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GREATER LONDON
Editor's Note to Greater London
The methods employed in the enumeration of the attendance
at places of worship in Greater London differed slightly from those
adopted in London. In the case of smaller churches and mission-
halls an exception was made to the rule, religiously observed in
the twenty-nine boroughs, of one man per door. In certain rare
instances volunteers were accepted; these volunteers, however,
did not assist in the enumeration of the churches to which they
were attached, but were drafted off to neighbouring places of
worship. Each volunteer was placed under a superintendent
belonging to the Census staff. Not more than twenty such instances
of voluntary assistance occurred throughout the whole of our
work in Greater London.
The distance of many of the suburban districts from town
rendered our task one of considerable difficulty. The problem of
getting the enumerators to their destinations in view of the lack
of early trains, of providing food for them in country districts
during their twelve or fifteen hours' absence from home, and of
finding a shelter for them in wet weather between the morning and
evening services, had constantly to be faced and mastered.
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THE RELIGIOUS
LIFE OF LONDON
There is not a hamlet where poor peasants congregate, but, by-
one means and another, a church apparatus has been got together —
roofed edifice, with revenues and belfries ; pulpit, reading-desk, with
books and methods : possibility, in short, and strict prescription,
That a man stand there and speak of spiritual things to men. It
is beautiful ; even in its great obscuration and decadence, it is
among the beautifulest, most touching objects one sees on the
earth. This Speaking Man has indeed, in these times, wandered
terribly from the point ; has, alas, as it were, totally lost sight of
the point ; yet, at bottom, whom have we to compare with him ?
Of all public functionaries boarded and lodged on the industry of
modern Europe, is there one worthier of the board he has? A
man even professing, and never so languidly making still some
endeavour, to save the souls of men ; contrast him with a man
professing to do little but shoot the partridges of men ! I wish
he could find the point again, this Speaking One, and stick to it
with tenacity, with deadly energy, for there is need of him yet !
The Speaking Function, this of truth coming to us with a living
voice— nay, in a living shape, and as a concrete practical exemplar ;
this, with all our writing and printing functions, has a perennial
place. Could he but find the point again — take the old spectacles
off his nose, and looking up discover, almost in contact with him,
what the real Satanas, and soul-devouring, world-devouring Devil,
now is ! Original sin and suchlike are bad enough, I doubt not ;
but distilled gin, dark ignorance, stupidity, dark corn-law, bastille
and company, what are they ! Will he discover our new real
Satan, whom he has to fight, or go on droning through his old
nose-spectacles about old extinct Satans, and never see the real
one till he feel him at his own throat and ours? That is a
question for the world ! — Carlyle.
THE RELIGIOUS
LIFE OF LONDON
EDITED BY
RICHARD MUDIE-SMITH
'And he came to Nazareth, where he had been
BROUGHT up: AND HE ENTERED, AS HIS CUSTOM
WAS, INTO THE SYNAGOGUE ON THE SABBATH DAY."
St. Luke iv. i6.
' Not FORSAKING THE ASSEMBLING OF OURSELVES
TOGETHER, AS THE CUSTOM OF SOME IS."
Hebrrws x. 25,
LONDON
HODDER AND STOUGHTON
27, PATERNOSTER ROW
1904
It is to keep a man awake, to keep him alive to his own soul
and its fixed design of righteousness, that the better part of
moral and religious education is directed ; not only that of
words and doctors, but the sharp ferule of calamity under
which we are all God's scholars till we die. If, as teachers,
Tve are to say anything to the purpose, we must say what will
remind the pupil of his soul; we must speak that soul's
dialect; we must talk of life and conduct as his soul would
have him think of them. If, from some conformity between
us and the pupil, or perhaps among all men, we do in truth
speak in such a dialect and express such views, bej'^ond question
we shall touch in him a spring ; beyond question he will
recognise the dialect as one that he himself has spoken in
his better hours ; beyond question he will cry, " I had forgotten,
but now I remember; I too have eyes, and I had foigot to
use them ! I too have a soul of my own, arrogantly upright,
and to that I will listen and conform." In short, say to him
anything that he has once thought, or been on the point of
thinking, or show him any view of life that he has once clearly
seen, or been on the point of clearly seeing; and you have
done your part and may leave him to complete the education
for himself.— Robert Louis Stevenson.
' R K
PREFACE
" Men need the experience of the past to help them in
practical endeavours, to enable them to understand the
position of actual questions with which they and their
age are engaged. For this purpose accurate facts are
needed — not opinions, however plausible, which are unsus-
tained by facts." These words, taken from the late
Bishop Creighton's "Introduction" to the Cambridge Modern
History, justify, if any justification is necessary, the
publication of this book. The one aim of those responsible
for its appearance is to stimulate the Churches to renewed
activity by presenting them with accurate facts in place
of plausible opinions. In order that the statistics might
prove of immediate practical utility, various writers,
specialists in their own respective departments, were asked
to interpret their significance. It will be observed that
there is not entire agreement in the conclusions at which
they arrive. This, however, was neither expected nor
desired, — it was not expected, since each writer was given
cm^te blanche; it was not desired, since vigorous individu-
ality of utterance was preferred to an apparent uniformity,
which might have been obtained by means either of
emendations or additions. The editor is indebted to
Mr. H. J. B. Steele for valuable assistance in preparing
these pages for the press, and to Mr. Wm. Scott Durrant,
M.A., for kindly reading through the final proof-sheets.
What greater calamity can fall upon a nation than the loss of
woi-ship? Then all things go to decay. Genius leaves the temple
to haunt the senate or the market. Literature becomes frirolous.
Science is cold. The eye of youth is not lighted by the hope of
other worlds, and age is without honour. Society lives to trifles;
and when men die we do not mention them. — Emerson.
If for eveiy rebuke that we utter of men's vices we put forth
a claim upon their hearts ; if for every assertion of God's demands
from them we could substitute a display of His kindness to them ;
if side by side with every warning of death we could exhibit proofs
and promises of immortality ; if, in fine, instead of assuming the
being of an awful Deity — which men, though they cannot and dare
not deny, are always unwilling, sometimes unable, to conceive — we
were to show them a near, visible, inevitable, but all beneficent
Deity, whose presence makes the earth itself a heaven, I think
there would be fewer deaf children sitting in the market-place. —
RUSKIN.
I
CONTENTS
PAGE
T. Methods and; Lessons of the Census 1
The Editor, Superintendent of the Census.
II. The Results of the Census 15
The Editor.
III. The Problem of East London 19
Percy Alden, M.A., Hon. Warden, Mansfield House, Unirersity
Settlement.
IV. The Ideal Church for East London . . . . .43
Percy Alden, M.A.
V. The Problem of West London , . . . . , .69
Arthur Sherwell, Author of Life in West London.
VI. The Problem of North London 127
Walter R. Warren, LL.B., Author of The History of Private
Property {The New Party).
VII. The Problem of South London . . . . . .187
Charles F. G. Masterman, M.A., Fellow of Christ's College,
Cambridge, Author of From the Abyss.
VIIL Facts and Forces not Enumerated 273
The Rev. Henry Mann, Religious News Editor of The Daily News.
IX. The Daily News Census of 1902-3 Compared with the British
Weekly Census of 1886 280
Jane T. Stoddaet — " Lorna," of Tlie British Weekly.
X. The Settlement Ideal 29'!
P. Whitwell Wilson, B.A., Author of The Distributio7i of Industry
{The Heart of the Empire').
viii CONTENTS
PAGE
XI. Men's Services in the Church of England .... 302
The Kbv. J. E. Watts Ditchfibld, Vicar of St. James the Less,
Bethnal Green.
XII. Week-Evening Services ........ 307
Charles T. Bateman, Author of G. F. Watts.
XIII. Missionary Efforts in the Metropolis 314
Charles T. Bateman.
XIV. The P.S.A. Movement 320
The Rev. E. Goold, M.A., Editor of Tlie P.S.A. Leader.
XV. The Children op the Slums : Their Relation to the Churches 324
The Kev. Henry T. Meakin, Superintendent of the Wesleyan
Methodist Great Central Mission, Bermondsey.
XVI. The Adult-School Movement ....... 331
William C. Braithwaite, B.A., LL.B., President of the National
Council of Adult- Schools Associations.
XVII. The Problem of Greater London 337
George Haw, Author of No Room to Live, Britain's Homes.
I
TABLE OF STATISTICS
COUNTY OF LONDON
EAST
Returns for the Borough of Poplar .
„ Stepney.
J, „ „ Bethnal Green
„ Shoreditcu .
„ Hackney
WEST
„ ,, „ „ Marylebone .
„ Paddington .
jj „ City of Westminster
,, ,, Borough of Kensington .
„ Chelsea
„ „ „ „ Hammersmith
„ Fulham
„ „ City of London
NORTH
„ ,, Borough of Stoke Newinqton
„ „ Hampstead
„ Islington
„ St. Pancras
„ HOLBORN
„ FiNSBURY
SOUTH
» 5, M n Wandsworth
„ Lambeth
„ „ ,, „ Camberwell
„ Lewisham
„ Deptford
„ Greenwich
„ Woolwich
„ „ „ „ Battersea
„ „ •, „ Southwark
„ „ ,, „ Bermondsey
Table showing Attendance at Jewish Synagogues in London
„ „ Ratio of Attendance for each Borough .
„ „ THE Attendances of Men and Women in the Estab
LISHED, THE NONCONFORMIST, AND THE RoMAN CaTHOLIC
Churches ......•••
„ „ State of Weather for each Borough on Day of
Enumeration, Population of each Borough, Total
Attendances, and Ratios ....••
267
268
TABLE OF STATISTICS
Table showing Contribution of each Church in each Borough to
Total Attendances .......
„ ,, Contribution of each Borough to Total Attendances
Denominational Totals for Inner London .
GREATER LONDON
Returns for the District of Acton .
„ Barnes .
Barnet, East .
,, Friern
„ High .
Beckenham
Brentford
Bromley
Carshalton .
Chislehurst .
Chiswick
CooMBE, see Malden
Croydon, C.B.*
„ RD.* .
Dittons, see Esher
Ealing, M.B.*
Edmonton
Enfield .
Esher and the Dittons
FiNCHLEY
Greenford
Ham (Surrey)
„ East
„ West, C.B. .
Hampton
,, Wick
Hanwell
Harrow-on-the-Hill
Hendon .
Heston and Isleworth
hornsey, m.b.
Ilford .
Isleworth, see Heston
Kingsbury
Kingston, M.B.
Leyton .
Malden and Coombe
MoLESEY, East and West
Norwood (Middlesex) see Southall
Pbnge ......
269
270
271
388
C.B. lepieaents County Borough. K.D. represents Rural District. M.B. rejiresents Municipal Borough.
TABLE OF STATISTICS
XI
PAGE
Returns
FOR THE
District
OF
Richmond, M.B 345
j>
55
55
55
SOUTHALL AND NoRWOOD (MiDDLESEX) . 433
))
55
55
)5
SOUTHGATE 398
»
55
55
55
SURBITON
. 379
55
55
55
5)
SUTTON .
. 349
55
55
55
55
Teddington
. 374
»5
55
55
15
Tottenham
. 404
55
55
55
5)
Twickenham .
. 439
55
55
55
55
Walthamstow
. 367
55
55
55
55
Wanstead
. 363
55
55
55
55
^YEALDSTONE .
. 420
55
55
55
)5
Wembley
. 423
55
55
55
55
Willesden
. 414
55
55
55
5»
Wimbledon
. 377
55
55
55
55
Woodford
. 370
55
55
55
Wood Green .
. 402
Table showing Ratio of Attendance for each District . . .441
„ „ the Attendances of Men and Women in the Estab-
lished, the Nonconformist, and the Roman Catholic
Churches ......... 442
„ ,, State of Weather for each District on Day of
Enumeration, Population of each District, Total
Attendances, and Ratios ...... 443
„ ,, Contribution of each Church in each District to
Total Attendances ....... 444
,, „ Contribution of each District to Total Attendances 445
,, „ Denominational Totals for Greater London . . 446
„ „ Percentage Contributed by each Church to Total
Attendances for the Census Area .... 447
„ ,, Total Number of Places OF Worship in THE Census Area 447
APPENDIXES
A. Table showing Proportion of " Twicers " 449
B. ,, ,, Specimen Attendances at Early Communion Ser-
vices . . . . . . . . .451
C. „ „ Attendances at every Service in the Borough of
Chelsea on a certain Sunday ..... 456
D. ,, ,, Attendances at Adult Schools .... 458
E. ,, ,, Specimen Attendances at Afternoon Services . 459
F. „ „ Specimen Attendances at Open-Air Services . 460
G. ,, „ Specimen Attendances at Week-Evening Services 461
H. ,, ,, Specimen Attendances at Week-Morning Services 461
ADDENDA AND ERRATA 462
INDEXES
I. Index to Articles ......... 463
II. „ ,, Places of Worship in Inner London .... 475
III. „ ,, ,, ,, ., „ Greater London . . . 504
I then in ignorance and weakness,
Taking God's help, have attained to think
My heart does best to receive in meekness
That mode of worship, as most to his mind,
Where, earthly aids being cast behind.
His All in All appears serene
With the thinnest human veil between,
Letting the mystic lamps, the seven.
The many motions of his spirit,
Pass, as they list, to earth from heaven.
For the preacher's merit or demerit.
It were to be wished the flaws were fewer
In the earthen vessel, holding treasure
Which lies as safe in a golden ewer;
But the main thing is, does it hold good measure ?
Heaven soon sets right all other matters.
Browning {Christmas Eve).
He that loves God's abode, and to combine
With saints on earth, shall one day with tliem shine.
George Herbert.
Though private prayer be a brave design.
Yet public hath more promises, more love ;
And love's a weight to hearts, to eyes a sign.
We all are but cold suitors; let us move
Where it is warmest. Leave thy six and seven ;
Pray with the most ; for where most pray is heaven.
George Herbert.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
The Diagrams have been designed and p?'epa?'eo? by W. Harold Klosz
Metropolit
^N Boroughs ....
Frontispiece
EAST
FACING PAGE
ATTENDANCE,
Poplar
. 48
ANALYSIS OF
ATTENDANCE, PoPLAR
. 48
ATTENDANCE,
Stepney ....
. 54
ANALYSIS OF
ATTENDANCE, StEPNEY
. 54
ATTENDANCE,
Bethnal Green
. 58
ANALYSIS OF
ATTENDANCE, BeTHNAL GrEEN
. 58
AllENDANCE,
Shoreditch ....
62
ANALYSIS OF
ATTENDANCE, ShOREDITCH
. 62
ATTENDANCE,
Hackney ....
68
ANALYSIS OF
ATTENDANCE, HaCKNEY .
68
ATTENDANCE,
TOTALS FOR EaST LoNDON
68
ANALYSIS OF
ATTENDANCE, TOTALS FOR EaST LoI
JDON
68
WEST
ATTENDANCE,
Marylebone
100
ANALYSIS OF
ATTENDANCE, MarYLECONE
100
ATTENDANCE,
Paddington ....
104
ANALYSIS OF
ATTENDANCE, PadDINGTON
104
ATTENDANCE,
Westminster
108
ANALYSIS OF
ATTENDANCE, WESTMINSTER .
108
ATTENDANCE,
Kensington . . . . .
112
ANALYSIS OF
ATTENDANCE, KENSINGTON
112
ATTENDANCE,
Chelsea
116
ANALYSIS OF
ATTENDANCE, ChELSEA .
116
XIV
LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS
FACING PAGE
Diagram shewing attendance, Hammersmith
„ analysis of attendance, Hammersmith
,, „ attendance, Fulham.
J J „ analysis of attendance, Fulham
jj „ attendance. City of London .
^, „ ANALYSIS of ATTENDANCE, CiTY OF LoNDON
^^ ,, ATTENDANCE, TOTALS FOR WeST LoNDON
,j „ ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, TOTALS FOR WeST LoNDON
NORTH
„ „ ATTENDANCE, StOKE NeWINGTON .
„ „ ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, StOKE NeWINGTON
„ „ ATTENDANCE, HaMPSTEAD .
„ „ ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, HaMPSTEAD
„ „ ATTENDANCE, ISLINGTON
„ „ ANALYSIS OP ATTENDANCE, ISLINGTON .
„ „ ATTENDANCE, St. PaNCRAS .
,, „ ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, St. PaXCRAS
„ „ ATTENDANCE, HOLBORN
„ ,, ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, HoLBORN .
„ „ ATTENDANCE, FiNSBURY
„ „ ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, FiNSBURY ,
„ „ ATTENDANCE, TOTALS FOR NoRTH LoNDON
„ ,, ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, TOTALS FOE NORTH LONDON
SOUTH
„ „ ATTENDANCE, WaNDSWORTH
„ „ ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, WaNDSWORTH
„ „ ATTENDANCE, LaMBETH
„ „ ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, LaMBETH .
„ „ ATTENDANCE, CaMBERWELL .
„ „ ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, CaMBERWELL
„ ,, ATTENDANCE, LewISHAM
„ 5, ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, LkWISHAM .
„ „ ATTENDANCE, DePTFORD
„ „ ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, DePTFORD .
120
120
124
124
126
126
126
126
164
164
168
168
174
174
180
180
182
182
186
186
186
186
224
224
230
230
236
236
240
240
244
244
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
XV
FACING PAGE
Diagram shewing attendance, Greenwich 248
ANALYSIS OF attendance, GREENWICH . . . 248
attendance, Woolwich 252
analysis of attendance, woolwich . . .252
attendance, Battersea ...... 256
ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, BaTTERSEA .... 256
attendance, Southwark ...... 260
analysis of attendance, southwark . . . 260
ATTENDANCE, BeEMONDSEY 264
ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, BeRMONDSEY . . . 264
ATTENDANCE, TOTALS FOR SoUTH LONDON . . . 264
ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, TOTALS FOR SoUTH LONDON 264
ATTENDANCE, InnER LoNDON ..... 272
ANALYSIS OF ATTENDANCE, InNER LoNDON . . . 272
ATTENDANCE OF MeN, WoMEN, AND CHILDREN',
Inner London ....
Composite Diagram shewing attendance. Inner London
272
272
GREATER LONDON
Map of the Suburbs of London ........ 335
Diagram shewing total Church attendance. Greater London . . 448
,, ANALYSING TOTAL ChURCH ATTENDANCE, GREATER LONDON . . 448
A flourishing churcli requires a vast and complicated organi-
sation, which should aflord a place for everyone who is ready to
work in the service of humanity. The enthusiasm should not be
suflered to die out in anyone for want of the occupation best
calcuhited to keep it alive. Those who meet within the church
walls on Sunday should not meet as strangers who find them-
selves together in the same lecture-hall, but as co-operators in a
public work, the object of which all understand, and to his own
department of which each man habitually applies his mind and
contriving power. Thus meeting, with the esprit cle corps strong
among them, and with a clear perception of the purpose of their
union and their meeting, they would not desii-e that the exhorta-
tion of the preacher sliouk' be, what in the nature of things it
seldom can be, eloquent. It might cease then to be either a
despairing and over-wrought appeal to feelings which grow more
callous the oftener they are thus excited to no definite purpose,
or a childish discussion of some deep point in morality or divinity
better left to philosophers. It might then become weighty with
business, and impressive as an officer's address to his troops before
a battle. For it would be addressed by a soldier to soldiers in
the presence of an enemy whose character they understood, and
in the war with whom they had given and received telling blows.
It would be addressed to an ardent and hopeful association who
had united for the purpose of contending within a given district
against disease and distress, of diminishing by every contrivance
of kindly sympathy the rudeness, coarseness, ignorance, and im-
prudence of the poor, and the heartlessness and hardness of the
rich ; for the purpose of securing to all that moderate happiness
which gives leisure for virtue, and that moderate occupation which
removes the temptation of vice ; for the purpose of providing a
large and wise education for the young; lastly, for the purpose of
handing on the tradition of Christ's life, death, and resurrection,
maintaining the enthusiasm of humanity in all the baptised, and
preserving, in opposition to all temptations to superstition or
fanaticism, the fdial freedom of their worship of God.— SiB
John Seeley.
The Methods and Lessons of the Census
BY THE EDITOR
The results recorded in this volume represent the first scientific
attempt in the history of this country to discover the number of
those who attend places of worship in the Metropolis. In stating
this I do not forget either the Census of 1851 or the Census of 1886.
The former, instituted by the Goverment acting through Mr. Horace
Mann, is, however, of little value, owing to the fact that the
churches themselves furnished the returns.* For the latter we
are indebted to the enterprise of Dr. "W. Robertson Nicoll, who in
1886 started the British Weekly, the first issues of which journal
contained the results of his enumeration. The worth of these
results is incomparably greater than that of the results of 1851. The
fatal defect of Mr. Horace Mann's figures was recognised and
avoided. The principle of counting the worshippers as they
entered the various places of worship was adopted ; for this, I need
hardly say, is the only way by which to obtain accurate data.
But, although the Census of 1886 was conducted on this scientific
principle, it had certain drawbacks which I will briefly point out.
First, the enumeration of the whole of London, with the exception
of mission-halls, took place on one day — a heroic, gigantic, and,
in view of accuracy, well-nigh impossible task. Secondly, by re-
stricting attention to one day you only discover the attendance
under conditions of weather peculiar to that day If it is fine
you get an over, if wet an under, estimate. In the third place,
* On the first appearance of this statement in print, I received several indignant
letters from incensed correspondents charging me with gross unfairness to the
churches. It cannot be denied, however, that interested witnesses are biassed
witnesses, and though I should be quite ready to admit that the majority of
church members who acted as enumerators were, as regards honesty, above
suspicion, the fact remains that the presence of one "black sheep" would be
sufficient to vitiate the value of the returns.
I 1
2 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
the Census in question took no account of any services, eitlier
Masses of the Roman Catholic Church or early Communions of
the Established Church, preceding the 11 a.m. service; neither was
any attempt made to differentiate the sexes, nor to distinguish
children from adults; and, moreover, in the case of mission-halls,
"the returns were furnished by the parties in charge of the
haUs."
These are the considerations which lead me to speak of the
Daily News Census as the first "scientific attempt to discover the
number of those who attend places of worship in the MetropoHs."
The British Weekly returns are, nevertheless, most valuable for
purposes of comparison. Without them it would be impossible
for us to tell whether we are advancing or retreating in the matter
of social worship. On a later page it will be seen that Miss Jane T.
Stoddart has dealt in detail with this question.
As the value of figures depends upon the methods employed
in obtaining them, I will briefly describe those adopted in the
present instance.
I.— THE METHODS
Our first task was to get enumerators. For this purpose we
approached the Arm}'- and Navy Pensioners' Employment Society,
the Bessbrook Homes for Men, the Keates Advertising Agency,
and kindred organisations. By means of these and by advertising
we enrolled the names of six hundred men. By carefully weeding
out the unfit we secured four hundred picked workers, most of
whom had learnt, either in the Army or the Nav}^, habits of
punctuality, discipline, and obedience. From these four hundred
we selected two hundred superintendents, and from these two
hundred superintendents we made a further selection of thirteen
inspectors. Each enumerator received 2s. 6d. per Sunday, and Is.
for his expenses ; each superintendent 3s. Qd. per Sunday, and
Is. for his expenses ; each inspector 5s. per Sunday, and his actual
expenses.* The work was divided as follows : — At least one
enumerator was provided for each church door, and where necessary
two were appointed — one to count the women and girls, the other
the men and boys. In charge of the batch of enumerators attached
to a church was a superintendent, who was responsible for the
conduct of the men under him. He stationed them as the exigencies
of the case demanded, and signed a conduct report card which
* Those ratcB of pay were increas'^d proportionately in Greater London.
THE METHODS AND LESSONS OF THE CENSUS 3
each enumerator possessed. This card had to be shown before
the holder received his 'pa.j. Above the superintendents were the
inspectors. Each inspector visited the churches named on his
written instructions (varying in number according to their proximity
or distance apart) and saw that they were adequately manned; that
the men were neatly dressed, and were well supplied with material
for doing their work satisfactorily. His duty it was to sign the
superintendents' conduct cards, and to fill in and return to me by
the first post on Monday morning a report stating whether any men
had been late or absent, inefficient or idle. By this means I knew
before the men were paid on Monday night exactly how each
had behaved on the previous day. For recording the worshippers
I devised a card eight inches by six-and-a-half. At the top was
a space for the enumerator's name and address and the place of
worship to which he was appointed. The remaining space was
divided into small squares, with pronounced black lines separating
the portions devoted to registering the men and women respectively,
and less strongly marked lines for distinguishing the men and boys
and the women and girls. As each person entered the building
the enumerator made a stroke in the square to which that person
belonged. If several entered at once he put down the exact
number, e.g. 4 or 6, as the case might be. Thus it was possible for
one man at a place of worship sparsely attended to count all who
entered at one door. If a place of worship were largely attended
(which we ascertained beforehand) two enumerators were placed
at each door, one to count the women and girls, the other the
men and boys. The enumerators were present at the place of
worship half an hour before the doors were open, and they
remained for three-quarters of an hour after the service began.
At the conclusion of the morning enumeration the cards I have
described were handed to the superintendent, who distributed them
again when the men gathered for the evening enumeration, the
reverse side being used for this purpose. "When the evening
worshippers had been counted the superintendent collected the
cards, added up the figures, and transferred the totals to a stamped
addressed card, which he posted the same night, handing in his
enumeration cards on the following day. We thus had on Monday
morning the results of the enumeration of the attendance at every
church or mission-hall in the borough we had visited the day before.
The rule was one borough per Sunday, though occasionally we
were obliged by circumstances to make an exception and take two
4 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
boroughs. The most difficult portion of our work was finding out
the names and addresses of all the places of worship in the various
districts. Our list is the first complete record of these. Many of
the missions we discovered are not to be found either in the
Registrar-General's return or in any directories, official or otherwise.
I might state almost with truth that every street in the twenty-nine
boroughs has been individually investigated in order to discover
mission-rooms, mission-halls, and houses of God of the humbler
sort. Frequently no notice of times of service was exhibited out-
side places of worship, and often no board or bill of any description
witnessed to the presence of a tabernacle of the Most High. The
men were instructed by means of postcards as to where they were
to proceed on the Sunday, and by what means they could get
there. These instructions were sent out on Friday, and every
man employed was put on his honour not to divulge the borough
to be visited. The penalty for a breach of this trust was dis-
missal. I am glad to be able to report that, as far as I can trace,
in not a single instance was this confidence betrayed. Special
arrangements were made, and special rates of pay given, for early
morning and afternoon services. I have said enough to prove,
I think, that nothing was left undone that would ensure accuracy
and impartiality.
It is necessary that the services included in our enumeration
should be clearly defined. The morning returns for the Roman
Catholic Church include the attendance at every Mass from 6 a.m.
to 12 a.m. inclusive. The reason that we enumerated the attendance
at each Mass of the Roman Catholic Church is that attendance
at one Mass is compulsory, and those present at a particular Mass
do not attend again during the morning. Attendance at early
Communion, however, is not compulsory, and, as our investigations
proved, many of those attending these services do come again later
on in the morning. Our aim throughout has been to discover the
number of worshippers at the principal services. The Roman
Catholic Church not having one service which is, so to speak,
exalted above another, we had no option, but were obliged to enu-
merate the attendance at each Mass. In the Established Church
one service stands out because of its universality — viz., the Order
for Morning Prayer. The figures for the Established Church in
the morning represent all who were present at services held
from 9.30 to 11.45 inclusive. This was rendered necessary, and is
explained by the fact that in some instances two, and even three,
THE METHODS AND LESSONS OF THE CENSUS 5
services were held during the period I have named instead of one
principal service at eleven o'clock. The Nonconformist returns
for the morning represent those present at the eleven o'clock service
only. In the evening the attendance at the ordinary service alone
was enumerated : this applies to all the Churches alike. Distinct
from the services I have named, and not coming within the main
scope of our intention, were early Communion services, afternoon
services, weekday services, and Adult Schools. Early Communion
services were included in nine of the twenty-nine boroughs — viz.,
Stepney, Bethnal Green, Lewisham, Kensington, St. Marylebone,
Hackney, Southwark, Chelsea, and Camberwell. It will be observed
that the North, South, East, and West of London are all represented.
Moreover, each of these boroughs was selected because of its typical
character. Thus you have wealthy St. Marylebone and Kensington,
poor Stepney and Bethnal Green, working class Camberwell and
Southwark, middle class Hackney and Lewisham, while Chelsea
combines wealth and poverty. The returns for afternoon services
comprised meetings for men in the Established Church, P.S.A.'s
connected with the Nonconformist Churches, gatherings at Poly-
technics, Settlements, Y.M.C.A.'s, Y.W.C.A.'s, and conferences. One
day — viz., the first in Passover week — was devoted to enumerating
the attendance at every Jewish synagogue in London.
Our aim being to discover the number of those who were
voluntarily present at social worship, we excluded services held
in hospitals, workhouses, prisons, and other institutions. In every
borough, however, the number of those dwelling in these was
deducted from the population totals. Naturally wo were obliged
to leave the question, " When is a child not a child ? " to be
answered according to the common-sense of the enumerators. I
carefully instructed them to reckon those individuals as adults
whom they judged to be above fifteen years old. This age was
decided upon owing to its being the general legal limit to childhood.
Sunday schools, whether held in the morning or afternoon, were
not comprised in our object. Wherever there were separate services
for children, distinct from the Sunday school, held at an hour
corresponding to that of either the morning or evening service,
their attendance was enumerated, and the figures included in that
church's totals to which the children's service belonged. In every
case those officially connected with a place of worship, such as the
vicar, pastor, organist, verger, chapel-keeper, and members of
the choir, were included in the returns. In only seven cases were
e THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
our figures disputed. In each of these a recount was made which
completely substantiated and verified our first enumeration. We
were convicted of three errors on the ordinary returns, and four in
connection with early Communion services. In order to ascertain
the proportion of those who attend a place of worship both morning
and evening on a Sunday, various representative churches in several
boroughs were selected, and a slip of coloured paper (a different
colour for each church) was handed to every person as he or she
left the building in the morning, requesting the possessor to return
the said slip to one of the collectors were he or she present in
the evening. No objection to our request was ever raised bj-- the
worshippers ; the idea was courteously welcomed by them, and any
failure to bring the slips in the evening was apologised for to the
superintendent. By this means we obtained authoritative informa-
tion regarding " Twicers," * which will be found in Appendix A.
II.— THE LESSONS
Having explained the manner in which we secured our results,
I will proceed to draw the lessons I think they teach. The former
cannot be disproved ; time alone can justify or condemn the latter.
When I say the results cannot be disproved, I do not mean to assert
that the statistics which have been obtained with so much labour are
absolutely inerrant. Such inerrancy is an impossibility. They do,
nevertheless, approach as closely to perfect accuracy as is possible.
They are the nearest approximation that has yet been made, or
that is likely to be made, to an ideal which must remain for ever
incapable of realisation. Just as successive explorers, profiting by
the experience of their predecessors, have surpassed those pre-
decessors in their efforts to reach the Pole, so we, in our endeavour
to arrive at actual facts, may inscribe over our undertaking the
words, "Farthest North!"
I entirely agree with those who deny that, in matters pertaining
to religion, statistics are either the best or the final criterion. To
assert that the place of worship with the largest congregation is the
most successful would be as incorrect as to affirm the opposite.
Standards of success current in the market-place and on the Stock
Exchange are clumsy and inadequate scales to weigh "all, the world's
coarse thumb and finger fail to plumb." " In the sight of Him with
* The word " Twicers " was coined by Mr. Gladstone to denominate those who
attended a pUcj of worship twice on a Sunday.
THE METHODS AND LESSONS OF THE CENSUS 7
Whom we have to do," the work carried on in the humblest mission-
room in this great city may be opulent with success ; witnessing to
a piety amid palpitating temptations, and a self-sacrifice in the
presence of pressing poverty, to which crowded, wealthy, beautiful
buildings may be almost, if not utter, strangers. It would, indeed,
argue preposterous presumption if, with the story of the Founder
of Christianity before us, we reserved our encomiums for the note
of praise sounded by numerous and well-dressed worshippers
gathered in the "long-drawn aisle" beneath "the fretted vault,"
and had but words of half-veiled contempt for the " upper room,"
or the ugly mission-hall. On the other hand, it is indisputable that
figures are unimpeachable witnesses to vigour, progress, and interest.
The outstanding lesson of the Census is that the power of
preaching is undiminished. AVherever there is the right man in
the pulpit there are few, if any, empty pews. By the " right man "
I do not mean a genius. On the contrary, the preacher may be
"an extraordinarily ordinary" man, so long as he possesses strong
convictions, keen sympathies, and a magnetic personality. He must
have a large heart, and, if he is to be believed in by the people,
a small salary. Whatever may have been the case in the past,
I feel sure that to-day for a minister of the Gospel to receive an
income in excess of what is needed for ordinary comfort is a
stumbling-stone and a rock of offence. The masses subconsciously
believe that a large stipend is not in harmony with the teaching
and example of Jesus Christ. Each of us must determine for him
or herself whether that belief is justified. That it exists is
beyond question.* It will be noted that the Free Church f has a
* " But still it may be asked whether it would not have been an extraordinary-
gain to Christianity if those who are called to be its ministers, the missionaries
and pastors, had followed the Lord's rules. At the very least, it ought to be
a strict principle with them to concern themselves with property and worldly goods
only so far as will prevent them being a burden to others, and beyond that to
renounce them. I entertain no doubt that the time will come when the world will
tolerate a Hfe of luxury among those who are charged with the cure of souls as
little as it tolerates priestly government. Our feelings in this respect are becoming
finer, and that is an advantage. It will no longer be thought fitting, in the higher
sense of the word, for anyone to preach resignation and contentment to the poor,
who is well off himself, and zealously concerned for the increase of his property.
A healthy man may well offer consolation to the sick ; but how shall a man of
property convince those who have none that worldly goods are of no value ? The
Lord's injunction that the minister of the Word is to divest himself of worldly
possessions will still come to ibe honoured in the history of his communion." —
Adolf Haenack.
t The term " Free Church " includes those bodies represented on, and affiliated
with, the National Council of Free Evangelical Churches of England and Wales.
8 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
larger proportion of men attending her places of worship than the
Established Church. This, I think, is accounted for by the fact that
in the Free Church the emphasis is laid upon the sermon, whereas
in the Established Church it is laid upon the service. Men are
attracted by the former, women by the latter. It is frequently
urged by many that this emphasis on the sermon is misplaced ; that
a congregation should assemble to render homage to the Creator
rather than to receive instruction from His creatures. For my own
part, I fail to see the incompatibility of these two ideas. At the
same time, those who lay the greater stress on the sermon have
ample and sufficient warrant in the practice of Jesus Christ.
Extremely little is said in the reports of His work about the service ;
they are almost entirely concerned with the sermon. Moreover,
those who gathered about Him came most decidedly to listen to
"the gracious words which proceeded out of His mouth"; and
when they dispersed their prevailing impression was not of the
homage they had rendered, but of the " strange things " they
had heard.
The worship most acceptable to God is that of character. Such
worship must be perpetual, and, for the most part, unconscious.
Unless this state of waiting upon God is habitual, the adoption of
the attitude at set times and seasons is an empty farce. If my
contention be true, it follows that the service which is most
worshipful is the one that best aids the growth and development
of character. In this work the sermon plays, or should play, no
unimportant part. If the preacher is to apologise for his presence,
Christianity will soon have to explain its absence. In the
Established Church the sermon does not have the place to which
it is entitled ; in consequence, the preaching standard is not high,
I do not think it can be denied that the average sermon in the
Established Church is below the average Free Church sermon. In
the latter Church the service is sometimes so little regarded that
the items composing it are termed " preliminaries." In consequence,
those who appreciate music, a true aid to devotion, too often
have to endure semi-torment. No amount of grace will make
singing out of time or tune enjoyable, nor need the injunction to
" shout with a loud voice " be literally interpreted. It seems
to be imagined that beauty and simplicity must for ever be
divorced, whereas the very fact that the Free Church service is
so simple makes it all the more imperative that each item should
be carried out with th© utmost care. What is needed is increased
THE METHODS AND LESSONS OF THE CENSUS 9
attention to little things. Let the Established Church give a more
prominent place to the pulpit, and let the Free Church celebrate
the marriage of simplicity and beauty. If men are won by the
"foolishness of preaching," they are repelled by the foolishness of
preachers. The man for to-day and the future must believe
intensely and work indefatigably. He must proclaim the Christian
certainties, and wrestle with his doubts behind closed doors. He
must be sincere through and through, and touch hfe at every
point. He must be simple in his habits, and complex in his
interests. He must be enthralled with enthusiasm, and love men
well enough to make them crucify him. If it is possible, he should
have six years at college, but not at the expense of losing grip of
things as they are. However young he be, he must speak from
experience — that irrefutable witness — and "count all things but
loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus." Such
a man will never lack a congregation, even though, like his Master,
he have no desired beauty, or, with Paul, possess but a feeble
presence and a stammering tongue.
The second lesson the Census teaches is that the buildings we
erect in the future must be the antithesis of those now in existence,
if the working classes, and those below the working classes, are
to be found within them. Churches with cold, repellent stone
walls, furnished with forbidding, divisive pews (some cushioned and
carpeted, others bare and uncomfortable), badly lighted and worse
ventilated, must give place to large, handsome, central halls, well
lit and well ventilated, furnished throughout with seats of one
pattern, which permit of no arbitrary divisions based on class
distinctions. Pews with their attendant rents and proprietary
rights must provide " alms for obhvion." In a word, the
churches, instead of being built in a style which fosters the
spirit of caste, must symbolise in their architectui'e and their
adornment the universal Fatherhood of God, the universal
brotherhood of Man.
This hall or institutional church must be, will of necessity be,
the centre of active, aggressive, social work. Open seven days a
week, it will aim at the redemption and development of body,
mind, and soul, and, while seeking to transform the lives of men,
women, and children, will, at the same time, be equally anxious
to transform their environment. The establishment of society upon
the basis of brotherhood, of labour upon the basis of justice, of
commerce upon the basis of honesty, of patriotism upon the basis
10 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
of chant}', will be fought for as tenaciously and enthusiastically
as is the salvation of the individual.
This institutional church is, I am convinced, the solution of
the problem presented by closely-congested, densely-populated
neighbourhoods. In the returns given in this volume these
buildings shine, as regards the numbers attending them, like stars
in an inky firmament of failure. I do not deny that, given an
exceptionally able man, much may be done with places of worship
of a Gothic character, but the work is accomplished in spite of the
buildings ; and as extraordinary ability is the exception and ordinary
ability is the rule, it is desirable that the structures should aid,
not hinder, those in charge of them. I claim for the halls in
question that thej^ attract the people instead of deterring them.
The statistics for the Weslcyan Methodist Church amply sub-
stantiate this claim. The only places where, judging by figures,
they can be said to be successful, are their Central Missions ;
these illuminate an otherwise sombre record. The three years
system is, I believe, responsible in a large degree for that record.
That system, however well adapted for small towns and country
villages, is ill adapted for large towns and cities ; for it is a sheer
impossibility to build up a church in a large town or city in
less than five years, whilst in London it takes ten.* The returns
for the Baptist Church are a further proof of my contention.
Her tabernacles differ little from the Central Mission-halls of
the Wesleyan Methodist Church, and witness to a like success.
Both these bodies reach the masses. Apart from the Methodists
and the Baptists, the only other prosperous instances are due to
special men rather than sj)ecial methods ; and such instances, I
regret to say, are few and far between.
The third lesson emphatically enforced by the Census is that
even in neighbourhoods where both men and methods are alike
admirable, the majority of the inhabitants remain, owing to either
indifference or hostility, uninfluenced and untouched. How are
these to be reclaimed ? There is only one way — since they will
not come to us we must go to them, and go to them with our best,
not our feeblest. It is manifest from John Wesley's Journal that,
under God, we owe the religious revival of the eighteenth century
to the rc-discovery of Open-Air preaching. To-day that divine
* A special Commission was appointed by the Wesleyan Methodist Conference,
which met at Canibourne in 1903, to examine and report upon the condition of
the Wesleyan Methodist Church in London as revealed by the Census.
THE METHODS AND LESSONS OF THE CENSUS 11
method of winning men has fallen into desuetude and disrepute,
"We have thought that anything or anybody was good enough for
this work. As a result, preaching in the open air is almost the
monopoly of men as earnest as they are unwise. On Sunday
evenings, at occasional corners, a brother may be seen and heard
addressing a handful of people, the majority of whom have accom-
panied him from the church or mission to which he is attached.
The speaker has zeal, but it is " not according to knowledge," and
none who are jealous for the Christian religion can listen to him
without pain. Either text after text is hurled at the unfortunate
and unhappy auditor, without connection, rhyme, or reason ; or
statements are made, narrow in thought, exaggerated in language,
accompanied by promises of Heaven and threats of Hell, with an
intensity worthy a Savonarola and an omniscience unpardonable
in a Lord Chief Justice.*
I fail to understand why a method adopted so habitually and
with such success by Jesus Christ and His immediate disciples
should be left to those least able to make efEcient use of it. That
the noblest sermon the world has ever heard was delivered on a
mountain side is not without significance. We shall make no
progress in this direction, unless, instead of imagining that anything
or anybody is good enough for the open air, we select our tools
and do our work believing that nothing is too good. If there is
one place that makes greater demands than another it is the out-
door pulpit. Wisdom, tact, culture, experience, elocution, delivery
" are requisite and necessary, as well for the body as the soul."
Strong lungs and enthusiasm are not sufficient for these things.
There must be the wooing note, the reasoning together, combined
withrpersuasiveness and charm, if we are to accomplish what our
predecessors accomplished. The "man in the street" is suffering
from soul atrophy, the natural result of disuse of that organ,
and needs the aid of the most skilful physicians if he is to be
restored. It is the spiritual specialist who in the future must
be found in the open air, even though he have to leave his own
congregation to the tender mercies of an inexperienced practitioner ;
better " the whole " should suffer than " they that are sick." My
proposal is that during the summer months, on fine evenings, the
most influential preachers should close their churches, and with
* I gladly acknowledge that the Church Army, the West London Mission,
the Open-Air Mission, and other kindred bodies hold open-air services, when
trained preachers address the people. This but enforces my appeal.
12 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
their choirs and congregations, go out into the streets and lanes
of the city, and compel the people to listen to them. I do not
think they would need much compelling. The " common people "
would hear them gladly ; the uncommon people, too, would
listen to the right men. Many are full of secret loathing ; " deep
weariness and sated lust" have "made human life a hell." At
least, let the experiment be tried. Let the Bishop of London,
Dr. Clifford, the Dean of Westminster, Dr. Horton, the Eev. R. J.
Campbell, and the Rev. F. B. Meyer, to name but a few, preach
in the various parks, and the movement would spread. The
provinces would follow suit, the villages in turn would respond,
and there would bo a shaking of the nation such as has not
been witnessed since "Wesley's death. Apart from the effect on
the unconverted, the good resulting to the churches would be
incalculable. Many congregations are suffering from spiritual
indigestion, brought on by over-indulgence at a table which
groans beneath the " means of grace." Freely they have received ;
let them as freelj'^ give.
Again, who can say what indirect good might be done, what
misunderstandings might be removed in the presence of clamant
needs and hungry necessities ? Things would assume their true pro-
portions. There would be a readjustment of the focus which
would enable us to distinguish between the temporal and the
eternal, between the real and the superficial, between the gnat
and the camel, between trees and men. Faced by the halt, the
lame, the blind, the leprous, the devil-possessed, the weary, the
burdened, the despairing — a pitiful host — our differences might
melt in the white heat of a passionate compassion. We should
be constrained to proclaim the one truth the Churches ggree
upon — viz., that Jesus Christ is the only Saviour of our
sin-sick humanity. With our present methods we preach to
almost the same congregations Sunday after Sunday. Those
outside do not come in — they will not come in; we must go to
lanes and docks, to wharves and parks, to courts and squares, to
highways and byways ; otherwise we lack the true missionary
spirit, nor are we treading in the footsteps of Him who, moved
by a divine discontent, was not satisfied with the ordinary and
seasonable opportunities of worship prescribed by custom or laid
down by law, but " went about doing good," and remains for
ever the pattern and type of that ample spirit which seeks in order
that it may save.
THE METHODS AND LESSONS OF THE CENSUS 13
The fourth and last lesson I draw from the Census is that, if
the future is to be more bright than the present, the gospel we
preach must cover the whole of a man's life. "We owe the revival
of the eighteenth century to the rediscovery of the worth of
the individual soul and its personal responsibility. The revival
of the twentieth century we shall owe to the discovery of the
worth of the entire man and the responsibilities of the community.
Our forefathers were content with a Heaven after death ; we
demand a Heaven here. They regarded themselves as pilgrims
with no continuing city, " mere desert-land sojourners " ; we are
determined that this Metropolis shall become the City of God.
Nothing has so alienated the people from the ministrations of the
"Word as the age-long opposition of the Churches to their most
elementary rights as human beings. Institutions are conservative,
and the Churches as institutions have almost invariably been on
the side of tyranny and oppression. It is to the reformer we owe
our progress, not to the Churches ; to the man who has broken
away from institutions in order that he may act in accordance
with the light of the knowledge which has been revealed to
him. The people have wrested every privilege they possess out
of tightly-grasped, unwilling hands. If the Churches are to be
loved they must lead. They must be in the van, not the rear,
of progress if they are to be believed in. That gospel which
does not concern itself with man's body, mind, and environment,
as well as his soul, is a contradiction in terms, a travesty of
truth, a mockery of religion ; it is no " good news," and usurps a
title to which it has no claim. U we cannot make our politics
part of our religion, we have no right to cast even a vote. If we
cannot take our Christianity into a Borough Council, we ourselves
ought to remain outside. If the message we believe in does not
rank us in eternal, vehement opposition against the sweater, the
slum-landlord, the trafficker in human lives, we need not expect
the masses to take seriously either it or us. If cleaner streets,
better housing, sweeter homes do not come within the scope of
our aim, neither wiU those who are convinced that they have a
right to these things come within the shadow of our places of
worship. If we are not for ever seeking to remove the shackles
which fetter men's bodies, minds, and spirits, we have yet to learn
the alphabet of the programme of Christianity. The Spirit of the
Lord is not upon us unless our tidings to the poor are "good
tidings." If they are, each of us wiU be able to take the ancient
14 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
noble words — and I know none more lovely — of the old Arab
Sheik to himself, and the problem of the Churches will be solved :
For when the ear heard me, then it blessed me ;
And when the eye saw me, it gave witness unto me :
Because I dehvered the poor that cried,
The fatherless also, that had none to help him.
The blessing of him that was ready to perish came upon me ;
And I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy.
I put on righteousness, and it clothed me ;
My justice was as a robe and a diadem.
I was eyes to the blind.
And feet was I to the lame.
I was a father to the needy :
And the cause of him that I knew not I searched out.
The Results of the Census
BY THE EDITOR
The investigations made by the Daily News extended over a
year — namely, from November 1902 to November 1903; and the
actual time occupied in obtaining the returns was eleven months,
the month of August being observed as a holiday. The first day
in Passover week, the day on which we enumerated the attendance
at Jewish synagogues, fell on Easter Sunday; with this notable
exception, no enumeration took place on Easter Sunday, neither
was the attendance at any place of worship enumerated on Christmas
or Whit Sunday. Unfortunately for the Churches, the year 1903
has been an abnormal one as regards weather. Up to 1903, the
year 1824 held the rain-fall record. In that year, 36-3 inches fell ;
in the present year, writing in November, 36*34 inches have already
fallen. Though an abnormal year is for many reasons to be
regretted, I hope to prove later on that adverse weather conditions
do not affect church attendance to the extent generally imagined.
I will first deal with the results for London proper. The total
number of places of worship visited by the enumerators was
2,688; of this number 62 were Jewish synagogues. The area
represented by London is that covered by the twenty-nine
municipal units. The following is a brief summary of the results.
The total number of attendances recorded in London was 1,003,361.
A large number of worshippers included in this total attended
chiu'ch twice on a Sunday. By a method detailed in the previous
article we discovered that the percentage of " Twicers " for the
whole of London is 39 per cent.* This reduces the total from
1,003,361 to 832,051. This, therefore, is the total number of
ivorshippers^ as distinguished from the total number of attendances.
The population of the twenty-nine boroughs forming London is
4,536,641. From this figure, however, must be deducted the number
of those who live in institutions — namely, 66,237 ; this reduces the
total available population to 4,470,304. Writing in the Daily N&ivs of
* This is the revised estimate ; the original estimate, given in the Daily News of
July 9th, 1903, was 35 per cent.
15
16
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
July 9th, 1903, I estimated that 50 per cent, of the population could,
if they wished, attend a place of worship at least once on a
Sunda}'. Further thought and examination of available data have
confirmed rather than altered that estimate. At the same time I
must admit it is a generous estimate ; if it errs it is on the side of
charity. The estimate allows, of course, for the inmates of insti-
tutions already referred to, and includes, in addition, all who are :
1. Too young to go to church.
2. Too old.
3. Too busy.
4. Too sick.
Presuming this estimate to be correct, we find that the number of
those who could, if they would, go to a place of worship regularly
is 2,285,152. This leaves a difference between the ideal and
the actual of 1,403,101 persons, or 58 per cent., giving us an
actual one out of a possible three.* It is upon these 1,403,101
persons, this 58 per cent., that the Churches have to concen-
trate their energies. If each church-goer made him or herself
responsible for one non-church-goer, there would still be 571,050
persons unaccounted for. I have already referred to adverse weather
conditions. In order to discover to what extent these conditions
are responsible for non-church-going, we enumerated the attendances
at certain churches on both wet and fine days, with the following
interesting results :
WEATHER.
CHURCH.
Mopiing.
Afternoon.
BTening.
Total.
Fine Day.
St. Margaret's, Chevening
Road, Croydon.
222
174
396
Wet „
St. Margaret's, Chevening
Road, Croydon.
223
221
444
Wet „ (Dec).
Chatsworth Road, Baptist,
Lambeth.
888
1050
1938
Fine „ (May).
Chatsworth Road, Baptist,
Lambeth.
942
...
966
1908
Wet „
St. Paul's Cathedral.
958
1325
2283
Fair „
)> 1)
2327
2412
4739
Wet „
St. .Tames the Less, Bethnal
Green, Men's Afternoon
Service.
3.57
\
357
Fine „
St. James the Less, Bethnal
Green, Men's Afternoon
i
Service.
735
•••
735
The exact figure is 2"68,
THE RESULTS OF THE CENSUS 17
The difference of attendance between the two days in the case
of morning and evening services is not great. Those who are
detained at home by wet weather are :
1. The delicate.
2. The aged.
3. Young children.
4. Those who are on the look-out for an excuse to remain
at home.
Those who form the habit of attending a place of worship on a
Sunday go rain or shine. Nevertheless, weather conditions do
affect to a considerable extent afternoon services, also services
held in such centres as St. Paul's Cathedral.
I now come to the results for Greater London. Here the
enumerators visited 1,338 places of worship. The area of our
investigations was the urban districts lying wholly or partly
within a twelve mile radius of Charing Cross, with the exception
of Barking, Erith, and Bexley.* The population of these investi-
gated districts, excluding dwellers in institutions, is 1,770,032. The
total number of attendances recorded is 510,664, From this total
36 per cent, (the average of " Twicers " in Greater London) must
be deducted ; the actual number of worshippers is therefore
420,382. Carrying the estimate of those; who could if they desired
attend a place of worship at least once on a Sunday — viz., 50
per cent. — into Greater London, we find the number of possible
worshippers to be 886,016. This leaves a difference on the debit
side of 464,634 or 63 per cent,, an actual one out of a possible
two.f
The Churches have to fix their attention in Greater London
on these 464,634 persons. If each person who goes to church
in Greater London made him or herself responsible for one non-
church-goer, there would still be 44,262 persons unaccounted for.
Combining the results for London and Greater London, we
find that the total population is 6,240,336, exclusive of those
dwelling in institutions. The combined attendances amount to
1,514,025, giving a ratio of 1 in 4*11 of the population. The
* The reason these districts were not included is due to the fact that only very
small portions of them lie -within the radius named ; the borders of the County of
London on the south-eastern side being almost conterminous with the said radius,
A portion of the Croydon Rural District, immediately adjoining the County of
London, lying wholly within the area described, is included in our returns.
t The exact figure is 1 in 2 "10,
2
18 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
average of those attending a place of worship twice on a
Sunday in London and Greater London is 38 per cent.; this
reduces the total of 1,514,025 (attendances) to 1,262,433 (worshippers),
giving a ratio of 1 in 5 of the population. In other words, four
persons out of every five, not dwelling in institutions, are either
careless or hostile as regards public worship.
The total number of worshippers, as distinct from attendances,
is made up as follows :
Church of England 538,477
Nonconformist Churches 545,317
Roman CathoUc Church 96,281
Other Services 72,358
Total 1,252,433
Before concluding, I wish to point out that we found after
long and careful observation that the number of those at-
tending Mass twice on a Sunday morning at Eoman Catholic
places of worship did not average one per cent, of the attend-
ances. On the other hand we discovered that those attending
early Communion services in the Church of England do, in the
majoiity of cases, come again to a later morning or evening
service. We were not able to arrive at any definite conclusions,]
in London, as to the effect of weather conditions on attendance
in different districts. In Greater London, however it was possible
to secure valuable data, owing to the fact that several areas'
were visited on one Sunday. Curiously enough, the districts
showing the highest and lowest ratio of attendance were enumerated]
on the same day — viz., Barnet, with a ratio of 1 in 1"66, andj
Tottenham, with a ratio of 1 in 6-06. On another occasion, when
wet weather prevailed, the ratio varied from 2-63 in Bromley
(possessing a scattered population), to 3-48 in Penge (possessing]
a concentrated population).
The Problem of East London
BY PERCY ALDEN, M.A.
The publication of tlie Daily News Census, togetlaer with the
almost simultaneous appearance of Mr. Charles Booth's book on
the religious influences of London, has roused into strenuous
activity not only the critics in different religious denominations,
but thoughtful people in every section of society. Nothing creates
greater interest in men's minds than the subject of religion, or its
twin sister politics — which, rightly understood, is only applied
religion. The churches have had to submit to a very severe and
drastic test ; the result is some considerable degree of friction
between the critics and the criticised. The splendid achievement of
the Daily News now enables us to estimate with fair accuracy the
number of church-goers in any district of London ; and not only
so, but to discriminate between the sexes, and between adults and
children. In addition to this, we have also a rough and ready,
but approximate, test for determining the number of those who
attend more than once on any one Sunday; the number of men
attending at Pleasant Sunday Afternoons; and, in the case of the
Church of England, the number of those who are in the habit of
attending Early Communion.
The last religious Census of the London churches was in
October 1886, when, at the instance of the British Weekly, a hurried
and somewhat insufficient numbering of the people of Israel was
made. Nevertheless, this attempt enables us to perceive that
since that date great changes have taken place in the religious
life of the people, and some of these changes offer serious food
for reflection, not only to those who are especially concerned in
the subject, but also to all reformers and statesmen. There can
be no doubt that the altered attitude, especially of the working
classes, towards the churches, and in a lesser degree towards
religion, can be traced to a few great main causes, and chief
among them the industrial revolution which has transformed
19
20 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
England from an agricultural community living in villages and
small towns to an industrial population aggregated together in
large cities, or, as in the case of London, in a congeries of large
cities. It is true, as the old Greek philosopher said, that man is
by nature a social animal, and it is in the very nature of things
that growing social desires should play a large part in the rapid
development of the city; but more powerful still is the effect of
machinery and the factory system, together with the stress of
competition which has been the inevitable result. In England
to-day 72 per cent, of the population live in urban sanitary
districts — they are, by the way, sometimes insanitary districts —
and only 28 per cent, reside in rural districts. These figures
would not have the same gravity were it not for the fact that
a considerable proportion of the 72 per cent, live together under
conditions that are unfavourable to health, in overcrowded tene-
ments and insanitary areas. The effect upon the moral and
physical nature is so undoubtedly bad that the city, to some
reformers, is no longer the objective embodiment of the higher
life of man, but a terrible maelstrom of degradation, into which
men and women are being rapidly sucked, and in which they are
finally engulfed. Those of us who have lived in such districts
have seen the process of demoralisation and destruction. Some
go down in silence, with dull apathy stamped upon their faces;
some are swallowed up shrieking and cursing, knowing only too
weU the fate that awaits them. But the victims do not decrease ;
year after year they pour in, hordes of helpless creatures, sinned
against and sinning, yet all with some desire for happiness, some
spark of divinity, some possibility of redemption. Life in the
peaceful little country village, with its many disadvantages, did
certainly offer more opportunities of cultivating the higher nature,
wherever the inclination was present. Generally speaking, the
labourer had no desire to forsake the traditions of his forefathers
who slept in the little churchyard. The parson was almost as
powerful as the squire, and attendance at church was certainly
expected, even if such anticipations were not always realised. The
Dissenter, on the other hand, also attended regularly his place of
worship, although in his case, perhaps, the driving force was
more often within than without. In those days there was no
doubt in men's minds as to the verbal inspiration of the Bible,
and very little doubt as to the infallibility of the parson. Church-
going was cu55tomary and respectable. Men and women regarded
THE PROBLEM OF EAST LONDON 21
tlie House of God, with all its associations at baptism, marriage,
and death, as almost, if not quite, the chief factor in their lives.
A change has come over the spirit of the scene. It is not merely
that the doctrine of evolution, the higher criticism, the general
feeling of unrest have affected the old traditional habit of mind
and thought, although these have been very powerful influences
in many sections of society; but Hfe is absolutely not the same
thing — we live under conditions which seem to divorce us from
the past. The metamorphosis is complete. Trees and fields have
given way to bricks and mortar; streets and not gardens are the
playground; homes are changed to "rents"; men have become
" hands " ; the neighbour and friend is the " lady that lives next
door " ; the pubHc-house takes the place of the church — for it is
almost the only social link in some poor districts, and everywhere
it enters largely into the new social scheme. All ties with the
past have been broken, and especially the bond of religion;
disintegration has set in.
Under the competitive regime^ when the wheels of progress are
whirling at such tremendous speed, to use a phrase of an American
writer, "the centrifugal force acts powerfully," and under this
process men tend to become disconnected, unsympathetic, and
antagonistic. Li fact, the social bond is weakened in every
direction. We are accustomed to say that in all healthy comj)e-
tition there should be mobility of labour ; but the more mobile the
working classes are, the less social do they become, so that all
neighbourly affection disappears — there are no common interests
to cement the scattered units. With the other social ties
disappears the powerful uniting force of religion. How far the
Churches will be able to counteract this centrifugal tendency I
cannot tell, but I feel sure that it is the centripetal force we
need, something that will keep the various elements in their
place, making a social cosmos a possibility. Are we to witness,
during the next ten years, a renaissance of the Christian social
spirit? If not, it seems to me that the problem, in East London
at any rate, is beyond solution. We are all agreed that the
application of Christianity to the social conditions of our common
life, through the regeneration of the individual man, would effect
all that is required. We aU feel that our present civilisation will
not stand the test of " absolute ethics," and that any progress
in the future will be co-extensive with and dependent upon the
development of religious feeling, thought, and action. Business
22 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
must be spiritualised, the State Christianised, and religion
humanised.
I may be allo^red to say this aU the more emphatically because
it is the result of nearly twelve years' experience in East London.
If the churches have a problem in the City, how much greater
is that problem in East London, and how crying the necessity
for a religion which wiU alchemise the base dross of slum life
into something like pure and refined gold! Later on I may,
perhaps, be allowed to state my own conclusions as to the methods
that must be employed ; but for the moment, let us glance at East
London, which is assuredly the crux of the whole situation.
East London is not essentially criminal ; it is not the haunt and
home of the hooligan and ruffian to anything like the extent that is
generally supposed ; it is simply a huge, aggregated mass of sordid
poverty, relieved by many touches of that unfailing generosity
and sympathy which are essentially the virtues of the working
classes.
I shall never forget almost my first sight of East London. It
was a wild and stormy day, and the wind seemed to bear with it
sheets of cold and piercing rain. As I passed down the street,
the crouching figure of a little girl about nine years old, forcing
her way against the rain and wind, attracted my attention. She
tottered along under the weight of a bundle she was carrying,
vainly trying to protect herself and it by a thin, worn shawl which
she pulled tightly about her.
Knowing that she must be drenched to the skin, I crossed
the road and asked her where she was going. She mentioned
the shop of a weU-known maker of cheap clothing who acted
as middleman and contractor for a considerable portion of East
London. Her mother had been machining shirts at the rate of
eightpence per dozen, and her little daughter, to save time, was
taking them back to the factory. After paying her fare to the
factory (for the Uttle girl was an East End child, and unwilling
to trust me to see that the clothes were sent) I paid a visit to
the home. It was the usual story ; the mother was a widow
whose husband had been killed by an accident in the docks,
breaking his back by falling down the hold of a ship. The
widow was too young to receive help from the Poor Law
Authorities, and she would probably have refused it even if it
had been offered. Several children at home made it impossible
for her to go out to work, so there was nothing for it but a
THE PROBLEM OF EAST LONDON 23
sewing machine, and twelve hours a day of sweated, underpaid
labour. Like Dr. Johnson's washerwoman, she had no time to
weep and little time to rest. The utmost labour of which she
was capable would just produce the absolute necessaries of life
for herself and her children.
The story is typical of tens of thousands of others, and only
faintly indicates the far lower deeps to be found in the slums
of our great towns. In East London alone there are one
hundred thousand men and women who have reached so low a
point in the social ab3^ss that it may be safely said that their
removal would mean an immense gain to the people left behind.
A materialist would add that if they were drowned in the middle
of the Atlantic, the world would be all the better.
While this is true of a very large part of the population, we
must be careful not to judge the East End by a Great Pearl
Street or a Dorset Street of Whitechapel, an Orchard House of
Blackwall, or the Devons Road and Carr Street areas of Lime-
house ; these are black spots, and give little idea of the general
average of life, which is, at the worst, unfortunate and sordid.
It is possible, of course, to tell tales of vice and crime about
many mean streets, but in these same mean streets we may
witness the heroism of both men and women, and everywhere
we may find some laughter, some happiness, and abundant self-
sacrifice. East London itself has greatly changed within the
memory of middle-aged men. At one time shipowners, wealthy
and enterprising, made their home in Poplar and Stepney, just
as on the other side of the River Lea, until a comparatively
recent date, a colon}'- of Quakers made Plaistow a beautiful
village. Many working men have told me of market gardens
and dairy farms on the fields at the back of Poplar Hospital,
where now radiate long lines of jerry-built, monotonous streets.
The movement has been outward; the well-to-do have left East
London altogether; the middle classes have migrated to the outer
East ; the spread of the Jews and the changes in the shipping trade,
the various clearances of insanitary property, the erection of model
block-dwellings, — all these have had their effect upon the East
End. There is far more uniformity now than there ever was,
and unfortunately the average is lower rather than higher. In
this sense, certainly, poverty has increased, although it is
probable that the great extremes are not found so^frequently as
in the past.
24 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
RESULTS OF THE CENSUS
On the whole, perhaps, it may be said that Mr. Charles
Booth's book is not inconsistent with the results of the Daily
News Census, though it must be admitted that, , so far as figures
and details are concerned, one would prefer to trust the work
of the newspaper rather than that of the investigator. Some of
Mr. Booth's judgments we shall refer to in the course of this
article ; but for the present let us examine the totals in East
London. The population of East London, comprising the districts
of Shoreditch, Bethnal Green, Poplar, Hackney, and Stepney,
amounts to 919,043, and the number of attendances at churches
and chapels resulting from the Census (the weather in every
case being fine), is as foUows : men, 47,282 ; women, 61,301 ;
and children, 70,930. It must be remembered that the Census,
rightly or wrongly, fixes on the age of fifteen as the limit of
childhood, and for that reason we must expect that, amongst the
number of so-called "adults," there would be a large number of
boys and girls between the ages of fifteen and eighteen ; of
course, this in no way invalidates the general conclusions arrived
at by the Census ; but it may modify our judgment in deciding
what proportion of men or women attend a place of worship.
"We have also to remember that the investigations made at a
large number of churches and chapels disclosed the fact that
35 per cent., or roughly one-third, of those attending a place of
worship, attend twice in one day. This means that some 30,000
men, 39,000 women, and 48,000 children put in regular rather
than casual attendances. It ought to be added that these figures
include the Jewish Church, and that 12,627 are enumerated as
attending Jewish services, some of the synagogues being crowded
to overflowing. In considering these figures we must also bear
in mind that a very much larger proportion of the middle class
in East London — namely, the shopkeepers, clerks, etc. — attend a
place of worship than the working classes proper. It is almost a
universal rule that, as the middle classes move out, congregations
decline, though this is partly accounted for by the difficulty which
the churches seem to find in adapting themselves to their altered
conditions.
The first and most noticeable result of our examination of the
census totals is the discovery that the Anglican Church, which
is supposed to be strongest in poor districts owing to the
THE PEOBLEM OF EAST LONDON 25
excellent work done by a certain section of the High Church
clergy, is not nearlj'- as strong as was anticipated. The Non-
conformists, on the other hand, were generally supposed to be
weak in East London ; but their numbers are on the increase.
Thus the attendances at the Established Church amounted to
60,086, as against the attendance at the Nonconformist churches
of 81,816. This result is, of course, quite independent of the
Roman Catholics and the Jews, and of all services which cannot
be classed as Nonconformist. As to the relative strength of the
Free Churches, it is only necessary to state that the Congre-
gationalists, who come in for such severe condemnation at the
hands of Mr, Booth, number 24,223 ; the Baptists, who are praised
for their austerity, 18,686; and the "Wesleyans, whose methods
are criticised, 13,308. "VVe fear it must be admitted that in all
three denominations there are some churches which might almost
as well be closed, so little work do they do, and so little influence
do they exercise ; but, on the other hand, many of them, Congre-
gationalists included, are doing magnificent work amid surroundings
that would make the bravest man despair. There are several
reasons which might be adduced for the relative weakness of the
Church of England, but undoubtedly one cause of its non-success
in East London, as compared with West London, is that attendance
at the Established Church in the East End confers nothing like the
social status and prestige that it does in the West ; other causes
we will discuss later. Another point that emerges is the extra-
ordinary weakness of the Salvation Army. The attendances in
1886 were 3,123 ; in 1903 they have doubled, it is true, and are
now 6,376 ; but this is a wretchedly inadequate total for a population
of nearly a million after all these years of unremitting work,
and points to some serious weakness in Army methods. Even
from the total that we have given we fear we must deduct a
considerable number in the persons of those who attend the
services held in shelters. Thus the Whitechapel Road shelter
had 232, and Hanbury Street 200. While attendance may not
have been compulsory, it is more or less regarded as such b}^ all
those who use the shelters, and, indeed, we may be quite sure
that not five per cent, of the shelter inmates would attend a
place of worship in the ordinary course of events. When we
remember that the Congress Hall in Linscott Road, Hackney,
furnishes 2,649, and Mare Street, Hackney, 708, we can easily see
how powerless the Salvation Army is in the remaining districts
26 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
of the East End. But for their social work and the great hall
at Clapton, the Salvation Army would have been wiped out.
POVERTY AND LOW ATTENDANCES
An examination of the attendance figures in the different
districts seems to prove that the poorer the district the less inclina-
tion is there to attend a place of worship ; and if this be so, it
can only be accounted for either on the ground that poverty
brings its disability and makes attendance impossible, or on the
supposition that poverty and the social conditions implied by
poverty produce a condition of carelessness and apathy, ' which
will account not only for the infrequency of attendance at church
or chapel, but for the lack of interest in life as a whole. Let
us look at this point in the light of the great housing problem.
It seems to me an undoubted fact that, as overcrowding and single-
roomed tenements produce demoralisation and degradation, these
influences will undoubtedly have a deteriorating effect upon the
religious life of the people. The figures seem to prove that
the better the district in this respect the better the attendance.
An examination of Hackney, as compared with Hackney Wick,
a much poorer district, bears out this view. Thus in Hackney,
where the density of the population is only 65, and on the area
available for building about 80 per acre, we have a fairly good
attendance — the best in East London— in the morning one in eight,
and in the evening one in seven, the aggregate attendance being
one in four of the population. Now Hackney happens to have very
large open spaces, and of^its 3,299 acres 618 cannot be built upon —
a proportion of 18'7 per cent. If Hackney could be as thickly
populated as Marylebone, there would be room for 120,000 more
people. A very large percentage of those attending church —
nearly 35 per cent. — is present both morning and evening. Hackney
Wick, on the other hand, is a much poorer district, made up
of failures and the very poor who have drifted in from other
parts of East London. They are the flotsam and jetsam of the
East End — not criminal in any sense, merely the crushed and
downtrodden, , the wrecks of humanity. In this district we find
the universal verdict to be that the people are hard to move,
and that the attendances will not bear comparison with Hackney
proper. Thus Church of England, Wesleyans, Baptists, and Salva-
tion Army aU find the same difficulty. The success of the Roman
THE PROBLEM OF EAST LONDON 27
Catholics goes to prove that a considerable portion of the popu-
lation is Irish or Italian. On the other hand, in the district
around Dalston, which seems to have kept some considerable pro-
portion of the middle classes, and where, on certain estates, no
liquor licences are allowed, the attendance at places of worship
is surprisingly good.
Now let us compare with Hackney the comparatively small
borough of Shoreditch, the third smallest in London, only one
square mile in area. It is so fully built upon that its population
per acre is 189, and the neighbourhood has reached " saturation
point." It possesses 6,705 one-room and 7,609 two-room tenements,
together with 290 public-houses— one to every 449 inhabitants.
As we should expect, if our hypothesis is a sound one, it is
extremely low down in the list of attendances, being last but one.
In the morning one person in sixteen, and in the evening one
person in eleven, was present at a place of worship. The men
are conspicuous by their absence both • morning and evening : in
the morning one in twenty-three, and in the evening one in
nineteen ; while the women are one in nineteen in the morning
and one in ten at night. This same test may be applied to
the other districts that are overcrowded and poor. Stepney,
Poplar, and Bethnal Green are all low down on the list, Bethnal
G-reen being last but four, and Poplar last but six. Bethnal G-reen
is also one of the smallest and one of the poorest of the London
boroughs. It has a population of 127,601, with a density of 169
to the acre ; it possesses 5,378 one-room and 7.264 two-room
tenements, and some portions of Bethnal Green have a greater
percentage of poverty than almost any part of London. In
Bethnal Green there is a great lack of open spaces, one of the
very few spots being the recreation-ground at the Boundary Street
area managed by the L.C.C., a district that has not been wholly
redeemed by the clearance of the Council and the new dwellings.
All denominations alike are in agreement as to the difficulty of
working in Bethnal Green, especially in the worst areas, and the
figures, even when allowances are made for the large number of
Jews, are extremely suggestive. Neither does there seem to be
any improvement during the last few years. If the attendances
are stationary, and in some cases decreasing, we may point out
that both indoor and outdoor pauperism have grown rapidly.
Between 1878 and 1895 they more than doubled ; and since 1895,
notwithstanding the careful administration of the Board of Guardians,
28 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
indoor pauperism has made headway. Of course, it would be unfair
to suppose that any hard-and-fast rule could possibly apply in all
cases when considering the connection between poverty and church-
attendance ; but it seems fairly certain that in the majority of
instances the rule holds good, and if so, we have a clue at once
to one of the root-difficulties of the whole question.
CLASSES OF NON-ATTENDANTS
"Who are these people who fail to attend any place of worship ?
Are they working classes or the middle class ? Why do they fail
to attend ? Are they antagonistic or merely apathetic ? Does
their social condition make it easy or difficult to be present at a
place of worship on Sunday? These are some of the questions
which we all naturally ask, and so far as East London is
concerned and my experience goes, I should be inclined to say
that those who fail to attend are chiefly the working classes, and
not the shopkeepers, except the very small shopkeepers of the
lowest type. The two classes who abstain from attendance at a
place of worship are : —
1. The estranged and antagonistic.
2. The apathetic and the careless.
There are, of course, many subdivisions of these two classes,
not to speak of the criminal population, but for all practical
purposes these two divisions cover the great majority of non-
attendants.
There is far less open antagonism and hostility to religion and
religious influences than there used to be. Ten years ago I found
a considerable amount of undisguised hatred both of the parson
and of the Church. To-day there is little of this to be found,
although it must be admitted that neither Church nor parson is
loved by the Socialist working man, or the Trade Unionist with
a strong political leaning. Moreover, an intimate acquaintance
with many thousands of men has taught me that, even when
there is no hostility whatever to religion, there is a sort of sub-
conscious and unrecognised feeling of antagonism, to the Church
as an institution or corporate body, and to the parson as a paid
teacher of religion. Much of this can be overcome, and is constantly
being overcome, by the man who makes his church the home of
the people during the week, and who meets them both Sundays
and week-days on a footing of equality, as a man among men,
THE PROBLEM OF EAST LONDON 29
a brother and a friend. Wherever a clinrch. is successful in the
highest and truest sense, one may be perfectly sure that it is the
man and not the clergyman — the personality and not the pro-
fession—that has appealed. Mr. Booth says that the mass of the
population remains " alienated or unconcerned." On the whole it
seems to me to be a true verdict, and so far as this is the
effect of professionalism in the Church, or disregard for the social
welfare of the working classes, the evil can surely be remedied.
The question of apathy and unconcern is really more difficult
than the question of antagonism. It seems to me to be due as
much as anything to the social conditions which make life not
only hard and tiresome, but also empty and vacuous. The
opportunities in East London for healthy interests are few and
far between ; the poor are weighed down by disadvantages of
which even they themselves are unconscious. Many of them are
ignorant of the nature of their own position. The pity of it is
that they do not desire 'anything better or higher. The poverty-
stricken East-Ender is like Lazarus, dead and buried under a mass
of social disability and injustice : long hours of monotonous toil,
long weeks of unemployment, insanitary houses, overcrowding,
inadequate wages, irregular work, lack of contact with nature,
lack of fresh air and water, a dearth of healthy amusement and
recreations — all these things are so many stones laid at the mouth
of the sepulchre, which the churches are called upon to roll away
in order that the spiritual nature of man may arise from the dead.
"We expect too much if we expect that these people, with little
or no hope in life, will ever be anything but apathetic towards
the Church ; they must be given more outlook and more uplook ;
they must be taught to comprehend the evil conditions of their
own life ; they must be trained to remedy these conditions, and
so far as possible the strong arm of the Church and the still
stronger arm of the municipality must give that opportunity for
physical and mental development, without which, I fear, the spiritual
life becomes an impossibility.
Meanwhile we hear that in many parts of the East End, especi-
ally in the poorest districts, the people will take to anything that
is novel and fresh, but they have no persistence ; they go to
church as a favour to the visitor who calls ; they desire some
attraction beyond the ordinary service ; they need, in fact, a
special service every day — something which will give a little
interest to a hfe which is dull and monotonous. Nothing surprises
30 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
me more than the attendance at a Harvest Festival. To very few
has the harvest any special significance, and many of them have
never seen a field of ripened corn ; but nothing gives them greater
pleasure than the sight of huge stacks of corn and oats, of vege-
tables and fruits, of flowers and garden produce. Even legs of
mutton have been known on one or two occasions to have been
presented as gifts and hung up with the fruits of the field, to
the great satisfaction of the donor.
The attendance at the Harvest Festival has not the same ex-
planation as that of the New Year's Eve services. The latter is
due as largely as anything to superstition ; men and women who
never attend any place of worship will crowd out of the public
houses on New Year's Eve and fill the biggest churches in the
immediate neighbourhood. It is their one concession to the forms
of religious life, and they seem to think that this single attendance
has salved their consciences and made light their responsibility
for the rest of the year. I only mention it because it proves that
in a very large percentage of cases there is no thought of anta-
gonism — it is simply and solely sheer indifference and apathy.
I see that Mr. Booth thinks that dress does not count, that
the working classes would come if they wanted to, whether they
had the right sort of clothing or not. " For non-attendance," he
says, " dress is a common and perfectly sincere excuse ; but it is
only an excuse " ; and later on he adds, " but to dress with pro-
priety does not involve much expense, and even to dress well for
an occasion like church-going is consistent with considerable
poverty." My own experience leads me to think this is a
mistake ; it is quite true that dress is often only an excuse, but
in many cases it is a sincere and valid objection, especially if,
as is often the case, a proportion of the congregation consists
of the middle class. Poor people who have any respect for
themselves are not likely to attend a place of worship where
their clothes compare very unfavourably with the clothing of
other regular attendants. The people who object on this score
are, of course, very poor; but when you know as a fact that
they are anxious to come, and when they put forward the excuse
with tears in their eyes, it is hardly likely to be a mere excuse.
In the case of the artisan it could only be an excuse ; he absents
himself either because he is hostile or because he cares nothing
whatever for the forms of religion. The objection on the score
of dress can be overcome if the services are held in some large
THE PROBLEM OF EAST LONDON 31
music-liall, where large masses of the working classes sit closely
packed together; the ill-clad pass unnoticed in the throng, and
feel themselves less out of place. A magnificent Gothic church
seems to compel attention to their poverty. We are all agreed
that a well-built and a well-designed church is " a thing of beauty
and a joy for ever," but most of us, at any rate, are also agreed
that, for the mass of the people, the very beauty of the church
presents some difficulties, and for my own part I have not the
slightest doubt that until the moral sanctions have much greater
weight than at present the very poor will not habitually attend
the magnificent Gothic structure.
I lay stress upon this point because Mr. Booth seems to think
that the average Nonconformist building, plain and simple both
within and without, rather detracts from the dignity of worship.
He quotes, as an illustration, the Shoreditch Tabernacle — one of
the most successful illustrations, by the way, of what the Baptists
have done in East London ; his reference is simply amusing to
those who know the true history of Nonconformity. " The
Tabernacle," he says, " is perfect in its way, but its way is not
that of being a House of God. No feeling of sacredness attached
to it " ; i and he contrasts it later on with Christ Church, in the
Westminster Bridge Road, " manifestly a House of God " because
of its " inspiring Gothic architecture." I wonder what Mr. Booth
would have thought of the old Covenanters, compelled to worship
on the hillside or in barns. What is his opinion of the Inde-
pendents, who had to meet in times of persecution in little back
streets and small upper rooms ? We always understood that it
was the spiritual fervour and intensity of the worshippers that
gave sanctity to the building, and if it is possible to show — and
I think it is — that the average working man is less able to
worship and is less at home in a splendid Gothic building, which
to him seems cold and severe, than he is in a plain hall simply
furnished, brightly lighted, and well warmed, then it seems to
me that the advantage is all on the side of the hall. At the
same time, I offer no excuse for the scores of Nonconformist
buildings which are not only ugly in the extreme, but absolutely
unsuitable for the purpose they have in view. The church of
the people must be the home of the people ; many of these
chapels and mission halls remind one of nothing so much as a
second-rate mortuary ; the walls are damp and discoloured, the
pews stiff and formidable ; a general musty odour hangs about the
32 THE RELIGIOUS LIEE OF LONDON
building, and reveals only too plainly the fact that the ventilation
is bad, and that the church or chapel is scarcely ever used except
on the Sunday.
While I am on this subject, may I say that these places ought
to be swept away and rebuilt; they should be succeeded by large,
bright halls, and chairs should take the place of pews. The hall
should be at the disposal of the people, not only for services on
the Sunday, but for concerts and entertainments and lectures
during the week. In the course of several visits to America I
have had the opportunity of inspecting many large churches
which are run on lines called " Institutional." In some of these
churches the pews have disappeared with the pulpit, the church
is nothing but a central auditorium, round which are gathered all
the various adjuncts of a successful institute, small halls and rooms
set aside for lectures, classes, games, gymnasia, and a great variety
of other purposes. Everybody is catered for — old and young all
find some form of recreation and instruction during the week,
with the result that half the temptations of life are removed and
healthy interests created which are a valuable safeguard, especially
to the young. I still have a very distinct recollection of speaking
in such a church in Cleveland, Ohio, and I was especially struck
with the fact that on that Sunday night large bodies of Trade
Unionists marched in procession to worship at this church. On
very much the same lines scores of churches in the United States
have been successful ; I only need mention St. Bartholomew's
Church in New York ; Grace Baptist Church, Philadelphia ; Ruggle
Street Baptist Church, Boston ; Lagonda Avenue Congregational
Church, Springfield, Ohio ; Fourth Congregational Church, Hertford,
Conn. ; Plymouth Church, Milwaukee ; and the People's Church,
St. Paul — aU of which are extremely successful — to prove that it
is by such methods we are most likely to attach the working
classes to the Church. We are not by any means without such
churches in East London, but little more than a start has been
made. The Institutional Church is just beginning to be under-
stood, and I cannot help feeling that, so far as the young, at any
rate, are concerned, it ought to be largely a solution of the
problem. I do not ignore the fact that a man may be religious
and yet not attend church ; but it is useless to deny that if the
Churches fail to bring the right rehgious influence to bear upon the
lives of the working classes, the sentiment of religion is likely to
decay. I feel, moreover, very strongly that Christianity, rightly
THE PROBLEM OF EAST LONDON 33
interpreted, is the only power that can save East London;
Christianity interpreted by and embodied in the life of Christian
citizenship and well-doing. When the church becomes not only
the centre of the spiritual and social life of the people, but also
the home of every true reformer and every sincere democrat, it
will be on the high road to the fulfilment of its great mission.
A close examination of the various churches and chapels in
East London reveals the fact that wherever you have a successful
church or a successful mission, it is due to one of two principal
causes — either the clergyman or minister is a powerful preacher
and a real personality, or the church is run upon the lines I have
indicated above, with every possible form of social work in con-
nection with it. Why are small missions admittedly a failure ?
Because, as a rule, you have given the poor not something first-rate
in the way of a building, but something third-rate ; it is often
the most neglected and forlorn-looking edifice in the whole street,
and the missioner is too frequently an underpaid and overworked
man — quite hopeless and despairing. I regret to have to add
that sometimes he is a man who has utterly failed in every other
walk of life. Where you find unusual success you are sure to
discover that the man in charge has considerable power and ability,
and is worthy of a much better position. The large missions,
on the other hand, are almost always better filled, whether they
be denominational or strictly undenominational. They are run on
democratic, if somewhat narrow, lines, and though they cannot
offer the same advantages as some institutional churches I have
visited, they none the less do make it quite clear that they care
for all sorts and conditions of men, and every part of a man.
They may not succeed, they do not succeed, in reaching the man
who has been estranged, or the artisan who is sceptical, but for
the mass of the people, apathetic and rather ignorant, their methods
are undeniably well adapted. Such are the mission-churches con-
nected with the Baptists, Berger Hall and the Lighthouse ;
also the East London Mission of the Wesleyans, and the Lycett
Memorial Church in the Mile End Eoad ; while, in the case of
undenominational missions, we have such excellent examples as the
King Edward Ragged School Mission in Mile End New Town,
and the Holland Mission in George Yard, the services at which,
however, are not nearly so well attended as those at the Great
Assembly Hall or Edinburgh Castle, both of which places offer
special attractions in the way of music. Perhaps one secret of
3
34 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
the success of these places is the fact that the East Londoner
is extremely gregarious — nothing pleases him better than to be
one of a huge mass of people, such as can be found any Sunday
evening in Mr. Charrington's Hall.
RELIEF WORK
Mr. Booth's great complaint with regard to such missions is
that they offer too much in the nature of an attendance bribe,
that large sums of money are spent on relief work, that even
where .' relief is not given directly it is given indirectly, and his
contention is that women especially learn to cadge and attend
the services for what they can get. " These missions," he says,
inculcate every virtue except independence." While I feel most
strongly that there is a great deal of truth in this accusation,
and that it applies not only to missions, small and great, but to
the majority of the churches in East London, I cannot refrain
from offering one word of excuse, both for the giver and the
recipient. In every poor district the clergyman, the minister, or
the missioner, if he take the trouble to visit in his parish, will
be sure to find an immense amount of undeserved poverty and
suffering. Such people, it is argued, should be immediately
helped ; it is the thriftless, the lazy, and the cadging who should
be discriminated against. Nothing is easier than to make such
a statement ; nothing is more difficult than to carry it into effect.
It is generally possible to find some fault, even in the most
deserving, and virtues have not infrequently been discovered in
the thriftless cadger. It is also quite true that the independent
and hard-working man or woman sometimes becomes a cadger,
as a result of constantly receiving relief. The form their gratitude
takes is that of attendance at the place of worship ; in time it de-
generates into a lively sense of favours to come ; but what can be
expected from a poor woman whose husband has been out of
work for months, who is struggling to do the best she can to
keep her children from starvation, to whom every ticket for
groceries or every article of clothing represents the life-buoy
that will keep her afloat for the time being. Let those who
condemn so unreservedly make the attempt to help in any poor
district, and they will ,soon discover how difficult it is to live up
to their ideals in the matter of relief.
Of course, it would be an excellent thing if we could entirely
divorce the work of relief from religious work, and some clergymen
THE PROBLEM OF EAST LONDON 35
and ministers make it a rule never to give relief in their own
person ; but it is hardly in human nature to resist the chance of
attracting worshippers by such means, especially when we remember
that the view of a large number of religious workers is that the
salvation of the soul by the preaching of the Gospel dwarfs into
insignificance every other result to be attained. Even if no
attempt is made to attract, and even if there is no desire to
attract by such methods, the recipients of the relief — women for
the most part — often give cause for the reproach. The men are far
slower to offer attendance in return for assistance rendered ; this is
partly because they are more independent by nature, and partly
because they seem to feel that they have done their duty to the
church when they have despatched their wives and children to
worship for them. To a large extent, however, it is because they
do not feel the strain of keeping the home together in the same
way as the women, who must contrive and scheme day by day
and hour by hour in order to pay the rent and obtain the bare
necessaries of life. Charity — using the word in the ordinary
sense — nearly always degrades both the giver and the recipient.
A different kind of charity is needed, and if the word is to be
used, let us " depolarise " it, and make it once more to signify
the spontaneous outflow of love in the heart of man for his
fellow-creature. If it always had this significance, there would
be far less likelihood that the giving of assistance would be
attended with such evil consequences.
I remember once, in the winter of 1895, receiving a visit
from a sturdy Trade Unionist and Friendly Society man, who
had probably never asked for help in his life before. I expressed
some surprise when he entered the room, for I knew his face
quite well. Very simply and unaffectedly he told me his story.
He was a stevedore, and had broken his leg — compound fracture
— being knocked down by a falling bale of wool. For nine
months this accident and a subsequent illness disabled him,
and then six weeks of frost proved the rather large straw which
broke the camel's back. I knew him to be a teetotaler, and a
steady, industrious man, and in helping him I said that he was
not to consider himself under any obligation to me ; it was merely
one brother helping another, and that I felt sure he would do
the same for me if ever I happened to be in such an unfortunate
position. Up to this point his face had been hard and stern, and
his lips very tightly pressed together. As I spoke to him, I saw
36 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
his face soften and his lip begin to quiver. Suddenly, without a
word of warning, he covered his face with his hands and sobbed
like a little child, and I am not ashamed to confess that more
than one man was crying in that room.
Perhaps the best antidote to relief work is the work of the
provident societies, the loan society, the sick club, the penny bank.
Habits of intelligent and reasonable thrift can be readily cultivated
if the Churches will only take the trouble to provide the necessary
machinery. Shoreditch Tabernacle, for example, has a mission,
and one of the social enterprises of this mission is a provident
and loan society, with a turnover of no less than £3,000 per annum.
A coal club and a society for providing hospital letters, both very
successful in some places, might with advantage be added to the
list of provident societies. The people in this way pay for all they
get, and their independence is in no way undermined.
ATTENDANCES OF MEN
I have already alluded to the fact that men do not attend a
place of worship in such numbers as women, and I have hinted
at some reasons for their absence. The actual figures for East
London are not without their lesson. The attendances for the
whole of the East End are : men, 47,282 ; women, 61,301. Stepney
is the only borough in which the attendances of the men exceed
the attendances of the women, and this result is to be accounted
for by two facts. The first is that the Jewish services are invari-
ably attended by more men than women. For example, there
were 7,959 men as against 1,106 women at the various syna-
gogues. The second fact is not so important, but none the
less has some bearing on the argument. The Stepney district
contains a good many shelters, some of them " free," like Medland
Hall. Medland Hall and the Whitechapel shelter (Salvation Army)
alone are responsible for over 700 men, the attendance being to
all intents and purposes compulsory. When we deduct the pro-
portion of " twicers," we find that not more than 31,000 r}ien, includ-
mg 8,000 Jews, are regular worshippers in East London. Many
of these are lads between the ages of fifteen and eighteen. In the
morning the men are almost as numerous as the women ; in the
evening the women outnumber the men by two to one. The reasons
for this, of course, are domestic — the preparation of the dinner and
the care of the children. It still further convinces us that we
THE PROBLEM OF EAST LONDON 37
cannot ignore the social conditions of the poor when weighing
up their responsibility in this matter. All denominations, except
the Jews, seem to find it difficult to reach the men, the figures
being 12,403 Church of England as against 20,786 Free Churches,
thus bearing out the general conclusion that the methods of the
Free Churches are more calculated to reach the working men in
East London than the methods employed, as a rule, by the
Established Church.
Sunday labour may be, and probably is, responsible for the
absence of many men from a place of worship. Railwaymen,
tram- and bus-men, and thousands of others do not get more than
one Sunday off in three or four, or even six. It is hardly to be
wondered at if they choose to spend that day in the country, or
to visit friends and relatives whom they seldom see. Long hours
of hard toil, ten, twelve, and sometimes fourteen hours a day, tend
to make men careless about religious worship, even if it does not
unfit them for meetings of any sort. It is only one amongst many
causes, but the Church ought to take account of it, and join hands
with the working men in asking for a shorter working day and
at least every other Sunday free.
The High Church— or at least the Ritualist section of the High
Church — does not seem to have made the progress that everybody
anticipated. Here and there an able, devoted man has built up
a strong and flourishing church, but there are many instances of
ineffectiveness and incapacity. So far as the working man is
concerned, he seldom feels at home in a church with a highly
ornate ritual, in which he takes little part. If he does attend,
it is because he approves of the Socialist leanings of the parson
and finds in him a real friend and brother. Even the women are
not attracted to the extent that we were led to expect. The working
classes prefer a simpler form of worship, not too elaborate or
symbolic; the priestly ceremonial strikes them as lacking in sin-
cerity, though this may not be the case in the slightest degree.
It is Lessing's parable of the ebony bow over again, which was
so ornamented and carved that finally it broke. The only hope
for the Ritualists, in my opinion, is to get hold of the children,
and accustom them gradually to the forms and ceremonies of the
Church. Men like Mr. Osborne Jay and the late Father Dolling
could always attract a fair number of worshippers, because they
put the man before the priest. They call nothing common or
unclean, and are willing to share aU that they possess with the
38 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON,
people whom they serve. So far as early morning communion is
concerned, the figures are not very promising. In Hackney on a
fine day at the eight o'clock communion, the only one worth
considering, the largest number of men in attendance was twenty-
one, at St. Matthew's, Clapton, and the largest number of women
sixty, at St. John's, Vartry Road. The average number of men
is under seven, and of women twenty-two — a result which goes
to prove that the Bishop of London over-estimated the number
of attendances at these services.
