finale
a choir festival of 75 voices,
demonstrated what good
music can be sung with the
right amount of eflfort and
leadership.

These last few events
were the result of the com-
bined efforts of the state
and county advisors.

A type of community
gathering which was tried
out with much success at
Wilton in the Spring proved
equally successful in the fall
in the form of Foliage and
Harvest Festivals. The Monadnock Region As-
sociation called on the Recreation Service to help
in the staging of a dancing and singing pageant in
honor of the fall colors in and around Jaffrey. At
Deerfield a Harvest Festival brought together
school children for folk dancing, choral groups of
adults for songs, and a combination of partici-
pants and audience in community singing. A
number of other towns have conducted similar
festivals.

The communities of New Hamp.shire have re-
sponded with enthusiasm to the suggestion of
community nights. The programs, planned and
conducted by a committee from the community
under the guidance of the county recreation ad-
visor, is participated in by the entire community,
young and old. The activities include community
singing, folk dancing, and group games both
active and passive.

A practical demonstration of community serv-
ice was made in connection with the fairs at
Rochester and Lancaster. Part of the fair grounds
was fenced off and play equipment and leaders
were provided in this space so that mothers could

A STATE EXPERIMENT IN RURAL RECREATION

leave their children to be taken care of while they
attended the fair. In one instance over two hun-
dred children were thus cared for. A second rec-
reational feature of the fair was an exhibit at
Rochester which showed indoor and outdoor play
equipment, and a miniature playground with out-
door fireplaces, swings, tennis and baseball courts
and other facilities. A similar idea was carried out
at the Sullivan County 4-H Fair where not only
a miniature play center was exhibited but also a
splendid hobby exhibit conducted. At Tufton-
boro the entire program was turned over to the
County Advisor who arranged a Mother Goose
Pageant, a program of individual competitive
sports, and a picture demonstration by the Home
Management Specialist.

A five-part program in recreation has been
planned for the 4-H Clubs of the state which in-
cludes games that are adaptable for club meet-
ings, games for the home, music, folk dancing,
and tramping and trailing. Interest is running
especially high for tramping and trailing. This
program suggests various kinds of hikes which
can be taken by the club — Hobo, Point to Point,
etc. ; new ideas for outdoor meals cooked over an
open fire; snowshoe tramping, nature trails, skat-
ing parties and the like. One county held a win-
ter carnival planned by and for the 4-H Club
members, with ski races, snowshoe dashes, speed
skating and the like. At an informal carnival con-
ducted by a local 4-H Club leader, several rural
schools combined and produced some snow model-
ing worthy of mention. Cooking their noonday
meals over an open fire in one corner of the school
yard was a feature they
enjoyed almost as thor-
oughly as the game period
and trail through the
woods in the afternoon.

Constant use is being
made of the three-act play
loan service established
this winter. One hundred
and forty plays donated
by several publishing com-
panies compose a library.
Anyone in the state may
borrow three of these
plays at a time to be kept
for one week. Thus a bet-
ter opportunity is given to
choose the most suitable
play for production. A

play exchange in which each of several towns
produce a play in their own and all of the other
towns in the exchange is being conducted in a
number of the counties.

In order to make this temporary program of
permanent value, community recreation councils
or committees are being formed. The members of
these committees not only represent various lead-
ing organizations, but also have a special recrea-
tional interest in dramatics or music or outdoor
sports or social recreation. These leaders are
urged to attend institutes, to keep in close touch
with the county and state recreation leaders, and
to be informed on any recreational activity of in-
terest to their community. Young people especially
are being included in these committees. Only in
this way can a sound recreation program for rural
communities be established.

A FEW ACCOMPLISHMENTS
A Spring training course for county workers
Ten county institutes attended by 748 vol-
unteers from 125 organizations
A Spring festival

A number of county summer camps for
women, girls, boys and entire families
An extensive life saving program
A four-day camp training course for State
Junior Leaders

A series of five different pageants on arts
and crafts

A state festival — "Good Times in the Old
Times"

Fall training courses in ten counties
A state-wide Winter Sports Club program
An indoor community center program
throughout the state.

One special study made in the Washtenaw
County, Michigan, Rural Recreation Survey, cov-
ered one school and one school district in each of
the twenty county townships. It was found that
the average area of the school grounds was a little
less than a quarter of an acre; that not more than
twenty-five per cent have sufficient space for a
thirty-five foot softball diamond, the only organ-
ized game generally played. There were no facili-
ties for tennis in the country districts and only
very limited facilities for baseball. Less than
15% of the children knew how to swim. Many
communities were without facilities for pic-
nicking.

"What seems to be the great social and recrea-
tional need," says Dr.
Henry S. Curtis, director
of the study, "is some cen-
tral meeting place indoors,
with an auditorium for
movies, lectures and per-
haps preaching on Sunday ;
a gymnasium for dances
and parties; a social room
for neighborhood meetings,
and a swimming pool. Out-
of-doors there should be a
place for tennis and base-
ball, with a garden and
nursery, and at the back,
if possible, a picnic grove.
They are quite as essential
to the rural community as
they are to the school."

Seeing the Northern Rockies on Foot

By Carroll Lane Fenton

TiiiC West — pinnacles of red and brown rock
rising from sage-tufted plains. The West —
snowy mountains and deep valleys dug by
vanished glacial ice and now lined with rich for-
ests of cedars, firs and lodgepole pines. The West :
a world of beauty and primitive romance; of pasts
that stretch back through ages to days when the
earth itself was young.

This world, once inaccessible, was brought to
our reach by railways. For forty years they suf-
ficed, with tallyhos, saddle horses and pack out-
fits to take visitors among peaks and lakes.

Then came the automobile. More flexible than
the railway, it followed the tallyho and crossed
passes once remote. As roads improved, cars im-
proved also, until they promised to invade any
mountain range or valley. They served well —
much too well ! Trains took us and put us down,
to do and explore for ourselves. The automobile
takes us and then sits waiting, ready to hasten us
away. It begs us to glance and hurry on ; to "do"
this range in an afternoon, drive a hundred miles
on for dinner, and skim through another scenic
region tomorrow. Increasing thousands motor
westward — and a few hundreds see the West.

To know the real West, you must travel many
miles of high, narrow trails, where eagle, bighorn
and mountain goat pause to watch you pass. You
must climb ancient ladders cut in rock and look
down into precipitous canyons from the doors of
stone-age huts. You must walk beside glacial
lakes in valleys where moose and caribou pasture.
You must skirt snowfields on the Great Divide,
and at evening come to a cabin of red rocks
perched among twisted pines. There a mountain
woman will give welcome and a cook will pre-
pare you a meal of such size that you never would
dare eat it at home. But you will eat it, and a
large breakfast, too, without a
thought of the knicknacks that are
served to tempt you in hotels.

But where, in the vast distances
of the West, is there country to be
traversed on foot? Where are vil-

lages like those of Switzerland and France, where
Monsieur I'Aubergiste awaits tourists even among
the mountains?

There aren't any, and that is one beauty of the
region. You may walk for a month in the Rockies,
yet never pass through a town. But trails, inns,
food are other matters. For what are national
parks equipped, if not to care for those who walk
as well as the others who ride?

Not all parks, of course, are equally good for
the traveler who wants to hike. No one would see
the Yellowstone on foot unless endowed with
superabundant time and one or two burros to
carry baggage. The Grand Canyon has awe-in-
spiring trails ; but he who would "do" the Canyon
on foot must burden himself with pack mules and
a guide, or must carry a painfully heavy load over
dusty trails where the sun beats down with sub-
tropical heat even in April. The Yosemite is beau-
tiful and cool — but its holiday crowds often sug-
gest those on beaches near New York .

Four Regions Supreme
I doubtless am prejudiced; but four regions
seem to stand supreme among hiking districts of
the West. One is Glacier National Park, with its
neighbor, Waterton Lakes, in Alberta. Another
is Jasper Park, where the hiker must be sup-
ported by horses to do a really thorough job. Next
come the mountains and valleys stretching west-
ward from Banff, a perfect pleasure ground for
those who want to hike from camp to camp with-
out the burden of food and duffle and with relaxa-
tion at fine hotels. Last is Canada's Glacier Park
among the magnificent Selkirks. It has neither
cabin, camp nor hotel — the hiker must bring his
own bedding and tent, be his own guide, camp-
tender, cook. In reward he has wild life, glaciers

Are you going to the Rockies this summer? Let
an experienced traveler tell you how best to
see this world of beauty and primitive romance.

SEEING THE NORTHtKN ROCKIES ON FOOT

Courtesy Carroll Lane Fenton

Let the horses carry the
tents and supplies while
you have the [oy of fol-
lowing the longer trails
through the mountains

and high peaks, with good
trails, yet with that soH-
tude peculiar to a moun-
tainous region untouched
by motor roads.

In American parks the
hiker may find himself
looked down upon. Rang-
ers lead trail parties, it
is true, but tradition says

that a bus or a horse is the proper means of get-
ting about. Canadians are more informal : their
peaks were visited by hikers and climbers long
before good trails were built. No signs warn that
hob-nailed boots are forbidden in dining rooms,
and railroads schedule hiking trips to the more
spectacular valleys. They even sponsor a hiking
club, "Trail Hikers of the Canadian Rockies,"
operating from Banff and Lake Louise, but send-
ing information from the Windsor Station in
Montreal. The club plans four or five day hikes,
transfers baggage during trips, engages glacier
guides and packers, and even supplies alpenstocks.
Costs for this service, food and shelter are a little
more than $6.00 per day. Measure that by an in-
dependent trip, on which you will pay $7.50 for
the glacier guide alone !

The guide's service is required, of course, only
when you plan to cross ice. For the rest, take the
trails alone or in parties of family and friends.
Routes are marked and thoroughly safe; with a
topographic map and some caution you even may
strike out through country where the only trails
are those of game. If you photograph, have a
camera ready : deer, moose, bighorn and moun-
tain goat often pose obligingly.

As you may vary sights and routes, so you may
choose accommodations. You may stop at the best
hotels any national park on this continent offers —
their rates, by the way, are by no means so high
as boastful rumor reports. You may leave them
for simple log cabins in valleys, where moose
waken you in the morning as they clatter down
gravel paths. Go on to more remote tea houses,
hanging between precipices and valleys dug by

^»>***^^**^.-««^

glacial ice. Then return to your neglected car,
visiting the motor camps that line the road through
Kootenany Park. Or put tents, bedding and food
on horses and, leaving them in care of a guide,
lead forth on longer trails through the mountains.

Expenses? They vary also. If you stay strictly
by motor camps they run astonishingly low, for
good food in Canadian towns is cheaper than in
our own Northwest. A more liberal plan yields
greater returns, for many worth-while things lie
beyond reach of daily hikes from the camps. Al-
low stops at cabins, tea houses and hotels, com-
pensating by periods spent in your own home tent.
Following this plan we have spent four summers
in the northern Rockies on budgets only slightly
greater than those of home. I shall not bore you
with figures, for three of those trips were made in
times when fares, cabin rates and food were far
higher than they are today.

Whether you come by motor or train, start hik-
ing on the trails about Banff. There are good and
easy trails along valleys cut among sharp gray
mountains of tilted and twisted gray rocks. There
is also the "million dollar view," which is all the
guide books say and more, since it tells a story
of vanished glaciers and rivers pushed out of
their paths. As for beauty, every photograph
shows it, but even those in natural color fail to
give its quality.

Lake Louise deserves four days to a' week. Its
trails, though well graded and wide, lead to spec-
tacular peaks or the edge of grinding glacial ice.
Ptarmigan lead their chicks among heather ; a pica
spreads his hay out to dry on red rocks near the
head of the lake. Mantled ground squirrels come

SEEING THE NORTHERN ROCKIES ON FOOT

to beg, and pack rats make collections of bright
things dropped by campers and hikers. They
don't always wait for things to drop, and often
cut shiny buttons from carelessly handled coats.

Take road or trail to Moraine Lake, which
hides below ten red-and-buff peaks each more than
ten thousand feet high. Then back to Lake Louise,
and across the Continental Divide. Cars may be
left at Wapta Camp while the party hikes to Lake
O'Hara, the one rival of Louise. There are few
trails leading from it, but they offer views of
great beauty and chances to study mountain plants.
Open slopes allow for hikes at will, without even
a map fotj guide.

From Yoho Camp, reached by road or trail,
there are routes leading to high basins, lakes and
the grim foot of Yoho Glacier. Moose feed in
Duchesney Lake, and at least one handsome bull
has learned not to fear human beings. But use a
telescopic lens, for he is not really neighborly.

An easy route leads on to the chalet on the
shore of Emerald Lake. Harder, but more beau-
tiful, is that which climbs toward Burgess Pass,
reaches a fire-protected camp ground and then
drops suddenly to the valley. Tent, bedding and
food can be sent up for three dollars; stay until
the suj^plies are eaten and pack your remaining
duffle downhill. But don't let that word "down-
hill' deceive you ; unless you are thoroughly hard-
ened to loads, thirty-five pounds will seem like
three hundred by the time you reach the foot of
that trail !

There is another reason for taking the trail fol-
lowed by that steep descent. Like most of the
northern Rockies, those about Banff, Lake Louise
and Field are formed of rocks laid down long ago
under shallow, shifting seas. Those seas con-
tained varied life: seaweeds, sponges, shellfish,
bristled worms and queer, flat creatures with
jointed bodies whose only name is trilobites. On
sands they died and disappeared, but in limes and
muds their remains were preserved as fosil ani-
mals and plants.

Corals and shells of the early Coal Age lie in
the tilted cliffs above Banff. More ancient beds
outcrop at Ross Lake, not far from the Conti-
nental Divide. Near Burgess Pass is a dark gray
ledge whose fossils^ rarely abundant and perfect,
have made it famous throughout the world. Even
if you have no collection it is worth while to visit
that quarry, search the scattered slabs for re-
mains, and contrast these records of ancient seas
with modern lakes, glaciers and mountains. But if

you expect to take fossils away, first get appro-
priate permission from the National Parks office
in Ottawa!

From Emerald Lake an excellent road leads to
the railway town of Field. You may motor west-
ward to Golden, but must take train to the Sel-
kirks — there is no other way to go. Leave it at
the village of Glacier and get the one Ford in the
place to take your duffle to the camp ground
where the famous Glacier House once stood.
There you'll find wood, shade, water and a place
to put your food beyond reach of ground squirrels
and bears. A porcupine will be your neighbor,
but since quill-throwing is a myth this is no cause
for alarm.

The Selkirks once were a mecca for moun-
taineers of America and Europe. Today they are
almost deserted — which means you may enjoy
good trails and still have solitude. For glacier
work get a guide from Lake Louise ; without one,
take trails upon Mount Sir Donald, to the tip of
Mount Abbott and across Baloo Pass. In the
meadows near Nakimu Caves there are grizzlies;
the caves themselves are strange tunnels worn by
water from glacial ice. Reserve at least one even-
ing for the sunset, which stains with rose, ver-
milion and purple the snowy peaks north of Rogers
Pass. It's a perfect ending for your visit in this
land of high peaks and ice.

Expenses? I promised not to give figures — but
here there are no rates to change. On our last
four days in the Selkirks we spent $5.92 above
railway tickets and observation car fares. Of
these, fifty cents went for hauling duffle and the
rest for milk, oranges, lettuce and more substan-
tial items of food. Less than $1.35 per day for
two, permitting some fliers in luxury at Emerald
Lake and Louise ....

Can you afford not to see the West when bud-
gets are reduced like that?

"But spring will come. The ice will break
up and melt away ; elms and maples will
venture into leaves; hemlocks and firs
will arouse themselves to a fresher green.
Grasses will cover the hills and the
meadowlands. And there will be bird
songs in the air. Then will come the time
for the good sport of hiking over the
countryside." — Harry A. Overstreet in
A Guide to Civilised Loafing.

Adventures Over the Radio

THK Jacksonville Depart-
ment of Public Recrea-
tion is sponsoring a novel
club known as the Junior Road
to Adventure Club, which each week broadcasts a
serial under the title, "Peter and Peggy in Story-
Book Land." Competitive auditions are held for
the variovis parts and all the individuals con-
nected with the production are volunteers.

The Recreation Department is especially
fortunate in having, in Mr. Martin Fabian, a
volunteer worker whose hobby is the presen-
tation of radio plays. Mr. Fabian, a civil en-
gineer by profession, first became interested in
radio drama through the technical problems in-
volved in producing sound effects. As a result,
he spends much of his leisure in building de-
vices for the accurate reproduction of sounds
over the radio. His generosity, both in the ex-
penditure of time and money, has made it pos-
sible for the Department of Public Recreation

By Nathan L. Mallison

Superintendent of Recreation
Jacksonville, Florida

to present unusually inter-
esting and worth while pro-
grams which are arousing"
much favorable comment.
ATost of the good scripts for radio presenta-
tions are cop\-righted and sold by syndicates.
Mr. Fabian believes that good sound effects
must ha\e good plays, so he has purchased a
series of scripts with most happy results. While
children's fairy tales are the theme of the broad-
casts, the fan mail indicates that more adults
listen to the program than children.

Many so-called children's hours, especially
those which have been commercialized by com-
panies dealing in articles of merchandise for
children, are insipid affairs which even the
children will not tolerate. When time and ef-
fort are expended on a program to insure an
artistic production, even adults will listen, the
experience of the Jacksonville Recreation De-
partment attests.

Presenting, from
left to right, the
operator of the
sound effects; the
announcer, Smoke-
wreath; the narra-
tor; Peter and
Peggy, who are
woven into every
production; the di-
rector of the pro-
duction; Prince
Charming; Cinder-
ella; the FairyGod-
mother and the
two sisters.

World at Play

^ . To make possible the

If You are Going r u ^ ■ ^■

" fullest appreciation

to the Theatre c ., j -.• c

of the dramatic ot-

ferings of the Mil-
waukee, Wisconsin, 1934-35 theatre season, the
Extension Department of the Public Schools
each Tuesday evening at one of the social
centers holds drama and music previews. At
these previews the coming week's events on
the theatre board are discussed. If there are
no special attractions on the program of the
following week, the evening is devoted to the
reading and discussion of some outstanding
modern play, some topic of the theatre or
musical demonstration studies.

Travel Talks
Popular

An interesting ac-
tivity fostered by the
Recreation Commis-
sion of Phoenixville,
Pennsylvania, is a series of travel talks running
through the winter which are given by resi-
dents of the city who during the past year
ha\e taken interesting trips. For example, one
speaker motored across the country spending
considerable time in Arizona, New Mexico and
the Grand Canyon. Another, a florist, spent the
summer in Holland among the bulb growers.
Reading, Pennsylvania, has also adopted this
plan, which is working out very successfully
in both cities.

Making Washington
Safe for Play

Accidents on muni-
c i p a 1 playgrounds
are few, the ratio of
all mishaps being 2.8
to each 100,000 visits to the playground, accord-
ing to the 1934 report of the Department of
Playgrounds of the District of Columbia.
Nevertheless, a determined effort is being
made to reduce this ratio, and with the co-
operation of the Women's City Club, the
American Automobile Association, and the
Metropolitan Police Department, an interplay-
ground campaign for safety and for playground
beautification was conducted from April i
through September 30, 1933. Several patrols
were organized on each playground. The Wo-
men's City Club offered an attractively de-
signed certificate to each playground which
showed improvement in the appearance of the
grounds and in its safety-record. The AAA
presented three handsome banners, first, sec-
ond, and third place to the grounds having the
highest record each month. Keen interest in
many communities in the beautification of the
grounds brought generous gifts of shrubbery,
Tose-trees, furniture, curtains, and enlisted the
assistance of many adults who painted furni-
ture, made curtains and helped in garden
iictivities.

„, ^ . The community

The Community , t^ „

,^ x^ ,. house at Dedham,

House at Dedham ,. ,

Massachusetts, is an

historic mansion
built in 1799. The house was in a sadly neglec-
ted condition when it was turned over to the
Dedham Community Association in May 1922,
and it has been gradually restored to its present
state. It is open to the people of Dedham and
to others for all kinds of leisure-time activities
— social, educational and recreational. In it and
on the grounds about it is conducted a con-
tinuous all the year round program of gather-
ings and activities for young and old alike.
Frances M. Baker Park, including within its
limits the landing place of the original settlers
of Dedham in 1636, was a gift to the associa-
tion in 1927. It adjoins the grounds extending
to the Charles River and provides space for
tennis courts, other outdoor games and a swim-
ming beach.

Subdivision
Development

In Subdivision De-
velopment circular
Number 5, issued by
the Federal Housing
Administration, minimum requirements are set
forth for the physical characteristics of sub-
divisions and of the properties within them.
Among the requirements on which special

MAGAZINES AND PAMPHLETS

TENNIS for TEACHERS

By HELEN I. DRIVER

Instructor in Charge of Women's Tennis
University oi Wisconsin

• A manual for the recreation leader, and teacher of
Physical Education. Contents include analysis of seven
strokes, common errors and teaching progressions for
each; practice organization for beginning and advanced
groups; tactics, tests, and tournaments; organization of

tennis programs. Price $2. Detailed description
sent upon request.

Orders, accompanied b\j full payment thoutd bt directed to

H. I. DRIVER, Lalhrop HaU
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Vfia.

emphasis is laid is the following : "Appropriate,
adequate and conveniently accessible schools,
parks, playgrounds, and shopping centers shall
exist or they shall be definitely in prospect.
Dedication or reservation at a reasonable cost
of sites for schools, parks, and playgrounds
shall be considered bona fide evidence of intent
to provide these three types of facilities and
preliminary arrangements shall have been ef-
fected for making them available."

ike C(

bine

.aaazine

If you ate interested in

The leadership of youth.

The swiftly changing methods in organized
camping.

The statements of leading thinkers on educa-
tion through camping.

Leadership training — Counsellor's Education.

Camp Programming — Administration.

Outdoor Sports and Activities.

New Games, Land and Water.

Swimming — Canoeing — Sailing.

Riding — Archery — Riflery.

Woodcraft — Indian Lore — Nature,

Artscraft — Dancing — Stunts.

Council Fires — Story Telling,

Then read the Camping Magazine regulatty
Send for a sample copy $2.00 a year.

Lane Hall, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Dcpt. R

Magazines and Pamphlets

) Recently Received Containing Articles j
^ of Interest to the Recreation Worker '-

MAGAZINES
The National Parent-Teacher Magazine, March 1935
Hobbies for Girls, by Ruth Nichols

Leisure, March 1935

Coaches for a Miniature Napoleon, by Ellen Hill
Dramas Without Dialogue, by Will Anderson
Whit-Tennis, by Milton Connelly
Make It a Kitchen Party, by Frank L. Havey
Ted Tinker — Tinkerer

Safety Education, March 1935

The Ancient Kite in the Modern Sky, by Marion
Holbrook

Parks and Recreation, February 1935

Emergency Conservation Work in the National

Parks, by John D. Coffman
Recreation and Reconstruction, by L. H. Weir
Curling, An International Sport, by Irwin R. Dunnell

The Parents' Magazine, March 1935

The Busy Child Gets Well Fast, by Marie Willcox

Abbott

Educational Method, March 1935

Grand Rapids Schools Develop Children's Hobbies,
by Helen K. Mackintosh

How the Museum Contributes to Leisure-Time In-
terests, by Jane A. White

Elementary Industrial Arts and Leisure-Time Inter-
ests, by A. Adele Rudolph

Is Your School Educating for Leisure? by Eugene
T. Lies

Education for Leisure: Recent References, by Edith
A. Wright

Recreation and Juvenile Delinquency, by Katharine
F. Lenroot

The Journal of Health and Physical Education,

March 1935
Dramatic Activities of the Berkeley, California, Rec-
reation Department, by Charles W. Davis
The Use of Basketball Skill Tests for Girls and
Women, by Helen A. Moser

PAMPHLETS
Charlton Community Center Leisure Time Program,
Board of Education, Newark, N. J.

A Study of Rural Community Development in Water-
ville, N. Y. »

Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station,
Ithaca, New York

Report of the Monroe County Regional Planning Board
for 1934

Thirteenth Annual Rport of the Park Department, Rec-
reation Bureau of the City of Passaic, N. J., 1934

First Annual Report of the Board of Recreation Com-
missioners, Summit, N. J., 1934

'^£/ .^P"n? and Summer Outings of the Westchester
Trails Association
Westchester County Recreation Commission, White
Plains, New York

Adult Education and Recreation Report of the Board of
Education — Elmira, N. Y., 1934

WORLD AT PLAY

New HEYDAY HOUSE Hits:

The new best-seller in entertainment
books is Gerald Lynton Kaufman's
delightful "IT'S ABOUT TIME" — a
treasure-chest of clock and watch puz-
zles, problems, tricks, games, curiosi-
ties and philosophy that will test your
wits, arouse your imagination and offer
a thousand rich and thrilling hours of
fun — appeals to everyone.

Just out — the exciting new de-
tective game for competitive
playing — baffling picture-clue
mysteries that require eyes,
wits, speed, and are grand
fun to solve!

BRINGING

$1.00

IT'S ABOUT
$1.50 TIME

by GERALD LYNTON KAUFMAN

DOUBLEDAY. DORAN & CO 'INC

SHERLOCK HOME

by LAWRENCE TREAT

Coming! NAMING QUINTUPLETS, by J.
Bryan, III, and MAY I LEAVE THE ROOM?
by G, Lawson Kendall — $1.00 each. Ask for
these Heyday House Hits at your bookstore.

E. R. A. Concerts in Boston. — On January
24th, the first of a series of free public E. R. A.
concerts was held at the Boston Opera House,
presented by a selected group of 88 profes-
sional musicians representing the best per-
formers of the E. R. A. Symphony Concert
Orchestra and the F. E. R. A. Symphony
Orchestra. Free tickets were distributed
through the sectional committees of the City-
wide Emergency Committee on Health and
Recreation. Two outstanding soloists volun-
teered their services for special numbers. In
spite of the blizzard and zero weather, 600
people were present.

Annual Meeting of the American Associa-
tion for Adult Education. — The Tenth Annual
Meeting of the American Association for Adult
Education will be held at the Hotel Schroeder,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, May 20, 21, and 22.
There will be sessions on public schools as
adult education centers ; adult education in
rural communities ; adult education under
public auspices ; vocational education and ad-
justment for adults ; rural library service ; a
vocational interest of adults ; training com-
munity leaders ; readability, and mechanical
aids to learning. Further information may be
secured from the American Association for
Adult Education, 60 E. 42d Street, New York.

A Hobby Round-Up. — From May i to 11,
1935, the Leisure League of America, Inc. will
sponsor in New York City "a national exposi-
tion of hobbies, sports, games, arts, handicrafts
and other diversions organized to display and
demonstrate in an animated, colorful and

dramatic way the activities and accomplish-
ments of the many organizations and indivi-
duals engaged in furthering wholesome leisure-
time activities." The exhibit, which will be held
in Commerce Hall, Port Authority Building,
will be under the executive management of
Robert Everett Associates, Inc., 232 Madison
Avenue, New York City.

A Hobby League. — The Playground and
Recreation Association of Philadelphia has
established a hobby league which is arousing
much interest. Hundreds of ideas on hobbies
have been assembled. A consulting group has
been organized who are experts on various
phases of leisure-time activities and who will
answer questions. Hobby clubs and groups will
be formed. Four workers are giving full time to
the project.

A Children's International Fete in Japan. —
In November the Tokyo Y. W. C. A. held a
Children's International Fete, introducing the
festivals of four seasons in many lands. Among
the countries represented were: Afghanistan,
America, Canada, China, Denmark, England,
France, Holland, India, Ireland, Japan, Mexico,
Philippine, Poland, Russia, Siam, Sweden,
Scotland and Turkey.

The Dog as a Playfellow. — Dr. Henry S.
Curtis, Director of the FERA Recreational
Survey in Washtenaw County, Michigan, writ-
ing about the dog as a playfellow says, "He is
probably the most valuable piece of apparatus
available as he leads to much activity and has
a strong emotional appeal. This is coming out

WORLD AT PLAY

Bright

eon

SUNSHINE
FRESH AIR

Keep playgrounds free from dust
with Solvay Calcium Chloride . . .

PROTECTING children at play is the aim
of the modern playground. How im-
portant to protect them from the dan-
gers and dirt in dust! It's so easy and
it costs next to nothing.

An application of Solvay Flake Calcium
Chloride on gravel or earth surfaces
effectively ends the dust nuisance. And
Solvay Calcium Chloride kills germs.
The photomicrographs pictured here
show you the results. 347cultures in the
untreated dust. Only 3 in the some dust
treated with Solvay Calcium Chloride.

Germs
in Dust

Before treatment After treatment

Make this a dustless outdoor season
on your playgrounds. Send today for
full information and booklet No. 1159.

y^^^ Solvay Sales Corporation

'•» «w -^ Alkalies and Chemical Products Manufoc-

tured by The Solvay Process Company

40 Rector Street New York

SOLVAV

^^_^ TRADE MARK REG U S, PAT OFF

C^LCIUAI
CHIiORIDE

FlAKE-77%-80%

Strongly in the study we are now making of
summer activities. For the only child in the
country the dog offers the only opportunity
for vigorous play, and for many others he is
more important then any other kind of play
equipment. He is an excellent playfellow and
leads to much running and romping out-of-
doors. The pet in general, and the dog in
particular, has a large place in child direction,
and the boy or girl who has grown up without
one will probably be socially poorer for all the
rest of his life."

May Day— Child Health Day.— The stamp-
ing out of diphtheria has been chosen as the
special project for this year's May Day — Child
Health Day, according to an announcement
issued by the American Child Health Associa-
tion. Further information may be secured from
the association at 50 West 50th Street, New
York City.

Activities of the Opera Nazionale Dopola-
voro. — The Italian government has issued a
beautifully illustrated volume entitled "De-
velopments and Realizations of the Opera
Nazionale Dopolavoro" which gives the his-
torical development and accomplishments of
the Leisure Time Organization established for
the benefit of workers. Accomplishments are
classified under four headings : Physical Cul-
ture (Sports and popular games — Italian Fe-
deration for Excursions) ; Artistic Education ;
Popular Culture and Professional Education,
and Assistance (hygienic, sanitary, social dis-
counts, facilities, social assistance.) An exceed-
ingly broad program of activities is embraced
in this program which is the coordinating body
for thousands of small societies.

Recreation in Institutions — C. M. Goethe of
Sacramento, California, who for many years
has been devoted to promoting the recreation
movement and who was one of the first to work
for the international play movement writes
that he is supplying to certain of the residents
of an institution for the insane packets of post-
age stamps. Officials of the institution have
found that stamp collecting has not only re-
creational value but in some instances curative
value. Another resident of Sacramento is per-
forming the same service for tubercular patients
in a local institution.

WORLD AT PLAY

Tenth Annual Seminar in Mexico. — The

Committee on Cultural Relations with Latin
America announces the tenth annual seminar
in Mexico to be held in Cuernavaca and Mexico
City from July 3rd to July 23rd. The seminar
will consist of three weeks of lectures, round
table discussions and field trips which will
supply a general introduction to Mexican his-
tory, economics, art, international relations and
archaeology, under the leadership of outstand-
ing Mexican and American authorities in many
fields. Further information may be secured
from Hubert C. Herring, executive director of
the committee, 287 Fourth Avenue, New York
City.

The South- Wide Leisure Time Conterence.

— The second annual South-Wide Leisure
Time Conference will be held May 3rd to 8th
at Nashville, Tennessee. Sessions will be held
at Scarrit College for Christian Workers and
the Y. M. C. A. Graduate School. Further in-
formation may be secured from Dr. Walter L.
Stone, secretary of the conference, 500-2 1st
Avenue South, Nashville.

The N. E. A. Convention. — It is suggested
by officials of the National Education Associa-
tion that delegates attending the 1935 conven-
tion to be held for a week during July come
prepared for an all summer vacation. For the
convention is to be held at Denver, and with
the National Parks, Mountain Parks and the
inexhaustable outdoor facilities of Colorado, a
delightful vacation period will be assured.
Information regarding tfie convention may be
secured from A. L. Threlkeld, Superintendent
of Schools, 414 Fourteenth Street, Denver,
Colorado.

Tennis Tournaments in Detroit. — Last sum-
mer the Detroit Department of Recreation,
assisted by the Detroit News, staged a novice
tennis tournament open to the residents of
Detroit and any city, village or town within
forty miles of Detroit. A novice was construed
to mean any player who had not won a city or
district championship. Approximately 2,000
people registered for the tournament. The plan
of operation was to have any town or com-
munity entering conduct a tournament of from
32 to 64 players, including both men and wo-
men. The winners and runners-up of these
community tournaments competed in Detroit
for the metropolitan championship.

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EQUIPMENT

On the Grandstand

(Continued from page 4)

fication of such diversions began. Before this
grand publicity, sport had its players but not its
fans. It is difficult to resist the lure of pages upon
pages of professional baseball, college football
and prize fights w hen we have them before our
eyes every morning and evening. The enormous
crowds at certain prize fights, for example, were
brought together only because the public interest
had been jazzed up by a clever publicity of the
training details until the final contest gradually
came to appear as an event of primary import-
ance. This advertising of sport now parallels the
advertising of merchandise. One wonders how
the average man or woman can keep enough of
the family income to pay for bread and butter.
We are lured to buy by high pressure sales cam-
paigns and yet we somehow survive. Many spec-
tators are those who come not from any innate
interest but because they cannot resist the sports
ballyhoo.

"Is your boy interested in athletics?" queried
one mother of another.

NAT M. WASHER

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"I should say he is," replied the other. "He
stays in bed every Sunday morning and reads all
the sport pages in the newspapers!"

This boy's attitude is surely one of bovine qui-
escence unless he has some other outlet for his in-
terest in athletics than mere vicarious spectator-
ship. And many people only read and look upon
action, either mental or physical and never have
any desire to be more than a spectator. The con-
firmed theatregoer, the movie fan, is living vi-
carously as is the bookworm or the man who is
always found in the grandstand. Pleasures taken
vicariously are recreation and a recuperative pro-
cess, but like too much sameness in a diet, they
produce a badly balanced life.

It is not the impressive millions spent by Amer-
icans for grandstand, theatre and movie seats or
attendance at commercialized sports that can be
criticized. These all represent legitimate avenues
of release from fatigue, of recuperation and
pleasure. It is the entire surrender to their lure
because it is the easiest way, which is deplorable.
Recreation is an activity of body and mind no less
than work and we should seize upon the most de-
veloping, the most releasing kinds. Dissipation

Nat M. Washer

Nat "M. Washer of San Antonio, Texas, whc^
died early in February 1935, was Chairman of the
War Camp Community Service Committee at San
Antonio during the World War and for many
years had been a warm supporter of the National
Recreation Association. He assisted in raising
money for the organization and put his influence
behind the movement. In recent years he had
served as President of the Texas State Board of
Education and for many years he was a leader in
the civic, educational, business and fraternal life
of San Antonio, and was largely responsible for
the establishment of the San Antonio Public
Library. At the time of his death, the flags at
Austin, the state capital, were lowered to half
mast, and at the hour of his funeral service
classes in all the San Antonio public schools and
colleges were suspended, as was also the operation
of the San Antonio public library system.

and idleness and monotony of play require fur-
ther recreation to offset fatigue. A mixed diet in
recreation is what we all need for the well-
rounded life.

The Japanese National Game: Go

(Continued from page 9)

multiplying rapidly. And inquiries are streaming
in from inquisitive and partly informed persons
as to where and how they can learn to play.

Go, like music, can be learned from a relatively
few simple written instructions. But it is as im-
portant for Go students to witness good Go played
as for music students to hear good music played.
But to a Go student personal instruction is even
more important than to a music student. The rea-
son is this : Go students, unlike music students,
cannot easily detect their own mistakes.

Helgh-ho for a Merry Spring!

(Continufd fruiii page 14)
torium was made, on which the plans for the
entrance, place of action, place of standing,
and the exit of each group were carefully
worked out and a place in the front rows of
the auditorium assigned to it for seating be-
fore the beginning of the festival. Full direc-
tions for each group, based on these plans,
were typed and given to the representative of
that group who had been chosen as "liaison

THIRTY-FOUR YEARS OF SERVICE

Thirty-four Years of Service

Mrs. Mary J. Cowlev has just resigned from
the North Side Playground Association of Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania, after thirty-four years of
continuous service. Mrs. Cowley is still a mem-
ber of the Pittsburgh Board of Education, a posi-
tion which she has held for twenty-three years.

Recently a reception was held in Mrs. Cowley's
honor in Pittsburgh with nearly 400 educators,
playground supervisors and friends attending.
The City Council of Pittsburgh adopted a special
resolution of appreciation for the service of Mrs.
Cowley and all that had come through her efforts.

officer" between it and the festival director.
These liaison officers should meet with the
director shortly before the festival to go over
their instructions with him, to be sure to have
correct understanding.

About a hundred people who met each day
for a session in musical leadership learned all
the songs and sat in the auditorium as near as
possible to the piano as they sang them. A
public community singing period held each day
gave opportunity for many people who later
came to see the festival to learn several of the
songs. Under ordinary circumstances this
learning of the songs by the audience might
be done in connection with regular meetings of
clubs and other associations attended by people
likely to be at the festival; and even a half-
hour or so of song-learning by the audience
just before the festival begins might not be
amiss.

Such simple festivals seem a most promising
means of bringing all sorts and ages of people
into growing participation and lasting interest
in ways of expression whose social and other
human values we all place at the top of the
scale, and whose delights are always as fresh
as a bright May morning.

Special Activities in Glens Falls,
New York

(Continued from page 19)
the bases, we bought a cobbler's sewing machine.
We reopened the club again this winter the first
of February in the factory building used two
years ago, which is really better adapted to our
purposes as the one great room makes supervision
simpler and cuts down the cost of personnel. Our
program is practically the same as last year, ex-

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cept that we are not opening until one o'clock and
are running only week days. The attendance is
somewhat smaller this season, a happy sign that
there is less unemployment. But the club is never-
theless well patronized and our Board of Gov-
ernors feels that we are doing no work that is of
greater value or that has accomplished more real
good. We are reaching a large group of men who
are by no means down-and-outers, but rather, in
the main, self respecting workmen, who through
force of circumstances are either entirely out of
work or else employed only part time on relief
projects. A warm, bright, cheerful club of their
own, where they can putter around with tools as
they choose, has done much to keep up morale
and to give men courage to face these bitter days
of dire financial stress.

April Showers

(Continued from page 24)
"In the pond," the players must all jump to the
side of the line designated as the pond. On the

APRIL SHOWERS

SUMMER
SESSIONS

PENN STATE

Inter-Session, June 11 to June 28
Main Session, July 1 to Aug. 9
Post Session, Aug. 12 to Aug. 30

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Seekers of degrees in Health and Physical Edu-
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ideal. Combines thorough study with real vaca-
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recreational opportunities. Modern gymnasium.
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The PENNSYLVANIA STATE COLLEGE
State College, Pa.

words, "On the bank," the players must jump to
the side designated as the bank. Try to make the
players jump at the wrong time or fail to jump
when they ought to. Anyone who blunders must
leave the game. The last person to remain in the
game wins.

Noah's Ark

Divide the group into couples and give each the
name of some animal, bird or insect. A straight
row of chairs is placed across one end of the room
and a man takes his place behind each. The girls
are all taken out of the room and blindfolded.
When the girls are brought in again they are taken
to the end of the room farthest from the chairs,
and from here each tries to find her partner and
occupy his seat. The only guidance the girls have
is the noise made at the other end of the room
when the men imitate the sound of the animal
assigned to them. After all have found their seats,
partners change and the men try their skill at
locating their partners.

Rainbow Sfab

Using the large rainbow that you have for

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Richard e. shields. Editor

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Articles by writers of
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decorations, number the colors from i to 7. Play-
ers are formed into teams of seven each and then
are blindfolded, provided with a pin stuck through
a strip of white cloth, and sent up to stick this on
the rainbow. Each team is credited with the num-
ber of points represented by the color stabbed.
Team scoring the most points wins some rainbow
colored candy.
Bow Contest

Give each guest a pencil and paper with the fol-
lowing questions on it to be answered by words
beginning or ending in "bo," "bow" or "beau" :

Questions

Answers

A Hallowe'en bow?

Bogy

An unconventional bow?

Bohemian

A South American bow?

Bolivia

A sausage bow?

Bologna

A bow without fraud or deceit ?

Bona fide

A rich yielding bow?

Bonanza

A military bow?

Bonaparte

A bow that's always acceptable?

Bonus

A poorly fed bow?

Bony

An acid bow?

Boric

An animal bow?

Bovine

A ne'er-do-well bow?

Hobo

A dandy bow?

Beau Brummel

A bow that is a dangerous

weapon ?

Bowie knife.

On the Wild Flower Trail

(Continued from fayc 26)

This unique type of herbarium with its poetical
interpretation gives word pictures that increase
the pleasure of examining the flowers. There are
often several quotations accompanying a single
flower.

Whether the collector makes a scientific ap-
proach to his work or whether his treasures are
arranged for beauty's sake alone, to follow the
wild flower trail is to reap a pleasurable reward.

Planning for Recreation

(Continued from page 28)

and horses. Some months ago we bought him
a pair of rabbits. Today he showed me a plan
he has made for an underground dweUing he
is going to build for them as they have grown
considerable in number. And so a rabbit farm
has been added to our husbandry and the boy's
hobby or perhaps vocation has been established.

Hobby and Vocation. In the same way pho-
tography, stamp collecting, arts and crafts,
music, dancing, acting, the making of puppets,
soap carving, basket weaving, chair caning,
gardening, poultry raising and farming are the
natural hobbies of boys and girls at our school.
These are all interests which do not allow time

PLANNING FOR RECREATION

for loafing and the spread of "gangish" spirit.
Hobbies supply needed entertainment and rec-
reation. They satisfy normally the desire to
show oflf, to get approval and to attract atten-
tion. The greatest importance, however, is the
fact that a hobby can become a source of a life
adventure and a vocation.

The Social Value of Hobbies. As the result of
the constant contact of our pupils with nature,
the desire arose to serve less fortunate broth-
ers in cities and towns who never had the
privilege of tramping through fields and woods.
Appreciating the inexhaustible treasures of
nature in every bush and brook and tree, these
boys and girls wanted to find a way to share
some of this wealth with the children who
could never search for the first spring flowers,
or go berrying, or scoop polliwogs from a pond.
And they did find a way, for they began to pre-
pare some collections which they mailed to
public schools, settlement houses, children's
clubs, hospitals, homes and similar organizations.

These young nature lovers try to make each
package which they call "nature's parcels" in-
teresting. Each package is different, accord-
ing to the season and the adventures of the
amateur scientist. Things are being packed to-
gether that belong together — the broken egg
shell in the right bird's nest ; the fungus with
the moss from which it grew.

For each parcel the children prepare a cata-
logue, and here is where the "study" part of
the program becomes acute. Each item must,
of course, be given its proper name and a brief
description, and since the catalogue is to be
sent abroad in the name of the school, a sense
of purpose and responsibility make the students
very earnest in their researches. The pupils
who are more artistic than scientific in tem-
perament write poems or imaginative stories
about their discoveries, and all help to deco-
rate the catalogue and make it attractive in ap-
pearance as well as content.

And so we have established friendships with
many people and have brought happiness to
many children — an accomplishment which we
think is in harmony with nature's plan.

PUT

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Write for new catalog P. S. 1.

DIAMOND CALK HORSESHOE CO.

4610 Grand Avenue, Duluth, Minn.

A Successful Bird Club

(Continued jrom page 29)
puzzle to members of the club, all of whom have
an elementary knowledge of bird life.

The rugged West Virginia hills shelter no lakes
and the region is more or less barren of water-
fowl. The Bird Qub to some degree makes up
for this deficiency by staging an annual expedi-
tion to the lake regions of Youngstown and Niles,
Ohio, for the observation of waterbirds.

In the course of the club's field work a number
of state and regional records of the occurrence of
birds have been established. The 1934 field pro-
jects selected by club members range from a nest-
ing census of Oglebay Park to the study of the
behavior of individual birds. A reward of a bird
book to be selected by the writer of the best paper
describing his field work of 1934 has stimulated
activity in this direction for the season and some
interesting papers are anticipated in the 1934-35
season.

The club is sponsor for the first time this year
of a regular exhibit in the Oglebay Park Nature
Museum, opening with an exhibit which not only
contains the club's compiled Spring migration list
but includes an effort to dramatize the marvels of
bird migration. This exhibit is to be changed from

A SUCCESSFUL BIRD CLUB

rings you QO PAGES

crammed with hundreds of
illustrations of things to
make. listing blue prints of
them all, telling where to
secure materials, containing
valuable suggestions on shop
operation, etc. Over 3 75
things to make for pleasure,
usefulness, profit.

Send 12c, today,

opular Mechanics
Magazine

Dept. E

200 East
Ontario St.
Chicago, III.

time to time to keep progress witli tlie seasons'
interests.

Started as a small study group of a dozen mem-
bers, the club membership now has passed three
dozen and additional membership applicants are
present at virtually each of the monthly meetings.
Three honorary members have been designated
and have accepted this recognition.

The club publishes through the efforts of its

members a monthly mimeographed journal, The
Redstart, which publishes ornithological activities
of its members. In addition it tells of activities of
the three clubs which the Brooks Bird Club has
organized among beginners in the general area
and which are affiliated with the senior group.
These include the Roney's Point Nature Club, of
Triadelphia, W. Va. (an organization of twenty-
five rural people) the Triadelphia High School
Bird Club, with a membership of thirty-eight, and
the Niles, Ohio, Bird Club with a membership of
twenty-eight. The club recently voted to add a
class of corresponding members open to bird
students anywhere and primarily intended to give
a state-wide flavor to the club's monthly journal.
All in all, the Brooks Bird Club has opened to a
number of individuals fascinating new fields for
spare time activities. A merchant and his wife, a
truck driver, an industrial office executive, ste-
nographers, clerks, skilled mechanics and repre-
sentatives of other widely divergent industries and
professions are included within the comparatively
small membership. Nominal dues are assessed to
pay for the publication of the paper and other
club purposes.

The

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
HEALTH and RECREATION

DIGEST

CHARLES D. GIAUQUE, Editor
Professor of Health and Physical Education, Boston University

offers you the gist of the leading articles of the month from a

hundred publications.

An easy way to keep up with your reading in recreation
and the allied fields of health and physical education.

"An article a day; a dollar a year."

Send us a dollar (or ask us to bill you) for a year's subscription

The DIGEST

, 29 Exeter St.

Boston, Mass.

New Publications in the Leisure Time Field

Tennis for Teachers

By Helen I. Driver, Lathrop Hall, University of Wis-
consin, Madison, Wisconsin. $2.00.
THIS is a text book for the teacher of tennis. It is
planned for both individual and group instruction, so
that the recreation leader, tennis professional, and teacher
of physical education in school or college may use it in
planning their tennis programs. The contents include
analysis of seven tennis strokes with common errors and
teaching progressions for each. Various types of group
organization for backboard and court practice, with sug-
gested lesson plans for beginning and advanced students,
are emphasized. Tennis tactics, tests and tournament
organization are included in the twenty-one sections of
the book. References at the end of each section list ad-
ditional reading material from the well known tennis
books. The book is in mimeograph form, containing 105
closely typed pages, illustrated by fifty diagrams and
sketches. It is bound in a flexible cardboard cover.

I consider this book one of the most practical texts on
tennis which has been put out up to date. The material
is unusually well organized and teachers should find it
most helpful. — Blanche M. Trilling.

It's About Time

By Gerald Lynton Kaufman, heyday house. Garden City,

New York. $1.50.
"W/e are indebted to Mr. Kaufman and the newly or-
" ganized "heyday house" for this clever and ingenious
treatment of Time as a Pastime. There are ten unusual
picture puzzles to be numbered and rearranged in their
correct time sequence ; twelve absurdly mixed up sen-
tences to be straightened out, and a number of unique
time tricks and games which will provide entertainment
for many a party. Heyday house, under the direction of
Jerome S. Meyer, oflfers us insurance against boredom in
its forthcoming publications and games. We advise our
readers to be on the lookout for these publications as
they appear. They are bound to be novel and entertaining
if the sample ofTered is any criterion !

Popular Crafts for Boys

By Edwin T. Hamilton. Dodd, Mead and Company, New

York. $3.00.
THIS book, the latest of the splendid "Hamilton on
' Handicraft" series, contains fourteen crafts selected
because of their popularity with boys. It includes car-
pentry, mask making, block printing, book-binding,
leathercraft, pottery, tin-can-craft, miniature modeling,
■trick photography, soap sculpture, paper mosaic, plastic
wood modeling, art metal craft and wood carving. Step
by step instructions with accompanying line sketches have
Tjeen given for making at least one article of each kind.
Photographs show the finished article. A carefully selec-
ted list of dealers, an up-to-date bibliography and an
index complete the contents.

"Do not forget," urges the author, "that this is a fun
book and not a work book. If the making of any article
is not fun, do not pursue it. Keep looking until you find
the one just for you."

Easter and the Spring

By Nina B. Lamkin, Samuel French, New York. $.50.
This is one of the interesting "All Through the Year
Series" which brings to the teacher, club, church or
community leader, varied and attractive material for
boys' and girls' groups which may be easily adapted to
the various ages. The material is so planned that it can
become a part of the regular work of the groups by
distributing it as follows : The songs and the appreciation
of the instrumental music in the music hours; the games,
dances and rhythmic drills in the physical education and
recreation hours ; the costume, decorations and properties
in the industrial arts hours, etc. The booklet provides
ready to use programs and references for every occasion
at Easter time and in the spring.

Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia

F. W. Compton and Company, Compton Building, 1000

North Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois.
11 ERE are fifteen volumes of information so attractively
presented and with articles so interestingly and
vividly written that learning is made a real adventure and
joy. That this beautifully illustrated Encyclopedia has
value in the development of leisure time interests is
evident to anyone who gives it even a cursory examina-
tion. Plays and games, athletics, nature activities, holidays
and festivities and other subjects in the leisure time field
are presented in articles which represent a wealth of
fascinating material. The Encyclopedia is outstanding for
the ease with which it can be used. Every letter is com-
plete in a light-weight, handy, easy-to-use volume.
Scientifically constructed Reference-Outlines for organ-
ized study follow each major subject. Every outline gives
page numbers for cross-reference. The Compton Fact-
Index containing more than 100,000 entries and located
at the back of each volume in its natural place — enables
the student to turn to the exact page for every fact and
every picture in the fifteen volumes.

Swimming

Compiled by Frederic J. Haskin. The Haskin Informa-
tion Service, 21st and C Streets, N. W., Washington,
D. C. $.10.
^OMpiLED in cooperation with the American Red Cross,
^^ the purpose of this booklet is not primarily to in-
struct beginners how to swim. It does, however, carry
a great deal of practical information about what to do
with the ability to swim once it is acquired. There are
many illustrations in the booklet, which has a brief
section on swimming pools.

NEM^ PUBLICATIONS IN THE LEISURE TIME FIELD

Masks and Costumes.

By F. W. Bosserman. Recreation Division, South Park

Commissioners, Chicago, Illinois. $.35.

The latest pamphlet in the Leisure Hobby Series issued
by the Recreation Division of the Chicago South Park
Commissioners is entitled Masks aiid Costumes. It starts
with simple cut-out paper masks and leads the craftsman
through flour sack and cotton stocking masks into the
more difficult papier-mache mask where methods are
presented for making particular types of masks such as
helmets, character masks, Hallcwe'en and grotesque
masks, and masks portraying animals, Indians and similar
types. In the same way costumes start with simple burlap
bags and from that point describe costumes to be used
for well known characters and various types of per-
formers. Recreation workers will find this unique com-
pilation exceedingly valuable. The pamphlet may be
ordered either from the National Recreation Association
or from the Recreation Division of the Chicago South
Park Commissioners.

Nature Education: A Selected Bibliography.

By William Gould Vinal. School of Education, Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. $.75 plus postage.
Professor Vinal has performed a real service in com-
piling this carefully selected bibliography for the use of
nature leaders and nature students who wish a list of
books that is accurate and at the same time interesting.
It is a bibliography of popular books for the lay reader
as contrasted with the technical books for specialists.
The book has been arranged in seven groups — Humanized
Biology; Animals; Birds; Gardening; Insects; Physical
Nature Study, and the Plant World.

The bibliography, which is in the form of 82 mime-
ographed pages, is offered at cost price with the hope
that it will be immediately useful not only to teachers,
to parents, to recreation leaders and to camp directors,
but to libraries and educators in general.

Social Studies — An Orientation Handbook
for Hiqh School Pupils.

Prepared under the Guidance of William McAndrew.

Little, Brown and Company. Boston, Mass. $1.60.

"What is this high school all about?" In this hand-
book, written for the pupils themselves, a number of
sympathetic authorities have attempted to answer this
question asked by hundreds of bewildered boys and girls.
The articles have been grouped under three main head-
ings : Vou and Your High School; You, the Itidiindual;
You and Your Community. The chapter on You and
Your Leisure was prepared by Eugene T. Lies of the
National Recreation Association. Written in popular
style in language which boys and girls can understand,
this book is practical, interesting and stimulating.

Branch Library Book News.

December 1934. New York Public Library, 2^

This issue of the News, a supplement to the bulletin
of the New York Public Library, contains an interesting
article on Little Theatres in the Branch Library, showing
how through the use of relief funds for painting, repair-
ing and remodeling unused rooms and libraries may be
converted into attractive little theatres. In the Same num-
ber will be found a list of children's books published in
1934, with a brief digest of each.

Our Public Schools.

Published by The National Congress of Parents and
Teachers, 1201 Sixteenth Street Northwest, Wash-
ington, D. C. $.25.

The past few years, with their clouded issues and
emergencies which have resulted in confusion regarding
the proper evaluation of the best things in life, have
brought about a need for stimulating and vital informa-
tion concerning our public schools and a "rededication
throughout the United States to those American ideals
of education which it must be our indomitable will to
preserve." The National Congress of Parents and Teach-
ers has sought to meet this need by publishing this booklet
in which a number of noted educators and leaders in
American life have described the educational plans and
policies of America in the light of their historic back-
grounds. Throughout the compilation of articles emphasis
is laid on cultural values and on the responsibility of the
school in training for the use of leisure.

The American School Board Journal, January 1935.
Bruce Publishing Company, 524-544 North Milwaukee,

Milwaukee, Wisconsin. $.35.

This issue is devoted to school construction and will
be of special interest to all concerned with school plan-
ning. All phases are considered from gymnasium con-
struction in the modern school to air conditioning. Re-
creational planning in relation to school plant planning
is also discussed. A large number of photographs and
plans make this issue exceedingly valuable.

Officers and Directors of the National
Recreation Association

OFFICERS
JcsEPH Lee, President
John H. Finley. First Vice-President
John G. Winant, Second V'ice-President
Robert Gasrett, Third Vice-President
GusTAVUS T. KiRBY, Treasurer
Howard S. Braucher, Secretary

DIRECTORS

Mrs. Edward W. Biddle, Carlisle, Pa.

WiLiAM BuTTERWORTH, Moline. 111.

Clarence M. Clark, Philadelphia, Pa.

Henry L. Corbett, Portland, Ore.

Mrs. Arthur G. Cummer, Jacksonville, Fla.

F. Trubee Davison, Locust Valley, L. I., N. Y.

Mrs. Thomas A. Edison, West Orange, N. J.

John H. Finley, New York, N. Y.

Robert Garrett, Baltimore, Md.

Austin E. Griffiths^ Seattle, Wash.

Charles Hayden, New York, N. Y.

Mrs. Charles V. Hickox, Michigan City, Ind.

Mrs. Fbancis deLacy Hyde, Plainfield, N. J.

Gustavus T. Kirby, New York, N. Y.

H. McK. Landon, Indianapolis, Ind.

Mrs. Charles D. Lanier, Greenwich, Conn.

Robert Lassiter, Charlotte, N. C.

Joseph Lee, Boston, Mass.

Edward E. Loomis, New York, N. Y.

J. H. McCurdy, Springfield, Mass.

Otto T. Mallery, Philadelphia, Pa.

Walter A. May, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Carl E. Millikev, Augusta, Me.

Mrs. Ogden L. Mills, Woodbury, N. Y.

Mrs. James W. Wadsworth, Jr., Washington, D. C

J. C. Walsh, New York, N. Y.

Frederick M. Warburg, New York, N. Y.

John G. Winant, Concord, N. H.

Mrs. William H. Woodin, Jb., Tucson, Arii.

The Recreation Movement
in a Time of Stress

MAY 1935

THE CHILDREN are not forgotten. The needs of
young people are not ignored. Difficult as the last
year has been citizens, associations, local govern-
ments, state governments and the national government
have cooperated to keep the United States a country in
which children could grow up without other scars than
those natural to childhood. On ten thousand and more
outdoor playgrounds has the laughter of little children
been heard. In more than a thousand swimming pools
have boys and girls forgotten their troubles. More
than fifty thousand men and women have helped on
the playgrounds and in the recreation centers. There
is no note of defeat when a country places its children
and their happiness first.

Surely we can be proud that children and young
people and their future have had a large place in all
thinking in this emergency period.

Howard Braucher.

With May Comes the Call of Open Spaces

A Summary of Community Recreation in 1934

Regular and Emergency Service

Number of cities with play leadership or supervised facilities. . . 2,190

Total number of separate play areas reported 20,641 ^

New play areas opened in 1934 for the first time 2,043 ^

Total number of play areas and special facilities reported :

Outdoor playgrounds 1 0,394

Recreation buildings 1,034

Indoor recreation centers 5,752

Play streets 396

Athletic fields 1,965

Baseball diamonds 4,394

Bathing beaches 611

Golf courses 353

Handball courts 1,188

Ice skating areas 2,156

Ski jumps 95

Softball diamonds 5,964

Stadiums 140

Summer camps 136

Swimming pools 1,089

Tennis courts 10,047

Toboggan slides 243

Wading pools 1,189

Total number of employed recreation leaders 43,419

Total number of leaders employed full time the year round 2,325

Total number of volunteer leaders 1 1,126

Total expenditures for public recreation $41,864,630.22

(1) This figure includes outdoor playgrounds, recreation buildings, indoor recreation centers,
play streets, athletic fields, bathing beaches, golf courses and summer camps.

(2) Recreation buildings and indoor centers open for the first time are not included.

Community Recreation Leadership, Facilities
and Activities in 1934

NINETEEN Hundred Thirty-Four stands out
as a year of unparalleled growth in the
community recreation movement. For a long
period of years there has been a steady and fairly
constant increase in the number of cities reporting
recreation leadership and facilities. For example,
during the decade preceding 1934 the number of
cities in the Year Book has risen from 71 1 in 1924
to 1,036 in 1933. In one year, however, the num-
ber has more than doubled and the present report
contains information concerning recreation facili-
ties and service in 2,190 communities.

This phenomenal increase can be attributed
largely to the allocation of emergency relief
funds to recreational leadership projects. Of
the 2,190* towns and cities in this report, 1,025
are included only because of service made pos-
sible through emergency relief funds or work-
ers. A large number of these communities are
towns and villages in which recreation pro-
grams were provided in 1934 for the first time.
Others are cities where, due to financial condi-
tions, regular appropriations for recreation
services had been eliminated.

Whereas emergency funds made possible the
extension of recreation service to many towns
and cities, they made their greatest contribu-
tion in cities where some facilities and pro-
gra»ms wer'e also (provided through regular
channels. Nearly 90 per cent of the emergency
funds reported spent for recreation in 1934
were used in cities providing some regular rec-
reation services, and more than 75 per cent of
the workers paid from these funds also served
in such cities. In fact, a most encouraging
feature of this Year Book is the evidence that
in so many cities the emergency workers and
funds that were made available to recreation
agencies were used to supplement regular
workers and services rather than to replace
them.

Reports indicate not only an increasing num-
ber of communities with recreation facilities

and projects last year, but an unusual growth
in leadership personnel, facilities and expendi-
tures. The largest number of leaders previ-
ously reported was in 1931 when 25,508 work-
ers were employed. In 1934, 43,419 men and
women were reported as leaders, 23,174 of
them paid from emergency funds.

This additional personnel goes far in ex-
plaining the 40 per cent increase in the num-
ber of outdoor playgrounds as compared with
1933. the 55 per cent increase in the number
of indoor recreation centers and the 33 per cent
increase in recreation buildings. Never before
have so many indoor and outdoor centers un-
der leadership been conducted for the benefit
of the people and the attendance at these cen-
ters fully justifies the expenditure for their
operation. The reported seasonal attendance
at outdoor playgrounds was 300,000,000 as
compared with less than 234,000,000 the pre-
vious year. Indoor centers attracted 75,000,000
or 15,000,000 more than in 1933.

Reports indicate that more money was spent
in 1934 for community recreation facilities and
services than in any previous year. The total
amount reported was $41,864,630.22 or three
and one-third million dollars more than in
1930, the record year. The amounts secured
from regular sources and from emergency
funds are almost equal. A large percentage
of the emergency funds was spent for land,
buildings and permanent improvements where-
as the regular funds* were used largely for cur-
rent operating expenses.

* Reports from the following were received too late to be
listed in the statistical tables although the Information
which thev' contained has been included in the summary
figures : Hope, Ark. ; Naug-atuck, Conn. ; Cicero, 111.
(Hawthorne Park District) ; South Bend, Ind. ; Augusta,
Maine ; Stoneham, Mass. ; Iron County and Traverse
City, Mich. ; Bates County, Mo. : Eveleth, Minn. ; Au-
burn (Recreation Commission), New York (Board of
Education) and Syracuse (Dunbar Community Center),
N. Y. ; Belmont County, Chester Hill, Pennsville and
Westland, Ohio ; Ponca City, Okla. ; McMinnville, Ore-
gon ; Morrisville, Vt. ; Mineral County, St. Marys and
Upshur County, W. Va.

Reports of special recreation facilities show
an increase in practically all the types record-
ed, especially the ball diamonds, ice skating
areas, wading pools and bathing beaches. Many
of these facilities which were open in 1934 for
the first time were constructed with the emer-
gency funds previously referred to. The rela-
tive frequency and popularity of the special
recreation activities differ but slightly from
those indicated in previous reports but special
emphasis was given to swimming, crafts,
drama, music and forum-discussion activities
in many communities through the provision of
additional emergency leaders.

As pointed out in the Year Book for 1933,
experience has indicated that the most effec-
tive use of emergency leaders has been in cities
where they have served under the guidance
of a trained supervisory staff. The contribu-
tion which these leaders are making is illus-
trated by a statement from the Recreation De-
partment in a large city where many CWA and
SERA workers were placed at its disposal.

"By assigning these assistants to various
duties under the direction of the regular rec-
reation department staff, it was found possible
to provide supervision and leadership for an
increased attendance of more than two and
one-half millions during the past year, and to
organize more than 800 new activity groups
at playgrounds and recreation centers. Projects
on which the relief workers were placed in-
cluded the development of recreation activities
on the municipal beaches, the enlargement of
the city's plaveround program for the preven-
tion of juvenile delinnuency, the oreanization
of arts, crafts, and hobbies groups, the conduct
of a general survey of all public and semi-pub-
lic institutions providing recreation for youth
in the city."

In many states little was done toward the
utilization of relief funds for recreation lead-

ership projects until late in 1934. In other
states, projects carried on early in the year
with CWA funds were discontinued when
these funds were no longer available. It was
not possible to secure information concerning
emergency projects in many of these states,
and in several, others reports are very inade-
quate. It is recognized therefore that a great
deal more was accomplished in the community
recreation field through the Use of relief funds
than the reports in this Year Book indicate.

The picture of the service rendered both
through regular and emergency channels, how-
ever, is one which proves beyond question that
the local recreation agencies throughout the
country are making a tremendous contribution
to the happiness and well being of a large sec-
tion of the population in this trying period.
The loyal support which local recreation pro-
grams have received and the unselfish service
which thousands of local leaders have rendered
give promise of an even greater development
of the community recreation work in the years
ahead.

The statistical tables and summaries of in-
formation submitted on the local Year Book
reports are published in two sections. The
first includes all cities which reported expendi-
tures for leadership or for the operation of rec-
reation facilities from regular funds, either pub-
lic or private. Many of these cities also bene-
fited from the use of emergency funds. In
all cases, however, they would have qualified
for places in the Year Book even if they had
not reported emergency funds. The second sec-
tion of this report covers service in communi-
ties where no regular funds were expended for
recreation leadership or for the operation of
recreation facilities, but where emergency
funds or workers made such service possible
last year. Except for such emergency funds,
these communities would not have qualified
for places in the Year Book.

Regular Recreation Service

The summaries and statistical tables which
follow record the work in cities which main-
tained some regular service last year. This
section of the report therefore should be used
as a basis of comparison with Year Book re-

ports which have been issued in previous years
in so far as it records the services which, in
part at least, were provided without the help
of emergency relief funds. It is a record of the
continuing service which cities carried on in

1934 ^nd can be used in studying the normal
development of the recreation movement dur-
ing this year.

Regular recreation service was reported in
1934 in a total of 1,165 cities, which is a much
larger number than in any previous year. It
is encouraging to note that in spite of the fact
that large numbers of emergency leaders were
made available in many of the cities conduct-
ing regular service, there is only a very slight
decrease in the number of leaders paid from
regular funds in 1934 as compared with I933-
Likewise the number of workers employed on
a full time year round basis is almost equal
that of the previous year. The level of expendi-
tures for recreation leadership was also main-
tained during the year 1934.

Due primarily to the emergency leaders who
were available to supplement the regular
workers, there is a very large increase in the
number of playgrounds conducted under lead-
ership as compared with previous years. The
number of indoor centers rose from 3,702 to
4,246 and the total attendance at the centers
shows an even greater proportionate increase.

Relatively few changes of importance are
noted in the number or types of special recrea-

tion facilities which were operated last year
or in the activities which were reported in the
various cities. Few changes of special signifi-
cance are noted in the tables relating to the
types of management, especially with refer-
ence to the agencies reporting one or more full
time year round workers. The expenditures
from non-emergency funds, which total nearly
$20,772,000, were only $300,000 less than in
1933, and the amounts spent under the various
headings do not vary greatly as compared with
1933. A larger percentage of the total came
from tax sources, however.

The following are summaries relating to the
regular recreation service provided in the 1,165
cities reporting and the statistical tables re-
cording the service reported in each of them.*

* Reports of additional emergency service in 29 of these
cities will be found in the later section relating to such
service only. The cities are : Montgomery, Ala. ; New
London, Stratford, Torrington, Conn. ; Palatka, Fla. ;
Bloomington, Cook County, 111. ; Bedford, Ind. ; Holyoke,
New Bedford, Mass. ; Bridgeton, Collingswood, Eliza-
beth, Harrison, Jersey City, N. J. ; Hastings-on-Hudson,
Huntington, Ilion, Lackawanna, New York City, Rome,
N. Y. ; Bethlehem, Pa.; Watertown, S. D.; Barre, Bar-
ton, Vt. ; Lynchburg, Petersburg, Va. ; Spokane, Yakima,
Wash.

Leadership

A total of 20,245 recreation workers paid supplemented rather than replaced regular

from regular funds were employed by 773 cities staff workers. It is encouraging to find that

in 1934. Of this number 2,325 served on a full more cities employed full time year round

time year round basis. In the case of both workers than in any year since 1930.

the seasonal and full time workers, the number ^ , ;■ , , ,

, , ^ t ., ^, 1 Because a large percentage of the leaders

of men was somewhat larger than the number • , , r ,

, paid from emergency funds served agencies

of women. "^ j a

In spite of the fact that large numbers of "^^'^^ employed workers paid from regular

emergency leaders were made available to rec- ^""^^' ^he following table includes a state-

reation authorities in 1934, there was only a "^^nt concerning these emergency leaders. It

slight decrease in the number of workers paid will be noted that their number almost equals

from regular funds as compared with 1933. that of the regular workers. Fewer women

This indicates that the emergency leadership served as emergency leaders.

Recreation Workers Paid from Regular Funds

Cities reporting employed recreation workers 773

Men workers employed 10.953

Women workers employed 9.292

Total workers employed 20,245

Cities reporting workers employed full time year round 268

Men workers employed full time year round 1,251

Women workers employed full time year round 1,074

Total workers employed full time year round 2,325

Supplementary Workers Paid from Emergency Funds in Cities
Providing Regular Service

Cities reporting such workers 39^

Men workers employed 10,733

Women workers employed 7>288

Total workers employed 18,021

Cities reporting workers employed full time 9^

Men employed full time 9^5

Women employed lull time 5^6

Total employed full time •. ^A9^

Volunteers

Fewer persons were enlisted as volunteer
workers in 1934 than in the previous year
when volunteers contributed so greatly to the
leadership of community recreation activities.
A total of 9,529 persons were reported as vol-

unteeers in 257 cities. Of this group, 4,018 were
men and 3,709 were women, several cities re-
porting only the total number of leaders. It is
possible that much of the service rendered in

1933 by volunteer leaders was performed in

1934 by workers paid from emergency funds.

Playgrounds and Indoor Centers

Outdoor Playgrounds

The total number of outdoor playgrounds
under leadership in 1934 in the cities reporting
"regular" work is 8,384, as compared with 7,434
reported by all cities in 1933. This increase is
doubtless due to the fact that the many relief
leaders who were assigned for service with rec-
reation agencies enabled them to open a larger
number of playgrounds. The increase was es-
pecially marked in the case of the playgrounds
for colored people, the number of which rose
from 352 in 1933 to 465 in 1934, or a gain of
33 per cent.

The influence of supplementary emergency
leadership is also reflected in the periods dur-
ing which playgrounds were open under lead-
ership in 1934. Year round playgrounds were
conducted in many more cities than before and
the number open during the "summer and
other seasons" was nearly double that in 1933.

On the other hand, there were fewer play-
grounds reported open during the "summer
only." These figures seem to indicate that the
emergency leaders made it possible for recrea-
tion agencies to keep the playgrounds open for
a longer season.

In spite of the gain in the number of play-
grounds, the total number of cities conducting
them is less than in 1933. This may be ex-
plained in part by the fact that the 1933 figures
include playgrounds in a number of cities
where emergency leaders only were used
whereas such playgrounds are separately re-
ported in 1934. On the other hand, several cit-
ies which employed "regular" playground
leaders in 1933 used only emergency leaders
on their playgrounds in 1934. It is of interest
that the number of cities reporting playgrounds
for colored people is larger by 22 than in 1933.

Number of outdoor playgrounds for white and mixed groups (704 cities) 7.919

Open year round ( 163 cities) 1,561

Open during the summer months only (570 cities) 4,138

Open during school year only (67 cities) 473

Open during summer and other seasons (164 cities) i,747

Average daily summer attendance of participants (6,115 playgrounds in 507 cities) .... 1,491,835*

Average daily summer attendance of spectators (331 cities) 338,768*

Number of outdoor playgrounds open in 1934 for the first time (204 cities) 813

In addition to the foregoing, outdoor playgrounds for colored people are reported as follows :

Number of playgrounds for colored people (134 cities) 465

Open year round (43 cities) 127

Open summer months only (91 cities) 230

Open school year only (17 cities) 42

Open summer and other seasons (25 cities) 66

Average daily summer attendance of participants (198 playgrounds in yy cities) 42,186

Average daily summer attendance of spectators (58 cities) I5,935

Number of playgrounds for colored people open in 1934 for the first time (30 cities) . . 60

Total number of playgrounds for white and colored people (707 cities) 8,384

Total average daily summer attendance of participants and spectators, white and col-
ored (6,615 playgrounds) 2,010,581

Total yearly or seasonal attendance of participants and spectators at playgrounds for

white and colored people (7,542 playgrounds in 571 cities) 277,035,949

Total number of playgrounds for white and colored people open in 1934 for the first time 873

* In addition to this number, 14 cities report an average daily summer attendance of both participants and spectators at
302 playgrounds totaling 56,388.

Recreation Buildings

One hundred and fifty-eight more recreation were not carried on in 1933, and still others

buildings were reported open under leadership are vacant store, school or other buildings

in 1934 than the previous year and in 22 more which were equipped and used for recreation

cities. Some of these additional buildings are in 1934. The total number of attendances at

special recreation buildings open in 1934 for 571 recreation buildings by persons taking part

the first time, others are existing recreation in activities was almost forty million,
buildings in which programs under leadership

Number of recreation buildings for white and mixed groups (2400 cities) 872

Total yearly or seasonal attendance of participants (510 buildings in 174 cities) .. .37,648,107

In addition, recreation buildings for colored people are reported as follows :

Number of recreation buildings for colored people (53 cities) 63

Total yearly or seasonal attendance of participants (50 buildings in 42 cities).... 2,161,745

Total number of recreation buildings for white and colored people (253 cities).... 935

Total yearly or seasonal participants at recreation buildings for white and colored

people (571 buildings in 187 cities) 39,809,852

Indoor Recreation Centers

Under this heading are reported schools,
churches, city halls, social centers and other
buildings which are not used exclusively for
recreation but in which a recreation program
is regularly carried on under leadership. Like
the outdoor playgrounds, the indoor centers
show a marked gain both in number and in
attendance. The influence of the emergency
leadership available for service is indicated by
the fact that the greatest gain was in the num-
ber of centers open three or more sessions
weekly. In 1934, 2,593 such centers were con-
ducted by the agency reporting, or an increase
of 42 per cent over the previous year. The
centers open less than three sessions weekly

showed a considerable though smaller gain.

For the second consecutive year an effort
was made to secure iiiformation as to the cen-
ters provided by the agency reporting but in
which leadership is furnished directly by the
groups using them. Only 362 centers of this
type were reported out of a total of 4,246 in-
door recreation centers, as compared with 977
such centers reported in 1933. The reason for
this marked drop is not clear although it sug-
gests the possibility that groups which formerly
provided either paid or volunteer leadership for
their indoor activities are now taking advantage
of activities provided by the recreation agencies
under either regular or emergency leaders.

Centers Operated Under Leadership of Agency Reporting

Number of centers open 3 or more sessions weekly (268 cities) 2,593

Total yearly or seasonal attendance (2,240 centers in 206 cities) 27,931,224

Number of centers open less than 3 sessions weekly (160 cities) 1,291

Total yearly or seasonal attendance (709 centers in 120 cities) 2,734,009

Centers Operated Under Neighborhood or Other Leadership

Number of centersi open 3 or more sessions weekly (36 cities) 118

Total yearly or seasonal attendance (81 centers in 26 cities) 243,227

Number of centers open less than 3 sessions weekly (42 cities) 244

Total yearly or seasonal attendance (204 centers in 32 cities) 254,604

Total number of indoor recreation centers (356 cities) 4,246

Total attendance (3,234 centers in 272 cities) 31,163,064

Play Streets

Thirty-eight cities report a total of 299
streets closed for play under leadership. Only
39 of these streets in 8 cities were open in 1934
for the first time. Although comparatively

few in number, these play streets serve large
numbers of people as indicated by the fact
that 20 cities report an average daily attend-
ance of 11,894 participants at 126 centers.

Recreation Facilities

The following list of several important rec-
reation facilities indicates the extent to which
they were provided and used during 1934. Few
striking differences from reports of the years
immediately preceding are noted, either in the
number of facilities or participants. There
is a marked decrease in the number of persons
using ski jumps and toboggan slides and a
lesser decrease in the participation at golf
courses and indoor swimming pools. Since
charges are frequently made for the use of
these facilities, these decreases may reflect the
reduced income of many families in 1934. The
water shortage last summer was reported to

Facilities Number

Athletic Fields 1,61 1 (518)

Baseball Diamonds 3,838 (652)

Bathing Beaches 496 (235)

Golf Courses (9-holes) 149 (115)

Golf Courses (i8-holes) 194 (125)

Handball Courts 1,032 ( 158)

have prevented the use of pools and beaches in
several cities and this accounts in part for the
fact that fewer of these facilities were reported
than in 1933. Much of the money spent from
emergency funds in 1934 for the development
of recreation areas and facilities resulted in the
opening of new recreation facilities, especially
athletic fields, ball diamonds and tennis courts.
Throughout the following table the figures
in parentheses indicate the number of cities
reporting in each particular case and the fig-
ures in brackets indicate the number of facili-
ties for which information relative to partici-
pation is given.

Participants
per season
7,432,581 (169)
[476]
15,577,048 (224)

[1,652]
34,641,201 (92)
[228]
2,078,61 1 (64)

[88]
4,283,813 (79)
[133]

Number open in

1934 for first time

100 (61)

145 (67)

17 (15)

8 (7)

8 (8)

87 (23)

Facilities Number

Ice Skating Areas 1,787 (292)

Ski Jumps 86 (44)

Softball Diamonds 5.313 (554)

Stadiums 124 ( loi )

Summer Camps 125 (66)

Swimming Pools (indoor) 300 ( 1 18)

Swimming Pools (outdoor) 716 (330)

Tennis Courts 9,420 (625)

Toboggan Slides 213 (81 )

Wading Pools 1,117 (356)

Participants

Number open m

per season

1934 for first time

9,098,507 (122)

86 (28)

[702]

35,920 (13)

6 (6)

[21]

5.633,377 (231)

356 (104)

[2,090]

1,658,395 (28)

4 (4)

[34]

675,309 (33)

9 (9)

[68]

2,424,123 (59)

[119]

19,843,158 (171)

40 (37)

[426]

8,506,462 (247)

500 (106)

[4,915]

172,563 (21)

13 (6)

[49]

77 (37)

Management

The following tables indicate the number of
public and private agencies of various types
which conducted the recreation facilities and
programs appearing in this report. It should
be kept in mind that some of the individual
agencies serve a number of communities and
that in the case of several cities two or more
different agencies conducted activities and are
therefore included.

In the tables there are listed separately (i)
the number of agencies reporting regular ser-
vice in 1934 and (2) the number of agencies
which reported emergency service only. Emer-
gency relief organizations cooperated with the
managing authorities in a large number of the
cities which reported regular service. How-
ever, they are listed in the first column relat-
ing to regular service only where it seemed
evident that at least a part of the local recreation
service was directly administered by the relief
authorities. In the second column 218 emer-
gency relief administrations are listed as hav-
ing been in charge of the program in cities

where emergency service only was reported.
It is probable that in some of these cities the
responsibility for administering the program
was turned over to some other local authority,
although on the report submitted no such
agency was listed.

The following table indicates that recreation
service was carried on by a greater number of
boards of education and other school authori-
ties in 1934 than by any other type of agency,
either public or private. When the regular
service only is considered, the playground and
recreation commissions, boards and depart-
ments take first place. The table indicates that
a large number of school authorities undertook
some form of community recreation service
when emergency funds were made available
especially in states where the emergency rec-
reation program was administered by the state
education department. It also suggests that
of the private agencies, the parent teacher
association took the lead in sponsoring recrea-
tion programs financed by emergency funds.

Municipal

The forms of municipal administration in the cities reporting recreation service in 1934 are
summarized as follows :

Emergency
Regular Service

Managing Authority Service Only Total

Playground and Recreation Commissions, Boards, and Departments .... 210 17 227

Park Commissions, Boards, Departments, and Committees 209 9 218

Boards of Education and other School Authorities 190 157 347

Mayors, City Councils, City Managers, and Borough Authorities 103 16 119

* Municipal Playground Committees, Associations, and Advisory

Commissions 34 4 38

Park and Recreation Commissions, Boards, and Departments 31 2 33

Departments of Public Works 20 i 21

Departments of Parks and Public Property or Buildings 14 . . 14

Departments of Public Welfare 10 13 23

Swimming Pool and Bath Commissions 5 . . 5

Golf Commissions 4 .. 4

Departments of Public Service 3 . . 3

Forest Preserve Districts 3 . . 3

Other Departments 18 4 22

Emergency Relief Administrations 22 218 240

* These authorities administer recreation facilities and programs financed by municipal funds aUhough in some of the

cities it is probable that they are not municipally appointed. Many of these authorities function very much as
Recreation Boards and Commissions.

Private

Private organizations maintaining playgrounds, recreation centers, or community recreation
activities in 1934 are reported as follows :

Regular

Managing Authority Service

Playground and Recreation Associations, Committees, Councils, and

Leagues, Community Service Boards, Committees and Associations. ... 52
Community House Organizations, Community and Social Center Boards,

and Memorial Building Associations 33

Parent Teacher Associations 14

Y. M. C. A.'s and Y. W. C. A.'s 12

Civic, Neighborhood and Community Leagues, Qubs and Improvement

Associations 11

Welfare Federations and Associations, Social Service Leagues, Settle-
ments, and Child Welfare Organizations 10

Kiwanis Clubs 9

Women's Clubs and other women's organizations 8

Park and Playground Trustees 8

Industrial Plants 8

American Legion 6

Lions Clubs 5

Chambers of Commerce and Commercial Clubs 5

American Red Cross 5

Rotary Qubs 3

Men's Clubs and Lodges 3

Athletic Clubs 3

Churches 3

Boys' Work Organizations 2

Colleges and Universities 2

Miscellaneous 10

Emergency

Service

Only

Total

3
16

36
30

, ,

10
10

8
8

13
6
6

5
4
3
4
4
2

4
II

Agencies Reporting Full Time Year Round Workers

In the following table are summarized the
types of municipal and private agencies report-
ing one or more recreation workers employed
on a full time year round basis during 1934.
Since two or more agencies in a number of
cities report such workers, it should be kept
in mind that the figures indicate agencies
rather than cities. Only agencies reporting

regular service in 1934 are included.

No striking changes are observed in this
table as compared with recent years. A large
percentage of recreation boards, commissions
and departments continue to employ full time
year round recreation leadership, whereas rel-
atively few of the other types of agencies
employ recreation workers on this basis.

Municipal

Number of
Managing Authority Agencies

Playground and Recreation Commissions, Boards, and Departments 122

Park Commissions, Boards, Bureaus, and Departments 45

Boards of Education and oth^r School Authorities 23

Park and Recreation Commissions aild Departments 12

Municipal Playground Committees, Recreation Associations, etc 6

Departments of Public Welfare 6

City Councils 6

Departments of Parks and Public Property 3

Departments of Public Works 3

Swimming Pool and Bath House Commissions 3

' Combined municipal departments 7

Miscellaneous 7

Private

Number of
Managing Authority Agencies

Playground and Recreation Associations, Committees, Councils, and Community Ser-
vice Boards 22

Community Building Associations, Community House Boards, and Recreation Center

Committees 24

Settlements and Neighborhood House Associations, Welfare Federations, etc 7

Industrial Plants 6

Park and Playground Trustees 2

Churches 2

Miscellaneous 3

Finances

Expenditures totaling $20,668,459.37 sup-
plied from regular sources, either public or pri-
vate, were reported by 809 cities for the year
1934. In addition, $103,349.81 were reported
spent from regular funds, largely for facilities,
supplies or incidental service, in 191 cities con-
ducting emergency work only. The total ex-
penditures reported from regular funds are
only $302,741.53 less than the amount spent
from similar sources in 1933, although they
are far below the expenditures a few years pre-
vious. It is encouraging that during a year

when large emergency funds were made avail-
able for both the development of recreation
areas and for recreation leadership, there was
practically no decrease in appropriations, con-
tributions and other regular sources of income
for community recreation service. (The ex-
penditures reported from emergency funds in
all cities carrying on either regular or emer-
gency service total $21,092,821.04, an amount
greater than was reported spent from regular
funds.)

An analysis of the expenditures from regular

funds indicates that they have been spent equipment are only slightly higher. Upkeep,

largely for the operation and maintenance of supplies and incidentals account for a smaller

recreation facilities and programs rather than expenditure than in 1933.

for the purchase and improvement of recrea- -p^e following table show^s the amounts

tion areas. Total salaries for leadership show spent from regular funds for various purposes

no decrease as compared with 1933 and expen- in 1934. The figures in parentheses indicate

ditures for land, buildings and permanent the number of cities reporting.

In Cities Reporting In Cities Reporting In All Cities

Regular Service Emergency Service Only Reporting
Land, Buildings, Permanent

Equipment $2,314,294.68(312) $64,596.42 (47) $2,378,891.10 (359")

Upkeep, SuppUes and Incidentals... 3,189,155.99 (605) 35,813.28(150) 3,224,969.27 (755)

Salaries and Wages for Leadership. 6,406,896.30 (657) 6,406,896.30 (657)

For Other Services 5,020,987.96(375) 1,901.80 (12) 5,022,889.76 (387)

Total Salaries and Wages 12,219,528.08 (704) 1,901.80 (12) 12,221,429.88 (716)

Total Expenditures for Recreation

in 1934 •. 20,668,459.37 (809) ib3,349.8i (191) 20,771,809.18 (1000)

In addition to the amounts spent from regular funds, the following expenditures were
reported from emergency funds in cities carrying on some regular recreation service in 1934. In
contrast with the regular funds, a large proportion of this money was spent for the development
of facilities and areas.

Land, Buildings, Permanent Equipment $13,348,331.52 (195 cities)

Salaries and Wages for Leadership 3,029,149.56 (334 cities)

Total Expenditures 18,894,717.65 (465 cities)

Sources of Support

The sources from which regular funds were secured for financing community recreation pro-
grams and facilities are summarized in the following table. Receipts from fees and charges sup-
plement the sources in 247 cities.

Source of Support Number of Cities

Municipal Funds 656

Municipal and Private Funds 191

Private Funds 142

County Funds 169

Miscellaneous Public Funds 2

Miscellaneous Public and Private Funds 5

The amounts reported spent from various sources appear in the following table. Nearly
86 per cent of the total amount, the source of which was reported, was derived from taxation as
compared with 81 per cent from public funds in 1933. Of the balance less than eleven per cent
was secured from fees and charges and approximately 4 per cent from private sources.