The Roman Catholics occupy a somewhat unique position in
East London, a position analogous to that of the Jews ; it is not
for them to convert or proselytise — they could fill all their churches
to overflowing if professing Catholics alone attended. Their priests
experience in very poor districts the same difficulty in getting a
regular attendance that other denominations find ; a further proof,
if proof were required, that poverty is a bar to attendance at
church. They are least successful in the Isle of Dogs, where the
conditions are all against them, and where other denominations
suffer in equal measure. Men like Father Gordon Thompson, who
works in the Devons Road area, are able, however, to influence
the poor Irish labourers who have grown careless about their
religious life, and it must be admitted that both he and the
Catholic priests generally seem to succeed in making the poor
pay much of the cost both of the church and of the school. At
the Limehouse Mission there is an organised school collection
from house to' house every Sunday afternoon; no doubt this will
be dropped as a result of the London Education Act, but the
people will still be expected to give the same amount of money
in other ways.
The settlements and college missions do not profess to compete
with the church, and some of them, like Toynbee Hall, hold no
religious service of any kind. Oxford House naturally throws in
its lot with the parish church in Bethnal Green, though some
meetings are held apart from the church. These are the two
largest settlements in East London proper, and we must look for
their greatest sphere of influence in other directions— Toynbee Hall
chiefly, though not altogether, in the direction of education ; Oxford
House in its clubs for working men and lads. Missions like the
Eton Mission, which approximates to a settlement, have adopted
many new ideas, amongst them the P.S.A., but so far as numbers
are concerned they cannot be said to be specially successful. The
THE PROBLEM OF EAST LONDON 39
P.S.A. itseK has never been so popular in London as in the
Midlands, but there is an extremely successful one held at the
Bow and Bromley Institute, in connection with Harley Street
Congregational Church — a church, by the way, that is doing
excellent work on sound lines under the leadership of Mr.
McLuckie. Another very successful meeting is that held by
Rev. "Watts Ditchfield, the vicar of St. James the Less, of Bethnal
Green, who seems to have worked up his church to a very high
state of prosperity and usefulness ; he is a notable example of the
successful evangelical clergyman. The lesson of the settlements
and of the college missions seems to us to be that if their methods
could be linked on to those of the church — that is to say, if the
church could be made not only institutional in its character, but
also something in the nature of a settlement — we should probably
find that we had discovered the most effective way of reaching all
sorts and conditions of the working classes.
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
" Familiar acquaintance is often mistaken for accurate know-
ledge," and we make no pretence to inerrancy in our conclusions
or in the methods which we suggest; there is always something
fresh to learn about the life of the working classes in the East
End, and no man, however great his experience, can be absolutely
certain that he is right in all his conclusions. I should wish to
preface these suggestions by saying that for my own part I do
not attach too great an importance to statistics ; the Spirit of God
does much more than can be put into religious committee reports ;
the spirit of praise and prayer, of true worship "bloweth where
it listeth " ; one of the most religious men I ever met in East
London was an old Chartist who never attended a place of
worship, and who made no profession of religion. Nevertheless,
figures are some guide, and it cannot be denied that this Census
enables us to "size up" the religious forces that are at work
throughout London. It visualises, so to speak, what before has
been obscure and vague ; it throws into relief the inveterate
apathy of the working classes, and even if some amount of strife
and contention has emerged as a result, let us remember that
anything is better than stagnation. What is needed in East
London, as everywhere else, is the revival of the Spirit of Christ,
the spirit of brotherhood and self-sacrifice. The working classes
40 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
have never loved the priest qua priest. He is only influential in
so far as he is a man of devotion and sympathy ; they are tired
of being preached at. " We all of us have a parlous lot too
much pulpit in us," says George Meredith ; but they are alwaj^s
ready and willing to hear the direct appeal made by the man
who understands their needs and sympathises with them in the
efforts they are making to improve their conditions. The preacher
must be, whatever his views, a broad-minded man, open to convic-
tion, willing to listen to others, willing to reason with them about
the subjects that perplex. If thoughtful young men, who are
somewhat " antagonistic," are to be reached and helped, they must
not be shut up with a non-possuTnits, with a " thus far and no
farther " kind of attitude ; their doubts and their difficulties must
be treated as serious questions. I once knew a minister in East
London who lost the whole of his young men's Bible-class
because he refused to allow them to discuss a biblical difficulty
that seemed to require solution. The first desideratum, then, is
the devoted, broad-minded, able man — above all, the " man."
Then we come to methods, and here I should like to say that I
see no need for the perpetual warfare between those who advocate
the care for the body and those who think only of the soul ; men
and women are flesh and blood, and not disembodied spirits ; we
have no right to talk as though they could be separated off into
departments. At present there are sections' of the church which,
instead of being at war, ought to be working together; some of
the most warlike are, I fear, the most ignorant. One is reminded
of the constant strife between the rival factions of Dante and
Ariosto : on one occasion an admirer of Dante was struck down ; he
had always contended that the Divina Comrnedia was a far finer^
poem than the Orlando Fiirioso] he fought for his belief on
twelve occasions, and at last was mortally wounded ; just before
he died he expressed the wish that he had a few months to live
in which to read the poems of Dante. Perhaps some of us are
in the position of that misguided man.
The Church has, to a large extent, done away with the reproach
that it is " other-worldly " ; yet there are still many men who would
agree with Cardinal Newman in the following expression of
opinion :
"The Church regards this world, and all that is in it, as a
mere shadow, as dust and ashes, compared with the value of one
single soul. She holds that unless she can, in her own way, do
THE PROBLEM OF EAST LONDON 41
good to souls, it is no use her doing anything; she holds that it
were better for sun and moon to drop from heaven, for the earth
to fail, and for all the many millions who are upon it to die of
starvation in extremest agony, so far as temporal affliction goes,
than that one soul, I will not say should be lost, but should commit
one single venial sin, should tell one wilful untruth, though it
harmed no one, or steal one poor farthing without excuse."
To a large extent, no doubt. Moody and Spurgeon would have
concurred in this view; and even Mr. Archibald Brown, who was
so successful at the East London Tabernacle, in his letter on the
completion of thirty years ministry, seems to doubt the possibiUty
of any improvement as the result of social amelioration : " Amid
all these things, the hope of my heart is the speedy personal
return of the Lord Jesus. Nothing but the coming of the King
can put things right."
What seems to me to be important to remember is, that this
care for the souls of men ought not to be in the slightest degree
inconsistent with an overpowering desire for their bodily welfare.
It is true that the appeal of Christ was chiefly to the individual
conscience ; but it was his social initiative that has given impulse
to the many present-day redemptive movements, and He never in
the slightest degree, so far as one can tell, neglected an opportunity
of helping those who were oppressed by disease and hunger. I
have urged the importance of the housing question and the
question of overcrowding, because I think that evil conditions of
this nature affect men and women in every part of their life — that
is to say, degrade their higher natures through their lower, limit
the horizon of the soul. A pious but somewhat narrow-minded
friend, on one occasion, said to me that he had never noticed
anything in the teaching of Christ about the housing question ;
and I answered, neither had we anything directly on the subject
of slavery, yet no Christian is now in favour of slavery. I
added that, of course, the housing question was not of the same
importance in Nazareth as in Stepney. The fact is, that Hfe in
the East bears little resemblance to life in England under our
industrial conditions. In Palestine, at the time of Christ, tradition,
custom, and religion all required that you should give food
to the traveller who asked for it at your door. The feeling
is not yet extinct in the rural districts of England ; but we
do not, on that account — certainly the C.O.S. does not — advocate
its wholesale adoption to-day. Instead of disputing about methods,
42 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
let us agree, then, that everything which makes it possible for
man to live the higher life is worthy of our consideration ; and
if it can be shown that the East-Ender's environment vitiates his
spiritual growth and makes for apathy and indifference in religious
matters, then obviously it becomes our duty to press forward
those social and legislative measures which tend to the amelioration
and betterment of the working classes.
Meanwhile, there is no necessity to relax any of our efforts to
reach the few who have a " genius for religion," to uplift the
many who have fallen into indifference or even vice. Let us
send our best men to the street corners, men who know what to
say and how to say it. Some people seem to think that noise
is synonymous with successful open-air preaching ; that we must
" roar like the Atrides " before the Eternal God will reveal Himself
to men. It is not true ; the working classes want sincerity and
knowledge in their speakers. They themselves take their religion
seriously, and they like to find that same seriousness in those who
preach to them. Finally, we must have the Institutional Church
at any cost, with every possible form of social work attached to it.
For several years, in season and out of season, I have advocated
such churches, and my position has been rather that of a Prometheus
reproved by the demi-gods : " Why troublest thou the night with
thy exhortations ? " Has not the time come for the Churches with
wealth and influence to lend their powerful aid to their poorer
brethren in East and South London, and remove this stain from
the escutcheon of Christian civilisation?
The Ideal Church for East London
BY PERCY ALDEN, M.A.
A LARGE, spacious building, seating at least one thousand people,
with a good organ, a platform instead of a pulpit, chairs instead
of pews, surrounded by class rooms and games rooms, with at least
one smaller hall at the side, so constructed that it can be thrown
into the larger building, if required.
Residence for clergyman, or minister, or superintendent, and
several helpers, close to the hall.
RELIGIOUS MEETINGS AND SOCIETIES
(In addition to Sunday services, modified to suit the conditions
of the district, the Sunday school, Bible-classes, and Young People's
Guilds, etc.)
1. Adult school for men. (Not earlier than 9 a.m. in East End.)
2. Service for very poor children. (By invitation in the poorest
streets.)
3. P.S.A. for men, and P.S.A. for women, if possible.
4. One evening meeting a week for women only.
5. Open-air meetings in summer, with Band and best speaker
available.
SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL
1. Working Men's Club, attached to Coffee Palace. (Cp. Red
House, Commercial Road, East.)
2. Working Lads' Club, separate premises and rooms with life-
saving brigade, gymnasium, etc.
3. Working Girls' Club.
4. Gymnasium and Athletic Clubs.
5. Music. — Orchestral Band for Services and Concerts.
Glee and Choral Societies.
Brass Band for open-air meetings, processions, festivals,
etc.
43
44 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
6. "At Homes." — Invitation by streets; cards to be left with
every family.
7. Guilds of play for children.
8. Museum. (Saturday afternoon rambles supply material.)
9. Citizens' League for Municipal Reforms.
10. Young Citizens' League. (Where teaching should be given
respecting duties and rights of citizenship, with illustrations.)
11. Classes.— In subjects suited to the needs of the people. (Care
must be taken not to clash with polytechnics or
Evening continuation classes.)
12. Saturday night concerts and popular lectures. (Free, or
nominal charge of one penny.)
PROVIDENT AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES
1. Poor man's lawyer (free).
2. Medical dispensary with lady doctor and nurses. (Small
charge for medicine.)
3. Maternity club. (Loan of linen, blankets, etc.)
4. Coal Club.
5. Loan Society.
6. Penny Bank.
7. Christmas Clubs.
8. Sick Benefit Society.
9. Hospital Letter Society.
10. Boys' Employment Bureau.
N.B. — Every church should render assistance to friendly societies
and working-class organisations, by lending rooms at the
lowest possible charge. Assistance should also be given to
the Children's Country Holidays Fund and similar societies.
The activities of the church should be as wide as the needs
of the district.
Borough of Poplar
CHURCH OF EN-GLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
All Hallows', Bromley.
22
23
50
95
19
43
96
158
253
All Hallows', East India
Dock Road
43
54
93
190
66
157
134
357
547
All Saints', Poplar
38
90
125
253
107
249
92
448
701
St. Nicholas, Blackwall
16
18
58
92
i 26
36
47
109
201
St. John's, Isle of Dogs
39
51
117
207
! 40
100
90
236
443
Christ Church, Isle of Dogs
28
24
110
162
! 71
95
102
268
430
St. Cuthbert's, Millwall .
13
11
223
247
1 23
36
50
109
3.56
St. Frideswide's, Bromley .
.53
90
153
296
1 67
168
95
330
620
St. Gabriel's, Bromley.
30
45
205
280
i 4''
88
90
231
511
St. Mary's, Bromley St.
1
Leonard ....
G7
105
119
291
83
210
107
400
691
St. Andrew's, Bromley
41
18
85
144
40
76
65
181
325
St. Luke's, Millwall .
46
21
129
196
52
55
83
190
386
St. Mark's, Victoria Park .
52
68
61
181
54
84
43
181
362
Christ Church, Old Ford .
13
15
62
90
14
57
27
98
188
St. Mary's, Stratford-le-Bow
55
82
104
241
67
162
78
307
548
St. Matthias', High Street ,
56
28
74
158
60
115
57
232
390
St. Michael and AH Angels',
Bromley ....
24
35
291
350
52
106
139
297
647
St. Paul's, Old Ford .
3
8
11
22
4
23
27
54
70
St. Saviour's, Northumber-
land Street
35
30
276
347
41
100
94
235
582
St. Stephen's, North Bow .
79
113
112
304
1 119
278
1.30
527
831
St. Stephen's, East India
Dock Road
29
08
107
204
61
no
60
231
435
St. Peter's (Danish), King St.
21
6
4
31
31
St. Peter's, Limehouse
20
13
62
95
"57
"(S3
"86
206
301
Total ....
823
1,022
2,631
4,476
1,176
2,411
1,798
5,385
9,861
Churcli of England Missions
All Hallows', Leven Road .
1
2
86
89
2
14
16
105
All Saints', Orchard House
Place
1
45
46
6
25
30
61
107
♦All Saints', Arnold Rd. ,Bow
1
1
41
43
7
23
32
62
105
* Good Shepherd, Back Alley,
Bromley ....
18
95
191
304
304
*Red Schools, St. Leonard's
Street ....
1
2
50
53
...
53
Osborne Hall, Allanmouth
Road
11
41
18
70
70
Park Hall Medical Mission,
Old Ford ....
19
56
20
95
95
St. Mark's Hall, Victoria
Park
2
64
66
66
St. Mary's, Bow, Old Ford
Road
1
o
35
38
7
11
10
28
66
St. Matthias', Grundy Street
6
5
89
100
5
2
62
69
169
St, Michael's, Uam Var St.
10
8
67
85
85
St. Paul's, Libra Road
1
19
20
20
St. Stephen's Hall, Saxon
Road
9
10
167
186
4
4
72
80 1
266
Clifden House Room, Fair-
field Road.
1
27
22
50
50
St. Mary's Schools, Alfred
Street, Bow
1
3
50
54
54
Total ....
22
27
646
695
88
294
538
920
1,615
* These Mission Seryices are in connection with the Church of St. Mary, Bromley St. Leonard.
45
46
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING. j
EVENING.
Total
for the
, .
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
•I'otel.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
Devons Road, Bow
9
8
G3
80 1
34
42
76
152
232
JStebondale Street
44
32
91
167 ,
36
50
25
111
278
Bow Road ....
84
82
74
240 I
109
164
80
353
593
Alpha Road, Millwall .
Old Ford Road .
25
15
161
201 '
28
24
42
94
295
20
18
83
121
45
127
98
270
391
East India Dock Road
76
GG
77
219
130
181
110
421
640
Duflf Street (Welsh) .
17
12
11
40 j
12
12
2
26
66
Total . . . .
1 275
1
233
560
1,068 !
394
600
433
1,427
2,495
WeBleyan Methodist Mission
Sailors' Home, Jeremiah St. 133
138
24
10
18
52
190
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Kenledi Street
4
1
59
64
20
21
29
70
134
Manchester Road.
40
28
50
118
45
57
16
118
236
Chrisp Street
32
23
133
188
63
68
22
153
341
Maria Street
16
11
50
83
32
33
54
119
202
Smeed Road.
3
1
24
28
8
10
88
106
134
Driffield Road
10
9
41
60
16
44
55
115
175
Total ....
105
73
^ 363
541
184
233
264
681
1,222
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
East India Dock Road
Bruce Road ....
64
25
59
17
69
50
192
92
i 84
28
123
45
184 391 , 583
22 95 1 187
Total ....
89
76 j 119
284
112
168
206 I 486 770
BAPTIST CHURCH
Lighthouse Chapel, Bow .
27
32
143
202
68
132
107
307
509
Bethel, High Street .
4
5
7
16
5
13
18
36
52
Cotton Street
25
24
48
97
35
67
118
220
317
Mount Zion, Botolph Road
14
16
30
17
18
2
37
67
Bow Road ....
53
49
143
245
76
118
279
473
718
Poplar and Bromley Taber-
nacle
117
97
216
430
215
303
287
805
1,235
Klim, Pekin Street
27
14
47
88
36
32
19
87
175
Berger }Iall ....
52
120
178
350
135
250
473
858
1,208
Total ....
319
357
782
1,458
587
933
1,303
2,823
4,281
Baptist Missions
Tryphena Hall, Bow Com-
mon Lane ....
Blackthorn Street, Bow
1
145
146
18
1
29
3
65
86
112
90
258
90
Total ....
1
145
146
19
32
151
202
348
EAST LONDON— POPLAR
47
CONGREQATIONAL CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Wonien.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
ChJdrn.
Total.
Day.
Bruce Road ....
MiUwall Chapel .
Harley Street
Roman Road, North Bow .
East India Dock Road
11
14
120
9
40
9
10
135
9
39
49
80
112
11
44
69
104
367
29
123
27
21
113
15
62
35
31
355
39
117
74
35
97
68
40
1.36
87
565
122
219
205
191
923
151
342
Total ....
194
202
296
692
238
577
314
1,129
1,821
Congregational Mission
Old Ford Road
33
35
35
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
St. Paul's, Millwall .
Bow Road ....
Plimsoll Street .
31
23
54
17
32
42
23
19
35
71
74
131
100
37
72
62
53
97
90
27
53
258
117
222
329
191
353
Total ....
108
91
77
276
215
212
170
597
873
Presbyterian Mission
Shaftesbury Mission, Arnold
Road .....
51
55
55
BRETHREN-
Hall, 223, Devons Road .
Seamen's Rest, Millwall
Assembly Hall, Glengall Rd.
1, Pennyfields
Total . . . .
9
8
12
29
8
16
8
32
7
4
11
29
9
10
48
6
9
10
25
13
22
28
63
11
8
7
26
12
11
5
28
33
29
29
91
62
58
51
171
61
59
88
54
262
SALVATION ARMY
Fern Street, Devons Road .
Malabar Street, Millwall .
Kirby Street.
Parnell Road, Old Ford
14
13
32
16
4
4
31
30
8
25
74
26
42
137
46
8
10
80
23
12
15
97
37
62
16
48
101
82
41
225
161
108
83
362
207
Total ....
75
69
107
251
121
161
227
509
760
FOREIGN PROTESTANT SERVICES
Finnish Mission, North St.
Scandinavian Sailors' Home,
Garford Street .
Total . . . .
8
1
9
36
5
41
44
6
50
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Edmund's, Millwall
Refuge of Sinners, Bow
St. Mary and St. Joseph .
67
129
166
112
194
315
122
207
441
301
530
922
32
35
66
49
55
133
30
50
169
111
140
368
412
670
1,290
Total ....
362
621
770
1,753
133
237
249
619 2,372
48
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
OTHER SERVICES
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Wotwen.
Cbldrn.
Total,
Men.
Women.
Cbldrn.
Total.
Somerset Hall, 207, Devons
i
Road ....
4
G3
G7
12
25
12
49
116
Latter Day Saints, Bow
1
Common Lane .
1)
5
9
23
13
9
«
28
51
Tobago St. Hall, Millwall
8
2
29
39
16
14
30
60
99
Emmanuel Hall, 275, OL
Ford Road
7
2
120
135 1
15
11
6
32
167
Railway Miss., Fairfield Rd
a
7
49
59
15
26
39
80
139
Christian Community, llo
High Street
4
13
15
32
32
" Out and Out " Mission
Bow Baths
98
168
160
426
426
Farnan Hall, Bow
17
34
52
103
103
Seamen's Mission, E. India
Dock Road
27
13
13
53
63
13
16
92
145
Ethical Society, Bow Road
44
13
2
59
59
Old Ford
4
17
21
21
London City INIiss. , Shaf tes
bury Memorial Hall.
G
3
34
43
22
24
10
56
99
London City Miss., Stebon
dale Street
9
GO
68
16
39
17
72
140
London City Mission, 130
Grundy Street .
26
47
32
105
105
London City Mission, 33
Pennyfielda
30
1
31
31
London City Mission, 77
Augusta Street .
10
15
31
56
56
Peculiar People, Grundy St
11
11
21
43
13
15
11
39
82
Total .
81
60
410
551
414
467
439
1,320
1,871
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION,
Churcli of England
„ „ Missions
Wesleyan Meth. Church
„ „ Mission
Primitive Meth.Chuich
U. Meth. Free Church
Baptist Church
„ Missions .
Congregational Church
„ Missioi
Presbyterian Church
„ Mission
Brethren
Salvation Army .
Foreign Prot. Services
Roman Catholic Church
Other Services
Jewish Church
Grand Totals .
MORNING.
EVENING.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
823
1,022
2,631
4,476
1,176
2,411
1,798
5,385
22
27
646
695
88
294
538
920
275
233
560
1,068
394
600
433
1,427
133
5
...
138
24
10
18
52 1
105
73
363
f)41
184
233
264
681
89
76
119
284
112
168
206
486
319
357
782
1,458
587
933
1,303
2,823 1
1
145
14C
19
32
151
202!
194
202
296
692
238
577
ol4
1,129
2
33
35
...
108
91
77
276
215
212
170
5*97
...
2
2
51
55
33
29
29
91
62
58
51
171
75
69
107
251
121
44
161
6
227
509
50
362
621
770
1,753
133
237
249
619
81
60
410
551
414
467
439
1,320
28
1
43
72
...
...
...
...
2,650
2,866
7,011
12,527
3,813
6,401
6,212
16,426
c
o
3
cd
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c
jS
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bo
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ti
en
a
o
■B
J
U
x;
c
o
c
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90
80
70
60
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Populatio; Roman Catholic
Other Services
All Churches
ChurcIN of England
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
Borough of Stepney
CHURCH OP ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
"Women.
Chldm.
Total.
St. Anne's, Limehouse
67
129
194
390
165
195
470
830
1,220
St. James', Ratcliflf
16
17
26
59
19
46
60
125
184
St. John's, Limehouse .
15
53
60
128
14
10
81
105
233
St. George-in-the-East,
Cannon Sti-eet Road
46
37
51
134
46
202
72
320
454
Christ Church, Watney St.
45
45
108
198
20
71
54
145
343
St. John's, Grove Street
11
10
27
48
17
25
14
56
104
St. Mary's, Johnson Street
38
47
79
164
28
61
40
129
293
St. Peter's, London Docks .
153
147
584
884
51
67
90
208
1,092
St. Paul's, Shadwell .
15
11
114
140
18
17
19
54
194
St. Dunstan's, High Street .
99
172
145
416
107
261
94
462
878
St. Faith's, Shandy Street .
32
71
203
306
37
121
77
235
541
St. Augustine's, Settles St.
123
296
132
551
64
185
34
283
834
St. Benet's, Mile End Road
29
28
128
185
30
75
61
166
351
Christ Church, Jamaica St.
32
43
109
184
55
109
120
284
468
Holy Trinity, Tredegar Sq.
St Luke's, Burdett Road .
45
91
172
308
64
126
94
284
592
14
9
40
63
13
16
45
74
137
St. Matthew's, Commercial
Road East.
26
13
110
149
25
53
37
115
264
St. Paul's, St. Paul's Road .
43
87
243
373
39
109
92
240
613
St. Peter's, St. Peter's Road
7
11
24
42
6
11
17
59
St. Philip's, Oxford Street .
44
172
60
276
47
139
"70
256
532
St. Thomas', Arbour Square
19
50
35
104
28
79
51
158
262
All Saints', Mile End New
Town ....
32
43
151
226
31
71
58
160
386
St. Olave's, Hanbury Street
8
4
18
30
8
24
23
55
85
Christ Church, Spitalfields .
25
24
81
130
26
35
54
115
245
St. Mary's, Spitalfields
10
11
43
64
22
27
75
124
188
St. Stephen's, Spitalfields .
St. Mary Matfelon, White-
10
8
59
77
21
39
49
109
186
chapel ....
89
112
70
271
434
315
148
897
1,168
St. Barnabas', Whitechapel
3
3
48
54
5
12
74
91
145
St. Jude's, Whitechapel
24
19
90
133
72
119
51
242
375
St. Mark's, Whitechapel .
23
10
59
92
29
41
34
104
196
St. Paul's, Whitechapel
27
36
90
153
31
57
43
131
284
St. John of Wapping, Ch. St.
12
13
112
137
17
46
94
157
294
St. Peter ad Vincula, Tower
of London ....
114
36
30
180
3
5
53
61
241
Total ....
1,296
1,858
3,495
6,649
1,592
2,769
2,431
6,792
13,441
Church of England Missions
St. Anne's, Three Colt St.
St. James', 14, Dod Street
St. George's, 137, St. George
Street . . . .
St. John's, Christian Street
St. Dunstari's, Old Ch. Rd
Grosvenor Street Hall .
St. Clemcnt's,Longf ellow Rd
Welsh, Bridge Street .
St. Matthew's, Carr Street
St. Matthew's, York Road
St. Peter's, Eagle Place
St. Thomas', Devonport St
St. Thomas', Bromehead St
Christ Ch. Hall, Hanbury St
St. Mary's, 4, Steward St.
St. Mary's, 62, Fieldgate St
St. Mary's Schs., St. Mary St
Good Shepherd, Dean Street
St. John's, Carr Street
Jewish Miss., Goulston St
Total ...
100
34
64
449
49
106
38
40
120
70
513
4
9
"15
2
6
3
12
3
133
10
14
"1
2
10
226
22
4
110
17
24
"'5
3
4
257
122
17
116
26
18
43
11
"21
11
133
26
143
29
56
47
17
11
55
18
243
33
44
"'45
23
14
454 937 1,450
239
38
64
24
26
143
66
62
. 47
57
11
175
18
243
33
44
70
45
23
22
60
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
CHUBCU.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Brunswick Chul., Limehouse
St. George's Chpl., Cable St.
German Chapel, Commercial
Road
Paddy's Goose, Shadwell .
Lycett Chpl., Mile End Rd.
Stepney Temple, Commer-
cial Koad ....
Old Mahogany Bar, Grace's
Alley
Redmead Lane Hall, Wap-
ping
"Mitre" Children's Miss.,
Limehouse
30
17
21
"41
50
23
23
73
22
"31
50
18
68
113
13
214
191
34
45
121
203
56
286
291
75
47
36
67
20
25
85
113
32
4
4
72
151
22
30
161
167
43
5
26
75
140
10
11
136
226
90
72
250
183
358
52
66
382
506
165
81
280
304
561
108
66
668
797
240
128
280
Total ....
184
217
678
1,079
386
677
1,010
2,073
3,152
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Tabernacle, Stepney Green
Working Lads' Institute,
279, Whitechapel Road .
15
17
7
4
41 63
77 98
29
251
32
51
25
135
86
437
149
535
ToUl ....
32
11
118 161
280
83
160
523
684
WELSH CALVIlSriSTIC METHODIST CHURCH
Welsh Church, 211, Mile
End Road
21
15
40
49
71
47
167
207
UNITED METHODIST TREE CHURCH
Piggott Street, Limehouse
11
15
85
111
29
38
84 195
BAPTIST CHURCH
Commercial Road
27
32
34
93
29
70
13
112
205
East London Tabernacle,
Burdett Road .
274
246
378
898
316
667
335
1,318
2,216
"Rehoboth," Wellesley St.
16
9
47
72
14
27
11
52
124
Devonport Street.
2
15
17
16
47
78
141
158
" Zoar," Great Alia Street .
35
39
30
104
51
88
14
153
257
Little Alie Street.
16
11
28
55
24
29
19
72
127
Commercial Street
10
9
5
24
20
20
7
47
71
Welsh Commercial Street
Chapel Schools.
17
7
1
25
70
56
6
132
157
ToUl ....
397
353
538
1,288
540
1,004
483
2,027
3,315
Baptist Mission
37, Ben Jonaon Road
10
10
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Coverdale, Limehouse.
21
9
79
109
31
42
67
140
249
Medland Hall, Rj.tclifl
586
2
588
588
Seamen's Betliel, 19, Old
Gravel Lane .
52
1
28
81
16
13
8
37
lis
" Ebenezer," Watney Street
15
18
47
80
33
67
66
166
246
Hall, Old Gravel Lane
2
1
40
43
4
16
10
30
73
Spring Garden Place Meet-
ing House.
32
52
124
208
51
102
214
367
575
•' Latimer," Bridge Street .
Burdett Road
" Wycliff," PhihKjt Strw-t .
"Brunswick," Wliitechaixjl
68
43
21
63
79
25
223
72
52
354
194
98
92
59
28
157
183
42
73
116
18
322
358
88
676
552
180
Road. . . . .
5
8
37
50
15
38
7
60
110
Total ....
259
256
702
1,217
915
662
579
2,156
3,373
EAST LONDON— STEPNEY
Congregational Missions
51
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
for the
Day.
Latimer, Ernest Street
King Edward's, Albert St.
King Edward's, King Ed-
ward Street
3
3
20
"2
32
49
125
17
52
130
69
23
61
41
37
108
79
22
648
9
82
817
129
134
947
198
Total ....
26
34
191
251
125
224
679
1,028
1,279
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
" John Knox," Oxford St. .
Jewish Mission, 58, White-
chapel Road
35
39
44 1 118
1
40
8
59
10
45
1
144
19
262
19
Total ....
35 39
44 118
48
69
46
163
281
EVANGELISTIC MISSION
SERVICES
Edinburgh Castle, Rhodes-
well Road ....
Edinburgh Castle Schools,
Canal Road
Great Assembly Hall, Mile
End Road ....
Working Men's Mission, 59,
Mile End Road.
155
306
6
86
326
5
948
266
2
1,189
898
13
260
15
i 503
1
i 10
454
22
1,045
11
271
484
593
5
975
521
2,141
26
2,164
521
3,039
39
Total ....
467
417 1 1,216
2,100
778
1,532
1,353
3,663
5,763
UNITARIAN CHURCH
Burning Hall, Limehouse . ' 1
College ChpL, Stepney Gn. ^ 4
"2
29 30
39 45
12
9
24
8
46
12
82
29
112
74
Total . . . . i 5
2
68 75
21
32
58
111 i
186
BRETHREN
Hall, 13, Three Colt Street .
Hall, 394b, Mile End Road
Assembly Hall, Maidman St.
Hall, 70, Sidney Street
Gospel Hall, James' Street .
15
24
10
6
9
19
9
9
6
1
1
3
30
44
20
18
14
21
11
12
3
12
24
12
7
3
3
4
10
2
29
48
27
29
5
59
92
47
47
5
Total ....
55
46
11 112
61
55
22
138
250
SOCIETY OP
FRIENDS
Bedford Inst., Quaker St. .
Commercial Road Institute
Meeting House, Brook St.
(closed for repairs) .
182
13
164
7
57
7
403
27
36
13
84
22
1
117
14
237
49
640
76
Total ....
195
171
64
430
49
106
131
286
716
SALVATION ARMY
769, Commercial Road
22
7
13
42
37
35
25
97 i
139
Slum Post, 263, Cable St. .
7
6
7
20
10
15
5
30
50
398, Mile End Road .
6
13
1
20
9
17
8
34
54
192, Hanbury St. (Shelter) .
200
200
200
22,WhitechapelRd. (Shelter)
232
232 '
232
Slum Post, 78, Wentworth
Street ....
10
9
19
18
10
...
28
47
Total ....
45
35
21
101
306
277
38
621
722
52
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
BOMAN CATHOLIC CHUKCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
TotAl
for the
Day.
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Out Latlv Imiuaculj^te and
St. Frederick, Liniehoiis*'
52
151
110
313
8
29
18
00
368
St. Mary and St. Michael,
Commercial Road .
438
828
844
2,110
87
135
99
321
2,431
St. Boniface (German),
Whitechajiel
221
205
244
670
88
117
62
267
937
Guardian Angek, Mile End
Koad
154
251
246
651
49
92
100
241
892
Church of tlie Holy Name,
St. Paul's Road
47
99
130
276
9
25
37
71
347
St. .\nne's. Spitalfields
165
331
258
754
129
247
279
655
1,409
English Mart\TS, Gt. Pres-
cott Street.
228
474
399
1,101
42
58
39
139
1,240
St. Patrick's, Wapping
104
268
298
670
27
47
34
108
778
Total ....
1,409
2,607
2,529
6,545
439
750
668
1,857
8,402
FOREIGN PROTESTANT
SERVICES
Norwegian Mission, 723,
Commercial Road .
Swedish Ch., Prince's Sq. .
St. George's (German), Little
AJie Street
St Paul's (German), Goul-
ston Street
German Y.M.C.A., 90,
Lenian Street .
German Seamen's Church,
214, St. George's Street .
German Sailors' Home, 8,
East India Dock Road .
"46
66
34
"9
58
13
""8
42
2
"63
166
49
12
53
29
10
26
63
1
5
10
3
12
...
126
29
11
34
12
63
166
175
29
11
34
Totel ....
146
80
52
278
130
69
13
212
490
OTHER SERVICES
Jack's Palace, Limehouse .
Mildmay Mission (Jews),
PhiJpot Street .
Strangers Rest, 163, St.
George Street .
British and Foreign Sailors'
Institute, Shaflwell .
London City Mission, Love
Lane, Shad well
Ixiiidon City Mission, Twine
Court ....
lyondon City Mission, Silver
Strp«>t ....
Iy^)ndon City Mission, 87,
f)ld Montague Street
Salmon Lane Mission, Con-
dr)r Stnvet ....
Earl Cairns*' Mission,
Salmon I>ane
Christian Community, 6,
Flower and Dean Street .
HebrewChrintian Testimony
to Israel, 189, Whitechai^l
Roa<l . .
George Yard Miss,, Whitt;-
chikwd ....
Gap Miss., Johnfujn's Court
Seiimen's Chapel, 214, St
George Street .
Total ....
60
22
114
84
13
19
133
132
18
28
45
262
22
142
19
32
149
509
14
16
11
13
7
13
21
11
9
18
49
34
8
48
347
43
24
1
19
31
14
10
46
30
36
22
22
99
10
56
463
27
13
17
20
19
2
7
13
18
52
23
37
32
145
51
17
47
64
40
25
74
54
63
40
123
156
55
136
280 I 1,090
EAST LONDON-STEPNEY
5b
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
DENOMINATION.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
1,296
1,858
3,495
6,649
1,592
2,769
2,431
6,792
13,441
„ „ Missions
36
28
449
513
226
257
454
937
1,450
Wesleyan Meth. Church
184
217
678
1,079
386
677
1,010
2,073
3,152
Primitive Meth. Church
32
11
118
161
280
83
160
523
684
Welsh Cal.Meth.Church
21
4
15
40
49
71
47
167
207
U. Meth. Free Church .
11
15
85
111
17
29
38
84
195
Baptist Church
397
353
538
1,288
540
1,004
483
2,027
3,315
„ Mission
...
...
3
2
5
10
10
Congregational Church.
259
256
702
1,217
915
662
579
2,156
3,373
„ Missions
26
34
191
251
125
224
679
1,028
1,279
Presbyterian Church .
35
39
44
118
48
69
46
163
281
Evan. Mission Services.
467
417
1,216
2,100
778
1,532
1,353
3,663
5,763
Unitarian Church .
5
2
68
75
21
32
58
111
186
Brethren
55
46
11
112
61
55
22
138
250
Society of Friends.
195
171
64
430
49
106
131
286
716
Salvation Army .
45
35
21
101
306
277
38
621
722
Foreign Prot. Services .
146
80
52
278
130
69
13
212
490
Roman Catholic Church
1,409
2,607
2,529
6,545
439
750
668
1,857
8,402
Other Services
114
133
262
509
347
463
280
1,090
1,599
Jewish Church
7,959
1,106
3,562
12,627
...
12,627
Grand Totals .
12,692
7,412
14,100
34,204
6,312
9,131
8,495
23,938
58,142
Population Roman Catholic
c
a;
S 2
o •=
c
other Services
E
o
"1 " j ^ -- - A f-r -X j-4-- -f 1 .u - 1- \-Vl. X-f- u-4
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1 iji yvciii^yv-M 1 1 1
rr+-4- - -B"win^ Analysis of A-^tendance. h -U
I STFPNFY \ f
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^^^^^^!„^_4-l^ L 4-1-^^ [ - u - 4
xt' J i ^ 1 '
rrnr'n M Mi ' rU^-U+h+r-i^
! i-j — L_j_j u L_L _i 1 \ lJJ 1 1 ' i
e
v
u
-a
Bii
Blue :- Evcnin:
lie Worshippers.
g Population
I
All Churches
Church of Engrland
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
J
Eloo
90
s
s
Trn'
t: :
nn
1
4 -1-
2
o
1
1 LI I-
E
1
i!
t:
1
#
u
pj
;
:
-i : 1 !
Tl
1 1 1 i 1
i- a ? u H
^ DIAGRA^
Shewing Analysis of Auend
1 1 ^
ance. ■ ■ -"-j-
;tj„
1"
1
-H-;^f-
r "
—
+
—
V
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1 ■
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\ \
—
1
tr--±:
STEPNEY
"~l — i T" 1 —
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Black = All Services Red = Morning S'"* ' Evening
NOTE -The remarkable attendance o( Men in "Other Services" is due to the number of Jewish Maie Worshipper
G
Borough of Bethnal Green
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
__
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
St. Matthew's, Church Row
41
65
315
421
59
149
53
261
682
St. James the Great, Bethnal
Green Road
12
21
100
133
34
129
91
254
387
St. Jude's, Old Bethnal
Green Road
21
25
80
126
37
83
159
279
405
St. Paul's, Virginia Road .
31
43
62
136
47
94
60
201
337
St. Peter's, St. Peter's Sq.
42
6
31
79
71
21
48
140
219
St. Philip's, Mount Street .
26
23
73
122
25
53
38
116
238
St. Thomas', Baroness Rd.
14
21
121
156
22
68
104
194
350
Holy Trinity, Old Nichol St.
20
8
146
174
39
54
49
142
316
All Saints' Mission, Vyner
1
Street ....
3
27
30
5
12
10
27
57
St. Andrew's, Viaduct St. .
41
77
62
180
64
177
108
349
529
St. Bartholomew's, Buck-
hurst Street
16
27
49
92
21
58
39
118
210
St. Matthias', Hare Street .
21
29
65
115
47
62
54
163
278
St. Barnabas', Grove Road .
18
15
34
67
26
84
102
212
279
St. James the Less, St.
James' Road .
109
159
109
377
629
555
138
1,322
1,699
St. John's, Bethnal Green .
22
26
53
101
36
98
77
211
312
St. Simon Zelotes', Warley
Street ....
17
19
147
183
48
92
76
216
399
St. Anthony's, Globe Road
20
35
115
170
40
101
86
227
397
Chest Hospital Chapel, Vic-
toria Park.
16
15
16
47
47
Total ....
490
614
1,605
2,709
1,250
1,890
1,292
4,432
7,141
Church of England Missions
St. Andrew's, 255, Cam-
bridge Road
St. Martin's, Somerford St.
*St. James' Hall, Seward-
stone Road
""St. James', 19, Ames Street
*St. James', Sidney Street .
*St. James', St. James' Rd.
St. Peter's Schools
Total ....
4
o
...
7
...
158
'14
169
"16
5
9
3
2
6
2
2
21
34
8
11
29
3
3
8
26
168
66
89
75
96
34
69
179
79
124
80
101
34
69
348
79
140
80
101
6
7
172
185
29
109
528
666
851
* In c
WE
onnection with St. James the Less,
SLEYAN METHODIST
St. Jam
• CHI
68' Road
IRCH
Shoreditch Chapel, Hackney
Road
Children's Home Chapel,
Bonner Street .
Gordon Hall, Globe Road .
Total ....
75
74
18
72
123
10
92
318
38
239
515
66
155
71
15
193
136
40
123
238
63
471
445
118
710
960
184
167
205
448
820
241
369
424
1,034
1,854
Wesleyan Methodist M
issioni
3
1 Cripples' Church, Bonner St.
Twig Folly, Hartley Street
Total ....
"5
■'6
"75
"86
"io
6
20
40
268
46
298
46
384
5
6
75
86
10
26
308
344 1
1
430
55
66
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for th«
Day.
CHURCH.
Men.
Women. Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Cooper's Gardens Memorial
Church, Cambridge Heath
15
7 35
57
20
21
20
61
118
BAPTIST CHURCH
Shoreditch Tabernacle,
Hacknoy Koad .
216
202
128
546
369
489
362
1,220
1,766
liethnal (Ireen Rt)ad .
9
7
16
9
12
o
23
39
Vi-toria Park Chapel, Grove
Ko.-»<l
67
84
133
284
90
200
142
432
716
Hope Chapel, Norton Street
"Sh:ilom,''The Oval, Cam-
32
32
24
88
21
55
14
90
178
bridge Heath .
16
4
3
23
19
23
12
.54
77
Gibraltar Cliapel, Gibraltar
Walk
36
79
12
127
127
Total ....
340
329
288
957
544
858
544
1,946
2,903
Baptist Missions
.Shoreditcli Tabernacle,
Austin Street .
1
16
6
29
29
Gibraltar Walk Schools,
Shacklewell Street .
3
29
32
12
5
146
163
195
ilarnhani Hall, DarlingRow
10
29
19
68
58
Aniea Place Mission, Prit-
fhard's Road
4
6
329
339
.30
50
79
159
498
Total ....
7
6
358
371
59
100
250
409
780
CONGREGATIONAIi CHURCH
Adelphi Chapel, Hackney
Ro;id
51
93
84
228
92
202
152
446
674
Union Chapel, Old Nichol
Street ....
10
8
2
20
45
44
6
95
115
Betiiiial Green Koad .
■M
34
23
88
65
95
45
205
293
Vidoria Park Church, Ap-
{iroach Road
146
207
.59
412
189
383
53
625
1,037
ToUl ....
238
342
168
748:-
391
724
256
1,371
2,119
Congregational Missions
Old Nichol Stre»5t Sclioi.la .
5
50
55
7
548
555
610
•Vict<jria H;ill, Approach
R<ja<l
3
4
93
100
36
121
.327
484
684
Victona Park Hall
2
1
20
23
14
23
33
70
93
Pott Stre.-t ....
14
3
35
52
3
147
150
202
ToUl ....
24
8
198
230
60
144
1,055
1,259
1,489
Connected with Victoria Park CUiiruh.
EAST LONDON-BETHNAL GREEN
UNITARIAN CHURCH
57
CHURCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Mansford Street .
2
3
34
39
20
42
20
82
121
BRETHREN
Gospel Hall, 117, Coventry
Street
5
3
73
81
81
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS
Hall, Barnet Grove
29
27 180 236
39 116 243 398 634
SALVATION ARMY
Slum Post, 374, Hackney Kd.
Slum Post, 86, Sclater Street
Slum Post, Tent Street
6
3
2
5
3
10
"2
11
6
14
G
8
1
14
9
5
3
7
20
20
13
31
26
27
Total ....
11
18
2
31
15
28
10
53
84
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Casimir and St. Joseph,
Cambridge Road
Our Lady of the Assump-
tion, North Passage .
St. Patrick's School Chapel
135
47
6
93
76
33
24
74
66
252
197
105
29
27
40
20
27
32
96
79
348
276
105
Total ....
188 202
164
554
56
60
59
175
729
OTHER SERVICES
•Abbey St. Schools, Mans-
ford Street
3
3
40
46
46
Home of Industry, 29, Beth-
nal Green Road
29
78
423
530
530
*Ashley ]\Iission, Peel Grove
o
55
57
10
18
20
48
105
*Good Shepherd, Three
Colts Lane
2
1
70
73
38
49
178
265
338
London City Mission, Gos-
sett Street.
2
13
15
12
33
22
67
82
London City Mission, 160,
Brick Lane
10
12
1
23
23
Mildmay Miss. Hall, Sweet
Apple Square .
15
28
29
72
72
Mildmay Miss. Hall, Cross
1
Street ....
23
51
10
84
84
Christian Communitj' Me-
morial Hall, London St. .
1 j ...
2
3
17
20
42
79
82
Total ....
10 1 4
180
194
154
289
725
1.168
1,362
In oonnection with ths Ragged Sehool Union.
58
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
.Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Church of England
490
614
1,605
2,709
1,250
1,890
1,292
4,432
7,141
„ „ Missions
6
7
172
185
29
109
528
666
851
Wesleyan Meth. Church
167
205
448
820
241
369
424
1,034
1,854
„ „ Mis.sions
5
6
75
86
10
26
308
344
430
Primitive Meth. Church
15
7
35
57
20
21
20
61
118
Baptist Church
340
329
288
957
544
858
544
1,946
2,903
„ Missions .
7
6
358
371
59
100
2C0
409
780
Congregational Church
238
342
168
748
391
724
256
1.371
2,119
„ Missions
24
8
198
230
60
144
1,055
1,259
1,489
Unitarian Church .
2
3
34
39
20
42
20
82
121
Brethren
...
5
3
73
81
81
Society of Friends.
29
27
180
236
39
116
243
398
634
Salvation Army .
11
18
2
31
15
28
10
53
84
Roman Catholic Church
188
202
164
554
56
60
59
175
729
Other Services
10
4
180
194
154
289
725
1,168
1,362
Grand Totals .
1,532
1,778
3,907
7,217
2,893
4,779
5,807
13,479
20,696
"si
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Blue = Evening.
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Church of England
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
1 1 =
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Black = All Servlceft
Red = Morning.
Blue = Evening.
Borough of Shoreditch
CHURCH
OF
ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
St. Leonard's, High Street .
53
100
124
277
46
173
49
268
545
St. Andrew's, Canal Road .
14
20
79
113
21
64
107
192
305
St. Agatha's, Finsbury Av.
4
14
18
20
16
66
102
120
All Saints', Haggerston
33
52
245
330
34
97
35
166
496
St. Anne's, Hemsworth St.
9
12
18
39
9
11
16
36
75
St. Augustine's, York Street
35
43
73
151
33
85
45
163
314
St. Chad's, Niehol Square .
23
46
116
185
26
53
57
136
321
St.Columba'3,Kingsland Rd.
64
91
172
327
48
119
54
221
548
Christ Church, Hoxton
20
34
100
154
29
72
42
143
297
Holy Trinity, Hoxton .
14
11
101
126
29
59
90
178
304
St. James', Curtain Road .
12
17
90
119
18
29
63
110
229
St. John the Baptist, Hoxton
42
89
92
223
126
164
235
525
748
St. Mark's, Old Street
18
13
37
68
26
37
24
87
155
St. Mary's, Hoxton
23
29
82
134
25
42
77
144
278
St. Mary's, Haggerston
41
86
185
312
48
113
92
253
565
St. Michael's, Mark Street .
28
21
83
132
15
57
73
145
277
St. Paul's, Dalston
40
75
48
163
64
125
58
247
410
St. Peter's, Hoxton Square.
4
10
30
44
11
22
9
42
86
St. Saviour's, Penn Street .
34
60
114
208
63
210
56
329
537
St. Stephen's, Goldsmith
Row
23
26
47
96
24
44
54
122
218
Total ....
534
835
1,850
3,219
715
1,592
1,302
3,609
6,828
Church of England Missions
St. Andrew'slnstitute, Canal
Road
4
14
7
25
25
St. Mary's Mission, Nile St.
1
75
76
76
All Saints' Miss. , Haggerston
4
3
75
82
82
St. Mary's Institute, Mans-
field Street
3
18
1
22
22
St. Patrick's Mission .
8
24
32
32
St. George's Mission .
4
30
19
53
53
Total ....
1 75 76
23
89
102
214
290
WESLEYAN METHODIST
CHURCH
New North Road .
Hilcot Street
63
7
50
4
54
52
167 1
63
145
18
214
48
178
84
537
150
704
213
Total .
70
54
106
230
163
262
262
687
917
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Willow Street
" Harbour Light "
Total .
41
25
52
118
28 i
31
43
59
10
109
59
102
119
59
81
199
280
117
281
398
BIBLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH
Jubilee Memorial, East Rd. | 31 40 48 | 119 | 50 ] 61
78
189
308
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Philip Street
6 ' 10 j 15 j 31 |j 10 ! 28 I
19
57 i
88
60
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
BAPTIST CHURCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
ToUI
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Queen's Road, Dalston
Costers' Hall, Hoxton Strwt
Wileou Street
"Jireh," East Road .
39
94
10
79
45
82
16
104
52
49
4
10
136
225
193
85
128
17
85
146
139
12
124
112
194
3
10
343
461
32
219
479
686
68
412
ToUl ....
228
247
115
590
315
421
319
1,055
1,645
Baptist Missions
Shoreditoh Tabernacle Mias.
4
3
7
10
25
9
44
51
Old Vinegar Ground Mias.
9
31
28
68
68
Union Street
21
44
39
104
104
Shap Street ....
3
1
50
54
5
7
161
173
227
Red vera Street
9
19
135
163
IG.-I
Total ....
7
4
50
61
54
126
372
552
613
(
DGNaREQATIONAL CHURCH
Barbican Chapel .
New Tabernacle, Old Street
Pownall Road
63
46
39
64
30
29
106
7
60
233
83
128
141
49
37
243
81
66
370
79
34
754
209
137
9^7
2V)-'
26-.
Total ....
148
123
173
444
227
390
483
1,100
1,544
Congregational Missions
Basing Place
5
1
77
83
32
67
20
119
202
Hammond Square
1
31
32
8
39
126
173
205
Dove Row ....
9
45
54
42
28
226
296
350
Hoxton Academy
6
1
75
82
26
29
7
62
144
Christian Institute
6
12
4
22
22
Total ....
21
2
228
251
114
175
383
672
923
SALVATION ARMY
Maidstone Street .
Newton Street
King>iland Ruad .
Ivy Street
Total
10
32
10
52
1 13
59
26
98
150
46
33
48
127
1 55
112
29
196
323
22
33
32
87
1 27
75
65
167
254
1
7
12
20
'^
13
22
39
59
79
105
102
286
1 99
259
142
500
786
PRESBYTERIAN MISSION
Park Ch. Miss., Harvey St.
19
12
143 174
28
60
157
245
419
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS
Hoxton Hall
7 I 3 I
11
21
29
55
16
100
121
BRETHREN
*'Bethe«da," New North Rd.
Uummond S<juar« Schoolu .
15
14
3
32
17
3
29
2
6
75
52
80
84
80
Total ....
15
14
3
32
20
31
81
132
164
EAST LONDON— SHOREDITCH
ROMAN" CATHOLIC CHURCH
61
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
St. Monica, Hoxton Square
St. Mary, Eldon Street
300
114
348
137
192
85
840
356
23
40
43
52
17
38
83
130
923
486
Total ....
414
505
277
1,196
63
95
55
213
1,409
OTHER SERVICES
London City Mission,
Nasmyth Hall .
London City Mission,
Bishopsgate Station .
Christian Institute, Hoxton
Market ....
Felton Street Schools .
Total . . . .
10
1
1
30
26
41
27
12
38
14
20
63
31
8
77
7
1
40
178
52
10
2
56
68
64
114
92
270
40
178
93
27
338
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
' Total
Men,
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
534
835
1,850
3,219
715
1,592
1,302
3,609
6,828
„ „ Missions
1
75
76
23
89
102
214
290
Wesleyan Meth. Church
70
54
106
230
163
262
262
687
917
U. Meth. Free Church .
41
25
52
118
59
1C2
119
280
398
Bible Christian Church
31
40
48
119
50
61
78
189
308
Primitive Meth. Church
6
10
15
31
10
28
19
57
88
Baptist Church
228
247
115
590
315
421
319
1,055
1,645
„ Missions .
7
4
50
61 1
54
126
372
552
613
Congregational Church
148
123
173
444 ,
227
390
483
1,100
1,544
„ Missions
21
2
228
251
114
175
383
672
923
Salvation Army .
79
105
102
286
99
259
142
500
786
Presbyterian Mission .
19
12
143
174 j
28
60
157
245
419
Society of Friends
7
3
11
21
29
55
16
100
121
Brethren
15
14
3
32
20
31
81
132
164
Roman Catholic Church
414
505
277
1,196
63
95
55
213
1,409
Other Services
10
2
56
68 I
64
114
92
270
338
Grand Totals .
1,630
1,982
3,304
6,916
2,033
3,860
3,982
9,875
1 16,791
1
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Population Roman Catholic
O
Oh
O
[100
c
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c
^ other Services
C
rt
HrtW-lfc-tifflH.
JS
DIAGRAM
^wing' Analysis of Attendance.
shore:dit<
Blacli
Blue = Evening
All Churches
Church of England
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
Borough of Hackney
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
HORNING.
EVENING.
CHURCH
Men.
Men.
WomeD.
Chldrn.
Total.
Woiuen.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
St. John's, Mare iStreet
162
276
276
714
204
420
132
756
1,470
Christ Church, Clapton
31
50
72
153
i 40
88
33
161
314
St. James', Clapton
103
176
202
481
m
235
70
416
897
St. Thomas', Upper Clapton
St. Michael's, Stoke New-
86
151
134
371
88
155
45
288
659
ington ....
104
245
159
608
112
248
91
451
959
St. Matthew's, Up. Clapton
178
313
140
631
174
312
64
550
1,181
St. James', West Hackney .
151
252
237
640
221
543
114
878
1,518
All Saints', Clapton Park .
68
137
182
387
96
216
66
378
765
All Souls', Clapton Park .
40
78
136
254
71
152
77
300
554
St. Barnabas', Homerton .
25
38
90
153
58
104
79
241
394
Rams Episcopal Chapel,
Homerton ....
41
65
151
257
56
86
37
179
436
St. Paul's, Homerton .
26
18
113
157
46
63
62
171
328
Holy Trinity, Dalston.
19
35
41
95
43
106
48
197
292
St. Bartholomew's, Dalston
Lane
63
72
81
216
79
163
44
286
502
St. Mark's, Dalston
84
140
133
357
143
238
64
445
802
St. Philip's, Dalston .
79
144
105
328
124
224
77
425
753
St. Peter's, Kingsland
16
31
44
91
28
49
59
136
227
St. Michael and All Angels',
London Fields .
36
62
191
289
67
126
59
252
541
St. Mary of Eton, Hackney
Wick ....
41
70
112
223
78
190
168
436
659
St. Luke's, Homerton Terr.
64
125
49
238
74
226
62
362
600
Christ Church, Victoria Pk.
39
69
133
241
41
73
37
151
392
St. Augustine's, S. Hackney
49
86
90
225
36
162
63
261
486
St. John of Jerusalem, S.
Hackney ....
65
101
118
284
114
226
61
401
685
*St. John's, Vartry Road .
57
119
189
365
101
260
178
539
904
Total ....
1,627
2,853
3,178
7,658
2,205
4,665
1,790
8,660
16,318
* This church is partly in Hackney and partly in Tottenham. We have included it in this return
proportion of the congregation la drawn from Hackney.
as a large
Church of England Missions
St. John's, The Grove
St. James', Lea Bridge
Holy Cross, Ravensdale St
St. Michael's, Ros-sington St.
Good Shepherd, Harrington
Hill ....
HolyTrin., Southwold Rd.
St. Barnabas', Shacklewell
Row .....
St. Paul's, Clevedon Street
St. Mary's, Chatsworth Rd.
Good Shepherd, Rushmore
Road ....
St. Mark's, Boleyn Road
St. Luke's, Kenton Road
Holy Trinity, Forest Road
Good Shepherd, Wilman Gr
St. Michael's, Ada Street
St. Andrew's, Wells Street ,
St. Jude's, 37, BallsPond Rd.
St. Mary of Eton, Chapman
Road ....
St. Paul's, Duncan Street
Total .
71
11
10
133
118
121
89
45
18
2
39
"44
65
17
17
41
39
79
867
63
150
121
131
99
69
25
10
46
"48
72
23
18
78
44
84
1,018
194
72
33
135
12
19
34
12
8
25
15
11
31
20
39
73
20
25
54
53
66
145
23
28
59
32
22
63
23
31
71
30
9
47
11
73
96
3
60
67
24
27
58
3
59
65
44
69
135
28
17
51
23
6
34
19
10
30
467
612
1,273
285
34
26
152
204
153
214
84
73
117
47
144
139
81
83
213
95
34
114
2,291
64
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Richmond Road .
80
84
71
235
95
144
55
294
529
Lower Clapton Road .
High St., Stoke Newington
113
154
59
326
90
194
44
328
6.54
121
110
120
351
152
226
83
461
812
Blenco Road, Clapton Park
i)
3
44
52
34
63
66
163
215
Chapman Road, Hackney
Wick ....
23
22
52
97
39
70
41
150
247
Church Road, Homerton
8
7
103
118
22
55
.32
109
227
Mayfield Road, Dalston
55
56
114
225
132
240
221
593
818
Cassland Road, S. Hackney
77
107
211
395
116
173
84
373
768
Total ....
482
543
774
1,799
680
1,165
626
2,471
4,270
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Pembury Grove, Lr. Clapton
129
87 293
57 137 74 268
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Olinda Road, Stamford Hill
16
12
60
88
12
16
21
49
137
Southwold Rd., Up. Clapton
3
6
50
59
8
14
24
46
105
Northwold Road, Stoke
Newington
Blurton Road, Clapton Pk.
62
62
134
258
97
176
66
339
597
36
27
74
137
59
82
29
170
307
lirookfield Rd., Victoria Pk.
6
2
66
74
14
31
108
153
227
Exmouth PI. , London Fields
25
15
20
60
23
32
13
68
128
Total ....
148
124
404
676
213
351
261
825
1,501
BAPTIST CHURCH
Hackney Down« Cha^)el
Old Baptist Union, isorfolk
178
248
114
540
182
386
83
651
1,191
Road
3
4
33
40
12
20
10
42
82
Chataworth Road, Clapton .
74
80
142
29R
72
1.53
88
313
609
Homerton Row .
37
33
51
121
36
60
21
117
238
Ashwin Street, Dalston
.Ttmction ....
164
213
155
5.32
186
427
102
715
1,247
Mare Street, Ha<jkney
93
117
101
311
106
191
240
537
848
Hampden Chapel, Lauriston
Road
26
32
56
114
31
67
18
116
230
ToUl ....
575
727
652
1,954
625
1,304
562
2,491
4,445
Baptist Missions
Rendleeham Rooms, Hea-
therlev Street
Waterl(X) Rfxjma, Prout Rd.
Bethaaida, Hackney Wick .
6
3
3
3
65
30
74
30
14
17
4
42
34
15
89
17
4
145
68
23
219
104
23
ToUl ....
9
6
95
110
35
91
110
236
346
EAST LONDON— HACKNEY
65
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
CHURCH.
Lower Clapton, Amhurst
Road. . . .
"Trinity," Devonshire Rd.
Stamford Hill .
Upper Clapton Road .
Rectory Road, Stoke New-
ington . . . .
Clapton Pk., Lower Clapton
Road
Kingsland Church, High St.
"Bethany," Victoria Park
Road . . . .
Middleton Road, Dalston .
Cambridge Heath Church,
Mare Street
Brotherhood Church, South-
gate Road
Shrubland Road, London
Fields . . . .
"Trinity," Lauriston Road
Total
MORNING. 1
EVENING.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
118
61
355
139
192
72
572
186
Ill
115
192
99
421
248
1,119
424
142
59
500
133
2.59
122
746
266
32
69
90
81
433
250
1,336
480
94
149
103
346
137
237
53
427
227
62
328
82
232
52
787
196
191
96
347
163
170
46
708
305
15
50
15
88
35
HI
65
249
22
56
44
98
28
79
94
233
44
69
140
253
49
64
156
269
26
17
14
57
81
91
33
205
9
59
15
63
39
109
63
231
20
90
34
167
20
100
74
357
1,259
1,848
1,352
4,459
1,576
2,638
957
5,171
Total
for the
Day.
854
498
2,455
904
773
1,495
501
159
482
522
262
137
588
9,630
Congregational
Missions
Morning Lane
1
6
136
143
14
57
142
213
356
Stamford Terrace, Stamford
Hill
5
6
109
120
13
25
71
109
229
Conduit St., North wold Rd.
1
4
43
48
18
48
45
111
159
Spensley Mission, Law-
rence's Buildings
10
5
69
84
33
64
54
151
235
Dunn St., Shackle well Lane
12
9
151
172
6
18
2
26
198
Glyn Road, Clapton Park .
1
2
28
31
38
74
36
148
179
Grove Miss., BrooksbyWalk
7
4
168
179
33
44
166
243
422
Chapman Road Hall .
1
1
32
34
12
48
18
78
112
Orchard Mission, Wells St.
3
3
37
43
15
33
29
77
120
Total ....
41
40
773
854
182
411
563
1,156
2,010
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Downs Park Road
St. Thomas Square
35
21
37
25
42 114
21 67
58
28
63
42
22
13
143
83
257
150
Total ....
56
62
63 181
86
105
35
226
407
UNITARIAN CHURCH
New Gravel Pit, Chatham PI.
15
36
54
26
28
BRETHREN
57
111
6, Twemlow Terr., London
Fields ....
12
9
5
26
11
8
10
29
55
Gospel Hall, Paragon Road
23
30
13
66
21
44
28
93
159
Christian Church, Loddiges
Road
12
14
5
31
13
26
8
47
78
Clapton Hall, Alkham Rd.
99
136
51
286
73
200
51
324
610
Ferry Gospel Hall, Upper
Clapton ....
14
25
57
96
Blurton Road Hall
34
53
36
123
21
40
34
95
218
Homer House Room, Bloom-
field Street
22
13
6
41
20
19
7
46
87
West Side Gospel Hall,
London Fields .
9
10
9
28
6
10
11
27
55
Hall, 68, Downham Road,
Kingsland.
28
26
9
63
30
34
13
77
140
Total ....
239
291
134
664
209
406
219
834
1,498
66
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
FOREIGN" PROTESTANT SERVICES
MOHNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
ChWrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Ritson Road, Dalston .
28
26
32
86
11
52
69
132
218
CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC CHURCH
Mare Street .
84
79
36
199
87
49
213
SALVATION ARMY
Congress Hall, Linscott Rd.
296
455
163
914
443
882
310
1,635
2,549
Temple, Alniack Road
8
6
91
105
10
8
106
124
229
High Street, Homerton
11
25
12
48
23
70
56
149
197
Mallard St., Hackney Wick
6
21
8
35
13
38
6
57
92
Mare Street ....
47
117
85
249
62
198
199
459
708
Havelock Road, Well Street
13
24
29
66
14
41
17
72
138
81, Balls Pond Road .
20
23
12
55
26
81
8
115
170
Total ....
401
671
400
1,472
591
1,318
702
2,611
4,083
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Scholastica, Clapton
St. Mary and St. Dominic,
Hackney Wick .
Our Lady and St. Joseph,
Kingsland.
St. John the Baptibt, Hack-
ney
Totel . . . .
51
166
55
272
29
75
23
127
139
252
255
646
29
61
51
141
252
405
255
912
111
225
102
438
247
245
156
648
35
61
32
128
689
1,068
721
2,478
204
422
208
834
OTHER SERVICES
London City Mission, Castle
Street ....
14
35
22
71
71
London City Miss., Hassett
R'jad
17
34
78
129
129
Brrnmwick Mission, Retreat
Place ....
5
3
15
23
10
19
18
47
70
"Spiritualists," Manor
Rooms, Kenraure Road .
51
77
8
136
136
Y.M.C.A., Mare Street .
33
32
3
68
68
Kingnland Gosjjel Mission,
Tottenham Square .
Working Mens Mission,
2
1
23
26
3
11
25
39
65
Nimrwl Alley .
Benyon Road Hall, South-
4
4
3
6
25
34
38
gate Road
6
9
7
22
22
Morley Hall, 123, Mare St.
42
81
52
176
175
Earlham Hall, Balls Pond
Road
16
27
67
110
33
95
131
259
369
Church fif Martin Luther,
SjK'ldhurst l{oa<l
8
11
2
21
9
22
6
37
58
Weisli Servic, M.jrley Hall
12
6
13
31
31
Bruce Hall Mission
20
23
198
241
241
Old Gravel Pit Mission
9
5
231
245
82
158
124
364
609
John St. Ragged Schools .
12
32
44
4
3
111
118
162
Total ....
44
59
370
473
339
611
821
1,771
2,244
EAST LONDON— HACKNEY
67
1 DENOMINATIONAL
TOTALS
T»t3'XT/~\TLf TX^ A 'PT/'^'W
MOKNING.
EVENING.
Total
DENUMIIN AilUJN.
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
1,627
2,853
3,178
7,658
2,205
4,665
1,790
8,660
16,318
„ „ Missions
71
80
867
1,018
194
467
612
1,273
2,291
Wesleyan Meth. Church
482
543
774
1,799
680
1,165
626
2,471
4,270
U. Meth. Free Church .
77
129
87
293
57
137
74
268
561
Primitive Meth. Church
148
124
404
676
213
351
261
825
1,501
Baptist Church
575
727
652
1,954
625
1,304
562
2,491
4,445
„ Missions .
9
6
95
110
35
91
110
236
346
Congregational Church.
1,259
1,848
1,352
4,459
1,576
2,638
957
5,171
9,630
„ Missions
41
40
773
854
182
411
563
1,156
2,010
Presbyterian Church .
56
62
63
181
86
105
35
226
407
Unitarian Church
15
36
3
54
26
28
3
57
111
Brethren
239
291
134
664
209
406
219
834
1,498
Foreign Prot. Services .
28
26
32
86
11
52
69
132
218
Cath. Apostolic Church
84
79
36
199
77
87
49
213
412
Salvation Army .
401
671
400
1,472
591
1,318
702
2,611
4,083
Boman Catholic Church
689
1,068
721
2,478
204
422
208
834
3,312
Other Services
44
59
370
473
339
611
821
1,771
2,244
Jewish Church
572
192
510
1,274
...
...
1,274
Grand Totals .
6,417
8,834
10,451
25,702
7,310
14,258
7,661
29,229
54,931
Population i^oman Catholic
Other Services
s
O
a.
rtlOO
O
yo
80
'm
_. .1 L _^
■^ttt
DIAGRAM
^■wing A.nalysis of A-ttendance.
HACnNHT.
4^
-L_l-
t
Blue = Eveninf'
I
All Churches
Church of Engrland
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
Black := All ServtcoB
Red - Morning.
Blue = Evening
Pel-
Cent
O
w
o
u
E
o
100
90
80
70
G(^
50
40
50
20
10
LI J 1 [. ' . _ 1 ^ _' _,_|i.^ ^ L ' ,_44 ^^
1 ' '
I '
\
..I. ■ 1 ■ : ■ --f-
1 1
\ 1
\ "♦" 1 1
I i 1 '
\ ' .1 . , ! 1 M
\ III A fflL^ A X(4
1 LJ 1 vV vjf Jr cTik. m
\ **.iv^...;^ u' A** J
\ ooe>vinR jrvittMidance.
1 1- T^ — _j —
\ ~. _ _
TOTALS FOR FAST LONDON, " r
' ' ' ' i '1
I ! ! ' 1 '
\ M 1
... ...L. . 1 I 1
I
1
1 \ 1 i
1 1
1 \ ' '
1 1 L
1 i 1 J 1 '
1 1
i \ }
\ 11
1 \ 1 ■ I
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
'11 • [
'■ \ i ^ , 1 . ..^i— ..- —1 ... . — 1— U *-_L__ _
' ' i !\ 1
i j I i\ ! ' i
1 ' ! '
1 I It f
ill j i
III
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The Problem of West London
BY ARTHUR SHERWELL
It would be a profound mistake to attempt to analyse tlie results
of a religious census^ and to deduce conclusions from those results,
without previously relating them to the general social conditions
which prevail in the districts concerned. As I have elsewhere
pointed out, the precise relation of poverty statistics (to take but
a single illustration) to the religious problem of a district may not
at first seem very obvious, but it is none the less real and indis-
putable. Poverty in itself may not seriously affect the problem
of morals, but destitution undoubtedly does ; and while it is easy
to exaggerate its influence, it is folly, and worse than folly, to
ignore it. Aristotle claimed that it is " needful first to have a
maintenance, and then to practise virtue " ; and while we should
protest that this is not so absolutely, yet historically and prac-
tically the statement has in it a large measure of truth. The
general law of progress, or civilisation — call it what we will — is
an ascent from physical to moral. It is not a question of the
intrinsic superiority of the one over the other, but of natural
order^ and any analysis of moral or religious facts which ignores
this order must by so much be inconclusive and misleading.
Physical destitution tends to intensify, if it does not actually
create, moral obliquity and weakness, and hence religious work
among the most destitute classes must always be judged by its
own standards. Its results will be relative rather than absolute,
although the ideal which inspires it will still be, as always, uncon-
ditioned and free. And what is true of poverty holds true of
other social conditions also. Even its opposite — wealth — is a fact
to be seriously reckoned with in any estimate of religious con-
ditions. Such considerations apply to all districts, but they are
peculiarly appropriate when considering the conditions of religious
life in that group of boroughs which, for the purposes of the Daily
Neivs Census, are denominated "West London." The selection is,
69
70 TSE .;BELIGI0U^ llFE OF LONDON
of course, an arbitrary one, just as the boundaries of the separate
boroughs which comprise the group are themselves arbitrary ; but
this is a difficulty which cannot be avoided and can only be
allowed for in stating the facts and in drawing conclusions. In
estimating the religious problem of West London a much more
careful analysis is required than would be necessary, probably, in
an}' other district in Europe. While there are here all the ordinary
conditions that determine the moral and religious atmosphere of a
district, there are also present other conditions which, so far as
England at least is concerned, are peculiar to West London. What
these conditions are it is necessary to make plain before considering
the results of the religious census.
GROWTH AND DRIFT OF POPULATION
The districts themselves are not homogeneous, and their history
clearly illustrates the law and habits of a city's growth. Taking
the seven boroughs as a whole, there has been a notable increase
in population, especially in recent years, but this is almost en-
tirely due to the growth of the outer districts. The population of
Fulham, for example, has more than trebled in twenty years, while
that of Hammersmith has increased by 55 per cent. Kensington,
on the other hand, has remained nearly stationary ; Marylebone
has actually declined ; while the population of that strangely
heterogeneous group of districts known as the City of West-
minster has materially decreased. That decline, however, with all
that it involves in changing social conditions, dates farther back
than twenty years. The prosperous classes, driven from Soho,
pressed over into St. George's, Hanover Square. Forty or fifty
years ago St. George's began noticeably to decline, and Kensington
sprang up with a mad rush of growth. But in the seventies
decline was noticeable even here. The district continued to grow,
but at a greatly reduced rate, until between 1881 and 1891 things
were practically stationary, the increase being only 1*9 per
cent. ; while in the same interval Paddington increased 10*1
per cent., and Fulham 64-5 per cent. The same law of change
and expansion is noticeable, of course, in other districts, only
it has not elsewhere the same aspect of realism, nor is it so
sweeping and revolutionary. It is only in very wealth}'- districts
that the realism and pathos of the change become conspicuously
apparent.
THE PROBLEM OF WEST LONDON
71
THE WEALTH OF THE DISTRICTS
For, after all, it is the wealth of the districts that is the imme-
diately obvious fact about them. Within their borders lie hidden
the accumulated riches of the Empire. In this respect comparisons
with other districts are unequal and, except as they make for the
awakening of a social conscience and an equalisation of civic
burdens, absurd ; but they may be useful here. Rateable values
are far from satisfactory tests of wealth, and I will take no account
of them here. The fact that a penny rate produces less than
£2,000 (£1,893) in Bermondsey, and just over £2,000 (£2,159) in
Bethnal Green, but more than £9,000 (£9,308) in Kensington, and
nearly £23,000 (£22,805) in Westminster, has its own significance,
but it is not an exhaustive test of relative prosperity. It is
a more direct clue to realise that the proportion of domestic
indoor servants to families or separate occupiers does not, in
the case of five out of seven West London boroughs, fall below
60 per cent., and rises in Kensington as high as 80 per cent. ;
whereas in Bethnal Green and Shoreditch it is less than 6 per
cent., in Bermondsey 6"6 per cent., and in Poplar 8*1 per cent.
The figures presented in tabular form show the position at a
glance :
Proportions per
Proportions per
cent, of domestic
cent, of domestic
BOROUGH.
indoor servants to
BOROUGH.
indoor servants to
familiea or separate
families or separate
occupiers.
occupiers.
Kensington .
80-0
Poplar .
8-1
Westminster .
65-8
Southwark .
7-8
Chelsea .
55-2
Bermondsey .
6-6
St. Marylebone .
51-4
Bethnal Green
5-8
Paddington .
50-2
Shoreditch .
57
NUMBER OF PERSONS OF INDEPENDENT MEANS
Another clue is afforded by the number of persons (excluding
married women) of ten years of age and upwards who are
living on their own means. In the seven West London
boroughs the number is 17,038, or practically 3 per cent. (2-9)
of the total number of males and unmarried females above ten
years of age. In the five East London boroughs (representing
an almost equal aggregate of population) the number is only
72
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
2,800, or 0-5 per cent. Tlie following figures will make the
contrast clear:
BOROUGH.
Total number of
males and unmarried
females of 10 years
and upwards (1901).
Number living
on own means.
Tor cent.
Kensington .
Paddington .
St. Marylebone
Westminster .
Southwark .
Poplar .
Stepney .
Bermondsey .
112,111
88,427
84,475
121,921
112,752
91,741
162,291
70,390
4519
3038
2243
3106
526
377
457
241
4-0
3-4
2-6
2-5
0-5
0-4
0-3
0-3
PROFESSIONAL AND COMMERCIAL CLASSES
The contrast is made further apparent in an analysis of occu-
pations. In Kensington the professional classes (males) represent
8'5 per cent, of the total occupied males in the borough, and in
Paddington 7 per cent. In Southwark, on the other hand, the
professional classes form only 2'6 per cent, of the occupied males,
and in Stepney 1'6 per cent. The commercial class, again, forms
10"4 per cent, of the occupied males in Paddington, and 9"5 per
cent, in Kensington, as against 6'8 per cent, in Southwark and
4*6 per cent, in Stepney.
SIZE AND CHARACTER OF HOUSES
Another clue is presented in the size and character of the
houses. In Kensington the tenements containing five rooms and
upwards represent 45 per cent, of the whole, in "Westminster
36 per cent., and in Paddington 36 per cent. In Bethnal Green,
on the other hand, the proportion is only 16 per cent., in Shore-
ditch 15, and in Southwark 17. The arbitrary arrangement of
boundaries makes the contrast less striking than it would be if
we confined the comparison to typical districts, but, even as it is,
it is sufficiently suggestive.
EVIDENCES OF POVERTY
If we reverse the method of comparison and have regard to
the facts not of wealth but of poverty, as evidenced in the conditions
THE PROBLEM OF WEST LONDON 73
of housing and healtli, the contrast is less apparent. This arises
partly from the arbitrary grouping of boroughs. The inclusion,
for instance, of Hammersmith and Fulham in the West London
division ; of Lewisham, Greenwich, and Wandsworth in the South
London division ; of Hampstead in the Northern division, and of
Hackney in East London, considerably affects the averages of the
separate divisions. We may take as an illustration of this the facts
of overcrowding. The density of jjopidation in West London (taking
the whole of the seven boroughs) shows an average of 78 persons
to the acre. In North London the average is 87 ; in East London
106; while in South London, owing to the inclusion of Lewisham,
Woolwich, Greenwich, and Wandsworth, the average for the ten
boroughs is only 40. If we take typical boroughs in each division
instead, the contrast is at once clear. In Kensington the density
of population is 77 persons to the acre ; in Westminster 73, and in
Paddington 106. In Soathwark, on the other hand, the average
is 182, in Shoreditch 180, in Bethnal Green 171, and in
Stepney 169.
But the arbitrary grouping of the boroughs is only a part
of the explanation. It is chiefly due to the fact that, while there
is in the principal West London boroughs a great and unpre-
cedented concentration of wealth, there is in most of them a
large measure of poverty also, and this causes the statistics of
overcrowding, and other similar statistics, to approximate much
more nearly to the statistics of East and South London than
would be generally expected.
OVERCROWDING
If we take, as an instance, the number of persons living in
one-room tenements^ the average for West London is 7 per cent,
of the population. In North London the average is 9*2 per cent.,
in East London 8-6 per cent., while in the South London group it
is only 4*4 per cent. If we compare separate boroughs, selecting
those with the highest figures in each division, we find that while
St. Marylebone has 12 per cent, of its total population living in
one-room tenements, Finsbury has 14-2 per cent., Shoreditch 12'7
per cent., Stepney 11-6 per cent., and Southwark 9-8 per cent.
The average for London as a whole is 6-7 per cent. If we turn
to the number of persons living under overcrowded conditions {i.e.,
74
THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
more than two persons to a room) the figures again approximate
more nearly than we should expect. The proportion of over-
crowded persons in the West London group of boroughs is 14-2
per cent, of the total population. In East London it is 23'8 per
cent., in North London 19'9 per cent., and in South London 10'9
per cent. In London as a whole the proportion is 16 per cent.
If instead of entire divisions or groups we take the separate
boroughs, a greater divergence is seen. Of the West London
boroughs, St. Marylebone has the highest proportion of overcrowded
persons — namely, 21 "1 per cent. ; Kensington being next with 14-8
per cent. Of the East London boroughs, on the other hand.
Stepney has 33-2 per cent, of its population overcrowded. Shore-
ditch 29*9 per cent., and Bethnal Green 29-6 per cent. Of the
North London boroughs, Finsbury has 35-2 per cent, of its popu-
lation overcrowded, Holborn 25 per cent., and St. Pancras 23*9
per cent. In South London, Southwark has 22'3 per cent, of its
population overcrowded, and Bermondsey 19"6 per cent.
It may be convenient to summarise the comparison in the
following table :
BOROUGH.
( St. Marylebone
West London -j Kensington
( Paddington
East London
South London
<■ Stepney .
•j Shoreditch
(Bethnal Green
I Southwark
•^ Bermondsey
Lambeth .
!■ Finsbury.
North London ■{ Holborn .
(St. Pancras
Number of
peraons per acre.
90
77
106
169
180
171
182
87
74
172
147
87
Percentafte of popu-
lation living in
one-room tenements.
12-.3
6-4
6-4
11-6
127
9-8
98
6-7
63
14-2
14-3
11-7
Percentage of
population
overcrowded.
21-1
14-8
13-5
33-21
29-9
29-6
22-3
19-6
12'2
35-2
25-0
23-9
MORTALITY STATISTICS
The conditions of housing are generally reflected in the statistics
of mortality, and for this reason it may be well to carry the com-
parison further. The grouping of the boroughs again hides the
full force of the contrast, except as between West London and
East London, but a reference to the separate boroughs brings it
out more clearly :
THE PROBLEM OF WEST LONDON
75
BOROUGH.
Corrected Death Rate
(1901).
Deaths per 1000 living.
(St. Marylebone .
West London i Kensington .
( Paddington .
|Shoreditch ,
East London < Stepney
(Bethnal Green .
1 Southwark .
South London -jBermondsey
< Lambeth
j Finsbury
North London-^ Holborn
(St. Pancras.
1V8
16-2
15-2
22-3
22-0
20-5
22-6
21-6
17-8
231
227
19-3
INFANT MORTALITY
The waste of infant life is ordinarily an even surer test of
the social and economic conditions, and here again the comparison
is favourable to West London, although, for reasons which will
shortly appear, it is not so convincingly so as the difference in
wealth would lead us to expect :
GROUP.
Number of Deaths under
1 year of age per
1000 births (1901).
West London ....
East London
South London ....
North London ....
143
163
145
130
If we take typical boroughs the force of the contrast more
plainly appears ^ :
BOROUGH.
Number of Deaths under
1 year of age per 1000 births.
^Kensington.
West London -(Paddington.
(St. Marylebone
[Shoreditch .
East London < Stepney
( Betnnal Green
( Bermondsey
South London -j Southwark .
( Lambeth
rSt. Pancras .
North London^ Finsbury .
I Holborn
163
136
107
197
163
153
169
168
139
154
142
124
' The boroughs selected do not in all cases show the highest figures, but for
the sake of uniformity I adopt the same sets throughout.
76
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OP LONDON
DEATHS FROM PRINCIPAL EPIDEMIC DISEASES.
The deaths from the principal epidemic diseases offer another
test, although, where one year's statistics only are concerned
the comparison must not be pressed too far. Where, however,
the districts compared are so large, the comparison becomes much
more reliable.
GROUP.
Deaths from Principal
Epidemic Diseases (1901).
Rate per 1000 living.
West London ....
East London ....
South London ....
North London ....
1-93
272
2-26
1-95
Or, if we take separate boroughs, the following result appears
BOROUGH.
Deaths from Principal
Epidemic Diseiises (1901).
Rate per 1000 Uving.
TKensington .
West London -^^ Paddington.
1st. Marylebone .
rShoreditch ,
East London '. Bethnal Green .
I Stepney
rSouthwark .
South London-^ Bermondsey
I Lambeth
j" Finsbury .
North London-^ St. Pancras .
( Holborn
1-83
1-73
1-65
2-99
2-88
2-54
3-02
2-90
215
278
2-39
2-28
DEATHS FROM PHTHISIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Lastly, in order thoroughly to exhaust the comparison, we will
take the deaths from phthisis, pneumonia, and other respiratory
diseases. These are pre-eminently forms of disease where an
amehoration of the conditions of life, and especially an improvement
of air space within the dwelling, tends to reduce mortality. In
the opinion of the International Congress on Tuberculosis held
in London in 1901, overcrowding, defective ventilation, damp and
general insanitary conditions in the houses of the working classes
diminish the chance of curing consumption, and aid in predisposing
to and spreading the disease. A comparison between East and
THE PROBLEM OF WEST LONDON
77
"West London undoubtedly confirms this conclusion. The figures
for the two divisions are as follow :
DEATH-EATE PEE 100,000 LIVING (1901).
GROUP.
PhthUig.
other 1 i Other i Total of
tubercular i Pneumonia, i respiratory | i classes of
diseases. | diseases. j diseases.
' 1 i
West London .
East London .
151
194
16
26
115
158
200
238
482
616
A comparison of tj'pical boroughs in each of the four divisions
of London discloses a similar result :
DEATH-EATE PEE ]
L 00,000 LIVING (1901).
BOROUGH.
1
Phthisis.
Other
tuhercular
diseases.
Pneumonia.
Other
respiratory
diseases.
Total of
4 classes of
diseases.
^St. Marylebone
West London - Kensington
(Paddington
182
137
110
23
10
16
120
100
97
217
177
177
542
424
400
( Shoreditch
East London ■{ Bethnal Green
( Stepney .
215
216
210
30
21
31
180
183
188
291
254
239
716
674
668
( Southwark
South London-^ Bermondsey
(Lambeth .
248
176
166
28
33
21
199
237
139
245
226
193
720
672
519
j^Holborn .
North London^ Finsbury .
(St. Pancras
277
223
184
12
22
14
157
185
153
279
281
179
725
711
530
CONTRASTS OF WEALTH AND POVERTY
But while the West London boroughs, considered as complete
areas, compare thus favourably with other parts of London, it is
to be remembered that the boroughs themselves are strangely
heterogeneous in their character, and contain within their borders
the most violent and startling contrasts. It is precisely these
contrasts which make the religious problem of West London so
difficult and complicated, and which distinguish it as a thing
apart. In the central districts especially — and in this category I
include Westminster, St. Marjdebone, and parts of Paddington— are
found aU. the ordinary facts of social life in crowded districts, —
insanitary dwellings, irregular emploj^ment, sweated wages, and
chronic physical weakness, intensified by higher rents and a
relatively higher cost of living ; and, what is worse still, aggravated
by the close proximity of those extremes of wealth and poverty
78 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
which are the special and peculiar miseries of West London. As
I have elsewhere pointed out, in the east and south of London
life has its deep and extended miseries, but this is not one of
them. There the colour of life, if deadly dull, is more even ; it
knows nothing of those violent extremes of luxury and want which
fix irrevocably and hopelessly before the worker's eyes the gulf
which divides the classes.
Westminster. — Let me take as a first illustration the City of
Westminster. I will omit from the illustration the poverty of
the eastern parts of the borough, such as St. Clement Danes,
St. Mary-le-Strand, and St. Paul, Covent Garden, and compare the
more distinctively western portions of the borough only. Nothing
could well be more abrupt and startling than the contrast between
(say) Soho and the adjacent district of St. George's, Hanover
Square. In the district of Soho, taking an area with a popula-
tion of more than 30,000, the percentage of poverty has been
estimated at 42-4. In certain parts of the district it is even higher.
One area, which includes a population of about 6,000 persons,
has a poverty percentage of 46'6, while another, with a larger
population, actually shows a percentage of 51-6. In the neigh-
bouring district of Mayfair, on the other hand, the percentage of
poverty is only 2"7 ; while in one area, representing a population
of 4,000 persons, it is only 0'5. In Belgravia again the percentage
is 6. In Mayfair the upper classes form 19 per cent, of the
population. In St. James and Soho they form 7 per cent., and
in St. John's, Westminster, but 2 per cent. On the other hand,
in St. John's parish the "poor" form nearly 46 per cent, of the
population, and the " crowded " 62 per cent. Taking the City of
Westminster as a whole, the death-rate for all ages during the
fifty-three weeks ending January 3rd, 1903, was 16 per 1,000 of
population, but in the St. John ward it was 23-3, and in the
Strand ward 24-3. In the Conduit ward, on the other hand, it
was only 9-8, and in the ward of Knightsbridge St. George 9-6.
The deaths of infants under one year of age during the same
period averaged 127 per 1,000 births for the borough as a whole,
but 163 in the Strand ward and 230 in Charing Cross ward.
In the Grosvenor ward they averaged only 96 per 1,000, and in
Knightsbridge St. George 92. Altogether it may be said that no
other borough is so strangely and even startlingly heterogenous
in its character, although violent contrasts abound in each of the
central West London boroughs.
THE PROBLEM OF WEST LONDON 79
St. Marylebone. — In St. Marylebone the population as a whole
is more settled than is the case in Westminster, but extremes
of wealth and poverty meet here also. In the parish of Christ
Church, especially, they lie very near together. According to
Mr. Booth, 37 per cent, of the population of that parish belong
to the "central" (i.e., not crowded) class, while 31 per cent, are
"poor" and 51 per cent, "crowded." That parish indeed ap-
proximates very closely to certain parts of Westminster. There
is the same absence of ordinary family life among the lodging-
house people on the one hand, and a similar tendency among
the wealthy flat-dwellers on the other, each of these classes
forming a large element in the population of the district. Taking
the borough as a whole, the death-rate in 1902 was 18 per 1,000.
In the sub-district of All Souls it was only 13*9, whereas in Christ
Church it was 19*2, and in St. John 22.
Paddtngton. — Paddington is a wealthier district than St. Mary-
lebone, having indeed, a higher average rateable value than any
other London district. Of the inhabitants of the borough, how-
ever, 51 per cent, live in houses of less than five rooms. In the
registration sub-district of St. Mary the proportion is 61 per cent.,
whereas in the sub-district of St. John the proportion is only 21
per cent. If we take separate wards the force of the contrast is
much more striking. In the Harrow Road ward 75 per cent, of
the population live in homes of less than five rooms, while in
Lancaster Gate West the proportion is only 15 per cent. In
Lancaster Gate East only 1 per cent, of the population live in one-
room tenements, whereas in Church ward more than 15 per cent,
live in one-room tenements. In the matter of overcrowding the
contrast is equally striking. In the two wards of Lancaster Gate
(East and West) the proportion of overcrowded persons is 2*15
and 2-58 respectively. In Church ward, on the other hand, it
is no less than 32'76. The death-rate for the borough in 1901
was 14*26 per 1,000 of the population. In Lancaster Gate East
it was 7-67, in Lancaster Gate West 9"08, but in Church ward it
was 18-37.
Kensington. — The word Kensington has come to be almost a
synonym for wealth, and the marvellous development of the district
during the latter half of the last century almost justifies it. Eighty
years ago the rateable value of Kensington was only £75,000.
Thirty years later it was just over a quarter of a million. Twenty
years later still (1873) it had grown to nearly a million, while at
80 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
the present time it is well over two and a quarter millions. Kensing-
ton is also remarkable as possessing a larger proportion of persons
of independent means than any other borough in the kingdom.
But great as the wealth of the district is, it yet has within its
borders patches of poverty and vicious squalor which equal almost
anything to be found elsewhere. In the sub-district known as
Kensington Town, which comprises more than 70 per cent, of the
population of the borough, the percentage of poverty is estimated
by Mr. Booth at 32 "8, although it is also the district containing
the second largest proportion of " upper classes," coming, indeed,
next to Mayfair. The population is poorest and most dense in
the north of the borough, the wards of St. Charles, Golborne, and
Norland offering the most striking contrast to the wealth of the
districts in South Kensington. No greater antithesis to the wealth
and refinement that are usually associated with "West London is,
indeed, anywhere to be found than that presented by what is
known as the " Notting-Dale " area in the Norland ward. That
area comprises a population of some 4,000 people who are more
vicious and criminal than poor, and whose habits and manner
of life constitute one of the gravest challenges to Christian civilisa-
tion that could be found in all London. During the last seven
years the death-rate for all ages in the area has averaged nearly
49 per 1,000, rising in 1899 as high as 69 per 1,000. In 1902 it
was 45-5, as against 15-2 per 1,000 for the borough as a whole.
The rate of infant mortality was actually 427 per 1,000 births,
as against 148 for the entire borough, and that this was not
exceptional is shown by the fact that during the six years
1896-1901 it averaged 447 per 1,000 births! It is clear, there-
fore, that even Kensington presents the same startling contrasts
that mark the other districts in West London.
But enough has been said to show the reality and force of
these contrasts. It remains to consider some of the other directions
in which exceptional social conditions complicate the task of the
Churches, and act more or less directly as disintegrating forces
where morals and religion are concerned.
INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS
Industrially the majority of the West London districts are
singularly invertebrate in their character, the prevailing trades,
in the central districts especially, being " season " trades which,
THE PROBLEM OF WEST LONDON 81
while ministering to luxury, intensify the pressure of poverty and
attract a large number of casual workers for whom no adequate per-
manent provision is possible. The dress and food trades are the
predominant trades in the central districts, although " conveyance "
(-i.e., railway employment, carriers, carmen, cabmen, etc.) accounts
for a largo proportion of the occupied males in all the West
London boroughs. " General labourers " are few in typical districts
such as Westminster, Paddington, and St. Marylebone, but more
numerous in the outlying districts of Chelsea, Fulham, and Hammer-
smith, where the building trades occupy a large proportion of the
male workers. Industrially, Fulham and Hammersmith and parts
of Chelsea more nearly approximate to what may be called normal
industrial conditions than any other districts of West London.
The central districts of the West also abound in those who may
be called " industrial parasites " — i.e., the miscellaneous army of
"touts," "loafers," and "casuals" who are attracted by the wealth
of the West End, and who succeed, by wonderful and almost
incredible resource, in eking out a sort of parasitic existence,
feeding upon the follies and vices and pleasures of wealthy West
London. Included in this large army are hotel, theatrical, and
music-hall employes, cab " touts," sandwich-men, and " dossers "
of every description — a class who do more than is generally
supposed to vitiate the moral, as well as the industrial, life of
the districts in which they are found.
The predominant women's trades are, of course, the dress and
food trades, and these, with laundry work and domestic service,
practically absorb all the female workers. In respect of conditions
of employment, women in the West suffer more than men. Work
(outside of domestic service) is extremely intermittent and, to
a large extent, badly paid, while the hours of work are often
excessive. A brief analysis of the industrial conditions in the
various districts will serve to show the prevailing conditions and
afford a clue to part of the problem which the social and religious
worker has to face.
Westminster. — In this borough the largest proportion (19 per
cent.) of the male workers are employed in domestic ofEces or
services (i.e., hotels, restaurants, lodging-houses, private domestic
service, etc.). The food and drink trades come next, occupying
12 per cent, of the male workers, while the conveyance of men,
goods, and messages employs Hi per cent. The commercial occu-
pations employ 7 per cent, of the male workers, and the dress
6
82 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
trades 6 per cent. Of the female workers, domestic offices and
services account for no less than 62 per cent., the dress trades
for 16i per cent., and the food trades for 6 per cent.
St. Marylebone. — In this borough the prevailing occupations
among male workers are " conveyance " (-i.e., railways, carriers,
cabmen, etc.), 17 per cent. ; the food and drink trades, 11 per cent. ;
building, etc., 11 per cent. ; domestic offices or services, 10 per
cent. ; dress trades, 7 per cent. ; commercial occupations, 7 per cent. ;
while the various professions also account for 7 per cent, of the
occupied males. Of the female workers, domestic offices and services
claim 54 per cent., the dress trades 23 per cent., while 8 per cent,
follow various professions.
Paddingtox. — The largest proportion of the male workers in
this district (22 per cent.) are employed in " conveyance." Building,
etc., occupies 13 per cent. ; the food and drink trades, 10 per cent. ;
commercial occupations, 10 per cent. ; and domestic offices and
services, nearly 7 per cent. The various professions occupy another
7 per cent, of the male workers. Among the women workers the
two principal occupations are domestic offices and services and the
dress trades. The former occupy 61 per cent, of the female workers,
and the latter 17 per cent.
Kensington, —Here, again, "conveyance" employs the largest
proportion of male workers — namely, nearly 17 per cent. The
building trades and " works of construction " occupy 13 per cent. ;
food, drink, and lodging, 10 per cent. ; domestic offices and services,
10 per cent, ; commercial occupations, 9^ per cent. ; while Sh per
cent, follow professions. Of the female workers, the overwhelming
proportion (75 per cent.) are employed in domestic offices and
services, while the dress trades employ 9 per cent.
Chelsea. — As we get nearer the outer ring of London the
character of the prevailing industries changes. Chelsea has not
a very determinate industrial identity. The various forms of
"conveyance" occupy 16 per cent, of the male workers, while
building and works of construction occupy 15 per cent. Domestic
offices and services account for 11 per cent., and the food and
drink trades for lOi per cent. "General labourers" are more
numerous, and represent 5^ per cent, of the occupied males. Of
the women workers, domestic offices and services claim 63 per cent.
(52 per cent, are domestic servants proper, 5 per cent, laundry
workers, and 4 per cent, charwomen), while the dress trades claim
nearly 17 per cent.
THE PROBLEM OF WEST LONDON 83
FuLHAM. — In this borough we approach more nearly to normal
industrial conditions. The building and cognate trades claim the
highest proportion of male workers — namely, 19 per cent. " Con-
veyance " occupies 17^ per cent., the food and drink trades 11 per
cent., and commercial occupations 9| per cent. General labourers
form 5 per cent, of the male workers. Of the women workers,
53 per cent, are employed in domestic offices and services (33
per cent, are domestic servants proper, and 15 per cent, laundry
workers), 19 per cent, in the dress trades, while the various pro-
fessions claim the third largest proportion — viz., 10| per cent.
Hammersmith. — In this, the last of the West London boroughs,
the chief trades are " building and works of construction," which
occupy 17^ per cent, of the male workers, and " conveyance," which
occupies 15| per cent. Commercial occupations engage the energies
of nearly 11 per cent., and the food and drink trades of 9^ per cent^
The metal trades employ 6 per cent., while general labourers are
more numerous than elsewhere in West London, forming nearly
7 per cent, of the male workers. Of the female workers, 60 per
cent, are employed in domestic offices and services (30 per cent,
are domestic servants proper, and 20 per cent, laundry workers),
and 18 per cent, in the dress trades, while 10 per cent, follow
professions.
COMPAEISON WITH EAST AND SOUTH LONDON
It may be of interest to compare the more typical of the fore-
going districts with typical East and South London districts. For
this purpose I select the boroughs of Stepney and Southwark.
Stepney. — In this borough the professions claim less than 2 per
cent, of the occupied males, and domestic offices and services only
1 per cent. Commercial occupations, again, engage less than 5 per
cent. The chief industries are " conveyance," which occupies 23
per cent. ; and the dress trades, which employ 20 per cent. Food,
drink, and lodging account for 11 per cent. ; while building (5| per
cent.), the metal trades (4| per cent.), and general labourers (6 per
cent.), are the principal remaining trades. Among the female
workers the cheap dress trades occupy 28 per cent., domestic
offices and services 24|- per cent. (13 per cent, are domestic
servants proper, 6 per cent, charwomen, and 4 per cent, laundry
workers), while food, drink, and lodging occupy 12| per cent.
Southwark. — In this borough the industries are more varied as
well as more evenly distributed. " Conveyance " occupies one-fifth
84 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OP LONDON
of the total number of male workers, but tliis is the only large or
predominant industr3\ The food and drink trades occupy 10 per
cent, of the male workers, the building trades nearly 10 per cent.,
the metal trades 8 per cent., and the printing trades nearly 7 per
cent. Commercial occupations engage less than 6 per cent., and
the various professions 2-|- per cent. Of the female workers,
domestic offices and services occupy nearly 27 per cent. (12 per
cent, are domestic servants proper, 6^ per cent, are laundry
workers, and 5 per cent, charwomen), the dress trades 25 per
cent., printing and bookbinding 15 per cent., and the food and
drink trades 11 per cent.
The effect of the comparison, so far as it concerns the male
workers, is to show (1) the much higher percentage of the profes-
sional classes in the West London boroughs, the average being
just over 6 per cent., as against 2 per cent, in the East and
South; (2) the higher proportion of the commercial classes, the
average being 9 per cent, against 6 per cent. ; (3) the far higher
proportion of men engaged in domestic offices and services, the
average percentage being 9 in the "West as against 1 in Stepney
and 2 in Southwark ; and (4) the almost identically similar pro-
portion of male workers engaged in the food, drink, and lodging
trades in the West, East, and South. So far as the female workers
are concerned the outstanding feature of the comparison is the
extraordinary preponderance of women engaged in domestic offices
and services in the West. Taking the whole of the seven West
London boroughs the average is 61 per cent., as against 24 in
Stepney and 27 in Southwark. This preponderance, and also the
relatively higher proportion of men servants in the West, are
facts to be remembered when analysing and comparing the
statistics of church attendance.
RESULTS OF THE EELIGIOUS CENSUS
So much by way of rapid survey of the general social and
economic conditions of the districts. Something remains to be
said as to the general moral conditions, but this may with advan-
tage be deferred until we have analysed the actual records of
church attendance. In considering these for particular localities,
one fact which applies with special force to West London must be
allowed for. The attendance at particular churches is not always
a sure test of the religious habits of the local residents. Many of
THE PEOBLEM OF WEST LONDON 85
the churches in "West London draw a large proportion of their
congregations from places outside the limits of the parish or
district in which they are situated — the fame of the preacher, or
some special feature in the service, coupled with a certain extra-
parochial feeling which widely prevails in West London, chiefly
accounting for this. For this reason stress cannot uniformly be
laid upon the records of particular churches. But conditions tend
to equalise themselves when we consider larger districts, and it is
this broad survey that I wish to take.
The fact that the Census had to be spread over a long period
of time was bound in our uncertain climate to affect some districts
injuriously, and it happened that adverse conditions fell quite dis-
proportionately to the lot of West London. Of the seven boroughs
in the West London group, three — viz., Kensington, Hammersmith,
and Fulham — had tlioroughly wet days, rain falling heavily through-
out the day, while a fourth — Chelsea — was enumerated on a showery
day. Fulham and Hammersmith were peculiarly unfortunate. On
the date of the original census a fog prevailed from noon till
night. The church attendance in these boroughs was therefore
re-enumerated on June 14th, and on this date rain fell unceasingly
all day. As the total number of boroughs in London experiencing
thoroughly wet days was only six out of twenty-nine. West
London, with a proportion of three out of seven, was particularly
unfortunate. On the other hand, three of the West London
boroughs — viz., Paddington, Westminster, and St. Marylebone —
had fine days. In London as a whole, fourteen out of twenty-nine
boroughs had fine days. If we pay no regard for the moment to
general social conditions and the presumption that arises out of
them, the position of the West London boroughs compared with
London as a whole is not unsatisfactory. Omitting from the
comparison (as we properly may) the City of London, St.
Marylebone heads the list for London with a ratio of 1 person
in every 3* attending some place of religious worship; West-
minster is fourth with a ratio of 1 in 3-68; Kensington is eighth
with a ratio of 1 in 3-90 ; Chelsea is eleventh with a ratio of
1 in 4-11 ; and Paddington is fourteenth with a ratio of 1 in 4-55.
That is to say, five out of seven boroughs are included in the
first half of the list. On the other hand. Hammersmith is
twenty-fifth in the list with a ratio of 1 in 6-23, and Fulham
is actually last with a ratio of 1 in 7*41. If general social and
* No deduction is made for " Twicers " in any of the ratios here given.
86 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
economic conditions count for canything, as we know they do, in
affecting churcli attendance, we should expect the two last-named
boroughs to be lowest in the West London group, but their actual
record establishes a relative position that is obviously too bad to
be true, and the figures suggest that the peculiarly bad weather
conditions under which the census was taken have stamped both
boroughs with a relative inferiority that is not wholly deserved.
Similarly, the presumption is that Kensington has suffered in
comparison with Westminster, although the latter borough un-
doubtedly also gains from the non-local character of many of the
worshippers in its churches. The influence of the weather is
seen by a close analysis of the returns for all the London
boroughs. It is not, of course, a dominating factor, but it is
clearly one uf several factors that must be allowed for. It is less
apparent than the more powerful influence of social and economic
conditions, but conjoined with these it explains much that is
otherwise difficult of explanation. In the table on page 87 an
attempt has been made to indicate broadly the effect of both
weather and social and economic conditions (so far as these
latter are suggested by overcrowding) upon church attendance.
It is not suggested that the relation is uniformly clear and direct,
or that other influences are not present. In some instances the
relation is certainly obscure, but, allowance being made for other
factors, there would seem to be a broad relation, especially
between the social conditions of the people and their religious
habits.
Now if we divide the list into two equal divisions, taking
the fourteen boroughs with the best ratios of church attendance
as the first group, and the fourteen with the lowest ratio of
church attendance as the second group, we have this interesting
fact, that the general social and economic conditions are decidedly
superior in the first group where the church attendance is highest.
In the first fourteen boroughs the average proportion of over-
crowding is 11 per cent. In the second group of fourteen the
average proportion of overcrowding is 20 per cent. The com-
parison, if we take individual boroughs, is not at once decisive,
since certain boroughs in the first group have a comparatively
high proportion of overcrowded persons within their borders. But
an analysis of the returns shows that in these cases the high
attendances are due, not to the overcrowded classes, but to the
prosperous classes in those boroughs. This is certainly true of
THE PROBLEM OF WEST LONDON
87
the four West London boroughs — namely, St. Marylebone, West-
minster, Kensington, and Chelsea. Each of these boroughs has a
comparatively high proportion of overcrowded persons in its
population, but its churches are filled not by these overcrowded
persons, but chiefly by the prosperous classes within its borders.
Without pressing the point unduly or attempting to suggest an
absolutely precise relation of cause and effect, it is a significant
fact that all the typical overcrowded and poverty-ridden boroughs
of the East and South are found in the group where the ratios
of church attendance are lowest, while the prosperous suburban
and wealthy West London boroughs are found in the group
where the ratios of church attendance are highest. Paddington,
though only just inside the first group, has, nevertheless, a
proportion of nearly 14 per cent, of overcrowded persons.
Ratio of
Per cent, of
Month
BOROUGH.
religious
population
when
Weather.
attendance.
overcrowded.
census taken
St. Marylebone
1 in 3-00
21-12^
March
Fine.
Stoke Newington .
1 in 304
5-52
February
Dull morning, damp evening.
Lewisham
1 in 3-04
2-67
^.d
March
Fine.
City of Westminster
1 in 3-58
13 03
S
January
Fine.
Woolwich
1 in 3-68
6-60
w
April
Fine.
Greenwich
1 in 372
8-30
March
Fine.
Hampstead
1 in 386
6-37
November
Heavy rain all day.
Kensington
1 in 3-90
14-84
November
Heavy rain all day.
Hackney .
1 in 3-92
1018
03
March
Fine.
Camberwell .
1 in 3-99
9-65
ci3
February
Fine morning, wet evening.
Chelsea .
1 in 4-11
14-43
03
>
May
Showery day.
Wandsworth .
1 in 4-13
4-46
<
January
Fine morning, wet evening.
Holborn .
1 in 4-16
25-05
June
Fine.
Paddington
1 in 4-55
13-57,
December
Fine.
Islington .
1 in 4-57
17-00^1
January
Fair day (neither wet nor fine).
Bermondsey .
1 in 4-68
19-66
^larch
Fine morning, wet evening.
Ijambeth .
1 in 4-78
12-22
-tJ-
December
Warm, damp day.
Stepney .
1 in 5-06
33-21
June
Fine.
Southwark
1 in 5-06
22-35
o
February
Fine morning, raw evening.
Finsbury .
1 in 5-10
35-22
03
May
Fine.
St. Pancras
1 in 5-49
23-98
P4
December
Warm, damp day.
Deptford.
1 in 5-63
9-06
April
Heavy rain all day.
Poplar
1 in 5-71
16-41
03
February
Fine.
Bethnal Green
1 in 6-16
29-62
^
April
Fine.
Hammersmith
1 in 6-23
11-76
>
June
Heavy rain all day.
Battersea
1 in 6-43
10-89
<
December
Fine.
Shoreditch
1 in 6-89
29-95
May
Fine.
Fulham .
1 in 7-41
10-85,
June
Heavy rain all day.
88 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
PROPORTION OF POPULATION ATTENDING RELIGIOUS
SERVICES
But while West London compares thus favourably with London
as a whole an analysis of the figures makes it clear that the
Churches unitedly attract but a small proportion of the population
to their services. Out of an aggregate population of nearly 950.000
persons, only 215,000 persons, or 22-7 per cent., attend any place
of worship. If we make allowance for "Twicers" the proportion
is only 18-4 per cent. The Church of England attracts far the
highest proportion of the population, its aggregate congregations
(making no allowance for " Twicers ") amounting to 12-6 per cent.
of the total population. The Nonconformist Churches* attract
6*8 per cent, of the population, the Roman Catholic Church 3'2
per cent., while other religious societies and services attract 1"2 per
cent, of the total population.
But of course the aggregate attendance is misleading. To get
at the true condition of things it is necessary to make allowance
for " Twicers," and this is done in the following table which gives
the net figures for each borough in West London. The proportion
of persons actually attending a place of religious worship on
Simday, ranges, it will be seen, from 26 per cent, of the popula-
tion in St. Marylebone to 11 per cent, in Fuiham:
BOROUGH.
Proportion of separate persons
(after deductinR " Twicers")
attendinc public worship.
Per cent, of Population.
St. Marylebone
Westminster
Kensington
Chelsea
Paddington
Hammersmith
Fuiham .
26-1
22-3
20-6
19-8
16-V
13-2
iro
The measure of the religious influence of the different Churches,
so far as this is indicated by church attendance, is set forth in
the following tabic. It will be noticed that in the wealthy
boroughs the proportion of the population attracted to the Church
* It may he well to state that throughout these conii)arisons the Nonconformist
Churches include the Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Baptists, Methodists, Society
of Friends, the Brethren, Salvation Army, and Unitarians. The last-named are,
however, comparatively few in West London, and arc found in two boroughs only.
THE PROBLEM OF WEST LONDON
89
of England is more than twice as great as that reached by the
Nonconformist Churches. In Kensington the proportion is actually
three times as great. In Hammersmith, however, the proportions
are equal,
PROPORTION OF PERSONS (AFTER DEDUCTING "TWICERS")
ATTENDING PUBLIC WORSHIP.
BOROUGH.
Church of England.
Per cent, of
population.
NonconformiBt Churches.
Per cent, of
population.
Roman Catholics.
Per cent, of
population.
Others.
Per cent, of
population.
St. Marvlebone
13-1
7-6
3 3
2-1
Westminster .
13-0
bTi
3-2
0-6
Kensington .
Chelsea .
11-9
10-9
3-8
5-0
3-9
2-2
ro
17
Paddington .
Hammersmith
9-6
5'5
4-8
5-3
1-2
1-7
1-1
0-7
Fulham .
5-8
3-4
13
0-5
The figures are serious enough to startle the most inveterate
optimist. It is impossible to explain them away. They contain
an indictment as well as a challenge, and demand the most serious
consideration of the Churches. The gravity of the aggregate
figures makes denominational comparisons almost irrelevant, but
the Nonconformist Churches especially will do well to consider if
exceptional efforts are not required to enable them to fulfil their
great responsibilities in "West London. The social conditions of
the district, and especially its great wealth, are, it is true, largely
unfavourable to them ; but on the other hand, there are in each of
the West London boroughs large numbers of the classes to whom
the freedom and spontaneity of a Nonconformist service have
always specially appealed. The emplo^'^ees of the large business
houses of the West alone provide unique opportunities for Non-
conformist initiative and enterprise, for the overwhelming majority
of these young men and young women are by birth and religious
education Nonconformists, who have gravitated to London from
the provinces. Experience has shown that a strong and vital
message never fails to attract a congregation in West London,
and its success is especially great where it is united with a real
social sympathy and an appreciation of the solitariness which is
the permanent portion of so many thousands of young men and
young women in these districts. Certainly to have succeeded in
attracting but 5 per cent, of the total population in so vast a
district is a fact full of humiliation. Nor are the results of the
90
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Census less humiliating to the Established Church of England. It
is true that, compared with the Nonconformist Churches, the figures
are more favourable ; but when regard is had to the prevalent
social conditions and to the great advantages which a State
Established Church naturally possesses in prestige and resources
in such a district, the figures leave no room for complacency or
satisfaction, but may well provoke earnest searchings of heart.
To attract but some 10 per cent, of the population is not an
achievement which will satisfy the devout earnestness of the West
London clergy.
PROPORTION OF ADULT POPULATION REACHED BY
THE CHURCHES
So far I have dealt with the total attendance ('i.e., of men,
women, and children) at public services in "West London. It may
be well to test the matter further by omitting children altogether
from the inquiry, and confining the comparison to adults (i.e.,
persons of fifteen years and upwards). The following table gives
for each borough the total number of adult worshippers during
the day (after deducting "Twicers") and the percentage which
they form of the total population.
BOROUGH.
Total 13111111)61 of adult
worshippers (after
deducting " Twicers ").
Proportion per cent.
of the
adult population.
St. Marylebone .
Westminster
Kensington .
Chelsea
Paddington .
Hammersmith
Fulham
23,317
31,992
28,218
9,946
18,766
9,970
9,329
23-2
217
21-1
18-9
17-2
12-9
10-4
If the figures be compared with others given earlier in this
article, it will be seen that in five of the boroughs — viz., St.
Marylebone, Westminster, Chelsea, Hammersmith, and Fulham— the
proportion of the adult population attending public worship is less
than the proportion of the total population (i.e., adults and
children together) ; while in two of the boroughs — viz., Kensington
and Paddington — the proportion is slightly greater. The result
of this further analysis is therefore to increase the conviction of
comparative failure suggested by the earlier figures.
THE PEOBLEM OF WEST LONDON
91
PEEPONDERANCE OF WOMEN AT EELIGIOUS
SEEVICES
A noticeable feature of the West London figures is the prepon-
derance of women at the various religious services. It is most
marked in the wealthy districts, and is notable at morning and
evening services alike. If we take the aggregate number of adult
attenders for the entire West London division, without regard to
separate boroughs or separate churches, we find that both in the
morning and in the evening the proportion of women is 66 per
cent, of the total number of adult worshippers, whereas, taking
the whole of the West London division, women form 58 per cent,
only of the adult population.
The subjoined table shows that the disproportion between the
sexes is most noticeable in the case of the Church of England
and the Eoman Catholic churches, and is less marked in the case
of the Nonconformist churches, where, although the women largely
preponderate, the proportion of men is relatively greater :
WEST LONDON (Aggregate of Seven Boroughs).
Proportion op Sexes in Adult Attenders.
Church of England
Nonconformist
Eoman Catholics
Others
Proportion per cent, of
Men. Women.
31
44
30
46
69
56
70
54
Evening.
Proportion per cent, of
Men. Wonien.
30
40
29
37
70
60
71
63
The number of female domestic servants may account in some
small measure for this relative excess in the proportion of women
in the congregations of the Church of England, for the wealthy
servant-keeping class belong chiefly to the Church of England,
and servants in AVest London tend to worship at the same churches
as their employers — indeed, this is often made a condition of
engagement. But this can be but a small part of the explanation,
for the servants chiefly attend the evening service, whereas, as
the following table shows, the disproportion in three boroughs —
"i.e., St. Marylebone, Kensington, and Paddington — where servants
are very numerous, is actually greater in the morning than in
evening. This is particularly true of Kensington, where the
92
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
number of domestic servants in proportion to families is far
higher than in any other district in London.
PROPORTION PER CENT. OF ADULT ATTENDERS.
BOROUGH.
Morning.
Evening.
Church
Nonconformist
Church
NonconformiBt
of England.
Ch\irche3.
of England.
Churches.
Men.
Women.
Men.
Women.
Men.
Women.
Men.
Women.
St. Marylebone
27
73
39
61
28
72
37
63
Westminster .
38
62
45
55
32
68
39
61
Kensington
26
74
41
59
29
71
35
65
Chelsea .
31
69
37
63
29
71
35
65
Paddington
25
75
43
57
30
70
42
58
Hammersmith .
37
63
50
50
35
65
44
56
Fulham .
40
60
46
44
37
63
46
54
If we compare the above figures with the relative distribution
of the sexes in the adult population of the same boroughs, we
see how great the preponderance of women is in the attendance
at the churches :
Proportions per cent.
BOROUGH.
of sexes in
adult population.
Men.
Women.
St. Marylebone ....
42
58
Westminster ....
46
54
Kensington
36
64
Chelsea
42
58
Paddington
41
59
Hammersmith ....
45
55
Fulham
46
54
The deficiency of men in the congregations of the churches is
certainly disquieting, and while the Nonconformist figures are
far from satisfactory, in this respect at least they compare very
favourably with those for the Church of England, where the
failure to attract men is conspicuous enough to occasion concern.
It is noteworthy that the highest proportion of men is found in
the two boroughs (Hammersmith* and Fulham) where, as I have
already pointed out, the industrial conditions are more normal
than elsewhere in West London, and where the distinctively artisan
class is relatively more numerous.
* The morning figures for Westminster (Church of England) show a higher
proportion of men than those for Hammersmith, but this is owing to the Guards'
Chapels at Wellington Parracks and Chelsea Barracks, and to Holy Trinity,
Knightsbridgc.
THE PROBLEM OF WEST LONDON 93
CONCLUSION
In summing up the results of the Religious Census in West
London, it is but fair to urge that, while the figures undoubtedly
suggest comparative failure on the part of the Churches, the moral
and social conditions which prevail in the district present excep-
tional difficulties to the religious worker. West London is really
the outstanding challenge to civilisation and to religion. The
questions it provokes cut deeper than the questions provoked by
any other area in Christendom. I have tried to indicate the part
which poverty, overcrowding, and exceptional industrial conditions
play in complicating the religious problem. It remains only to
suggest the greater and more difficult obstacles for which the
wealth of the districts is responsible. That the responsibility is
not always direct may be admitted; but the indirect influence of
ill-spent wealth in vitiating the moral atmosphere of a district is
indubitable. A few years ago I pointed out that in West London
" Evil ceases to be a theory and is subtler and deeper than fact.
It surrounds one ever as a subtle and penetrating atmosphere."
The years that have passed since I wrote those words have
certainly not diminished their truth and force. It is not that
virtue and true religion do not find place in the life of the district.
It is not that the standards of personal life are not, in tens of
thousands of instances, lofty and pure. It is not that all wealth
is held and used with an inadequate sense of social responsibility.
It is simply that the dominant, the characteristic note of life in
West London is unspiritual and materialistic. So subtle and
pervasive and penetrating is this note of materialism that it
seems sometimes as if all life were vibrant with it. Unbridled
luxury must always be a vicious and disintegrating influence in
the life of a community, especially where, as in West London, a
considerable portion of the population lives merely to minister
to and maintain it. And herein we have the explanation of that
essentially unspiritual and often actively vicious atmosphere which
besets and thwarts the religious worker in West London. The
growth — for the fact of growth must be admitted — of frankly
vicious standards of conduct and life in West London is a serious and
disquieting fact. The increase in prostitution is indisputable, and
the fact that it is allowed to flaunt itself publicly and shamelessly
in the streets must be held responsible for an amount of moral
disaster which no community ought to be able to contemplate
94 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
witliout searching misgivings and shame. But the prostitution
that is ostentatious in the street is but a part of the evil. The
"West London boroughs contain streets and blocks of flats which
are largely — in the case of some buildings almost entirely — occupied
by kept women and prostitutes. In the south-west ^^oi'tions of
Westminster, in Pimlico, Chelsea, West Brompton, and especially
Fulham, the evil is plainly apparent. Now and again local
authorities take action, but the evil does not abate. It has a
deeper hold upon West London than ever before, and unless the
ideals of life can be raised, and the religious motive be powerfully
appealed to and enforced, recovery is hopeless. The causes of the
evil lie deep in moral facts, and in the investigation of these facts
the Churches may find the message that they require for the
religious conquest of West London.
But vice is not the outstanding fact in the life of West London
nor is it the chief difficulty which the Churches have to overcome.
The religious instincts of the people have been dulled by other
influences. It must be remembered that West London is rapidly
becoming the pleasure-ground not merely of England but of
Europe, and this fact has an important bearing upon religious
experience and work. It helps to create an atmosphere unfavour-
able to religious work by fostering ideals that conflict with the
simpler and more strenuous ideals which religion inspires.
In these and similar facts * lies the special difficulty of religious
work in West London. They affect not one class only, but all
classes in varying degree, for the habits of the rich inHuence the
habits of the less rich and ultimately the habits of the poor.
Certain it is that the shadow of artificial and materialistic ideals
rests upon all classes of the population in the district. But the
disease suggests the remedy. The deeper the analysis is pushed
the more certain the conclusion becomes that in West London at
least the instrument required is not a ^method but a Tnessage.
Methods no doubt are important, and new ones will have to be
devised to supplement the old. In such a district — to give but
• Had space permitted, mention might also have been made of the large foreign
element which crowds certain parts of the district. In the boroughs grouped as
*' West London " there are 25,000 foreigners. In the City of Westminster alone
there are no fewer than 12,000, representing 6 J per cent, of the population. In
the Regent Ward they form 18 per cent, of the population ; in the Great Marlboro'
Ward 21 per cent. ; and in the St. Anne Ward 28 per cent. This foreign element
is largely and avowedly irreligious, and its influence cannot be ignored. Its habits,
traditions, and ideals play a part in the creation of the moral atmosphere of the
district.
THE PROBLEM OF WEST LONDON 95
one example— every theatre, music-liall, and concert-hall should
long ago have been called into requisition for Sunday services
by the Churches. But the invention of new methods is as
nothing in comparison with the discovery of the right message.
To re-discover for the people of West London the meaning and
value and ultimate significance of life is the real problem set
before the Churches.
\
Borough of Marylebon^
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
St. Mary-le-Bone, Maryle-
bone Road
164
436
246
846
199
399
93
691
1,537
Parish Chapel, High Street
24
48
33
105
7
17
15
39
144
All Souls', Langham Place
139
411
111
661
202
508
80
790
1,451
Christ Church, Stafford St.
41
131
233
405
40
154
57
251
656
All Saints', Margaret St.
101
296
60
457
73
176
28
277
734
Holy Trinity, Marylebone
Road
158
491
125
774
221
591
127
939
1,7K
St. Andrew's, Wells Street .
15.3
289
59
501
126
259
186
571
1,072
St. Cyprian's, Glentworth St.
St. Barnabas', Bell Street .
6
53
7
66
12
66
3
81
147
11
15
108
134
20
30
55
105
239
St. James', Westmoreland
Street ....
27
68
30
125
31
40
13
84
209
St. Luke's, Nutford Place .
36
103
49
188
57
i 1
45
179
367
St. Mark's, Hamilton Terr.
108
408
178
694
99
313
96
508
1,202
St. Mark's, Marylebone Rd.
111
284
77
472
36
165
56
257
729
St. Mary's, Bryanston Sq. .
85
358
292
735
60
207
55
322
1,057
St. Matthew's, Carlisle St. .
10
19
54
83
19
35
44
98
181
St. Paul's. Gt. Portland St.
45
127
23
195
38
111
16
165
360
St. Paul's, Rossmore Road .
29
26
100
155
40
72
36
148
303
St. Paul's, Baker Street
106
385
115
606
97
358
36
491
1,097
St. Peter's, Vere Street
281
691
61
1,033
177
336
61
574
1,607
St. Thomas', Orchard Street,
58
162
135
355
38
103
40
181
536
Church of the Annunciation,
Old Quebec Street .
125
425
103
653
42
195
41
278
931
All Saints', Finchley Road .
136
186
1.33
455
50
125
53
228
683
St. John's, Park Road .
35
86
33
154
41
90
41
172
326
Emmanuel, Maida Hill
48
114
195
357
52
132
115
299
656
Brunswick Chapel, Upper
Berkeley Street
79
212
48
339
158
508
217
883
1,222
Total ....
2,116
5,824
2,608
10,548
1,935
5,067
1,609
8,611
19,159
Church of England Missions
Good Shepherd's, Padding-
ton Street ....
19
29
22
70
26
49
56
131
201
All Souls' Church House .
3
4
112
119
10
25
8
43
162
All Souls' Schools
12
95
17
124
124
Trinity Church House .
4
5
60
69
69
St. Mark's, Charlotte Street
2
i
114
123
1
3
6
129
St. Matthew's, Salisbury St.
9
35
48
92
92
Blackbird Coffee Tavern,
Church Army .
69
75
13
157
157
Reeve Mission, East Street'.
3
28
25
56
56
St. Stephen's, Henry Street
5
20
184
209
24
59
26
109
318
St. Stephen's, Charlbert St.
19
19
19
Emmanuel, North Street .
1
5
142
148
9
30
243
282
430
St. Mark's Schools
3
20
228
251
251
Total ....
37
90
862
989
182
399
438
1,019
2,008
GREEK CHURCH
Russian Chapel, Welbeck St.
17
23
23
97
98
THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
for the
Day.
Brunswick Chapel, Balcombe
Street
Victoria, Barrow Hill Road
Hinde Street
29
64
85
43
70
131
41
72
96
113
206
312
42
47
99
79
103
225
55
87
65
17G
237
389
289
443
701
Total ....
178
244
209
631
188
407
207
802
1,433
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Seymour Place
31
35
45
111
26
55
BAPTIST CHURCH
Rehoboth, Riding House St.
14
9
1
24
8
14
4
26
50
Welsh, Castle Street East .
39
31
4
74
171
159
30
360
434
Trinity, John Street .
29
83
57
169
40
114
2
156
325
John Street ....
8
3
12
23
12
21
14
47
70
Shouldham Street
14
26
15
55
19
37
7
63
118
Enon, Church Street .
34
28
73
135
47
100
41
188
323
Mount Zion, Hill Street
66
102
63
231
88
190
35
313
544
Abbey Road ....
152
239
69
460
178
385
50
613
1,073
Total ....
356
521
294
1,171
563
1,020
183
1,766
2,937
Baptist Mission
Henry Street
38
43
12
31
19
62
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Paddington ChajDel, Maryle-
bone Road
Greville Place
St. John's Wood Terrace .
140
48
19
176
74
24
126
45
48
442
167
91
180
64
28
292
136
70
145
30
155
617
230
253
1,059
397
344
Total ....
207
274
219
700
272
498
330
1,100
1,800
Congregational Missions
North Street
Earl Street ....
3
3
2
2
72
84
77
89
"35
"60
"49
144
77
233
Total ....
6
4
156
166
35
60
49
144
310
PRESBYTERIAN" CHURCH
Marlborough Place
Upper George Street .
188
176
356
424
62
64
606
663
111
180
258
456
19
46
388
682
994
1,345
Total ....
363
780
126
1,269
291
714
65
1,070
2,339
UNITARIAN
CHURCH
Little Portland Street .
People's Hall, 46, Bell St. .
93
217
3
13
36
323
39
21
9
22
17
4
21
47
47
370
86
Total . . . .
93
220
49
362
30
39
25
94
456
WEST LONDON— MARYLEBONE
BRETHREN
99
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
FitzroyHall, Little Portland
Street ....
14
41
1
5G
12
20
5
37
93
Hyde Park Hall, Stourcliffe
Street ....
21
19
2
42
218
381
91
690
732
Nutford Place Hall .
28
75
5
108
31
73
12
116
224
Lisaon Grove Hall, 77,
Church Street .
3
7
1
11
5
12
10
27
38
Welbeck Hall, Marylebone
Lane
21
29
4
54
15
41
4
60
114
Portman Rooms, Baker St.
33
58
12
103
19
50
3
72
175
Union Hall, Carlisle Street.
8
9
4
21
14
43
17
74
95
Total ....
128
238
29
395
314
620
142
1,076
1,471
SALVATION ARMY
Charles Lane, High Street .
Gt. Western Hall, Burne St.
Gee's Court . . . .
Total . . . .
6
3
9
18
7
13
8
28
107
107
315
3
1
54
316
57
113
3
9
125
325
14
62
401
46
423
57
526
FOREIGN PROTESTANT
SERVICES
54, Great Titchfield Street
(German) ....
'
11
23
34
34
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Charles Borromeo, Upper
Ogle Street
113
294
149
556
31
57
25
113
669
Our Lady of the Rosary,
Marylebone Road
209
572
315
1,096
51
171
25
247
1,343
Church of the Annunciation
(French Chapel), Little
George Street .
50
170
23
243
26
85
6
117
360
St. James", Manchester Sq. .
.311
792
301
1,404
70
174
20
204
1,668
Ch. of Our Lady, Grove Rd.
205
502
332
1,039
95
209
91
395
1,434
Total ....
888
2,330
1,120
4,338
273
696
167
1,136
5,474
OTHER SERVICES
Ogle St. Mews Ragged Sch.
1
4
38
104
146
146
Polytechnic, Regent St.
1
354
455
89
898
898
Ethical Soc, Steinway Hall
86
166
... 1 252
252
Theosophical Society, 19,
j
Avenue Road .
1
6
16
2
24
24
Gray's Yard Ragged School
...
11
25
143
179
179
Gray's Yard Ragged Church
204
73
277
277
House of Rest, 10, Finchley
Road
4
31
35
35
Spiritualists, 51, Mortimer
Street ....
76
149
7
232
232
Medical Mission, 12, Bell St.
29
41
18
88
88
Shaftesbury Inst., Bell St. .
21
81
3
105
105
London City Mission, Town-
shend Cottages .
...
10
33
24
67
67
London City Mission, Duke
Street Hall
4
3
7
35
50
23
108
115
London City Mission, Little
Church Street .
16
64
14
94
94
Total ....
294
242
536
566
983
427
1,976
2,512
100
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Wen.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn. 1 Total.
Church of England
„ „ Missions
WesleyanMeth. Church
Primitive Meth. Church
Baptist Church .
„ Mission
Congregational Church.
„ Missions
Presbyterian Church ,
Unitarian Church .
Brethren
Salvation Army .
Foreign Prot. Services .
Pioman Catholic Church
Greek Church
Other Services
Jewish Church
2,116
37
178
31
356
3
207
6
363
93
128
113
888
17
294
1,388
5,824
90
244
35
521
2
274
4
780
220
238
3
2,330
6
242
763
2,608
862
209
45
294
38
219
156
126
49
29
9
1,120
624
10,548
989
631
111
1,171
43
700
166
1,269
362
395
125
4,338
23
536
2,775
1,935
182
188
26
563
12
272
35
291
30
314
325
11
273
566
5,067
399
407
55
1,020
31
498
60
714
39
620
14
23
696
983
1,609
438
207
5
183
19
330
49
65
25
142
62
167
427
8,611
1,019
802
86
1,766
62
1,100
144
1,070
94
1,076
401
34
1,136
1,976
19,159
2,008
1,433
197
2,937
105
1,800
310
2,339
456
1,471
526
34
5,474
23
2,512
2,775
Grand Totals .
6,218
11,576
6,388
24,182
5,023
10,626
3,728
19,377
43,559
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MARYLEBONi:.
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1
Black
Blue = Evening
Black = AM ServIo«ft
R«d = Morning.
r
Borough of Paddington
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldin.
Total,
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
All Saints' ....
42
133
88
263
12
59
35
106
369
Christ Church, Harrow Ed.
31
93
124
248
41
110
120
271
519
Christ Ch., Lancaster Gate.
249
1,034
100
1,383
126
268
48
442
1,825
Emmanuel ....
29
43
121
193
25
70
42
137
330
Holy Trinity
104
304
41
449
67
154
44
265
714
St. Augustine's .
123
310
180
613
157
329
97
583
1,196
St. David's (Welsh Church)
15
18
2
35
52
64
6
122
157
St. James's ....
79
203
133
415
67
129
44
240
655
St. John the Evangelist's .
87
323
121
531
70
152
61
283
814
St. Jude's ....
54
75
114
243
78
152
131
361
604
St. Luke's .
41
114
44
199
50
87
37
174
373
St. Mary's, Paddington Gn.
42
105
44
191
55
78
69
202
393
St. Mary Magdalene's .
74
345
29
448
78
301
36
415
863
St. Matthew's
201
660
84
945
113
478
65
656
1,601
St. Michael and All Angels'
112
234
70
416
68
137
32
237
653
St. Paul's ....
30
67
140
237
48
127
46
221
458
St. Peter's ....
79
136
241
456
134
241
97
472
928
St. Saviour's
119
299
284
702
82
188
82
352
1,054
St. Stephen's
159
717
80
956
124
431
65
620
1,576
St. John's, Kensal Rise
33
34
84
151
70
102
100
272
423
St. Luke's, Fernhead Road.
25
30
100
155
56
110
38
204
359
St. Simon's ....
39
59
103
201
52
134
59
245
446
Total ....
1,767
5,336
2,327
9,430
1,625
3,901
1,354
6,880
16,310
Church of England Missions
Emmanuel ....
St. Martha's
St. Jude's Institute
St. Jude's Hall .
* 4
10
1
1
27
106
48
27
ill
59
8
20
17
2
16
55
35
2
26
79
14
90
50
154
66
94
77
154
177
153
Total ....
14
2
181
197
47
108
209
364
561
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Sutherland Avenue
Trinity Ch., Fernhead Rd. .
84
117
86
93
75
119
245
329
88
156
160
221
47
86
295
463
540
792
Total ....
201
179
194
574
244
381
133
758
1,332
UNITED METHODIST EREE CHURCH
Queen's Road
29
57
24
110
35
79
23
137
247
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Harrow Road
Kilburn Lane
27
33
20
24
90
140
137
197
31
49
33
99
27
71
91
219
228
416
Total ....
60
44
230
334
80
132
98
310
644
101
102
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
BAPTIST CHURCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for tbe
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Beulah
Praed Street
St. Peter'8 Park .
Westbourne Park
Westbourne Grove
14
29
13
300
58
18
52
8
503
124
1
20
17
107
46
33
101
38
910
228
18
37
18
640
80
22
75
31
606
228
6
17
11
57
36
46
129
60
1,303
344
79
230
98
2,213
572
Total ....
414
705
191
1,310
793
962
127
1,882
3,192
Norman Hall, Harrow Road
Baptist Mission
17
126
149
39
11
57
206
CONGREQATIONAL CHURCH
Craven Hill .... i 26
Queen's Park, Harrow Koad i 179
44
193
42
175
112
547
34
394
53
701
18
132
105
1,227
! 217
! 1,774
Total , . . .205
237
217
659
428
754
150
1,332
1,991
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
St. Paul's, Westbourne Gr.
Welsh, Shirland Road .
38
28
107
34
23 168
8 70
35
79
75
104
6
15
116
198
284
268
Total ....
66
141
31 238
114
179
21
314
552
CA
THOLIC APOSTOLIC
CHU3
ICH
Maida Hill West .
82 139
24 245
103
125
16
244
489
GREEK CHURCH
St. Sophia's, Moscow Road. |
58 63 1 20 141
...
...
... 1
141
FOI
lEIGN PROTESTANT
SER\
riCES
French Reformed, Mon-
mouth Road
11
1
43 1 4 58
15
22
2
39
97
SALVATION ARMY
Barracks, Harrow Road
Lancefield Street .
30
8
32
7
33
18
95
33
71
14
105
25
89
35
265
74
360
107
Total ....
38
39
51
128
85
130
124
339
467
BRETHREN
New Providence Hall .
Hope Hall ....
17 12 14
21 16 9
43
46
16
20
25
33
8
57
49
110
92
156
Total ....
38 28 23
89
36
58
65
159
248
WEST LONDON— PADDIXGTON
103
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHUUCH
CHURCH.
MORXIKG.
i
E VEX INC.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
TotaL
for the
Day.
Church of Our Lady of
Lourdes and St. Vincent
dePaul . . . .
St. ilary of the Angels
Schools : Cirencester Street
77
261
21
168
887
46
95
204
22
340 i
1,352 i
89
8
41
30
123
59
29
97
193
437
1,545
89
Total ....
359
1,101
321
1,781
49
153
88
290
2,071
OTHER SERVICES
London City Mission, Boat-
men's Institute, Junction
Mews ....
14
21
17
52
52
Hall Park . . . .
21
21
42
42
London City Mission, Am-
berlev Road
12
51
7
70
70
Brook Mews, North .
16
24
26
66
66
Mission Room, 15a, Cam-
bridge Place
22
32
20
74
74
Paddington Hall, Church St.
10
45
13
68
68
Paddington Wharves Miss.
12
26
5
43
43
Railway Miss., Kensal Rd.
14
17
14
45
45
West London Open Air,
Kensal Road
10
6
1
17
6
27
38
55
Y.W.C.A., Porchester Rd.
20
20
20
Queen's Park Tabernacle .
8
8
59
75
33
43
91
167
242
Ranelagh Hall
39
89
52
180
180
Total ....
18
14
60
92
199
416
250
865
957
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMIMATIOX.
MORNING.
Churcli of England
„ „ Missions
AVesleyan Meth. Church
U. Meth. Free Church .
Primitive Meth. Church
Baptist Church
„ Mission
Congregational Church
Presbyterian Church .
Brethren
Cath. Apostolic Church
Foreign Prot. Services .
Salvation Army .
Greek Church
Roman Catholic Church
Other Services
Je^^•ish Church
Grand Totals .
Men. Women. CMdm. Total.
,767
14
201
29
60
414
6
205
66
38
82
11
38
58
359
18
873
5,336
2
179
57
44
705
17
237
141
28
139
43
39
63
1,101
14
691
2,327
181
194
24
230
191
126
217
31
23
24
4
51
20
321
60
262
4,239 8,836 4,286
Men. Women.! Chldm. TotaL
9,430
197
574
110
334
1,310
149
659
238
89
245
58
128
141
1,781
92
1,826
„ I
1,625
47
244
35
80
793
7
428
114
36
103
15
85
49
199
17,361 13,860
3,901
108
381
79
132
962
39
754
179
58
125
22
130
153
416
7,439 2,671
1,354
209
133
23
98
127
11
150
21
65
16
2
124
250
6,880
364
758
137
310
1,882
57
1,332
314
159
244
39
339
290
865
13,970
Total
for the
day.
16,310
561
1,332
247
644
3,192
206
1,991
552
248
489
97
467
141
2,071
957
1,826
31,331
h
2 Population Roman Catholic ^ Other Services
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Blue - Evening
Population
All Churches
Church of England
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
Black = All Services
Red ^ Morning
City of Westminster
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
Abbey of St. Peter, Broad
Sanctuary .
Chapel Royal, Savoy .
Guards' Chapel, Wellington
Barracks ....
Guards' Chapel, Chelsea Bks
All Saints', EnnismoreGdns,
Holy Trinity, Knightsbridge
St. Peter's, Eaton Square
St. Michael's, Chester Sq.
St. Barnabas', Pimlico
St. Martin-in-the-Fields
St. Mary-le-Strand
St. Clement Danes, Strand
St. Paul's, Covent Garden
St. John the Evangelist's.
Drury Lane
St. Mary the Virgin's, Char
ing Cross Road .
St. Michael's, Burleigh St.
St. Peter's, Gt. Windmill St
St. Philip's, Buckingham
Palace Road
St. Saviour's, Oxford Street
Chapel of the Holy Name,
Grosvenor Road
St. James', Piccadilly .
St. Philip's, Regent Street
St. Margaret's, Broad Sanct,
St. John the Evangelist's,
Smith's Square .
St. Peter's Chapel, Palace St,
St. Saviour's, St. George"
Square
St. Anne's, Soho .
St. Mark's, N. Audley St.
Grosvenor Chapel, South
Audley Street .
St. John the Baptist's, Great
Marlborough Street ,
St. George's, Hanover Sq.
Holy Trinity, Vauxhall Bdg
All Saints', Grosvenor Rd
St. Stephen's, Rochester Row
Belgrave Chpl., Belgrave Sq
Christ Church, Down St.
Christ Church, Victoria St
St. Andrew's, Ashley Place
St. Anselm's, Oxford Street
St. Gabriel's, Warwick Sq
St. George's, Albemarle St
St. James the Less', More
ton Street .
St. John the Baptist's, Pim
lico Road .
St. John the Evangelist's.
Wilton Road .
St. Luke's, Soho .
St. Mary's, Berkeley Square
St. Mary's, Vincent Square
St. Mary the Virgin's, Pim
lico ....
St. Mathew's, Gt. Peter St,
Berkeley Chpl., Berkeley Sq
St. Paul's, Knightsbridge
St. Thomas', Regent Street
MORNING.
Men. Women. Chldrn. Total
Total
285
42
362
437
89
494
181
185
94
90
17
35
22
16
15
47
16
18
6
4
141
25
174
154
31
117
113
53
22
21
75
56
49
66
24
79
34
69
63
88
79
45
43
103
15
25
42
30
92
24
157
55
. 4,619
18
10
21
201
16
311
391
54
275
208
138
62
36
162
44
28
84
61
171
41
146
134
254
190
80
85
314
10
66
53
116
253
29
424
134
7,416
361
95
39
24
122
44
11
24
236
79
297
24
552
76
616
121
278
102
129
69
15
11
29
50
26
26
15
64
14
25
36
31
20
67
23
181
97
18
57
130
381
66
45
81
12
42
22
126
150
290
3
64
79
120
187
193
27
86
176
55
27
83
138
74
230
11
129
67
4,402
105
741
105
528
472
404
815
809
922
474
288
43
114
74
95
54
114
103
59
16
206
439
59
542
675
466
458
366
272
96
99
259
226
227
440
88
314
154
335
384
535
296
211
304
472
52
174
233
220
575
64
710
256
16,437
EVENING.
Men. Women. Chldrn. Total
222
9
20
4
27
68
174
116
63
147
31
51
32
13
31
76
43
30
68
167
9
265
160
48
75
158
37
18
24
68
42
94
75
14
41
29
44
46
76
8
29
41
59
16 1
33
24
45
12
75
33
824
12
41
10
56
213
263
280
173
223
31
106
64
29
38
72
51
39
51
17
275
13
455
382
71
241
302
59
38
65
116
60
112
149
39
73
62
96
76
218
14
83
155
205
26
56
84
94
186
4
210
90
3,099 6,702
35
103
12
56
85
63
84
66
46
13
42
22
46
74
103
"40
31
47
38
63
50
50
54
4
23
63
20
103
10
65
32
2,316
Total
for the
Day.
1,141
36
112
23
126
303
509
471
279
448
81
200
112
109
186
129
116
126
54
545
34
776
627
182
400
526
142
69
131
206
148
280
327
53
154
122
187
160
357
22
162
246
318
37
95
180
138
334
26
350
155
1,882
141
640
495
530
1,118
1,318
1.393
753
736
12 i
314
186
162
163
300
232
175
142
260
984
93
1,318
1,302
648
858
892
414
165
230
465
374
507
767
141
468
276
522
544
892
318
373
550
790
89
269
413
358
909
90
1,060
411
106
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Church of England Missions
MORNfKG.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
St. Margaret's, New TothiU
Street ....
2
3
55
60
60
St. Margaret's, Lewisham
1
Street ....
2
16
13
31
31
Inns of Court, Drurv Lane .
10
5
7
2?!
22
St. Clement Danes, Clare
Market ....
...
1
11
2
14
14
Bedfordbury Miss. Church
11
7
121
139
6
16
17
39
178
Mission of the Good Shep-
herd, Victoria Street
4
31
74
109
33
57
41
131
240
St. Stephen's, Rochester
Row
27
31
58 j
58
St. John the Evangelist's,
1
Horseferry Road
47
28
16
91
91
St. John the EvangeUat's,
Earl Street
...
2
16
8
26 !
26
St. John the Evangelist's
Institute ....
2
13
15
15
St. Paul's Institute, Floral
Street ....
18
18
18
St. (Jabriel's Hall, Pimlico
76
135
151
362
362
St. Anne's Schools, Dean St.
2
2
82
86
86
Total ....
19
43
332
394
179
329
299
807
1,201
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Horseferry Road .
32
45
68 '
145
43
80
67
190
335
Craven, Regent Street
3
1
23 1
27
53
132
58
243
270
St. James's HaU, Piccadilly
344
543
40
927
800
1,495
111
2,406
3,333
Claverton Street, Pimlico .
45
30
47 1
122
56
85
33
174
296
Conference HaU, Pimlico .
75
4
10 1
89
89
Gothic Hall, Thomas Street
10
13
23
24
46
5
75
98
Total ....
509
636
188
1,333
976
1,838
274
3,088
4,421
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Victoria,"VauxhallBdge. Rd.
Westmoreland St., Pimlico
13
29
11
40
8
93
32
162
20
54
30
146
24
57
74
257
{ 106
419
Total ....
42
51
101
194
74
176
81
331
525
BAPTIST CHURCH
Romney Street
Carmel, Pimlico Road .
25
9
35
22
78
17
138
48
50
16
71
33
27
7
148
56
28»)
104
Total ....
34
57
95
186
66
104
34
204
390
Saptist Missions
Bloomsbury Chapel Mission,
Soho
Miss. Room, Winchester St.
Total . . . .
.
47
103
107
257
3
3
6 1
5
7
12
3
3
6 1
52
110
107
269 1
WEST LONDON— WESTMINSTER
107
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
CHURCH.
Men.
TVomen.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
King's Weigh House, Gros-
1
venor Square .
118
1 205
35
358
229
219
10
458
816
Westminster, Buckingham
1
Gate
41
70
115
226
66
138
27
231
1 457
Eccleston, Eccleston Square
61
111
75
247
99
183
28
310
557
Orange Street, Leicester Sq.
9
13
12
34
16
34
16
66
! 100
St. Leonard's St., Pimlico .
(
10
22
20
26
82
128
J 150
Total ....
234
1 406
247
887
I 430
600
163
1,193
2,080
Congregational Mission
Bessboro' Mission, Ores- I
venor Road
18
45
23
86
86
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Cro\^-n Court, Drury Lane .
Belgrave . . . .
Welsh, Charing Cross Road
Total . . . .
46
40
27
113
90
69
7
166
40
103
36
179
36
81
24
141
67
49
21
137
216
224
46
486
153
192
84
429
342
374
77
793
279
320
623
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS
Meeting House, St. Mar-
tin's Lane
105
41
52
198
70 : 268
BRETHREN
Ebury Rooms, Ebury Street
Pimlico Rooms, Winchester
Street ....
11
10
36
13
4
6
51
29
1 14
24
4
42
! 93
29
Total ....
21
49 10
80
14
24
4
42
122
SALVATION ARMY
Regent Hall, Oxford Street
Regency St., Westminster .
114
34
97
13
42
38
253 ' 573
85 j: 40
693
73
201 1.467
52 165
1,720
250
Total ....
148
110
80
338 : 613
766
253 1 1,632
1,970
CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC CHURCH
Victoria St.
15
10
52
28
15
50
102
FOREIGN PROTESTANT SERVICES
German Lutheran, Eccles-
:
ton Street ....
10
14
9
33 ;
33
French Protestant, Soho Sq.
47
17
o
66 ,
34
29
63
129
Italian, Frith Street .
9
5
2
16
16
Maison des Etraugers, Frith
■
Street ....
40
14
3
57
57
Mission Fran5aise, Soho
...
30
21
51
51
Total ....
57
31
11
99 j
113
69
5
187
286
108
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING. 1 Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Farm Street, Mount Street
Notre Dame de France, Lei-
cester Square .
Corpus Christi, Strand
St. Patrick's, Soho Square .
Assumption (Chapel of Royal
Bavarian Embassy), Re-
gent Street
St. IMary's, Horseferry Rd,
St. Peter and St. Edward's,
Palace Street .
Cathedral Chapter House,
Ashley Place .
303
190
143
371
205
171
214
64
617
389
219
486
301
408
340
80
128
263
134
272
159
269
163
21
1,048
842
496
1,129
665
848
717
165
144
61
25
105
39
70
63
290
164
36
133
66
143
126
59
59
8
8-1
36
39
45
_
493
284
69
322
141
252
234
1,541
1,126
565
1,451
806
1,100
951
165
Total . . - .
1,661
2,840
1,409
5,910
507
958
330
1,795
7,705
OTHER SERVICES
Pimlico Rooms, Ebury Street
Exeter Hall, Y.M.C.A.,
Strand ....
Pear St. , Strutton Ground .
One Tun, Old Pye Street .
Conference Hall, Eccleston
Street ....
London City Mission, Chad-
wick Street
London City Mission, Ebury
Street ....
The Theistic Church .
"2
60
...
69
■59
"3
61 i
■■
1
1
132
20
31
21
17
8
15
12
54
37
57
17
12
19
38
35
31
"37
49
5
49
3
88
31
115
83
25
34
99
92
88
31
176
83
25
34
99
224
Total ....
62
69
62 193
178
215
174
567
760
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for tha
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Church of England
4,619
7,416
4,402
16,437
3,099
6,702
2,316
12,117
28,554
„ „ Mis.sions
19
43
332
394
179
329
299
807
1,201
Wesleyan Meth. Church
509
636
188
1,333
976
1,838
274
3,088
4,421
U. Meth. Free Church .
42
51
101
194
74
176
81
331
525
Baptist Church
34
57
95
186
66
104
34
204
390
„ Missions .
.3
3
6
52
110
107
269
, 275
Congregational Church.
234
406
247
887
430
600
163
1,193
2,080
„ Mission
...
...
18
45
23
86
86
Presbyterian Church .
153
192
84
429
342
374
77
793
1,222
Society of Friends
105
41
52
198
27
37
6
70
268
Brethren
21
49
10
80
14
24
4
42
122
(Salvation Army .
148
110
80
338
613
766
253
1,632
1 1,970
Cath. Apostolic Church
27
15
10
52
28
15
7
50
102
Foreign Prot. Services .
57
31
11
99
113
69
5
187
286
Jloman Catholic Church
1,661
2,840
1,409
5,910
! 507
958
330
1,795
7,705
Other Services
62
69
62
193
! 178
215
174
567
760
Jewish Church
301
86
312
699
...
...
...
699
Grand Totals .
7,995
12,045
7,395
27,435
6,716
12,362
4,153
23,231
50,666
s
a
o
IX,
O
c
0]
u
bo
ta
■|
2
H
g
1
1
1
O
c
o
1
u
25
oi
O
Cent.
I R I I I
\^^
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
DIAGRAM
SKe-witi^ Attendance.
WESTMINSTER.
Popul Roman Catholic
Other Services
Slue :- tveninf*
Total
'or the
Day.
1,23G
234
415
1,921
81
704
879
417
63;;
700
340
298
674
569
933
1,042
793
685
417
3,900
1,248
423
280
1,699
660
827
1,174
880
811
24,873
78
38
69
41
80
307
189
41
16
859
72
802
395
261
82
1,612
101
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
Black = AM Servii
&tue ^ evoninf.
Borough of Kensington
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
Men. Women. Chldm. Total
All Saints', Talbot Road .
Christ Church, Talford Rd.
Christ Church, Victoria Rd.
Holy Trinity, Brompton
St. Andrew's and St. Philips'
St. Augustine's, Queen's Gate
St. Barnabas'
St. Clement's
St. Columba's
St. Cuthbert's
St. George's .
St. Helen's .
St. James's .
St. John's
St. John the Baptist .
St. Jude's .
St. Luke's .
St. Mark's .
St. Mary The Bolton's
St. Mary Abbott's
St. Matthias'
St. IVIichael and All Angels'
St. Thomas' ...
St. Paul's, Onslow Square
St. Paul's, Vicarage Gate
St. Peter's, Kensington Park
St. Peter's, Cranley Gdns.
St. Philip's, Earl's Court Rd
St. Stephen's
Total .
101
33
61
160
8
76
132
40
55
82
43
44
94
78
131
172
108
73
54
468
154
55
50
234
92
157
170
87
87
3,099
429
26
234
880
4
174
358
36
179
264
96
93
228
205
233
459
256
136
161
1,319
427
92
15
584
298
286
560
340
375
8,747
200
54
30
560
13
68
57
44
40
109
36
30
51
92
239
105
41
176
52
352
209
47
32
56
39
55
81
141
78
730
113
325
1,600
25
318
547
120
274
455
175
167
373
375
603
736
405
.385
267
2,139
790
194
97
874
429
498
811
568
540
EVENING.
Men. Women. Chldrn. Total
97
42
13
73
13
64
70
64
57
71
39
34
62
51
90
67
103
94
38
272
108
57
61
328
48
76
63
43
65
374
45
58
195
30
286
221
139
249
126
71
61
163
110
164
206
219
157
74
1,013
314
127
77
464
137
186
230
178
156
3,087 14,933 I 2,263 5,830
35
34
19
53
13
36
41
94
53
48
55
36
76
33
76
33
66
49
38
476
36
45
45
33
46
67
70
91
50
506
121
90
321
56
386
332
297
359
245
165
131
301
194
330
306
388
300
150
1,761
458
229
183
825
231
329
363
312
271
Total
for the
Day.
1,847 9,940
1,236
234
415
1,921
81
704
879
417
633
700
340
298
674
569
933
1,042
793
685
417
3,900
1,248
423
280
1,699
660
827
1,174
880
811
24,873
Rugby Boys' Club
St. Barnabas'
St. Clement's
St. James' .
St. John's .
St. Luke's
St. Martin's .
St. Mary Abbott's
St. Matthias'
Total .
Church of England Missions
19
29
33
185
56
274
37
197
88
322
35
5
17
7
13
26
25
138
25
28
16
19
44
35
24
12
203
43
8
24
18
11
40
41
9
2
196
78
38
69
41
43
110
101
41
16
537
78
38
69
41
80
307
189
41
16
859
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Clarence Place
12
19
4
35
14
20
3
37
1 ^2
Denbigh Road
107
127
99
333
160
258
51
469
802
Lancaster Road .
70
55
40
165
73
118
39
230
; .395
Warwick Gardens
41
50
26
117
42
85
17
144
261
Kensal Road
9
3
29
41
10
18
13
41
82
Total ....
239
254
198
691
299
499
123
921
1,612
Fowell Street
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
16
20
109
39
28
19
15
62
101
110
THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON.
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Totel
for the
Day.
Men. Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Middle Row, Kensal Road .
4 5
94
103
103
BAPTIST CHURCH
J'ethesda, Kensington Place
10
13
38
61
23
75
27
125
186
Grove Chapel, Drayton Gds.
25
39
10
74
28
58
5
91
165
Lad broke Grove .
46
52
50
148
68
112
53
233
381
Onslow Chapel
49
122
74
245
46
140
26
212
457
Talbot Tabernacle
100
159
64
323
88
241
76
405
728
Bosworth Road .
2
3
46
51
21
37
57
115
166
Talbot Hall, Portobello Rd.
4
9
88
101
15
25
19
59
160
Total ....
236
397
370
1,003
289
688
263
1,240
2,243
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Horbury ....
Kensington Chapel
Netting Dale
Golborne Road .
39
201
6
24
63
332
6
24
43
105
4
21
145
638
16
69
45
234
18
44
87
432
42
77
25
26
32
62
157
692
92
183
302
1,330
108
252
Total ....
270
425
173
868
341
638
145
1,124
1,992
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
St. John's, Allen Street . .
Emperor's Gate .
Trinity, Kensington Pk. Rd.
Total . . . ,
44
105
45
194
35
56
26
117
23
71
35
129
17
63
5
85
64
91
20
175 1
57
112
11
180
131
267
100
498
109
231
42
382
311
214
355
880
Presbyterian
Missions
188, Kensington Park Road
161, Clarendon Road .
2
1
18
21
7
"17
"ie
"40
21
40
Total ....
2
1
18
21
7
17
16
40
61
UNITARIAN CHURCH
Essex Church
24
41
117
36
40
18 94
211
a
AliVy
LTIO]S
r ARMY
Queen's Road
Portobello Road .
184a, Kensington Park Rd.
31
28
24
22
19
37
74
87
49
65
8
29
85
14
29
32
117
107
182
139
181
269
139
Total ....
59
46
56
161
122
128
178
428
589
NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH
The Mall
21
29
51
37
40
79
130
BRETHREN
Hornton Street .
29
53
8
90 1
73
247
27
347
437
Portobello Rooms
13
14
3
30 i
12
17
9
38
68
Park Hall, Kensal Road .
28
43
21
92
18
35
13
66
158
Clarendon Rooms
18
22
1
41 :
16
18
6
40
81
St. Ervan's Road.
4
4
1
9
4
6
10
19
Total ....
92
136
34
262
123
323
55
501
763
WEST LONDON— KENSINGTON
DISCIPLES OF CHRIST
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
111
CHURCH.
MORNIXG.
EVENING.
Tot^il
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
ToUl.
Men.
Women. Chldrn.
Total.
West London Tabernacle .
32
64
27
123
52
129 27
208
331
Our Lady of the Holy Souls
152
244
343
739
47
60
82
189
928
,, ,, „ Seven
Dolours ....
227
664
247
1,138
85
197
63
345
1,483
Our Lady of Victories (Pro-
Cathedral)
237
701
113
1,051
45
124
10
179
1,230
St. Francis of Assisi, Pot-
tery Lane.
261
338
342
941
46
103
53
202
1,143
Brompton Oratory
267
1,105
292
1,664
157
455
34
646
2,310
Our Lady of Mount Carmel
276
807
106
1,189
66
211
22
299
1,488
Total ....
1,420
3,859
1,443
6,722
446
1,150
264
1,860
8,582
OTHER SERVICES
Gospel Hall, Kensal Road .
London City Miss., Edge St.
,, ,, ,, Apple-
ford Road ....
Spiritualists, 61, Blenheim
Crescent ....
London City Miss., Jubilee
Hall
Ethical Society, Kensington
Town Hall
6
1
2
63
24
75
4
63
16
8
34
64
18
146
13
3
5
4
10
53
27
6
4
18
29
6
11
15
95
36
22
8
43
129
36
86
8
61
146
Total ....
72
99
91
262
35
108
61
204
466
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
3,099
8,747
3,087
14,933
2,263
5,830
1,847
9,940
24,873
„ „ Missions
19
29
274
322
138
203
196
537
859
Wesleyan jMeth. Church
239
254
198
691
299
499
123
921
1,612
Primitive Meth. Church
16
3
20
39
28
19
15
62
101
U. jyieth. Free Church .
4
5
94
103
103
Baptist Church .
236
397
370
1,003
289
688
263
1,240
2,243
Congregational Church
270
425
173
868
341
638
145
1,124
1,992
Presbyterian Church .
131
267
100
498
109
231
42
382
880
„ Missions .
2
1
18
21
7
17
16
40
61
Unitarian Church
24
41
52
117
36
40
18
94
211
Salvation Army .
59
46
56
161
122
128
178
428
589
New Jerusalem Church
21
29
1
51
37
40
2
79
130
Brethren
92
136
34
262
123
323
55
501
763
Disciples of Christ
32
64
27
123
52
129
27
208
331
Roman Catholic Church
1,420
3,859
1,443
6,722
446
1,150
264
1,860
8,582
Other Services
72
99
91
262
35
108
61
204
466
Jewish Church
224
37
96
357
...
357
Grand Totals .
5,960
14,439
6,134
26,533
4,325
10,043
3,252
17,620
44,153
other Services
Blue =^ Evening
Population
All Churches
Church of England
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
3 g § 1
^ s 5 S
<
H
1 1
U H 1 S g
< c £ < c g 1
«cE2«c|3-
= i ^
-J--1 -H
ipii
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iWW
T-""="|?-'4H= DIAGRAM "="
so 4— ^^— ^
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j -i^^±^=-t-
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van
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r
BorouQ:li of Chelsea
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
Men.
■Women.
Chldm.
TotaL
Men.
"Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
St. Luke's, Sidney Street .
142
391
105
638
1 121
316
81
518
1,156
Old Chelsea Church, Chevne
1
Walk
32
74
191
297
37
93
248
378
675
Park Chapel, Park Walk .
41
112
43
196
45
123
33
201
397
Holv Trinitv, Sloane Street
349
991
103
1,443
217
530
61
808
2,251
St. Jude's. Turk's Row
33
132
51
216
i 26
81
38
145 :
361
Chapel, Duke of York's
Schools ....
35
11
362
408
16
9
360
385
793
Royal Hospital Chapel
161
37
27
225
24
4
14
42
267
St. Saviour's, ^^ alton St. .
79
230
120
429
57
93
76
226
655
St. Simon's, Moore Street .
37
87
42
166
19
49
26
94
260
Christ Ch., Christchurch St.
39
117
101
257
61
126
106
293
550
St. John's, Tadema Road .
65
125
114
304
74
196
110
380
684
St. Mark's College Chajiel .
109
35
36
180
100
48
37
185
365
Total ....
1,122
2,342
1,295
4,759
797
1,668
1,190
3,655
8,414
Church of England Missions
St. Peter's :Miss., Britten St.
1
6
138
145
15
68
95
178
323
Oakley ^Mission, Manor St.
o
4
52
59
1 ^0
81
34
125
184
St. Luke's Hall, Onslow
DweUincrs ....
...
10
42
39
91
91
Ch. Armv. ^Marlborough Rd.
6
3
33
42
12
26
13
51
93
St. John's Hall. Dartrev Rd.
4
6
173
183
47
83
249
379
562
Clock House Schools .
5
1
50
56
1 -
56
Total ....
19
20
446
48.5
! 94
300
430
824
' 1,309
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Chelsea Church, Town Hall
Justice Walk
4ti
5'.)
26 '
25 1
131 1:
30^
59 ,
5
75 1
8 .
31 !
9 ,
1
165 !l
22 1'
296
52
Total ....
481
62 j
51 '■
161 i'
64 1
83 1
40 j
187 II
348
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Wesley Chapel, CoUege PI.
Marlborough Square .
9
6
1
10
6
16
16
32
13 .
11 j
1" i
20 1
11
23
41
54
57
86
Total ....
15
11
22
48 ;|
24
37 :
34
95 i
143
BAPTIST CHURCH
Chelsea Chapel .
59 152 26
164 351 ! 183 6;>S i 935
113
114
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Markham Square.
Welsh Chapel, Radnor 8t. .
Edith Grove
21
39
143
22
41
74
16
47
307
59
127
159
36
74
277
59
113
65
29
61
501
124
248
808
183
375
Total ....
150
206
137
493
269
449
155
873
1,366
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
St. Columbas, Pont Street
123
248
46
417
41
113
21
175
592
BRETHREN
ManressaHall,TrafalgarSq. I 23 j ,31 I 19
25 33 29 87 160
CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC CHURCH
College Street
62 108
18 188
30
58
16 104
292
MORAVIAN CHURCH
Clock House Schools, King's
Road
27
34
34
SALVATION ARMY
Riley Street Hall .
Denyer Street Hall
9
13
9
13
29
8
47
34
8 ! 24 26
15 29 12
58
56
105
90
Total ....
22
22
37
81
23
53
38
114
195
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Convent Chapel, 28, Beau-
fort Street.
Holv Redeemer'.s, Upper
Cheyne Row
St. Mary's, Cadogan Street .
9
IOC)
198
35
280
636
44
102 488
203 1,037
1
2 25
19 89
36 112
69
40
27
177
188
71
665
1,225
Total ....
313
951
305 1 1,569
j 57 ' 226
109
392
1,961
OTHER SERVICES
Sydney Hall, Marlborough
i
Place
61
31
10
102
102
Christian Scientists, Sloane
Tf-rrace ....
90
219
• 33
342
60
145
6
211
553
Chelsea Children's Mission,
1
25, Church Street
1
8
23
106
137
137
London City Mission, Bed-
ford Hall ....
7
25
15
47
47
London City Mission, Lack-
land Hall ....
11
14
10
35
23
84
282
389
424
London City Mission,
Anne's Place
...
14
30
5
49
49
Total ....
101
233
43
377
173
338
424
935
1,312
WEST LONDON— CHELSEA
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
115
TiTTITCmVTT'M ATTHTC
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldin.
Total.
for the
Day.
Church of England
„ „ Missions
Wesleyan Meth. Church
U. Meth. Free Church .
Baptist Church
Congregational Church
Presbyterian Church .
Brethren
Cath. Apostolic Church
Moravian Church .
Salvation Army .
Roman Catholic Church
Other Services
1,122
19
48
15
59
150
123
23
62
*22
313
101
2,342
20
62
11
152
206
248
31
108
22
951
233
1,295
446
51
22
26
137
46
19
18
37
305
43
4,759
485
161
48
237
493
417
73
188
81
1,569
377
797
94
64
24
164
269
41
25
30
4
23
57
173
1,668
300
83
37
351
449
113
33
58
3
53
226
338
1,190
430
40
34
183
155
21
29
16
27
38
109
424
3,655
824
187
95
698
873
175
87
104
34
114
392
935
8,414
1,309
348
143
935
1,366
592
160
292
34
195
1,961
1,312
Grand Totals .
2,057
4,386
2,445
8,888
1,765
3,712
2,696
8,173
17,061
I
Population i^oman Catholic
Other Services
Biac
Blue = Evening.
Population
All Churches ^ Church of England
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
e s a
: = AM Services
Red = Morning-
r
Borough of Hammersmith
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
•Chldrn.
Total.
for the
Day.
St. Paul's, Queen Street
158
260
214
632
121
190
70
381
1,013
St. Peter's, Black Lion Lane
51
86
129
266 i
47
96
80
223
489
St. John the Evangelist's,
1
Glenthorne Road
59
87
128
274 I
78
175
44
297
571
St. Stephen's, Uxbridge Rd.
69
119
193
381 1
68
135
51
254
6a5
St. Mary's, Stamford Brook
i
Road
45
63
80
188
46
46
22
114
302
St. Matthew's, Sinclair Rd.
88
185
146
419 !
56
155
36
247
666
St. Simon's, Shepherd'sBush
102
145
51
298 '
94
160
45
299
597
St. Luke's, Uxbridge Road .
51
101
125
277 '
48
86
45
179
450
St. Saviour's, Cobbold Road
42
60
65
167
42
92
46
180
347
Holy Trinity, Latimer Road
23
20
76
119 '
29
61
39
129
248
St. Thomas', Godolphin Rd.
60
142
98
300
90
138
Gl
289
589
Holy Innocents', Paddens-
wick Road
81
158
109
348 '
77
141
49
267
615
St. Gabriel's, Latimer Road
18
19
60
97 ;
22
53
74
149
246
St. Mark's (Mission), Queen's
Road
4
2
92
98 [
15
23
28
66
164
St. Peter's Miss., Coll. Pk.
13
4
44
61
31
23
33
87
148
Total ....
864
1,451
1,610
3,925
864
1,574
723
3,161
7,086
Church of England Missions
St. Mary's, Shepherd's Bush
St. Saviour's, Cobbold Road
St. Matthew's, Milsom Road
St. Stephen's, Ellerslie Rd.
Total ....
3
1
69
73
9
16
8
.33
1
2
95
98
1
4
2
95
14
100
16
(
10
17
40
5
9
273
287
16
32
25
73
106
98
140
16
360
WESIiEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Rivereourt, King St. West .
Shepherd's Bush Road
McArthur Memorial, Askew
Road
52
111
93
55
123
86
89
80
208
196
314
.387
74
95
122
69
125
152
31
36
62
174
256
336
370
570
723
Total ....
256
264
377
897
291
346
129
766
1,663
Wesleyan Methodist Mission
BlytheRd., Shepherd's Bush
10 25 42 42
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Dalling Road
31 I 13 79 123 I 37 47 16 100 223
WELSH CALVINISTIC METHODIST CHURCH
Southerton Road .
19 12
31
31 32
117
64 I 95
118
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
BAPTIST CHURCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
West End, King St. West .
Ill
99
81
291
115
152
48
315
606
Avenue Rd., Goldhawk Kd.
87
98
114
299
83
146
70
299
598
Shepherd's Bush Taber-
nacle ....
36
43
46
125
62
106
34
202
327
Ux bridge Road Tabernacle .
3D
40
71
150
44
93
56
193
343
Strict BaptistMeetingRoom,
Manor Ter., College Park
13
18
13
44 !
14
16
5
35
79
South Street Mission .
8
20
12
40
40
Christ Church, Blythe Road
12
21
97
i30 t
14
24
27
65
195
Total ....
298
319
422
1,039 !
340
557
252
1,149
2,188
COlSrGREGATIOIQ'AL CHURCH
Oaklands, Uxbridge Road .
The Broadway
Albion, Dalling Road .
People's Mission, Olaf St.
Total . . , .
85
108
127
320
99
133
54
286
36
31
34
101
57
58
76
191
55
67
86
208
57
77
37
171
2
37
39
37
54
67
158
178
206
284
668
250
322
234
806
606
292
379
197
1,474
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
St. Andrew's, Shepherd'.s
Bush
College Park, Harrow Road
76
55
93
36
53
76
222
167
82
72
105
58
33
45
220
175
442
342
Total ....
131
129
129
389
154
163
78
395
784
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS
Meeting House, Lower Mall I 12
16
24
BRETHREN"
Gospel Hall, Overstone Rd.
Park HaU, Uxbridge Road .
UnionCourt Hall, Broadway
Kenmont Hall, College Pk.
12
9
20
23
14
7
18
13
8
4
8
3
34
20
46
39
'I
21
14
14
9
13
11
9
11
3
8
36
24
37
33
70
44
83
72
Total ....
64
52
23
139
52
47
31
130
269
SAIiVATIO]S
r ARMY
Haydn Park Road, Shep-
herd's Bush
Waterloo Street .
5
47
6
27
25
.36
36
110
10
86
17
82
10
47
37
215
73
325
Total ....
52
33
61
146 96
99
57
252
398
ROMAN CATHO
Lie CHUR(
::;h
Holy Trinity, Brook Green .
St. Stephen's, Starch Green
359
129
634
203
412
145
1,405
477
76
15
146
45
87
12
309
72
1,714
549
Total ....
488
837
557
1,882
91
191
99
381
2,263
WEST LONDON— HAMMERSMITH
119
OTHER SERVICES
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
Church of England
„ „ Missions
Wesleyan Meth. Church
„ „ Mission
Primitive Meth. Church
Welsh Cal.Meth.Church
Baptist Church
Congregational Church
Presbyterian Church .
Society of Friends
►Salvation Army .
Brethren
Ptoman Catholic Church
Other Services
Jewish Church
Grand Totals
MORNING.
Men. Women. Chldrn. Total
864
5
256
31
19
298
178
131
12
52
64
488
21
127
1,451
9
264
13
12
319
206
129
3
33
52
837
14
78
1,610
273
377
79
422
284
129
1
61
23
557
113
83
. 2,546 3,420 4,012 9,978 2,365
3,925
287
897
123
31
1,039
668
389
16
146
139
1,882
148
288
EVENING.
Men. Women. Chldm. Total
864
1,574
16
32
291
346
7
10
37
47
31
32
340
557
250
322
154
163
5
2
96
99
52
47
91
191
131
183
723
25
129
25
16
1
252
234
78
1
57
31
99
122
3,161
73
766
42
100
64
1,149
806
395
8
252
130
381
436
Total
for the
Day.
3,605 I 1,793 i 7,763
17,741
3
s
M
u
9
a
o
J!
bfi
o
•S
Per
Cent
' Total
Total
Chur
Noni
Rom
LUU ! 1 1
1
\
\ . .
1 1
T ^
tl
-^_ 1 i^
. _ _ 1 .-_
-]--
-4- - - - — f —
on - , 1. ..-.„
.zL __::
JU *■ \T — T" — — — — — f—
-4 - .
-44 U H-- — --- —
1
-j-^:— zi-i 1 TA,
T Til
AGRAM
J_JJ
r ci_
Qn_::i - Shew
ing' Attendance. T
oV — X
\ HA.
MME-IvSMITH.
p.,
.-_-j»_
1
\ 1
1 1
I i_
/u — "^ — ~ — ~ — ---^ -._-. —
— P>
'
,
1
1
1
\
_+- *- f-
\
fin . r""'J7, ."'^ ,
1 1
~r" ,
1
i
1 1
\
T
i
dU Z~~ """'
,
4- -
1
\
- - _)-_|_ _
Al\ L—
1)
"1 - --f- -
I
\
\
\ ^
\
\
:{(\~-^ l-^ d X---
...i.L,__. ._ ... . 1
\
"
- . . I. . . -
^n i . +
1
^U — ^
1 "T~^ ~^"
[
1
■^^
- _f_ . . _.
s
" -p- "•""
- " it ■ " '''v^
^Sj
in_ — _____Z^
2y„_« V^
,^
=t 1- - "~ - - ^^«=»i
1
■^ *»
^ "^
"^
qI ' 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 HTl 1 M M 1 1 1 1
t -^-E"_ZII
Other Services
90
80
DIAGRAM
Shewing' Analysis of Attendance.
HAMMUKSMITH.
Blue = Evening
Total
'or the
Day.
771
651
932
398
69G
724
390
194
715
678
303
306
552
793
496
8,599
9
208
30
105
17
439
95
903
378
778
59
1,215
30
All Churches
Church of England
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
r\
Borough of Fulham
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
All Saints', Putney Bridge .
138
176
94
408
126
201
36
363 j
771
St. Alban's, INIargrav-ine Rd.
35
71
361
467
46
72
66
184 '
651
St. Andrew's, May Street .
132
336
53
521
84
267
60
411
932
St. Augustine's, Lillie Road
St. Clement's, Fulham
41
35
95
171
49
85
93
227
398
Palace Road .
65
57
33-1
456
70
108
62
240
696
St. Dionis', Parson's Green
94
105
180
379
105
149
91
345
724
St. Etheldreda's, Fulham
Palace Road
64
68
76
208
62
74
46
182
390
St. James', Walham Green
21
32
68
121
20
27
26
73
194
St. Mary's, Hammersmith
Road
115
221
98
434
66
142
73
281
715
St. Matthew's, Wandsworth
Bridge Road
48
56
148
252
91
133
202
426
678
St. Michael's, Town Mead
Road
15
1
103
125
21
i
150
178 i
303
St. Oswald's, Walham Gn. .
41
16
100
157
34
48
67
149
306
St. Peter's, Reporton Road
51
62
174
287
62
120
83
265 i
552
St. John's, Walham Green .
71
139
257
467
82
155
89
326
793
Christ Church, Wandsworth
Bridge Road
63
74
95
232
81
120
63
264
496
Total ....
994
1,455
2,236
4,685
999
1,708
1,207
3,914
8,599
Church of England Missions
St. Clement's, Fulham
Palace Road
2
,3
4
9
1 9
St. Andrew's, May Street .
7
5
196
208
208
St. Mary's Protestant Hall
4
12
14
30
30
Langford Hall, Broughton
Road
.>
4
56
63
3
15
24
42
105
Good Shepherd, Walham
Avenue ....
4
9
4
17
17
Parson's Green .
6
3
88
97
26
47
269
342
439
St. George's, Fane Street .
17
31
47
95
95
Total ....
16
12
340
368 1
56
117
362
535
903
WESIiEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Fulham Road, Walham Gn.
Fulham Road, Munster Pk.
German Chapel, Walham
Green ....
Total ....
64
129
57
128
74
202
195
459
67
131
75
147
41
41
183
319
378
778
14
8
2
24
17
15
3
35
59
207
193
278
678
215
237
85
537
1,215
Wesleyan Methodist Mission
Cassidy Rd., Walham Gn.
11
121
12
30
122
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OP LONDON
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
CHURCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
ClUdm.
Total.
for the
Day.
Ebenezer, North End Road
Walham Grove, Walham Gn.
9
34
3
21
10
52
22
107
14
43
12
38
7
32
33
113
55
220
Total ....
43
24
62
129
57
50
39
146
275
METHODIST NEW CONNEXION
Dawes Rd., Walham Green
Castletown Road .
271
50
Total . . . . 1 .321
120
100
220
1.36
76
212
527
226
753
167
53
165
86
220
251
55
376
150
526
Bethel, North End Road .
26
17
59
102
1 ^^
36
5
72
174
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Bayonne Road
Wandsworth Bridge Road .
9
32
10
19
25
76
44
127
12
1 38
24
43
22
32
58
113
102
240
Total ....
41
29 101 1 171
1 50
67
54
171
342
BAPTIST CHURCH
Dawes Road
Ebenezer, Lillie Road .
90
22
69
28
154 1 313
21 1 71
66
19
71
26
61
10
198
55
511
126
Total ....
112
97
175 384
85
97
71
253
637
Baptist Mission
Rosaline Road .
7
... 1 27 i 34
11
17
18
46 !
80
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
903
376
1,279
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Wel8h,EfBeRd.,WalhamGn.| 29
10
13
52
43
33
10
86
138
DISCIPLES OF CHRIST
Tasso Tabernacle, Grey-
hound Road
TwjTiholm House, Fulham
Cross ....
Munster Park Chapel .
19
60
12
13 46 78
71 .57 188
12 j 7 31
46
.39
14
71 , 53
66 1 43
24 25
170
148 1
63 i
248
3.36
94
Total ....
91
96
110 1 297
99
161 121
381 1
678
BRETHREN
Gospel Hall, High Street .
North End Gospel Hall . .
Hall, 733, Fulham Road .
575, Fulham Road
12
25
24
9
8
21
20
14
4 24
11 ■ .57
44
8 31
6
27
25
11
4
25
18
17
8
10
"14
18 1 42
62 ! 119
43 1 87
42 1 73
Total ....
70
63
23 156
69
64
32
165 ll 321
WEST LOm)OX— FULHAM
SALVATION ARMY
123
CHURCH.
MORNING. 1
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total. 1
i
Men.
Women. | Chldm.
Total.
Dawes Road, Fulham Cross
Biillow Road
35
18
29
4
64
70
128
92
57
31
89
30
89
45
235
106
363
198
Total ....
53
33
134
220
88
119
134
341
561
ROMAW CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Thomas', Rylston Road
Holy Cross, Asliington Rd.
201
137
481
243
523
185
1,205
5G5
40
25
167
48
209
51
416
124
1,621
689
Total ....
338
724
708
1,770
1 65
215
260
540
2,310
OTHER SERVICES
London City Mission, Eel-
brook Hall
4
18
13
35
35
London Citv Mission, St.
Oswald's Road .
18
30
33
81
81
London City Mission, Corn-
wall Street
4
1
48
53
J
22
27
56
109
London City Mission, Est-
court Street
15
33
21
69
69
London Citv iMiss., Ismalia
Road
11
18
22
51
51
London City !Miss., Barclay
Hall, Effie Road
9
12
5
26
26
Y.M.C.A., "Fairlawn,"
Fulham Road .
21
7
3
31
31
Railway Mis.s., Lillie Road
22
16
78
116
65
87
23
175
291
Colvey Hall (Spiritualists) .
28
39
6
73
73
Total ....
26
1-
126
169
1 178
266
153
.597
766
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
Churcli of England
994
1,455
2,236
4,685
999
1,708
1,207
.3,914
8,599
„ „ Mission.s
16
12
340
368
56
117
362
535
903
Wesleyan Meth. Church
207
193
278
678
215
237
85
537
1,215
„ „ Missions
...
• •■
t
11
12
30
30
U. Meth. Free Church .
43
24
62
129
57
50
39
146 ;
275
Meth. New Connexion .
26
17
59
102
31
36
5
72
174
Primitive Meth. Church
41
29
101
171
50
67
54
171
342
Baptist Church .
112
97
175
384
85
97
71
253
637
„ Mission
i
27
34
11
17
18
46
80
Congregational Church.
321
220
212
753
220
251
55
526
1,279
Presbyterian Church .
29
10
13
52
43
33
10
86
138
Disciples of Christ
91
96
110
297
99
161
121
381
678
Brethren
70
63
23
156
69
64
32
165
321
Salvation Army .
53
33
134
220
88
119
134
341
561
Roman Catholic Church
338
724
708
1,770
65
215
260
540
2,310
Other Services
26
17
126
169
178
266
153
597
766
Grand Totals .
2,374
2,990
4,604
9,968
2,273
3,449
2,618
8,340
18,308
27 nmyzu
Populatio) Roman Catholic
Other Services
Blue = Evening.
31
p
Population
All Churches
Church of England
Nonconlormist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
Black = All Services
Blue = Evening
City of London
CHURCH OP ENGLAND
/-itJTTRr'p"
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
OllUKUH.
for the
Men.
ft'omen.
Dhldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Cathedral Church of St. Paul
475
465
72
1,012
689
560
76
1,325
2,337
All Hallows' Barking .
28
24
36
88
29
37
35
101
189
All Hallows', London Wall
8
6
19
33
5
5
14
24
57
All Hallows', Lombard St. .
15
11
13
39
24
28
15
67
106
Christ Church, Newgate St.
18
16
17
51
16
17
25
58
109
Holy Trinity, Gough Sq. .
24
35
35
94
31
52
18
101
195
St. Alban's, Wood Street .
6
1
6
13
10
5
8
23
36
St. Alphege, London Wall .
9
7
21
37
9
8
20
37
74
St. Andrew's, Holborn
52
54
27
133
107
107
39
253
386
St. Andrew Undershaft
23
10
27
60
19
11
23
53
113
St. Andrew-by-the-Ward-
rolHJ
16
20
21
57
20
19
56
113
St. Anne and St. Agnes' .
8
2
10
20
12
3
14
29
49
St. Austin's, Old Change .
13
3
10
26
9
6
11
26
52
St. Bartholomew-the-Great.
20
24
15
59
34
69
oo
125
184
St. Bartholomew-the-Less .
21
45
17
83
9
7
!«>
28
111
St. Benet's (Welsh Church)
5
5
10
44
70
^■^
127
137
St. Botolph's, Aldgate
29
23
"28
80
29
24
38
91
171
St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate .
65
58
37
160
65
95
4.S
203
363
St. Botolph's, Aldersgate .
68
40
22
130
57
57
f5
139
269
St. Bride's, Fleet Street .
21
14
27
62
24
27
?i
75
137
St. Clement's, Eastcheap .
9
3
9
21
10
9
^9
31
52
St. Dunstan in the East
12
9
27
48
14
17
27
58
106
St. Dunstan in the West
42
48
59
149
54
62
.3.5
151
300
St. Edmund the King and
Martyr ....
27
32
20
79
34
48
18
100
179
St. Ethelburga's,Bishopsgate
21
15
19
.55
26
28
28
82
137
St. Giles', Cripplegate .
33
18
78
129
32
23
29
84
213
St. Helen's, Bishopsgate
13
8
17
38
16
13
15
44
82
St. James' Garlickhythe
17
10
16
43
21
29
11
61
104
St. Katherine Coleman
10
4
11
25
7
6
15
28
53
St. Katherine Cree
11
16
15
42
16
30
16
62
104
St. Lawrence Jewry .
37
27
30
94
83
73
33
189
283
St. Magnus the Martyr
10
13
3
26
9
4
13
39
St. Margaret's, Lothbury .
24
18
39
81
23
26
"27
76
1.57
St. Margaret Pattens' .
28
14
16
58
37
30
12
79
137
St. Martin's, Ludgate
15
13
9
37
12
15
11
38
75
St. Mary Abchurch
10
3
15
28
9
6
12
27
55
St. Mary Aldermary
22
20
14
56
19
29
10
58
114
St. Mary-at-Hill .
22
18
58
98
305
163
76
544
642
St. Mary-le-Bow .
13
16
2
31
22
17
39
70
St. Marj' the Virgin's
13
2
12
27
13
6
7
26
53
St. Mary Woolnoth
20
18
9
47
15
16
9
40
87
St. Michael's, Cornhill
39
29
31
99
60
54
29
143
242
St. Michael's Paternoster
Royal ....
12
8
20
40
25
27
23
75
115
St. Mildred's, Bread Street
6
8
14
4
8
5
17
31
St. Nicholas Cole Abbey .
21
37
'6
64
70
138
13
221
285
St. Olave's, Hart Street
23
32
15
70
26
51
20
"97
167
St. Peter's, Cornhill .
34
14
15
63
25
22
14
61
124
St. Peter-le-Poer .
14
4
25
43
13
5
16
34
77
St. Sepulchre's, Holborn
28
13
80
121
40
56
41
137
258
St. Stephen's, Coleman St. .
22
31
28
81
25
44
23
92
173
St. Stephen's, Walbrook
28
23
18
69
23
18
17
58
127
St. Swithin's, London Stone
15
6
11
32
19
10
15
44
76
St. Vedast's, Foster Lane .
11
6
7
24
15
4
6
25
49
Temple Church .
221
208
26
455
63
36
21
120
575
St. Thomas of Aeon (Mer-
cers' Chapel)
13
9
10
32
32
Total .
1,807
1,607
1,220
4,634
2,440
2,339
1,148
5,927
10,561
125
126
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
CHURCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
for the
Day.
City Temple, Holborn Via-
duct
Silver Street, Falcon Square
Bishopsgate Street Chaj^el .