Amount Number of Cities

Municipal and County Funds $18,147,831.13 658

Fees and Charges 2,235,707.88 247

Private Funds 761,291.79 257

special Recreation Activities

The following table shows the comparative
extent to which various activities are included
in recreation programs and also the number of
individuals participating. The number of cit-
ies in which these activities are carried on is
considerably greater than is indicated in this
table because many cities failed to submit this
information.

It is difficult to compare the following table
with similar tables published in previous Year
Books because of the variation in the cities
reporting the desired facts, the variation in the
number of cities reporting each item and the
various methods of recording participants in

activities in different cities. However, the increase
over 1933 in the number of individuals taking
part in art and craft activities, so pronounced as to
indicate a growing interest in these activities, is
all the more significant because a similar increase
was noted the previous year. Other activities in
which a marked growth in the number of indi-
viduals participating was reported are drama, hik-
ing, swimming and ice skating. Swimming is far
in the lead in respect to the number of different
individuals participating, with Softball second.

In the table which follows, the figures in
parentheses indicate the number of cities re-
porting the participants.

Activities • Cities

Reporting
Arts and Crafts

Art activities for children 305

Art activities for adults "136

Handcraft for children 464

Handcraft for adults 200

Athletic Activities

Archery 125

Badge Tests (NRA) 81

Baseball 652

Basketball 521

Bowling 119

Handball 215

Horseshoes 586

Soccer 252

Softball 625

Tennis 609

Volley Ball 518

Dancing

Folk Dancing 324

Social Dancing 246

Drama

Drama Tournaments 116

Festivals 146

Pageants 208

Plays 350

Puppetry 128

Number of Different
Individuals Participating

68,941 (138)
17,200 (66)

275,435 (223)
38,826 (no)

12,824

(62)

20,400

(41)

319,181

(301)

245,035

(281)

29,766

(55)

65.865

(74)

164,184 (288)

50,325

(104)

405,636 (295)

307,173

(265)

124,125

(238)

206,039 (151)
186,776 (116)

8,155 (50)

116,357 (67)

71,706 (88)

52,168 (183)

33,203 (59)

Music

Vocal 274

Instrumental 263

Nature Activities

Hiking , 324

Gardening 95

Nature Lore 152

Water Sports

Swimming 564

Swimming Badge Tests (NRA) 83

Winter Sports

Ice Hockey 140

Skating 279

Skiing 86

Tobogganing 89

Miscellaneous Activities

Circuses 1 38

First Aid 224

Forums, Discussion Groups, etc 97

Playground Newspaper 66

Safety Activities 225

227,578 (147)

20,488 (t47)

135,998 (168)
16,659 (52)
21,523 (67)

3,143.707 (224)
12,113 (45)

18,059 (58)

340,850 (102)

11,792 (29)

48,024 (25)

25,144 {72)

23,284 (106)

36,079 (44)

3,557 (27)

110,450 (85)

Recreation Service of Park, Recreation and
School Departments in 1934

The table of authorities responsible for the
management of recreation facilities and programs
indicated that approximately one-half of the 1600
agencies reporting in 1934 were school, park or
recreation departme,nts. In the reports from
many cities, the work of these departments was
combined with that of other agencies. However,
there were 633 reports which covered only the
recreation service in 1934 of one of these three
departments. These 633 agencies, although com-
prising only 40 per cent of the total agencies of
all types reporting, employed 65 per cent of all

recreation leaders, 67 per cent of the workers
employed on a full time year round basis and
were responsible for 70 per cent of the total ex-
penditures reported. They also conducted more
than one-half of all of the playgrounds and indoor
centers carried on under leadership in 1934.

Because these three departments play such an
important part in the total community recreation
service of the country, the following analysis has
been made to determine the expenditures, per-
sonnel and service rendered by each last year. It
is based on the reports covering only the service
of one of these three departments.

Park
Departments

Recreation
Departments

School
Departments

5.728

7.389

13,118

(197 cities)

47%

803
(102 cities)

51%
2,515

5,034
2,450

7.484
(259 cities)

27%

235
(20 cities)

15%

1.505

259

2,553

1.764

(190 cities)

(197 cities)

45%

31%

1,620

736

Recreation leaders

Number paid from regular funds 2,510

Number paid from emergency funds 4,845

Total number 7,355

(137 cities)

Percentage of total 26%

Number of recreation leaders employed full
time the year round and paid from regular

funds 530

(43 cities)

Percentage 34%

Outdoor playgrounds under leadership

Number in cities reporting regular service. . . . 1,358
Number in cities reporting emergency service

only ' 35

Total outdoor playgrounds ' i,393

(108 cities)

Percentage of total 24%

Recreation buildings and indoor recreation centers
operated under leadership

Number in cities reporting regular service. ... 834
Number in cities reporting emergency service

only 2

Total indoor centers 836

Percentage of total 24%

Expenditures for recreation service

From regular funds $7,174,570.67

From emergency funds 8,260,348.68

Total expenditures I5,434,9i9.35

(172 cities)

Percentage of total 53%

The above figures indicate that approximately Nearly one-half of the recreation buildings and

one-half of the workers employed by all three indoor centers reported were carried on under

departments, including total workers and those the leadership of recreation departments. Of the

employed on a full time year round basis, served remaining centers, school departments reported a

with recreation departments alone. Park and gijghtly larger number than park departments.

school departments each employed approximately ^^^^^ ^^^^ one-fifth of the' centers under school

the same number of recreation leaders but more .^^^ ^^^^ .^ ^j^.^^ reporting emergency ser-

than twice as many were employed on a full time . ,

vice only,

year round basis by park departments as were *

employed by the schools. In fact, only 15 per tvt .u 1 if ^ ..1. ^ j

. , , r „ • , , More than half of the money reported spent

cent of the total full time year round workers , . • , , , ,

, .^, , , , ^ \ for recreation service by the three departments

served with school departments. , , , ^ ,

Forty-five per cent of the outdoor playgrounds ^^« ^P^"* by park departments Only 10 per cent
reported by the three agencies were administered ^^^ ^^^"""^^^ ^P^"* ^^ ^^^°°1 authorities. The
by recreation departments. School departments amounts reported spent from emergency funds
conducted approximately two-thirds as many play- were slightly larger than those spent from regular
grounds as recreation departments. School de- sources by park and recreation departments. On
partments alone reported a considerable number the other hand, emergency funds accounted for
of playgrounds financed entirely through emer- only about 27 per cent of the total amount re-
gency funds. ported spent by school departments.

102

191

1,722

927

49%

27%

$5,096,030.33

$2,122,261.93

5,665,037.96

801,639.58

10,761,068.29

2,923;90i.5i

(198 cities)

(246 cities)

37%

10%

Tables

Playground and Community

Recreation Statistics

for

1934
In Cities Conducting Regular Service

PLAYGROUND AND COMMUNITY

Footnotes follow

STATE AND
CITY

Popular

tion

Managing
Authority

(Not Including
Emergency Workers)

Expenditures Last Fiscal Year
(Not Including Emergency Funds)

4-
1

Paid
Workers

Volun- 1
teer
Woikers |

1
•o
6
Z.

d.a

o
d

•s

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Upkeep,

Supplies

and

Incidentals

Salaries and Wages

Total

■s

For
Leadership

Other
Services

Total

->
1

Alabama

Birmingham

)irmingham,
(Environs of)'. .

259,678

400,000

5,800

38,000

66,079

9,000
10,000
48,118

5,517

1,706
35,000

7,000

7,273
2,811
8,000

35,000

100,000

4,750

22,000
2,995

40,000

32,000

10,997

90,000

17,429
10,000

3,118

2,250

40,000

53,000
13,000
62,736
4,000
21,000
142,000

1,293,329
2,307,104

Park and Recreation Board

Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad

2
1

1
1
1
1

1
1

17,808.43

6,500.00

30,988.35

37,488.35

55,296.78

M*P
M

M4P

MAP
P

M
M

P
MAP
MAP

M
M

MAP
M

MAP
M
M
M
M

M
M
M

C
C
M
M
M

P
M
M
M

M
M
MAP
M
M
M

MAP

M
M

'43
5

1,500.00

71.00

500.00

2,814.00

360.75
1,000.00

758.00

2,258.00

71.00

600.00

9,263.95

360.75
1,000.00

2,258.00

86.00

600.00

11,274.31

600.82
2,500.00

Emergency Relief Administration

15.00

100.00

2,010.36

240.07

Qadsden

Montgomery

Arizona

iisbee

1
1

6,449.95

1 City of Bisbee

1 School Board and Y. M. C. A

2
19

Department of Parks, Playgrounds and

22
1

1,509.05

26,064.97
1,750.00

8,200.00

8,416.23

8,658.28
150.00

10,796.21

19,454.49
150.00

29,379.77

26,214.97
51 750.00

14,699.68
1,320.00

167.60
286.00
625.00

1,400.00
750.00

4,160.00
500.00

5,000.00

7,900.00
22,000.00

14,783.86

12,363.44

56,295.35
20,400.00

City and Yavapi County Board of Pub-
lic Welfare

Safford

10
11

American Legion and E. R. A

City of Tucson and Recreation Corn-

....

13
14
15

900.00

120.00
255.00
150.00
900.00
750.00
300.00

420.00

1,320.00

120.00
255.00
150.00
900.00
750.00
1,400.00

Arkansas

47.60
30.00

School Board

2
1
3

1
1

Fayetteville

Fort Smith

Little Roclc

Morrilton

Pine Bluff

Trumann

California

Harmon Playfield Association

Department of Public Propwty

375.00

1.1

500.00

17
18
19
20

2,500.00

250.00

1,100.00

Park Board

[ Social Service and Recreation Board
I and Park Department

20
4

5,400.00

Alhambra

31
19

Department of Playground and Recrea-

. 3,039.13

1,216.07

10,649.63
5,000.00

8,418.73
4,411.82
34,775.70

3,326.00
1,875.00
9,834.36

11,744.73

6,286.82

44,610.06
15,400.00

Park Department and Citizens' R«crea-

4,860.55
. 1,035.66

City Recreation Dept. and Health Edu-
cation Dept., Board of Education. . .

2
5

'■i

Beverly Hills

Chico . . .

24
25

'>6

Bidwell Park and Playground Comnus-

Chino

**?

Recreation Association

151.25

300.00

200.00

600.00

651.25
2,000.00

3,024.70
38,968.00

414.00
16,406.00
11,000.00

812.00

'107,189.60

593,908.87
129,832.00
76,609.94

241,712.16

180.00

27,934.30

6,185.00

262,010.44

1,200.00
515.00

■•N

Compton

Fresno

Dept. of Rayground and Recreation,
Union Secondary School District* . . .

"ie

3
8

'2
2

766.30

5,446.00

75.00

2,900.00

4,500.00

312.00

2,094.40

15,677.00

314.00

7,545.00

164.00
10,920.00

2,258.40
26,597.00

314.00
8,505.00
6,500.00

500.00

79,673.51

425,238.67
121,900.00
62,032.50

172,015.94

180.00

732.00

3,035.00

180,397.35

700.00
425.00

?fl

6,925.00

25.00

5,000.00

Fullerton

Glendale

?''

City and School Board

960.00
6,500.00

Huntington Beach

Inglewood

Long Beach

Lc« Angeles

Los Angeles Co.'
Merced

City of Huntington Beach

Board of Education

163
132

500.00

Recreation Commission, Board of Edu-

111
141

16
81

31!

[ Playgr9und and Recreation Commis-

6,784.39

161,885.81
7,932.00
16,339.44

61,531.12

245,266.27
121,900.00

26.676.00
180.00
732,00

179,972.40

Board of Education

Board of Park Commissioners ......

8,238.00
8,165.10

52,032.50
145,339.94

County Department of Recreation

3
1
4
2
83

1
6
1

29
I
4
1

31^

8,500
13,847

■ otary Club

Modesto

Montebello

Oakland

5,498

284,063

13,583

9,OD0
6,000
15,000

80,000

9,975
11,000
23,000

3,517
14,177
20,000

30,000
93,685

Natatorium Department

6
114

7
3

1
30

1,200.00

1,950.00
81,613.09

500.00
90.00

165

108,489.91

500.00
425.00

71,907.44
200.00

Chaffey Union High School and Junior
College

Orange

411

Pacific Grove

Palo Alto

Pasadena

Piedmont

Pittsburg

Committee on Parks and Playgrounds. .

Community Center Commission

Department of Recreation, Schoo
\ District'^

7
5
2

18
76

27
756

4,122.09

2,076.00

34,428.47

500.00

12,390.44
21,567.50

2,796.00
4,168.50

15,186.44

25,736.00

66,711.29

5,126.00

500.00

600.00

390.00

19,308.53

27,812.00

103.306.30

7,326.00

500.00

1,680.00

506.40

3,152.73

34,088 41

"2,660.00

22,815.85
111,220.23

City and Park Department . . .

2,166.54
1,700.00

City Council

5,006.00
500.00
600.00
390.00

120.00

City of Pittsburg

4li

Park and Playground Commission

City of Red Bluff

1,180.00
116.40

Red Bluff

Redlands

Richmond

Riverside

Sacramento

6(]

Park Department.

.Advisory Park and Playground Com-
mission, City Manager and Schoo!
Board

1
24

4
1

1
14

6,034.21

9,279.07

500.00

7,931.00
30,607.85

5,932.00

2,160.00

2,070.00
30,114.40

13,843.13

19,775.13

2,160.00

14,884.85
74,111.67

Recreation Commission and County

E. R. A.»

Park Board

12,814.85
43,997.27

I Recreation Department ....

fi-.s'on'yi

RECREATION STATISTICS FOR 1934

the table

Playgrounds

Under
Leadership

!^>

t~-

•^

B
O

■s

Recreation
Buildings

3lj

Indoor

Recreation

Centers

Emergency Service

Paid

Leadership

Em-

ployed

Full

Time

"Z,

Expenditurea

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Leader-
ship

Total

Source of
Information

2,306,612

M2,159
12,900

15,600

895,910

30,000

<4,400
13,100
15,000
75,000

5,000
' 63,876

•730,770

272,313

34,560

1,556,378

'79,
993

221,

' ' ''31',

6,021,

13,599,
4,026,

7,688,102

'•2,587,
12,

611,294

76,

'4,

200,

lU.OOO
'^91,259

143,070

8,160

7,300

38,000

2,000

600

75,000

36,432
31,000
20,288

13,800
23,205

1,152,135

223,627

125,000

1,500
15,022

80,000

68,661

5,040

30,240
16,755

2,100

4,860

12,900

5,400

11,000

18,453

600

15,034

320

4,424
52,354

610,214

6,616,078

11,500

900

6,496

' 9,420

12,000

40,000

109

170

2297

1022

80,000.00

75,000.00

15,000.00

38,614.69

93,990.22
28,188.00

1,500.00

8,000.00
60,000.00

3,430.80
10,560.29

17,729.77

16,303.80

16,866.73

35,932.00

3,684.95

150.00

8,000.00

2,840.00

1,008.00

8,100.00

513.60

5,000.00
300.00

1,980.00

971.50

2,048.75

241.66

7,298.00

4,168.60
94,700.00

96,496.24
15,848.40

193,287.00

27,802.50
300.00

42,685.30

1,982.25
'8,'4'00'.00

15,791.63

115,932.00

3,784.96

450.00

8,000.00

75,000.00

40,000.00
5,240.00

85,049.48

93,990.22
28,188.00

i,600.00

1,500.00

5,000.00

8,300.00

60,000.00

1,980.00
4,402.30
75,915.97

400.00

7,298.00
18,811.5

4,168.50
94,700.00

248,361.04
15,848.40

193,287.00

187,157.60
300.00

50,218.00

176,336.90

1,982.25

8,400.00

15,791.63

16,866.73

F. G. Swaim. ..
A. S. Hotchkiss .

Mrs. Virginia Green . .

WiUa G. Strain

Mrs. H. Tyler Watts.
W. A. Gunter, Jr

Ralph L. Motz. .
R. E. Souers . . .
J. E. Carlson, Jr.

Laura E. Herron .

Grace M. Sparkes.
Howard Smith ....

Harold A. Patten.
Ike Lepoeky

Mrs. J. Bruce Street.

Paul B.Kays

Mrs. Charles M. Reinoehl

(V. H. Vaughn

J. W. Matthews

Carl C. Buchanan. . .

R. J. Rhinehart

H. Lewis

Mrs. Phyllis McCoekey,.
Earl Fry

Mrs. Helen G. Wentworth
Rudolph Boysen ....

Charles W. Davis .
H. D. McCary...

George P. Morse .
Levi H. Dickey . .
B. L. McCue...

Kenneth W. Mason. . .
Raymond L. Quigley .

Arthur L. Johnson

William A. Burr

Charles R. Furr

Lionel De Silva

Walter L.Scott.

George Hjelte..
C.L.Glenn...
J. J. Hassett. , .

James K. Reid . . .
Charles Wright...

H. E. Gragg

VancilE. Row...
R. W. Robertson.

FredH. Clapp

Mrs. L. L. Williams. .
C. W. Easterbrook . . .
Phillip A Brotherton. .

Cecil F. Martin

Gilbert L, Skutt

Mrs. Telura Swim. . .

H. L. Denham

C. Kenneth Smith. . .
EnviUe C. Spaulding. ,
W. T. Ferguson

I.W.Hill

H. E. Wilson and
G. W. Braden..

J. C. Cooper

J. B. Maloney . . . .

PLAYGROUND AND COMMUNITY

Footnotes follow

STATE AND
CITY

Poptila^
tion

Managing
Authority

Recreation Leadership

(Not Including
Emergency Workers)

Paid

Workera

O I-

Volun-
teer

Woi kera

Expenditures Last Fiscal Year
(Not Including Emergency Funds)

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Upkeep,

Supplies

and

Incidentals

Salaries and Wages

For
Leadership

Other
Ser\'ice8

Total

Calif— Cont.

San Bernardino. .
San Clemente

San Diego

San Francisco. . .

San Jose

San Mateo

Santa Barbara . . .
Santa Barbara Co.'

Santa Cruz

Santa Monica . . .

Stockton

Vallejo

Ventura

Ventura County*'

Whittier

Wilmar

Colorado

Boulder

Colorado Springs.
Denver

Fort Collins

Fort Morgan. . . .

Longmont

Loveland

Palisade

Connecticut

Ansonia

Branford

Bridgeport

Bristol

Danbury

Greenwich

Guilford

Hartford

Manchester

Meriden

Middletown

Milford

New Britain

New Haven. . . . .
New London ....

Norwalk

Norwich

Salisbury

Seymour

Shelton

Southington

Stamford

Stratford

Torrington

West Hartford...

West Haven

West port

Willimantic

Winsted

Delaware

Wilmington

Dist.of Col.

Washington .

Florida

Bartow

60
68

Clearwater

Coril Gables . . . .
Escambia Co." . .
Fort Lauderdale .

43,000
1,000

150,000

695,930
60,000
15,000
41,058
65,167
14,395
37,146

50,000
25,000
11,603

55,000
15,000
15,000

12,000
35,000

300,000

11,800

5,000

6,029

6,000

893

19,898
7,000

146,716
28,000
25,000
37,000
3,100

164,072
23,000
40,000
23,000
12,600

68,000

162,665
29,000

36,019

32,438
2,700
7,000

10,

10,000

60,000
22,000
27,000
26,000
25,808
6,000
11,000
10,000

106,597

486,869

6,000

8,000

6,000

22,312

8,666

E. R. A. and School Board . . .

3,027.00

2,426.00
2,178.61

8,366.14

4,185.55

131,763.59

36,386.00

2,916.44

300.00

150.00
2,543.68

17,600.00
16,157.14
17,442.56

450.00
2,543.68

46,190.16

16,357.14

290,937.30

135,905.00

8,685.44

1,725.00

7,000.00

8,824.84

5,903.00
4,722.19

65,492.35
25.542.69
601,811.47
171,291.00
13,256.02
27,404.84

Playground and Recreation Depart-

18
2
118
2
46
1
8

iio

■"8
3

109

35
2i

936.05
5,000.00
79,110.58

28,690.16

1,200.00

273,494.75

Board of Park Commissioners

1,754.14
1,027.00

8,585.44
1,726.00
7,000.00

1,120.0a
3,872.41

8,120.00'

200.05

8,824.84

12,697 JO

City of Santa Cruj

City and Recreation and Playground

14
5

8
3

"9
3

9
4
2

70,000.00
22,227.72
27,400.00
9,597.00

7,376.72
5,000.00

6,795.00
7,400.00

8,056.00

.14,851.00
7,400.00

15,000.00

City and School Board

'18
6

500.00

260.00

750.00

760.00
'200.00

1.250.00

39,260.71

18,799.47

8,694.12

93,000.00

770.00

2,000.00

9.551.40

1,650.00

100.00

'1,000.00
3,344.45

21,400.00

1,029.48

800.00

18,276.56

School Board

200.00

Department of Public Welfare

2
10

'20

1,250.00
877.40

1,250.00
29,450.88
13,328.84

8,160.12

31,500.00

600.00

2,021.03
2,421.20

7.788'.80

3,049.43

644.00

60,000.00

170.00

28,673.48
13,328.84

1 Memorial Golf Club Commission. . . .

23
10

8,150.12

1,500.00

600.00

1,600.00

30,000.00

Department of Public Works

2
3
3

3
12

2,100.00

1.600.00

1,200.00

100.00

1,500.00

1,350.00

100.00

200.00

150.00

1,000.00

1
67
3

1
67

5
11

1
9

10
34

10
6

10
1
3
2

1
4
4

1
4

1,777.03

2,750.00

245.48

500.00

6,646.36

1,667.42

10,000.00

784.00

300.00

11,616.94

1,667.42

18,650.00

784.00

300.00

12,630.20

8,650.00

Lions Club

1,113.26

School Board

Recreation Di\iBion, Park Department.
Recreation Center Committee

21
3
4
6

1
8

2
63

7
2

32.000.00
5,050.00
2,263.00
2,000.00

300.00
1,745.00

32,000.00
5,060.00
2,263.00
2,500.00

300.00
2,125.00

'32,000.00
19,936.00
15,933.72
5,500.00

300.00
2,760.00

12,751.22
8,456.15

1,100.00
1,994.72
5,500.00
2,160.00
666.00-

14,886.00

325.00
1,500.00

Department of Parks and Playgrounds .
Recreation Commission and Board of

1,600.00

600.00

Municipal Recreation Commission ....
/ Park Commission

635.00

380.00

1,086.22

\ Board of Education

413.81

100.00

147.42

2,900.00

40.00

6,666.32

1,000.00
1,847.30
2,600.00
2,120.00
440.00
300.00

1,376.02

8,042.34

1,000.00
1,847.30
2,600.00
2,120.00
440.00
300.00

Department of Public Works, School

5
15

Recreation Committee

Playground Association, Inc

'43

100.00
800.00

100.00

500.001
l,200.0n
14,186.89
6,306.00
7,155.00
2.822.00
4,209.00
2,170.00
2,874.90
302.72
440.66

20,971.06

62,614.32

"33,765.63
170,068.00

8,079.22

2,450.00

24,118.07

622.00

13,937.98

1
7
1
2

1
2
3
3

4
2
1
1

3.121.80
1,444.00
2,640.00

702.00
2,800.00

100.00

1,475.00

72.72

138.36

9,208.29

2,668.00

2,326.0(1

2,120.00

1,409.00

360.00

»J 699.96

144.40

302.30

6,613.03

1,855.80

394.00

1,870.00

11,064.09
3,062.00
4,195.00
2,120.00
1,409.00
1,520.00
1,399.96
159.40
302.30

6,613.03
52,214.24

\ Italian Center

1,800.00
320.00

Sterling Park Trustees

Town Plan and Cemetery Commission .

550.00

1,160.00

700.00

15.00

Park and Athletic Field Committee . .

Civics Committee, Woman's Club

Playground Association

1
2

19
119

70.60

Board of Park Commissioners

Community Center Department,
Public Schools

22
110

»52

10,400.08

National Capital Parks, Interior
Department

Department of Playgrounds

108

1
3

127

....

1
3

»50

16,150.00

1,210.81

600.00
6,324.43

134,660.00

720.00

1,800.00

3,800.00

522.00

1,337.09

19,268.00

2,648.41

150.00
11,493.64

163,918.00

3,368.41

1,950.00

16,293.64

522.00

7,197.09

City of Bartow

3,500.00

2,500.00

E. K. A. County Council

Department of Parks and Playgrounds

i,865.4i

4,876.48

5,860.66

M
M

M
M
M
M
M
M
M
C
M

M
M
M
M

C
M
M

P
M
M
P
M
M
M
M
M
M

M
M

M
M
M

P
MAP

P
M4P

M
M4P

RPXREATION STATISTICS FOR 1934
the table

Playgrounds

Recreation

Indoor

a
z

E
5

a
o

ca
m

J
a

s
e

a
Z

1
s

J
a

'a
s

1
z

Emergency Service

Source of
Information

Leadership

Buildings

Centers

Paid
Leadership

Expenditures

a
O

1
t

i
%

•3

■3

■s

ill

III

s
•3

•0

Em-
ployed

Full
Time

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
i^quipment

Leader-
ship

Total

6
•s

•B
d
Z

d
Z

■s

d
z;

49,049

32,559

. •

6
2

29
6
56
70
13
3
10

32,465.83

39,109.71

Glen H. Van Noy

William Holmes

W. A. Kearns

1,146,032

19,700.00

687,365.56

102,073.00

14,995.00

'i75

'245

A. S. Hill

"5,870,085

191,291

1
5

17
4
2
4

2
2

Veda Y. Conning

B. P. Lamb

102,073.00

12
2
6

12
2
13

220,975

62,846

12,500.00

Hugh C. Coleman

E. P. Wilsey

"2
4

1
1

183,575

91,198

19,998

'6,985.94

C. C. Christiansen

Frank E. Dunne

S. A. Evans

()

1
2
3

15
9
4

•6

12
7
4

1,150,743
235,971

25,000
15,000

5,000
21,170

500,000

1
2
3
3

1
2

1
1

1
I

10
9
8
6

145
5

78
4

50,000.00

Frank P. Holborow

4
2

2
2

300

25,030.00

30,000.00

Sabin W. Rich

20,000

H. A. Johnson and

G. W. Braden

(V.K.Cobb

Verne S. Landreth

John C. Holt

20
4

1
12

13
14

32,500
80,000

1
4

3,500.00
1,800.00

614.00

3,500.00
l,8D0.O0

614.00

1fi

3
15
2

30
67

Rudolph Johnson

1 Humphrey Saunders . .

vVillard N. Greim

A. W. Finley

3
4

i
1

•36

570,417

4
10

16
26

12
3

1,051.60

1,051.60
30,003.00

11,700

Bernard M. Joy

vVorks Department

B. J. Siebel

■>(!

... ..........

2
2

6
.2
6

2,O0D.OD

9,48J.O0

1
1

■)■>

1
2

50,000
20,000

18,000.00
1,500.00

C. A.Flanders

L. C. Osborn

''4

n,ooo

Mrs. Fillmare Duncan. .

Andrew F. Nolan

H. C. Brazeau

•'I

2
I

4,500.00

3
9
5

!.3

9
5

1
15

3,8S4

n22,518

•18,000

40,000

286,258

19,371

?«

1,719

3
1

R. A. Leckie

A. C. Hitchcock

Charles T. Musson

James S. Stevens

Leslie L Dudley

James H. Dillon

Frank C. Busch

Oscar L. Dossin

P.M. Kidney

2")

46,890

26
1
13

39,577

522.31

1,082.21

10
3
4

1
9

22
3
4
8

1
9

''1,459,366
187,500
50,000
45,000

3,500
'110,000

5
2

28
4
2
2

1
6

1
1
2
1

2
i

...

34
4
1
4

88,000.00

375,000

3
3

78,000.00

2,000

1
2

5,000
2,000

12,820.64

150.00
1,622.30

12,970.64
1,738.59

5,000.00
300.00

MaryE. CampbeU....

Harold V. Doheny

Henry J. Schnelle

George E. Watters

Joseph F. Andrews

Matthew J. Sheridan . . .

W. R. Hemmerly

F. B. Towle

37
1R

4
10
U

1
2

26
7

11
10
11
3

1
2

164,785

65,532

7
2

57,343
75,000
<9,000
20,000
12,375

6,500

300.00

1
1

6,030
3,500

4,1

150.00

■ 360.00

George W Anger

B T Noble

4.'i

1
5

149,454

1
1
1

10,422

24,000

2,350

10,000

30,635

Edward J. Hunt

3
2

1
1

286.60

1
2

1
1
1
1
1

S H Bunnell

1
1

1
I
1

33,000

8,400

Rose K. Eagan

H. J. Salmonsen

,Valter N. Seranton

Thomas H. Leonard ....

Mrs. A. C. Persons

Edith N. C. Wolf

Edward R. Mack

Mrs.EliiabethK.Peeplea

C. Marshall Finnan. . . .
Sibyl Baker.

4f)

9
6
6

<4,500
16,530
<4,107
7,060

524,307

1
1

6,435
66,805

2
6

1
14

1
I

1
5

4
4

88
33

e
1

2
11

140,525
844,187

594.00

3,495,273

16,000

30,000

17,225.00

161,785.00

54,150.0(

45,000.0(

H.OOO.W

928.0(

5(1

54,1S0.0C

45,000.0(
14,000.0C

George J. McNemee and
W. A. Dougherty. . . .
) Ralph B. Van Fleet....

) E. M. Williams

) N. E. Branson

lO.OOC

5,000

20,000

57
58

5fl

18,18C

4,600

9,800

...

928.0(

Alwen Neuharth

PLAYGROUND AND COMMUNITY

Footnotes follow

STATE AND
CITY

Popula-
tion

Mana^ng
Authority

Recreation Leadership

(Not Including
Emergency Workers)

Expenditures Last Fiscal Year
(Not Including Emergency Funds)

•t-

1
S

•s

Paid

Workers

Volun-
teer
Woikers

o
d

•s

3T3

d.i

•0

Land,
'Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Upkeep,

Supplies

and

Incidentals

Salaries and Wages

Total

>•

For
Leadership

Other
Services

Total

■s

Florida— Cont.

Green Cove Springs

Jacksonville

lAlteland

Lake Wales

Miami

1,719

146,300

24,400

3,401

110,637

7,500

1,600

33,000

7,000
32,000

48,000

10,000

8,380

105,000

26,000

3,646

25,631
270,366
60,342
41,331
72,000
85,000

9,400
8,206
3,800

31,154
50,000
52,315
35,000

12,298

12,000

1,461

12,600

3,376,438

22,320
66,000
4.000,000
67,500
10,090
37,000
64,000

23,000

30,000

6,500

25,130
12,000
12,000
18,000
70,000
12,000
8,000

27,100
6,500
. 12,800
28,000
33,000
5,118
63,000
15,840
10,000

108,900
. 9,000

9,623.27
5,715.59
2,625.00

59,623.27
66,579.33
20,153.50
3,600.00
24,170.00
20,887.56
21,000.00
700.00

22,851.96

M
M
M
M
M
M
M

M
M
M
M

P
M

MAP
M
M

M
M
M

M
M

P
M
M
M
M

M
M

P
M
C
M&P
M
P

M
M

M
M
M

P
MAP
P
M
M
M
P
M

MAP
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

Playground and Recreation Board

18
3
1

U
1
3

7
1
1
3

19
3
1
7
1
3

12
S

■ 4
S

12,686.32
7,670.50

24,507.50
3,600.00

23,670.00
6,258.00

48,177.50
9,858.00

Park Committee, City Council

f Department of Recreation

4,000.00
1,430.93
4,000.00

9,000.00
6,311.38
6,500.00

11,170.00
13,145.25
10,500.00

\ Department of Public Service

Department of Public Recreation

Park Cnmmifwinn

2,160.00
7,000.00

10,985.25
3,500.00

6
7
8

Miami Beacli

Mount Dora

Recreation Department and Athletic

14,064.97

4,319.61

3,839.50

627.88

4,467.38

Palatka

9
10

City of Palatka

Pensacota

St. Petersburg

Sanford

City Manager and Municipal Goll

2
6

1
5

1
3

1,141.02

1,701.66
1,280.00

3,390.00
6,320.00

4,658.80

8,048.80
6,320.00

10,891.48
7,600.00

12
13
14
15

Recreation Bureau

'50

City of Sanford

!•>

1
8

"6
2

1
8

3,074.25
10,017.42

1,650.00
13,415.52

2,520.00

5,200.00
7,127.44

6.850.00
20,542.96

2,520.00

9.924.25
35,560.38

27,520.00

4,701.20

Tampa

5,000.00
25,000.00

West Palm Beach.
Winter Park

Georgia

Recreation Department, F, E. R. A.

and Recreation Commission

Park and Recreation Board, City and

E. R. A

17
18

19
20
21
22

23
24
25

26
27
28
29

Atlanta

Park Department

8,004.03

/ 4,734.51

2,914.99

1.539.03

1,800.00

650.94

55,456.32
19,012.10
2.287.62
8,244.00
5,917.35

68,194.86
17,927.09

3,826.65
10,044.00

6,568.29

2,500.00

3,555.83
2,287.62
8,244.00
5,197.35

11,456.27

Columbus

Playground and Recreation Association

1
3

Savannah

Idalio

720.00

Park Board

1
3

1
7

Preston

City Council

8
17
3

1
1

1
2

....

12
3

2,000.00

800.00

7,089.05
1,425.00

1,200.00

8,163.56
4,587.36
3,633.90

200.00

600.00

4,085.06
1,237.50

1,800.00

12,248.62
5,824.86
3,633.90

200.00

4,600.00

19,337.67
21,515.94
15,439.00

300.00

?•)

Illinois

Alton

Playground and Recreation Commission

Aurora . .

14,266.08

Berwyn ■. . .

Recreation Commission

1
10

Bloomington

Calumet City

Canton . .

Fell Avenue Community Playground
Committee

30
31
32
33

13
2

Township Park District

13,193.50

300.00

4,265.00

182,939.30
435,000.00
210,235.00

604,927.00

1,600.00

40,986.65

Carpentersville . . .
Cedtralia

Chicago^

Chicago Heights . .
Cicero

Department of Recreation

34
119
31

18
46
37

«0

52
65
62

121

1
2

1,100.00

23,000.00
25,490.00
11,390.00

31,500.00

500.00

23,206.65

2,965.00

95,739.30
150,560.00
104,980.00

256,347.18
1,000.00

200.66

64,200.00
258,950.00
93,865.00

149,924.82

3,165.00

159,939.30
409,510.00
198,845.00

406,272.00

1,000.00

17,780.00

Bureau of Parks, Recreation and Avi-
ation, Department of Public Works

West Chicago Park District

Bureau of Recreation, Board of Edu-

167,155.00

35
36

iff,

Clyde Park District Commission

Forest Preserve District of Cook County

Pines Community Association

Park District

Cook County". . . .
Decatur

38
39
40
41

300.00

4,300.00

200.00

4,500.00

4,800.00

Elgin

Summer Playground Association

Park and Playground Committee, City

36
.5

19
2

9
5

79.73
1,980.00

300.00
9,130.00

300.00
10,580.00

379.73

13,085.00
7,500.00
7,500.00

14,800.00
6,300.00

2,000.00

1,050.00

3,400.00

17,000.00

Evanston

Freeport

525.00
4,000.00

1,450.00

Park Board

/[I

Galesburg

Parks Board

Municipal Playground Committee

[ Park District

1
1

....

5,227.00
3,000.00

1,920.00
300.00

7,653.66
, 1,500.00

9.573.00
1,800.00

Granite City

Harrisburg

Highland Park....
Jacksonville

1,500.00

[ General Steel Castings Corporation . .
School Board, District No. 43

i\t\

300.00

750.00
2,500.00

1
2

1 East Park District

Park Board

49
50

Bureau of Recreation and Park Board. .
Civic Club

1
3

16
1
1
2
2
5
6
6
1
7

12
2

"4
3

8,100.00

200.00

85.00

9,500.00

3,178.00
230.00
32.60

2,590.69
306.33

2,400.06

415.00

2,500.00

4.899.00
200.00
120.00

3,830.00
933.35

2,400.00

415.00

10,500.00

6,026.00
200.00
120.00

4,615.00
933.35

'10,700.00

500.00

20,000.00

9,204.00
450.00
152.60
7,205.59
4,742.68
3,300.00

32,460.83
1,200.50
7,000.00
5,400.00

47,998.36
1,430.17

La Grange

Lake Forest

La Saile, Peru and

Oglesby

Lawrenceville

Lincoln

Vlaywood

Cil

Park Board

8,000.00
1,127.00

La Salle-Peru Township Social Center. .

IJity Council and Civic Groups

Board of Education

*!?

'^1

»5
'6

Playground and Recreation Board

Park Board

6
7
6
15

785.00

"is

3,503.00

*j7

Sf aperviUe

Oak Park

Ottawa

Park Ridge

City Council and Y. M. C. A

Playground Board

'iS

11,482.60

75.00

2,000.00

400.00

8,926.06

272.67

8,852.25
1,125.50

12,126.00

20,978.25
1,125.50
4,003.00
5,000.00

26,496.31
1,142.50

Park District

1,000.00

/ Recreation Commission

28
2

5,000.00
6,819.33
1,132.50

61 Peoria

Pleasure Driveway and Park District
Playground and Recreation Board

12,575.99
15.00

19,676.98
10.00

62 River Forest

fi'

RECREATION STATISTICS FOR 1934
the table

Playgrounds

Recreation

Indoor

Recreation

Centers

M
a

3
Z

a
3

M
a

X
A

"o
O

i
1

z
1

f
.a

£
a
3
z

■§

a
3
z

Emergency Service

Source of
Information

Leadership

Buildings

Paid
Leadership

Eipenditures

•B

3
O

a
O

1
1

g
o

Ill
H o5

l|j

a
1

■s

•3

Em-
ployed

Full
Time

6 d

z z

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Leader-
ship

Total

■3

d
Z

4
13
5

6
13

2
2
2
3
4

8
1

19
8
4

4
4
10

4
4
5

4
1
1

19,910.74

669.15

1,710.00

373.90

30,239.51

16,990.00

3,803.66

43,000.00

Franliye Bufltin

Joseph E. Byrnes

W.W. Alderman

Miss E. D. Quaintance. .
E. E. SeUer

659,391
45,500

26,563
39,000

17,110
576

1
"h

3
4

3,429.76
43,000.00

3
4

171,991

72,000

1
1

3
5

335,363
9,000

1
1

2
2
3

1
2
9

2
1

16
4

11
3
8

8,500.00

800.00

11,300.00

J. B. Lemon

Shirley Shonenberger —

C. L. Varner and J. L.

10,000

117,300.00

1
1

G. D. Bogue

2
11

1
4

5,760
112,680

Julian OlBen and

J. E. Frenkel

P. V. Gahan

]]

101,385

349,829

6,500.00

7,500.00

10
11

James Noughton

J. E. Richards

1
7

9,000
25,000

2,400

"36
16
4

■'28
24

'9,921.77

3,549.60

150.00

'9,92Y.77

24,279.21

160.00

24
8
3

627,034
300,300

23
2

60,400
13,000

Cordelia B. Hunt

G L Ash

|(i

20,729.71

!«>

J. Lee Hame, Jr

Mrs. E. D. Byrd

George I. Simons

Annie Mae O'Connell. . .

4,028

14
5

"6
3

77
13
12
16
4

4
9
11
13

<4 65,686
'106,528
273,744
416,202

1
1

1
2
3

4,100

9,146

35,516.40
3,962.06

192.00

36,708.40
3,952.05
1,840.45

2,000.00

"f)

Mrs. WilmaE. BeggB...
H. S. Bounds

20,160

1,497.25

2,000.00

W. P. Hughes

John G. Bernard

L. E. Hansen

'■t

1
1

8
6
3

1
2

5
1

2
4

2
8

4,000.00

800.00
913.00

5,400.00
4,721.40

'ft

301,247

2
1

8,532

1
1

10,980
300

Russell J. Foval

■"fi

6
3

2
4

<13,927

Annette M.Terdina....
F. R. Sack

■"R

?(1

1
6

9()

40,000

2
3

1
2

16
85
13

2
1

6
10
2
4

40
360
108

2
12

5
14

1
1

Edward Fedosliy

L H Gillet. .

G. R. Adams

'i3

36
62
16

104
1

119,661

•5,684,432
'1,655,000
10,297,038

8,666,705

40,000

552,000

34,974

21,340

11
25
16

3
3

10
21
12

2,400.00

2,560.00

176,726.43
53,000.00
600,000.00

6.126.00
6,240.00
1,945.99

Edgar A. Drake

Theodore A. Gross

V. K. Brown

167,405.49

19
16

7,557,880
10,297,038

250
20

100
20

43
12

50,000.00

600,000.00

William J. H. Schultz. . .
Herman J. Fischer

5,856.00
6,240.00

3'i

2
3

45,000
78,248

1
3
1
2

'^'i

2
3

1,945.99

Edward J. Pad

John B. Morrill

Freda S. Combe

Esther M. Barton

Champ J. Stoakes

Charles T. Byrnes

Norman C. Sleezer

D. C. Bunker

J. A. WUliams

R. E. Frohardt and
H. D. Karadjeff

30
13

3
2
3

'180,000

3,000

7,000

1,200.00

1,300.00

11
3

14
3

'15,486

244,650
94,200

32,000

239,193

14
14
8

' 27

24,563.21

24,563.21
30,000.00

30,000.00

1
1

1
4

160.00
1,600.00

160.00
1,500.00

Roscoe Pulliam

George Scheuchenpf lug

Ernest C. Savage

P. H. Slocum

0. C. Stcnger

12,000

, 2

2,300

25,000

1
I
8
2
1

1
"2

2i
4
5

4
2
2
8
10

1
1
1

1
1
1
2

4<t

16,200

74,500.66

74,600.00

4
3

1
1
3
5
6
2

3
15
6
2
5
5

20,000
50,000

66,361
50,000

R. H. Peters

Howard Fellows

D. V. Peacock

1
1

155,591
250

i
4

4
3
2

1
1
2

600.00
268.80
783.96

.'i4

D. F. Nichols

112,961
31,405

6,426

VV. C. CoUisi

Alice L. Samuelson

Oliver W. Strubler

Josephine Blackstock . . .

0. J. Christmann

R L Baird.

19,784.00

1.490.30

21,496.28

713,413
15,000

72,117

2,442.00

9,612.49

5(t

■ifl

"7
2

2
6

2
6
1

12,000
'65,000
50,000

47,900

Walter B. Martin

E. L. Peterson

23
6

3,302.40

3,802.40

7,500

4,500

Wmiam C. Ladwig

PLAYGROUND AND COMMUNITY

Footnotes follow

STATE AND
CITY

•

Popular
tion

Managing
Authority

Recreation Leadership

(Not Including
Emergency Workers)

Expenditures Last Fiscal Year
(Not Including Emergency Funds)

1
1

•s

Paid
Workers

Volun-
teer
Woikcrs

•s

6
!5

1
d

g
S
o
d

a
1

"S
d

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Upkeep,

Supplies

and

Incidentals

Salaries and Wages

Total

For
Leadership

Other
Services

Total

■3

111.— Cont.

Rockford

^ock Island

85,864

37,953
1,150

5,377

71,824

4,200

. 13,000

40,000

7,500

17,000

117,373

12,500

40,000
10,000

9,000
10,000

5,156

55,000
103,000
115,000

15,000
400,000

12,000
6,400

15,755

700

28,630

1,638

14,000

5,500

30,000

600

8,990
20,000

1,200

4,000
7,362

56,000
26,726
42,048

60,751
3,905

146,000

4,960

1,021

5,000

15,342

15,000

4,000

23,000

11,560

28,800

79,183
46,000

12,756
16,198
5.500
121,857
15,000
15,000
1,800

f Park District

1
4
1

2,337.50

1,200.00

3,623.82

150.00

1,600.00

2,337.50

2,500.00

4,114.15

160.00

4,619.98

22,828.07

2,500.00

4.8.59.41

810.00

6,603.09

P
M
M

P
M
M
M
M
M
C
P
M

M&P

M
M&P

M
M
M

M
M&P

M&P
M
M

P
MAP

P
M&P

M
M
M
M
M

M&P
M
M

M&P

M
M

M
M
P
P
P
P
P
M
M&P
M
M
M

M
P
M

M4P
M&P

I Booker T. Washington Community
I Center" . .

1
1

6
3

7
3

1,300.00
490.33

Playground and Recreation Commission

18
1

745.26
50.00

1,983.11

610.00

St. Charles

Springfield

Sycamore

Urbana

Henry Rockwell Baker Memorial

Community Center Board

Park Board

3,119.98

Playground and Recreation Commission
[ Memorial Community Center Asso-

5,471.80

3,092.44
2,547.27

18,028.20

1,042.14
200.00

18,028.20

2,007.66
3,356.61

23,500.00

5,100.10
11,927.98

965.52
3,156.61

1 Park Board

6,024.10

Waukegan

WhpAton

13
3

12
4
5

8
1
4

800.00
1,700.00
1,436.11

325.00
7,459.00
4,781.06

2,700.00

2,700.00
2,600.00
7,694.66
2,398.00
11,760.00
17,690.01

3,500.00
4,300.00
9,130.69
7,446.80
22,209.00
22,471.07

36,573.03
3,381.77
3,838.20
6,097.14

1,375.00

53,300.00

27,223.00

13,260.20

7,700.00

6,000.00

63,556.73

1,685.00

3,800.00

2,300.00

11,810.00

100.00

1,486.00

3,806.99

'4,500.00
1.100.00
1,500.00
3,400.00

Park District

Wilmette

Winnebago Co.^ . .

Winnetka

Indiana

Anderson

Bedford

Playground and Recreation Board

County Forest Preserve District

/ Community House, Inc., Board

1 Park District

7,402.75

201.80

4,723.80
3,000.00

!350

7,450.00

4,300.00

Board of Park Commissioners

1
7

27
3
3
4
1

13
3
1
4

28
3
4
6

900.00
"3,500.00

1,348.69

128.20

1,679.23

1,000.00

500.00
2,159.0-3

810.03

210.00

4,417.91

375.00

2,800.00
10,638.00
6,934.06
4,480.00

323.05

1,133.08

210.00

4,417.91

375.00

2,800.00
18,064.00
6,934.06
4,900.00

....

1
4

...

Columbus

Decatur . .

Woman's Club and Parent Teacher

East Chicago

Evansville

Fort Wayne

Huntington

Indianapolis

Jefferson vilie

Kendallville

La Porte

Recreation Division, Department of
Public Parka

1
2

Recreation Department, Park Board. .

j Board of Park Commissioners

\ The Wheatley Social Center"

Board of Works and School Board ....

7,000.00

7,426.00

800.00

2,000.00

420.00

1,431.63

18,083.14

641.00

2,000.00

23,389.63
864.00

20,662.33
180.00

44,041.96
1,044.00
1,800.00
2,300.00
6,660.00

City of Kendallville

....

2
2

2,300.00
2,560.00

1 Civic Auditorium Advisory Board . . .

5,150.00

4,100.00

Mishawaka

Pendleton

Peru

172.00
1,669.30

1,660.00
600.00
150.00

1,224.00

90.00
2,137.69

1,314.00
2,137.69

2,840.00

600.00

1,360.00

1,800.00

Park Board

y. M. C. A. and School and Park

3
1
7
1
1
1
4
1

2
1
4

2
2

2,840.00

200.00

1.350.00

1,800.00

Plymouth

Richmond

Speed

Wabash

Park Board

300.00

i School Board

\ Townsend Community Center"

Louisville Cement Corporation

1
2

524.50

986.40
12,000.00

721.00
8,000.00

856.00
11,000.00

1,577.00
19,000.00

3,087.90

31.000.00

1,850.90

1,500.00
6.000.00
8,954.00
4,154.00
6,722.10

Whiting

Zionsville

Iowa

1,200.00

300.00

Cedar Falls

Cedar Rapids

Clinton

397.00

384.00

3,675.00

961.82

456.30

1,265.92

6,369.35

1,225.83
3,313.70
1,781.18

7,596.18
3.313.70
1,781.18

Park Board

Council Bluffs ... .
Davenport

Parent Teacher Association, Chamber
of Commerce and School District . . .

1
5

3
&

2,000.00

2,000.00
22,418.55

10,000.00
29,467.07

1,722.16

5.326.36

22,418.56

American Legion and Fire Department
[ Playground and Recreation Commis-

Des Moines

Estherville

Fonda . .

13,017.00

1,620.00
I 23,842.86

14,537.00
23,842.86

14,537.00

60,700.49

1,430.00

660.00

300.00

2,240.00

2,500.00

1,200.00

700.00

480.00

29,875.00

10,764.65

[ Park Board

19,864.28
590.00
500.00

16,993.35

2
1
1

1
2
3
2
1
1
37

160.00
150.00
865.00
2,000.00
800.00

160.00

260.00

940.00

2,000.00

1,200.00

50.00
600.00
500.00

100.00
76.00

4(1

Iowa City

Keokuk

Recreation Board . .

1
1
2

10
2
4

25
6
2

700.00

Friendly House Community Center. . .

American Legion Post No. 298

Y. M.C. A.andY. W.C. A

Marion ....

400.00

4ti

Mason City

480.00
1,000.00
6,686.50

480.00
1,376.00
8,895.89

Ottumwa

Sioux City

W'aterloo. . .

Y. M C A and Park Board

25,000.00

3,500.00
1,868.76

375.00
3,309.39

/ School Board

(IS

1 Park Board

1
1
2

5,000.00

1,200.00
200.'00

1,550.00

250.00

1,800.00
400.00

8,000.00
"600.00

Kansas

.Arkansas aty

Coffey vilie

Concordia

Kansas City

Lawrence

Parsons ,

Smith Centre

,5.1

lY.M.C. A..._

125.00

440.00

25.00

1,756.00

1,900.00

75.00

516.00

25.00

1,756.00

1,900.00

300.00

640.00

>25.00

3,607.66

2,100.00

1,900.00

400.00

1
3
4

1^8

3
2
1

386,85

1,464.81
200.00

.51

ftO

School Board

8
1

6
1

Board of Park Trustees

100.00

300.00

RECREATION STATISTICS FOR 1934

the table

Playgrounds

Recreation

Indoor

Recreation

Centers

B
3

•3
.s

D
■§"

1
1

a
3

<S
•0

a
z

s
3
z

'a
a
'E

1
Z

-a

■§

J
Z

Emergency Service

Source of
Information

Leadership

Buildings

Paid
Leadership

Expenditures

o
o

a
§

1
1

I.
g

1
eg

o
•a
fc
a

3
CO

1
El

III

a
z

111

l!l

g
Z

Em-
ployed

Full
Time

J 1

"s ■s

d 6

z z

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Leader-
ship

Total

*o
6
7,

1
4

1
4
1

209,482

1
1

9,600

2
6

900.00
1,179.59

900.00
2,619.59

'72,834
2,750

1
1

Melville H. Hodge

William Redd

Robert F. Munn

71,404

2
»36

245,608

1
1

5,675

48,675

!»2

38]

»4

6,800.00

John E. MacWherter . . .

Mrs. J. S. Halsted

S. M. Henderson

W. C. Noel

6,000.00

61,320

12
5
2

'25
3

"io

800.00

' '2,900.00
1,200.00

900.00

'4,464.52
8,128.13

Al. G. Groeche

J. L. D. Langan

Daniel M. Davis

T. G. Lindquist

George C. Getgood

H. L. Woolhiser

34,325

50,403

6,928.13

s'o'ooo

1
1

6
3

1
1

7
4
4
4

4
2

11
4
2
4

5
1
1

1
2
2

67,167
26,000
33,270

2,500

3,800.00
5,000.00

James J. Crossett

E. A. Brunochler

Walter M.Hall

Arthur R. Holthouse

F. V. Merriman

39,818

2
3

1
1
1

5
2

10
"2

10
12
15
1
4

36
3

210,660

230,000

197,142

15,154

1
1

37,785
10,000

290,210
18,000

13,352.00

15,000.00

394.00

300.00

13,352.00

22,000.00

394.00

300.00

12
15
1
3
36
3
4
2
1
1
7

Carrie .\. Sniveiy

Edgar J. Unthank

Zach T. Dungan

H. W.Middlesworth....
S. Harlan Vogt

35,871

5,000

274,644

2,753

1
2

1
5

'647,612
147,000

800.00

800.00
2,050.00

■ 1

?.■)

'54,034
12,500

100,000

W. A. Goering

800

Hardy R. Songer

J. I. Fetters

?ft

117,729

J. H. Walker

1
6

15,000
10,000
48,283

C. Y. Andrews

?fl

Arthur F. Becknell

L. H. Lyboult

1
1
1

25,000

Mrs. Julia W. Partner...

Jesse G. Dorsey

W C Mills

11,000
300,000

81,400
12,000

3
6

Ifl

1
1

M P Weaver

2
3

W. K. Voorheea

Mrs. Clare Nichola

Ed Stpfan

125,000

12,840

3
3

3,199.50

7,320.60
17,673.00
19,727.30

10
12

18,477.30

L. P. Hannaher

Otto A Wur!

6
3

...

6
3

'9,000
130,428

1,450

7
6
2

'47
4

2
3

0. E. Johnson

C. 0. E. Boehm

2
1

'285,200

8,814

1
1

■'2

1,300.00

1,300.00
133,233.40

" " '600.00

Kathryn E. Krieg

133,233.40

P V T.inkp

4«<

1
2

John C. Truesdale

1
2

4
2

425i00

625.00

3,000

12,000

Mabel V.Sones

Z N Lundv

4f)

85,600

E. M.Karges

P A Handke

1
17

1
9

1
1

E. J. Eigenmann

John E. Gronseth

H.C.Kingsbury

Gordon R. Speers

Jamee F. Clough

OrviUe E. Steffens

ThelmaC. Mifflin

E. B. AMbaugh

361,984

19,750

3,150.00

1
»1

24
11

106,420

1,080.00

1,500.00
2,100.00

2,100.00

'1,200
9,600

5«

1
1

15
4

128,000
10,000

4
2
1

8
2
2
1

32
10

"i
1

17,280.00

30,680.31
' ■ ■ ■ '2'4'o.o6

5(1

E. A. Wood .

(in

C J Mills

fli

3. C Stevens

PLAYGROUND AND COMMUNITY

— 1

Footnotes follow

STATE AND
CITY

t -

Popula-
tion

Managing
Authority

Recreation Leadership

(Not Including
Emergency Workers)

Expenditures Last Fiscal Year
{Not Including Emergency Funds)

•s

Paid
Workers

Volun-
teer
Workers

•E

"S
d
Z

o.e

g
S

•s

a
B

•s

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Upkeep,

Supplies

and

Incidentals

Salaries and Wages

Total

For
Leadership

Other
Services

Total

•3

Kansas— Cont.

Topeka

65,000

7,405
100,000

1,827
45,736

320,000

30,000

5,000
3,000

23,025

31,465

1,054

4,000

14,000
26,028

458,762

3,450
80,000

325

70,000

7,000

12,000
16,000
10,807

841,264
14,434

10,000
37,500
10,000

22,000
21,748
25,086

781,188

18,000
62,160
50,000

125,000
48,000

4,224
12,957
15,000
12,000

6,400
47,000
10,700
40,692

22,743
19,399
15,500
55,690

f Board of Education

751.00

3,600.00

310.00

3,910.00

4,661.00
'9,948.00

M
M
M

M
M

M&P
P
P

P
M
P

P
P
M

M
M
M
P
P
M

P
M

P
M
M

SCMP

M
M&P

M&P

M
M&P

M
M
M

M&P

M
M&P
M&P

] Department of Public Parka and
[ Property

9.948.00

Wellington

Wichita

Park Board

Board of Park Commissioners

1
20

3
65

14,000.00

120.89

34,500.33

62.444.06

60,200.00
41,024.60

2,933.12
575.00
500 00

3,000.00

7.000.00

375.00

450.00

900.00

1,800.00

29,497.80

5,500.00

66,582.56

29,322.59

914.56

250.00

12,000.00

220.00
13,000.00

208.16

1,000.00

18,376.02

4.602.51

126.427.14

694,723.70

565.00

5,650.00
6,208.45
5,120.00

520.00
25,293.00
3,750.00

60,600.00

81,080.55

Kentucky

Berea

2
5

2
15
5

6.00
18,656.32
45,000.00

12.94

1,546.65

944.05

13,200.00

101.95

4,997.36

4,800.00

37,000.00

101.95

14,297.36

6,500.00

37,000.00

Lexington

Louisville

Playground and Recreation Depart-

2
29

9,300.00
1,700.00

Colored Department of Playground

Division of Recreation, Department
of Welfare

Playground Committee, Community

1
1
1

1
2

1,824.00

76.00

384.00

900.00
2,500.00

1,824.00
125.00
384.00

1,500.00
5,500.00

Princeton

RuaaeU

100.00

350.00
116.00

1,600.00
1,600.00

60.00

Community Work Committee

Playground Comrades International. . .

1
14

Louisiana

Alexandria

Baton Rouge

Delhi

600.00
3,000.00

^?.

Municipal Golf Club

DonaldsonviUe

Lafayette

Mohawk Tribe No. 33 Improved Order

250.00
100.00
100.00

5,279.94

1,000.00

12,915.62

6,882.49

205.39

200.00

800.00

1,700.00

24,217.86

1,500.00

40,609.28

22,440.10

709.17

250.00

6,000.00

210.00
6,751.61

208.16
1,000.00

500.00
2,737.92

86.932.42

436,566.94

480.00

1
1

800.00
1,700.00

24,217.86

1,200.00

1
23

\!i

New Orleans

PinevUle

Playground Community Service Corn-

8
3

Ifl

Orleans Parish Schools and Public

3,000.00
13,157.66

300.00

Council of Social Agencies"

Playground Comrades International . . .

3
1

1
4
6

709.17

150.00

6,000.00

180.00
4,751.53

125.00

500.00

308.00

2,599.92

100.00

Shreveport

Maine

Derby

6,000.00

10.00
6,548.49

30.00
1,999.98

83.16
500.00
192.00
138.00

Portland

Women's Educational and Industrial

Park and Playground Commission ....

1
2
2

139

Waterville

Westbrook

Maryland

Baltimore

Frederick

Massachusetts

Andover

17,875.02

179

1
44

1,864.69

39,494.72

242,764.63

85.00

f Playground Athletic League

15,412.13

436,556.94

?fi

4
6

10
18

3
6

480.00

Arlington

Athol

2,335.60

1,633.72

2,239.13

3,872.85

?«

E. R. A., Y. M. C. A and Red Cross. .

3,000.00

'10

Attleboro

Belmont

16
8

150

701
12

240.00
4,255.00
2,350.00

12,000.00

7,824.92

280.00
8,848.00
1,400.00

28,500.00

56,506.^

280.00
11,798.00
1,400.00

48,600.00

73,255.63

9,240.00

2,950.00

■^0

Beverly

Boston

Department of Extended Use, School

1
30

20,100.00
16,748.91

Physical Education Dept., School

Board of Park Commissioners

Braintree

Brockton

Brookline

Cambridge

Chelsea

19,463.38

8,692.00

2,916.00

11.608.00

31,071.38

444,375.00

2,500.00

11,411.37

39,335.00
37,594.65
1,946.55
12,406.34
6,050.00
5,242.38
1,600.00

303,400.00
400.00

Board of Park Commissioners

1
13

10
29
6
1
4
6
5
3
2
2
7
7
1
5

3
11

15
17
6
1
3
4
5
1
7
2
3
8

600.00
7,444.66

6,463.00
1,336.01

500.00
3,844.21

16,475.00
24,758.64
1,872.00
3,500.00
2,000.00
3,531.00
1,192,00

1,000.00
122.50

16,397.00

1,500.00
3,966.71

32,872.00
24,758.64
1,872.00
6,634.75
2.000.00
3,531.00
1,192.00

'I'i

Gymnasium and Bath Department,

and Playground Department

3oard of Park Commissioners

E'ark Department and E. R. A. .

Community Recreation Association. . .

8
6

11,500.00
74.55

Dalton

6,771.59

1,000.00

1,711.38

408.00

2,134.75

2,050.00

Easthampton

East Milton

Everett

Trustees of Cunningham Foundation. .
Playground Commission

1,435.00

1,200.00

4,678.00

5.778.00

7,213.00
3,039.46
5,928.47

13,700.00
8,341.52
3,982.18
2,500.00

17,944.05

[i'airhaven

Fitchburg

F'ramingham

Park Board

212.56
9,000.00

936.54
1,200.00
4,427.88

743.68

1,278.87

1,000.00

1,941.65

891.00

3.500,50
2,500.00
1,971.99
2,347.50

4,779.37
3,500.00
3,913.64
3,238.50

^ark and Playground Department

'layground and Recreation Commission
i^arks and Recreation Commission ....

49
50

Greenfield

Holyoke

4 11
20 33

3,210.56

7,571.28

7,162.21

14,733.49

RECREATION STATISTICS FOR 1934
the table

Playgrounds

lecreation

Indoor

Recreation

Centers

B
p

1
1

s
1

"ea

•3

a
z.

a
1 J

■s a

1 1

•^ 1

CO E-

Emergency Service

Source of
Information

Leadership

Buildings

Paid
Leadership

Expenditures

•c
c

S
1

■g

6
•a

e2|

Ill

1 s

•3
1

3
2:

Em-
ployed
Full
Time , ,

J- Land,

g Buildings,
■u 1 Permanent
S -^ Equipment

•s -s

d 6

Leader-
ship

Total

•s

. ■ 14

241,719

f
1

}

e
1
3

L. P. Dittemore

3 28

... 1

5 12

5 ..

George P. Kug,

I
I

C. L. Haslet

1
5
5

.. 4

. 5

. 6

19 23

317,200

<2,600
347,953
285,914
686,159

Alfred Mac Donald....
Forest Wyatt

1
1

IOC
8,200

2
5

24,720
47,382
125,660

2
1

... 8

Anna S. Pherigo

T. E. Brown.

... 6

1 ...

121,309

... 21

}w.R.II. Sherman....

Mrs. E. C. Wendt

Everett Howton

W. W. Tenney

1 74

14 ....

1
1

5
1

. 9
1
1

. 5
. 3

62,720

4,500

32,903

127,500
116,800

1
1

1 2
1 ...

133.20

6,055

1,655

... 4

Ml
1
1

ai 9
1 8

1 .

W.E.Brown

Powers Higginbotham.. .
C. C. Cutler

1 ...

1 2

... 6

i .'.'.

H. F. Vulliamy.

15
50

2
5

. 2
. 6

*9,600
15,000

935,741

303

1
2

George H. Gardiner

1
3

58,066
40,193

5 ...

1 ...
1 24
1 23

L. di Benedetto, Sr

10 .

. 70

18,000

... 90
1 ...

5,020.00

8
4

M. G. Montreuil

J. A. Hayes

1
11

1
1

12:

3 3

. 20

. 29

1
. 11

1
1
1
1

8 87

99,000
22,000

Wilmer Rhinlrfs,

W.E.Brown

1
9

1
1

... 22

6 3
1 ....

!1 65,000.00

9,168.00

74,168.00

GroverC. Thames

W. J. Russell

<3,600
'216,000

2,010

5,000

39,200

16,500

'524,606

1 2
... 11

1 ....

Granville R. Lee

Ruth S.Murray

Harry Stott

1
1

1 ...
1 ...
1 6

1 ....

?:?.

. 28,875.53

1,680.00

30,555.53

J. Frank Goodrich

Paul F. Fraser

1
219

19,140
1,163,166

149,862

19,799.98

'. 20,697.85
435,259.86

Dr. William Burdick....
John V. Kelly

6
4

1
2

a
1

1
1
2

1
6
8

7 106
1 2

2 ....

. 435,259.86

?fi

. 4

1 8

2 2

7 7

. 7

3 ....

Helma L. Hann

Margaret Davis

Clarence H. Dempsey. . .

Alexander P. Johnstone

and Edna iV. Gorton.

22,680
40,161

17,082

?,7

185
39,000

... 5

600.00
38,544.26

•>q

1 6

1 4
1 19

. 37,914.26

630.00

25,200
257,348
42,022

Lewis S. Harris

Public Works Dept

James T. Mulroy

Julia A. Murphy

William P. Long and

F. Lloyd Eno

M. Olive Crowley

William E. Whittaker. . .

3arry Vinton, Jr

AbbieO. Delano

Charles P. Cameron ....
Stephen H. Mahoney. . .

Timothy F. Kane

W. J. Sandford, Jr

laymond Funchion

Mrs. Ada H. Pillsbury. .

515,000

'60

...15

8 173
. 60

. 25'

3,600,000

235,000

108

1 100

1 100
. .. 31

60
55

94,146.00
8,415.35

•94,146.00

"310,257.92

9,625.00

30,000.00

7,993.78

61,830

68,405

. 234,650.81
9,625.00

12
5
11

7
5
2
6

18
2

1 12
9

■(4

1
5

1
11

10
8

12 .,

1
. 11

. 23
6 18
5 5
. 3
2 5
. 2
. 4
1
. 9
. 4
9 9
. 5

1
1

13
6
5
2
4
1
1
2

•15

•135,000

92,121
'600,000
341,250

44,682

4 1
1

2 . ..

7,993.78

1,5

3
3

245,024

3
2

2
2
1
2
1
2
1

2 12
.. 12

1 1

2 ....

6
10

S "

. 20,000.00

2,316.00
15,616.00

22,563.69
15,616.00

1
1

.. 5
.. 4
2 8
1 2

3
3
2
4

55,297

'13,705
52,000

1 4

864.00

150,000

1 S
.. 2

W.L. Caldwell

■•red A. Hutchings

Mrs. Mabel 0. Dutton. .

ohnC. O'Malley '

laymond J. Callahan. . . ^
F. D. Mac Cormick

9
4

36,318.34

7,581.32

43,899.66

4'i

56,600
200,000
36,000

5
'4

2
9
5

1
4

6,500

3 2
4

11
3

3
3
3

75,682.61
42,347.06

4,148.40
700.00
50.00

87,501.16

43,047.06

50.00

6,347.65

8,764.30

1
1

4,000

4
8
14

. 4
. 8
. 14

'36,990

'18,870

'154,689

1
2

5
2
9

.. 6

6,347.65
8,764.30

jeonard Thompson ^

Mina F. Robb

•in

3 6

2 ....

PLAYGROUND AND COMMUNITY

Footnotes follow

STATE AND
CITY

Popula-
tion

Managing
Authority

Recreation Leadership

(Not Including
Emergency Workers)

Paid

Workers

-=-a
o >-

Volun-
teer
Woi kere

Expenditures Laat Fiscal Year
(Not Including Emergency Funds)

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Upkeep,

Supplies

and

Incidentals

Salaries and Wages

For
Leadership

Other
Services

Total

Norwood

Salem

Somerville. . .

Spencer

Springfield . . .

Taunton

Turners Falls .

Wakefield .
Walpole . . .
Waltham . .

West Newton . . . .
West Springfield..
Worcester

Michigan

Adrian

Ann Arbor

Mass. — Cont.
Lawrence

Lexington .
Lowell . . . .
Ludlow . . .

Lynn

Medford . .

Melrose

Methuen

Milton

Needham ....
New Bedford .

Newton

Northampton . . ,
North Attleboro .

Battle Creek . . .

Bay City

Bergland Township
Big Rapids^^. . .

Caspian . . .
Coldwater.
Dearborn. .

Detroit

Dowagiac . . . .
East Lansing.
East Tawas . .
Ferndale

Flint

Gladstone

Grand Haven . .
Grand Rapids . .

Grayling

Grosse Pointe. .
Grosse Pointe Park

Gwinn .

Hamtramck . . .

Hancock

Harbor Beach . .

Hastings

Highland Park.

Holland

Houghton

Ironwood

Jackson

Kalamazoo .
Lansing ....
Ludington. .
Midland . . .

Milan

Monroe

Mount Clemens.
Mount Pleasant.

Petosky

Pontiac . .'

85,068

10,000

101,820

8,876

105,000

61,135

23,566
21,068
17,500

10,800
110,000

65,295
25,000
12,000

15,049
43,353
104,000
6,572
150,000
38,000
8,000

16,700

7,449

39.875

10,006
17,000
197,000

Park Department

Playground Commission

Park Department

iNew Century Club and Village Club
Beach Committee, Board of Trade . .
ark Department

Playground Commission

Look Memorial Park Commission

Parent Teacher Association and Play-
ground Association

Board of Selectmen

Board of Park Commissioners

Recreation Commission

.Selectmen and Park Commissioners . . .
Recreation Division, Park Department

Park Commission

Playground Commission

) Recreation Commission

\ Bath House Committee

Town of Walpole

Board of Recreation '.

Community Centre, Inc

, Stearns School Centre Association . . .

Playground Commission

Park and Recreation Commission

13,408
26,944

43,573

47,000

800

5,000

1,888

6,723

60,000

,568,662

5,500

5,000

1,455

20,855

156,000

5,100

10,000

168,592

1,973
22,000
13,000

2,518
56,268

6.000
2,000
5,227
52,959
17,000
4,000
14,299

60,000

55,000

86,000

8,898

8,700

1,947
18,110
14,000
5,211
5,740
65,000

Department of Parks and Publiq Prop-
erty

Park Department . . . . ^

Board of Park Commissioners

Athletic and Recreation Association . . .

Board of Park Commissioners

Park Board and E. R. A

Board of Education and Park Commis-
sion

Civic Recreational Association

Recreation Committee

School District

Parent Teacher Association asd County

Schools

Community Center

School Board

Recreation Department

Department of Recreation

Department of Parks and Boulevards

School Board

.School Board and City Council

Board of Education

Department of Parks and Recreation

, Community Music Association'^

^hool Board

Recreational Association

Department of Recreation, Board of

Education

Board of Education

( School Board

\ Neighborhood Club

V illage Commission

City and Board of Education

Department of Recreation, Board of

Education

City Council

Board of Education

Recreation Commission

Board of Education

Ella W. Sharp Park Board

Department of Recreation

, Douglass Community Assn., Inc.'^

Recreation Department

School Board

School Board and Comanunity Center

Committee

Recreation Commission

School Board

Recreation Department

Board of Education

Recreation Department

»1S

8,667.41

24,100.00

629.04

420.00
5.179.00

1,822.00
6,500.00

4,000.00
90,000.00

15,428.32
SOO.OO

1,839.25
4,028.00

400.00

150.00
229.32

8,635.24

200.00

3,500.00

390.00

1,247.37

2,480.16

2,368.00
6.000.00
1,742.06
2,855.76
2,700.00
714.88

104.50

1,366.16
676.75

26,318.73
5,000.00

75.00
11,552.00

1,944.95

8,361.71

1,350.00

550.00

218.51

214.00

1,191.75

6,220.00

991.02

218.44
4,360.37

936.17

736.00
300.00
200.00

100.00
1,010.96

1,091.66
37,606.25
33,000.00

50.00

504.76
36,071.48

625.00
50.00
60.00

150.00
104.87

1.250.00
250.00
250.00
200.00
122.69

1,640.00

1,567.03

750.00

30.00

3,781.69

145.00

200.00

300.00

27.28

666.08

3,800.00

1,448.00

196.64

4,500.00
1,827.00

4,171.96

603.00
575.90
236.26

26,000.00
3,000.00

425.00
2,632.00
7,378.03
11,000.00

2,400.00
500.00
625.00

1,084.00

1,150.00
1,550.00
1,950.00
486.80
6,344.48

1,108.40

4,558.00
4,000.00

200.00

1,000.00
2,000.00

5,035.84

166,185.70

15,860.00

500.00

360.00

254.00

16,256.00

4,875.00

150.00

78.00

336.00
1,050.00
2,750.00

8,782.60
350.00
500.00
250.00

8,572.00
450.00

1,150.00

1,000.00
524.90

6,400.00

2,538.25

4,050.00

400.00

2,297.32

165.00

1,600.00

1,850.00

190.00

10,076.26

4,602.36
Mil .51

2,930.84

30.817.56
6,000.00

3,600.00

1.550.00
1,050.00

4,808.17

2,730.00

570.53

150.00

18,700.10

2,697.85

8,225.00
645.00

500.00
1,153.72

959.73
100,696.10
135,800.00

50.00

47,467.22
1,500.00

1.450.00
3,310.00

4,496.00

44.35
'4,035.66

4,100.00

6,138.00
30.00

8,402.36
1,448.00
8,608.15

4,500.00
1,827.00

.1,633.84
675.90
236.25

56,817.56
9,000.00

425.00
2.632.00
7,378.03
14,600.00

62.568.46
3.950.00
1,550.00
625.00
1,084.00
4,808.17
3,880.00
2,120.53
2,100.00
486.80

25.044.68

3,806.25

12,783.00
4,645.00

200.00

1,500.00
3,153.72

5,995.57

266,881.80

151,660.00

500.00

400.00

254.00

63,722.22

6,375.00

150.00

78.00

336.00
1,050.00
4,200.00
3,310.00

8.782.00

350.00

500.00

250.00

13,068.00

450.00

1,150.00

1,000.00

569.25

10,435.00

2,538.25

8,150.00

400.00

8,435.32

195.00

1,600.00

2,050.00

190.00

10,076.26

10,770.36

16.115.41

10.350.21

13,252.72

'31,300.00

2,541.88

4,905.60

2,082.15

4,80100

575.90

1,333 00

14,879.001 M

84,958.29
20,500.00

500.001

18,184.001

112,916.52

16,544.95

15,428.321

70.9.30.17

6.100.00i

2,100.00

843.51

1.298.00

5,999.92

10.100.00

3.285.26

2.900.00

705.24

29,404.96

6,581.6;

17,547.00

4,945.00

600.00

200.00

1,750.00

4,394.00

4,100.00

7,087.13

304.487.05

184.660.00

500.00

460.00

768.76

108,328.94

7,000.00

200.00

138.00

336.00
1.200.00
4,304.87
3,310.00

9,616.00

350.00

700.00

250.00

17,818.00

700.00

1,400.00

1,200.00

691.94

12,46500

4,105.28

8,900.00

430.bO

13,464.38

340.00

1,800.00

2,350.00

217.28

300.00

13,122.50

P
M
M
M
M4P
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
P
P
M
M

M&P

M
M
M

C&P

M
MAP

M
M
M
P
M
M

M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
P
M
M

MAP
MAP

RECREATION STATISTICS FOR 1934
the table

Playgrounds

Recreation

Indoor

Recreation

Centers

3
1

1
B

n
.S

a
3
z

■3
a

z
8

-a

be
e

a
J

z
1

£.

a
E

a
z

5"
g

.sa

Emergency Service

Source of
Information

Leaderabip

Buildings

Paid
Leadership

Expenditures

1
l
1

•B

ill

e2 fe<

ill

■0

•s

Em-
ployed

Full
Time

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Leader-
ship

Total

o
■5

.0
6
Z

•s

d
Z

■3
d

1
2
3

1
8

10
2

16
1

13
7

3
2
3

1
3

1
1
1

William V.Crawford....

John J. Garrity

John W. Kernan

1
16
7

7
3
2
2

•26,000
156,000
60,000

20,115.19
51,099.07

20,115.19
57,670.67

6,471.60

■;

7
1
2
2

6
2

1
1

10
3

56,864.64
128,564.78

11,930.90
7,567.60
8,047.06

12,596.00

69,460.64
128,564.78

12,482.70
7,567.60
8,047.06

John Morrissey

Edward P. Adanw and

John P. Leavitt

George W. Rogers

James Cookson

John L. Kelly.

52,159

•71,377
32,400
•11,250

4,780

2
3

I
7

551.80

fil

K. H. Godfrey

1
1

6
19

2,685.00
4,712.00

3,575.00
19,679.25

288,350.00
55,000.00

Robert H. Burrage

Jeremiah Coholan and

Louise Dupre

Ernst Hermann

M. Fobs Narum

R. A. Yates

2
1

2
6
8
4
1

■5

1
4

13
2

2
6
8
7
1
8
5
1
3

39
6

1
2
4

2
2

14,867.25

250,000.00
66,000.00

2
9
U
4

2
9

"1,500,000
13,000

25,000

35,000

22,000

1'i

2
3

1
3

2
2

VV. C. Kendrick

Daniel J. Phalen

Francis J. Mahoney, . . .
William A. Thibault ....

Arthur E. Gardner

Louis 0. Godfrey

C. E. Bankwitz

I'^ugene J. Sullivan

Arthur G. Abbott

Frederick F. Libby

•107,432
250,000

1
1

195,000.00

22,500.00

20,043.21

561,784.96

1,465.20

7,000.00

325.00

20,000.00

20,043.21
525,689.76

9
i

2,506,000
100,000
44,600
24,500

90,000

43
4
2
2

2
2

175
10

100
10

36,095.20
1,465.29

'>n

'>i

7,000.00

■>?

325.00

•n

6.451.39
284,998.61

5,451.39
289,128.61

1
1

1,500
11,262
11,035

2,330.00

?,'i

Gertrude MacCallum . . .

Helen I. Sandstrom

R. B. Pillsbury.

234.00

?fi

4
6
8

12
6
8
2

28,455
•67,500

150,000

102,088
•76,882
54,000

1
14

1
2
4

1
20

2
10
2

13,425.61
6,976.65

13,425.61

7,171.65

35,899.99

6,799.60

8,660.00

705.52

1,768.00

John J. Nugent

Hervey C. King

L. H. HoUway

15
15

9
8

12
19
7
6

195.00

2,239.00

2,299.50

1,660.00

683.60

1,419.00

?fl

7
6

7,450
45,111

1
1

■'2

3,600.00
7,000.00

H. W. Royal. .

A. D. Lohr

4,000

27,204

60,015
15,000

Mrs. W. M. Berry

John T. Symons

Henry D. Schubert

C. E. Brewer

2
10

173

15,000

40,000

2,997,549

4
4

16
143

5
91

500.00
18,601.50

6,500.00
627,210.87

5,197,075

736,846

57,274.88

Henry W.Busch

J.M.Lewis

■'2

3
2
1

8
12

1
1
1
1
2

1
1
1
1
9

4
2

11,000

Donald O'Hara

Hugo T. Swanson

Richard R. Rowley

E. C. Dayton

1
8

1
20
31

100.00
4,918.64
5,730.00

100.00
4,918.64
7,181.66

8
10

53,800
445,752

42,800

19
34

195,550

1,451.66

William W. Norton

A. R. Watson

1
3

1
5

17
1
3

6,000
6,600

112,453

1
2

2
4

M23

1^
6
4
1

200.00
384.00

10,246.10
551.00

300.00
384.00

10,246.10
661.00

44 I

1
9

18
2

Edward J. Huttenga. . . .

A. W. Thompson

Gerald L. Cass

134,295

»2

«8

32,500
18,000

1
1

2
2

135,373

6,000.00

George Elworthy

William G. Stamman . . .
Supt. of Schools

C. J. Reid

1
2

71.50
1,291.80

71.50

1,291.80

21,295.16

492.00

366.00

4,900.00

1,472.00

36.00

240.00

1,530.00

3,200.00

5,561.00

340.00

457 00

199.29

96.00
1,050.55

131,951

167,363

1
1

21,295.16
300.00

Norman D. Starrett ....

R. S. Brotherton

D. A. Van Buskirk

T. H. Fewlass

4,000

3,000

1
3
3
15
2
3
8

1
2
6

192.00

366.00

3,600.00

1,472.00

35.00

240.00

1,530.00

.53

13
5

571,383
60,520

«123,130

9
3

1
5

6
6

,">4

34,000

Leon N. Moody

Ley Norrix

,55

6
2
6
8
5

1
2

1
6

Arthur E. Ericksoa

G. L. Greenawalt

28,439

3
10

3,200.00
1,600.00

•176,062

16,566

22
2
3
2

"io

1
6

3,961.66
340.00
457.00
188.00

96.00
992.00

Lawrence P. Mofler

E. N. Powell

11
1

3
1

2
8

198,032

5,500

6
1

1
1
2

i<l

2827

5
4
2
5

2
1

Mrs. H. R. Harvey

H. H. Hawley

«?

51,091
16,000
15,907
136,000

61,261

Charlotte Conley

Glenn H. Brainard

B. M. Hellenberg

W. A. Olsen

1
4

2,400

■'2
4

2
4

5,000

2
25

324.00

295.00

7,324.30

350.84

295.00

60,980.88

G. E. Ganiard

1,200

4
3

H.C. Spitler

109,464

43,666.58

A. E. Genter

PLAYGROUND AND COMMUNITY
Footnotes follow

STATE AND
CITY

Popular
tion

Managing
Authority

Recreation Leadership

(Not Including
Eraergencv Workers)

Expenditures Last Fiscal Year
(Not Including Emergency Funds)

•s

Paid
Workers

Volun-
teer
Woikers

6
■s

g
S

•s

o
d
Z

= 1=

O 1-

I-

d.a

g
S

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Upkeep,

Supplies

and

Incidentals

Sal

aries and Vt'ages

Total

For
Leadership

Other
Services

Total

d
Z

Mich.— Cont.

Port Huron

Portland

31,000
1,900

18,000
4,804
2,600
2,246
3,677

5,000
30,000
12,000

4,000
14,000
2,590
7,500

2,264

1,350

22,000

8,520

1,243

6,315

101,417

6,154
10,000

2,722
23,000

5,073

30,645
3,210

464,356

3,709

2,500

9,628

20,600

21,000
50,000

271,606
10,000

7,000
26,170
12,177

1,184
20,850

18,601
22,943

23,400
21,596
30,000

400,000

13,967
81,400

821,960

25,809

14,000

7,000

4,629

28,822

16,531

6,669
3,000
9,000

1
1
2
2
2
1
1
2

150.00
60.00
300.00
150.00
200.00

150.00
200.00
225.00
360.00
830.00
150.00

240.00
440.00

390.00
640.00
225.00
360.00
830.00
150.00

540.00
1,700.00

525.00

510.00
1.030.00

150.00

M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

M
M
M

M&P

M
M

M&P

M4P

M
M&P

M
M&P
M
M
M
M
M

MiP
M

C
M

M
P
C
M
M
M

M
M

M&P
P
M

P
M
M
M
M
P
M

M&P

M
M&P

M
M

1,000.00

River Rouge

South Haven

Stambaugh

Vuloan

1
1
1

Board of Education

Board of Education and City

500.00
1,500.00

1,800.00
2,200.00

2,300.00
3,900.00

Wakefield

Wayne

Department of Public Affairs and Board
of Education

200.00

Public Schools

10
5

1
2
4

Wyandotte

Recreation Commission

5
16

2
1

"2,750.00
1,700.00

2,745.44
3,243.13

Ifl

School Board

200.00

1,500.00

1,785.00
1,656.50

Minnesota

Alexandria

Park Board and S.E.R. A

Gymnasium Committee, Library Board
Town of Bayport

960.44
250.00

1,336.63

644.00

1,012.50

Bemidji**

State Recreation and Leisure Time De-
partment and Park Board

2
2

«1

7
1
54
1
2
3
7

1
3

3
1

1
3

800.00
660.00
150.00

3,500.00

3,047.50

1,000.00

508.68

11,111.31

800.00
760.00
150.00

3,700.00
3,304.50
1,500.00
2,430.84
35,370.67

3,800.00

1,010.00

810.00

6,700.00

3,304.50

>1,500.00

5,146.75

65,348.87

12,000.00

880.00

1,315.25

1,800.00

9,407.75

1,245.00

1,0.50.00
1,750.00
162,360.00
190.00
1,668.00
1,250.00
3,565.00

1,625.00
1,200.00

5,400.00
43,441.52

500.00
110.00
lOfl.OO
1,748.27
5,075.84
415.38

2,943.02
2,630.00

392.44
3,323.56
9,900.00

24,120.77

5,316.00

600.00

18,361.94

'187,074.32

87,290.08

700.00

34,999.46

5900.00
1,187.21
1,400.00
450.00
2,300.00

25,100.00
3,800.00
3,800.00

Breckenridge

Cannon Falla

Carlton Coanty*'...

IJhisholm

Coleraine*2

>ookBton

Duluth

I')

District E. R. A. and American Legion. .
Park Board

250.00
560.00

2,000.00

100.00

1ft

100.00
1,000.00

17
IS

Leisure Time Activities Department,

State E. R. A

Independent School District No. 40. . . .
School Board and Village Authorities . .

Park Board

Recreation Department

3
3
1
1

30
3

12
2

200.00

257.00

500.00

1,922.16

24,259.30

17
IS

20
'I

1
4

357.30
200.00

2,358.61
29,778.20

30
'1

Ely

880.00
200.00

880.00
257.50

**?

Fergus Falls

Gilbert

808.36

249.39

57.50

^-t

Village of Gilbert

Hibbing"

International Falls.
Jackson and Cot-
tonwood Counties**
Lake City

Minneapolis

Mountain Iron

Naahwauk

Red Wing

Rochester

St. Cloud

St. Louis County".

Village of Hibbing and School Board. . .
Recreation Committee, E.R.A

1,200.21

8,207.54

?(i

50.00

1,000.00

750.00

104,750.00

160.00

1,000.00

52,377.00

30.00

f Board of Park Commissioners

\ Board of Education

5,233.00

21,940.00
160.00

82,810.00

29
a

750.00
2,165.00

200.00

300.00
1,000.00

1,300.00
900.00

2,400.00
0,599.06

400.00
60.00

300.00
1,400.00

1,300.00
900.00

5,400.00
26,249.27

400.00
60.00

?**

Board of Public Works

4
4

400.00

Parent Teacher Association Council and
Board of Education

325.00
300.00

Extension Department, County Board

450
30

150
20

3,000.00
16,650.21

36
37

17,192.25

100.00
50.00

100.00
79.52

3fi

South St. Paul ....