2,0.54
20
35
1,332
27
26
77
20
17
3,463
67
78
1,750
28
72
1,626
46
113
169
24
13
3.545
98
198
7,008
165
276
Total ....
2,109
1,385
114
3,608
1,850
1,785
206
3,841
7,449
BAPTIST CHURCH
' Mill Yard " Seventh Day
Baptist ....
10
10
18
28
SOCIETY OP FRIENDS
Devonshii-e House, Bishops-
gate Street
20
13
36
10
46
FOREIGN PROTESTANT SERVICES
Dutch Ch., Austin Friars . 45
35
87
87
WELSH CALVINISTIC METHODIST CHURCH
NewJewin Chapel, Fann St. 33
10
48 I 146
95
18 259
307
MORAVIAN CHURCH
Fetter Lane.
15
25
43
15
23
66
BRETHREN
Fleur-de-Lis Court
18
15
39
17
24
13
54
93
OTHER SERVICES
Billingsgate Christian Miss.,
19, St. Mary-at-Hill .
Ethical Society, South Place
118
"93
163
'374
11
14
11
36
36
374
Total ....
118
93
163
374
11
14
11
36
410
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
DBNOMINATION.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Church of England
1,807
1,607
1,220
4,634
2,440
2,339
1,148
5,927
10,561
Congregational Church
2,109
1,385
114
3,608
1,850
1,785
206
3,841
7,449
Baptist Church
3
3
4
10
10
5
3
18
28
Society of Friends
20
13
3
36 j
8
1
1
10
46
Foreign Prot. Services .
45
35
7
87
• ■•
87
Welsh Cal.Meth. Church
33
10
5
48
146
95
18
259
307
Moravian Church .
15
25
3
43
8
15
23
66
Brethren
18
15
6
39
17
24
13
54
93
Other Services
118
93
163
374
11
14
11
36
410
Jewish Church
2,371
459
720
3,550
...
...
3,550
Grand Totals .
6,539
3,645
2,245
12,429
4,490
4,278
1,400
10,168
22,597
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Roman Catholic
c Other Services
All Churches
Church of England
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
eiaok ^ All Sei
NOTE —The extraordinary ratio ol Church Attendance for the <
to the fact that the maiorlty of worshippers reside in
' of London i
er Boroufichs
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The Problem of North London
BY WALTER E. WAEREN, LL.B.
Intkoductory Note
The task that lies before me is to describe the religious influences
affecting North London — so far, at least, as they are operative
through the Churches.
The area is a large one, reaching westwards beyond Regent's
Park to Hampstead Cemetery and the confines of Kilburn ; east-
wards to the borders of Haggerston and the City boundary at
Finsbury Circus ; and from Drury Lane, Strand, in the south, far
away to the summit of Highgate Hill in the north.
From east to west it is over five miles in extent, as the crow
flies ; and from north to south over four miles ; while the total
area includes over fifteen square miles.
North London embraces six important boroughs, which resemble
the pieces of a child's wooden picture-puzzle, dovetailing into one
another — the long and straggling borough of St. Pancras, touching
Oxford Street and Holborn on the one side and Highgate on the
other, with the wealthy borough of Hampstead on its west,
dreary and depressing Islington on its east, the progressive
borough of Stoke Newington farther north-east, between which
and Holborn lies the low and larcenous borough of Finsbury ;
and lastly, at the foot of all, as if supporting all, the stolid,
squalid borough of Holborn.
In dealing with this vast area and its population of 865,000,
I propose to take each borough separately, describe its area, its
rateable value, its population, and the occupations and status of
its residents, adding any other features of municipal or general
interest. I then propose, in the case of each borough, to
enumerate the places of worship, giving the different denomina-
tions, the attendances at each on Sunday morning and evening,
comparing and contrasting one denomination with another, and
127
128 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
adding, where I deem desirable, some passing observations upon
the work and worship carried on at particular places.
When it is remembered that the printing space at my disposal
is necessarily limited, it must be manifest to all how impossible
it is to do justice to every detail, or to do more than glance at
each district and aim at accuracy of statement where adequate
description would involve infringement of such space. I shall be
content if, within the limits allotted to me, I succeed in furnishing
suf&cient material to drive my readers to supplement the informa-
tion by individual inquiry.
When I have reviewed the religious work of the several
boroughs concerned, I shall conclude the whole with a few plain
reflections upon the methods adopted, the men at work, and the
probable causes of failure or success.
STOKE NEWINGTON
The borough of Stoke Newington takes in the parish of
Stoke Newington and the urban district of South Hornsey, " or
so much thereof as may be incorporated with the County of
London." The following will give an approximate idea of the
area covered. Starting from Finsbury Park Station, the northern
boundary runs along Seven Sisters Road to Green Lanes and
New River Road and the neighbourhood of Stamford Hill. The
eastern boundary runs from Amhurst Road down Beltham Road
to Stoke Newington Station, and thence by High Street and
Stoke Newington Road, whence it proceeds in a north-westerly
direction along Bolcyn Road, Green Lanes, Mount Grove, and
Blackstock Road to Finsbury Park Station — that is to say, the
western boundary of Stoke Newington. Within this area are the
main thoroughfares of Lordship Lane and Manor Road, Green
Lanes and Woodberry Down.
It is well provided in some parts with open spaces, having
Finsbury Park (116 acres) along its northern boundary, and
Clissold Park (57 acres) towards the centre of its area — both
parks under the control of the L.C.C. That portion known as
South Hornsey is fully built upon, and has no agricultural land ;
but the valuation of such land in the remaining area is £97.
In Stoke Newington parish the population is 52 per acre, or 62"5
without open spaces; in South Hornsey it is 74 per acre, or 88
without open spaces. At the last census the total population of
THE PEOBLEM OF NOETH LONDON 129
tlie entire district was 51,247. There is very little overcrowding
in any part. The death-rate in 1901 was 13-1. The rateable
value for 1901-2 was £344,154. Both in rateable value and in
population this is the smallest borough in London. There are
948 one-room tenements, and 1,600 two-room tenements in the
borough. The poorer classes dwell towards the eastern and
south-eastern quarters; but otherwise the population is largely
upper middle class, with a few very well-to-do around Clissold
Park.
The total aggregate Sunday attendance at all places of worship
throughout this borough is 16,500 — i.e., one in three of the entire
population. One person in every six of the whole population
attends at Sunday morning service, and one in six in the
evening.
The Church of England has eleven places of worship
(including three missions). The "Wesleyans and Baptists have
each four, and the Congregationalists three, places of worship.
Generally speaking, the population of this borough comprises
that kind of middle class family whose habit is to attend some
place of worship ; and many of the wor-king class follow their
example. There are three places of worship, different in belief
and locality, whose congregations are about equal in number.
At St. Andrew's (Church of England), in Bethune Eoad, the
Sunday attendances are frequently 700, mainly middle class, with
a fair proportion of the better working class. The services are
greatly appreciated by the congregation, which includes half as
many men as women ; and the church is one where both classes
work together with a common desire to carry on the high
traditions of the Church and its organisations, and maintain
its parochial powers. The music is excellent, and the general
Church work highly beneficial, owing to the absence of class
distinctions.
At the Finsbury Park end of the borough the Weslej^an
Methodist Church has attendances equally good. Here there is no
mistake about the feeling which pervades the place. Everyone is
welcome. The service is all aglow from platform to pew — reading,
singing, preaching, praying, all are enjoyed and entered into by
the entire congregation. One is carried away by the very spirit
of the place ; by the striking individuahty of the preacher ; by
the stirring worshipfulness of the congregation. The church owes
its achievements to its deep devotional spirit, and its realisation
9
130 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
of religious service. The continuity of its work does not seem to
suffer through the circuit-system of the ministry.
But the largest normal attendance in the whole borough is
undoubtedly at "Woodberry Down Baptist Chapel, where the
services are bright, the teaching practical, and the institutions
well organised and sustained. This church received a great impact
to its usefulness during the recent ministry of the E-ev. Gr. Hay
Morgan, to whose able leadership, untiring zeal, and fine personality
its present flourishing state is very largely due.
At the large church of St. Mary's, in Church Street, everything
has been done, from an aesthetic and artistic point of view, to
make the service pleasing and conducive to worship. The parochial
work is effectively organised, and other institutions of a social and
educational character are well maintained.
Another church equally vigorous and successful is that belonging
to the Baptists at Devonshire Square. Founded in 1638, in the City
of London, it was removed to Stoke Newington in the seventies
of the last century. With a good evangelical preacher it is able
to show the best-attended week-night services in Northern London.
Its Christian Endeavour Society is a great strength and useful
organism. Such, too, is the spiritual vigour and zeal of the
church that Walford Hall is supported and officered by the
members of its congregation. Its membership is nearly 800, and
it has six local peachers.
Nor must the Congregationalists be overlooked. Their strongest
place in this district is at Abney Chapel, in Church Street. Here,
again, the church is an historic one — an old Independent Cause,
founded in 1662. Its name is taken from one of its first helpers,
Sir Thomas Abney. A church full of good works, with a member-
ship of 530; its energies overflow towards those in other parts,
principally finding outlet in social mission work among the poor
of Hackney.
Other denominations are represented in the borough, but have
a following comparatively small.
The Roman Catholic body may be said to have no influence here,
some of the services at their only church not mustering fifty persons.
There are few missions in Stoke Newington, notwithstanding
the strength of the Churches,
Throughout the borough the Wesleyans and Baptists are
numerically as strong as one another, while the Congregationalists
are only half their number.
THE PEOBLEM OF NORTH LONDON 131
It is a happy sign that at most of the churches of all denomina-
tions in the district an increasing number of the working class
population attend, and, in some places, they share personally the
active work of their particular place. Throughout the whole
borough it may be confidently asserted that Nonconformity is
vigorously in the ascendant.
HAMPSTEAD
The borough of Hampstead lies to the west of St. Pancras,
and has an area of about three and a half square miles. The
southern boundary runs by St. Edmund's Terrace, near Primrose
Hill, north-westwards along Avenue Road, Acacia Road, AVoronzow
Road, Queen's Road, and Finchley Road, down Boundary Road
and G-reville Place to High Road, Kilburn, and away as far as
Cricklewood. Here it turns north-east near Cricklewood Road,
taking in Temple Park, across Finchley Road and Hampstead
Heath, joining up the north-west corner of St. Pancras boundary
near Ken (Caen) Wood. The eastern boundary is, as far as it
goes, the same as the western boundary of St. Pancras — namely,
a line dividing Parliament Fields from Hampstead Heath, along
Maitland Park, across Haverstock Hill and Adelaide Road and
Primrose Hill to a point near Albert Road, where it joins up with
the southern boundary at St. Edmund's Terrace. Within this area
there are 350 acres of open space (16^ per cent, of the whole area),
including Hampstead Heath, the finest and most natural open space
in London.
The population has rapidly increased during the last fifty years.
In 1861 it was 12,000, in 1881 it was 45,450, and in 1901 it was 81,942.
Between 1896 and the present year 1,000 houses have been built.
The population increases mostly in West End Hampstead, where
during the last ten years it has grown twentyfold. The borough,
with few exceptions, is entirely residential, the average rateable
value of houses being as high as £76. In 1801 there were only
691 houses ; to-day there are over 10,000. Yet there is very little
overcrowding — 10*3 per cent, in 1891, which has since somewhat
decreased. The death-rate in 1896 was 11*2 per 1,000, and is now
10'6 per 1,000 — the lowest in all London. In 1901 the rateable
value of the borough was £876,166, of which £602 was the valuation
of land. In 1903 the rateable value is £986,006, of which £1,627
is the valuation of agricultural land.
132 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Only in the side or back streets of the town itself is there any
poverty, or in the west end of the district bordering the High Road,
Kilburn, in which quarter alone are lodgings obtainable. Generally
speaking, the residents are people of independent means, City and
colonial merchants, and people of all talents and professions —
including medicine, law, divinity, drama, journalism, literature,
science and art, and music. In the west end, however, the
inhabitants are either tradesmen carrying on small businesses,
or the miscellaneous collection of working-class folk, including
cabmen, builders' labourers, and a sprinkling of City clerks and
assistants.
The high-class shops of the district are situated in Finchley
Road and High Street, Hampstead, while public-houses are chiefly
conspicuous by their absence.
Municipally Hampstead is well to the fore. Men of public spirit
and business intelligence serve as its councillors. Four swimming
baths and fifty private baths, opened in 1888, are greatly appre-
ciated, while the baths' gymnasium for winter use has brought
delight to the athlete and a net gain of £1,000 to the borough
funds. Public libraries abound in every part, that erected at
the corner of Finchley Road and Arkwright Road being one of
the finest in London. The borough has adopted municipal electric
lighting, which supplies current for the greater portion of the
district, with a maximum demand rate of charge of twopence.
Hampstead is, undoubtedly, one of the most lovely spots of
London. With its glorious Heath, its free winds on that Heath,
the rural scenes of hill and wood and water, its green fields, great
parks, and country lanes, it stands the peerless and the picturesque
of Northern London. Its very highways are beautiful, undulating
from north to south and from east to west, forming infinite points
of view, and commending to us the lines of Leigh Hunt :
Streets, lulls, and dell, trees overhead now seen,
Now down below, with smoking roofs between.
It is a place of great historic interest; the very names of its
localities are reminiscent of old nobility and greatness. Who has
not heard of Belsize House and Lane ; of Rosslyn House and
HiU; and of Haverstock Hill? If it had nothing greater than
The Spaniards and Jack Straw's Castle, would not these recall the
departed days of Charles Dickens and John Forster? But here
in the beautiful Vale of Health lived old Leigh Hunt, lapped in
THE PROBLEM OP NORTH LONDON 133
the nature that he loved. Here Byron and Shelley roamed, here
Keats lived and bloomed, and here were haunts of good Sir
Richard Steele. Hampstead! the very name is rich in memories,
multitudinous as its trees and old as the windy Heath.
Nor is this beauteous borough deaf or indifferent to the serious
call. There are within its borders fifty-one places of worship.
Twenty-three are Church of England, six are Baptist, three Con-
gregationalist, four Presbyterian, three "Wesleyan, two Unitarian,
two Salvation Army, and two are Roman Catholic.
The total aggregate attendance at all religious places throughout
the entire borough is 20,940. That is to say, one person in four
of the total population. The total attendance in the morning at
all places is 11,676 (including 2,825 children), and in the evening
about 9,264 (including 1,368 children). In other words, a little
more than one in eight in the morning, and a little less in the
evening. At these gatherings the women are nearly twice as
many as the men ; but then there are five women to every three
men in Hampstead, and domestics are redundant in the borough.
Of the Church of England centres, seven are missions, very
poorly attended, and sixteen are regular churches. The total
aggregate number of people attending these latter churches
throughout the Sunday is 9,925, of whom one-fifth are children.
The largest Church of England congregation is at St. John's,
Church Row, where the morning attendance was 695 (including
283 children), and the evening 507 (including 172 children). At
Christ Church the morning attendance is 497 (including 114
children), in the evening about 412 (including about 64 children).
After these, four or five places have an attendance between
400 and 500 (including children). At the remaining Church of
England places, attendances range from 100 to 300, of whom
quite one-third are children.
Of late, religious activities of every kind in Hampstead have
increased, and feuds obtain. Between High Church and Low the
battle rages ; while the foes to Romanism and to Ritualism have
helped to augment and federate the forces. All Church of England
places of worship have experienced a large accession to their
numbers. Nor is this to be wondered at, when we observe that
the Roman Catholics, at their chief place of worship — the Church
of the Sacred Heart — have a morning attendance of 1,095, including
693 women and 258 children.
Among Nonconformist places of worship in the borough only
134 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
one could come anywhere near such an attendance — namely, the
Congregational church, Lyndhurst Road. There the usual attend-
ance reaches 900, excluding children. From every point of view
this is by far the best attended place in Hampstead. Here Dr.
Horton reigns; here are forces of great good. With a preacher
whose message is ever fresh and uplifting, a spirituality that
moulds good men, and with a social organism of religious energy
and enterprise, the influence of such a centre is incalculably great.
Among the Baptists the best attendances are found far apart
— at Brondesbury Chapel on the western border, and at Heath
Street Chapel in the town. In both places the work is well
organised, the worship devout, the services are bright and helpful.
At Brondesbury the congregation is middle class, and drawn
entirely from the surrounding district, where the working class
daily increases. Attendance : Sunday morning, 221 ; and in the
evening, 387. At Heath Street the attendance is slightly smaller.
This chapel, built in 1862, has two towers as a noticeable feature
of its architecture. In the building which preceded it George White-
field preached in 1739, and thus records his visit : " The audience
was of the politer sort " — a reputation which the church maintains.
The Presbyterians have not yet gained a very strong hold in
Hampstead ; their strength is rather in the adjoining district of
St. John's Wood. Their largest attendances in Hampstead are at
Rondu Road, Cricklewood, where they number 187. The Unitarian
gatherings are about the same. In Hampstead it is not surprising
to find the Salvation Army restricted in their sphere of influence,
and their largest meetings rarely exceed 100.
Most of the denominations are on the best of terms with one
another. The poor are too well looked after, and the tendency is
to kill their courage by misinformed and misdirected kindness.
Many churches of all denominations successfully conduct asylums
for the aged, and give instruction to the young in the varied round
of daily life. Throughout the borough religious life and social
work appear to thrive and give expression to their strength in an
infinite variety of ways.
ISLINGTON
The borough of Islington covers an area of four and three-
quarter square miles, nearly the whole of which is built over. Its
southern boundary starts at King's Cross terminus, runs by Penton-
ville Road across Caledonian Road, and, by back streets making its
THE PROBLEM OF NORTH LONDON 135
way to the Angel, proceeds down City Road to Vincent Terrace.
From this spot the eastern boundary runs round Arlington Street,
across the New North Road, along Southgate Road, across Balls
Pond Road, along Boleyn Road, Matthias Road, Green Lanes,
Blackstock Road, Stroud Green Road, to Stapleton Hall, across
Mount View Road to a little farther north. From there the
northern boundary runs by Crouch Hill and Hornsey Lane to
"Waterlow Park. From Waterlow Park to King's Cross terminus
the western boundary of Islington is the eastern boundary of
St. Pancras, passing along Dartmouth Park Hill, Brecknock Road,
and York Road to King's Cross. This large area includes the
districts of Holloway, Highbury, Canonbury, and Barnsbury, and
the well-known thoroughfares of Caledonian Road, Holloway Road,
Upper Street, St. Paul's Road, and Essex Road.
In 1801 the population was 10,200, in 1841 it was 65,690, in 1881
it was 282,860, and in 1901 it stood at 334,991. It is the largest
population of all the London boroughs, and yet so badly off for
open spaces that their total does not exceed 40 acres — only 1 acre
of open space to every 8,375 persons. The largest open space,
Highbury Fields, only occupies 27^ acres. Overcrowding in 1891
was 20-25 — a percentage a little above the average of all London,
The death-rate in 1899 was 18-1 per 1,000, and in 1901 it was
16-98 per 1,000.
The rateable value in March 1900 was £1,830,662, and in March
1902 it was £1,912,943.
The borough contains 12,955 tenements of one room each, and
18,934 of two rooms — facts eloquent of the poverty that prevails.
There are baths and washhouses, much patronised, in different
quarters, but no free libraries within the borough. Of the many
well-to-do people formerly resident in Islington, only a few remain,
in Highbury, or the better sort of middle class in Canonbury.
Driven out by the influx of the working classes, the rich have seen
their fine old houses falling beneath the housebreaker's hammer, and
yielding place to cheap-and-nasty dwellings. To-day the borough
is invaded by those whose work is ever fitful and requires constant
change of residence. Every day the borough is becoming more a
caravanserai of ever-shifting lodgers, in consequence of its near-
ness to Central London and the increasing work of great railway
centres. No one can fail to observe it. Whether one alights from
a 'bus at the Angel and penetrates the backs of High Street and
Upper Street, or travels in and out of the side streets branching
136 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
off the Caledonian Road, in the region of Pentonville and Bemerton
and Beaconsfield Streets, or along the Seven Sisters Road — it is
both real and certain that poverty, vice, and low life are there,
potent with evil and pitiful to the last degree. Vice and the
poverty that is no vice dwell together.
How different from the Islington whose gardens Goldsmith
knew and loved to visit ! Where is now the Merrie Islington,
with lovely fields and leafy lanes, where Charles Lamb lived, and
Johnny Gilpin galloped through ? Where is now that Highbury
Barn, so noted for its ale and cakes ; or Cream Hall, whereat our
grandsires gathered, hot and dusty, on a shining summer afternoon,
to quaff new milk, eat custards cool, and cakes delicious, dipped in
frothing cream ? Where is Canonbury, that " suitable resort for
invalids, on account of its purity of country air and the convenience
of an easy sixpenny stage every hour to the city"?
Throughout the whole borough there are 160 places of worship,
which command an aggregate Sunday attendance of 71,000 people —
31,000 in the morning, and 40,000 at night. The aggregate atten-
dance, therefore, represents one in four of the total population.
In the morning one person in ten goes to a place of worship, in
the evening one in eight, and, as is usually the case, the greater
number are women.
The Church of England alone have sixty-seven places of worship.
Their congregations are large, the Sunday services bright and
helpful, and their social and parochial work is maintained with
enthusiasm and intelligence. The most successful Church of
England centres are in Highbury and Holloway among the better
part of the middle classes, where an ordinary attendance reaches
700 and 800, including from 100 to 200 children.
At St. Augustine's, Highbury ; St. James', Holloway ; St. Mary
Magdalene's, Holloway ; St. John's, Upper Holloway, the congre-
gations are, in every case, well over 700, and are drawn from the
middle class portion of the population. Everything is done to appeal
to the sense of good taste. Here a building sesthetically appointed,
good singing, a bright and well-ordered service, conducted by one
who liappily knows how to avoid tiring his audience, and how
effectively to sustain their interest and sometimes to arouse their
enthusiasm. The whole thing runs on rhythmically. At another
it is the "ritual" of the whole service that commands the congre-
gation and evokes the devotional spirit. While at others success
is due in no little measure to the fact that the minister studies
THE PEOBLEM OF NORTH LONDON 137
the interests of the outside world, and does not forget that his
congregation is largely composed of men who toil and spend
six-sevenths of their lives in the City mart. In these churches
the congregation are not only listeners, but enthusiastic workers,
visiting the poor, ministering to the sick, and speaking comfortable
words to the afflicted.
In Essex Road and the vicinity of Finsbury Park the attend-
ances run to 400 and 500, mainly middle class. In these, also,
methods similar to those I have just described are employed
successfully upon a smaller scale. In other parts of the borough
the attendance is too meagre to call for attention.
The largest concourse of worshippers at any place in the
district is the morning service in one of the Roman Catholic
buildings — either St. Joseph's Retreat, Highgate Hill, or St. John
the Evangelist's, Duncan Terrace, in each of which the attendance
reaches over 1,200. But this, of course, is due to the celebration
of Mass ; for in the evening the congregations fall as low as 200 ;
while at the Sacred Heart, Eden Grove, HoUoway, where the
morning attendance for Mass is over 800, the evening congregation
is less than 150.
The nearest approach to these great gatherings is to be
found among the Baptists in Upper Holloway, where the normal
evening attendance is from 1,100 to 1,200. The sincerity and
industry of the officers, the many eager workers, the systematic
methods adopted, the endless variety of work and aims suitable
for every kind of worshipper, all go to make it a living centre of
religious usefulness. A great spirit pervades the place and work
— the spirit of sympathetic helpfulness born of an experience
gained by mixing with the outer world of things and men. No one
can hear such a man as the minister of this church without being
impressed with his whole-hearted sincerity. No attempt at "effect,"
no appeal to the sensational, no repetition of familiar phrases ; but
a call to the highest and best in man, a reference to the world
of fact, an argument based on daily experience and sound judg-
ment, and a conclusion satisfying the deepest needs and stirring
the holiest desires of the human heart.
Throughout the whole area of Islington there is nothing
quite like it among any other religious body, nothing so
great or magnetic, nothing so successful in its achievement.
If the Baptists had no other gathering, the}'- would be well
represented; but they have other places, scattered well over
138 THE BELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
the district, some of which, as in Highbury Hill and Essex Road,
are well attended.
The Congregationalists have also a very strong hold in Islington.
They have fifteen churches and four missions, whose total aggre-
gate Sunday attendances amount to considerably over 11,500. At
some churches the Sunday attendance reaches 1,000, while at others
it ranges from 300 to 800. The Congregationalists are more and
more giving the lead in North London, both in methods and kinds
of organisation, especially in the well-to-do parts of the district.
The best gathering is at Finsbury Park Congregational Church,
where the Sunday evening attendance reaches 876 adults. These
are mostly shopkeepers, shop assistants, artisans, mechanics, and
clerks, resident in and around Seven Sisters Road. It is a thrilling
sight to watch the crowds of people pouring into this church on
a Sunday evening. The preacher, like his predecessor, has studied
his people, and caught their ears and hearts. They are an audience
good-hearted, industrious, and impressionable ; fond of tea-meetings
and hymns with good swinging tunes, and not averse from a sally
of wit or flash of sparkling humour.
A totally different class of audience is that which gathers in
the southern extremity of the district, at Union Church, Upper
Street. This church was formerly the scene of the labours of
the late Dr. AUon, whose success in improving the musical portion
of worship is so well known. By his great gifts he gathered about
him a large and influential congregation from the surrounding
neighbourhood. The church still retains its fame for excellent
singing ; its vitality is still very vigorous. Although many who
once worshipped there have removed from the neighbourhood, the
numbers are well maintained, 786 being present at Sunday morning
worship. The preaching is effective, and appeals especially to an
intellectual audience.
Similar vitality attends the work at other Congregational
churches in Upper Street and Junction Road, Holloway. Two other
churches of this body may not be passed in silence. If we turn
to Highbury Quadrant, we find a robust and healthy state of things.
Attendances, morning and evening, 5112 and 650 adults. Here again
it is the man who draws. Robust in mind and body, he preaches
a valorous faith in God and love of men. As scholar and author
he appeals to people who think and read. He seeks to actualise
for men the comradeship of Christ. And while his sermons are
full of spiritual force, they are lit with brilliant epigram and apt
THE PROBLEM OF NOETH LONDON 139
quotation, and never fail to awaken interest, quicken thought,
and stimulate to action.
Going farther north in the district, we reach New Court,
Tollington Park, a church of historic value, capable of holding
1,200 to 1,400 people. The congregation is wholly composed of
middle-class residents and tradespeople. I can well remember the
over-crowded assemblies of this church, fourteen or sixteen years
ago, under the leadership of the Rev. Ossian Davies, whose Druidic
fervour impressed the mind and heart. Rhetoric, poetry, argument,
personal experience, living conviction, divine passion and com-
passion — all shot like well-winged arrows, or falling magnificently
as white snow before a winter wind. And for a few years, too,
this church has been the scene of the Rev. G. Campbell Morgan's
successful labours. From pulpit steps to doors, and from floor
to gallery — full to overflowing, morning and evening, with no hope
for late-comers.
In each case, unquestionably, it has been the personality of the
man that has secured these extraordinary attendances. And
although the numbers have not been anything like as great since
the departure of Dr. Campbell Morgan, they are still very good.
The place has acquired a kind of spiritual goodwill in the neigh-
bourhood — its people religiously resort to it, and even week-night
services are well attended.
If we turn to the Presbyterians, here again we find that the
best-sustained church is that which has the most competent
preacher and leader — namely. Crouch Hill, Holly Park : the congre-
gation, mainly upper middle class residents of the district; an
effective preacher, broad-minded, good-natured, and sociable ; the
church running to no extremes, but doing all its work with
religious politeness.
The Salvation Army have a good Sunday evening attendance
of 635 at Junction Road, Holloway; and of the undenominational
services the largest gathering (331) is at Holloway Road Hall on
Sunday evenings.
ST. PANCRAS
The borough of St. Pancras, with its straggling area and its
struggling population, includes every class and condition. It
is one of the largest London boroughs, and covers more than
four square miles. Let us define the district. Starting from a
point near the juncture of Rathbone Place and Oxford Street, the
140 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
western boundary of St. Pancras runs along Ratlibone Place and
Charlotte Street, across the Broad Walk at Regent's Park to
Albert Road, Primrose Park and Hill, by Ainger Road and
Maitland Park Road to Gospel Oak, and almost due north, dividing
Hampstead Heath and Parliament Hill, past Ken Wood and
Mansfield House to Hampstead Lane. The northern boundary runs
thence eastwards, keeping a line a little south of Hampstead Lane
along to Highgate Hill. The eastern boundary proceeds south-
wards from Highgate Hill by Dartmouth Park Hill, Brecknock
Road, York Road to King's Cross terminus (G.N.R.), crossing
over Pentonville Road and joining King's Cross Road, up to
Calthorpe Street and Mount Pleasant. The southern boundary
goes by Mount Pleasant into Gray's Inn Road, along Guilford
Street to Russell Square, round Bernard Street, across Coram
Street to Tavistock Street, on to Tottenham Court Road and the
point near Oxford Street from which we started.
In 1901 the population of St. Pancras was 236,284.
With little exception it is a poor and densely populated borough,
its highways of noisy traffic fed with numberless streets of the
meanest kind. Lodging-houses of a low class abound, and an
infinite swarm of petty shops compete with a few large stores.
More than 11 per cent, of its area is open space — namely.
Parliament Hill, 180 acres ; Waterlow Park, 30 acres ; Regent's
Park, 45 acres ; besides smaller open spaces under local control.
Moreover, many parts of the borough, such as Kentish Town,
Somers Town, Chalk Farm, and Euston Road, are ever suffering
through the continual development of great railways in their midst
and the extension of business premises, every opportunity of
buying up adjoining properties being eagerly sought and secured.
The large population is consequently congested into close
quarters, and overcrowding prevails. In 1891, over 35 per cent,
of the people were living in small tenements with more than two
persons in a room.
The death-rate in 1899 was 20-3 per 1000; in 1901 it was 18*1
per 1000, the decrease being partly due to the clearing away of
some insanitary and crowded dwellings.
By far the worst parts of the borough are the neighbourhoods
off Hampstead Road and St. Pancras Station, the side streets off
Euston Road and Gray's Inn Road, Burton Crescent, Charlotte
Street, the streets to the north of High Street, Camden Town,
and some parts of Somers Town.
THE PEOBLEM OF NOETH LONDON 141
Here the conditions of existence are disheartening to a degree :
ugly, squalid dwellings filled with every unpleasant odour, and
densely packed with every kind of dirty people ; loafers and casual
labourers herding with poor prostitutes; carmen and railway men
working long hours for little wages and large families ; all huddled
together in couples of stifling rooms, backed with the deadest of
walls and faced with the dullest of streets. Here dirty men's dirtier
wives keep low lodgings and maintain a dirty state of chronic
intoxication ; here the dirty streets are full of dirty and ansemic
children ; here, though rents are high, rooms are rarely vacant ;
here fresh air never enters and pure winds never blow, the flowers
refuse to bloom ; here all things degrade and die — only the evil
that men do lives on, and little babes are blessed with early
death ; here souls go to hell and no one cares.
The richer and healthier parts of the borough are near Eegent's
Park, Highgate Hill, Dartmouth Park Eoad, Tufnell Park ; and,
in the southern portion, Endsleigh Gardens, Tavistock, Woburn
and Gordon Squares ; while in the more central portions of the
district, Camden Town and Kentish Town, the people are mostly
of the lower middle class — shopkeepers, tradesmen, and artisans —
City clerks and shop assistants also finding easy lodgings here.
The great railways in the borough bring their workers to this
part. Houses once bright with better folk still persist, and
through the Camden and the Kentish Towns one feels, in frequent
places, that indescribable air of faded gentility forever associated
with one Wilkins Micawber — a former resident.
On the other hand, the rich and well-to-do of Eegent's Park
or Endsleigh Gardens keep themselves to themselves and neither
mix nor intermeddle with the poor.
This being the general character of the people, let us see how
they respond to religious agencies. Throughout the borough of
St. Pancras there are 116 places of worship. The total Sunday
morning attendance is 20,146, including 7,293 children. The total
evening attendance is 22,010, including 6,288 children. In other
words, one person in every twelve of the entire population attends
Sunday morning worship ; and one person in eleven attends evening
service. There are forty-five Church of England places of worship,
of which thirty-six are regular churches scattered well over the
entire area. The total Sunday morning attendance at these is
8,931, including 3,876 children ; the total evening attendance is
8,277, including 2,096 children. So that one adult in fifty attends
142 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
tlie Church of England on Sunday morning, and about one adult in
thirty-eight on Sunday evening.
The parish church of St. Pancras, situated in the wealthy part,
has a congregation which numbers 668 (including 283 children) in
the morning and 832 in the evening — mainly of the more fashionable
class; and at St. Mary Magdalene's, Osnaburgh Street — another
well-to-do district — the morning attendance is 706 (including 268
children), and in the evening 379. Both are very High, and both
lay great stress on first-class music. These are the largest attend-
ances at any Church of England place of worship in the borough.
At St. Michael's, which dominates the Hill at Highgate, where, again,
music and sestheticism play their part, the Sunday morning attend-
ance is just over 500, but in the evening only 279. At All Hallows',
Gospel Oak, a church of superb proportions, the attendance is 442
in the morning and 453 in the evening, and the congregation is
composed of the well-to-do middle class. For the rest, throughout
the borough we find Church of England buildings large and
empty, the attendances being anything from 250 down to 25. At
the eight Church of England missions the attendances are never
greater than fifty or sixty adults ; but frequently from five to
fifteen, all told.
Of the many other denominations there are seventy Noncon-
formist places of worship, the total attendance at which outnumbers
the total attendance at the Church of England alone by between
5,000 and 6,000. Among the most active and prominent of these
other denominational bodies, eleven churches are Baptist, ten are
Congregational, eight are Presbyterian, seven are Wesleyan, three
are Salvation Army, and eighteen Undenominational missions.
With a few notable exceptions all these places of worship are
very poorly attended.
At Park Square Chapel, Regent's Park, under the able leadership
of Mr. Gauge, the Baptist cause flourished considerably. The
morning attendance is 627, and in the evening 768. The services
are inspiring and instructive, and addressed to all classes of
people. The congregation is drawn largely from parts beyond
the borders, and comprises all kinds of middle-class folk, some
very well-to-do, as well as many students for the ministry. The
place is known far and wide as a good centre of religious life,
and draws many outsiders by its well-deserved and well-sustained
reputation.
Again, at Highgate Road the Baptists are in full force. Morning
THE PROBLEM OF NORTH LONDON 143
attendances, 693 ; evening, 444. Congregation, largely working
middle class and well-disposed. The singing is clieerj^, the preach-
ing fresh and pointed ; and a spirit of mutual goodwill pervades the
place.
At Maitland Park and St. Aloysius', Somers Town, both Roman
Catholic places, morning Mass accounts for the numbers. The
Sunday morning attendance at Maitland Park is 1,179, and in the
evening only 364 ; at St. Aloysius' the morning attendance is 765,
and in the evening 303.
In Kentish Town and Camden Town the Wesleyans are the
strongest — in fact, the only strong — body in every respect, in
spiritual vigour, enthusiastic work, and self-support. Their church
and work in Prince of "Wales Road are the best and brightest in
all the district; in every department the young people take a
growing and active part, and everything throbs with life and goes
with a swing. Their ministers have but to ask, and the thing is
done. Yet, even here, the largest attendances do not exceed 500,
including children.
For the rest, the attendances are very poor and discouraging,
whether we look at the Congregational body, mustering at most
an audience from 200 to 350, and at least from 50 to 15 ; or at
the Presbyterians, with their largest gatherings of 443 (including
96 children) at Regent Square, and their smallest of 60 (including
half children) at common Kentish Town ; or at the Salvation Army,
with their good work at Burton Hall. However, the Salvation
Army at Chalk Farm have an excellent Sunday evening atten-
dance, mustering 612 (including 178 children). The Unitarians
have comparatively no following in St. Pancras. Of the eighteen
undenominational missions little can be said of an encouraging
nature, so far as meetings go, beyond the fact that numbers of
children attend them.
The great mass of poor people of St. Pancras are unaffected
by the religious centres in their midst. Religious meetings and
services do not attract them. For the most part, they live a
miserable, struggling existence from week to week, over-tired by
their daily labour or the lack of it, depressed by the deadening
sense of their dull surroundings, careless of most matters beyond
their own door or the public-house, and generally suspicious of
anything in the nature of a homily or good advice.
144 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
HOLBORN
This borough includes the united parishes of St. Giles-in-the-
Fields and St. George, Bloomsbury ; St. Andrew, Holborn-above-
the-Bars ; and St. George-tho-Martyr, and the Liberty of Saffron
Hill, with Lincoln's Inn, Gray's Inn, Staple Inn, and so much of
Furnival's Inn as is outside the City of London.
The borough of Holborn geographically lies at the feet of the
borough of St. Pancras. Taking a point at the juncture of Francis
Street and Tottenham Court Road, we find that the northern
boundary of Holborn runs along Francis Street, Byng Street,
across Coram Street and Russell Square, by Guilford Street and
Doughty Street to Mount Pleasant, Warner Road, and Clerkenwell
Road as far as Farringdon Road. The eastern boundary goes
along Farringdon Road, and skirting the City boundary by High
Holborn, makes its way into Cursitor Street and Carey Street.
From this last-named point the southern boundary encloses Lin-
coln's Inn Fields, and proceeds across Drury Lane to Castle Street,
where the western boundary commences, and continuing by Charing
Cross Road, Oxford Street, and Tottenham Court Road, arrives at
Francis Street, from which we started.
This area covers 409 acres, and includes the well-known
thoroughfares of New Oxford Street and High Holborn, and the
historic open spaces of Lincoln's Inn Fields and Gray's Inn. In
area Holborn is the smallest borough of London, and presents the
extreme contrasts of great opulence and abject poverty. It is
crowded with business premises and the houses of the poor. The
population in March 1901 was 69,390, but at the end of that j'ear
it was estimated at 61,033. Even when the Lincoln's Inn Fields
and Gray's Inn are included, there are only nine acres of open
space throughout the entire borough. There is consequently much
overcrowding — 166 persons to the acre. In 1901 in St. Giles
29*8 per cent, of the whole population lived more than two in a
room, and in the parish of Holborn 384 per cent. The death-
rate is very high — namely, 24-9 for the Holborn parishes, 19*9 in
St. Giles, and for the whole borough 22 per 1,000, as contrasted
with 11 '6 for Hampstead. A very large portion of the borough
is undergoing structural demolition and alteration, displacing many
of the residents, and substituting for their residences premises used
for business only, or for residential purposes as high-class flats.
THE PEOBLEM OF NOETH LONDON 145
We liave the wealthy in Bedford Square and Eussell Square,
spreading along Southampton Eow and thereabouts, mostly inde-
pendent. North of Oxford Street the residents are frequently
independent or among the professional classes, as in Great Eussell
Street, John Street, and the neighbourhood of Bedford Eow; in
other parts tradesmen, shop assistants, dressmakers, hotel waiters,
etc., reside ; on the south of Oxford Street, market porters, Jewish
tailors, carters, waiters, labourers, theatrical employes, charwomen,
washers, and many whose callings are obscure. Some of the worst
and poorest parts are around Drury Lane and the streets and alleys
between Drury Lane and Carey Street.
The aggregate Sunday attendance at places of worship, how-
ever, is one person in every four of the entire population. Li the
morning one person in eight attends public worship, in the evening
one in nine. The Church of England have thirteen places of
worship in Holborn and four missions ; the Eoman Catholics have
three. The aggregate attendance at the Church of England services
in their thirteen churches is the same as the aggregate attendance
at the three Eoman Catholic churches. In point of numbers these
two bodies stand first in Holborn.
Of the position of the Eoman Catholics there can be no question.
At the chief church — St. Peter's, Clerkenwell — the total attendance
on Sunday reaches 3,000 — i.e. 2,067 at morning Mass and 933 at
their evening service. The astonishing fact is that out of 2,067
attendants more than 850 are men, and out of the 933 in the
evening nearly 400 are men.
The largest attendances in Church of England places of worship
are at St. Alban's, Brooke Street — a fashionable church with every
attraction of ritual and art — and at St. George's, in Hart Street ;
but at neither of these does any attendance go beyond 570. For
the rest, all the other churches of the Church of England have but
small attendances, and High Church ways prevail. The proximity
to the City and the general conditions of the district make an
attendance of 200 or 300 a good congregation.
The Baptists in Holborn have their best gathering on the
western border of the borough — namely, at Bloomsbury Chapel,
a little under 500 in the morning and a little above in the
evening. No doubt these attendances are due not only to
the good organisations and well-filled pulpit, but also to its
popularity as a place for holding spring and autumn assemblies
of the denomination. The congregation includes a large number
10
146 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
of people engaged at shops and other business premises in the
neighbourhood.
Another Baptist church is in John Street, Bedford Row, for-
merly the scene of Baptist Noel's activities, possessing a fine and
capacious building, well lit with electricity, comfortably seated,
bright in services, enthusiastic in local work, and well organised ;
but the attendances do not exceed 195 in the morning, 312 at night.
The congregation is entirely middle class. The surroundings and
conditions under which any religious work in this part of the
district is done are such as to need heroic effort and relentless
persistence. This church is hampered by the distinctions of its past
and the difficulties of the present. That part of the population
which is not continually shifting is perpetually indifferent.
The new Baptist church at Kingsgate Street, Southampton Row,
hitherto a small but worthy cause, is more likely to become a centre
of great religious activity in the future, owing to its close proximity
to the spacious new premises recently erected in Southampton Row
for the general work of this denomination.
The "Wesleyan Methodists have a church in Great Queen Street.
The building is both large and old, with double galleries running
round its sides, and is capable of accommodating 2,(X)0 people ; yet
the Sunday attendances are a deplorable sight — in the morning not
more than 140, and in the evening 250 at most. This place
peculiarly illustrates the difficulties which beset the three-year
system of the "Wesleyan Methodist Church. With a neighbourhood
among the worst in London, and with local obstacles of a distressing
kind, only permanent and persistent work by the same man,
year in and year out, could hope to achieve anything here in
the nature of success.
There is no Congregational church or mission throughout the
entire borough, and of the ten other missions that are carried on,
the most conspicuous for successful endeavour are those known
as Fox Court and Field Lane, where the aim of the work is to
rescue, guide, and guard the child-life of the neighbourhood.
When compared together numerically, the Church of England,
the Roman Catholics, and the Nonconformists may be likened to
three forces which keep things equally balanced all round — no
one power outweighing the other.
THE PEOBLEM OF NORTH LONDON 147
FINSBURY
The borongli of Finsbnry lies between Hoxton and Islington
on its north, and east, St. Pancras, Holborn, and the City of London
on its west and south sides. Starting from the juncture of
Farringdon Road and Charterhouse Street, the southern boundary
of the borough of Finsbury runs by the Central Meat Market,
Charterhouse Street, Carthusian Street, across Aldersgate Street,
Fann Street, across Golden Lane and Whitecross Street, down
Ropemaker Street to South Place. From South Place the eastern
boundary line is formed by Wilson Street and Paul Street. The
northern boundary runs along Cowper Street, City Road, Liver-
pool Road, Richard Street, Denmark Road, and AVynford Road.
Thence the western boundary goes by steps down Southampton
Street, South Place, Winchester Street, Collier Street, and North
Street, along King's Cross Road and Farringdon Road to the point
from which we first started. This area includes the well-known
thoroughfares of Clerkenwell Road, Old Street, Goswell Road,
St. John's Street, Pentonville Road, the historic Charterhouse —
where Thackeray received his early training, and which he has
made so famous, as " Greyfriars," in the pages of his inimitable
works — St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell Close and Green, the ancient
burial ground of Bunhill Fields, and the shades of the once
famous St. Chad's and Sadler's Wells — haunts of delight in other
days, scenes reminiscent of illustrious lives.
To-day the place has fallen on evil times ; no green and grassy
lawns give comfort to the footfarer, but shoddy squares and
hovel homes look through lean cheeks on every hand. Poverty
pervades. Vice is resident and regnant. There is no natural or
artificial beauty anywhere, no sight to soften the dismal dirtiness,
no sound to alleviate the depressing misery of its vice. The
borough includes the parishes of Clerkenwell and St. Luke, a
small part of Holborn district, namely the parish of St. Sepulchre
and the liberty of Glasshouse Yard, and the extra parochial place
of the Charterhouse.
The whole borough is fully built over, and is densely populated —
172 persons to the acre, as contrasted with 64 for all London.
Overcrowding prevails. In 1901 in the Holborn parishes 38 per
cent, of the population were overcrowded ; in St. Luke nearly
39 per cent. ; and in Clerkenwell over 44 per cent.,— living in small
tenements with more than two persons in a room. Nearly 80 per
148 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
cent, of the population live in tenements of less tlian five rooms,
and 85 per cent, of the buildings throughout the entire area
consist of such tenements. There are few open spaces in Finsbury.
The total area is 588 acres ; the total area of open spaces is sixteen
acres — for a population of 101,463. Result — death-rate is very high :
namely, in Clerkenwell, in 1901, 20 per 1,000; in St. Luke 23-7 per
1,000; and for the whole borough, 21-3 per 1,000— the third highest
death-rate in London. The population reached its climax in 1861,
and has been since declining. But while the population steadily
decreases, the area available for residence decreases still more
rafjidly owing to the continual extension and development of
business premises on every hand. The rateable value is very high
£956,627, and is on the increase. In area the borough is the
smallest in London, with the exception of Holborn. It has
libraries in Clerkenwell, St. Sepulchre, and Glasshouse Yard ; a
fine town hall in Rosebery Avenue ; and Northampton Institute,
which is both an acquisition and a redeeming feature.
In Clerkenwell the making and dealing in watches, jewelry,
precious stones, and metal-work occupy a great number of the
residents ; in other parts of the borough saddlery, printing, and
tailoring ; while the poorest are market porters, newspaper runners,
ice-cream vendors, mantle-makers, and matchbox-makers. St. Luke
is as noted for its thieves as Clerkenwell is for its watches, and
Saffron Hill for its Italians. St. Luke is the worst criminal quarter
of London — Banner Street, Central Street, Whitecross Street,
Coster's Buildings, and Sunday Market.
Let us see how this multitude attend to religious worship. The
population is 101,463, of whom less than one in fourteen attend any
place of worship on Sunday morning, and less than one in eight at
night.
The Church of England has twenty places of worship within the
borough. Its largest congregation is St. Luke's, Old Street, mostly
children; and at none of its churches can it muster more than
seventy or eighty men at any one service. Some of these churches
are very old, and some historic— for example, the Charterhouse ;
some are very High and ritualistic, such as the Holy Redeemer,
in Clerkenwell, and St. Clement's, in City Road ; in few can it
be truly said that the religious influence is great or really successful.
A variety of unavailing attempts are made to enlarge the attend-
ance — among others, a lantern service on Sunday evenings, as at
St. James', Clerkenwell. So far as numbers are concerned, the
THE PR0BLE:\I of XORTH LONDON 149
three Church of England missions are a complete failure. Clearly,
Finsbury is not a " church "-going people, in spite of the total
attendance throughout the borough, which is only large in con-
sequence of the numerous churches scattered about.
Unquestionably the two greate.st bodies of religious influence
in the borough of Finsbury. rivalling one another in real enthusiasm
and spiritual vigour, are the Bapjtists and the Wesleyans.
The Baptists have only five places within the borough, yet have
a total aggregate Sunday attendance of over 4,000. Out of these,
in the matter of attendances at services, three of them run each
other very close, averaging from 1.000 to 1,200 at each place for
the whole day. These are AVoodbridge Chapel, Vernon Chapel,
King's Cross Road, and Great Arthur Street Chapel.
Woodbridge Baptist Chapel doubtless owes its great success to
the great and indefatigable efforts of Mr. J. Groom. One of its
main objects is a mission to the flower-girls ; and its congregation
is drawn entirely from the working-class population. The place
and its workers form a hive of religious industry and usefulness.
Vernon Chapel, King's Cross Road, is a centre of religious
work well known to those who live around Pentonville and Gray's
Inn Road. Its pastor — a man of the people, robust in belief
and happy in his labours — throws all the force of his life's full
energies into the uplifting of human souls and fitting them for the
fulfilment of the daily duties of an exemplary and idealistic
citizenhood. More and more the members of his flock are of the
surrounding neighbourhood. This is as it should be. "With a
membership of many hundreds, and a weekly attendance of many
hundreds more, and a religion as practical as it is pure and true,
it is no wonder that the Christian life is felt here to be a real
and potent thing. The main principle presented throughout all
the work that is done is that Christ is all-sufficing for every life.
A ii.-cful missionary enterprise is the outcome of this religious life ;
outdoor meetings ; visits and ministrations to the very poor and
the outcast, resulting not infrequently in the reclamation and
reformation of those visited to high ideals and holy living.
Much the same sort of good work is carried on at Great Arthur
Street Baj)ti.st Chapel, where the attendances are equally great.
There the minister, with dauntless hope and radiant faith, has
given fresh life to a waning work ; has recalled to renewed service
dormant energies ; and recharged with inspiring courage hearts
and minds that had grown dull and grey.
150 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Nor can one omit, in passing, the gracious work of " good
Mr. Reuben May," as he is known, in the dispensation of free
food to the poorest of the poor. His own account sa3'^s over a
million destitute men and women from all parts of the world
have received temporal relief and heard the gospel preached to
them. Can this be all in vain ?
When we turn to the Wesleyans we find here, also, three
equally large and successful centres of work.
There is Wesley's Chapel — the Methodist cathedral and shrine, to
which prilgrims and visitors come from all the ends of the earth.
The congregation is continually increased by the presence of inter-
ested strangers. The church has only a small membership, but all
are active workers, and throw themselves into the maintenance of a
most effective missionary work in the shape of a Sunday school,
where the attendance runs from 1,000 to 1,600 at each gathering.
Again, the Central Mission, carried on by the Wesleyans in
St. John's Square, is vigorous, educative, and uplifting. At a
Sunday morning service the attendance is well over 600, and in
the evening reaches 769 — making a total attendance for the day
of 1,289 people, mostly drawn from the surrounding neighbourhood.
Once more, there is the Leysian Mission, in Errol Street — the good
work of the Rev. J. E. Wakerley — founded and sustained by the brains,
sympathies, and energies of the bright intellects of the Leys School,
Cambridge. The mission has an excellent musical force, which is
much enjoyed by the congregation on Sundays and week-days
alike ; and the religious and social influence of men direct from
Cambridge renders the work successful and cheering. The very
lowest and most abandoned are visited and dealt with; while those
who will be rescued find ready hands stretched out to them. New
buildings are now being erected at a very considerable outlay, to
carry on this good work, in City Road.
Among Congregationalists the most successful and important
work is that carried on at Claremont Hall, Pentonville Road. It
is conducted under the auspices of the London Congregational
Union. Its Sunday evening services, which are the best, are
attended by between 600 and 600 people, and the gathering is
increasing. It is a work much needed, carried on in a centre de-
plorable for its destitution and degradation, and it happily reaches
the very poor as well as others. Varied and multitudinous are the
efforts and industries at this place throughout the whole of the week,
all tending to create and deepen the life of comradeship and service.
THE PROBLEM OF NORTH LONDON 151
Nor can this review omit to mention tlie work of tlie Friends
at Bunhill Fields, the site of the Friends' burying ground, where
the tombstone of their leader, George Fox, is still to be seen.
The adult school at this place — a work of truly devout and
educational endeavour — which meets at eight o'clock every Sunday
morning, has a regular attendance of over 450 men. It has been
rightly described as " an oasis in a desert of sin and misery."
The Roman Catholics are strong at St. Peter and St. Paul, Roso-
man Street, the strength mainly consisting in attendance at Sunday
morning Mass, to the number of 1,250; as against an evening attend-
ance of 267, equally divided between men, women, and children.
A few missions of a wholly undenominational character,
scattered through the borough, muster from 200 to 300 at their
Sunday evening meetings, relying more especially upon their
visits and social intercourse throughout the week for good results
of their labours.
CONCLUDING NOTE
We have now completed our rajoid survey of North London. It
remains to sum uj) as briefly as possible its obvious results, and to
make a few concluding observations on the whole.
The first outstanding fact is this, that the Free Churches are
right to the front in the North of London. In every respect — in
point of numbers, in strength of organisation, in new adventure, in
spiritual tone and vigour, and in influence upon the public conduct
and conscience — they lead the way. Their people believe in the
goodness, greatness, and permanence of their cause, and consequently
they support it through thick and thin.
Out of a total of over 400 places of worship throughout the whole
district, more than half belong to Nonconformist bodies, and a little
less than half to the Church of England. Out of the aggregate
attendance at all places throughout entire North London, the
Church of England are many, many thousands behind the Non-
conformist total. In average attendances at their places of worship
the Church of England are a long way from the top. They are
content to go their way, without enterprise, without adventure.
They initiate no new methods for new times, and when we find new
ways at work among them — as occasionally happens — they are
ways already well tried by other denominations. So that in North
London it may be said Nonconformity leads and the Church of
152 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
England follows — but follows slowly. The Church of England, in this
part at least, makes no appeal to the conscience, save through its
prayers and written service. The living appeal of the living man to
living men is so subordinated to litany and liturgy that its effect
is almost valueless. " People, be good," is an excellent summary
of a Church of England sermon — at least, in North London,
notwithstanding certain bright exceptions.
The Church of England as a body, of course, have a larger total
attendance than any other religious body in the North, but then
they have nearly four times as many buildings as any other
denomination throughout the district, while their average atten-
dance is considerably lower than most others. If we seek the
seven strongest bodies to compare and contrast with one another,
they are the Church of England, Baptists, Congregationalists,
Roman Catholics, Wesleyans, Presbyterians, and the Salvation
Army ; and that is the order of their numerical strength. That
is to say, the total attendance at Church of England places through-
out North London is greater than the total attendance at Baptist
places ; and the total attendance at Baptist places is greater than
that at Congregationalist ; and so on. The next body, in point
of numbers, would be the Unitarians, but as their total attendance
does not exceed 1,400 throughout the whole district (as against the
Salvation Army's 4,300), I prefer to omit them in this comparison
of figures. Indeed, it is necessary to omit to mention a great many
smaller bodies scattered throughout the district — such as the United
Methodists, with a total Sunday attendance of 1,400, the Primitive
Methodists with 1000, the Friends with 700, and a few others with
still less ; not because they have no influence, but in order to deal
more fully with those religious forces that have the largest following.
For average attendances at their own places of worship the
Roman Catholics stand first in North London ; they have fifteen
places of worship, and an aggregate attendance of 16,800, which
gives an average attendance of 1,053 at each place. The Wesleyans
have twenty-nine places, and an average attendance of 541. The
Congregationalists have forty places, and an average attendance
of 525. The Baptists have fifty places, and an average attendance
of 442. The Church of England have over 180 places, and an
average attendance of only 4(X). The rest are very much smaller.
Turning to the Free Churches, we find that the Congre-
gationalists and Baptists foot it together. Their numbers are
pretty equal, and their forces and organisations correspondingly
THE PEOBLEM OF NORTH LONDON 153
strong and progressive. Next to these come tlie Wesleyans, con-
siderably less in number than the two denominations just mentioned,
but possessing increasing vigour and strength, and continually
growing. After these come the Presbyterians, with but a third
the number of the Baptists or Congregationalists, yet robust and
influential and a power in North London. The Salvation Army,
with a total Sunday attendance of only 4,300 throughout the
whole of North London, cannot yet have found their element.
They have virtually no place in Hampstead, Finsbury, and Holborn ;
very little in Stoke Newington. Their chief quarters are in
Islington and St. Pancras. Their exclusion from Hampstead is not
to be wondered at ; but in the boroughs of Holborn and Finsbury
the widest of fields are open to them. Even in St. Pancras they
are restricted to Chalk Farm, their only place of any importance
in a borough that extends from Holborn to Highgate Hill, and from
Regent's Park to Gray's Inn Road.
The boroughs of Islington, St. Pancras, Finsbur}'-, and Holborn,
afford great opportunities for the Salvation Army to come in and win.
The strength of the Roman Catholics is narrowly confined
within certain areas. In Stoke Newington they do not count.
They are strongest in Holborn and Islington, and there exclusively
in Clerkenwell and Duncan Terrace— among the illiterate Irish and
Italians — and at Highgate Hill, among a certain section of the rich
and occasional visitors from other parts. The Congregationalists
are strongest throughout Islington and Hampstead, where their
influence may be said to be dominant. In Stoke Newington they
are comparatively meagre, where the Baptists are very strong.
Throughout the whole of St. Pancras and Finsbury they have
scarcely any permanent place of real substance ; while in Holborn
they have no place at all. The Baptists, on the other hand, have
their greatest influence and force in Stoke Newington, Finsbury, and
Holborn. They have little power in St. Pancras, and no good
centres there, except at the two extremes of the borough — one in the
west, one in the far north. In Hampstead they have only two places
of importance, one in the extreme west and one in the east of the
borough ; in neither place is the church well filled. Throughout the
wilderness of Islington the Baptists have scattered many places, but
none of them are great centres of religious life, save always the
illustrious exce^Dtion of Upper Holloway. All things taken
together, they are wonderfully at work in Finsbury, while in
Holborn they have at least three centres most promising and
154 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
progressive, which may be made to throb with abundant life. Both
denominations — the Congregationalists and Baptists — are together
gathering in the people who live in North London. Of the two
it may be that the Congregationalists are socially a little superior,
but taking the whole of the North throughout there is not much
to choose in that respect. During the last ten or fifteen years the
Baptists have considerably improved their financial position, their
people are better off, their churches are better built, and their
ministers better prepared, and somewhat better paid. Both de-
nominations show every sign of becoming together the ruling and
dominant religious jDOwers of North London, flanked and supported
by the worthy aid of the Wesleyans. Greater attention is being
paid to the importance of the most thorough equipment of the men
into whose hands the charge of their Churches is to be given ; and
better men, in every conceivable sense of the epithet, are being
sought and obtained for the work. Mental alertness and elasticity,
deep religious conviction, good sense, sound judgment, accurate
thinking, a spirit of devotion, a knowledge of business affairs,
inexhaustible enthusiasm for work, strength of character, and stabi-
lity of conduct — all these qualities and more are being drilled and
pressed into the service of these denominations, with results cal-
culated to lift the Free Church movement in North London on to
a totally different plane, within the next decade.
But at this moment we are rather concerned with the imme-
diate present. And the question is, What are the causes of
failure or the secrets of success in the case of the present
condition of the Churches in North London ?
To such a question no general answer is available. The cause
of failure or success at one church is not the cause of failure
or success at another church. It is not possible to particularise,
yet it is difficult to enumerate the causes in a way which omits
no kind of church. The great attendance at some few churches
is largely due to the general well-to-do air of the place and of
the minister, to good music and architecture. This applies mainly
to places possessed by the Church of England, but it also applies
to some centres of Nonconformity. In respect of these, the
couplet of Alexander Pope is as fresh as if it had appeared in
yesterday's daily :
... As some to church repair
Not for the doctrine, but the music there.
Again, in commercial affairs we hear of the " good-will " of
THE PEOBLEM OF NORTH LONDON 155
a business — i.e., the benefit wbicli the business derives from the
habit wbicli its customers have of resorting to the old firm.
That is an asset in the value of the business. There are some
churches among all denominations where their people have a
habit of resorting to the old place. When a transfer takes
place, they still resort. They only leave when the goods are
not up to sample in any respect. I call that a kind of spiritual
"good- will." To it some Churches owe their middling success.
In other instances, a thriving missionary work carried on with
a glow and enthusiasm worthy of great admiration, largely con-
duces to maintain the forces of the Church. The Church and
mission act and re-act upon one another. The Church supplies
workers ; the mission sometimes su|)plies converts, or at least an
occasional attendance. But, for the most part, the mission
enlarges the sympathies of the Church workers, welds them into
a kind of co-operative brotherhood, and by increasing the energies
and output of the Church tends to attract worshippers to a
centre where religious life and activity are abundantly expressed.
In some cases efficient and full organisation of Church work is
a strong element of success ; in others, the devotional spirit or
the strong espousal of particular views.
In the case of Roman Catholic places the overwhelmingly large
gatherings in a few centres are entirely due to the celebration
of Mass. Everything begins and ends with that.
In by far the majority of instances where a Church is strong
and influential it will invariably be found that a good man is at
the heart and head of affairs. Indeed, it is foolish and a sign of
insensibility to blink at the fact that the presence of a thoroughly
good man is the life and mainspring of a Church, and that the
presence of an idle or incompetent man (however angelic or saintly)
at the head of things is sooner or later the clog and death of a
Church.
These, then, in brief, are mainly the various causes of success
in North London : good music, " good-will," good instruction, good
organisation, good workers, good missionary enterprise, good sur-
rounding conditions, good men at the head. In the expression
"good men," I use the word "good" not as meaning religious or
devout— for without that quality a man is never fit for his work —
but I rather employ the word in the sense of thorough equipment,
fitness to organise and to instruct, to lead and "manage" others.
"What are the causes of failure in many of these churches ?
156 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Here again it is impossible to give any general answer, nor is the
cause of failure the exact opposite of the cause of success.
With regard to the Church of England, where they fail in North
London it may be attributable to a variety of reasons. Frequently
the whole service is left to an underpaid and incompetent curate
or two, who lack enthusiasm and are glad when the business is
over ; while the affliction of the service is increased by a pathetic
call for funds to repair a dilapidated, ill-lit building, or to support
the sustenance of the very curates whose dulness we deplore.
If the attendances at church, or the sort and amount of district
visitation done by the clergy, be any guide to religious influence,
it may be confidently asserted that the Church of England has
but a very slim hold upon the vast majority of the inhabitants
of St. Pancras and some parts of Islington, and such influence
as they have there is waning.
Too often the services are miserably dull — except for the music —
the reading execrable, and the exhortation a poor platitude, the whole
matter degenerating into a gentlemanly, kid-glove performance.
In other places the surrounding conditions are terribly against
Church work of any kind — run on ordinary lines. Poverty, apathy,
dirt, and distress are overwhelming. Some other than the stereo-
typed performances of most denominations will have to be adopted
if success is to be achieved in these quarters. Again, in some
districts, too many places of the same denomination exist in close
proximity; the forces are divided, and disappointment ensues.
I would here say to every denomination that it is infinitely more
helpful to congregation and to workers to have one or two
thoroughly good centres, well placed, where things thrive and throb,
than a dozen meagre little gatherings in large buildings, which
discourage everyone concerned. Better to have one central place
with a full thousand, than have that thousand divided up into ten
hundreds and distributed among ten places each capable of holding
ten times the attendance. Numbers beget numbers ; numbers
inspire, infect, uplift.
Again, neither in the Church of England nor in many of the
other denominations is there any serious attempt to " expound
the Scriptures.'" A passage is read from the Bible— read in a way
that would make most of us howl with horror and pain if it were
Shakespeare or Milton, but anything is good enough for the Bible
—and no attempt is made to give it its proper setting or to annotate
its luminous sayings.
THE PROBLEM OF NOETH LONDON 157
In some instances the system is at fault. Take tlie Wesleyan
cause in Great Queen Street, Holborn. The very neighbourhood
needs a hero to work in it and hve in it. But it is hopeless and
foolish to suppose that your hero is to be resident or non-resident
there for a brief period of three years, and then flit, leaving such
people to get on as best they can with a new man who is expected
to take up the work just where the other one left it. No, no ! that
will never fill the double-decker galleries of Great Queen Street.
Your hero must live there for life, and learn his people if he would
win them.
Lack of good organisation, faulty and effete methods, lack of
energy and enthusiasm (which mean lack of real live faith), and
a dreadful want of worthy men — these are some further causes of
failure in North London.
The problem presented by many churches left empty and helpless
by the change of surrounding conditions is one that needs courage
and intelligence, but ought to be faced. A London daily paper lately
said : " To the business man with a utilitarian turn of mind, the sight
of a nearly empty church occupying an area worth thousands, or
even tens of thousands of pounds, is simply a source of irritation.
Like the disciple of old, he exclaims, ' To what purpose this waste ?
This site might be sold for much, and used to found a new church
in the suburbs.' "
The observation is a just one, but I differ entirely from the
underlying assumption — namely, the impossibility of filling them.
If any church cannot be made to succeed, certainly let it be
used, or its site sold, for the next best purpose.
In this place I am not concerned with City churches, although
I think there is an open course and way of filling them to the
doors. And no one deplores more than I do the demolition of
the loveliest structures other and greater men have given us.
But so far as North London is affected I am convinced it is
not less churches, but more, that will be wanted in the immediate
future. There is no lack of people to fill and flood all the
churches. The fields are already white unto harvest. The harvest
is plenteous, but the labourers are few. The great lack is the lack
of men. Better men and braver methods — those are the great
needs of North London where success is wanting.
People are tired of listening to platitudes, and the droning of
colourless creeds. They are weary of the monotony of singing
doggerel rhymes and saying perfunctory prayers. Most of aU,
158 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
they feel unmoved by the travesty of the gospel perpetually
presented in some quarters. It is a plaster-image Jesus, terrible
or inane in aspect, that men so frequently have put before them,
instead of the living Christ brought face to face with living
men to help, to heal, and to dwell with them.
Six or seven churches in Gray's Inn Road and aU of them.
three-parts empty ; while the neighbourhood swarms with life,
but no one ready to use it !
Throughout the poor parishes of the north there are a few
sturdy workers — mostly independent of the Churches— who under-
stand and help to raise the poor. But for the most part these
parishes are left utterly alone by the Churches, without comrade-
ship, but for some mild little mission feebly organised and incom-
petently conducted. Very few of the religious workers among
the poor in these parishes are really in earnest, and fewer still
have the least idea of the needs and natures of the people, or
care to study them scientifically and patiently, as they would
study animals or other objects, with a view to adopting methods
likely to make for successful ends. And so, everywhere,
The hungi-y sheep look up, and are not fed,
But swol'n with wind and the rank mist they draw,
Rot inwardly, and foul contagion spread;
Besides what the grim wolf with privy paw
Daily devours apace — and nothing said.
It is the same with other classes ; many of the ministers in
charge of other churches have no knowledge of the kind or
quantum of difficulties against which City men have daily to
contend ; and, therefore, no sympathy ; and, therefore, cannot give
courage or help for City trouble and toil.
The sight of a dull black coat and the whitest of ties will
never suffice for the sadness and hunger men ever endure. But
the touch of a soul that has suffered and felt, and has gathered
strength out of sorrow — that is a living force to bind and to lift.
What infinite, untold loss lies at the doors of dull, incompetent
pastors ! — the men who are lazy in body and brain, who lack
imagination, and are content if once a week they can rise to the
supremo effort of lazily delivering their barren souls of ill-con-
ceived, half-formed creatures plaintively known as " sermons."
No originality, no life, not even consecutiveness of thought, a mental
aberration upon a text or passage taken at random, interspersed
with familiar phrases that have no bearing on the subject-matter
THE PROBLEM OF NORTH LONDON 159
in hand ; and all of it emptied out, like a pail of odds and ends,
over the helpless heads of the hearers.
We are always hearing the cry, " Back to Jesus ! " Yes,
but when will it be ? Jesus used his brains and his body for
men ; he lived and died for men. These men do none of it. He
fastened on individual souls and saved them with the strength of
His own great soul. He healed bodies, broke down customs and
conventions, gave great hope to the sad, Hved with the poor, lifted
His voice aloud against the wrongs of the rich, set His face against
sin, and bled and died to destroy it. These men do none of it.
I know one man who has been in the ministry nearly forty
years. He has no message of helpfulness, is unacquainted with
the needs and ways of men around him, and finds it the utmost
difficulty to prepare two sermons a week. If he has always been
as insurpassably dull and as supremely deadening as I have known
him during the last decade, the pity is he was never set to
hoe the ground. And many are like unto him.
When will these ministers be done with their random texts
and tags of belief, and give heed to the accurate study and
reading of some portion or book of the Bible ? When shall they
read this Book as the record of human souls in their struggle
towards the Light ? And when will they study souls as they
work and wrestle to-day ? When shall the Scriptures be taught^
and the living Book unmasked as a loving Faith for men ?
When will they break up the monotony of forms, and beat out
new paths of practical help ?
Oh, this work so incomparably great, so unspeakably mighty,
richer than earth's best love, braver than all our contriving,
when will men fear to touch it unless they can bring the best it
can have, the travail sweat of mind, the toil of body and soul,
and the agony throes of the spirit ?
I still beheve in heroism, in a ghostly heroism of souls that
will do and adventure for Christ, of men and women great enough
to go down and live with men and win them by the witchery of a
true and timeless comradeship — a chivalrous comradeship of souls,
a mighty multitude of brave folk, full of faith in God and men,
a sort of holy friarhood of men, working to leaven and lift the
world, forever charmed and cheered by the courage of Christ,
by-
The glow of a presence, a vision of wonder,
The crowning of hope, the face of the King.
160 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
For the multitudinous host of men will wander and never
rest till they find somewhere the true and holy Church of the
comradeship of love.
The other evening, when the lamp was lit, my little girl told
me a "good-night" story of her own invention. She said a little
boy had left his home and wandered through narrow lanes, alone,
unhapp3^, away and away, until at length he came out into a big
and busy place that went to the great, deep sea. And there near
the shore were seven great churches, and some were full and
some were empty. And the little boy went in and out of the
churches, all unhappy, in the daytime and the night, not knowing
where to go, until in one of them he saw the head and face of
his father. And there he rested.
Even so we poor waifs that wander through alley and street
may never rest, until, in the midst of life's busiest way, within
sound of its turbulent sea, in the one great Church of Love, we
look on the face of Our Father.
Borough of Stoke Newingtoii
CHURCH OP ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
St. Andrew's, Bethune Rd.
181
372
143
696
175
309
57
541
1,237
All Saints', Green Lanes
68
71
81
220
80
112
48
240
460
St. Faith's, Londesboro' Rd.
55
68
58
181
52
84
26
162
343
St. John's, Brownswood Pk.
48
97
54
199
60
106
27
193
392
St. Mary's, Church Street .
173
277
81
531
184
332
116
632
1,163
Old Parish Church, Ch. St.
79
132
49
260
93
174
31
298
558
St. Matthias', Wordsworth
Road
58
71
121
250
55
128
81
264
514
St. 01ave's,'Woodberry Down
121
250
105
476
97
209
42
348
824
Total ....
783
1,338
692
2,813
796
1,454
428
2,678
5,491
Church of England Missions
Holy Redeemer, 106, Ch. St.
Holy Redeemer, Defoe Rd.
St. Mary's, 2, Chapel Place
"22
"30
234
286
9
47
4
9
126
6
163
69
181
242
10
181
528
10
Total ....
22
30
234
286
60
141
232
433
719
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Green Lanes
Finsbury Park
Amhurst Park
Matthias Road .
92
218
85
32
132
231
85
9
59
181
99
95
283
630
269
136
96
183
85
55
151
269
91
168
38
43
75
118
285
495
251
341
568
1,125
520
477
Total ....
427
457
434
1,318
419
679
274
1,372
2,690
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Victoria Grove, High Street 14 9 58 81 13 24 82 119 200
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Castle Street
34
21
74
129
44
59
39
142
271
BAPTIST CHURCH
iDevonshire Square Chapel .
Woodberry Down Chapel .
Bouverie Road
Wordsworth Road
Total ....
176
143
12
15
219
152
20
22
205
179
38
33
600
474
70
70
199
227
17
29
410
362
31
56
82
164
27
17
691
753
75
102
1,291
1,227
143
173
346
413
455
1,214
472
859
290
1,621
2,835
161
11
162
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
congregationaIj church
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
ToUl.
j Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Raleigh Memorial, Albion
Road
Abney Chapel, Church St. .
Webh Chapel, Barrett's Gr.
46
147
7
201
4
94
141
1
190
489
12
1
45
112
16
89
251
24
33
62
14
167
425
54
357
914
66
Total ....
2W)
255
236
691
173
364
109
646
1,337
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Manor Road .
116 173
82 371 112 149
19 280 651
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS
Meeting House, Park Street
37
58
103
21
51
UNITARIAN CHURCH
Newington Green
33
26
107
166
24
35
21
80
BRETHREN
Hall, Defoe Road
Abney Hall, 35a, Church St.
19
19
29
29
8
5
56
53
20
16
29
27
3 52
4 47
j 108
100
Total ....
38
58
13
109
36
56
7 99
208
SALVATION ARMY
85, High Street .
Milton Road
32
27
49
54
33
72
114
153
50
38
131
143
68
100
249
281
363
434
Total ....
59
103
105
267
88 274
168
530
797
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Our Lady of Good Counsel,
Bouverie Road .
118
164
63
345
17
29
53
OTHER SERVICES
Spiritualists, 99, Wiesbaden
Road
Walford Hall, Walford Rd.
7
5
5
5
25
92
37
102
98
16
110
56
20
43
228
115
265
217
Total ....
12
10
117
139
114
166
63
343
482
NORTH LONDON— STOKE NEWINGTON
163
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Church of England
783
1,338
692
2,813
796
1,454
428
2,678
5,491
„ „ Missions
22
30
234
286
60
141
232
433
719
Wesleyan Meth. Church
427
457
434
1,318
419
679
274
1,372
2,690
U. Meth. Free Church .
14
9
58
81
13
24
82
119
200
Primitive Meth. Church
34
21
74
129
44
59
39
142
271
Baptist Church .
346
413
455
1,214
472
859
290
1,621
2,835
Congregational Church
200
255
236
691
173
364
109
646
1,337
Presbyterian Church .
116
173
82
371
112
149
19
280
651
Society of Friends
37
58
8
103
24
27
51
154
Unitarian Church
33
26
107
166
24
35
21
80
246
Brethren
38
58
13
109
36
56
7
99
208
Salvation Army .
59
103
105
267
88
274
168
530
797
Roman Catholic Church
118
164
63
345
17
29
7
53
398
Other Services
12
10
117
139
114
166
63
343
482
Jewish Church
108
152
83
343
...
...
343
Grand Totals .
2,347
3,267
2,761
8,375
2,392
4,316
1,739
8,447
16,822
i
o.
o
Oh
o
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o
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s
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o
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80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
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Other Services
Borough of Hampstead
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MOKNING.
EVENING.
Total.
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Cbldrn.
Total.
All Souls' . . . .
55
168
71
294
53
162
33
248
542
Christ Church
106
277
114
497
90
258
64
412
909
St. Mary the Virgin's .
79
224
104
407
62
149
30
241
648
Emmanuel Church
101
215
109
425
68
223
49
340
765
St. Cuthbert's
65
106
47
218
45
80
24
149
367
St. James's ....
87
167
105
359
80
181
32
293
652
St. John's, Downshire Hill.
49
111
12
172
39
84
2
125
297
St. John's, Church Row
129
283
283
695
137
198
172
507
1,202
St. Luke's ....
83
124
93
300
74
143
63
280
580
St. Mary's ....
99
300
32
431
118
302
32
452
883
St. Paul's, Avenue Road
93
197
82
372
49
99
39
187
559
St. Peter's ....
101
249
48
398
30
72
23
125
523
St. Saviour's
43
73
23
139
45
59
22
126
365
St. Stephen's, Hmpstd. Gn.
58
121
122
301
53
134
55
242
543
St. Stephen-the-Martyr's .
56
66
18
140
33
46
20
99
239
Trin. Church, Finchley Rd.
87
348
46
481
85
351
34
470
951
Total ....
1,291
3,029
1,309
5,629
1,061
2,541
694
4,296
9,925
Church of England Missions
St. Augustine's .
St. Cuthbert's
St. James's .
St. Saviour's
Trinity
Bickersteth Memorial Hall
North End .
Total .
23
46
119
45
194
42
142
79
263
112
12
30
24
48
15
36
47
212
171
15
95
68
100
32
80
105
495
15
95
68
142
32
222
184
758
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Quex Road .
High Street, Hampstead
Gospel Oak .
Total .
197
225
106
37
100
243
282
119
264
665
230
62
117
409
147
134
208
489
96
409
217
368
994
691
336
632
1,659
BAPTIST CHURCH
Brondesbury Chapel .
Ebenezer Chapel, Kilburn .
Ebenezer Chapel, New End.
Heath Street Chapel .
Total . . . .
195
101
17
15
120
253
98
221 i
43
29
253
546
121
14
11
97
243
233
25
20
148
426
46
84
387
44
31
291
753
608
87
60
544
1,299
Baptist Mission
Brondesbury Hall
66
165
70
22
77
75
174
244
166
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
CONGREaATIONAIi CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Lyndhurst Road .
New College Chapel .
West Hanipstead Church .
329
43
63
469
68
59
90
"40
888
111
162
325
25
81
541
61
102
28
"27
894
86
210
1,782
197
372
Total ....
435
596
130
1,161
431
704
55
1,190
2,351
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Oxenden Church .
Trinity Church .
Mission Hall, Frognal Lane.
Rondu Road, Cricklewood .
35 1 35
40 64
34 70
46 86
86
15
33
55
156
119
137
187
44
46
28
62
66
94
23
101
11
5
6
23
121
145
57
186
277
264
194
373
Total ....
155 255
189
599
180
284
45
509
1,108
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Ebenezer Church, Mill Lane.
15
20
28
63
22
45
22
89
152
UNITARIAN-
CHURCH
Rosslyn Hill Chapel .
Quex Road, Kilburn .
45
16
89
17
4
3
138
36
27
18
37
28
1
2
65
48
203
84
Total ....
61
106
7
174
45
65
3
113
287
SALVATION ARMY
Oriel Hall .
Barracks, Ridge Mews
Total .
21
2
24
1
10
4
55
7
26
19
78
16
17
22
121
57
23
25
14
62
45
94
39
178
176
64
240
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS
Willoughby Road
14
20
20
BRETHREN
Gospel Hall, Fleet Mews .
192, Broadhurst Gardens .
18
42
4
47
2
21
19
110
25
25
37
37
24
20
86
82
105
192
Total ....
55
51
23
129
50
74
44
168
297
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Church of the Sacred Heart.
St. Mary's, Holly Place ,
244
63
593
139
258
45
1,095
247
54
167
36
257
1,352
247
Total ....
307
732
303
1,342
54
167
36
257
1,599
London City Mission, King's
College Mews .
Hampstead Ethical Society.
Total . . . .
OTHER SERVICES
"32
"23
"55
9
35
4
48
32
23
55
9
35
4
48 i
48
55
103
NORTH LONDON— HAMPSTEAD
167
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MOllNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
1,291
3,029
1,309
5,629
1,061
2,541
694
4,296
9,925
„ „ Missions
23
46
194
263
112
212
171
495
758
Wesleyan Meth. Church
197
225
243
665
409
489
96
994
1,659
Baptist Church .
195
253
98
546
243
426
84
753
1,299
„ Mission
3
1
66
70
22
77
75
174
244
Congregational Church.
435
596
130
1,161
431
704
55
1,190
2,351
Presbj^terian Church .
155
255
189
599
180
284
45
509
1,108
Primitive Meth. Church
15
20
28
63
22
45
22
89
152
Unitarian Church.
61
106
7
174
45
65
3
113
287
Salvation Army .
23
25
14
62
45
94
39
178
240
Society of Friends
5
14
1
20
20
Brethren
55
51
23
129
50
74
44
168
297
Roman Catholic Church
307
732
303
1,342
54
167
36
257
1,599
Other Services
32
23
55
9
35
4
48
103
Jewish Church
361
317
220
898
898
Grand Totals .
3,158
5,693
2,825
11,676
2,683
5,213
1,368
9,264
20,940
3
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80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
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Population Roman Catholic
Other Services
BlacH
Blue — Evening
Population
All Churches ^ Church of Bns:land ^ Nonconformist
Roman Catholii
Other Services
Borough of Islington
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women
Chldm.
Total.
Christ Church, Highbury .
53
151
66
270
58
123
76
257
527
St. Augustine's, Highbury .
168
390
220
778
236
466
20
722
1,500
St. John's, Highbury .
64
110
66
240
80
196
34
310
550
St. Saviour's, Aberdeen Pk.
72
84
49
205
49
64
27
140
345
St. Barnabas', Holloway
48
70
56
174
69
113
49
231
405
Emmanuel, Holloway .
40
28
25
93
38
61
54
153
246
St. James', Holloway .
164
265
48
477
286
518
62
866
1,343
St. Mary ilagdalene's, Hol-
loway ....
131
165
109
495
211
433
104
748
1,243
St. Stephen's, Upper Hol-
loway ....
20
32
24
76
34
73
54
161
237
St. David's, Holloway .
24
24
71
119
36
62
33
131
250
St. Luke's, West Holloway
77
128
62
267
79
141
48
268
535
St. Mary's, Upper Street .
64
180
39
283
90
162
74
326
609
All Saints', King's Cross
26
22
39
87
44
58
60
162
249
Holy Trinity, CloudesleySq.
94
110
156
360
96
290
90
476
836
St. Andrew's, Thornhill Sq.
67
69
83
219
69
155
124
348
567
St. Bartholomew's, Shep-
perton Road .
9
11
76
96
18
25
40
83
179
St. James the Apostle's,
Prebend Street
27
25
65
117
32
67
74
173
290
St. John the Baptist's,
Cleveland Road
33
57
29
119
49
127
44
220
339
St. Jude's, Mildmay Park .
113
228
95
436
101
246
38
385
821
St. Matthew's, Essex Road
41
72
84
197
66
155
54
275
472
St. Matthias', Caledonian
Road ....
8
14
68
90
20
44
36
100
190
St. Michael's, Bingfield St.
39
46
2&5
370
40
78
71
189
559
St. Peter's, Devonshire St. .
67
92
186
345
80
203
71
354
699
St. Philip's, Arlington Sq. .
34
43
106
183
50
115
106
271
454
St. Stephen's, Canonbury
Road
35
62
55
152
72
119
90
281
433
St. Thomas', Barnsbury
30
30
40
100
51
98
25
174
274
St. Paul's, Essex Road
137
232
136
505
122
266
163
551
1,056
St. Thomas', Finsbury Pk.
121
188
186
495
95
281
67
443
938
St. Clement's, Barnsbury .
33
50
51
134
61
115
56
232
366
St. Mary's, Hornsey Rise .
91
146
68
305
77
145
30
252
557
St. Matthew's, City Road .
40
53
127
220
62
84
99
245
465
St. Peter's, Dartmouth Pk.
HiU
60
97
115
272
102
209
150
461
733
St. Anne's, Finsbury Park .
55
64
61
180
47
77
127
251
431
St. Andrew's, Highgate
91
181
79
351
97
218
48
363
714
St. George's, Tufnell Park .
116
208
104
428
96
201
38
335
763
St. Mark's, Tollington Park
84
130
87
301
84
199
44
327
628
St. Savioiur's, Tollington Pk.
137
179
112
428
109
258
56
423
851
St. John's, Upper Holloway
144
214
274
632
183
410
159
752
1,384
AU Saints', Tufnell Park .
101
125
73
299
123
219
48
390
689
St. Paul's, Upjaer Holloway
81
118
55
254
79
167
45
291
545
St. Padarn's (Welsh), Horn-
sey Road ....
4
3
6
13
1"
17
16
50
63
Total ....
2,843
4,496
3,826
11,165
3,408
7,058
2,704
13,170
24,335
169
170
THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Church of England Missions
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
rHTTRHH
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
St. George's, Holloway
4
4
(il
69
10
26
31
67
136
St. Mary's, Hornsey Road
9
11
94
114
50
45
11
106
220
St. Anne's, Palmerston Rd
6
•>
92
100
4
5
98
107
207
St. John's, Holloway .
11
2(i
7
44
44
St. Paul's, Hollowaj' .
14
7
61
82
23
18
117
158
240
St. Luke's, North Road
1
3
30
34
20
19
24
63
97
St. Matthew's, Upper Hoi
loway
3
G
80
89
6
23
20
49
138
St. Andrew's, Highgate
4
3
39
46
12
21
25
58
104
St. Peter's Schls., Highgat
:» ')
5
212
219
219
St. Stephen's Hall, Hollowa
Y 2
45
47
47
St. Andrew's, East Street
2
8
65
75
75
St. George's, Holloway
2
1
24
27
1
4
40
45
72
St. John's, Twyford Street
5
4
80
89
89
St. Mark's, Hornsey Road
4
f!
73
83
20
35
22
77
160
St. Matthew's Church Room
Ecclesbourne Road .
1 26
60
52
138
138
St. Barnabas', Queenslanc
Road.
2
3
52
57
26
25
105
156
213
St. John's, Highbury .
3
11
8
22
22
St. James', Britannia Rov
3
2
46
51
51
St. Jude's, King Henry St
5
22
9
36
36
St. John the Baptist, Jams
Street
18
34
19
71
71
St. Jude's Schools, King
Henry's Walk .
1
7
80
88
7
3
63
73
161
St. James' Lecture Hall
Eden Grove
(5
7
93
100
34
65
44
143
249
AH Saints' Mission (St. Johr
the Evangelist's), Copen
hagen Street) .
f)
2
113
121
16
44
80
140
201
All Saints', Thornhill Bdge
Place
4
4
95
103
9
28
150
187
290
St. David's, Holloway
7
4
39
50
50
All Saints', Crinan Street
11
24
31
66
66
Wall Street Mission .
13
24
12
49
49
Rosemary Street Mission
3
8
100
111
24
129
66
219
330
Total .
73
79
1,344
1,496
366
709
1,264
2,339
3,835
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Archway Road
Holly Park .
Hornsey Road
Gillespie Road, Highbury
Liverpool lioad .
Windsor Street .
Drayton Park
Caledonian Road .
Mildmay Park
Total .
94
106
43
10
64
13
24
52
128
534
125
123
58
11
77
8
50
34
119
605
223
^^58
100
98
126
32
65
65
154
921
442
287
201
119
267
53
139
151
401
2,060
107
97
94
27
93
16
50
57
97
638
185
130
196
45
170
32
86
88
161
1,093
81
25
117
19
101
9
59
68
73
asz
373
252
407
91
364
57
195
213
331
2,283
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Anatola Road, Dartmouth
Park Hill .
32
13
97
142
60
73
32
165
307
Durham Ro.ul, Holloway .
19
9
39
67
23
29
6
58
125
Caledonian Road .
39
26
30
95
69
130
52
251
346
Ellwood St., Highbury Vale
15
10
20
45
18
14
10
42
87
Miss. Chaiwl, Horn.sey Rd.
13
21
10
44
26
58
19
103
147
Total ....
118
79
196
393
196
304
119
619
1,012
NORTH LONDON— ISLINGTON
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
171
CHUECH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Charlotte St., Caledonian
Road
58
43
85
180
188
228
15
431
617
METHODIST NEW CONNEXION
Packington Street
28
24
40
92
51
63
32
146
238
WELSH CALVINISTIC METHODIST CHURCH
Sussex Road, Holloway
Wilton Squai-e
33
48
27
28
14
19
74
95
84
117
114
99
22
16
220
232
294
327
Total ....
81
55
33
169
201
213
38
452
621
BAPTIST CHURCH
Elthorne Road, Hornsey .
13
23
31
67
15
26
4
45
112
Cross Street ....
48
49
55
152
57
83
42
182
334
Highbury Place .
58
61
41
160
47
90
10
147
307
Salters' Hall, Essex Road .
90
120
75
285
112
250
110
472
757
Wilton Square
12
10
15
37
13
37
12
62
99
Brewery Road
63
54
102
219
94
1.54
81
329
548
Highbury Hill .
58
86
272
416
87
139
76
302
718
Hornsey Road
23
32
15
70
32
89
25
146
216
Tollington Park .
9
7
3
19
9
16
1
26
45
Upper Holloway .
177
275
262
714
330
523
290
1,143
1,857
Hazelville Road .
38
45
83
166
69
104
29
202
368
Providence Place Hall
12
5
46
63
21
38
19
78
141
Lavina Grove
7
38
8
53
53
Total ....
601
767
1,000
2,368
893
1,587
707
3,187
5,555
Baptist Missions
Goodinge Road, Fakenham
Street ....
Drovers' Hall, North Road
Rupert Road, Holloway
1
7
'47
"55
6
31
28
11
35
78
9
53
39
26
119
145
26
119
200
Total ....
1
7
47
55
65
124
101
290
345
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Arundel Square .
30
45
95
170
62
85
85
232
402
Barnsbury Street
27
47
39
113
146
230
121
497
610
Britannia Row
18
21
64
103
30
73
36
139
242
Caledonian Road .
33
23
53
109
50
90
89
229
338
Hare Court ....
103
107
37
247
99
70
14
183
430
Offord Road
27
42
61
130
39
59
40
138
268
Gifford Street Hall .
12
13
25
50
58
112
229
399
449
River Street
7
1
11
19
25
34
27
86
105
Union, Upper Street, N.
222
249
315
786
195
293
120
608
1,.394
Upper Street, N.
101
121
100
322
127
201
392
720
1,042
Camden Road
30
57
17
104
50
108
21
179
283
Junction Road, Holloway .
124
134
158
416
169
279
58
506
922
New Court ....
270
287
177
734
239
362
32
633
1,367
Highbury Quadrant .
234
278
68
580
292
358
33
683
1,263
Finsbury Park
180
204
105
489
339
537
07
943
1,432
Total . . . .
1,418
1,629
1,325
4,372
1,920
2,891
1,364
6,175
10,547
172
THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Congregational Missions
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
ToUl.
Day.
Lennox Road
Blenheim Road, Holloway .
Myrtle Street
Morton Road Hall
5
12
10
2
15
13
59
(;9
102
66
96
125
44
30
32
19
69
68
69
38
140
58
41
329
253
1.56
142
386
319
252
267
386
Total ....
27
30
230
287
125
244
568
937
1,224
CAT.vnsrisTic ijstdependent church
Regent Street, Thane Villas
Aged Pilgrims' Asj'lum,
Hazelville Road
45
51
15
111
5-1
8
102
48
28
184
56
295
56
Total ....
45
51
15
111
62
150
28
240
351
PRESBYTERIAK" CHURCH
Crouch Hill, Holly Park .
283
313
184
780
297
410
67
774
1,554
Caledonian, Holloway Road
24
23
10
57
48
71
18
137
194
Trinity Ch. Rd., Canonbury
17
24
36
77
41
75
33
149
226
Grosvenor Road, Highbury
New Park
76
99
29
204
74
78
7
1.59
363
Colebrooke Row .
113
118
23
254
169
227
33
429
683
Total ....
513
577
282
1,372
629
861
158
1,648
3,020
Presbjrterian
Missions
Andover Rd., Hornsey Rd.
Thrift Hall, Grovedale Rd.
14
4
16
5
105
88
135
97
57
7
88
11
170
22
315
40
450
137
Total ....
18
21
193
232
64
99
192
355
587
BRETHREN
Eversleigh Street Hall, Tol-
lington Park
11
14
o
27
12
13
10
35
62
HazelviUe Room, Holloway
35
64
24
123
34
59
21
114
237
Pembroke Street Hall
7
13
3
23
8
16
19
43
66
Park Hall, Blackstock Rd.
19
22
(5
47
21
25
6
52
99
Wedinore St. Meeting Room
7
4
11
6
13
6
25
36
Park Street Hall .
53
82
26
161
42
94
23
159
320
Terret's Place Room .