StUlwater

Todd County"....

Parks and Playground Committee, City

Junior Chamber of Commerce

County Recreation Association

1*1

1,668.75

1,668.75
260.00
415.38

1,646.09
2,630.00

332,00
1,230.69

4,815.84

260.00

i**

415.38

527.00
1,930.00

332.00

Mississippi

Hattiesburg

Vicksburg

Missouri

Hannibal

Jefferson City

Trustees for Hawkins and Kamper Play-

1,296.93

1,119.09
700.00

'I'l

1
1

Playground and Recreation Association .

60.44
1,849.27

243.60

4ft

Department of Parks

Kansas City

Moberlv

Department of Health, Physical Edu-
cation and Recreation, Board of

75
16

38
18

2,200.00
650.00

16,957.89
3,850.00

4,962.88
816.00

21,920.77
4,666.00

Park Board

St. Joseph

Board of Park Conmiissioners

f Department of Parks and Recreation .
\ Board of Education

1
143
87

3,500.00

125

194

1
1
1

101

32,030.67

155,043.65

69,545.35

500.00

5,372.20

155,043.65

87,290.08

500.00

23,677.52

■il

17,744.73

University City . . .

Montana

Anaconda

10
1

200.66
11,321.94

300.00
394.49

1
2

18,305.32

63
ni

300.00

492.72

792.72
900.00
400.00

5'^

Park Board

500i)0

66
67

68
69

Great Falls

Playground Association and Park Board

101

50.00

400.00

5fi

Nebraslta

Park Board ■. . . .

23,500.00
300.00

1,600.00
1,000.00
3,300.00

Blair

2,500.00
500.00

1,000.00
3,000.00

300.00

RECREATION STATISTICS FOR 1934

the table

Playgrounds

Recreation

Indoor

Recreation

Centers

E
.2

3
g

B
3

1
a

a
3

£
S

3
»■

w
s

M
a

•a

Ph
bO

1
be
a

1
B
'£

1
z

Emergency Service

Source of
Information

Leadership

BuUdin(!3

Paid

Leadership

Expenditures

a
e

1
1

1
f

1
O

■a

-i
ll

M
a

111
ill

III

S
1

Km-
ployed

Full
Time

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Leader-
ship

Total

•s

17,000

7,950

401.25

3,080.00

480.00

C. V. Fowler

6
1
4

3,080.00

R. T. Edwards

1
3

480.00

Fred J. Williams

E. J. Buckholz . .

20,800

1
2

1
1

Frank Weeber

1
1
1

192.00
50.00
75.75

192.00
50.00
127.75

L. C. Mohr

C. I.Clark

,■>

2
1
1
5

2,000
6,000

M. E. Dunn

50,000

C. A. Rydeski . .

D. T. Yape

5
3

»^4

3
3

James E. Ostrum

William E.Foy

E.E.Gahlon&M.FelBtul

William C. Pribble

F. B. Slaughter

154,000
7,000

6
2

6
3

1,050.00
1,849.12

1,050.00
2,511.29

7,800

1
■'2

1
1

1't

5
18

10
6

7
1

■'2
1

13
4

28
6
2
3

20
1
5

20,000

1
2

2,000

6
2

1
4

3,000.00
390.00

7,300.00
640.00

C.L. Stapleton

Myrtie Glasser

Dr. R. R. Polak

F.W.Trumbull

C. G. Giffei

l")

250.00

17,325

160,000
47,267

11,000

22
4
3
2
132
1
1
1

13
3

3.3

1,300.00

2,200.00
478.40
600.00

4,700.00
478.40
700.00

2
2
3

1
5
2

5
10
3
9

5,000

H. W. Dutter.

'>n

10,000
263,983

Uoyd Ostrander

K. M. Harris

■>!

252,110

30
2

275,410

'2
i

»2

30,857.51

11,381.10

42,958.61

22,000
34,500

E. Buckley

.1,200.00

1,200.00

D. E. Misfeldt

''I

P. R. Cosgrove. .

■"i

4
1

30,124

28,117

2
1

35
2

25
2

2,778.20
945.00

1,024.00

2,778.20
945.00

1,424.00

Jesse T. Porteous

George Johnston

B.E.Gilbert

H. V. Fick

2.5

''6

2fi

28,800

24
56
4

2,625

1,200

36,530

82,457

1,200

350.00

■>«

1
13

7
4

7
5

"3,300,912

'48,731

M 1,200

7,250

'4,000

49,523
65,000

175

448

....

162
2

1
1

10,000.00

80,964.45

90,964.45
100.00
60.00

K.B.Raymond

Ralph C. Tapp.

4
1
1

2
2
6

60.00

0. H. Whitehead

JuddF. Gregor

J. F. Enj

,30

600.00

PauIF. Schmidt

L. C. Grose.

17
106

28
55

3,500.00
53,224.90

33,460.17
175,443.73

B G Leiffhton

3.5

9
3

2,451,722

44,000
<15,000
22,000
73,699

291,596

194,397

112

2
2

1
1

110,000.00

Ernest W. Johnson

James E. Hunt

G. D. Robbins

1
3

1
1

1
2

3
4

600.00
3,203.00

'2,799.21

51,700

"2,799.21

L. G. Hurst

Martin 0. Akre

C D Tearse

5
2

■3

2
3

37,755

<7,200
45,000

22,305

1
2

2
3

W. F. S. Tatum

J C Hamilton

4,'i

T. T. McKinney

C. 0. Hanes

4,5

1
5

4«

Kit C. Vickrey

'i?

49
17

247,823
246,615

346,209

4,000.00

j Alfred 0. Anderson...
Allen C White

8
97

2
2

28
12

75,000.00

W. L.Skoglund

Frank D.Sullivan

RodoweH. Abeken

Sarah G.Knott

James K. Monteith

D. H. Beary

30
47

1,277,558
1,539,780

1,352,550

19,500

7
4

6
1

»34,320
25,000

2
5

1
1

4
4

9,000

7,000

1
1
1

1
1

Tom Henderson

T S M Lease

1
2

600.00

W. H. Swearingen

Earl D. Mallery

ReedO'Hanlon

W. T. Soudera

I
1

12,000.00
500.00

fin

20,000

fin

PLAYGROUND AND COMMUNITY

Footnotes follow

STATE AND
CITY

Popula-
tion

Managing
Authority

Nebr.— Cent.

Lincoln

MoCook. .A

Omaha

Nevada

Reno

White Pine Co. «..

N. Hampshire

Claremont

Concord

Dover

Lebanon

Manchester

Nashua

Pittsfield

Portsmouth

Rochester

New Jersey

Allenhurst

Beae%'iile

Bloomfield

Bogota

Bridgeton

Brookside

Burlington

Cedar Grove

Chatham

CliffsidePark

Collingswood

Dover^'

East Orange

Edgewater

Elizabeth

Englewood

EJssex County". . . .
Fair Lawn

Freehold

Garfield

Glen Ridge

Hackensack

Hackettatown

Harrison

Hoboken

Irvington

Jereey City

Kearny

Leonia

Linden

Lyndhurst

Maplewood

Millburn

Montclair

Moore3town

Morristown^

Mount Tabor

Newark

New Brunswick". .
North Arlington.. .
North Plainfield. . .
Ocean City

Orange

Palisades Park . . . .

Park Ridge

79.000

214.006

18,529
11.771

12.377
25.228

15.000

7.073

76,834

32,000
2,000
14,495

10.209

573

28.000

40,000
7,341

14.499
1,000

12.000
2,500

4,000
18,000

13,000
10.000
70,000
4.167

114.585

18.000

840,000

7,000

6,894
29.769

7.365
28,461

3,038
18.000
59,261

61,000
364,000

40,800

5.350
21,206
20,000

22,000
11,000

45.000

7,200

15,197

1.500

500.000

34,555

8,356

10,000

5«10,000

37,000
8,000

Recreation Board

Kiwanis Club and Parent Teacher Aaso-

ciatioo

Board of Recreation. Park Department

Recreation Committee, Council of

Social Agencies**

Park Department

Women's Work Division, F. E. R.

A...

Playground Commission

Playground and Bath Committee, City

Council

f Park and Playground Commission.. .
\ Neighborhood House Association, Inc,
Carter Community Building Association
Park, Common and Playground Com'

mission

Recreation Conrniission '

School Board

Board of Street Commissioners and City

Council

School Board

Board of Commissioners

Recreation Commission

I Recreation Commission

\ World War Memorial Association**
.American Legion and E. R. A. . . . . . .

Johnson Reeves Playground Association
Community Club

Board of Education

, Sponsoring Committee, E. R. A. .
Board of Commissioners and Board of

Education

Park Committee

Building and Grounds Committee, City

Council and E. R. A

School Board

Recreation Commission

Board of Recreation Commissioners.
Board of Education and E. R. A.. . .

Recreation Commission

Social Service Federation and E. R. A.

County Park Commission

Recreation Commission and E. R. A. . .

Recreation Association

Forstman Woolen Company and E. R. A.

Playground Committee

Board of Education and E. R. A

Board of Education and E. R. A . . .

Board of Recreation Commissioners.

Department of Parks and PuHic Prop-
erty and E. R. A

Department of Public Recreation. . .

Department of Parks and Public
Property

Recreation Commission and E. R. A.

Playground Committee.

Board of Education

Department of Parks and Public
Property

Park Committee, City Council

Shade Tree Commission

( Board of Education

] Department of Parks and Public
[ Property

Township Recreation Commission

Park Board Committee

Camp Meeting Association

Recreation Department, Board of Edu-
cation

Playground Committee —

Board of Education and E. R. A

Recreation Commission

Department of Publicity and Board of
Education

Playground Department

Board of Education

2,232 Commumty Committee and E. R. A. . . 1

Recreation Leadership

(Not Including
Emergency Workers)

Paid

Workere

"S. '^

6 a

Volun-

Uier
Woi kere

' Expenditures Laat Fiscal Year
(Not Including Emergency Funds)

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Upkeep,

Supplies

and

Incidentals

Salaries and Wages

For
LeadeTsbip

Other
Services

Total

2.00
12,354.47

1,498.22
400.00

700.00
3,500.00

13,250.00

600.00
4,400.00

• 91.06
500.00

2,400.00

175.00

1,849.74

4,200.00

75,000.00

2,000.00

219.25
5,600.00

120.00

2,000.00
2.50

205.00

660.00

1,441.02
100.00

1,500.00

1,582.28
142.16

4.00

810.34

3,400.00

1,000.00

20.00

63.18

200.00

60.00

50.00

540.13
2,229.00

5,998.35
2,085.00

875.00
61.67

537.74

2,500.00
1,694.00

1,040.00

200.00

130.25

315.00

2,400.00

115.47

5,626.25
262.87

21,572.00

653.16

55.00

246.67

50.00
40.00

2,580.00
150.00

200.00

2,706.06
757.30

2,300.00

1,396.10

3,157.22

325.00

160.00

2,150.00

10,000.00

3,100.00

60.00

240.00

3,620.00

1,640.00

1,575.75
2,607.18

240.00

2,039.66
580.00

200.00

270.00
250.00

250.00
216.00

120.00
250.00
2.50.00
7,419.17
400.00

26,018.03

8,04.1.00

6.177.14

645.00

2.'>0.0fl
300.00

1,680.00

24,900.00
3,100.00

2,000.00

360.00
1,200.00

712.00
1,. 500.00
5,500.00

780.00

3,917.99
650.00
100.00

125,028.00
840.00
180.00
644.00

225.00
135.00

690.00
13,276.80

4,996.23

970.00

27,704.94

480.00

1,201.10

4,180.00
68.90

6,000.00
1,429.00

4,196.00
435.00

19,371.00
" 44.96

75.00

6,200.00
150.00

200.00

1,840.00

4,281.81
3,364.48

2,300.00

1,396.10

3,157.22

565.00

160.00

4,189.66

10,680.00

3,100.00

60.00

240.00

200.00

270.00

250.00

250.00
216.00

120.00
250.00
940.00
20,695.97
400.00

31,014.26
9,015.00

33,882.08
1,125.00

250.00
300.00

1,680.00

24,900.00
4,301.10

6,180.00

428.90
1,200.00

712.00

1,500.00

11,500.00

2,209.00

8,113.99

1.085.00

100.00

144,399.00
840.00
180.00
688.96

225.00
210.00

8,200.00

154.50
26,841.12

405.00

2,500.00

7,221.05
3,864.48
3,000.00
4,500.00

19,500.00

4,739.50

707.16

18,250.00
164.00

16,000.00

5,000.00

14.580.00

8,500.00

80.00

394.24

900.00

320.00

250.00

300.00
216.00

2,520.00
2.50.00

1,6.55.13

22,924.97

400.00

38,862.35

11.100.00

33,882.08

2,000.00

301 .67

300.00

4,715.00

2,217.74

6,025.00

27,400.00
5,995.10

300.000.00
7.220.00

428.90
1,400.00

842.25

1,815.00

15,900.00

2,324,47

3,000.00

13.959.49

6,947.87

100.00

165,971.00

1,493.16

355.00

935.63

7,000.00

16,000.00

275.00

250.00

RECREATION STATISTICS FOR 1934

the table '

Playgrouods

Recreation

Indoor

Recreation

Centers

B
Is

i
.2
Q

1
si

■1

K
=!>

•A

■3

•a

a
t— (

1
a

'a
a
'S

a
3

f
u

'S
d

Emergency Service

Source of
Information

Leadership

Buildings

Paid
Leadership

Expenditures

o
o

a
1

Vi
1 1

1
1

•a

S -3
1 ^

III

its.

s
•s

Em-
ployed

Full
Time

1 i

•^ is

-s

d 6
Z Z

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Leader-
ship

Total

•3
1

27 ...

3 ...
12...

•••27

■•• 3
... 12

244,595

'3,200
<253,500

27,634

52,202

1
10

31,000.00

31,800.00

James C. I.«wis

Florence Taylor

Charles W. McCandless.

Mrs. Fred Rankin

H Dieterieh

2
3

3
a

425,382

153

209,960

207

159

9,604.80

76,348.02

85,952.82

2
5

5
2

15
5

9
6

4
5

7
8

i" 5

... 2

... g

... 2

10,000

5
4

89.00

139.00

Edith Hinckley

R G Blanc

...
10

2
I

2 ...

9 ...

2 ...

8 ...

5 ...
1

3 ..
1 ..

9 ...

2 !!!
1 ...

"i '.'.'.

6 ...

1 . .

2 ...

1 ...
1 ...

2 !!!

17 ...
5 ...
29 ...

4 ...

4 ...
1 ..
8 ...

1 .

3 '.'.'.

"6 .'.'.

\ ...

7 . .

2 ...
6...

i '::
2 ...

8 ...

"i ..'.

h ..'.
2

3 ...

4 2

5 .
1 ..

1 ...

15,000

53,600
5,000

John T. ProwBC

Dorothy W. Greenaway.

Edith G. Brewster

Willie F. Hough

Frank C. Livingston

R. A. Pendleton

Lester B. Badger

Peter J. Hickey

Arthur S. RollinB

Margret P. Ekstromer . .
Edward J. Lister

1 C. A. Emmons, Jr. . . .
Mrs. Annetta Humphries

Estelle T. French

Robert Scherzer

V H Smith

.500
11,000

33,000

10
11
12

13
14

15
16
17
a
18
19
20

... g

■ 5

■ I

... 3

■ 1

7
3

1
1

4
6
3

275,000.00
30,000.00

'47,584
4,250

1
1

28,750.00

26,750.00

5,100

2 ^
■^ 12

... 2

i 1

... ,

■•■ 6

... ,

■■ 2

... J

■ 2

■ 27
■ 'i 29

27,150
160,491

"'24,440
15,720
S.pno
2iii8

65,000

7
4

2
2

4,548.30
1,635.00

75,000

4,849

333.00

5,150

2,800

1
1

1
1
1

216.00

14,550

1,760
13,592

'12,647

2.000

30,104

964,101

4,109

986,669
43,304

1
2

660

360
4,632

2,646

366.00

Ethel Burr Dudley

Robert R. Blunt

James P. Callahan

Arthur J. Rooney and
Mrs. Annetta Humphries
H. T Ir\'ine

4
2

1
1

"7
2

1
1

1
3

1
2

465.00
347.00

9*^

9,1

3
1

6
5

3,207
3.500
2,437

33,138
9,000

4
3
2

"12

"6
"3

2
5
5

1
2

2,116.76

2,000.00

755.90

6,490.55

2,000.00

755.90

Robert Van Orden

John M . Rowley

Mrs. Annetta Humphries
and William J. Conway.
Claude A. Allen

9fi

30,000

i»

9<)

40,000

2,017.50

6
4

1
2
1
1

1
2

3
3

1
4

1
2

1
1

13
3

i
I

193
3

"2
1
3

David L Kelly

* 1

■■• 4

■ 4
1

■ 8

■• 6
••■ 4

" 16

• 6
... J

... J

1 3
■ ■ 6
10 ^\

■■■ 2

■« ?
... 1

8 39

... 5

... 2

... 8
... 6
... 1

... 1

44,876

9,500
'57.829
16,000
54,944

13 293

1,691

1
3

609.00

'i,802.00
180.00
397.50

117.00

609.00

' 1, '802.00
180.00

Dr. Maurice Kne and
Mrs. Annetta Humphries

L.E.Cobb

Mrs. Annetta Humphries
Clifford W. Brown

32
33

3,806

375

397.50 RuBsel 0. Summers and

207.00

Mrs. Annetta Humphries

Nicholas Varhall

H. George Hughes

Julius Durstewitz and

John McGann

Philip LeBoutillier

Frank A. Deisler

James P. Craig and

John McGann

George D. Butler

Mary S. Welles

James k Breslin

H. W. Heilmann

John F. FoT

13,000

507,688
'65,548

72.'i.OOO
93,000

28,000
16,200

18.680
11,746

25
5

2
6

6
7

2
2

5
2

1,680.00
4,089.68

15,000.00
3,500.00

312.00
420.00

572.00

2,328

"1
3

1,600.00

Sil2,00
420.00

572.00

I
2

93,485

107.677
18..50fl
86.000

'98,819

27,400

6,204

284,289

3
6
1
1

2
2
6

3
6
4
4

8
2
4

2
2

6
1
2

2
3
2

5,000

5
5

40,000
19,770

1
2

2
5

2.340.00
3,754.00

6,340.00
3,803.01

Franklin G. Armstrong. .

Ralph L. Huttenioch. . . .

Robert L. King

Gerald R. Griffin

George W. Earl

RrnPSt H ftpihprt

69,150

1,600

2
8

2
5

49
50

33,630.48

4,335.50

37,965.98

'2,922,796
83,706
15,588
50,510

'51,000

424,388

12,000

4,353

153,536

24
3
3

24
3

28,451.75
810.00
367.50

28,451.75

5*>

3
3

1
2
2

810.00 Willinm V.rfV

947

3
1

2
2

367.50

Mrs. .A.nnetta Humphries
Charles E. Reed

Luther R. Hoffman

Anthony L. Brown

Louis Katz and

Mrs. Annetta Humphries

Mrs. .\nnf;tta Hamphriea

18
10

1
1

4
2

1,121.50
570.00

172.00

1,121.60
570.00

172.00

7,200
56

5S
5»

PLAYGROUND AND COMMUNITY
__^ Footnotes follow

STATE AND
CITY

Popula
tion

Managing
Authority

Recreation Leadership

(Not Including

Emergency Workers)

Volun-

Paid

teer

Workers

Woikera

^ =

o
1

•s

riW

z;h

Expenditures Last Fiscal Year
(Not Including Emergency Funds)

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Uplceep,

Supplies

and

Incidentals

Salaries and Wages

For
Leadership

Other
Services

Total

N. J.— Continued

Passaic

Passaic County". .

PaterBon

Perth Amboy

Philtipsburg

South Orange . .

School District of
So. Orange and
Maplewood. .

Summit .......

Teanecic

Tenafiy.
Trenton .

Union County**.

Ventnor

Washington ....
West Orange. . .

New Mexico

Chimayo

Dawson.
Deming.

Raton . . .

New York

.ybany

Amsterdam .
Auburn

PlainBeld.
Radburn . .
Rahway. .

Ridgefield

RidgefieldPark.
Rutherford

Beacon

Binghamton

Boonville

Briarcliff Manor*'

Buffalo.

Chautauqua Co."

Corning

Dansville

Delmar

Dobbs Ferry" . . .

Dunkirk

East Aurora

Eastchester*' ....

Elmira

Erie County" . . .

Floral Park

Geneva

Glens Falls

GioveraviUe

Goshen

Harrison"'

Hartsdale"

Hastings-on-

Hudson"

Hempstead

Herkimer

Hornell

Hudson

Hudson Falls

Huntington

Uion

63,000
301,351
138,000
43,000
19,250

37,000

1,500

17,000

11,239
14,915

13,500

35,084
15,000
16,483

6,000
123,356

305,030

6,674

4,409

25,000

1,000

2,000
3,377
6,090

135,030

34,815
38,030

12,033

80,030

2,0SS

1,798

573,076

63,539

17,244
5,030
3,003
5,633

17,033
4,968

23,340

47,397

762,408

10,030

16,000

20,030
23,099

5,000
10.030

2,300

7,097
22,000
12,000
16,250
12,337

6,700
26,539|
10,000

Recreation Bureau, Park Department. .
County Park Conmiission

31
3
21
24

2
5

1
1
2
3

2
2
1

40
....

1
2

706.00

7,935.00

459.39

4,400.00

4,250.00

1,336.28

5,729.22
4,360.00

360.00

9C.0O

250.00

405.00

1,050.00

8,985.00

459.39

8,531.00

7,750.00

1,336.28

6,729.22
4,360.00

360.00

90.00

250.00

437.00
7,.500.0O

9,690.00
24.462.67
10,771.00
12,750.00

1,536.28

9,000.00
7,125.00

510.00

160.00

750.00

718.46

9,703.00

Board of Recreation

20
22

2,240.00
4,000.00

200.00

2,270.78
2,765.00

150.00

70.00

50C.00

81.46

2,200.00

4,131.00
3,500.00

Municipal Recreation Department. . . .
Department of Parks and Public Build-
ings and Citizens' Recreation Com-

1,000.00

Recreation Commission

1
4

1,000.00

Board of Education and Recreation
Committee, E. R. A

Parent Teacher Association and E. R. A.

Department of Public Works

1
1
3

1
2
1

Council of Parent Teacher Associations
andE.R..A

Recreation Commission

200.00

32.00

Board of Recreation Commissioners . . .
Board of Education and E. R. A

School Board

3,330.77
71.26

200.00

2,198.55

22,642.71

125.00

60.00

2,850.00

3,597.00
320.00

7,28.5.00
11.00

10,882.00
331.00

14,212.77
442.26

'200.00

11,609.05

100,648.36

165.00

1,040.00

12,737.00

40.00

Playground Division, Department of
Parks and Public Property

9,310.50

23,267.20
40.03
80.00

9,310.50

78,005.65

40.00

980.00

9,887.00

57,738.45

Parent Teacher Association and E. R. A.
Board of Recreation

90D.00

Department of Parks and Playgrounds.

National Mission Board of Presbyterian
Church

8
3

Public Schools

350.00

City of Raton

50.00

3,174.20
1,587.00

348.00

500.00

2,465.00

550.00

'19,141.20
14,995.01

2,100.00
3,000.00
12,665.00
'2,272.00
3,200.00

235,532.68

11,728.00

1,650.00

4,895.44

325.00

Board of Education, Bureau of Parks

and Department of Public Works . . .

Recreation Commission

50
39

33
5

15,967.00
5,348.00

1,620.00
500.00

15,967.00
8,711.00

1,752.00

600.00

10,200.00

24
2

4
4

4,697.01

3,363.00
132.00

Booker T. Washington Community
Center"

School Board

46
"4
24

2,000.00

Department of Parks and Recreation. .
Oneida County E. R. A

2,272.00

1,632.00
30,093.63

2,000.00

500.00

1,895.44

25.00

350.00
75,660.12

8,728.00

300.00

1,072.83

300.00

1,218.00
126,608.93

1,568.00
202,169.05

8,728.00

300.00

3,000.00

300.00

Division of Recreation, Department

4
2

3,270.00

1,000.00
850.00

Eitension Department, Board of
Education

Board of Public Works

3
2
1

1
6

9
1

1,927.17

Board of Education

School Board

1
4

1,220.62

500.00

1,200.34

280.00

3,970.00
1,500.00

400.00
484.42

900.00

1,684.76

280.00

3,970.00
1,555.00

2,120.62

1,684.76

340.00

5,263.19

1,805.00

5,311.08

4,210.00

2,200.00

4,196.10

11,225.69

5,949.45

308.68

300.00

276.78

475.00
1,621.09
2,633.67

476.40
1,692.27

500.00
5,188.06
2,471.95

Mothers' Club

Division of Recreation, Department of
Public Welfare"

60.00

1,293.19
250.00

10
25

69
10

School Board

56.00

496.88

1
3
10
1
3
1

1
4
8

1
2

6
8
5
2

1,740.00

600.00
1,400.00
2,028.16
5,057.50
2,525.65
300.00
250.00

150.00

400.00
975.00
1,160.00
234.00
645.00
282.00

1,870.00

800.00

780.00

1,236.45

2,603.00

2,470.00
2,200.00
2,808.16
6,263.95
5,128.65
300.00
250.00

240.00

400.00
975.00

1,160.00
234.00
756.71
282.00

4,623.75
182.50

Park Board

«1
2

1
3

270.99

1,116.95

4,961.74

820.80

8.68

50.00

35.78

75.00

146.09

1,473.67

112.56

29.78
218.00
564.31

Rotary Club

School Board and T. E. R. A

.School District No. 7, Town of Green-

1
1

2
6

90.00

School Board

500.00

Recreation Commission

129.84
805.78

111.71

Playground Board

4,623.75

471.93

182.50

RECREATION STATISTICS FOR 1934

the table

Playgrounds

Ilecreatio:i

Indoor

Recreation

Centers

J
E

s
n

a
z

•0
w

i
■1

J
a
tj
z

be
c

'a
a

a
1

1
a
s

a
a

Emergeocy Service

Source of
Information

Leadership

Buildings

Paid
Leadership

Expenditures

a
«
g

1
1
1

•a

^■3 8

111
ill

g
S
•s

Em-
ployed

Full
Time

Land,

BuildingB.
Permanent
Equipment

Leader-
ship

Total

s
•s

■0
d

•z

d
Z

8
2

7
2

26
11

12
3

1
5
1

2
5

1
8

1
1
4

511,366

«34,980

850,000

72,480

116,769

'210,400
'34,000

30,835

2,433

10,109

'18,000

90,000

45,741

43,200

15
4

5
3
15
2

7
5

3
2
12
2

3
5

1
5

5,000.00

812.50

6,083.40

1,560.00

2,851.86
6,240.00

5,000.00

812.50

88,610.52

1,560.00

2,851.86
6,240.00

Reeve B. Harris

Fredericlt W. Loede, Jr..

Alfred P. Cappio

Charles T. Kochek

Nicholas Varhall and
William H. Fisher....

R. 0. Schlenter

Robert B. Hudson

Raymond E. Drake and
Mary S. Welles

Mrs. Annetta Humphries
and Carl Mortenson . .

E. S. Ferris

2
3

1
1

5,000
14,000

11,598

4
12

6
2

15,000
18,868

9,600

26,751
40,000

7
4

75,638.02

"i
1

6
4

1
1
5

1
1

19
4

2
2

2
"2

1
3

1
1

4,000
12,875

1
2
2
2

1,136.00
135.00
197.50
765.00
132.00

1
2

1
3
5

4
3

1
1

9
10

660

R. E. Rahmes and Mrs.

Annetta Humphries. . ,

Joseph J. Farrell

H. Marjoric Wilson

H. S Kennedy

13
14

"i
1

1
2

7
2

78,398
'10,197

2,000

1,544

4,740
200

1,000

1
6

2
2

4,092.00
273.00

Mrs. Annetta Humphries

and Salvatore Salerno.

E.L.Williams

Alma R. Duch and

MaryG. GiU

F. S. Mathewson

Pauline Weatcott

George W. Miller

William J. Hulighan

Zoe Ellsworth

15
16

1
2

35
16

2
4

1
1

1
1
1

748.80

1,881.00
184.00
300.00
125.00

748.80

1,881.00
184.00
980.00
125.00

'483,612

4,653

16,950

440,000

i»i

17
18
19
20
21

22
23
24
25

26
27

28
29
30
31
32

1
1

1
4

1
3

2
9

680.00

1
1

1
3

Charles Schoepf

Mrs. Ada Atwater

Frederick F. Futterer . . .
Allen T. Edmunds

Mrs. J. M. Pollard

42,000.00

21
2

2
2

' i

28
5

1
1
9

525,000
141,736

14
4

50,000
23,295

400

6
2

20
2

1
1
8

9
"5

4
2

47,778.29

4,026.25

1,250.00

200.00

6,148.00

51,804.54

1,250.00
16,200.00
28,775.82
10,627.00

10,360

16,000.00
22,627.82
10,627.00

449,122

F. J. Pierson

Benjamin L. Williams. . .
Alfred H. Pearson

Joseph F. Suttner and
F. J. Downing

Carl H. Burkhardt

S. C. Weir

■\?.

1
21

4
2

1
24

1
2

5
1

7
8

1
1
3

1
50

16
2

1
1
1
4

3
65

1
7

33
a

4,963,219

480,372
154,485

270,330

83
26

745,815
94,440

56
22

46
4

649,271.79

6,240.00

25,614.00
3,300.00

656,511.79

45,626.50
5,850.00

16
1
2

1
1
3

3
6

21
2
4
5
2
7

2,550.00

34
35
36
37
38
39
40

41
42
43
44
45
46

W.O.Drake

W.J. Braman

S. L. Butterfield

Peter J. Carpenter

Karl Hoeppner.

Mrs. A. E. Nield

Vivian 0. Wills

Joseph F. Riley, Jr

Arthur B. Weaver

James H. Glenn

W A Gracey

1ft

'3,000

5,000

31,848

67,213

"i
i

5,256

2,046.00

'58,457

11
2

8,173
34,400

17,400

1
4

6
5
2
1
3

6
5

6
1
4

275.00

5,984.00

6,866.00

i
1

1
6
6

1
1

1
3
4
3
4

1
6
7
4
3
1
1

2
3
4
3
4

16,944
64,000

230,479
85,981

'35,000
3,800

1
7

"\2

1
1

13,367.91

27,659.76
10,405.25
9,900.75

1 Ruth Sherburne

A. E. Severn

L. McDonald

8,669.60

2
1

1
1

1
1
2
1
2
1

1
2

9,900.75

47
48
49

51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58

450.00

Kate A. Wasserscheid. . .

Marvin O.Williams....

John L. Hopkins

F. W. Loeb.

'1,806

15,501
7,350

9
5
2

Mrs. John Campbell

T. H. Robinson

D. S. Mac Donald

David S. Fisk.

14,554
25,782

1
2
1

9,461.87

1,109.00

10,570.87

1
2

A. L. Page

169.33

PLAYGROUND AND COMMUNITY

Footnotes follow

■ STATE AND
CITY

Popula-
tion

Managing
Authority

Recreation Leadership

(Not Including
Emergency Workers)

Expenditures Last Fiscal Year
(Not Including Emergency Funds)

s
•s

Paid
Workers

Volun-
teer
Woikera

•8

■s

o
d
S5

s
•s

Und,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Upkeep,

Supplies

and

Incidentals

Salaries and Wages

Total

.§

For
Leadership

Other
Services

Total

N. Y.— Cont.

20,70&

45,155

13,900

11,000

16,482

26,000

5,000

12,000

948

6,100

4,471

5,300

63,000

31,275

54,000
7,000,000

75,460

7,500
19,019
6,392

10,668

12,636
16,000
12,500
4.500
23,000
717

43,000
500

11,000
400

328,132

16,000

34,000

13,600

11,000

1.411

3,500

8,000

3,948

209,275

6,841

75,000

104,000
33,000
16,083

520,947

36,836
136,000

62,000
2,339
5,500
82,675
52,037
17,094

17,600

61,000
6,070

40,000
6,532
1,600

21,412

75,288

6,200

«46,950.00
600.00

382.60
200.00

3,600.80
600.00

66.60
176.00

3,567.40
776.00

50,900.00
1,676.00

M
P
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

M4P
M

P
M

M
M
M

M
M
M
M
M
M
P
M

M
M&P

M
CAP

P
M

P
M
M

M&P

M
1 M

M
M4P

Tamestown

fohnson City

Tohnstown

School Board

2
2

30
1
3
1

Public Schools

2
2
4

100.00
948.57
114.64
600.00
314.00

450.00
1,592.16
2,832.38
1,100.00

657.00

450.00
4,487.62
2,832.38
1,100.00

678.C0

550.00
5,436.19
2,947.02
1,600.00

992.00
1,622.75

2,896.47

Lackawanna

Le Roy

1
1

21.00

Vlamaroneck*' ....

Vliddleburgh

VIontrose*''

75.00

263.02

300.00

2,796.13

3,488.34

300.00
12,000.00

1,052.35

150.00

26.00

274.30

100.00

2,641.13

8,168.80

175.00

274.30

500.00

23,398.80

16.960.16

606.88
661.934.50

3.619.58

250.00

627.32

1,000.00

28,464.91

25,462.36

906.88
'573,934.60

4,571.93

18,200.00

36,336.89
2,932.60
3,100.00
3,600.00

448.00

1,830.00
550.00

7.500.00

1.475.00
10.626.00

6.200.00
5897.73

7,615.64
26,600.00

8,500.00

2,063.68

2,400.00

99,054.34

1.000.00

6.086.48

2.244.60

1.000.00

6.469.45

770.00

200.00

165.00

38.489.28

2.476.00

29.400.00

34.175.50

VIount Kisco"

Vlount Vernon*' . .
^ewburgh

New Rochelle" . . .
New York City. . .

Niagara Falls

North Tarrytown"
North Tonawanda
Nyaek

3
18
17

"6
2

200.00
2,269.98
6,013.86

400.00
20,757.67
8,801.36

606.88
301,934.50

2,190.83

35
16

2
90

2
1

I'i

106
3
2

136
1

1
2

"260,000.00
1,328.76

Brooklyn Parks and Playgrounds

Community Councils of the City of

Recreation Commission, Bureau of
Parks

7,986.62

28..351.27

Community Center Association"

200.00

800.00

2,100.00
3,600.00

25.00

670.00

300.00

5,026.11

1,400.00

2,100.00
3,600.00

26.00

1.030.00
350.00
6.201.11
1,400.00
1.325.00
4.200.00

Beard of Education

Recreation Committee, Women's Civic

170.00
26C.00

253.00

560.00
200.00
836.01

Park and Playground Commission and
Emergency Recreation Committee. .

1
4
10
2
3
4

360.00

60.00

1,175.00

i!2

Ossining"

Pelham"

'462.88

75.00

8.000.00

Pleasantville"* ....

Port Chester*'

Port Leyden

Poughkeejisie

Purchase"'

Rensselaer ,.:....
Rhinecliff

Rochester

Rockville Center. .
Rome

1,300.00
1,000.00

3,072.00

1.128.00

897.73
1.756.96
19.500.CO

22
2
1

1
7

1,426.68
3,600.00

4,082.00
500.00

3.50.00
3.000.00

4.432.00
3.500.00

1 RonrH of Piihlir Works

The Purchase Community, Inc

68.23

1,985.46
1,800.00
14,942.91

1.985.45
2.400.00
79,750.32

,30

Morton Memorial Library and. Com-

1
12

600.00
64.807.41

Eiviaion of Playgrounds and Recrea-

7
2

23
1
3

19,304.02

Board of Public Works

500.00

500.00
1.000.00

3.686.48

282.00

1.000.00

1.600.00
962.50

5,086,48

1,244.50

1,000.00

2,191.67

470.00

200.00

60.00

32.322.23

1.725.00

23.165.00

9.660.00

Saratoga Springs . .

Scarsdale*'

Schuylerville

Sea Cliff

Woman's Club and School Board

3(i

1,541.18
300.00

1.736.60
100.00

2.191.67
50.00

Villaffp of Sea ClifF

1
2
2

46
1

15
24

420.00

200.00

60.00

16,920.62

1.725.00

8.350.00

9.660.00

Spring Valley

1
19

12
20

30.00

76.00

6.167.05

750.00

6.235.00

2.175.00

4(1

e
1
2
2

15.401.71

Tarryto»n"

Troy

14,815.00

Utioa

Watertown

Watervliet

Westchester Co. . ,
White Plains"....

22,340.50

1 Pirk Board

IS
21
44

7
56
42

5.960.00

1.370.00

35.126.50

5,960.00

1,370.00

57,917.30

8.960.00

1.720.00

117.847.25

649.916.61

27.389.50

2,850.00

63.000.45

4.1

200.00

150.00
59.929.95

4«

/ County Recreation Commission™ . . ,

22.790.80

I Recreation Park Commission

i
67

'"7
70

600.00

360.00
10.591.96

2.000.00
22,518.00

2,000.00
62,408.50

49;Yonkcrs"'

29.890.60

411

North Carolina

Asheville

Brevard

1 Negro Welfare CounciPS

1,500.00

1.500.00

Y.M.C. A

Park and Recreation Commission

1
4

2e
1

1.280.00
6.092.32
4.576.00

124.57

1.487.42
5.097.03

732.00
3,710.00
6,612.25

283.33

2,400.00
4,968.67

732.00
9,655.64
8,439.25

1,478.80

3,566.48
4,968.67

2.012.00
14.977.15
18.890.45

1.603.37

10.565.90
20.486.42

.53

Charlotte

Durham

Gastonia

Goldsboro ........

Greensboro

Hendersonville. . . .
High Point

■ 14

1
3

229.19
5,875.20

5.945.64
1.827.00

1.195.4"

1.166.48

=18

....

Parks and Playgrounds Committee

,5.1

Wayne County Memorial Community

1
10

2
"5

"is

5.512.00
10,420.72

Golf and Country Club

.59

Parks and Juvenile Commission

1
2

5,000.00
28.00

6,900.00
16.80
66.00

3,000.00
100.00
800.00

3,000.00
120.00
800.00

14.900.00

164.80

866.00

4.271.00

11.941.84

6.500.00

20.00

Montreal

Rocky Mount ....
Winston-Salem . . .

North Dakota

Devils I^ke

Mountain Retreat Association

fi?

Public Recreation Commission

Board of Park Commissioners

17.78

3,627.94

6,403.84

1.892.31

8,296.16

RECREATION STATISTICS FOR 1934

the table

Playgrounds

Recreation

Indoor

Recreation

Centers

-s"

1
<

•S"
g

i
1

_D
'2

1
.a

i
1
1

a
■2

■3

Emergency Service

Source of
Information

Leadership

BuildingB

Paid
Leadership

Expenditures

•n

B
i

*rt

III

■3^8

•s

Em-
ployed

Full
Time

Land.
Buildings.
Permanent
Equipment

Leader-
ship

Total

o
d

g
S

■s

•s

g
2
3

<34,050
1,500
47,136
<7,500
18,000

<40,267

6
2
4

15,701
1,700

145.376.00

6.400.00
704.00

151.775.00
704.00

E. E. Bredljenner

Jessie B. Cooper

Harry 0. Watson

H. B. Eccleston

Ruth A. Hine.

7,500

3
3

1
1
4
1
2

19
4

7
6

2,500
1,200

7,039

Henry G. Nadin

Michael McGuire

Edward J. Reifsteck . . . .
R. J. Whitney

1
1

'5,000

15,000

1
1

James P. Daniels

Frank G. Lindsey

Percy R. Haskins

Walter E. Huelle

R. W. Cammack

Douglas G. Miller and
W. J. Blake

6,000

. 2

300.00
822.90

ie
2

16
5

10
198

27,000
'269,300
974,567

'71,737
'»38,963,858

150,000

3
15

17,500
75,607

2
6
6

6
154

6
8

4
325

20
40

22
383

38,701
200,165

7
12

18
134

18.000.00
36.215.92

16.767.20
17.268.00

4.620.25
294.469.56

43.150.79
68.175.66

4.620.25
294.469.56

i69
4

10
26

...
4

Edward k. Wilson

J. V. MulhoUand and

Louise Edwards

Evelyn R. Meyers

Frank Peer Heal

Victor de Wysocki

J. M. Pollard. Sr

Earl Brooks

"642,775

293

113

7
16
2
5

4
2

31,500

26,608
17,750
10,410
69,611

3
19

100

42
2
3
8

16
2
5

100

27
2
2
1

1
2

60.000.00

20.673.50
308.00

60.000.00

34.335.64
308.00

'69,305

45,426

4
3

3
13

6
3
6
3

36,100
60,000

6,000

39,762

15,000

165,000

3
5

3
2
2

10.244.00

440.00

5.304.40

200.00

3,438.00

16.244.00

440.00

5.776.50

2DO.O0

3,408.00

W. L. Ramsay

•^n

3,750
3,000

1
1

7
6
7

W. E. Long

205,400

Mary M. Halpin

F. M. Smith

?„■)

Charles E. Canfield

Doris E. Russell

Leon H. Smith.

?fi

206,034

12,888

8,214.23

8.214.23
1.652.28

i!7

1
6
4
2
2

46
3

11
9
4

1,652.28

92,777

3
2

SamJ. Kalloch

Thomas F. Lawlor

Marion D. Coday

William J. Adams

Harriett E. Woolley

Gertrude M. Hartnett . .

Floyd B. Brower

Charles W. Havens

Patrick B. Kearney

Clinton S. Leonard

Percy R. Haskins

John H. Dickson

Anna L. Murtagh

C. Eberhard

VV. A. Barry

20,603.90

20.603.90

9
4

34
4

7
1
3

29,560

9,000

'•3,235,331

16.000

11
2

20
2
8
2
3

665,780.98

28.997.83

663,380.06

800

260,000

11,030

10,870.90

1.800.03

12,670.90

1
3

8,750

14,234.96

14
3
9

'3,826

3,068,390

79,964

'142,897

507,645

180.00

57.146.57

2.645.00

180.00

1.400.280.95

2.545.00

262,000
6.430

1,000,000
11,988

3
2

84
2
25
18
24
14
2

'3
3

1
1

158
,6

89
2

1,265,511.18

Mildred M. Wheeler. . . .

I
1
2
4

23.267.13

23.267.13
58.087.55
28.648.24

M. Esthyr Fitzgerald. . .

A'. J. Gray

William I. Graf

John J. Hackett

E. Dana Caulkins

Hermann W. Merkel. . . .

Frank T. Hanlon

Frank B. Mc Govern . . .
James F. Mc Crudden . .

Weldon Weir

8,087.55
28,648.24

4
4

66,317
88,030

4f)

232,698

16.730.74

22.138.58

6
2
5

10
6

6
6

1
1

281.520

47,887

861,269

38.125

1,839.08

19.382.00

21.221.08

6
17

4fl

103.623

2
3

18,148.00

53,021

'i9,'l'35.86

'i9.i35'.86

L. G. BlackuB

Noah Hallowell

a. C. Suttles

Lacy Ranson

C7 R.Wood

W. L. BalthU

R. C. Robinson

Daniel R. Neal

Noah Hallowell

W. F. Bailey

,')l

1
"3

.■i?

is
3

3
10

36,812

205,030

81,550

167,992

10,500
'69,609

1
1
2

105,382
10,000
16,732

1
7
5

1
1

14
12

1
4

8
12

3
29

96.486.44
19.840.00

12.262.60
760.00

6.217.60

246.00
3.250.00

109,617.44
21,100.00

6.829.15

11.383.50

36.740.45

"35.328.28

285.000.00

529.75

.53

9
16

22,344

Sfi

104,717
1,500

1
4

350
16,795

11.137.50
28.400.00
36.328.28
75.000.00

57
SS

\' ■

57
58

Sfl

12
3

201.000

6,000

650

13
3

16
13

10.000.00
499.30

«n

3
1

Mary A. Honey

Albert R. Bauman

L. B. Aycock

Loyd B. Hathaway

Noel Tharalson

500

1
1
3

5
4

10
1

....

169.20

312,025

18,779

16
2

PLAYGROUND AND COMMUNITY
Footnotes follow

STATE AND
CITY

Popula-
tion

Managing
Authority

Recreation Leadership

(Not Including
Emergency Workers)

Expenditures Last Fiscal Year
(Not Including Emergency Funds)

4-
1

c
a

■s

Paid
Workers

Volun-

teer
Wotkera

o
d
Z

•s

s
•s

a
•s

Land.
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Upkeep.

Supplies

and

Incidentals

Total

•s

For
Leadership

Other
Services

Total

•3
d

N. Dakota— Cont.

Grand Forks

Lisbon

Valley City

Ohio

17.000
1,650
6,268

250,040

7,000
2,035
6,688

104,906
4,500

460.000

900,429

1,250,000
53,000

290,564

4,500

200,982

9,000

39,000

500

52,000

589,356

75,000
42,000
44,000
33,000

1,400

5,518
30,000
32,000
16.000

2,648
17,000
42,560

5,632
10,622

6.800
70.000
35.418

290,718

8,500
5,500
10,800

170,000

36,440

20,000
9.621
2.236

10.000
200.000

141.258

5.000
8,848
18,901
5,000

8,000
2,500
6,626

301,815

26,266

1,500
1,374,410

Board of Park CommissionerB

1
1

527.44
300.00

2,016.26
700.00

1,782.75
500.00

1,367.93

3,150.78
500.00

5.694.38
1.600.00

M
M
M

M&P
MAP
M4P
MAP

MAP

M
M
P

P
M
M
M

M
MAP

P
MAP

P
P
M
P
M
M
P
M

P
M
M
M

M
M
M

P
P

M
M

MAP

Board of Education

25
10
4

13,000.00

5,956.48

7.448.49
4.410.00

2.700.00

10,148.49
4,410.00

29.104.97
'*26,010.00

\ Municipal Recreation Commission. .

90
14

BlufFton

285

117

66
108

3,000.00

75.00
601.90

15.357.86
375.00

61.725.19

142,653.13

28,773.40

2,424.75

100.00

176.00
601.90

17.292.36
460.00

89,433.06

175,642.74

28,773.40

2,424.75

3,175.00

2,220.92

23,937.44

650.0n

302,049.94

215,927.58

33,239.65

3,893.42

"19,399.19

25,364.03

62.031.67

177.29

100.564.24
1.050.00
9,678.03

Bowling Green

Canton ....

1,619.02

4.559.62

150.00

38.786.74

40.284.84
4.466.25
1,468.67

Recreation Board, City .School District.

Recreation Commission

Public Recreation Commission

[ Department of Parks and Public

2.085.46

50.00

173,830.15

1.934.50

76.00

27,707.86

32,989.61

Cincinnati"

Cleveland

Cleveland Metro-
politan Pk. Dist.
Cleveland Heights.

Columbus

81
148
16

44
25

32
1

2
5

Division of Public Recreation, Board of

5.680.80

11,684.01

37.29

24,358.28
500.00

12.429.68
19.557.91

7,253.55

4,189.75

140.00

52,943.43
250.00

19.683.23

23.747.66

140.00

68.986.92
550.00

26,600.00

1>i

Kelly Park Board

Dayton

Bureau of Recreation, Division of Parks,

Department of Public Welfare

Men's East Defiance Booster Club. . . .

14
1
5

1
8

1
55
27

1
3

7,209.04

16,043.49
300.00

East Cleveland

Hamilton

Hamilton County. .

Lakewood

Department of Parks and Recreation . .
Division of Recreation, Department of

2
12

12,039.30

2,720.00

18,585.29

5,134.07

50.00

2,748.02

4,000.00

600.00

6,600.00

3,851.62

13,859.88

1,886.00

1,150.00

5,416.53

814.60

6,700.00

1,212.15

1,200.00

19.256.70

20,171.91

3.920.00

1.390.00

1.200.00

212.00

93.026.00

39.751.52

4.600.00

1.040.00

600.00

750.00

1.440.60

550.00

71.270.31

11,640.00

1,550.00

400.00
681.61
327.13

309.86
105.00

420.00
83,285.06

3,694.73

250.00
16,120.00

440.00

4,109.11

1,239.91

50.00

890.96

2,280.00
14,476.18
3,241.36

2.280.00
14.476.18
3.614.16

■>■)

380.00

272.80

'>1

'>';

Mansfield

Mariemont

Miamisburg

Middletown

1,867.06

1,857.06

»20

1
2
3
10
1
6
5

600.00

100.00

600.00

1
2
1
9

200.00
337.09

1,101.76

2,248.79

166.00

2,549.87
119.00

3.6S1.62

2,367.79

156.00

Niles .

Recreation Service and Park Board . . .

Y.M.C. A

School Board

11,156.00

North Canton

Piqua

20
23

Portsmouth

Rocky River

460.00

927.73

625.00

3,403.80

4,028.80

.34

•^',

Memorial Building Association

3
2

1
19

1
1
1

29
9

13
3

1
5

33
11

....

2
11

1,000.00
600.00

3.060.00
204.16

2,040.00
408.00

600.00

2,640.00
408.00

.35

South Euclid

Springfield

Steubenville

38
39

Department of Parks and Recreation . .
Division of Recreation, Department
of Public Works

»1

1,536.86

889.53

300.00
40.00

5,728.76

1,306.86

2.000.00

150.00

405.00

92.00

15.000.00

7,358.55

600.00

120.00

8,126.22

3,864.86

11,991.08

17.975.52

1,620.00

1.200.00

796.00

120.00

76.000.00

24.982.34

4.000.00

920.00

500.00
760.00
916.70
300.00

62.727.17

8.640.00

720.00
300.00
550.32

38
39

Van Wert

Wapakoneta

Wooeter

Frederick Douglass Community Asso-

6
220

1,620.00

1.200.00

375.00

120.00

16.585.00

4.920.34

4.000.00

920.00

500.00
750.00
700.00
300.00

17.011.04

5,940.00

120.00
300.00
527.70

Y. M. C. A '

School Board

I
1
16
1
5
6

420.00

Kiwanis Club and F. E. R. A

Youngstown

Zanesville

Oklahoma

Bartelflville

Blackwell

Cherokee

Guthrie .

1
1

3,026.00
7,410.63

58.415.00
20,062.00

] Mill Creek Park Commission

Y.M.C. A...

3
2

523.90
250.00

6.326.91

3.000.00

30.00
100.00
131.29

'^ 21 6.70

City of Guthrie

«9

Oklahoma City . .
Tulsa

Park Recreation Department and
School Board

38
2

1
■4

60
2

2.216.23

45.716.13
2.700.00

600.00

Board of Park Commissioners

Park Board

Oregon

.Ashland

80C.00

Bend

School Board

1
3

Eugene

22.62

Grants Pass

La Grande

Playground and Recreation Association

2
34

1
9

5
5

19.86

290.00
75.00

320.00
21.371.40

1,915.00

200.00
9.300.00

290.00
106.00

320.00
21.371.40

2,047.00

200.00
12.460.00

30.00

Pendleton

Portland

Playground Committee, Parks Com-

100.00

Playground Division, Bureau of Parks. .

31
3

Salem

1,172.91

474.82

50.00
1.200.00

132.00

Pennsylvania

Alden

Allegheny Co.™.. .

Playground Association

Recreation Bureau, Department of
Parks

2.460.00

3,160.00

RECREATION STATISTICS FOR 1934

the table

Playgrounds

Under
leadership

rr'

□

c
O

S
i^

"e3

■s

■21
Ha

Recreation
Buildings

"-30
S = c

ill

Indoor

Recreation

Centers

Emergency Service

Paid

Leadership

Em-

ployed

Full

Time

Expenditures

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Leader-
ship

Total

Source of
Information

10,396
10,500

<70O,547

49,960
12,000

5.50,000

38,700

"1,519,197

<1,094,008

1,841,800

282,216

703,551

1,096,132
12,000

'1,250

327,373

269,237

18,000

184,938

28,000

141,025
<69,192

60,000
154,500

164.900

'45,068
138,377

'732,883

15,700
10,000
20,150

209,652
27,255

"9,000

5,600
18,750

«3,0I9,570
382,000

11,000
26,000
'42,750

15,000

'13,163
'938,040

143,392

'2,500

55,311

172,254
102,433

56,642
25,000

71,759
76,640
78,673

14,400

204,278

500

22,500
160,000

19,000
' 708,712

299,728

38,713

518,125
11,736

5,200

7,176
4,500

3,500
4,056

1,950

750
2,600

8,000

9,000

2 4

108

11,875.45

105,159.62

1,119,716.81

142,058.00

3,000.00
5,661.03

15,000.00

100,000.00

2,000.00

1,569.00
57,000.00

920.00

35,000.00
4,500.00

65.00
' 10,120.80
'41,003.03

12,516.00

20,162.00

695.00

14,976.00
4,950.00
9,373.42

2,042.42

1,980.15
1,025.20

200.00

750.00

931.00
1,440.00

32,000.00

625.00

621.60
1,200.66

7,092.00
6,955.20

280.00

67.50
519.00

281.00
10,948.63

11,875.45

Frances B. Kannowski.

C. G, Mead

D.W.Clark

35,000.00
10,426.00

65.00

115,280.42
,168424.21

Milton H. Saitz...
Rowan R. White .. .
.Arthur H. Rhoads. .
Robert Schaeublin..

Mabel Young

C. W. Schnake

Walter A. McElroy. .
Tarn Derring

A. S. Kubu

G.I. Kern

George P. Bauer .

174,603.00

40,162.00

695.00

16,472.40
7,950.00
15,520.45

15,000.00

1,993.44
104,025.20

200.00
2,000.00

750.00

2,500.00
62,040.00

32,000.00

2,800.00
621.60

1,200.00

7,092.00
6,955.20

280.00

" 1,562.3:
67.50

519.00
75.00

281.00
10.948.63

6,984.96

930.00

W. A. Stinchcomb. .

Earle D, Campbell .

Grace English

Mrs. A. A. Remy.. .

Paul F. Schenck. .
R. B. Cameron. . .

H. L. Green

E. C. Derbyshire.
L.J.Smith

G. S. DeSolc Neal

Sophie T. Fishback

H. G. Danford

J. P. Seitters

Philip Smith

Warren W. Parks

Leo Wall

D. W. .lacot

L. G. Millisor

W. G. Llewellyn

Charles B. Williams ....
R. S. Mote

E. V. Leach

Frank Mitchell

J.M.Kelly

Mrs. Carl L. Seith

Anna M. Tennant

Homer Fish

Gordon Jeffery

Clarence L. Thomas .

S. A. Miller

Carl D. Fischer, Jr.. .

B. C. Bresson

Lionel Evans

A. E. Davies

John H. Chase

J.T.Walker

C. C. Custer. . . .
Dwight Randall..

Ira A. HUl

E. C. Hafer

G. W. Danielson and

Herachel Emery. . . .
Roy U. Lane

Eleanor Coombe . . .
R. E. McCormack.
Frances E. Baker . .
C. R. Ihier and

E. B. Thompson .
Elmo Stevenson . . .
rt'.W. Silver

Mrs. A. C. Mclntyre. . .
Katharine E. Funk and

F.I. Roth

Lestle J. Sparks

Arch Turner

William S. Haddock

PLAYGROUND AND COMMUNITY

Footnotes follow

STATE AND
CITY

Popula-
tioa

Managing
Authority

Recreation Leadership

(Not Including
Emergency Workers)

Expenditures Last Fiscal Year

1
1

Paid

Workers

Volun-
teer
Woikera

(Not Including Emergency l-unds)

S
S
o
d

i
•s

^ E

s
■s

■s

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Upkeep,

Supplies

and

Incidentals

Salaries and Wages

Total

•s

For
Leadership

Other

Services

Total

Penna. — Cont.
Ailentown

Altoona

Aspinwall

Avalon

Beaver Falls . . .
Bethlehem ....

Bradford

Carlisle

Chambersburg .
Coateeville ....

Dormont

Easton

East Stroudsburg
Erie

15 Greensburg .

16 Harrisburg. .

Hazleton . .
Johnstown .
Lancaster. .
Lebanon . , .

Lock Haven . . .
Lower Merion.

Meadville

Mechanicsburg . .
Mount Penn . . . .

New Castle

New Kensington .

OUCity

Palmerton

Philaddphia.

Pho^niwiUe.

Pittsburgh .

Potts town

Punxsutawney .
Reading

Rochester .
St. Marys ,
Scranton . .

Somerset

Souderton

Spring Grove . .
Stroudsburg. . ,

Sunbury

Warren

Waahington. . .
Westchester..
West Reading .

Wilkes Barre and

Wyo. Valley^'. .

Wilkes Barre. . . .

WiUiamsport. . . .

Wyomiasing .
York

98,000

82,054
4,2.36
6,000
17,14'
60,000
10,306
12,596
13,.')00
1.5,000

13,500

38,000

6,000

116,000

16,508

80,339

36,765
67,000
60,000
26,000

9,668
36,000

18,000
5,64
3,500
48,000
25,OD0
22,000
7,600

1,950,961

Recreation Commission and School
Board

669,817

19,030

10,030

111,171

7,726

7,500

140,003

4,395
4,030
1,500
5,700
17,.500
14.863
24,545
12,334
5,000

250,000
86,626
54,936

4,111
57,000

Recreation Commission

Boroueh Council

School Board

Boys' Club

Playground Commission

Borough and School Board

Borough Council

Department of Parks and Public Prop-
erty

Park and Pool Committee, Borough

Council and School Board

Department of Parks and Playgrounds

and School Board

Playground Association

' Department of Parks and Public

Property

, Commissioners of Water Works

Playground Association

[ Department of Physical Education,

j School District

I Bureau of Parks

Y. M.C. A

Municipal Recreation Commission ....
Recreation and Playground .Association
Progressive Playgrounds Association
, Southeastern Playground Association
Playground .Association and Civic Club
Pla.vground Committee, Board of Town-
ship Commissionera

Recreation Commission

Board of Park Commissionera .....

Board of Recreation ...

Park Commission

School Board

Playground .\asociation

Neighborhood House, New Jersey Zinc

Company

' Bureau of Recreation, Department of

Public Welfare

Board of Public Education

Playground and Recreation Associa-
tion

Commissioners of Fairmont Park. . . .

Smith Memorial Playgrounds

Children's Playhouse

Recreation Commission

' Bureau of Recreation, Department of

Public Works

Playground and Vacation School

Association of Allegheny, Inc

Department of Extension Education,

Board of Public Education

Departmeut of Hygiene, Board of

Public Education

Department of Public Safety

^. Soho Public Baths

School Board and Community Chest. .

Board of Edication

Department of Public Playgrounds and

Recreation

Public Sehools

Boys' Club of St. Marys, Inc

Bureau of Recreation, Department of

Public Works

Lions Club

Playground Association

School Board

Kiwanis Club

Park Commission

Recreation Board

Civic Association Recreation Council
Board of Recreation

Playground and Recreation Association

City of Wilkes Barre

Department of Parks and Public Prop-
erty

Playground Association

i Recreation Commission

\ Crispus Attucks Community Center"

2,050.00
1,000.00

1,000.00
800.00

2,702.97

1,893.35

'14

364

4.5

'150

200.00
491.64

3,671,58
125.00
408.29
428.00

828.81
450.00

1,482.80

360.00
868.15
500.00

500.00

4,122.3:

1,050.00
452.00

100.00
550.00

3,287.21
496.00

2,347.65

425.21

1,900.00

10,546.00

1,468.50

138.69

965.74
1,572.75

18,087.78

725.00

• 600.00

1,000.00

400.00

258.92
278.47
139.28

5,083.61
250.00
444.02
124.87

1,420.59
25.00
103.18

35,958.56
2,695.03

4.035.51

10,985.38

3,307.56

471.24

38,771.27

4,200

900.00
1,044.00
1,000.00

1,440.00

600.00
330.00

2,780.56
1,020.00

2,950.00

300.00
4,590.00
6,300.00
392.60
285.00
464.75

3,889.10
825.00
453.75
350.00

270.00

200.00

300.00

10,895.46
160.00

125.00
870.00

155,584.35
34,401.67

10,528.05

35,216.48
4,012.75
1,972.00

108,292.41

450.00

8.00

25.00

447.63

7,169.02

69.65

9,866.89

275.00

400.00

75.00

245.93

155.08

26.47

166.89

1,065.75

5,757.50

6,398.52

2,118.36
2,000.00
1,589.22

7,610.28
13,848.00

1,446.00
400.00
396.90

23,124.51

200.00

1,237.82

12,863.06
320.00

125.00
350.00
208.00
675.00
1,280.00
255.00
821.25

12,331.56

2,400 00
1,519.87
6,100.00
1,200.00

760.00
1,650.00

648.80

4,122.31

1,050.00

452.00

1,979.17

1,170.00
1,044.00
1,000.00

1,640.00

to.oo

330.00

44.20

130,822.19
4,912.25

2,229.00

8,264.55

4,520.00

266.11

62,344.32

5,905.60

28.50

' 233.55

» 4,105.45

13,064.82
150.00

251.20
645.43
854.75

962.47
182.07
537.69,

13,676.02
1,180.00

2,950.00

11,103.12

300.00

5,350.00

7,950.00

392.60

285.00

464.75

3,889.10
825.00

1,102.55
350.00

9,187.75
125.00
914.20

7,001.12

2,500.00

2,122.28

3,461.97

10.00

1,530.00
1,912.15
2,500.00

2,940.00

1,000.00
880.00

8,.531.51

19,666.20

1,676.00

2,950.00

15,344.12

725.21

7,250.00

7,95C.OO

651.52

763.47

1,095.67 M4P

286,406.54
39,313.92

12,757.05

43,481.03
8,532.75
2,238.11

170,636.73

30,200.00

7,610.28

19,753.60

1,474.50
400.00
630.45

27,229.96

200.00

1,207.82

25,927.88
370.00
800.00
125.00
350.00
208.00
675.00

1,549.60
900.43

1,676.00

12.644.29

1,200.00

1,954.86

902.87

10,608.34

150.00

11,560.38

322,365.10
42,008.95

18,261.06

54,466.41
11.840.31
2,709.35

209,408.00

34,400.00

7,610.28

20,203.60

6,258.25

1,621.19

425.00

2,043.82

8'35,971.73

200.00

1,277.47

53,882.55

1,470.00

1,800.00

200.00

595.93

776.25

701.47

1,698.09

1,966.18

7,901.38

12,331.56

2,400.00
2,482.34
6,282,07
1,737.1

18,730.08
4,000.00

M
M
M

M
P
M4P
M
M

M4P

M
M

M&P

M
M

M
M*P

M
M4P

M
M
M

M4P

M
M4P

M
M

P
M
P
P
M

M
M

M4P
P
M

M4P
M
P

M4P
M4P
M4P

P
M4P

M4P
M

8,487.00 M

4,600.70 M

8,682.07 M

3,326.91 P

RECREATION STATISTICS FOR 1934

the table

Playgrounds

Recreation
Buildings

Indoor

o
E

g
\

3
«>■

•o

"c
O

1
S

e
1
B

M
a

S5
1

a
1

a
■g

a
a

a
3

Emergency Service

Source of
Information

Leadership

Centers

Paid
Leadership

Expenditures

i
><

1
E

c
O

1
1

O
•a

s •?
1 t

\ 11

111
1-1

s
s
■s

■z.

Em-
ployed

Full
Time

Land,
Buildings,
Permanen
Equipment

Leader-
ship

Total

■s

6
Z

•0
6
Z

C
•3
d
Z

18
IS

.,.18

...15
... 1

'641,201 .
30,000 .

28,500

10
1

3
2

7
8

195,990.14

6,512.0(1

202,552.14

Irene Welty and

Elmer H. Roedel

R. H. Wolfe

F. D. Keboch

Joseph N. Arthur

James L. Waason

Edwin F. Van Billiard..
Fred Paige

2
1
4

... 2
... 1
. . 4
6 6
... 5

... 5

... 1

... 3

... 1

< 13,500 .
17,500 .

1,265

51,250

1
1
1

2
5
5

1
1

George P. Searight

J. N Rines

127,332 .

1
1

H. L Cloud

<20,000 .

20,525 .

1
"l

2
16

480.00

1'i

Edward J. Allen

James S. Dunwoody ....
A. W. Leeking

... 6

10 10
...18
... 5

1 25
...13
... 1

1 1
... 4

... 5

... 4
... 1
... 1

40,000

20,022 .

18,212

4
2

4
1
3
5
1
1

8
21

1
11

36
1
2
4

8
4
4

1,650.00

2,025.00

C. E. Zorger

17
5
24
13

Russell T. Tuckey

W. H. Kent

<79,049 .

' i

1,950.00

'265,000
250,000
15,000
24,655 .

2 8,000
1 13,000
1 . .

5
2

Georue S. Fockler

G. D. Brandon

E. F Frank

1«

13,280

1,360.00

1,385.00
400.00

'ft

Paul K. Kuhlman

Mrs. VV. T. Betta

R. A. Lockard

E. L. Barnhart

D. R. Jacobeon

Mrs. Howard U. Miller.

J. D. Alexander

Elizabeth Morgan

Oscar E. Collins

Margaret Tennant

Gertrude MacDougall. .
Grover W. Mueller

C. H. English

5
4
1

4,622

2
2
2

1,173.45

'21,000 .

5,000

■n,

32,223 .

1
1

6,000.00

42,000

''5

?fi

277,698.92

2
4

65
7

... 2
... 4

... 2

1 41
...65

... 7

5,000

36
6

''7

'5,000

98,583.03

50,360

"6,955,921 1
'408,252 .

1 10fl,0C0

8 ... .

12.500

35
5

38
5

?<)

117,001.20

271,683.12

3ft

1
4

43,000

'58,012

160

6
13

3 "314,464
1 90,548

94,314

12,166.57

Mrs. P. H.Valentine. . .
H. M. Shipe

... 1

1
1

1
5

4
91
33

... 4
...97
...46

28,677 . .

6
109
12

6,151

2
61

3
4

1
167

300.00
67,090.00

305.00
188,570.00

Roy D. Holden

W. C. Batchelor

Mrs. John Cowley

C. R Hoechst

1,939,868

9 1,723,844

16
3

121,480.00

SI26
18

...14

303,329 . .

Dr. Harry B. Burns

W. C. Batchelor

Mrs. Charles W. Houston

W. 0. Cressman

F. S. Jackson

I
1

1
1
1
1
1
4
8

''' 3
... 1

...26
... 1
... 1

...16
... 1
... 1
... 1
... 1
... 1
... 4
... 8

'5,470 . .

'8,650

17,000 . .

2
18

1
11

3,164.33
12,000.00

7,722.58
20,640.00

■i

531,494

2 59,885

616,127

8,640.00

Thomas W. Lantz

Robert P. Earner

Henry J. Brock

Robert B. Dixon

10,409 ..

'185,988
45,000 . .

1
1

1
2

97,368.76

3,600.00

106,959.47

11,000 .

1
1
1
1

Floyd G. Frederick

Magdalene Eyster

\. F. Everitt

1ft

12,580 . .

1
1

25,644 . .

26,000.00

10,000 . .

7,500

R.C.Worrell

M . L. Dougherty

Dorothy Wise

Clinton E. Moffett

fohn H. Shaner and
D. C. Wagner

^^RuthE. Swezey

P. A. McGowan

Allen W. Rank

Sylvia Weckesser

Chester N. Hayes

58,050

14,175

1
1

... 2
... 55

85,580 . .

2
8

5
26

632,080 . .

88,424

133

23,776.00

47
18

1
1

...14

2 2

...10

172,000 . .

1
15

7
16

'45,000
'137,000

1 2,000

2 12,736
1 28,000

3,700
2,023

<>|

3
1

728.00
118.40

PLAYGROUND AND COMMUNITY

Footnotes follow

STATE AND
CITY

Popula
tion

ManagiDK
Authority

Recreation Leadership

(Not Including

Emergency Workers)

Volun-

Paid

teer

Worlters

Woi Iters

•q-n

t*. c

g
S

1!
1-^

a
8

'/^

Expenditures Last Fiscal Year
(Not Including Emergency Funds)

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Upkeep,

Supplies

and

Incidentals

Salaries and Wages

For
Leadership

Other
Services

Total

Rhode Island

Barrington

Central Falls

East Providence .

Newport

Pawtucket

Providence

South Kingston*^.
Westerly

South Carolina

Charleston

Greenville

Orangeburg

Sumter

Union

South Dakota

Aberdeen

Canton

Mitchell

Wanblee

Watertown

Tennegssee

Chattanooga

Harriman

Memphis

Nashville

Paris

Texas

Austin

Beaumont

Bryan

Dallas

El Paso

Fort Worth

Highland Park....
Houston

Longview ........

Luling

Marlin

Pampa

Panhandle

Plainview

San Angelo

San .\ntonio

Waco

Wichita Falls

Utah

American Fork . . .
Bingham Canyon.
Ogden

Provo

Richfield

Salt Lake City. .

Vermont

Barre

Bart-on

Brattleboro ....

Putney

Randolph

Rutland . . .
Woodstock.

Virginia.

Charlottesville. .
Fredericksburg. .

Lynchburg

Newport News. .

Petersburg

6,000

26,000
32,000
30,000
80,000
252,981

9,000
10,997

62,000
29,154

8,500
11,780

8,000

18,000

2,270

11,000

325

10,214

Maple Avenue Community House,
Inc

Town of Barrington

Recreation Board

Board of Recreation

Recreation Commission

Department of Recreation

f Board of Recreation

\ Park Department**

Neighborhood Guild

School Department

119,798

7,000
253,143

153,000
10,000

53,000

59,000

9,000

260,475

110,000

163,447

9,300

300,000

18,000
6,984
5,338

10,470
2,038
8,839

27,000
231,542

60,000

48,000

3,047

2,000

45,000

15,000

3,067

140,267

12,000
1,600

10,000

800

2,000

17,316

2,500

16,000

7,500

40,000

34,417

32,000

Department of Public Utilities, Grounds
and Buildings

School Board and Rotary Club. ...

Recreation Department, Park Commis-
sion

Board of Park Commissioners

Community Service Club

Board of Parks and Playgrounds .
Phillis Wheat ley Association". . .

Playground Commission

Trees and Parks Department ....
Mayor and City Council

Park Board

Chamber of Commerce and Red Cross

Park Board

Washabaugh County School Board and

Rainbow Club

Park Board

Recreation Department

Graham Congregational Church"

Park Board

Park Department

' Park Department and School Board

Community Center

Federation of Colored Women's

Clube"

Public Recreation Board

Park Department

/ Recreation Department

\ Public Parks Department

Park and Cemetery Department

Park Department

City and School Board

Board of City Development

Parent Teacher Association

Playground Association

Recreation Association

Park Department

Recreation Commission

Recreation Department

Park Department

Recreation Committee

Kiwanis Club and Board of Education .
Department of Parks and Public I m-

provements

Park Commission

City of Richfield ■.

Recreation Department

Recreation Bureau

Village Trustees

Brattleboro Bathing Beach, Inc. .

Putney Community Center

American Red Cross

Department of Parks and Playgrounds

and School Board

Village Trustees and V. E. R. A

Department of Recreation

School Board

Playground and Recreation Department
Playgrounds Division, Department of

Public Works

City Council

216

124

109.75

300.00

1,284.65

150.00

15.00

20,000.00
11,311.40

23,303.26

i,638.63

5,000.00

'7,499.68

28.00
■ 875.60

1,816.40

250.00

10,679.79

8,387.63

200.00
200.66

200.00
1,400.00

692.00

404.96
1,000.00

1,087.44
8,496.90
5,371.34
3,479.27
47.62

1,700.00
673.85

360.00

217.68

'2,060.60

490.00

12,522.57

9,119.68
12,659.85

20,851.31
360.00

4,000.00

225.00

22,440.81

1,829.03

500.00
1,800.00

3.25
500.00
275.00
1,131.00
2,718.43
400.00
447.00

300.00

314.68
200.00
277.45

100.00

30.00

234.68

607.73
210.00

60.00

300.00

1,418.39

2,229.02
1,500.00
6,231.35
8,664.10
21,497.39
10,302.12
4,720.00
340.00

8,357.00

2,664.00

1,698.26

600.00

93.00

2,700.00
270.00

3,976.00

42,622.38
14,629.63

17,060.25
1,428.00
2,250.00

15,197.65

4,000.00

16,460.26

741.16

19,193.14

1,200.00

1,965.00
2,760.00
5,418.00
2,100.00

400.00
150.00

1,645.61
300.00
787,50

500.00

215.00

340.00

500.00
65.00

600.00

300.00

5,161.70

500.00

260.00

39,040.34
' 72.60

576.00

450.00

1,200.00

20,743.64

8,771.70
16,579.33

13,388.24

2,000.00

14,579.77

1,230J0

16,762.99

1,700.00

7.60

25.00

5,760.00

617.61

5,417.25

500.00

600,00

500.00

372.32

1,678.39

2,229.02

1,500.00

6,231.35

8,664.10

21,497.39

49,342.46

4,720.00

412.00

8,357.00

3,239.00

1,698.25

950.00

93.00

3,900.66

270.00

24,718.64

51,394.08
31,208.96

30,448.49
1,428.00
2,250.00

15,197.65

6,000.00

31,040.02

1,971.46

35,956.13

1,200.00
1,700.00

7.60

1,990.00
8,520.00
5,935.61
2,100.00
5,417.25

900.00
150.00

1,645.61
800.00
787.50

1,000.00
150.00
215.00

340.00

872.32
66.00

600.00

300.00

6,161.70

600.00

2,370.39 P
109.75 M&P

2,633.98

2,800.00
12,627.00

9,751.54
31,278.94
54.713.80

8,199.27
459.62

10,057.00
3,912.85
2,444.76
1,300.00
750.00

325.68

300.00

5,900.00

760.00

37,241.21

80,513.76
56,180.21

74,603.05
1,778.00
6,807.03

73,208.80

16,000.00

225.00

60,980.51

3,800.49

35,956.13

99,947.00

1,700.00

3,600.00

3,500.00

38.75
600.00
3,140.00
'9,651.00
8,654.04
2,500.00
7,680.65

1,450.00
150.00

'12,639.98

'1,000.00

1,064.95

98,058.63

1,300.00
150.00
445.00

574.68

1,480.05
476.00

2,900.00

360.00

8,375.00

800.00
400.00

RECREATION STATISTICS FOR 1934

the table

Playgrounc

Recreation

Indoor

Recreation

Centers

a
z.

■3

■3
S

■<

M
1

■i
3

(0
u

J
&

a
z

i
■3

a
3
z

•§"

a
a

Emergency Service

Source of
Information

Leaderehip

Buildiaf^

Paid
Leadership

Expenditures

s
a

1
1

•8

ill

s
•0

•3
z

Em-
ployed

Full
Time

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Leader-
ship

Total

•o
6

s
•s

d
Z

•s

3
d

Mrs. C. E. Blake

Viall Stanley

3,355.45
11,393.14

3,355.45
11,693.14

6,400.00
75,000.00

7
7
7
9

7
7
7
12
34

80,000
47,874

1
3
1
4
14
2
1

1
3
5
2
IS

4
6

fames E. Morgan

Otho F. Smith

•>

1
3

11
2

1,400.00

75,000.00

327,741

8
11

John V. Brady

1
1

Joseph J. McCaffrey. . . .

60,000
17,717

38
2
4

8
4

8
2

7
1
3

4
4

5
4

10
9
7
1
3

<6,043
'23,960

600,000
32,334

1
3

Emma H. Howe

Dr. Willard H. Bacon , .

Corrinne Jones

Mrs. HatticDuckett...

4
2
6

1
1

1
5

18,000
17,361

4,160.00

288.00

1,700.00

4,160.00

288.00

1,900.00

1,500.00

89,571

200.00

4,452

Mrs Julia L Dillon 12

"i
1

<28,698

6,850

1
1
1

3,222.90

l»

A. N. Bragstad

W. E. Webb

5
3

1
1

12,000
6,000

2
2

3,500
3,000

4,500.00

5,900.00
3,000.00

ifj

9,000

3,000.00

1
1

17
2

■91
25

"4
'io

31
1

"i
21
"5

31
6

25
17

12
1
4

I
121,090

8
2

12
2

13
5

2
2

B M Weaver

][

John R Davis

**(

21
22
23

25
26
27
28

1,576,204

4
12
4

228,130

"55,250

1
1

2
12

20
1
3

23
10

14
38

149,664.68

6,200.00

171,664.68

Minnie M. Wagner

J. Glenn Skinner

Mary Will Dortch

James A. Garrison

Lillian Johnson

R. G. Williams

Ruth Garver

•>

17,000
947,127

6
I
4
1
3

3,000

17,125

70,830

6,000

50,000

230,800

88,104

20,000
607,594
305,000

1
1
g

1
36

"i
3

1
"i

■3
2

"3
1

1
1
3

27
4

25
12

17
16

6
7
1

640,210
55,000
120,000

13,123.56

7,478.75

20,602.31

•>

J. R. Taylor

800.00

800.00
44,049.61

Mrs. M. C. Donnell

R. D. Evans

(

800,000

132,000

42,000

22
1

11
10

1
1

4
1

36
4
6

31
2
2
6

3
1

13,322.26

■)

Roderic B. Thomas

989,317

124,813

188,138

105

25,177.56

30,351.56

2
1

C.S. Brock

32
33
34
35

1
1
3

1,000 00
'2,000.66

B. N. Taylor

■"2

H. G. Stein

40,000

George S. Buchanan

George W. Briggs

Mrs. A. C. DowUng ....
W. J. Klinger

19
6
3

1
1
5

•3

'67
2

1
5
8

86
11
4

850

112.00

31,674
587,367
146,007
120,000

4,468
19,089

George W. Roesler

Mary Wilson Young

Ralph H. Schulze

Blanche Connor

Frank Collier

8
2
3

1
1

13
4
1

5
3

1
4

1
1

35
12
10
3

1
1
1

138
6
6

262

1
2

20
6
5

1
2

37,933.36
1,188.00
1,815.60

37,933.36
1,476.00
1,815.60

75,000

2
1

1,300

William S. Storrs

Bailey J. Santistevan. . .

Edvenia Jeppson

E. Reed Collins

Ellis V. Christensen

10,660
30,000

500

6
3

1
7

30,300
14,400

1
1
1
1

"i
1

■ i

47,394.01
12,000.00

600.00

47,894.01

12,200.00

500.00

83,206.00

300.00
" " '3'84'.66

1
13

1
14

15,000

1
7

1
4

82,406.00
200.00

800.00

L. R. Hutchinson

E. P. Davenport

Robert G. Smith

Mrs. Esther J. Pratt....
Mrs. Robert Ford and

•if

*>!

1
2

1
1

12
2
12

8
5

"i
1

1
1

'i''

"i
1

2
2

16,000

•9,761
7,100

30,331

5,250

624,889

2,500

150.00

622.80
600.00

1,537.36

150.00

622 80
615.00

1,537.36

•il

Richard F. Hayden

Loyd W. BrowncU

Mrs. R. L. Currier

2
3

300

2
2
3

2
4

■i^

"15

50,136

'i6

5,000.00

Lloyd L. Howard

Dr. S. Colbert Tyler....
R. C.Day

'<A

«i

PLAYGROUND AND COMMUNITY

Footnotes follow

STATE AND
CITY

Popula-
tion

Managing
Authority

(Not Including
Emergency Workers)

Expenditures Last Fiscal Year
(Not Including Emergency Funds)

Paid

Workers

Volun-
teer
Wotkers

s
•s

•s

3t3

g
2
■s

d
55

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Uplieep,

Supplies

and

Incidentals

Salaries and Wages

Total

■3

For
Leadership

Other
Services

Total

d
z;

Virginia— Cont.

Richmond

185,000
70,000

21,753
40,316

970

2,600

35,000

12,766

1,800

1,700

3,000

360,000

125,000

107,000

23,000

60,000
25,000
5,240
75,572
39,831

18,000
16,186

15,000
29,623
5,376

61,000
11,000

23,011

600

2,514

3,763

1,500

26,000

26,500

39,000
23,000

50,262

2,350
40,000
60,000

9,780
599,100

725,263
5,015
9,196
1,425
2,000

40,108
4,200
67,500

39,251

14,0OC

10,76C

14,00C

Bureau of Parks and Pecreation, De-
partment of Public Worlds

Community Recreation Aflsociation*'
, Colored Recreation Asaociation" ....

53
2
2

3
3

I
2
1
1

'438
26

3,000.00

5,000.00

19,000.00

27,000.00
6,150.00
7.767.20

10,341.80

225.00

600.00
175.00
800.00

P
P
M

M4P

P
M
M

M4P
M

M*P

M.tP
M4P

M
M

?
P
P

C
P
P

P
M

SF4P

M
M
M
M

M4P

M
M
M

•
M

M
M

M
M
M
M

C
M&P
MAP

P
M
M

M&P
M
M

MAS
M
M
M
M

3.838.20
1.912.19

2,669.00
4,746.52

225.00

390.00
100.00

1,260.00
3,687.09

3,929.00
8,432.61

225.00

390.00
100.00

Washington

Aberdeen

Clark County** . . .

Davenport

Dayton

Everett

Hoquiam

Pomeroy

ProBser

Vancouver Playgrounda Aasociation and
W. E. R. A

)

110.00
75.00

Piayground Association, Park Board

and P. T. A

Park Board

1
1

200.00

350.00

300.00

50.00

29,239.42

14,430.00

2.148.00

160.00

300.00

450.00
800.00
900.00
500.00
161,082.21
23.878.00

16.800.00

650.00

4,000.00

2,500.00

550.00

268,780.28

96,308.00

24,600.00

2,850.00
1,300.00

900.00

50.00

33.247.57

18.867.00

12.700.00

1(1

Kiwanis Club

Board of Park Commissioners

Park Board

1
34
21

460.00

127,834.64

5,011.00

4,100.00

Seattle

Spokane

Tacoma

Yakima

West Virginia

Charleston

Fairmont

17
1

'12

78,458.65
57,000.00

5,552.00

12
13

Recreation Division, Metropolitan Park

I'i

1,1

Kanawha County Board of Education®

1
6
3
1
4

330.00
662.00

330.00

692.00

1,150.58

206.25

330.00

626.C1

3,330.55

251.44

1
1
1
1

33.91

1,279.97

45.19

30.00

Park Commission

900.00

19: Huntington

206.26

Martinsburg

Morgantown^' ....

Moundaville

Parkeraburg

Welch

40.00

25X)0

25.00

65.00
50.00

3,200.00
2,840.00
3,483.76

2.778.08
12,500.CO

34.000.00

500.00

4,086.11

\ High Street Parent Teachers League .
County School Board and Recreation

'25

980.00
900.00
696.86

1,388.08
1,638.00

2,220.00

390.00

2,708.00

1,390.00
6,000.00

15,000.00

225.00

1,313.60

2,220.00

740.00

.2,786.89

1,390.00
10.40C.00

15,000.00

226.00

2.830.14

1
13

'2i
4
1

8
2

1,200.00

360.00
78.89

''I

"27
6

"2
4

Community Service Center and
F. E. R. A

'250

462 60

WTieeling

Williamson

Wisconsin

Beloit

Birnamw( od

Bloomington

Columbus

4,400.00

Park Commission and Oglebay Insti-
tute

Kiwanis Club and B. P. 0. Elks

200.00
776.13

75.00
480.84

1.616.64

9f)

500.00

300.00

800.00
5,500.00

■^9

F. E. R. A

10
8
14

Eagle River

Eau Claire

Fond du Lac

Green Bay

Janesville

'3
21

School Board and F. E. R. A

Recreation Committee, Board of Edu-

8
33

55.44

200.42

800.00

390.19

6,700.00

2,542.14

350.00

3.400.00
1.036.26
1,806.00

8,174.86

350.00

5,200.00

1,313.82

12,028.16

9,311.84

605.86

6,000.00

1,704.01

28,328.16

11,863.98

818,760.42

521.03

1,264.55

20,915.16

11,000.00

363,420.00

80,670.66

"27,819.00

192,441.83

14,513.62

950.00

735.00

2,376.00
12,930.00
29,250.00
10,100.00
36,341.00

9,579.63

17,086.75

32,118.10

1,962.64

336.41

1,000.00

1,100.00

7
8

1,800.00

277.56

10,222.16

1,136.98

'!6

Board of Park Commissioners

5
100

5
30

9,600.00

Department of Public Recreation,

'<h

Department of Parks and City Plan-

[ ning

18,750.42

Kimberly

La Crosse

Madison

Menasha

Milwaukee

Milwaukee Co.^s . .
Monroe

1
7

7
578

1
5

308

141.03
261.69

2,750.00

879.00

46,075.00

11,030.18

380.00
992.96

10,276.25

2,200.00

2,33,006.00

380.00
992.96

14,665.16

3,308.00

317,345.00

69,640.48

9,019.00

124,678.29

697.40

•i

School Board

Department of Recreation, Board of

3,500.00
6,813.00

» 4,388.91

1,108.00

84,339.00

69,640.48

9.019.00

•C

Extension Dept., Public Schools ....
Board of Park Commissioners

Playground Division, Bureau of

18,800.00
28,044.74
13,100.80

County Park Commiseion . .

39,718.80
716.42

Park Board

1
2

371.00

326.40

City of Neenah and Red Croea

New Holstein

41^

Board of Recreation, Kimberly-Clark
Corporation

2
104

1
2

200.00
500.00

36.00
3,600.00

2,000.00
8,930.00

140.00

2,140.00
8,930,00

Oshkosh

4!
4(

Platteville

Citizens' Committee, City and C. W. A
Department of Parks and Recreation . .

f Board of Education

Park Department, Board of Public
Works

2
33
60

2
19
8

8,800.00
15,000.00
1,500.00

8,564.79

800.00

11,435.00

1,509.94

615.79
7,609.04
928.81
50.41
200.00

600.00
9,906.00
5,398.01

500.00
9.906.00
6,669.69

7,906.17

24,609.06

977.32

286.00

800.00

2
2

"72

"38

Sheboygan

Shorewood

South Milwaultee.

Tigerton

1,171.68

7,906.17

4,866.16

977.32

Board of Vocational Education

\ Village of Shorewood

19,642,90

,5,

fil

56.51

1
2

286.00
800.00

.5,

Village Board

800.00

RECREATION STATISTICS FOR 1934
the table

Playgrounds

Recreation

Indoor

Recreation

Centers

3
<

■f
1

5
i

M
a

a
3
"3
n

a
3
s^

w
J.

i
1

1
a

!z;

a
3

2
g=

'a
a

z
8

a
a
'£

■§

a
a

(£
s

Emergency Service

Source of
Information

Leadership

Buildini^

Paid
Leadership

Expenditures

•3
O

a
a
&

1
1

O
fc

a
&

f-co

o . i^

111

s
•3

i
S5

Em-
ployed

Full
Time

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Leader-
ship

Total

■s

d
z

]

20
2
1

20
2
2
8

3
9

627,000

6
9

'43
10

"i3,'590.66
4,837.50
2,726.00

"i3,'590.6o
4,837.50
11,866.00

P. N. Binford

35,512

Claire McCarthy

Alice H. Harris

K. Mark Cowen

Mrs. Irene dumb

S. T. Hipelcind

3
8

36,906
<125,481

81,227

1
18

7
11

8
2

■>

6,620

2
2

9,140.00

•)

'27,500

3,502.64

3,557.64

1
1

Mabel B. Paige

Harold Rainwater

Elinor Small

'12,000

W. J. Anderson

F. Bunch

1,200.00
1,000.00

4,200.00
2,200.00

27
10

\V. C. Sommers

J. Fred Bohler

7,125
2,172,868
'175,873

87
45

464,259

..'

2
1

106
12

73
4

719,274.80
20,800.00

31,205.13
• 800.00

821,719.44
21,600.00

B. Evans

S.G. Witter

26,478

Norah M. Nilson

George W. Clark

Thomas E. Garnar

Patrick A. Tork

Charles H. Manion

W. B. Trosper

II)

16
14

172,412
94,713

1
4

17
29

3,240.00
2,635.20

3,540.00
2,906.70
4,798.35

2
5

4,798.35

1
5
1
3

1
3

4
1

1
5

1,620.00

1,710.00

Louis R. Potts

8,100

1 Mrs.ElizabethTownsend

Frances J. White

L. D. Wiant

">•)

142,800
48,000
68,269

10,416

1
3

6,673.00

12,592.00

'}'>

30,411

4
5

939.00

9,674.34
1,320.00

1,135.73

9,674.34
6,563.00

?■)

Mrs. LoisH. Hurt

498,818

9,664
2,409

3
1

1
1

6
4

17
1
1
2

H. P. Corcoran and

Betty Eckhardt

E. G. Bias

■'7

2
6

11,560
165,528

2
1

3
5

300.00

Myrtle F.Sturtevant...

760.00
10,000.00

750.00
10,300.00

1
1

F. B. Porter

'ii

N. H. Webster

1
1
5

7
19

1
1
5

17
7
19

Raymond J. Morrisey. .

Walter Gander, Jr

A. M. Olson and
A. L. Conrow ,

F G Kiealer

'20,900

110,111
102,551
300,000

254,301

753.90
7,103.00

19,776

6
14

1
2

528.00

34
15

Ifi

L. Earl Fogelsong

Kenneth F. Bick

G. M. Phelan

4,382.40

117.60
1,013.10

4,500.00

1,013.10

125,572.19

118,857

125,572.19

Floyd A. Carlson

1
S

14
18
SS

19.500

13,500

G. M. Wiley

276,536

17,402

2
3
8
2

4
2
9
10

6
3

7,080.73
7,000.00

1,577.50

32,237.89
22 000 00

H. C. Thompson

V^ernon Gniper

Dorothy Enderis

Charles Hauserman ....

Gilbert Clegg

4"'

13
15

1
40

3
4

230,000
1,243,000

3
5
3

'6,411,214

933,183

5,808.00

21,346.00

211,980.00

249,123.36

16,556.15

•2211,980.00

249,123.36

16,556.15

1
1

i4
2

George Hansen

H. T. Summeril

Armin H. Gerhardt

J. H. Murphy

4f)

2
33

128,000

1
1

1
2
2

1
1

15,000
146,850

10,000
62,113

Folke C. Johansson

Raymond C. Miller. . . .
\ L Cone

84,642

98,350.00
18,000.00
20,000.00
3,225.00

11,028.43

98,350.00

18,000.00

20,000.00

6,000.00

93,656.50

fiO

1
8
4

W N Smith

201,000
49,511

42,300

5
12

40,000
23,761

5
5

B A Solbraa

Ferdinand A. Bahr

C C Buencr

' 120,000

53,000

H. M. Genskow

William D. Stockwell...

Marie KiUingstad

P. M. Vincent

R. C. Heins

780.00
117.50

'26,195

117.50

3,800.00

PLAYGROUND AND COMMUNITY
Footnotes follon

STATE AND
CITY

Popula-
tion

Managing
Authority

Recreation Leadership

(Not Including
Emergency Worlters)

Expenditures Last Fiscal Year

-f-

1
•s

Paid
Worlcera

Volun-
teer
Woikers

(i\ot inciuamg timergency runos;

g
S

•z

o
d

J*"

■o

o
d

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Upkwp.

Supplies

and

Incidentals

Salaries and Wages

Total

b
•s

For
Leadership

Other
Services

Total

o
•s
d
z

Wise— Cont.

Two Rivers

Waukesha

Wausau

Wauwatoea .
WestAUis...

Whitefish Bay .

Wisconsin Rapids

Wyoming

Cheyenne'5

Riverton .

Hawaii

Hilo

Honolulu

Lanai City

Wailuku, Maui.

CANADA

Alberta

Calgary

Brit. Columbia

Vancouver

Victoria.

Manitoba

Winnipeg

Ontario

Cornwall

Hamilton . . . .
Kapuskasing .

Kitchener ....

Ix)ndon

Ottawa

Peterborough .
Port Arthur. .

Sudbury

Toronto

Windsor

Quebec

Montreal

Quebec

Temiscaming.
Westmount . . .

Saslcatciiewan

Regina

Saskatoon

10,264
17,800
23,756

25,000
36,000

6,300

17,361
1,500

18,000

142,460

3,000

48,000

83,000

265,000
39,082

223,017

25,000

155,000

3,200

32,000
75,000

137,911
23,044
19,819
20,079

623,562
62,000

Board of Recreation

City Playground Committee

Recreation Department and Park Com-
mission

School Board

, Board of Park Commissioners

Board of Education and Board of Park
Commissioners

Recreation Committee and E. R. A. . . .

School Board and Recreation Com-
mittee

Department of Public W'orks and School
Board

Board of Education

Park and Pool Commission .

Recreation Committee

Recreation Commission

Hawaiian Pineapple Company, Ltd. .
Alexander House Settlement

Parks and Recreation Department .

Board of Park Commissioners

Parks Department

Public Park Board .

Recreation Association

( Recreation Commission

\ Board of Park Management

Community Club, Spruce Falls Power

and Paper Co., Ltd

Playgrounds Committee T

Public Utilities Commission

Playground Department .

Committee of City Council

Board of Park Management

Parks Commission

Parks Department

Board of Park Management

( Recreation Department

,1dZ,o^U \ Parks and Playgrounds Association.

140,000

2,000

26,000

Playgrounds Committee .
Town of Temiscaming . . .
Parks Department

54,000 Civic Playground Association .
43,291 Playgrounds Association

127

1,050.69

500.00

70.00

780.00

500.00

10,000.00

1,000.00
1,378.00

2,864.38
1,816.29

6,519.00

2,500.00
82.76

7,693.35
318.14

1,150.00
150.00

4,302.02

78.00

987.50
4,200.00
1,500.00

1,000.00
2,900.00
5,000.00

600.00

11,088.26

17,521.41

1,484.17

24,175.00
5,864.52
1,164.63

1,130.00

6,437.05
855.00

405.00
1,050.00

3,750.00
260.00

1,200.00

140.00

300.00

1,812.50
15,114.00
1,600.00
7,000.00

948.32
4,000.00

2,000.00

10,535.00

1,300.00

2,200.00
4,372.39
15,628.21

67,460.00

16,299.09

777.58

1,300.00

1,173.00
2,160.00

7,254.13
1,900.00

23,532.88

300.00

460.00
18,700.00

100.00

6,134.00

23,592.14

2,262.74

83,243.00
900.00
176.80

225.00
3,469.97

13,691.18
855.00

2,305.00
1,050.00

27,282.88

260.00

1,200.00
140.00
300.00

1,812.50

15,114.00

1,900.00

7,000.00

948.32
4,000.00

2,000.00
10,995.00
20,000.00

2,300.00
10,506.39
39,220JS

2,262.74

150,703.00

17,199.09

954.38

1,300.00

1,398.00
5,629.9

22,435.22 M
1,173.14 M

3,955.00
1,200.00
2,429.78

31,584.90

2,460.00

2,500.00
218.00
370.00

3,580.00
19,314.00

3,900.00
13,000.00

5,951.55

32,584.94
12,327.00

84,206.44

4,000.00
15,273.00
25,000.00

25,133.44

2,900.00

24,459.03

68,558.05

3,746.91

3,000.00

259,917.00

18,612.96

174,878.00

25,563.61

2,201.77

10,066.17

2,528.00
5,629.97

-Private Funds; S — State Funds and

FOOTNOTES
t Under Sources of Financial Support M — Municipal Funds; P-
C — County Funds.

1. This report covers recreation service in Ishkooda, Wenonah, Muscoda, Delonah, Westfield, Edge-
water, Docena, Hamilton, Bessemer, Fairfield and Birmingham.

2. This figure represents the total number of volunteers reported.

3. This report covers service in Leeds, Kimberly, Powderly and Bessemer.

4. This figure represents participants only.

5. Expenditures data incomplete.

6. This report covers service in Compton, Clearwater, Enterprise, Lynwood and Willowbrook.

7. These workers were employed on a full time year round basis September, 1934.

8. This amount represents expenditures of Recreation Commission and School Board only.

RECREATION STATISTICS FOR 1934

the table

Playgrounds

Under
Leadership

Recreation
BuildioKB

Indoor

Recreation

Centers

£
a

.2
<

Ji
B

3
Z

o
B

5
1

en
S

"o
O

o
o

(£

bo
c

■§

'i
s

J
E

a
1

EmergeDcy Service

Source of
Information

Paid
Leadership

Expenditures

1
1

o
"2

S
a g

gli

■g-ss

S C3 C

^fe5

3
S

•s

■3

S
3

Em-
ployed

Full
Time

g a

i ^

"o
d d
Z Z

Land,
Buildings.
Permanent
Equipment

Leader-
ship

Total

•s

d
Z

3
3

1
4

63,223
66,000

74,498

12,500

2
1

7
8

3
2

Arthur P. Eckley

Fred G. Hofherr

I. S, Horeen

1
4

2,600.00

'21,000

2
1

William T. Darling

8
17

8
6

1
2

2
2

2
4

253,816

20,000

85,000
2,342

17,655.03

17,655.00

Fred W. Zirkel and
E. C. Pynn

Ralph H. Cahill and

C. A. Wangerin

J. A. Torresani

P. A. Pratt

'2,000.06

2,000.00

2,250.0D

1,847.20

1,003.20
10,161.00

4
31

6
1
11

15
31

18
1
3

7,160

200

3,900

6
16

2,250.00

.50.00

1,003.20
10,161.00

A. S. Jessup and
Ellen Anderson

John 0. Goodman

Ernest A. Lilley

Theodore Nobriga

Frank Katterman

E. L. Damkroger

William R. Reader

Ian Eisenhardt and

Eileen English

W.H.Warren

5
10

1
17

1
2

1,797.20

8
q

'17,240
898,759

26
2

1
12

40,462
50,000
40,500

2,700
5,153

3
3

111
12

8
14

10
2

1
5

8
14

'57,752
'385,000

1
2

247.64

15
1

2
17

852,309

50,000
370,661

G. Champion

50,000

Joe St. Denis

15,972

l'20'.66

John J. Syme

1
1
5

3
3
14

313

F.Marshall

1
6
7
15

5,020

81,261

'148,335

661,381

117,380

Herbert J. Swetman

Harold Ballantyne

A. Green and John Innes

E. F.Morgan

S. R. Armstrong

T. J. McAuUffe

H. P. MoKeown

C.E.Chambers

Anthony L. Moor

1
3

2
3

3,200

■ i

1
20
2

I
4
7

' '24,792.06

24,792.66

2,075,913

531,620

537,578

10!
11
4

»12,468,957

'339,300

98,000

1,738,947

51,004

William Bowie

J. B. O'Regan

1
1

13
2

4
18

A. K. Grimmer

13
4

'89,747
'27,787

W. H Turner

9. The Los Angeles County Department of Recreation, Camps and Playgrounds maintains recreation
facilities in Arcadia, Artesia, Azusa, Baldwin Park, Bell, Bellflower, Belvedere, Bloomfleld, Burbank, Centi-
nella, Claremont, Clearwater, Compton, Covina, Culver City, Duarte, Downey, El Nido, El Monte, Gardena,
Glendale, Garvey, Glendora, Graham, Hawthorne, Hermosa Beach, Huntington Park, Inglewood, La Cres-
centa, La Verne, Lancaster, Lawndale, Lennox, Long Beach, Lynwood. Los Angeles, Manhattan Beach, May-
wood, Monrovia, Monterey Park, Newhall, Norwalk, Pasadena, Palmdale, Pomona, Puente, Rosemead. Re-
dondo Beach, San Dimas, Saugus, Santa Monica, San Gabriel, Sierra Madre, South Pasadena, South Gate,
Temple City, Van Nuys, Torrance, 'Whittier, Willowbrook, Wilmington, Gloria Gardens, Castaic, San Fern-
ando, Los Nietos, North Ranchito, Palos Verdes and Wilmar.

10. This figure includes attendance at indoor recreation centers.

11. This figure represents attendance at 3 buildings only.

12. The Pasadena City School District includes the cities of Altadena and Pasadena.

13. This report covers service in Riverside, Hemet, San Jacinto, Elsinore, Corona, Perris, Banning and
Beaumont.

14. Expenditures cover only a six-months' period.

15. This figure includes attendance at 14 indoor centers.

16. This figure includes attendance at recreation buildings.

17. The Santa Barbara County Board of Forestry operated bathing beaches at Carpenteria, Gaviota,
Surf and Goleta.

18. This report covers service in Ventura, Ojai, Conejo, Santa Rosa, Camarillo, Somis, Moorpark, Santa
Paula and Fillmore.

19. Twenty-six of these playgrounds are on park property and maintained by the Park Department.

20. The Leisure Time Council conducts some activities but is primarily a consulting agency.

21. Two of the playgrounds operated by the Branford Commmunty Council are at Short Beach and
Stony Creek.

22. This figure includes attendance at 4 year round recreation centers.
22a. This amount was paid by the Y. M. C. A.

23. This amount does not include cost of operating golf courses, pools and other facilities not operated
directly by the National Capital Parks.

24. This report covers service in Barrineau Park, Cottage Hill, Gonzales, McDavid and Gull Point.

25. Maintained a program of community recreation activities for colored citizens.

26. During 1934 the facilities and services of the park districts of Chicago were merged under a single
Park District. Because of this fact reports of most of these park authorities are not available this year.

27. The Cook County Forest Preserve District maintains recreation facilities in Des Plaines, Glencoe,
Glenview, Glenwood, Lemont, Lyons, Morton Grove, Northbrook, Palatine, River Forest, River Grove, South
Chicago Heights, Thornton, Western Springs, Wheeling, Wilmette and several additional communities.

28. These facilities are operated by the Park Board and the cost is not included in this report.

29. The Winnebago County Forest Preserve District maintains recreation facilities in Rockford, Rock-
ton Township, Pecatornica, Shirland, Loves Park and Cherry Valley.

30. This amount was spent on the stadium which was financed by city bonds through a specially created
corporation.

31. This figure represents the total number of emergency workers reported.

32. This figure does not include cost of golf course which is operated by a Golf Association.

33. Community Service was not responsible for spending most of this amount. It was largely spent on
municipal areas for projects and services initiated by this organization.

34. The Metropolitan District Commission maintains recreation facilities in Boston, Cambridge, Chelsea,
Everett, Lynn, Maiden, Medford, Melrose, Newton, Qu:ncy, Revere, Waltham, Belmont, Braintree, Canton,
Dedham, Hull, Milton, Nahant, Needham, Stoneham, Swampscott, Wakefield, Watertown, Wellesley, Weston,
Winthrop and Winchester.

35. This figure includes attendance at recreation buildings, beaches and ice skating areas.

36. Some of the leaders reported served in other towns in Mecosta County.

37. The Flint Community Music Association promotes and operates a community wide music program
in cooperation with public schools, churches, industries and homes.

38. This figure includes attendance at indoor recreation centers.

39. This figure includes $2200.00 spent by the Engineering Department for maintaining skating rinks.
39a. Two of the playgrounds are in Evansville and Osakis.

40. This report covers regular service in four communities and occasional service in many others.

41. This report covers service in Cloquet, Carlton and other communities in the county.

42. This report relates to Independent School District No. 2 which in addition to Coleraine includes five
villages.

43. This man is employed as sports leader for three months in the winter.

44. This report covers service in Kitzville, Carson Lake, Kelly Lake, Mahoning, Stevenson, Kerr and
Silica.

45. This report covers service in Lakefield, Windom, Bingham Lake, Storden, Heron Lake, Alpha,
Jackson, Mt. Lake, Westbrook, Jeffers, Okahena and Wilder.

46. This report covers service in Cook, Orr, Brookston, Meadowlands, Floodwood and approximately 50
other rural communities.

47. This report covers service in Clotho, Clarissa, Browerville, Long Prairie, Burtrum, Round Prairie,
Little Sauk, Bertha, Eagle Bend, Hewitt, Staples, Philbrook, Germania, Moran, Fawn Lake, lona, Leslie, Bruce
and Gordon.

48. This report relates to the service of American Legion Recreation Teams which conducted activities
in 254 different centers.

49. This report covers service in Ely, Ruth, McGill and Kimberly.

50. Some of the workers reported under the Recreation Commission also serve the World War Memor-
ial Association.

51. This report covers service in Mt. Hope, Hibernia, Danville and Wharton.

52. The Essex County Park Commission maintains recreation facilities in Newark, Bloomfleld, East
Orange, Irvington, Montclair, Nutley, Orange, Belleville, Caldwell, West Orange, Verona, Essex Fells, Mill-
burn and South Orange.

53. In addition, 20 emergency leaders served the Department in 1934. These workers and their salaries
are included in the special report of Emergency Service in Jersey City.

54. This report also includes service in Morris Plains.

55. The relief service reported nere was also extended to Highland Park.

56. Summer population 100,000.

57. The Passaic County Park Commission maintains recreation facilities in Wayne Township, Paterson,
West Paterson, Pompton Lakes and Totowa.

58. This is a 27-hole golf course.

59. Funds are received from "Taxation by Contract" on all restricted property.

60. The Union County Park Commission maintains recreation facilities in New Providence, Scotch
Plains, Westfield, Kenilworth, Roselle, Rahway, Linden, Union, Mountainside, Summit, Plainfield, Elizabeth,
Cranford, Hillside, Roselle Park and Garwood.

61. This is one of the communities in Westchester County which is also served by the County Recrea-
tion Commission.

62. This report covers service in Ripley, Sherman, Clymer, Panama, Cassadaga, Sinclairville, Cherry
Creek, Forestville, Mayville, Westfield, Lakewood, Celoron, Silver Creek, Fredonia and Falconer.

63. Eastchester includes the incorporated villages of Bronxville and Tuckahoe.

64. The Erie County Park Commission maintains recreation facilities in East Hamburg, Aurora, Lan-
caster and Tonawanda.

65. This person is also reported as a full time year round worker with the Outing Club, Inc.

66. This amount represents expenditures on municipal, not school, recreation areas.

67. This amount was spent in one borough.

68. This figure represents attendance at 168 playgrounds only. It includes the attendance at 29 rec-
reation buildings.

69. This figure represents attendance at 16 recreation buildings only.

70. The Westchester County Recreation Commission aids the cities, small towns and villages of the
county in increasing recreation opportunities for their citizens.

71. The Westchester County Park Commission maintains recreation facilities in Yonkers, Ardsley, Tar-
rytown, Harmon, White Plains, Mount Vernon, New Rachelle, Rye, Cortlandt and Yorktown.

72. Four of these were employed on a full time basis during 1934.

73. This amount includes expenditures on 8 school grounds.

74. Fifteen thousand dollars of the amount reported under expenditures was for the operation of the
18-ho!e golf course which is operated by a special commission appointed by the Mayor.

75. This report covers service in Addyston, Blue Ash, Cleves, Delhi Township, Elmwood Place, Fair-
fax, G'endale. Lockland. Loveland, Madeira, Mariemont, Newtown, North Bend, North College Hill, Nor-
wood, Saint Bernard and Silverton.

76. This figure includes attendance at swimming pools and wading pools.

77. The Metropolitan Park Board maintains recreation facilities in Hinckley Township, Willoughby
Township, Euclid, Bedford, Brecksville and Olmsted.

78. This amount represents the cost of maintaining golf courses and of lifeguards at bathing beaches.

79. The Allegheny County Bureau of Parks maintains recreation facilities in McCardles, Snowden and
Broughton.

80. This figure includes playground attendance also.

81. Eighteen of these pools are also included in the report of the Department of Hygiene.

82. In addition to this amount, approximately $56,500.00 were expended by the Park Department, Water
Bureau and School District for maintenance of the recreation facilities reported.

83. This report covers service in Swoyersville, Sugar Notch, Wyoming, Georgetown, Midvale, Ashley,
Plymouth. Freeland, Pittston, Hazelton, West Pittston, West Hazelton, Duryea, Avoca, Dupont, Exeter,
Warrior Run, West Wyoming and Lafflin.

84. A number of the facilities listed are on Park Department property.

85. The Neighborhood Guild serves the villages of Peace Dale, Wakefield, Kingston, West Kingston
and Mantanuck.

86. This figure represents attendance at 4 centers only.

87. This report covers service in Glen Allen, Highland Springs, Elko and Hardy.

88. This report covers service in Vancouver, Washougal, Camas, Amboy, Yacolt and Ridgefield.

89. Some of the playgrounds reported are in Dunbar, Clendinen and Eastbank.

90. This report covers service in Cameron, Moundsville, McMechen, Benwood and Glendale.

91. This report covers service in Wana, Blacksville, Continental, Cassville, Osage, Everettsville, West-
over, Star City, Sabraton, Pursglove and Jerome Park.

92. This amount represents expenditures for purchase and improvement of recreation areas to be admin-
istered by the School Board.

93. The Milwaukee County Park Commission maintains recreation facilities in South Milwaukee, West
Allis, Wauwatosa, Shorewood, Greenfield, North Milwaukee and Brown Deer.

94. This pool on a city playground is owned by a private corporation but will later be turned over to
the city.

95. This report covers service in Hillsdale, Carpenter, Pine Bluffs and Little Bear.

96. This figure includes attendance at skating rinks.

Emergency Recreation Service in 1934

Reports reaching the Association indicate that
in 1,025 communities recreation services were pro-
vided in, 1934 because emergency recreation lead-
ers and funds were made available. This num-
ber does not include any of the cities listed
in the earlier section of the Year Book in
which some regular local recreation service
was supplemented through the help of emer-
gency funds. Because these 1,025 communities
would not have appeared in the Year Book had
it not been for the special funds made avail-
able, the recreation service in these communi-
ties is reported in a special set of tables. These
tables also contain reports of some activities
carried on in 45 additional cities which also
conducted some regular service and which
therefore were included in the main section of
the Year Book. Emergency service in these
cities is reported in this second section, how-
ever, either because this particular service was
financed entirely from emergency funds or in
some cases because the city was included in a
county report of emergency service.

A large percentage of the communities re-
porting emergency service only in 1934 are
appearing in the Year Book for the first time.
It will be noted that many of the reports cover
county-wide service which includes the con-
ducting of playgrounds and centers in a
considerable number of towns and villages
throughout these counties. The people in many
of these smaller communities have never be-
fore had an opportunity to take part in a rec-
reation program under leadership.

Even though the communities reporting
emergency service only number 1,025, this fig-
ure does not begin to indicate the extent of
emergency recreation service in 1934. Not only
is the information which was submitted con-
cerning service in many of these communities
incomplete as compared with the reports re-
ceived from the regular cities, but no record
was received from large numbers of communi-
ties in which it is known that recreation pro-
jects were carried on last year. As in the case
of regular reports, only information from
county and local agencies has been incorpor-

ated. The emergency relief administration in
a southern state reported that 462 emergency
leaders operated 292 playgrounds in that state
in 1934 whereas Year Book reports received
from localities in this state cover only one
playground conducted by two emergency lead-
ers. Likewise in a northern state, 73 emer-
gency leaders were reported although not a
single report was received from a locality
within this state indicating emergency leader-
ership. On the other hand, emergency recrea-
tion service in a number of states, such as New
Jersey, New York, Alabama and Michigan,
was reported by a large number of agencies in
these particular states.

Among the reasons why information con-
cerning emergency service is less complete and
perhaps less accurate than reports from cities
reporting regular programs, is the fact that in-
many states emergency recreation programs
were not set up until late in 1934. In many
cases leaders were inexperienced. A large per-
centage of them were submitting Year Book
reports for the first time and in many cases,
especially those relating to county-wide ser-
vice, detailed records were not available. In
spite of these difficulties, much valuable infor-
mation was secured, and the hearty coopera-
tion received from a large number of state,
county and local emergency reHef authorities
is gratefully acknowledged.

The following summaries and statistical
tables indicate the 'scope and nature of the fa-
cilities and activities carried on in the cities
reporting emergency service. The extent to
which recreation programs have contributed
to better living in theSe communities may be
judged in part by the extent to which they
themselves assume responsibility for continu-
ing these programs after tTie emergency has
passed. It will be interesting to note how
many of these communities appear in the reg-
ular table in 1935, indicating that they have at
least shared in the responsibility for financing
the work.

In most of the summary tables which follow,
the number of cities reporting the various

items is indicated. It should be kept in mind
that many of the figures representing cities
reporting actually represent county reports

and that therefore the number of individual
communities involved is much larger than the
figure indicates.

Leadership

A total of 5,153 men and women were paid
from emergency funds for service as recrea-
tion leaders with agencies or in towns, cities
and villages where no other leadership was
provided in 1934. Reports of such workers
were received from 467 cities but they indicate
that these workers served in nearly 1,000 com-
munities. Approximately 60 per cent of these
leaders were men.

Because many recreation projects extended
for a limited period and others were not estab-
lished until late in 1934, relatively few recrea-
tion leaders paid from emergency funds served
throughout the year. Furthermore the dillFer-
ent local regulations governing relief work
programs resulted in a wide divergence in the
number of hours per week which these leaders
served. Therefore no figures are available as to

the number of persons who served on a full time
year round basis, such as were secured in the
case of workers paid from regular funds. One
hundred and eight cities, however, using emer-
gency leaders only, indicated that 871 leaders
were serving on a full time basis, and 1,491 addi-
tional leaders were reported serving on this basis
in cities carrying on regular service. There is
reason to believe that a much greater number of
persons were serving full time at the close of
1934. Even so, the number reported, 2,362, is
larger than the number of full time year round
leaders paid from regular funds.

The following table summarizes the emer-
gency service in all the cities reporting such
leadership in 1934. In each instance the figures
in parentheses represent the number of cities
reporting the particular item.

In Cities M ith

Emerqency In Cities With In All Cities

Service Only Reqular Sennce Reportinp

Men Workers 2,940 (377) 10,733 (375) 13,673 (752)

Women Workers 2,213 (401) 7,288 (339) 9,501 (740^

Total Workers 5,153 (467) 18,021 (391) 23,174 (858)

Men Workers Employed Full Time 537 (83) 965 (81) 1,502 (164"^

Women Workers Employed Full Time 334 (81) 526 (63) 860 (144)

Total Workers Employed Full Time 871 (108) 1,491 (91) 2,362 (199)

Volunteers

Fifteen hundred and ninety-seven men and
women were enlisted as volunteers in 155 cit-
ies employing only emergency workers. In
contrast with the situation in cities conducting
regular work, more women than men served

as volunteers, the numbers being 864 and 666,
respectively. In comparison with the total
number of paid leaders there are more volun-
teers in the cities having emergency service
only than in cities reporting regular service.

Playgrounds and Indoor Centers

Outdoor Playgrounds

More than two thousand outdoor play-
grounds were open under leadership of emer-
gency workers in 1934 in communities which
otherwise would have had no outdoor play-
ground program. This number is in addition
to the many play centers which v>^ere opened
in other cities because emergency leadership

supplemented the regular playground staff.
Many of these 2,010 playgrounds were in com-
munities which had never before had a play-
ground program. The marked extension of
play opportunities through the use of emer-
gency workers is further illustrated by the fact
that 43 per cent of these playgrounds were
open under leadership in 1934 for the first time.

Number of outdoor playgrounds for white and mixed groups (353 cities) 1,890

Open year round (35 cities) 125

Open during the summer months only (241 cities) 1,164

Open during school year only (55 cities) 223

Open during summer and other seasons (741) 378

Average daily summer attendance of participants (1,113 playgrounds in 278 cities) 99,9S6

Average daily summer attendance of spectators (178 cities) 33,477

Number of outdoor playgrounds open in 1934 for the first time (228 cities) 788

In addition to the foregoing, outdoor playgrounds for colored people are reported as follows :

Number of playgrounds for colored people (56 cities) 120

Open year round (12 cities) 22

Open summer months only (25 cities) 59

. Open school year only (13 cities) 21

Open summer and other seasons (6 cities) 18

Average daily summer attendance of participants (371 playgrounds in 71 cities) 9,254

Average daily summer attendance of spectators (20 cities) 1,856

Number of playgrounds for colored people open in 1934 for the first time (43 cities)... 74

Total number of playgrounds for white and colored people (360 cities) 2,010

Total average daily summer attendance of participants and spectators at playgrounds for

white and colored people (1,184 playgrounds) 144,543

Total yearly or seasonal attendance of participants and spectators at playgrounds for

white and colored people (1,490 playgrounds in 230 cities) 22,285,114

Total number of playgrounds for white and colored people open in 1934 for the first time 862

Recreation Buildings

Emergency leadership made possible the use of 99 recreation buildings for recreation pro-
grams in 1934. In view of the fact that many of them are located in small communities, the total
attendance of 678,709 which was recorded at 70 of them shows a very considerable use.

Number of recreation buildings for white and mixed groups (52 cities) 88

Total yearly or seasonal attendance of participants (62 buildings in 36 cities) 582,221

In addition, recreation buildings for colored people are reported as follows:
Number of recreation buildings for colored people (10 cities) 11

Total yearly or seasonal attendance of participants (8 buildings in 7 cities) 96,488

Total number of recreation buildings for white and colored people 99

Total yearly or seasonal participants at recreation buildings for white and colored people

(70 buildings in 39 cities) 678,709

Indoor Recreation Centers

The extent to which emergency leadership • service, the centers were probably located in
was used to conduct indoor activities in schools more than 500 towns, cities and villages. In
and other buildings not used primarily for rec- many cases the centers aflforded the only rec-
reation is evident from the fact that 1,506 such reation opportunity in the community and a
centers were reported in 1934. The number of large number of them were open under leader-
communities reporting them was 255, but since ship in 1934 for the first time. The attendance
many of the reports related to county-wide at 1,153 of the centers totaled 3,711,040.

Number of centers open 3 or more sessions weekly (166 cities) 830

Total yearly or seasonal attendance (553 centers in 128 cities) 3,273,209

100

Number of centers open less than 3 sessions weekly (127 cities) 676

Total yearly or seasonal attendance (600 centers in 105 cities) 437,831

Total number of indoor recreation centers (255 cities) 1,506

Total attendance (1,153 centers) 3,711,040

Play Streets

Nine cities reported a total of 97 play streets open under leadership, 11 of them open in
1934 for the first time.

Recreation Facilities

Large numbers of people had an opportunity
to engage in a variety of sports and other out-
door activities in the cities where emergency
leaders only were reported. Although the
number of units of service at a majority of the
facilities listed in the following table were not
reported, the figures submitted show a total
in excess of 2,400,000 participation. Like the
similar table relating to facilities in cities re-
porting regular service, ball diamonds, tennis
courts, athletic fields and ice skating areas are

Facilities Number

Athletic Fields 354 (159)

Baseball Diamonds 556 (205)

Bathing Beaches 115 (69)

Golf Courses (9-holes) 9 (8)

Golf Courses ( i8-holes) i ( i )

Handball Courts 156 (55)

Ice Skating Areas 369 (54)

Ski Jumps 9 (6)

Softball Diamonds 651 ( 183)

Stadiums 16 ( 14)

Summer Camps 11 (9)

Swimming Pools (indoor) 12 (10)

Swimming Pools (outdoor) 61 (51)

Tennis Courts 627 C142)

Toboggan Slides 30 (17)

Wading Pools 72 (49)

most numerous. Golf courses, swimming pools
and special facilities for winter sports are rela-
tively few. A much larger proportion of the
various facilities listed were open in 1934 for
the first time than was true of the facilities in
cities reporting regular service.

Throughout the following table the figures
in parentheses indicate the number of cities re-
porting in each particular case and the figures in
brackets indicate the number of facilities for
which information relative to participation is given.

Participants

Number open in

per season

1924 for first time

303,114

(55)

90 (53)

[118]

351,478 (67)

114 (57)

[210]

566,230

(24)

19 (14)

[37]

6,800

(3)

3 (2)

[3]

750

[I]

42 (21)

300,946 (21)

77 (23)

[83I

600

(I)

6 (4)

[2]

425,880

(80)

214 (83)

[349I

30,575

(4)

2 (2)

[4]

, I-I75

(3)

4 (4)

[3]

69,209

(7) .

3 (I)

[7]

74,931

(17)

19 (15)

[21]

151,151

(60)

129 (51)

[291]

11,430

(9)

18 (10)

[20]

19 (12)

101

Management

A summary of the number of agencies of
various types which were responsible for emer-
gency programs appears in the section devoted
to summaries preceding the statistical tables
relating to regular service. The 441 public
and 52 private agencies listed as managing

authorities on the "emergency only" reports
included a wide variety of agencies. Heading
the list were emergency relief administrations
which were listed as the managing authorities
in 218 cities and school officials which were
listed in 157 cities.

Finances

Nearly $2,200,000 were spent for recreation
in 462 of the cities reporting emergency ser-
vice only, and approximately 75 per cent of
this amount was spent for leaders' salaries and
wages. (Tn the cities reporting regular ser-
vice approximately 75 per cent of the emer-
gency funds were spent for land, buildings and
permanent equipment.) In addition, $110,938.65
from non-emergency funds were spent in these

cities but none of this money was in payment for
leadership. As previously pointed out, expendi- .
tures data concerning emergency funds are com-
paratively incomplete but the following summary
relating to all cities reporting such funds shows a
total expenditure of $21,092,821.04 which exceeds
the total amount reported spent in 1934 from reg-
ular funds. In each instance the figures in paren-
theses represent the number of cities reporting.

In Cities With In Cities In All

Emergency Service With Reqular Cities

Only Seyvice
Land, Buildings, Permanent

Equipment $360,632.99 (51) $13,348,331.52 (195) $13,708,964.51

Salaries and Wages for Leadership. . 1,642,713.93 (449) 3,029,149.56 (334) 4,671,863.49

Total Expenditures 2,198,103.39 (462) 18,894,717.65 (465) 21,092,821.04

In addition, funds from non-emergency sources supplemented the emergency expenditures as
follows :

Land, Buildings, Permanent Equipment $64,596.42 (47)

Upkeep, Supplies and Incidentals 35,813.28 (150)

For Other Services 1,901.80 (12)

Total 103,349.81 (191)

No attempt was made to summarize the sources of emergency funds most of which came
from tax sources. The following table summarizing the sources of the non-emergency funds
reveals the fact that in many communities emergency service was supplemented by contributions
from private sources.

Source of Support Amount Number of Cities

Tax Funds $60,784.76 80

Fees and Charges 5,817.39 14

Private Funds 44,336.50 109

Special Recreation Activities

Art and craft activities, athletics, folk dancing,
play production, music, hiking and swimming were
the activities most frequently listed by the cities
in which programs were carried on exclusively
under emergency workers. Forums, discussion
groups and related activities played an important
part in these programs, as evidenced by the fact
that nearly three times as many different partici-

pants are reported as in the cities with regular
service. Baseball is first in the number of cities
reporting but Softball leads in the number of dif-
ferent individuals participating. The table which
follows records in part the recreational oppor-
tunities made possible by emergency leaders in
many communities and the number of individuals
who took advantage of them.

102

Activities Cities

Reporting
Arts and Crafts

Art activities for children 123

Art activities for adults yy

Handcraft for children 236

Handcraft for adults 155

Athletic Activities

Archery 18

Badge Tests (NRA) 17

Baseball 277

Basketball 241

Bowling 27

Handball 1 1 1

Horseshoes 233

Soccer 72

Softball 250

Tennis 182

Volley Ball 238

Dancing

Folk Dancing 160

Social Dancing 131

Drama

Drama Tournaments 50

Festivals 62

Pageants 84

Plays 193

Puppetry 28

Music

Vocal 192

Instrumental 155

Nature Activities

Hiking 172

Gardening 38

Nature Lore 80

Water Sports

Swimming 186

Swimming Badge Tests (NRA) 13

Winter Sports

Ice Hockey 32

Skating 67

Skiing 25

Tobogganing 22

Miscellaneous Activities

Circuses 30

First Aid 74

Forums, Discussion Groups, etc 70

Playground Newspaper 12

Safety Activities 81

Number of Different

tdividuals Participating

10,649

(69)

4,292

(50)

46,431

(156)

23,054

(112)

786

(14)

6.276

(14)

^0,557

(171)

125,236 (156)

50,640

(18)

12,447

(61)

68,214

(151)

10,517

(42)

209,891

(159)

87,140

(119)

72,792

(161)

25,736

(99)

77,878

(84)

4,353

(32)

8,925

(31)

10,243

(48)

26,522

(129")

830

(12)

74,462 (122)

12,548 (107)

15,611

(119)

6,790

(23)

4,869

(47)

64,555

(III)

440

(5)

2,882

(23^

21,345

(39)

1,680

(15^

1,840

(14)

3.047

(12)

7,817

(38)

. 99,402

(46^

291

(7)

20,338

(41)

103

EMERGENCY RECREATION SERVICE IN 1934

Footnotes folloiv tl'e table

STATE AND
CITY

Popula-
tion

Managing Authority

Emergency
R3Creation Leadership

Expenditures for Emergency
Service Last Fiscal Year

Playgrounds

Indoor
Centers

Paid Workers

Volun-
teer
Workers

From Relief Funds

From
Other
Than
Relief
Funds

Mo. Em-
ployed
Full
Time

g
S

•s

is
■s

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Leadership

Total

6
■s

g
S

•s

Alabama

Aliceville, Gordo,

2,000

3,000
20,513

1,836
26,016
17,768
32,556
25,429

1,500
15,633
40,104

16,688

3,000
12,000

5,000
26,265
22,820
31,000

2,600
18,001
22,878
36,427
25,967
70,001)
66,072

1,600

32,240

660

2,300
800

3,000

2,300

20,000

' 6,621

26,929
7,600

64,163
4,633
6,206

69,445
3,500

7,157

500
276

3,600
500
500

1,060
488
150

5,400
35,000
, 600

3,000

20,831

9,347

146,180

56,000

6,000

4,600

30,000

22,000

26,000

4,000
12,091
20,094

Alabama Relief Administration ,

56
28

284.00
225.00
227.00
101.21
176.46
180.00
190.00
217.00
200.00
208.69

195.00

160.00

240.00

1,799.79

144.00

532.60

90.00

1,235.16

135.00

70.00

83.60

2,230.20

46.00

16,000.00

3,474.40

136.00

93.42

147.50

546.00

135.00

270.00

260.00

90.00

774.00
257.92
120.00
237.50
983.00
213.32
854.20
260.00

284.00
225.00
292.00
101.21
176.46
180.00
190.00
217.00
200.00
208.59

195.00

160.00

240.00

1,799.79

144.00

532.60

4,589.60

1,235.16

I3S.OO

97.00

83.60

8,330.88

45.00

27,800.00

3,474.40

135.00

93.42

147.50

545.00

135.00

270.00

250.00

186.36

904.00
267.92
132.00
237.50
1.986.00
297.32
854.20
260.00

252.00

210.70
613.40
429.60
144.00
139.20
74.00

10.00

3
2
12
2
5

"5,660

3
13

2
11

1,308
2,500
1,341

360

4,134

•>

Auburn

Choctaw County^ . .

Clanton

Clarke County'....

Clay County'

Coffee County'

Conecuh County^ . .

Dadeville

Decatur

DeKalb County. . . .

Dothan

Florala

A. R. A

Chilton County Child Welfare Board. . .

A. R. A

County Welfare Board

....

1
2

4,002

County Emergency Relief Committee . . .
Tallapoosa County Child Welfare Board

A. R. A

County Child Welfare Board and School
Board

1
2

1,170
720
990

7.00
15.00

1
4
5
4

2,260

Houston County Child Welfare Board . .
Covington County Recreation Center . . ,
Lauderdale County Child Welfare Board
A R A

'"2

3.366
24,663

1,309

5,487

30,000

1
2

1
1
5
4

3.60
20.75

Greenville

Hale County*

Henry County'. . . .

Huntsville

LaFayette

Lamar County* ....
Lowndes County^ . .
Marengo County"* .
Marion County". . .

Mobile

Montgomery

Oneonta

Pike County

Pine Apple

Prattville

Robertadale

Russellville

Scottsboro

F, E. R. A

6
6
6
6
1
2
10

1,672
11,664
6,000

i20

5,000

9
6
10

13
3
5
4

1
7
2
2
2
8
4
4
6
1

2
5
1
6
8
I
8

3,700

1,580

13,116

120

666

240

4,000

350

25,000

6,527
435

974

12.988
534

800

11,800
549

2,554
9,746
1,057
8,817

4,499.60

A. R. A

Chambers County E. R. A

A.R. A ,

F. E. R. A

County Child Welfare Board

'>i

3
4

1
2

6
10

6,070.68

709.07

■>?

A. R. A

F. E. R. A

A.R. A

"4
6

'>A

3,600.00
106.00

39
9
2

198,000
643

?')

''7

Countv R A

''R

F. E. R. A

A.R. A

A. R. A

1
3
4
4
1
3

1
2

974

4,902

312

800

4.694

2,250

7
7
4

3,34

A.R. A

Dallas County Relief Association

Muscle Shoals Division, Alabama Tran.

1
5

I
1

Sheffield

100.00

Sumter"

Tarrant City

Tuscaloosa County'"

Tuecumbia"-^

Union Springs

Walker County".. .

400.00
10.00

School Board and Recreation Committee

1
S

5
12
14

F. E. R. A

E.R. A

A.R. A

Gila County Board of Public Welfare
E. R. A.

20.00

75.00

1
13

7,860
8,814

150.00

Arizona

Globe'5

Arkansas

School Board and E. R. A

1
3
2
2

89.50
97.40
429.60
144.00
139.20
63.20

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6

10
28

516.00

65.10

Clarksville

3
2
2

E.R. A

Locust Bayou

Mt. Pleasant

Russellville

Texarkana

Izard County E. R. A

E.R. A

School Board and Parent Teacher Asso-

153

1
2
7
5

1
I

50.00

50.00
1,200.00
1,284.40

504.00

.. 1

.50

"2
8

5''

M2S

984.40
504.00

16,901

15.801

,53

50.00

California

Barnes City

Norwalk, Bellflower,

.54

S. E. R. A., School Board and Coordi-

1,000.00
9,000.00

64,405.73

14,259.00

209.20

600.0

1,004.40

1,000.00
9,000.00

54,405.73

21,469.00

209.20

700.00

1,024.40

200.00

10,000
12,000

936,474

69,700

2,000

Redondo Beach

San Bernardino
County'"

Colorado

Pueblo

,55

3
28

4
3
4

4,600
413,275

60.750

4.800
200

S. E. R. A

10
5

4,973.00
1,250.00

Connecticut

Farmington

Jewett City

New London

loo.on
20.00

69.00

Educational and Training Center

F. E. R. A

"15,039

63
64

Torrington

Florida

Apalachicola

Bay Coun(y>'

Broward County". .

Srhonl Board

1
1

240.00

517.56

468.60
552.50

240.00

628.63

2,302.60
552.£0

Florida Emergency Relief Administra-

1
....

28
12

2,400

3,700
123,650

1
12

18,000

8,000
25,000

Recrea+ion Department, F. E. R. A.,

1,834.00

101.00

Recreation Department, F. E. R. A

104

EMERGENCY RECREATION SERVICE IN 1934

Footnotes follow the table

STATE AND
CITY

Popula-
tion

Managing Authority

Emergency
RDcreation Leadership

Expenditures for Emergency
Service Last Fiscal Year

Playgrounds

Indoor
Centers

Paid Workers

Volun-
teer
Workers

From Relief Funds

From
Other
Than
Relief
Funds

1
a
Z

No. Em-
ployed
Full
Time

•s

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Leadership

Total

■3
d

■3

Florida— Cout.

Calhoun County". .
Collier County-' . . .

Dade County-'

Daytona Beach ....

DeLand

District No. 3,

F. E. R. A.-'....
District No. 6,

F. E. R. A.-''....

Fort Pierce

Gadsden County". .

Gainesville

Gulf County*

Hamilton County-^.
Holmes County'-^ . .
Jackson County-' . .
Jeflferson County** .
Key West

7,298

2,883

142,955

20,000

5,246

'6,200
29,890
12,000
3,182
9,454
12,924
31,969
13,404
12,831
3,162
4,694
23,476
4,067
15,614
9,879
7,000
12,111
14,083
2,912
2,304
15,731
13,136
3,229
5,468
14,576
12,180

318,587

4,000
7,837

30,000

16,000
13,532

3,000

3,982.123

21,085

36,765

7,000

888

43,983

1,000

1,658

995

10,203

8,570

9,100

35,278

7,100

13,000

8,000

16,129

2,300

950

1,850

16,286

2,130

360

250

12,000

422,666

4,800

12,264
1,321

22
2
3
3

1
2
3
6
2
7
1
1
3

'2
6

2
12
6
9

37
4
2
3
2
1
2
5
3
5

....

1
2
9

430.80
308.00

430.80

308.00

11,660.50

48,386.42

2,750.00

16,236.58

13,545.63
14,156.37
14,646.36

7
4
8
4
3

61
3
5

2
10
16
7
3
1
2
9
4
7
4
4
3
6
5
1
6
3
2
10

1,364

91,000

2,499,000

13,576

18,000

1,022,180

' 10,666
4,600

3,060
34,600

' '6,202

'6,424
17,000

5,371
29,177

5,000

6,600
7,000
5,500
7,731
3,600
9,500
27,335

9
4

23
3

1
5
7
3
2
10
21
7
1
1
2
4
5
7
4
2
2
3
4

6,776
13,611
21,300

4,500
20,000

194,979
17,500
16,400
2,260

600

32,500

15,685

8,800

2,000

6,000

800

2,000

1,400

12,25D

11,450

6,750

Recreation Department, F. E. R. A

F. E. R. A

47,266.42

1,120.00
1,750.00

9,560.80

2,752.00
9,298.04

•i

Recreation Department, F. E. R. A

Recreation Council and F. E, R. A

F. E. R. A

Recreation Der»-tment. F. E. R. A

Recreation Department, F. E. R. A

F E R A

4
1

1,697.93

12,913.55
13,645.36

1,242.82
1.000.00

3,321.85
6,929.38

140.00

219.16
681.55
700.00
691.20

1,596.12
180.00
125.52
665.40
490.68
964.00

2,700.00

359.16

868.45

1,420.00

7,817.16

9,679.16

234.00

125.52

7,158.93

5,055.52

1,979.85

20,380.50

>*19,123.87

65,610.75

900.00

2,522.51

1,790.00

1,147.60

2,649.50

1,586.27

5,618.00

6,378.67

787.57

32,064.00

136.00
1,943.70

291.20

1
6

Recreation Department, F. E. R. A

F. E. H. A.

7,225.96

911.90

Kissimmee

Lafayette County'''^

Leon County"

Liberty County*-. . .
Madison County". .
Oklaloosa County".

Palatka

St. AuRustine

Santa Rosa Co.»...

Sebring

Stuart

Suwannee County*'
Taylor County*" . . .

Vero Beach

Wakulla County"..
Walton County"...
Washington Co.*' . .

Georgia

Fulton County" . . .

Idaho

Burley

450.00

40.00

1,079.20

430.95

178.58

Recreation Department, F. E. R. A

Recreation Department, F. E. R, A

Recreation Department, F. E. R. A

County Recreation Council

F E R A and City Manager

4
3
6
5

1ft

6,493.53
4,564.84
1,026.86
17,622.87
19.123.87
53,253.87

••fl

■"l

■>!

6
3

1,750.00
11,000.00

'>^

F. E. R. A

Recreation Department, F. E. R. A

Recreation Department. F. E. R. A

Recreation Department, F. E. R. A

Recreation Department. F. E. R. A

Recreation Department, F. E. R. A

Recreation Department, County Relief

5
6
7
3
1
1
2
2
4
3

'2
4
5
3
3
3
4

32
2

703.52

900.00

2,522.51

1,540.00

511.60

627.00

428.27

618.00

2,028.00

787.67

31,164.00
135.00

?,')

9
4

9
3

•'6

■>s

636.00
2,022.50
1,158.00
6,000.00
3,360.67

742.55

306.48

568.75

1,360.00

4,000

?<)

10
2
14

4,000
7,000
2,030

13,518

16
3

6
3

"209,000

700.00

1,535.00

School District No. 1

Montpclier

Illinois

Bloomington

Blue Island

City of Montpelier

f
37

Illinois E. R. Commission and School
Board

10
12

526

13
1
1
1

7
3

4
2
388
2
15

750.00
600.00

8
5

16,000
27,000

Playground and Recreation Conmiisaion
Alexander County Recreation Commis-

3,841.45

3,430.24

432.00

444,167.34

420.00

7,738.01

443.52

166.00

2,184.00

87.50

42.00

600.00

203.22

60.00
800.00
826.74
304.41
910.00
605.50
140.00

60.00
443.52

50.00

60.00

3,841.46

3,430.24

477.00

444,167.34

420.00

7,738.01

443.52

156.00

2,184.00

87.50

42.00

600.00

203.22

60.00
800.00
826.74
304.41
910.00
505.50
140.00

60.00
443.52

50.00

60.00

16,856

CartervUle

Cook County" ....
Crawford County".
Danville

School Board

"381

12,000
U,030,420

Illinois E. R. C

County E. R. C

Recreational Advisory Committee

I. E. R. C«

173

92,000

1
1
9

136,165

35.00
12.00

780

Fulton County". . .
Grafton

E. R. A

Recreation Commission

775

Henry

City of Henry

1
2

3
4
1
2
4
4

I.E. R. C

County E. R. C

Physical Education Department, West-
ern 111. State Teachers College

High School Board

2,700

1,800

Johnson County . . .

1
9
2

2,600

25.00

,5?

.t3

Montgomery Co.** .

Mount Carmel

Mount Vernon

Normal

E.R.C

,53

25.00
60.00
58.65

i
3
2

12,900
"9,525

,54

City Park Board

6
2
2

City Council and American Legion

Park District

.■i?

Pekin

Sesser

1
1

LE.R.C

School Board

1
1

34.00

Washington

Washington Co." . .
Waterloo

22
29

4,100

;
:

4,800

78,000
100,000

I. E.R.C

F. E. R. A

Marion County Recreation Bureau

Playground Committee

1
1

4
18
2

1
1

6.-

Willisville

443.52
443.52

7,000.00

15,500.00

200.00

825.00
180.00

443.62
443.52

7,500.00

15,600.00

200.00

826.00
180.00

22.00
30.00

Winkle

Indiana

Bedford

flfi

Marion County**. . .
Tell City

«7

5
1

"3,000

fiS

Iowa

.\udubon County*' .

County Schools and E. R. A

Public School

105

EM,ERGENCY RECREATION SERVICE IN

Footnotes follow the table

1934

STATE AND
CITY

Popula-
tion

Managing Authority

Emergency
Ricreation Leadership

Expenditures for Emergency
Service Ljist Fiscal Year

Playgrounds

Indoor
Centers

Paid Workers

Volun-
teer
Workers

From Relief Funds

From
Other
Than
Relief
Funds

M
e

^ s

e2J

g
d

•0
6

No. Em-
ployed

Time

s
s
■s

•s

6
Z

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Leadership

Total

6
•s

a
B

•3
d

Kentucky

29,074

29,000

54,440

1,604

65,882

115,000
49,282
56,537
60,000
15,800

111,000

5,365

10,000

49,677

12,992

7,226

4,989
3,941
6,734
4,140
5,571
81,066
4,000
3,922
400
837
1,104
2,247
4,923
1,548
1,600
1,400

Park Board

6
17

170.40

1,342.40

220.00
110.00
454.30

2,316.00

8,816.98

9,000.00

3,084.80

1.800.00

5,832.00

175.00

408.00

5,880.83

1,447.20

104.61

170.40

1,342.40

220.00
110.00
471.82

3,577.08

17,693.94

10,714.70

3,084.80

1,800.00

5,832.00

175.00

408.00

5,880.83

1,447.20

104.61

72.00

30.00

300.00

48.00

608.00

1,616.00

500.00

103.20

13.60

15.00

69.60

149.20

96.00

411.60

450.00

3,030.00

288.00

1,336.94

59.00

43.20

481.00

48.00

56.50

1,257.60

112.00

103.20

96.00

240.00

644.50

225.00

96.00

12.80

288.00

30.00

571.00

4,901.00

249.75

801.25

96.00

85.00

1,477.70

90.00

768.00

91.00

71.00

869.10

72.00

93.20

1,200.00

300.00

194.70

478.48

90.00

18.00
251.41

3,500
32,000

Maine

■>

Maryland

Frederick County"
Rnnw Hill

5
1
5

350
960

«>

Washington Co.>'. . .
Massachusetts

"Pall Rivpr

10
34
59
14
9
23

9
9
12
9
4
9
1
4
9
5

190,000
28,193
97.275

225,000
"9,000

135,000
3,600

"113,660
50,350

10
24
34
13

5
19

4
26

118.76
8,499.60

6,336.20

E.R. A......

16.264

400.00
250.00
800.00

1(1

Parks and Playground CommisBion

New Bedford

1
1

2
19
6

3
1
4
2
4
23
1

1
1

Pittsfield

Citizens' Playground Conunittee

School Board

250.00

i")

Ifi

Whitman

2
2
6

1,677

666

6,000

Michigan

Alcona County^* . . .

1
4

30.00
263.00

48.00

608.00

1,616.00

1f>

Belding

''I

5
17

100.00

3,000

Berrien County^^^ _ _
Bessemer

?'^

1,000

103.20

13.60

15.00

69.60

149.20

96.00

411.60

450.00

30.00

288.00

1,110.00

59.00

43.20

481.00

48.00

56.50

1,257.60

112.00

103.20

96.00

240.00

644.50

225.00

96.00

12.80

288.00

30.00

571.00

4,651.00

249.75

801.25

96.00

85.00

1,248.00

90.00

768.00

91.00

66.00

869.10

20.00

93.20

1,200.00

228.00

192.00

468.00

90.00

'>6

?«

Cedar Springs

Charlevoix

Cheboygan City. . . .

1,000
3,000

1
4
3
1
2
5

7fl

1
5

1
1
1

4,000
"2,400

'2,460

800

3,000.00

125.00

1
5
1
1
4

900

400

3,572

4,730

1,429

775

6,562

4,665

861

1,000

159

1,164

17,409

44,076

5,019

900

4,053

6,992

41,390

84,630

15.584

B,552

11,326

4,016

a,.595

5,554

11,330

Garden Township . .
Grand Ledge

3,5

38
39
40

Harbor Springs

Holton

2
10
2

9
5
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
3

43
4
5

2,402

100.00

"6,000

Kalltaeka

i
2

■2.666

43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
69
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76

77
78

50.00

Lake Leelanau

1
5

Manistee County". .
Marquette County*'
Marshall

800

2
2

Board of Education

80.00

Melvindale

Missoukee County'*

Muskegon

Muskegon County"
Muskegon Heights. .

2
2
8
3
4
1

4,666

2
6

1,200
3,900
7,000

4
12
5
4
1
4
4
2
3

City School District

46.97

"2,880

Niles

Board of Education

Ogemaw County". ,
Otsego County""... .
PresquelsleCo."...
Ralph

3,600

5
2

6
1

6
3
3
4
1

4.20

"1,327
"360

I
3

500

630
1,422

500

20,000

1,604

606

800
2,000

562
6,950

Consolidated School Board

S
1

7
3
1

500.00

Roscommon Co." . .

Royal Oak

Sagola*^^

1
5
1
1
2
1

School Board

70,050

Board of Education

1,692

School District

766

Springport

1
1

Board of Education

3
1
2

1,115.00
45.00
183.00
190.00
16.00
370.00

1,115.00

45.00

183.00

220.24

16.00

383.26

50.00

Three Oaks

Union City

1,800

1,104

1,200

600

15,009
10,169

15.00
30.00
200.00

418

I.OOO
2,000

120,000

School District

2,000

276,900
10,300

Minnesota

Aitkin County"....
Albert Lea

Recreation Deparment, State E. R. A. .
Park Department

1,512.00

106

EMERGENCY RECREATION SERVICE IN

Footnotes follow the table

1934

STATE AND
CITY

Popula-
tion

Managing Authority

Emergency
Recreation Leadorship

Expenditures for Emergency
Service Last Fiscal Year

Playgrounds

Indoor

Centers

Paid W'orkers

Volun-
teer
Workers

From Relief Funds

From
Other
Than
Relief
Funds

-i

1
Z

s
s
•s

•s

No. Em-
ployed
Full
Time

s
s
•0

■s

Land.
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Leadership

Total

>»

c
•s

d
Z

Minn — Cont.

Becker County** .

Big .Stone and Tra-
verse Counties*'.

Brown and Waton-
wan Counties**. . .

Clearwater and
Mahnomen Cos.*^

Grant and Stevens
Counties'*

Houston, Fillmore
and Winona Cos.''

Kittson and Roseau
Counties^

Koochiching Co.^. .

Lake of the Woods
County**

22,503

17,776

36,230

15,700

20,000

59,892

22,309
14,078

6,000
885

5,000
400

51,069

47,553

32,415

20,586

24,753

7,000

919

19,923

9,142

20,962

10,254
59,000

895
1,672

3,000

1,728
2,374
5,734

65,000
1,136

92,131
8,810
1,955
3,336
1,416
7,000
7,372

16,000

8,000

119,000

2,637

1,444

1,430

2,000
1,474
2,800

46,875
2,502

15,000
5,734
1,615
5,148
3,478

3,024

114,589

1,616

560

600

4,176

4,372

13,796

S. E. R. A

S. E. R.A

S. E.R. A

S. E. R. A

4
■ 6

6
22

4
5

2
1

1
1

8
6

5
3

4
3

2
6
4

3
3
4

1,844.00

"658.00

5,600.00

2,852.00

10,000.00

3,000,00

1,000,00
4,826.00

1,426.00
264.00
120.00
440.00

3,279.50

2,050.00

2,345.00

2,620.00
4,000.00
2,353.00

144.00

220.00

3,094.00

'=658.00

5,600.00

3,002.00

20,000.00

5,482.40

1,630.00
7,201.25

1,426.00
264.00
120.00
440.00

3,638.50

2,425.00

'«12,745.00

7,974.73
4,250.00
8,353.00

194.00

220.00

33,900

6
2

16
10

20
10

50,000
10,000

30,242

34
4

6,800

22,500

7,500

13,000
5,040

2
4

1,500.00
100.00

540.00

35.00

10.00

90.00

105.00

1
4
3

''2,000

Little Falls

Littlefork

Morrison and Crow
W ing Counties". .

Olmsted and Dodge
Counties'*

Sibley and Nicollet
Counties"

Wadena and Hub-
bard Counties'^ . .

Washington Co.". , .

11
3

31
14

31
3
5

S. E. R. A

S.E.R. A

1
4
3

1
1

1
1
4

4
5
4

1
2
1

114,500

1
23

8
12
3

1,340
53,500
11,680
40,000
3,400
V,524

375.00
10,400.00

3
4
5

53,200
2,500

4,811.97

6,000.00

465.00

Mississippi

Mendenhall.

Missouri

Calloway County**..
Camden County.. . .
Cass County*'

Clark County*^

Springfield

■"O

C. W. A

'ft

C. W. A

Missouri Relief and Reconstruction Com-

252.00

240.00

3,240.00

126.00
96.00

369.00

28.50

32.00

180.00

6,550.00

216.00

1,920.00

110.80

350.00

285.00

67..50

256.00

560.00

1,364.00

250.00

3,619.00

24.00

168.00

136.00

80.00
860.00
300.00
1,283.77
297.00
420.00
195.00

24.00
120.00
750.00

936.00
7,384.00
184.80
75.00
115.20
750.00
657.00
351.00

252.00

240.00

3,540.00

126.00
96.00

360.00

28.50
32.00
180.00

6,550.00
216.00

1,920.00
110.80
350.00
285.00
117.50
256.00
560.00

1,364.00
250.00

3,619.00
24.00

168.00

136.00

80.00
860.00
300.00
1,283.77
297.00
420.00
195.00

24.00
120.00
750.00

936.00
9,064.00
184.80
75.00
115.20
750.00
657.00
351.00

F. E. R. A

School Board

6,000

'■I

Nebrasl<a

Bruning and Chester

E.R. A

Leo Brinda Poet No. 90, American Legion

"5,400

?")

''6

3
"12

450.00
20.00

2
3

150

400

615
982

New IHampshlre

Peterborough

New Jersey**

.\llendale

1
5

"Xf

Alpha

25.00

50.00

350.00

Amon Heights

Atlantic City

Beach Haven*^

Bayonne

Parent Teacher Association

1
14

"7
1

1
1
1
2
2
1
13

3
4

1
3
2
2
1
1
1
1

2
2

"2,227
30,000

3ft

Leisure Time Division, E. R. A

E.R. A

12
5
2
1

17,000

4,560

4,780

480

•^9

?•>

127,000

Bergenfield

Berlin

Camden County Park Commission

E.R. A

I^itizens' Recreation Committee

Leisure Time Advisory Council

E.R. A

Rpfrpqt.inn CnrriTTiit-ijip , ,

2
3

«*50.00
56.00

1
1
1
2
3
6
1
16

"24,627

"9,438

1,524

21,504

"40,733

40,000

5,000

161,423

Bernardsville ......

Blairstown

Boonton

1
. 4
3
1
10
1

246.00

90.00

500.00

14,080

Bound Brook

3
5

1
5

5
3

9
2
1
2

5
1

10,800
27,750

4ft

Cildwell

Camden

City Comrs. and Board of Education.. .
E.R. A

E.R. A

450.00

4?-

Cape May County,
Lower Township. .

Cape May County,
Middle Township.

Cape May Court
House

E.R. A

Recreation Committee

Clark Township. . . .

Clayton

Clifton

4
1
3

1
1
1

100.00

Community Committee

2,300.00

10.00

250.00

75.00

1
1
1

53,044

1,314

"18,520

"2,244

5
, 1

8,116
1,120

Closter

;^ommunity Recreation Committee

Collingswood

Delair

2
2

1
1

Parent Teacher Association

.53

Dennis Township. . .

E.R. A

Parent Teacher Aasociation**

,54

100.00
25.00

50.00
645.25
110.00
25.00
20.00

3
4
2
1

18,720
9,960

7,500
96,022
10,040
"1,915

2,520

S.'i

Kgg Harbor City...
Egg Harbor Town-
ship

Elizabeth

1
5
2

1
1
1
1
1

1
"8

4
6
2
1

8,325

500

110,345

264

210

1
2

1
1

Ewing Township . . .
Far Hills

E.R. A

5. _R. A

Neighborhood Club

1
20

Forked River

Franklin Township**

Glen Rock

Gloucester

6ft

Community Committee

"3,321
"24,627

1,584

Camden County Park CommlBsion

''SO.OO

107

EMERGENCY RECREATION SERVICE IN 1934

. Footnotes follow the table

STATE AND
CITY

Popula-
tioQ

Managing Authority

Emergency
Racreation Leadership

Paid Workers

No. Em-
ployed
Full
Time

Volun-
teer
Workers

Expenditures for Emergency
Service Lost Fiscal Year

From Relief Funds

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Leadership

Total

From
Other
Than
Relief
Funds

Playgrounds

Indoor
Centers

N. J.— Cent.

Haddonfield

Hainesville, Mason-

ville, Whiteabog. .
Hamilton Township.

Harrison

Hight^town

Hillsdale

Hopewell

lona

Jackson Township. .

Jersey City

Kenilworth

Lakehurst

Lakewood

Lawrence Township.

Lincoln Park

Livingston

Lodi

Maple Shade

Margate

Matawan

Mays Landing

Metuchen

Merchantville

Middlesex Borough.

Milltown

Millville

Montville*^

Mountainside. .....

Mount Holly

Neptune

New Market

New Providence. . . .
New Providence

Township

North Bergen

North Caldwell

Nutley

Palmyra

Paulsboro

Peapack -Gladstone .

Pennington

Pensauken

Pleaaantville

Point Pleasant

Pompton Lakes ....
Pompton Plains. . , .

Princeton

Prospect Park

Raritan

Raritan Township. .

Red Bank

Ridgewood

Riverside

Scotch Plains

Seaside Heights ....
Shell Pile, PortNorris

Somerville

South .\mboy

South Plainfield....
South Toms River. .

Springfield

Thorofare

Union

V'erona. . .-.

Wallington

Wenonah

Westfield

West New York.. . .

Wildwood

Williamstown

Woodbine

Woodbridge

Township

Woodbury

WVckofF

New Mexico

Las Cruces

New York

Batavia

Cortland

Delaware County*" ,

Elmsford*'

Fort Edward

Fredonia

8,857

541
27,121
16,166
3,012
2,964
1,467

200

1,719

328,027

2,224

947
7,869
6,293
1,831
3,400
11,555
6,000
2,913
2.264
3,300
5,740
3,592
3,504
2,994
15,000

500

965
7,000
10,625

526
1,918

1,899

40,714

1,500

22,000

4,976

7,000

1,273

1,335

16,915

11,580

2,058

3,104

2,500

6,992

5,909

4,790

10,500

11,622

12,185

7,000

4,186

399

500

8,255

8,476

5,047

811

3,725

600

16,472

8,000

9,076

2,000

15,801

37,107

8,000

2,000

2,164

26,000
10,000
2,995

7,000

17,000
15,043
41,163
5,000
3,880
6,000

Camden County Park Commission .

E. R. A

Hudson County Park Commission. .

E. R. A

E. R. A..
E. R. A..
E. R. A..

Parent Teacher Association. .
E. R. A..
E. R. A..
E. R. A..

School Board

Recreatien Committee .
Board of Education . . .

E. R. A

E.R. A

E. R. A

E.R. A

E.R. A..

Parent Teacher Association.

Planning Commission

E.R. A

E.R. A..

Board of Education

Parent Teacher Association..
Parent Teacher Association .

E.R. A

E. R. A

Parent Teacher Association. .

Recreation Committee.

E.R. A

E.R. A..

Recreational Committee.

E.R. A

E. R. A..
E.R. A..

Parent Teacher Association..

E.R. A

E.R. A.

leisure Time Advisory Council .

E.R. A

E.R.

Board of Education .

E.R. A

Board of Education .

E.R. A

E.R. A..

Recreation Association.
City of South Amboy. .
E.R. A..

Colored Church*. .

E.R. A

E.R. A.

Parent Teacher Associations .

E.R. A

Board of Education

E.R. A.

Recreation Committee

E.R. A

Community Center Council. .

E.R. A

Board of Education

Rotary Club and Other Civic Groups .

Welfare Department

Temporary E. R. A

County 4-H Club

Recreation Commission

.School Board and Recreation Commission
Recreation Committee

2S0.00

351.00

246.00
873.60
1,500.00
453.20
133.86
154.00
120.00
504.00
8,970.00
1,350.00
200.00
276.00
772.80
112.00
300.00
669.00
300.00
150.00
495.00
150.00
673.00
180.00
120.00
150.00
210.00
252.00
15.00
120.00
600.00
120.00
165.00

15.00

1,440.00

225.00

2,666.40

300.00

362.50

168.00

2S9.20

180.00

1,316.00

480.00

311.26

46.00

361.60

1,196.00

216.00

1,833.27

1,405.00

150.00

300.00

10.00

32.00

750.00

477.60

105.00

108.00

115.20

75.00

150.00

345.00

640.00

880.10

300.00

2,310.00

1,200.00

182.40

150.00

405.00

4,456.00
460.00
101.50

234.00

473.00

482.04

1,411.00

lOO.OO

1,475.00

1.776.00

361.00

246.00
873.60
3,600.00
463 20
133.86
154.00
120.00
604.00
8,970.00
1,. 350.00
200.00
276.00
772.80
112.00
300.00
669.00
300.00
150.00
496.00
150.00
573.00
180.00
12C.00
160.00
210.00
252.00
16.00
120.00
600.00
120.00
166.00

16.00

1,440.00

226.00

2,666.40

300.00

362.60

168.00

272.70

180.00

1.316.00

480.00

311.25

46.00

361.60

1,196.00

216.00

2,083.27

1,405.00

160.00

300.00

10.00

32.00

775.00

477.60

105.00

108.00

115 20

75.00

,150.00

^46.00

640.00

880.10

300.00

2,310.00

1,200.00

182.40

160.00

405.00

4,455.00
460.00
101.50

488.00

482.04

1,411.00

100.00

1,476.00

1,776.00

"60.00

1,237.58

240.00

15.00

120.00

60.00
25.00

400.00
184.00

80.00

50.00
300.00

25.00
250.00
100.00

50.00
100.00

100.00

50.00
200.00

50.00
100.00

150.00
110.00
26.00

50.00
26.00
25.00
60.00

450.00

260.00

25.00

500.00

60.00
60.00
160.00

25.00
.60.00
426.00

56.00
800.00
300.00

50.00

750.00
150.00

150.00

210.00

64.00

"24,627

36,200

1,000

11,360

8.480

16,360

4.192

"6,300

15,000

11,840

15,680

4,200

14,937

5.450

6.250

3,500

8.400

62.200

"3.671

27.660

29.700

2,850

6.350
12,600
19,560
"8,640

12,000
2.310
"33,050
4,7.50
7,900

"4,889
6,040

"1,879

12,860
1,440
5,390

31,760
28,760
"7,290
66,960
6,500

23.860

2,500

"16,868

29,250

"2.400

"659

1.400

"18,700

9,000

21,813

2,000

"20.246

127,360

1,010

'224,812
6,050

15,000

11,000
9,000
5,750

1,980

134

6,728
2,600

840

360

31,390

■ 4,566
950

400
2,480
4,200

450

661

108

EMERGENCY RECREATION SERVICE IN

Footnotes follow the table

1934

STATE AND
CITY

Popula-
tion

Managing Authority

Emergency
Rocreation Leadership

E.xpenditures for Emergency
Service Last Fiscal Year

Raygrounds

Indoor
Centers

Paid Workers

Volun-
teer
Workers

From Relief Funds

From
Other
Than
Relief
Funds

e2|

g
S

■s

No. Em-

ploj'ed

Full

Time

g
S

•s

■0

Land,
Buildings,
Permanent
Equipment

Leadership

Total

g
2

6
Z

New York— Cont.

12,462

7,500
64,006
25,539

9,500
24,771
11,056
23,000
15,000
22.000
303,053

2,500
7,000,000

Recreation Commission and Fulton Ath-
letic Club

20
4

30
6

1
14

6
25

i9
6

"4
5

<"25

39,418.44

7,000.00
1,690.00
6,864.45
3,507.60
937.00
16,200.00

46,668.44
1,690.00
5,864.46
3,957.60
3,342.99

23,100.00

73,654

2
3
8
3
1
8
1
2

28,548

14,000

464,147

13,340

1,245

3,240

690

325.00

Herkimer County" .
Huntington

T, E. R. A

Board of Education

9
6

79,073
16,808

125.00

■i

School Board

Lackawanna

Little Falls

Lockport

2
1

19
2

105
2
4

11
2
3
1

9
5
5
2
3

'35,660
48,790
'•4,250
18,505

812,206

School Board

13,688.12
360.00
665.50

48,982.00
1,488.00

121,683.19

375,636.55

1,960.00

1,671.58

12,046.00

1,200.00

1,379.63

420.00

16,000.00

180.00

370.00

151.20
151.20

386.40

1,000.00
400.00
290.00

1,320.00

13,988.12

360.00

8,143.26

48,982.00
1,488.00

121,683.19

375,636.55

1,960.00

1,671.58

12,046.00

1,200.00

1,379.63

420.00

18,000.00

180.00

706.00

151.20
151.20
386.40

1,000.00
400.00
290.00

1,392.00

25.00

Middletown

Nassau County^' . . .

NewCa-stle"

New York City....
North Castle"

78
3

203

173
2
6

19
7

11
1

26
1
1

....

1
1
6
3
1

11
1

1
1

1
1
7

7,191.35

County T. E. R. A. and State Board of

58
3

4
1

57,200
5,000

Recreation Commission'^

300.00

[ Works Division, Department of Public
J Welfare^s

j Department of Public Welfare and
\ Board of Education**

173
2

105

Board of Education'^

1
6
10

' '30,628

1
1

Ogdensburg

Oneida County'* . , .
PeekskiU"

17,000

198,763

17,000

33,000

4,700

100,000

250

620

2,000
2,500
11,000

10,000

8,000

800

22,524

18,000
8,000

30,000
1,754

699
13,583

271
13,876
50,320

8,000

Board of Education and T. E. R. A

Rome

600.00

1
13

28,000
"120,000

Schenectady

Sharon Springs

Valhalla"

T. E. R. A. and Board of Education. . . .
Central School

96,000
650

25.00

336.00

1
1
1

6
3
1

7
1
1
4
1

2
8
5

1
1
1

North Carolina

Ayden

Pitt County E. R. A

Pitt County E.R. A

Pitt County E. R. A

School Board

3
3
5

3
2
2
6
3
2
12

Greenville

"35,000

1,366
11,250
22,950

' "52,660
800

1
5

91^

Ohio

300.00
75.00

Ofi

HflinHpn

F.E.R.A

County Emergency Schools Council

Henry County"

638

350.00

3,125.00

96.00

26.00
40.00

40.50

192.00

1,100.00

404.75
48.00
76.00

350.00

3,200.00

96.00

26.00
40.00

40.50

206.00

1,100.00

404.75
48.00
76.00

50.00

2,000

State E.R. A

Ohio Emergency School Administration.

E.R. A

?*'

McConnelsville

Montville and Ring-
gold

Morgan County**.. ,
Neelysville and

Reinersville

Pike Count.v"

Wood County"*. . . .

Oregon

Baker

State Emergency Schools

300

E.R. A

E. R. A

2
1

200.00

40,000
"1,080

American Legion and Alpha Club

3,000
1,348
3,000
16,093
5.000
1,767
5,761
740
1,360
2,550

60,000

26,000

460

7,800

30,000

10,251
6,500

6,243

4,173
4,316

'5,660

City School District

1
2

4''

Gladstone'"' .•

Hillsboro

City, School Board and C. W. S

1
2
2

257.00
188.25
929.90

352.00

3,542

Klamath Falls

Marshfield

Milwaukie'"'

Oregon City"'

Parkrose

Recreation Department S. E. R. A

Coos Bav Post No. 17, American Leffion
School Board and C. W. S.

94.00

2
2

City. School Board and C. W. S

1
4
6

1
1
3

165.00
128.00
589.80

3,600.00

165.00
128 00
589.80

3,600.00

1
3

4.9

20.00
75.00

"1,600

Tillamook

Pennsylvania

Bethlehem

1
5

6
6

23,155

Recreation Commission

School Board and C. W. A

1
1

4
8

"4,500

';•>

Thompsoiftown ....
Rhode Island

1
2

1
4

,"i4

Work Relief Bureau

868.10

12,694.20

1.360.00

2,343.75
11,792.25

1,100.00

8,989.17
507.00

4,356.68
304.00

320.00

15,000
30,252

South Carolina

Spartanburg

South Daliota

Watertown

Yankton'"'

Texas

New BraunfeU'w. . .

Utah

East Juab County'"
Park City

Recreation Committee, Woman's Club. .

Advisory Recreation Committee

Kiwanis Club

1,360.00

2,343.75
275.10

3,950

132.94

11,517.15

City of New Braunfels

860.00

250.00
125.00

'iR

,19

F.E.R.A

School Board and Recreation Board

F.E.R.A

2
2
11

1
•

8,689.17

300.00

5
17
4

' 'iiim

Salt Lake Region"*.
Tooele

....

10
3

3,738.16
304.00

109

EMERGENCY RECREATION SERVICE IN
Footnotes follow the table

1934

STATE AND
CITY

Popiila-
tioD

Managing Authority

Emergency
Recreation Leadership

Expenditures for Emergency
Service Last Fiscal Year

Playgrounds

Indoor
Centers

Paid V/orkers

Volun-
teer
Work»r8

From Relief Funds

From
Other
Than
Relief
Funds

Hc2

■s

No. Em-

ploj-ed

Full

Time

Land,
Buildings,
Permanen
Equipmen

Leadership

Total

•c

d
Z

Vermont

Barre

15,000

2,000

10,000

2,500

600

207
3,000
7,482

800
1,257
3,600
1,000
8,000

670
3,500

2,625

400
15,457
13,315
15,263
22,247
21,071
40,661
129,710
28,564
10,271

3,496

125,000

28,441

22,000

600

28,030
90,786
13,125
10,641
28,511
16,124
61,323
58,534

38,319
2,600
9,660
16,737
19,478
12,785
22,334

4,500
800

2,906
670

1,819

1,917
31,080

9,695 (
2,095.

F. E. R. A

■?

Barton"'

School Board

1
1
1
1
2
1
1
I

420.00
270.0C
270.00
90.00
1,200.00
246.00
250.00
120.00
330.00
362.80
150.00
150.00
240.00
150.00

300.00

72.00
392.50

20.00

84.00
1,426.40

16.00
480.70

133.00

206.00

420.00
270.00

8,343.00
90.00

1,200.0c
246.00
265.00
120.00
330.00
560.00
150.00
150.00
240.00
150.00

300.00

1,770.77

1,469.40
274.85
388.80

1,426.40
16.00

2,252.23
51,519.14

7,316.92
636.60

15.00

8.00

373.00

14.00
400.00

22.34

Bennington

Fair Haven

Guilford

1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3

7,650
5,670

School Board

7,700.00

Vermont E. R. A.

Marslifield'M

Middlebury

Montpetier

1,750
5,500
1,200
4,600
18,650

School Board

1
1

School Board

6.00
35.00

Orieans

Adult Education Council

1
2
4

Poultney

School Board

1
1
1

1''

3
2
4

St. Jolinsbury

Saxtons River

Swanton

State Department of Education

E. R. A. and Parent Teacher Associatioo
V. E. R. A and School Board

1
1

....
3

"2
2

1
3
5
3
1

3
21

20.00

160.00

5.00

15.00

I
1

1
1

"3,600
1,760
2,500

"11,700

White River Junc-

V. E. R. A

Work Division, V. E. R. A

V.E.R. A

V. E. R. A

County Commissioners and V. E. R. A. .

1
8
1
1
9
2
3

Virginia

Amelia Court House
Botetourt County'".
Buckingham County
Caroline County"^.

1,698.77

1,076.90

254.85

304.80

1
5

75.00

Fouquier County"'.

Lynchburg

Norfolk''^

V.E.R. A

V.E.R, A

V.E.R. A

V. E. R. A

School Board

2;*

1,771.53

■■■7,183'.92
331.50

Petersburg

Suffolk

4
3

1
4
13

Washington

Paaco

1
1
1

10,500
15,000

10
8

825.00

i,'366.6o

2,000.00

410.00

54.00

678.00
9,892.16

322.50

486.00
1,420.26

241.37
1,230.86

15,613.67
583.20
260.00
400.95
942.50
942.50
631.80
847.50

4,097.25
468.00

600.00

Wallft Walla Co.'" .

Ywirimn

"70,200

360.00
40.00

630.00
8,210.90

307.50

460.00
1,316.26

216.61
1,048.43

900.00
540.00
260.00
371.25
877.50
877.50
585.00
787.50

94.00
273.00

Yelm

Washington E. R. A

E. R. A

E.R. A

4
24
6
2
6
3
7

3
2

West Virginia

Berkeley County'" .
Cabell County"5. ..

Clay County!"

GUmer County'" . .
Hancock County'".
Jackson County'". .
Vlercer County'^ . .
Logan County'^'. . .

Mingo County'-'. . .

7
23

"5,920
103,850

1,056.52

10
4

223,600

2
3

1
8

6
4
2
2
3
1
1
3

1
1
1
2
2
4
6

150.00

17
8
4

18
6
1
3
6
8
3
7

1
I

8,000
4,780

■3S

E. R. A. and Agricultural Extension

14,613.67

9,360

State R. A.

45.00

Pendleton County'"
Putnam County'-* .
iioane County"^. . .
Tyler County'". . . .
Wetzel County'" .

Wisconsin

Berlin

1
3
1
3
4

-46

F. E.R.A

F. E. R. A

4,003.25

201.50
60.00

3,600
6,000

•7

East Troy

4(|

Edgerton ....

1
1

1
2

'2,466

*Iattoon

606.00

120.00

540.00

768.90

4,600.65

374.00
40.00

726.00

640.00

768.90

19,503.52

374.00
40.00

200.50

ron County Relief Department

2
2
5

3conto Falls

ftalworth County"*

Wyoming

'latte County"s . . .
rhermopolis

476.00
6,397.00

14,400
18,980

.53

rt^. E. R. A

14,648.37

3
2

4,935

66 '

•

FOOTNOTES (EMERGENCY SERVICE)

1. This report covers service in Butler and Lisman.

2. This report covers service in Fulton, Whatley and Grove Hill.

3. This report covers service in Ashland, Lineville and Millerville.

4. This report covers service in Enterprise and Elba.

5. This report covers service in Burnt Corn, Flat Rock, Nymph and Holly Grove.

6. This report covers service in Cypress, Greensboro and Newbern.

7. This report covers service in Newville, Headland, Capps and Abbeville.

8. This report covers service in Millport, Detroit and Vernon.

9. This report covers service in Letohatchee, Fort Deposit, Braggs, Sandy Ridge, Mount Willing and

Hayneville.

110

10. This report covers service in Demopolis, Linden, Thomaston, Sweetwater and Nanafalia.

11. This report covers service in Hamilton, Haclileburg, Guin, Winfield and Brilliant.

12. This report covers service in Cuba, York, Livingston and Shelbyville.

13. This report covers service in Tuscaloosa, Elrod and Peterson.
13a. This report also covers service in Sheffield.

14. This report covers service in Cordova, Dora, America, Carbon Hill, Jasper, Goodsprings, Oakman
and Nauvoo.

15. An outdoor swimming pool was operated in the summer of 1934.

16. This report covers service in Chino, Uplands, Redlands, Victorville, Yucaipa, Barstow, Needles,
Cres'tline, Arrow Head, Big Bear, Colton, Rialto, Fontana and Cucomonga. (Additional service in the City of
San Bernardino is included in the report for that city.)

17. This figure represents participants only.

18. This report covers service in Southport, Youngstown and Fountain.

19. This report covers service in Fort Lauderdale, Hollywood, Hallandale, Dania, Davey and Pompano.

20. This report covers service in Blountstown, Altha, Frink, Kinard, Carr, Marysville and Clarksville.

21. This report covers service in Naples, Imokalee, Everglades City and Collier City.

22. This report covers service in Miami, Miami Baach, Coral Gables, Opa Locka, Perrine, Homestead,
Florida City, Ojus, South Miami, North Miami and Hialeah.

23. This report covers service in Newberry, Evinston, Micanopy, Island Grove, High Springs, Waldo,
Archer, Hawthorne, Starke, Lawtey, Brooker, Crystal River, Dunnellon, Floral City, Inverness, Homosassa,
Lake City, Mason City, Watertown, Fort White, Lake Butler, Raiford, Providence, Worthington Springs, Cross
City, Bell, Brooksville, Springs Lake. Bronson, Williston, Chiefland, Otter Creek, Cedar Keys, Anthony, Citra,
Fort McCoy, Reddick, Summerfield, Weirsdale, Trilby, San Antonio, Dade City, Bushnell, Wildwood, Oxford,
Centejr Hill, Webster and Coleman.