15
19
5
39
8
25
33
72
Barnsbury Road Room
14
12
26
15
21
6
42
68
Junction Road Christian
Assembly Rooms
18
12
11
41
21
52
31
104
145
Canonbury Hall .
2
3
2
7
8
16
1
25
32
Duncombe Road .
6
5
1
12
11
9
5
25
37
Total ....
187
250
80
517
186
343
128
657
1,174
SOCIETY OP FRIENDS
Meeting House, Mercer's
Road, Holloway
20
12
36
15
12
27
UNITARIAN
CHURCH
Highgate Hill
Upper Street
35
29
90
30
21
5
146
64
40
32
51
32
13
11
104
75
250
139
Total ....
64
120
26
210
72
83
24
179
389
NORTH LONDON— ISLINGTON
173
CHRISTADELPHIAH" CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Cbldrn.
Total.
for the
Day.
Wellington Hall, Almeida
Street ....
Barnsbury Street Hall
Mornington Hall .
WortleyHall
17
26
30
25
29
24
32
24
2
4
5
6
48
54
67
55
25
20
25
27
27
21
36
32
5
3
8
14
57
44
69
73
105
98
136
128
Total . . . .
98
109
17
224
97
116
30
243
467
SANDEMANIAN CHURCH
Furlong Rd. Meeting Room
Highbury Crescent Meeting
Room ....
10
16
17
17
9
12
36
45
13
5
19
8
5
12
37
25
73
70
Total ....
26
34
21
81
18
27
17
62
143
NEW
JERUSALEM CHURCH
Camden Road, Holloway .
Devonshire Street
54
7
62
6
40
19
156
32
45
16
48
21
1
20
94
57
250
89
Total ....
61
68
59
188
61
69
21
151
339
FOREIGN PROTESTANT SERVICES
Fowler Road, Cross Street .
63
38
18
119
26
31
58
CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC (
CHURCH
Gloucester Road .
Duncan Street
•
63
78
72
87
34
35
169
200
47
43
49
48
13
33
109
124
278
324
Total .
141
159
69
369
90
97
46
233
602
SALVATION ARMY
Almeida Street .
29
22
53
104
63
118
28
209
313
Junction Road, Holloway .
101
62
94
257
106
257
272
635
892
Ronalds Road
44
38
30
112
59
132
93
284
396
Hornsey Road ,
2
1
15
18
3
1
60
64
82
Finsbury Park Hall, Station
Road
29
18
8
55
54
97
13
164
219
Temperance Hall, Church
Passage, Upper Street .
2
37
39
2
6
48
56
95
Total ....
207
141
237
585
287
611
514
1,412
1,997
EVANGELISTIC MISSIOl^ SERVICES
Conference Hall, Mildmay
Park
236
309
43
588
763
1,687
275
2,725
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Joseph's Retreat, High-
gate Hill ....
Sacred Heart, Eden Grove,
Holloway ....
St. John the Evangelist's,
Duncan Terrace
383
256
347
570
367
469
280
238
404
1,233
861
1,220
110
41
67
176
72
110
43
35
33
329
148
210
1,562
1,009
1,430
Total ....
986
1,406
922
3,314
218
358
111
687
4,001
174
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
OTHER SERVICES
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Womei
1. Chldrn
Total.
Men.
Women
Chldm
Total.
Railway Miss., Goodwin St
20
18
38
38
Gospel Samaritan, Grove
Koad ....
4
4
2
10
7
22
5
34
44
Holloway Road Hall .
78
120
127
331
331
Myddleton Hall, Almeida
Street ....
36
Go
17
118
118
Ruffords Row Mission, Cole-
brooke Row
2
18
20
11
20
3
34
54
Seventh Daj' Adventists,
Buncombe Road
19
24
7
50
50
Jubilee Hall (for the Blind),
Hanley Road .
17
52
2
71
71
^Medical jNIiss., Windsor St.
25
43
182
250
250
Hornsey Rd. Mission Room
5
11
2
18
18
Bethan, Drayton Park
10
32
3
45
45
Y.M.C.A., 198, Upper St.
10
11
2
23
23
Palmer's Place Mission,
Drayton Park .
8!)
6
95
17
26
47
90
185
Albany Place Mission .
4
1
'72
77
11
25
20
56
133
St. Thomas' Hall, Gillespie
Road
2
1
G
9
8
8
4
20
29
Ethical Soc, Stanley Hall .
58
32
20
110
110
Spiritualists, 19, Stroud Gn.
Road. ....
7
7
1
15
15
Spiritualists, 51, Monsell
Road
10
12
12
Deaf and Dumb Services
11
"s
... 14
10
9
"3
22
36
Total ....
170
47
118
335
301
501
425
1,227
1,562
DENOMINATIONAL
TOTALS
MORNING. 1
EVENING.
Total
TIRKOMTTCATTOM
)
for the
Day.
xjinxj \jj3i.xi^t .a.± i.\ji^ .
Men.
Women. Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women. 1 Chldm.
Total.
Church of England
2,843
4,496 i 3,826
11,165
3,408
7,058 2,704
13,170
24,335
„ „ Missions
73
79' 1,344
1,496 !
366
709
1,264
2,339
3,835
Wesleyan Meth. Church
534
605 921
2,060 1
638
1,093
552
2,283
4,343
Primitive Meth. Church
118
79
196
393
196
304
119
619
1,012
U. Meth. Free Church.
58
43
85
186
188
228
15
431
617
Meth. New Connexion.
28
24
40
92
51
63
32
146
238
Cal. Meth. Meth. Church
81
55
33
169
201
213
38
452
621
Baptist Church
601
767 1
1,000
2,368
893
1,587
707
3,187
5,555
„ Missions .
1
7{
47
55
65
124
101
290
345
Congregational Church
1,418
1,629 !
1,325
4,372
1,920
2,891
1,364
6,175
10,547
,, Missions
27
30
230
287
125
244
568
937
1,224
Cal.IndependentChurch
45
51
15
111
62
150
28
240
351
Presbyterian Church .
513
577
282
1,372
629
861
158
1,648
3,020
„ Missions .
18
21
193
232
64
99
192
355
587
Brethren
187
250
80
517
186
343
128
657
1,174
20
12
4
36
15
12
...
27
63
Unitarian Church
64
120
26
210
72
83
"24
179
389
Christadelphian Church
98
109
17
224
97
116
30
243
467
Sandemanian Church .
26
34
21
81
18
27
17
62
143
New Jerusalem Church
61
68
59
188
61
69
21
151
339
Foreign Prot. Services .
63
38
18
119 1
26
31
1
58
177
Cath. Apostolic Church.
141
159
69
369 ,
90
97
46
233
602
Salvation Army .
207
141
237
585 '
287
611
514
1,412
1,997
Evan. Mission Services
236
309
43
588
763
1,687 275
2,725
3,313
Roman Catholic Church
986
1,406
922
3,314
218
358 111
687
4,001
Other Services
170
47 I
118
335 1
301
501 425
1,227
1,562
Jewish Church
500
379 1
266
1,145
1 -
...
1,145
Grand Totals .
:»,117 1
1,535 j]
1,417 a
2,069 ]
10,940
19,559 9,434 ;
39,933 I
72,002
Population Roman Catholic
Other Services
Roman Catholic
Other Services
Borough of St. Pancras
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
All Hallows, Gospel Oak .
72
187
183
442
109
276
08
453
895
All Saints', Gordon Square .
17
15
20
52
19
30
13
02
114
St. Ann's, Highgate Rise .
52
181
60
293
62
60
21
149
442
Holy Trinity, Highgate Hill.
70
89
74
233
113
243
100
456
689
Holy Trinity, Gray's Inn Rd.
25
21
27
73
45
68
32
145
218
Chapel of the Boys' Home,
Regent's Park Road.
22
41
124
187
7
21
106
134
321
Christ Church, Albany St.
58
148
244
450
56
144
45
245
695
Kentish Town Parish Ch. .
80
127
153
360
116
256
113
485
845
St. Pancras Holy Cross,
Euston Road .
31
46
137
214
39
95
36
170
384
Christ Church, Somers Town
14
22
40
76
19
39
23
81
157
St. Andrew's, Maiden Road
49
52
81
182
60
137
41
244
426
St. Bartholomew's, Gray's
Inn Road ....
25
25
38
88
15
48
21
84
172
St. Bede's, Hampstead Rd.
2
8
11
21
21
Old St. Pancras, St. Pancras
^ Road
33
29
90
152
36
78
39
153
305
St. Katherine's Chapel,
Gloucester Gate
44
58
66
108
168
St. Barnabas', Kentish Town
Road
38
60
44
142
62
149
5U
261
403
St.^Benet and All Saints',
Kentish Town .
49
75
89
213
54
89
53
196
409
St. John the Evangelist's,
Haverstock Hill
9
14
22
45
9
18
18
45
90
St. John the Evangelist's,
Fitzroy Square
14
33
52
99
34
65
74
173
272
St. Jude's, Gray's Inn Road.
31
35
105
171
35
91
58
184
355
St. James's, Hampste;id Rd.
49
29
95
173
30
52
44
126
299
St. Mary's, Somers Town .
24
20
51
95
33
40
31
104
199
St. Mary Brookfield's, Dart-
mouth Park Hill
61
107
154
322
73
120
69
202
584
St. Mary Magdalene's,
Osnaburgh Street
214
224
268
706
73
257
49
379
1,085
St. Mark's, St. Mark's Sq. .
.60
146
85
297
100
185
55
340
637
St. Martin's, Kentish Town
55
86
42
183
88
186
59
333
516
St. Matthew's, Oakley Sq. .
28
45
135
208
32
69
45
140
354
St. Michael's, Highgate Hill
124
236
167
527
88
130
61
279
806
St. Michael's, Camden Road
47
67
240
354
39
128
27
194
548
St. Luke's, Kentish Town .
56
130
94
280
88
180
24
298
578
St. Paul's, Camden Square .
66
232
87
385
102
248
128
478
863
St. Pancras Parish Church .
143
242
283
608
184
350
298
832
1,500
St. Peter's, King's Cross
14
17
42
73
17
30
35
88
161
St. Saviour's, Fitzroy Sq. .
12
23
13
48
28
100
59
187
235
St. Stephen's, Camden
Town Parish Church
29
31
98
158
28
49
74
151
309
St. Silas' Mission Church,
Maiden Road .
7
6
26
39
7
28
14
49
88
St. Thomas', Camden Town
41
44
149
234
75
114
101
290
524
Foundling Hospital
144
200
197
541
541
Total ....
1.913
3,143
3,875
8,931
1,983
4,199
2,095
8,277
17,208
175
176
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Church of England Missions
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Bay.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Women.
Total.
St. Martin's Hall, Kentish
Town ....
Old St. Pancras Ch. House .
St. Andrew's Hall, Kentish
Town . . . .
St. Barnabas' Room, Prince
of Wales Road .
St. Michael's Mission, Cam-
den To^vn ....
St. Thomas' Church House,
Camden Town .
Holy Trinity Miss. Church,
Ferdinand PI. , Chalk Farm
St. Saviour 'sHall, EustonRd .
1
5
5
11
...
"88
80
91
96
5
14
8
5
G
18
11
11
27
8
38
24
20
40
16
160
7
40
45
75
21
174
63
40
94
45
96
75
21
174
63
Total ....
6
16
168
190
56
95
267
418
608
Falkland Rd., Kentish Tn.
114
142
107
363
139
195
58
392
755
Prince of Wales' Road.
153
128
102
383
149
233
73
455
838
Stanhope Street .
16
11
63
90
31
47
186
264
354
Camden Street
24
26
58
108
90
140
44
274
382
Liverpool St., King's Cross.
Cleveland HaU,ClevelandPl.
71
64
44
179
82
113
30
225
404
49
144
39
232
232
People's HaU, Somers Town
26
40
19
85
85
Total ....
378
371
374
1,123
566
912
449
1,927
3,050
BAPTIST
CHURCH
Bassett St., Kentish Town .
42
47
52
141
49
125
44
218
359
Berkley Road, Chalk Farm.
22
25
62
109
47
85
16
148
257
Camden Road
89
152
78
319
99
168
8
275
594
Highgate Road .
167
264
162
593
162
225
57
444
1,037
Old Baptist Union, Camden
Town ....
5
7
28
40
8
19
13
40
80
Pratt Street, Camden Town
10
9
6
25
7
14
5
26
51
Regent's Park, Park Sq. E.
211
321
95
627
277
457
34
768
1,395
Henrietta St., King's Cross.
15
27
49
91
19
61
37
117
208
Strict Baptist, Gower Street
77
86
23
186
89
126
12
227
413
Arthur Street
6
15
39
60
37
39
9
85
145
Tolmer's Square Institute .
19
27
11
57
34
89
13
136
193
Total ....
663
980
605
2,248
828
1,408
248
2,484
4,732
Baptist Missions
Regent's Park Mission
Chapel, Druramond Street
Havelock Hall, Gough St.
Falkland Hall .
....
...
24
8
17
57
34
49
16
17
16
97
59
82
97
59
82
Total ....
49
140
49
238
238
congregationaij church
Bedford, Camden Town
13
5
26
44
15
36
23
74
118
Gospel Oak, Southampton
Road
35
42
42
119
76
80
12
168
287
Kentish Town
79
74
50
203
115
173
56
344
547
Maitland Park Road .
53
60
69
182
40
69
27
136
318
Park Chapel, Camden Town
75
106
81
262
126
250
84
460
722
St. Paul's, Kentish Town .
53
65
74
192
69
110
26
205
397
Whitfield Tabernacle, Tot-
tenham Court Road .
58
71
33
162
83
131
39
253
415
Tolmer's Square .
Highgate Chapel, Highgate
37
36
104
177
57
81
46
184
361
116
126
70
312
81
92
30
203
516
Total ....
519
585
549
1,653
662
1,022
343
2,027
3,680
NORTH LONDON-ST. PANCRAS
Congregational Mission
177
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Lyndhiirst Mission
Kentish Town .
Hall,
54
54
67
101
33
201
255
PRESBYTERIAN" CHURCH
Canic''-n Road
Trini.y, Kentish Town Rd.
Somers. Town
Regent Square .
SO
14
3C.
131
109
19
22
216
21
27
100
96
210
60
158
443
52
21
73
103
113
37
180
168
22
12
72
19
187
70
325
290
397
130
483
733
Total ....
261
366
244
871
249
498
125
872
1,743
Presbyterian
Missions
Medical Mission Hall,
King's Cross .
20
52
10
82
82
Regent Square Hall
4
3
27
34
22
52
16
90
124
District Mission Hall,
Kentish Town .
62
137
110
309
309
Hanover St. Hall, Kentish
Town ....
11
29
30
70
70
Aldenham Institute .
37
45
23
105
105
York Road, Kentish Town .
11
23
11
• 45
45
Total ....
4
3
27
34
163
338
200
701
735
PRIMITIVE METHODIST
CHURCH
Grafton Rd., Kentish Town
New Camden Town .
18
72
13
57
12
35
43
164
30
90
38
135
36
35
104
260
147
424
Total ....
90
70
47
207
120
173
71
364
571
CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC
CHURCH
jordon House, Highgate
jrordon Sq., King's Cross
Total ....
43
122
58
149
40
34
141
305
42
110
60
105
38
61
140
276
281
581
165
207
74
446
152
165
99
416
862
UNITARIAN
CHURCH
Dlarence Rd., Kentish Town
flhyl Street, Kentish Town.
15
4
12
4
10
85
37
93 i
19
11
20
59
15
42
54
112
91
205
Total ....
19
16
95
130
30
79
57
166
296
NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH
Airgyle Square, King's Cross 36
41
10
87
23
25
52
139
FOREIGN PROTESTANT
SERVICES
jrerman, St. Mary's, Fitzroy
Square ....
jerman, Leighton Crescent
Scandinavian
80
"ii
67
"l
14
161
"12
120
24
9
123
20
1
16
3
259
47
10
420
47
22
Total ....
91
68
14
173
153
144
19
316
489
12
178
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
BRETHREN
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Rochester Hall, Rochester
Road
5
4
4
13
10
22
2
34
47
Great College Street .
6
7
31
44
7
20
9
36
80
Gospel Hall, Hawley Road.
5
7
4
16
8
3
16
27
43
Haverstock Rooms
11
19
9
39
9
17
7
33
72
Wilkin Street Schools .
31
43
18
92
25
54
22
101
193
Total ....
58
80
66
204
59
116
56
231
435
DISCIPLES or CHRIST
Hope Chapel, Prince of
Wales' Road .
23
17
3
43
14
33
13
60
103
S
AIJVA
lTION
ARMY
lA, Belmont Street, Chalk
Farm Road
97
106
69
272
174
260
178
612
884
Chapel Street, Somers Town
4
2
5
11
6
22
15
43
54
Burton Hall ....
15
9
11
35
19
34
15
68
103
Total ....
116
117
85
318
199
316
208
723
1,041
I
lOMA
N CA
.THOI
AC CHURC
H
Our Lady Help of Christians,
Kentish Town .
207
339
132
678
31
55
18
104
782
St. Dominic's Priory, Mait-
land Park ....
305
520
354
1,179
99
196
69
364
1,543
St. Aloysius', Somers Town
203
342
220
765
65
141
97
303
1 1,068
St. Ann's, Regent's Park .
28
61
57
14G
14
20
35
69
215
Total ....
743
1,262
763
2,768
209
412
219
840
3,608
OTHE
R SE
RVICES
Lismore Gospel Hall .
4
3
7
10
26
14
50
57
London City Mission, 39,
Grafton Terrace
29
19
7
55
37
43
48
128
183
London City Mission Hall,
Chalk Farm
18
18
4
40
40
Mission Hall, Carlton Road
8
19
30
57
57
Litcham St., Kentish Town
4
3
59
66
66
Y.M.C.A., 17, Camden Rd.
32
32
32
London City Mission, near
Gospel Oak station .
12
39
8
59
59
Rochester Hall, Railway
Arch, Kentish Town
10
3
272
285
285
People's Gospel Hall, Dart-
mouth Park Hill .
12
13
84
109
23
32
41
96
205
London Cabman's Hall,
Gray's Inn Road
2
1
26
29
31
52
31
114
143
Clarendon Hall, Somers Tn.
11
43
11
65
65
Stanhope Street Institute .
19
39
8
66
66
Maiden HaU.
54
51
50
155
85
135
45
265
420
Zion Tabernacle (Dr.
Dowie's) ....
52
50
28
130
46
69
21
136
266
Kentish Tn. Ragged Schools
2
27
29
1
2
76
79
108
Spiritualists, Caversham Rd.
3
3
3
,, Judd Street .
3
11
14
14
London City Mission,
Cromer Street .
23
40
20
83
83
London City Mission, Mid-
hope Hall ....
15
17
2
34
34
Culross Hall.
6
8
11
25
25
Total ....
153
139
222
514
365
599
733
1,697
2,211
NOETH LONDON- ST. PANGEAS
179
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
for the
Day.
Church of England
1,913
3,143
3,875
8,931
1,983
4,199
2,095
8,277
17,208
„ „ Missions
6
16
168
190
56
95
267
418
608
Wesleyan Meth. Church
378
371
374
1,123
566
912
449
1,927
3,050
Baptist Church
663
980
605
2,248
828
1,408
248
2,484
4,732
„ Missions .
49
140
49
238
238
Congregational Church.
519
585
549
1,653
662
1,022
343
2,027
3,680
„ Missions
54
54
67
101
33
201
255
Presbyterian Church .
261
366
244
871
249
498
125
872
1,743
„ Missions .
4
3
27
34
163
338
200
701
735
Primitive Meth. Church
90
70
47
207
120
173
71
364
571
Cath. Apostolic Church
165
207
74
446
152
165
99
416
862
Unitarian Church
19
16
95
130
30
79
57
166
296
New Jerusalem Church
36
41
10
87
23
25
4
52
139
Foreign Prot. Services .
91
68
14
173
1.53
144
19
316
489
Brethren
58
80
66
204
59
116
56
231
435
Disciples of Christ
23
17
3
43
14
33
13
60
103
Salvation Army .
116
117
85
318
199
316
208
723
1,041
Roman Catholic Church
743
1,262
763
2,768
209
412
219
840
3,608
Other Services
153
139
222
514
365
599
733
1,697
2,211
Jewish Church
48
32
72
152
152
Grand Totals .
5,340
7,513
7,293
20,146
5,947
10,775
5,288
22,010
42,156
I
Other Services
'Ota]
r the
3ay.
66
112
331
172
186
374
789
662
64
865
588
203
342
4,654
49
79
53
103
284
394
139
045
340
507
031
Blue = Evening
216
504
111
30
361
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
Borough of Holborn
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORXIXG.
EVENING. 1
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Hen.
Women.
Chldm.
Total
Gray's Inn Chapel
Lincoln's Inn Chapel .
St. Giles'-in-the-Fields
Seven Dials ]\Iission Church
Christ Church, Endell Street
Holy Trinity, Little Queen
Street ". . . .
St. George's, Hart Street .
Christ Church, Woburn Sq.
St. John the Evangelist's
(French) ....
St. Alban's, Brooke Street .
St. John's, Red Lion Square
St. Peter's, Cross Street
St. George the Martyr's,
Queen Square .
29
52
44
19
23
46
96
42
8
197
64
25
39
30
44
34
18
28
60
216
93
10
339
118
30
64
7
16
69
28
26
74
100
108
17
35
121
24
67
66
112
147
65
77
180
412
243
35
571
303
79
170
"32
38
31
57
102
49
7
99
54
25
■ 43
87
48
56
107
209
101
4
159
180
69
91
"65
21
22
30
66
169
18
36
51
30
38
184
107
109
194
377
319
29
294
285
124
172
66
112
331
172
186
374
789
562
64
865
588
203
342
Total ....
684
1,084
692
2,460
537
1,111
546
2,194
4,654
Church.
of
England Missions
St. George's, Ormond Yard
St. Peter's, Onslow Street .
Christ Church Hall, Her-
brand Street
Holy Trinity, Ashley Bldgs.
"4
2
1
"5
2
3
"'70
49
77
"'79
53
81
5
""4
3
"14
41
"*4
49
"22
49
79
53
103
Total ....
7 1
10
196
213
9
17
45
71
284
WESLEYAN" llETHODIST CHUBCH
Great Queen Street
45
52
40
137
119
107
31
257
394
BAPTIST CHURCH
Soho Chapel, Shaftesbury
1
Avenue ....
15
25
6
46 '
22
62
9
93
139
Bloomsbury Chapel, Shaftes-
bury Avenue
174
190
105
469 '
202
280
94
576
1,045
Kingsgate Chapel, South-
!
340
ampton Row
48
60
32
140
Oi
104
39
200
John Street ....
26
76
93
195
1
68
176
68
312
507
Total ....
263
351
236
850
349
622
210
1,181
2,031
Baptist Missions
Xeal Street ....
Olympic Theatre, Wych St.
28, Brooke Street .
Seven Dials ....
"60
"46
T08
'214
4
77
4
5
6 206
110 103
6 101
21 ! 4
216
290
111
30
216
504
111
30
Total ....
60
46
108
214
90
143 j 414
647
861
181
182
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
rOREIGN PROTESTANT SERVICES
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women. Chldrn.
To.al.
Men.
Woi. en.
Chldrn.
Total.
for the
Day.
Swiss Church, Endell Street
52
127
4
183
22
30
1
53
236
SALVATION ARMY
52, Eagle Street
11
12
23
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Etheldreda's, Ely Place
St. Peter's, Clerkenwell Rd.
St. Anselm and St. Cecilia's,
Sardinia Street .
134
873
193
193
741
364
176
453
217
503
2,067
774
60
383
32
52
470
96
26
80
24
138
933
152
641
3,000
926
Total ....
1,200
1,298
846
3,344
475
618
130
1,223
4,567
OTHER SERVICES
London Medical Mission,
Short's Gardens
London City Miss., Work-
men's Hall
London City Miss., Shaftes-
bury Hall ....
Fox Court Mission
Field Lane Miss., Vine St.
Albert Youth's Institute,
Lamb's Conduit Street
Church of Humanity,
Chapel Street .
Bessbrook Home, Queen's
Square ....
36, Gray's Inn Road (New
and Latter House of
Israel) ....
Total . . . .
...
3
31
12
46
5
6
1
12
'"e
"3
"35
"44
35
31
7
18
45
35
55
27
158
250
2
107
224
312
20
4
10
2
16
63
2
...
65
69
1
1
71
-
5
6
5
16
73
15
37
125
173
179
456
808
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVEMNG.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Church of England
684
1,084
692
2,460
537
1,111
546
2,194
4,654
„ „ Mi,ssif»ns
7
10
196
213
9
17
45
71
284
We.sleyan Meth. Church
45
52
40
137
119
107
31
257
394
Baptist Church
263
351
236
850
349
622
210
1,181
2,031
„ Missions .
60
46
108
214
90
143
414
647
861
Foreign i'rot. Services .
.02
127
4
183
22
30
1
53
236
Salvation Army .
5
4
2
11
9
12
2
23
34
Roman Catholic Church
1,200
1,298
846
3,344
475
618
130
1,223
4,567
Otlier Services
73
15
37
125
173
179
456
808
933
Grand Totals .
2,389
2,987
2,161
7,r,37
1,783
2,839
1,835
6,457
13,994
Population Roman Catholic
Other Services
Cmnt
Blad
Blue - Evening
Population
All Churches ^ Churcfa of England
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
i«r^
Borough of Finsbury
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
Chapel of the Charterhouse
49
9
1
59
59
Holy Redeemer, Clerkenwell
42
94
137
273
28
92
6
126
399
St. James', Clei-kenwell Gn.
40
125
127
292
80
153
58
291
583
St. John the Baptist's, St.
John's Square .
18
17
29
64
30
56
33
119
183
St. Peter's, Clerkenwell
30
42
62
134
44
87
112
243
377
St. Mark's, Pentonville
43
56
54
153
55
97
72
224
377
St. Philip's, Granville Sq. .
25
37
115
177
16
35
41
92
269
St. James', Pentonville Hill
21
24
21
66
18
35
22
75
141
St. Silas', Penton Street
31
33
156
220
40
69
58
167
387
All Saints' Mission Church,
White Lion Street .
28
34
61
123
25
44
77
146
269
St. Paul's, Bunhill Row .
22
21
47
90
34
53
34
121
211
St. Mary Charterhouse, Gol-
den Lane ....
39
50
99
188
37
129
73
239
427
St. Thomas Charterhouse,
Goswell Road .
33
27
53
113
30
42
30
102
215
St. Clement's, Gity Road .
45
91
134
270
28
75
48
151
421
St. Paul's, Goswell Road .
37
30
94
161
59
102
74
235
396
St. Barnabas', King's Sq. .
10
20
35
16
27
86
129
164
St. Luke's, Old Street .
44
64
218
326
47
113
33
193
519
Total ....
557
759
1,428
2,744
587
1,209
857
2,653
5,397
Church of England Missions
St. Mark's Schools, Brewer
Street ....
12
20
23
55
55
St. James' Schools, Collier
Street ....
1
49
50
50
St. Peter's Mission, 195,
Goswell Road .
4
16
1
21
21
Total ....
1
49
50
16
36
24
76
126
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Wesley's Chapel, City Road
Central Miss., St. John's Sq.
Welsh Chapel, City Road .
Leysian Mission, Errol St. .
Radnor Street Mission
Total . . . .
117
118
48
283
154
211
51
416
147
105
268
520
208
391
170
769
11
5
4
20
50
66
13
129
47
18
60
125
127
139
66
332
5
7
36
48
43
68
962
1,073
327
253
416
996
582
875
1,262
2,719
699
1,289
149
457
1,121
3,715
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Winchester Street
20
22
63 105
183
30
64
31 125
230
184
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
BAPTIST CHUBCH
CHUKCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Woodbridge Chapel
Mount Zion, Chadwell
Street ....
Vernon, King's Cross Road
Great Arthur Street Chapel
Spencer Place Chapel .
68
51
114
612
12
105
89
18G
30
17
181
16
83
10
37
354
156
383
652
66
168
64
215
322
71
355
133
382
80
102
276
17
156
12
133
799
214
763
414
306
1,153
370
1,136
1,066
372
Total ....
857
427
327
1,611
840
1,052
594
2,486
4,097
Baptist Missions
Zion Sunday School,
John's Street Road .
Mount Zion School,
White Lion Street .
St.
71,
3
1
35
39
2
18
5
39
199
42
206
99
206
138
Total .
3
1
35
39
20
44
241
305
344
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Claremont Hall, Penton-
ville Road
21
19
17
57
107
191
227
525
582
Welsh Tabernacle, Penton-
ville Road ....
59
25
8
92
220
225
33
478
570
Whitfield's Tabernacle,
Tabernacle Street .
18
24
13
55
28
46
20
94
149
Total ....
98
68
38
204
355
462
280
1,097
1,301
Congregational Missions
Hope Mission
Sermon Lane Mission .
10
24
3
11
39
3
52
38
20
74
33
129
239
36
292
239
344
277
Total ....
34
14
42
90
94
162
275
531
621 >
COUNTESS OF HUNTINGDON'S CONNEXION
Spa Fields Chajx^l, Lloyd
Square ....
12 18
48
78
43 64
74
181
UNITARIAN CHURCH
George Row, St. Luke's
9 51
69
23 57
71 151
SOCIETY OP
FRIENDS
Bunhill Fields Memorial
Buildings ....
Peel Meeting House .
62
7
33
2
17
2
112
11
42
17
74
25
184
46
300
88
412
99
Total ....
69
35
19
123
59
99
230
388
511
BRETHREN
Hall, 346, Goswell Road .
Red, White and Blue In-
stitute, 7, Gumming St. .
7
7
n
3
30
17
14
5
55
25
62
25
Total ....
7
7
14
47
19
80
87
NORTH LONDON- FINSBURY
SALVATION" ARMY
185
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
ToUl.
1
Day.
116a, Pentonville Koad
9, Bowling Green Lane
8
2
13
7
22
43
9
21
10
40
11
27
3
88
24
131
33
Total ....
10
20
22
52
31
51
30
112
164
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Peter and St. Paul's,
Eosoman Street
St. Joseph's, Lamb's Bldgs.
Total .
512
30
542
439
96
535
299
85
384
1,250
211
1.461
81
81
98
267
267
1,517
211
1,728
OTHER SERVICES
Latter Day Saints, Town
Hall
36
45
18
99
99
Ragged School Mission,
Collier Street .
3
6
148
157
157
Mildmay Miss., 158, King's
Cross Eoad
30
38
8
76
76
"Fox and Knot" School,
Charterhouse Street .
„..
8
12
204
224
224
Christian Community, Gee
Street ....
22
37
24
83
83
German Y.M.C.A., Fins-
bury Square
16
16
16
London City Miss., " Lamb
and Flag".
3
1
57
61
33
78
155
266
327
London City Miss., North-
ampton Hall
6
11
2
19
19
Total ....
3
1
57
61
154
227
559
940
1,001
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
557
759
1,428
2,744
587
1,209
857
2,653
5,397
„ „ Missions
1
49
50
16
36
24
76
126
Wesleyan Meth. Church
327
253
416
996
582
875
1,262
2,719
3,715
Primitive Meth. Church
20
22
63
105
30
64
31
125
230
Baptist Church
857
427
327
1,611
840
1,052
594
2,486
4,097
„ Missions .
3
1
35
39
20
44
241
305
344
Congregational Church
98
68
38
204
355
462
280
1,097
1,301
„ Missions
34
14
42
90
94
162
275
531
621
Countess of Hunting-
don's Connexion
12
18
48
78
43
64
74
181
259
Unitarian Church
9
9
51
69
23
57
71
151
220
Society of Friends
69
35
19
123
59
99
230
388
511
Brethren
7
7
14
47
19
80
87
Salvation Army .
10
20
22
52
31
51
30
112
164
RomaniCatholic Church
542
535
384
1,461
81
98
88
267
1,728
Other Services
3
1
57
61
154
227
559
940
1,001
Grand Totals .
2,548
2,163
2,979
7,690
2,929
4,547
4,635
12,111
19,801
$
80
DIAGRAM
Shewing Attendance.
FINSBURY
1
Other Services
Population
All Churches ^ Church of Engrland
Nonconformist
Roman CatholJf
Other Services
Black = All ServiceB
Rod - Morning
c
3
a.
o
PL,
2
o
s
"si
c
U
C
S
o
Qi
90
80
70
60
50
40
50
20
10
fTT ^ 1 ' ' — ^
\+ ■' - -t 1
V .;
i~L ' T
irt_, _...
in~i
i" "
itit "
'
.j: .,,,,.,,■
\ .-+.....
\
... 1 1 ^
111 A f" L> A \A
JlJ a. JilKJ' b .j\ Irk
\ '_L CL ' .r yk. ^^ i
\ orie'w^inR 7A.ttenclan.ce.
' ', " ' ■
TOTAIJ^ FOR NORTH LONDON. I
l\ ; ]
\' ' i ' ■ ' i ' 1
\ i '
\ i 1
1 1 ! 1 : 1 i
I'll' ' ■ '
I 1
\ 1
1 '
1 \
I 1
j I
\
\
\
V ' '
\ 1
I
1
j 1
I
\
\
\
\ 1
I
I 1
1
I
1
1
1
1
I 1
1 1 j
I 1
I
\ I
I i 1
1 I
I ( 1
' r T" ' "^■~
\ i
I
1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 !
■
- -~H- --U-j ^ ■ ^
^, ^s^ ^ """T --^ - -t- ^^
^
— h— 1 V 1 " " _j__
A. |_ 1
^^
^^
j ^
^ ^ 1
\ 1
S, ' '^, .^-v
— --- s,^
^
rS .
^ ^
1 V
. ^ w
—4 I \ ■
-t±;^-:rT^' i :"^..t7" . ,;, ~^~ ^^- ^""n V t", ,. .
Total Population
Popul
c
IL
t Roman
c
c
«.
E
c
Catholic
1
IE
u
c
1
<
13
I
<
other
c
u
Services
e
i
1
ci-lt lOOrp
n — r — r
j
-"
MM
1 1
r^ I M i
\
! 1
^^
(
M n^ !
' i
1
1 i
1
1 ! I\ i !
1 i
DIAGRAM
Ke-wing Analysis of Attendance.
\:
1
\
90 -tp-^
1
— 1— r-
_
ll-
1 ! i
!
A \
1 ' 1
{
1
1
i
^
A
; TOTALS FOR NORTH LONDON
-
\i
1
1 1
1
k -^ — r
1
ill!
\
_P-^J_L
i
^ tr^"
Li
\
\
^ 70 — \-
— ) 1— M — 1—
\
---
^
\
\
z lul
1- 4- t^fi-
1 — 1 — 1
I
\
1 !
T
\
{.J -^ 1
_j
_j
,
II
\
oO — 1 — 1
1 ■
\
i 1
\
w -j— ^
\ ' 1
1
\
(u — ^
\ 1 1
\ \
\
jt"t]
1 1
-
\
. \
_L.
W i^o ^-
\ \
! 1
\ '
T "^
1
u H
! 1 I
1 1
\ '
2 "
1
\ 1
1
<
—It 1— H
1 1
/
\
\
Q ir. 1 i
! \ \
/
\
k_
J,
.\
540 !
I'll
|\ 1 1
\ 1
/
"^\
\ '
I i
I i J/-^
V
/
\
\ .
>^
\ '^<<^
I
r\
V
j
\\
/
y
\
— '-' ,H^— !""!-
\
/
/
^_^
N
\\
y
! : '
\y^
\
^
\
^^
r-
< ou —
.^4_
y
N
^
w
iV
/
\
V
^
1^
\,
\
.-^
""HL
1
s
1
^y
Ort
\
J
V ' ' '
^
^
JU "1 —
\ L-r
ij
"T
1 1
1
1
i
\y
—
1
-^^ \ \ ^ h
; 1
y^
1 1 i
1
— — i
in ! !
i ill!
\ '
l(J-r-t"
.^"^
>.
1 1
i 1 !
^ ^"^
i
' S
1
J i
-1 — 1 — — 1 — >- -
s
, _L
i
1
1
U
B
lu
e
Ev
^en
inj
All Churche
Church of Eng^land
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
The Problem of South London
BY CHAELES F. G. MASTERMAN, M.A.
It is to tlie student of opinion and social change that this great
enterprise of the numbering of the religions of London will prove
of lasting value. Only advertisement, cynicism, or vulgar curiosity
benefits from the announcement that Mr. A's church (heralding
itself as exercising enormous spiritual influence) gathers four hundred
worshippers every Sunday, or that Mr. B's church (proclaiming a
similar success) gathers forty. The tabulated results of the Census
have already been used as the basis for crude and ill-informed
deductions ; they will form the material in the future for the
demonstration of all manner of preconceived ideas. But this is the
common fate of statistics. Let the figures be taken for what they
profess to be — the record of the numbers of attendance, men, women,
and children, at morning and evening service on certain Sundays
in the years 1902-3 in every public religious edifice in London. These
figures have been accepted by all to be correct ; the fairness,
accuracy, and impartiality of the enterprise has evoked generous
acknowledgment. There is no claim made that these figures give
adequate basis for comparison of the spiritual influence of different
individual churches or of the aggregate of organised religions. One
church, in a poor district, attracts a congregation by a distribution
of cocoa and slabs of bread at the commencement or the conclusion
of the service. Another, in a comfortable suburb, fills its pews with
an audience to whom church-going is the custom and the fashion,
a display of smart clothing, the occupation of a seat hired by the
year, or a method of killing the boredom of an idle Sunday. A
third, hidden in a back street, gathers together thirty or forty poor
men and women who support the expenses with their scanty earnings,
and meet for edification or for worship outside the sphere of both
fashion and material benefit. There is no common denominator of
religious aspiration which will measure three such congregations
as these ; but in the dispassionate estimate of figures they are
187
188 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
of necessity weiglied together as if each individual attendance were
of similar account.
Yet the figures themselves are of quite extraordinary interest
and value — an interest and value which will increase as the memories
of London in 1903 fade into an almost fabulous past. They have
stamped in permanent form certain facts of the spiritual energies
of this strange and perplexing city in this particular period of
change. Corrected by personal knowledge, and retranslated from
their bloodless skeleton of information into terms of human effort,
tenacity, and aspiration, they become charged with a romance and
significance paralleled by few other such tables of numbers and
names.
By a most happy coincidence, while the Census was in progress,
there appeared an attempt to estimate the religious life of the
people of London by methods other than the statistical. Mr.
Charles Booth's investigation in seven .volumes will remain as a
permanent companion for the historical student to the figures
published by the Daily News. His results, as might have been
anticipated from an investigation of individual estimate and
impression, have not been received with so universal an acceptance.
Comments, often angry, have been evoked by the somewhat
sweeping strictures of his investigators. The personal impression
of curate or minister seems often to have formed the main basis of
judgment. Pretentiousness, noisiness, vulgarity, produce emphatic
condemnation ; the critics would have done well to remember that
pretentiousness, noisiness, and vulgarity have often been associated
with a real and vigorous religion. Mr. Booth deliberately (I am
inclined to think, rightly) rejected the statistical method as
misleading in the estimation of something so elusive and intangible
as spiritual influence. But as a corrective to many of his statements
the Census figures are quite invaluable. No serious student can
neglect either the one or the other. Read first the seven volumes
of Mr. Booth ; examine and analyse the figures of this Census ;
make yourself personally familiar with at least a few selected
districts of different types — the wealthy, the suburban, the artisan,
the poor : you will then be in position to offer at least some
tentative suggestions towards an estimate of the religious condition
of this great congeries of cities which we term London.
I have few criticisms to offer of the methods of enumeration
adopted. The Census gives all the essential figures, and, by a happy
ingenuity, certain additional facts with regard to double attendance,
THE PEOBLEM OF SOUTH LONDON 189
etc., of very considerable interest. One would liave liked for
scientific purposes a complete statistic of all attendance — afternoon
meetings, early morning services, cliildren's Sunday schools, as well as
the two main services of the day. I was one of those who wrote to
the promoters at the commencement, appealing for the enumeration
of the early morning services, and I am grateful for the samples
given, which are most instructive ; though I regret that it was not
possible to give these complete for all the twenty-nine boroughs
of London. The children question was bound to prove a difficulty ;
though it is impossible to see what other course could have been
pursued, it cannot be said that the difficulty has been entirely
overcome. The method has been to count everything in the nature of
a children's service, to omit everything in the nature of a Sunday
school.* But there is no sharp line of division between the one and
the other — Sunday schools are held in church or chapel, or the " cate-
chism " occupies the functions in one parish which the Sunday
school occupies in the other. The result is to produce figures on
the surface misleading. One district collects its children in a Sunday
school, and finds only its adults enumerated. Another collects its
children in a catechism, and finds its statistics of attendance enor-
mously swollen. Repeated entries in the Census figures — such as 4
adults, 154 children ; 3 adults, 69 children ; 13 adults, 323 children —
show that we are really here reckoning a Sunday school substitute,
a population which in other districts escapes the enumerators.
Fortunately, however, such a difficulty does not affect the main
results, though it may influence the gross totals, and the comparison
(if such a fatuous task be attempted) between the total adherents
of the varied religions of London. The Sunday school and the
Sunday attendance of children at church in all the poorer districts
serve a purpose quite distinct from that of religious instruction.
Children go whose parents are of all religions and of none ;
streets containing not a single adult worshipper will contribute their
swarms of clean and intelligent infants. The selection of the
school, as far as I have been able to investigate it, seems entirely
haphazard — nearness, excellence of the annual treat, the lateness
* It is important that the method adopted in regard to the enumeration of
children should be clearly understood. Neither morning nor afternoon Sunday
schools were enumerated. At the close of the morning Sunday school three courses
are open to the children, — (A) to go into the church, and thus form part of the
congregation ; (B) to have a special service of their ow^n ; i(C) to go home. The
children following either course A or B were enumerated ; the children following
course C were not enumerated. [Editor.]
190 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
of assembling, and the laxity of discipline being apparently the
chief attractive elements. Certainly the last thing thought of is
the nature of the religion taught. I have no doubt that Sunday
schools conducted by mild-mannered and generous Buddhists in
South London (provided they were white in colour — we have
an aversion to foreigners) would draw large and appreciative
audiences. The whole question of the virtue or viciousness of
the Sunday school system as at present conducted amongst " the
poor" is one on which, indeed, I have strong opinions, but
irrelevant to the present discussion. Let it be enough to say
that, in the case of the children, causes other than religious
are so manifest and disturbing, that in my discussion of the
religion of South London in connection with these figures I shall
consider the statistics of the attendance of adults only.
I am probably prejudiced in favour of mine own people ; but I
must confess that to me the statistics of South London, deemed
by the ignorant the least romantic of all coagulations of human
beings in the civilised world, seem to me far the most illuminating
of the series. In South London especially it is possible to isolate
two most interesting classes, whose general characteristics are well
worthy of study. Here collected in bulk is the new race of city
toilers, the aggregation of artisans and working people created by
the nineteenth century drift to the towns. Here also in bulk is
the suburban resident living his peculiar and specialised life, also
a creation of very recent economic change. East London has
also a great stretch of manual workers, but here the problem
is confused by the great influx of aliens. South of the river we
are typically and aggressively English — stolid, patient, not con-
spicuously intelligent, conscious of our superiority to the heathen
and the foreigner. At the other end of the scale wealth and culture
do not form disturbing elements. Wc have pools of secure material
comfort on the frontiers of our kingdom ; but wealth for the most
part gathers together its goods and departs to the squares and
terraces of the west, endeavouring there to forget that it once
inhabited a suburban villa. Our social classes run into each other
with no clearly defined boundaries ; it would be a mistake to draw
the line sharp and clear between them. But for purposes of
investigation we can collect them together into four main groups,
THE PROBLEM OF SOUTH LONDON 191
and can endeavour to learn what light the Census can throw on
their particular religious conditions.
First we may note the " poor " in the proper sense of the term :
those, in Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman's now famous phrase, living
" on the verge of hunger " if not " on the verge of starvation."
These are the subjects of Messrs. Booth and Rowntree's dismal
statistics, the class who only emerge above the political horizon
when some energetic statesman is composing a moving perora-
tion or essaying a new policy. They are the forlorn multitude
of those who have failed. They are numerous in South London,
forming great wedges and masses in Southwark and Bermondsey,
spreading along the riverside east and west, and collecting in
scattered pools or isolated streets in all the other boroughs. They
form the ready prey of church and mission ; each particular district
in which they herd is swarming with rival agencies essaying their
bodily sustenance and the salvation of their souls. A continuous
vast river of charitable help pours through the channels of these
missions into every corner and crevice of their homes ; bread,
clothing, boots, vegetable soup, grocery tickets, monetary assistance,
fall sometimes, like the rain of heaven, upon the just and unjust,
sometimes only upon those who are willing to make a decent
return in attendance at public worship or mothers' meetings. This
source of supply is eked out in most cases with casual labour or
the more desolating forms of unskilled employment, with outdoor
relief, with the products of home industries, the earnings of
school children, and the munificent wage earned by the free
non-unionist labour of women. The children are innumerable ;
the death rate of infants is high, but a sujBS.cient number survive to
ensure the transmission of the rickety type, stunted physique and
fragile or diseased constitution, to the generations of the future.
The individuals rise or fall, but the class remains, a stagnant pool
of low-grade life which is slowly extending its borders, and swelling
its multitudes to a bulk which finally will compel attention to the
menace of its futility.
The second class makes up the matrix of which the great mass
of South London is composed. It is the class of decent working
men, from the highly paid artisan to the better paid labourer —
the "poor" as they appear to the rich, lumping into one common
category all below the status of retail tradesmen. It more than
fills the block dwellings and cottages in which it is housed, and
it is continually flowing over through leaks and gaps into the
192 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
suburbs which form its southern borders, to the infinite disgust
of the original inhabitants of these desirable regions. It works
for the most part beyond the river, and spends much of its
leisure in journeys to and fro. It is on the whole contented with
its life ; but its intelligence and vitality seem partially sapped
by its crowded city existence, and it exhibits none of the somewhat
aggressive social and political vigour which is exhibited by a
similar class in other cities of England. At present it is largely
country bred ; it still shows traces of the open air and the life
of the fields. But each year the rural elements diminish, the urban
increase. It is a race passing in bulk through the greatest change in
the life of humanity, the change in which nature vanishes from
the horizon and is replaced by the perpetual presence of man. It re-
presents at the present a stage in this transition, with stability, acquies-
cence, and the peculiar city characteristics not yet fully attained.
The third class is one often overlooked, whose neglect has
originated some of the more absurd generalisations in connection
with this Census and other similar efforts. In all the boroughs,
poor as well as rich, lining all the main roads and many of the side
streets is the class of tradesmen who minister to the needs of the
vast populations which are hidden behind. These form a prosperous
bourgeois class, possessing considerable vigour and enterprise, and
very sharply divided in interest and outlook from the poor and
the artisan who do business with them. In the poorest boroughs
they form an aristocracy of wealth; in the wealthier boroughs
they are less conspicuous, and there are social grades from which
they are excluded. But they are numerous in all, and in all offer
a very marked contribution to the religious life of South London.
Lastly, in the outlying districts we find the suburban dweller,
forming, with his brother on the hills of North London, a class
of quite peculiar and specialised life and characteristics. He is a
product of those economic conditions which have made London
the banking centre and clearing house of the world. He is a
dependent of the City, to which he journeys every morning. He
leads an entirely sedentary existence, writing other men's letters,
adding other men's accounts, each a cog or link in the machinery
of other men's ideas. The energy pent up in this remarkable toil
is reserved for the hours of freedom ; there is a real home life,
strong family affection, little gardens and ornamented villas,
ambition for the children. A certain artificiality distinguishes
such an existence, a divorce from reality which only intrudes
THE PROBLEM OF SOUTH LONDON 193
at intervals of love or suffering or death. Vigour may be more
conspicuous tlian breadth of outlook or intellectual agility, and
there are often set up quite astonishing standards of " respect-
ability " in politics and religion. But there are compensating
elements in a widespread material comfort, enjoyment of simple
pleasures, and (as we shall see) a very real and active religious
life, probably stronger here than in any other class of the
community. It is here that the churches and chapels are crowded,
that their activities blossom out on week-days into mutual
improvement associations, debating clubs, and innocuous amusement.
The orthodox religions receive a willing adherence which has
resisted successfully all the disintegrating forces of changes in
thought and environment. This is the class beyond all others
where the particular characteristics find expression in the edifices
it has reared for its worship and the nature of the services it
generously maintains within them.
II
Let us see what light the Religious Census will throw upon the
spiritual condition of this world of working humanity in South
London. Although it would be quite inaccurate to judge the influ-
ences exercised from particular churches by the simple comparison of
the numbers of worshippers ; and although, as I shall hope to show later,
the spiritual enthusiasm focussed in the Sunday gatherings diffuses
through great numbers who never or rarely are actually present;
yet on the whole I think certainly in these districts we may say
that the organised religious and ethical bodies stand practically for
all the active spiritual enterprise of South London. Once I had
expected it otherwise — thinking that the widespread break-up of
faith and the influence of destructive criticism would have created
a large class of persons unable conscientiously to attach themselves
to church or chapel, but eager for ethical progress and the assertion
of the supremacy of the things of the spirit. But all experience
has failed to discover any number of such individuals. Many, indeed,
pass through a stage in which all definite religions are judged
and condemned as insincere or untrue ; but either interest in all
ultimate questions vanishes, or the inquirer in time finds himself
drawn to some congregation or fellowship. Even those who are
unable to make any positive spiritual affirmation may unite
in some ethical society. The influence of these bodies, indeed,
13
194
THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
containing some of the most sincere and devoted of men and women,
is altogether under-estimated by the meagre numbers of attendance.
Outside there is much vague social discontent, and often a feeling
of bitterness against all organised religions. But such feelings,
however praiseworthy, are not in themselves guarantees of spiritual
or moral energy. The man who will abstain from church-going,
and informs you with complacency that his religion is that of
the Sermon on the Mount, is usually distinguished by little but an
amiable unwillingness to do conscious injury to those who have not
injured him, and by a determination at least not to love himself less
than his neighbour. As symbols and representatives of whatever
spiritual life still remains in South London, we may quite confidently
limit our outlook to the religious bodies who are dealt with in the
Census returns.
To come then to the facts. Let us first consider the bare aggregate
of numbers. In the appended table, I have taken the borough
populations from the census return of 1901 ; the attendance numbers
are those of the actual Census.
Totals. 1
Males ovek 16.
Females over 15.
Children under 15.
Pop.
Census.
Pop.
Census.
Pop.
Census.
Pop.
Census.
Battersea .
Bermondsey
Camberwell
Deptford ,
Greenwich .
Lambeth .
Lewisham .
Southwark .
Wandsworth
Woolwich .
168,215
129,-368
255,604
110,179
93,475
298,188
125,951
203,373
226,899
116,137
1,727,389
26,130
27,635
64,046
19,569
25,105
62,304
41,375
40,117
54,925
31,511
53,427
41,404
79,206
35,308
30,056
96,429
36,925
67,905
67,115
41,655
6,806
5,824
15,856
5,392
5,6.33
16,881
10,232
9,137
14,984
8,282
58,625
41,987
92,743
38,543
31,810
112,462
51,347
67,703
91,956
36,446
10,399
8,355
25,265
7,348
9,078
27,246
18,585
12,369
24,696
11,099
56,163
45,977
83,655
36,328
31,609
89,297
37,679
67,765
67,828
38,036
8,925
13,456
22,925
6,829
10,394
18,177
12,558
18,611
15,245
12,130
Totals .
392,717
549,430
99,027
623,622
154,440
554,337
139,250
These figures, I think, may be accepted as in substance correct
for South London. A few of our residents may pilgrimage over the
river to St. Paul's or the Abbey or the City Temple ; a few who live
to the north may enter our unknown regions to visit Mr. Meyer's
great church or the Newington Tabernacle of Mr. Spurgeon. But
on the whole we are a self-contained community, with the river as
an effective barrier. Our first conclusion is therefore as follows :
In South Londooi one man out of every twelve^ and one luoman
out of every ten, attends some form of Divine worship each Sunday
morning; and one man in evei'y ten, and one luoman in every seven,
attends each Sunday evening.
THE PROBLEM OF SOUTH LONDON 195
And if we may accept the figures given by the superintendent
— apart from his ingenious experiment I have no means of judging
"whether this estimate be correct — of 38 per cent, making a double
attendance, we can lead on to the further statement :
In South London one man out of every six, and one woman out of
every five, attends some place of luoi'ship at least once every Sunday.
I must confess that this is a far larger proportion than I should
have anticipated. Living amongst a population which has practically
abandoned church-going, I had mechanically interpreted my own
experience into the larger whole : the twelfth man who goes off
to church at eleven o'clock on Sunday morning had escaped my
vision. As a rough estimate I should have given anything from
one to four per cent, as the total actively Christian population of
South London. One is grateful to the census if for this alone —
the revelation of larger numbers of attendance than one had dared
to hope — however much later examination may show such attend-
ance to be meaningless and conventional.
Let us pass from these massed aggregates which mean little,
to the more interesting and difficult analysis of classes — to the
attempt to estimate how these worshipers are divided amongst the
main grades of society in South London. Here is the ready field
of wild deduction. Many critics knowing dimly that Southwark
(say) is poor and Chelsea wealthy, have concluded that the
statistics of the borough of Southwark show the statistics of
church attendance of the poor, and those of the borough of Chelsea
that of the rich. Some have thus discovered a fixed proportion
of church-goers in all classes : others will tell you confidently of
the demonstration by such numbers of the strength of some
particular denomination amongst the poor or the rich. Such crude
deductions are entirely erroneous. On the one hand, a poor
borough may contain places of worship which attract well-to-do
worshippers from a wide area. Southwark, for example, contains
an Anglican and a Roman Catholic cathedral, as well as the
great chapel made famous through the English-speaking world
by the pastorate of Charles Spurgeon, whose enormous audience
of 3,625 represents a similar cathedral gathering. In the poorest
district of Lambeth, again, is the great church presided over
by Mr. F. B. Meyer, which draws a well-to-do and intelligent
audience from all the southern suburbs. And on the other
hand, such a statement altogether neglects the comfortable class
of tradesman and the middle class who live in all the poorer
196 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
boroughs, and provide perhaps the most ardent adherents of
many flourishing religions. Anyone intimate with such a district
will know that it is this class in the main which contributes
such worshippers as the churches and chapels are able to gather
together in working-class districts. The places of worship line
the main thoroughfares : their frequenters are respectable, well-
dressed men and women, the dwellers in those main thoroughfares
and the better-class squares and streets that remain undestroyed.
Investigate every place of worship down (say) Walworth Road
from the " Elephant " to Camberwell Green — the heart of a
poor district. In all the varied centres of religion, whose
buildings are thickly studded at close intervals, you will find no
signs of obvious poverty. In the districts behind, in some obscure
gathering of Primitive Methodists or Bible Christians, you may
discover the class you are seeking. But in all central South
London I have only seen the poor in bulk collected at two places
of religious worship — Mr. Meakin's great hall in Bermondsey, and
St. George's Roman Catholie cathedral at Southwark — an object
lesson in (amongst other things) the wisdom of the permission of
the late Archbishop of Canterbury for the use of incense " for
fumigatory purposes." In South London as a whole — apart from
certain isolated and exceptional instances — I have no hesitation in
saying it is the middle classes that attend church and chapel, the
working classes and the poor who stay away.
This can be illustrated by comparison, not of the large areas
of the boroughs, but of some definite working-class area with
some suburban district. I have been at some pains to make such
a comparison, whose figures are appended. The working-class
area I have chosen is a triangular patch in the centre of South
London, bounded by three great thoroughfares. It is a normal
crowded district with which I am personally familiar, varying from
the lowest poverty to the comparative comfort of skilled industry,
and bounded by the middle-class shopkeepers of the main roads. If
anything, it should be unusually favoured in its religious effort,
for it is the scene of some very interesting experiments ; several
of the public-school and Cambridge College missions are here,
and the well-known Browning Hall settlement. The churches are
high, low, and broad ; the clergy are Tory, Radical, and Socialist ;
they include amongst them borough councillors, guardians, and
two of the best known Radical parsons of London. All types of
Nonconformity are represented, including a flourishing Baptist and
THE PROBLEM OF SOUTH LONDON
197
a flourishing Wesleyan Chapel. Here are the figures of population
and attendance :
Working-Class District *
Holy Trinity ....
Sylvester Street (Brethren) .
St. Andrew's ....
St. Andrew's Mission
Brunswick Church .
Welsh Calvinistic Meth. Church
St. Matthew's ....
Murphy Memorial Cong. Church
Almshouse Chapel (Baptist) .
St. Mary Magdalene
Pilgrim Fathers Cong. Church
Haddon Hall Baptist .
Surrey Square Baptist .
St. George's Hall, Prim. Meth.
The Lady Margaret
Wesleyans (Rodney Road) .
St. John's
Walworth Road Baptist
New Surrey Tabernacle
Victory Place Institution
St. Peter's
Wellington Mission
Sutherland Chapel
Mission Hall, Horsley Street
Salvation Army, South Street
St. Stephen's, AYalworth
All Saints'
Pembroke Mission .
Mina Road Brethren
St. Mark's
Browning Hall
Baptist Church, East Street .
Prim. Meth. Chapel, East Street
Working Men's Mission, York St.
Richmond Street Mission
Totals
Pop.
9,781
7,430
5,288
20,142
5,290
10,963
14,324
6,278
13,609
6,156
99,261
Ch. or England.
Morn.
80
87
65
45
56
75
71
146
52
32
18
47
BTening.
152
164
34
172
144
107
149
94
172
95
70
78
84
774 1,515 1,159 3,096
Nonconformist.
46
34
44
51
66
20
168
104
183
198
15
28
90
39
21
21
7
Evening.
105
166
170
58
178
290
63
253
562
359
294
39
62
40
21
101
95
66
83
22
69
To compare with this I have chosen a suburban district in
* In addition to these there was an attendance of 663 at the Roman Catholic
Church of the English Martyrs, which I have not added in, as the attendance is not
strictly local, and I have no figures for Roman Cathohc attendances in my suburban
district.
198
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
South Dulwich and Forest Hill, which is as yet comparatively free
from the inroad of the working man:
Suburban District
Pop.
Ch. of England.
NONCONFOKMIST.
Morn.
Evening.
Morn.
Evening.
*St. Peter's, East Dulwich
Emmanuel Cong. Church
St. Barnabas', Dulwich Park .
Duhvich College Chapel _
Christ Church Presbyterian .
All Saints', West DuL^vICH .
*St. Stephen's, South Dulwich
*St. Augustine's, Honour Oak .
St. John's Pres. Cburch, Devon Kd.
St. Paul's, Forest Hill
*HoLY Trinity, Sydenham .
Forest Hill Congreg. Church .
Sydenham Baptist Church
Wesleyan Chapel, High Street
Schools
Baptist, Eaglan Street .
Park Hall
St. Philip's, Sydenham
*St. Bartholomew's, Sydenham .
St. Matthew's
Congreg. Church, Jews' Walk
7,413
3,314
3,663
2,855
4,117
673
2,730
3,073
4,258
283
371
293
626
306
283
215
304
321
497
184
286
405
177
418
148
224
254
171
43
243
405
229
415
110
389
69
150
149
55
10
158
491
179
284
103
212
166
7*4
133
Total
32,096
3,683
3,003
1,505
1,642
The figures for the two districts thus compare as follows :
Adult Attendance
Pop.
Church.
Noncon-
formist.
Total.
Percentage
of Poi).
Working-Class District ....
Suburban District
99,261
32,096
2,289
6,686
4,255
3,147
6,644
9,833
6-5
306
The figures become more striking, perhaps, if areas of equal popula-
tion are compared. The single parish of St. Mary Magdalene, Old Kent
Road, contains almost as large a population as five of the suburban
parishes, marked *. But the church attendances are strikingly different.
Adult Attendance
Pop.
Church.
Noncon-
formist.
Total.
Percentage
of Pop.
St. Mary's, Walworth ....
*Five Dulwich and Sydenham Parishes .
20,142
21,373
189
3,320
1,089
2,858
1,278
6,178
6
29
THE PEOBLEM OF SOUTH LONDON 199
When it is further remembered that the suburban district
undoubtedly also supplies worshippers to a number of churches and
chapels outside its borders, and that by scraping off a layer of
middle-class houses from the main streets of Walworth you would
probably diminish your church attendance by at least two-thirds,
I think I may be said to have presented an interesting illustration
of the difference in habits of church attendance between the
prosperous and the poor.*
An isolated example such as this is indeed not conclusive.
But I would ask any critic still doubtful to work out similar
calculations from the Census returns. Let him compare Bermondsey
with Lewisham, inner with outer Lambeth, Deptford with Black-
heath — he will find similar results. The results were, indeed, well
known to those familiar with the life of the poor, and are continually
asserted in Mr. Booth's investigation. The new city race of
workers is developing apart from the influences of religion ; the
spiritual world has vanished from their vision ; the curtain of their
horizon has descended round the little life of toil and struggle
which constitutes their immediate universe. Here and there, widely
scattered, you may find a successful religious community of the
poor ; but these are mere isolated instances in a great area of grey
indifference. The energy, determination, and devotion put forth
by adherents of all the religious bodies to convert some portion of
this vast multitude, is one of the most noticeable displays of self-
sacrificing effort to be found in modern England. Every expedient
is essayed, from the guilds and fraternities, processions and banners
of "advanced" churches to the antics of "Jumping Jack" or
" Salvation Joe " of a different school of Christianity. The wealthier
members of the varied religions generously pour subscriptions and
material gifts for the same arduous task. The best of the younger
members of the Church of England undertake work amongst the
poor, and certainly the standard of the clergy in the central districts
where the churches are empty need not fear comparison with the
standard in the outlying suburbs where the churches are crammed.
If the works done in South London to-day, one is inclined to
* The working-class area I have chosen is perhaps unusually forlorn : it is the
area which the late Charles Haddon Spurgeon once stated was " breaking his heart."
The suburban area I first selected was a district in Norwood, in which there happened
to be no Nonconformist churches. This being so entirely exceptional, I was com-
pelled to select another locality. I need hardly say I have no wish to use these
figures to compare the division of attendance between the different denominations
(such a comparison might be entirely misleading), but merely to compare the aggregate
attendance at worship between the middle class and the poor.
200 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
assert, had been done in Sodom and Gomorrah, they would have
repented in sackcloth and ashes. To all this the great unknown
multitude remains entirely unresponsive. So far as a conscious
spiritual life is concerned the results seem almost negligible. The
key to the heart of South London has not yet been found ; its
interminable streets and desert of crowded dwellings wait for some
outpouring of the spirit as yet withholden ; and against its amiable
acquiescence and passive resistance to the exhortations, threatenings,
and promises of the churches all these energies beat themselves
in vain.
Amongst the third class of residents— the middle classes, stretching
in a kind of skeleton framework through the cities of labour, so
strangely members of this unique community, yet alien from all its
hopes and desires, we can recognise a strong and vigorous religious
life. It develops mainly an individualistic gospel ; stern ; a doctrine
that every man should help himself, and that if he fails it is his
own fault. It recognises an "old-fashioned" teaching — heaven and
hell as realities, unaffected by the destructive influences of modern
ideas. Here, if anywhere, is the survival in London of the Puritan
element, the distrust of worldly pleasures, the looking forward
to the salvation of the elect, escaping, though hardly, from a world
destined for everlasting fire. This population fills the great Baptist
tabernacles which occupy so conspicuous a position in the religious
life of South London. It is interesting to see how its existence
causes a reversal of the standards recognised elsewhere — clergymen,
for example, repeatedly explaining to Mr. Booth that their wealthy
people were "too well off" for the Church of England, or that
the edifice is "placed in a wealthier part among people who are
dissenters or nothing." " These churches," is the verdict on one
district and one religious body — it may be extended to all, — " are
mainly supported by the lower middle class ; with the working class
their difficulties begin, and in the streets that show a really poor
element all religious efforts fail, here as elsewhere." The summary
of a particularly successful Baptist tabernacle in the Peckham
Road is written large over the whole of South London. " Few are
rich, for the rich have left the neighbourhood ; none are poor,
for the poor do not come, and a mission started for their sake has
not been a success. But as a middle-class organisation the church
is the centre of a vigorous congregational life." In these districts
at least. Nonconformists form the aristocracy, and the Church and
the Roman Catholics work with a lower social stratum.
THE PEOBLEM OF SOUTH LONDON 201
In our fourtii class — the residents of the suburbs — we have
perhaps the largest proportion of church attendance in any district
of London. Practically the whole population attends religious
service on Sunday; places of all religions are crowded with over-
flowing congregations. The disintegrating influences which have
swept over society and the West have here as yet scarcely penetrated.
Sunday amusement is still sternly discouraged. Sunday is made
as unpleasant a day as is possible for the ungodly who refuse to
recognise the obligations of worship. The record everywhere is of
activity and enterprise ; munificent sums have been spent on new
buildings and endowments. Church attendance is the fashion, pews
are rented for families ; the chief difficulty is to provide accom-
modation for the increasing populations. Adjacent to each other,
indeed, we have here in South London two populations, each
inhabiting an entirely separate universe. In the centre the
minister may talk with the tongue of man and angel, and
the church remains deserted ; in the suburbs he may roll out
commonplace platitudes, and the church is crammed. " A certain
class will come to church," is the summary of one minister,
" provided you do not positively repel them ; while another class
cannot be induced to come at all." In the suburbs we hear
of districts in which " almost everyone in this neighbourhood
go to some place of worship " ; others where " you have only
to build a church and it will be filled, unless you drive the
people away."
"We are now in a position to gather up a further summary of
the Census conclusions :
In South London the poor (except the Roman Catholic poor) do not
attend service on Sunday, though there are a few churches and missions
which gather some, and forlorn groups can he collected by a liberal
granting of relief.
The working man does not come to church. A few small com-
munities of Primitive Methodists, Baptists, Salvationists, and similar
bodies, as a general rule represent his contribution to the religious life
of the nation.
The tradesmen and middle class of the poorer boroughs exhibit an
active religioiis life, mainly gathered in the larger Nonconformist bodies,
especially the Baptists.
The residents in the suburbs crowd their churches and chapels, and
support tvith impartiality and liberality all forms of organised
religion.
202 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
III
Before dealing with any conclusions, I would briefly note some
further points of interest in connection with the Census figures. I
can but touch the fringe of some questions, which, indeed, demand
a far fuller treatment than they can here receive.
First, I think the statistics conclusively demonstrate the complete
failure of what I may call the " mission " system. The original
conception was an idea of a very attractive simplicity. The parish
church or the mother chapel was to be the place of meeting of a
cultured and comfortable audience, often paying for the seats, and
edified by the ministrations of a cultured and comfortable pastor.
" The poor will not come to church." Their presence in the pews,
if they found their way in, would, indeed, be a little embarrassing.
So in the poor part of the parish a " mission-hall " is built, where
the curate or the faithful laymen of the church may extemporise
popular and breezy addresses, and conduct with the aid of an
harmonium popular and breezy hymns. The mother congregation
will contribute generously to this necessary supplement to their
efforts, the lady members will assist in the singing or become
district visitors, and the hall will be a centre for the liberal dis-
tribution of meat, clothing, and coals. One may perhaps rejoice
at the complete failure of this fundamentally vicious system, as
revealed by these figures. Mr. Booth brought a sweeping indictment
against the whole collection of shabby, dilapidated mission-halls
of tin or drab brick, which he found offered as homes for the
spiritual nourishment of the poor. And in practically every borough
the attendance of adults at these lamentable erections is found to
be approaching the vanishing point. Rarely does it reach a hundred.
43, 34, 16 in the Anglican, 8 in the Baptist, 41, 41 in the
Congregational, I find the mission-hall attendance in one district.
In another are ten Baptist missions with an average morning adult
attendance of 7, and evening of 33 ; in another five Anglican with
a morning average of 13, and evening of 50. Not on such lines,
it may safely be asserted, will the good news of the kingdom of
God come to the working populations of South London.
A second noteworthy feature is the power seemingly possessed
by the old parish churches to gather congregations within their
walls. The}' stand, for the most part, of a Georgian or early
Victorian architecture, like great ships washed by the flood of
humanity which has swept around them ; built for a time when
THE PROBLEM OF SOUTH LONDON 203
Walwortli was a fashionable suburb, or Woolwich a flourishing
self-centred country town. They awaken memories of a vanished
past, before the great torrent of poverty swept down on the fields
and marshes and destroyed, like the lava stream, all green trees
and every living thing. Something, however, of their quaintness
and old-world atmosphere seems to have clung around them. The
services themselves are nearly all of the "moderate" type, most
characteristic of an Established Church and early Victorian religion.
Nearly all these parish churches, with their type of worship now
almost superseded by modern, energetic innovations, exhibit a
noteworthy number of Sunday attendances.
A third item is the manifest tendency of the Nonconformist
worshippers to collect together into strong centres— that centralising
system which is inevitable where preaching is so emphasised and
the stimulus and guidance of the pulpit so much desired. I have
no doubt the tendency implies loss as well as gain— that the smaller
chapels round, which are emptied to swell the great congregations,
must inevitably suffer from depression and a sense of failure. In
Woolwich, for example, we may note Mr. Wilson's great tabernacle,
with an adult attendance of 1,669 ; and ten other Baptist chapels
dividing 1,520 between them, or an average at each service of
76 persons. In Southwark Mr. Spurgeon attracts a magnificent
congregation of 1,064 adults in the morning and 1,954 in the
evening ; the seven adjacent Baptist chapels obtain between
them 873 in the morning and 1,769 in the evening, an average
of 188 per service ; while the adjacent four Congregational churches
are occupied by but 628, or an average of 78. Mr. Meakin's great
hall in Bermondsey, again, with its 1,217 evening attendance, pre-
sents a sharp contrast to adjacent Wesleyan churches with con-
gregations of 12, 130, and 19, and to the desolate condition of
churches and chapels of other bodies in the same desolate region.
Undoubtedly there are high compensating advantages : the power
of the great preacher is multiplied ; the stimulus of these vast
multitudes is invaluable to the bodies of Christians scattered
and small in the surrounding indifference ; the sight of the con-
gregation of the Newington Tabernacle singing hymns on Sunday
evening on the steps of the great edifice is a guarantee to the
heedless stream which passes by that there are some who still
believe in their religion. But work under the shadow of these
cathedral gatherings in the humbler chapels is a depressing
experience : the congregation slowly melts away, as the old
204 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
faithful depart and the younger members are drawn to more
obvious attractions. I know of few more depressing sights than
the gathering of the few score dejected faithful scattered through
buildings of size and pretension from which all the life has
departed.
The parochial system of the Established Church, with its
strong emphasis on local ties, is a resistent against this tendency
in the Anglican community ; the comparatively unimportant place
occupied by the preacher is another. Undoubtedly, however, the
Anglican attendances suffer as well as the Nonconformist from
the attractive influences of these gigantic tabernacles and mission-
halls. One is driven more and more to the conclusion that under
present conditions the percentage of attendance at church to
population in South London is about a fixed number. You may,
by special effort of preaching, music, or excitement, draw a large
and active congregation ; but you have done so by emptying the
churches of your neighbours. The water is not increased in
quantity, but merely decanted from bottle to bottle. In the cases
mentioned above, the great chapels with their allied branches and
their immense activity, I can very gladly testify from personal
knowledge to the vast amount of real spiritual enthusiasm and
benefit which they diffuse. There are, however, other popular
attractive services which must be received with less unqualified
praise. South London is comparatively free — happily free, accord-
ing to Mr. Charles Booth — from some of the more sensational
gigantic efforts that advertise special methods of " getting hold of
the lapsed masses." However praiseworthy in intention, experience
has led me to doubt whether on the whole the harm done is not
at least equal to the good. At the time of the Census a special
effort was being made in Camberwell to reach the outsider by
services at Peckham Theatre. The Census records the immense
attendance of 3,764. The promoters were innocently satisfied with
their efforts, and held that a great work was being accomplished. I
happen to have seen the other side. People who had attended
humble churches and chapels, often miles away, were drawn to
this new spiritual excitement. In many cases they never returned
to their old membership, finding the old methods humdrum and
unstimulating. I am sure I am in agreement with the majority
of the ministers of South London when I say that experience has
driven us profoundly to distrust the large " undenominational "
mission, with its lavish charities and sensational appeals, the
THE PROBLEM OF SOUTH LONDON 205
special advertisement and religious excitement, and all efforts to
reach " the outcast who has never heard of the Gospel " (who does
not exist in South London) by the satisfaction of his stomach or
the adaptation of the methods of the circus and the music-hall.
Another feature of interest is the evidence of the progress of
ritualism and " advanced " doctrine amongst the suburbs of South
London, This was a surprise to me. I had thought its energies
mainly exhibited amongst the rich who were attracted by its
ceremonial and the poor who welcomed its gospel of Socialism and
fellowship. But here are strong churches among the middle
classes — churches mostly built in recent years, and by the worship-
pers themselves without external assistance — evidently providing
something which their congregations desire. Here, if anywhere, is
to be found the ritualistic grocer whom Sir William Harcourt once
challenged his ecclesiastical opponents to produce. The suburbs, I
should have thought, would have remained the last home of
Protestantism, and certainly around the northern boundaries of
London they remain entirely faithful to the evangelical tradition.
But all through the south, from Wandsworth to Woolwich, we find
a string of largely attended " Catholic " churches. Of such are
St. Stephen's, Lewisham, with its daughter church, gathering 1,548
adult worshippers every Sunday ; St. George's, Perry Hill, with its
735 ; and St. Peter's, West Norwood, with its 879. Brixton remains
faithful to its historical past, but Clapham has changed its first
love. Its sympathies, asserts a Nonconformist minister, are now
" Conservative and Ritualistic and Roman Catholic," and the
famous Clapham Sect would be astonished at the services at the
parish church and its missions, and positively appalled by such as
those at Christ Church, Wandsworth Road. Nearer the centre are
such vigorous communities as the Ascension, Lavender Hill, one of
the few churches which Mr. Booth whole-heartedly praises, with
884 worshippers ; and St. John's, Kennington, with its ten curates
and its vast organisation and an attendance of 1,138 adults. In
Dulwich the church is High ; in Streatham there are many
advanced churches. All new districts of mixed population seem
to be eificieiit fields for these newer energies. It is a noteworthy
factor in the estimation of the changing aspects of London's
religious life, a movement still progressing towards an end no one
can clearly foresee.
Space forbids the discussion of many other points of interest
in these figures. There is the smaUness of number and magnitude
206 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
of congregation of the Roman Catliolic churches, revealing both
the poverty of this body in South London and the readiness of
its members to travel considerable distances to fulfil their obligations
of attendance at Mass. There is the astonishing blossoming out
of offshoots and branches of the main stream of Christian life
into all kinds of quaint minor sects, each with its own specific
doctrine and place of meeting. These become most pronounced
in the suburbs, as in Camberwell, where we find the New Jerusalem
Church with 45 morning worshippers, the Calvinistic Independents
with 153, the Christadelphians with 49, besides such less con-
spicuous bodies as the Holiness Gospel Mission with 15, the
Christian Band Hall with 70, and two branches of Spiritualists
with 13 and 39 adherents. Again there is evidence of the
comparative failure of " undenominational " services, with a series
of minute attendances ; the inability of the Salvation Army to
attract inside audiences ; and the great contrast, in the case of the
"Wesleyan Methodists, between attendances at the new centres of
the forward movement and the old circuit chapels. Almost every
group of Christians will find subjects for grave consideration in
this immense investigation.
Finally, it may be asked. What is the relation between these
figures of attendance and actual religious influence ? How far can
the activity of a Church in districts be measured by or limited to
the number of adherents here given ? This is a question largely
a matter of personal impression for which there are no exact
data. My own opinion is that, in translation into the world of
real values, the numbers for the central districts are considerably
too small, those for the suburban considerably too large. This is
due, on the one hand, to the far wider diffusive influence of the
Church in the poorer districts than that which is represented by
the handful of worshippers ; and on the other, to what I might
call the greater religious intensity of the worshippers who do
attend where church-going is out of fashion than of those who
attend where it is the recognised custom. The Church in South
London is a great engine of civilisation. There is a vast network
and machinery of social organisation — clubs, guilds, boys' brigades,
mothers' meetings, improvement societies. It may indeed be
questioned how far a Church is justified in turning its energies
from its definite spiritual mission to the more practical work of
the provision of pleasure and the amelioration of the hard life of
the poor. But certainly it is undoubted that civilisation would
THE PROBLEM OF SOUTH LONDON 207
be considerably delayed were this apparatus removed ; that this
activity has earned for the Church the friendliness and toleration
of vast populations still impervious to its spiritual message, and a
few years ago in an attitude of open hostility. An overwhelming
proportion of the children attend catechism and Sunday school and
are launched into life with such cloudy religious conceptions as these
institutes are able to provide. The clergy are frequent and often
welcome visitors; each individual is present at service at least
at his baptism, his marriage, and his funeral ; and occasionally
on other special occasions — harvest festivals, confirmations, and
the last night of the year. The services of the minister of religion
are requisitioned in times of trouble or illness, and few would
willingly die without at least one visit from the clergyman. All
this means a real if diffusive influence ; rehgious ideas are still
" in the air " ; and the message of the Church, the consciousness
of sin, the need for repentance, and the expectation of future
judgment, have not yet entirely vanished from the mental horizon
of South London.
I should be inclined to assert again that, in quality, our attendance
within the congested area more than compensates for the quan-
tity of the region beyond. We come, if at all, because our religion
is real, and amid the manifested contempt of our neighbours. In
the smaller churches and chapels at least there are no meretricious
attractions to lead us thus to defy public opinion. Suburban
religion is largely of a different character. Much of it is the
mere conventional homage to the accepted gods of the community.
And even the section that is honest and deliberate is often partly
lacking in certain essentials of an active and aggressive Christian
endeavour. It upholds a decent life and a clean moral standard,
with much individual personal piety. But it is far too content
to limit its outlook to its own family or church, heedless of the
great chaos of confusion and failure which lies at its very doors.
It regards with disapproval and often with contempt this world
of poverty with its dumb demand for aid ; it is generous in charity,
but no appeal for justice in the name of the forgotten poor goes
forth with united voice from the churches of South London. It is
content to cultivate its own garden, to save its own soul ; it is loth
to identify its interests with those of its less successful neighbours.
The challenge, " Which think ye was neighbour to him that fell
amongst thieves ? " remains unaccepted. For this neglect of obvious
Christian duty its loss is at least as great as the loss of those it
208 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
declines to aid. It becomes more and more cut off from the
great realities to which a real religion has always appealed. It
draws the line tight round its own border, and endeavours to
satisfy with missions and gifts of money the obligation of personal
service and of a campaign for justice to all the desolate and op-
pressed. It has remained up till now unaffected by destructive
criticism and the changes of thought and outlook which have so
ravaged the orthodox religions in other regions. But there are
not wanting signs of the approach of the disturbance ; it has
still to pass through a time of trial in which it will be tested to
its foundations. Materialism, the lust for pleasure, the modern
impatience with a definite creed, are slowly creeping in to this
vigorous suburban area ; and the negative assertions of science
and biblical criticism are creating centres of local disquietude.
If the prevailing type of religion largely withers before such
forces as these, it will be because it has set itself apart in
comfort, content with a personal creed of salvation; because it
has felt no passionate impulse to assert a common fellowship
with the less fortunate who are lying at its doors — no call to
right the wrongs which, in the words of a great modern reformer,
" cry continually into the ears of the Lord God of Sabaoth."
We have enough facts, I think, to justify us in the statement
that the religious life of England occupies a quite unparalleled
position amid that of the nations of Western Europe. In the case of
all other countries, religion has been practically abandoned by the
rich and successful, and is still grasped with tenacity and devotion
by the masses of the poor. In the cities, indeed, amongst the male
populations of the working classes, the historical faiths of Chris-
tianity have been replaced to a large extent by the newer creed
of Socialism. But Socialism, with its sense of fellowship, its demand
for the merging of the individual life in the success of the cause,
its uplifting of an ideal condition of justice, and its effort towards
a day of better things in many ways provides a background
to life and the vision of a larger horizon which is one of the
main functions of religion. But in England exactly the reverse
conditions prevail. The claims of religion are still acknowledged
by the rich and governing classes ; they are altogether inoperative
amongst the lives of the poor. No Socialism or dreams of a
renovated society have entered the chambers left empty by their
absence. Few can doubt that it is we who are the losers by this
difference. Religion to the rich is a by-product — a luxury or a
THE PROBLEM OF SOUTH LONDON 209
plaything ; religion to the poor is an essential ingredient of lives
at the best stunted and confined, oppressed by the perplexities of
existence and limited by the day's toil or the evening's pleasure.
It is not an encouraging picture which is finally stamped upon our
minds by our investigation of human life in South London. It
is a vision of vast and shadowy multitudes of human beings
driven by some blind impulse to the struggle for material comfort
and the needs of a day. Happiness is there, family affection, the
play of children, even ambition and a high moral standard.
But it is the life of a day with a narrowed outlook. There is
light to work by, but no clear glory of dawn or sunset. At the
end comes nightfall, with no vision beyond. Vague hope of a
better time for the children seems rarely to develop into a
conscious effort after the attainment of a new social order ; vague
acknowledgment of a phantom and tenuous life beyond the grave
is the sole representative of that hunger for immortality which in
every age has refused to acquiesce in the visible ruin of death.
Those who have lived with and learnt to love the peoples of
South London, with their indomitable cheerfulness, pluck, and
endurance, will be the first to affirm that their predominant need
is this sense of a larger life, without which human existence is as
that of the gnat or the midge ; this uplifting of the material
surroundings to show, if but for a moment, an encompassing
spiritual horizon ; and an ideal cause able to illuminate even the
scene of contemporary failure with a kind of glory.
IV
It is interesting to note how, in the discussion of remedies for
the ineffectiveness of religion in modern England as revealed by
this Census, almost all critics plunge straightway into the question
of machinery. The worship of machinery, as Matthew Arnold
continually asserted, is a national characteristic of Englishmen.
And each observer appears to hold that if that particular section
of the machine in which he can detect a flaw could be repaired,
or if a particularly up-to-date invention replaced some antiquated
adjustment, the machinery of the Churches would once again
grind out religious enthusiasm. With one it is the edifice ; he
deplores the cold Gothic building, repellent to the poor; he would
substitute large lighted halls of the remarkable and dignified style
characteristic of the later nineteenth century, with plenty of
14
210 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
carpets, paint, and colour. "Witli another it is the edifices them-
selves ; let the leaders of religion come out into the street, he
holds, and the problem is solved. "With one again it is the
service, antiquated, unintelligible to the vulgar ; collect a band,
he urges, sing the " Holy City " and other moving modern
melodies, weave into your prayers allusions to politics and
incidents of the day. "With another it is the sermon ; the minister
is too cold, or speaks with stammering tongue. Let us place a
great preacher in every pulpit, and the masses will vehemently
fight for entrance to our churches. Some advocate, some deprecate,
the methods of the theatre ; some would abolish pews altogether,
and let the men stand ; some see the inevitable advance of religion
if pews are made more comfortable. Each one has convinced
opinions as to what " the poor " will come to— the large hall,
the small mission, the street corner. Few seem to care to face
the question what we have to offer " the poor " when they
come.
All this would be very relevant if we could recognise large
populations with real desire after religious devotion on the one
hand, and a Church with a living message which can satisfy this
desire on the other. The whole problem would then exhibit itself
as a consideration of the method by which the one can be most
effectively brought in contact with the other. But the conditions
are just the opposite. On the one hand we have masses to whom
the spiritual world has no meaning, and from whose lives the
very fundamental bedrock effects of religion seem to have
vanished ; on the other we have Churches whose faith has grown
cold, and whose good news sounds far removed from anything
approaching the passionate enthusiasm of other Christian centuries.
Were this indeed present, the problem of machinery would soon
be solved. Preachers would be speaking with a conviction itself
eloquent ; the services would take on themselves a character of
infectious courage ; the people would themselves build, as always
in the past, edifices reflecting in the very stones the characteristics
of their faith ; religion would impetuously flood out from their
limited spaces into the common ways of men. And until such a
wind of the spirit can animate the dry bones of religious organi-
sation with some such violent life, all conscious modifications of
machinery become but attempts at creating the soul by the body,
the artificial galvanising from without of an organism from which
the inner life has fled.
THE PROBLEM OF SOUTH LONDON 211
Yet, even with such imperfect message as we have, it is well
to criticise the vessels in which it is conveyed ; more especially
if these be but particular survivals of antique furniture, or
symbols of class distinction and a dead faith. How far and
in what particulars, we may profitably inquire, is the message
of our Churches in South London hampered by its methods of
deliverance.
First in regard to the services. Undoubtedly we are here
suffering from the dead hand of the past. The morning and
evening services of the Church of England, as normally per-
formed, with their complicated and mysterious variations of
canticles, prayers, and irrelevant readings of Scripture, are alto-
gether bewildering to those not intimately familiar with the
books from which they are compiled. The reformers of the
sixteenth century endeavoured to restore the worship to the people
in the vulgar tongue. Unfortunately, the Reformation was in
essence aristocratic, never, as the Reformation abroad, awakening
response from the masses of the population. The churches passed
from the hands of the people, who ceased to take a pride in
them ; the Church services became more and more an inheritance
of a limited aristocracy ; the search for something more warm,
human, and inspiring contributed largely to create the great
independent bodies which in all the subsequent centuries have
formed minor centres of worship. I have no hesitation in saying
that, for the majority of the poor, our services are as incom-
prehensible as if still performed in the Latin tongue. The
central service of the Roman Church, indeed, with its dramatic
and appealing character, is far more intelligible even to the
humblest worshipper. The Reformation gave us the essentials
of the Mass in the English Communion service, a service for
dignity and beauty quite unparallelled. The monkish matins were
never intended for this formal parade on one day of the week,
swollen by elaborate music into intolerable dimension. Anyone
concerned with the religious life of the poor will welcome most
heartily the increased honour paid to the feast of the Lord's
Supper in recent years, and the progress towards its restoration
to the central position of the Sunday worship. Such a change
alone would, I believe, remove one of the chief obstacles to
Church attendance.
One may welcome also the renewed efforts after light, colour,
and beauty; the introduction of symbolic action, procession, and
212 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
some elements of movement and drama into the drabness of our
churciies. Religion is independent of sucli adventitious aids, and
the essentials must never be lost in the attractions of sensuous
imagery. But I am sure that, in the acres of desolate hideousness
of the streets of our working populations, all the appeals of sense
and sound and colour should be associated with a worship which
is to lift the minds of tired men and women to some other vision
than that of their material meanness. I should like to see the
churches of the wealthy studiously plain ; not vulgar, indeed,
like the "up-to-date" religious edifice, a building which will serve
as a record and a warning to future ages of the condition of
religion in twentieth-century England ; but with whitewashed walls
and scant decoration ; that in weekly worship they may contrast
this simplicity with the splendour of their own homes, and
acknowledge a different standard of reality to man and to God.
And I would see the churches of the poor rich with colour and
light — with great paintings on all the walls and the freest use of
every artistic appeal— that these also might learn from day to
day that the monotony and material horror of the grey streets
in which they are confined, and the grey lives to which they are
destined, is not a destiny which was designed for them, nor a
bondage from which they will never be freed.
In passing from the performance to the character of the
service, we are confronted with a manifest difficulty. Living in a
transitory time of order, and with a vision limited to our own
settled and decent lives, much of the language used by men who
dwelt amongst the enduring facts of human existence appears
to us archaic and meaningless. "Agony and bloody sweat;"
" widows and orphans and all that are desolate and oppressed ; "
"battle, murder and sudden death;" "the hour of death and the
day of judgment," — how faint and far away it all seems to the
rational and settled life of suburban London ! The difficulty will
endure but for a time ; the persistence of comfort during which
man can live in a world of illusion has never existed but for a
few generations. Here, if anywhere, the absence of sj^mpathetic
imagination, and the faithlessness of the Churches to the larger
vision, has produced an aspect of make-believe. If once these
congregations could be roused to apprehension of something
of the real world outside — of Ireland or South Africa in the
immediate past, of Macedonia in the immediate present, of the life
of the poorest always — these exclamations and cries of vehement
THE PEOBLEM OF SOUTH LONDON 213
appeal would become cHarged with an awful significance, a demand
urged with violence in the name of fear and pity for the
vindication of the government of a righteous God.
And as with the service, so with the sermon. I would not
reiterate the demand for " good preaching," which seems to me
utterly to confuse the purposes of the services of the Church.
We meet, not for edification, but for worship — to confess our sins,
to obtain spiritual succour, to renew the visible guarantee of
fellowship. Eloquence will instruct everywhere, in the pulpit as
in the market-place. But the crowds that run after a popular
preacher, that purchase his portraits and finger his clothes and pry
into his family life and the contents of his larder, seem to me
somehow alien from the sincerest forms of religion. Yet there is
no doubt we laymen have a right to appeal for better preaching :
that the pulpit in many cases is not only not an attractive, but is
actually a repellent, force. We have no right to demand eloquence,
but we may demand sincerity, the frank facing of difficulty,
freedom from the conventional machinery of the popular exposition
of doctrine. The prevailing theology, even more perhaps than
the prevailing liturgy, is wrapped up in an ancient language.
The very terms are technical — grace, justification, conversion,
perseverance. They flow out glibly from the student who has
soaked himself in their historical meanings ; they are Grreek to
the general. They were once living realities for which men fought
and gladly died; they still symbolise realities, the permanent
elements of the life history of the soul; but they are wrapped
around in cobwebs and the complications of a technical system,
frozen into sterility; and they have no more meaning and no
more appeal to the audience at whom they are thrown in such
profusion than the details of the performance of the Mosaic ritual,
or the genealogies of the legendary heroes of the Hebrew Bible.
We want neither edifying lessons drawn from the wanderings of
Israel or the Book of Joshua ; nor brilliant " word-painting " of
some of the scenes described in the Bible with a more appealing
eloquence ; nor the exposition of the machinery of schemes of
salvation once real from which the life has departed; but some
message concerning the things of the spirit, delivered in simplicity
and humility and sincerity to men who would fain be simple and
humble and sincere.
There are many other questions of machinery which invite
discussion. There is the corrupting effect of the association of
214 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
" charity " (so called) with the spiritual efforts of the Churches,
so dismally emphasised in Mr. Charles Booth's researches. There
is the complete failure of the Sunday schools either to implant
intelligible religious ideas or to foster a desire for spiritual
communion and worship. There is the (as I think) deplorable
theory that some special kind of popular "hall" is necessary for
the development of the religion of " the poor " ; that by massing
these into huge aggregations you may encourage their reviving
energies, save the expense of too lavish "plant," and use your
single successful evangelist to the best advantage. But I must
hurry on from these attractive topics to the last subject of
investigation — the spirit that lies behind the machinery, and its
influence on the religious life of London.
On the side of the working peoples this is certainly a period of
unusual difficulty. The uprooting from the country and the trans-
ference to the town has caused a general confusion and disorder.