24. This report covers service in Tamna, Plant City, St. Petersburg, Clearwater, Largo, Passagrille,
Bradenton, Sarasota, Punta Gorda and Fort Myers.

25. This report covers service in Quincy, Chattahoochee, Havana and Greensboro.

26. This report covers service in Wewahitchka and Port St. Joe.

27. This report covers service in Jasper, Jennings, White Springs and Belmont.

28. This report covers service in Poplar Springs, Bethlehem, Noma, Esto, Ponce de Leon, Westville,
Leonia and Bonifay.

29. This report covers service in Graceville. Campbellton, Cypress, Alford. Bascom, Greenwood, Kynes-
ville. Compass Lake, Cottondale, Cave Springs, Malone, Dellwood, Inwood, Round Lake and Marianna.

30. This report covers service in Monticello, Aucilla, Lamont, Lloyd, Wacissa and Waukeenah.
30a. This report covers service in Mayo and Day.

31. This report covers service in Tallahassee, Chaires and Woodville.

32. This report covers service in Bristol, Hosford, Rock Bluff, Telogia and Sumatra.

33. This report covers service in Madison, Greenville, Lee, Lovett and Pinetta.

34. This report covers service in Holt. Wright, Fort Walton, Baker, Dorcas, Red Oak, Beach Branch,
Silver Springs, Crestview, Milligan, Laurel Hill and Niceville. ^

35. Complete information not available.

36. This report covers service in Pace, Jay, Juniper, Calvary, Springhill, Milton, Fidellis, Wallace and
Allentown.

37. This report covers service in Live Oak, Branford, Dowling Park, McAlpin and Wellborn.

38. This report covers service in Perry, Boyd, Scanlon and Shady Grove.

39. This report covers service in Wakulla, Arran, Crawfordsville, Panacea, St. Marks, Sanborn and
Sopchoppy.

40. This report covers service in Freeport, Glendale and Liberty.

41. This report covers service in Caryville, Shiloh and Wausau.

42. This report covers service in Atlanta, College Park, East Point and Hapeville.

43. This report covers service in Chicago, Berwyn, Blue Island, Calumet City, Chicago Heights, Evan-
ston, Glencoe, Harvey, Oak Park, Park Ridge, La Grange Park, Wilmette, Niles Center and Western Springs.
(Additional leadership and expenditures from the Illinois Emergency Relief Commission are included in the
reports from several of these cities.)

44. Some of these were indoor centers and play streets.

45. This report covers service in Robinson, Palestine and Oblong.

46. Maintained a program of community recreation activities for colored citizens.

47. This report covers service in Farmington, Norris. St. David, Middle Grove, Ipana, Vermont, Sum-
ner, Ellisville, Lewistown, Cuba, Canton, Marietta, Smithfield. Bryant, Brereton, Fiatt and Banner.

48. This report covers service in Panama, Nokomis, Witt, Taylor Springs and Schram City.

49. This report covers service in Hoyleton, Irvington, Oakdale, Okawville, Nashville and New Minden.

50. This report covers service in Southport, Beech Grove, Ben Davis and Indianapolis.

51. This report covers service in Audubon, Exira, Kimballton, Gray and Viola.

52. This report covers service in Frederick, Brunswick, Emmittsburg, Middletown and Myersville.

53. This report covers service in Keedysville, Hagerstown, Boonsboro, Sharpsburg, Williamsport and
Hancock.

54. This report covers service in Harrisville ani Lincoln.

55. The names of the communities served were not reported.

Ill

56. This report covers service in Filer City, Stronach and Manistee.

."57. This report covers service in Forsyth Township and in Gwinn. ,

58. This report covers service in McBain, Falmouth, Merritt and Moorestown.

59. This report covers service in Holton, Montague and Whitehall.

60. This report covers service in West Branch, Rose City, Lupton, Prescott and 19 rural communities.

61. This report covers service in Gaylord, Vanderbilt and Johannesburg.

62. This report covers service in Onaway.

63. This report covers service in Roscommon, Houghton Lake and Markey.

64. This report also includes service in Chaming.

65. This report covers service in Aitkin, McGregor, Hill City, Jacobson, Rabey, Shovel Lake, Swatara,
Tamarack, McGrath, Lawler, Malmo, Cutler, Palisade, Kimberly, Arthyde and Rossburg.

66. This report covers service in Detroit Lakes, Lake Park, Ponsford, White Earth, Frazee, Shipman,
Arago, Audubon, Ogema and Tamarack Lake.

67. This report covers service in Odessa, Wheaton, Johnson and several other communities.

68. This report covers service in St. James, Lewisville, Butterfield, Madelia, Hanska, New Ulm, Sleepy
Eye, Cobden, Springfield and Comfrey.

69. This report covers service in Alida, Bagley, Clearbrook, Gonvick, Leonard, and Berner.

70. This report covers service in Morris, Herman, Elbow Lake, Barrett, Chokio, Alberta, Hancock, Nor-
cross, Wendell, Donnelly, Erdahl and Ashby.

71. This report covers service in Spring Grove, Caledonia, St. Charles, Lanesboro, Preston, Peterson,
Chatfield, Lewiston and Winona.

72. This report covers service in Karlstad, Donaldson, Bronson, Greenbush, Hauge, Badger and Hallock.

73. This report covers service in International Falls, Ranier. Holler, Littlefork, Big Falls and Mizpah.

74. This report covers service in Baudette, Williams, Pitt, Graceton, Carp, Clementson, Hiwood, Faunce
and Spooner.

75. This report covers service in Brainerd, Crosby, Ironton, Deerwood, Cuyuna, Pequot, Nisswa, Roy-
alton, Pierz, Swanville, Motley, Randall and Bwckman.

76. This report covers service in Rochester, Eyota. Oronoco, Stewartville, Dover, Chatfield, School Dis-
tricts No. 81, No. 34 and No. 16, Kasson and Dodge Center.

77. This report covers service in St. Peter, North Mankato, Nicollet, Lafayette. Klossner, Traverse,
Norseland, New Sweden, Belgrade Township, St. George, Gibbon, Winthrop, Gaylord, Arlington, Hender-
son, Green Isle and New Auburn.

78. This report covers service in Akeley, Verndale, Sebeka and Park Rapids.

79. This report covers service in Stillwater, Marme, Lakeland, Afton, St. Paul Park, Big Lake, Valley
Creek, Newport and Mahtomedi.

80. This report covers service in Fulton, McCredie, Auxvasse, Stephens and Hatton.

81. This report covers service in Cleveland, East Lynne and Creighton.

82. This report covers service in Kahoka, Medill, Ashton, Luray, Wyaconda, Alexandria, Saint Francis-
ville, Gregory Landing and Wayland.

83. This figure represents the total number of volunteers reported.

84. Emergency recreation programs in New Jersey communities were either carried on directly by, or
in cooperation with, the Leisure Time Division of the State Emergency Relief Administration. Unless other-
wise indicated the program was under the direction of a local sponsoring committee. In addition to the
leaders reported by the local communities, there were twenty men and women who gave full time service as
county leisure time supervisors.

85. This report includes service in Barnegat an! Ship Bottom Beach-Arlington.

86. This report covers service in Janvier and Plainville.

87. This report also covers service in Bowlbyville.

88. This report covers service in Andes. Margaretville, Bovina Center, Hobart, Stamford, Downsville,
Treadwell, Walton, Delhi, Hancock and East Branch.

89. This community is also served by the Westchester County Recreation Commission.

90. This report covers service in Dolgeville, Frankfort, Herkimer, Ilion and Mohawk.

91. This report covers service in Lynbrook, Rockville Centre, Baldwin, Freeport, Merrick, Massapequa,
Hicksville, Westbury, Hewlett, Mineola, Oceanside, Great Neck, Port Washingtoi}, Glen Cove, Locust Valley,
Oyster Bay and in several State Parks.

92. This report also covers service in Chappaqua and Millwood.

93. This report relates to 77 play streets sponsored by the Crime Prevention Bureau. In addition, the
Department provided the emergency leaders reported by the Park Department and Board of Education.

94. This report covers service rendered the Department of Health Education in conducting play activities
in the schools.

95. This report covers service in Armonk and North White Plains.

96. This report covers service in Whitesboro, New York Mills, New Hartford, Boonville, Woodgate,
Prospect, Camden and Holland Patent.

97. This report covers service in Napoleon, Ridgeville Corners, Liberty Center, Malinta, Holgate and
Deshler.

98. This report covers service in Deavertown and Roseform.

99. This report covers service in Waverly, Piketon, Beaver, Stockdale, Wakefield, Jasper, Latham and
Given.

112

100. This report covers service in Bowling Green, North Baltimore, Rossford, Perrysburg, Ross Town-
ship, Woodside, Stony Ridge, Bradner, Wayne and Pemberville.

101. This report covers the operation of a bathing beach.

102. This report covers the operation of a swimming pool.

103. One of the playgrounds reported was at Utica.

104. This report covers the operation of two bathing beaches.

105. This report covers service in Nephi, Mona and Levan.

106. This report covers service in Vernal, Brigham City. Garfield, Magna, Murray, HoUaday, Bingham,
Richfield, Eureka, Price, Wellington, Scofield and Standardville.

107. This report also covers service in Glover, Brownington and Irasburg.

108. This report covers service in five towns.

109. This report covers service in Buchanan, Glen Wilton, Eagle Rock and Fincastle.

110. This report covers service in Bowling Green and four other towns.

111. This report covers service in Warrenton and The Plains.

112. This report covers the construction and operation of an outdoor swimming pool.

113. This report covers service in Walla Walla, College Place and in unincorporated districts.

114. This report covers service in Hedgesville an! Inwood.

115. This report covers service in Camp Creek, Longbranch, Bo wen. Roach, Salt Rock, Milton, Fetly and
Central.

116. This report covers service in Ivydale, Bickm9re, Clay and Swandale.

117. This report covers service in Ellis, Gilmer. Stouts Mills, Sand Fork, Baldwin, Troy, Newbern, Cox's
Mills, Tanner, Glenville, Normantown, Hardman, Cedarville, Perkins and Conings.

118. This report covers service in Glendale and Grandview.

119. This report covers service in Ravens wood, Ripley, Cottageville, Sandy ville, Gay and Liverpool.

120. This report covers service in Bluefield, Priceton, Athens, McComas, Giatto, Matoaka and Thorn.

121. This report covers service in Lake, Chapmanville, Henlawson, Man, Big Creek, Clothier, Sharpies,
McConnell, Stollings, Peach Creek and Isom.

122. This report covers service in Williamson, Delbarton, Bias, Matewan, Chattaroy and Kermit.

123. This report covers service in Reeds Creek, Circleville and Brandy wine.

124. This report covers service in Buffalo, Red House, Hurricane, Scott Depot, Hodges and Bancroft.

125. This report covers service in Rudy, Speed, Stringtown, Hofftown, Looney ville, Newton and Hunt.

126. This report covers service in Sisterville and Middlebourne.

127. This report covers service in New Martinsville, Brooklyn, Reader, Pine Grove, Smithfield, Burton
and Paden City.

128. This report covers service in Walworth, Whitewater, Delavan, Elkhorn and Lake Geneva. (An addi-
tional worker is included in the report for Delavan.)

129. This report covers service in Wheatland, Sunrise and Esterbrook.

It is not too early to make plans NOW

to come to the

livent\j'-^ksi Tiailonai Kec^eaticn Gcna^,e^s

to be held

September 30 - October 4, 1935

In Chicago, Illinois

Write for information to T. E. Rivers

NATIONAL RECREATION ASSOCIATION

315 FOURTH AVENUE NEW YORK CITY

113

Ttie Service of the National Recreation Movement

in 1934

386 cities in 43 states were given personal service through the visits
of field workers.

116 cities were helped in conducting their recreation activities for
Negroes, 47 through field visits of the Bureau of Colored Work.

4,757 requests for advice and material on amateur drama problems
were submitted to the Drama Service.

84 cities in 21 states received service from the Katherine F. Barker
Field Secretary on Recreation for Girls and Women.

93 institutions for children and the aged in 55 cities were visited per-
sonally by the field secretary on Play in Institutions. Additional service
was given to more than 300 institutions.

21,944 boys and girls in 387 cities received badges, emblems or cer-
tificates for passing the Association's athletic and swimming badge tests.

24 states were served through the Rural Recreation Service con-
ducted in cooperation with the Extension Service of the United States De-
partment of Agriculture. 6,658 people attended the 117 institutes which
were held.

20 states received visits from the representative of the National Phy-
sical Education Service. In addition, service was given to 42 states through
correspondence, consultation and monthly News Letters.

5,922 different communities received help and advice on recreation
problems through the Correspondence and Consultation Bureau.

142 social recreation and other institutes and training courses for
local leaders were carried on with the help of Association workers.

The Music Service issued bulletins, gave correspondence and consul-
tation service, and through personal visits helped a number of cities plan
programs and train volunteers for community music activities.

Through the Publications and Bulletin Service publications were is-
sued on various recreation subjects and regular bulletin services were
maintained.

Recreation, the monthly magazine of the movement, was received
by 1,257 cities and towns.

Recreation leaders from 230 cities in 34 states exchanged experiences
and discussed vital problems at the Twentieth Recreation Congress.

114

National Recreation Association

Incorporated

FINANCIAL STATEMENT

January 1, 1934 thru December 31, 1934

General Fund Balance December 31, 1933 $ 20,697.70

Less amount borrowed from Emergency Reserve

Fund repaid 20,000.00

Income

Contributions $170,712.72

Contributions for Specific Work 7.947-37

Interest and Dividends on Endowment Funds 9.394-57

Recreation Sales, Subscription and Advertising 6,366.39

Badge Sales i,533-65

Special Publication Sales 11,407.13

Business Operations 2,244.99

Interest and Dividends — Frances Ross Foley Me-
morial Fund 255.00

Expenditures to December 31, 1934
Katherine F. Barker Memorial Field
Secretary on Athletics and Recrea-
tion for Women and Girls $ 5,989.79

Katherine F. Barker Memorial District

Field Work 3,500.00

Play in Institutions 500.00

$ 11,491-14

$ 9.989-79

$ 697.70

209,861.82

Expenditures $210,559.52

Community RecTeation Field Service $128,664.19

Field Service to Colored Communities 8,011.20

National Physical Education Service 9,685.24

Correspondence and Consultation Bureau 25,951.03

Publications and Bulletin Service 10,921.50

Recreation 13,913.61

Play in Institutions 2,541.91

Recreation Congress 4,288.09

203,976.77

General Fund Balance December 31, 1934 ■ $ 6,582.75

Katherine F. Barker Memorial

Balance December 31, 1933 $ 5,481.04

Receipts to December 31, 1934

Contribution $ 5,000.00

Contribution for Specific Work 696.15

Book Sales 3^3-95

6,010.10

$ 1,501.35
115

Massachusetts Project for Conserving
Standards of Citizenship

Balance December 31, 1933 $ 558.80

Receipts to December 31, 1934. 1,800.00

2,358-80

Expenditures to December 31, 1934 I,y2().i2, ^ 62067

Play in Institutions

Receipts to December 31, 1934

Contribution $ 5,800.00

Play in Institutions Bulletin 29.50

— $ 5,829.50

Expenditures to December 31, 1934 i, 525-27 a. ^^. „^

!p 4.304-23

Endowment and Reserve Funds .

Special Fund (Action of 1910) $ 25,000.00

Lucy Tudor Hillyer Fund 5,000.00

Emil C. Bondy Fund 1,000.00

George L. Sands Fund at December 31,

1933 $ 12,219.98

Received through Liquidation, in 1934 243.24

12,463.22

"In Memory of J. R. Lamprecht" 3,000.00

"In Memory of Barney May" 500.00

"In Memory of Waldo E. Forbes" i,403-02

Frances Ross Foley Memorial Fund (x) 6,000.00

Ellen Mills Borne Fund 3,000.00

Other Gifts 17500

C. H. T. Endowment Fund 500.00 •

Frances Mooney Fund 1,000.00

Sarah Newlin Fund 500.00

"In Memory of William Simes" 2,000.00

"In Memory of J. R. Jr." 250.00

Frances R. Morse Fund " 2,000.00

Emergency Reserve Fund $134,975.00

Amount borrowed repaid from General

Fund 20,000.00

154,975.00

Loss and Gain on Sale of Securities 3.775-94

Ella Van Peyma Fund 500.00

Nettie G. Naumburg Fund 2,000.00

"In Memory of William J. Matheson". 5,000.00

Alice B. P. Hannahs Fund 1,400.00

"In Memory of Daniel Guggenheim" 1,000.00

"In Memory of Alfred W. Heinsheimer" 5,000.00

Nellie L. Coleman Fund 100.00

Elizabeth B. Kelsey Fund 500.00.

Sarah Fuller Smith Fund 3,000.00

Annie L. Sears Fund 2,000.00

John Markle Fund 50,000.00

$293,042.18

(x) Restricted

I have audited the accounts of the National Recreation Association for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1934
and certify that in my opinion the above statement is a true and correct statement of the financial transactions of the
General, Special Study and Endowment Funds for the period.

(Signed) J. F. CALVERT, Certified Public Accountant.

116

National Recreation Association

Incorporated

formerly named Playground and Recreation Association of America
315 Fourth Avenue, New York City

OFFICERS

Joseph Lke, President

John H. Finley, First Vice-President

John G. Winant, Second Vice-President

Robert Garrett, Third Vice-President
GusTAvus T. KiRBY^ Treasurer
H. S. Braucher, Secretary

DIRECTORS

Mrs. Edward W. Biddle
Carlisle, Pennsylvania

William Butterworth
Moline, Illinois

Clarence M. Clark

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Henry L. Corbett
Portland, Oregon

Mrs. Arthur G. Cummer
Jacksonville, Florida

F. Trubee Davison

Locust Valley, New York

Mrs. Thomas A. Edison
West Orange, New Jersey

John H. Finley
New York, N. Y.

Robert Garrett
Baltimore, Maryland

Austin E. Griffiths
Seattle, Washington

Charles Hayden
New York, N. Y.

Mrs. Charles V. Hickox
Michigan City, Indiana

Mrs. Francis deLacy Hyde
Plainfield, New Jersey

Gustavus T. Kirby
New York, N. Y.

Hugh McK. Landon
Indianapolis, Indiana

Mrs. Charles D. Lanier
Greenwich, Connecticut

Robert Lassiter

Charlotte, North Carolina

Joseph Lee

Boston, Massachusetts

Edward E. Loom is
New York, N. Y.

J. H. McCurdy

Springfield, Massachusetts

Otto T. Mallery

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Walter A. May

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Carl E. Milliken
Augusta, Maine

Mrs. Ogden L. Mills
Woodbury, N. Y.

Mrs. James W. Wadsworth, Jr.
Washington, D. C.

J. C. Walsh

New York, N. Y.

Frederick M. Warburg
New York, N. Y.

John G. Winant

Concord, New Hampshire

Mrs. William H. Woodin, Jr.
Tucson, Arizona

117

HONORARY MEMBERS

Dr. Stuart W. Adler

Rock Island, Illinois
David Alexander

Akron, Ohio
Ray Stannard Baker

Amherst, Massachusetts
Mrs. George D. Barron

Rye, New York
A. T. Bell

Atlantic City, New Jersey
Mrs. Edward C. Bench

Englewood, New Jersey
Nathan D. Bill

Springfield, Massachusetts
George F. Booth

Worcester, Massachusetts
Anna H. Borden

Fall River, Massachusetts
John R. Brinley

Morristown, New Jersey
Richard E. Byrd

Boston, Massachusetts
G. Herbert Carter

Huntington, New York
Mrs. George Edwards Clement

Peterboro, New Hampshire
Mrs. Walter S. Comly

Port Chester, New York
Charles M. Cox

Boston, Massachusetts
WiNTHROP M. Crane, Jr.

Dalton, Massachusetts
Z. Marshall Crane

Dalton, Massachusetts
Julian W. Curtiss

Greenwich, Connecticut
Henry L. deForest

Plainfield, New Jersey
Mrs. John W. Donaldson

Irvington-on-Hudson, New York
Clyde Doyle

Long Beach, California
Mrs. S. S. Drury

Concord, New Hampshire
Mrs. a. Felix du Pont

Wilmington, Delaware
Mrs. Coleman du Pont

Wilmington, Delaware
Mrs. D. E. F. Easton

San Francisco, California
John Erskine

New York, New York
Mrs. Irving Fisher

New Haven, Connecticut
Mrs. Paul FitzSimons

Newport, Rhode Island
Mrs. Ralph E. Forbes

Milton, Massachusetts
Robert A. Gardner

Chicago, Illinois
Charles C. George

Omaha, Nebraska
Charles W. Gilkey

Chicago, Illinois
Thomas K. Glenn

Atlanta, Georgia
Mrs. Charles C. Glover, Jr.

Washington, D. C.
C. M. Goethe

Sacramento, California

118

Rex B. Goodcell

Los Angeles, California
Mrs. Charles A. Goodwin

Hartford, Connecticut
Charles W. Gordon

St. Paul, Minnesota
William Green

Washington, D. C.
Franklin T. Griffith

Portland, Oregon
Mrs. Norman Harrower

Fitchburg, Massachusetts
Mrs. S. H. Hartshorn

Short Hills, New Jersey
Ellen R. Hathaway

New Bedford, Massachusetts
Mrs. F. R. Hazard

Syracuse, New York
Dorothy Heroy

Stamford, Connecticut
Mrs. William G. Hibbard

Winnetka, Illinois
Mrs. Francis L. Higginson

Boston, Massachusetts
Mrs. Albert W. Holmes

New Bedford, Massachusetts
Mrs. Howard R. Ives

Portland, Maine
H. H. Jacobs

Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Mrs. Ernest Kanzler

Detroit, Michigan
Helen Keller

Forest Hills, New York
John Harvey Kellogg

Battle Creek, Michigan
Mrs. William Kent

Kentfield, California
WiLLARD V. King

New York, N. Y.
TuLLY C. Knoles

Stockton, California
A. H. Lance

Kenosha, Wisconsin
William Lawrence

Boston, Massachusetts
Philip LeBoutillier

New York, N. Y.
Alice Lee

San Diego, California
Lucius N. Littauer

New Rochelle, New York
Seth Low

New York, N. Y.
Mrs. Louis C. Madeira

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Henry L. Mayer

San Francisco, California
John W. McClure

Washington, D. C.
Mrs. F. O. McColloch

Los Angeles, California
George A. McKinney

Alton, Illinois
Sumner T. McKnight

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Charles G. Middleton

Louisville, Kentucky
John F. Moors

Boston, Massachusetts

Charles Nagel

St. Louis, Missouri
Roy B. Naylor

Wheeling, West Virginia
Charles Peebles

Hamilton, Canada
Daniel A. Poling

New York, N. Y.
Arthur Pound

New Scotland, New York
Herbert L. Pratt

New York, N. Y.
Frederick H. Rike

Dayton, Ohio
Mrs. R. Sanford Riley

Worcester, Massachusetts
Mrs. Theodore Douglas Robinson

Mohawk, New York
Mrs. Willoughby Rodman

Los Angeles, California
Franklin D. Roosevelt

Washington, D. C.
Theodore Roosevelt

Oyster Bay, New York
Mrs. Henry H. Sanger

Groose Pointe, Michigan
Mrs. Algar Shelden

Grosse Pointe Shores, Michigan
Mrs. Albert G. Simms

Washington, D. C.
Mrs. James R. Smart

Evanston, Illinois
John D. Spencer

Salt Lake City, Utah
M. Lyle Spencer

Seattle, Washington
A. A. Sprague

Chicago, Illinois
Robert Gordon Sproul

Berkeley, California
Mrs. O. a. Stallings

New Orleans, Louisiana
Florence M. Sterling

Houston, Texas
Mrs. Sigmund Stern

San Francisco, California
Mrs. S. Emlen Stokes

Moorestown, New Jersey
Harold H. Swift

Chicago, Illinois
LoRADq Taft

Chicago, Illinois
Mrs. Francis J. Torrance

Sewickley, Pennsylvania
William G. Watson

Toronto, Canada
Ridley Watts

Morristown, New Jersey
C. S. Weston

Scranton, Pennsylvania
Dwight C. Wheeler

Bridgeport, Connecticut
Harold P. Winchester

Albany, New York
Stephen S. Wise

New York, New York
Henry Young

Newark, New Jersey

World

Play

Courtesy Sun Francisco Recreation Con

A Jail Becomes A
Social Center

San Francisco's sev-
enty-five year old
Ingelside Prison,
which withstood the
shock of the 1906 earthquake without the dis-
placement of a single brick, has fallen before
the needs of the city's recreation commission,
and the thirteen acre site on which the jail is
located will be used for a new recreation center.
Prior to their removal to new quarters the
prisoners had a hand in remodeling the old
prison, working with zest to remove window
bars and cell blocks. The grounds have been
graded and landscaped, the reservoir will be
turned into a swimming pool and there will be
courts and diamonds for games of all kinds.
The floor of the jail, formerly used as a chapel,
will become a little theatre. \ French count
who spent some time in the prison made some
paintings for the walls which will be retained.
On the next floor there will be handball and
volley ball courts, a gymnasium and club
rooms. The first floor will have the kitchen and
dining room.

Thus San Francisco is demonstrating the
proof of the old saying, "playgrounds are sub-
stitutes for jails."

Marine Study
As A Hobby

The study of the
fauna and flora of
Southern California's
coast has been devel-
oped into an interesting hobby as the result of
organized groups formed by the Playground
and Recreation Department of Los Angeles.
Two natural history hobby groups are now
functioning at municipal beaches with a grow-
ing number of participants joining in the col-
lection, identification, and preservation of many
forms of marine and shore life. Shells and
crustaceans, seaweed, fish, birds, octopi and squid,
insects, and other specimens found along the sea-
shore are being secured by members of the groups
and placed on display in growing museums,
located at various beaches.

Why Not A Travel
Directory?

Dr. Henry S. Cur-
tis, director of the

FERA recreational

survey being made
in Washtenaw County, Michigan, suggests
that a directory which would be a sort of public,
Baedecker and would point out to the curious
travelers the parts of real travel interest in
every state and county would be a great asset

119

120

WORLD AT PLAY

MAKE IT YOURSELF

Shepherds Pipes Pan Pipes

Transverse Flutes

Raw Material, Tools, Specifications

Catalog on tequeit
Educational Department

WALBERG & AUGE Worcester, Mass.

to our educational system and would also be
well worth while commercially. "Probably
the people of America travel more by auto
than all the rest of the world put together, but
there is no directory to show us what is worth
seeing on the social, industrial or historical
side. It would look like a good project for the
FERA to get out such a travel guide at this
time for each state and the nation."

A Nature Guide School on Wheels.^A novel
project has been announced by Western Re-
serve University, Summer Session, in its pro-
posed three week New York to New England
educational tour to be conducted in August,
^935- Dr. William Gould Vinal will be in charge

of the 2,600 mile trip, which will be taken in a
comfortable thirty passenger bus. This means
of transportation will make it possible to stop
at important points for instructions without
loss of time or effort. The route will zigzag to
interesting nooks and corners known to' native
born New Englanders. It will include a na-
tional park, the thrill of going up more than a
mile into the air to sleep on the top of Mount
Washington, a motor tour to the scenic Atlantic
coast with its quaint towns of colonial fame,
the spectacular beauty of a region whose na-
ture education is full of romance unexcelled in
all America, and a variety of interesting na-
tural history projects. In order to make the
excursion most worth while, it will be limited
to twenty-five students, preferably those major-
ing in the field of teaching elementary science.
Further information may be secured from Dr.
Vinal at School of Education, Western Reserve
University, 2060 Stearns Road, Cleveland, Ohio.

"Ladies, Let Us Sing!" — Thus the Extension
Department of the Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Public
Schools invites women and girls to meet once a

A Recreational Leadership Curriculum

Westbrook Junior College

• A two-year curriculum that is ideal for the active girl who is
interested in outdoor life, hobbies, playground work, and girls'
organizations.

"I think we will have more need for people trained in culture
and recreation .... We need people trained to cater to culture, edu-
cation and play."

HONORABLE HENRY A. WALLACE
Secretary of Agriculture

For Catalogue address

WESTBROOK JUNIOR COLLEGE for GIRLS

Portland, Maine

Benjamin

FLOODLIGHTING

Equipment

for Sport and Other
Outdoor Recreational Areas

BENJAMIN

" PLAY-AREA"

FLOODLIGHT

Specially designed for the floodlight-
ing of outdoor recreational areas.
Combines a large porcelain enameled
steel reflector with an inner reflec-
tor of oxidized aluminum. May be
equipped with Benjamin "Saflox"
lowering attachment for safe and easy
cleaning and relamping.

WE DO OUR PAKT

Benjamin Floodlights and other lighting
fixtures are being used in every part of
the country for the effective and eco-
nomical lighting of Softball Fields, Ath-
letic Fields, Playgrounds, Football Fields,
Baseball Fields, Tennis Courts and Swim-
ming Pools, increasing attendance and
promoting faster and more satisfactory
night time playing.

Rugged and durable. Porcelain enam-
eled reflecting surfaces are easily cleaned,
will not tarnish, peel or require repaint-
ing or refinishing. All other parts are
weather resisting.

Send for this Book

"A Guide to the Effective
Night Lighting of Sports."
A 24 page bulletin outlining
the most effective means of
night lighting of sports fields.

BENJAMIN ELECTRIC MFG. CO.

DES PLAINES, ILLINOIS

NEW YORK

CHICAGO

SAN FRANCISCO

121

122

WORLV AT PLAY

ITCHELf

Playground Apparatus,
Schools — Homes — Parks

Mitchell Whirl

The Mitchell Whirl, shown above, is
just one number in the "Betterbilt'*
line. Send for free illustrated catalog
and name of your state distributor.

MITCHELL MFG. CO.

1540 Forest Home Ave. Milwaukee, Wis.

» Local, State, and National
Leaders in Public and Private
Community Recreation Agen-
cies will meet in . . .

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

at the

Twenty-first
NATIONAL RECREATION

CONGRESS
September 30 - October 4, 1935

Headquarters - Sherman Hotel

•

PLAN NOW TO ATTEND

For further information write to Mr. T. E.

Rivers, National Recreation Association,

315 Fourth Avenue, New York City.

week for "an evening of joy at singing" at one of
the social centers. Women and girls beyond high
school age are invited to join the group. The
only requirement for membership is a love of
singing.

A First Aid Kit for Hikers. — According to
the "Minnehiker," the publication of the Min-
neapolis Municipal Hiking Club, a member of
the club has devised a first aid kit which can be
packed in a typewriter ribbon box. It contains*
iodine, i8 inches of i inch adhesive tape, 4
aspirin tablets, 36 inches 1^/2 inch sterilized
gauze, a piece of cotton the sige of the box and
yi of an inch thick, two compresses. The iodine
is packed in a small glass vial, the pills in a
small rouge box.

A Child Development and Parent Education
Conference. — On June 17th, i8th and 19th, the
ninth annual Iowa Conference on Child Devel-
opment and Parent Education will be held in
Iowa City, Iowa. The health of the young child
will be the main consideration of the lectures
and round table discussions. All sessions will
be open to anyone interested in child develop-
ment. The conference, which will be under the
direction of the Iowa Child Welfare Research
Station and the Extension Division of the State
University of Iowa, will be held in conjunction
with the eighth Health Education Conference
of the American Child Health Association to
be held June igth-June 22nd.

Summer Sessions for Men and Women at
Mills College, California. — Mills College, Cali-
fornia, has announced its summer sessions for
June 24 to August 3, 1935. They will include
art, child development, dance and sports with
Hanya Holm, Director of the New York Wig-
man School as visiting instructor in modern
dance, drama, French,' courses in the theory,
appreciation and technique of music, and crea-
tive writing.

The Chicago Recreation Commission. — Mr.

Edward L. Burchard has been appointed Ex-
ecutive Secretary of the Chicago Recreation
Commission whose headquarters are at 1634
Burnham Building, Chicago. For the past six
years Mr. Burchard has been secretary of the
Superintendent of Schools Educational Council
and Community Advisor of the Adult Educa-
tional Emergency Program. For many years

WORLD AT PLAY

123

The above illustration is the new TOEBE DOUBLE LINK

CALK SKIN BELT— so designed that even a child can

easily assemble them.

To appreciate the value of this set

for recreation center handicraft

activities, send 35c. for sample

set and further particulars.

CALF SETS .... 35c. Each .... $3.75 Per Doi.

Black, Brown, and White
Liberal Discount on 3 Doz.

Catalogue Sent Free Upon Request

CHAS. A. TOEBE LEATHER CO.

Leather Craft Supplies
149 NORTH 3rd ST. — Founded 1872 — PHILA. PA.

he was secretary-treasurer of the National
Community Center Association. At the present
time the Commission is functioning through
special committees. Dr. Arthur J. Todd of
Northwestern University is chairman of the
Chicago Recreation Survey. Dr. Ernest W.
Burgess of the University of Chicago is serving
as chairman of the committee on the Police
Institute, while Henry P. Chandler, former
President of the Union League Club, is in
charge of the committee on Immediate Pro-
jeois. Dr. Philip L. Seman is chairman of the
Commission.

Drama for Children in Berkeley. — The Re-
creation Commission of Berkeley, California,
is producing in cooperation with the local lead-
ing theatre Saturday morning plays for chil-
dren with adult actors. This experiment in
Berkeley is similar to that being conducted so
successfully in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, under
the auspices of the Extension Department of
the Public Schools.

FREE!

Rules and Court Layouts
for PADDLE TENNIS

• Everything the recreation director wants
to know — a new, illustrated folder on the fastest
growing, low-cost game for playground, school
or club — Paddle Tennis!

• Actual diagrams of playground courts
for all playing surfaces — dirt, clay, grass, cement
or wood — indoors and out. Also official layout
for the popular new wooden platform court for
all year 'round use.

• This folder contains large size illustra-
tions of official Paddle Tennis paddles and sets.
Complete prices on all equipment — paddles,
balls, nets, tapes, posts and bases. Send for your
copy of this new folder and then give your com-
munity the chance to enjoy all the sport and
speed of tennis in a space one-fourth as large
as the ordinary court.

THE PADDLE TENNIS CO. inc.

285 Madison Avenue * New York, N. Y.

Sole Makers of Official Paddle Tennis Equipment

124

WORLD AT PLAY

PORTABLE BLEACHERS

UNIVERSAL BLEACHERS can be moved
about easily and stored away out oi
the weather during off seasons. They can
be rearranged quickly to accommodate
crowds for Softball, football, soccer, boxing
and other sports. Universal bleachers and
grandstands are made of a higher grade
of material than can ordinarily be obtained
locally, making for complete safety and
many years of continuous service. Both
steel and wood parts are well painted. All
sizes 2 to 33 tiers high.

UNIVERSAL BLEACHER CO.

606 So. Neil Street

Champaign, Illinois

Leisure Time Activities, Inc. — Leisure Time
Activities, Inc. of Providence, Rhode Island,
operating on a fund of about $3,500 raised by-
private subscription has carried on its program
using approximately 60 ERA workers and
from 55 to 60 volunteers. The community cen-
ters are operated one night a week in each of
two junior high schools. A ten room building
has been secured rent free in a congested
district which will be furnished by contribu-
tions of furniture, books, magazines, etc., quiet
game rooms will be established here. Social
dances and social evenings have been popular
and art is an outstanding activity. Hobby clubs
have attracted many enthusiasts. Provision
was made for 200 home and allotment gardens.

A Five Year Anniversary. — On February
15th the Westchester County, New York, Re-
creation Commission celebrated the fifth an-
niversary of the opening of the County Center

You Will Enjoy

THE CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY

A Journal of Community Religion

RICHARD E. SHIELDS, Editor

BUILDS COMMUNITY GOODWaL

Contributing Editors: Frederick B. Fisher, Burris
Jenkins, Orvis F. Jordan, W. J. Lhamon, N. A. McCune,
Toseph Myers,, E. Tallmadge Root, John R. Scotford, R.
Carl Stoll, Alva W. Taylor, Carl S. Weist.

How to Unite Churches . . . The Communty Church

Movement . . . Vital News . . . Religious Digest

ILLUSTRATED

One Year $1.00 Three Years S2.50

Published by

1HE COMMUNITY CHURCH WORKERS.U.S.A.

77 West Washington Street, Chicago

with a concert featuring Ruth Slenczynski, ten
year old pianist. Over a million people, accord-
ing to the report made public by Mrs. Eugene
Meyer, Chairman of the Commission, have at-
tended a total of more than 1,500 events in the
building. Attendance at musical evehts has
been the largest, 268,690 people having heard
218 concerts, operas or festival performances
in the five year period. Approximately 64,000
people actually participated in the events of
the center, 23,000 in junior or adult music
festivals, 32,000 in sports events and 9,000 in
the study of arts and crafts under the auspices
of the Westchester Workshop.

A National Commission on Summer Camps
for Children. — The organization in Cuba of the
National Commission on Summer Camps for
Children is the subject of a Presidental decree
of March 18, 1934. The Commission, which will
be a part of the National Department of Edu-
cation, is to establish and direct summer camps
for destitute children in the six provinces of
the country. The Commission is to consist of
a chairman, a secretary, and a treasurer and
twelve assisting members. There will also be
a technical advisory committee which will in-
clude school teachers, physicians, and a nurse.

Boys' Clubs in Somerville, Massachusetts. —

Within the past eight months, according to the
February 13th issue of the Boston Globe eight
boys' clubs sponsored by the Recreation Com-
mission of Somerville have been organized. Re-
cently they were united in a federation of clubs
which is supported and assisted by several local
civic and patriotic organizations. Boys in the
clubs vary in ages from fourteen to nineteen

WORLD AT PLAY

125

years. Indoor and outdoor activities are provided
— athletics, dramatics, handcraft, hiking, outings,
harmonica band, art activities, social recreation,
practice in parliamentary procedure. Frequently
lectures and discussions of an educational nature
are held.

A Toy Library. — A toy library is one of the
newest SERA projects on the Los Angeles,
California, playgrounds. On Tuesdays and
Saturdays from 1 1 :oo to 5 :oo the toy loan, as it
is known, is open to members who at that time
do their borrowing and returning of toys. The
only requirement for membership is the sig-
nature of one parent indicating his or her
willingness to cooperate in getting ordinary
care for the toy borrowed and for promptness
in returning it. Thus far games, dolls, scooters
and skates have proved the most popular of
the supplies.

America's First National Jamboree. — Boy

Scouts by the thousands will journey to Wash-
ington this summer to attend the first national
jamboree to be held August 21st to 30th. The
national capital is making available a camp site
for 30,000 boys, and preparations are under
way to make this a notable occasion. At the
twenty-fifth anniversary of Scouting celebrated
last month. President Roosevelt, Honorary
President of Boy Scouts of America, speaking
over the radio, extended an invitation to Scouts
everywhere to attend the jamboree.

At the Oklahoma City Zoo.— The Board of
Park Commissioners of Oklahoma City, Okla-
homa, is carrying on an educational program
in connection with its zoo. During the year
1934. eighteen classes in the various schools
were visited, and the classes from the high
schools and university were conducted through
the zoo. Lectures have been given on the lives
and habits of the animals. Programs and pic-
nics have been arranged for special groups of
children in connection with the zoo program.
A number of small cages have been constructed
for the exhibit of small animals. In this way
the animals are taken to the other parks,
particularly to the districts were underprivi-
leged children gather, and they are given an
opportunity to see and hear about the wild
animals.

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THE NEW AND
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Designed for professional
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freeing guard for additional rescues;

easy and quick of adjustment — and

fully guaranteed for TWO YEARS.

It is of durable, streamline construction,

adjustable to size, and equipped with red

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with quarter inch white cotton line and one

inch herringbone webbing shoulder strap.

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Folder and Price List Upon Application to
Ray L. Burket ... 1008 Eighth St Santa Monica, Calif.

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SANTA MONICA

126

WORLD AT PLAY

TENNIS NETS

— also —

Backstop Nets
Soccer Nets
Golf Practice Nets
in fact

All Sport Nets

This house has long
been headquarters
for all the above.

W. A. AUGUR

35 Fulton Street New York

A Popular Handcraft Activity. — One of the

activities of the Camden County, New Jersey,
Leisure Time Activities Department of the
ERA is a whittlers' or jack-knife club organ-
ized at Poynte Community Center. Projects
include the making of early American imple-
ments such as spoons, forks, trencher cups and
other pioneer utensils which are made from
wood and cut only by a jack-knife.

School Centers in Pontiac. — In October,
1929, the Board of Education of Pontiac,
Michigan, decided to allow the Department of
Recreation to use all gymnasiums without
charge. During the season 54 organizations
held 212 meetings, with a total attendance of
16,340. The winter season of 1930-31 showed
a 100 per cent increase over the previous year.
Sixty-nine organizations used the building 317
times, with a total attendance of 42,465. During
the present season the Recreation Department
will use II different school buildings more
than 1,600 times, with an attendance of more
than 135,000 people.

At the present time Pontiac has 84 SERA

Is Reading Your Hobby?

Books by Abbie Graham

LADIES IN REVOLT

• A vivid account of the charming but disturbing people
who played leading parts in the drama of woman's
changing position in the nineteenth century.

$1.75

Other Favorites

Ceremonials of Common Days $1.00

High Occasions 1.00

Grace Dodge: Merchant of Dreams 1.50

THE WOMANS PRESS ♦ 600 Lexington Avenue, New York, N.Y.

WORLD AT PLAY

127

PSYCHOLOGICALLY SPEAKING —

• Why does a youngster work his head off for a prize
emblem? For that matter, why do adults swear by
their national flags? It is the denotation of the emblem
or flag — badge or button — banner or pennant — that
makes you want to use these goods in your work.
Write us to give you some personal study and quota-
tions. We are actual manufacturers of these goods

LOU-WALT, INC.
821 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY

> h

i^k^i

^jlA

recreation classes with 22 people employed as
leaders who would otherwise be unemployed.
On February 9th, 6,048 people were enrolled
in the program.

In addition to the SERA program, the City
Recreation Department has organized a num-
ber of evening classes in which the group pays
for its own leadership and equipment. Classes
and activities paying their own way include
swimming for men and women, basketball
leagues, indoor baseball, volley ball leagues,
and gymnasium classes.

Dearborn Day. — Dearborn Day, the eighth
annual civic festival held on July i8th at Dear-
born, Michigan, attracted 20,000 people. The
celebration began at 9 130 in the morning with
ball games and horseshoe pitching contests.
All day long there were relays, races and
events of all kinds arranged under the direc-
tion of Henry D. Schubert, Superintendent of
Recreation.

A Hobby Today, A Job Tomorrow !— Wil-
liam N. Aleshin, director of the arts and crafts
shop located in the Bronx Union Y. M. C. A.,
New York City, reports that 20 per cent of the
men who have been coming to the shop have
secured new jobs in line with their chosen
hobby. These include such positions as that of
arts and crafts counsellors at boys' camps,
cabinet maker, repair man in a furniture con-
cern, and free lance model maker of boats, auto-
mobiles and airplanes. Most of these men had
formerly held clerical positions and were un-
employed at the time they were registered at
the arts and crafts center. Since the center was
opened over 75 adults have come to the center
and have acquired new interests.

Leisure Activities in Brattleboro. — The Lei-
sure Time Division of the Adult Education
Council is conducting in the city of Brattle-
boro, Vermont, thirty-three different activities
with an enrollment of 855 people. There are six

"JUNGLEGYM" NOW IN SIX SIZES
FOR CHILDREN OF ALL AGES

THE original Louden "Junglegym," made exclu-
sively by J. E. Porter Corp., is now available
in six sizes for children of all ages. Whether
your requirements call for the smallest Junglegym
accommodating 15 children from 3 to 5 years old;
or, the largest all-metal device accommodating
from 75 to 100 enthusiastic youngsters up to 12 or
15 years of age; Louden makes a size to meet your
playground and budget requirements.

Investigate now, the many superior advantages of
this tremendously popular piece of equipment.
Write for new free book
just off the press, illustrat-
ing and describing all
sizes, together with the
full line of Louden Beach,
Pool, Gym and Playground
Equipment. No obligation.

LOUDEN

PLAYGROUND
EQUIPMENT

J.E.PORTER CORPORATION

120 BROADWAY

OTTAWA, ILLINOIS

workers supplied by the Vermont ERA who
are assisted by a large corps of volunteers.
Leadership of the program is in the hands of
a committee, and the activities are sponsored
by subcommittees of citizens. At the present
time there are sixteen committees with a total
membership of 157 individuals. There are com-
mittees on arts and crafts, athletics and recrea-
tion for boys and for girls and for men and
women, music, contract bridge, cooking and
home-making, sewing and similar activities.
The arts exhibit committee has arranged two
unusually fine exhibits in the public library
gallery. The first was that of the Camera Club
which over 1,500 people visited. The second
was an exhibit of 42 Vermont landscapes by
Arthur Gibbes Burton. Volunteer hostesses
were in attendance each day at the exhibits.
Organ recitals were given on three Sunday
afternoons at the Estey Erecting Hall. Two
community sings were also held. "The notable
feature of the leisure-time program," accord-
ing to the local press, "is the fact that it is the
cooperative effort of the entire community.

128

SERVICE HELPS

PUT

DIAMONDS

ON YOUR
PLAYGROUND

DIAMOND CALK HORSESHOE CO.

4610 Grand Avenue, Duluth, Minn.

Great numbers of citizens have given freely of
their time and have worked enthusiastically to
make the program a success."

Youth and Crime. — Nineteen is the danger-
ous age in crime, according to the recent study
of the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the
Department of Justice. The cards from which
the study was made came from 7,220 police
departments ; police officers and law enforce-
ment agencies. The majority of the crimes re-
ported were credited to persons under thirty
years of age. Youths under twenty were
charged with 15.1 per cent. — From New York
Sun, February 19, I935-

Salt Lake City's Boys' Club.— The Salt Lake
City Rotary Club has undertaken as one of its
major projects the organization of a boys' club
which now reports a membership of 175.
Activities include hand-ball, ping pong, table
games, wrestling, boxing, tumbling, handcraft,
harmonica and drum instruction, photography,
and leadership clubs.

Service Helps

The Wave Stride was developed by the American
Playground Device Company to meet the need for a
device which will give maximum exercise and still main-
tain the highest degree of safety. It is propelled by the
children grasping the outside ring and kicking their feet
against the earth. Many officials have voiced their ap-
proval of the safety features, capacity, long wearing
qualities and the low first cost. In more than 25 years
the company has studied the design of play equipment
and has concentrated on the development of strong,
durable and safe outdoor play apparatus for playgrounds
and swimming pools. It is now located in its new and
modern factory at Anderson, Indiana.

W. A. Augur, Ittc., 35 Fulton Street, New York City,
has made high grade tennis nets since it gained its
reputation long ago in the days when old sailors made
every net by hand. This concern, whose principal business
is making fishermen's nets, knows just what to do to
make nets tough and long lasting.

The Benjamin Electric Mfg. Company of Des Plaines,
Illinois, has printed material and bulletins which will be
of interest to recreation workers, park officials and all
who have responsibility for the development and main-
tenance of outdoor recreation areas.

Catalogue 26, consisting of almost 300 pages of com-
plete listings, hundreds of illustrations, descriptive
material and helpful engineering data on reflectors,
lighting equipment, floodlights, fittings, and sockets and
signals, may be secured on request. This particular
catalogue will be most useful for engineers, contractors,
architects and users of such equipment for industrial
plants, schools, sports and other outdoor recreational
areas. A 24 page bulletin is also available which gives
information on the effective lighting of athletic fields.
Many illustrations show the resuhs of night lighting, in
addition to which there is much helpful design and
equipment data showing the actual layout of lighting
systems for soft ball fields, tennis courts, swimming
pools, football and athletic fields and other outdoor
recreational areas.

The Benjamin Electric Mfg. Company has developed
the "Saflox" floodlight lowering attachment which saves
time and expense and avoids danger in servicing flood-
lights by making it possible quickly and easily to lower
them to the ground where they can be handled safely.
The use of this attachment makes it possible to clean
reflectors as frequently as required, thus maintaining
original high lighting efficiency. Lamps may be changed
at any time. There are no "dead" units, no delay and no
special service charges to pay. Automatic polarization
and perfect alignment of reflector hood and canopy are
assured by the tongue and groove construction. The
features of particular advantage to floodlight users are:
Safer servicing, no climbing, no ladders, no danger ;
absolutely safe, simple, positive and fool proof operation;
no switches, no shocks, with circuit automatically made

SERVICE HELPS

129

MAM-TMU

FAST DRYING TENNIS COURTS

Tennis Courts

Improve your clay or dirt courts with HAR-CLAY
DE LUXE Top Dressing.

Two attractive colors — deep green or dark red.

Dustless — eliminates glare — improves footing and
general playing qualities of any clay court.

The cost is low. Literature and complete informa-
tion furnished upon request.

^ — ■"^ -i

Part of s battery of 6 courts at Write for circulars G and H
U.S. Ntvil Academy '

The HAR-TRU Fast Drying Tennis Court is the quality court for institu-
tions and individuals. It is resilient — dries within 30 minutes after heaviest rains
— very economical to maintain and requires no more daily care than a clay court.

A few representative installations:
West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills, L. I. • Philadelphia Country Club
Country Club of Detroit • Northmoor Country Club, Ravinia, 111.

HAR-TRU CORPORATION Recreational construction Engineers

17 East 45th Street New York, N. Y.

and broken when the lights are raised or lowered ; no
flickering or jarring loose from vibration; raising or
lowering does not affect setting for light coverage.

C. C. Bircliard & Company, 221 Columbus Avenue,
Boston, Massachusetts, publishers of Twice 5S Games
with Music — Red Rook, advertised in this issue, will be
glad to supply music catalogues on request.

Like many an old song that is revived as something
new and sweeps the country on a wave of popularity, the
game of horseshoe pitching is again filling a niche in the
lives of Americans. The game first developed to a high
pitch of popularity when Old Dobbin's cast off shoes
were tossed at sawed off broom handles in farm yards
and at fairs. Today modern factories turn out accurately
balanced "horseshoes" made to specifications issued by
the National Horseshoe Pitching Association. Tourists
count pitching horseshoe sets among their traveling duffel
as of prime imixsrtance for pleasure and relaxation at
the end of the muscle-stiffening drive. Playgrounds and
parks find the game ideal for beginners, youngsters or
oldsters and also a grand attraction for fans interested
in seeing experts ring the stake at every toss.

The shoe used would cause Ye Village Smithie anxiety
and graying hair were he asked to nail it in place on a
horse's foot. It is made in many styles and models, ac-
cording to the Diamond Calk Hor'seshoe Company of
Duluth, Minnesota, one of the oldest manufacturers of

a long line of pitching shoes and accessories in the
country. Some are made to lie flat and still instead of
bounding into a nearby court. Others have hooked ends
to catch the stake and remain the ringer they were ex-
pected to be when thrown. Some have curved toe calks,
others have straight. Special shoes are made for women
and children to pitch and not get tired by pitching.
Accessories, the manufacturers say, include such items
as leather bags to carry the shoes, official courts, stakes,
score pads, charts and rule books.

Stakes can be set up indoors in boxes filled with clay
for fans who do not care to allow weather to interfere
with their game.

Perhaps the reasons for "the growing popularity of
this old time game are twofold. America has taken to
the open road, welcoming a game that is not too stren-
uous yet stretches weary muscles as a much needed
diversion from driving. Also, what with new short hour
working conditions et al. leisure time has developed into
a major problem that calls for interesting things to do.

From Samuel French, 25 West 45th Street, New York,
and 811 West 7th Street, Los Angeles, there is now
available a complete catalogue revised and up-to-the-
minute which classifies and fully describes French's plays
of distinction for every need. A new system of classifica-
tion makes it possible to find just the play desired with
the least possible effort. Send for a copy at once.

130

SERVICE HELPS

cl.

YLYWiinjClYlCf

Talens Crafts Instruction Book
and Catalog of Materials

• Offering everything for the craft worker
and giving complete information concern-
ing materials and instructions for their use.

Featuring . . .

Leatherwork
Metalwork
Pottery
Block Printing

Beadwork
Basketry
Book Binding
Loom Weaving

• This 32-page booklet will be sent free
to institutions and heads of schools and
camps. Price to individuals fifteen cents.

Talens School Products Inc.

Chicago New York

San Francisco

Ulaaazine

If you are interested in

The leadership of youth.

The swiftly changing methods in organized
camping.

The statements of leading thinkers on educa-
tion through camping.

Leadership training — Counsellor's Education.

Camp Programming — Administration.

Outdoor Sports and Activities.

New Games, Land and Water.

Swimming — Canoeing — Sailing.

Riding — Archery — Riflery.

Woodcraft — Indian Lore — Nature.

Artscraft — Dancing — Stunts.

Council Fires — Story Telling.

Then read the Camping Magazine regularly
Send for a sample copy $2.00 a year.

Lane Hall, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Dcpt. R

In Hobbies for Everybody edited by Ruth Lampknd
and published by Harper & Brothers, 49 East 33rd Street,
New York City ($3.00), fifty popular hobbies are dis-
cussed by nationally known authorities. Says The Survey
of this book: "The scope of the hobbies selected is wide
enough to include a congenial avocation for everyone.
This ibook should fill a wide need."

The Har-Tru Corporation, 17 East 4Sth Street, New
York City, is the builder of the famous Har-Tru Fast
Drying Tennis Court. This court has a cinder base which
permits it to dry within a few minutes after it rains —
an advantage which adds greatly to its popularity and
usefulness. On top of the cinders is placed Har-Tru
patented green or red granular surfacing material. The
Har-Clay De Luxe Top Dressing for clay courts is
another desirable product. Spread lightly on the clay or
dirt, this dressing greatly improves the courts at small
cost.

Many important tennis matches are played on Har-Tru
courts, including the U. S. Davis cup matches and Army-
Navy championships. This year the National Intercol-
legiate Singles tennis matches will be played on the
Har-Clay De Luxe Top Dressed courts at Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois.

Are you looking for adult entertainment? It's About
Time, by Gerald Lynton Kaufman. Clock and watch
puzzles, problems and games. $1.50; Bringing Sherlock
Home, by Lawrence Treat. Seven mystery cases to be
solved competitively. $1.00; Naming Quintuplets, by J.
Bryan III. Fascinating question book, for one person
or a group. $1.00; May I Leaz'e the Room? by G. Lawson
Kendall. Party fun with original stunts and tricks. $1.00.
These Heyday House hits (244 Madison Avenue, New
York City) on sale at all bookstores.

Among the featured members of the 1935 line of
"Indera" swim suits offered by the Indera Mills Company
of Winslon-Salem, North Carolina, is Style No. 304 —
a button-on model of the halter neck, novelty brassiere
type for women. There are several special features. The
suit has a ruffle top halter neck. The upper part is in
effect an adjustable brassiere buttoning on to eyelets in
the upper part of the tropic trunks. This upper part
brassiere effect has a double knit featured stitch which
gives double thickness where needed and is dart-cut
from sides to center for perfect fitting. The tropic
trunks have a high waist-line effect held in place by form
fitting cut of top and belt loops placed properly with
adjustable belt. The trunks have double reinforced
crotch, with legs slashed in upward cut from the center
of the crotch, giving a perfect figure-fit. A special
feature of this model is the fact that two or more colors
can be obtained in the brassiere part, giving variations
in color tone.

The Indera "Figurefit" line includes 29 models in
eight solid colors and many color combinations. There is
also a complete line of tropic trunks and "Adjustit"
separate shirts for men and boys.

Send for the 1935 catalog illustrating every model.

The Mitchell Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee,
Wisconsin, manufacturers of steel products for a period

SERVICE HELPS

131

TENNIS for TEACHERS

By HELEN I. DRIVER

Instructor in Charge of Women's Tennis
University of Wisconsin

Otdett, accompanied by full payment tbould be directed to

H. I. DRIVER, Lathrop Hall
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.

of almost forty years, offers a new catalogue (No. 21)
giving complete information on Mitchell "Betterbilt"
Playground Apparatus. Several new and interesting play
devices have been added to the "Betterbilt" Line.

The Paddle Tennis Company, 285 Madison Avenue,
New York City, sole makers of Official Paddle Tennis
equipment, has just issued a new illustrated folder on this
fast-growing playground sport. The new folder contains
complete rules and instructions for playing the game, as
well as diagrams which show how easy it is to lay out
four Paddle Tennis courts in the space of one tennis
court. A court layout for the popular new wooden plat-
form court, for all-year use outdoors, is also included.
Prices on individual items and complete sets are given.
This pamphlet is free on request to playground directors.

It is extremely difficult to determine from surface
observations the quality and life of a diving board, so it
is interesting to know the precautions taken by some
manufacturers to insure their customers receving more
than just a plank dressed up to look like a fine diving
board, the more so because many diving boards available
run the gauntlet from clear fir plank down to almost
any kind of overripe and decayed fir lumber.

The J. E. Porter Corporation of Ottawa, Illinois,
manufacturers of Louden Recreation Equipment for more
than sixty-seven years are introducing a new diving board
developed after several years of intensive and careful re-
search. They feel it is truly the finest one piece, old
growth, yellow Douglas fir official diving board ever
marketed. In their efforts to achieve this result, they
not only consulted with one of the largest Coast mills,
but also received the benefit of recommendations from
the U. S. Forest Laboratory Engineers at Madison, Wis-
consin.

The board, especially selected, comes cleated with brass
bolts, oiled and tested. As an added safeguard to cus-
tomers, all boards are subjected to this special, severe
test in order to determine that the fibres of the lumber
are sufficiently strong to withstand the abuses and uses
to which it is subjected by all classes of divers during
the swimming season. A 2S0-pound weight is dropped
three times in quick succession from a 9-foot height.

Bright

ean

SUNSHINE
FRESH AIR

Keep playgrounds free from dust
with Solvay Calcium Cliioride . . .

PROTECTING children at play is the aim
of the modern playground. How im-
portant to protect them from the dan-
gers and dirt in dust! It's so easy and
it costs next to nothing.

Germs
in Dust

Before treatment After treatment

Make this a dustless outdoor season
on your playgrounds. Send today for
full information and booklet No. 1159.
^j^fe. Solvay Sales Corporation

Ui. %C -;^ Alkalies and Chemical Products Manufac.
yfe^*^yy tured by The Solvay Process Company
^-^^ 40 Rector Street New Yoric

Solvay

^^—^ TRADE MARK REG U S. PAT OFF

Cal.€iuj%i
Chloride

FLAKE-77^-80^

132

SERVICE HELPS

PLAYS

for the

COMMUNITY
THEATER

Recommended by

JACK STUART KNAPP

Drama Director

National Recreation Association

New York City

The "Community Theater" is not a build-
ing or an organization, it is composed of
the drama clubs, little theaters, churches,
schools, service clubs, granges, farm
bureaus, and all the other organizations
in the community which constantly or oc-
casionally produce plays. It is the present
"American" theater.

Send foe this free booklet today

SAMUEL FRENCH

25 West 45th Street, New York, N. Y.
8 1 I West 7th Street, Los Angeles, Calif.

"Pastimes Here, and Pleasant Games"

TWICE 55 GAMES WITH MUSIC
The Red Book

pROM childhood to old age the normal person likes to
play — an activity that means spontaneous recreation,
with study as a very negligible factor. Singing Games
offer a simple and practical means of genuine recreational
amusement. Send 25c. in coin for THE RED BOOK
containing all directions for games and dances. Separate
piano edition, 75c,

C. C. BIRCHARD & CO.

221 Columbus Avenue BOSTON. MASS.

Boards that pass this test are accepted as good diving
boards that will give long life and satisfactory service.
The Porter Corporation feel they have developed a diving
board which will give the ultimate in service and be the
last word in perfection. They state that their boards
under test over a period of several years have stood up
remarkably and the breakage when compared to other
diving boards is negligible.

Send for Louden's complete catalogue describing their
playground, gymnasium, beach and pool equipment (free
on request).

Res-Q-Tube has many advantages. Here are a few.

It is easy to throw and offers less resistance in the
surf. It cannot hurt the victim or guard if he is acci-
dentally struck by it. It fastens to the victim and the

PLAY SAFE LYo/7
^•t^PLAYGROUND

A SPECIAL SAFETY PACKET FOR
PLAYGROUND DIRECTORS

A collection of materials to help the playground director
promote safety is now availahle. It includes:

Ten attractive safety posters

A short play

Crayon lessons for small children

A program of activities for supervised playgrounds

Price $1.00

Safety Education Magazine, the only publication de-
voted entirely to child safety problems, brings you each
month posters, graded lesson outlines, informational
articles, stories, and plays.

$1.00 a year

With the Safety Packet, $1.75

NATIONAL

SAFETY

.COUNCIL

SAFETY EDUCATION MAGAZINE
One Park Avenue, New York

Enclosed find for which please send SAFETY EDUCATION MAGAZINE beginning

with the issue.

Enclosed find $1.75 for SAFETY EDUCATION MaGXZINE and the Special Playground Packet.

Name

Address

City and State

SERVICE HELPS

133

PENN STATE I^Ss

Inter-Session, June 11 to June 28
Main Session, July 1 to Aug. 9
Post Session, Aug. 12 to Aug. 30

College degrees for student! and teachers of
Health, Physical Education and athletic coachiiig
Seekers of degrees in Health and Physical Edu-
cation find Penn State's popular summer session
ideal. Combines thorough study with real vaca-
tion fun in the heart of the Alleghenies. Unusual
recreational opportunities. Modern gymnasium.
Tuition, room and board surprisingly low.

Graduate courses leading to advanced degrees.

Undergraduate courses leading to baccalaureate

degree. Special courses in athletic coaching for

men and women. Nationally-known coaching staff.

For catalog address

Director of Summer Sessions

The PENNSYLVANIA STATE COLLEGE
state College, Pa.

guard is free to engineer the rescue. It is light of weight
(three Res-Q-Tubes may be towed as easily as one piece
of the older type equipment.) It is buoyant; the victim
floats, making it possible for the life guard to make addi-
tional rescues. It is adjustable to size and may be
snapped on the victim in the roughest of waters. Simple
and quick of adjustment, it gives a sense of security and
confidence.

Res-Q-Tube is fully covered by a two-year guarantee.
Write Ray L. Burke t, 1008 Eighth Street, Santa Monica,
California.

Everything for the crafts worker may be secured from
Talens School Products Inc., Chicago, New York and
San Francisco. Special features include leatherwork,
beadwork, metalwork, pottery, book binding, basketry,
loom weaving and block printing.

Leathercraft is fascinating, interesting, educaional, and
easy to do. Many useful things can be made from leather
at a cost so low as to meet the most modest pocketbooks.
Write for the Special Leathercraft Projects Plan which
was especially conceived for recreation activities. Address
Chas. A. Toebe Leather Co., Leathercraft Dept., 149 N.
3rd St., Philadelphia, Pa.

A great advantage of Universal portable bleachers,
manufactured by the Universal Bleacher Company, 606
South Neil Street, Champaign, Illinois, is the fact that
they can 'be erected or dismantled quickly and easily by
inexperienced men. Their low initial cost with practi-
cally no maintenance expense, furnishes an ideal type of
seating for groups of people. The parts are made from
steel gauges and are thus interchangeable, making for
speedy erection. Only the best of materials are used
in construction — high quality of wood, superior paint and
extra heavy hardware.

With the growing enthusiasm over music in the play-
ground program, recreation workers will be interested
in the opportunity offered by Walberg & Auge, 86
Mechanic Street, Worcester, Massachusetts, whose ad-
vertisement appears in this issue. Write for descriptive
material.

Be Among the First to

INTRODUCE

These New Craft Projects

•

FASCINATING • CREATIVE • EDUCATIONAL

THESE splendid Craft Projects lend themselves ideally
' to Playgrounds . . . Beaded Bags, Necklaces, Brace-
lets, Collar and Cuff sets, Pictures, Pillows for the girls
to make . . . Watch Fobs, Wampum Belts, Hatbands
for the boys — and any number of useful and decora-
tive novelties for themselves, for gifts, or to sell. And
there is plenty of opportunity for ingenuity.

WOOD-BEAD CRAFT INDIAN BEAD CRAFT

TILE-BEAD CRAFT JEWEL CRAFT

FELT CRAFT

• Send today for our ne.w FREE Folder No. 121 de-
scribing and illustrating the varied number of attractive
and practical things to be made with materials and de-
signs — and you'll find them surprisingly economical too!

WALCO

BEAD COMPANY

37 WEST 37lh STREET
NEW YORK CITY, N. Y.

A variety of values are found in the Five Walco Han-
dicrafts—Indian Bead Craft, Wood Bead Craft, Tile
Bead Craft, Jewel Craft, and Felt Craft. Projects are
supplied by Walco for each of these crafts. Original
designs are very easy to make and afford unlimited play-
ground opportunities. The five handicrafts are described
in a new illustrated folder No. 121A. Write to Walco
Bead Company, 37 West 37th Street, New York City, for
free copy.

There are in this country today more than SCO junior
colleges serving- more than 100,000. This is a new unit
of education making an appeal to thousands who would
not go to college at all and to hundreds who would go
to the four-year institutions probably with less benefit.
The Westbrook Junior College in Portland, Maine, is
typical of this new type of education. Its two-year
recreational leadership curriculum presented in this
issue, is designed for the active girl interested in outdoor
life, in camping, playground work or in the program of
the Camp Fire Girls, Girl Reserves and Girl Scouts.

Lou-Walt, Inc., 821 Broadway, New York City, are
the actual manufacturers of most of the products they
sell and make an intensive study from the buyer's view-
point to determine how their products will fit into the
individual purchaser's recreation program.

134

MAGAZINES AND PAMPHLETS

YOU NEED

THE MAGAZINE- OF A TJIOUXAND DIVEOilONJ

for Inspiration and Ideas in Planning Your
Leisure-Time Programs

CAMP, playground, and recreation directors re-
sponsible for the well-being of young people dur-
ing the coming months of outdoor play will find
LEISURE full of helpful suggestions and practical
projects.

LEISURE is the only magazine catering to the leisure
tastes of every member of the American family. It is
educational without being scientific. You find new in-
troductions to Games . . . Sports.

Hobbies . . . Collections.
Books. Photography . . .
Creative Arts, Puiiles,
Dramatics, Travel, Music,
Hand Crafts, Nature
Study.

INSTRUCTIVE
ENTERTAINING
STIMULATING

Recreations Directors, Edu-
cators, and Civic Leaders are unreserved in their
praise of LEISURE

"After looking over the sample copy of LEISURE recently lent
this office, I wish to place our order for two annual subscrip-
tions to the magazine. I believe it will be a 'gold mine' of
program material for use with our groups." R. W. Robertson,
Recreation Dept., Oakland, Calif.

"LEISURE is a distinct contribution to the still pioneer Ameri-
can which has come to a new frontier of life — Leisure Time."
Howard L. White, Director of Recreation, Heckscher Foundation
for Children.

"A magazine like yours can do much to save our young people
from finding unwholesome outlets for their surplus energies by
putting before them in attractive and authoritative form the
many fields of activities which will satisfy their cravings for ad-
venture, for creation, for co-operation, and for leadership/' Ernest
Hermann, Dean, Sargent School of Physical Education.

"We have enjoyed the magazine very much and feel that it is
of value in programs such as ours." Louise Goodyear, Girl Scout
Peace House, Buffalo, N. Y.

"Your magazine has been recommended to me by the State De-
partment of Education." F. A. Bell, Supt., Amador County
Schools, Cal.

"A copy of LEISURE in every home would be a Godsend to
folks who have never before had the time for recreation, nor the
education for its use." R. A. Hoyer, Director, Dept. of Boy
Guidance, Graduate School, Notre Dame University.

Special Offer to Readers of Recreation

15 months only - $I.OO

FILL IN YOUR NAME AND ADDRESS, SEND BILL,
CHECK, STAMPS OR M. O. (Canadian or Fortign Po« — 50c.
extra). R

LEISURE, 683 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass. ^pK'^^

Please send yoor special 15 months offer — $1.00 enclosed.

Address _..

ciTV State

Magazines and Pamphlets

Recently Received Containing Articles
of Interest to the Recreation Worker

MAGAZINES

The American City, April 1935

Three New Pools (or Rochester, N. Y.

A City That Knows the Meaning of Recreation

The Journal of the National Education Association,
April 1935
The School Camp, by Henry S. Curtis

The National Parent-Teacher Magazine, April 1935

Planning the School Child's Summer, by Garry

Cleveland Myers
The Robinson Family — Leisure Time Activities, by
S. J. Crumbine, M.D.

New Jersey Municipalities, April 1935

Trenton's Park System, by Commissioner Herbert
W. Bradley

The Epworth Highroad, May 1935

From Folk Song to Fellowship, by Lucile Lippit
The Play Leader Column, conducted by E. O. Harbin

The Municipality (League of Wisconsin Municipalities),
March 1935
Recreation As Crime Insurance, by G. M. Phelan

Leisure, April 1935

The Puzzle Party, by Natalia Belting

Ship Models from a Wharfside Workshop, by Ellen

Hill
Matheniagical Pastimes, by Royal V. Heath

Junior-Senior High School Clearing House, April 1935
The Youth Program in Germany, by Christopher

Wuest, Jr.
The First Junior High to Construct a Golf Course,

by C. A. Bowes
Community Forums on Liternational Relations, by

Arthur Charles Watkins

PAMPHLETS

Annual Report of the Board of Park Commissioners, City
of Providence, R. I., 1934

Report of the Board of Park Commissioners and Superin-
tendent of Parks for the Year 1934, Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma

Annual Report of the Superintendent of Playgrounds of
the City of Ottawa, Canada, 1934

The Use of the Radio in Leisure Time, by Lyman Bryson
Radio Institute of the Audible Art, New York City

Seventy-Fourth Annual Report of the Board of Park
Commissioners of the City of Hartford, Conn., 1933-34

Recreational Opportunities Available to Washington

National Park Service, U. S. Department of the In-
terior, Washington, D. C.

28 th Annual Report of the Board of Recreation Commis-
sioners of the City of East Orange, N. J., 1934

Tenth Annual Report of the Playground and Recreation
Commission, Alton, III. March 1, 1934 — March 'I,
1935

Eighth Annual Report of the Monroe County, N. Y.,
Park Commission

AMONG OUR FOLKS

135

Among Our Folks

RAYMOND E. HoYT, formerly Superintendent of
Recreation in Los Angeles, California, and
more recently the Director of Transient Training
and Recreation in the California Emergency Re-
lief Administration, has been made State Director
of Emergency Relief Recreation in California.

James Springer has been employed as Recrea-
tion Director in Decatur, Illinois, where a recently
organized Recreation Association has started
work.

Gene Whit ford, formerly Assistant Superin-
tendent of Recreation at Plainfield, New Jersey,
has been appointed Assistant Superintendent of
Recreation for the Union County, New Jersey,
Park Department.

Homer Fish has resigned as Superintendent of
Recreation and Parks in Steubenville, Ohio, to
become associated with Oglebay Park and the
Wheeling, West Virginia, City Plan Commission.
Ralph B. McClintock, Director of Recreation,
Sunnyside Park, Long Island City, New York,
has been appointed as Mr. Fish's successor in
Steubenville.

W. C. Ray has become Superintendent of Rec-
reation at San Angelo, Texas, to take the place of
George Roesler.

Under a grant from the Oberlaender Trust,
Thomas W. Lantz, Superintendent of Reifreation
in Reading, Pennsylvania, will spend three months
in Europe, on leave of absence, studying the rec-
reational and cultural opportunities of young peo-
ple in Germany and Austria, particularly the
group from sixteen to twenty-four years of age.
Mr. Lantz sailed for Germany on April 26th.

PUBLISHER'S STATEMENT OF CIRCULATION

This is to certify that the average circulation
per issue of RkcrEation for the six months'
period July 1st to and including December 31st,
1934, was as follows:

Copies sold 3,238

Copies distributed free 399

Total 3,637

(Signed) Nation at. Rkcreation Association,
By H. S. BRAUCHER,

Secretary,

Subscribed to and sworn before me on this
i8th day of April, 1935.

Miriam Dochtermann,
Notary Public, Nassau County
Nassau County Clerk's No. 2065

Certificate Filed in New York County Clerk's No. 664
Register's No. 6 D 410
Commission expires March 30, 1936.

Ever Wear Offers the Safest
Merry- Wave -St ride

Fully covered by patents which in-
clude the many exclusive safety fea-
tures, this Merry-Wave-Stride insures
complete safety to the children in your
parks and recreation grounds. Ever-
Wear Merry-Wave-Stride gives more
action and exercise than any piece of
equipment ever made.

Before you make the selection of any
new equipment, you owe it to your
children to install the safest equip-
ment . . . your choice can he no other
than EverWear's Patented Stride. Ask
us for complete details.

Use Spring Rubber Safety
Seats For Your Swings

An ingenious ar-
rangement of rub-
ber and steel, pat-
ented by EverWear.
which eliminates
all the hazards of
former type swing
scats. This EverWear scat is soft, springy,
resilient, has remarkable safety features,
strength and durability. Priced low enough
to meet your budgets. Write us for details.

Our complete new catalog is

available without obligation.

Ask for it.

The EverWear Mfg. Co.

Springfield, Ohio, U. S. A.

The World's oldest and largest exclusive maker
of playground, beach and pool apparatus; a
complete line of the SAFEST and most DURA-
BLE recreation apparatus made.

New Publications in the Leisure Time Field

A Handbook of Fist Puppets

By Bessie Alexander Ficklen. Frederick A. Stokes Com-
pany, New York. $2.00.
T"HE simplest of all puppets — the Punch and Judy type
' — ^has long been loved by children, and they are the
easiest to make and manipulate. This handbook is a
comprehensive introduction for children and beginners
in the art of fist puppet making and acting. It gives full
directions with many pictures and diagrams for making
the puppets, costumes and stage settings. It contains a
number of short acts and three complete plays including
the famous "Punch and Judy." There is also a chapter
on Money-Making with Fist Puppets and another on
Children and Fist Puppets as a means of developing con-
fidence, self-expression and the play spirit.

Softball Rules 1935

Spalding's Athletic Library. No. 12-R. $.25.
Q OFTBALL RULES, the latest addition to Spalding's
"^ Athletic Library, were formulated by a committee
known originally as the Playground Baseball Committee
of the National Recreation Association. This committee
was appointed by Joseph Lee, President of the Associa-
tion, in 1927. In 1933 it was enlarged to include represen-
tatives of the Y. M. C. A., the National Collegiate
Athletic Association and the American Physical Educa-
tion Association. The name of the committee was then
changed to Joint Rules Committee on Softball. In
October 1934 it was decided to invite other national
organizations to become members, and a number have
accepted this invitation. One of the most important for-
ward steps taken last year was the decision by various
groups interested in softball to secure the publication of
one set of rules. The booklet contains not only the official
rules but a number of articles on the subject of softball.

l-landbook for Camp Counselors

Edited by Rosalind Cassidy and Homer Bemiss. Obtain-
able from Mr. Bemiss, P. O. Box 796, Oakland, Cali-
fornia, $1.00.
"T"His recent contribution to camping has been made by
' the Pacific Camp Directors Association, and thirty
people have shared in its preparation, pooling their ex-
periences for the benefit of all interested in camping.
Such practical subjects are discussed as : The Child of
Camp Age; Camp Health and Safety; The Camp Pro-
gram — How It Is Built ; Camp Program Activities ;
Camp and Camper Morale ; The Camp Director and
Administration; The Qualifications of Camp Counselors;
Successful Methods in Camp Leadership, and Crafts-
man's Guide.

Outline of Town and City Planning

By Thomas Adams. Russell Sage Foundation, New York.

$3.00.
«'|N THIS BOOK," says Franklin D. Roosevelt in his fore-
word, "Mr. Thomas Adams defines the scope and
purpose of city planning and of the preliminary surveys
which must precede the making of intelligent plans. He
has assembled information regarding the application and
growth of city planning both as a science and as an art.
He gives an outline of city planning efforts in different
periods, discusses the influences that have affected urban
growth in these periods, and finally describes the evolu-
tion of the city and regional planning movement in the
United States." Not the least interesting section of Mr.
Adams' book is that devoted to early efforts in town and
city planning in which he progresses from ancient city
planning through the Middle Ages in Europe and city
planning during and after the Renaissance period, to earlj'
planning in America. It is a far journey from Babylon
in 450 B. C. to the modern cities of today with their
airplane landing fields, but Mr. Adams spans the distance
with great skill and gives us not only a rich historical
background, but an appreciation of today's problems and
a wealth of information on what is being done to apply
science and art to city planning. There are 126 illustra-
tions covering plans of cities, old and new, and examples
of civic architecture.

Clubs in Action

Greater Boston Federation of Neighborhood Houses,

Boston, Massachusetts. $.80.
In the winter of 1928-29 the Federation of Neighborhood

Houses of Boston called a meeting of staff workers
to discuss training for group work. As a result of the
conference the workers decided to write a narrative re-
port of one of their groups. To provide a background
for discussion the study group evolved an outline to be
used by those making the record. The outline covered
such points as organization, program evolution, set-up
of the group, group motives and goals, leadership, group
moods, effect of group.^ on individual, attitudes and
changes in attitudes. As a result of this study has come
the pamphlet, "Clubs in Action" which relates specifically
to the small group clubs. The pamphlet will be of interest
to group leaders in all forms of activities.

Dance Steps 1935

Bv Agnes and Lucile Marsh. J. Fischer and Brother,

New York. $1.00.
Tach year a supplement to the Text Book of Social
^ Dancing is published giving directions for the newest
steps. The 1935 supplement has appeared containing
directions for nine new dances.

136

Jane Addams

ANE Addams belonged not to any one generation, any one city, any single country, though
few citizens identified themselves more with their country, their city, their ward, their
neighborhood, with the times in which they lived. She possessed the quality that is eternal
that belongs to mankind everywhere.

As one sat with her one felt that she saw all the weakness and the frailty of human
nature. She possessed the quality of understanding. Yet she had abiding faith in humanity
through the ages. Mankind is going somewhere. It is worth while to try. Temporary defeats
there will always be, setbacks, detours. Though there be much fog there is a way to Olympus
and very much of the time this way can be seen.

It was not accidental that a woman such as Jane Addams should share in building up
the recreation movement — the movement for more abundant life. This movement itself came in
part out of the settlement movement, had part of its roots there. Jane Addams herself was
ever concerned over poverty of life.

With simplicity, directness, clearness, vision, Jane Addams saw the life needs of men,
women and children and helped make these needs clear to others. She saw the contributions
which even neglected individuals and groups could make to the common neighborhood and
community life. Housing, health, labor relations were important to her, but she was not one of
those who got lost in the things that are more outside of man himself. She knew well that
bread, clothing and houses and health are not enough, that man cannot live by these alone; that
music and romance and adventure and beauty are also a part of what men live by.

Though Jane Addams in the early days of the national play and recreation movement
actively identified herself with the Association, giving of her time and strength to its problems,
serving as a member of the Board of Directors of the Association, one always felt that she saw
clearly that the world was not going to be saved by institutions or by organization, important
as both are, but rather that progress would depend upon the spirit, the atmosphere, the climate
maintained, and that all institutions and constitutions were but means to this end. Above all a
certain spirit was to be maintained if mankind were to keep the forward march.

Jane Addams' great contribution to the recreation movement for more abundant living
was not in the books she wrote, great as was the contribution of "The Spirit of Youth and the
City Streets"; not in what she did, much as that helped. Rather it was in the spirit that she
carried, in what she herself was.

She is one of a small group that established high traditions. Her patience, her long-
time faith, her giving no thought to herself, the revelation in her own life of the possibilities
of height and depth in living, helped to establish in the national recreation movement tradi-
tions of a non-mechanical, non-institutional, non-self-seeking service.

Howard Braucher.

JUNE 1935

137

138

Character Training for Youth

By John Dewey, Ph.D., LL.D.

THERE is a good deal of alarm just now at what
seems to be a deterioration of character
among the young. There is a growing in-
crease of juvenile criminality. Revelations of
breach of trust and shady practices among men
the community had looked up to as leaders have
led to questioning of the value of the education
they received when they were young. The prev-
alence of racketeering has added to the force of
the question. In consequence, many persons are
blaming the school for inattention to the im-
portance of moral education. There are many who
demand that systematic moral and religious in-
struction be introduced into the schools.

How far are the charges against the schools
justified?

What is the place of the schools in the moral
education of the young?

Anyone interested in these questions should be
clear about at least two things. In the first place,
the roots of character go deep and its branches
extend far. Character means all the desires, pur-
poses, and habits that influence conduct. The mind
of an individual, his ideas and beliefs, are a part
of character, for thought enters into the forma-
tion of desires and aims. Mind includes imagina-
tion, for there is nothing more important than the
nature of the situations that fill imagination when
a person is idle or at work. If we could look into
a person's mind and see which mental pictures are
habitually entertained we should have an unsur-
passed key to his character. Habits are the fibre
of character, but there are habits of desire and
imagination as well as of outer action.

The second point follows from the first. Just
because character is such an inclusive thing, the
influences that shape it are equally extensive. If
we bear this fact in mind when we ask what the
schools are doing and can do in forming charac-
ter, we shall not expect too much from them. We
shall realize that at best the schools can be but one
agency among the very many that are active in
forming character. Compared with other influ-

Has modern education broken down?
Is the school altogether to blame
for increased juvenile delinquen-
cy? What changes in school organ-
ization might remedy the situation?
Where does the community come in?

ences that shape desire and purpose, the influence
of the school is neither constant nor intense. Moral
education of our children is in fact going on all
the time, every waking hour of the day and three
hundred and sixty-five days a year. Every influ-
ence that modifies the disposition and habits, the
desires and thoughts of a child is a part of the
development of his character.

In contrast with their power, the school has the
children under its influence five hours a day, for
not more than two hundred days a year (on the
average much less), and its main business is teach-
ing subject-matter and promoting the acquisition
of certain skills, reading, writing, figuring, that
from the childrens' standpoint have little to do
with their main interests. The information given
is largely from books, is remote from daily life,
and is mainly committed to memory for reproduc-
tion in recitations rather than for direct manifes-
tation in action outside the school. Industry,
promptness, and neatness are indeed insisted upon,
but even the good habits formed in these matters
are so specialized that their transfer over into out-
of-school matters is largely a matter of accident.
Because the material is remote, the effect on
character is also remote.

In short, formation of character is going on all
the time : it cannot be confined to special occasions.
Every experience a child has, especially if his
emotions are enlisted, leaves an impress upon
character. The friends and associates of the
growing boy and girl, what goes on upon the play-
ground and in the street, the newspapers, maga-
zines, and books they read, the parties and movies
they attend, the presence or absence of regular re-
sponsibilities in the home, the attitude of parents

139

140

CHARACTER TRAINING FOR YOUTH

to each other, the general atmosphere of the
household — all of these things are operating pretty
constantly. And their effect is all the greater be-
cause they work unconsciously when the young
are not thinking of morals at all. Even the best
conscious instruction is effective in the degree in
which it harmonizes with the cumulative result of
all these unconscious forces.

Character, in short, is something that is formed
rather than something that can be taught as geo-
graphy and arithmetic are taught. Special things
about character can be taught, and such teaching
is important. It is usually given, both at home
and in school, when something is done that is ir-
regular and is disapproved. The child is disobedi-
ent, quarrelsome, has shirked doing some assigned
task, has told a lie, etc. Then his attention is called
to some specific moral matter. Even so, a great
deal depends upon the way this moral instruction
is managed. Reproof may be given in such a way
that dislike of all authority is inculcated. Or' a
child develops skill in evasion and in covering up
things that he knows are disapproved of.

Negativism, fear, undue self-consciousness often
result. Consequently the net effect of even direct
moral instruction cannot be foretold, and its ef-
ficacy depends upon its fitting into the mass of
conditions which play unconsciously upon the
young.

A few of the indirect forces may be noted by
way of illustration. Recent investigations, con-
ducted with scientific care, have shown that many
boys and girls have been stimulated in unwhole-
some ways by the movies. Parents in good homes
are likely to underestimate the influences of the
movies upon children coming from other kinds of
homes. The influence of movies upon children is
fixed by the general tone and level of the child's
surroundings.

A boy or girl from a cramped environment that
provides few outlets reacts very differently from
one in which the movie is not the main vent for
romance, and for acquaintance with conditions
very different from those that habitually surround
him. The luxury of scenes de-
picted on the screen, the dis-
play of adventure and easy sex
relations, inoculate a boy or
girl living in narrow surround-
ings with all sorts of new ideas
and desires. Their ambitions
are directed into channels that
contrast vividly with actual

We hear and read much these days
about character training and the re-
sponsibility of the school toward the
moral education of boys and girls.
Through the courtesy of The Ro-
tatian, in which the article originally
appeared, we are presenting the point
of view of one of America's out-
standing educators and philosophers.

conditions of life. The things that a boy or girl
from a well-to-do and cultivated home would dis-
count or take simply as part of a show are for
other children ideals to be realized — and with-
out especial regard for the means of their attain-
ment. The little moral at the close has no power
compared with the force of desires that are
excited.

A child who is one of a family of from four to
six or seven children living in two rooms in a
congested tenement district lives also on a con-
gested street. The father is away most of the day
and comes home tired from monotonous work.
The mother, needless to say, has no servant. The
children are under foot save when at school. They
are "naughty" and scolded in the degree in which
they get in her way or make added work. The
street is their natural outlet and the mother gets
relief in the degree they are out of the two rooms
of the home. The effect of such conditions in cre-
ating a type of life in which the discipline and ex-
ample of the gang count much more than that of
family instruction cannot be exaggerated.

The homes of many of the well-to-do suffer
from opposite conditions. There is excess of
luxury and deficit of responsibility, since the rou-
tine of the household is cared for by servants.

To "pass the buck" and to find "alibis" is
natural to all of us. When the public is faced by
the sum total of the bad results of the conditions
— of which only one or two have been selected as
illustrations — a cry goes up that the schools are
not doing their duty. I am not trying to set forth
an alibi in turn for the schools, and I do not mean
to assert that they have done and are doing all
that can be done in shaping character. But take a
look in imagination at the schoolroom. There are
forty children there, perhaps fifty since the de-
pression. The children are there five or five and a
half hours a day. TKe teacher takes care of the
"order" of the room, hears lessons in six or seven
subjects, corrects papers, and has more or less
semi-janitorial work to do. In the average school-
room even today most of the time of the children
is spent, when not reciting, in
conning their textbooks, doing
"sums" and other written work.
They are active beings and yet
have little outlet for their
active impulses. How many
parents would undertake to do
much training of character,
save of a negative and repres-

CHARACTER TRAINING FOR YOUTH

141

sive sort, under such con-
ditions?

The answer that is
often given is to add one
more study. Give direct
instruction in morals, or
in religion combined with
morals. Xow I cannot go
into the merits and de-
merits of direct instruc-
tion of this sort. But it
is a matter of common
experience in other sub-
jects that formal instruc-
tion often leaves no great
impress. It is one thing
to learn words and sen-
tences by heart and an-
other thing to take them
to heart so that they in-
fluence action. At the
best, this method has no
great force in compari-
son with the indirect ef-
fect of conditions that
are operating all the time

in school and out. It is an old and true saying
that example is more powerful than precept, and
example is but one of the forces that act con-
stantly on the young.

Those, who are inclined to think that more of
direct moral instruction would be almost a pana-
cea for present evils usually look back to earlier
times when such instruction was customary in
home and school. They forget that it was effec-
tive because it was part of the general conditions
and atmosphere. It was reinforced by many other
things that are now lacking. It is a fallacy to sup-
pose that the social trend and context can be radi-
cally changed and special methods be as effective
as they were under other conditions.

It would be absurd to omit the effect upon the
plastic and forming character of the young of the
economic conditions that prevailed about them.
Till recently, youth has grown up in a social at-
mosphere in which emphasis upon material suc-
cess was enormous, both consciously and uncons- •
ciously. The fact that multitudes of persons were
engaged in steady and honest industry was not
sensational. Save where the young were faced
with that fact in their own home and neighbor-
hood, it did not have the effect that conspicuous

And as for parents. "I would put parental
education second among the factors demanded
in the improvement of character education."

cases of great financial careers exerted. And
many children were faced by the fact that in
their own homes, • industry and honesty brought
no great material reward. They came to feel that
possession of money was the key to the things
they most desired.

There is na great amount of tangible evidence
that can be cited on this point. But the very fact
that so many persons have come to think that the
great thing is to "get by," and that if a person at-
tains material success no great attention will be
paid by society to the means by which he "got
away" with it, should be evidence enough. If
material success is glorified by current public
opinion, the effect of that glorification upon the
young cannot be offset by occasional moralizing
from pulpit, press, teacher and parent.

In pointing out that the concrete state of social
relations and activities is the most powerful factor
in shaping character, I do not wish it inferred that
I think schools have no responsibility and no op-
portunity. The conclusion to be drawn is that the
schools are only one among many factors, and

142

CHARACTER TRAINING FOR YOUTH

that their shaping influence will be most helpful
when it falls in line with social forces operating
outside the schools.

I think the depression has had one healthy ef-
fect. It has led to a more general questioning of
the primacy of material values. Events have dis-
closed the demoralizing effect of making success
in business the chief aim of life. But I think that
still greater economic reconstruction must take
place before material attainment and the acquisi-
tive motive will be reduced to their place. It is
difficult to produce a cooperative type of character
in an economic system that lays chief stress upon
competition, and wherein the most successful com-
petitor is the one who is the most richly rewarded
and who becomes almost the social hero and
model. So I should put general economic change
as the first and most important factor in produc-
ing a better kind of education for formation of
character.

As long as society does
not guarantee security of
useful work, security for
old age, and security of a
decent home and of oppor-
tunity for education of all
children by other means
than acquisition of money,
that long the very affection
of parents for their chil-
dren, their desire that chil-
dren may have a better op-
portunity than their parents had, will compel par-
ents to put great emphasis upon getting ahead in
material ways, and their example will be a domi-
nant factor in educating children.

As I have already intimated, better education
of parents would be a large element in bringing
about better moral education of children and
youth. Psychology is still in its infancy. But the
increase of knowledge of human nature, and of
how it develops and is modified, has grown
enormously in the last generation. It has grown
especially with respect to how relations between
persons — between parents with respect to each
other and with respect to their offspring — affect
character. The important movement for parental
education has developed out of this increase of
knowledge. But there are still multitudes of par-
ents who have not had the most rudimentary con-
tact with the new knowledge and who are totally
unaware of the influences that are most power-
fully affecting the moral fibre of their children.

"The two dominant impulses of youth
are toward activity and toward some
kind of collective association. Our
failure to provide for these two Im-
pulses, under the changed conditions
of rural as well as city life, is at least
a partial measure of why we are
getting unsatisfactory results in char-
acter development."

I would put parental education second among
the factors demanded in the improvement of
character education.

In recent years there has been great advance in
provision of recreation for the young, and yet
hardly more than a beginning in comparison with
what remains to be done. There are regions in
New York City where "cellar clubs" flourish and
are attended by school boys and girls. There are
large regions in which, in spite of the efforts of
social settlements, public playgrounds, and school
fields, the great mass of growing youth resort to
the streets for an outlet in the day time, and to
dance halls, movies, and the like, in the evening.

The two dominant impulses of youth are toward
activity and toward some kind of collective asso-
ciation. Our failure to provide for these two im-
pulses, under the changed conditions of rural as
well as city life, is at least a partial measure of
why we are getting unsatis-
factory results in character
development.

If I put the school fourth
and last it is not because I
regard it as the least im-
portant of factors in moral
training but because its suc-
cess is so much bound up
with the operation of the
three others. I shall men-
tion only two changes that
would help. Few schools
are organized on a social basis. Moral instruction
through conference and discussion would be much
more effective if it grew out of concrete situations
present in the experience of the young instead of
centering about general discussions of virtues and
vices in the abstract. The more the school is or-
ganized as a community in which pupils share, the
more opportunity there is for this kind of discus-
sion and the more surely it will lead to the prob-
lems of larger social groupings outside the school.
Moreover, such organization would give practice
in the give and take of social life, practice in meth-
ods of cooperation, and would require assumption
of definite responsibilities on the part of the young
people — adapted of course to their age and
maturity.

The other change is provision of greater op-
portunity for positive action, with corresponding
reduction of the amount of passivity and mere
absorption that are still current. The latter style
(Continued on page 175)

Philadelphia's Adventure

Conducting a Day Camp

ONF, OF THE outstanding activities in Phila-
delphia last summer was the day camp
which, in a sense, was the highhght of all
the summer's projects promoted by the Play-
ground and Recreation Association. For it had
never been done before, as had the street and
vacant lot playgrounds, and consequently it opened
up entirely new experiences for most of those
who were transported to the camp. This was done
by means of buses generously loaned by the Board
of Education. While this means of transporta-
tion was intended for children up to fourteen
years of age, an occasional father, aunt, grand-
mother or older sister or brother contrived to go
along "to take care of kids too little to go on their
own."

The Camp Site

The site of the camp was a particularly wild,
almost primeval spot in Pennypack Park, about
fifteen miles from the city, at a point where
Pennypack Creek widens out into an ideal swim-
ming pool. The surrounding woods are in an
absolutely natural state, with trees, rocks and
twisting paths probably just as they were in In-
dian days, only older and more worn and weather
beaten. There were no modern facilities of any
sort, but one of the assistant directors lived in an
old stone house near by and this was used for as-
sembly, dressing rooms and other c6nveniences.

It would be impossible to imagine an atmos-
phere as far removed from that of the congested
district from which the members came, and after
the .season was over it was sought again and again
by many who had first come under its soothing
spell at the day camp.

The period of time for the camp was six weeks,
and the personnel consisted of a director and two

Each summer an Increasing number
of cities conduct day camps and
find them satisfying experiences

By Elizabeth Hines Hanley

Playground and Recreation Association
Philadelphia, Pa.

assistants. The campers were drawn from twen-
ty-seven locations — the streets, vacant lots and
playgrounds used as clearing centers, and selec-
tions were made by the directors of these centers.
Each group was given two trips, and great care
had to be taken that there were no repeaters.

Some Experiences

In the many incidents and stories of experi-
ences with the campers, the director reveals the
eagerness with which every one looked forward
to the day at camp, and their disappointment
when they could not be taken there because of an
overload, or of the fact that they had already had
their "two turns." Some of the mothers were so
keen about going that they became overwrought
in feeling and language when they had to be
denied.

"Repeats" slipped in now and then in spite of
every precaution, and some even wanted a third
or fourth trip! The rnothers were always in this
class, and were eager to have others enjoy the ex-
perience. "One mother," said our director, "had
been on the first trip and was talking with a
waiting mother on the sidewalk. 'My, but you
will enjoy it,' she said. 'We surely had a restful
time, and I wish I could go again.' (Then, softly,
a's with a secret wonder) 'You know, they take
the children away and you are all by yourself
most of the time !' "

This release was possible because the leaders
organized games, hikes, story hours and stunts,
not to mention the swims in the creek. Even when
it rained the program was carried on. The as-
sistant director who lived near by very hospitably
took the group into his house, and the active

143

144

PHILADELPHIA'S ADVENTURE IN CONDUCTING A DAY CAMP

fedmes were changed to quiet ones, with singing,
stories and dancing making the time pass as pleas-
antly as out of doors.

"Once," the director relates, "Mr. Kuhlen, hos-
pitable as ever, produced a victrola and records,
and, though they weren't the very latest hits, the
children enjoyed them. Then we remembered the
checkers and jacks. They proved to be very enter-
taining, the children playing with them out on the
porch. Mr. Kuhlen turned over the dining room
for handwork, and we were permitted to use a
famous antique dining table. We cut out paper
circus animals, clowns, etc., and colored them.
The older girls traced and colored leaves of trees
we had seen on the nature walk for a poster. One
of the mothers helped us. Mr. Nissman organized
games for the rest of the children in the assembly
room. Mr. Kuhlen took some of the mothers and
played cards with them. The rest of the mothers
sat on the porch and talked, knitted, or played
with their children. At swimming time, Mr.
Nissman took the swimmers to the creek. Even
a mother went, and when they returned they re-
ported the water was fine! And all the time it
rained and rained! But nobody minded it. One
mother said: 'Well, it would be raining if we
were at home, anyway, and we will make the best
of it. It's nice to be out here for a change.' "

From the director's note book we quote an in-
cident she labels as "spontaneous."

"One day we had an almost exclusively Italian
group. From the time they arrived until they went
home it was a 'free day.' They just thrilled to
everything, ran all over the place, and were
especially interested in the fishing, as Wednesday
is fishing day at Pennypack Park. Well, fishing
proved our undoing! I could not keep them away
from the creek. After lunch I tried to have a
nature walk as usual. Finally I succeeded in get-
ting them together around the beeches for the
talk, but most of the boys were not listening or
paying the slightest attention. One of the younger
girls, about ten, noticing my predicament and
really interested herself, naively remarked :
'Teacher, if I were you, I wouldn't try to talk
about the trees. I would just walk, as long as the
boys won't behave.' I tried to get
over to them the idea of not cut-
ting the bark, and let it go at
that, and we proceeded to walk.
The first thing I knew, a few of
the boys were missing, hiding be-
hind trees in the rear. One of

In this article Mrs. Hanley has
emphasized not so much the
technique and procedure of day
camp organization and adminis-
tration, as the contribution it
makes in terms of human values.

them was an older boy by the name of Dominic,
and his mother scolded him roundly in her native
tongue until reluctantly he came out from behind
the shrubs along the creek, and then I went back
and spoke to him. I asked him why he didn't want
to come along with the rest of the groups, and he
said : 'Teacher, I want to fish.' I said to him, 'Son,
don't you realize that if I let you stop and fish
many of the other boys will want to do it, too?
You see, you are older, and they will want to fol-
low your example. Now, won't you come along
and be a good sport?' With a little more per-
suasion, he came.

"As we walked along, some were more or less
interested, so we gave a little nature instruction
en route. Suddenly, an open space along the bank
of the creek came into view, and about half of the
group, both boys and girls, rushed down to the
edge of the creek. Two boys were fishing on the
other side of the creek. 'So much for the hike !'
sighed I. Then suddenly, there flashed through
my mind something I had learned not so long ago
about trying to follow the interest of the group
rather than insisting on your own cut and dried
plan. Why not watch the fishing, then? So, we
all stopped walking. I joined the group at the
water's edge. What a time we had ! There were
so many small rocks and it was so difificult to keep
a footing, and the water around them at least a
foot deep! After a while they tired of watching
the fishing, and attention centered on the tadpoles
and fishes swimming by. Suddenly, a shriek,
right behind me — a little brother had fallen into
the creek ! No harm done, but quite wet. Teacher,
in her excitement, turned around too fast, and
her foot slipped into the creek, too, filling her
shoe with water. She laughed, so, little brother
stopped crying. We had just settled down again
when from a little further up the creek, where
some of the group had ventured to explore, came
shrieks, and cries of 'Teacher, some kind of bugs
are coming out of the water and stinging us!' A
hasty exodus from the banks of the creek to the
teacher, and the showing of many stings amid
tears among the girls. From Dominic: 'Say,
Teacher, have you any medicine for stings?' I
answered in the affirmative, and
immediately all the stung ones
were my pals.

"It was quite easy to get back
to the house now. On the way
the boys discovered a snake, of
the water variety, I believe, coiled

PHILADELPHIA'S ADVENTURE IN CONDUCTING A DAY CAMP

145

up right close to the path so all could see it.
Apparently, it had been injured by the hoof of a
horse while crossing the path as it appeared to
have sort of a bruise on its side. It seemed to be
dead. Dominic's mother stood bewildered, and
turned to me and said: 'Why are you not afraid
of the snake? Is it dead?' That was too much
for the snake. It cautiously moved its head, stuck
out its tongue, very slowly uncoiled, and crawled
away, to the fascination of the group. I had to
explain to the children that snakes are the friends
of man, eating field mice, and I thought this was
the kind that ate mosquito larvae from the creek.
The crowd moved on to the house as their minds
"went back to the stings. I was still wondering
what sort of bug in the creek would suddenly fly
out and sting them, but I was soon enlightened.
One of the stung little girls confidentially in-
formed me that one of the boys had poked a stick
into a hornets nest! Now it was all so clear and
simple. Suddenly I noticed two of the older boys
engaged in conversation, and showing evidences
of going back after the snake. They were de-
termined to kill it. The idea of letting the snake
live, even after what I had said in the snake's
favor, was just too ridiculous for words. They
glanced back at me to see if I were watching, and
when they found I was, they reluctantly gave up
the idea, and the snake is still alive — at least, as
far as that group is concerned.

"When we arrived at the house, the stung ones
were given 'first aid,' and the stings were allevi-
ated. The group, or many of
of them, prepared to go
swimming. Some of the non-
swimmers started
to fish minnows out
of the creek and
prepared to take
them home in tin
cans, but I explain-
ed that this was not
allowed, and asked
them to put the fish
back into the creek,
telling them they
had been put there
by the Isaack Wal-
ton Club that they
might grow up to
be big enough for
fishermen to catch.

Finally we were Courtesy Ft. Worth, Texas, Park Department

One of the delights experienced by the
day camper is the nature walk with all
of the unfamiliar beauty it discloses.

eating our last lunch before going home, when
Dominic turned to me with a smile and said:
'Teacher, we had a swell time today, didn't we?'
I was amazed, as I had certainly gotten after him
many times during the day. He was a nice boy,
and I was glad that I had not insisted on our
usual routine. They had learned a good deal about
nature in their own way, and they had certainly
had a swell time !"

The nature walks were enjoyed by all kinds and
ages. The director says :

"On one trip several mothers with babies in
arms walked the entire distance and loved it, their
little three- and four-year olds toddling along and
not getting a bit tired. One of the older mothers
said : 'No, indeed, I am not tired. We don't get a
chance to take a walk in the country very often,
so, we are going to take advantage of it.' And
maybe that little English mother, sixty-one years
old, didn't hike, too, the entire distance of two
miles! Many of the children had never been on
hikes before. It was all so new, as part of the
walk was through a farm, and they saw chickens,
cows, horses, farmers and farm implements;
wagons, crops, barns and horse troughs, corn cribs
and beautiful flowers, and they really loved it.
One little girl said : 'You know, I never did any-
thing so interesting as this nature walk. The more
you walk along, the more interesting it becomes.'

"Three older boys were so interested in the
nature walks that they went on for the two-mile
distance while the rest went in swimming, and
this cut down their swim-
ming time about thirty min-
utes — they liked swimming,
too. An Italian

mother said: 'This
is a beautiful place,
such trees, and it is
quiet. It reminds
me of my country.'
An Irish mother
said wistfully to
me: 'This is surely
a beautiful place
and makes me think
of home.' 'Where is
your home?' I ask-
ed. 'Ireland,' she
said, 'and it's very
beautiful there. I
have been thinking
today of all the

146

PHILADELPHIA'S ADVENTURE IN CONDUCTING A DAY CAMP

things I used to do when 1 was a girl. We had a
creek Hke this, and I used to take off my shoes
and stockings and go wading.' There is a hill on
the hike, and one little chap remarked: 'Say,
Teacher, you have to go up this hill in second,
don't you ?'

"We had so many delightful experiences it is
hard to single out any one as the best, but those
we had on the walks brought probably the most
instruction. We broke up the two-mile distance
into about half-mile stretches. At the end of the
first, we took a look at the tadpoles ; at the end
of the second, we paused at the farm house to
get a drink of real spring water; at the end of
the third, we stopped in front of the 'oldest
Baptist Church in this part of the country, found-
ed in 1688.' The church yard was enclosed by a
nice stone wall, in front of which was a long
grassy bank shaded with maples. We rested either
on the wall or on the bank, and held impromptu
shows. We discovered much talent among the
children in the way of singing and dancing. Some-
times a mother was gifted and sang for us. We
enjoyed it all very much. The mothers particu-
larly like the hikes. On one trip several mothers
were carrying their babies, and I offered to do
my daily kindness by carrying a sleeping baby for
a half-mile. Believe me, I was never so glad of
anything in my life than to give the baby back to
its mother when we had returned to the grove.
She was very kind and said it was because I
wasn't used to it ! Perhaps that was the reason,
but my arms certainly were tired !"

A fine by-product of the day camp project was
the training of older boys and girls to act as lead-
ers for the others in games, swimming, and keep-
ing them together on the hikes. They developed
into most efficient assistants, and were always
glad to "go along and help with the kids."

In the groups taken to the camps there were
representatives from Italy, Ireland, England, Pol-
and, Syria, Greece, Scotland, Germany, France
and Bohemia. Many were foreign-born ; others
were children of these parents. There were two
buses from the Jewish section of the city. The
greatest number were Irish, or of Irish descent,
then Italian, Jewish and Polish. The adults ranged
in age from twenty to seventy, and in type from
the ultra-modern mother to the dear old Mauve
Decade grandmother; even our "hardest cases,"
really enjoyed themselves.

An instance is given of "what a real father is
like," according to the director. She says :

"This father worked at night. His wife had
been ill in bed with rheumatism for three months,
and there were five children, the youngest two
years old. At first, the plan had been for the oldest
son, about twelve, to take care of the others at the
camp. Well, father arrived from work while we
were gathering the clans to go. He just couldn't
let those kiddies go without him, so, without any
sleep, he came along. At the park he insisted on
helping us in every way possible ; took excellent
care of the five youngsters, and when we got back
home, he said what a lovely time he had had, and
hoped that none of the group had caused us
trouble that day. He was just splendid, and we
all appreciated his spirit and helpfulness."

When the time for ending the season came,
there were many expressions of regret, but also
of appreciation of the pleasures of the camp. The
director has recorded some of these in brief sen-
tences : "Frequently the children said as they left
the bus, 'Good.-by, Teacher. See you next year.'
'Don't forget our street next year. We surely
enjoyed ourselves.' A mother said : 'This is the
first time that I ever remember anything like this
being done for the mothers. It's fine, and we
surely appreciated it.' "

A Cooperative Venture

A much-asked question by parents was : "W^ho
does this, anyway?" The answer brought out the
real strength of the project, and the reason for its
unique success. "The Philadelphia Playground
and Recreation Association furnished the equip-
ment, rooms, milk, director and assistant, program
and administration ; the Board of Education pro-
vided the buses and drivers; L.W.D. supplied Mr.
Nissman, and the Park Department gave the use
of the park and the life guard."

That is, indeed, the ultimate in cooperation, and
may well be commended as an unfailing formula
for success with any kind of project, recreational
or not.

If your city should conduct a day camp during
the summer of 1935, will you not send us at the
end of the season an account of the program and
the results secured? The National Recreation
Association is anxious to have as complete as pos-
sible a record of such experiments throughout the
country. The information which is secured will
be made available for the use of all who may be
interested.

On the Summer Playgrounds of 1934

ONE OF THK popular
activities on the
Salt Lake City play-
grounds last summer was
the city-wide contest in
sand modeling, accom-
panied by sand table ex-
hibits.

At the institute for rec-
reation workers held in the
beginning of the summer
the suggestion was made
that a theme be selected
each day for the entire kin-
dergarten program, which
could be carried out in all
activities. If, for example,
the topic for the day was

Holland, in the construction period tulips, wind-
mills and Dutch characters were cut out and col-
ored ; the dancing period which followed was de-
voted to Dutch folk dances, impersonating wind-
mills and the like; during the singing hour, "I
Wish I Had a Windmill" was taught which readily
became the theme song for the day; the story of
the boy who saved the dike was told, and the
children went to the sand box where a Dutch
scene was constructed.

The creation of sand tables, rather than ordi-
nary sand boxes, was brought about by the elabo-
ration of scenes which were desired to be kept
intact. For from daily themes weekly ones de-
veloped in order that more details might be in-
corporated, and wooden trees, houses, fences,
barns and boats replaced the flimsy paper articles.
Clothespins, with paint, paper, paste and the ex-
ercise of a little ingenuity, made
delightful figurines. It was not
long until the interest of the
older children was aroused and
they too wanted to model. The
sand tables were made by nail-
ing a 3 inch board around the
edge of a regular playground
table.

The climax was reached in a

In the preceding article the Play-
ground and Recreation Associa-
tion of Philadelphia has reported
the day camp as Its outstanding
activity. In some cities music,
handcraft, drama and various other
Interests were predominant. We
present here a few of these high
lights In the hope that they may
have suggestions for other cities.

city-wide sand table con-
test. Each playground was
allowed to select its own
theme. One constructed a
model city, with backyard
playgrounds, streets ar-
ranged with the safety of
children considered, a well-
equipped school yard, and
a center park with a golf
course, swimming pool,
tennis courts, baseball
fields, and a children's
playground.

Among the most popu-
lar tales were Rapunzel,
Tin Soldier, The Little
Lambkin, the Pied Piper,
(with dozens of clay rats ^2" long). The Farmer
in the Dell, the Three Bears, Little Red Riding
Hood. Even the inside of grandmother's house
was finished in the greatest detail and the Three
Little Pigs made clever themes. The entire story
could be traced by the figures in the sand.

Scenes depicting various countries were also
constructed — grass houses, very blue water (paper
under glass) with dozens of bathers on its shores,
surf-board riders, dolls in grass skirts pictured
"Hawaii"; castles, kilts, mountains and lakes pre-
sented colorful Scotland. Three judges went from
playground to playground and selected the win-
ners whose award was the honor of winning and
points toward the playground banner.

With the Indians in Louisville !

The fascination which any American Indian
subject holds for most of us
added impetus to the summer
handcraft program in Louis-
ville, Kentucky. The annual
playground play contest was
based on Indian themes, so it
was with little urging that the
children and the grown-ups
started to make the many prop-
erties required. Tepees were

147

148

ON THE SUMMER PLAYGROUNDS OF 1934

fashioned from burlap bags sewn together, brown
wrapping paper and old sheets painted in approv-
ed Indian style and color. Macaroni, painted and
broken into short lengths and then strung, made
necklaces. Melon seeds colored with crepe paper
dye, and bits of colored magazine advertisements
rolled into cylinders also made effective beads,
while polished tin provided material for jewelry
making. War bonnets and other headdresses were
made from crepe paper, feathers and painted tag
board. Twisted strands of black crepe paper and
old stockings became long, realistic braids of hair
for the Indian maidens. Moccasins were created
from old tennis slippers and sneakers painted with
appropriate designs. Tin cans filled with pebbles
served for rattles.

The "boom-boom" of the Indian drums came
from wooden cheese boxes and large lard cans
covered with stretched canvas and decorated with
mystic symbols. A local pottery furnished slightly
chipped jars and bowls at give-away prices, and
four-hour enamel was used to give them a per-
manent decoration. Snowshoes were woven from
willows gathered near the Ohio river which also
furnished shells for other projects. Burlap bags,
expertly cut and decorated, supplied the basis for
most of the costumes, and so well done was the
work that these costumes belied their humble
origin. One playground made a beautiful canoe
of light wooden strips of paper mounted on a
coaster wagon which supplied the necessary power
for the canoe to glide majestically on its way.

Getting away from the Indian theme, a very
popular project was the making of Kentucky
picture maps. These were made on a sheet of
tagboard, 18x24 inches. A large outline of the
state was drawn inside a decorative border and
the state space was filled with small figures repre-
senting geographical and historical places and in-
cidents such as the Kentucky Derby, My Old Ken-
tucky Home, Mammoth Cave, etc. Daniel Boone,
colored mammies, southern colonels, and race
horses were used to fill odd spaces between the
state outline and the border. These were all traced
from multigraphed patterns in pencil, retraced
with black ink, colored with water colors or cray-
ons, and then given two coats of clear shellac. As
a decorative wall panel these interesting maps
were extremely attractive, and the fact that hun-
dreds of them were made attests to their appeal.
Some of the playgrounds made maps of their
play center showing the wading pool, ball dia-

monds, shelter house, trees, shrubbery, and count-
less other points of interest on playground.

The Ever-Popular Handcraft Program
All three of the playgrounds which have been
conducted for a number of years by the Play-
ground and Recreation Association of Philadel-
phia had splendid exhibits of the children's hand-
work such as : posters, doll furniture and houses ;
costumes for fashion shows; villages of several
sorts ; a circus ; lanterns, baskets, and all sorts of
articles made from paper and cardboard. Tot Lot,
however, carried off highest honors in the arts
and crafts, and a special project was conducted
there by the older boys in cooperation with the art
teacher. This was the making and painting of the
set for the closing dramatic presentation, "The
Selfish Giant," and was especially interesting be-
cause it was done on heavy wrapping paper. Most
of the properties for the play were also made at
Tot Lot, and the scene was set up by the boys
who made it. Each playground had an episode,
made their own costumes, directed their special
features, and took charge of the presentation in
the final production.

Handcraft was also popular on the playgrounds
conducted by the Philadelphia Bureau of Recrea-
tion, and the exhibit held in the Mayor's recep-
tion room was a successful demonstration of the
use to which discarded and scrap material may be
put. Old felt hats had been utilized to make gym-
nasium and dancing sandals; cigar boxes painted
and decorated and with a few partitions added
had been turned into attractive stocking boxes; a
first-class locomotive had been made from two tin
cans, skate wheels, two jar tops, a piano hinge
and paint. Old silk stockings had been trans-
formed into scatter rugs, and odds and ends of
wool into beautiful afghans.

Drama

Last summer twenty-three playgrounds con-
ducted by the Springfield, Illinois, Recreation De-
partment, enjoyed a drama program. All groups
entered the drama festival competition, fifteen
plays being given in a single afternoon before a
large audience. The Department conducted five
drama clubs for children at the community center.
The club plays are given before the center audi-
ence and then taken on invitation to various insti-
tutions and club meetings. The children also
broadcast over the local station during the recre-
ation leadership periods.

ON THE SUMMER PLAYGROUNDS OF 1934

149

Shuffleboard in Oklahoma City

Shuffleboard, according to George W. Daniel-
son, Superintendent of Recreation, Oklahoma
City Park Department, proved one of the most
successful games used last summer on the play-
grounds of that city. It was enjoyed by people of
all ages from six year old boys to grandmothers.
No small part of the popularity was due to the
inexpensiveness of the game. Sidewalks and ends
of concrete tennis courts served for the courts.
The court lines, being narrow, required little paint
and the cues and disks were made at very small
cost. The Recreation Department secured the
services of a carpenter and a sign painter from
the F.E.R.A. The carpenter made the cues and
disks from scrap material and the painter deco-
rated them so that they had the appearance of
manufactured equipment.
The painter also lined the
courts.

In response to popular
demand, a city-wide tourna-
ment was held. Entrants
included not only those who
had been playing on the
park courts but a number
of vacationists who brought
their own manufactured
equipment which the chil-
dren carefully looked over
and then duplicated in the
handcraft shop.

A view of one of the camps conducted
by the Oakland Recreation Departnnent

Camping

Thousands of children enjoyed camping in the
summer of 1934, and a number of new camps
were established. Among these were the vacation
camps which the Arizona ERA and the Tucson
Department of Playgrounds and Recreation con-
ducted. Two camps were established, one for
girls at Mount Lemmon, 71 miles from the city.
Here the Boy Scouts' camp site was used and the
girls enjoyed a two weeks stay. The other camp,
for boys, was at Pinery Canyon, 131 miles from
Tucson, where the Y.M.C.A. buildings were used.
All camp expenses were paid from ERA funds ;
the Recreation Department organized the pro-
gram and inspected the camps each week. The
Department was also responsible for the selection
of directors and other workers. An advisory com-
mittee of citizens aided the project.

A number of cities experimented with day
camps, among them Minneapolis where, according
to a statement received from William Kelty, stay-
at-home camping proved very successful.

An organization operating under the local com-
munity fund sponsored the undertaking and, for
a very small sum, the children received the bene-
ficial routine of camp life during the day, re-
turning to their homes each evening. Both girls
and boys of ages ranging from six to fifteen years
were included in the six weeks camping period.
The majority remained for two weeks, although
a longer or shorter period was permissible.

After the children had been segregated into
three groups according to age, activities began.
Each morning the campers met at a designated
place with specially selected counsellors for the
day's program. This includ-
ed athletics and games, for
which a public school play-
ground was utilized, and
swimming and aquatic
sports, specially chartered
buses conveying the chil-
dren to neighboring bathing
beaches. Overnight trips
play a part, but story-tell-
ing, hobby work, and the
publication of a camp paper
were more important ac-
tivities.

One innovation was
greatly enjoyed. The campers were taken in buses
— or sometimes they walked — to some of the
city's many points of interest from an artistic or
historic standpoint or from the point of view of
industrial and commercial progress.

Each noon a luncheon was served, a wholesome
meal being insured through the careful super-
vision of trained dietitians.

Citizenship Week

The greatest and most thrilling week of School
Number 19 Play Area in Rochester, New York,
occurred the week when the election of officers
for the play area's model government was to be
held. The would-be chiefs of police and the
mayors requested volunteers to campaign for
them. The candidates-to-be hired publicity agents
to play up their names before the people and show
the great value that they could have for the model
government.

150

ON THE SUMMER PLAYGROUNDS OF 1934

The publicity agents paint-
ed signs on cardboards and
colored papers of the differ-
ent candidates. The card-
board signs were distributed
around the school and the
paper signs were nailed on
the trees in the neighboring
streets around the play area.
In the days to follow the
children and even the parents
were in a frenzy wondering
who would win the elections.

Positions open for nomination were : Mayor,
the judges (adult and juvenile), police commis-
sioner and district attorney, and also two assist-
ant district attorneys, and park commissioner.

The candidates on the day of the election were
seated in big high chairs on the stage. The hall
was filled with the pretentious audience. As the
candidates were offered for nomination the people
of the audience would hesitate for a few moments
as in doubt for whom he should vote when he
had perhaps with all probability voiced the names
of his candidates for nomination the day before.
After the course of perhaps an hour to an hour
and a half the officials of the model government
were chosen.

The days of Monday, Wednesday and Friday
were agreed upon to be the days for the trying of
all misdemeanors.

The prisoner had the choice of pleading guilty
or not guilty to the charge placed against him. If
he pleaded not guilty, he could ask one of the two
lawyers of the play area to defend him. The
lawyer then could ask for an adjournment of the
case to a later date. If he knew enough of the
prisoner's case, he could defend his claimant the
same day. In case the prisoner pleaded guilty or
was found guilty, sentences were imposed on the
offenders by the judge. A few of the sentences
were — "Sweep out the court room and take care
of the chairs after court" or "Bring in the bags
off the ball diamond every night for a week," or
sentences too trivial to mention. But to the prison-
ers they seemed mammoth !

The benefit derived from this system of gov-
ernment has shown the children the desirability
of cooperating to make the play area a success. It
has been pointed out to the children that it is their
play area and whatever happens on it reflects on
thein.

Under the auspices of the Community
Council on Summer Activities of Roches-
ter, New York, have been created what
are known as Rochester Play Areas.
Citizenship Week was one of the out-
standing activities of the program. The
information presented here was written
by Charles Clark, one of the boys on
Number 19 School Play Area. It was
sent us by Beatrice Parmenter, Super-
visor of the New Era Classes. Play lead-
ers who are developing junior leaders
among older boys and girls will find this
of interest.

Several other activities were
taught and demonstrated at
classes during the week. One
of the instructors taught first
aid showing how to bandage
some part of the body and
telling the class in the most
interesting manner why a
tourniquet should be applied
above a cut, how to put on a
bandage, the kind of band-
age, and the medicine to be

used on the wound.
Leadership training was one of the most im-
portant classes stressed. At classes held once a
week the importance of leadership of older boys
was pointed out. When the instructor felt that a
person in his class was capable of taking care of
some sport or entertainment he placed him in full
charge.

Junior Leadership

The question of the use of older boys and girls
on the playgrounds as junior leaders is one which
is constantly coming to the front. Writing on this
subject Beatrice Keating of the Houston, Texas,
Recreation Department pointed out that junior
playground organizations need not be definite
groups organized for a special purpose with par-
ticular objectives and responsibilities. It may, she
points out, be a natural group developed pri-
marily for the convenience of massed action or
cooperation and with ideals instead of rules. It
may be formed not solely with the idea of benefit-
ing the program but for the purpose of reaping
the full benefit of the program. With such an
organization aggressive boys and girls need not be
made leaders but must be made to realize that they
are leaders and brought to feel the responsibility
they have as such.

This is the organization in force in the Root
Square leaders' club of Houston whose members
are all girls from twelve to eighteen years of age
who want to belong and whose aims are to have
the best possible time and to give a maximum
amount of help to the playground. There is no
badge and the girls do not consider it their ambi-
tion in life to lead games and do police duty. They
are very conscious that they are leaders and that
the playground is judged by their conduct, spirit
and achievements. They know that they enjoy
many activities which would be impossible if
(Continued on page 176)

Playground Planning and Layout

Mr. Clegg gives us in these obser-
vations a leaf from his experience
as Playround Engineer in the City
of Milwaukee, where he has planned
many playgrounds and field houses.

By
Gilbert Clegg

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

I LIVE IN a rented house and dream of a home
of my own. For years my wife and I have
collected house plans and have a box full of
them clipped from innumerable sources, but we
have never found exactly the right one. Every
plan in our collection must be changed just a lit-
tle to meet our special requirements or to satisfy
our taste.

A parallel situation exists in playground de-
sign. There is no ideal plan. No two conditions
are identical. The size of the site; the existing
trees or structures upon it ; the available money
for improvements; the type and extent of super-
vision or play leadership; the racial heritage and
the economic status of the people who will use it
— all vary.

Under such variable conditions, it is not sur-
prising that the standard of facilities offered and
the physical arrangement of playgrounds differ
widely. And that is as it should be. When the
playground plan is standardized and no longer
expresses the individuality of the site, the neigh-
borhood, or the city, in some measure it falls
short of its greatest possibilities. Blind copying
of one successful plan or the unstudied acceptance
of what has been done in the past is not planning
any more than clipping house plans from a news-
paper in good architecture. Every playground
should be individually planned and, if possible,
the plan should be prepared by one who is more
than a good play leader, who knows the play
leader's aims and problems but who is also keenly
conscious of the community's interest in the cost
and appearance of the playground.

Such a playground designer approaches his
problem from many angles. He aims (i) to get
the maximum use from the land available; (2) to
produce an attractive playground viewed from

within or without; (3) to simplify the problems
of supervision and play leadership ; (4) to pre-
vent accidents by careful segregation of activi-
ties; (5) to keep operating costs low, and (6) to
keep original construction costs low.

There is nothing mysterious or bafflingly intri-
cate about playground planning, but it does con-
sist of more than fencing a piece of land, erecting
apparatus and saying, "There it is, boys. Have a
good time."

Planning Involved

Under ideal conditions the planning will start
before there is a playground. The playground
planner will collaborate with the body which
selects school sites and with the city planner to
assist in determining the exact location and size
of the playground. After the land is acquired
the planning may be divided into two operations
— (i) the analysis of the problem, and (2) draw-
ing the plan. Of the two operations the analysis
is the more important. Unless it is clearly under-
stood how the playground is going to be operated
and by whom it will be used one might just as
well copy stock plans.

The type of supervision is one of the most im-
portant factors affecting the layout. If there is
to be a custodian whose only concern is preserv-
ing the peace and preventing destruction of pro-
perty, the plan will be far different than if there
is to be a play leader or several leaders working
with different age and sex groups. Ususally the
custodial supervision is found in the larger parks
where children go on special outings, often times
for a whole day, and usually accompanied by
adults. Such outings are net an every day oc-
currence and under these conditions the oppor-
tunity for organized play is slim. This is the

151

152

PLAYGROUND PLANNING AND LAYOUT

only place for the unusal and
the "thrill type" of apparatus.
High swings, revolving equip-
ment, and long, undulating
slides will not be used beyond
the thrill stage and there will
be little temptation to experi-
ment with unorthodox and
frequently dangerous varia-
tions in use. The parent usual-
ly accompanies the child on
these picnics and is on the alert
to prevent accidents. The de-
sign of these custodian-super-
vised playgrounds is primarily
a problem of the landscape
architect to preserve natural
beauty and develop separated
open spaces where family
groups may play their own
games, all convenient to a field
house for toilet facilities and
shelter.

The neighborhood play-
ground is different from the
more distant park playground
in that the same group of chil-
dren use it almost every day.
Usually it is small, and to pre-
vent "hogging" of space by
the more aggressive gang, it is
necessary to organize play
groups under trained leader-
ship. Apparatus upon such a
playground must be the simpl-
est and safest on the market
and the importance of even
this decreases as the leader
perfects his group organiza-
tion. The effective leader has
children playing together in-
stead of zi'ith things. Because
these neighborhood play-
grounds are almost always too
small, and because of the high
cost of land, the division of
the playground for certain ac-
tivities, the arrangement of
these divisions, the amount and
kind of equipment, demand a
careful study of local condi-
tions and the most skillfully
prepared plan.

PLAN OF SIEFERT PLAYGROUND, MILWAUKEE

Property dimensions, 440' x 315'. Area, 3.18 acres. Active play
space, 1.97 acres or 62^. Area occupifed by school building, .39
acres or 12%. Area of grass and shrub strips, walks, pool, etc.,
.82 acres or 26%. Property is surrounded by four streets. Long
axis runs north and south. Playground is flood lighted for night
use. Boys' area is "dished" for winter skating. Playground is
screened from streets by a 13 foot grass and shrub border. Open
space has been left near exits of school. There is a main open
space for baseball and running games and a secondary open
space for volley ball and basketball and for smaller boys' games.
The pool and park area where both boys and girls play is acces-
sible to the two play areas, and the apparatus is grouped away
from most active play. The planting is so planned that it does not
interfere with play.

PLAYGROUND PLANNING AND LAYOUT

153

The Activities

The kind of neighborhood, the kind and age of
children to be served, the local traditions and
preference have much to do with the activities on
a playground and consequently the layout. Ten-
nis may be popular, but there may be sufificient
courts near by and here always enters the problem
of justifying the reservation of 650 square yards
of valuable play space for the use of four people.
A skating rink may be difficult to work into the
plan, but if no other place is within easy reach,
the extra cost may be worth while. A wading pool
may draw great crowds in one part of a city but
fail to attract in another because a nearby park or

The wading pool at Burbank Playground, Milwaukee,
has been made +0 fit into the contour of the land

beach may have a more attractive pool with
pleasant accommodations for mothers. Baseball,
soccer, and football have enthusiastic followings,
but the players are old enough to travel considera-
ble distances to suitable fields and these space de-
vouring activities should not be crowded into a
playground to the disadvantage of play space for
young children. As a general rule boys want play-
ground ball diamonds, and if that is all there is
room for it is better to have a simple layout with
a good ball diamond and nothing else than a '
cramped diamond, and a cramped volley ball
court, all crowded against an assortment of ap-
paratus.

Details of the plans, as, for example, surfacing,
should be settled by analysis of the problem. None

of us likes the hard, barren, all weather type of
surfacing so often used. It isn't a question of
likes and dislikes ; it is a question of meeting de-
finite requirements. If the playground is in con-
junction with a school and the children must use
it the year round, good weather and bad, then at
least some portion of the grounds must be sur-
faced to be available under all conditions. If the
grounds are large, possibly some can be left in
turf, but it is the exceptional school playground
that has extensive grounds and ample play facili-
ties that can be left entirely in turf. A part of
many of our northern playgrounds is flooded for
a skating rink. Our experience is that where
turf is flooded almost all
grass is killed and the cost of
maintenance is high. Where
flooding is a routine matter a
hard surfaced area is more
satisfactory. For some games,
as, for example, volley ball
and basketball, a true, hard
surface is desirable, and even
under ideal space conditions
it is probable that some area
will be hard surfaced. The
type of surfacing is not im-
portant in so far as the gen-
eral layout is concerned and
will not be discussed here.

Buildings are always ex-
pensive and the need for a
building and its exact use de-
serve very careful considera-
tion. If the playground is in conjunction with a
school it may be possible to utilize the school
building for toilets, equipment storage, storm
shelter and craft work. If the playground is in-
dependent of any school building the field house
may vary all the way from a box for tools and
equipment to a large building with all "the facili-
ties of a community center. If it is decided that
a large building is necessary and finances dictate
a small building, the playground plan should be
made upon the basis of the large building, and, if
possible, the structure that can be erected with
funds available should be a part of the larger
plan. The building architect and the playground
designer must work in perfect coordination that
the floor plan, entrances, and maintenance and
supervision facilities dovetail perfectly with the
general plan.

154

PLAYGROUND PLANNING AND LAYOUT

The possibility of evening play under flood
lights should be considered because the layout of
ball diamonds, basketball and volley ball courts,
horseshoe courts, and, to a lesser degree, all the
activities, are affected. The beams of light should
in so far as possible light the ball at right angles
to its normal flight and from two sides to prevent
confusing shadows. For playground ball the main
sources of light may well be on both ends of a
line drawn through first and third bases. For bas-
ket and volley ball the light should be across the
short axis of the court and from both sides. The
poles which support these lights must be so placed
that they do not interfere with active play.

The organization of the selected activities into
a workable, economical and beautiful playground
design starts upon the drafting board. The exact
starting point and technique is a matter of per-
sonal preference. In my experience the plan just
grows; tentative layouts are made, flaws are
found in them, new layouts are drawn and the
process is continued until the plan is evolved. If
a schedule had to be prepared, it would be some-
thing like this :

(i) Segregation of Activities

a. Sex

b. Age

c. Kind of activity ^ ^-^^ ^c Holt Aven

showing boys' area

d. Degree of segregation

(2) Circulation (i.e. ease of moving about)

a. From the street to the playground

b. To drinking fountains

c. To toilets

d. To the neutral areas and quiet corners
c. For safety — particularly affecting loca-
tion of apparatus

(3) Appearances
o. Simple, orderly layout

b. Planting for beauty
(i) Viewed from the outside

(2) Internal views

(3) Screening of maintenance opera-
tions — light equipment

c. Details of planning such as :

( 1 ) Height and style of fences

(2) Seats

(3) Building architecture

(4) Wading pools

(4) Maintenance

a. Service areas and buildings

b. Circulation and entrances for equipment

c. Water system, sewer system

(5) Design of details

a. Selection of apparatus ; kind of sur-
faces, etc.

b. Establishment of grades

c. Planting plan

d. 'Writing specifications
ue Playground, Milwaukee. <^^ Estimate of Cost
with surrounding planting

PLAYGROUND PLANNING AND LAYOUT

155

With such a schedule no one part is started and
carried to completion as an independent opera-
tion : the plan is built up simultaneously and this
interrelation must be constantly in the designer's
mind. Discussion of the plan, one phase at a
time, will of necessity seem disjointed, but no
other ways seem open, and I'll touch upon the de-
tails following the above outline.

Segregation of Activities

There must be some segregation of activities.
Baseball and sand box modeling, volley ball and
airplane building, don't mix. In planning the
grounds, the activity requiring the most space, in
which there are tlie most running and throwing,
is located first. If there are to be two such areas,
one for boys and one for girls, the boys' space
will be larger because they hit further and run
wilder. No hard and fast rule can be set down,
but if a twelve inch playground ball is used the
boys should have a 200 foot batting radius and
the girls can get along with 125 feet. The increas-
ing interest in playground ball is likely to lead to
new standards. For small grounds where a 200
foot radius is impossible it is probable that a 14
inch ball will be standard and upon larger grounds
the 12 inch ball will be used.

The segregation is dependent upon the number
of play leaders and becomes greater as the ntim-
ber of play leaders increases. In homogeneous
neighborhoods of home owners, segregation of
sexes is desirable only for the playing of the more
vigorous games by the chldren of adolescence and
older. The younger children usually play their
games together, just as they play together within
the family circle.

These active play areas are located so that in-
ter-play traffic does not cut across them. Off from
the main path of traffic
may be located smaller
areas : one equipped with
apparatus; another fenced
and surfaced to be used
for volley ball, basketball
or paddle tennis ; another
for horseshoes; another
for shuffieboard, handball
or similar games; another
with sand box, shade and
perhaps a pool for very
small children and their
mothers; and finally, a
service area. On the large

FOUR SURE TESTS

1. Are the boys and girls who use the play-
ground satisfied? Do they play the games
where indicated on the plan, or do they try
to overcome some shortcomings by a rear-
rangement of their own?

2. Is the play leader enthusiastic and con-
vinced that he has a real playground or is he
always suggesting important changes?

3. Are the taxpayers satisfied with the re-
turn on the investment, and

4. Do the neighbors look upon the play-
ground as a nuisance or a benefit? Would
they like to see the site return to its former use
or are they proud of the playground?

playgrounds there will be room for tennis courts,
regulation baseball diamonds, soccer, field hockey,
and football fields. The method of separating
these specialized activity areas will depend upon
many factors : there may be definite fences in con-
gested grounds where safety from flying balls is
an important consideration ; there may be a few
trees and shrubs where there is no congestion and
the total area is large, or there may be no physi-
cal barrier at all.

In the evolution of the plan, as these different
areas are located the paths used for the most
direct passage from one to another and to the
drinking fountains and toilets can be foreseen. To
avoid confusion the areas should be arranged to
produce a very simple pattern of paths to prevent
interference and make easier the problem of
supervision. The location of drinking fountains,
toilets and the play director's store room should
be studied to prevent interference with active play
groups. Circulation can be guided and safety pro-
moted by careful placing of entrances from the
street. Gates in the middle of a block may be a
cause of accidents because motorists do not ex-
pect children to dart out from the middle of a
fenced playground.

This pattern of the various play areas and the
paths of travel can be emphasized and made at-
tractive with plantings of trees and shrubbery so
that the planting seems to be the reason for the
location of the play areas. Within the playground
itself, particularly near the areas devoted to the
most active play, the planting should be trees
only, for shrubbery is not robust enough to stand
the abuse it is likely to get. Around the quiet ac-
tivity spaces, such as a wading pool or mothers'
area, and along the boundaries of the playground,
the selection of plant material may be wider and
and richer. Perennial beds
may be introduced and, if
interest in nature study is
aroused, the nature clubs
may plan beds of annuals.
In general, the landscape
work should take its cue
from the homes of the
neighborhood, and be just
a little better than the pri-
vate grounds across the
street that the playground
may be a sample of what
can be done toward neigh-
borhood improvement.
(Continued on page 177)

The Swimming Pool on the Playground

A LARGE NUMBER of the play-
grounds of this country
now have swimming pools
on the grounds or in school
buildings near by. Since swimming is such a joy-
ous and beneficial sport, it is conceivable that the
time may come when all playgrounds constructed
will include a swimming pool.

The first step in organizing a swimming pro-
gram with the playground should be the regis-
tration of all children. Each child should bring a
doctor's permit stating that he is free from con-
tagious diseases. This insures more sanitary con-
ditions about the pool.

Every summer the playground could have a learn-
to-swim campaign which should last two weeks, as
one week is a rather short time to conduct a pro-
gram of this nature. The pool should be used only
for instructional purposes during this learn-to-
swim campaign. Every schedule and program will
have to be adjusted to the needs of the community.
Below is a sample schedule that might be intro-
duced in a majority of the playground pools.

9 :00- 9 :4S — Beginners, boys and girls

six to ten
10:00-10:45 — Beginners all above ten
11:00-11:45— Intermediate girls above

By Herbert G. Allphin

Swimming Instructor
University of Kansas

ten
2:00- 2 :45— Intermediate boys above

ten
3 :00- 3 :45 — Diving, boys and girls ten
4:00- 4:45 — Life saving, juniors and

seniors
5 :00- 5 :30 — Competitive swimming,

boys

Mr. Allphin believes that the
promotion of swimming pro-
grams at playgrounds is a very
important step toward the en-
joyable use of leisure in future
years. He urges that everything
possible be done to encourage
swimming and water sports.

Another plan which could be
utilized would be to have al-
ternate days for boys and girls.
For example, the girls could
take lessons on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fri- '
days, while the boys could attend on Tuesdays,
Thursdays and Saturdays. In this case the hours
could be adjusted to suit the occasion.

The water work in conjunction with the play-
ground pool should be divided into about four
divisions as follows :

1. Beginners 3. Advanced

2. Intermediates 4. Life saving
This grouping will offer several degrees of in-
struction and should make the swim week more
interesting to all concerned.

It will be noticed in the schedule that fifteen
minutes are allowed between each period. This is
done to permit the change of one class to another
and to make sure that Jhe beginners meeting from
9:00 to 9:45 are all out of the pool before the
10:00 o'clock class is allowed to enter. Leaders
must be selected by the swimming directors to
help with life guard duty, demon-
strate different strokes, assist in
taking rolls and perform any
other duties which may arise on
an occasion of this kind. These
leaders should attend a training
school given by the director be-
(Continued on page 178)

156

The King of Games Conquers the Playground

Do children enjoy playing chess? Milwaukee's
experience proves beyond doubt that they do!

LjvsT SUMMER the Extension Department of the
^ Milwaukee public schools experimented with
the teaching of chess on the playgrounds.
Although the game had been taught very success-
fully in the social centers for four years there was
naturally some question as to how well it would
"take" with boys and girls on the playgrounds.
Only a demonstration would answer this question.
During the last three weeks of the playground
season, fifteen playgrounds were selected for the
experiment. An instructor was sent to each of
these playgrounds for four lessons, each lesson
lasting not over one and one-half hours. The re-
sult was not only gratifying but very successful.
Boys and girls ranging from ages of eight to
twenty-three years dropped the ball and bat and
equipment of more active games to take lessons
in chess. As a result 900 boys and girls were in-
structed by these itinerant teachers.

The Procedure

The classes were organized through the
medium of bulletin board posters and an-
nouncements during the story hour. After the
first lesson so much enthusiasm was displayed
by those who had had the instruction that new-
comers were constantly joining the classes.
Those who grasped the game more rapidly as-
sisted the laggards.

The method of procedure and instruction
was as follows : The first
lesson consisted of instruc-
tion in the name of each
piece. En Passant and the
object of the game. Les-
son two was a repetition
of lesson one plus Castl-
ing, board notation, the
value of pieces, stalemate,
perpetual check, etc. Les-
son three took up the

FACTS ABOUT CHESS IN MILWAUKEE
4,200 at beginners' classes
3,000 at advanced classes
7 municipal leagues
48 municipal league teams
208 municipal league players
2,460 aHendance in municipal league play
I annual city tournament
I annual state tournament
5,000 in municipal chess room annual for
play.

Queening of the Pawn and simple game play-
ing. Lesson four took in Ruy Lopez and Guicco
Piano opening.

The Problem of Equipment

Equipment for chess is expensive, and one
of the first problems that arose was that of
providing sets for the playgrounds. But the
solution was quickly found when the children
discovered they could make the sets during
playground handcraft periods. Drug stores and
other commercial places developing camera
films were glad to contribute the spools on
which the films are wound. These spools,
which have two metal ends, were cut in two,
and the chess figure was cut out of a piece of
pasteboard and stuck in the slit which is in the
spool. The children dipped one set of chess
men in black paint and the other in white, and
a complete chess set was ready for use. Some
of the more ambitious children carved the
figures out of wood instead of pasteboard and
after painting them finished them with shellac
making very attractive sets.

And On They Go!

Several playgrounds organized teams and

have inter-playground matches. The Sherman

playground conducted a tournament in which

seventy-four boys participated, while another

playground conducted a

girls' tournament in which

there were twenty-two

entries.

As a result in the inter-
est aroused in the sum-
mer program, clubs were
organized in the fall at
the social centers. A series
of six free lessons for be-
ginners was given at three

157

158

THE KING OF GAMES CONQUERS THE PLAYGROUND

wo^ot^^o^

Rook or
Castle

Spools tor +Ke
\/arit>u& pieces

KiNG- - •J %\neUts

QuEeN - 2. '/i •

ElbHOP- 1 'A '

KNiewr- I'/t •

Cavtle - 1 '/* *

Pawh - y« -

<M^

Don't be discouraged at the

~, It's easy, and a lot of fun,

centers. Ihere was '

also a group of

twelve lessons for those who had advanced
from the beginners group or for those with
some knowledge of the game.

Today chess fans in Milwaukee have a mu-
nicipal playroom at the Lapham Park Social
Center which is open to the public every Mon-
day and Friday evenings the year around. Sev-
eral tournaments of advanced types are spon-
sored for all classes of players and one or more
nationally famous masters are brought to the
city for simultaneous exhibitions.

A few facts about the terms used in chess
may be of interest to prospective players:

The object of the game is to pretend to cap-
ture the opponent's King. When capture is
threatened, the King is in check (Ch or -}-).
When capture is inevitable the King is "check-
mate" (+-(-) and the game is won. When the
King is not in check but no move can be made
without placing him in check, he is in "stale-
mate" and the game is a draw or tie.

Queen Pawn

cost of chess equipment,
too, to make your own!

The chess board is

identical with the
checker board. It is placed so that a white
square is at the lower right hand corner of both
players. The rows of alternate squares from
left to right are called ranks, those from bot-
tom to top — i.e. — "straightup" — are called files.
The files are named after the major piece that
occupies them at the start of the game.

Each player has eight Pawns which repre-
sent common soldier§; two Rooks, or Castles;
two Knights, representing the cavalry and
known as the most elusive and dangerous
pieces on the board ; two Bishops, one Queen,
the most powerful piece on the board, and one
King. The abbreviation for each piece is the
capital letter starting its name, except that Kt
stands for Knight.

Eric E. Eastman, Assistant County Agent,
Extension Service, Orange County, California,
has prepared a statement incorporating the
rules of the game in brief form. Copies of this
statement may be secured on request from the Na-
tional Recreation Association.

Costume Balls in the Black Mills

FOR sKV'ERAL WEEKS preced-
ing February 22nd Black
Hills residents donned his-
toric costumes and enjoyed a series of costume
balls. Back of it all was the committee for the
Pageant of America which will be staged in a
giant natural bowl near Rapid City, South Da-
kota, between July 4th and September. The in-
cidents and episodes for the pageant have been
selected in view of their relation to Washington,
Jeflferson, Lincoln and Roosevelt, the giant figures
being carved on Mount Rushmore by Gutzum
Borglum.

The purpose of the balls has been to get Black
Hills folks into the spirit of play which will put
them in the pageant mood and will inspire David
Crockett when he is filling the tourist's gas tank,
Louis the XIV while he is O.K.ing his check or a
Sioux princess when she is serving lunch!

How the spirit of play captured one community
is the theme of this story.

"Yes, we'll do it," was the answer of the local
Spearfish, South Dakota, group to the central
pageant committee. And this is how they did it.

First, a representative committee of women was
selected to make plans. The town people were
given opportunity to make nominations for a queen
and a committee representing various organiza-
tions in the town made the selection. The corona-
tion ceremony, announced to take place on the
night of the ball, February 9th, was planned and
carried out by a skilled dramatic coach connected
with the Spearfish Normal School. Special dances

By Margaret S. Bridge

Spearfish, South Dakota

were in the hands of a trained
leader. They all gave their
services.

The grand march was set for 9 :oo o'clock.
When the committee on reception arrived at 8 130
it found a crowded hall. Unprecedented ! Any
number of townspeople and guests from neigh-
boring towns had come early "to avoid the rush"
and in order not to miss the show. A large per-
centage came in costume. Hoops, panniers, wigs,
knee-breeches, side-burns and large shoe buckles
introduced characters from the Colonial period
through the Civil War. George and Martha Wash-
ington, Daniel Boone, a gambler of Mississippi
River days and a lady of the Empire period were
among those who entered the grand march led by
the Queen of the occasion.

Music, especially planned, introduced a number
of the waltzes and dances of an earlier day. In
the intermissions three guests of honor represent-
ing living history took their places in front of a
microphone and told something of their recollec-
tions. Nonagenarians! all — who had lived through
the administrations of twenty-one of the thirty
presidents of these United States. Two were
Civil War brides. The third, a man, had been in
England when the Civil War started. All had
been born when only three states lay west of the
Mississippi River.

The ball was an occasion of color, and as one
woman said, "It brightened up the village for a
bit." Another saw in it something of value from
(Continued on page 180)

159

Start Your Planning Now

for the

Summer Closing Festival

THIS SUMMER will see a larger number of play-
grounds in operation than ever before in the
history of the movement. Work relief funds
will place more leaders on the grounds and many
new communities of children will enjoy the ad-
vantages of play with leadership. This means
that more children will follow the graceful cus-
tom of expressing their appreciation for a long
summer of play on public playgrounds in a
pageant or festival marking the close of another
season.

\^^hen the playgrounds open the wise super-
visor will begin looking ahead to that closing event
and planning it as a natural development of the
summer. The closing festival has a two-fold pur-
pose. It furnishes a goal that spices the long days
of play with a sense of achievement. It also gives
the children an opportunity to prove once more
the benefits of a happy, healthy summer under
play leadership. With a little foresight and plan-
ning the festival can be presented without impos-
ing a last-minute strain on directors and children,
the work of the summer can be utilized, and the
burden of the presentation distributed among the
different grounds.

From playgrounds where a little group of play-
ers is accustomed to present plays in some se-
cluded corner, the leading characters can be drawn,
while children who have never had drama experi-
ence can gain some insight into it through par-
ticipation in the various groups. Perhaps the fol-
lowing season will find some child who was a
dancer in the festival joining the little group of
playground players and trying his skill in more
difficult roles.

Since it is impossible to bring the children of
widely scattered grounds together for more than
one rehearsal — and in some cities even this will be

160

■ out of the question — the success of the festival
depends on organization and on selecting the type
of material that is easily adapted to the local situ-
ation. Every year the supervisor who has pro-
duced a number of these festivals finds it in-
creasingly difficult to discover another idea or out-
line on which she can build her next presentation.
There are several favorite themes that .are par-
ticularly adaptable. Among these the Robin Hood
motif is a favorite. This story not only provides
opportunities for individual work in the charac-
ters of Robin Hood, Little John, Will Stukely,
Friai' Tuck and Maid Marion, but in the roles of
villagers, strolling players, minstrels, Merry Men,
outlaws, Jack o' the Green, Will-o'-

the Wisps, flowers, elves, and fair- Syracuse, New Yor
ies, every playground child can find a present a beautifu

climax of the summi

START YOUR PLANNING NOW FOR THE SUMMER CLOSING FESTIVAL

161

part to play. The English folk dances and archery
that have been part of the season's activities are
ready to be incorporated into the festival. A
charming Robin Hood festival was presented
by the St. Louis public school playgrounds
several years ago and many other cities have
employed the popular legend.

The stories of the Piped Piper and Rip
Van Winkle also lend themselves easily to
the playground festival. The councilmen,
the village children, the burghers and the
rats furnish group participation while the
colorful Pied Piper and the little lame boy
are ideal central figures. The little men of
the mountain, the Dutch villagers, fireflies and
other nature groups form the choruses in the
stbry of Rip's adventure. Bowling and folk danc-
ing can be utilized.

Indian pageants and festivals seem to fit un-
usually well in the summer program. A number
of years ago the season was devoted to Indian
lore, handcraft, dancing, etc., in Reading, Penn-
sylvania, and at the close of the summer an In-
dian pageant was presented. Details of this pro-
duction are described in the bulletin An Indian
Pageant in Reading, Pa*

The following report of an Indian play festi-
val presented last summer by the Rec-
one of the cities to reation Division of the Louisville De-
door festival as the partment of Public Welfare offers
ilayground program.

many suggestions which other communities might
follow.
"For the past two summers dramatics has played

Every year pageants and festivals conceived and de-
veloped by recreation workers are presented at the end
of the season — and pass into limbo as far as the possi-
bility of other communities profiting by them is concern-
ed. The Drama Service of the National Recreation Asso-
ciation here makes the plea that every playground super-
visor who produces an original pageant or festival this
summer send in a copy of the manuscript, a program or
even a newspaper clipping describing the event.

its part in the regular playground program, but
the Indian plays have proved most popular and
have attracted more adults and boys to participate
in them. Because of the rich store of Indian lore
in our Kentucky history, this central theme for
dramatization seemed best adapted. Our parks,
named for the Cherokee, Shawnee, Iroquois and
Seneca Indians, immediately opened up an avenue
for adventure. The library was appealed to for
material and it was found that it, too, had gone
primitive, having chosen for its children's reading
course a study of the North American Indians,
and a vast amount of material was on tap. The
Filson Club, the local historical society specializ-
ing in Kentuckiana, was helpful in locating ma-
terial for the two pioneer plays dealing with the
infancy of the state.

"Perhaps one of the biggest values of the In-
dian plays was the amount of ingenuity and in-
dustry displayed in presentation. Cheese boxes
were transformed into beatable tom-toms, kegs
became water drums by cutting up discarded in-
ner tubes and nailing them taut across the open-
ing, tin cans and a few pebbles masquerading
under bright paint and feathers, became Indian
rattles; sticky paper when dampened became
bracelets, belts, and anklets, fit for the most fas-
tidious redskin maiden.

"Books on Indian crafts were referred to for
authentic designs for painting. Trips to the mu-
seum to view first hand a real Indian outfit were
looked forward to. Two burlap bags were suf-
ficient to make a costume and moccasins either
for a maiden or a brave. For the warriors, two
pairs of trunks could be • cut from one bag.
Grocery stores were hounded for the choice bags.
One interested seed merchant even went so far as

* This can be obtained from the National Recreation Association,
together with the bulletin, Indian Lore, for ten cents.

162 START YOUR PLANNING NOW FOR THE SUMMER CLOSING FESTIVAL

to obtain for one group of playground children,
bags from the manufacturer without the printing,
so that they would be unhampered in their
decoration.

"After weeks of feverish preparation, the con-
test days rolled around. A schedule was worked
out, and the four judges were transported from
playground to playground. The plays were rated,
and the district winners announced. The beat of
the tom-toms pounded in the brains of the judges
after two nights and an afternoon of Indians ! It
rnust be confessed that the dramatic specialist,
who preceded the judges to place the finishing
touches on the make-up, resembled the be-
smudged leading lady of 'The Tewa Turkey Girl'
who cast her lot with the turkeys — but after all,
what does it matter if one pale face bites the dust,
when hundreds of little savages will look back
many moons from now to a whopping good time?"

A delightful example of the adaption of fairy
tales to playground pageantry is the Ugly Duck-
ling pageant which the Detroit, Michigan, play-
grounds presented last summer. Miss Lottie A.
McDermott, Superintendent of the Recreation
Department, has made the following description
which may be of use to other directors.

"Three thousand girls, ranging in ages from
five to sixteen years, participated in the 1934 sum-
mer playground pageant The Ugly Duckling,
which was staged at Belle Isle on the afternoon
of August 22nd.

"The pageant field stretched along the river
with a lovely grove of trees along one end and the
beautiful Scott Memorial Fountain at the other.
This fountain, considered one of the most beauti-
ful in the world, was turned on especially for the
afternoon.

"A large center stage, also two smaller end
stages, were used, and on them all the principal
characters in the story reigned for the afterndon.
Mrs. Duck, Mrs. Turkey, Mrs. Hen, Mr. Farmer,
the young cockerels, who were very amusing and
dramatic, the Spirit of Nature, Spring, South
Wind, East Wind, Sunshine, Dew, the Ugly
Duckling and the little ducklings all played their
parts successfully.

"When the pageant opened and the children
marching on the field in their many colorful cos-
tumes, the lovely green of the Belle Isle grass, the
setting of tall trees in the background, the deep
blue of the summer sky and the sun sparkling on
the waters of the fountain made a lovely picture
not soon to be forgotten.

"Episode I. The Farmyard Scene showed
farmers, animals, milkmaids and strolling players
contributing to the dance numbers and the audi-
ence of 10,000 had the opportunity of witnessing
the hatching of the duck eggs which took place on
the central stage. They saw all the troubles ex-
perienced by Mrs. Duck in teaching her young
ducklings how to stand and walk.

"Episode II. The Deep Forest Scene brought
on the spiders, lightning bugs, crickets and pixies,
harassing and frightening the Ugly Duckling.
Then a beautiful nature spirit called the autumn
leaves to cover the Ugly Duckling and many tiny
snowflakes spread a blanket of snow over the
pageant field.

"Episode III. The Garden Scene brought the
warm rain and zephyrs to the garden, the mantle
of snow disappeared and beautiful birds and but-
terflies made their appearance. Groups of chil-
dren performed three singing games, followed by
the lords and ladies who discovered that the Ugly
Duckling had been turned into a beautiful white
swan. Myraids of white swans then appeared and
honored the newcomer with a graceful swan
dance. The new swan rustled his feathers, raised
his slender neck aloft and said with exultation in
his heart, T never dreamed of so much happiness
when I was the Ugly Duckling.' "

The Ever-Popular Circus
The circus is always a popular closing event for
the playground boys who do not always find ac-
ceptable opportunities in the more fanciful
pageants. There were 800 performers in the play-
ground circus staged last summer in Somerville,
Massachusetts, under the auspices of the Recrea-
tion Commission. They were all there — snake
charmers, Siamese T\vins, elephants, giraffes,
acrobats, clowns, the glass eater, sword swallower,
tall man, fat lady, bearded lady, dwarf, tight rope
walker and trapeze artist. The circus was pre-
ceded by a parade three-quarters of a mile long
which gave the citizens an opportunity to see the
Jailem and Bailem Troupe. Seven playgrounds
took part.

In Athol, Massachusetts, more than 125 chil-
dren presented the Barnhouse and Bailhay Circus.
Following the parade came a, performance by the
Harmony Players, two black crows, the Siamese
Twins, Amos, Andy and Madam Queen, clowns,
acrobats and magicians, cowboys and Indians.
(Continued on page 180)

When the Neighborhood Playground

Ends Its Season

By all means arrange for a gala
event at the end of the season,
but be sure the children have a
part In making the plans for it
and feel it is their own show!

As WE PAINT up the old swings and see-saws,
^ then unpack the new mushballs and bats, it
may, perhaps, seem a trifle early to concern
ourselves with the playground closing event.
Nevertheless, it is highly probable that we need
to turn the matter over in our minds now, in
order that this final public demonstration may be
the outgrowth of the season's work, a glimpse of
the playground activities and spirit, rather than a
mediocre vaudeville entertainment.

First of all, we will want the youngsters to feel
that it is their show. Consequently we must not
deny them the opportunity of assisting in plan-
ning the program, as well as in carrying it out.
Quite early in the season a central planning com-
mittee might be formed, which would include
representatives of the different children's groups.
Committees of older boys and girls can assume
responsibility for publicity, seating arrangements,
ushering.

As we acquire volunteer workers, each can be
given a special responsibility for working up one
item on the program. The volunteers may be
organized into a group of assistant directors. It
is essential, however, that they recognize the value
of helping the boys and girls carry out their own
plans, and that they control any desire to dictate
their more mature conceptions.

Gradually, as we make friends among the
fathers and mothers of the playground children,
we may well develop an advisory or sponsoring
committee of parents, so that playground affairs
may be more closely related to the life of the
community.

Concerning the "Mechanics"

Responsibility for the mechanics of all large
gatherings must be laid at our own door. Cer-

By Dora M. Einert

Department of Social Work

Carnegie Institute of Technology

Pittsburgh. Pa.

tainly the youngsters cannot be expected to exer-
cise this necessary foresight, and yet their most
delightful program may be a very disappointing
aflFair because of failure on our part to think in
terms of time, place, who will see the shotv, and
zvill they really be able to see and hear it?

The closing event, naturally, takes place near
the end of the season, but as with all outdoor af-
fairs, alternative dates must be set because of the
uncertainty of weather conditions. The early
evening hours are probably the best, since at the
close of the entertainment a twilight lantern
parade can be held.

It is usually wise to center the activities as far
from the gate of admission as possible, because
there is usually some noise and confusion near
the entrance. Often we can make use of natural
stage settings, such as elevated ground and trees,
or utilize steps, wading pools or junglegyms.

Of course the area for the performers must be
clearly designated. This may be done by such
crude methods as marking it: oflf with white lines,
or making a boundary with stones which have
been whitewashed. The arrangement of seats can
also help in indicating the performers' area, but
seats, alas, are movable ! For an evening enter-
tainment overhead strings of electric lights are
good, and a row of playground-made or kerosene
lanterns can serve as footlights. The space may
be roped oflF at a height of about two and a half
feet and decorated with brightly colored crepe
paper pennants attached to this rope.

We can safely assume that the greater part of
the audience will be composed of the parents of
the performers, their neighbors and children who

163

164

WHEN THE NEIGHBORHOOD PLAYGROUND ENDS ITS SEASON

attend other playgrounds. In neighborhoods
where there is a possibility that rowdy groups
may prove a disturbing factor, we can take the
precaution of using tickets of admission. These
should be free of cost, but distributed in very
limited numbers, such as two to each child, so
that the recipients will feel that it is a special
privilege to attend the affair. Some responsible
men from the parents' committee can give very
effective service at the gate.

It is often a good idea to invite some guests of
honor, such as the mayor, the chairman of the
playground association, the superintendent of
schools, ministers in the playground neighbor-
hood, newspaper men, policemen and firemen of
the district and the storekeepers who may have
cooperated with the playground program. A craft
project, such as block printing or crayon decora-
tion can easily be correlated with this preparation
for the closing event.

Seating and lighting arrangements must be
worked out with great care. It is a well-established
fact that if spectators have difficulty in either see-
ing, hearing, or both, they tend to become very
restless, to move seats or standing positions and
to discuss the difficulties they are experiencing
with those around them ! Consequently even an
audience of kindly disposed people may seem un-
cooperative under these circumstances.

Frequently it is advisable to arrange the seating
in a complete circle, or in a very generous semi-
circle around the performers' area. The children
can help in planning different
seating arrangements, first on
paper, then on the grounds, so
that a maximum number of visit-
ors can have favorable positions.
Perhaps we can plan that two
rows of children sit on the
ground on playground-made
newspaper seat pads, the next
two rows might have low seats
or benches. Outside these there
can be a number of rows of

There must be gaiety and laughter
at your neighborhood gathering, so
steal a good idea from the circus
and have mirth-provoking clowns!

higher chairs and benches behind which the addi-
tional visitors can stand.

If we need illumination at night, this can some-
times be successfully provided by having parked
cars throw their lights from different angles. In
this case it is essential that we have a rehearsal of
these improvised lighting arrangements so that we
can discover how best to avoid unwanted shadow
effects.

• We inust remember that a child's voice does
not carry well out of doors, so that if the group is
large we would better avoid any solo speaking
parts unless we can arrange for sound amplifiers.
The master of ceremonies can be equipped with
a megaphone.

The boy and girl ushers are important people.
\\'e can help them to secure some playground-
made identifying insignia. They should be in-
structed to request people to be quiet; if this is
done politely, it will probably be effective.

The Program

Now for some suggestions regarding the pro-
gram itself. First of all. Music. Let us be sure to
enlist the services of a local band, be it police, fire,
lodge or nationality organization. We will need
the band for the beginning and close of the en-
tertainment. In addition to this we will, of course,
have the outgrowth of the children's musical ac-
tivities — their toy orchestras, kazoo, comb and
mouth organ bands and their favorite songs. Such
songs as "Soldier, Soldier, Will You Marry Me"

Courtesy Detroit Recreation Department

WHEN THE NEIGHBORHOOD PLAYGROUND ENDS ITS SEASON

165

and "There Was An Old Woman As I've Heard
Tell" may well be sung by the entire group and
dramatized at the same time by the necessary char-
acters. Some songs in which the audience is in-
vited to join will draw spectators and performers
more closely together. For instance, it is quite fit-
ting to open the program with the singing of the
national anthem, also to sing well-known old folk
songs or some of the better popular songs. Rounds
such as "Row, Row, Row Your Boat," "Little Tom
Tinker" or "Are You Sleeping, Brother John,"
will interest the audience, especially if they have
actions.

Second : Laughter. Why not steal a good idea
from the circus and have clowns? If clown suits
are not available overalls make satisfactory cos-
tumes, with the addition of big neck frills of
pleated crepe or unprinted newspaper. Of course,
clown make-up will add greatly to such a costume.
These clowns can work up their many short acts
which should be interspersed throughout the pro-
gram so as to keep up the level of gaiety. The
clowns can give a tumbling act which can be either
skillful or foolish or both. They can have a leap-
frog relay race or a "skin the snake" contest be-
tween two teams. A balloon relay will provide
much amusement. In this game the first clown on
each team blows up his balloon until it bursts,
which is a signal for the second player to begin to
inflate his balloon. It is advisable to have a pair
of sun goggles for each team, and the rule that a
player may not begin to blow up the balloon until
he has adjusted his goggles. This adds to the fun
and provides protection for the eyes. Other clown
acts may be a crazy tug-of-war or some very child-
ish game such as "Did You Ever See a Lassie ?"

Third : Skill and Sportsmanship. Why not ask
the different groups of children to select their
favorite games and then present these as their
contribution to the playground closing event pro-
gram? We should, however, guide this choice in
terms of which games will have most interest for
the spectators. Singing games, whether simple or
complex, are very suitable; running games in a
definite formation, such as two-deep, three-deep,
broncho tag, are easily seen and understood. Jump
the shot is excellent, also the beetle goes 'round.
Line games are not as effective as circle games,
with the exception of last couple out and relay
races. The familiar potato race is always fun, so
also are dress-up relays such as a rainy day race,
where players on each team must put on galoshes.

huge gloves, sweater or slicker and then open an
umbrella in plain sight of the audience before
running to the goal.

The girls and boys can demonstrate poor and
good form in such games as mushball, volley ball,
horseshoes and deck tennis with rope rings. Of
course poor form must be very much exaggerated
in order to make the comparison with the good
form really funny. A very brief mushball game
of boys dressed as girls will amuse the audience,
so also will a volley ball game played first in the
orthodox manner and then "slow-motion," using
a balloon and making extremely slow movements.

Folk dances will be delightful additions to the
program, whether in costume or not. A chorus of
fifty or a hundred children's voices will provide a
most attractive musical accompaniment.

Fourth : Mass Effects. Everyone enjoys a grand
march in which large groups participate. We
know, too, that very simple snake marching is
usually just as effective as elaborate marching
figures. Sometimes an entrance march will serve
to introduce all the youngsters and permit them
to reach their assigned places in an orderly man-
ner. The wind-up of the program may well be a
grand march. A lantern parade through the twi-
light will leave a striking picture with the audi-
ence. Another effective close is some organized
cheering for special persons and for the spectators.

Fifth: The Handcraft Exhibit. This year we
might help the children to work out original ways
of dramatizing their handcraft exhibit rather than
follow the usual custom of displaying individual
pieces of work on carefully guarded tables. The
neatly printed tag giving name afid age cannot
show the feeling of the young creator for his
work, which, after all, is really far more interest-
ing than the size of the stitches! If the juniors
have made windmills, these can be shown to the
public through a lively march of the children with
their toys. A pantomime of a jewelry booth at a
fair will serve to show off necklaces and metal
work. A whole series of booths or counters,
tended by children in appropriate costumes, can
serve to display all the boats, airplanes, dolls,
stuffed toys, pocketbooks, etc., that have been
made. These booths might line the path from the
entrance gate to the spectators' seats.

Finally : Acknowledgments. We must make
sure that gracious acknowledgments are made to
(Continued on page 181)

A Civic-Minded Garden Club

Cleveland's Garden Club of a hundred members
which serves over 25,000 people in one year.

WHEN THE Garden Club of Cleveland was
organized, its express purpose was to
stimulate the knowledge and love of gar-
dening among amateurs. Anything that came
under this heading was a worthwhile activity. So
in February, 1930, the club voted to establish a
Garden Center for the free dissemination of gar-
den information.

One of the first problems was that of finances.
A French Street Fair was held in June to raise
the necessary funds. So successful did this fair
prove to be that it was possible to rent for a very
nominal fee from the city a two-story brick build-
ing beside the lake in Wade Park, formerly used
to house rowboats. Extensive alterations were
made and the following December it was opened
to the public.

Located in the Fine Arts Garden (sponsored
the previous year by the Garden Club) it is in
the cultural center of Cleveland adjacent to the
Art Museum, Western Reserve University, the
Art School and Severance Music Hall. On the
first floor is a long exhibition room, 15 by 50
feet, with French doors looking out upon the
lake. Glass shelves have been fitted over these
doors to permit of displays of growing plants. At
each end portable shelves and bulletin boards
hold various exhibits according to the season of
the year. A small office, a flower room with run-
ning water, and a furnace, storage and cloak room
also open oflf this exhibition room. Upstairs is
the library, where a real horticultural library is
being assembled. Six hundred volumes are al-
ready on hand, touching upon landscaping, hor-
ticulture, floriculture and ornithology. Some of
these were obtained from the Garden Gub's
library, and others were
donated by members. It is
hoped to make this an exten-
sive horticultural library such
as is found in New York,
Philadelphia, and Bo.ston. A
verticle file has been started

From the Christian Science Moni-
tor comes this interesting story of
the accomplishments of a Garden
Club which is making available au-
thentic information on all kinds of
garden problems.

of clippings on subjects not in book form, and a
large collection of seed catalogues and garden
magazines is available.

Into the doors of the Garden Center flow a con-
stant stream of people interested in improving
their own environment — home owners, garden
club members, apartment dwellers, professional
gardeners, landscape architects, commercial flor-
ists, seedsmen, art school students. Boy and Girl
Scouts, with their leaders, Girl Reserves, teach-
ers and classes of elementary school children — a
veritable cross-section of humanity. Out they
come with practical garden information and a re-
newed vision of what can be accomplished by
diligent effort.

The Director of the Center, Miss Carroll C.
Griminger, is a practical-minded person with an
extensive training in horticulture and several
years' experience with one of the large eastern
seed houses. Two graduate botany students from
Western Reserve University give part time as-
sistance to the Center, for which they receive a
fellowship tuition.

Two committees from the Garden Club of
Cleveland determine policies, pass on matters of
expenditure, and plan exhibits and programs with
the help of an advisory committee chosen from
various city institutions.

Each month special e.xhibits and programs are
planned and worked out in cooperation with the
various garden clubs of Cleveland. One month
will feature garden insects and plant diseases to-
gether with the accepted remedies. Another
month will be devoted to rock gardens with an
actual garden and pool worked out in one end of
the room. Other programs have dealt with such
subjects as design of small
gardens, roadside improve-
ment, conservation of wild
flowers, early seed sowing,
window boxes, roses, dahlias,
gladiolus, chrysanthemums,
(Conlinucd 011 page 181)

166

The Farm as a Camp Background

By Frank and Theresa Kaplan

To TELL the story of Commune Farm we must
go back to January, 1934, when the idea of a
cooperative farm camp for children was being
crystallized. At that time two people active in
progressive education and for many years dis-
satisfied with present day camp programs set
up plans for a camp built on the background
of farm life. The original plans called for the
organization of two counselors, one agricul-
turist and thirteen to fifteen boys and girls be-
tween the ages of ten and seventeen, into a
corporation, each with an investment of $100,
to share alike in the profits or losses of the
cooperative farm. It called for group partici-
pation in work and play during the months of
July and August pre-season week-end tours for
the purpose of sowing a crop and making ini-
tial preparations for a comfortable home, as
well as post-season trips for harvesting. What-
ever crops were to be harvested would be sold
in the open market and to parents of the chil-
dren at the farm. With fifteen children and
three counselors as the maximum number in
the group, Commune Farm could come under
the category of a large farmer's family sub-
sisting on the products of the soil and also
would be adequate for a special play activity
program suited to its needs.

Our aims ever in mind, we proceeded to in-
terest those whom we felt might provide us
with material assistance and practical guidance
from their past experiences. These interviews
brought us in touch with a well seasoned agri-
culturist possessing a rich academic back-
ground, as well as a great love for nature's
every mood and manifestation. Inasmuch as
the "farmer," as the children affection-
ately called our agriculturist, was un-
employed at the time, he gave all his
time and efiforts to the planning of a
productive farm. Because of his special
ability and the possession of a car, he
was even more welcome to join the

corporation, though unable to make a financial
investment.

One thing led to another, and soon we were
in the office of the real estate agent who proved
more kindly and genuinely interested in our
idea than we had dared hope. Our glowing
picture of the proposed venture fascinated him
and our pleas touched him, for he suggested
that we visit a sixteen acre farm nestled most
advantageously between two dairy farms two
and a half miles outside of Pawling, New York.
A bumpy ride on a dirt road took us to what
we felt must be our summer setting. The house
invited occupation for it was sturdy and spa-
cious, though dirty, unpainted and cold. The
foundation was very strong, and new casement
windows had been set in throughout the house.
We later discovered that an unfortunate inci-
dent had curtailed complete renovation of the
aged house, which had an interesting history.
We found we had much to be proud of in this
dwelling with its fine old fireplaces, firm wood-
en pegged beams, many windows, and two airy'
porches.

The condition of the house and grounds was
deplorable. Some filthy old clothes bespoke of
a vagrant occupant, and we were soon to dis-
cover that energy would have to be expended
in cleaning, scrubbing, painting and decorating
the place. It boasted no plumbing, electricity,
gas or running water, but we found the water
from a cool mountain spring a few feet away
from the house very refreshing. To safeguard
the health of our residents, we had the water
tested by a bacteriologist from New York.
After a cursory survey of the grounds, our

Two camp directors provide a background for a
summer vacation designed to "embody definite,
cooperative responsibilities, new and vital ex-
periences, and realistic, creative activities."

167

168

THE FARM AS A CAMP BACKGROUND

agriculturist made a favorable report, and we
left singing odes of thankfulness to Lady Luck.
Immediately negotiations were begun for the
use of the land, a ten acre artificial lake on the
property, and the vacant house. After confer-
ring for several weeks we arranged for the
rental of the property at $50 and were given
permission to use the lake and the rowboat.

And Then the Work-and-Fun Began!

With but $250 as the initial investment on
the part of the two counselors, work was
started on repairing the house and sowing the
crops. Prospective members of the corpora-
tion, children above ten, were taken on week-
end trips with us to assist in these initial prep-
arations.

Soon after the snow was off the ground we
all pitched in to remove the debris which was
left on the grounds and in the house during a
five year period of disuse. Leaves and over-
grown brush were quickly gathered and
burned. The front of the house, a veritable
graveyard for farmers' unwanted machinery
and useless cars, was soon cleared by means of
a small truck and our united efforts to help
tow them out of sight. The outhouse, a sore
spot to everyone, was physically picked up and
moved farther away from the house by chil-
dren and counselors, given a coat of whitewash
on the inside and painted green on the outside
to harmonize with the surrounding trees. The
renovated outside toilet, spread weekly with
lye, served adequately throughout the summer.
Fences erected and paths cleared about the
place allowed for un-
hampered movement on
the farm. One youngster
put up our mail box,
above which another
proudly hung his "Com-
mune Farm" sign. It
was equivalent to "Wel-
come" and we felt well
under way towards par-
ticipating in an interest-
ing and unusual camping
experience.