Man has not yet clearly apprehended his position or appreciated
its possibility. He has been " dumped " down in some casual
street, unknown to his neighbours, unconnected with a corporate
body or fellowship. He goes through his life in a kind of con-
fused twilight, dimly wondering what it all means. Material
comfort and security is inevitably under these conditions his main
interest ; the memories of a life which is independent of the hard,
visible, tangible boundaries become daily dimmer, as he clangs the
hammer, or heaves merchandise, or manipulates continually hard
material things. I think we may safely affirm that this creation
of a city race is in no small degree responsible for the present
manifest failure of appeal of all spiritual creeds.
But the failure is none the less considerable from the side of
the Churches. We come from outside with our gospel,- aliens with
alien ideas. The Anglican Church represents the ideas of the
upper classes, of the universities, of a vigorous life in which bodily
strength, an appearance of knowledge, a sense of humour, occupy
prominent places. The large Nonconformist bodies represent the
ideals of the middle classes, the strenuous self-help and energy which
have stamped their ideas upon the whole of Imperial Britain. Each
lives in poor districts, in them, not of them; each totally fails to
apprehend a vision of life as reared in a mean street, and now
confronting existence on a hazardous weekly wage from a block-
dwelling or the half of a two-storied cottage. Our movements and
inexplicable energies are received with a mixture of toleration
THE PROBLEM OF SOUTH LONDON 215
and perplexity. "We are recognised as meaning well, but our
aims and ideals never become clearly intelligible. " What is he
after?" "What does he get?" "What is behind it all?"— are
questions I have heard frequently asked as some church has
bourgeoned out into fresh and ingenious enterprise. Sometimes
we are interpreted as pursuing some deep game of party politics;
sometimes as a kind of unofficial policemen paid by the rates and
taxes ; more often perhaps as possessed of a kind of exuberant
energy which must somehow find relief in religious services and
mothers' meetings. Funds from outside raise churches and chapels ;
funds from outside provide clubs and material relief. We appear
and we vanish. After a few months of this perplexing enthusiasm
the curate or minister is called to another sphere of work, and
disappears from the universe of those who had just, perhaps,
commenced to realise that he possesses some traits of ordinary
humanity. If we could only apprehend how entirely baffiing and
irrational all this must appear to those who are looking out of,
instead of into, the abyss, our surprise, I think, would be less at
the vastness of our failure than at the magnitude even of our
poor success.
Connected with this divergence we must recognise how scantily
up to the present the Churches and missions have identified
themselves with those demands of Labour which, from the
bottom of his heart, the working man knows to be just. The
battles of the past for social amelioration — with shame let us
confess it — have been fought apart from, and often with the open
opposition of, the larger religious organisations. " All the Churches
are against me," Lord Shaftesbury notes at the outset of his
great campaign for the salvation of the child-life of England ; and
the bitterest opposition to such social reformers as Charles Kingsley
came from the official Christian communities. Are we better than
our fathers ? Factory law, the right of combination, free trade,
sanitary dwellings, humane poor law — these were slowly and
painfully accomplished without the assistance of the Churches.
The needs are as insistent to-day. Decent housing and a home,
shorter hours of labour, a living wage, opportunities of life, the
development of common interests in the municipal community —
where in such questions of fundamental justice as these are the
united voices of the Christian community demanding the recog-
nition of a universal responsibility in the name of the common
fellowship? Undoubtedly it is because a certain section of the
216 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Higli Cliurcli party have fearlessly proclaimed this social gospel
of a visible kingdom of God that they have earned, to a degree
so perplexing to many who deplore their doctrines, the respect
and friendship of the leaders of labour and the devotion of the
poor. The High Church clergymen have no monopoly of devoted
work, nor do they give in charity more than the missions which
endeavour to stem their influence. The working man has no affection
for elaborate ritual ; he accepts with resignation, as part of an
inexplicable activity, the ornaments, the processions, and the
ceremony. If they processioned round their churches standing on
their heads, he would accept it with the same acquiescence. But
they have gone down and lived amongst the people; they have
proclaimed an intelligible gospel of Christian Socialism ; they have
demanded not charity, but justice. The campaign has earned them
a storm of obloquy from the world of orthodox religion ; it has
earned them the affection of the poor. Such a life as that of Father
Mackonoche, or Father Lowder, or, in recent times, Father Dolling,
with his continual appeal for "a chance" for "my people," has
struck the popular imagination, and evoked a pathetic gratitude.
I am aware that this social message is not the whole Gospel, not
perhaps the most important part of the Christian message. But
it is far the hardest part to get uttered, and it is the message which
the times imperatively demand. The cry for justice provokes a bitter
indignation in quarters where the plea for charity evokes a ready
response. It is not unnatural that many successful enterprises
doing much good work should hesitate to alienate their supporters
and subscribers with the more difficult and revolutionary teachings
of the New Testament. But I am entirely convinced that no message
which does not contain as an integral and essential part of its
proclamation this hope of a visible social salvation will fall upon
any but deaf ears amongst the working populations of our great
cities.
Let us fairly face realities. It is we professing Christians, as
has been a little cynically asserted, who are the chief obstacles
to the spread of Christianity in England. Those outside the
Church are continually confronting the charters of our creed
and the weekly profession of our intentions with the dull and
uninspired acquiescence of our daily lives. Small wonder that
they conclude on the whole that they cannot understand what
we are after, and that what they can understand they don't
admire. They see us as eager and tenacious of social and
THE PROBLEM OF SOUTH LONDON 217
monetary success as those wlio make no profession of iinworldliness.
They note our great charities, but they note an equal if not greater
charity in the unbeliever ; in such a class as, for example, the
players of a theatre, which many of us profess to despise. In many
quarters the advice has been traditional amongst the workmen to
avoid a " Christian " employer. They discern us as kindling into
occasional spasmodic violence, not at social wrong or the enormous
suffering of the world, but when we accuse one particular Church of
attempting to overreach the others in the distribution of public funds.
They find us noisily advertising our own wares and proclaiming
the shoddiness of our neighbours ; devoting at least as much
energies to the undermining of their efforts as to the establishment
of our own. They note large numbers of actively professing
Christians who manifest no obvious fruits of the spirit ; who are
querulous or exacting masters or mistresses, whose lives pass in
a cold routine of self-centred business ; who are far removed from
that eager and passionate enthusiasm of humanity to which St.
Paul affixed the great name of charity. The verdict may be
superficial — it neglects, and unfairly neglects, the other side of
the picture : but that it is a verdict endorsed explicitly and
implicitly by a vast proportion of the population of South
London, I have no doubt whatever.
Religion has rejoiced in the clear knowledge of God and
forgotten the fellowship of man. And the punishment has been,
not the overthrow of its outward prosperity, but the slow with-
drawal of that revelation of which it seemed to possess so secure
a certainty. So that now we walk for the most part blindly, in
the twilight, with no clear vision of a spiritual world and an
unseen Father. The way back to the unclouded height may be
through the humble and deliberate search after that fellowship
which has been offended and denied. Confronted with the Census
of attendance at Sunday worship and the daily life of the Churches,
I can offer no more sensational advice to myself and to others
than a renewed study of the New Testament and the first message
of the gospel. Teaching so familiar as to become meaningless
may suddenly assume a new significance. The feast to which
first are to be called the friendless and poor ; the " Inasmuch "
with its triumph and its mysterious warning ; the strange and
solitary revelation of future judgment for a rich man who lived
happily with want and misery lying unnoticed at his doors; the
woes pronounced on the complacent orthodox religions, so entirely
218 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
convinced tliat they are fulfilling every jot and tittle of the law;
these have a meaning for Christianity in England at the dawn of
the twentieth century. Assuredly it is as well that the old gospel
should be given a trial before we proclaim the necessity for a new.
There need never be despair of the future of religion. Humanity, as
a great philosopher affirmed, is not destined permanently to inhabit
ruins. A world that is forgetting God does not involve a God
who is forgetting the world. It may well be that the next
movement of spiritual advance will arise from without, not from
within the churches ; as so many of the great restorative movements
of the past generation, whose divine origin and guidance were
unrecognised by the members of the organised Christian community.
But one may very confidently affirm that the time of frost and
present cold will break up before the warmth of another spring.
The Church by its unfaithfulness to its great calling may prolong
the misery and increase the confusion of time ; no human wilful-
ness or weakness can for ever delay the restitution of all things
and the triumph of the end. For South London there remain
a purpose and high meaning ; a new dawn will one day illuminate
its desolation ; each life of its bafEed multitude, perishing, as it
seems, unheeded and alone, is destined at last to find the purpose
of its being in union with the Infinite, at once its origin and
its goal.
Borough of Wandsworth
CHURCH OF ENGLAITD
CHURCH.
MORNING.
1 EVENING.
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
All Saints', Putney
45
153
108
306
46
96
36
178
484
All Saints', Wandsworth
77
87
75
239
66
99
47
212
451
Holy Trinity, Roehampton.
All Saints', New Park Road
87
192
142
421
35
70
53
158
579
42
87
39
168
26i
48
19
93
261
Holy Trinity, Putney Heath
88
239
70
397
33
39
27
99
496
St. Augustine's, Tooting
15
19
142
176
26
43
38
107
283
St. Alban's, Streatham Park
117
197
125
439
58
73
37
168
607
St. Andrew's, Eai'Isfield
67
99
98
264
115
163
84
302
626
St. Anne's, Wandsworth
203
335
179
717
255
344
97
696
1,413
St. Barnabas', Southfields .
15
18
27
60
60
St. Faith's, Wandsworth .
"37
"51
152
240
43
85
68
196
436
St. John the Evangelist's,
Putney Hill .
91
191
82
364
59
73
32
164
528
St. Mary's, Summers Town
21
2G
78
125
35
47
76
158
283
St. Mary-the- Virgin's, Put-
ney
84
138
209
431
89
159
118
366
797
St. Mary Magdalene's,
Wandsworth Common
151
266
163
580
73
148
46
267
847
St. Michael and All Angels',
Southfields
45
113
102
260
59
76
64
199
459
St. Paul's, Augustus Road .
71
130
65
266
17
16
19
52
318
St. Stephen's, Putney .
Christ Ch., Wandsworth Rd.
134
308
131
573
77
153
34
264
837
63
101
112
276
49
90
32
171
447
St. John the Evangelist's,
Clapham Road .
30
67
51
148
29
45
22
96
244
St. Peter's Almhouse
Chapel, Wandsworth
7
15
2
24
24
Church of the Ascension,
BalhamHill .
148
307
121
576
105
170
31
306
882
St. Nicholas, Tooting .
70
153
335
558
68
120
78
266
824
St. John the Divine's, Bal-
ham
91
176
104
371
68
108
45
221
592
St. John's, Eardley Road .
42
70
32
144
40
85
24
149
293
St. Mary's, Balham High Rd.
133
337
201
671
117
193
135
445
1,116
St. Stephen's, Clapham Park
68
134
94
296
49
65
25
139
435
Holy Trinity, Clapham Com.
180
334
127
641
132
212
50
394
1,035
St. James', Clapham Park .
155
330
190
675
134
209
67
410
1,085
St. Paul's, Clapham
83
185
105
373
98
176
76
350
723
St. Peter's, Clapham .
81
147
64
292
70
166
39
275
567
St. Saviour's, Wandsworth
Road
71
115
56
242
61
75
15
151
393
St. Thomas', Streatham Hill
50
108
33
191
48
85
32
165
356
Christ Ch., Streatham Hill
84
229
92
405
60
105
31
196
601
St. Margaret's, Streatham
Hill .....
68
182
84
334
45
126
20
191
525
All Saints', Streatham.
38
70
87
195
19
53
34
106
301
Immanuel, Streatham Com.
297
412
209
918
82
174
63
319
1,237
Magdalen Chapel, Leigham
Court Road
62
263
47
372
20
164
4
188
560
St. Andrew's, Streatham
Common ....
61
117
109
287
56
97
62
215
502
St. Anselm's, Streatham
48
74
86
208
30
49
17
96
304
St. Leonard's, Streatham .
170
380
170
720
134
266
53
453
1,173
St. Paul's Mission Church,
Streatham.
8
32
9
49
49
Holy Trinity, Up. Tooting .
210
390
226
826
220
454
117
791
1,617
3,678
7,312
4,695
15,685
2,876
5,084
2,005
9,965
25,650
219
220
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Church of England Missions
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Bendon Valley Mission
St. Michael's, Southfields .
All Saints', Wandsworth
Plain
St. Andrew's, Ilarlsfield Rd.
St. Anne's, Garratt Lane .
St. Nicholas', Tooting .
St. Stephen's, Balham Hill .
St. Stephen's, Putney Bridge
Road
St. James' Schools, Clapham
Park Road
Immanuel, Streatham Com.
St. Anne's, Clapham .
Holy Trinity, Tooting.
4
"l
6
8
3
'"9
12
3
"2
6
8
7
'" 7
20
119
90
i'68
136
53
95
167
245
126
90
171
148
69
105
183
277
6
10
5
5
15
6
11
11
"10
"9
19
23
17
4
14
5
18
34
"25
"32
10
6
18
174
8
18
10
54
'"5
"47
35
39
40
183
37
29
39
99
"40
"88
161
129
40
3M
185
29
39
168
105
40
183
365
Total ....
43
53
1,073
1,169
88
191
350
629
1,798
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
High Road, Upper Tooting
96
119
64
279
53
73
21
147
426
East Hill, Wandsworth
110
147
159
422
191
241
33
465
887
Up. Richmond Rd., Putney
106
153
78
337
127
128
28
2&^
620
Balham Hill.
22
36
48
106
18
38
19
75
181
High Street, Clapham.
144
165
77
38G ]
107
152
22
281
667
High Road, Streatham
124
158
197
479 !
82
150
32
264
743
Total ....
608
778
623
2,009
578
782
155
1,515
3,524
"Wesleyan Methodist Missions
Emmanuel, Tooting .
North Street, Wandsworth .
Eardley Road, Streatham .
South Street, Wandsworth .
26
19
4
13
"25
4
109
iio
56
148
154
64
44
16
30
8
27
27
40
20
22
35
61
12
93
78
131
40
241
78
285
104
Total ....
49
42
275
366
98
114
130
342
708
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
High Street, Wandsworth .
Balham Grove
Tooting Vestry Hall .
Angles Road, Streatham
30
30
8
6
21
44
5
7
10
43
73
6
61
117
86
19
30
41
22
7
29
83
23
18
8
18
19
6
67
142
64
31
128
259
150
50
Total ....
74
77
132
283
100
153
51
304
587
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Park Crescent, Clapham
Park Road
Riggindale Rd., Streath.am.
34
20
30
26
40
21
104
67
31
66
52
88
6
19
89
168
193
235
Total ....
54
56
61
171
97
135
25
257
428
SOUTH LONDON— WANDSWORTH
221
BAPTIST CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for tha
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day,
East Hill, Wandsworth
184
190
244
618
158
249
38
445
1,063
Earlsfield, Magdalen Road .
Werter Road, J?utnev •
34
30
42
106
42
50
20
112
218
48
86
80
214
79
137
35
251
465
Southfields, Merton Road .
20
21
48
89
26
35
37
98
187
West Hill, Wandsworth .
33
34
34
101
29
41
11
81
182
Victoria, Wandsworth
107
111
93
311
131
178
50
359
670
Longley Rd. , Lower Tooting
25
35
110
170
45
56
23
124
294
Ramsden Road, Balham
82
109
102
293
125
206
29
360
653
Trinity, Balham .
24
22
24
70
17
25
5
47
117
Ebenezer, Clapham
20
48
18
86
31
54
25
110
196
Grafton Square^ Clapham .
Zion's Hill, S. Lambeth
60
64
150
274
74
108
113
295
569
28
30
18
76
29
51
4
84
160
Le%vin Road, Streatham
22
39
58
119
23
49
18
90
209
Providence, Streatham
7
16
11
34
8
22
5
35
69
Salem, New Park Road
59
96
48
203
52
106
16
174
377
Trinity Road
122
213
134
469
69
143
15
227
696
Total . . . .
875
1,144
1,214
3,233
938
1,510
444
2,892
6,125
Baptist Missions
Wardley St., Garratt Lane.
Bedford Hill, Balham .
Lyham Road, Brixton.
"3
9
'"7
"1
2
1
"11 1
11
9
5
8
25
9
...
16
'"4
50
14
12
50
25
23
Total ....
12
7
3
22
22
34
20
76
98
CONGREaATIONAL CHURCH
Earlsfield Rd,, Garratt Lane
34
31
63
128
70
120
54
244
372
East Hill, Wandsworth
198
230
104
532
152
181
29
362
894
High Road, Upper Tooting
156
206
122
484
91
137
21
249
733
High Street, Tooting .
67
72
111
250
88
142
36
266
516
Grafton Square, Clapham .
Queen's Place, Wandsworth
163
251
85
499
164
175
62
401
900
Road
8
1
86
95
9
26
41
76
171
Streatham Hill .
56
79
92
227
42
49
3
94
321
High Road, Streatham
98
124
33
255
45
68
8
121
376
Total ....
780
994
696
2,470
661
898
254
1,813
4,283
Congregational Missions
Thomsett Rd., Garratt Lane
3
2
90
95
95
Belmont Road, Clapham .
Broadwater Road, Tooting .
27
5
104
136
136
3
14
41
58
58
Blackshaw Road, Summers
Town ....
9
2
38
49
6
11
7
24
73
Memorial Hall, Wandsworth
15
9
6
30
30
Garratt Lane Mission .
3
1
92
96
10
19
10
39
135
Victoria Hall
18
21
34
73
21
39
17
77
150
Total ....
57
29
268
354
58
94
171
323
677
UNION CHURCH (BAPTIST AND CONGREGATIONAL)
Ravenna Road, Putney
83 124
41 248
64
90
26 180
428
222
THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Union Church Mission
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Oxford Rd. Institute, Putney
2
60
62
18
27
17
62
124
UNION CHURCH (BAPTIST AND PRESBYTERIAN)
Wandsworth Rd. Tabernacle
10
14
30
14
28
50
80
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Merton Road, Wandsworth
Briar Walk, Putney .
St. Peter's, Upper Tooting .
Trinity, Streatham
49
47
12.5
70
56
79
147
140
25
59
66
72
130
185
338
282
37
27
94
43
42
38
78
64
8
14
11
7
87
79
183
114
217
264
521
396
Total ....
291
422
222
935
201
222
40
463
1,398
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS
Meeting House, 31, High St.
26
35
SALVATION ARMY
Balham
Tooting ....
Clapham ....
South Street, Wandsworth .
20
7
12
44
18
8
10
31
27
5
89
38
42
27
164
24
7
19
67
67
16
24
96
11
14
6
35
102
37
49
198
140
79
76
362
Total ....
83
67
121
271
117
203
66
386
657
BRETHREN
Waldron Gospel Hall,
Wandsworth
7
7
1
15
7
21
10
38
53
Longley Rd., Lower Tooting
24
10
14
48
22
14
14
50
98
Narbonne Avenue, Clapham
Common ....
44
73
29
146
33
38
15
86
232
Mitcham Lane .
20
25
5
50
12
20
32
82
Balham Grove
48
61
17
126
31
41
6
78
204
Pinfold Road, Streatham .
19
33
15
67
14
19
3
36
103
Loat's Road, Clapham Park
Road
2
2
2
6
3
5
8
14
Carfax Square, Clapham
Park Road
25
30
12
67
23
20
13
56
123
Total ....
189
241
95
525
145
178
61
384
909
FREE EPISCOPAL CHURCH
Emmanuel, Upper Rich-
mond Road, Putney.
26
40
27
93
15
39
8
62
155
SOUTH LONDON— WANDSWORTH
BIBLE CHEISTIAK" CHUKCH
223
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Mon.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Wirtemberg St. , Clapham .
11
16
18
45
22
19
5
46
91
UNITARIAN CHURCH
East Hill, Wandsworth
44
53 38
135
50 50
16
116
251
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Joseph's, Roehampton .
80
106
42
228
19
16
13
48
276
St. Thomas of Canterbury's,
West Hill.
173
311
230
714
36
48
31
115
829
Church of the English Mar-
tyr, Streatham .
196
467
219
882
23
78
6
107
989
Church of the Holy Ghost,
Wandsworth Common .
169
337
181
687
28
71
47
146
833
Convent Chapel of the
Blessed Sacrament .
36
43
39
118
118
Our Lady of Good Counsel
and St. Anthony
36
78
60
174
5
12
13
30
204
St. Mary, ClajDham Park .
535
828
380
1,743
156
301
50
507
2,250
Sacred Heart, ClajDham Pk.
5
62
1
68
5
73
5
83
151
Our Lady of Compassion .
30
63
26
119
22
18
13
53
172
Total ....
1,260
2,295
1,178
4,733
294
617
178
1,089
5,822
OTHER SERVICES
Sefton Hall, Putney .
1
10
27
26
63
63
Eltringham, 264, York Rd.
7
10
3
20
20
Granville, Merton Road
13
4
41
58
20
31
19
70
128
HomeMission, Garratt Lane
11
7
28
46
9
8
15
32
78
Bethany, Southfields .
6
4
24
34
16
11
8
35
69
162, High Street, Tooting .
13
17
3
33
33
Bethel, Balham New Road .
16
12
4
32
32
Shaftesbury, Wandsworth
Common ....
2
3
18
23
23
Y.W.C.A., 42, Disraeli Rd.
56
56
56
London City Mission, 344,
York Road, Wandsworth
4
13
9
26
26
London City Mission, Asso-
ciation Rooms, South St.
6
17
8
31
31
London City Mission, Lait-
wood Road, Balham
7
21
34
62
62
London City Mission, Bro-
mell's Road, Clapham
3
7
1
11
11
London City Mission,
Grange Road, Clapham .
9
16
2
27
27
Young Men's Mission, 525,
Wandsworth Road .
15
12
27
27
Down Lodge, West Hill
69
108
41
218
218
Clapham Assembly Rooms
(Spiritualist)
24
33
1
58
58
London City Mission, Piatt
Hall
35
52
48
135
135
Total ....
30
15
93
138
265
454
240
959
1,097
224
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
for the
Day.
Church of England
3,678
7,312
4,695
15,685
2,876
5,084
2,005
9,965
25,650
„ „ Missions
43
53
1,073
1,169
88
191
350
629
1,798
Wesleyan Meth. Church
608
778
623
2,009
578
782
155
1,515
3,524
„ „ Missions
49
42
275
366
98
114
130
342
708
Primitive Meth. Church
74
77
132
283
100
153
51
304
587
U. Meth. Free Church .
54
56
61
171
97
135
25
257
428
Baptist Church
875
1,144
1,214
3,233
938
1,510
444
2,892
6,125
„ Missions .
12
7
3
22
22
34
20
76
98
Congregational Church
780
994
696
2,470
661
898
254
1,813
4,283
„ Missions
57
29
268
354
58
94
171
323
677
Union Churches .
91
134
115
340
90
131
71
292
632
Presbyterian Church .
291
422
222
935
201
222
40
463
1,398
Society of Friends
9
9
8
26
5
4
9
35
Salvation Army .
83
67
121
271
117
203
66
386
657
Brethren
189
241
95
525
145
178
61
384
909
Free Episcopal Church .
26
40
27
93
15
39
8
62
155
Bible Christian Church
11
16
18
45
22
19
5
46
91
Unitarian Church .
44
53
38
135
50
50
16
116
251
Roman Catholic Church
1,260
2,295
1,178
4,733
294
617
178
1,089
5,822
Other Services
30
15
93
138
265
454
240
959
1,097
Grand Totals .
8,264
13,784
10,955
33,003
6,720
10,912
4,290
21,922
54,925
I
3
a
o
0^
p
90
o
s
iS
o
■g
1
u
E
•s
^
O
4>
j:
c
o
g
u
i
1_L
DIAGRAM
SKe-wir^ Attendance.
Population
3
a.
o
Oh
Roman Catholic
u
c
"O
c
V
c g
<
4) ^
S 2
*-• k-i ■— *
c
5: :^ U
H
Other Services
6
population
All Churches
Church of Eni^laad
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
r
Borough of Lambeth
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldin.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldin.
Total.
Day.
Christ Church, Brixton Rd.
186
325
99
610
377
726
155
1,258
1,868
St. Andrew's, Stockwell Gn.
82
115
117
314
107
275
144
526
840
St. Anne's, S. Lambeth Rd.
37
81
186
304
66
129
62
257
561
St. Augustine's, Clapham
Road ....
58
99
44
201
59
107
94
260
461
St. John the Divine's,
Brixton . . . •
216
321
152
689
261
340
51
652
1,341
St. John the Evangelist's,
Brixton ....
69
141
90
300
109
200
66
375
675
St. James', KnatchbuU Rd.
75
80
69
224
69
88
46
203
427
St. Jude's, Dulwich Road .
69
156
83
308
87
229
67
383
691
St. Mark's, Kennington
142
150
116
408
383
473
126
982
1,390
St. Matthew's, Brixton Hill
138
242
152
532
177
237
152
566
1,098
St. Matthias', Up. Tulse Hill
56
115
68
239
72
129
32
233
472
St. Michael's, Stockwell
Park Road
59
110
68
237
55
132
29
216
453
St. Paul's, West Brixton .
67
124
177
368
109
252
170
531
899
St. Saviour's, Lambert Rd.
112
199
111
422
111
249
45
405
827
St. Stephen's, S. Lambeth .
32
52
45
129
37
98
63
198
327
All Saints', S. Lambeth
88
140
114
342
59
303
108
470
812
St. Barnabas', S. Lambeth .
37
100
40
177
54
101
31
186
363
All Saints', "West Dulwich .
238
388
257
883
109
309
65
483
1,366
Christ Church, Gipsy Hill .
175
429
112
716
130
443
35
608
1,324
St. Jude's Mission Church,
Gipsy Hill
15
32
27
74
21
55
25
101
175
St. Luke's, West Norwood .
111
248
105
464
117
248
59
424
888
Holy Trinity, Tulse Hill .
142
282
151
575
104
214
51
369
944
St. Saviour's, Heme Hill
Road
39
77
128
244
46
120
81
247
491
St. Matthew's, Denmark
Hill
120
185
83
388
200
376
78
654
1,042
St. Peter's, West Norwood .
151
251
95
497
115
272
48
435
932
St. Andrew's, Coin Street .
50
48
99
197
102
149
82
333
530
St. Thomas', Westminster
Bridge Road .
19
38
50
107
21
53
11
85
192
St. John's, Waterloo Road .
22
18
21
61
42
63
51
156
217
Holy Trinity, Carlisle St. .
18
31
68
117
36
96
55
187
304
St. Mary's, Lambeth Road .
72
110
105
287
86
207
80
373
660
St. Philip's, Kennington Rd.
55
86
93
234
53
98
77
228
462
St. Anselm's Mission Ch.,
Kennington Road .
14
10
64
88
34
56
38
128
216
Emmanuel, Kennington Rd.
14
19
40
73
35
82
54
171
244
St. Mary-the-Less', Princess
Road
13
22
120
155
26
55
64
145
300
St. Peter's, Upper Kenning-
1
ton Lane ....
69
121
292
482
36
112
41
189
671
St. James', Kennington
Park Road
15
9
13
37
17
34
16
67
104
Church of the Epiphany,
Clapham Road
39
67
100
206
61
107
79
247
453
Emmanuel, West Dulwich .
78
146
133
357
79
141
67
287
644
Total ....
2,992
5,167
3,887
12,046
3,662
7,358
2,598
13,618
,25,664
1
22?
15
226
THE^EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Church of England Missions
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Jersey Home Institute
4
40
44
44
British Home for Incurables,
Norwood ....
19
43
4
66
66
St. Paul's Beehive, Brixton
18
44
19
81
81
St. Paul's Hall, Brixton .
3
6
23
32
32
St. Saviour's Institute,
Brixton ....
13
60
23
96
96
St. Silas', Dawlish Street .
2
4
65
71
17
39
66
122
193
St. Stephen's, Layham
Cottages ....
1
27
28
3
7
8
18
46
St. Luke's, West Norwood .
18
26
43
87
87
St. Thomas', Waterloo Rd. .
3
3
30
36
6
22
66
94
130
St. Saviour's, Brixton .
20
80
10
110
110
Emmanuel Hall, West Nor-
wood
10
67
122
199
199
St. Mark's, Bolton Street .
2
5
60
67
6
6
27
39
106
St. Mark's, Montford Place
11
6
55
72
12
8
21
41
113
St. Paul's, Lowden Road
4
4
90
98
11
46
62
119
217
St. Matthew's, Parochial Hall
5
4
158
167
17
28
44
89
256
St. Peter's, Vauxhall Schs.
1
5
44
50
50
St. Peter's, Men's Mission .
20
20
14
14
34
St. Thomas' Mission, Lower
Marsh ....
4
17
7
28
28
St. Thomas', Burdett Street
5
12
61
78
78
St. Thomas', Frazier Street
1
59
60
...
60
Emmanuel, Distin Street .
6
19
9
34
34
Holy Cross, Lothian Road .
1
21
27
49
49
St. John's, Parochial Hall .
3
2
102
107
107
Total ....
55
35
730
820
203
551
642
1,396
2,216
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHUHCH
Brixton Hill.
107
140
80
327
111
179
33
323
650
Roupell Park
157
185
152
494
133
184
65
382
876
StudleyRoad
59
90
58
207
101
146
34
281
488
Mostyn Road
78
84
48
210
i 115
156
45
316
526
Westow Hill, Up. Norwood
66
65
74
205
1 69
122
60
251
456
Knight's Hill Road, West
Norwood ....
30
30
71
131
' 29
38
34
101
232
Lambeth Chapel .
62
59
57
178
122
205
107
434
612
Total ....
559
653
540
1,752
680
1,030
378
2,088
3,840
Wesleyan Methodist Missions
Lyham Road, Brixton
14
9
51
74
23
52
72
147
221
Dulwich Road
8
8
52
68
16
39
9
64
132
Vauxhall Walk .
9
13
92
114
16
32
17
65
179
Bethel Street, W. Norwood
4
20
24
3
2
35
40
64
Springfield Hall, Wands-
worth Road
108
105
283
496
389
590
487
1,466
1,962
Topaz Street
4
58
62
6
1
105
112
174
Total ....
147
135
556
838
453
716
725
1,894
2,732
SOUTH LONDON— LAMBETH
227
BAPTIST CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING. 1
EVENING.
i Total
' for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Brixton Tabernacle
38
32
24
94 i
45
67
2
114
208
Brixton Hill
25
29
5
59
28
72
26
126
185
Gresham, Barrington Road
58
67
83
208
90
163
41
294
502
Kenyon, Solon Road .
82
102
165
349
80
175
62
317
666
Raleigh Park, Brixton Hill
17
15
24
56
23
41
16
80
136
Rehoboth Chapel, Clapham
12
18
5
35
12
24
2
38
73
Russell Street, Brixton
13
17
8
38
28
56
25
109
147
Stoekwell, S. Lambeth Rd.
46
48
54
148
.59
91
35
185
333
Wynne Road, Brixton
55
91
130
276
80
150
31
261
537
Chatsworth Road, West
Norwood ....
265
380
243
888
335
545
170
1,050
1,938
Gipsy Road, Norwood
48
53
91
192
82
141
47
270
462
Gipsy Road Tabernacle
22
28
42
92
64
104
41
209
301
Denmark Hill
8
4
26
38
6
16
25
47
85
Providence, West Norwood
10
11
11
32
23
35
11
69
101
Denmark Place .
108
120
165
393
133
236
89
458
851
Vauxhall, Kennington
26
20
31
77
29
45
33
107
184
Dugdale-street, Camberwell
10
11
5
26
15
33
27
75
101
North Brixton
12
21
14
47
25
46
36
107
154
Regent Chapel, Kennington
Cross
14
6
12
32
28
43
10
81
113
Lansdowne Hill, West Nor-
wood
133
223
05
421
118
271
39
428
849
Total . . . .
1,002
1,296
1,203
3,501
1,303
2,354
768
4,425
7,926
Baptist Missions
Sidney Road, Stoekwell
Strathleven Road, Brixton .
Gothic Hall, Stoekwell
Upton Hall, Oakley Street .
Upper Kennington Lane .
Millstead Hall .
Centenary Memorial Hall .
Y.M.L, Acre Lane
13
'" 8
3
9
7
"23
"2
2
8
3
"3
l'35
65
87
23 i
... 1
34
140
70 -
104
13
2
11
15
6
3
8
5
18
9
32
19
16
5
7
1
"ie
"5
52
74
44
32
11
59
34
27
60
89
49
55
11
93
34
167
130
193
49
Total ....
36
42
293
371
63
106
192
361
732
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Brixton Independent .
Claylands Road, Clapham .
Loughborough Park .
Stoekwell Green .
Trinity, Brixton Hill .
Wheatsheaf, S. Lambeth .
Lothian Road
Chapel Road, W. Norwood
Park Road, West Dulwich .
Christ Church, Westminster
Bridge Road
Christ Church, Hawkstone
Hall (Children's Service) .
Total ....
342
383
200
925
422
564
92
85
331
508
111
168
40
53
46
139
58
76
59
80
301
440
96
176
67
69
60
196
62
110
30
20
43
93
62
107
14
18
19
51
9
17
31
22
40
93
32
46
34
53
36
123
26
52
271
301
180
752
433
679
6
5
102
113
4
3
986
1,089
1,358
3,433
1,315
1,998
74
30
29
172
43
66
3
13
4
182
74
1,060
309
163
444
215
235
29
91
82
1,294
81
690 4,003
1,985
817
302
884
411
328
80
184
205
2,046
194
7,436
Congregational Missions
Moffatt Institute, Kenning-
ton Lane ....
Caine Hall, Kennington Ln.
14
3
9
2
107
84
130
89
33
24
69
40
225
36
327
100
457
189
Total ....
17
11
191
219
57
109
261
427
646
228
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Trinity, CLipham Road
St. Cuthbert'.s, W. Norwood
Kennington Road
2G0
47
11
380
33
14
63
26
19
703
106
44
204
30
32
247
46
76
44
16
33
495
92
141
1,198
198
185
Total ....
318
427
108
853
266
369
93
728
1,581
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Dorset Road
9
4
21
34
20
37
31
88 1
122
Emmanuel, West Bi-ixton .
22
13
22
57
25
48
16
89 1
146
Hamilton R., W. Norwood .
20
11
19
50
20
33
16
69
119
Knight's Hill Road, West
Norwood ....
13
19
19
51
22
37
20
79
130
Warham Street, Kennington
1
Park
23
13
63
99
26
32
8
66 1
165
Total ....
87
60
144
291
113
187
91
391 !
682
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Fentiman Road .
Paradise Rd., Olapham Rd.
Railton Road, Heme Hill .
South ville, Wandsworth Rd.
52
49
48
1
37
47
77
62
67
98
7
151
163
223
8
62
85
81
17
82
113
176
24
59
74
138
25
203
272
395
66
354
435
618
74
Total ....
150
161
234
545
245
395
296
936
1,481
UNITARIAN CHURCH
Effra Road, Brixton
26
37
20
83
18
32
51
BIBLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH
Waterloo Road .
Royal Victoria Hall .
33
35
90
158
96
364
147
501
114
249
357
1,114
515
1,114
Total ....
33
35
90
158
460
648
363
1,471
1,629
CHRISTADEIiPHIAN CHURCH
Gresham Road, Brixton
46
56
56 158
59
56
27
142
SALVATION ARMY
Loughborough Hall
23
22
28
73
49
63
110
222
295
Cornwall R<jad, Brixton
63
58
56
177
96
184
95
375
552
Stockwell Green .
11
16
22
49
8
33
15
56
105
Dunbar Street, W. Norwood
14
13
18
45
19
42
19
80
125
Lower Kennington Lane .
50
17
32
99
105
139
55
299
398
Broad Street, Albert Em-
5
7
6
18
9
14
11
34
52
bankment ....
Cornwall Rd„ Stamford St.
1
4
5
8
12
10
30
35
Bolney Street, S. Lambetli .
1
4
5
5
13
5
23
28
Total ....
168
141
162
471
299
500
320
1,119
1,590
SOUTH LONDON-LAMBETH
BKETHREN
229
MOBNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
S. Island PL, Brixton Rd. .
Clive HaU, West Dulwich .
St. Gothard'sRd., Gipsy HI.
TunstaUHall
Offley Road ....
Montford Place .
Lothian Road
Loughborough Junction
New Cut, Waterloo Road .
"28
6
47
33
22
"19
29
"50
6
36
17
31
"20
29
"ii
24
10
20
7
14
12
"89
36
93
70
60
"53
70
16
22
8
32
32
23
16
15
39
14
37
13
27
20
27
20
34
35
8
3
6
8
19
7
16
24
30
38
52
27
67
71
57
52
73
104
38
141
63
160
141
117
52
126
174
Total ....
184 j 189 j 98
471
1 193
227
121
541
1,012
NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH
Bvurton Road
Holland Road
20
8
13
10
3
14
36
32
13
15
5
33
69
32
Total ....
28
23
17
68 1
13
15
5
33
101
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Corpus Christi, Brixton HI.
St. Patrick's, Waterloo Rd.
St. Anne's Schs., Vauxhall
122
13
211
219
54
217
143
86
196
484
153
624
25
3
15
62
9
41
26
55
46
113
67
102
597
220
726
Total ....
346
490
425
1,261
43
112
127
282
1,543
OTHER SERVICES
London City Miss., Lyham
Road, Brixton .
8
28
26
62
62
London City Mission, Elgin
Hall, West Norwood
15
49
19
83
83
Lond. City Mis., Rommany
Road, West Norwood
15
34
21
70
70
Southesk St., Stockwell Rd.
7
10
7
24
24
Wandsworth Road Railway
*.•
51
54
39
144
144
Clapham Road Y.M.C.A. .
3
3
38
44
44
Lambeth Walk .
2G
49
7
82
82
Auckland Hill, W. Norwood
20
23
21
64
64
Beardell Street, Norwood .
4
3
19
26
26
Martell Road, W. Dulwich .
7
10
4
21
21
Shaftesbury Inst., Brixton .
7
9
21
37
13
29
53
95
132
Sussex Road, Brixton .
19
18
8
45
29
56
10
95
140
Spiritualists, Mayall Road .
7
8
1
16
16
Peculiar People, Kennington
Park Road
4
6
1
14
5
7
2
14
28
Y.W.C.A., Brixton Road .
20
20
20
White Hart Square Mission
3
2 1 54
59
10
18
16
44
103
Total ....
36
35 84
155
220
401
283
904
1,059
230
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
DENOMINATION.
lor titiO
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
2,992
5,167
3,887
12,046
3,662
7,358
2,598
13,618
25,664
„ „ Missions
.55
35
730
820
203
551
642
1,396
2,216
Wesleyan Meth. Church
559
653
540
1,752
680
1,030
378
2,088
3,840
„ „ Missions
147
135
556
838
453
716
725
1,894
2,732
Baptist Church .
1,002
1,296
1,203
3,501
1,303
2,354
768
4,425
7,926
„ Missions .
36
42
293
371
63
106
192
361
732
Congregational Church
986
1,089
1,358
3,433
1,315
1,998
690
4,003
7,436
„ Missions
17
11
191
219
57
109
261
427
646
Presbyterian Church .
318
427
108
853
266
369
93
728
1,581
Primitive Meth. Church
87
60
144
291
113
187
91
391
682
U. Meth. Free Church.
150
161
234
545
245
395
296
936
1,481
Unitarian Church
26
37
20
83
18
32
1
51
134
Bible Christian Church
33
35
90
158
460
648
363
1,471
1,629
Christadelphian Church
46
56
56
158
59
56
27
142
300
Salvation Army .
168
141
162
471
299
500
320
1,119
1,590
Brethren
184
189
98
471
193
227
121
541
1,012
New Jerusalem Church
28
23
17
68
13
15
5
33
101
Roman Catholic Church
346
490
425
1,261
43
112
127
282
1,543
Other Services
36
35
84
155
220
401
283
904
1,059
Grand Totals .
7,216
10,082
10,196
27,494
9,665
17,164
7,981
34,810
62,304
J*'
c
a
^
u
o
!V)
'^
O
s
o
a
, ,
(I)
.2
X
d
&•
^
U
Is
^
c
o
o
c
o
o
c
2
o
) 70
. 60
S 40
Population Roman Catholic
Other Services
Population
All Churches
Church of England
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
Black s All Sepvlcea
Borough of Camberwell
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
St. Mary's (Welah), Cam-
berwell New Road .
9
8
18
35
42
52
46
140
175
Camden Church, Peckham
Road
90
182
63
335
98
209
77
384
719
Emmanuel, Camberwell Rd.
36
47
204
287
61
130
78
269
556
St. Giles', Church Street .
133
210
134
477
97
158
82
337
814
Corpus Christi, Canterbury
Road
29
33
249
311
58
136
85
279
590
Christ Church, Old Kent
Road
45
76
49
170
63
131
38
232
402
All Saints', Sumner Road .
36
30
48
114
70
130
55
255
369
St. Andrew's, Glengall
Road
21
32
108
161
32
93
45
170
331
St. Chrysostom's, Hill St. .
48
88
133
269
80
202
106
388
657
St. Jude's, Meeting House
Lane
40
97
35
172
72
170
42
284
456
St. Mark's, Harders Road .
57
72
206
335
61
127
56
244
579
St. Bartholomew's, Verney
Road
45
63
324
432
75
142
161
378
810
St. George's, Wells Street .
65
77
149
291
85
198
186
469
760
*St. Luke's, Rosemary
Road
76
89
272
437
110
245
48
403
840
St. Mai'k's, Cobourg Road .
40
97
58
195
48
148
81
277
472
St. Philip's, Avondale Sq. .
58
33
109
200
15
68
70
153
353
St. Barnabas', Dulwich
141
230
168
539
149
256
99
504
1,043
566
Dulwich College Chapel
129
164
58
351
68
109
38
215
St. Peter's, Dulwich Com-
mon
104
179
74
357
111
184
67
362
719
St. Paul's, Heme Hill .
120
209
98
427
93
139
58
290
717
St. Stephen's, South Dul-
wich
110
196
62
368
52
96
26
174
542
St. Saviour's, Coplestone
Road
63
123
72
258
76
166
66
308
566
St. Clement's, East • Dul-
wich
140
148
295
583
91
211
76
378
961
St. John the EvangeUst's,
East Dulwich Road .
51
89
73
213
148
378
131
657
870
St. Augustine's, Honor Oak
Park
91
192
91
374
74
150
59
283
657
All Saints', Blenheim Grove
91
141
38
270
94
201
34
329
599
St. Antholin's, Nunhead
63
56
118
237
121
201
107
429
666
St. Mary Magdalene's, St.
Mary's Road
101
189
113
403
117
244
136
497
900
Cheltenham College Mission
Church ....
43
76
148
267
76
204
105
385
652
St. Silas', Nunhead
54
76
131
261
69
130
87
286
547
Total ....
2,129
3,302
3,698
9,129
2,406
5,008
2,345
9,759
18,888
The figures for children in the morning inchule 200 of Lord Rodney's Cadet Corps.
231
232
THE
RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Church of England Missions
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
St. iMichael and All Angels,
Toulon Street .
All Saints', Elfin Road
Emmanuel, Brisbane Street
Corpus Christi, Manor Grove
Christ Church, Lower Park
Road
All Saints' Parochial Hall,
Sumner Road .
St. Chrysostom's Hall, Gold-
smith Road
St. Jude's Parochial Hall,
iSIeeting House Lane
St. IMark'.s Hall, Kempshead
Road
St. Mark's HaU, Cobourg
Road
St. Barnabas' Schools, East
Dulwich ....
St. Saviour's Mission, Chou-
mert Road
St. Clement's Parish Room,
Barry Road
All Saints', Victoria Place,
High Street
St. Mary's Hall, St. Mary's
Road
Trinity College Mission,
Albany Road .
Trinity College Mission,
New Church Road .
St. Mary Magdalene's Schls.
45
2
3
12
2
4
4
13
4
4
4
7
1
34
'2
1
2
6
11
3
9
18
2
3
5
15
1
58
"51
69
96
137
323
146
142
118
58
133
154
258
57
137
■53
...
72
101
155
336
1.53
155
149
64
140
163
280
59
28
17
5
3
3
8
1
2
8
5
19
11
30
63
16
73
35
18
20
2
20
3
14
4
54
19
55
105
34
92
30
37
12
74
13
18
124
18
57
81
15
37
66
34
193
82
60
35
79
41
19
129
40
66
154
45
122
234
84
330
82
60
53
35
151
142
174
465
153
155
189
66
218
185
285
514
143
Total ....
105
112 1,800
2,017
219
456
708
1,383
3,400
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Hatcham Manor Chapel
Queen's Road, Peckham
Oakley Place
Half Moon Lane, Dulwich .
Barry Road, East Dulwich .
14
89
78
30
189
9
94
78
43
218
130
321
143
48
213
153
504
299
121
620
34
130
97
50
175
51
200
163
85
296
65
101
97
45
243
150
431
357
180
714
303
935
656
301
1,334
Total ....
400
442
855
1,697
486
795
551
1,832
3,529
Wesleyan Methodist Missions
270, Southampton Street .
Stafford Street, Peckham .
114, Lordship Lane
12
"1
10
'4
18
"51
40
"56
25
7
18
37
4
41
25
159
14
87
170
73
127
170
129
Total ....
13
14
69
96
50
82
198
330
426
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Sumner Road, Peckham
308, St. .Tames Road .
Crystal Palace Road .
7
21
17
"10
15
20
72
67
27
103
99
11
33
39
6
40
57
12
36
61
29
109
157
56
212
256
Total ....
45
25
159
229
83
103
109
295
524
SOUTH LONDON— CAMBERWELL
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
METHODIST NEW CONNEXION
233
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
Hill Street, Peckham .
Bellenden Road, Peckham .
12
31
9
31
21
92
42
154
17
38
28
73
14
26
59
137
101
291
Total ....
43
40
113
196
55
101
40
196
392
"Zion,"Neate Street . . 8
Ivydale Road, Nunhead . 29
5
38
26
90
39
157
18
40
41
80
24
86
83
206
122
363
Total .... 37
43
116
196
58
121
110
289
485
BAPTIST CHURCH
Camberwell New Road
34
32
62
128
54
86
57
197
325
Mansion House Square
18
16
53
87
25
102
42
169
256
South London Tabernacle .
181
221
211
613
286
505
211
1,002
1,615
Mizpah, 140, Peckham Rd.
8
8
7
23
6
9
4
19
42
Peckham Park Road .
98
133
62
293
120
256
43
419
712
Peckham Tabernacle, High
Street ....
25
35
19
79
52
87
44
183
262
Miss. Church, Peckham Pk.
9
9
18
15
36
14
65
83
Rye Lane Chapel, Peckham
246
276
157
679
242
577
207
1,026
1,705
Cottage Green, Wells Street
39
68
43
148
65
146
26
237
385
Albany, Wells Street .
3
1
3
7
2
3
7
12
19
James Grove Chapel .
5
3
58
66
31
62
190
283
349
Maze Pond, Old Kent Road
68
78
123
269
109
181
274
564
833
Heme Hill Church, Winter-
brook Road
31
40
36
107
49
76
37
162
269
Barry Road, Duhvich .
8
12
33
53
16
25
20
61
114
Lordship Lane, Dulwich
82
98
129
309
113
261
283
657
966
Amott Road, East Dulwich
22
15
82
119
25
39
15
79
198
" Zion," Heaton Road
15
8
44
67
17
20
9
46
113
Honor Oak Church
73
86
100
259
54
86
19
159
418
Peckham Rye Tabernacle .
133
131
229
493
144
266
192
602
1,095
Edith Road, Peckham
52
77
163
292
53
134
121
308
600
Nunhead Gi-een .
27
45
36
108
32
66
10
108
216
Total ....
1,177
1,390
1,650
4,217
1,510
3,023
1,825
6,358
10,575
Baptist Missions
100, Edmund Street .
3
2
33
38 1
13
17
18
48
86
Leipsic Road
1
2
72
75
17
36
47
100
175
66, Peckham Park Road .
3
52
55
8
14
23
45
100
Haymerle Road .
14
8
219
241
6
7
122
135
376
Wells Street Schools .
8
4
35
47
34
39
97
170
217
Relf Road, Peckham .
3
17
20
7
9
18
34
54
Gordon Road, Peckham
3
35
38
10
19
43
72
110
Stanley Hall, Tappesfield
Road ....
1
20
21
2
1
75
78
99
Chapel House, Nigel Road .
17
23
6
46
46
Homeward Mission, Hind-
man Road ....
10
7
48
65
18
33
72
123
188
Total ....
46
23
531
600
132
198
521
851
1,451
234
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women. Chldrn. 1 Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Camberwell Green Church .
Hanover Chapel, Peckham .
Clifton Chapel, Asylum Rd.
Free Church, Culmore Rd. .
Marlborough Chapel, Old
Kent Road
Emmanuel Church, Duhvich
East Dulwich Grove Chapel
Peckham Rye Church, Lin-
den Grove
Heme Hill Church .
201
86
133
18
99
192
127
71
217
97
157
12
89
223
190
74
168
45
210
28
177
226
172
85
586
228
500
58
365
641
489
230
287
113
178
26
128
186
155
109
13
443
138
294
39
168
305
322
145
22
47
16
315
36
207
161
139
37
2
777
267
787
101
503
652
616
291
37
1,363
495
1,287
159
868
1,293
1,105
521
37
Total ....
927
1,059
1,111
3,097
1,195
1,876
960
4,031
7,128
Congregational
Missions
Waterloo Street .
4
5
55
64
17
54
54
125
189
Collyer Memorial Hall,
Peckham ....
5
1
24
30
30
Meeting House Lane .
16
36
55
ib7
107
Busmen's Service, Camber-
well Green Church .
20
31
13
64
64
Evelina Hall, Nunhead
3
2
87
92
3
9
21
33
125
Total ....
12
8
166
186
56
130
143
329
515
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Christ Church, East Dul-
wich Grove . .
Hamilton, Brunswick Sq. .
St. James', E. Dulwich Rd.
45
86
64
65
105
78
53
44
33
163
235
175
94
87
49
122
92
87
34
9
19
250
188
155
413
423
330
Total ....
195
248
130
573
230
301
62
693
1,166
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS
Meeting House, Hanover St.
Albert Road HaU
Blue Anchor Lane, Peckham
37
5
21
1
27 85
66 72
25
12
3
36
9
7
14
54
43
75
75
53
160
147
53
Total ....
42
22
93 157
40
52
111
203
360
BRETHREN CHURCH
"Lighthoase," George St.
3
5
22
30
10
13
9
32
62
" Bethel," 92, Peckham Rd.
6
8
14
8
15
12
35
49
Clavton Hall, Peckham
35
21
11
70
25
38
23
86
156
Christians' Meeting Room,
Radnor Street .
8
3
11
9
5
14
25
College Hall, Queen's Road
21
9
5
35
1
11
4
22
57
Gospel Hall, Princes Terr.
5
1
1
(
24
56
32
112
119
South Grove Hall, Peckham
20
24
11
55
41
69
23
133
188
Go8[«l Hall, 243, Rve Lane
21
28
13
62
22
25
60
107
169
Scylla Road Hall, >runhead
72
111
24
207
59
83
18
160
367
Total ....
191
213
87
491
205
315
181
701
1,192
Brethren Mission
Crown Street, Camberwell .
11
219
238
SOUTH LONDON- CAMBERWELL
235
SALVATION AKMY
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
George St. , Camberwell Gn.
Shawbury Road, E. Dulwich
Arthur Street
Fenham Road, Peckham
Verney Road
Nunhead Green .
62
31
22
25
8
45
31
17
5
16
11
29
53
36
15
56
7
50
146
84
42
97
26
124
114
39
36
40
15
69
205
70
50
74
17
110
51
70
96
32
17
36
370
179
182
146
49
215
516
263
224
243
75
339
Total ....
193
109
217
519
313
526
302
1,141
1,660
UNITARIAN CHURCH
Avondale Road, Peckham . 20 16 20 56 I 29 28 i 17 i 74 ! 130
NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH
Flodden Road
24
21
16
61
20
21
46 107
CALVINISTIC INDEPENDENT CHURCH
Grove Chapel
Aged Pilgrims' Chapel,
Sedgemoor Place
86
77
72
235
76
4
109
18
19
204
22
439
22
Total ....
86
77
72
235
80
127
19
226
461
CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC CHURCH
Camberwell New Road
110
122
54
286
82
75
30
187
473
FOREIGN PROTESTANT SERVICES
Windsor Road (German)
26
28
57
57
CHRISTADELPHIAN CHURCH
Peckham Public Hall,
Lane . . . .
Surrey Masonic Hall .
Rye
"27
"22
"6
"55
16
13
13
15
7
3
36
31
36
86
Total .
27
22
6
55
29
28
10
67
122
EVANGELISTIC MISSION SERVICES
Crown Theatre, Peckham .
Free Salvationists, Avenue
Road
Nunhead Christian Band .
Total . . . .
973
2,087
704
3,764
54
44
28
26
43
55
125
125
70
58
79
71
65
74
214
203
98
54
98
250
1,101
2,237
843
4,181
3,764
339
328
4,431
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Sacred Heart, Camberwell
New Road
321
552
536
1,409
177
286
131
594
2,003
Our Lady of the Seven
Dolours, Peckham .
366
618
523
1,507
158
221
134
513
2,020
St. Anthony of Padua, Lord-
ship Lane ....
126
183
106
415
19
48
28
95
510
Total ....
813
1,353
1,165
3,331
354
555
293
1,202
4,533
23G
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
OTHER SERVICES
MORNING. 1
EVENING.
Total,
for the
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Cbldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
Camberwell Mission, Toulon
1
Street ....
2
1
57
60
42
38
397
477
537
Children's Rlission, Dalwood
Street ....
1
o
59
62
4
102
106
168
Holiness Gospel Mission,
88, Ulverscroft Road
7
8
15
3
5
8
23
Christ Church, Reedham St.
8
3
27
38
10
16
18
44
82
Temperance Hall, Caroline
Street ....
15
17
17
49
49
Orchard Mission, Batchelors'
Hall Place
4
1
33
38
26
41
104
171
209
Albany Institute, 371, Al-
bany Road
3
4
40
47
7
14
19
40
87
Goldie Street Mission .
28
69
134
231
231
Ethical Society, Surrey
!
Masonic Hall .
21
1
1
23
i 68
38
2
108
131
Spiritualists, 139, Peckham
1
Road
11
2
13
32
19
4
55
68
Spiritualists, Surrey Masonic
1
Hall
20
19
2
41
28
42
2
72
113
Kimioton Ro.id, Caml)erwell
6
1
65
72
10
12
11
33
105
. Total ....
83
42
284
409
273
311
810
1,394
1,803
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
MORNING. I
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women, j
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
2,129
3,302
3,698
9,129
2,406
5,008
2,345
9,759
18,888
„ „ Missions
105
112
1,800
2,017
219
456
708
1,383
3,400
Wesleyan Meth. Church
400
442
855
1,697
486
795
551
1,832
3,529
„ „ Missions
13
14
69
96
50
82
198
330
426
Primitive Meth. Church
45
25
159
229
83
103
109
295
524
IT. Meth. Free Church .
43
40
113
196
55
101
40
196
392
Meth. New Connexion .
37
43
116
196
58
121
110
289
485
Baptist Church .
1,177
1,390
1,650
4,217
1,510
3,023
1,825
6,358
10,575
„ Missions .
46
23
531
600
132
198
521
851
1,451
Congregational Church
927
1,059
1,111
3,097
1,195
1,876
960
4,031
7,128
„ Missions
12
8
166
186
56
130
143
329
515
Presbyterian Church .
195
248
130
573
230
301
62
593
1,166
Society of Friends
42
22
93
157
40
52
111
203
360
Brethren
191
213
87
491
205
315
181
701
1,192
„ Mission .
...
...
8
11
219
238
238
Salvation Army .
193
109
217
519
313
526
302
1,141
1,660
Unitarian Church .
20
16
20
56
29
28
17
74
130
New Jerusalem Church
24
21
16
61
20
21
5
46
107
Cal.IndependentChurch
86
77
72
235
80
127
19
226
461
Cath. Apostolic Church
110
122
54
286
82
75
30
187
473
Foreign Prot. Services .
26
28
3
57
...
...
...
57
Christadelphian Church
27
22
6
55
29
28
10
67
1 122
Evan. Mission Services
98
54
98
250
1,101
2,237
843
4,181
4,431
Roman Catholic Church
813
1,353
1,165
3,331
.354
555
293
1,202
4,533
Other Services
83
42
284
409
273
311
810
1,394
1,803
Grand Totals .
6,842
8,785
12,513
28,140
9,014
16,480
10,412 35,906
64,046
o
J3
U
^
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"rt
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o
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bo
: Total
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Populad Roman Catholic
Other Services
Per
a.
o
Oh
U
100
90
80
H 70
Z
o
0i60
w
W 50
o
2
<
Z 40
U
< 50
20
10
ly
1 1 - -i^-1 ' i i 1 1 1 ' '
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U-i-^-^-j-+! DIAGRAM - -+-
LJ 1 _ 1 L i kcvirin^ y^.nal'v^i^ r»f /Vttc^ «-»«-! a «>k^«^a -1
\ i —i— 1
1 ^ A M RP~ R AATF" 1 1 ''
y : I ^ ^
1 ^ ill!
\ 1- 1 \ 1
\ 1 1 1 1 1
\ t \ \
_ jx-t "'^''' z^ ^- i— 4'"^ it' ~ ^
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\ ] 1 \ \ L-iZ- \ 1 1 / /
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-tj-1 4Xl X T"^ \ /
tT" X^ ^- T^-^^ F +T ' " -f^"^ A-
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blue = Evening
All Churches
Church of Engriand
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
o I- S
H S S
H S S
Black = All SepvicBB
Red •= Morning
Blue = Evening
Borough of Lewisham
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING. '
Total
lor TJIlB
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Holy Trinity, Lee
79
104
49
232
40
104
38
182
414
St. Andrew's, Catford.
59
98
192
349
74
154
91
319
668
Good Shepherd, Lee .
102
176
200
478
91
159
67
317
795
St. Mildred's, Lee
71
184
103
358
65
129
39
233
591
St. Augustine's, Grove Park
58
98
45
201
61
75
17
153
354
St. Saviour's, Brockley Hill
75
103
156
334
66
136
41
243
577
St. Lawi-ence's, Catford
115
189
304
608
166
219
127
512 ;
1,120
St. Mark's, Clarendon Road
51
143
42
236
62
126
37
225
461
St. Mary's, High Street
195
465
479
1,139
212
532
126
870 1
2,009
St. S\vithin's, Hither Green
62
99
216
377
68
148
84
300 ;
677
St. Stephen's, High Street .
140
316
239
695
176
516
56
748
1,443
Church of the Transfigura-
tion, Algernon Road
44
116
210
370
59
181
73
313
683
Christ Church, Forest Hill .
92
208
142
442
132
295
104
531
973
St. Paul's, Forest Hill.
68
147
61
276
86
168
43
297
573
St. George's, Perry Hill
119
212
242
573
111
293
83
487
1,060
Holy Trinity, Sydenham .
97
207
90
394
55
116
21
192
586
St. Bartholomew's, Syden-
ham
119
378
151
648
103
302
60
465
1,113
St. Matthew's, Sydenham .
55
129
122
306
Gl
168
53
282
588
Christ Ch., Lower Sydenham
61
110
121
292
55
112
64
231
523
St. Philip's, Sydenham
86
235
130
451
53
192
51
296
747
St. Michael and All Angels',
Lower Sydenham
38
43
149
230
27
64
24
115
345
Southend Hall Chapi^l
28
38
40
106
13
19
15
47
153
All Saints', Blackheauh
72
150
144
366
58
94
36
188
554
Church of the Ascension,
Blackheath
56
104
76
236
25
41
28
94
330
Christ Church, Lee
44
233
153
430
70
194
66
330
760
St. Margaret's, Lee
137
356
239
732
129
283
65
477
1,209
Boones Almshouse Chapel,
Lee
13
46
27
86
15
53
27
95
181
St. Cyprian's, Brockley
94
147
210
451
123
231
116
470
921
St, Hilda's, Crofton Park .
56
60
197
313
39
103
62
204
517
Total ....
2,286
4,894
4,529
11,709
2,295
5,207
1,714
9,216
20,925
Chu
reh of
Englt
md M
Lssions
Holy Trinity, Forest Hill .
10
33
42
85
85
St. Michael's, Bell Green .
"2
1
100
103
10
24
30
64
167
Church of the Ascension,
Lethbridge Road
3
13
20
36
36
St. Mark's Schools
"1
" io
141
152
152
Total ....
3
11
241
255
23
70
92
185
440
WI
5SLE"S
'AN ]
VLETH
GDIS':
P CHI
JRCH
Burnt Ash Hill .
11
28
15
54
8
21
5
34
88
Brockley Rise .
61
68
43
172
68
118
26
212
384
Rushey Green, Catford
104
135
91
330
105
180
35
320
650
Wildfell Road, Catford
15
7
65
87
18
24
37
79
166
Albion Road, Lewisham
60
76
107
243
89
118
59
266
509
Hither Green Lane
102
93
148
343
118
162
57
337
680
High Street, Sydenham
67
82
81
230
105
161
54
320
550
Lower Sydenham Road
25
22
24
71
23
37
33
93
164
The Avenue, Blackheath
39
68
144
251
45
70
18
133
384
Merritt Rd., Crofton Park .
2
3
7
12
7
6
20
33
45
Total ....
1 582
725
1 1,793
586
897
344
1,827
3,620
237
238
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
CHURCH.
MOBNING.
EVENING.
ToUl
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women. Chldrn.
Total.
Stanstead Road, Forest Hill
38
27
74
139
42
66
32
140
279
METHODIST NEW CONNEXION
Trinity, Forest Hill
36 41
45 122
41 90 25 156
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
278
Brownhill Road, Catford
10 11 28 49 14 t 25 36 I 75 124
WELSH CALVINISTIC METHODIST CHURCH
Undercliffe Road, Lewisham 17 11
32
21 29 15 65
97
BAPTIST CHURCH
'High Road, Lee .
55
87
137
279
73
111
83
267
546
Brownhill Road, Catford .
53
47
77
177
50
70
23
143
320
Baring Road, Lee
47
59
99
205
67
134
86
287
492
Zion, Forest Hill .
27
24
14
65
23
39
8
70
135
CoDege Park Chapel,
Lewisham.
16
40
19
75
19
59
14
92
167
Albacore Crescent
6
1
17
30
13
21
7
41
71
Brightside Rd., Hither Grn.
34
28
49
111
34
53
26
113
224
Catford Hill.
40
39
34
113
37
81
26
144
257
Sydenham Chapel, Forest
Hill
58
92
75
225
80
132
27
239
464
Perry Rise, Sydenham
69
87
174
330
54
118
51
223
553
Dacre Park, Lee .
21
26
46
93
19
45
22
86
179
Raglan Street
21
34
8
63
27
47
11
85
148
Total ....
447
570
749
1,766
496
910
384
1,790
3,556
Baptist Mission
Crofton Park, Brockley Rd.
54
62
62
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Burnt Ash Road, Lee .
65
115
.32
212
62
118
13
193
i 405
High Street, Lewisham
238
346
143
727
260
407
77
744
1,471
Torridon Road, Catford
52
46
68
166
65
93
69
227
393
Stanstead Road, Catford
74
85
51
210
59
98
34
191
401
Queen's Road, Forest Hill .
32
37
7
76
33
70
8
111
187
.lews' Walk, Sydenham
73
85
69
217
47
86
20
153
370
Lee Road, Blackheath.
196
304
265
765
253
397
118
768
1,533
Algernon Road, Lewisham .
34
46
28
108
26
47
24
97
205
Total ....
764
1,064
653
2,481
805
1,316
363
2,484
4,965
Congregational Missions
Ladywell, Prospect Place .
Hither Green, Nightingale
Grove ....
Park Hall, Sydenham Park
4
4
5
8
"5
48
42
70
60
46
80
13
18
28
23
34
28
75
69
135
115
80
Total ....
13
13
160
186
31
51
62
144
330
SOUTH LONDON— LEWISHAM
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
239
Brockley Rise
Norfolk Hall, Catford
42, Gilmore Road
Priory Room, Albacore Cres
Hither Green Hall
Gospel Hall, Loampit Vale
Mayow Hall, Sydenham
Welcome Hall, Blackheath
HiU .
Victoria Hall, Lee Green
Total .
CHURCH.
MORNING.
1
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women. Chldrn. Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Devonshire Rd., Forest Hill
Ewart Road, Forest Hill .
178
4
211
2
129
223
518
229
112
25
172
64
33
92
317
181
835
410
Total ....
182
213
352
747
137
236
125
498
1,245
UNITARIAN CHURCH
High Street, Lewisham
21 23
17 j 61
45
52
4
101
162
BRETHREN
8
10
3
21
5
9
7
21
5
10
3
18
11
8
2
21
24
23
13
60
14
16
8
38
.
36
40
18
94
24
31
18
73
21
10
7
38
13
9
11
33
34
45
34
113
22
37
17
76
h
29
45
14
88
32
16
63
31
16
23
111
70
10
7
6
23
33
43
73
149
167
190
98
455
170
247
175
592
42
39
98
167
71
189
199
70
172
1,047
BIBLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH
Torridon Road, Catford
Stanstead Rd., Forest Hill
High Road, Lee .
Total . . . ,
12
10
47
69
18
34
31
83
38
39
43
120
49
62
18
129
41
35
54
130
43
74
16
133
91
84
144
319
110
170
65
345
Wastdale Road, Forest HiU
Avenue Road
Southend Lane .
Total . . . .
13
6
12
31
21
38
52
111
50
24
33
107
55
79
98
232
8
3
37
48
1 10
25
28
63
71
33
82
186
1 86
142
178
406
152
249
263
664
DISCIPLES OF CHRIST
Glenfarg Boad, Catford
6 11 1 20 1 37
7 1 14
35
56
93
FOREIGN PROTESTANT SERVICES
Dacres Road, Forest Hill
(German) ....
57
65
16
138
9
48
1
58
196
SALVATION ARMY
142
339
111
592
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Winifrede's, Lee .
St. Saviour's, High Street
Our Lady and St. Phihp
Sydenham Road
St. Mary Magdalene's,
Brockley .
Total .
14
105
62
139
29
76
105
320
"l6
"72
"16
!
104
79
192
90
361
36
100
29
165
91
168
142
401
54
55
32
141
289
561
337
1,187
106
227
77
410
105
424
526
542
1,597
240
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
OTHER SERVICES
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
for the
Day.
London Citj' Mission, Willow
Walk ....
9
7
100
116
7
17
33
57
173
London City Mission, Em-
manuel, Maddin Road
44
87
32
163
163
London City Mission, School
of Art, Sj'denham Hill .
6
26
4
36
36
Gai-field Church Miss., Lee
6
8
2
16
16
Gospel Hall, Bradford Road
14
20
52
86
25
28
39
92
178
People's Hall, Boone Street
10
9
14
33
25
55
19
99
132
St. Germain's Hall, Silk
Mills Path
10
22
81
113
113
Ravensbourne Hall, Lewis-
ham Bridge
22
30
4
56
23
34
7
64
120
Miss. Room, Shrubbery Rd.
1
3
55
59
16
36
61
113
172
Total ....
56
G9
225
350
162
313
278
753
1,103
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
Church of England
„ „ Missions
Wesleyan Meth. Church
Primitive Meth. Church
Meth. New Connexion
U. Meth. Free Church
Welsh Cal.Meth.Church
Baptist Church .
„ Mission
Congregational Church
„ _ Missions
Presbyterian Church
Unitarian Church.
Brethren
Bible Christian Church
Disciples of Christ
Foreign Prot. Services
Salvation Army .
Roman Catholic Church
Other Services
Grand Totals .
MORNING.
EVENING.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
2,286
4,894
4,529
11,709
2,295
5,207
1,714
9,216
3
11
241
255
23
70
92
185
486
582
725
1,793
586
897
344
1,827
38
27
74
139
42
66
32
140
36
41
45
122
41
90
25
156
10
11
28
49
14
25
36
75
17
11
4
32
21
29
15
65
447
570
749
1,766
496
910
384
1,790
6
2
54
62
...
764
1,064
653
2,481
805
1,316
363
2,484
13
13
160
186
31
51
62
144
182
213
352
747
137
236
125
498
21
23
IV
61
45
52
4
101
167
190
98
455
170
247
175
592
91
84
144
319
110
170
65
345
6
11
20
37
7
14
35
56
57
65
16
138
9
48
1
58
71
33
82
186
86
142
178
406
289
561
337
1,187
106
227
77
410
56
69
225
350
162
313
278
753
5,046
8,475
8,553
22,074
5,186
10,110
4,005
19,301
Total
for the
Day.
20,925
440
3,620
279
278
124
97
3,556
62
4,965
330
1,245
162
1,047
664
93
196
592
1,597
1,103
41,375
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other Services
tal
the
y-
r90
576
36
280
148
219
363
351
592
704
917
368
444
388
185
173
259
617
174
252
550
566
483
,025
16
51
268
142
Population
All Churches
Church of England
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
Blue s Evening
C)
Borough of Deptford
CHURCH
OP
ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING. 1
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldin.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
St. Luke's, Evelyn Street .
59
54
176
289
140
189
172
501
790
St. Paul's, High Street
37
36
68
141
68
106
61
235
376
St. Barnabas', Eveljm Street
6
1
i
19
10
29
36
Emmanuel, Ravensbourne
Street ....
22
38
49
109
27
85
59
171
280
Christ Church, Church St. .
11
8
43
62
12
37
37
86
148
St. Mark's, Edward Street .
26
19
26
71
i 42
57
49
148
219
All Saints', New Cross Rd.
62
68
156
286
109
168
100
377
663
St. John's, Lewisham High
Road
114
167
72
353
151
259
88
498
851
St. Peter's, Wickham Road
228
235
144
607
354
469
162
985
1,592
St. Catharine's, Pepys Rd. .
86
110
110
306
123
182
93
398
704
St. James', St. James' Road
108
145
85
338
168
349
62
579
917
*St. Michael's, Knoyle St. .
39
12
166
217
39
61
51
151
368
*St. George's, Foxberry Rd.
41
80
83
204
64
149
27
240
444
Total ....
839
973
1,178
2,990
1,316
2,121
961
4,398
7,388
Mission Churches belonging to St. James', Hatcham.
Church of England Missions
All Saints', 36, Kender St. .
St. John's, Harton Street .
*St. James', Pagnell Street
Total . . . .
7
4
69
80
12
42
51
105
15
7
28
50
41
53
29
123
50
73
136
259
22
11
97
130
103
168
216
487
185
173
259
617
Attached to St. James', Hatcham.
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Deptford Park Church,
Evelyn Street .
19
17
60
96
24
30
24
78
174
High Street ....
34
22
52
108
39
68
37
144
252
Harefield Road .
101
79
92
272
96
136
46
278
550
KittoRoad ....
84
86
89
259
109
157
41
307
566
New Cross Road .
72
54
111
237
80
131
35
246
483
Total ....
310
258
404
972
348
522
183
1,053
2,025
Wesleyan Methodist Mission
14, Foxwell Street
16
16
METHODIST NEW CONNEXION
Victoria Chapel, Grove St.
18 24
4 I 17 I 27 || 51
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Brunswick Chapel, St.
John's Road
24
32 I 56
112
36
75
45
156
268
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Besson Street, New Cross
16
11
35 62
16 24 40 I 80 I 142
241
16
'24-2
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
BAPTIST CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
1 EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
1 Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
for the
1 Day-
Octavius Street .
Ilderton Road
'■ Zion," New Cross Road .
Florence Road Hall .
Brockley Road .
16
81
46
5
117
17
55
34
16
131
62
135
50
4
43
95
271
130
25
291
j 29
: 121
! 59
.1
57
186
86
22
182
21
210
15
40
107
517
160
36
311
202
788
! 290
' 61
602
Total ....
265
253
294
812
305
533
293
1,131
1 1,943
Baptist Mission
Creek Street
44
48 !
23
43
92
158
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
High Street ....
Napier Street, New Cross .
Lewisham High Road .
Ludwick Road Hall
59
13
246
2
62
6
276
5
87
42
171
108
208
61
693
115
103
27
256
37
163
47
384
76
50
9
172
166
316
83
812
279
! 524
144
1,505
394
Total ....
320
349
408
1,077
423
670
397
1,490
2,567
Congregational Mission
Besson Street
64
68
12
56
74
PBESBYTERIAN CHURCH
People's Hall,
Broadway .
Brockley Road
Deptford
"78
"81
i07
266
11
93
30
132
42
83
83
308
83
574
Total .
78
81
107
266
104
162
125
391
657
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS
Meeting House, 144, High
Street ....
10
18
10
17
UNITARIAN CHURCH
General Baptist Church,
Church Street .
9
6
17
1
24
BRETHREN
(jrospel Hall, ]<]dward Place
(iospelMiss., 19, Wilson St.
238a, Malpas Road
:Medical Miss., 188, High St.
Total . . . .
8
5
5
18
12
20
14
46
7
25
34
66
4
7
14
8
7
15
...
...
10
39
150
199
15
12
5
32
37
91
198
326
NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH
Warwick Street .
5
1 6
12 1 7
9
8
24
36
SALVATION ARMY
Mary Ann's Building.s,
High Street .
19 ! 10
31 60
68
70
112
250
310
SOUTH LONDON— DEPTFORD
FOREIGN PROTESTANT SERVICES
243
]
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
High Street, Deptford
11
16
8
35
35
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
ABSumption, High Street .
383
426
329
1,138
54
67 1
43 1
164
1,302
OTHER SERVICES
Railway IVlission, Amer-
sham Grove
19
10
18
47
55
58
54
167
214
Deptford Ragged School,
Griffin Street .
8
16
240
264
16
43
361
420
684
Mission Room, 6S, Cornbury
Road
6
8
11
25
25
London City IVlission, 2,
Cornbury Road
11
18
19
48
48
London City Mission, 156,
Evelyn Street .
13
31
43
87
87
London City Miss., Shaftes-
bury Hall, Charles Street
1
49
50
9
10
17
36
86
London City Miss., Evelyn
Miss. Hall, Staunton St. .
2
2
38
42
27
51
21
99
141
London City Miss., Living-
stone Mission Room, 1a,
Hamilton Street
1
4
2
7
7
Temperance Hall, Albany
Street ....
17
23
15
55
55
St. Catherine's, Protestant
Schools ....
4
6
52
62
62
Prohibition Chui-ch
3
5
2
10
'" 1
"8
4
"19
29
Total ....
37
39
399
475
162
254
547
963
1,438
DE
:noiv
UNA
Tior
4AL
TOT
-ALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Church of England
839
973
1,178
2,990
1,316
2,121
961
4,398
7,388
„ „ Missions
22
11
97
130
103
168
216
487
617
Wesleyan Meth. Church
310
258
404
972
348
522
183
1,053
2,025
„ „ Mission
...
3
6
8
16
16
Meth. New Connexion .
4
2
18
24
6
4
17
27
51
U. Meth. Free Church .
24
32
56
112
36
75
4.5
156
268
Primitive Meth. Church
16
11
35
62
16
24
40
80
142
Baptist Church
265
253
294
812
305
533
293
1,131
1,943
„ Mission .
3
1
44
48
23
43
92
158
206
Congregational Church.
320
349
408
1,077
423
670
397
1,490
2,567
„ Mission
2
2
64
68
6
12
56
74
142
Presbyterian Church .
78
81
107
266
104
162
125
391
657
Society of Friends
10
8
• ..
18
4
10
3
17
35
Unitarian Church
2
6
1
9
6
17
1
24
33
Brethren
15
12
5
32
37
91
198
326
358
New Jerusalem Church
5
1
6
12
7
9
8
24
36
Salvation Army .
19
10
31
60
68
70
112
250
310
Foreign Prot. Services .
...
...
11
16
8
35
35
Roman Catholic Church
383
426
329
1,138
54
67
43
164
1,302
Other Services
37
39
399
475
162
254
547
963
1,438
Grand Totals .
2,354
2,475
3,476
8,305
3,038
4,873
3,353
11,264
19,569
3
a
o
a.
o
u
S3
O
e
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s
U
o
u
§
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lOi)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
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L-l 1 J- M^ M.U jL^toi^«V^ jLX X
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T "^~ "^" ' '
IJ 1 DFIPTFORD ir^
^-^ i — r1 — ' ^ 1 1 i ■
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M '
^4=^== ===$^*=^'^"'^^ ^
_ai-L-j \ 1 1 1
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=f= J3= """5 5^ i
^ ^^ in 3:
-r- \ - -t- -H -t- 1 1 M ^-^
zzzzz5zzzzizzzzzzz±=^z4izi=izzz=iz=zz=zzz=z zzzz
ggzzzzz^zzzz±zzzzzzzzzzz+zz±zE^zz^zzzz3^
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zzzzzzizzzz^S :^ z ^ zzzzif ^ = ^-^i =
Hrr^-^^H ^ H h^^^ p-
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other Services
Other Services
Borough of Greenwich
CHURCH OF
ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
St. Alphege's, London St. .
166
219
165
550
179
299
140
618
1,168
St. Mary's, King William St.
17
31
61
109
32
85
76
193
302
St. Paul's, Devonshire Road
4.5
82
163
290
34
78
39
151
441
St. Peter's, Bridge Street .
10
28
16
54
21
53
32
106
160
Holy Trinity, Blackheath
Hill
53
59
166
278
60
124
65
249
527
St. John's, Blackheath
139
143
39
321
39
98
18
155
476
Christ Church, E. Greenwich
95
151
293
539
133
261
123
517
1,056
St. George's, Westcombe Pk.
54
96
72
222
62
103
70
235
457
St. Michael and All Angels',
Blackheath
1.30
336
85
551
106
249
37
392
943
St. Luke's, Charlton .
54
112
43
209
51
121
35
207
416
St. Paul's, Charlton .
46
91
103
240
71
125
51
247
487
St. Thomas', Charlton .
45
55
71
171
64
91
139
294
465
Holy Trinity, New Charlton
24
44
119
187
29
67
70
166
353
St. James', Kidbrooke.
127
279
104
510
96
205
49
350
860
St. Germain's Chapel, Black-
heath
G7
155
68
290
52
95
35
182
472
St. Andrew's, E. Greenwich
22
33
81
136
49
69
60
178
314
St. Nicholas', Deptford
41
31
112
184
44
103
80
227
411
Herbert Hospital Chapel,
Shooter's Hill Road
8
12
15
35
13
22
25
60
95
Hospital Chapel, Greenwich
103
35
1,055
1,193
8
6
1,023
1,037
2,230
Seamen's Hosp., Greenwich
46
28
5
79
15
8
2
25
104
Morden College Chapel,
!
Blackheath
22
11
1
34
7
13
2
22
56
Total ....
1,314
2,031
2,837
6,182
1,165
2,275
2,171
5,611
11,793
Church of England Missions
Marshall Memorial Hall, St.
John's Park
6
34
40
40
Christ Church, 80, Old
Woolwich Road
6
18
15
39
39
Christ Church, 72, Blackwall
Lane
1
3
15
19
19
St. George's, Farndale Road
8
7
130
151
16
38
85
139
290
St. Paul's, 49, Roan Street .
4
7
7
18
18
Holy Trinity, Bennett Street
3
2
115
120
120
St. John's, Furzefield Road
8
12
113
133
23
43
38
i'04
237
St. Paul's, Charlton .
2
28
30
2
7
3
12
42
St. Alphege, Hyde Vale
2
3
27
32
32
St. Peter's Iron Room .
6
1
37
44
44
St. Mary's Mission
2
2
27
31
19
31
37
87
118
Total ....
23
28
446
497
83
148
271
502
999
WESLEYAN" METHODIST CHURCH
London Street
54
37
123
214
79
77
47
203
417
Sunfields Memorial Church,
Blackheath
57
88
227
372
75
149
79
303
675
Victoria Hall, Woolwich Rd.
24
31
222
277
86
164
154
404
681
Charlton Vale Church,
Woolwich Road
29
24
129
182
46
43
27
116
298
Total ....
164
180
701
1,045
286
433
307
1,026
2,071
245
246
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Wesleyan Methodist Mission
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
i Total
for tho
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Hughes Fields, Deptford .
1
1
51
53
6
20
21
47
100
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Creek Road, Deptford.
62
79
13
40
59
138
BAPTIST CHURCH
Devonshire Road .
South Street.
Lewisham Road .
Woolwich Rd.,E. Greenwich
Shooter's Hill Road .
41
120
73
38
65
53
147
115
49
91
26
96
106
48
100
120
363
294
135
256
39
143
97
58
79
58
273
164
88
125
18
48
67
46
37
115
464
328
192
241
235
827
622
327
497
Total ....
337
455
376
1,168
416
708
216
1,340
2,508
Baptist Mission
66, Cold Bath Street
30
34
13
27
12
52
86
CONQREGATIONAIi CHURCH
Maze Hill Church, Park PI.
Greenwich Road .
PubHc Hall, Charlton Village
Rothbury Hall, East Green-
wich
69
49
12
41
75
44
11
24
69
48
16
136
213
141
39
201
92
41
18
65
113
65
25
86
48
26
10
83
253
132
53
234
466
273
92
435
Total ....
171
154
269
594
216
289
167
672
1,266
Congregational Missions
Armada Street, Deptford .
Trinity Hall, Pender Street,
Deptford ....
2
6
1 54
9 190
57
205
9
12
7 131
15 28
147
55
204
260
Total ....
8
10 244
262
21
22
159
202
464
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
St. Mark's, South Street .
Vanbrugh Park, Blackheath
57
35
76
42
114
29
247
106
39
29
79
38
19
14
137
81
384
187
Total ....
92
118
143
353
68
117
33
218
571
BRETHREN"
King George Street .
97
121
81
299
101
183
55
339
638
Circus Street
43
65
22
130
31
56
22
109
239
Marlborough Hall, Old
Woolwich Road
33
22
13
68
41
70
40
151
219
Alexandra Hall, Blackheatli
36
94
16
146
42
125
10
177
323
Bennett Hall, Blackheath .
17
29
6
52
12
20
5
37
89
Gospfil Hall, Charlton .
8
9
4
21
14
20
9
43
64
338, Woolwich Road .
14
6
42
62
20
15
36
71
133
Straights Mouth .
12
12
7
31
12
13
40
65
96
Total ....
260
358
191
809
273
502
217
992
1,801
SOUTH LONDON— aREENWICH
SALVATION ARMY
247
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Mtin.
Women.
Chldrn.
ToUl.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
for the
Day.
Pender Street, Deptford
Blackwall Lane .
Woolwich Road, Charlton .
Blackheath Hill .
2
6
18
6
2
10
8
4
8
16
42
8
12
32
68
18
14
5
27
9
13
17
55
16
7
6
84
12
34
28
166
37
46
60
234
55
Total ....
32
24
74
130
55
101
109
265
395
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Our Lady, Star of the Sea,
Croom's Hill .
St. Joseph's, E. Greenwich
St. Mary's, Blackheath
Herbert Hospital Chapel .
137
124
70
4
221
181
157
15
162
180
117
3
520
485
344
22
53
46
20
114
90
40
32
105
55
199
241
115
719
726
459
22
Total ....
335
574
462
1,371
119
244
192
555
1,926
OTHER SERVICES
London City Mission, 194,
1
Trafalgar Road.
14
27
10
51
51
London City Miasion, Du-
1
pree Road ....
1
2
73
82
U
25
1 49
88
170
London City Mission, Tun-
nel Lane ....
7
14
58
79
79
London City Mission, 12,
1
Randel Place .
11
27
36
74
74
South London Christian
Mission, 65, South Street
12
12
21
4;')
30
34
13
77
122
Working Lads' Institute,
Bridge Street .
4
11
183
198
198
Blissett Street .
4
1
35
40
7
13
18
38
78
Sundome Hall, Charlton
17
16
32
65
32
53
65
150
215
Total ....
40
31
161
232
119
204
432
755
987
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
1,314
2,031
2,837
6,182
1,165
2,275
2,171
5,611
11,793
„ „ Missions
23
28
446
497
83
148
271
502
999
Wesleyan Meth. Church
164
180
701
1,045
1 286
433
307
1,026
2,071
„ „ Mission
1
1
51
53
6
20
21
47
100
Primitive Meth. Church
8
9
62
79
6
13
40
59
138
Baptist Church
337
455
376
1,168
416
708
216
1,340
2,508
„ Mission
2
2
30
34
i 13
27
12
52
86
Congregational Church
171
154
269
594
216
289
167
672
1,266
„ Missions
8
10
244
262
21
22
159
202
464
Presbyterian Church .
92
118
143
353
68
117
33
218
571
Brethren
260
358
191
809
; 273
502
217
992
1,801
Salvation Army .
32
24
74
130
! 55
101
109
265
395
Roman Catholic Church
335
574
462
1,371
, 119
244
192
555
1,926
Other Services
40
31
161
232
1 119
204
432
755
987
Grand Totals .
2,787
3,975 6,047
12,809
' 2,846
5,103
4,347
12,296
25,105
3
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<S
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DIAGRAM
SKe-wing' Analysis of Attendance.
Borough of Woolwich
CHURCH OF EWGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldin.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Holy Trinity, Beresford St.
34
44
60
138
47
72
43
162
300
St. John's, Wellington St. .
39
51
34
124
44
81
47
172
296
St. Mary's, Church Street .
110
146
302
558
106
206
237
549
1,107
*St. George's, New Road .
250
306
556
273
370
137
780
1,336
St. Michael and All Angels',
Station Road .
68
88
128
284
70
138
49
257
541
St. John's, North Woolwich
33
21
134
188
39
47
69
155
343
All Saints', Ripon Road
106
187
91
384
129
281
75
485
869
St. James', Plumstead
70
83
163
316
88
137
156
381
697
Royal Dockyard Church
17
20
18
55
18
22
39
79
134
St. John's, Plumstead .
42
45
106
193
61
123
69
253
446
St. Mark's, Plumstead
70
91
118
279
126
231
138
495
774
St. Margaret's, Plumstead .
91
143
328
562
113
240
206
559
1,121
St. Paul's, Plumstead .
29
25
58
112
54
84
72
210
322
St. Nicholas', Plumstead
35
37
73
145
52
86
125
203
408
Jhrist Ch., Shooter's Hill .
31
58
99
188
27
53
64
144
332
Holy Trinity, Eltham .
62
131
114
307
63
74
42
179
486
All Saints', New Eltham
29
49
75
153
33
89
58
180
333
St. Andrew's, Mottingham .
31
83
54
168
19
59
31
109
277
St. John's, Eltham
54
144
134
332
73
202
97
.372
704
St. Peter's, Lee .
45
97
116
258
46
67
74
187
445
Chm-ch of the Ascension,
Plumstead
15
19
123
157
26
39
87
152
309
Total ....
1 1,011
1,812
2,634
5,457
1,507
2,701
1,915
6,123
11,580
* The attendance of men at the Parade Service in the morning was 2,307. As the attendance was stated by one
of the chaplains to be compulsory we did not include it.
Church of England Missions
St. John's, Ritter Street
12
11
110
133
10
38
82
130
268
Soldiers' Institute, Welling-
ton Street ....
7
3
4
14
14
St. Martin's, Back Lane
5
1
74
80
17
26
30
73
153
All Saints', Herbert Road .
5
5
165
175
16
28
59
103
278
St. Paul's, Glenside Road .
2
3
42
47
47
Total ....
22
17
349
388
52
9.S
217
367
755
WESLEYAN" METHODIST CHURCH
249
250
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OP LONDON
Wesleyan Methodist Mission
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
for the
Day.
Soldiers' Home, William St.
... 1 ...
36
26
11
73
73
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Eglinton Road
Glyndon Road, Plumstead .
19
84
17
59
40
149
76
292
22
84
30
111
19
108
71
303
147
595
Total ....
103
76
189
368
106
141
127
374
742
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Crescent Road, Plumstead .
18
20
34
72
48
61
62
171
243
BAPTIST CHURCH
Woolwich Tabernacle,
Beresford Street
235
176
235
646
506
703
389
1,598
2,244
"Carmel," Anglesea Road .
30
40
37
107
41
70
24
135
242
" Enon," High Street .
37
35
77
149
52
68
42
162
.311
Queen St. Chapel, Samuel
Street ....
35
44
50
129
46
90
150
286
415
Conduit Road, Plumstead .
29
30
47
106
35
50
42
127
233
Plumstead Tabernacle,
Maxey Road
18
14
11
43
18
29
10
57
100
Station Road, Plumstead .
57
09
221
347
119
164
2.33
.516
863
High Street, Eltham .
13
17
142
172
15
21
4
40
212
Joseph Street, Woolwich .
25
14
38
77
42
48
93
183
260
Union Church, Park Road,
Plumstead
26
24
35
85
29
47
29
105
190
People's Hall, Francis St. .
2
69
71
7
19
67
93
164
Total ....
507
463
962
1,932
910
1,309
1,083
3,302
5,234
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Rectory Place
81
83
106
270
134
204
77
415
685
Welsh Church, Parsons Hill
7
2
1
10
30
29
11
70
80
Silvertown Church, North
Woolwich ....
3
1
42
46
5
8
38
51
97
Viewland Road .
49
.52
83
184
79
96
94
269
453
New Eltham Church, Foots
Cray Road
15
17
35
67
12
22
10
44
1 111
High Street, Eltham .
80
92
52
224
62
139
51
252
476
Total ....
235
247
319
801
322
498
281
1,101
1,902
Congregational Mission
Rectory Place, Lower Pel-
lipar Road
37
40
14
26
66
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
New Road .
St. Andrew's, Anglesea
Rd!
119
61
60
76
43
GO
222
197
62
82
100
144
17
29
179
265
401
452
Total .
180 1 136
103 419
144
244
46
434
853
SOUTH LONDON— WOOLWICH
UNITARIAN CHURCH
261
Beresford Street .
Union Street Schools .
26, High Street, Plumstead
Total ....
45
24
33
102
2
30
32
26
13
105
144
73
37
168
278 1
CHORCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.lchldrn. 1 Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Plumstead Common Road .
10
6 9 1 25
28
24
17
69
94
BIBLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH
Herbert Road
Park Place, Eltham .
34
11
50
11
48
11
132
33
32
12
49
15
20
9
101
36
233
69
Total ....
45
61
59
165
44
64
29
137
302
SALVATION ARMY
354
32
343
729
BRETHREN
Gospel Hall, Nightingale
Vale
41
63
34
138
41
71
72
184
322
Gospel Hall, Elizabeth St.,
North Woolwich
9
5
2
16
18
10
19
47
63
Perseverance Hall, Plum-
stead
14
12
34
60
60
Inverness Hall, Plumstead .
23
17
4
44
26
15
4
44
88
Richmond Hall, Plumstead
27
18
9
54
33
64
38
135
189
Plum Lane Hall, Plumstead
Common ....
19
20
17
56
19
26
23
68
124
Gospel Hall, Plumstead
16
5
33
54
16
11
26
53
107
Gospel Hall, New Eltham .
13
28
16
57
57
Lecture Hall, Eltham .
22
22
9
53
23
29
14
66
119
Total ....
157
150
108
415
202
266
246
714
1,129
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Mary's, Eltham
St. Patrick's, Plumstead
St. Peter's, Woolwich .