With the grounds
somewhat cleared oflF, we
spent the following
week-ends indoors scrub-
bing, whitewashing, paint-

"No period of the year is more opportune
for the physical, character and intellectual
growth of the child than the summer vaca-
tion. Free from the daily routine of the
school program he lets loose with his youth-
ful and pent-up energy. This freedom calls
for a direction for more of the nature ex-
periencing, inquiring and experimenting than
a subjugation to skills and techniques. An en-
vironment in which a child takes over his own
living and learning processes should be sub-
stituted for one in which all social and aca-
demic growth comes from direct dictative
sources — the home and the school. The lack
of restrictions placed upon the child's time
allows for adventures which are real and con-
tinuous, rather than those which are obtained
merely from books and interrupted time and
again by reading, writing and arithmetic."

ing, and in -general making the house livable.
Ugly holes in walls and ceilings were filled in
with plaster of Paris and then whitewashed to
save the cost of paint. Woodwork and win-
dow sills were painted a bright green to offset
the whitewash. The basement was in the throes
of late spring cleaning, one group having the
unpleasant task of cleaning out an erstwhile
chicken coop in the storeroom. Later we used
this chamber to advantage in preserving our
foodstuffs. One counselor, aided by two boys,
fixed up a well equipped shop, cleaned away the
dirt in the kitchen and converted a large outer
porch into a dining room. Two long tables
were made out of old wood doors, and benches
and small tables were constructed for use in
the library on the floor above. Later the porch
was screened with green mosquito netting, and
we had an ideal eating place with a beautiful
natural setting ever before us. From odd and
end pieces of wood found about the barn, pan-
try shelves were put up in the kitchen and
book shelves were set up to hold a complete
agricultural library, as well as books contribu-
ted by friends and some of our children. A
generous relative donated an excellent stove,
kitchen table, living room furniture and a bar-
rel of dishes. From a camp we secured kero-
sene stoves for use in an emergency. In addi-
tion, interested friends lent us curtains, pic-
tures, vases, beds, floor coverings and cooking
utensils. Craft work in the form of masks,
candle holders and wood work, made by some
of our children at school and at their clubs, had
both decorative and practical value. Every-
thing found about the
place was used to ad-
vantage. Empty tool
boxes well covered with
cretonne and then pad-
ded with felt served as
seats about the fireplace
in the library. On the
whole, with a minimum
of expense, a most at-
tractive home was estab-
lished. And a crackling
fire on cool nights made
it a veritable haven of
peace and comfort after
a day full of energizing
activities.

Certain ingenious de-

THE FARM AS A CAMP BACKGROUND

169

An old farm wagon may
prove to be quite as
satisfactory for coun-
try use as "orthodox"
gymnasium equipment.

vices made the
problem of person-
al cleanliness a sim-
ple matter. We
built an outdoor
shower house out of
boards that had
formerly closed in
the porches. Un-
used pillars served
as t h e foundation
and three sides
were boarded up. A
siphon hose was
purchased to. which
we attached show-
er equipment. A large pail contained our water
supply, which we enjoyed cold or heated when
so inclined. By degrees we were ironing out
most inconveniences.

Another eventful purchase was a water pump
which children and counselors set up, for the
job of toting water to and from the house was
a very tiring one. After the necessary pipes
arrived, we attached the hand pump to a tree
five steps away from the kitchen door and ran
the pipe from the well to the tree. And so
another time and efifort saving device was in-
stalled in Commune Farm. From the outset
we bought a first aid kit but had no need for
any medical supplies other than iodine. With
dangers from work and dirt more prevalent
here than in any other possible situation, it
seems almost miraculous that our health in
toto of the group should prove so satisfactory.

And Next the Planting

The house attractively set and personal
cleanliness insured, we commenced planting
during week-ends in June. MTndful of the fact
that late planting would bring a better price
on the market and handicapped because coun-
selors and children had to remain at school
during week days, we could not plant until this
late date. Two acres were plowed and manured,

with manure given to us by an adjacent farm-
er. Our land was surveyed by the children,
soil tested, diagrams of planting made, daily
records kept, and on the whole scientific gar-
dening was practiced. Considerable plots here
and there were vised for special plantings, such
as cucumber, onion arud turnip gardens and
flower patches. A small experimental plot was
roped off in front of the house for nurturing
seedlings before transplanting them into larger
gardens. Fifteen dollars worth of seeds was
purchased and planted on a stagger system, a
little each week, to insure successive harvests
to meet the demands of the kitchen and to
obtain high prices on the market. Some 250
tomato plants, 100 c^.bbage plants, 100 cauli-
flower, and ICO pepper and eggplants were
bought for approximately one cent apiece and
carefully transplanted. The use of a wheel hoe,
jifify wheel plow and wheel seeder enabled us to
plant with precision and ease.

Most encoviraging indeed were the benefits
derived from our farming in cutting down ex-
penditures for food and in affording our chil-
dren daily contacts with true experiences on
the soil. From the outset, troubled by roving
deer and woodchucks, we lost almost all cab-
bage and cauliflower plants. Cucumber, bean,
eggplant, pepper and pumpkin seedlings were

170

THE FARM AS A CAMP BACKGROUND

constantly attacked by woodchucks and other
pests, thus stunting and affecting their yield.
Rewired fences served to prevent straying cat-
tle from devastating our crops. Extensive work
had to be done with the seedlings — thinning,
hoeing, cultivating and hilling. Poles had to
be chopped for the lima beans. Twigs had to
be secured for the telephone peas. Plants had
to be sprayed regularly to prevent damage to
the fruit. One or two storms broke many
plants, but our crops were successful never-
theless. Never more conscious of the atmo-
sphere, our children were constantly on the
lookout for changes in the weather. Likewise,
considerable interest was shown in the devel-
opment of the flower into fruit and seed.

Harvesting the Crops

When at the end of the summer crops were
finally harvested, its distribution and sale
proved not so difficult as we had anticipated.
A good deal was sold on open market to local
grocery and vegetable stores and nearby
camps. Other products were sold to friends,
parents and neighbors who were glad to re-
ceive fresh vegetables at the market price. Of
all the crops planted the best yields came from
the sowing of tomatoes, beans and beets. Some
of the crops were bartered for varied groceries
at the local town chain store. It was only until
the last four weeks that the crops played an all
important part in our diet. The last month's
diet consisted of our own vegetables, prepared
^and cooked in almost fifty-seven different ways.
The use of vegetables resulted in a consider-
able saving on other food items. Some of the
crops were preserved : other early fruits were
made into wine and desserts.

We Become Our Own Cooks

Our cooking problems, troublesome at first,
proved less burdensome as the summer went
on. At the beginning we hired a cook but she
left because the need to carry water to and
fro, the clumsiness of the coal stove, and lack
of gas proved too difficult for her. Faced with
these problems, as well as with a sudden drop
in registration, we decided to do all the cook-
ing ourselves. One counselor took over the
kitchen and the purchasing of supplies, and
wdth the aid of the children was able to pre-
pare carefully balanced and well cooked meals.
The group assisted routinely in serving meals,,
clearing away and washing dishes, as well as

with the cooking and baking. Pamphlets ob-
tained from Cornell and the U. S. Department
of Agriculture taught us how to serve each
new vegetable as it became abundant. At first
we churned our own butter and did a good
deal of preserving, but towards the end of the
summer we found it inadvisable because of the
pressure of various work activities and the in-
creased price of milk. Had we thought of bar-
tering earlier, we might have been able to
exchange our vegetables for milk.

Our limited funds made the purchase of food
staples in wholesale quantities well nigh im-
possible, and buying in small lots greatly in-
creased our total expenditure for groceries.
Yet to our surprise we discovered at the end
of the summer that the constant supply of veg-
etables gleaned from our own fields cut down
our food bill to approximately $16.95 per per-
son for the nine week season, or about $2.00
per person a week. Nor could one call our
meals cut to the bone in any sense. Every meal
was well planned and balanced so as to include
a full quota of nutritious foods. The following
table is a sample of the daj^'s diet:

Breakfast

Fruit (orange, prunes, baked apple, etc.)

Dry cereal (corn flakes, puffed rice, wheaties, etc.)

Eggs (various styles or egg substitutes — French toast,

pancakes, etc.)

Bread — butter

Milk (plain or chocolate)

Dinner

Entree (varied soups, salads)

Main dish (some form of meat and three vegetables or

complete vegetable plate, etc.)

Bread — butter

Dessert (fresh or canned fruits, puddings, etc.)

Milk — cake — cookies

Supper

Main dish (some form of fish with cold vegetables or

noodles with cheese or spaghetti, etc.)

Bread — butter

Dessert (chocolate pudding, rice or tapioca pudding.

jello. etc.)

xMilk

Our Members

From the outset the problem of membership
was our greatest worry. Parents, unaccus-
tomed to this sort of camp, sent their children
with great hesitation because of the newness
of the adventure and the crudeness of living
conditions on the farm. Registration was a
slow and tedious process. With the realization
that even progressive parents tread lightly on
untried paths, we were forced to sacrifice much
in the way of rates, selection of age groups
and simple camp preparations. After many

THE FARM AS A CAMP BACKGROUND

171

interviews and personal calls we were able to
muster together a group which throughout the
summer numbered ten.

Though small in number for a camp, there
is much to learn from the Commune Farm's
experience. Not all children came to us with
the proper frame of mind. Some came avow-
ing that they hated farming. One youngster,
accustomed to many high priced camps and
military academies, came on condition if he
didn't like the place he would be at liberty to
leave. Still others came bemoaning the fact
that there were no children of their own age
with whom to work and play. Facing this
frame of group mind, we set about making life
bearable.

With our initial capital on July 1st down to
the last penny, we ourselves were put in the
position of making the project pay for itself
or giving it up. From the start we pointed out
to the children that as members of the corpora-
tion we were bound together to make this a
successful and profitable undertaking. The
children joined wholeheartedly, partaking in
gardening, cooking, cleaning their individual
rooms, washing their clothtSs and seeking out
the most economical solutions to problems that
might arise. Some found joy in spreading
manure, others in destroying devastating pests.
On clear nights Commune Farm slept out-of-
doors to keep destructive woodchucks from
the seedlings. Part of the afternoon was spent
looking for berries that could be used for des-
serts and picking cherries for wine from our
own trees. "Why use coal for the stove?" one
child exclaimed. "I'll chop some old wood
around the barn." When it came to some dirty
work which we felt might incur dangers if some
of the children were to participate, we would
hear arguments which would end with, "Aw
shucks, why can't we do this — isn't this a com-
mune farm?" One child wrote home saying
she was having a grand time cooking and bak-
ing (her mother insisted on nothing less than
perfection in her own kitchen at home). An-
other wrote asking that his parents extend his
vacation so that he could find and kill the
woodchuck which was eating up all the cu-
cumber leaves. One older girl, who hesitated
to come but finally came for one week to see
if it was exciting, came back to spend the last
two weeks with us. Before half the season
was over, the children were with us whole-

heartedly and assisted with an earnest and wil-
ful cooperation.

Play Not Neglected

One parent asked us whether her child did
nothing but work, cook and garden all day.
"Don't they play?" True, most children found
much play working in the garden and a good
deal of recreation arose out of these work
activities. Hunting for woodchucks led to tests
in markmanship ; chopping wood led to fire-
place singing and games ; working on tree
pruning brought many to our agricultural li-
brary for further reading; picking berries, to
exploring; spraying plants, to collecting bugs
and butterflies ; a dead chuck, to a study of the
internals of an animal. Whenever the after-
noons were too warm for work on the fields
we set out to go swimming, boating and fish-
ing. Arts and crafts played an ever important
part in our set-up. An eagerness to decorate
our rooms resulted in our dabbling with clay,
papier-mache and plaster of Paris masks. In
the numerous repairs that had to be done about
the ho'^se there was no end of wood work of
a creative and inventive nature. Over the din-
ner table a discussion on the churning of butter
brought forth a serious study on the part of
the children of the chemical formulas of foods.
Trips to other farms and country fairs were
always welcome. In the evening we all sat
around the fire, singing, reading, telling stor-
ies, dancing or listening to the radio. Our
program was never rigidly set up or standard-
ized. Activities arose out of need and desire
and were met with understanding. Commune
Farm to children, counselors and parents was
not a ready-made play venture but a real life
experience, chock full of problems and live
adventure.

Advantages of the Farm Project

Although Commune Farm should not be
taken as finality in the private camp field
(much remained undofle because of limited ex-
perience, membership and funds), its possibili-
ties and its obvious advantages should act as
an encouragement to camp directors to under-
take this type of cooperative enterprise. The
farm as a camp ofTers an unrestricted field for
healthful physical activities, situations which
are suitable for active group participation, a
program which is of tremendous and lasting
interest and an emotional satisfaction which

172

THE FARM, AS A CAMP BACKGROUND

leads to a greater understanding of the country,
as well as a fuller and richer scholastic life. A
rounded out experience with planting, harvest-
ting, poultry raising, irrigation, marketing, etc.,
presents more than any artificial camp organi-
zation. The planning and management of a
cooperative garden venture, the repairs and
adjustments on farm property and equipment,
the budgeting of farm income and expenditure,
the sale of crops — all these bring about the
spontaneous cooperation of the children. The
inconveniences of the farm household, the bio-
logic experimentation scientific farming re-
quires, the flower garden — these and many
others call for initiative and imagination on
the part of the boys and girls.

From a health standpoint no better setting
than the farm can be secured. The work on
the grounds allows for a minimum of indoor
activities and a maximum of sunlight and fresh
air. The activities are such that a voluntary
physical effort, which is so essential to the
growing child, is employed. Work becomes
play on the farm. The physical exhaustion that
comes with the end of a day's work brings on
a slumber which is highly beneficial. The sat-
isfaction that comes from a garden venture en-
courages an appetite which is almost alarming !
Experience has shown that the physical growth
of the child on a farm is most amazing.

Since no definite economic requirements are
set as a goal, a program including swimming,
fishing, singing, arts and crafts and organized
games can easily be interspersed during or
after the day's work. The study of breeding
and plant life, the farm shop and other tasks
offer numerous opportunities for individual
activities. The work on the farm is not so
defined that the group cannot on sudden notice
take a farmer's holiday and go off on the coun-
tryside for a two or three day tour. Organized
recreation, the basis of most camps, becomes
on the farm camp only one of the many tools
that the counselor has for the rounding out of
an interesting summer. Yet there are sufficient
opportunities for free play on the farm in the
execution of daily duties. A trip to town to
purchase feed for livestock, raking and loading
hay, pasturing the cows, picking fruits from
the orcliard for preserving, cleaning the barn,
stocking the granary — all these entail activity
which takes the place of organized recreation
in the camp set-up and daily routine programs.

Sufiicient situations arise from natural causes
and work towards that type of social behavior
which we seek to inculcate in our children.
Even singing around the fireside in the farm-
house proves to be more gratifying than the
camp fire and its unduly prearranged novelties.
Whatever play activities arise on the farm arise
spontaneously and are closely correlated to the
work that is to be done.

And, finally, one cannot estimate the ad-
vantages of the farm camp to the child's aca-
demic life. The experience of the summer on
a farm becomes a "well of information" from
which the child can draw material for his
poetry, painting, clay work and other creative
arts and academic studies. A well rounded
out farm experience brings with it an emo-
tional satisfaction which leads to a great love
for the country. It reveals the difficulties the
farmer must constantly face in his struggles
for existence. Bringing a child out of his own
limited environment and making him aware of
his own problems as compared with those of
other fellow beings, in the long run, makes
him a more tolerant and sympathetic individ-
ual. Placing him in a background where he
becomes an absolute factor in the workings of
a small farm community makes him aware of
his own capabilities, and lays the foundation
for a more poised individual.

For camps run by institutions, such as
neighborhood houses, social work agencies and
community groups, the farm camp may offer
a practical solution to many difficulties. These
camps, often faced with tremendous food bills
and forced to take different groups of children
every two weeks, constantly resort to contri-
butions from outside sources for continuance.
With quantities of vegetables at their call, they
can not only reduce their food budgets but also
find an outlet for excess crops, either in bar-
tering for necessary groceries or in a sale to
their own city neighbors and parents who
would welcome fresh vegetables at reasonable
rates. This double purpose of carrying on a
farm project might even make a rent free
camp self-supporting.

There is no doubt that the need of inter-
changing camp groups every two weeks is not
only disastrous to such a farm camp but to any
sort of camp with a complete program. The
■ farm camp, however, offers somewhat of a
(Continued on page 182)

World at Play

IT r~ 7'. ', East Orange, New

.^T- ^""!"r Tersey, has a munici-

Walking Club pal walking club or-

g a n i z e d in May,
1934, by the Board of Recreation Commission-
ers. Since its organization it has conducted a
regular schedule of walks, averaging two a
month. A special feature was the conducting
of midweek evenings known as "about town
hikes," and a number of half or full day Sun-
day trips. Except for the expense for postage
and paper, only a part of which is now covered
by the dues of 25 cents, the club is self-sup-
porting. The program is planned by an execu-
tive committee, and each week is in charge of
a leader who is a member of the club and a
volunteer.

Harmonica Playing in
Los Angeles

Cincinnati Adds to
Play Space

On February 28,
1935, the Public Rec-
reation Commission
~~ of Cincinnati, Ohio,

passed its fifth milestone on the road to the
fulfillment of its well defined policy of estab-
lishing a district athletic field adjoining each
high school in the city. In less than three
years the City of Cincinnati has moved in on
five of the city's six public high schools. "This
policy of the Commission," states Tam Deer-
ing. Supervisor of Recreation, in his February
report to the Commission, "is also the policy
of the Board of Education. The aim is to pool
the recreational resources of the municipal
government and the schools. This joint effort
is required to secure more play space at schools
— a necessity because of the fact that education
without play is impossible. It is necessary in
order that the schools may train our people
for the use of leisure and to bring about the
extended use of school facihties and municipal
facilities for recreational purposes." On Febru-
ary 10th the Commission dedicated the twelve
acre "C. & O." Play Field and a $14,000 gym-
nasium building, thereby marking the comple-
tion of a million dollar play and recreational
facility created through "circuses and gifts,"
unemployed labor, and vision.

Ninety-three thou-
sand, two hundred
and s e V e n t y-four
children in the Los
Angeles, California, public schools have been'
taught a repertoire of 200 selections in the nine
years during which harmonica bands in the
schools have been organized. From 178 schools
in which 15,795 players are enrolled, 2,500 ad-
vanced harmonica players were selected to
appear in a concert at the Hollywood Bowl
March 25th.

Cooking Classes for
Young Men

The supervisor of
activities for unem-
ployed youth in New
Britain, Connecticut,
reports that classes in cooking are very popular
among the young men. Four classes have been
organized, and the number of applications be-
ing received will in all probability make an-
other class necessary. At first the purpose was
to teach camp cookery, but then came a de-
mand for short order work as done in restau-
rants, and now the serious study of bakery and
the higher branches of the art is attracting
attention.

nu- TLT M T One of the activi-

Chicago Has New Type . . ^, ~, .

. ° ,. , . ties of the Chicago,
of Police Institute xn •• t^
Illinois, Recreation

Commission is the
inauguration of the police institute through
which lectures are b^ng given at 36 police
stations to 4,000 uniformed policemen. It is
hoped that much good will result from this
activity, designed as Mayor Kelly points out,
"to help Chicago police ofiicers in guiding boys
and girls in the proper paths of recreation."
Miss Jane Addams of Hull House, expressed
her interest in the project, suggesting that if pro-
motion and awards could be given the police-
men whose districts are most orderly and con-
tribute the fewest boys to the courts, it would
afford a tremendous start.

!/.■>

WORLD AT PLAY

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Training Courses for Camp Counselors —
The Children's Welfare Federation, 386 Fourth
Avenue, New York City, announces its eighth
training course for camp counselors to be held
at Camp Northover, Bound Brook, New Jer-
sey, June 13th to 16th. Instruction and prac-
tice will be provided in specialized fields such
as nature study, music, dramatics, athletics
and games, crafts and hobbies. In addition,
there will be round table discussions on social
problems for children, camp government, health
and first aid, waterfront safety, the spiritual
values of camp life, and similar topics. There
will be a special conference for directors on
Sunday noon.

The Educational Alliance and Young Men's
Hebrew Association will conduct at Surprise
Lake Camp, Cold Spring, New York, a train-
ing course for camp counselors. The course,
which will extend from June 30th until Labor
Day, will cover information on. camp adminis-
tration, personal qualifications, abilities and
skills, the evaluation of results of camping, pro-
jects and programs, and participation in all
phases of camp programs. Information may be
secured from Mr. Max Oppenheimer, Adminis-

trator, Surprise Lake Camp, Cold Spring, New
York.

Playgrounds Wanted — Three hundred and
thirty-nine mothers in tenement districts re-
cently expressed their desires with reference
to a number of features in housing develop-
ment such as community laundries in the base-
ment, laundries in the kitchens. Two hundred
and twenty individuals reported that they
wanted a playground for their small children
and 213 wanted a playground for older chil-
dren. Few other features received as many
votes.

A Volley Ball Demonstration — The first
large volley ball demonstration ever held in
Cincinnati, Ohio, for girls and women was
staged by the Amateur Athletic L'nion on
Monday, February 18th. The program con-
sisted of two demonstration volley ball games
played under different rules, followed by a gen-
eral demonstration covering coaching methods
and rules. The first game was played accord-
ing to the official rules for women established
by the Women's Athletic Section of the
A.P.E.A. The second game was played accord-
ing to the rules of the United States Volley
Ball Association, and the teams were made up
of older women. Following the games there
was a general discussion of various phases of
volley ball led by Miss Helen Coops of the
University of Cincinnati and A.A.U. Chairman
of the Committee on Women's Sports.

As an outcome of this meeting two events
have been planned, a game of mixed volley
ball, three men and three women on one side,
to be played for demonstration purposes, and
a volley ball night, a meet in which teams from
all over the city will come together and play.
This will be undef the supervision of the
Women's Committee of the A.A.U.

A Recreation Conference in Massachusetts

— On March 15th, 16th and 17th, outdoor en-
thusiasts gathered at Amherst, Massachusetts,
for the second annual recreation conference
held under the auspices of Massachusetts State
College. One of the highlights of the sessions
included an explanation of the recent develop-
ment of game management problems, and it
was shown how the golfer, the winter sports-
man, the hiker, the camper, can all make a

C.J.ATKINSON

175

C. J. Atkinson

On April 4, 193S, after a brief illness, C. J. At-
kinson, former secretary of the Boys' Clubs of
America, Inc., passed away at his home in High-
land Mills, New York. For many years Mr. At-
kinson cooperated closely with the work of the
National Recreation Association. He gave him-
self without stint to the work for boys to which
he had early dedicated all his powers.

definite contribution to game management.
Golfers and golf maintenance officials were
told that organized gambling in sports is the
greatest danger which golf faces today. Speak-
ers recommended immediate organization to
combat these evils, which threaten to hinder
seriously further development of the game in
this country. Other subjects discussed included
forestry, winter sports, archery, camping, hik-
ing and community recreation.

Puppetry Popular — In February, the Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, Public Recreation Commission
held a week's institute devoted exclusively to
puppetry. Sixty-two people were enrolled in
the class and nearly as many again sought ad-
mission. Great enthusiasm was displayed. Dur-
ing the week each student modeled a puppet
head, painted it, assembled the body, dressed
the marionette and attached the required
string. At the end of the fifth day the students
were given instruction in the proper operation
of their puppets. The sixth day was devoted
to the construction of a marionette theater for
the Recreation Commission. The prices of the
finished marionettes ranged from 15 cents to
95 cents, depending upon the style of con-
struction.

To continue the interest aroused, the Recre-
ation Commission plans to employ a special
worker to take charge of the group and develop
a "Littlest Theater." With the group which
will be developed the plays will be taken to
dififerent schools and institutions to produce
children's plays.

LOUDEN RIGID WHIRL

Character Training for Youth

(Continued from page 142)
of school organization and instruction involves a
degree of suppression that stimulates unguided
and unruly activity as compensation beyond the

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school walls. It does not arouse tastes and desires
that would be followed up in constructive ways
outside the school. It leaves boys and girls, espe-
cially those more active by nature, an easy prey to
mere excitement.

In short, as far as schools are concerned, the
present interest in more effective character edu-
cation may have two different results. If it is
satisfied by merely adding on a special course for
direct instruction in good behavior, I do not think
it can accomplish much. If it leads public atten-
tion to the changes that are needed in the schools
in order that they may do more to develop intel-
ligent and sturdy character in the young, it may
well be the beginning of a most important move-
ment.

It seems to me especially important that organi-
zations of business and professional men should
exercise an influence along the lines mentioned.
They have already done a great deal in promoting
the growth of the playground movement. They
can determine to a great extent the treatment of
delinquents, with respect to both prevention and

176

ON THE SUMMER PLAYGROUNDS OF 1934

That Summer Playground
Program!

C>K9

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of "Planning Summer Playground
Programs"?

Whether you are a beginner in
playground leadership or a more
experienced worker you will find
this pamphlet valuable, so com-
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the activities comprising the play-
ground program and the principles
involved in planning.
Sample daily, weekly and sum-
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Price $.25

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New York City

cure. They are in a better position than any other
one class to realize what slums and bad housing
do to foster juvenile criminality. They can exer-
cise a powerful influence upon the kind of movies
that are shown in the community. Instead of
throwing their powerful influence for so-called
economy measures that eliminate provision for
activity in lines of useful work in the schools, re-
taining only the driest and most formal subjects,
they can eft'ectively cooperate with school authori-
ties to promote school subjects that give a healthy
outlet to those impulses for activity that are so
strong in the young. Through active parent asso-
ciations they can bring more of the outside world
into the school, breaking down that isolation of
the school room from social life which is one of
the chief reasons why schools do not do more ef-
fective work in the formation of character.

On the Summer PlaygTounds of 1934

(Continued from page 150)

there were no organization. The meetings are
short, but the projects that the club is interested
in are discussed in order that each girl may know
whether or not she is interested in them. Among
the projects discussed at the last meeting were the

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PLAYGROUND PLANNING AND LAYOUT

177

plays to be given, a watermelon party at the Bay-
shore, the renovation of the ladies' dressing rooms,
the playground ball schedule, the contribution of
an act in the playground circus, reading, approv-
ing and learning a playground song, and the
promise that two members would read original
plays to be entered in a national play contest of
the Girl Scouts.

Committees are appointed which include girls
who are genuinely interested; those who are un-
able to be active in any project for any reason do
not hesitate to say so. Attendance is good because
the girls who miss a meeting feel they are not hav-
ing an important part in the formation of the pro-
gram and are not having their say in the policies
of the playground. They concentrate mainly on
the activities which concern them directly, but
when they vote to enter with any other group or
project there is a unified effort the value of which
is inestimable.

Sioux City's Honor Point System

For the past three years the Department of
Recreation of Sioux City, Iowa, has been con-
ducting its program on the honor point system,
including points for memorizing poems. This
year the system is being revised and for the
poems a "reading for fun" feature is being sub-
stituted. The Children's Department of the
Public Library is selecting twenty books for
each of the seven classes. In addition, a brief
synopsis of each book is being prepared for
use by playground leaders when children give
their oral reports.

Playground Planning and Layout

(Continued from page 155)
Some Practical Considerations

The mechanics of keeping a playground tidv
and in good repair should be as unobtrusive as
possible. Some sort of a service court, yard, shed
or at least a tool box is necessary. Without such
equipment the caretaker is put to great incon-
venience and collected refuse is a problem. To
care for the custodian is a simple matter but it is
often overlooked. His requirements are few: he
needs shelter for tools, concealment for refuse
and repair materials, and free access to all parts
of the grounds. He should have a fence around
his yard and some screening from public gaze.
His shelter may be the field house or a simple shed.
The important point is that the housekeeping fa-
cilities of the playground should not be overlook-
ed and later set up by the maintenance department

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178

MAGAZINES AND PAMPHLETS

Magazines and Pamphlets

(Recently Received Containing Articles
of Interest to the Recreation Worker

A\AeAZINES

Leisure, May 1935

The National Dance Festival, by Sydney Greenbie
A School Party, by Ruth M. Luther
The Camp As a Character Builder, by C. R. Mc-
Kenney

Character, April-May 1935

Eight Tests for Parents in Selecting a Summer

Camp, by Hedley S. Dimock
Character Education in the Summer Camp, by

Charles E. Hendry

The American City, May 1935

Natural Resources Used to Make an Attractive Rec-
reation Center, Prescott, Arizona
What County Parks Should Be, by C. L. Palmer
Exceptional Opportunity to Enlarge Recreation Areas

Parks and Recreation, May 1935

Outdoor Recreation Planning for America, by Con-
rad L. Wirth

Claremont Park — The Proiblem and the Solution, by
Edward Clark Whiting

East Bay Regional Park, by Emerson Knight

Esthetic Appeal of Union County Park System, by
Arthur R. Wendell

What Shall We Do With This Leisure? by V. K.
Brown

Camping Magazine, May 1935

What Educators Say Regarding'the Educational Sig-
nificance of Camping, by William G. Vinal
The Enrichment of Spiritual Life in Camp, by Edwin
M. Hoffman

Educational Screen, May 1935

A Project in Puppet Production, by Naomi D. and
George W. Wright

Safety Education, June 1935

Boys and Girls Organize for a Safe Summer, by

Elizabeth Brooke
A Yardstick for Aquatic Safety, by Marie W.

Bishop

The Library Journal, May 15, 1935

Brancli Library Housing for Little Theatres, by
Clarence Arthur Perry

Camping World, May 1935

Waterfront Protection, by Captain Charles B. Scully
Masks — How to Make Them, by Viola Allen

The Journal of Health and Physical Education, May 1935
Leisure-Time Activities for the Summer School, by

E. M. Sanders
Leisure, For What ? by Jay B. Nash
Rural Recreation in Florida Under the Emergency

Relief Administration, by Lora M. Lock

Mind and Body, March 1935

Scientific Foundation of Physical Education, by Jay

B. Nash
Recreation in Japan, by Dr. Seiichi Kishi
How About LaCrosse for Girls? by Martha Gable

PAMPHLETS
Winter Report of Wheeling, West Virginia, Recreation
Department, 1935

Official Report of the Convention of the Department of
Superintendence of the National Education Association,
1935. Price $1.00 per copy

Sixth Annual Report of the Recreation Commission of
Amsterdam, New Yorli. 1934

Annual Report of the Park Department for the Yeat End-
ing December 31, 1934, of Salem, Mass.

in some conspicuous spot. The cost of mainte-
nance can be held low if time saving facilities are
installed at the time of construction, as for ex-
ample, the provision of ample water connections
for lawn sprinkling and a simple, easily cleaned
system of drainage. Sometimes simplicity of
operation may justify the use of pipes and wires
of a capacity greater than actually required. Cer-
tainly the underground utility equipment should
be up to the standard of all improvements on the
playground.

When the plan has been finished and the
grounds constructed according to it, the designer
need not remain long in doubt wondering whether
he did a good job. There are four sure tests from
the point of view of the boys and girls, the play
leader, the taxpayers and the neighbors. To these
may be added another : Is the average person who
visits or uses the playground unconscious of the
planning that has gone into it? Do the arrange-
ment, the apportionment of space, the location of
buildings, fences and even of trees appear so logi-
cal and simple that no studied design is apparent?

The nearer the plan approaches perfection, the
more natural and inevitable it seems. This is the
measure of a good playground plan.

The Swimming Pool on the Playground

(Continued from t>agc 156)
fore the swimming program begins. The leaders
should be trained in tlie technique of strokes and
life saving work.

Groups may be organized such as swimming
teams, competitive diving and life saving groups,
master swimmers' clubs and clubs for stunt swim-
ming. Water carnivals including all the pupils
may be given at the end of the campaign. These
exhibitions should be worked out to suit the local
community. The program must not be too for-
mal, and it is well to let the ideas come from the
children allowing them to give their suggestions
freely. Awards may be presented at this water
program.

(Continued on page 180)

AMONG OUR FOLKS

179

Among Our Folks

W. C. Batchelor, formerly Superintendent
of Recreation in Pittsburgh, has resigned.
Louis C. Schroeder, formerly on the staff of
the National Recreation Association, has been
appointed as his successor.

When by a special action of the state legis-
lature last year the Recreation Board of Park-
ersburg. West Virginia, was abolished together
with all existing municipal boards throughout
the state, D. D. Hicks, Superintendent of Rec-
reation, became Recreation Director of the
State ERA recreation program for West Vir-
ginia. The Parkersburg Community Chest has
since appropriated $3,000 for reinstating the
recreation program, and Fred Conaway has
been employed as full time director.

Clearwater, Florida, has appointed a recrea-
tion board and has employed as its full time
director Ralph D. Van Fleet who for the past
two years has served as part time worker.

Recreation commissions have been appointed
by ordinance in Lafayette and Winnsboro,
Louisiana. Harry A. Wuelser has been em-
ployed as year round worker at Lafayette.

Don Griffin has been appointed Recreation
Director of the Milwaukee County park sys-
tem, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, following a period
of service on the staff of the city's Extension
Department of the Public Schools.

Joseph F. Riley, formerly Superintendent of
Recreation in Elmira, New York, has become Di-
rector of Recreation of the Elmira Reformatory.

James F. McCrudden, formerly Director of
Community Service, Yonkers, New York, has
been made Superintendent of the Recreation Com-
mission.

Arthur Nelson formerly in charge of activities
of Yonkers Community Service, has become As-
sistant Superintendent of Recreation.

Announcement has just been made of the resig-
nation of Dr. James H. McCurdy as Director of
the Natural Science Division at Springfield Col-
lege and the appointment of Professor George B.
Affleck as his successor. For many years Dr. Mc-
Curdy has been a very loyal friend of the recrea-
tion movement, serving as a member of the Board
of Directors and giving wholehearted service to
the movement. Dr. McCurdy has given particular
thought to research problems relating to physical
education and recreation. Dr. McCurdy has a host
of friends in the recreation movement.

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180

COSTUME BALLS IN THE BLACK HILLS

Ike C^ampina
TtlaaaziHe

If you are interested in

The leadership of youth.

The swiftly changing methods in organized
cannping.

The statennents of leading thinkers on educa-
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Camp' Programming — Administration.

Outdoor Sports and Activities.

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Swimming — Canoeing — Sailing.

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Artscraft — Dancing — Stunts.

Council Fires — Story Telling.

Then read the Camping Magazine regularly
Send for a sample copy $2.00 a year.

Lane Hall, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Dcpt. R

The Swimming Pool on the Playground

(Continued from page 1/8)
A Brief Bibliography
Recreative Athletics

National Recreation Association, 315 Fourth Avenue,

New York City
A.R.C. No. 1005

American Red Cross, Washington, D. C.
Swimming Simplifiied, by Lyba and Nita Sheffield

A. S. Barnes and Company, 67 West 44th Street,

New York City
How to Teach Simmming and Diving, by T. K. Cureton

Association Press, 347 Madison Avenue, New York

City
Recreational Sivimming, by T. K. Cureton

Association Press, New York City
Swimming Badge Tests

National Recreation Association

Costume Balls in the Black Mills

(Continued from page 159)
the business angle. Yard goods that iiad been in
stock for years was uncovered, and if anything
proved salable the stores profited. Trimmings,
outmoded many years ago, were "just the thing"
to add a desired touch to a costume. Hair dres-
sers were too busy to fill all appointments, and
such fun they had planning pompadours, curls
and fancy twists! The drug store sold lipstick,
eyebrow pencil and rouge to women who ordi-

narily leave no place in their budgets for such
vanities. The local photographer set up his camera
in one corner of the dance hall, and through the
lens caught the pictures of the evening. He fin-
ished these at reasonable cost, enlarged and tinted
several, and took orders. Of course, the originals
bought! Dressmakers took on helpers and trans-
formed their homes into regular workshops. A
few more dollars in the purses of persons who
could well use them!

And when the excitement of the Spearfish ball
had passed, a large delegation, including the
Queen's party, attended a ball in Rapid City on
February 22nd where they exchanged dances with
couples from Custer, Hot Springs, Hermosa and
Rapid City, and watched the crowning of the
Queen who will preside over the Black Hills
opening of the pageant.

If the play spirit, caught by Spearfish and other
Black Hills communities, carries over into the
summer months, there will be a release of the
human spirit that will make the Black Hills play-
ground a scene of incomparable jollity, with the
touches of history to make vivid the incidents
that have gone into the making of the American
scene.

Start Your Planning Now for the
Summer Closing Festival

(Continued from page 162)
There were singing and dancing acts, a boxing
match, Indian songs and dances, and ukulele
playing.

Last season 700 children from fourteen play-
grounds in Vancouver appeared in a circus which
the Elks financed at a cost of $200. The circus
was such a success that it is to be an annual affair
with the best of last season's acts incorporated
each year. About forty acts were presented and
at the end of the show prizes were presented for
the best performers,' taking into consideration
general conduct on the playground during the
season.

Folk Festivals

International folk festivals featuring the idea of
good will furnish a flexible vehicle as each ground
can select a nation and develop folk dances or a
festival scene centering around a custom of the
country. Such figures as History, Progress, Peace,
etc., serve as narrators and introduce the groups
of children. Since it is desirable to have as little
speaking as possible, most of the pageants re-
volve around a few such symbolic figures. The

WHEN THE NEIGHBORHOOD PLAYGROUND ENDS ITS SEASON

181

use of amplifiers is recommended whenever pos-
sible. When the festival tells a familiar story, the
simple plot is usually carried forward by panto-
mime and a short description is sometimes in-
cluded in the; program.

If the playground supervisor wishes to use the
closing festival as an opportunity to demonstrate
the work of the summer. Drama Service recom-
mends The Gifts* which was prepared for the
National Recreation Association on its twenty-
fifth anniversary. This pageant shows children,
young people and adults in a community-wide
recreation program. The adult groups may be
omitted but if the city is carrying on a compre-
hensive program it may be appropriate to include
these groups with the playground children. The
pageant utilizes practically every playground ac-
tivity. Seven characters — Community, Home,
School, Church, Spirit of Childhood, Spirit of
Youth, and Spirit of Leisure — carry the speaking
parts and introduce the groups. This simple
pageant presents a colorful and ever changing
panorama of play which carries an irrefutable
argument for play leadership and leisure time
activities.

* ObtaiJiable from the National Recreation Association. $.25.

When the Neighborhood Playground
Ends Its Season

(Ccntiniied from page 165)
all who have contributed to the success of the
summer playground season and the closing event.
These can be included on the printed program,
published in the newspapers and given personally
by the master of ceremonies, or better still, by
the chairman of the sponsoring committee, just
before the closing number on the entertainment
program.

And then, when we inventory and pack away
our few remaining supplies, we might again turn
the matter over in our minds. From this closing
event, what impression did the visitors carry away
with them? Was it really that the children were
amazingly happy and spontaneous, knee deep jn
their big undertaking? And what of the young-
sters themselves ? Just "So long 'til next summer."

A Civic -Minded Garden Club

(Continued from page 166)
berried shrubs, compost piles, wardian cases,
house plants, seed catalogues and Christmas
greens.

Informal talks are given three or four times a

PUT

DIAMONDS

ON YOUR
PLAYGROUND

Equip your playground with Dia-
mond Pitching Horseshoes and
accessories. The line is popular
with amateurs and professionals
alike. Diamond products need little
replacing. Shoes are drop forged
steel — will neither chip nor break.
Write for new catalog P. S. 1.

DIAMOND CALK HORSESHOE CO.

4610 Grand Avenue, Duluth, Minn.

month by people who are authorities in some par-
ticular garden subject. Folding chairs transform
the exhibition room into a small lecture hall. Over
8oo people attended these lectures last year. "

The establishment of a garden center is a pro-
ject all communities can attempt. It meets a defi-
nite civic need. The entire town is improved by
educating the citizens to beautify the surround-
ings of each individual home. It helps to center
all garden club groups for constructive work. It
proves a center for such civic projects as elimi-
nation of ugly areas, reforestation and commu-
nity gardening. It provides a place for assembling
a horticultural library and enables the holding of
such activities as flower shows and a surplus
plant exchange. There is no limit to what can be
accomplished among the children for they clamor
for classes in growing flowers and vegetables.
Early in life they thus learn the love of beauty as
expressed in nature. Model gardens may be laid
out nearby and a botanical garden started for the
information of all ages. Who can measure the
influence for good that such a garden center may
exert ?

182

THE FARM AS A CAMP BACKGROUND

The Farm As A Camp Background

(Continued from page 172)

solution to those organizations who carry on
this two week system as its basis because of
prohibitive cost of maintenance. With the food
bill per child per nine week season cut down
to $16.95, as at the Commune Farm, and even
lower in other set-ups, children can spend
longer periods at the same cost as their two
week vacation. With longer periods of time at
the disposal of the child, counselors no longer
will serve as comedians for these two week
periods (children acting passive roles) but will
assume a new outlook and will provide the
children with limitless opportunities for true
participation in country life.

For those schools which have made progres-
sive steps in their curriculum, the farm pro-
ject offers much as an extension of work done
in the city schools. In the farm community
children have sufficient opportunities for lead-
ership, active assumption of responsibilities,
true planning and a real insight into new ways
of living. From a character-educational set-up,
this work calls for immediate cooperation on
e\ery child's part. From the purely academic

standard, this extension would bring the child
into direct contact with original fields of study.
The study of biology, physics, chemistry, ge-
ology, dietetics, surveying, breeding and cook-
ing becomes quite alive, substantial and spon-
taneous. The close contact with life in the raw
gives vent to a good deal of painting, clay
work, writing and other mediums of creative
expression. The crudeness of the household
calls for an immediate and practical use of any
arts and crafts that may have played a part in
the child's school curriculum. The knowledge
of how to make candles may be of little use in
a modern home, but the farm household can
not do without it. Copper candle holders,
wrought by hand, may have a decorative place
in the city environment, but they have a prac-
tical use in the rehabilitation of an old farm.
It is the hope that this description of the
experience in working out the camp project
may pave the way for a better basis of camp
work. More and more opportunities to get
away from the unreal and artificial environ-
ment of the school must be ofifered to children
if we are to seek well rounded personalities
that must eventually accommodate themselves
to a gigantic practical world.

[play SAFE LYc/7
^•^.PLAYGROUND

A SPECIAL SAFETY PACKET FOR
PLAYGROUND DIRECTORS

A collection of materials to help the playground director
promote safety is now available. It includes:

Ten attractive safety posters

A short play

Crayon lessons for small children

A program of activities for supervised playgrounds

Price $L00

Safety Education Magazine, the only publication de-
voted entirely to child safety problems, brings you each
month posters, graded lesson outlines, informational
articles, stories, and plays.

$1.00 a year

With the Safety Packet, $L75

N AT I O N A L

.COUNCIL

SAFETY EDUCATION MAGAZINE
One Park Avenue, New York

Enclosed find for which please send SAFETY EDUCATION MAGAZINE beginning

with the issue.

Enclosed find $1.75 for SAFETY EDUCATION MAGAZINE and the Special Playground Packet.

Name

Address

City and State

New Publications in the Leisure Time Field

ours o

f Lei

sure

The Studio Limited, 44 Leicester Square, London.

FROM England comes a new and delightful series of
hobbies and handcraft booklets known as Hours of
Leisure. Profusely illustrated and attractively printed,
they will be welcome additions to the library of the rec-
reation worker. Those available include : The Model
Theatre, by Victor Hembrow ; Puppet Making, by Dana
Saintsbury Green; Sign-Writing, by T. G. Birtles ; The
Doll's House, by J. A. Grant; Cut Paper Decoration, by
Christopher St. John ; Fabric Printing, by W. B. Adeney ;
Cushion Making, by Jeannetta Cochrane, and Radio and
Gramophone Cabinets, by P. A. Wells. These publica-
tions are available from the Studio Publications, Inc., 381
Fourth Avenue, New York City at 35 cents each.

Social Games For Recreation

By Bernard S. Mason, Ph.D. and Elmer D. Mitchell, A.M.

ARMED with this book, the recreation leader will never
lack for an answer to the question, "What shall we
play?" for the volume offers over 1,200 individual games
for the use at home, school, club and playground. Fur-
thermore the method of classification makes it easy to
find the type of material desired. Classifications include
social mixers ; social dancing aids ; party games ; mystery
games ; dramatic party games ; social relays and group
contests ; duel contests and combats ; council ring activi-
ties ; rotative party games ; mental play ; useful teaching
games ; clubroom and play room games ; automobile
games and contests ; picnic activities ; stalking and Scout-
ing games; joke stunts; forfeits. There are many line
•drawings and photographs.

In using this book the leader should keep in mind the
fact that in itself the book does not attempt to cover the
entire field of games but is to be used in conjunction with
its companion volume. Active Games and Contests.

Great Patriots' Days

By Nina B. Lamkin. Samuel French, New York. $.50.
"1- HIS booklet, the most recent of the "All Through the
' Year Series," contains suggestions for honoring
Coluinbus, Washington. Lincoln, Lee and Roosevelt. In-
formation is given regarding these heroes, and there are
appropriate quotations, playlets and suggestions for pro-
grams. Source material is offered.

lOI Best Songs

Revised 3Sth Edition. Cable Company, Chicago, Illinois.
10# a copy, $1.00 a dozen, $7.00 a hundred.

This is the least expensive of all the collections of
songs of community singing or other informal sing-
ing. It contains all the old familiar songs, most of them
in four parts, and also a few choruses from the lighter

operas, and a few hymns and rounds. It is very clearly
printed and is of convenient size and weight. It would
serve very well as a basic or central "text book" for any
informal singing group, for which additional small col-
lections or single songs could be added.

Everybody's Song Book

Obtainable from Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing-
ton Information Bureau, Washington, D. C. 20# a copy.

-p HIS book differs from the one mentioned above in that
' it contains 225 songs, including cowboy songs, sea
chanteys, Negro spirituals, a larger number of hymns,
Christmas carols and children's songs and several old
songs which in their day were very widely known and
deserve to be revived. There are a number of trivial
songs which can be disregarded. A very useful, inex-
pensive book.

Modern Basketball For Girls

By Wilhelmine E. Meissner and Elizabeth Yeend Meyers.
Scholastic Coach Bookshop, New York. $1.00.

T HE material in this book is designed by the authors,
' who are members of the Committee on Women's Bas-
ketball of the A.P.E.A., for people who have a general
basic understanding of basketball and who wish to make
the game more interesting by incorporating tactics and
techniques of various sorts. "Fast and well timed passes,
clever dodges, quick accurate shots, well executed pivots
and purposeful floor plays should be dominant in girls'
basketball today," state the authors in their preface. The
book is profusely illustrated with a large number of pho-
tographs and diagrams.

We Can Take It

American Book Company, 88 Lexington Avenue, New
York. Paper 2S(f ; cloth 60^.

I N this booklet of 128 pages, Ray Hoyt tells the story of
' the first two years of the Civilian Conservation Corps.
He paints a vivid picture of thousands of young men at
work and play, and gives us the objectives and scope of
this program in which four Federal departments are
cooperating. Mr. Hoyt has been in touch with thousands
of men as they have served in the camps and his book
reflects the spirit of the movement.

Swimming Analyzed

By Gertrude Goss. A. S. Barnes and Company. New
York. $2.00.

This book presents in order a possible teaching pro-
gression in swimming, diving and stunts from the be-
ginning through the advanced stages. It also contains
chapters on the organization of swimming meets, forma- .
tion swimming, modified water polo, and the care and
sanitation of swimming pools.

183

184

NEW PUBLICATIONS IN THE LEISURE TIME FIELD

Work Night Program.

Church Handcraft Service, St. Albans, New York.
$.25.
A work night, according to this practical mimeo-
graphed booklet, is an evening given over to the making
of simple, inexpensive but attractive and useful articles.
It is a program designed to acquaint young people with
the value and enjoyment of simple craft work. The
booklet tells how to prepare for a work night and de-
scribes the articles which can be made — metal mascots,
initialed writing paper, belts, articles of leather and oil-
cloth, decorated boxes and bottles. This is a helpful little
book to have in your handcraft library.

Community Programs for Summer Play Schools.

By LeRoy E. Bowman. Edited by Benjamin C.
Gruenberg. Child Study Association of America,
221 West S7th Street, New York. $.35.
Vacation projects in experimental education and crea-
tive recreation through the cooperation of schools and
other community agencies are described in this pamphlet,
and conclusions and suggestions from observations and
field service in various cities are presented. The pam-
phlet is divided into three parts : The Need and the Op-
portunity ; Origin and Development of the Program; The
Prograrn and Suggestions for Organization.

Behavior of the Preschool Child.

By Lois M. Jack, Ph.D. Iowa Studies in Child
Welfare. University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Paper
bound $1.35; cloth bound $1.70.
The primary purpose of this study has been to deter-
mine and to study some of the factors in the social be-
havior of children of preschool age who maintained a
position of ascendance in the free play of their preschool
groups. The subjects selected were four year old children
in the preschool laboratories of the Iowa Child Welfare
Research Station. This book gives in detail the findings
of the .study.

Swimming Pool Data and Reference Annual.

Hoffman-Harris, Inc., 404 Fourth Avenue, New

York. $2.00.
In 1935 the issue of the Swimming Pool Data and Ref-
erence Annual, in addition to the Joint Committee Report
of the Joint Bathing Place Committee of the State Sani-
tary Engineers and the American Public Health Associ-
ation, contains a number of articles on swimming pool
construction and administration. There is also a com-
prehensive article by Thomas K. Cureton on "Mechanics
and Kinesiology of Swimming."

"Kit" 38.

Edited by Lynn and Katherine Rohrbough. Pub-
lished by Lynn Rohrbough, Delaware, Ohio. $.25.
An interesting feature of "Kit" 38, the latest of the
Pocket Recreation "Kit," is the section on "Guide Posts
to Leisure" with its analysis and interpretation of various
phases of leisure-time problems and interests. There is
also a section in which international games and a number
of group games and stunts are described.

Group Activities for Mentally Retarded Children —
A Symposium.

Bulletin, 1933, No. 7. Compiled by Elise H. Martens.

Office of Education. Government Printing Office,

Washington, D. C. $.20.
In every school system the education of mentally handi-
capped children presents serious problems. The author
of this bulletin has visited classes for exceptional children
in a number of cities and states in which they are being
successfully conducted, and with the help of a number of

teachers, has collected a number of fully tested group
activities. The activities selected are those related closely
to the life of the communities in which the children live
and in which they must eventually find a place economi-
cally and socially. Orle chapter tells of the organization
of a toy orchestra ; another of beautifying the schoolroom,
while a third describes a study of trees, and still another
the food market. Helpful bibliographies are included in
the book.

A Health-Physical Education- Recreation Bulletin.

Womans Press, 600 Lexington Avenue, New York.

$.25.
The February issue of A Health-Physical Education-
Recreation Bulletin contains in addition to its section on
health programs in the Y.W.C.A.'s, the recreation pro-
grams being conducted by local Y.W.C.A.'s throughout
the country.

Sinography of School Buildings, Grounds,
and Equipment — Part IV.

By Henry Lester Smith and Forest Ruby Noffsinger.

Bureau of Cooperative Research, Indiana University,

Bloomington, Indiana. $.50.
Part IV of this bibliography is an extension of the
bibliography, Part I of which was first published in Jan-
uary, 1928. Part IV includes references from April, 1932,
to Octobep, 1934. The four parts of the bibliography
should be used together as there is no overlapping of
references. The material is carefully classified under
twenty-two subject headings, and there are a number of
references to playgrounds, athletic fields, indoor play
rooms, and similar recreational facilities.

Officers and Directors of the National
Recreation Association

OFFICERS
Joseph Lee, President
John H. Finley, First Vice-President
John G. Winant, Second Vice-President
Robert Gafkett, Third Vice-President
GusTAVUS T. KiRBY, Treasurer
Howard S. Bkaucher, Secretary

DIRECTORS
Mrs. Edward W. Biddle, Carlisle, Pa.

WiLIAM BUTTERWORTH, Molinc. III.

Clarence M. Clark, Philadelphia, Pa.

Henry L. Corbett, Portland, Ore.

Mrs. Arthur G. Cummer, Jacksonville, Fla.

F. Trubee Davison, Locust Valley, L. I., N. Y.

Mrs. Thomas A. Edison, West Orange, N. J.

John H. Finley, New York, N. Y.

Robert Garrett, Baitimore, Md.

Austin E. Griffiths, Seattle, Wash.

Charles Hayden, New York, N. Y.

Mrs. Charles V. Hickox, Michigan City, Ind.

Mrs. Francis deLacy Hyde, Plainfield, N. J.

Gustavus T. Kirby, New York, N. Y.

H. McK. Landon, Indianapolis, Ind.

Mrs. Charles D. Lanier, Greenwich, Conn.

Robert Lassiter, Charlotte, N. C.

Joseph Lee, Boston, Mass.

Edward E. Loomis, New York, N. Y.

J. H. McCuRDY, Springfield, Mass.

Otto T. Mallery, Philadelphia, Pa.

Walter A. May, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Carl E. Millikev, Augusta, Me.

Mrs. Ocden L. Mills, Woodbury, N. Y.

Mrs. James W. Wadsworth, Jr., Washington, D. C.

J. C. Walsh, New York, N. Y.

Frederick M. Warburg, New York, N. Y.

John G. Winant, Concord, N. H.

Mis. William H. Woodin, Jr., Tucson, Arix.

Joseph Lee

IN June 1910 — twenty -five years ago — Joseph Lee accepted election as president of the Playground
Association of America. For all but four years of the Association's history Joseph Lee has been
its president and its leader.

Play and recreation in 1910 were no new interest to him. Before the Association was organized
Joseph Lee had worked many years in this field. As a boy he had known what play meant in his
own life and the life of his family. He had read and studied Froebel's books. He was interested in pro-
gressive education before there was any such thing. Not only had Joseph Lee paid for apparatus and
equipment and the salaries of the play leaders for the Boston Columbus Avenue Playground in the
early days. For years he had carefully observed the play of children of all ages. With a lively memory
of his own play days he had recorded what he had observed.

At the time Joseph Lee graduated from Harvard every man was expected to go into business or
enter a profession but he did not need to make money and he was not interested in doing so. In
England a man could enter public service with entire self-respect. In America a man could go to live
in the slums, but to devote the major part of one's time to play and recreation and to think of this
not in terms of the poor alone but of every one. was then hard to understand. Courage was required
forty years ago to devote oneself to play.

Joseph Lee was a courageous pioneer with vision to see a great need and with readiness to leave
beaten paths. While Joseph Lee worked in Boston and New England others were working in other
cities and many persons and many influences were united in the organization that later became the
National Recreation Association. Many of these persons were professional workers, but Joseph Lee
as a layman, a public-spirited citizen, an educator, a thinker, with many many fields open to him, has
not only for the twenty-five years of his presidency but before, dedicated himself specially to the rec-
reation movement. Year in and year out, in good seasons and in bad, in war and in peace, without
thought for himself, Joseph Lee gave himself and his influence to the national recreation movement.
No task was too little, or too big, or too demanding. No job, even that of money raising, was too
disagreeable.

Fortunately Joseph Lee was in position to contribute his time, to pay his own expenses as he
made trips in behalf of the movement, and of course with his interest went his own financial sup-
port. But most of all the Association and the movement are indebted to him for his philosophy, bis
understanding of fundamental principles, his readiness always to think in terms of quality rather than
quantity, to stand resolutely for what he thought really mattered. His presidency these twenty-five
years has been no casual attendance at occasional meetings, but a vital continuous leadership.

Few could know the extent to which his humor, his keen mind, his knowledge of human
nature, his wise administrative judgments have helped mould the national movement day by day for
a generation. There is a spirit and a tradition which he has had a large part in building up. The move-
ment of course is the result of the work of many thousands of workers in more than a thousand com-
munities throughout the county. Its strength has been in its cooperative spirit. What has happened —
has happened, however, under Joseph Lee's leadership.

Had Joseph Lee served for eight years in ordinary times as president of the United States it is
doubtful whether he would have had the opportunity he has had in his twenty-five years' service as
leader in the recreation movement to leave the impress of his spirit upon the nation.

The end of the twenty-five year period of consecutive service is a fitting time in behalf of the
thousands who serve with him to record what his leadership has meant, the affection it has inspired.

Howard Braucher.

JULY 1935

185

■Li

Of all man's works of art a cathedral is the greatest.
A vast and majestic tree is greater than that.

HENRY WARD BEECHER.

186

The New Lei

eisure

IN A BOOK written about four
hundred years ago I find
these words : "For they . . .
assign only six hours to work,
those before noon, upon the
which they go straight to dinner; and after din-
ner, when they have rested two hours, then they
work three hours and upon that they go to
supper."

That was Sir Thomas More's Utopia. It
sounded fantastic when it was penned. But the
machine is rapidly bringing about an Utopia
in which there shall be time for men just to be
idle or to devote their extra hours to fulfilling
those creative desires and impulses which
struggle within us.

This problem of leisure has become one of
the baffling ones of our time. The machine
has continually decreased man's hours of gain-
ful labor. Much of the drudgery of life has
been taken from the shoulders of men — the
back-breaking family washing, the old carpet
sweeper, the twelve hour day in the steel-mill.
The machine should also liberate the spirits of
men as well as their bodies. It will if we will
only realize that perhaps the next great cycle
in the world's history may be the providing of
opportunities for all folk to live an abundant
life. David Cushman Coyle says that the an-
swer to technological unemployment is cultural
employment.

This problem of the new leisure presses for
solution whether we will or no. Certainly it
demands that we find satisfying ways of using
it. We must open up new vistas to men, help
give them new desires, and ofifer them instruc-
tion in satisfying those desires. Not only does
the leisure time on men's hands demand this,
but the very nature of modern industry makes
it imperative. More and more the worker finds
himself a cog in a machine. He turns a bolt
as the moving automobile belt moves monoto-
nously by him. This regimented work gives
him little opportunity for creative outlets. Con-
sequently, he must find them in his leisure

By Paul L. Benjamin

Executive Secretary
Council of Social Agencies
Buffalo and Erie County, New York

time. And society must af-
ford him full opportunity for
doing so or dam up latent,
powerful powers and mo-
tives which can find an out-
let largely through unsocial conduct.

This means that instead of curtailing bud-
gets for libraries, science museums, art galler-
ies, community centers, organized recreation,
and adult education, we must increase them.
It means that we are destined to see a great
increase in the place and functions of these
institutions.

Just as adults must be served, so youth can-
not wait. It is the policemen's club or the boys'
club. On one hand you have the corner gang,
crap-shooting in the alley, the petty crime; on
the other hand you have the "Scout Troop,"
the "Y," the play center.

Clifford R. Shaw, of the Chicago Institute
of Juvenile Research, states that the hundreds
of cases studied clearly show that "the unsup-
ervised play group is the medium through which
a large proportion of delinquents are initiated
and through which delinquency is transmitted
from older to younger generations." Freder-
ick M. Thrasher, author of The Gang is also of
the opinion that "the unwise use of leisure time
of young men from sixteen years of age to the
early twenties, is responsible for an important
proportion of the serious crime in America."
He declares, "It is better to spend $1500 in a
local crime prevention program based on con-
structive use of leisure than to spend $750,000
to convict one public enemy."

In Cincinnati the experiment has been tried
of releasing boys on probation from the Ju-
venile Court to the character-building agencies.
Over 90 per cent of the boys so released never
return to the Court.

A study being conducted by Buflfalo by the
statistician of the Health Department, Mr. Del-
mer Batcheller, shows a close correlation be-
tween anti-social attitudes and anti-social be-
havior.

187

188

THE NEW LEISURE

What of the School, the Home, the Church?

What now is the relation of three great insti-
tutions — the school, the home and the Church, to
this problem of the new leisure ?

The school, of course, should educate for liv-
ing and for the enrichment of life. Education
should equip students to fulfill their capacities and
desires. It should liberate the spirit instead of
regimenting and dulling it. It should throb with
the beat of life itself. Too often schools have ten
commandments of which these are a part :

1. Thou shalt not permit students to become in-
terested in their work.

2. Thou shalt not question the opinions of the
teacher.

3. Thou shalt learn books — not life.

4. Thou shalt not permit students to confer
among themselves.

5. Thou shalt not make education an exciting
experience.

6. Thou shalt not bring beauty
into the classroom.

Now and then you discover
an educational institution which
does violate those restrictions.
For instance, the Arts Guild of
New York City is an adult col-
lege in which the students are
expected to conduct themselves
like "socialized, exploring, cre-
ative adults."

Its philosophy is expressed in
the words : "Individuals are re-
quired, in actual experience, to
respond with whatever inner re-
sources they possess to the com-
plete, unassorted welter of life;
it behooves them, then, to dis-
cover, by active exploration and
creativeness, both what their in-
ner resources are and how life
may be handled as a whole
rather than as a succession of
isolated fragments." They have

"I see here, Mopey, how a pro-
fessor has written a book tell-
ing 800 ways to kill tinne under
the New Deal. That must of

chosen the arts as an educational force for the
following reasons: Through them an individual
may discover his own latent powers in thinking;
a complex and puzzling world may assume unity
and form ; the qualities drawn upon in creative
performance may be carried over into other fields
and help condition his life. The arts' helps the
student to win mastery over self.

Here you find self-discovery and self-revela-
tion. In the words of James Stephens :
"I would think until I found
Something I can never find.
Something lying on the ground
In the bottom of my mind."
Students at the Arts Guild find themselves
growing into more socialized attitudes and dis-
cover a new eagerness about life.

The marvelous development of the folk schools
in Denmark hints at what the relation of recrea-
tion and education may really become. Here plav,
drama and singing have become an integral part
of the folk education. It has become a singing

been an awful lot of work."

Published by permission United Feature Syndicate

MOPEY DICK AND THE DUKE

THE NEW LEISURE

M«cMurr«y Corio»» LibM«7

land. A meeting of the stock-
holders of a bankrupt farm-
er's bank was opened with
song.

Coming near home we have
the annual music festival i n
Westchester County, New
York. A chorus of 500 chil-
dren is chosen from the vari-
ous high school glee clubs and
another chorus of 2,500 chil-
dren from the grades. These
take part in the festival. For weeks, the music
classes in the schools throughout the county re-
hearse for the grand event. The weaving of music
into the lives of the children gives them a price-
less heritage.

Education needs to become training for life.
(James, music, drama, play, therefore become aii
essential part of the curriculum.

Modern life has twisted and moulded the in-
stitution of the home into a grotesque shape. As
Professor William F. Ogburn has so well pointed
out, all the ties which have held the family to-
gether in the past — education, employment, recre-
ation and others — have become seriously weak-
ened. When my great-grandfather and his young
bride went by ox-cart in the wilds of Pennsyl-
vania and carved out a homestead, it became
largely a self-sustaining one. They made their
own home-spun, dipped their own candles, for
recreation had squirrel hunting and sugaring ofT;
education was at the mother's knee ; religious wor-
ship was family prayers and reading from the
ponderous Bible with the brass clasps. Now all
that is changed — the movie, the Scout Troop, the
automobile, the golf foursome.

But, savs ^[r. Ogburn, affection still remains
as a powerful strand to hold families together.
This provides us a cue as to some of the tech-
nique for happy family life. The development of
the afifectional techniques resides in doing things
together, in recreational interests and associations.

I have in mind one family which is a gathering
place for friends and kin-folk on a Sunday even-
ing. Here you will find mother at the piano,
father with his fiddle, INIary with her violin, and
Jimmy with his flute. The family concert has be-
come a regular event in that family. Without their
realizing it, they have drawn upon an atTectional
technique to bind them together. In our church
we now have mi.\ed bowling, preceded by a sup-
per for husbands and wives.

"With the heavy hand of dire neces-
sity lifted, men and women may be
lured into the marvelous world of
cultural interests which has been a

closed world to so many Leisure

should bring a new content into pov-
erty stricken souls, with new apprecia-
tion of beauty and fineness and often
the development of latent power." —
Gratia A. Countryman in Bulletin
of the American Library Associa-
tion, July, 1934.

Hobbies in which all the
family can take part are an ex-
cellent device not only for de-
veloping a community of in-
terest but also for having rare
fun together. I know a family
which is collecting fossils.
Winter evenings you will find
them gathering about the din-
ing room table classifying their
finds. On Saturday afternoons
during the rest of the year
they are tramping along streams pursuing their
fascinating quest. There will be no divorce nor
separation in that family.

The family provides a continuous medium for
education. The notion that education is a treat-
ment applied vigorously between the ages of five
and sixteen is a curious one; that somehow, life
begins where education stops. After all, perhaps
life does really begin at forty. At least our modern
adult education movement makes it possible. The
family is a place to nourish hidden skills and
talents — to grov/ beautiful roses, to make ex-
quisite sculpture from a cake of soap, to drama-
tize stories. My two boys spent a happy Christ-
mas week writing a play, in constructing puppets
and stage, and in putting on the show. The even-
ing performance before parents and friends was
a creative experience for them.

Clarence E. Pickett tells the story of the coal
miner who was retrained to make furniture. He
always came home from the mines ill-tempered
and unhappy to spend his leisure time in scolding
the wife and in beating the children. He was now
employed in making hand-fabricated chairs. He
happened one day to find a life of Henry Wads-
worth Longfellow and he found in it a descrip-
tion of the bed used by Mr. Longfellow^ Finally
he procured a picture of the bed. He decided to
make a copy of it. By working at night, he com-
pleted it, a beautiful piece of furniture. The surly
disposition vanished. He became aflfectionate in
his family relationships. Something had become
released within him.

Only one who has experience knows the joy
which comes from common tasks with children
and mate — of hiking a golden afternoon up hill
and down dale, of old-fashioned croquet, of read-
ing the Highwayman of Alfred Noyes aloud in
the evening with its swinging lines :
(Continued on page 222)

When YouVe Making Tin Can Toys

Save those old tin cans. You
will be surprised to find what
attractive toys they will make

BY USING a little ingenuity many at-
tractive playthings can be made from
tin cans of different sizes and siiapes.
In this article I have undertaken to de-
scribe the making, by simple methods of
construction, a number of toys very at-
tractive to children as playthings that any-
one should be able! to duplicate.

The tools needed, with a very few ex-
ceptions, will be found in any home workshop.
The following are necessary:

A can opener which cuts out the top against the
crimped edge, leaving a smooth top to the can in-
stead of the jagged edge left by the ordinary old
type can opener. There are several of these on
the market. One called a "Gem" can be bought
for twenty-five cents.

A pair of duck-bill tin snips

A block of hard wood about ii/4"x2"xi2"
which should be planed smooth

A pair of pliers for cutting and bending wire
used in handles

A small hammer (ball pene preferred) and a
mallet

A small file

A punch made from a nail filed square on the
end

An alcohol lamp (one can be bought in the ten
cent stores with a blow pipe attached)

A small quantity of self fluxing solder; rosin
core solder is the most satisfactory, ordinary sol-
der and soldering paste may be used.

It is important that cans to be used shall be
washed at once when opened and thoroughly
dried. Old cans or those that have begim to rust
should not be used. You "should have a recep-
tacle handy for scrap pieces of tin, as these should
not be left lying around. All jagged or sharp
edges on any pieces to be handled or used should

190

By Charles M. Graves

Acting Executive Secretary

Transient Bureau

Columbus, Georgia

be immediately removed with a file ; a small three-
cornered saw file will be found convenient for this
purpose.

A Toy Sauce Pan

A toy sauce pan can be made from a small can
by soldering on a straight handle and making a
lid from the top cut from a larger can. The
handle should be a little longer than the diameter
of the can and should be tapered and have hem-
med edges — that is, the edges should be folded
back to make a smobth edge and also to stiffen
the handle. "Hemming" the edge is a process
used on all handles and in some other instances
is easily done by holding the piece on the block of
hard wood and bending the edge over this with a
mallet or hammer. When the edge has been bent
at a right angle to the main piece for its entire
length, turn the piece over on the block and bend
this edge down with a mallet or hammer. Both
edges of the handle should of course be hemmed
and a hole should be punched in the small end. To
attach this handle to the pan, bend about one-fourth

WHEN YOU'RE MAKING TIN CAN TOYS

191

HANDLE- FOR
5TEW POM

inch of the large end of
the handle to a suitable
angle with the handle
and curve this to fit
neatly against the can.
Hold this handle in
place by a wire around
the can, being sure the
can and handle are clean where they join.

If you have a soldering iron available and are
accustomed to using it, you will need no further
instructions; but if you do not have a soldering
iron, the simplest method of soldering is to use
self fluxing solder which is also known as acid
core solder or rosin core solder. Cut a piece of
self fluxing solder about one-half inch long and
lay it in the crevice where the handle joins the
can. Apply heat under the handle by means of a
small alcohol lamp. As soon as the solder melts

or flows, remove the
_ heat and a neat job of

soldering should re-
sult. This same pro-
cess of soldering can
be used with a small
piece of soft solder
and soldering paste
flux.

ro m::i

LOOP TO CKEIV9
HANOUt OF STEW KtTTLt

T'"0

STtPs IN 3uftpm&

ENDS OP i\mV\£ TO
KETTLE AfiO BUCKET

A Toy Stew Pan

A toy stew pan can
be easily made from a can the same size as the
sauce pan or a trifle larger. Shape two handles of
wire, as shown in detail A, using wire from a
light coat hanger or the handle of a market bas-
ket. File these a little flat on the side that fits
against the can and make the top of the handle
flare away from the can. Hold these in place by
a small wire or string around the can. Lay a
small piece of solder against one end of the
handle, holding the can so heat can be applied
from the inside. Heat with an alcohol lamp until
solder flows. Repeat this for each end of each
handle. After a little trial it is easily and quickly
done. By using the top cut from a larger size can
and soldering on a handle made of wire or a
small piece of tin, a very accept-
able lid can be made for either of
these pans.

A Toy Stew Kettle

To make a toy stew kettle with
a bail, a can about 2V2 inches

In RECREATION for July. 1933.
Mr. Graves offered some sug-
gesfions for tin can craft.
This monfh he gives us some
additional articles suitable for
the playground program.

B ' high and the same di-

ameter may be used.
(One which contained
Vienna sausage is a
good size.) Shape two
loops to receive the
handles, as shown in
detail B. These can be
made from gem clips or wire or they can be cut
from a piece of tin as the one shown in the illus-
tration. Fit these loops to opposite sides of can
so they extend slightly above the top. Secure them
in place temporarily by a wire around the loops
and the can. Now solder these to the can by the
method previously described, using a small piece
of self fluxing solder on each joint and applying
the heat on the inside of the can by means of a
small alcohol lamp.

To make the handle for the size can mentioned,
cut a piece of wire 5J^
or 6 inches long from D

a market basket ban- "

die or other wire about
that diameter. To
make the loops bend
the ends first to a
right angle and slip
the handle in place be-
fore closing the loop
as shown in detail C.
To make a lid for the

stew kettle secure the top from the next size
larger can. This may need trimming oflf from the
outside to make it fit between the handle loops.

A Toy Coffee Pot

To make a toy cofTee pot select a tall can of the
desired size. The handle is made by the same
method as the handle for the sauce pan except
that it is shaped like the handle of a cup and sol-
dered over the seam of the can both at the top and
bottom of the handle.

The spout is approximately an equilateral trian-
gle. (See sketch of spout marked D). Bend over
the finger on the line from the middle of one side
to the opposite apex. The edges of this should be
filed to fit snugly against the side
of the can in the proper posi-
tion. Now punch or drill a num-
ber of holes so as to come under
the spout ; then bind the spout
securely in place with a fine wire.
(Continued on page 223)

3POVJT foe
COFFEE POT
(6fNP<W00nTEDU«t)

Something About Marionettes

ind

By
Elizabeth Haines

AMARioN'KTTE belongs to the
great family of puppets,
which is a general term ap-
plied to any specially constructed
articulated figure, and refers both
to marionettes and hand puppets.
The main difference between mari-
onettes and hand puppets is this :
Marionettes are elaborately con-
structed figures worked by strings
fastened to a wooden control, and
manipulated from above the stage
level ; hand puppets are simply con-
structed figures, put on the hands
like a mitten, and manipulated from
below the stage level. Punch and Judy, brought
to us from England, belongs to this latter class,
as do the hand puppets of France, called "guig-
nols." In the parks of Paris the French version
of Punch and Judy is given, to the delight of.
children and their nurses.

Where Did They Come From?

No one person (at least in modern times) ever
"invented" marionettes, as some people believe.
Marionettes and puppets are so old that even to-
day their origin has not been definitely established.
Figures of marionettes have been found in Greek,
Roman and Egyptian tombs, and references to
them have been made in the writings of Aristotle,
Plato and Horace. The ancient Greek name for
marionettes means literally, "puppets suspended
from strings or threads." In India, the name for-
merly given only to puppet showmen meaning
"string-puller," has today come to be a term ap-
plied to any theatrical producer, a further proof
that puppet plays must be more ancient than the
theatre of human actors.

Marionettes were known in China, according to
written record, as early as 630 A. D., where it is

192

Their History

thought they were brought from
Turkestan. Owing to the political
and military expansion of the Mon-
gols, Chinese traders carried the
marionettes over Asia to Africa and
Europe where they were developed
into religious automata used in
churches and church processions.

Their Popularity
The popularity of marionettes and
hand puppets, like a great many
other things, seems to go in cycles,
and in the 17th Century hand pup-
pets rose rapidly in favor and at-
tained their greatest height in the early part of
the iStli. Then Punch flourished in England. His
broad burlesques appealed to the low state of the
English folk humor of the period, and it was then,
too, that his physical, appearance of hooked nose,
hump front and back, cap and ruff became stand-
ardized. In 1713 a permanent theatre was estab-
lished for him in Covent Garden, but it was not
until the end of the Century that he married Judy,
who from that time on remained a permanent
member of the troupe. Punch was so popular he
had to appear in every performance, even Biblical
dramas, to satisfy public demand, and as an actor
he was seriously confpared to the greatest living
actors of the day — Edmund and Keene. In fact,
not only in England but in nearly all Asiatic and
European countries. Punch, in one form or an-
other, is the national puppet hero, and in each
country his characteristics — greedy braggart — are
the same. Throughout its history we find the
hand puppet theatre the voice of the common peo-
ple, and Punch their greatest spokesman. Easy to
transport, the hand puppet theatre quickly drew a
crowd when set up on the street corner and was
the newspaper of the times, for the puppets not

SOMETHING ABOUT MARIONETTES AND THEIR HISTORY

193

only reflected the life and customs of the period,
but also influenced and shaped pubhc opinion.
Punch was in turn commentator as well as agi-
tator on important religious and political questions
of the day.

Although the mechanics of manipulating hand
puppets seem to encourage slap-stick methods of
expression, that is not true of all hand puppets.
The French writer, George Sand, established a
complete puppet theatre in her home. Her son
carved the heads, and she costumed the figures.
Over a period of 25 years they presented a series
of parodies and satires on popular authors of the
period. The puppets have been preserved and are
occasionally placed on exhibition at Nohant,
France.

Writers of other periods knew and like the pup-
pets. Shakespeare mentioned them repeatedly,
and on one occasion makes Hamlet wish to be
the speaker on a marionette stage. Ben Johnson,
Addison and Steele, Swift and Pepys refer to
puppets and shows they saw. Maurice Materlinck
wrote some beautiful marionette plays. Cyrano
de Bergerac stabbed and killed a famous ape,
"Fagotin" who appeared in a puppet show, be-
cause he thought the ape was making fun of his
nose! Samuel Johnson thought the marionettes
played much better than living actors, and coming
to our modern writers, George Bernard Shaw de-
clares himself a champion of the puppets.

Musical geniuses, too, have written for the
miniature actors. Joseph Haydn had his own
marionette theatre,
and wrote a number
of operettas for the
puppets, as well as
his familiar "Toy
Symphony."

The greatest poem
in the German lan-
guage, which has
since become a well-
loved opera, was in-
spired by mario-
nettes. As children,

Si and his wife discuss
the dairying situation
in "Down on the Farm,"
created for New York
State Milk Campaign.

Goethe and his sister were given a marionette
theatre for Christmas by their grandfather, and
having written for and loved the puppets from
childhood, Goethe drew his inspiration for "Faust"
from seeing a marionette performance of an old
German legend on which the plot was based.

The 1 8th Century might well be called the
"Golden Age" of marionettes, for it was then that
they reached their greatest popularity and played
a considerable part in the public life of all civilized
countries. At this time marionette showmen be-
came so numerous as a class that they were form-
ed into a guild, with their own special regulations
and customs. One peculiar rule was that none of
the play texts should be written, but everything,
even the prompter's stage directions, had to be
memorized. This custom, in part, has survived
today, and most professional marionette com-
panies memorize the lines of a play, and do not,
as many people suppose, read the lines while
working the puppets, which would be a task re-
quiring the physical agility of an octopus and the
mental agility of a Dorothy Parker. Some com-
panies do have one group to manipulate the pup-
pets, while another group reads the lines, but it is
felt that this method is not as satisfactory as
when the lines are memorized by the manipulator.

Strangely enough, at this time the church, espe-
cially in England and France, was very severe in
its war against the legitimate theatre, but the pup-
pets seem to have been in some way overlooked,
(Continued on !>agc 224)

Courtesy Flank and Elisabeth Haines

The Boy Scout

'Get a hobby, acquire
skill in its exercise,
and ride it hard."

ind His Hobbies

R. A. Barry

PROBABLY there are few normal, wide-awake
boys who are not hobbyists after their own
fashion. A boy will collect anything and
everything from snakes to postage stamps, dab-
ble in anything or everything from whittling to
soap sculpture, spend endless time and effort on
whatever the craze of the moment is, whether it
is making devious jig-saw puzzles, daubing with
paint or fabricating gliders. So long as the appeal
holds he will ride any hobby horse tirelessly and
enthusiastically until it is supplanted by a new
interest.

Scouting, recognizing this universal boy pro-
clivity, utilizes it and directs it to constructive
ends, offers a wide range of possible hobbies from
which individual Scouts or group of Scouts may
choose the project which fits their tastes capacity
and natural aptitudes. Such hobbies are suggested
or encouraged as will have more than a transient
value and offer ever increasing depth and breadth
of interest, will lead on and on, instead of coming
to a dead end, and will become a permanent en-
richment of the boy's life, instead of a passing
fancy.

As everybody knows a new hobby may get you
under its spell at any hour or day. There is no
closed season for hobbies. But for the Boy Scout
perhaps the happiest hunting ground in this field
is his summer camp. In camp hobbies are both
literally and figuratively in the air and under foot.

Bugs or butterflies may catch and hold the em-
bryo naturalist-collector's interest. A talk on leaf
shape and veining may set more than one young-
ster to experimenting with leaf moulds in plaster
or blue prints, both of which lead to engrossing

194

new kinds of craft, aside from the heightened
powers of observation of nature's laboratory and
design. A wild flower hike may turn attention
happily and instructively toward pressed flower
collections and on to botany, including a new zeal
for conservation of natural beauty. The romance
of star study by flashlight may go not only to the
production of constellation maps, but farther still,
to the science and fascination of astronomy itself.
Magnifying glasses and telescopes have their en-
during magic for many a boy who has hitherto
been more interested in sling shots and jack-
knives.

A Patrol on a hike with a leader who "knows
his stuff" may find, if not actually "sermons" in
stones, a tremendous new interest in the history
of this old world which may take the boys to
libraries when vacation is over to find out rnore
of what lies behind an apparently insignificant
boulder, start the habit of mineral or rock
collection.

Hobbies are quite frequently unexpectedly born
on hikes. A bird hike may inspire more than one
boy to the closer observation of feathered friends
and that may start him on record keeping or more
impressive still, to "stalking," that most intriguing
and challenging form of hunting which is done
with camera instead of gun, which leads to the
dual hobby of photography, plus nature study.
Often, too, it leads still farther to the advantage
of both birds and boys. Interest in bird feeding
stations conducted as a winter Good Turn is de-
veloped, and birdhouse building becomes a Patrol
project or a hobby for an individual Scout who
fancies carpentry with a purpose.

THE BOY SCOUT AND HIS HOBBIES

195

The winter camp or hike also offers priceless
opportunity for the wild life hobbyist. It is a
thrilling experience to come upon a clear, reveal-
ing imprint of shy creatures who have passed by
in the night, going about their secret business
■ while Boy Scouts slept snug and warm rolled in
blankets. Observation and deduction are involved
in this kind of trailing, and it is an exciting Sher-
lock Holmes sort of adventure to make a careful,
precise plaster cast of the footprints of a fox or
partridge, to be later moulded in plasteline for a
permanent record placed in the Troop museum or
used for useful and decorative purposes on book
ends or paper weights.

Every boy loves to whittle and Scouts are no
exception. Wood work of all sorts lends itself
easily to hobby impetus. Boy Scouts carve every-
thing from peach stone Patrol emblems to elabo-
rate totem poles in which the Troop history and
tradition may find permanent, significant form or
deep delving into Indian lore in pursuit of suitable
smybols may give rise to another study and hobby,
whet an interest which the making of Indian war
bonnets, designing bead work or fashioning mo-
cassins and axe pouches may have already set in
progress.

Whether it is a bird house or a "katchina," an
art stone vase or a leather first aid kit, a raffia
fish basket or a ship model which holds the young
hobbyist's enthusiasm at the minute, he is en-
couraged to put into it his best efforts. The Scout
is impressed with the fact that whatever is worth
doing at all is worth doing well and that Scout
workmanship should be at all times thorough,
careful, sincere, "exact," done upon honor. Scout
fashion, nothing slipshod or half-hearted about it,
since the product is to be a permanent thing of use
or beauty, or probably both. He is also encouraged
to make his hobby project whatever it may hap-
pen to be, an expression of his own taste, in-
ventiveness and personality.
A hobby is a highly individ-
ual thing and even the ar-
rangement of postage stamps
in an album or the moulding
of a cast may be an indica-
tion of character and poten-
tial abilities and bents.

No one who is a genuine
devotee of any hobby will be
content to be merely a dab-
bler in the subject. He wants
to know what is behind it all.

"In the good life craftsmanship is the
necessary complement of the fine arts.
In the fine arts one learns to give form
and limit to the world of dreams. In the
practical arts, one learns to get rid of
dreams in dealing with the physical stuff
of life. One learns that a fine idea is
nothing until with slow patience and ex-
periment one has somehow bent the in-
nate cussedness of metal, and fabric,
and wood, and paper and paint to its
realization." — Mat'jorie BtttstowGteen-
bie in The Atts of Leisure.

the theory as well as the practice of the art or
craft involved, the story of what experts have
done in the field of the interest which he is pursu-
ing as a halting but eager amateur. In this con-
nection the Boy Scouts of America has developed
its "Merit Badge Library," a series of pamphlets
dealing interestingly and accurately with each of
the more than a hundred subjects offered as
Scout electives, the Merit Badges for which they
may qualify after hard work, intensive study and
practice and rigorous tests by experts.

The Merit Badge Program gives Scouts a wide
choice of worthwhile hobbies from which each
may make his selection. In his Merit Badge work
a boy not only delves rather deep into a number of
arts, crafts, sports, sciences and interesting activ-
ity projects to his advantage. He also gets an op-
portunity to discover himself, find out what he
can do best and is most interested in doing, not as
a casual experiment but as a permanent interest
and objective of study and practice.

The Merit Badge covers an enormous field, in-
cluding as it does such diverse subjects as avia-
tion and bee keeping, basketry, pottery, stamp col-
lecting, archery, weather, printing, dramatics,
pioneering, chemistry, forestry, wood carving,
gardening, radio and so on. Here is plenty for
any hobbyist, something to suit all tastes. A Scout
training for a Merit Badge test may mean finding
a life long interest, an avocation which will be
valuable recreation for off hours as long as he
lives. He may also, whether he knows it or not,
be finding his life work or the open sesame to a
great and unexpected adventure and opportunity.
It was as an all round trained Scout that Ad-
miral Byrd selected young Paul Siple, Sea Scout
and Eagle, among many candidates for his earlier
polar expedition, and Paul and four other Eagle
Scouts are with the Admiral now in Little
America. Another Eagle Scout, Hugh S. Davis,
had the luck to be chosen to
accompany the Martin John-
sons recently to Africa, on a
"Big Game Trek." Davis,
who became a Scout the min-
ute he was within the twelve
year old minimum age limit,
developed in the course of
his years of Scout training
two contrasting major hob-
bies, photography and zool-
ogy, and it was on the
(Continued on Page 226)

Playing Indian With a Purpose

EVERYONE is interested in the
Indians who were the fore-
runners of modern civiliza-
tion and roamed the forest and glen with silent
tread and watchful eye long before the white man
set foot on what is now called America. They are
the fascinating enigmas from the dim and remote
past. The pitiful remnant of red men herded into
the reservations is no more representative of the
original Americans than are the present-day no-
madic peoples who occupy Egypt like the highly
intelligent Pharaohs of centuries before. It is in-
deed ironic that so much more is known about the
Egyptians, Babylonians, Sumerians and other
ancient peoples than has been learned about the
customs of our real Americans.

The early white settlers aroused bitter hostility
on the part of the Indians by their unfair tactics,
land grabbing, dishonest trading and other prac-
tices. What remained of the traditions of the In-
dian in the form of mounds, village cites and
relics was promptly plundered and despoiled.
Many boxes of priceless relics were stored in
dusty attics with little or no hope of linking them
to any historical significance. It is no wonder
that under this treatment the Indians who sur-
vived remained mute, stoic, and reluctant to im-
part their lore to the white man. Indianology has
died out with the decline of generations since the
landing of Columbus.

New Interest Evidenced

Now at last, at the eleventh hour, the nation
and states are determined to learn everything pos-
sible before it is too late. In Pennsylvania, for
example, an organization has been launched for
the purpose of arousing people to action in the
study of Indian lore and in preserving from de-
spoilers the last vestige of mounds, sites and
burial places. Some systematic
work is going on in North,
South and Central America by
Foundations which are at last
bringing to life the hidden
secrets of antiquity.

What can a local community
do? In answering this question

196

By John H. Kreher

Albany, New York

The material in this article has
been taken from a book being pre-
pared by Mr. Kreher. It is the
author's hope that enough has been
presented to arouse many workers
with youth not only to play Indian
but to play it with a purpose!

we refer to Aliquippa, Pennsyl-
vania, where interest, research
and action have been so ably ex-
emplified by the children of this Ohio River steel
town named after an Indian queen and located in
a richly historic area. Here the schools cooperated
splendidly. The children became intensely inter-
ested, with the grades studying various phases of
Indian lore and adopting certain branches of
crafts. Thus weaving, pottery, bead work, and
the construction of Indian dwellings have been
pursued with interest and satisfaction. The older
boys laid the foundation for an historic museum
in the fine local library building where glass show
cases held the exhibits and displays all attractively
labeled and oflfering explanations gleaned from
information obtained from authoritative sources.
A museum of this type will undoubtedly arouse
the interest of older people and may result in
stored, forgotten relics coming to light for study
and display.

There Must Be a Purpose

"Playing Indian" too often consists of care-
lessly thrown-together programs lacking purpose,
plan or objective. Many times they are planned so
hurriedly as to border on the ludicrous, with chil-
dren whooping, yelling, hopping around in a cir-
cle and getting nowhere.

In contrast let lis set a purpose — an objective
based upon study, educational values and genuine
enthusiasm ; let us have everything done in as
nearly an authentic way as possible with well-made
craft projects to supplement the rituals, ceremon-
ials, dances and plays.

The Procedure. It is a fallacy to suppose that

only real Indians can teach Indian lore. Anyone

with imagination, the love and thrill of adventure.

and romance, may find a place for himself in the

Indian lore program. The leader

must necessarily read up on his

subject, trying to look at the

world through the eyes of the

Indian and seeking to inspire

his group with his own spirit of

enthusiasm and delight in the

subject. He should visit mu-

PLAYING INDIAN WITH A PURPOSE

.197

seums wherever possible and
learn all he can, making the
information available to the
group, modifying it to meet
their ability, considering such
problems as the availability
of materials, and at the same
time arranging his program
to cover a considerable per-
iod, always keeping at least
one more trick "up his
sleeve."

This is not as difficult as
it may seem. While there are
not many books available,
there are nevertheless enough

A FEW HINTS TO THE LEADER

Be well prepared. Be enthusiastic.
Read up on the subject.

Set an objective. Don't hurry. Keep
the children constantly striving to at-
tain a higher degree of excellence.

Fit the program to the group.

Buy little, make much. Whatever is
done should be v/ell done, unhurried and
an object of pride.

Inject into your work the idealism, rev-
erence and moral values of the Indian.

Keep the group posted on research.
Arrange visits to museums and historic
sites. Learn all you can about Indians.

Arrange for an Indian camp during
the summer for a week or more.

adapted themselves to the
terrific elements, hunted ani-
mals for food and clothing,
raised their crops, wove cloth-
ing, fashioned tools and
weapons, and made fire with-
out matches. Their skill, pa-
tience and ability to carry on
under every adverse circum-
stance are the marvel of the
ages. Any one of us living
in the present day would find
himself in a sorry plight in-
deed if he were suddenly cast
into a setting such as the In-
dian knew and made to shift

with which to proceed for a

long time. With the increasing fascination of the
hobby, the leader's imagination and initiative will
do the rest, as time goes on, in supplying plenty of
material and motives for group activities.

Adapting the Program

It is very important that the program shall not
be too difficult or too far over the heads of the
group. Fortunately Indian lore can be modified
to suit the age group, from simple activities and
crafts to the more intensive work for older boys
and girls, up to the more skilled activities of the
late adolescents and sometimes beyond that.

A good slogan in Indian lore is Simplify, Clar-
ify, Modify. There is no harm in such modifica-
tions as one cares to make for tlie simple reason
that initiative must supply what antiquity has
failed to provide or what might be impossible to
reproduce because of vagueness, uncertainty of in-
terpretation and similar reasons. There is no
harm in producing a mask by some modern and
simpler method than that of the Indian which in-
volved carving it on a living tree trunk and later
felling it. After all it is the spirit with which a
project is pursued that counts most.

Through study we learn of the many beautiful
customs which were practiced by these primitive
people and of their ideals — their courage pa-
tience, determination, endurance, skill, reverence
for elders, tribal fidelity, and religion. Our own
objectives cannot fail to be enhanced by the per-
petuation of the Indian's best traditions.

We moderns so surrounded by every comfort
and convenience that we are likely to accept them
as a matter of course can find further inspiration
from a study of this vanished race ; how they

for himself. The more we
study, therefore, the Indian's way the more fas-
cinated we become.

Playground and Camp Objectives

The introduction of the Indian lore into the
playground and camp program will be worth all
the time and energy expended, and the entire
scheme of recreation will benefit from it. In the
closing exercises of the playgrounds there might
well be a colorful pageant of Indian lore prepared
for during the summer.

The writer has trained groups during the year
with several weeks in a summer camp as an ob-
jective. Here the children set up an Indian vil-
lage with teepees and other paraphernalia made
during the cool months preceding the opening of
camp. Teepees up and council ring ready, they
carried on not as they do in steam heated camps
but in the ways of the \\ innebago or Siotix In-
dian. And what thrills and satisfactions were in-
volved !

Getting to Work

Some leaders spend a great deal of time on
ground work with a program of story-telling,
simple crafts, trips and hikes. Others have an
orderly, methodical plan of progression with de-
grees, coups for achievement and awards at coun-
cil fires. Much help may be obtained by studying
the program of the Camp Fire Girls, Woodcraft
League, Boy Rangers and other youth programs
that feature some Indian lore.

Many leaders use classifications such as pale-
face, papoose, hunter, brave, warrior, sachem,
grand sachem, minisino, etc. Other leaders have
the children qualify as medicine men, chiefs, tom-

198

PLAYING INDIAN WITH A PURPOSE

torn beaters, wampum keepers, fire tenders, and
runners. Gradually the leader works out some
sort of a set program, but the main idea is to get
started and to have the group become "Indian-
minded."

Projects

The list of projects is a long one, and it is pos-
sible here to suggest only a few.

History — maps showing location of tribes,
drawings ; trips to historic places, mounds, coun-
cil places, etc. ; study of local history, legends ;
Indian games, lacrosse, shinny, I-ou-tin, etc. ;
system of degrees, awards; dance steps, music;
ceremonials, festivals, rituals ; plays, pantomimes ;
council ring, totems; Indian village; tracking,
trailing; sign and symbol language; pictographs;
fire making, cookery ; study of herbs, etc. ; nature
lore, folk lore, traditional tribal stories ; trailing ;
all night lone fire vigil ; smoke signals.

Variety of Craft Projects

Among handcraft articles appropriate to the
program are the following:

Shields

Rattles

Head ornaments

Arm ornaments

Feather work

Coup stick

Masks

Clothing

Belts

Moccasins

Beaded work

Medicine bags

Utility bags

Teepees, shelters

Model dwellings

Wigs

Model canoes

Paddles

Prayer sticks

Bows

Arrows

Quiver

Totems

Tom-tom

War clu'bs

Tomahawks

■ Beads
Claws
Necklaces
Spears

Snow snakes
Pottery
Calumets
Dancing bells
Council ring
Whittling
Basketry

There is an almost end-

A few of the many Ind
be made on playgrounds

less variety of projects to be made in the realm
of Indian craftsmanship. Much salvaged material
is to be had for the finding or asking, such as
material found in nature — shells, vines, bark,
grasses, flint, stones for clubs and natural paint.
In fact, the Indian had to find everything; but
cheese boxes or jelly tubs make good tom-tom
shells in lieu of hollow basswood trees ; evaporat-
ed milk or baking powder cans are splendid for
rattles, as are barrel hoops for shields. Feathers
may be procured from farmers or butchers. The
five and ten cent stores have many trinkets that
are wonderful additions to the craft projects —
beads, small mirrors, narrow ribbon for head-
dress. Look about you and you cannot fail to dis-
cover something that can be salvaged for use in
Indian crafts.

Making Buckskin. Real smoke-tanned buckskin
is scarce and very expensive but substitutes are
available. Here is the method of imitating real
buck which the author has found most successful :
Secure ten yards of outing flannel at lo cents a
yard in the. five and ten cent store. Mix a pound
of wallpaper paste in a tub full of water and add
a little dry yellow ochre paint pigment, which is
very cheap, to the solution. Thoroughly immerse
the flannel. Hang it up saturated and allow it to
dry, carefully scraping oflf excess paste that may
clot here and there. If the paste is thoroughly
dissolved in the water, you should have no dif-
ficulty. This material is useful for covering
shields, making head bands
and for use in many ways.

Ian crafts which may (Conthmed on J'agc 227)

and at summer camps

"Boys and Girls Together"

By Elizabeth Kemper Adams

NOT ONLY on the sidewalks of New York but
all over the country, boys and girls are
playing together. Yet there is still an ap-
palling dearth of satisfying and adequate recrea-
tion for the older group of young people from
sixteen or eighteen to twenty-four years of age.

The depression has borne with particular hard-
ship upon this group. Most of them are out of
school or college and large numbers of them are
unemployed — in fact, many have never been em-
ployed. With so many experienced workmen who
are heads of families eager for jobs, it is no won-
der that the single and inexperienced are passed
over.

Recreation for Older Boys and Girls
Most of the organized recreation for boys and
girls is designed for younger groups. Boy Scouts,
Girl Scouts, Campfire Girls, the programs of the
Young Men's and Young Women's Christian .^.s-
sociations (although these deal also with the ages
in question), youth clubs of various kinds, and
the. schools all cater to boys and girls from ten or
twelve to sixteen. And their task is much simpler,
since these youngsters just emerging from child-
hood are at the stage when they naturally form
gangs and clubs of their own sex and thirst for
adventure and a chance to use their hands and
brains in projects of their own devising.

Recreation for the older
group is a much more dif-
ficult thing to organize and
handle. These young people
out of school look upon them-
selves as grown up ; they
often are grown up. They re-
sent interference and super-
vision and prefer to choose
their own amusements, too
often socially and morally
destructive. Many of them
are casuals of the land, wan-
dering about as transients, as
Thomas Minehan has shown

"The Federal Department of Labor esti-
mates that about 3,000,000 young peo-
ple between the ages of 18 and 25 are
out of school, unmarried, and unem-
ployed. Sample studies in various states
and cities indicate that the rate of un-
employment in this group is markedly
higher than in the population as a whole.
In Massachusetts in 1934, 35 percent of
those between 1 8 and 25 were unem-
ployed against 25 percent of all ages; in
Pennsylvania, 42 percent against 28 per-
cent; in Springfield, Ohio, 39 percent
against 22 percent. In Milwaukee, 75
percent of the high school graduates of
1 933 were unemployed six months later."

in his Boy and Girl Tramps of America.
The Civilian Conservation Corps camps per-
haps point the way to a joint program of work,
education, and recreation for these older young
people. Government grants to college students
and to junior colleges are designed for their bene-
fit. But their plight is arousing widespread pub-
lic concern and current magazines are full of
articles dealing with them and their difficulties.
The San Diego Exposition is dedicated to Youth
and its outlook. Just now the Government is con-
sidering a large-scale program for them to be paid
for from the new work relief funds.

Proposed Government Action

In response to a Congressional resolution of-
fered by Senator Walsh of Massachusetts asking
what is being done to aid young people of these
years to secure employment, the Secretary of
Labor issued a letter in April, 1935, supplying
available information and outlining a work-edu-
cation-recreation program calling for an expendi-
ture of $96,000,000 and to be administered by a
new Junior Work and Emergency Education Di-
vision in the Work Relief Authority, with a co-
ordinating advisory agency representing the Chil-
dren's Bureau and the Employment Service of
the Department of Labor, the Office of Education
of the I^epartment of the Interior, and other rele-
vant agencies, public and
private.

This ambitious plan calls
for state and local adminis-
tration and federal organiza-
tion and supervision. It pro-
vides an allotment of $15 a
month for six months to
young people for employ-
ment in local projects involv-
ing work, training, and fruit-
ful use of leisure time. It
suggests the expansion of the
Junior Employment Service
in cooperation with school

199

200

"BOYS AND GIRLS TOGETHER"

Courtesy Girl Scouts^ Incorporated

The problem of
boys or girls i

and community
placement offices,
an extension of the
Federal Committee
on Apprentice
Training, a further
development of C.
C.C. camps, with in-
creased provision
for education and
guidance and closer
relations with com-
munity agencies,
and the setting up
of one or two ex-
perimental camps
on the model of the
Fort Eustis Camp
of the Transient Service. It
favors the continuation of
aid to college students and
junior colleges and educa-
tional assistance to the extent of $2.00 a week to
boys and girls of sixteen and seventeen.

The Federal Office of Education also issued on
April 26, 1935, a similar plan for a nation-wide
community youth program, whereby public
schools would serve as local adjustment and guid-
ance centers and local projects be worked out pro-
viding young men and young women with at least
42 hours a week of work, education, and recrea-
tion, with a maximum grant of $20 a month as
wage or scholarship. This plan lists a wide range
of possible jobs for young people as helpers or
internes in public or quasi-public agencies, ap-
prentices on farms, etc., and provides for a Fed-
eral Advisory Council for Youth, with represen-
tatives of the Government agencies concerned, the
public, and young people themselves.

A Challenge to Organizations for Youth
Whether these large programs will be author-
ized and launched, and just how the two plans will
be reconciled remain to be seen. But they show
the scope and seriousness of the problem of older
youth today and the necessity of concerted and
national planning. To public and private agencies
dealing with recreation and the maintenance of
morale among young people they jjresent a chal-
lenge to clearer and more far-flung thought and
action. .Above all, they bring home the fact that
too discouraged or reckless young people, who feel
beaten by life before they have had a chance to

recreation for younger
s not a difficult one

live, recreation
must include far
more than games,
hikes, and parties;
must, in fact, be an
integrated scheme
for putting them on
their feet and giv-
ing them some sense
of a fairly stable
and meaningful ex-
istence.

Meanwhile, there
is much to learn
from recent studies
of recreation, such
as the "Leisure of
5,000 People."made
by the National Recreation
Association in 1933, and
Youth Today, made by nine
national youth organiza-
tions in 1034, and from the experiences of schools
and organizations for young people, both in this
country and abroad.

All the programs for younger boys and girls
have been forced to consider those who have gone
out from their membership or who have lingered
along after they became sixteen, seventeen, even
eighteen or older. Such young people often cling
to a juvenile program from a sheer sense of in-
adequacy for the plunge into the grown up world
and a hesitation in entering upon social relations
with the other sex. The organizations which
vaunt the hold they keep upon their older mem-
bers need to ask themselves seriously whether
they are not abetting a permanent prolongation
of adolescence.

What Is -Being Done?

Most organizations, however, are facing the
problem of the older boy and girl and striving to
meet it. In England, where folk dancing is almost
a national institution and where the Boy Scouts
and the Girl Guides are under a single head, al-
though separate in administration, folk dancing
among the two groups is a popular and growing
practice. Week-end parties for this purpose have
been successfully carried out. In this country, the
Girl Scouts, with whom the writer is especially
familiar, have been encouraging boy-and-girl ac-
tivities among their older members, as well as

-BOYS AND GIRLS TOGETHER"

201

many undertakings for parents and other older
people and for the community as a whole.

A recent publication of the Girl Scouts (April,
1935) deals with the Interests and Activities of
Older Girl Scouts. Replies from a questionnaire
sent to 349 older girls in the organization show
that although nearly all of them liked informal
parties and "dates" with boys, only sixty-one said
that their troop activities included parties and
other forms of recreation in which 'boys partici-
rpated. Reports from Girl Scout Local Councils
(sponsoring groups of adults) make a somewhat
better showing. Of 128 Councils, 71 reported that
they had boy and girl activities. Of 75 Local
Councils in small communities, 27 reported such
activities.

Instances are cited : Orlando, Florida, has a
folk dance club of Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts,
which meets twice a month in the American
Legion Hall and is very popular. In Milwaukee.
the Boy Scouts and the Girl Scouts had a party
and exchanged gifts. In Los Angeles, Boy Scouts
and Girl Scouts served as ushers at the Twelfth
Annual Extemporaneous Oratory Contest spon-
sored by the Evening Herald and Express. In
Elizabeth, New Jersey, Girl Scouts helped Boy
Scouts to recondition toys
for Christmas, repainting

and dressing dolls. The Providing leisure time

boys and girls together

Elizabeth Garden Club is sponsoring a contest in
tent caterpillar extermination among Boy Scouts
and Girl Scouts. In Evanston, Illinois, Girl
Scouts have been asked to share in a Boy Scout
project of planting berry-bearing shrubs in the
parks and along roadsides. These Scouts lend the
girls their camp for a month every summer. In
Canton, Illinois, where a husband is scoutmaster
and his wife the Girl Scout troop leader, joint
skating parties have been much enjoyed. Girl
Scouts often usher at Boy Scout entertainments
and vice versa. In this country, the two organi-
zations are entirely independent, but there is con-
siderable local friendliness.

At the annual Eastern States Exposition in
Springfield, Massachusetts, boys and girls of
various organizations — Scouts, 4-H Clubs, Junior
Achievement Clubs — put on demonstrations of
carding, spinning, and weaving wool, hammering
silver, dipping bayberry candles, and carrying on
other pioneer processes. They also act as guides
and furnish music.

Modern high schools are doing much to en-
courage friendly intercourse among boys and
girls and to provide wholesome interests for lei-
sure time that will prove a lifelong resource.
Chief among these are
school dramatics, choruses,
activities for older ^"d orchestras.

IS a harder problem

Courtesy Westchester Workshop

202

"BOYS AND GIRLS TOGETHER'

Both schools and youth organizations have had
a large part in promoting an interest in outdoor
life, nature, hiking and camping. In many places,
boys and girls have shared in the construction
and maintenance of a hiking shelter and carry on
together many delightful outings and excursions.
Progressive coeducational camps for younger
boys and girls also lay a foundation for outdoor
skills and pleasures and wholesome cooperation
that will last into adolescence and maturity.

The widespread interest in winter sports is also
bringing older young people together for week-
end and holiday skiing,
toboganning, and skat-
ing. Here, the new de-
velopment of youth
hostels — long familiar
in Europe — is playing a
leading part. The
American Youth Hos-
tel Association, with
headquarters in East
Northfield, Massachu-
setts, is establishing an
experimental chain of
hostels located at inter-
vals throughout New
Hampshire and Ver-
mont, with others in
Massachusetts and Con-
necticut. Mount Holy-
oke College is opening
the Mary E. Woolley
Youth Hostel. At the
pioneer hostel in East
Northfield, opened on
December 27, 1934,
1,100 boys and girls,

high school and college students, have stayed from
one to three nights. Much interest has been re-
ported in this experiment designed to help meet
the desire of youth for new sights and new ex-
periences. Educators, youth leaders and others
are watching the development of this "facility for
travel," as those sponsoring the movement term it.

Expenses are being kept at a minimum at these
informal hostels. While rules are not burdensome
certain requirements are, of course, made. Some
of them, as stated, are that nobody may stay over
three nights, and travelers must bring their own
sleeping equipment and cook their own food, all
of the simplest. Hostels must be chartered and

Courtesy Ctrl S^^outs, Incorporated

travelers must provide themselves with a hostel
pass at a cost of twenty-five cents a night.

Interest in sailing a boat is something that also
draws boys and girls together. The Girl Scouts
have recently worked out a Mariner Program for
older girls who live near the sea or other large
body of water. A party of older Girl Scouts from
Springfield, Massachusetts, has chartered for a
summer cruise the schooner Yankee, just returned
from a trip around the world. There is no reason
why Sea Scouts and Alariners should not plan
sailing trips together.

The activities of the
E. R. A. in promoting
group music and dra-
matics have incalculable
possibilities. Young
people will flock to a
chorus or orchestra and
work with absorption
together in getting up a
])lay, constructing scen-
ery and costumes, de-
vising lighting effects,
and so on. A common
interest in any art —
playing an instrument,
designing and sketch-
ing, photography, will
draw many a boy and
girl together.

A project that needs
to be tried out more
fully is that of com-
munity workshops for
}oung people, especially
in smaller places. The
experience of a Girl
Scout camp in Rhode Island shows what may be
done. An old craftsman, a man of many skills,
was in charge of the camp workshop, and the
girls under his directibn, visited old houses and
made reproductions of old latches, hinges, and so
on in wrought iron and reflector lamps, candle-
sticks, and other articles. of tin, as well as work-
ing on other traditional crafts. In almost any
village — at least in the older parts of the country
— there are these old workmen and w'orkwomen,
who are able to leach not only a craft but also the
history and traditions of the local past. And what
a boon for them to be employed. With such re-
sources, there is no need for boys and girls to
waste their time on gift shop trumpery.
(Continued on page 228)

Chicago Makes Her Preparations

for the

Ul<lc World Photos, Inc.

Chicago's Recreation Mayor

TiiK si-XOND Recreation Congress to be held in
Chicago will convene on the 30th of next
September. Proud of its new field houses,
the city invited the National Recreation Associa-
tion to hold the 1907 Congress in the city, at the
beginning of the municipal recreation program in
the park systems. The community small park was
a new idea at that time ; its service to the people
of the city was just getting under way ; local en-
thusiasm over the innovation was at its height, and
representatives of other cities were interested in
studying the outcome of Chicago's experiments.
The fieldhouses at that time numbered ten in the
South Park System, and under the direction of
E. B. DeGroot they had established themselves as
new factors in the life of their neighboring com-
munities. There were playgrounds for old and
young, swimming pools and skating areas, athletic
fields and gymnasiums — indoors and out — sur-
rounded by landscaped borders, proving that

Recreation Congress

By V. K. Brown

Chief of the Recreation Division
Chicago Park District

places for vigorous activity might still be kept
sightly and constitute adornment to the city and
a suitable part of a beautiful park system.

The Old and the New

Speaking for Chicago, Mayor Edward J. Kelly
invited the 1935 Recreation Congress to the city,
because changes have taken place quite as new
in their way as were those presented to the in-
spection of the earlier convention. The original
ten fieldhouses, in the now unified metropolitan
park system have come to number 90 buildings,
operating in the service of the people of the city,
in the Park District alone. Adjoining public schools,
and serving both the school children and the
neighborhoods where they are located, the Board
of Education now maintains 61 school play-
grounds, many equipped with their own special
shelter buildings. Under the city government pro-
per, operated through the Bureau of Parks, Play-
grounds, Bathing Beaches and Airports, are 39
neighborhood play centers, ranging from small
playgrounds in densely populated districts to large
sized athletic fields. Circling the city there are
close to 60 square miles of natural forest preserve,
operated by the Forest Preserve District of Cook
County, as a woodland place of resort, inviting
the people of the city to visit and enjoy not only
the native landscape of the region but also pre-
pared pleasure grounds — camp sites, picnic groves,
swimming pools, and golf courses.

203

204

CHICAGO MAKES HER PREPARATIONS FOR THE CONGRESS

The Mayor invited the Congress to come back
and see the growth of thirty years in a city made
conscious of the value of an adequate recreation
plant and equipment. The Congress was invited
also to bring its selected group of specialist coun-
selors into the center of this physical set of prop-
erties, to consider, together with the local plan-
ners of Chicago's services to leisure, the means of
adapting both plant and program to the new needs
which are emerging, and require new adaptations
of the service.

Mayor Kelly was himself President of the
Board of South Park Commissioners during thir-
teen critical years of expansion in that system be-
fore consolidation. He saw through to at least its
initial stages of completion the filling in of the
lake front, the increasing of park acreage op-
posite the heart of the city, and the provision of
a publicly owned strip of shore land from Jack-
son Park for six miles northward to the center of
Chicago. The Stadium — since christened Soldier
Field — was built as a modern metropolitan town
hall during his presidency of the Park Board. The
Shedd Aquarium and the Adler Planetarium were
donated by private citizens to the newly develop-
ing civic center in Grant Park, and the Bucking-
ham Memorial Fountain, electrically illuminated,
was presented to the Park Board while he held
that chair. A bond issue was approved by the
voters restoring in stone the temporary structure
which housed the Fine Arts Exhibit of the
World's Fair of 1893, to take permanent place
among the great institutions of the city as the
Rosenwald Museum of Science and Industry —
the gift of Julius Rosenwald to Chicago in its
museum features and in part as to the building
itself, supplementing by private philanthropy the
public contribution to the building restoration
proper.

In all of this development the thought of serv-
ice to the recreational and cultural needs of the
city had been dominant, and paralleling these ma-
jor improvements the con-
tinuing development of new
small parks went forward
with additional fieldhouses
built and put into service, as
aflfording more intimate bene-
fits to the masses of the peo-
ple. Mayor Kelly had seen
changes take place in the type
of program operated in the
parks and on the playgrounds

In 1907 Chicago was host to the first
Recreation Congress to be held — one of
the history-making events in the recrea-
tion movement. And now Chicago in-
vites the Twenty-first Recreation Con-
gress to enjoy its hospitality and see
the changes which have taken place in
twenty-eight years. V. K. Brown, who
for years was associated with the Chi-
cago South Park System, tells us of
some of the changes and innovations.

of the system — -the introduction of more of de-
mocracy among self-taught and self-sustaining
groups, with less emphasis upon teaching, and
more of emphasis on independent experimenting
among the group members, and now that universal
leisure presents itself in terms not of the idle
hour, but rather of the idle half day, and our rec-
reational institutions must serve not casual visit-
ors, but whole communities, he voiced not only
his own experience and deep interest in the recre-
ational welfare of his city, but he expressed also
the feeling of the entire city over which he now
presides as Mayor, when he invited a Congress of
the nation's thinkers and students to come this
Autumn to Chicago, look over with us the facili-
ties which we have, and advise with us in our
pioneering in the new service to the spare-time
life of our city.

Chicago Offers Many Advantages
Chicago is, we think, a fortunate choice for
holding a review and stock-taking convention. It
is a rejiresentative industrial city, with the faults,
the advantages and the possibilities implied by
that fact. It is a city which has lately been gal-
vanized into a progressive outlook by the fact
that its Century of Progress Exposition was suc-
cessfully carried through in the darkest days of
the depression. Dramatizing man's triumph over
difficulty, featuring the application of thoughtful
study to immediate problems, reflecting the ac-
complishment of the scientific approach, the Ex-
position could not but be stimulating.

In its second year the Exposition management
approached the municipal governments of Chi-
cago, asking that they contribute exhibits. The
Park Board at the moment was in the process of
taking over and re-organizing the park services.
The exhibit which the new Board installed was of
a demonstration sort, featuring some of the newer
types of recreational hobbies. There were exhibits
of boys working on model airplanes, bird hou.ses
and metal engines; of girls
making their own dolls.
masks, and puppets; of
women quilting, tooling lea-
ther, and engaged in fabric
decoration in various art-
crafts. There was very little
space given to athletics and
sports, but considerable space
devoted to weaving and to
some of the old and new

CHICAGO MAKES HER PREPARATIONS FOR THE CONGRESS

205

IK'I

■^^^.. '>^.

;^%%ta:^:

table games. With con-
solidation of the parks
impending, visitors were

asked to register their names, if interested resi-
dents of Chicago, at any of the booths which at-
tracted them, in order that they might be advised
later when club groups should be formed to un-
dertake such activities in the parks near their
homes.

The tremendous registration which resulted evi-
denced the public's readiness to undertake a new
sort of recreational program. It proved to our
satisfaction that locally, at least, there was a need
of thinking in new terms if we were to meet the
requirements of the new leisure, and when con-
solidation of the parks became a fact, under a
restricted budget — since consolidation had been
approved by the voter as a means of .economy in
public expenditure — we were faced not with a
mere demand that we scale down our costs; we
were confronted, rather, with the absolute neces-
sity of building from the ground up a new organi-
zation, developing a new and much more compre-
hensive program than in the past, on a basis of
expenditure below any point of economy which
the major systems, at least, had ever in the past
approximated.

This did not merely tend toward a gradual re-
vision of program and organization; it demanded
an entirely new program and organization, as a

One of the beautiful sights delegates to the Rec-
reation Congress will see — the Japanese Garden in
Jackson Park, the gift of the Japanese government

matter of absolute ne-
cessity. That program
and organization has
now had almost a year in which to prove or dis-
prove itself. It has shattered all previous attend-
ance records. Under the stimulus of doing a new
and experimental work, the personnel of the or-
ganization has experienced a vitalizing of morale.
Communities have reacted to the newer type of
service in a fresh spirit of adventure, and if it was
true that Chicago had, in 1907, something new in
its fieldhouses to present to the Recreation Con-
gress of that year, the various recreation systems
of the present have also something new to present
to the Congress in 1935. For Chicago, we .be-
lieve, has passed through in a brief period of time
something of a revolution in re-adapting its rec-
reation service to the needs and to the conditions
of the present.

The major part of the program of thirty years
ago was physical action — the dance, and the spirit
of play. No one need apologize for that fact;
working long hours, communities of that day
stood in desperate need of the spirit of play. Peo-
ple from various lands, newly arrived in America,
found a deep spiritual significance in presenting
to the American audiences at that time the charac-
teristic dances of their former home land. Sport,
game, and physical action, now as then, continues
(Continued on page 228)

Schlegel Park — A Gift to Reading

A city receives as a gift
land and an old homestead
where aged residents once
played as little children

IN 1 86 1 Solomon and Mary
Schlegel purchased from the
Peter Strohecker Estate a 51
acre farm. More than seventy
years later their sons Edmund
and Ordmon Schlegel, with their
wives presented to the city for
park, playground and recreational
purposes a part of this tract
amounting to over 23 acres as a
memorial to their parents.

The property was originally
bounded on the east by the Schuyl-
kill River. A beautiful stream abounding with
fish flowed through the center^ of it. The original
homestead was a mecca for many citizens who
walked or rode to the farm to drink the cool
limestone waters and the fresh milk, and to eat
home-made ice cream. Many of the older resi-
dents of the city are happy that this garden spot
known to them in their childhood is now to be a
public park.

The City of Reading in 1916 annexed the terri-
tory to the west of the Schuylkill River, now the
Eighteenth Ward, and this tract was included in
the area, thereby making it possible to become a
park within the city limits.

The park, which is only a five minute ride from
the main business section, will include a spring-
fed pond of about two acres in which children
will be able to sail small boats and which can be
used for skating in winter. Adjacent to the pond
there will be the children's play areas equipped
with play apparatus.

Near the center of the park stands the old
homestead and a fine large stone barn. These will
be converted for use as an administration and

206

This fine old home with all Its traditions
will soon be serving the needs of a new era

storage building and possibly a field house or rec-
reation center where meetings and social gather-
ings can be held.

For Outdoor Recreation

A gentle hillside at one side of the homestead
will lend itself admirably for development as an
outdoor theatre. The other side of the homestead,
which runs up to and includes a knoll, the high
point in the park, will be planted and set aside as
a rest park and for small family picnic purposes.
A high flat area at the extreme north end of the
park will serve adult active recreation needs. Here
a running track, baseball diamond, football grid-
iron and a battery of four tennis courts will
eventually be provided. Automobile parking ac-
commodations will be established in connection
with these facilities and additional parking space
will be available at the park center buildings.

The Reading park authorities are considering
starting the construction work in the near future
so that some of the new facilities will be available
for use during the current year.

How One City Acquired Play Areas

Proving that there are more
ways than one of solving the
problem of more play space!

By Ruth Sherburne

Superintendent of Recreation
Glens Falls, New York

EIGHT YEARS AGO the City of Glens Falls did
not own a single square foot of land dedi-
cated to play purposes. Four of our six
playgrounds, to be sure, were in school yards,
always a satisfactory arrangement if space is ade-
quate and friendly cooperation exists between the
school and recreation departments, as fortunately
is the case here. But the other two centers in the
east section of town where no school sites were
available, were simply unsightly vacant lots upon
which we had merely squatter's rights. Unfor-
tunately, as is frequently the case, this was the
section of the community where need of play
facilities and leadership was the greatest.

The Land Is Found

So we set about remedying the situation, and
in our survey we found a beautiful twenty acre
tract admirably situated to serve a neighborhood
that seemed to be building up rapidly. The nat-
ural contours were excellent for our purposes
and on the lower end was a large quarry pond,
which, though epcceedingly dangerous because of
its depth and precipitous sides, nevertheless added
beauty to the landscape and would be safe for
skating. Quarrying had long since proved un-
profitable, the Board of Health had prohibited the
use of ice cut there, and the division of the
property into building lots was not feasible be-
cause of the cost of blasting
out cellars in a rock ledge ly-
ing only two or three feet be-
low the surface. Nevertheless
the elderly owner of the tract
insisted upon the exhorbitant
price of $11,500.

It was a glorious site for a
playground and a number of
attempts were made, but with-
out success, to get options at

Several city planners have urged that
there is really just as nnuch basis
for requiring the setting aside of land
for parks and playgrounds and open
spaces as there is for setting aside
land for streets when we plan the
newer parts of our cities. Joseph
Lee, comnnenting on these statements,
has said: "In other words, it is just
as important to live as it is to be
able to go from place to place."

a reasonable figure. Finally in 1929 the owner
died and the City Planning Committee of the
Chamber of Commerce, whose chairman happen-
ed to be the Superintendent of Recreation, de-
cided the time had come to buy it. The land was
appraised and the figure given by the bank was
$6,500. Accordingly the committee met in execu-
tive session with the City Council, and a gentle-
men's agreement was made that if the committee
could get title to the property the Council would
place a referendum on the ballot in November,
1929 for the purchase of the land. While this
referendum was not legally necessary, everyone
agreed that it would furnish excellent publicity
and would tend to build up public sentiment for
the playground work.

A Plan for Payment Is Devised

Immediately one of the members of the com-
mittee borrowed $6,500 at the bank and the note
was signed by sixteen of the most prominent
business men of the city. Armed with a check
for this amount, the committee member in charge
visited the attorney of the estate and oflfered him
$6,500 for the entire tract. The transaction was
closed immediately. The endorsers of the note
then had an agreement drawn up by their at-
torney that they would hold this property until
such time as the city took it over at exactly what
they had paid for it plus taxes
and carrying charges. Before
the time for the referendum
came, moreover, they bought
another two acre playground
the same way for $6,000, and
on election day the voters de-
termined, two to one, to ac-
quire both tracts.

The people in the neighbor-
hood of the larger area, which

207

208

HOIV ONE CITY ACQUIRED PLAY AREAS

we call East Playground, were most enthusiastic
over the acquisition of their playground, and from
the very beginning they have done everything pos-
sible to cooperate with the Commission. During
the winter of 1930 the Commission got rid of the
unsightly old ice houses, stone crusher and other
buildings used in the quarry and ice business by
selling them for salvage. But this was not suf-
ficient and early the next spring the people of the
neighborhood planned a great work day and
eighty men and older boys spent not only that en-
tire day but many succeeding Saturday afternoons
picking up, rooting out stumps, grading, seeding
and planting shrubbery they brought from their
own homes. As time has gone on the city has
each year been able] to do more and more toward
the development of the place.
A splendid regulation diamond
and two Softball diamonds
have been laid out. An attrac-
tive little field house has grown
out of the ruins of an old
blacksmith's shop. A brook
that was scarcely more than an
open storm sewer running the
entire width of the property
has been directed into a pipe.
A high fence was erected last
year to protect the dangerous
pond. Important grading has
be accomplished through relief
projects.

In the meantime the people
of the neighborhood have
formed the East Neighbor-
hood Association which now numbers more than
two hundred men and women. Through field
days, card parties and dances they have raised
money for a number of different purposes in con-
nection with the playground — equipping a men's
baseball team, paying play leaders for a month
when the Commission's funds were low, building
on a little kitchen, and this last fall furnishing
the materials for a beautiful chimney and fire-
place in the field house constructed of stone quar-
ried on the place.

More Land Secured

The only unfortunate feature about this beau-
tiful area has been the fact that we have needed
a strip of land 150 feet wide, extending 750 feet
along our eastern boundary line, which cut us oflf
from access to an important thoroughfare. Own-

ing this land would not only give us the needed
right of way and broaden out our field, but would
prevent the possibility of our having, in time, a
row of unsightly garages or sheds bordering our
beautiful play area. From time to time efforts
were made to buy these lots in the same way the
original property had been purchased, but the
owner, realizing we needed them, had held out on
a price so high that; no one would dream of pay-
ing it. Just before Christmas, however, we heard
the property was for sale ; the owner was hard up
and willing to sell at a reasonable price, already
there were other bidders. A friendly real estate
man tipped us off to the situation.

The .Superintendent of Recreation immediately
signed an option personally and then went to the

Courtesy Milwaukee County Regional Planning Department

Fortunate indeed is the city which has within
its linnits, or near at hand, picnic places

Neighborhood Association with the information.
The people in this district are all working men
and women, owners of their little homes and self-
respecting citizens, but many are out of work at
the present time. The $890.00 asked for the
property seemed a large amount to raise, but with-
out hesitation they shouldered the responsibility.
Immediately one member offered to buy the
property outright and let the Association buy it
on a three years contract from him. This ar-
rangement made it possible for the Association to
get better terms than from the original owner.
The Association has already paid $100.00 and the
taxes, and by a series of parties has raised, in the
(Continued on page 229)

Music in a Public Recreation Department

L\ST FAUL a survey of the city's
^ music activities was con-
ducted in Cincinnati, Ohio,
as one part of Work ReHef Pro-
ject No. 31-F5-300 set up by
the Hamilton County Emergency ReHef Admin-
istration under the supervision of the Music De-
partment of the Public Recreation Commission.
The project was designed to give work of a con-
structive nature to unemployed professional musi-
cians in Hamilton County. Other phases of the
project were rehearsals for concerts, free public
concerts, concerts in tax-exempt or tax-supported
institutions, the organization and teaching of lei-
sure-time classes for free group music instruc-
tion of underprivileged citizens, the organization
and direction of recreational music activities, and
the arranging and copying of music.

That there was a real need for such a fact-find-
ing study and that it was of value to the com-
nninity are self-evident. As an example, the Pub-
lic Recreation Commission more than once during
the past few years has felt the need for such in-
formation in the development of its program of
permanent music activities. With the program
definitely committed by the very set-up of the de-
partment to include cultural activities, and with a
constantly shrinking budget during the past three
years, at least, with which to meet ever increasing
demands for service, a number of questions were
constantly arising. "Are we spending what money
we have to the best advantage?" "Are we dupli-
cating the work, if not the function, of some other
agency or group?" Questions such as these must
surely have confronted other public and private
agencies in our city. They could be answered
only by a knowledge of what
is being done and who is doing
it. Hand in hand with these
questions went the inquiries :
"What music activities inter-
est our citizens?" "How many
such activities are there and
where?" "How many people
participate in the activities at
least fairly regularly?"

We felt, too, that whether

By Harry G. Glore

Supervisor of Community Music

Public Recreation Commission

Cincinnati, Ohio

In connection with its work relief pro-
gram for unemployed musicians, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, recently conducted a
survey in an effort to get as complete
a picture as possible of the city's or-
ganized group music activities. We
present here some of the findings of
the study as they relate to the pro-
gram offered by the Public Recreation
Commission through its Department
of Community Music.

or not any conclusions we might
attempt to draw from our facts
and statistics were sound, the
mere accumulation and publish-
ing of the facts would be of
real value to those in our community interested in
music. Finally, granting that the study would
prove of value, something would have been added
to the sum and total of the knowledge of our city
which would be tangible evidence of the worth of
the work relief project, long after the free con-
certs have become pleasant memories, valuable as ~
they have proved in adding to the pleasure of our
citizens and in helping to make life for thousands
a little more worth while.

Activities Conducted

In discussing the findings of the study in rela-
tion to the activities of the Public Recreation
Commission, it is important to remember that a
great many of the musical activities organized and
supervised by the Department of Community
Music are made possible by the assignment of
musicians and music teachers to the department
by the Emergency Relief Administration and the
Ohio Emergency Schools Administration. In fact,
more than one-half of the regular weekly music
activities of the Commission are being conducted
with leaders paid by these two relief agencies.
The centralization of these activities under one
head makes coordination possible and eliminates
friction and duplication in a way which would be
out of the question if each agency were proceed-
ing separately. Moreover it reduces to a mini-
mum the expense of operation for the relief agen-
cies and takes advantage of the facilities of a
regular branch of the city gov-
ernment with specialists train-
ed for the work.

The entire personnel of the
department is as follows:

I supervisor of community
music
16 part-time seasonal di-
rectors and accompanists
6 teachers paid by Ohio
Emergency Schools Ad-
ministration

209

210

MUSIC IN A PUBLIC RECREATION DEPARTMENT

57 musicians on FERA pro-
ject No. 31-F5-300
(2 orchestras and leaders
of community groups')
7 auxiliary organizations
74 volunteers

The regular program is set
up with a view to perma-
nency, with definite long-
time policies and objectives
back of it, and before it was
augmented by the relief agen-
cies called for permanent dis-
trict orchestras and choruses
in each high school district,
meeting in the public high
school buildings. These were to serve not only
the high school graduate in adult life but also
other members of the community as well. In
addition, there is the Civic Orchestral Society,
a non-professional symphonic orchestra to
draw from the best amateurs in all parts of
the city. The Cincinnati Choiristers is a mixed
chorus meeting downtown. Then there are the
choruses in the West End as well as choruses
in Sayler Park, Cumminsville, Walnut Hills
and Madisonville. This permanent set-up
comprises at present ten adult choruses and
nine adult orchestras meeting from October to
April. Seven orchestras are white and two col-
ored, while eight choruses are colored and two
white.

Summer orchestras are conducted along with
the playground program not only for recreation
but to give the children an opportunity to con-
tinue orchestra playing during the summer months
when school is closed.
^ . Community singing is handled by volunteer
song leaders with the music department serving
as a clearing house and sup-
plying song sheets at cost.
The department also serves
as a consulting agency giv-
ing assistance wherever pos-
sible to other groups.

Of the auxiliary groups
listed, the Cincinnati Mu-
nicipal Music Advisory
Council is the most impor-
^nt. It consists of the di-
rector of music in the pub-
lic schools, the managing
director of the May Festi-
val Association, the director

In his Annual Report for 1934 Mr. (Slore
gives some supplementary figures and in-
formation. In 1933 there were 33 groups
meeting regularly once a week. In 1934
there were 77 such groups. In March and
April 1935 the number of weekly activi-
ties reached a peak of 108 classes and
groups. Mr. Slore lays great stress on
the fact that whatever success has been
achieved in the rapid expansion of the
music program in the past two years has,
in his opinion, been due to the coopera-
tion of local relief agencies in relating
F. E. R. A. music projects so closely to
the municipal recreation program and in
placing them under the same supervision.

"This year," states the Annual Report, "saw
the most extensive program of free enter-
tainment yet offered. The 89 programs the
two F.E.R.A. orchestras played were given
!n 63 different places, and definite and
careful thought was given the planning of
programs so that they would be of the ut-
most value as well as good entertainment.
They were of the following types: (I) Free
dances for unemployed or people on relief;
(2) Concerts for shut-ins and inmates of in-
stitutions for aged and orphans; (3) Con-
certs in schools correlated with the regu-
lar school program so as to have education-
al as well as entertainment values, and (4)
Outdoor and indoor free public concerts."

of education of the Cincin-
nati Conservatory of Music,
the head of the Theory De-
partment of the College of
Music, the dean of the Col-
lege of Education of the Uni-
versity of Cincinnati a repre-
sentative of the Federation
of Parent-Teacher Associa-
tions' Music Committee and
the supervisor of community
music who serves as secre-
tary. This group meets with
the supervisor and advises
the department on all mat-
ters of important policy involving both the de-
velopment of the program and the relations with
other music agencies and organizations. It has
one annual meeting in October, with such other
meetings from time to time as are deemed neces-
sary. The members are appointd by the Public
Recreation Commission for two year terms.

Another important auxiliary of the Commis-
sion whose music committee renders valuable as-
sistance in the promotion of the program among
colored people, is the Citizens' Recreation Council.
The leadership supplied by the Ohio Emergency
Schools Administration has been used to develop
classes in history of music, voice, piano, harmony,
sight singing, orchestra, chorus. These are in the
direction of adult education but in the larger
sense also recreation. They not only are leisure-
time activities now ; they are preparing several
hundreds of people for a richer and fuller use of
leisure. Again, who can say where education
stops and recreation begins?

The classes conducted by musicians on work
relief project No. 3i-F5-300 are more varied than
those set up under the Emer-
gency Schools Administra-
tion. They include classes
for underprivileged children
as well as adults. Where the
Emergency Schools classes
are confined by the rules of
the administration to adult
education, project No. 31-
F5-300 was organized and
approved to allow activities
of a recreational nature and
work with children as well
as adults.

(Continued on page 230)

The Place of Drama in Recreation

An answer to the question — "What type of
drama belongs in the recreation program?"

THK RKASON why community
drama has been so very
successful — and I do not
know of a single community where, under proper
organization, it has failed — is, perhaps, because it
is not a new and startling idea but a very old one.
The strolling players, the mummers, the Guilds of
the early Renaissance are all the spiritual ances-
tors of the modern drama of the people. Drama
has always been the most democratic of the arts
so it is no wonder that it fits into the recreation
program like an old shoe. Together with dancing
and music it has always belonged to the people.

Over and over again I have found individuals
both among group members and leaders who have
been fairly antagonistic toward drama and who
were completely won over to it when confronted
with the argument of a well-directed community
production. It has been amazing to watch the
change that has come about in the last fifteen
years. Perhaps nothing gives you quite such bird's-
eye view of the country as a whole as a corre-
spondence service. Our consultation service
which is offered free of charge brings us letters
from people in all parts of the country conducting
every type of drama activity. Fifteen years ago
we urged groups to include drama in their pro-
gram ; now we spend days and weeks reading
plays and getting out lists to answer the question
— "can you tell me a good play for my group to
give ?" Short plays, long plays, royalty plays, non-
royalty plays, plays for the P.T.A. meeting, plays
for the family to put on in the home to entertain
the neighbors, children's plays, senior class plays
and plays for women's clubs and
men's clubs are all in demand to-
day. People know what they
want. The standards are high
and today we check the best au-
thors on the list and only regret
that there aren't more of them.

Another inquiry which we f re-

fit/ Mabel Foote Hobbs

Nafional Recreation Association

Mrs. Hobbs discussed the ques-
tion of drama ini the recreation
program before the members of
the Municipal Training School
for City and Village Officials
which was held at Rochester,
April 17th and 18th.

quently receive is : "how can I
go about directing a play?"
Workers without much experi-
ence but with a willingness to learn are constantly
asking for guidance and we have succeeded in
putting on paper a method of production which
enables them to take the group through the first
necessary steps toward a successful production.
The little handful of letters that we received fif-
teen years ago has grown to six or seven thousand
a year.

From Puppet Show to Little Theatre

In our contacts with recreation executives the
question we are most frequently called upon to
answer is — "what type of drama should a recrea-
tion department sponsor." There seems to be a
strange idea that it should be very elementary
drama ; in fact the drama that belongs to the rec-
reation department is generally called dramatics.
The recreation department, it seems to me, should
sponsor any phase which its finances and time per-
mit — from the puppet show to the peak of ama-
teur achievement — the Little Theatre. In the
complete amateur drama program the Little Thea-
tre is the goal toward which all drama eflfort is
directed. When every phase of drama is under
the same department, the child who takes part in
a little playlet on the playground may look for-
ward to belonging to the Little Theatre group if
he can develop into a sufficiently skillful player.
The Little Theatres represent the ultimate in non-
professional drama and in a good many communi-
ties they are the only means of bringing the drama
of the professional stage to the
people.

To perform these difficult
plays it is necessary to cultivate
a group of experienced actors.
And there is nothing undemocra-
tic in the fact that these groups
are rather small and exclusive.

211

212

THE PLACE OF DRAMA IN RECREATION

When the Little Theatre is under the sponsorship
of the recreation department, however, the door is
constantly kept open to new talent. Try-outs are
held from time to time and the only requisite for
membership is- ability. It works out very satis-
factorily on this basis because anyone will agree
that it is no fun to play any game out of your
class. A poor bridge player or tennis player does-
n't enjoy playing with experts and the game is
spoiled for everyone when he is admitted. It is
just the same with drama. I recently talked with
a young man who had studied for the professional
theatre and played a few small parts. He was
perfectly willing to work with an amateur group
but when he tried it he found that he simply
didn't fit in. Helen Ford Stafford has a little
group of professional actors who play together
constantly under her direction, just to "keep their
hand in." Because they are all in the same class
they are able to get something out of the work.
Playing with actors who were less experienced
would spoil the purpose of their work. So, in the
Little Theatre the best of the community's talent
is brought together, but under recreation leader-
ship there is always an opportunity for the actor
who has developed beyond his little club group to
step over into the group of more experienced and
talented players.

Where Plans Have Become Realities

This pleasant panorama of community drama is
not just a fanciful idea. Miss Dorothy Enderis,
recreation executive in Milwaukee, has proved
beyond question that such a plan can work out.
In eight years she has organized a splendid drama
department from a few scattered groups of play-
ers. In 1928 a drama specialist was brought in
and the work of organizing drama through the
Extension Department of the Milwaukee Public
Schools was started. There were only six groups
at that time; now there are twenty-eight active
drama organizations. A tournament is held each
year and as many groups as care to may enter
their plays. No try-out is necessary for member-
ship in these organizations. An interest in drama
is the only requirement. In addition to the small
groups throughout the city a little theatre group
known as the Milwaukee Players has been formed.
This represents the cream of amateur talent and
membership in this group is the goal of all mem-
bers of the smaller groups. For a number of years
one outstanding player from each tournament
production was chosen for membership in the Mil-

waukee Players, but since this seemed too limit-
ing a new plan has been adopted this year. Any
member of other various smaller groups who has
attended 75 per cent of his group meetings may
try out for membership. The candidates meet the
judges at a given time and are handed three short
excerpts which they interpret. A finished produc-
tion of "King Lear" by the Milwaukee Players
last year represents the outgrowth of the move-
ment begun six years ago.

During the same year that Miss Enderis was
launching her program I met with a group in
Glens Falls, New York, who were planning to
start a community drama project under the lead-
ership of Miss Ruth Sherburne, the recreation
executive. Up until that time there were a num-
ber of independent groups producing plays in the
various clubs and churches. But these plays were
usually given for money making purposes and
that fact interfered greatly with the type of play
selected. The new drama organization has raised
the standard of the productions and opened mem-
bership to anyone in the town who can qualify.
After a trial of four years a permanent director, a
local person, was employed. In a recent produc-
tion the leading lady had never set foot on a stage
before her try out. The Outing Club Players have
given such excellent plays as Little Father of the
Wilderness, Mr. Pirn Passes By and The Dover
Road. They have just closed their eighth season
with a delightful performance of Candlelight, a
play in which Leslie Howard and Gertrude
Lawrence appeared on Broadway.

The York, Pennsylvania, Little Theatre is an-
other interesting example of a recreation depart-
ment project. In this case a paid director was
brought in. This group has a good many mem-
bers who are not interested in acting but who
enjoy building scenery, making costumes and
other back stage jobs so important to the success
of the production. Under the management of Mr.
Carl Glick, who is directing the group, a series of
lectures is also conducted.

The Play Tournament

But in many communities it will not be feasible
for the recreation department to suddenly assume
the responsibility for a Little Theatre. There are,
however, any number of opportunities to promote
drama in your city. Since it is difificult to find a
community where there are no drama groups,
there is always the interesting possibility of bring-
ing the groups already organized together in a

THE PLACE OF DRAMA IN RECREATION

213

tournatnent which the department manages. The
drama tonrnanient has never been more success-
ful than when under such a sponsor. This year
the Rock Island, Illinois, Recreation Departm.ent
will sponsor the eighth drama tournament. In
Plainfield, New Jersey, the department will pre-
sent the eleventh play contest. Lansing, Michigan,
will hold its fifth. And in any number of other
cities an annual one-act play tourney under the
management of recreation commissions will be an
important community event this spring.

Last November we received a request from a
drama director who had just been assigned to the
Recreation Department of Pontiac, Michigan. She
wished to know how the department could con-
tribute to a drama movement in her city. We sug-
gested the tournament among other things and we
just recently received a letter from her with a
program of the first drama tournament sponsored
by the Recreation Department. It had been a great
success and was followed by a delightful banquet
for the players. The tournament paid all expense?
and the profits are to be used to establish a play
library. The letter also stated that for the first
time the Pontiac Civic Players, a fine group of
actors, had affiliated itself with the Department.

Other Projects

The play library is an excellent by-product of .
the community drama movement and is a worth
while undertaking for a recreation department.
A few state university extension departments of-
fer this service, but there is a great need for it
in every community that has a drama program.
The costume bureau and work shop are other pro-
jects that develop along with play production and
that might well be sponsored by the department.
An outstanding example of such a costume bureau
is the one maintained by the San Francisco Recre-
ation Commission.

Besides the tournament there is the civic
pageant or the playground festival or circus that
the recreation department may sponsor. New
York's beautiful May Day celebration in Central
Park is conducted every year by the Board of
Education. Hundreds of school children take part
in this charming festival. The play circuit is an-
other excellent project. Neighboring communities
exchange plays or a group may take its play to
several towns within a county. The outdoor thea-
tre functions successfully in several localities dur-
ing the summer months under recreation depart-
ment management.

Children's Drama

But if all these things seem impossible to you ;
if your deflated budget and small staff would not
permit any of them, there is still a very logical
and simple way to begin. I am referring to chil-
dren's drama. It seems to me that the real secret
of a successful amateur drama program lies in
starting with the children and carrying them
straight through until they form the nucleus of
your Little Theatre group. Children of nine and
ten are ready for drama but very little has been
given them. They have taken part in simple
dramatizations and festivals, but in only a few
cities has the work of giving them formal drama
been undertaken. We all know that for some
years the high schools have been producing Broad-
way successes and I believe that these productions
show a tremendous need for formal drama before
the high school years are reached. Young people
who have spent the elementary and intermediate
grade years in informal drama find it difficult to
assume the burden of a highly professional play.
When formal drama is begun at the age of nine,
competent players and directors naturally develop,
and as the young people advance the community
program becomes unified.

This idea has been carried out with notable suc-
cess in Greater New York where the Bronx, Man-
hattan and Brooklyn Boroughs are all conducting
splendid children's drama programs. I have always
felt this achievement a striking example of a city-
wide children's drama program developed through
a city department's own leaders — a method which
I strongly favor. About five years ago playground
directors of the Park Department attended special
courses in children's drama and began the work
on their own playgrounds. For two years these
new drama directors were supervised. From time
to time short supplementary courses were held in
one borough or another.

Now they are carrying on the work independ-
ently. In checking up this spring I learned that a
hundred plays were presented by twenty Brook-
lyn playgrounds during the last season. Since the
first of February children from playgrounds of
Manhattan have been producing six plays every
Saturday morning to enthusiastic audiences at one
of the recreation centers. In the Bronx four fes-
tivals in which all playgrounds took part were pre-
sented last season. One was given on the occasion
of the opening of a new ground with a swimming
(Continued on page 230)

Blue Mound Banishes the Depression Blues

THIS LITTLE community of 817
souls certainly never expect-
ed to entertain between 40,000 and 50,000 visi-
tors during the sixteen consecutive Wednesday
nights when we planned, in the winter months pre-
ceding, for our little open air theatre in the village
park.

No one was more astonished at the amazing
popularity of this venture, planned for the enter-
tainment of the home folks by the home folks
than those who sat around the old cannon stove in
the back part of the hardware store in February
of 1934 and discussed its possibilities.

This town of Blue Mound, Illinois, located in
the heart of what is known as the country's great-
est corn producing area, had passed through the
period of 13 cent corn, eight cent oats and two
dollar hogs. Even good crops did not yield enough
money to pay the taxes, not to mention rent for
the landlord or a decent living for the tenant who
had put in a full year of work with no actual re-
turn for himself and his family. With the return
of higher prices came the two worst years of
drought that had struck this area in a half century.

Things had been pretty bad throughout that
winter. We are a wholly agricultural community.
There isn't an industry in the town^just the grain
elevator, the bank and the usual stores and filling
stations found in the rural village of the middle
west. The surrounding country is one of rich
black soil, usually prosperous in normal times, but
when it took a load of corn to buy a pair of shoes,
three bushels of oats to get into a movie and a 250
pound hog to buy a hat there
wasn't much business. Then
had followed the two dry years
when crops had failed.

Spirits were low, very low,
in our town during the winter
of 1933-34- When Charles
Worthan, once mayor of the
village and a former profes-
sional showman who was then
running a filling station, came
into the hardware store that
February afternoon and sug-

By Charles Bradley

The story of a rural community in cen-
tral Illinois which lifted itself out of
the despondency and gloom in which
the nation as a whole and agricultural
communities in particular had been
living for five years, is told by Charles
Bradley, hardware merchant. Mr.
Bradley, director of the band, is one
of the active leaders in this remark-
able community project which was
developed so successfully last sum-
mer and which is being continued
this year.

gested that it was time to do
something to get the village out
of its mental dumps, nail kegs were upturned about
the old stove and the subject talked over.

We had had concerts by the village band but
interest in them had petered out. Free movies
were tried, but the movies we could afford to get
were not up to the taste of the community and
that flopped.

The village has a fine little park with great
towering trees in it. Why not, it was suggested,
promote a project for the community to be staged
under the trees in that park during the coming
summer? And so the idea of the out-door theatre
was born in that discussion around the old stove
in the rear of the store. We would see if we
could not do something to break the community
of its five year habit of persistently looking down
its nose.

A twenty-five piece band was organized, prac-
tice was faithfully carried on throughout the
spring and programs, with the band as the con-
tinuity feature, were gradually developed. As the
plan slowly took shape more and more members
of the community became interested and more and
more nail kegs were upturned for seats at the
conferences which continued about the stove in
the store.

A stage was built in the park by the men of the
village. The simple properties to be used on it
were constructed in the rear of the hardware
store by men who worked far into the night. The
Wabash railroad gave us old railroad ties which
we used for uprights (by cut-
ting them in half) for the few
seats we set up for the fathers
and mothers who might attend
the entertainments we were
planning to ofifer. The young-
sters would probably run about
the park anyway, and we esti-
mated that the 200 seats we
were providing would be ample.
The telephone company gave
us the poles on which to
mount the flood lights and a

;?14

BLUE MOUND BANISHES THE DEPRESSION BLUES

215

generous farmer told us
we might have the steel
tower of his unused wind-
mill pump on which to
set up our spot lighting

equipment. This was placed about loo feet in
front of the stage. All the work was done by
volunteers of the community and the stage was
built in a grove of beautiful trees which overhang
it with long swinging branches.

On only one thing did we spend monev. We
employed an expert lighting engineer to design
and install the lighting equipment for the stage
with the result that the illumination of the par-
ticipants in the program was perfect, with floods,
spots, plain and tinted, and with concealed light-
ing for the music racks of the band. With this
exception every bit of the work was done by the
men of the village, for the idea that we would not
permit the depression to ruin us mentally and
emotionally, whatever it may have done to us
financially, had taken hold.

\N'hat we thought would be our major "problem
turned out to be the one most easily solved. We
had no comprehension of the talent available in
the town and its immediate environs. After it was
thoroughly understood that this was a home idea
to be carried through by home folks for home
folks, talent, trained and untrained, was uncov-
ered. This was to be a home entertainment witii

In the band are eleven farnners, a grain dealer, a
laborer, two school superintendents, a dentist, a
Farm Bureau official, the rural mail carrier, an at-
tendant at a filling station, a mule driver in a
coal mine, a bank cashier and a plumber's helper

no charge for anyone who
cared to attend and no pay
for those who took part.
How completely this
series of evenings be-
came a community affair will be understood when
it is realized that during the sixteen Wednesday
nights on which programs were given more than
4CX) different members of the community took
part in some of the features given. On only one
night, "Neighborhood Night," when towns from
which hundreds of visitors had been coming to
Blue Mound each Wednesday, were invited to
produce a .stunt, were others asked to take part.
For that night Decatur sent down its Municipal
Players and other neighboring towns furnished
skits or acts for a full night's program.

The program remains and will remain, if the
present group has its way, strictly a home affair
using home talent. We will improve it, we think,
as we gain experience, but we do not expect ever
again to have the great thrill which we had last
summer when, expecting to entertain a few hun-
dred of the village folk, we looked out over audi-
ences which reached as many as 7,000 persons.
The members of the local post, American Legion,
acted as traffic control officers and with as high as
1,800 automobiles parked in the village at enter-
tainments it is evident that this traffic control was

very necessary.

(Continued on page 230)

Good Times at a Girls* Camp

WITH MUCH gayety and merri
merit stockings of all sorts,
colors and sizes, are hung around the glow-
ing fireplace in this spacious rustic hall. For this is
Christmas eve in 1934; not celebrated on Decem-
ber twenty-fifth, but July twenty-fifth at the Na-
tional Camp Fire Girls' Camp in the Ramapo
Mountains near Arden, New York.

Christmas in July

All mystery and wonder surround this annual
event. Girls scamper off to bed before taps, hold-
ing tightly to loose and dangling belts from bath
robes and pajamas. Only the dull "Croak!"
"Croak!" of the bullfrog breaks the stillness of
the night as all the children quiet down ready for
a sound sleep under heavy woolen blankets. Sud-
denly a beautiful harmony of voices is heard sing-
ing the Christmas carols. Now softly, then louder
and louder, finally dying away in the distance.
Camp "Akiwa" and "Talaulak" are sound asleep
long before the last echo has been lost in the
mountains.

In the morning everyone jumps out of bed and
scampers to the spacious log hall to poke around
in bulging stockings to see what Santa has be-
stowed on her. A sucker, nut cookies, juicy red
apples, oranges, plums and other delicacies are
brought forth. While munching an apple or a
plum, the early risers, clothed in bathrobes and
pajamas and chattering like blackbirds, gather on
the open air breakfast porch.

Camp Chores

It is a cool but sunshiny morning and everyone
has a keen appetite. No one hesitates to eat the
cereal she dislikes at home. All eagerly drink the
hot cocoa; warm toast and bacon follow.

After breakfast all hurry to
dress, make their own beds and
clean their cabins before time
for camp chores. "What are
camp chores?" asks a twelve
year old Japanese girl, a new
camper. A dark-eyed Jewess of
her own age satisfies her curi-
osity by answering, "Cleaning

By Gene Grubb

"Youth craves adventure as the
sparks fly upward; and this need,
too, is fortunately met by the
summer camp, while suppressing
that element of risk and danger
inseparable from the uncensored
outings of the inexperienced." —
From A Summer at Camp in
Child Welfare, May, 1933.

lamps and lanterns, picking up

paper and other litter about camp,

scrubbing the wash house, gathering wood for tlie

council fires and cleaning the guest lodge." Off

they dash, each to her special duty.

When the chores are over the Camp Fire Girls
are ready for their twenty minute swim. Of
course the swimming counselor is quite the most
popular person in camp. While the girls have the
fun of splashing and playing games, they enjoy
formal instruction in swimming, too, and many
become excellent swimmers in a surprisingly short
time. A shrill whistle calls everyone out ; for now
it is time to dress for the Christmas dinner, with
a real turkey, plum pudding dinner with all the
trimmings. A miniature tree stands in the center
of each of the twelve tables with a star and a
Santa shining and nodding from the top of the
tree. Thus Christmas passes at Camp Akiwa.

Activities of All Kinds

Another event follows the Yuletide celebration
which is enjoyed just as much — the treasure hunt
by 'the pirates, an exciting event. Late in the
afternoon these Camp Fire maidens are hunting
through boxes, suit cases and wardrobes for cos-
tumes for pirates. In the meantime counselors
are mysteriously and secretly scanning trails and
marking lanes. After supper, when duties are
over, each camper hastens to her cabin and very
soon a great transformation takes place! Black
eyes and lowering brows appear from under tur-
bans and caps. Imitation swords and many a cut-
lass dangle from belts. The search begins and all
the priates start from the same place. "Look
under a flat rock at thfe flagpole," is the first clue.
The pirates make a mad rush for the designated
spot and after much scrambling
a dark, crumbled note is uncov-
ered. It reads, "Go to the south
end of the bridge at the brook
for further directions." A
crudely drawn finger points to
a secret passage way along the
trail. The pirates are an excited
group. Treasure unknown is at

216

GOOD TIMES AT A GIRLS' CAMP

217

the end of the trail. Sign after sign leads them on
until, behold a peculiar string attracts their atten-
tion ! They follow it, and down under a low over-
hanging rock — the treasure ! A bag of candy bars,
apples and oranges — enough for all.

The evening of the following day is warm and
bright with moonlight when the Camp Fire maid-
ens take to the boats. Each boat is filled with
campers in care of two counselors. Slowly the
boats glide towards the middle of the lake and
soon the lake is spotted with black moving objects.
Well-known camp songs come floating over the
water, from diflferent parts of the lake, to those
gathered on the dock. As the stars come out one
by one, the singing from the lake gradually .dies
away. To the listeners comes the sound of dip-
ping oars and the bullfrogs resume their inter-
rupted chorus.

Bradly Mountain
towers above us gigan-
tic and powerful, as if

"Whether we live In the city or in the country, noth-
ing so re-creates us as a return to the unspoiled
variety of the hills and plains, the woods and waters."

guarding the little lake at its foot. The great
green mass of foliage that covers its slopes looks
black in the bright moonlight. The dark and light
shadows on the lake, the rhythm of the moun-
tains, an occasional quiver from the lake, a flicker
of light from a camp fire across the water add a
repose to the scene which makes the end of the
day one of peacefulness and rest. The campers
leave their boats and climb the hillside to their
cabins.

Tomorrow is Mary's birthday and a grand
party is planned for her as well as the rest who
have a birthday during this camping session. Miss
Esther, the colored cook, makes the birthday
cakes. Each of the twelve tables has place cards,
a souvenir for everyone and a tiny doll. How
lucky are the campers who have birthdays here,
for never can they have so many and interesting

guests at home! Some
have come from foreign
lands.

218

GOOD TIMES AT A GIRLS' CAMP

Morning Assemblies and Cabin Suppers

Morning assemblies at nine-thirty are a treat.
On warm sunshiny mornings, all campers assem-
ble on the dock, but if it is cool they meet in
the lodge before the crackling wood fire where
the nature counselor tells them the story of the
muskrat, the snake and the frog ; the music coun-
selor teaches them new songs that they will sing
in camp and also back home in the city.

The cabin suppers are a delight. On Sunday
afternoon, after an enjoyable hike along a mys-
terious shady trail, the campers return hungry,
and ready for the many good things to eat which
are waiting them. Egg, nut and raisin sand-
wiches, chocolate cookies, apples and oranges fol-
lowed by hot cocoa, make a Sunday night supper
one to be eagerly waited for from week to week.
The lunches are taken to each cabin and after
eating, the campers dressed for slumber, snuggle
down in l^ed ready for the story the calkin coun-
selor has selected for them.

This morning is "topsy-turvy" day. The day
we have dinner in the morning and breakfast at
night. Twelve-year-old Judith becomes the 'camp'
director; Helen is the swimming counselor, and
she has a group of assistants. Similarly other
transformations take place and new handcraft
counselors appear from among the campers. The
girls have become the counselors and the coun-
selors the girls. Each plays her part to the enjoy-
ment of all. All are installed in office and then the
fun begins. A visitor arriving in camp to see the
director is quite baffled at first by having to con-
verse with many supposed counselors before
reaching her, but she enjoys her trip much more
because she has come to camp on the day so much
fun was in progress.

Overnight Trips

Summer camping is not complete without an
overnight trip. Late in the afternoon ten or
twelve campers who wish to spend the night
under the open sky carry their blankets and pon-
chos to the great open hall. Here they roll their
sleeping necessities in their ponchos. The blankets
are spread out on the floor and then smoothly and
evenly rolled into a long roll which can be tied
with a heavy string and thrown over the should-
ers. Just before dusk a line of movirig figures
wind along the trail and arrive at the overnight
camping site in time to select as comfortable a
spot as possible for their beds before darkness

sets in. A great pile of wood and brush is gath-
ered ready for the morning fire. By dark the
overnight hikers, warmly dressed, have crawled
into their blankets and ponchos. A small stone or
twig under a campers bed may require a little
adjusting, but soon everyone is comfortably set-
tled for the night. A little moving or turning of
the sleepers, or perhaps the cry of a nightbird are
the only sounds until the shrill "Jay!" "Jay!" at
daybreak arouses everyone. With a little yawn-
ing, stretching and jumping about to relieve
cramped muscles the sleepers come to life.

One group builds the fire, while others cut
sticks for making toast, prepare the cocoa, set the
table such as nature provides. How good this hot
breakfast tastes, for the morning air on the moun-
tain is thin and sharp ! By nine o'clock all dishes
are packed and ponchos are thrown over their
shoulders ready to take the trail back down the
mountain side.

Such incidents are a few of the daily and
weekly events at the Camp Fire Girls Camp,
where the girls are not preparing to live but are
living.

The fourteen days of the camp session pass
quickly, and packing for home begins for the one
period camper. Suit cases and boxes are filled to
overflowing with clothes, kodaks, flashlights and
other camping necessities. But there must be
found room for the new nature booklet, leather
purse, bookends, whistlecord and many other
things made in handcraft and nature classes.

The bus arrives to take the first session camp-
ers back to the city. It's a happy, tanned, husky
group of little campers that clambers into the bus.
After the baggage has been safely stowed away
and noses counted to make sure that no one has
been left behind, the bus starts down the long
mountain side back to the city. Cheers and camp
songs ring out as the bus speeds along the high-
way, telling of good tilnes, good campers, and the
hope that next summer they may return again to
Bear Mountain.

"I would encourage every one of you to de-
velop a new hobby, to cultivate hiking or garden-
ing. Go camping if you get a chance, even if you
have to put up a tent in your back yard. Hike
every chance you get. Play a game out-of-doors, if
your work is indoors. Watch people go camping,
hiking, gardening ; play traveling, if that makes
you happy, but my advice is, 'Get out of the grand-
stand and into the game.' " — Elbert K. Fret-wcU.

A Community Camp

By J. M. Groves

President

Inter-Service Clubs' Committee, Inc.

New Haven, Connecticut

THE CITY of New Haven is attractive
to visitors and residents not only be-
cause of its university atmosphere,
historic interest and the charm of its parks
and home sections, but also because in a
fifteen-minute drive one can get out into
regions of wild beauty suggestive of the
mountains and wilderness.

In such a spot, only seven miles from
the central Green, the service clubs of
New Haven have maintained since 1925
a well-equipped camp for boys and girls
who cannot afford to go to distant camps.
Camp Cedarcrest is open without charge
to any group' of youngsters for a one to
three nights' stay, on application from the
group leader. Boys' and girls' weeks alternate
throughout the season. Day campers or picnickers
are also received in numbers, and outings of young
people and adults are encouraged when these do
not interfere with camping arrangements for the
under-privileged children for whom the camp is
primarily intended. The Civitan, Exchange, Ki-
wanis, Lions, Probus and Rotary clubs cooperate
in support of the project, the property title being
held by the Inter-Service Clubs' Committee, Inc.

The camp site of nine acres is in the township
of Orange, a half-mile from the New Haven-
Derby turnpike. Except for an entrance parking
space and the sunny playfield, the area is heavily
wooded with hemlock, gray birch and red cedar,
and other forested tracts border it on two sides.
Entering between rough stone pillars over-arched
by unfinished cedar, one sees at first only the camp
director's cabin under great trees beyond the open
parking area. The winding Wepawaug River, rich
in natural beauty and historic lore, tumbles over a
dam beyond the cabin. The dam makes a good

White birches, hemlocks and cedars make a beau-
tiful setting for the tents at Camp Cedarcrest

swimming pool and a sand beach has been created
artificially. Upstream to the right are picnic areas
with fireplaces in open woods. Below the dam the
stream runs through a rocky ravine zigzagging
picturesquely under big hemlocks.

Facilities
Crossing the Wepawaug on a rustic bridge built
over the dam by Exchange Club members with
their own hands, the visitor climbs a flight of
steps up the steep wooded bank to the camjjing
area on high and nearly level ground. If one ar-
rives near meal time, groups of campers will be
seen preparing their meal at army field kitchens
set on permanent stone arches and protected from
rain but open on all sides. The dining tables and
benches nearby are also roofed over. An
enormous ice box, donated by a Rotarian who
had used it in employes' quarters at his brick-
yard, has room for all campers' supplies. Water
taps are conveniently located. The tents are
partly shaded, partly open to sunlight from the

219

220

A COMMUNITY CAMP

adjoining playground. Permanent raised wood
floors are used with sides of wood up to the screen
wire. Pyramidal khaki tent roofs of army type
are supported by a wood frame. Each tent holds
eight cots. Six tents have so far been erected.
Tents, as well as grounds, are electric lighted, a
recent improvement all labor and materials for
which were contributed by service club members.

The athletic field was graded and seeded by the
Civitan Club which also donated a bubbler at one
side. It is large enough for soft ball. Volley ball,
quoits and "tether ball" spaces are provided near
by. A massive flag staff and memorial tablet set
in a boulder were dedicated recently as a me-
morial to Frank R. Lawrence, former principal
of the Boardman Trade School, active member of
the Lions' Club and a great worker for the camp.
The staflf is at the farther side of the play field in
a setting of stately cedars.

A sizable recreation building provides a central
hall with a large stone fireplace. At one end is a
kitchen and at the other end are two good sized
sleeping rooms used for winter camping and as
overflow space during the summer season. This
building was created by work-relief labor, the ser-
vice clubs furnishing materials, transportation and
hot lunches. It is used by campers for rainy day
recreation and evening affairs, and occasionally by
the service clubs and other adult groups.

The sanitary facilities are excellent, modern
flush toilets in adequate number being provided in
separate quarters for boys and girls, with septic
tank disposal.

An attractive feature of the camp scene is a
large outdoor stone fireplace built by the Ex-
change Club on a sightly point which juts out into
the river. Nature trails follow the stream and by
courtesy of adjoining property owners lead off
through the woods in several directions. The
\\'epawaug has all the natural "makings"' of a
good brook trout stream and' still affords sport to
camper's and an occasional adult angler.

Leadership

The camp has been in charge
of a resident director under
supervision of the New Haven
Recreation Commission until
this municipal bureau was dis-
continued, and is now under the
City Parks Department. It thus
becomes in a sense an extension
of New Haven's excellent park

A number of American cities have
public vacation camps maintained
by departments of recreation. In
some cities an individual service
club is responsible for a camp.
New Haven, according to Mr.
Groves, is the one city in which a
number of service clubs have united
to establish and support a camp
for the city's youth. Here six dif-
ferent clubs are cooperating.

system, affording the city's needy children a
"breather" in the open country. Campers bring
food and blankets. Everything else is supplied by
the camp. If the children are unable to bring any
food or to pay their two-token fare to camp, the
need is met by the service clubs or a sponsoring
social agency. Through the American Red Cross,
150 blankets have been given for use in cases
where the home cannot spare any bedding.

Regular campers during the recent summer sea-
son, June 1st to September 3rd, numbered 1,327.
In addition, attendance of picnickers and visitors
was over 3,000 and the past fall and winter season
was marked by an increased amount of winter
camping.

During the past two seasons, an interesting ex-
tension of the camp's influence has come through
the bringing to Cedarcrest of groups from the
Connecticut School for Boys, the state disciplin-
ary institution for younger boys, at ^leriden.
These brief vacations, rewards for good conduct,
have been keenly enjoyed and the visitors have
been exemplary camp citizens.

The camp director's salary and the other items
of the camp budget are the direct responsibility of
the service clubs' committee, financed by annual
appropriations from the several clubs, supple-
mented by special gifts. The town of Orange
abates taxes on the property, in appreciation of
this courtesy Orange young people are welcome to
swim at the camp each afternoon. In a similarly
cooperative spirit, the Orange Water Company
remits the water charge for showers and other
outlets. An annual inspection trip and field day
brings service club members out to see the pro-
ject they are supporting and promotes inter-club
acquaintance and good fellowship.

The close of Cedarcrest's sixth year as a de-
veloped camp site finds the facilities made avail-
able by the New Haven service club members on
a higher plane than evei" before. Bit by bit these
clubs have added to the variety and completeness
of the opportunities for enjoy-
ment at the camp. Each year
sees some needed addition to the
equipment for the comfort,
safety and health of the boys
and girls who keep the wood-
lands echoing with their shouts
and laughter.

The end result is not merely
to provide a glorious vacation
(Continued on page 230)

WORLD AT Play

^, , ^, , ^ i H E Plaj'ground

Playground Clubs Serve . „ ,• ^

^, . ^ . . and Recreation Com-

Their Communities r ^^, m

mission of Alton, Ill-
inois, has found most
helpful the activities of the playground dads'
clubs, mothers' clubs, booster clubs, and young
men's clubs associated with the playground.
Here are a few of their activities during the
year ending March 1, 1935, according to the
Commission's annual report : Water Tower
Dads improved floodlights, painted the shelter
house, secured bricks and sand for sidewalks,
purchased a slide, built a driveway and heated
the building for the winter. Fathers at Hell-
rung put a furnace in their shelter house,
heated the building, and are completing the
structure. Milton Dads sponsored the entire
summer playground program, while Horace
Mann directed the backstop for their ball dia-
mond ; Salu Park fathers furnished transporta-
tion for the children, Johnson Street aided the
directors on the ground ; East End sponsored
the Sunday program and helped build a stor-
age building, and the young men's clubs at all
of the centers helped in every way possible to
improve conditions.

Instruction in Sports
Meets Need

ONE of the activi-
ties of the Cincin-
nati, Ohio, Public
Recreation Commis-
sion is the teaching of golf. During February,
1,190 different Cincinnatians took beginner's
golf lessons. Of this number 420 were adults con-

nected with commercial concerns and 770 were
students in attendance at three public and
three parochial high schools. Six hundred and
five residents of the city had instruction in be-
ginner's tennis.

A New Swimming
Pool in Arizona

THE Safiford, Ari-
zona, municipal park
and swimming pool
project was initiated
in November, 1933, as a CWA project, with a
local American Legion Post sponsoring the
construction. The four acre tract of land in
connection with the pool and park was donated
by the Graham County Board of Supervisors
to the Swift-Murphy Post of the American
Legion, and an allotment of $25,500 was ap-
proved by the CWA for the construction of
the pool and park. On April 1, 1934, the pool
was incomplete when orders were received to
stop work under the CWA. Through the State
ERA a sum of $2,688 for labor to complete the
project was secured. The local American Le-
gion Post raised $1,750 to buy necessary mate-
rials, and the pool was opened July 1, 1934.
Located in a desert country, it was necessary
to develop a water supply by underground
pumping. Fortunately a never ending supply
of water was encountered at the shallow depth
of 40 feet directly in the location of the pool
which is easily emptied by an underground
passage to the park where the surplus water
is used to water the lawn. As water is very
scarce, it is necessary to conserve all the avail-

221

222

WORLD AT PLAY

able supply. The pool measures 50 by 100 feet
and ranges in depth from 3 to 11 feet. The only
swimming pool available for approximately
10,000 people; during the past year it was
patronized by 400 boys and girls each twenty-
four hours.

A Pet and Hobby Show in Ann Arbor — On
April 26th the Kiwanis Club of Ann Arbor,
Michigan, sponsored a pet and hobby show at
the Yost Field House. There were three de-
l)artments — (a) collections; (b) crafts and arts,
including handicraft and household arts ; (c)
pets. Special features included demonstrations
of workmanship in arts and crafts held during
the day and an exhibition of the stunts and
tricks of the pets.

Public Forums in Springfield — A very inter-
esting series of forums have been conducted in
Springfield, Massachusetts, under the auspices
of the American Association. for Adult Educa-
tion. More than 1,000 people attend each of the
discussions which have to do with social, poli-
tical, economic and cultural conditions. A pre-
sentation of some of the phases of Russian life
and literature filled the municipal auditorium.

Summer Schools in Detroit — This summer
the Board of Education of Detroit, Michigan,
is opening a number of summer schools as an
expansion of non-credit, non-promotion or
leisure-time activities. In this division there
will be no set course of study, no program, no
rigid entrance requirements, no grading or test-
ing, and attendance will be left entirely to the
pupil. Groups of twenty-five will be formed
on a basis of grade age, for one, two or three
periods per day, at a charge of $4.00 per period
through eight weeks. There will be play
schools for pupils from kindergarten through
grade 8 with programs made up of music and
dramatization, hikes, games, supervised play,
hand work, art, nature study, trips, readings,
penmanship and spelling, and story-telling.

Hobby and exploratory classes will be or-
ganized in schools listing grades 9 upwards
where the summer school principal can obtain
use of suitable rooms and facilities. Among
the projects contemplated are art, dramatics,
wood work, clothing, foods, chemistry, type-
writing, gymnasium play or outdoor games.
Music classes in band or orchestras and instru-
ments of the orchestra including violins, will be

formed in nine schools. The cost per subject
will be $2.00.

Picnic Activities — A. E. Center, Director of
Recreation, Pontiac, Michigan, writes that the
Department of Recreation has available addi-
tional copies of an eight page mimeographed
statement on picnic organization and activities.
He will be glad to send copies to anyone remit-
ting six cents in stamps. Mr. Center may be
addressed care of the Department of Recrea-
tion, Pontiac.

A Splendid Legacy — The National Recrea-
tion Association congratulates the National
Playing Fields Association of Great Britain on
the receipt of a £10,000 legacv from Lord
Riddell.

A Visit from Seumas MacManus — The Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, Public Recreation Commission
with the Cincinnati Story League sponsored a
visit from Seumas MacManus, the great Irish
poet, humorist, story-teller and playwright. A
lecture and story-telling hour was held for four
nights — April 29th-May 2nd. In addition, Mr.
IVTacManus spoke and told stories at four high
schools and one of the literary clubs. "We were
simply fascinated," writes Miss Mabel Mad-
den, Supervisor of Community Activities, "by
his stories and his manner of telling them."

The Hobby Round-Up — From May 1st to
11th, Commerce Hall, Port Authority Building,
New York City, was the scene of an interesting
Hobby Round-Up held under the auspices of the
Leisure League of America of which James S.
Stanley is president. There were hobbies of all
kinds presented and a number of organizations
had exhibits. One of the most interesting sec-
tions of the exhibit was that showing the hobbies
of a number of outstandmg citizens.

The New Leisure

(Continued from fage 189)
"Tlot-tlot, tlot-tlot! Had they heard? The horse-hoofs

ringing clear ;
Tlot-tlot, tlot-tlot, in the distance? Were they deaf that

they did not hear?
Down the ribbon of moonlight, over the brow of the hill.
The highway man came riding, riding, riding.
The red-coats looked to their priming ! She stood up

straight and still ;"
can know the deep joy and fulfillment which life
holds for a human being.

THE NEW LEISURE

223

But it is through rehgion that the deepest aspi-
rations of man are released. If recreation is a way
of hfe, then rehgion is the acme of it.

Churches are the natural social centers. I
dropped in one evening recently to see a Catholic
priest who is a dear friend of mine. I found a
crowd of men playing bridge with the priest, play-
ing with the best of them. In contrast I recall the
church of my boyhood, a place for long and
solemn faces. I laughed once in Sunday-school
and was severely rebuked by my teacher. Now
we know that the church-house is a place for joy
and happiness. I believe that an association should
be established between wonder and reverence and
joyousness. Such habits formed during formative
years remain through life.

During the Christmas holidays the students at
Park School dramatized the old story of the ring-
ing of the chimes which epitomized for me the
relationship between school, play and worship.
During the last act the assembly room, almost by
a miracle it seemed, was transformed into a
cathedral with glowing windows, robed choir and
resplendent altar. A little child stumbled toward
the altar v/ith her gift of pennies and then the
chimes rang. Somehow, it caught up beauty and
worship into a chalice.

The church is also much concerned with leisure
because, as Rabbi Hillel Silver has pointed out,
the church knows that there can be no culture, no
civilization, hardly religion itself without leisure.
Culture requires leisure. What people do with
their leisure is important. Are they amusing
themselves simply, or are they enriching lives. A
deeper spiritual being comes from the creative
use of leisure.

When You're Making Tin Can Toys

(Continued from J'age 191)

Drop small pieces of self fluxing solder on the in-
side of the spout where it meets the can, holding
the can in a horizontal position. Apply heat from
an alcohol lamp along the outside of the spout'
until the solder flows ; turn the can over and re-
peat the operation along the other edge of the
spout. It is possible to make a very neat joint by
this method. A lid can easily be made by using
the top of a larger can with a handle soldered to
the top of this lid.

A Sand Bucket
A very acceptable sand bucket can be made
from a No. 2^/2 can, or a larger size if desired, by

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soldering wire loops to receive the handle the
same as described for the stew kettle, this handle
to be made from a piece of wire from a coat
hanger.

To accompany this bucket a scoop made from
a smaller can is desirable. To make this scoop,
sketch with a pencil on the outside of the can a
line where you wish to cut away the tin. This
should be an even flowing curved line. The best
tool, and really the only tool, I have found to cut
this curved line around the can is what I call a
pair of duck-bill snips. (Those I have are
branded Pexto.) After this cut has been made the
sharp edge should be taken off with a file. Now
make a handle of a proper size by the same
method as that previously described and solder
the handle to the end of this scoop or what was
the bottom of the can.

A Toy Roaster

A very realistic toy roaster like the one in the
illustration can be made from two small sardine
cans. Make handles as described for the stew
kettle and shown in detail A so that the handles
on the top half of the roaster fit neatly inside the

224

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