31
162
752
115
201
781
148
259
832
294
622
2,365
11
59
193
29
54
332
23
83
147
63
196
672
357
818
3,037
Total ....
945
1,097
1,239
3,281
263
415
253
931
4,212
OTHER SERVICES
Soldiers' Home, 31, Hill St.
31
35
23
89
89
Cage Lane Miss., Plumstead
2.i
18
54
99
52
81
75
208
307
Plumstead Gospel Mission,
1
Ripolson Road .
! 11
4
32
47
11
13
37
01
108
W.M.C.A., St. James' PI.,
1
Plumstead
...
43
43
43
Perseverance Hall, Plum-
stead
20
21
18
59
59
People's Hall, Plumstead .
48
26
122
196
77
75
232
384
580
Peculiar People, Brewery
Road. . - . .
12
5
27
44
13
9
9
31
75
Total ....
98
53
235
386
247
234
394
875
1,261
252
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING. 1
Total
DENOMINATION.
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
1,011
1,812
2,634
5,457
1,507
2,701
1,915
6,123
11,580
„ „ Missions
22
17
349
388
52
98
217
367
755
Wesleyan Meth. Church
368
249
472
1,089
413
415
373
1,201
2,290
„ „ Missions
• ..
...
36
26
11
73
73
Primitive Meth. Church
103
76
189
368
106
141
127
374
742
U. Meth. Free Church .
18
20
34
72
48
61
62
171
243
Baptist Church
507
463
962
1,932
910
1,309
1,083
3,302
5,234
Congregational Church.
235
247
319
801
322
498
281
1,101
1,902
„ Missions
3
...
37
40
6
14
6
26
66
Presbyterian Church .
180
136
103
419
144
244
46
434
853
Unitarian Church.
10
6
9
25
28
24
17
69
94
Bible Christian Church.
45
61
59
165
44
64
29
137
302
Salvation Army .
73
37
168
278
145
165
141
451
729
Brethren
157
150
108
415
202
266
246
714
1,129
Ptoman Catholic Church
945
1,097
1,239
3,281
263
415
253
931
4,212
(3ther Services
98
53
235
386
247
234
394
875
1,261
Jewish Church
34
12
46
...
...
46
Grand Totals .
3,809
4,424
6,929
15,162
4,473
6,675
5,201
16,349
31,511
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Nonconformist
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CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
1 MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
j Men.
Women.
Chldvn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
All Saints' ....
55
114
96
265
81
161
74
316
581
Christ Church
33
43
83
156
48
133
86
267
423
Church of the Ascension
151
282
336
769
122
335
70
527
1,296
St. Andrew's
28
18
161
207
51
89
89
229
436
St. George's ....
24
42
116
182
37
101
40
178
360
St. John's ....
28
32
79
139
49
117
48
214
353
St. Mark's ....
\ 80
139
44
263
106
241
43
390
653
St. Mary's Parish Church .
1 48
84
76
208
90
165
114
369
577
St. Mary le Park.
! 40
85
74
199
39
78
41
158
357
St. Paul's ....
1 62
158
185
405
74
216
66
356
761
St. Peter's ....
! 30
34
55
119
70
124
151
345
464
St. Philip's ....
1 33
33
141
207
50
79
98
227
434
St. Saviour's
27
40
75
142
41
79
61
181
323
St. Stephen's
31
48
56
135
37
82
68
187
322
St. Michael's
65
99
85
249
68
155
85
308
557
St. Luke's ....
123
240
162
525
128
262
86
476
1,001
St. Matthew's
69
97
62
228
74
129
61
264
492
St. Barnabas'
186
222
209
617
199
416
83
698
1,315
Total ....
1,110
1,810
2,095
5,015
1,364
2,962
1,364
5,690
10,705
Church of England Missions
St. John and St. Paul's
2
6
10
18
18
St. Bartholomew's
16
34
191
241
45
112
53
210
451
St. James' ....
1
2
57
60
1
12
13
26
86
Caius Mission Church .
13
8
108
129
31
35
32
98
227
All Saints ....
2
2
4
8
8
St. Stephen's
4
6
141
151
151
St. Philip's ....
3
8
8
19
19
Total ....
30
44
356
430
88
181
261
530
960
WESLEY AN
METHODIST CHURCH
Bridge Road W. Chapel .
Queen's Road Chapel .
Bromwood Road .
37
173
125
138
165
136
74
446
75
249
784
336
52
388
328
181
336
402
39
893
133
272
1,617
863
521
2,401
1,199
Total ....
335
439
595
1,369
768
919
1,065
2,752
4,121
Mission Hall, Nine Elms .
Wesleyan Methodist Mission
.. I ... I ... I ... 1 23 I 29
28
80
80
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Bridge Road
Lavender Hill
Milton Hall.
41
140
24
39
146
15
28
204
41
108
490
80
73
210
47
81
313
58
35
99
47
189
622
152
297
1,112
232
Total ....
205
200
273
678
330
452
181
963
1,641
253
254
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
BAPTIST CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
■
EVENING.
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Battersea Chapel
67
36
81
184
50
78
62
190
374
Tabernacle, Battersea Park
Road ....
100
89
128
317
181
295
171
647
964
Providence Chapel
24
28
40
92
21
40
17
78
170
Chatham Road
22
23
31
76
35
41
14
90
166
Northcote Road, Wands-
worth Common
138
165
115
418
202
361
79
642
1,060
Total . . • .
351
341
395
1,087
489
815
343
1,647
2,734
Baptist Missions
Surrey Lane Chapel .
Plough Road
Church of Christ, Battersea
Park Road
9
7
13
12
3
18
33
4
16
54
14
47
54
14
47
Total ....
...
29
33
53
115
115
PRESBYTERIAN
CHURCH
Clapham Trinity Church
Mission ....
St. Andrew's
11
58
13
51
39
43
63
152
i
26
69
60
68
25
11
111
148
174
300
Total ....
69
64
82
215
95
128
36
259
474
PRIMITIVE METHODIST
CHURCH
Grayshot Road .
New Road .
Plough Road
22
11
19
16
7
17
21
51
77
59
69
113
48
20
31
54
18
40
14
20
19
116
58
90
1 175
127
203
Total .
52
40
149
241
99
112
53
264
505
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Battersea Park Road .
Church Road
Mallinson Road, Wands-
worth Common
11
12
35
5
6
37
29
42
60
45
60
132
18
14
67
26
16
80
38
39
19
82
69
166
127
129
298
Total ....
58
48
131
237
99
122
96
317
554
REFORMED EPISCOPAL CHURCH
St. Jude's
45
60
30
135
24
58
10
92
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Our Lady of Mount Carmel
and St. Joseph
Sacred Heart of Jesus
144
156
242
213
245
317
631
686
47
69
74
96
17
117
138
282
769
968
Total ....
300
455
562
1,317
116
170
134
420
1,737
BRETHREN"
122, High Street .
Howard Street .
Doddington Grove
39
59
6
36
3
2
14
13
89
75
8
24
29
8
49
17
15
21
32
4
94
78
27
183
153
35
Total ....
104
41
27
172
61
81
57
199
371
SOUTH LONDON— BATTERSEA
SALVATION ARMY
255
MORNING.
1 EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
CUdrn.
Total.
Barracks, Queen's Road
Barracks, High Street
23
38
46
25
54
43
123
106
32
64
48
96
60
93
140
253
263
359
Total ....
61
71
97
229
96
144
153
393
622
WELSH CALVINISTIC METHODIST CHURCH
Beauchamp Road
15
11
11
37
63
64
16
143 180
OTHER SERVICES
Excelsior Mission Room
4
10
14
28
28
!Missn. Room, 104, High St.
8
o
2
15
5
6
4
15
30
" Lighthouse," 1, Park Grn.
12
5
7
24
13
19
14
46
70
Oake Mission, 139a, Plough
Road ....
8
17
4
29
9
12
10
31
60
Protestant IVIission, St.
Philip's Street.
5
5
11
21
6
11
11
28
49
Pentecostal Speke Hall
85
85
47
217
83
203
54
340
557
Railway Mission, 100,
Plough Road .
11
17
24
52
52
Wandsworth Road
24
55
20
99
99
Battersea Park Road .
...
9
10
2
21
21
Victoria Mission Room,
Renshaw Street
7
11
19
37
37
Ethical Society .
13
5
29
47
47
Spiritualists, Henley Hall .
7
3
10
18
26
44
54
Total ....
138
125
100
363
189
380
172
741
1,104
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men. 1 Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Church of England
„ „ Missions
Wesleyan Meth.Church
„ „ Mission
Congregationall Church
Baptist Church .
„ Missions .
Presbyterian Church .
Primitive Meth.Church
U. Meth. Free Church.
Reformed Epis. Church
Roman Catholic Church
Brethren
Salvation Army .
Welsh CaLMeth.Church
Other Services
1,110
30
335
205
351
"69
52
58
45
300
104
61
15
138
1,810
44
439
...
200
341
"64
40
48
60
455
41
71
11
125
2,095
356
595
273
395
"82
149
131
30
562
27
97
11
100
5,015
430
1,369
678
1,087
215
241
237
135
1,317
172
229
37
363
1,364 ! 2,962
88 1 181
768 j 919
23 1 29
330 1 452
489 ' 815
29 1 33
95 i 128
99 1 112
99 1 122
1 24 ■ 58
' 116 170
61 1 81
96 144
63 64
189 380
1,364
261
1,065
28
181
343
53
36
53
96
10
134
57
153
16
_172
5,690
530
2,752
80
963
1,647
115
259
264
317
92
420
199
393
143
741
10,705
960
4,121
80
1,641
2,734
115
474
505
554
227
1,737
371
622
180
1,104
Grand Totals.
2,873
3,749
4,903
11,525
3,933 6,650
4,022 14,605
26,130
!!^'t iOOrp
Populat Roman Catholic
Other Services
All Churches
Church of England
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
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CHURCH OF ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
St. Saviour's, London Bdg.
9G
99
219
414
176
203
63
442
856
Christ Church, Blackfriars .
3G
32
60
128
69
95
69
233
361
All Hallows, Pepper Street
63
161
353
577
19
76
21
116
693
St. Peter's, Sumner Street .
29
31
41
101
28
59
22
109
210
St. George the Martyr's,
Borough High Street
79
63
153
295
94
127
64
285
580
St. Stephen's, St. Stephen's
Square ....
14
13
20
47
28
60
48
136
183
St. Mary Magdalene's,
Massinger Street
26
19
149
194
50
94
129
273
467
St. Alphege's, Lancaster St.
48
44
178
270
37
118
50
205
475
St. Michael's, Lant Street .
31
20
76
127
48
53
29
130
257
St. Jude's, St. George's Rd.
11
17
39
67
21
41
33
95
162
St. Paul's, Westminster
Bridge Road .
30
24
29
83
73
150
59
282
365
Holy Trinity, Trinity Sq. .
37
43
32
112
57
95
52
204
316
St. Andrew's, Nw. Kent Rd.
38
49
114
201
47
117
49
213
414
St. Matthew's, Nw. Kent Rd.
34
31
181
246
72
100
124
296
542
Lady Margaret's, Chatham
Street ....
34
22
192
248
44
63
110
217
465
All Saints', Surrey Square .
17
15
74
106
34
36
50
120
226
All Souls', Grosvenor Park .
27
40
34
101
52
92
50
194
295
St. Mark's, East Street
22
25
65
112
22
62
30
114
226
St. Paul's, Lorrimore Sq. .
55
90
217
362
94
199
91
384
746
St. Peter's, Liverpool Street
42
29
182
253
46
52
180
278
531
St. Stephen's, Boyson Road
24
28
108
160
36
59
90
185
345
St. Agnes', Farmer's Road .
118
167
163
448
106
198
81
385
833
St. Mary Newingtou, Ken-
nington Park Road .
69
75
92
236
54
102
37
193
429
St. John's, Larcom Street .
40
35
126
201
71
78
41
190
391
St. Gabriel's, Newington
Butts
11
7
14
32
28
32
42
102
134
St. Alban's, Manor Place .
17
13
47
77
27
35
23
85
162
Pembroke Miss., Barlow St.
11
7
94
112
25
53
22
100
212
Wellington College Mission,
Etherdon Street
68
78
430
576
74
98
70
242
818
Total ....
1,127
1,277
3,482
5,886
1,532
2,547
1,729
5,808
11,694
Chureh of England Missions
St. Peter's Schs., Emerson St.
1
5
58
64
1
1
23
25 1
89
St. George's, Chapel Court .
2
3
166
171 !
171
Holy Trinity Schools, Swan
i
Street ....
5
13
151
169
169
St. Paul's Schools, West-
minster Bridge Road
4
2
102
108
41
3
17
61 i
169
St. Paul's, Lorrimore Street
7
5
34
46
45
St. John's, Wadding Street
5
9
14
28
28
St. Andrew's Hall, Theobald
Street ....
17
17
6
39
39
Total ....
10
20
311
341
73
38
259
370
711
257
17
258
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Ohldrn.
ToUl.
for the
Day.
Stamford Street .
Locksfields, Rodney Road .
Southwark, Chapel Place .
Walworth, Camberwell Rd.
14
59
86
88
18
45
58
81
27
249
147
168
59
353
291
337
15
211
84
95
28
351
133
120
11
484
269
346
54
1,046
486
561
113
1,399
777
898
Total ....
247
202
591
1,040
405
632
1,110
2,147
3,187
Wesleyan Methodist Mission
Grove Mission, Great Guild-
ford Street
39
38 123
200
53
82
147
282
482
PRIMITIVE METHODIST
CHURCH
East Street ....
New Surrey Chapel, Black-
friars Road . .
15
63
6
32
17
109
38
204
21
144
62
144
61
535
144
823
182
1,027
Total ....
78
38
126
242
165
206
596
967
1,209
METHODIST
NEW CONNEXION
Brunswick, Great Dover St.
Walworth Road Hall .
26 20
9 2
73
59
119
70
41
7
64
15
54
29
159
51
278
121
Total ....
35 1 22
132
189
48
79
83
210
399
WELSH CALVINISTIC METHODIST CHURCH
Falmouth Road
23
11
12
46
93
73
58
224
270
BAPTIST CHURCH
Borough Road
50
33
38
121
83
94
38
215
336
East Street ....
17
4
25
46
24
42
13
79
125
Arthur Street
54
65
61
180
89
203
29
321
501
Metropolitan Tabernacle,
Newington Butts
481
573
361
1,415
739
1,215
256
2,210
3,625
Walworth Road .
82
101
76
259
136
223
60
419
678
Surrey Tabernacle, Wansey
Street ....
91
110
40
241
101
193
11
305
546
Upton, Lambeth Road
115
142
140
397
172
302
70
544
941
Haddon Hall, Bermondsey
New Road . . . _
36
30
159
225
91
199
122
412
637
Total ....
926
1,058
900
2,884
1,435
2,471
599
4,505
7,389
Baptist Missions
Working Men's, Colling-
wood Street
25
25
31
34
33
98
123
Working Men's, 4, York St.
7
1
8
12
10
17
39
47
Victory Place Institute
8
7
145
160
15
24
296
335
495
Richmond St., East St.
3
5
41
49
19
50
363
432
481
Surrey Square
Surrey Gardens Memorial
13
7
150
170
20
43
24
87
257
Hall, Penrose Street
5
5
101
111
23
49
111
183
294
Almshouse Chapel, Station
Road
23
35
16
74
74
Horsley Street Mission
36
4
139
179
179
Total ....
61
24
438
523
179
249
999
1,427
1,950
SOUTH LONDON— SOUTHW ARK
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Congregational Missions
UNITARIAN" CHURCH
259
MORNING.
EVENING.
ToUl
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
Sutherland Chapel, Wal-
worth Road
Pilgrim Fathers' Chui'ch,
New Kent Road
Welsh Church, Southwark
Bridge Road
Murphy Memorial, New
Kent Road
13
28
32
21
15
23
29
23
39
85
9
104
67
136
70
148
22
41
100
54
41
57
113
116
21
17
15
304
84
115
228
474
151
251
298
622
Total . . . .
94
90
237
421
217
327
357
901
1,322
Colliers Rents
1
4
89
94
22
76
55
153
247
Lorrimore Road .
1
6
21
28
4
5
4
13
41
Kent Street Schools, Ami-
cable Row
6
1
83
90
12
15
171
198
288
Castle Yard Sehs., Holland
Street ....
5
3
62
70
5
8
199
212
282
Mansfield Street Schools,
Boro' Road
4
2
45
51
48
14
332
394
445
The Mint Schs., Harrow Rd.
3
2
53
58
8
18
177
203
261
Jurstan Hall, Gerridge St. .
7
5
87
99
14
23
341
378
477
Robert Browning Settle-
ment (Incorporated)
25
14
138
177
43
52
322
417
594
Total ....
52
37
578
667
156
211
1,601
1,968
2,635
Stamford Street
21
117
16
32
63
111
228
BIBLE CHRISTIAN CHURCH
Quinn Square
33
37
BRETHREN
Beresford Street .
Silvester Street .
Mina Road, Old Kent Road
54
6
45
95 ! 14
3 1 1
45 38
163
10
128
43
"50
95
"'ei
21
"'27
159
138
322
10
266
Total ....
105
143 : 53
301
93
156
48
297
598
SALVATION AR]
MY
74, South Street .
195, Union Street
26, Newington Causeway .
1 ! 6
3 4
27 23
1
1
9
8
8
59
8
4
44
13
7
51
2
"34
23
11
129
31
19
188
Total ....
31
33
11
75
56
71
36
163
238
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. George's Cathedral, St.
George's Road .
646
623
676
1,945
111
133
68
312
2,257
English Martyrs, Northamp-
ton Street ....
172
312
468
952
49
130
173
352
1,304
Church of the Most Precious
Blood, Worcester Street .
218
292
350
860
15
40
21
76
936
Total ....
1,036
1,227
1,494
3,757
175
303
262
740
4,497
260
THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
OTHER SERVICES
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Anchor Brewery Hall, Emer-
son Street ....
30
2
41
41
South London Mission,
Scovell Road .
7
10
164
181
181
South London Cabdrivers'
Miss., 213, Walworth Rd.
7
2
1
10
13
10
9
32
42
Christian Community, 179,
Tabard Street .
7
14
94
115
115
Holiness Mission, 218, Old
Kent Road
4
5
9
4
10
2
16
25
King's Own Miss., Roy. Rd.
6
14
214
234
26
68
133
227
461
Lighthouse Mission, 19,
Glenham Street
10
15
229
254
254
Home Hall, Holland Street
"l8
"l8
101
137
26
58
139
223
360
Hope Hall, Friar Street
3
1
97
101
9
18
18
45
146
Shaftesbury Hall, Trinity St.
22
46
12
80
80
Lansdowne Place Schools,
Laws Street
24
57
574
655
655
Borough Market Hall, 9,
Park Street
8
14
18
40
40
London City Mission, Farm
House Miss., Harrow St.
6
27
10
43
43
London City Miss., Library
Street ....
16
31
32
79
79
London City Miss., Townley
Street . . . .
4
21
8
33
33
London City Miss., Arcadia
Hall, Warren Place .
'
6
17
14
37
37
London City Mission, 81,
Webber Street .
'
8
20
18
46
46
Red Cross Hall, Whitecross
Street ....
124
41
15
180
180
King's Court Mission .
14
36
11
61
61
Peculiar People, Bath Street
7
5
12
7
8
5
20
32
Peculiar People, Garden Row
10
7
"3
20
15
14
3
32
52
Total ....
55
52
416
523
395
535
1,510
2,440
2,963
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
Church of England
„ „ Missions
Wesleyan Meth. Church
,, „ Mission
Primitive Meth. Church
Meth. New Connexion .
Welsh CalMeth.Church
Baptist Church
„ Missions .
Congregational Church.
J, Missions
Unitarian Church
Bible Christian Church
Salvation Army .
Brethren
Roman Catholic Church
Other Services
Jewish Church
Grand Totals .
MORNING.
Men. Women. Chldrn. Total
1,127
10
247
39
78
35
23
926
61
94
52
8
3
31
105
1,036
55
116
4,046
1,277
20
202
38
38
22
11
1,058
24
90
37
21
1
33
143
1,227
52
63
4,357
3,482
311
591
123
126
132
12
900
438
237
578
88
33
11
53
1,494
416
129
9,154
5,886
341
1,040
200
242
189
46
2,884
523
421
667
117
37
75
301
3,757
523
308
17,557
Men. Women. Chldrn. Total
1,532
73
405
53
165
48
93
1,435
179
217
156
16
56
93
175
395
5,091
2,547
38
632
82
206
79
73
2,471
249
327
211
32
"71
156
303
535
8,012
1,729
259
1,110
147
596
83
58
599
999
357
1,601
63
36
48
262
1,510
9,457
5,808
370
2,147
282
967
210
224
4,505
1,427
901
1,968
111
163
297
740
2,440
22,560
DIAGRAM
SKewir*^ Attendance.
other Services
Roman Catholic
Other Services
Black = Alt Services
Red ^ Morning.
etue - Evening
Borough of Bermondsey
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
6
4
45
55
6
6
22
34
89
61
00
175
291
56
107
85
248
539
43
84
46
173
76
235
85
396
569
39
36
146
221
56
53
86
195
416
17
10
93
120
13
31
31
75
195
25
16
32
73
120
151
233
504
577
19
47
132
198
26
109
41
176
374
31
46
105
182
56
95
53
204
386
45
58
98
201
65
114
89
268
469
14
19
121
154
22
39
50
111
265
70
68
23S
376
93
146
78
317
693
29
38
71
138
36
65
51
152
290
28
25
112
165
17
32
19
68
233
16
23
87
126
25
42
41
108
234
75
117
139
331
103
147
69
319
650
10
9
49
68
13
26
49
88
156
24
49
168
241
26
56
45
127
368
72
106
332
510
69
151
75
298
808
10
34
27
71
71
4
5
108
117
53
87
115
255
372
628
815
2,297
3,740
941
1.729
1,344
4,014
7,754
St. Olave's, Tooley Street .
St. John's, Tower Bridge Rd.
St. Mary Magdalene's, Ber-
mondsey Street
Christ Church, Parker's Row
St. Anne's, Thorburn Square
St. Crispin's, Southwark
Park Road
St. Hugh's, Crosby Row
Clare College Mission, Ab
bej-field Road .
St. Luke's, Grange Road
St. Paul's, Kipling Street
St. James', Jamaica Road
St. Augustine's, Lynton Rd
St. Mary's, Rotherhithe
AU Saints', Lower Road
Christ Church, LTnion Road
Holy Trin., Rotherhithe St
St. Barnabas', Plough Road
St. Katharine's, Eugenia Rd
St. Paul's, Beatson Street
St. Andrew's, Abbey Street
Total ....
Chiirch of England Missions
St. John's, Tooley Street .
3
3
147
153
153
St. Crispin's, Cherry Gn. St.
(
129
141
27
44
289
360
501
Llewellyn, New Church St.
...
9
28
26
63
63
St. James', Alexis Street .
2
16
18
6
17
18
41
59
College House, 47, Rother-
hithe Street
3
4
60
67 ,
67
Christ Church Schools, Para-
dise Street
10
28
20
58
58
St. Katharine's, Eugenia Rd.
t
3
127
137
137
Grigg's Place, Grange Walk
St. Peter's, Purbrook Street
19
9
i64
192
20
55
31
106
298
9
29
32
70
70
C.M.S. Medical Mission,
Riley Street .
2
25
28
55 1
55
Oxford Medical Mission,
Abbey Street .
12
2S
40
40
Clare College Mission .
3
t
191
201
201
Total ....
32
26
647
705
105
233
659
997
1,702
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Leroy Street
Great Central Hall
Lower Road, Rotherhithe
Silver Street, Rotherhithe
Total .
147
43
9
199
125
36
6
167
346
111
38
495
618
190
53
861
4
563
56
11
S : 199 211
ri4 1.110 I 2,387
74 411 I 541
S , 41 60
634
211
3,005
731
113
804 1,761 3,199 ' 4,060
261
262
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
for the
Day.
Upper Grange Road .
Manor Chapel
Albion Street
26
85
16
24
68
9
64
154
81
114
307
106
36
295
20
65
384
36
31
203
27
132
882
83
246
1,189
189
Total ....
127
101
299
527
351
485
261
1,097
1,624
PRIMITIVE METHODIST
CHURCH
St. George's Hall,
Road .
Union Road .
Old Kent
104
12
64
11
338
35
506
58
131
15
122
24
446
15
699
54
1,205
112
Total .
116
75
373
564
146
146
461
753
1,317
BAPTIST CHURCH
Lynton Road
Abbey Street
Drummond Road .
Spa Road ....
22
36
40
10
23
28
42
14
46
43
62
14
91
107
144
38
27
61
41
19
39
89
117
37
7
42
90
8
73
192
248
64
164
299
392
102
Total ....
108
107
165
380
148
282
147
577
957
Baptist Mission
Arthur's Mission, Snowfields
59
68
12
15
230
325
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Union Chapel
Jamaica Road
Southwark Park Chapel
Total .
34
29
80
143
61
73
507
641
15
17
24
56
33
63
32
128
11
11
21
43
12
17
21
50
60
57
125
242
106
153
560
819
784
184
93
1,061
UNION CHURCH (CONGREGATIONAL-BAPTIST)
Maynard Road
19
10
81
110
29
36
57
122
232
BRETHREN
Camilla Room
Midway Place Chapel .
Anchor Hall
18
11
2
16
8
3
6
17
2
40
36
7
19
23
2
23
37
6
8
51
2
50
111
10
90
147
17
Total ....
31
27
25
83
44
66
61
171
254
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Southwark Park Road
47 45
176 I 69 I 97 44 210 ! 386
FOREIGN PROTESTANT
SERVICES
Norwegian, Rotherhithe St.
Finnish, London Street,
Plough Road .
13
8
6
5
4
19
17
5
5
24
17
Total ....
21
"
4
36
5
5
41
SOUTH LONDON— BERMONDSEY
UNITARIAN CHURCH
263
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Fort Road ....
17
13
14
44
44
SALVATION ARMY
Hickman's Folly, Dockhead
Bermondsey Street
Lower Road ....
Total . . . .
28
19
26
73
33
11
10
15
36
53
19
62
41
122
40
78
77
195
EVANGELICAL MISSION SERVICES
Lower Road, Rotherhithe .
Ark Church, Rotherhithe .
193
12
176
13
209
59
578
84
359
11
403
27
118
13
880
51
1,458
135
Total ....
205
189 , 268
662
370
430
131
931
1,593
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Immaculate Conception,
Rotherhithe Street .
5
76
23
104
1
3
11
15
119
St. Peter and All Angels,
Paradise Street .
153
201
257
611
20
56
62
138
749
Our Lady and St. Joseph,
Mehor Street .
147
340
376
863
44
116
74
234
1,097
Holy Trinity, Parker's Row
347
747
560
1,654
45
170
78
293
1,947
Total ....
652
1,364
1,216
3,232
110
345
225
680
3,912
OTHER SERVICES
Melior Street Mission .
3
94
97
26
59
64
149
246
St. Olave and St. John's In-
stitute, Tooley Street
15
30
30
75
75
Gelding Street Mission
2
25
27
9
18
14
41
68
BermondseyRagged Schools,
Gedling Street .
48
46
105
199
199
Stephen the Yeoman Ragged
School ....
15
28
405
448
448
Mildmay Mission, 97, New
Church Street .
19
47
9
75
75
Percy Hall, 172a, Abbey St.
1
48
49
11
29
20
60
109
St. Winifred's Hall, Lower
Road
5
151
156
52
65
59
176
332
St. Winifred's Institute,
Orange Place .
25
7
32
32
Seamen's Mission, 6, Cathay
Street ....
5
5
10
4
5
7
16
26
Seamen's Chapel, Derrick St.
3
1
24
28
5
5
9
19
47
Sailor's Rest, Derrick Street
3
5
16
24
24
Working Men's Mission,
Abbey Street .
4
2
64
70
8
13
6
27
97
Grange Miss., 47,TheGrange
5
5
92
102
18
24
20
62
164
London City Mission, 118,
Weston Street .
12
21
9
42
42
London City Mission, Blue
Anchor Lane .
9
9
10
26
13
49
58
London City Mission, 24,
Paradise Street.
112
24
136
136
Total ....
60
22
498
580
367
445
786
1,598
2,178
264
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
Church of England _ .
„ „ Missions
Wesleyan Meth. Church
U. Meth. Free Church
Primitive Meth. Church
Baptist Church
„ Mission
Congregational Church
Union Church
Brethren
Presbyterian Church
Foreign Prot. Services
Unitarian Church .
Salvation Army .
Evan. Mission Services
Roman Catholic Church
Other Services
Grand Totals .
MORNING.
EVBNING. [
Men.
Women.
Cbldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
628
815
2,297
3,740
941
1,729
1,344
4,014
32
26
647
705
105
233
659
997
199
167
495
861
634
804
1,761
3,199
127
101
299
527
351
485
261
1,097
116
75
373
564
146
146
461
753
108
107
165
380
148
282
147
577
4
5
59
68
12
15
230
257
60
57
125
242
106
153
560
819
19
10
81
110
29
36
57
122
31
27
25
83
44
66
61
171
47
45
84
176
69
97
44
210
21
11
4
36
5
5
• • •
...
17
13
14
44
28
19
26
73
33
36
63
122
205
189
268
662
370
430
131
931
652
1,364
1,216
3,232
110
345
225
680
60
22
498
580
367
445
786
1,598
2,337
3,040
6,662
12,039
3,487
5,315
6,794
15,.596
Total
for the
Day.
7,754
1,702
4,060
1,624
1,317
957
325
1,061
232
254
386
41
44
195
1,593
3,912
2,178
27,635
t'f m)
\
Populatioi Roman Catholic
c
Other
Services
rt
-0
c
V
<
c
a
V
i.
a
c
B
13
H
o
other Services
(S,*; 100
90
80
70
m
50
40
30
20
10
c
3
cd
o
o
o
3
Pc]
e
1
a.
o
o
^
U
a,
15
<B
1
3
s
G
o
Q
J3
o
o
f-
H
O
Z
oi
DIAGRAM
SKe-wing A.ttendance.
TOTALS FOR SOUTH LONDON.
other Services
Black =
P
Blue = Evening
Population
All Churches
Church of England
Nonconformist
Roman Catholic
Other Services
BiRok = All Sepvtces
r-x
TABLE
SHOWING ATTENDANCE AT JEWISH SYNAGOGUES
IN LONDON
BOROUGH.
STNAQOGUi
3. Men.
Women
Chldm.
Total.
Stepney.
Brick Lane, Spitalfields
. 1,217
89
438
1,744
Sly Street, Cannon Street
Road . . 116
17
53
186
Scarborough Street .
82
11
47
140
St. Mary Street
83
2
31
116
179, Hanbury Street
54
15
57
126
Glory of Jacob, Fieldgat(
3 Street . . 107
5
81
193
Limehouse, 236, Burdett
Road . . 64
8
27
99
192, Whitechapel Road
91
16
26
133
Wilkes Street .
154
16
133
303
Lodz, Davis Mansions
71
5
30
106
Sandys Row, Spitalfields
310
40
121
471
113, New Road.
271
12
139
422
Gun Street, Spitalfields
82
10
53
145
Greenfield Street
329
36
86
451
Fashion Street .
134
24
61
219
Kiever, New Court .
157
2
61
220
29, Fournier Street .
80
35
26
141
45, Commercial Road
150
26
55
231
Booth Street, Spitalfields
207
22
136
365
Old Montagu Street .
150
61
59
270
Fieldgate Street
502
48
171
721
Dunk Street
145
29
50
224
Cannon Street Road .
547
36
503
1,086
Peace and Tranquillity, I
>uckle Street . 47
47
Vine Court
321
"22
"26
369
Old Castle Street
270
51
130
451
M
Great Garden Street
409
188
219
816
Great Alie Street
172
14
80
266
18, Princelet Street .
189
37
64
290
»
16, Princelet Street .
200
30
40
270
>»
German, Spital Square
187
33
122
342
,
East London, Stepney Gr
een . . . 649
92
236
977
Artillery Street
198
21
139
358
Hamboro', Union Street .
214
53
62
329
City of London
Great Synagogue, St. Jan
les' Place . 1,021
155
427
1,603
,,
Spanish and Portuguese, ]
3evis Marks . 544
43
226
813
,,
New Synagogue, Great St
Helens . . 754
261
55
1,070
Polish, Carter Street
52
12
64
St. Pancras .
Caversham Road
48
"32
72
152
Hampstead .
West End L .ne
361
317
220
898
City of Westminster .
St. Alban's Place .
155
34
187
376
I)
21, Maiden Lane
26
18
25
69
i>
Green's Court, Golden Sqi
lare. . . 120
34
100
254
Stoke Newington .
Princess Road .
108
152
83
343
St. Marylebone .
Upper Berkeley Street .
627
320
164
1,111
M
Central, Great Portland S
treet . . 525
210
307
1,042
>>
St. John's Wood, Abbey 1
load . . 236
233
153
622
Islington
39, Mildmay Park .
53
30
13
96
„
Lofting Road .
141
74
60
275
)>
Poets' Road, Highbury .
306
275
193
774
Hackney
Devonshire Road
228
74
257
559
,,
Wellington Road, Dais ton
92
16
68
176
,,
Jews' Home, Wells Street
25
23
48
?)
Birkbeck Road, Dalston .
227
79
185
491
Paddington .
Lauderdale Road
156
113
62
331
>)
Chichester Place
389
274
95
758
>i
St. Petersburgh Place
328
304
105
737
Southwark .
Vowler Street .
116
63
129
308
Hammersmitl
1
Brook Green
127
78
83
288
Kensington .
Kensington Park Road .
224
37
96
357
Woolwich
Royal Assembly Rooms .
34
12
46
Poplar .
East India Road
28
"1
43
72
East Ham and Manor Par
k . . . 57
16
39
112
Forest Gate, West Ham .
42
1
25
68
Walthamstow .
Grand Totals
48
2
22
72
. 15,157
4,375
7,080
26,612
265
Table showing Ratio of Attendance for each Borough
BOROUGH.
ALL AGES.
MEN.
WOMEN.
DATE.
Morning.
1
Evening. ■
Morning.
Evening.
Morning.
Evening.
1902. ,
Nov. 30
Kensington
1 in 6
1 in 9
1 in 8
1 in 11
1 in 5
1 in 8
» "
Hampstead
„ 7
„ 8
» 7
» 8
„ 7
„ 7
Dec. 7
Battersea.
» 14
» 11
„ 18
„ 13
„ 16
.. 8
»» »
Paddington
» 8
„ 10
„ 10
„ 11
,, 8
„ 9
„ 14
St. Pan eras
„ 11
„ 10
„ 14
„ 13
» 11
„ 7
1903.
Jan. 4
Lambeth .
"Wandsworth .
„ 10
» 6
» 8
„ 10
„ 13
» 8
» 9
» 9
„ 11
,, 6
„ 6
„ 8
» 11
Westminster City .
» 6
» 7
„ 8
„ 9
„ 6
» 6
„ 25
Islington .
„ 10
„ 8
„ 11
» 9
„ 10
„ 6
Feb. 1
Southwark
» 11
„ 9
„ 16
„ 13
,, 15
„ 8
» 8
Poplar
„ 13
„ 10
„ 20
„ 13
„ 18
» 8
„ 15
Stoke Newington .
„ 6
„ 6
„ 6
» 6
,, 3
» 2
„ 22
Camberwell .
„ 9
» 7
„ 11
» 8
„ 10
„ 5
Mar. 1
Bermondsey .
„ 10
» 8
„ 17
„ 11
„ 13
,, 7
„ 8
Marylebone .
» 5
n 6
,, 6
„ 8
» 5
„ 5
„ 15
Lewisham
,, 5
„ 6
» 6
„ 6
» 6
» 5
„ 22
Hackney ,
„ 8
„ 7
„ 10
„ 9
» 9
„ 5
„ 29
Greenwich
„ 7
„ 7
„ 10
„ 10
» 8
„ 6
April 5
Woolwich
» 7
,, 7
„ 10
„ 9
„ 8
» 5
„ 19
Bethnal Green
„ 17
» 9
„ 25
„ 13
„ 23
„ 8
„ 26
Deptford .
„ 13
» 9
„ 15
» 11
„ 15
„ 7
May 3
City of London
„ 2
n 2
„ 1
» 2
„ 2
„ 2
„ 10
Finsbury .
„ 13
» 8
„ 13
» 11
„ 16
„ 7
n 17
Chelsea .
„ 7
,, 8
„ 10
» 12
„ 6
M 8
» 24
Shoreditch
„ 16
» 11
» 22
„ 18
„ 19
„ 10
June 7
Molborn .
„ 7
» 9
» 9
„ 12
„ 7
„ 7
,, 14
Hammersmith
,, 11
» 14
» 13
„ 14
n 12
» 11
» )>
Fulham .
„ 13
„ 16
,, 17
„ 18
„ 16
» 14
» 21
Stepney .
., 8
„ 12
» 7
„ 15
„ 12
» 10
266
Table showing the Attendances of Men and Women in the Established,
the Nonconformist, and the Roman Catholic Churches
Date.
BOROUGH.
EST AS
_.-_;_7^^D
xoxcox
FOKJaST.
F.OMAX CATHOLIC.
Me2.
Wc-j^.
M.'..
W;-ei:.
Men.
Wc=:.i.
1 y02.
>;ov. 30
Kensington
5,519
14,509
, 2,569
4,420
1,866
5,009
)• )J
Hampsiead
2,487
5,828
■ 2,591
3,804
361
899
Dec. 7
Battersea.
2,592
4,997
3,471
4,272
416
625
)> >)
Paddington .
3,4-53
9.347
3,090
4,490
408
1.254
» 14
St. Pancra^.
3,958
7,453
5,S1I
8,391
952
1,674
1903.
Jan. 4
Lambeth .
Wandsworth .
6,912
6,685
13,111
12,640
1 9,324
6,450
13,097
8,675
389
1,554
6Ci2
2,912
M 11
Westminster City .
7,916
14,490
4,086
5,749
2,168
3,798
„ 25
Islington .
6,690
12,342
11,192
16,061
1,204
1,764
Feb. 1
Southwark
2,74-2
3.SS2
4,618
6,307
1,211
1,530
n ^
Poplar .
2,109
3,754
3,336
4,127
495
a5S
„ 15
Stoke Xewington .
1,661
2,963
2,709
4,099
135
193
„ 22
Camberwell
4,859
8,878
9,474
14,126
1,167
1,908
>rar. 1
Bermondsey .
1,706
2.S03
' 2.929
3,376
762
1,709
„ s
Marylebone
4,270
11.3S0
3.545
5,S02
1,161
3,026
„ 15
Lewisham
4,607
10,182
; 5,012
7,233
395
7SS
Hackney .
4,097
8,065
7,782
12,675
893
1,490
.. -29
Green-wich
2,585
4,482
2,435
3,543
454
81S
April 5
Woolwich
2,592
4,628
4,103
4,672
1,208
1,512
» 19
Betbnal Green
1,775
2,620
2,242
3,382
244
262
„ -26
Deptford .
2,2S0
3,273
2.476
3,289
437
493
May 3
City of London
4,247
3.946
4,2S2
3,411
...
...
„ 10
Finsbury .
1,160
2.005
3.537
3,844
683
633
» 17
Chelsea .
2,032
4.330
1,146
2,020
370
1,177
„ 24
Shoreditch
1,272
2.517
1,S40
2,609
477
600
June 7
Holborn .
1,237
2.222
1,014
1.494
1,675
1,916
» 14
Hammersmith
1,749'
3,066
1 2,304
2.656
■
579
1,02^
>> ?>
Fulham .
2,065
3.292
' 1,975
i.b'-:--^
403
939
„ 21
Stepney .
3,150
4.912
, 5,586
6,572
1,S48
3,357
267
Table showing State of Weather for each
Enumeration, Population of each Borous
and Ratios
Borough on Day of
;h, Total Attendances,
BOROUQH.
WEATHER.
POPULATION.
ATTENDANCES
AT CHURCH.
RATIO.
City of London
Wet
26,332
22,597
1 in 1-16
Marylebone
Fine
130,661
43,559
„ 3-00
Stoke Newington .
Showery
51,156
16,822
„ 3-04
Lewisham
Fine
125,951
41,375
„ 3-04
Westminster City .
Dull
181,353
50,666
„ 3-58
Woolwich.
Dull
116,137
31,511
„ 3-68
Greenwich
Fine
93,475
25,105
„ 3-72
Hampstead
Wet
80,947
20,940
„ 3-86
Kensington
Wet
174,023
44,153
„ 3-90
Hackney .
Fine
215,870
54,931
„ 3-92
Camberwell
Showery
255,604
64,046
„ 3-99
Chelsea .
Wet
70,190
17,061
„ 4-11
Wandsworth .
Unsettled
226,899
54,925
„ 413
Holborn .
Fine
58,290
13,994
„ 4-16
Paddington
Fine
142,690
31,331
„ 4-55
Islington .
Showery
328,994
72,002
„ 4-57
Berniondsey
Fine
129,.368
27,635
„ 4-68
Lambeth ....
Wet
298,188
62,304
„ 4-78
Stepney .
Fine
294,524
58,142
„ 5-06
Southwark
Damp
203,373
40,117
„ 5-06
Finsbury .
Fine
101,119
19,801
„ 5-10
St. Pancras
Wet
231,687
42,156
„ 5-49
Deptford ....
Very wet
110,179
19,569
„ 5-63
Poplar ....
Fine
165,352
28,953
„ 5-71
Bethnal Green .
Fine
127,501
20,696
„ 616
Hammersmith .
Very wet
110,682
17,741
„ 6 23
Battersea .
Fine
168,215
26,130
„ 6-43
Shoreditch
Fine
115,796
16,791
„ 6-89
Fulham ....
Very wet
135,748
18,308
„ 7-41
268
Table showing Contribution of each Church in each Borough to
Total Attendances
Date.
BOKOUGH.
Established
Chubch.
Noncon-
formist.
Roman
Catholic.
Othke Total
Services. Attendances.
1902.
Nov. 30
Kensington .
25,732
9,016
8,582
823
44,153
» »
Hampstead .
10,683
7,657
1,599
1,001
20,940
Dec. 7
Battersea
11,665
11,624
1,737
1,104
26,130
>J 5>
Paddington ,
16,871
9,465
2,071
2,924
31,331
« 14
St. Pancras .
17,816
18,369
3,608
2,363
42,156
1903.'
Jan. 4
Lambeth
Wandsworth .
27,880
27,448
31,822
20,558
1,543
5,822
1,059
1,097
62,304
54,925
,, 11
Westminster City .
29,755
11,747
7,705
1,459
50,666
„ 25
Islington
28,170
37,124
4,001
2,707
72,002
Feb. 1
Southwark .
12,405
19,944
4,497
3,271
40,117
» 8
Poplar .
11,476
13,162
2,372
1,943
28,953
„ 15
Stoke Newington .
6,210
9,389
398
825
16,822
„ 22
Camberwell .
22,288
35,422
4,533
1,803
64,046
Mar. 1
Bermondsey .
9,456
12,089
3,912
2,178
27,635
M 8
Marylebone .
21,167
11,608
5,474
5,310
43,559
,. 15
Lewisham
21,365
17,310
1,597
1,103
41,375
„ 22
Hackney
18,609
29,492
3,312
3,518
54,931
„ 29
Greenwich .
12,792
9,400
1,926
987
25,105
April 5
Woolwich
12,335
13,657
4,212
1,307
31,511
„ 19
Bethnal Green
7,992
10,613
729
1,362
20,696
„ 26
Deptford
8,005
8,824
1,302
1,438
19,569
May 3
City of London .
10,561
8,076
3,960
22,597
„ 10
Finsbury
5,523
11,549
1,728
1,001
19,801
» 17
Chelsea .
9,723
4,065
1,961
1,312
17,061
„ 24
Shoreditch .
7,118
7,926
1,409
338
16,791
June 7
Holborn
4,938
3,556
4,567
933
13,994
» 14
Hammersmith
7,446
7,160
2,263
872
17,741
>» )>
Fulham .
9,502
5,730
2,310
766
18,308
„ 21
Stepney .
14,891
20,623
8,402
14,226
58,142
429,822
416,977
93,572
62,990
1,003,361
269
TABLE
SHOWING CONTRIBUTION OP EACH BOROUGH
TO TOTAL ATTENDANCES
MORNING.
EVENING.
BOROUGH.
Total for
1
the Day.
Men.
Women.
Childrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Childrn.
Total.
Kensington .
5,960
14,439
6,134
26,538
4,325
10,043
3,252
17,620
44,153
Hampstead .
3,158
5,693
2,825
11,676
2,683
5,213
1,368
9,264
20,940
Battersea
2,873
3,749
4,903
11,525
3,933
6,650
4,022
14,605
26,130
Paddington .
4,239
8,836
4,286
17,361
3,860
7,439
2,671
13,970
31.331
at, Pancras .
5,340
7,513
7,293
20,146
5,947
10,775
5,288
22,010
42,156
Lambeth
7,216
10,082
10,196
27,494
9,665
17,164
7,981
34,810
62,304
Wandsworth
8,264
13,784
10,955
33,003
6,720
10,912
4,290
21,922
54,925
Westminster City.
7,995
12,045
7,395
27,435
6,716
12,362
4,153
23,231
50,666
Islington
9,117
11,535
11,417
32,069
10,940
19,559
9,434
39,933
72,002
Southwark .
4,046
4,357
9,154
17,557
5,091
8,012
9,457
22,560
40,117
Poplar .
2,650
2,866
7,011
12,527
3,813
6,401
6,212
16,426
28,953
Stoke Newington .
2,347
3,267
2,761
8,375
2,392
4,316
1,739
8,447
16,822
Camberwell .
6,842
8,785
12,513
28,140
9,014
16,480
10,412
35,906
64,046
Bermondsey .
2,337
3,040
6,662
12,039
3,487
5,315
6,794
15,596
27,635
Marylebone .
6,218
11,576
6,388
24,182
5,023
10,626
3,728
19,377
43,559
Lewisbam .
5,046
8,475
8,553
22,074
5,186
10,110
4,005
19,301
41,375
Hackney
6,417
8,834
10,451
25,702
7,310
14,258
7,661
29,229
54,931
Greenwich .
2,787
3,975
6,047
12,809
2,846
5,103
4,347
12,296
25,105
Woolwich
3,809
4,424
6,929
15,162
4,473
6,675
5,201
16,349
31,511
Bethnal Green
1,532
1,778
3,907
7,217
2,893
4,779
5,807
13,479
20,696
Deptford
2,354
2,475
3,476
8,305
3,038
4,873
3,353
11,264
19,569
City of London
6,539
3,645
2,245
12,429
4,490
4,278
1,400
10,168
22,597
Finsbury
2,548
2,163
2,979
7,690
2,929
4,547
4,635
12,111
19,801
Chelsea
2,057
4,386
2,445
8,888
1,765
3,712
2,696
8,173
17,061
Shoreditch .
1,630
1,982
3,304
6,916
2,033
3,860
3,982
9,875
16,791
Holborn
2,389
2,987
2,161
7,537
1,783
2,839
1,835
6,457
13,994
Hammersmith
2,546
3,420
4,012
9.978
2,365
3,605
1,793
7,763
17,741
Fulbam
2,374
2,990
4,604
9,968
2,273
3,449
2,61S
8,340
18,308
Stepney
12,692
7,412
14,100
34,204
6,312
9,131
8,495
23,938
58,142
Grand Totals
133,322
180,513
185,106
498,941
133,305
232,486
138,629
504,420
1,003,361
270
TABLE
SHOWING DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
FOR LONDON
MORNING. 1
EVENING.
Total
for the
DENOMINATION.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Ken.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
46,343
84,602
74,698i
205,643
48,396
96,680
45,477
190,553
396,196
,, ., Missions
740
887
13,152
14,779
2,928
6,048
9,871
18,847
33,626
Baptist Church
12,291
14,532
14,581
41,404
16,496
28,173
12,562
57,231
98,635
,, Missions .
280
199
2,547
3,026
971
1,781
4,042
6,794
9,820
Congregational Church .
13,106
14,728
12,265
40,099
16,700
24,439
10,590
51,729
91,828
,, Missions
399
242
3,559
4,200
1,211
2,209
6,087
9,507
13,707
Wesleyan Meth. Church
8,400
8,997
12,490
29,887
12,058
18,248
12,637
42,943
72,830
,, ,, Missions
387
241
1,149
1,777
770
1,131
1,631
3,532
5,309
Presbyterian Church .
3,692
5,084
2,841
11,617
3,927
5,861
1,516
11,304
22,921
,, Missions .
43
37
381
461
264
516
616
1,396
1,857
Salvation Army .
2,275
2,138
2,514
6,927
4,411
6,668
4,396
15,475
22,402
Brethren . . .
2,544
2,995
1,313
6,852
2,783
4,522
2,655
9,960
16,812
Evan. Mission Services .
1,006
969
1,625
3,600
3,012
5,886
2,602
11,500
15,100
Primitive Meth. Church
1,379
999
3,261
5,639
2,216
2,832
2,794
7,842
13,481
U. Meth. Free Church .
907
914
1,745
3,566
1,581
2,429
1,572
5,582
9,148
Unitarian Church .
456
741
^685
1,882
536
748
433
1,717
3,599
Cath. Apostolic Church
671
829
285
1,785
562
622
263
1,447
3,232
Bible Christian Church
214
237
392
843
686
962
540
2,188
3,031
Society of Friends .
560
416
444
1,420
304
521
742
1,567
2,987
Foreign Prot. Services .
597
552
165
1,314
550
510
119
1,179
2,493
Welsh Cal. Meth. Church
209
114
80
403
604
577
193
1,374
1,777
Meth. New Connexion .
166
149
410
725
235
393
272
900
1,625
Disciples of Christ.
152
188
160
500
172
337
196
705
1,205
Christadelphian Church
171
187
79
437
185
200
67
452
889
New Jerusalem Church
175
183
109
467
161
179
45
385
852
Cal. Independent Church
131
128
87
346
142
277
47
466
812
Free Episcopal Churches
71
100
57
228
39
97
18
154
382
Sandemanian Church. .
26
34
21
81
18
27
17
62
143
Moravian Church .
15
25
3
43
12
18
27
57
100
Roman Catholic Church
18,784
32,884
22,012
73,680
5,071
9,890
4,931
19,892
93,572
Other Services
17,132
6,182
11,996
35,310
6,304
9,705
11,671
27,680
62,990
Grand Totals .
133,322
180,513
185,106
498,941
133,305
232,486
138,629
504,420
1,003,361
271
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Other Services
r^
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Total Attendance of Men
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Total Attendance of Women
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orshippers reside in otlier Boroughs.
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Facts and Forces not Enumerated
BY THE REV. HENRY MANN
There are forces at work in the religious world that escape the most
vigilant enumerator. The counting of worshippers can at best be
but a rough indication of the outward influences at work in any
particular, Church. No tale of numbers can possibly gauge the
strength of those subtle spiritual forces which are surprisingly
indifferent to a mere collection of faces. Perhaps in the last
analysis it may be found that a small congregation of men and
women whose hearts burn with an unquenchable zeal for the
establishment of the kingdom of God are doing more to bring
about that great consummation than the great crowd who flock to
hear a popular preacher. There is sometimes a mischievous fallacy
in numbers. A crowd is not a church. Once, at least, a handful
of fishermen, despised by the hierarchy, succeeded in turning the
world upside down. It is as untrue in Church work as in war that
" God is always on the side of the big battalions."
It was not in the minds of the originators of the Church Census
to take cognisance of the secret workings of the Spirit of truth.
Their endeavour was to try and discover how far the organised
Churches were influencing the people to attend their ministrations,
and whether the power of the Church as an instrument of righteous-
ness was estimated at its true value by the body politic. In this
laudable aim the only possible test was the test of numbers. By
an enumeration of the worshippers an approximation could be
obtained of the hold the Church had secured on the mind of the
nation, the scope of the inquiry being restricted to the ordinary
public services. Obviously, the scheme had its limitations. It was
not found practicable to include all the operations of a Church's
activity. Had this been possible, and the enumeration covered the
week-days and the whole of Sunday, it would have been found that
273 18
274 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
the ramifications of tlie Church's influence penetrate into quarters
of our national life little suspected.
It is the object of this paper to supply some facts untouched
by the enumerator.
The work of the Church among the young is only touched by
the Census when the morning scholars happened to be drafted
into the church for the public service, or where a special service
was being held for young people at the same hour as the public
service. This necessarily shut out of view a huge slice of Church
influence and work, a work to which increasing attention is being
paid, and for which the most energetic churchmen of both schools
are continually perfecting their machinery. During the last twenty-
five years the greatest proportion of the additions to Church mem-
bership in the Free Churches has come from the Sunday schools,
while during the same period the number of those added to the
Church by the old-time method of " conversion " has sensibly
diminished. Some time ago a leading religious journal had a series
of articles and a long correspondence on " The Dearth of Modern
Conversions." The impression of the controversy that lingers
longest is that the Churches' hope for their permanence and growth
lies in their closer attention to Sunday-school work. The intima-
tion has not been lost sight of. The Sunday-school methods are
being brought up to date, and the most progressive Churches are no
longer content to leave this all-important work to the inexperienced
and the untrained.
The same remark applies to the Anglican and Roman Catholic
schools. By far the largest number of candidates for confirmation
in the Episcopal Church come from the Sunday schools or the guilds
that have adopted the methods of St. Sulpice ; while the careful and
persistent oversight of the young in the Roman Communion has
almost passed into a proverb. In the Anglican Sunday schools,
Bible-classes, and guilds in the London and Rochester dioceses there
are over half a million registered members. In the auxiliaries of
the Sunday School Union covering the same area, and in the Free
Church schools not affiliated with the Union, there are over 600,000
scholars registered. The average attendance at schools and guilds
has been variously computed at anything between 65 and 75 per
cent, of the registered membership. At the lowest reckoning we
have nearly three-quarters of a million of young people in constant
attendance on Sundays for the purpose of receiving religious
instruction. It is only fair to assume that the young people who
FACTS AND FOECES NOT ENUMERATED 275
are thus instructed during the most impressionable period of their
lives are as capable of receiving moral and religious impetus as
those of older years who are reckoned as having attended divine
service.
Yet by the terms of their instructions the Census enumerators
were compelled to leave this great and far-reaching work untouched.
But no estimate of the value of the Church's work among the
populace can approach anything like accuracy that leaves it out
of view.
The same is to be said of two movements, either under the
direct control of, or associated with, the Church, which have had
a rapid development during the last twenty years — the Pleasant
Sunday Afternoon and the Adult School movement. As these two
movements are being dealt with by other writers, only a few words
are necessary here.
The former movement aims professedly at reaching the ordinary
non-church-goer. Its title contains an implied protest against the
supposed dulness of the English Sabbath to the man to whom
a Church service makes no strong appeal. While lacking the
usual reverence that is expected at a service for Divine worship,
the P.S.A. contains a strong element of devotion; and while the
addresses and musical accompaniments may not always have a
religious flavour, the religious atmosphere is never wanting. The
movement may be fairly described as religious in the true sense
of the word, and many instances have been known of the man
first attracted by the free-and-easy method of the P.S.A. being
drawn into closer association with Church life and organisation.
"We do not think we are overstating the case when we say that
this movement in certain districts has succeeded in attracting the
outsider when the ordinary service of the Church has failed. At
any rate, in estimating the work of the Church in the world this
movement cannot be left out of the reckoning. That it is popular
may be seen from the fact than an attendance of five or six
hundred is by no means uncommon ; that it is powerful for good
may be gauged by the number of its members whose lives have
been transformed.
The Adult School movement is making its way quietly yet
perceptibly, as befits an organisation largely controlled and inspired
by the Society of Friends. In fact, the movement suffers to some
extent by its modesty. Meeting in the early morning, with no
parade or ostentation, but simply inspired by a desire to study in
276 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
co-operation tlie "Word of God, this movement is doing more to
fashion religious opinion and mould religious character than many
of the Churches. It may be a surprise to many of our readers to
know that the membership of these classes has grown into
thousands during the last decade, and is still making rapid
progress. The affiliated schools are virile and enthusiastic. This
movement must necessarily be included in any estimate of the
religious forces of London.
Still restricting our view to the Sabbath day, notice must be
taken of the morning and evening prayer-meetings, and, in the case
of the Methodists, the class-meeting. While it may be readily
granted that during recent years both the prayer-meeting and the
class-meeting have sadly declined in numbers, they are by no means
the least influential of the inner forces of the Church's life. It is
probable that in London the week-night class-meeting in the
Wesleyan and other Methodist Churches has been to a great extent
superseded b}^ the Sunday morning class-meeting, or has given
way, among young people, to the Wesley Guild and the Christian
Endeavour meeting. Whether this be so or not, the Sunday class-
meeting is a favourite means of grace to many Methodists, and
in the most aggressive churches manifests a real spiritual vitality.
The Sunday evening prayer-meeting may be generally regarded as
a continuation of the public service, but the same cannot be said
of the morning meeting for prayer. This is a separate service
entirely, and in some churches is regarded, and rightly so, as an
important feature of the day's work. Though the attendances are
necessarily restricted, the influence of such gatherings is felt at all
the subsequent activities of the day.
Again, the Census enumerators were debarred from taking
cognisance of what is a feature in many Congregational and Baptist
churches, viz. the " Social Hour," usually held in the lecture-hall
or church parlour. The aim of this gathering is to give the pastor
and officers an opportunity of coming into more direct personal
contact with strangers than is possible in the public service, and
to give young people an opportunity of forming friendships and
relieving the monotony of a day that drags somewhat wearily. The
gathering is of a free and homely character, light refreshments are
handed round, the pastor and deacons mix freely with their guests,
and the hour is closed with family prayer. It must not be supposed
that the frequenters of the " Social Hour " are always those who
have been present at the preceding public service. Undoubtedly
FACTS AND FORCES NOT ENUMERATED 277
a goodly number of worshippers accept the invitation extended from
the pulpit, but many find their way to the social gathering who
scrupulously avoid the public worship. And who shall say that
upon them the religious influence of the Social Hour is wasted ? ,
Turning back to the early part of the day, the religious work
of the Boys' Brigades calls for a short notice. While criticisms
have been made upon the military side of this movement, the
religious side calls for merited commendation. One of the
regulations of each company is that the members attend a
Sunday morning or week-day parade for Bible study. Anghcan
workers in this movement speak in glowing terms of the influence
of this instruction in forming habits of devotion and reverence
among a somewhat raw human material.
A phase of Church work that is rarely made public is the
systematic lodging-house visits, and the voluntary services con-
ducted in workhouses and infirmaries. Churches m the City and
suburbs regularly draft some of their workers on Sunday evenings
to the adjacent buildings, to conduct services in the courtyards
or in the rooms. The general public has no conception of the
large numbers of people who are thus ministered unto-people
who are too indifferently clad, or too wearied or frail, to venture
into public places, but who welcome in their own neighbourhoods
a homely and unofficial service. In one church known to us the
Census returns suffered by at least one hundred worshippers
because the workers were engaged in quarters unknown and
unsuspected by the enumerators. Similarly, bands of workers go
forth on Sunday afternoons to minister to the poor and destitute
in workhouses and workhouse infirmaries.
Perhaps the greatest religious activity untabulated is that of
outdoor preaching. This form of propaganda is carried on m
London to an extent unknown in the provinces. It is not without
reason that the superintendent of the Census pleads for an
extension and an improved quality of this form of work. Many
Churches have realised its value, and prosecute the work more
or less efficiently; but in its crudest form it is a great factor m
the religious life of the community. Let the inquirer proceed o
any of the public parks on Sunday afternoons, or take a walk
through any of the main thoroughfares on Sunday evenmgs, and
for a? least six months during the year he will come across
bands of earnest men and women, giving testimony, smgmg
gospel songs, uttering fervent appeals, and in their own way
278 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
declaring tlie good news of the kingdom. Occasionally he will be
arrested by the proclamation of the truth by men who have
cultivated aU the arts of outdoor oratory, and not unfrequently
will listen to a discourse that has already done duty within doors.
It is to the praise of many ministers that they lead their flocks
to these open-air pastures. It is manifestly impossible to gauge the
number of outsiders who are attracted by these al fresco preachings,
but their number must be very considerable. At least, the man
in the street has an opportunity of hearing the Word, and
though immediate results are not always apparent, the seed must
find a lodging occasionally in good ground. At any rate, it was
the Master's method, and His modern disciples, to some degree,
though not as extensively as might be, are following it. In order to
illustrate the far-reaching character of this work, the superintendent
of the Census has given in the appendix the numbers attending
several typical open-air gatherings. Obviously it would be difficult,
if not impossible, for the enumerators to cover the whole ground.
Bare mention must suffice of other agencies doing their work
out of the gaze of the public, as tract distribution, the Home
Sunday School, the Mission to Goalies, the Navvy Mission, the
Barmaids' Mission, the Midnight Meeting movement, and others.
In each of these, Sunday is found to be the best day for the
operations of the workers.
No review of religious life and work would be complete that
did not include the multifarious activities of the Churches during
the days of the week. The mid-day services in some of the City
churches call the broker, merchant, clerk, or warehouseman to a
short diet of worship, and not in vain. From the City Temple
with its thousands, to St. Bride's, Fleet Street, with its score, and
at least thirty other churches and chapels with congregations of
varying magnitude, the life of the Spirit is projected into the
bustling and tumultuous life of the world. The morning and
evening service at St. Paul's and the collegiate churches, the
Lenten and Advent special series of services, the feast days and
patronal saints' days observed with befitting reverence, touch the
life of the religious-minded Londoner into finer issues.
Neither must it be forgotten that many mothers and housewives
are debarred by domestic duties from attendance at the house
of God on Sundays. For these, in many churches, provision is
made on Monday afternoon ; and the Women's Own, the Mothers'
Meeting, the Women's Guild, and other similar agencies have a
FACTS AND FORCES NOT ENUMERATED 279
registered attendance, wliicli in some instances mounts up into
the hundreds.
The work of the agents employed by the London City Mission
in their visitations and impromptu services should not pass
■without recognition. And in the same connection, the excellent,
though unrecorded, work of the various Deaconesses and Sisters
of the poor now associated with so many churches, both Established
and Free, ought not to be overlooked. The pastoral visitations
of the clergy and Nonconformist ministers, in so many instances
carried out with systematic regularity, are an important factor in
estimating the non-public ministrations of Christian workers.
A single sentence must sufhce for the mid-day prayer-meetings
at the Y.M.C.A.s carried on all the year round, and also for the
training colleges and schools for Bible study at the Sunday
School Union and other centres, the influences of which cannot be
calculated.
Perhaps of all the week-night agencies of the Church, the
Society of Christian Endeavour is the most influential for good.
In some Churches it is the one great driving force ; in many it is
the organisation that shows signs of greatest vitality ; and in all
it is the only training-ground for the workers of the future. In
the Wesleyan Methodist Church the corresponding society is the
"Wesley Guild. It is safe to say that in these two societies many
thousands of young people in London find their deepest satisfactions,
and realise their highest aspirations.
The Pleasant Evening movement has become a power in some
Churches, and has succeeded in attracting men and women for
whom a distinctly devotional service has no charms. Some of these
"Evenings" are attended by hundreds of working men and their
wives.
We can only mention the literary and mutual improvement
societies, recreative clubs and guilds in association with many
churches, the members of which necessarily come under more or
less well-defined religious influence.
This rapid survey of religious activity out of the purview
of the enumerators may serve to some extent to correct the
tendency to fall into an attitude of pessimism when estimating the
value and power of the Church's hold upon the masses.
The Daily News Census (1902-3) compared
with the British Weekly Census (1886)
BY JANE T. STODDART
When Dr. Robertson NicoU was planning the first numbers of the
British Weekly in the autumn of 1886, the idea occurred to him
of taking a religious census of the attendance at London churches.
Major Colquhoun, of Lyons, who had previously superintended a
similar but much smaller work in Glasgow, undertook the general
charge of the enumeration. On Sunday, October 24th, 1886, about
fifteen hundred churches and chapels were visited, the number of
persons employed amounting to several thousands. The day was
bright, though cold, and there is every reason to believe that the
attendance was fully up to the average. A census of the mission-
halls was taken on the last Sunday of November 1887. In this case
the results were furnished by the persons in charge of the halls.
The figures in each case were accepted by all parties as
substantially correct. Amongst those who wrote to thank the
editor were Mr. GTladstone and Dean Farrar. Dr. Walsham How,
then Bishop of Bedford, wrote : " We all owe you a great debt of
gratitude for the census of attendance at public worship which
you have made with so much pains and with such an evident
desire to be strictly accurate. Such a laborious work could not
be carried through without some errors or omissions, but these
seem to be comparatively few, and will, I have no doubt, be
corrected when your work appears in a final form. I think the
result is distinctl}'- encouraging, and I heartily sympathise with
your hopeful deduction from the statistics you have collected."
The population of " Smaller London " in 1881 amounted to
3,816,483. By 1901 it had increased to rather more than 4,500,000.
In the various places of worship, including missions, the British
Weekly estimated an attendance of 1,167,312; the Daily News of
1,003,361. Although the population of the London area has
280
CENSUS OF 1902-3 COMPARED WITH CENSUS OF 1886 281
increased by some 500,000 during the last seventeen years, there
has, nevertheless, been a decrease of over 160,000 in church
attendances. I propose in this article to compare the results of
the British Weekly Census with those presented by the Daily Neivs^
and to examine in detail the figures of the larger religious com-
munities. An absolutely confident assertion is rendered difficult
by the fact that, while the 1886 Census was taken on one fine
Sunday, the Daily News Census was spread over many months,
including the entire winter, and some of the Sundays were wet
or foggy. Had the Daily News Census been taken only on fine
Sundays it is probable that the results would have been better.
The development of the week-end habit since 1886 no doubt
partially explains the falling off in certain west-end boroughs.
A DETAILED COMPARISON
I.— THE CHUUCH OF ENGLAND
When the British Weekly Census was taken, the Church of England
in London had a great preponderance over all forms of Noncon-
formity put together. The most startling feature of the Daily
News Census is the decrease of worshippers in the Established
Church. The Guardian, commenting on Dr. Robertson Nicoll's
figures as given in the paper he read in July 1902 at Sion College,
says : " If his calculations are correct, the outcome is, that, while
the population of the London area has increased by some 500,000
during the last seventeen years, there has, nevertheless, been a
decrease of something like 150,000 in the attendances. This
decrease is almost confined to the Church of England, for whereas
Nonconformity shows a falling off from 369,000 to 363,000 (in round
numbers) the Church attendances have diminished from 535,000 to
396,000, excluding mission-halls. In other words, religious worship
generally has not kept pace with population, and in the Church
of England there are only three worshippers in 1902-3 for every
four who were found there in 1886. The figures which concern
the Church are so remarkable that we hope that they will form
the subject of a special inquiry by the authorities of the dioceses
of London and Rochester. The Wesleyan Methodist Conference,
we notice, has appointed a Committee to inquire into the statistics
affecting Wesleyan Methodism, and a joint committee might well
282
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
be appointed by the Bishops to whom the spiritual oversight of
the metropolis is entrusted."
The number of worshippers at the Anglican churches for
the morning and evening services realised in 1886 the total of
535,715, exclusive of missions. The Daily News gives a total
of 396,196, excluding missions. The decline of nearly 140,000 in
the Anglican figures would of itself account for the total decrease
which has taken place in the last sixteen years. In 1886 the
number of Nonconforming worshippers at the two services, ex-
cluding missions and the Salvation Army, was 369,349, the Church
of England having thus a majority over all Nonconformists of
about 165,000. The Daily News Census gives the total Noncon-
formist figures, excluding missions and the Salvation Army, as
363,882. The Free Churches, as Dr. Nicoll has pointed out, have
not quite held their ground, but they have held it so nearly that
the numerical distance between them and the Church of England
has almost disappeared. " The Daily News estimates that the
Church of England and her missions number 429,822 worshippers,
while the Nonconformist Churches and their missions, including
the Salvation Army, which has a total attendance of 22,402,
number 416,977. For one Church of England worshipper there
is practically another Nonconformist worshipper."
A. THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN THE RICHER
BOROUGHS
In the borough of Kensington we find that in the parish
church of St. Mary Abbott the attendance had increased from
3,800 in 1886 to 3,900 in 1902-3. Under Canon Somerset Penne-
father the work of St. Mary Abbott's and its daughter churches
is maintained as earnestly and successfully as in the time of
Bishop Carr Glyn. The figures of several other Kensington
churches are less encouraging, as will be seen from the following
table :
KENSINGTON.
1886.
1902-3.
St. Stephen's
St. Philip's, Earl's Court Road
St. Peter's, Cranley Gardens ....
St. Peter's, Kensington Park ....
St. Paul'.s, Onslow Square ....
St. Mary's, Boltons
1,407
1,752
1,683
1,433
2,970
1,457
811
880
1,174
827
1,699
417
CENSUS OF 1902-3 COMPARED WITH CENSUS OF 1886 283
In tlie borough of Hampstead the census was taken in bad
weather. A notable decline here was at Christ Church, a well-
known Evangelical centre, which had amongst its former Vicars
Bishop Bickersteth, of Exeter, and the Rev. G. F. Head, now of
Clifton. Here the numbers in 1886 were 2,325 for the day. In
1902-3 they were only 909. At St. Stephen's, Hampstead Green,
the attendance in 1886 was 1,372, in 1902-3 only 643. At Trinity
Church, Finchley Road, the British Weekly figures were 2,050 for
one day, those of the Daily News only 951.
Paddington is another wealthy borough. Its churches were
visited by the Daily News enumerators on Sunday, December 7th,
1902, a cold, but dry, clear day. In Paddington the Church of
England has a considerable preponderance in numbers over the
other denominations, but the decrease at many leading Anglican
places of worship was significant as compared with 1886. The
following comparative table for Paddington shows, amongst other
things, how seriously the week-end habit is affecting West London :
PADDINGTON.
St. Michael's ....
St. James's ....
Christ Church, Lancaster Gate
St. Matthew's, Bayswater
Holy Trinity Church
St. Mary's, Paddington Green .
St. Stephen's ....
Emmanuel Church .
St. Paul's .....
St. Augustine's ....
St. Saviour's ....
St. Mary Magdalene's
1886.
1902-3.
1,638
653
1,215
655
2,888
1,825
2,524
1,601
2,346
714
626
393
2,605
1,576
642
330
1,270
458
1,651
1,196
2,050
1,054
2,105
863
In the borough of St. Maeylebone the Church of England
worshippers, while still in a large majority over those of other
denominations, show a decline in seventeen years of 6,000;
the highest figures for the entire Borough were those of Holy
Trinity, an Evangelical church which is prospering greatly
under the ministry of the Rev. E. Grose Hodge. Generally
speaking, it may be said that energetic, modern-minded clergy-
men, like the Eev. H. Eussell Wakefield, of St. Mary's, Bryanston
Square, gather round them a good congregation, but that where
the preaching has no popular attractions the tendency to decline
is emphasised.
284
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
The comparative table for this borough presents some features of
interest :
ST. MARYLEBONE.
1886.
1902-3.
Church of St. Mary-le-bone
2,647
1,537
All Souls', Langhani Place
1,699
1,451
Christ Church, Stafford Street
805
656
All Saints', Margaret Street
930
734
Holy Trinity Church, Marylebone Road .
1,498
1,713
St. Andrew's, Wells Street
2,023
1,072
St. Cyprian's, Dorset Square
231
147
St. Barnabas', Bell Street ....
444
239
St. James's, Westmoreland Street .
1,007
209
St. Luke's, Nutford Place
748
367
St. Mark's, Hamilton Terrace ....
2,366
1,202
St. Mary's, Bryanston Square .
647
1,057
St. Mark's, IMarylebone Road .
340
729
St. Matthew's, Carlisle Street .
119
181
St. Paul's, Great Portland Street
677
360
St. Paul's, Portman Square
2,556
1,097
St. Peter's, Vere Street ....
1,342
1,607
St. Thomas's, Orchard Street .
673
536
Church of the Annunciation, Quebec Street
1,101
931
All Saints', Finchley Road
1,731
683
Emmanuel Church, Maida Hill .
909
656
Brunswick Church, Upper Berkeley Street
617
1,222
B. MIDDLE-CLASS AND POORER BOROUGHS
The decline in the Established Church is fairly uniform all
over London, affecting rich, middle class, and poor districts. In
Battersea, for example, where the Daily News Census was taken in
clear, cold weather, the totals for the Anglican and Free Churches
were almost exactly equal. The Church of England had an attend-
ance for the day of 11,665 ; the Free Churches of 11,624. The
accompanying table shows where the decrease has been most
seriously felt:
BATTERSEA.
St. Philip's
St. Saviour's
St. George's
St. Michael's, Battersea Rise
Christ Church .
1886.
928
670
457
1,305
1,033
1902 3.
434
323
360
557
423
Camberwelx, may be considered a middle-class borough, and
there the total Anghcan attendance was 22,288 ; the Nonconformist,
35,422. Here, again, there is in the Church of England a general
I
CENSUS OF 1902-3 COMPARED WITH CENSUS OF 1886 285
tendency towards reduction, and in some cases an almost inexplic-
able decline. Why is it, we must ask, tliat at the important and
prominently situated church of St. Giles the attendance has sunk
from 1,982 to 814? What accounts for the decline at St. Jude's
from 1,300 to 456, and at St. Luke's, the Ritualist centre, where the
Rev. H. B. Chapman toiles heroically amongst the poor, from
1,678 to 840 ?
CAMBERWELL.
1886.
1902-3.
Camden Church, Peckham Road .
1,039
719
Emmanuel Church .
760
556
St. Giles's, Church Street
1,982
814
Christ Church, Old Kent Road
731
402
St. Andrew's, Glengall Road .
400
331
St. Chrysostom's, Hill Street .
574
657
St. Jude's, Meeting House Lane
1,300
456
St. Mark's, Coburg Road
333
472
St. George's, Well Street .
866
760
St. Luke's, Rosemary Road
1,678
840
Dulwich College Chapel .
835
566
St. Philip's, Avoudale Square .
532
353
St. Peter's, Duhvich.
1,023
719
St. Paul's, Heme Hill .
827
717
St. Stephen's, Dulwich .
606
542
St. Clement's, Dulwich .
1,367
961
St. John's, East Dulwich .
1,956
870
All Saints', Blenheim Grove .
1,080
599
St. Antholin's, Nunhead Lane
1,571
666
St. Mary Magdalene's
1,779
900
Poplar is a poor, crowded, despondent borough, on which many
efforts have been spent during these seventeen years. The obscure
little church of St. Saviour's had, for a short while, as its vicar one
of the greatest saints and leaders of modern England— Robert
Radclyffe Dolling, and if life had been spared him to fulfil such a
ministry as Dr. Clifford's, he might have revolutionised East London.
Mr. and Mrs. Gladstone watched with keen solicitude over the infant
fortunes of St. Frideswide's Oxford Mission, and the present Bishop
of Bloemfontein, Dr. Chandler, spent years of arduous service as
Rector of Poplar. In 1886 the leading AngHcan church of the
Borough, St. Stephen's, North Bow, had a total attendance of
1 809. These figures were reduced under the present Census to less
than one-half. The following table is interesting as showing that
the only slight increases are recorded at Christ Church, Isle of Dogs,
and St. Saviour's, where the Rev. M. N. Trollope is proving an
admirable successor to Father Dolling.
286
THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
POPLAR.
1886.
1902-3.
All Hallows', Bromley
342
253
All Hallows', East India Docks
1,259
547
All Saints' ....
1,093
701
St. John's, Isle of Dogs .
846
443
Christ Church, Isle of Dogs
367
430
St. Gabriel's, Bromley
637
511
St. Luke's, Millwall
525
386
St. Mark's, Victoria Park
400
362
St. Matthias', High Street
468
390
St. Michael's, Bromley .
925
647
St. Paul's, Old Ford
144
76
St. Saviour's, Northumberland Street
467
582
St. Stephen's, North Bow
1,809
831
St. Stephen's, East India Dock Road
630
435
Bethnal Green is one of the poorest and most crowded of
London districts, and here the most popular clergyman is the
Rev. J. E. Watts Ditchfield, Vicar of St. James-the-Less. The
British Weekly Census gave the numbers at this church as 580 :
the Daily News reports them as 1,699. This does not include the
Men's Meeting on Sunday afternoons, which is, perhaps, the most
successful feature of Mr. Watts Ditchfield's work. One of Mr.
Booth's assistants reckoned the attendance as 600. After St.
James-the-Less, the highest figures are those of St. Matthew's,
the parish church, of which the Bishop of London was Rector
during his Headship of Oxford House. The figures at St. Matthew's
were 1,274 in 1886, and 682 in 1903, and the decHne is doubtless
explained by the harvest festival which was held on the earlier
Sunday. Still, it is disappointing, when one considers that so
eminent a man as the present Bishop of London has given some of
his best years to the parish, that the number of worshippers has not
increased more rapidly. Seventeen years ago the Rev. H. B.
Bromby, a well-known High Churchman who succeeded Mr. (after-
wards Dean) Randall as Vicar of All Saints', Clifton, drew at
St. John the Evangelist's a congregation of 1,161. The Daily
News figures here are only 312.
In Mr. Charles Booth's earlier volumes on " The Life and
Labour of the People," he placed St. Saviour's, Southwark, " on
her wretched throne " among the poverty-stricken districts south
of the river. Southwark was visited by the Daily News in February
1903 in clear, seasonable weather, and it was discovered that
the total Anglican attendance for the day was 12,405 ; the Non-
conformist, 19,944. A comparison with 1886 reveals again an
CENSUS OF 1902-3 COMPARED WITH CENSUS OP 1886 287
ominous decline in numbers. In some churches, as the table
shows, the attendance has fallen off by more than one-half.
SOUTHWARK.
1886.
1902-3.
Christ Church, Blackfriars Road
772
361
All Hallows,' Pepper Street .
380
693
St. Peter's, Sumner Street
217
210
St. Saviour's
1,078
856
St. George the Martyr's .
1,223
580
St. Stephen's
220
183
St. Alphege's, Lancaster Street
829
475
St. Michael's, Lant Street
94
257
St. Jude's
43.5
162
Holy Trinity Church, Trinity Square
St. Andrew's, New Kent Road
347
829
316
414
St. Matthew's, New Kent Road
434
542
All Saints', Surrey Square
1,403
226
All Souls', Grosvenor Park
311
295
St. Mark's, East Street .
402
226
St. Paul's, Lorrimore Square .
1,003
746
St. Agnes', Kennington .
882
833
St. Gabriel's, Newington .
491
134
St. Mary's, Kennington Park Road .
1,172
429
In the borough of Islington the tendency to decline is not
less conspicuous. It may be partly explained by the loss of such
popular preachers as the late Prebendary Gordon Calthrop, of
St. Augustine's, and the Rev. E. A. Stuart, of St. James's,
Holloway, in 1886, but now of St. Matthew's, Bayswater.
ISLINGTON.
1886.
1902-3.
Christ Church, Highbury Grove
834
527
St. Augustine's, Highbury New Park
St. John's, Highbury Vale
2,022
1,500
961
550
St. Saviour's, Aberdeen Park .
893
345
St. Thomas's, Finsbury Park .
575
938
St. George's, Tufnell Park
1,578
763
St. Mark's, Tollington Park .
1,085
628
St. Mary's, Hornsey Rise
1,541
.557
St. Paul's, Upper Holloway .
1,056
545
St. Stephen's, Upper Holloway
497
237
All Saints', Tufnell Park .
908
689
St. Philip's, Arlington Square .
474
454
St. Barnabas' ....
1,192
405
St. Paul's, Essex Road .
1,225
1,056
St. James's, Holloway
2,647
1,343
Holy Trinity Church, Cloudesley Square
1,232
836
St. Stephen's, Canonbury Road
997
433
In Hackney the Church of England has lost, roughly speaking,
over 5,000 during seventeen years, while the Nonconformists have
gained about 1,000. This is exclusive of the Salvation Army,
288
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
which on the Sunday of the Daily News Census drew 2,549
persons to its Congress Hall in Clapton. The Anglican figures
of Hackney are rather curious. The total attendance in this
borough, according to the Daily News Census, was 18,609 for the
Anglicans, and 29,492 for the Nonconformists.
HACKNEY.
1886.
1902-3.
St. John's, Mare Street
2,056
1,470
Christ Church, Clapton .
508
314
St. James's, Clapton
836
897
St. Thomas's, Cla ^ton
664
659
St. Michael's, Stoke Newington
1,800
959
St. Matthew's, Upper Clapton
1,672
1,181
All Saints', Clapton Park
1,297
765
All Souls', Clapton Park .
723
554
St. Barnabas', Homerton .
588
394
Holy Trinity Church, Dalston
926
292
St. Bartholomew's, Dalston
879
502
St. Mark's, Dalston .
1,522
802
St. Philip's, Dalston .
775
753
St. Michael's, London Fields .
643
541
Eton Mission Church
512
659
St. Luke's
2,613
600
Christ Church, Victoria Park .
542
392
St. Augustine's ....
769
486
Church of St. John of Jerusalem
1,350
685
The City churches constitute a problem by themselves, and
the only point worth noting for the purpose of our comparison is
the decline at St. Paul's Cathedral from 4,705 in 1886 to 2,337 in
1903. This may be partially accounted for by the fact that rain
fell heavily on the Sunday in May, 1903, when the Daily News
enumerators visited the Cathedral. The bad weather did not,
however, prevent the assembling of 7,000 persons at the City
Temple, where the Rev. E,. J. Campbell was beginning his
pastorate.
II.— THE THREE GREAT NONCONPORMIST BODIES
—BAPTISTS, CONGREGATIONALISTS, AND
WESLEYAN METHODISTS
A. THE BAPTISTS
4
Students of the Daily News Census have frequently remarked
that the Baptists appear to be the one really growing religious
body in the metropolis, and so keen an observer as Mr. Charles
Booth was deeply impressed by their progress, especially in poor
CENSUS OF 1902-3 COMPAEED WITH CENSUS OP 1886 289
and crowded neighbourhoods. Wander where we may, there is
nowhere a symptom of Baptist decline.
In Paddington we noted the retrogression of the Church of
England, and at the chief Wesleyan church there is also a falling
off from 1,403 in 1886 to 540 in the recent census. Dr. Clifford's
church, on the other hand, shows an attendance almost precisely
the same for both years, and it now holds a recognised position
as the most crowded place of worship in the borough.
In Islington, where the Free Churches had a majority, the
highest numbers for the day were found at Upper Holloway Chapel
(the Rev. J. R. Wood), and as Mr. Wood pointed out at the time,
there were 5,000 more male worshippers in the Free Churches of
Islington than in the churches of the Establishment.
In SouTHWARK the Metropolitan Tabernacle stood first with
3,626 for the day. Seventeen j'^ears ago the numbers approached
11,000. The change is accounted for by the withdrawal of C. H.
Spurgeon's great personality, and the rebuilding of the Tabernacle
on a smaller scale. The Strict Baptist chapel in Wansey Street
has sunk from 1,366 to 646.
The Baptists show but slight progress in Greenwich, although
the figures tend to rise. But at Woolwich there is the great
Tabernacle presided over by the Rev. J. Wilson, Vice-
President of the Baptist Union. Here the numbers have doubled
in the course of seventeen years. The Tabernacle is far ahead of
all the other Protestant churches. The cause was founded in
1873, and when the former Census was taken, Mr. Wilson had his
church at Parson's Hill. The foundation-stone of the New
Tabernacle was laid in 1895 by the Rev. J. A. Spurgeon, in
memory of his brother, Charles Haddon Spurgeon. In all his
journeyings round London there was no work to which Mr. Booth
gave more enthusiastic praise than that of Woolwich Tabernacle.
A quiet and steady growth is observable even in the least
promising districts. Thus at Chelsea Chapel, under the Rev. J.
Spence, the Baptist figures have been nearly doubled.
In East London the Baptists are making satisfactory progress.
The Poplar and Bow Tabernacle, which dates from 1888, showed an
attendance of 1,236. When Pastor Tildsley came to the work here,
five years ago, he found the pulpit and galleries closed, and a
morning congregation of forty-four. Now the Tabernacle stands
first in the list of Protestant churches. At Berger Hall the
numbers have gone up from 290 to 1,208.
19
290
THE EELiaiOUS LIFE OF LONDON
The Baptists are prosperous in Hackney, especially at Hackney-
Downs Chapel, Chatsworth Road, Clapton, and Ashwin Street,
Dalston.
They are flourishing also in Camberwell, where the important
Peckham E-ye Tabernacle shows an attendance of 1,096. The
South London Tabernacle (the Rev. E. Roberts) has more than
doubled its figures, while Rye Lane, under the Rev. J. W. Ewing,
has progressed in every direction, and has actually increased its
membership by 200 or 300 between the two enumerations. The
apparent falling off is due to the fact that a Sunday School Anni-
versary was held when the British Weekly Census was taken, while
that of the Daily News was of the attendance at the ordinary services.
Baptist Comparative Figures
Westbourne Park
Upper Holloway
Metropolitan Tabernacle .
Surrey Tabernacle .
Devonshire Square, Stoke Newingt
Woodberry Down
Abbey Road, St. John's Wood
Woolwich Tabernacle
Shoreditch Tabernacle
Chelsea Chapel
Bloomsbury Chapel .
Regent's Park ....
Highgate Road ....
Chatsworth Road, West Norwood
Hackney Downs
Chatsworth Road, Clapton
Ashwin Street, Dalston .
South London Tabernacle
Peckham Park Road
Peckham Rye Tabernacle
Rye Lane, Peckham.
Lordship Lane, Dulwich .
1886.
2,479
2,010
10,589
1,365
2,202
943
1,451
1,124
2,501
506
1,331
750
1,266
1,008
912
164
1,463
661
1,097
2,485
708
1902-3.
2,213
1,857
3,625
546
1,291
1,227
1,073
2,244
1,766
935
1,045
1,395
1,037
1,938
1,191
609
1,247
1,615
712
1,095
1,705
966
» Founrted 1895.
B. THE CONGREGATIONALISTS
The Congregationalists are strongest in north, west, and central
London. Although Kensington and Hampstead were visited on a
very wet and stormy Sunday, the figures at Mr. Home's church
show an increase of several hundreds upon those of 1886 ; while the
attendance at Dr. Horton's was only slightly diminished.
In Lewisham decided progress is shown in the two largest Con-
gregational churches — High Street, where the Rev. John Eames is
CENSUS OF 1902-3 COMPARED WITH CENSUS OF 1886 291
carrying on, with marked success, the work of the Rev. Morlais
Jones ; and Lee Road, Blackheath, under the Rev. R. Fother-
ingham.
The largest figures for the whole of London were those of the
City Temple, where, on a wet, dismal day, 7,008 persons assembled
to take part in the opening of Mr. Campbell's ministry. The City
Temple figures provided nearly one-third of the grand total of
22,597 for the City.
In the western districts, such as Hammersmith, Fulham and
Shepherd's Bush, the Congregationalists, in common with other
Free Churches, have gained little accession of strength since the
earlier census. If we turn, on the other hand, to Islington we
find remarkable signs of prosperity. At four important churches
Finsbury Park, Union Chapel, New Court, and Highbury Quadrant —
the attendances were well over a thousand, although still under
those of 1886. At Junction Road, Upper Holloway, and at Upper
Street, the numbers show a considerable rise.
In Camberwell and Peckham there is decided growth at several
chapels. Excellent progress has been made at East Dulwich Grove,
under the Rev. Albert Swift, the friend of Dr. Campbell Morgan.
Emmanuel Church, Barry Road, Dulwich, was organised in 1889,
under the Rev. A. A. Ramsey, and it has a congregation of over
600, with an attendance of adults more numerous than that of
any other church in the district.
For Congregationalist decline we must turn to such East End
districts as Poplar and Spitalfields, from which the Free Church
population has largely ebbed away. Residents in these crowded
neighbourhoods cannot be drawn into the ordinary middle-class
chapel. They prefer the bright, homely services at the halls, the
lively singing, the picturesque Gospel address, the kindly hand-
grasp when they come and leave, and the certainty that shabby
clothes will not be noticed.
Congregationalists are very strong in Hackney, where the entire
Free Church attendance is given by the Daily News as 29,492, as
compared with 18,609 for the Anglicans. The most successful
church in the district is that of the Rev. J. Morgan Gibbon, the
eloquent Congregational minister of Stamford Hill. In seventeen
years the numbers here have more than doubled, and are now
amongst the largest in London. Progress is also registered at
Lower Clapton, Upper Clapton Road, and Rectory Road, Stoke
Newington. The large congregation at Clapton Park, under the
292
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Eev.' H. Harries, shows practically the same attendance as formerly
under the late Rev. W. J. Woods.
Congregational Comparative Figures
Allen Street, Kensington
Lyndhurst Road, Hampstead
Lavender Hill, Battersea ,
Paddington Chapel .
Lee Road, Blackheath
High Street, Lewisham .
City Temple
Markham Square, Chelsea
Finsbury Park .
Union Chapel .
New Court
Highbury Quadrant .
Junction Road .
Upper Street, Islington .
Barnsbury Chapel ,
Camberwell Green .
Hanover Chapel, Peckham
Clifton Chapel .
East Dulwich Grove
Emmanuel Church, Barry Road
Lower Clapton, Amhurst Road
Stamford Hill ....
Upper Clapton Road
Rectory Road, Stoke Newington
Clapton Park ....
Brixton Independent Church .
Christ Church, Westminster Bridge Road
1886.
1,063
2,022
656
634
1,134
1,246
3,740
1,399
2,191
1,636
2,379
1,351
351
667
476
866
947
1,247
410
558
1,061
613
758
1,504
2,086
2,114
1902-3.
1,330
1,782
1,112
1,059
1,533
1,471
7,008
808
1,432
1,394
1,.367
1,263
922
1,042
610
1,363
495
1,287
1,105
1,293
854
2,455
904
773
1,495
1,985
2,046
Founded 1889.
C. THE WESLEYAN METHODISTS
Wesleyan Methodism in London has been revolutionised during
the past seventeen years, and a detailed comparison with the
British Weekly Census is almost impossible. Thus, at Battersea,
where the Anglicans and Nonconformists have each an attendance
of over 11,000, the largest figures were those of Queen's Road
and Broomwood Road Wesleyan Methodist Chapels.
Inthe Borough of Camberwell the Wesleyan Methodists have
three important churches, where the attendance is always large.
In Poplar there is a decline at the Wesleyan Methodist chapels
in Old Ford Road and East India Dock Road.
Wesleyan Methodist work at Bermondsey has developed marvel-
lously under the leadership of the Rev. Henry T. Meakin. The
highest Daily News figures for the borough were those at the
Great Central Hall. Over 3,000 persons attended here during the
CENSUS OF 1902-3 COMPAEED WITH CENSUS OF 1886 293
day. Only two other Nonconformist cliurclies appear to be
actually growing in Bermondsey ; those are Union Chapel (Con-
gregational) and Manor Chapel (United Methodist Free Church).
The Primitive Methodist Hall, under the Rev. James Flanagan,
another great work which has developed since the British Weekly
took its Census, had an attendance of 1,205.
In Deptford a new Wesleyan Methodist mission was opened
in October 1902, and is under the care of the Rev. J. Gregory
Mantle, That such a mission was needed is shown by the com-
parative figures of New Cross Chapel and Harefield Road Chapel.
In Central London the highest Wesleyan Methodist figures are
those of the Central Mission, St. John's Square, which is under the
able superintendence of the Rev. John E. Wakerley.
In Shoreditch the Rev. J. R. Ackroyd is carrying on a
hopeful work. On the other hand, the historic chapel of Great
Queen Street (Holborn) appears to be losing ground.
Wesleyan Methodist Comparative Figures
1886.
1902-3.
Queen's Road, Battersea ....
1,338
2,401
New Cross
1,196
483
Harefield Road ....
1,038
550
City Road
1,221
699
Central Mission, St. John's Square
575
1,289
Radnor Street Mission .
318
1,121
New North Road ....
580
704
Great Queen Street ....
922
394
Hinde Street, Manchester Square .
584
701
St. James's Hall, Piccadilly .
*...
3,333
Barry Road, East Dulwich
1,453
1,334
Queen's Road, Peckham .
1,370
935
Oakley Place, Old Kent Road .
801
656
* Services began in 1S87.
If the Wesleyan Methodists, in the seventeen years under review,
had been quietly carrying on the work of their regular churches,
the grand totals of their figures would have been as disappointing
as those of the Church of England. The Forward Movement
has saved London Methodism. A new world has been called into
existence to redress the balance of the old.
The Settlement Ideal
BY PHILIP WHITWELL WILSON, B.A.
In the England of Jane Austen, of Granford^ and of John Halifax,
Gentleman, the people either lived on the land or in small com-
munities. The well-to-do and the poor met on terms which savoured
of feudalism, and in which there was undue condescension on the
one hand, complemented by subservience on the other hand.
Society was based upon caste, and caste represented birth. There
were few opportunities for men and women to alter their status.
They died as they were born— either nobles, or gentry, or manu-
facturers, or tradesmen, or artisans, or labourers. Everyone knew
his neighbours. Everyone paid to a neighbour the exact honours
due to that neighbour's position. A town was a complete micro-
cosm, with its rich, its poor, its parsons, its city fathers, its ladies
bountiful, its charities, its prejudices, traditions, and magistrates.
"Where there was misery, all were bound to see it, if not to deplore
it. There could be no festivity which all did not in a measure
share.
Such was the condition of London itself until the industrial
revolution led to an immense increase in the size of the city. Then,
year by year, the population sorted itself with pitiless accuracy,
so that we have now reached a point where there are vast areas
occupied wholly by the rich, other areas entirely devoted to the
comparatively well-to-do, and where, finally, there are huge
agglomerations of the working classes, living chiefly in the southern
and eastern districts, without any admixture of leisured families,
and with hopelessly inadequate opportunities for public worship,
for which, indeed, the desire has rapidly evaporated. All the
social inequalities of the countryside remained, and, indeed, were
accentuated by geographical demarcation. But the old respect
of the poor for the rich died into a dangerous and sullen indiffer-
ence ; while the old belief that the rich were in some paternal
fashion responsible for the well-being of the poor was shattered by
294
THE SETTLEMENT IDEAL 295
a disintegrating process which placed an actual physical gulf,
miles broad, between the man who used to be squire or millowner
and the man who used to be retainer. Human obligations were
abrogated ; suspicion succeeded to loyalty ; and there slowly
developed a mob, erratically led, and this mob used to appear
at Trafalgar Square when trade was bad.
Philanthropy meant well, but it was closely fettered, first, to
existing religions, and second, to existing political systems. The
unemployed might have coal tickets and blankets, but only on
certain conditions. He must 'show signs of interest in religion,
and he must be grateful as if for a boon. No provision was made
for the turbulent, yet hungry, pervert who had the independence
to shout, from the top of a chair, that he had a right to the
blanket and to the coal ticket, and that the Christianity which
gave as alms to the poor what already belonged to the poor,
and had been created by the labour of the poor, was a sham and
a fraud.
Moreover, among the well-to-do there were many vigorous
persons who were dissatisfied with methods which placed society's
services to the poor in the hands of a paid professional philan-
thropist, and which so reduced the whole duty of the millionaire
to the easy but valueless task of signing a certain number of
cheques per annum, and expecting in return evidences of con-
versions or, at any rate, of free breakfasts. Many of these
malcontents were not prepared to undertake Christian work on
any of the accepted lines. Their impulse to do good arose, not
from faith in a dogma, but from an incoherent himian sympathy.
They did not wish to enter Whitechapel or Canning Town as
missionaries visiting the heathen, or as saved preaching to unsaved.
They were merely men and women, with no pretensions to piety,
who wanted to establish neighbourly relations with other men
and women. The friendship of rich for rich was good, but it
was not sufficient to satisfy minds which were saturated with the
teaching of Kingsley, Ruskin, Carlyle, and latterly, Tolstoy.
Nothing would serve but relations between diverse classes, based,
not on the old castes, but on conditions which admitted to the
poor full independence of mind in all matters theological, political,
and social.
This was what Canon and Mrs. Barnett realised when they
founded Toynbee Hall. As conceived by them, the university
settlement is simply a place of residence for men and women who
296 THE RELiaiOUS LIFE OF LONDON
wish to enlarge their acquaintanceship. The object of residence is
not, primarily, to work, but to live among the slum-dwellers, as they
are, much to their own disgust, sometimes described even by such
experts as the late Father Dolling. Theoretically, a man might
be admirably suited to settle at Toynbee who had no capacity for
organisation, but who spent his time 'solely in human intercourse
with anyone he happened to meet. It is quite an error to imagine
that the poor man's lawyer, the free exhibitions of pictures, the
educational facilities, the library, the debates, the dramatic enter-
tainments, the excursions, or even the municipal enterprises carried
on by settlement associates, constitute the essence of the movement.
These are the external manifestations of a certain ideal of citizen-
ship, the note of which is not ecclesiasticism, individualism,
socialism, evangelicalism, Liberalism, or Toryism, but brotherhood —
an immense trust in the value of human contact, as such. The
human revival which has given us a new vehicle of literary ex-
pression in the novel — that revival which may be traced in our
newspapers, painting, medical science, architecture, and especially
in our politics — has added the university settlement to the number
of our Churches. There we find a reverence for man which ia
the truest living expression of man's reverence for God.
A university settlement does not pretend to be a hermitage for
the ascetic. The residents admit that they enjoy the creature
comforts to which they would be used at home. There is no
attempt to forestall the jealousy which the less fortunate might
feel towards those who are manifestly better off. On fundamental
grounds such jealously cannot be defended, and to pander to it
would be on this account an error in ethics. But as a matter of
experience, it may now be said without fear of contradiction that
what irritates the handworkers in a nation is not inequahty of
wealth or of education, but the contempt which talks of the lower
orders, or even the scarcely less exasperating pity which would
apply the phrase, " the submerged tenth," to multitudes of honest
wage-earners. These are just as respectable as the bankers of
Lombard Street, and, as a rule, they have acquired a wholly un-
suspected faculty of piercing the conventional compromises of
clubs, drawing-rooms, and leading articles, so as to arrive at the
actual moral pivot of a particular problem. A host of witnesses
would corroborate the statement, founded upon the memory of
many delightful evenings among workers of all trades and most
races, that to a sympathetic friend the dock labourer or the
THE SETTLEMENT IDEAL 297
unmanageable emissary of the Social Democratic Federation will
unburden his mind of ideas at times so extraordinarily shrewd,
if also perverse, that they constitute a wholly unlooked-for liberal
education. I once asked a company of working men, many of
them unskilled, what they would do with £10,000 a year if they
had it. Here are some of the replies.
(1) I would give nothing away in charity. It always does
harm. I should, on principle, spend every penny on myself.
(2 — A boy, aetat. say sixteen years.) I would first build good
cottages for my relations, then I would gradually build good
cottages for other people.
(3) I would spend the money in buying up big playgrounds
around every elementary school in the metropolis.
(4) I would reserve for myself a sufficient income to enable me
to travel and enjoy life. The rest I would spend on some great
scheme of social investigation and in propagating my ideas.
What, I wonder, would some of our preachers say to a man
who declared that love had been tried for two thousand years, that
the result was Limehouse and the Isle of Dogs, that it was therefore
time to abolish love and to put in its place a social system founded
on justice ? That was what was actually passing within the mind
of a unit among " the lapsed masses." How, again, would we meet
the protest by a Jew that it was unfair of Jesus to claim credit
for all the sayings in the Sermon on the Mount, since these had
been borrowed or stolen from Socrates, from Buddha, or the Rabbis ?
All quite absurd, no doubt ; but such clear sayings of real children,
who have never, in the literary sense, entered the shades of
"Wordsworth's prison-house, whose sense of right and wrong, however
imperfect may be their obedience thereto, has never been blurred
by the sophistries of respectabihty, open great controversies. The
publicans and the sinners are now, as our Lord found them, by
far the most instructive conversationalists. A university settlement
is a place where one goes, not to teach, stiU less to enrich the poor,
but to sit at their feet and return, having at last seen life whole.
A lady settler, who sought refuge from her blinding successes at
the University of Cambridge, once remarked that, after staying
and working among South Londoners, a visit to Bond Street gave
her a peculiar feeling. She expressed it by saying that the people
there struck her as being quite mad. Their talk, their attitudes,
their displays of costume — in fact, all their ostentatious little habits
—seemed to be the result of pure delusion as to what the world
298 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
really is. Tliey resembled the willow pattern on a tea-cup. Those
philanthropists who regard settlements as channels for conferring
benefits on the poor have got hold of the wrong end of the stick.
The people who have chiefly to thank settlements have been the
residents themselves, many of whom exercise an enormous influence
on the press and in public life as a whole.
These inner considerations are apt to be entirely overlooked,
both by the conscientious sightseer who accurately examines the
architecture of settlements, even eating an inexpensive dinner
therein, and by the statistician who seeks to estimate matters
objectively. Such people ask "whether the poor have been
improved." They do not appreciate the reply that for the first
time in the recent history of London the poor are respected and
understood. Let us instance a few of the traditions which have
been reversed by the new knowledge thus arrived at. It used to
be a commonplace among Christian workers that the poor are utterly
untouched by " high-class literature." Penny readings were
regarded as dismal failures. It now transpires that the poor are
of all people the ones who appreciate the very best when it is
offered them. The folk who surge round Toynbee and Mansfield
have loan collections of pictures and other exhibits several
times a year. Hundreds of thousands visit these exhibitions, and
we may fairly ask what record in this respect have the suburbs.
At Toynbee the late Professor Gardiner used for many years to
give weekly lectures on history. His audience always ran into
hundreds ; yet his was hardly a theatrical style, nor did he either
write or speak to amuse. Immense crowds have been gathered
by the authorities of Oxford House to listen to Shakespeare acted
without scenery, despite the fact that payment was demanded at
the door. Yet, owing to lack of stage-glitter, the entertainments
would have failed to fill a West-End theatre for a week. How
many public-school boys would spend a whole winter learning
Twelfth Night with a view to a single performance, as was
the case with a boys' club very far East indeed, the members of
which were keeping body and soul together on an average wage
of, say, five shillings a week ? "We are told that it is impossible
to convert Jews to Christianity ; but I could produce many
instances to show that the Jews are perfectly ready to enter
patiently and seriously into the teaching of Jesus, but they will
not be dictated to, nor do they see any reason why they should
pay particular attention to many of the sermons being preached
THE SETTLEMENT IDEAL . 299
in the metropolis. Having friends among the Jews, I think I now
understand why they remain apart. Yet when there was a
proposal to found a Jewish Toynbee Hall, the idea was spon-
taneously vetoed because the existing institution had so completely
won the sympathy of the Hebrew colony — which, by the way,
has greatly reduced crime in the neighbourhood, by supplanting
Christians.
There is a fixed impression that the poor will only do things for
pay — and hence, of course, the tipping system. Settlements, founded
upon the equality of friendship, have, within their province,
annihilated this wicked superstition. They have been the strong-
holds of the Charity Organisation Society, which, albeit somewhat
too dogmatic in maintaining its theories, has yet substituted personal
service for the old cash means. Yet, when first the habit of doling
out relief was dispensed with, the result was that an indignant
proletariat broke certain windows. "What ! Religion without half-
a-crown towards the latest funeral — impossible !
It has been said, not without protest, that classes of people
come to church for what they can get. In the old sordid sense
this is not true of settlements, which scatter many blessings, but
not coin. Hospitality is dispensed, but always on the basis of
host and guest, never on the basis of fortunate and unfortunate.
The motive is not pity, but a genuine desire for mutually beneficial
intercourse.
Settlements illustrate the old story that the wicked city cannot
be destroyed so long as there are ten righteous men within it.
Those who take an active part in the movement are, after all, only
a handful — perhaps one solitary worker to twenty or thirty thousand
of London's inhabitants. It is not that thousands of impetuous
aristocrats have invaded Shoreditch and failed to create a Paradise.
On the contrary, a very, very few individuals, some of them
exceptionally endowed with literary and organising abihty, but
some of them armed only with consecration to the needs of men,
have permeated hitherto unapproachable regions with an influence
out of all proportion to the numbers who wield it. It is not
suggested that even a definitely Anglican settlement like Oxford
House has filled places of worship, or added greatly to the explicit
religious "attendances" of the neighbourhood. But, whatever may
be true of individuals, society as a whole will not unite for the
higher purposes of devotion without first having learnt what are
the common obligations of daily life. I am certain that the poor
300 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
of the metropolis are being won for religion. But I am also certain
that the religion will be a new phase, not recognised as religion
by many of the Churches, but nevertheless the true expression of
that personal service — man on behalf of man — which is our best
tribute to the Creator. No one can estimate the good which falls
to a populous parish when it contains one citizen whom aU parties,
creeds and castes can respect.
In this brief essay I have deliberally ignored the details of
settlement. Nothing is less scientific, nothing more misleading,
than the habit of piecing together a judgment on a settlement
from what a casual inspection discloses of the cleanliness wrought
by a swimming-bath, the courtesy engendered by boys' clubs,
the liberality of thought resulting from personally conducted tours
to Cambridge or Milan, the fluency learnt in debate, the caligraphy
taught in a continuation school, or the doctor's bills reduced by
sending children to the country. I have tried to explain the still
misunderstood spirit which generates these activities, a spirit which
is utterly different form that which animates those who still form
the overwhelming majority of the most self-sacrificing Christian
workers. The settlement ideal, which does not claim to be
original, is powerfully affecting all the existing denominations.
The public-school missions provide points of contact with the
Episcopal Church. These quasi-parochial incumbencies are the
outcome of an effort, originated by Thring, of Uppingham, to
awaken a sense of social duty among pubHc-school boys who might
subsequently be expected to take prominent parts in the government
of the British Empire. College missions embody a similar notion.
The great Leysian Mission in the City Road, or the Whitefield's
enterprise in the Tottenham Court Road, whatever be the final
record of these efforts, do already show how, apart from the
regular settlements at Bermondsey, Mansfield, etc., a new range
of objects is presenting itself to the Free Churches. Not that an
institutional church is equivalent to a settlement. The differences
are real and fundamental. But the same human, as opposed to
a theological or doctrinal, atmosphere plays over all.
That settlements have greatly enriched that school of inquiry
of which Rowntree, Sherwell, and Booth are leaders; that, in
addition, settlements have taught the poor what are the functions,
what the responsibilities, of local government ; that settlement
workers have borne the burden and heat of elementary school
management, of charity organisation, of boys' and girls' clubs.
THE SETTLEMENT IDEAL 301
of sanitary inspection, of children's country holiday funds, and of
countless other thankless tasks, many of them ignored by Exeter
Hall, — will not be denied even by the pessimist who glooms from
his "Abyss."
The real limitation of settlements arises undoubtedly from their
celibate character. Men working through one community, and
women working through a second, are not able to cover the whole
field of opportunity as would be the case, possibly, if husband
and wife and family were as a unit to live among the poor, with
other similar units in touch. In many cases doctors and clergy
do already dwell beyond their social pale ; but they are present
in a professional capacity, which is not quite what we are seeking.
Mothers and fathers who cling to Lewisham and Hampstead argue
that they are ready to sacrifice themselves, but not their children.
It is, however, a question whether some of the condemned districts
are less healthy, given good food, than the more favourite suburbs ;
and in any case, the fears for the nursery are sometimes an excuse
rather than a reason. And here let me not be misunderstood.
From experience, one has every reason to know how hopeless is
the prospect for one isolated family living in a neighbourhood
long deserted by the comfortable. But half a dozen households,
forming among themselves a calling acquaintance, and actuated
by the settlement ideal, might achieve great results without loss
of happiness by sacrificing the artificial joys of Bayswater and
Kensington. "We cannot hope to sweep away the selfishness which
herds all the wealthy into their own elysium, but there might be
exceptional families, touched by the miserable isolation of the
teeming multitudes who really make the nation, that would agree
to migrate beyond the half-lights and compromises of middle-class
existence, to the strange region where vice is ugly and goodness
heroic. How far they would have to live within some central
institution, how far support such an institution from the outside,
are speculations beyond the scope of these remarks. We are
told that to send the boys and the girls to their several clubs,
the fathers to their debate, the mothers to their " meeting," is
not to break up the home, since no home exists ; but this only
shows what a distance we have yet to travel towards our Utopia.
Men's Services in the Church of England
BY THE REV. J. E. WATTS DITCHFIELD
The difficulties in the way of reaching the great mass of men
in London are enormous. It is not that they are atheistic or even
antagonistic to the claims of Christ. Atheism has not the hold
on the great mass of the working men which many suppose.
Indifference there is, deep and real, but not atheism. Agnosticism
appears to be increasing among the upper and middle classes,
but atheism has been at a very low ebb since the death of Mr.
Bradlaugh and the conversion of Mrs. Besant to theosophy.
Nor are the masses avowedly opposed to Christianity. Striking
proof of this was afforded at the last Board School election,
when not a candidate was elected on a secularist ticket. The
fact is that the Church has not, as a rule, laid itself out to attract
and win men. There has been some occasion given for the
assertion that the Church is only for women and children. The
time usually selected by clergy for visiting, viz. the afternoon,
absolutely prevents their holding intercourse with husbands or
elder sons. The men, who are the most difficult to reach, very
often have the least effort made to reach them. Services are
held in which the man from the corner is utterly lost, and
sermons preached that would have to be carefully translated
before he could understand half a dozen sentences. Again,
working men are conspicuous .by their exclusion from official
positions. Would it not be well to return to the idea of the
primitive Church with respect to qualifications for office in the
Church — " men filled with the Holy Ghost " ? Are there no men
able to do for the Church what Burns, Burt, Crook, have done
for their trade-unions ?
The kind of day which Sunday is rapidly becoming, thanks largely
to the National Sunday League's efforts — a day of pleasure for
302
MEN'S SERVICES IN THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND 303
tliose who need it least, and a day of toil to those whose work
during the week causes them to need it most — adds to the diffi-
culties of attracting men to church.
Further, the fearful over-crowding, a disgrace to the Christian
community of London, the irregularity of employment, the wretched
wage for work which turns, in thousands of cases, the home into
a workshop; the temptations which abound on all hands — drink,
impurity, gambling, and crime — all tend to make London a city
in which men are more and more difficult to reach. This fact
has of late years begun to be more fully realised. Special
efforts of an organised character have been frequently made to
reach women and children, but the work to reach men, until a
comparatively recent period, was confined to either the founding
of a club, with " religion " left out or so diluted as to make it
powerless for good, or the holding of services or meetings of
such a spasmodic nature as to make them valueless as regards
the men for whom they were intended. But during the last
dozen years services for men only have sprung up in all quarters
of London with varying results.
As one who has taken some interest and some share in this
movement, I would venture to make some criticism and offer
some suggestions concerning it. The day has gone by for
seriously treating opposition to all separate services for men and
women. Such are necessary if subjects are to be treated fully
which in these days require plain speech. But to be really
useful, let the service be held weekly, and not monthly. A month
is too long, for impressions soon wear off, and men should be
got into the habit of regular Sabbath observance. Let this work
have the first place in the parochial machinery. Where this has
been done men's services have invariably been successful, but where
given a subordinate position they have as invariably been failures.
The man who puts children first will fail in two ways. He
will not reach men, neither wiU he be likely to largely retain
children as they grow up, for the lack of men in his church
will have convinced the children (while they are children) that
it is unmanly to go to Church. On the other hand, if he gets
the men they will see that the children attend Sunday school,
who in their turn will be more likely to become church-goers
as they grow older. Again, let the service be for " Men," not
for working or any other class. The world and politics divide
men into classes. It is the work of the Church to unite.
304 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OP LONDON
But what ought such a service to be like? Surely bright,
happy, not too conventional, yet thoroughly earnest, devotional,
and in the highest sense religious. It must be strictly of a con-
gregational nature. Great attention must be given to the music.
The introduction of an orchestra will be found to be far more
useful than the organ alone. Sankey's enlarged edition is by far
the best for such a service, there being no Church hymn-book
in existence, all hymn-books in use being merely unofficial
compilations. The service should consist of four hymns, a lesson
(read if possible by a member of the committee), and a shortened
liturgy. iTho latter should be printed, and be strictly congre-
gational in character. The objection to a "form of prayer"
soon vanishes if it is one which men can understand and easily
follow. The address should be a plain, homely talk, strictly of
a gospel character, bearing upon everyday life. There must
be no sickly sentimentalism, but Christ must be preached— not
merely Christ crucified and dead, but Christ living and active
in the life of men, now, in 1903. It is the gospel men need — the
pure, simple gospel as told by our Lord in the streets and lanes
of Palestine ; not the gospel in the language of the school-men,
but in the language of Him about whom we preach. Let positive
truth be taught, but 'not controversially. The subjects should
be varied from week to week to suit all comers, and the manu-
script left at home. Fancy John Burns reading his speeches, or,
for that matter, St. Peter on the day of Pentecost ! The speaker
should be as straight and direct and personal as possible. Hit
hard, but never be hard ; serve up the address hot. A very popular
feature at my own service has been the putting of questions
in boxes at the doors of the Church, bearing on Scriptural
difficulties, Christian evidences, and Church ritual. These once
in six weeks have been taken into the pulpit and answered,
instead of an address. This plan really suits the mass of men
more than discussion week by week. Theoretically the latter
may seem the better plan, but after a week or two a few " talkers,"
who will talk for the sake of talking, weary men with their
repetition, and the gathering falls flat.
If such a service is to succeed it must be the men's own
service, and not the parson's. Its basis should be democratic
in the right sense of the word. At both Holloway and Bethnal
Green the committee number over seventy, and this large com-
mittee is divided into sub-committees, having charge of some
MEN'S SEEVICES IN THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND 305
department of work. The clergyman in charge must sink the
parson in the man, and the more he is the man the more he
will be the parson. He must set everybody to work, and be the
example of everyone in work. There must be no scruple as to
advertising. The church bell is all right, but some people are
deaf and must be got at through the eye. The old policy of
bygone days of building churches costing £10,000 and then
objecting to spend £50 to fill them has been most disastrous.
Posters, cards, handbills must be used largely and wisely. The
brass band and open-air speaking are necessary adjuncts, but
with regard to the latter let the best men attainable speak.
There must be no bribery or patronising airs, neither must party
politics be discernible either in the clergy or Church. If the
National Church is to be maintained, it can only be on the
lines that the Church is the Church of all parties.
But the religion taught must take cognisance of a man's life
on every day of the week. Clubs, societies, social gatherings, and
entertainments there must be, but not without forming a con-
necting link between them and the Christian life. In connection
with St. James-the-Less there are sick, loan, thrift, coal, book, and
Christmas clubs, reading and game rooms, cricket, tennis, cycling,
rambling, football associations, etc., these all worked by the
general committee through sub-committees. As an auxiliary a
medical mission has been formed, which treated over ten thousand
attendances last year. Also a working men's hotel with sleeping
accommodation for seventy-five men, chiefly of the coster and
labouring classes, care being taken to avoid the casual. Plans
are now out for the erection of a home for young men of the
clerk type. In these ways the social life is not lost sight of,
but the gospel story occupies the first place.
The results of a men's service such as I have described
may be difficult to tabulate. At the one with which I am
connected at Bethnal Green the following may be noted :
(a) Attendance. Over twelve hundred men on the roll.
(6) Moral influence. Decrease in drinking in the neighbour-
hood, a change in the appearance of the men and in the character
of the homes.
(c) It has done much for the Church :
1. It has broken down prejudice. A man, a shoemaker, whom
I tried to get hold of always met me with the remark, " How
is it that the Archbishop of Canterbury gets £15,000 a year ? "
20
306 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
"We got him to the service, and the last time I called to see
him he had the Archbishop's photograph over his stall.
2. It has assisted financially. Whether help was wanted for
Church work at home or abroad, for Robin Dinners, for the
sick, it matters little. If there is a good case, help is willingly
given.
3. It has increased the attendance at the ordinary services,
and this very largely. The numbers recorded by the Daily News
speak for themselves.
4. It has influenced the work among women, and more especially
among children. A "Women's Service in church on a Monday
evening numbering over 800 members, a Sunday school with 1,400
children, and a Young Men's Bible-class of over 260, show the
influence of men attending Church.
5. It has reared for the Church real workers. Ninety per cent.
of our male workers are the result of the service.
6. Many men come forward for Confirmation. The proportion
of adults confirmed has been one of the most striking features
of the work.
7. The number of communicants increased from 26 in 1897 to
697 in 1903 on Easter Day.
Surely these results, together with the unreckonable instances
of change of heart, are such as to justify the existence of this
special movement, and to show that such methods of work, in
connection with the Church of England, can be effectual in
reaching the masses of men in our large towns. Each church
should have, in addition to its ordinary services, other services
of a less ornate and less learned and theological style for direct
mission-work. Between these and the ordinary services there
must be a strong connecting link. They must not be in any way
out of harmony with, or antagonistic to, the rest of the Church
work and services, but must be of such a nature that they easily
become stepping-stones to full Church membership. The Master
has sent us, the Master has given us the task, and it must be
done. It was the lost sheep He sought, and it must be the
lost ones whom we must find and meet and bring. Will one be
missing ? And if He ask the reason, what will it be ? Will
it satisfy Him ? Will it satisfy us then ?
The best men, doing their best,
Know peradventure least of what they do,
Week-Evening Services
BY CHAELES T. BATEMAN
The figures revealed by tlie Daily News Census have proved that
attendance at public worship in the Metropolitan area is a
declining quantity. It therefore follows almost as a matter of
course that the week evening-service suffers in proportion, and
those competent to form an opinion agree that such is the case.
Before discussing the reasons for this position it should be
remembered that the term "week-evening service" applies either
to a gathering for worship or exhortation, or both, and does
not include the social meetings which are now a growing feature
of Church life.
These services, as conducted by the various Churches, possess
well-defined characteristics. Both Ritualistic and Evangelical
sections of the Church of England adopt a shortened form of
service, usually without a sermon or address. The "Wesleyan
Methodists and the other Methodist bodies generally hold a
preaching service in their chapels, which is conducted by one of
the circuit ministers or by a lay preacher. Then there are class-
meetings, to which we shall refer again, varying in number
according to the extent of the membership. The Congrega-
tionalists, Baptists, and Presbyterians arrange a prayer-meeting
in their schoolroom or mission-hall, at which the minister gives
an address rather than a sermon. The Salvation Army, when
the corps is large, meets every night in the week, and all the
gatherings have strongly marked features. The Christian Endeavour
movement is responsible for societies organising meetings every week
of a distinctly religious nature, whilst the Y.M.C.A. and the Y.W.C.A.
respectively arrange meetings for the young people of both sexes,
with the purpose of stimulating their faith and devotion.
The Daily News enumerators have made a census return of the
week-evening services in twenty-nine places of worship within
the Metropolitan area. These were visited quite indiscriminately
307
308 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
and without reference to district or attendances. (The complete
statistics will be found in Appendix G.)
In eleven churches — Free as well as Established — attended by-
representatives of the middle classes the attendances were as
follows :
Men 157
Women 363
Children _43
Total 563
Included in the list were fifteen services frequented by repre-
sentatives of the working classes, and here the figures show the
following totals :
Men 195
Women 501
Children 115
Total 811
An analysis of these statistics illustrates — (1) that in the artisan
districts as compared with the middle class there is a slight falling
off on the part of the men, due probably to late arrival home ;
(2) that the women are in exact proportion in each class ; and
(3) that in artisan districts the children attending week-evening
services are twice as numerous as in middle-class districts.
Of the twenty-nine instances, the attendance at five exceeds one
hundred ; only in one case does the attendance exceed two hundred.
Comparing the figures upon a denominational basis we find
that there are in the list seven services conducted by the Church
of England, with the following totals :
Men 69
Women 259
Children 40
Total 368
There are also twenty-one services conducted by Free Church-
men giving totals as follows :
Men 359
Women . 772
Children 190
Total 1321
The serious decline in the number of worshippers attending
Church of England services on Sundays is naturally reflected in
I
WEEK-EVENING SERVICES 309
the week-evening services. These are given to a large extent
without exhortation, and the question arises whether the Church
does not miss an opportunity of enforcing the ethical side of
Christianity when her ministers neglect to " exhort with all loving
kindness."
Amongst Methodists it is a subject of regret that the class-
meeting is losing its relative importance in the general organisa-
tion of the Church, and that in consequence the attendance is
declining. At one time such attendance was necessary to member-
ship, but to-day absence is condoned on various grounds. The
Methodist class-meeting depends largely upon the ability of the
leader, and in the right hands possesses much spiritual influence.
In a sentence, it may be said that the class-meeting has proved
in the past one of the most potent spiritual forces amongst the
Methodists.
The Baptists and Congregationalists usually hold a church-
meeting once a month. The leaders of both Churches regret
the fact that this gathering has in numerous cases lost the
characteristics of " discipline " which it once possessed. To-day it
has become more of a routine gathering for the admission of
members and the ratification of suggestions by the deacons. There
are few churches which administer the "grace of discipline" as
adopted a generation or two since. Then drunkenness, slander,
dishonesty, immorality were openly censured at the church-meeting,
and the offender either dismissed or " disciplined." To appreciate
the former conditions one should read Dr. John Brown's " Life of
Bunyan." When admonished to-day the rebuke is usually delivered
privately. The effects of this decline are to be found in greater
toleration and catholicity, less heresy-hunting, and little or no
attempt to impose dogma. In some respects these tendencies are
admittedly good ; but the question has often been raised whether
the lack of "discipline" has not assisted in creating a laxer
atmosphere in the Churches.
In some churches the purely religious week-evening service
has entirely disappeared, and in its place lectures, social entertain-
ments, or meetings of a similar kind have been substituted. It is
generally found, however, that though large numbers attend these
gatherings, and though outsiders are attracted, the church itself
does not benefit in proportion either in numbers or influence. It
is noteworthy that the Baptists, who have been described by
Mr. Charles Booth as the most virile of the Free Church bodies.
310 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
cling^tenaciously to the spiritual aspects of their week-evening
service.
With respect to the Jews, Dr. H. Adler, Chief Rabbi of the
United Hebrew Congregations, informs me that in nearly all the
synagogues in London — as well as in the large provincial congre-
gations — services are held every day, both morning and evening.
These are attended by persons during their year of mourning for
their parents and on the anniversary of the death of those parents.
The attendance is not large in the "West End, as people have a
long distance to go to their places of business, but in the East
End attendance is fair.
A few particulars may here be quoted concerning week-
evening services which, compared to the general conditions of
things, must be considered as successful.
At St. Paul's, Onslow Square, where Prebendary Webb-
Peploe is vicar, a Saturday night prayer-meeting has taken place
without intermission for twenty-seven years. It is held in the
church room, and there are usually 300 present. On special
occasions the numbers are increased to 400, and I am assured
that an average of at least 300 is regularly maintained. Pre-
bendary Webb-Peploe considers this gathering to be the " life
centre " of the zealous work at St. Paul's, Onslow Square. Some
years ago an addition to the church room was made necessary
to accommodate those who wished to attend. There is also a
"Wednesday week-evening service held in the church, when the
attendance is one-seventh or one-eighth of the Sunday's attendance —
which averages about 1,600. During Lent or Advent the number
increases to one-fifth or one-sixth of the Sunday's attendance. The
Prebendary informs me he "finds that by announcing a good
spiritual subject for a series of addresses in Lent, a considerably
larger congregation is brought together."
The Rev. Thomas Spurgeon, at the MetropoHtan Tabernacle,
holds two week-evening gatherings — on Monday evenings a prayer-
meeting, and on Thursday evenings a preaching service. These
take place in the lecture-hall underneath the Tabernacle, and, on
an average, an attendance of about four to five hundred is secured.
For the most part the congregation belongs to the middle class,
with women in a slight majority. There are no adventitious
attractions for the services, which are of an essentially worshipful
character. At the preaching service Mr. Spurgeon's church officers
usually support him on the platform. No instrument is used for
WEEK-EVENING SERVICES 311
the purpose of leading the singing, but, as on Sundays, a precentor
raises the tunes. The sermon may be described as characteristic
of the traditions of the place.
The services in connection with Christ Church, Westminster
Bridge Eoad (Rev. F. B. Meyer, B.A.) are held from 8.30 until
9.30 on Thursday evenings in the church itself. There is, probably,
no building connected with the Free Churches which possesses
greater ecclesiastical characteristics. Some Nonconformists might
deny that these assist devotion, but the solemnities invariably
attaching to a building designed on such a pattern, with lofty
columns, a pulpit that would not disgrace a cathedral, and a softly
pealing organ, supply something restful and soothing to the mind
after the strain and rush of the day's business. Mr. Meyer, on
the occasion of my visit, was taking a course of homilies on the
life of Job, and had probably about three hundred persons in his
congregation. The singing was bright and hearty.
The prayer-meeting conducted every Saturday evening by the
Rev. George Freeman, of Westbourne Grove Baptist church, is
another of the few instances of success attending a week-evening
service. For years the pastor has gradually developed this
gathering, until there is now a regular attendance of 300. The
remarkable point is that the membership of the church itself
cannot be described as large.
With respect to the Salvation Army, I am assured by a respon-
sible officer that, taking an average, its week-day meetings are as
well attended to-day as in the past, and that there is no decline in
numbers. Moreover, to a greater extent than before, the spiritual
and mental equipment of the "soldiers" is provided by a series
of week-evening gatherings specially organised for their benefit.
For some time General Booth has addressed to the local corps
a weekly letter on spiritual matters, which is read at these
meetings.
The Rev. W. Carlile of the Church Army informs me that his
own personal opinion is that the Church Army's week-night con-
gregations are on the increase. This, he says, is due to the value
placed on open-air work, and the efforts being taken to make
that work more effective. Special care is given to the training of
their evangelists and mission-nurses in this department. During
the week there is generally one meeting of a devotional nature
for workers and other professed Christians, and the rest of the
time is given up to efforts to reach the outsider.
312 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OP LONDON
From the London City Mission authorities I learn that their
missionaries hold 171 week-evening meetings, with a gross attend-
ance of 8,434. This gives an average of about 50, but I cannot
say whether this shows decline or increase.
It must not be forgotten also that there is a tendency — which
is distinctly to the good — to increase the number of mid-day
services. These are now held at different seasons in several City
churches, and in some cases are largely attended. In connection
therewith many well-known clergymen have given addresses and
short sermons, which are undoubtedly appreciated by the ordinary
City worker during his luncheon hour. The afternoon service at
St. Paul's Cathedral draws large numbers, and one often finds the
space under the dome filled by a cosmopolitan gathering. The
services at Westminster Abbey are not so largely attended as
those at St. Paul's. Again, the mid-day service conducted by the
Rev. R. J. Campbell, M.A., at the City Temple, is unique. To
gather 3,000 people on Thursdays, between 12 and 1 o'clock, has
not been achieved by any other London minister or clergyman.
That there are many causes to account for the decline of the
week-evening service must be immediately patent to those
aware of the conditions under which Londoners pursue their
calling. "Man goeth forth unto his work and to his labour
until the evening," applies with equal force to-day in the Metro-
politan area as it did in Palestine in the Psalmist's time. The City
man leaves his home in the suburbs between 6 and 10 in the morn-
ing, according to his position on the social ladder, and returns to it
between the hours of 6 and 9 in the evening. He then requires a
meal, and there naturally follow the amenities of home life, which
demand some place in the day's time-table. These points enforce
the fact that the distance Londoners journey to and from their place
of business militates against attendance at week-evening services.
Another important reason is the multiplication of religious
interests within the past two decades. The Churches have now
answered the criticism of a former generation that they were too
"heavenly minded," by providing institutes, clubs, and social
agencies to an extent never dreamt of fifty years since. In all
large churches— whether Established or Free— the organisation
is now complex, and sometimes even diffuse. This naturally saps
the energies of workers, and largely diminishes the ability of
those connected with the church to be present at the ordinary
week-evening gatherings.
WEEK-EVENING SEEVICES 313
Tlie suggestion also occurs as to the power of the Church itseK
to foster devotion and true worship which is the raison d'etre of
the week-evening service. Many Free Church leaders are alive
to the want of reverence manifest in their week-day gatherings,
and are urging their members not to exhibit public meeting
manners in their week-day assemblies for worship. This tendency,
if allowed to grow, naturally prepares the way for a disinclination
to attend devotional meetings during the week.
There is evidently no special attractive power in the week-
evening services for outsiders ; the attendance is made up almost
entirely from the Sunday's congregations. Unless marked indi-
viduahty occurs in their organisation they do not increase either
in numbers or influence. They have unfortunately, in too many
cases, become a declining quantity ; nor, for many reasons, can
the young people be induced to attend them. Thus it is that,
principally amongst the Free Churches, the Young People's Society
of Christian Endeavour and the Wesley Guild have been started
in order to solve this problem. In London I am informed that
there are 650 Christian Endeavour societies, with an average
attendance of 30 to 35. The question is often asked whether the
Christian Endeavour supplies the religious needs of the young,
and at the same time assists in building up the Church, or
whether, all things considered, the week-evening service is not
best adapted for the purpose. Some ministers complain that the
Christian Endeavour forms a Church within a Church and fosters
sectional interests. Others again maintain that the Christian
Endeavour has proved the saving influence in the Church. But
the application of these remarks in either direction generally
rests with the minister.
Briefly, the lessons to be learnt from the situation are :
(1) That the week-evening services are attended by about
one-tenth of the congregation present on a Sunday.
(2) That they are not an increasing quantity, and do not
attract outsiders.
(3) That those which are best attended depend upon
essentially spiritual characteristics for their success.
Missionary Efforts in the Metropolis
BY CHARLES T. BATEMAN
The Census returns, wliilst proving the difficulty which the
ordinary Christian agencies experience in holding their people
together under religious influences, also show that the Churches
are practically powerless to attract the outside masses. Their
converts are mainly young people from the Sunday schools or
other kindred associations. The immense battalions of non-
churchgoers are before the eyes of Christians, and even at their
church doors, degenerating into materialism on the one hand and
paganism on the other.
Companies of men and women connected either with the
Established or the Free Churches are endeavouring to combat
these evils by undenominational agencies formed to promote
missions and to conduct mission services. Two of the most
important are the Evangelisation Society (21, Surrey Street,
Strand) and the Open-Air Mission (11, Adam Street, W.C).
The Evangelisation Society was established (1864) thirty-nine
years since, and now employs between two hundred and fifty
and three hundred lay evangelists, at work in all parts of the
country. During the past year the Society supplied ninety-
nine places in London with preachers, who remained in the
district for at least fifteen to twenty-two days. Its distinctive
notes are (1) its undenominational character ; (2) the employ-
ment of lay evangelists ; (3) the sound business-like element upon
its executive ; and (4) the insistence upon " those elementary
principles of divine truth about which all Evangelical Christians
agree,", expressed by the five "R's": (a) Ruin by the Fall;
(h) Redemption by Christ ; (c) Reception by faith of the work of
the Cross ; (d) Regeneration by the Holy Ghost ; and (e) Respon-
sibility of all who hear the message of salvation. Its general
income varies from £11,000 to £12,000 per year.
314
MISSIONARY EFFORTS IN THE METROPOLIS 315
"Rob Roy" — Mr. John MacGregor — founded the Open-Air
Mission just fifty years ago. Since 1853 it has, with increasing
support, widened its sphere of operation, and now endeavours to
" hold services and special missions wherever the masses assemble
out of doors." Lord Shaftesbury and Sir Arthur Blackwood
were keenly interested in this branch of Christian work.
To-day Lord Kinnaird is one of its foremost helpers. Taking
one year as a basis, the Society has visited 214 districts
in London, where open-air meetings have been held. As an
example of the Society's activity the visits of the Open-Air
Mission Male Choir to places like Leicester Square, with a view
to attracting those who frequent the theatres and music-halls in
that district, may be mentioned. Some of the preachers have
occupied the open-air pulpit at St. Mary's, "VVhitechapel, whilst
others have conducted dinner-hour services outside Woolwich
Arsenal, or at big gatherings such as football and cricket
matches, and occasions when large crowds have assembled. The
Society possesses an annual income of about £3,000, and has
enrolled 917 members and voluntary helpers.
There are also a large number of smaller missions, formed for
the purpose of reaching special sections of London's millions.
The policeman, the cabman, the railway servant, the costermonger,
the theatrical employe, and the flower-girl are, for instance,
considered in this way.
The Salvation Army, established in 1865, was in its early days
a great mission movement. No one would deny that it ranks
in that category to-day ; the first flush of enthusiasm, however,
has passed away. It has settled down into the ordinary religious
life of the nation, and is no longer a sort of revivalistic Ishmael
with its hand against all conventions and respectabilities. To-day
it is not penalised by the authorities on account of its street
processions. A Salvation lass in her poke bonnet is no longer
an object of ridicule and abuse. A red jersey with its " blood
and fire " motto causes no more comment than an archdeacon's
gaiters. This conventionalising of methods, though inevitable,
has naturally lessened its power on the public mind, and to-day
other great Churches are in exactly the same position : the Wesleyan
Methodist Church supplies a ready illustration. The Army is doing
excellent work which none of the Churches specifically attempt;
yet it must be admitted that it lacks the power it possessed in
the first years of its existence of rousing the populace.
316 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
In addition to these agencies there are numbers of unattached
lay agents of all degrees of ability and education who offer their
services as missioners. Some of them are sincere and earnest,
if unlettered, men, who undoubtedly possess the evangelistic spirit,
though they lack adequate mental equipment. Their pay is only
moderate, and from a financial standpoint there is little inducement
for them to continue in the work. From careful inquiries one finds
that there is but a small percentage of unworthy men — from a moral
standpoint — amongst them. The " unattached " missioners include
a large number of Plymouth Brethren, who are continually breaking
away from old associations and starting missions on their own
account. These as a rule develop into regular causes, and soon
lose the mission characteristics.
There is a general tendency to-day, however, for the Churches
to set apart their own missioners. The larger and better organised
bodies contend that the " converted thief " or the " converted this
or that " is not the best agent for prosecuting mission-work. They
find that there is as much necessity for the missioner to possess
culture and education as their ordinary ministers. Men are now
definitely allocated to this work by the Established, the Wesleyan
Methodist, and the Presbyterian Churches. In the latter's official
handbook it is stated that presbyteries or congregations desiring
the services of these brethren must apply to the Home Mission
Committee. Though the government of the Congregational and
Baptist Churches is on an independent basis, they have recog-
nised missioners at the call of individual churches.
In addition, the Church of England has now a virile " Army "
established by the Rev. Wilson Carlile, on a basis similar to that
of the Salvation Army. It possesses an Evangelistic Department,
which has the selection and training of working men and working
women for spiritual propagandist work amongst the masses in the
Metropolis. The National Free Church Council is also alive to this
mission-work. The employment of three well-known missioners —
"Gipsy Smith," Mr. W. R. Lane, and the Rev. J. Tolefree Parr
— is included in its general organisation. These three gentlemen
conduct missions in London as well as in other parts of the country.
At the great central missions established by the Wesleyan
Methodists, and now latterly by the Congregationalists, there are
agencies of an Evangelistic character, such as street-corner
preaching, propagandist work in the parks and other crowded
resorts, whilst the evening service on Sundays possesses revival
MISSIONARY EFFORTS IN THE METROPOLIS 317
characteristics. There is usually a penitent form or inquiry room,
and gospel invitations are freely and earnestly given during the
service.
But alas ! all these efforts seem but the drop in the ocean.
That London cannot be roused easily is a truism. It covers so
large an area, includes so many millions of people, and is so
entirely without the sense of corporate life that the ordinary
machinery for reaching the public ear in the Metropolis is
absolutely powerless to stir the populace as a whole. This applies
as much to politics and great moral questions as to religious
propaganda. It has become increasingly manifest that partial and
sectarian attacks upon the irreligion and indifference of London
life are only influencing the merest fringe of the vast city. To
obtain substantial and enduring results there seems needed some
effective organisation" which at stated intervals could place the
gospel message before the people in such a way as to arouse
the whole of London, at one and the same time.
Such an effort would cost £30,000 to £40,000. It would require
(a) absolute union between Christian workers of all denominations ;
(6) a committee of business men whose reputation stood high in
the City, and who would superintend the details of a huge organi-
sation ; (c) the selection of the largest available — and neutral —
buildings in certain well-defined centres ; and (d) " live " Churches
to look after results.
At present there appears little chance of attaining the
first condition. The Education struggle has made union in
Christian work well-nigh impossible. Free Churchmen have to
a great extent removed the reproach concerning their own
dissensions by uniting in the work of the National Free Church
Council, but there still remains, unfortunately, keen division between
the Established and the Free Churches.
To consider the effect of a mission on the gigantic scale
now outlined, one must go back a quarter of a century since
when Messrs. Moody and Sankey were pursuing their London
campaign. This occurred in 1875, and has never been equalled
for its widespread organisation and results. During the four
months of their mission the following statistics were reported :
in Camberwell Hall they held sixty meetings, which were
attended by 480,000 people ; in Victoria Hall there were forty-five
meetings, attended by 400,000; in the Royal Haymarket Opera
House there were sixty meetings, attended by 330,000 ; in Bow Road
318 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Hall sixty meetings, attended by 600,000 ; in the Agricultural Hall
there were sixty meetings, attended by 720,000. In all they held
285 meetings, which were attended by over two and a half millions
of people. The mission cost £28,396 19s. 6cZ., nearly all of which
was subscribed before the close of the meetings.
It is matter of history that these American evangelists
originally aroused controversy, criticism, and ridicule. But from
the first, men like the late Lord Shaftesbury and Lord Cairns,
Charles Haddon Spurgeon, Dr. Moffatt, and Dr. Hannay, appeared
on the platform, and gave their sympathetic countenance and
support. Even Archbishop Tait, though he did not officially
sanction the work, expressed in an indirect way his approval in
the following passage : " But looking to the vast field that lies
before us, and the overwhelming difficulties of contending with
the mass of positive sin and careless indifference which exists
on all sides against the progress of the gospel, I, for my part,
rejoice that, whether regularly or irregularly, whether according
to the divine scriptural and perfect way, or imperfectly with
certain admixtures of human error, Christ is preached, and
sleeping consciences are aroused."
Messrs. Moody and Sankey secured what has never been
obtained since on such comprehensive lines — the support of
ministers of every denomination. At the farewell meeting held
in the Mildmay Conference Hall, there were present 188 clergy-
men, 164 Congregational ministers, 85 Baptist ministers, 81 Wes-
leyan Methodist ministers, 39 Presbyterian ministers, 8 United
Methodist Free Church ministers, 7 Primitive Methodist ministers,
3 members of the " Brethren," 2 members of the Countess of
Huntingdon's Connexion, 2 members of the Society of Friends,
3 representatives of the Free Church of England and the Bible
Christians, and 20 others whose connections were not known.
Twenty-eight years have passed away since that time, and to
an impartial observer there are abundant evidences of the genuine
and satisfactory nature of that campaign. The foreign mission-
field discovered many able recruits in consequence, whilst there
was probably not a single Protestant Church which did not
benefit from its results.
There have been other missions since. There was the Million
Pledges Crusade at the beginning of this century, which failed
to achieve the intention conveyed by its title. Going back
fifteen to twenty years the Blue Ribbon Missions were another
MISSIONARY EFFOETS IN THE METEOPOLIS 319
phase of the Gospel Temperance movement. Within recent times
the only special religious effort to bear comparison with the
Moody and Sankey campaign is that of the Simultaneous Mission,
organised by the National Free Church Council in 1900. In
conception and management this mission was confined to the Free
Church bodies. It was carefully organised; a system of visitation
was adopted so that the outside masses could be invited to the
meetings ; weU-known ministers from all parts of the country
took part; the Churches were thoroughly roused, and the mission
closed with beneficial results to the various neighbourhoods
forming the centres of the work. It was calculated that on each
of the days of the mission (with the probable exception of the
Saturdays) there were 200,000 persons at the meetings.
Two or three drawbacks were admitted in connection with the
Simultaneous Mission. The time allotted did not permit of the
best results being obtained. Just as the workers were realising
their opportunities and responsibilities the mission closed. Again
the church buildings were not the most suitable places for the
meetings. A haU under neutral conditions would have proved
of greater service.
One does not wish to dogmatise on such a subject as missions,
but there appears ground for emphasising the statement that the
appalling indifference to Christianity, the widespread vice and the
awful results of the drink traffic in the metropolitan area, demand
missionary efforts on a large, comprehensive, and thoroughly
organised scale. Judging by the campaign in 1876, two results
would accrue from the adoption of this suggestion — the gathering
in of the masses and the quickening of the Churches. It is
difficult to say which of these two objects is the more im-
portant.
The P.S.A. Movement
BY THE REV. EBEN. GOOLD, M.A.
The P.S.A. is the name of a movement that has been wonderfully
successful and greatly blessed in bringing back to the House of
God the " lapsed masses." From one point of view it may be
said to represent a protest against dulness, coldness, and rigid
formalism in a religious service, and to recall the brightness and
joyousness and brotherliness of religion and worship — " Her ways
are ways of pleasantness " ; " Sing praises, for it is pleasant " — and
as such the P.S.A. has had a distinctly marked influence upon
public worship. If it be admitted that it is open to criticism,
the name has by its novelty aroused curiosity and proved
successful in drawing probably a quarter of a million of men
who had been deaf to every other invitation ; and not only
drawing them, but also uniting them in societies or " brother-
hoods " for the uplifting and saving of their fellows.
The P.S.A. was first started by Mr. John Blackham, of West
Bromwich, in 1876, and had its origin in the Moody and Sankey
Birmingham Mission of that year. The idea of the venerable
founder was to form a Bible Class that should be so attractive,
so full of life, so helpful, that it should interest and hold a mass
of men>— " a thousand and one" was the aim. The Moody meetings
were none the less serious because they were bright; and the
ideal of the P.S.A. is that of a high-toned religious service or
meeting, free from conventionalities, brief in all its parts and
simple and plain, bright with the joyful note of praise and
brotherly in spirit. The three B's — Brief, Bright, Brotherly — are
as much a part of the name as the letters P.S.A. An alternative
name by which the movement is known throughout the Black
Country, the A.B.C. — "Adult Bible Class" — stands as a witness
to the first intentions of the founder. In the first ten years the
progress of the movement was chiefly among the Methodist
320
THE P.S.A. MOVEMENT 321
churclies in tlie Black Country, while large meetings were estab-
lished in Derby under Mr. Edwin Hodder, in Leicester under
Mr. Howard Lloyd, and in Nottingham under Alderman Mellors,
in each case in large public halls.
From about the year 1890, when attention was drawn to the
movement from the Congregational Union platform, a great
extension took place, chiefly among Congregational churches in
the large towns of the north — Liverpool, Leeds, Hanley,
Manchester, Ashton-under-Lyne, and throughout Lancashire and
Yorkshire ; and since then all over the country from Aberdeen
to Brighton and St. Austell. In London, Tottenham took the
lead, followed by Kingsland, the Edinboro' Castle, Christ Church,
"Westminster Bridge Road, Acton, and other places.
The history of the movement in London has not been so
uniformly successful as in the provinces. There are special
difficulties in reaching the London working man. He moves his
residence more frequently than his brother in the country, and
the chasm between him and the churches is deeper and broader.
In the country, nearly every man has been himself a Sunday
scholar, he sends his children to Sunday school, and he retains
some family or friendly connection with the chapel, but this
condition applies to a much smaller extent to London. Still,
this must not be exaggerated, for where the P.S.A. has been
started, and run on lines that experience has proved successful in
the country, it has been successful in London.
At one critical period of its growth in London the P.S.A. was
sorely tried in two directions. On the one hand, discussions on
social and political problems were introduced which tended to
wrangling rather than to brotherliness, and the meetings came
to grief. On the other hand, an exaggerated stress and a mis-
interpretation were put upon the word " pleasant," and some
provided an afternoon entertainment with songs, recitations, and
orchestral pieces, with a hymn or two, reading, prayer, and an
address thrown in. Both these abuses have long since spent
themselves ; but they tended to give the P.S.A. a bad name in
London, and to alienate the sympathies of those who should have
been its best supporters.
Another feature of the work in London must be noted. The
distinctive work of the P.S.A. has been the reclaiming of men
to religion and worship. Men form the larger proportion of
absentees from worship, and it is among men that religious
21
322 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
work is most needed and most difficult. The particular genius of
the P.S.A. has been to face this great fact and apply itself to
its remedy. The result has been that men have flocked literally
in their thousands to the P.S.A. All over the country there are
scattered at least twelve hundred societies or " brotherhoods," and
in each one there are many willing to bear witness that the
P.S.A. has been the means of a change of life and character
to them. The men have come to feel " at home " at their
P.S.A., and regard it as their own meeting. There is an " atmo-
sphere" in the P.S.A. quite different from that of an orthodox
service or a mixed meeting. There may be theoretic objections
to sectional gatherings, but facts prove that men who are
untouched by all ordinary religious agencies may be got to a
men's service, when nothing wiU induce them to attend a " mixed"
service.
Now in the progress of the movement in London, this experi-
ence has been largely ignored, and mixed meetings abound, of
which the one at Dawes Road, Fulham, with about eight hundred
members, is, I believe, the only great success in London. It
should be noted here that in the country exactly similar meet-
ings and societies are founded for women and worked by women
on Monday (P.M.E.) or Tuesday (P.T.E.) evenings. These
are as great a success as the men's societies, and being dis-
tinctive, do a special work which no mixed meetings can do. I
believe I am right in saying that there is not a single such
society in London, though there are at Christ Church and at
Fulham Monday afternoon gatherings (P.M.A.) for women upon
somewhat similar Hues. I call attention to this, partly to differ-
entiate between the P.S.A. as a mission to men and the P.S.A.
as an unconventional afternoon service for anyone — each good in
its own way, but they remain two different ways,— and also to
account for a new name, originated in, and almost whoUy confined
to, London — the " Men's Own." The " Men's Own " societies are
P.S.A.s that adhere to the "men only" ideal of the P.S.A. The
late Mr. Hurndall, of Bow, was a leader in this work, and I
believe was the originator of the new title. The London " Men's
Own " societies are conducted on precisely the same lines as the
great P.S.A.s of Lancashire and the Midlands. Unlike many
London P.S.A.s, they also keep their doors open " all the year
round," recognising the two facts that working men do not get
a couple of months' holiday in the summer, and also that they
THE P.S.A. MOVEMENT 323
need the stimulus of a helpful service as much in August and
September as at any other time of the year.
There are seventy societies on the roll of the London P.S.A.
Federation, but this probably does not represent one-third of the
total number of the societies in London. That at IKord (1,200
men) is probably the largest, and there may be haK a dozen
numbering between 600 and 1,200; but the majority have
between 50 and 150 members. They are connected with all
denominations and with none.
A large number of agencies group themselves around the
Sunday afternoon service. Usually members pay a penny a week
and receive a book at the end of twenty-six or thirteen weeks —
a unique work by which thousands of books get into the homes
of the people. There is a Provident (Friendly) Society, with a
very excellently arranged sickness department on the popular
dividing principle, and slate clubs, helping hand, holiday saving,
coal, and other funds abound. The P.S.A. calls forth an army
of workers from its ranks for this and other social work, and in
several cases social clubs are being successfully run.
A P.S.A. brotherhood demands great energy, common-sense,
grit, absence of " side," of pew rents, of ecclesiastical form and
theological phraseology, and above all, the presence and exhibi-
tion of the spirit of brotherliness. Given these, and men will
come together and unite in the worship of the great Father.
Their needs are real and are not to be trifled with. They do
not want sensationalism, none are so keenly sensitive to detect
the hollowness of mere clap-trap. To offer this is to provide
stones for the hungry. They want strong, straight, warm-
hearted words of hope and help and courage to carry them
through life. Their hearts hunger for light and truth and
sympathy, for the bread of life, and if the churches of London
would open their doors on a Sunday afternoon and approach the
men around them in the simple, true spirit of the Master, their
buildings would not be large enough to hold those who would
flock to them.
The Children of the Slums
Their Relation to the Churches
BY THE REV. HENRY T. MEAKIN
Some of the most significant and interesting information given
in the Daily News Census is, to me, that relating to the children.
Of the total attendance of about one million at the various places
of worship for the day, nearly one-third were children. In the
morning the children far outnumbered the men and exceeded
the number of women; and though at the evening services the
children were outnumbered by the women, their number again
exceeded that of the men. Casual readers of the Census have
simply noticed the total attendances given in the Daily News, and
newspapers have only copied the total figures, but those who
have studied the details will have seen how, at many places of
worship, the children have saved the situation ; they have often
given a respectable appearance in point of numbers to the
returns, when the paucity of attendance of adults would have
been distressingly discouraging. Throughout the metropolitan
area the attendance of the children was 37"1 per cent, of the total
in the morning, and 27*4 per cent, in the evening. The following
figures, at a glance, will show the percentage of children as they
affect the five principal denominations :
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Adults.
Chldm.
Total.
Per-
centage
of
chldm.
Adults.
Chldrn.
Total.
Per-
centage
of
chldin.
Church of England .
Roman Cath. Church
Baptist Church
Congregational Ch.
Wesleyan Meth. Ch.
132,621
51,668
27,517
28,475
18,025
87,810
22,012
17,157
15,824
13,639
220,431
73,680
44,674
44,299
31,664
39-8
29-9
38-4
357
431
154,210
14,961
47,465
44,559
32,207
55,512
4,931
16,260
16,677
14,268
209,722
19,892
63,725
61,236
46,475
26-4
24-8
25-5
27-2
307
324
THE CHILDEEN OF THE SLUMS
325
The percentage of children in the Wesleyan Methodist Church
attendances is conspicuous, being much above the general average,
and higher than in the other four Churches singled out for com-
parison. The proportion of "Wesleyan Methodist adults to the total
will, of course, be correspondingly less.
It is pertinent to my subject to ascertain, if possible, the pro-
portion of children tabulated in the poorer boroughs, as compared
with better-class districts, and I have collected the following
information on this point. Southwark and Bermondsey will repre-
sent the former, and Kensington and Paddington the latter:
BOROUGH.
Xumber of chil-
dren above 5
and tinder 16.
CHILDREN'S ATTENDANCB.
Morning.
Percentage.
Evening.
Percentage.
South^-ark
Bermondsey
Kensington
Paddington
46,462
31,869
28,729
24,552
8,930
6,469
5,977
3,883
19-2 1
20-3 '
20-8 •
15-6
9,026
6,792
2,966
2,493
19-4
21-3
10-3
10-2
It will be seen that the children of the poor districts attend
religious services in the morning in as good a proportion as those
in the well-to-do districts, and that in the evening their attendance
is twice as good. This is interesting, because in the poorer districts
the Saturday night and Sunday morning marketing militate against
Sunday morning attendances ; and it shows, further, that the
example of the " Oncers," as Mr. Gladstone described them, is, in
the wealthier districts, sadly followed by the children. In con-
sidering, therefore, the poorer children's relation to the Churches,
we can start out with the valuable information obtained by the
Daily News, that that relation is closer and better sustained than
it is in the case of parents in a higher social scale. The irreligion
of the suburbs in this rsspect is greater than that of the slums.
The rich man's child, in matters of church attendance, is more
neglected than the poor man's child: and I would like to see an
article by some suburban pastor on the children of the well-to-do
and their relation to the Churches. It is a subject at least as
pressing in importance as mine.
But here it is for me to fix attention upon the number of
children in the poorer districts tabulated in the Daily News Census.
If we adopt the generally accepted proportion of one-third of the
morning returns for '• Twicers" we shall find in Southwark that 12,009
children out of 46,462 between the ages of live and sixteen are
326 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
included in the Census returns, and in Bermondsey 8,948 out of
31,869 — i.e., in the two districts about 27 per cent, of such children.
The attendance of adults in the same districts on the same basis
is about 12 per cent., or less than half that of the children. Then
the character of the children enumerated has to be borne in mind.
I shall be safe in saying that they are not to any large extent
what may be termed slum children. "Who ever sees the ill-clad
in any number in ordinary Sunday schools, much more in ordinary
services, even in the poorer districts? Anybody familiar with the
slums will know that at the hour when Sunday schools are being
held, the streets, courts, and alleys are alive with youngsters to
whom Sunday makes no difference in clothing or cleanliness. Even
the so-called Ragged Schools do not reach the ragged children to
any extent, and it has often seemed to me a mistake to cling
to the repellent name of Ragged Schools in connection with the
modern institutions known by that name. I am afraid it is a
name, like many other fanciful designations of childlife, that
arrests the attention and provokes the , sympathy of outsiders
more than it reaches and influences the booid fide slum child.
Experience drives me to the conclusion that the vast majority
of the 73 per cent, of children in the poorer districts not
enumerated in the Daily Neivs Census are practically outside the
Churches, and have little relationship to them except in an occa-
sional and a charitable sort of way. These constitute the problem
of the slums, and may be divided into two sections : (1) those
under thirteen or fourteen years of age, supposed to be under
the control of the School Board ; (2) those freed from School
Board control and without regular employment. The life of the
former is, to begin with, not favourable to the influence of
ordinary church and chapel instruction. From early infancy the
youngsters have to take care of themselves. Mothers have to
go out to work, or, what is worse, have to slave at home under
the sweating system — or what is worse still with some, they
spend their time in visits to the public-house. Then the children
are left to roll about the doorsteps, or, as they begin to walk
and run, to roam about the slums in which they are brought
up ; and at night they naturally make the outside of the drink
shops their rendezvous, where the gas lamps give the brightest
light, and where the excitement is always the greatest. With
such an upbringing and all its accompaniments of irreligion and
vice, it is not natural to expect children to find their way to
THE CHILDEEX OF THE SLUMS 327
churcli or chapel institutions. The young folk early in life
develop a v,-Ul and Tray of their o-^vn, which lead in quite an
opposite direction. Mischief develops into sheer destructiveness
and theft. Anything left unguarded is looked upon as a target
for attack, or to be seized as loot and spoil. The "vrindows of an
empty house are very soon broken, and such a house in a few
days becomes a wreck. "Windows of institutions, through which
inmates are not constantly on the look out, must be protected with
wire ; and buildings in course of erection have to be watched.
The other day I saw a heap of cinders tipped outside some works :
in a short space of time the heap was swarming with ragged
children, who were carrj-ing off the cinders for fuel in old sacks
and tins and ever}' conceivable receptacle, and the whole heap soon
disappeared. It would be impossible to deliver coal in some parts
of London in bulk as it is done in the country : there would be
no difficulty in getting it in, only it would be got into the wrong
places. And people pass in crowds and do not interfere.
Then such of the slum children as do get to Sunday school
find its discipline irksome and its working unattractive. The class
system into which they are forced in the day school is objectionable
to them on a Sunday, where, too, the provision of class-rooms is
meagre, and not comparable to that in the Board School. As a
matter of fact the Sunday school is rarely patronised by the slum
children, except, perhaps, when the school treats are anticipated.
Besides, the clothing question, coupled with the independence and
indifference generated in the minds of the children, creates a
gulf for them between the sltuns and the Churches.
With regard to the second section — the children freed from
School Board control — the problem in the slums is even more
difficult and dangerous. The influence of the Churches is confined
to individual cases, but on the vast majority it is practically nil.
There are some Churches which provide recreative and educational
auxiliaries, but I fear that these are not used by the people for
whom they were intended. These clubs and classes are mostly
utilised by the young men and women whose thinking faculties
are not dormant, and, consequently, whose social position is higher
than that of the loud, giggling, rough element so famihar in our
streets. And the two classes do not and will not mix either in
churches, settlements, or social institutions. It is a great blot on
our educational system that boys and girls should have their freedom
from Board School control by reaching a low age limit, or before
328 THE RELIGIOUS LITE OF LONDON
they have the prospect of some employment. How the freedom
is used, newspaper readers know in the outbursts of Hooliganism
with which the streets adjacent to the slums are often infested.
But the whole story is not always reported. In Holloway gaol
waiting room I sat next a mother who had come to see a son
who had been arrested with other ruffians for a murderous attack
in Lambeth Walk. She told me he was the second boy of hers
who had been led into the company of Hooligans. The first, in
fear of arrest, had committed suicide, and she feared the other
would follow his example.
There is another and better side to slum-dom which I would
fain depict. Beneath the turbulent and vicious element there are
often elements of human sympathy and kindness not surpassed
in higher circles. There is a neighbourliness foreign to the West
End, which is exhibited particularly towards the children. Sick
and hungry children in a court or alley seem to belong to every-
body thereabout, and the genuine sorrow of a family touches the
people next door, and next door but one, and farther and farther
on. A funeral hearse in such a locality wiU attract a larger and
more sympathetic crowd than anything else, and rough women will
wipe tears from their faces at the sight of a white little coffin under
the seat of an undertaker's composite hearse. No songs have been
more popular amongst the children than " Skylark," which depicts
angelic interest in a departed mother, and " Everybody's loved by
someone," which tells of the waif's lonely lot and adoption. I am
told that these have emanated from the music-halls, and have been
conveyed to the slums in barrel-organs ; if so, theirs be the credit
for touching chords of sympathy in human hearts beating beneath
rags, when Church hymns and tunes and official religion have
often too grievously failed.
The duty of the Churches towards the slum children is an urgent
problem ; on its solution will depend the continuance of the slums
and the life of the Churches. I shall be counted heterodox if I
question the accuracy of the reports of so-called wholesale conversions
of slum adults. We do believe in the possibility. Nothing is im-
possible to God. But the conversion " of the man from the bottom "
is a rarity of one's experience. In cases of converts supposed to be
from the gutter it generally transpires that they have been the sub-
ject of early religious influence. The converts of modem missions
are of this character. The slum adults have had no such advantage,
and lack spiritual perception and responsiveness. How can it be
THE CHILDREN OF THE SLUMS 329
otherwise when they are brought up in such terrible environments ?
The practical and common-sense method, therefore, for the Church in
dealing with the slums lies in the direction of the children. In them
are the possibilities of a better state of things, social and religious,
and through them the Church has the best chance of fulfilling its
mission, I know the child of the well-to-do ; I know the child of
the slum. Given equal conditions of affectionate training and
influence the possibilities of all that is beautiful and happy are as
great in the latter as in the former. It has been proved in one
of the happiest episodes of my own domestic life. Anyone else
may prove it by the personal rescue of orphaned little children from
amongst the poorest populations. But this bears on the duty of the
individual Christian, which we cannot here discuss at length,
I will outline one or two things indicating what I think the re-
lationship of the Churches to the slum children in the future must be.
The Church must co-operate more vigorously in sweeping away
slum-dom altogether. " These things have been, therefore these
things must be," must be discarded as a body- and soul-destroying
error of the Christian's creed. Church workers in slum neigh-
bourhoods are more familar than any others with the inhuman
conditions under which thousands in this City are obliged to
live. They see them daily with all their concomitant evils and
sufferings, in which the children are the worst sufferers. Yet what
poor use the Church is making of its evidence ! Is it because
the selfish interests of its members and supporters are involved in
the reformation ? Shame upon us if this be so. May such Churches
perish with the slums !
The question of the employment of children, and the curtailment
of their education is a pressing question for the Churches.
The growing drinking habits of women, the child bearers, and the
trainers of our children, is a kindred question. In one public-house
in Old Kent Road on a Saturday 2,442 women entered, and 369 of
them had babies in arms.
The Church must have a combined social and religious pro-
gramme for the children. Child-life in all its aspects must be taken
more distinctly under the wings and expenditure of the Church.
I would like to see a great mission-hall in every slum locality
devoted wholly to the child-life and youth of the neighbourhood.
There should be hearty religious services, free from stereotype and
formalism ; there should be playgrounds and amusements conducted
under the auspices of the Church, and summer and winter recreations
330 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
calculated to develop both the body and mind. The parks are
outside the reach of the poorest children ; they are generally far
away from the localities in which they live. Southwark Park, for
instance, is not now in the Southwark borough, and is nearly
two miles away from the scene of the Bitter Cry of outcast
London. And slum children, even of an advanced age, do not
travel so far.
The best men in the Churches, with aptitude for winning the
affection of children, should be appointed to work these mission
centres. By the best men I don't mean the most " heavenly
minded," and I don't exclude the spiritually minded. The more
Christlike the men the more will they keep to the front those
spiritual results without which all else will be vain. But such men
will none the less enter into the fun and frolic and amusements
which happily cannot be separated from child-life, and will give an
exhibition of that Christianity which ought to be as attractive to
children and young people, as Christ made Himself attractive to the
children of His day.
Depend upon it the Church that will lay itself out for some such
flank movement for the benefit of the children of the slums wiU do
more in a few years than all the orthodox, commonplace, spasmodic,
religious frontal attacks will accomplish in centuries.
The cost of men and money will be great, but on earth and
in heaven it will be insignificant compared with the blessed results
which will accrue to the Churches themselves, and to the poor slum
children of this great City whose lot is a disgrace to this twentieth
century of the Christian era.
The Adult-School Moyement
BY WILLIAM CHARLES BEAITHWAITE
The Adult School is one of the most notable religious developments
of the last century — a successful attempt to help the Hves of men
and women by means of a common-sense Christianity with the starch
taken out and brotherliness put in. The Quaker philanthropist
Joseph Sturge gave the initial impulse to the movement about the
year 1846 ; it quickly rooted itself in Birmingham, and spread to
Sheffield, Bristol, and other centres. London was only reached in
the year 1879, and while enough has been done, as the Census figures
show, at Bunhill Fields, "Westminster, Wood Green, Kentish Town,
Walthamstow, Croydon, and elsewhere, to prove the value of the
movement in the Metropolis, it is only now gaining a footing in
London, and we must turn to other parts of the country for the best
evidence of its wonderful success. In Birmingham to-day we find
schools at 65 centres, with a membership of about 13,000 ; and in
Leicester and the county there are now 100 schools, with 8,000
members. Taking the whole country, we have about 700 schools,
with a total membership of 60,000. Birmingham — and, indeed, the
whole movement — owed much to the late William White, who was
a true brother of men, and since his death three years ago the
work has been extended with great enthusiasm as a memorial to
him, worthier than any monument of marble. This missionary
spirit has led to schools being started in the worst slums of the
city; in five cases disused public-houses have been made use of,
and re-opened "under entirely new management," the old custom
being successfully attracted to the new institution. The Leicester-
shire work shows how the whole of England could be covered
with a network of schools. A dozen years ago there were only
eight schools in the whole of the county, with about 600 members ;
now the movement in the county extends by one school a month
as a minimum, and sometimes by two or three.
331
332 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
"What, you ask, is an Adult School ? The name is unassuming
enough, and prepares you at once for something that is homely and
brotherly. Chas. Booth says : " To the common stock of missionary
enterprise the Society of Friends has contributed the Adult School,
and the example set is now being followed in many quarters. It has
a strictly democratic constitution, and forms a kind of religious
co-operative society, based on a Biblical debating club, from which
it aims at producing a true social brotherhood."
This description may serve, though the phrase " Biblical debating
club " needs correction. The central idea of the school work is not
a Biblical " debate," but the free, reverent, and practical study of
the Bible, conducted with full opportunity for discussion. The
basis of a school is the practical teaching of Jesus Christ. Its
object is to manufacture men after His pattern. It has no test of
membership, except a wish to help and to be helped. It stands for
brotherhood, and takes in artisan and aristocrat, AngHcan and
Agnostic alike. Associated with a school will be found various
helpful agencies, such as savings funds, libraries, night-schools,
social clubs, sick, benefit and coal societies, lectures, and technical
classes. The whole institution is designed to promote brotherliness,
to assist the development of mental and spiritual faculties along true
educational lines, and to arouse the feeling of personal responsibility.
These are the true antidotes to the selfishness, indifference, and
craving for excitement that we deplore to-day. It is of national
importance that the masses of men who make and unmake the
government of the country should be helped, as Adult Schools are
helping them, in all that fosters intelligence, forms character, and
inspires to brotherly service. Freedom is dependent on free
spirits.
If you go to a successful Adult School you will find yourself
in an exhilarating atmosphere. The hour of meeting is early — •
7.30 a.m. on Sunday morning in many Birmingham Schools, 8.30
or 9.0 in other places. The members welcome each other with
hearty handshakes, and the school opens with a hymn and prayer.
Then comes, in most cases, a half-hour occupied with payments
into sick-clubs, etc., elementary writing and reading lessons, and
short, bright talks on topics of interest. The Bible-class follows,
many schools taking a series of carefully chosen lessons prepared
year by year by the Friends' First-day School Association. These
Bible-lessons are the central feature of an Adult School. Oppor-
tunity is given for different points of view to be put forward by
THE ADULT-SCHOOL MOVEMENT 333
tlie members, and for difficulties to be stated. The leader of the
class guides the discussion and keeps it practical and helpful, but
is careful not to monopolise the time. After the Bible-lesson there
is a brief, final service, in which all the classes join together ;
notices are given out, short reports are made of visits to other
schools, and sympathy is expressed with any scholars in trouble,
which often takes a very practical form in cases of serious distress.
The school breaks up in time to allow members to get to a place
of worship, being conducted with a view to supplementing, not
superseding, the ordinary organisations of the Churches.
The secret of the success of the movement Hes in its homeUness
and brotherliness, in its attempt to make life and religion one, and
in the active work it finds for all its members. Dr. R. F. Horton
says of it : " The humble Adult-School movement has been reading
a significant lesson to the Church. Acting on the principle of the
New Testament, expecting great things from brotherly love and
mutual edification, it has begun to touch men who remain indifferent
to the sterilised, formal, and inarticulate society which sometimes
passes as a Church, and it has evoked an intense enthusiasm even
from men who have long been nominally members of the Church,
but never before understood the blessedness of having fellowship
one with another, and so experiencing the cleansing power of
Christ."
Nursed to strength under the quiet care, of the Society of Friends,
the wonderful fitness of Adult Schools for the working-day life of
our great centres of population has only been widely recognised
during the last few years. Leicestershire, with its hundred schools,
supported by men and women belonging to almost every denomina-
tion, has shown the possibiHty of an Adult-School England, and
for this end the National Council of Adult-School Associations is
actively working.
A visit to one of the larger London schools will soon bring
any inquirer into touch with the interest and Hfe of this great
movement.
i
^^_,^
The Problem of Greater London
BY GEORGE HAW
For an hour or more I have been sitting with the figures for
Greater London before me, meditating on their meaning. Com-
pared with those of London they have a fresh and favourable look.
Only after removing one or two factors do you find that, in all
that concerns the higher life of the people. Greater London is but
repeating the problems of London.
Church-goers in London are divided into five classes by Mr.
Charles Booth in his " Religious Influences." These are the wealthy,
the upper middle class, the lower middle class, the regular wage-
earners, and the poor. Of church-goers in Greater London you
might say they consist of two classes only — the upper middle class
and the lower middle class. That is simply because suburban
London in the main consists of these two classes. You get the
same thing all the kingdom over. The residential suburbs of all
cities fill the churches. It is in the nature of things, therefore, to
find a higher proportion of church-goers in Greater London than
in London itself. The thing that calls for serious thought is, that
where the wage-earning class is pouring into Greater London,
there church attendance declines.
Nearly everybody moves out of London who can. An old
social reformer, who has served the people in the slums through
some of the best years of his life, told me on the eve of his giving
up the work at last that a person serves London best by leaving
it. It is the counsel of despair. It is as though a man tried to
run away from himself. Rather should those who seek Christian
or social progress declare that a person serves London best by
staying behind to help others to get away.
"Why? Because all the strong and prosperous people are
running away from the inner belt of London as fast as they can ;
337 22
338 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
forgetting it, denying it, owning no responsibility for it, leaving it
to the weaker, poorer, more weary ones. The manufacturers, their
managers, and all the staff who take salaries as distinct from
wages, come in the mornings and go away in the evenings, and
admit no responsibility, social or religious, for the crowded districts
where their workplaces lie and their workpeople live. Even the
tradesman goes away when he " succeeds." The chronic poor and
the smaller wage-earners are left stranded, a class by themselves. It
is a terrible thing, the way London is separating itself into harsh
divisions of class, into cities of the poor and cities of the rich. It
is far more terrible to see how Greater London is aggravating the
evil. Never was this evil so widespread as at the present hour.
As the population grows the evil grows.
These things have to be considered before you can understand
the situation in Greater London. The good church record in
Greater London has to be weighed with the less satisfactory
record in London. The classes from whom church members of all
denominations are mostly drawn are filling the suburbs, having
deserted the classes in the dim grey streets who, since the great
days when the common people heard Him gladly, have found it
easier to drift into indifference or unbelief than to heed the modern
methods of calling them to righteousness.
It is sad to see that suburban London now no longer missions
slum London, as was its wont. The wealthy churches of the well-
to-do districts just inside London, such as Hampstead, Putney, and
Stoke Newington, are generally more generous in maintaining
mission centres in the inner districts than the more modern wealthy
churches farther out in the new suburbs of Greater London. The
great Wesleyan Missions in Central London get their best support
in money and workers, not from the suburbs of the capital, but
from the provinces.
To dwellers in the suburbs, London is something only to be
associated with the season-ticket and the office ; not with church
life, nor with Christian and social responsibilities to the people who
cannot dwell in suburbs. The sweltering city is so far off that its
cry is drowned, its people are forgotten, its children largely left to
grow up unheeded and unwarned ; but not all the ease and com-
placency, not all the social amenities and literary societies and
ladies' sewing meetings that gild and gladden the life of the
flourishing churches of suburban London, can atone in the smallest
way for the neglect of the great grey masses left behind. Some
THE PEOBLEM OF GREATER LONDON 339
of these suburban cliurclies only look so healthy because they have
deserted the wounded. It was Napoleon's method with his armies,
when he wanted the populace to see how well they looked.
The mistake lies not in leaving London, for, above all other
things, London wants its overcrowded population spread out
more. Rather does the mistake lie in forgetting that the people
left behind are without the means and leisure to keep church
organisations alive unless helped by others ; hence the spiritual
desolation and decay that creep over them.
The suburbs themselves are now repeating precisely the same
evils. People who a dozen years ago fled from Kentish Town
to Willesden, or from Mile End to Leyton, or from "Walworth to
Norbury, are now going farther afield — the "Willesden people to
Hendon and Harrow, the Leyton people to Woodford and Seven
Kings, the Norbury people to Sutton and Wimbledon. Why?
Because Willesden and Leyton and Norbury are ceasing to be
suburbs ; they have been invaded by working people, and are fast
becoming working-class districts.
Observe that where the working classes are crowding into
Greater London, and the middle classes deserting them as they
deserted them before, the church attendance is at its lowest. It
stands at about the same proportion as in the working-class quarters
of Inner London. If anything, it shows a tendency to be lower.
The same grave portent resulting from class deserting class is
repeating itself. Willesden is now as poor in its church attendance
as Stepney or Southwark or St. Pancras. This last-named borough,
comprising, as it does, Camden Town, Somers Town, and Kentish
Town, has supplied a good deal of Willesden's growing population.
Willesden is, in fact, becoming another St. Pancras; in its church
life it has already become so.
Turn now to another working-class quarter of Greater London.
West Ham, which was a rural hamlet fifty years ago, has now
a worse church attendance than either overcrowded Holborn or
insalubrious Bermondsey. East Ham, which had no existence
"when middle-aged men of to-day were children, is a fraction worse
than West Ham. Its church|^attendance is lower than Lambeth's,
or Hackney's, or that at Woolwich ; although in each of these
London boroughs the working classes predominate. In Tottenham
the attendance is worse than it is in the East End districts of
Poplar and Stepney, or in other London working-class centres
like Deptford and Finsbury. It shows something like the same
340 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
ratio as Battersea and Shoreditcli. Further, the Census reveals
that fewer people proportionately go to church in "Walthamstow
and Leyton than in Greenwich and Camberwell, where again
working people make up the bulk of the population.
It may seem fairly satisfactory that in a big industrial borough
like West Ham 1 in 4*80 of the inhabitants goes to a place of
worship. But how many of the worshippers are working people ?
A meagre proportion only. West Ham has still a large number
of middle-class residents — that is, the class that makes up the
majority of church-goers. These people form the bulk of the
inhabitants at Forest Gate and Upton Park. Separate these
districts in West Ham from its working-class quarters of Stratford
and Canning Town and Silvertown, and the meagre church record
would then be something to marvel at. Take a church census in
West Ham ten years hence, when the middle classes, who are
now running away from it as fast as they can, will have almost
entirely disappeared, and you will find the number of worshippers
shrunken like a plant stricken by blight.
Far quicker than in London itself, this decay of church life is
spreading among the working-class districts of Greater London.
All round the eastern and north-eastern fringe of London the
populous towns which have sprung up in recent years represent
little more than huge dormitories for the London worker, who can
find no accommodation within the great city itself. Between them
these outside towns have a population equal to that in the East
End. In many respects they are repeating the social evils of
the East End, without some of the redeeming influences which
you find at work there. Canning Town, Plaistow, Leyton, Stratford,
AValthamstow, Tottenham, Wood Green, Edmonton, and Enfield
are little else but the sleeping abode of Londoners. As such they
have developed problems of the gravest kind, which the Churches
as yet only vaguely understand, and certainly have not yet begun
to solve.
Many of these places, as we have seen, have become wholly
communities of one class. All of them, representing the overflow
from the overcrowded quarters of London, are essentially London
in character. Their former individuality as rural hamlets has all
been swept away by the untiring tide from London. You look
in vain to-day for the Edmonton of John Gilpin and Keats, the
Plaistow of Elizabeth Fry, the Walthamstow of William Morris,
or the peaceful Enfield lanes so much beloved of Charles and
THEi:PEOBLEM OF GREATEE LOKDON 341
Mary Lamb. Everywhere you find the lanes now lined with
houses. In all these suburbs the streets and houses are London
streets and houses, often just as shabby, just as mean, just as
monotonous. Their inhabitants are London people, inasmuch as
they depend absolutely upon London for their livelihood. Except
West Ham, the districts named, unlike an ordinary provincial
town, have hardly any manufactories or trade-centres of their
own. Nearly all the men and lads, nearly all the girls who go
out to work, scramble every morning of the week into London,
and go scrambling back in depressing crowds at night, counting
Sunday a solacing respite. Their problems are not so much
problems of housing as problems of transit. "Walthamstow and
Tottenham in particular are concerned not so much with how to
accommodate their people in houses like London as with how
to accommodate their people in trains. The struggle in the early
mornings at the railway stations for seats, and even for standing
room, the overcrowding of the workmen's trains, and the stampede
when they empty their human freight on the platforms at Liver-
pool Street are daily scenes that might well make angels weep.
"We are permitting a new East End to grow up outside the
East End. One of these outside districts, Tottenham, although a
town as it were but of yesterday, has been described as the Bethnal
Green of Greater London. That is what it is fast becoming, many
of its local rulers being in entire agreement on this point.
"Tottenham," a former chairman of its local authority told me,
" has practically become another Bethnal Green. Formerly it was
a middle-class residential place, but almost all the good houses
have been removed to make way for working-class dwellings.
The place fell a prey to the jerry-builder when cheap railway
fares were introduced, and the evils then committed have never
been remedied."
All this goes to show the seriousness of the problem presented
to the Churches by the working-class towns springing up around
London. It is, as I have shown, but the problem of Inner London
over again.
Sunday in the working-class quarters of Greater London is
very much like a Sunday in Inner London. It comes first as a
welcome respite from the daily grind. It opens with an idle
morning divided between nap and newspaper. After a late dinner
the afternoon sees a saunter, sometimes with wife and children,
through the streets, or a walk to Epping Forest or Alexandra
342 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Park, or Wormwood Scrubbs, or Hackney Marshes, or by the
banks of the Lea. An early supper and a pipe close the day.
Occasionally there comes a whole day's outing with the National
Sunday League's excursions, or the evening is spent at a concert
or a labour lecture in the town hall or in a theatre or club-room.
The old working men's Radical Clubs of London, with a secular
or political lecture on Sunday morning, followed by convivial
gatherings round the bar in the afternoon, and a magic-lantern
or music-hall entertainment in the evening, do not seem to be
repeating themselves in Greater London. That is simply because
working men are ceasing to be Radicals. In place of the Radical
Clubs Greater London is substituting Labour and Socialist organisa-
tions, and even Labour churches and Labour Sunday schools ; and
all these various organisations are at their busiest on Sundays.
To the other non-church-goers in the working-class quarters of
Greater London, who take but small part in these movements,
Sunday is the great day for visiting and receiving friends. In
the late hours of Sunday night the trams and trains of the
suburbs are far more crowded than on any week-night, because
of the numbers returning from their visits or outings. The
electric trams at East Ham on the one side and at Ealing on
the other are simply besieged on Sunday evenings, while the late
suburban trains on the South-Western, the Great Northern, and
the Great Eastern, can often be seen so crowded that third-class
passengers have to content themselves with standing room.
That very large section of the working classes represented
roughly by clerks, shop assistants, and warehousemen, who feel a
sense of pride at being able to afford to live out of London,
diligently spend their Sundays in this way — that is, by visiting
and entertaining friends. Games and concerts in their little
parlours beguile many a Sunday night. Thoughts of taking part
in public worship are as far from their minds as thoughts of
taking part in pubHc life. Sunday morning is a time for tending
their tiny gardens. The treat of the afternoon is the cigar after
dinner. Sunday evening, as we have seen, is given up to friends.
Let it be repeated then, the Churches have very slight hold
on these huge and ugly dormitories which are being built around
London. The Nonconformists show the best returns. They have
by far the great majority of worshippers in Willesden, West Ham,
East Ham, Leyton, Walthamstow, Tottenham, Wood Green, and
Edmonton — that is, in all the working-class towns of Greater
1
THE PROBLEM OF GBEATER LONDOK 343
London. On the other hand, those suburbs which are almost
wholly confined to the well-to-do, Hke E-ichmond, Barnes, Sutton,
Carshalton, Surbiton, Teddington, New Southgate, Hampton, and
the Moleseys, give the Church of England the big majority. In
other wholly middle-class suburbs like Kingston, Croydon, Barnet,
and Wimbledon, Anglicans and Nonconformists are about equal.
But this is not the time for making denominational comparisons,
nor for beHttling a grave problem by reducing it to the level of
the Church and Chapel controversy. Here, in the failure to reach
the common people, is laid bare the failure of all Churches. Here
is something that places the whole Christian Church under a
bitter reproach.
How to remove that reproach ought to be the first consideration.
"Why are the many indifferent ? The great mass of workpeople
are not averse to Christianity. Rather is it that they feel they
have little in common with the churches and with the general
body of church-people. The Labour world, with its separate
organisations, is almost wholly cut off from the religious world
and its organisations. "While both are fast becoming the two most
powerful organisations in the country, they are drifting farther
apart from each other every year. Labour feels, and openly gives
expression to the feeling, that the Church is a capitalist organi-
sation. The church-going employer and the stay-away trade
unionist are alike suspicious of each other.
So wide has the gulf become that workpeople have themselves
started Labour churches. The teaching at these places differs
but little from that at the ethical societies. Nowhere have the
Labour churches shown lasting vitality. Frequently they have
ended in dismal failure. But they indicate a desire for a church,
a yearning of the soul that is rising above the material things for
which Labour strives and becoming vaguely conscious of the
One far-off divine event,
To which the whole creation moves.
This desire for a separate Church only serves to mark afresh
the failure of existing Churches to meet the people's needs. That
failure comes largely, because in the work of administration the
Churches do not as a rule admit the labouring classes. In most
Churches to-day, with the exception, perhaps, of the Primitive
Methodist, workpeople feel that in spite of their innate energy,
their desire for service, their ability for organisation, they have
344 THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
no call to take part in the administrative work. They may be
welcomed as members, as that part of the congregation that has
to be preached at, but they are not to be admitted into the
counsels of the Church, nor to figure at the annual conferences,
nor have any voice in the general scheme of government.
The Salvation Army teach the Churches a lesson here. The
Salvationists reach the people through the people ; they make all
their converts workers. Maybe one of the reasons whj the
Salvation Army cannot themselves point to a growing member-
ship in recent years is because of the generous way they have
fed both Anglican and Nonconformist Churches. Tens of thousands
of worshippers enumerated under various Churches have first been
got hold of by the Salvation Army.
Here surely is one way to win back the people to the Churches.
Give them an interest. Make them responsible for something. A
Church with working men sharing its responsibilities and taking
part in its official as well as in its spiritual life would of a
certainty lay hold of the people. Such a Church would make use
of working men in order to bring in working men, even as Christ
made use of working men to send His gospel through all ages to
all mankind.
District of Richmond
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
St. Anne's, Kew Green
94
255
124
473
100
196
39
335
808
St. Peter's, Petersham .
43
86
63
192
22
71
21
114
306
Christ Church, Kew Road .
53
113
136
302
49
139
39
227
529
Holy Trinity, Townsend Rd.
73
176
65
314
69
179
49
297
Gil
Church of St. John-the-
Divine, Kew Road .
107
259
161
527
74
235
125
434
9G1
St. Luke's, Kew Road .
38
121
133
292
35
77
38
150
442
St. Mary Magdalene's George
Street ....
95
240
167
502
78
200
67
345
847
St. Matthias', Richmond.Hl.
130
368
55
553
82
268
35
385
938
Hickey's Almshouse Chapel
49
122
16
187
36
92
6
134
321
Total ....
682
1,740
920
3,342
545
1,457
419
2,421
5,763
Chtireh, of England Missions
The Hall, Lr. Mortlake Rd.
Railway Miss. Hall, Sheen
Dale
1
14
15
31
25
30
9
64
17
125
51
125
66
Total ....
1
14
15
56
39
81
176
191
BAPTIST CHURCH
Duke Street ....
Salem, Parkshot, Kewfoot
Road
Ebenezer, Jocelyn Road . .
46
13
14
71
17
20
41
32
2
158
62
36
53
21
17
117
39
27
12
9
7
182
69
51
340
131
87
Total ....
73
108
75
256
91
183
28
302
558
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Bethlehem Chapel, Ormond
Road
Vineyard ....
St. Paul's, Raleigh Road .
14
78
23
15
101
30
1
5 1
74
107 i
34
253
160
16
62
28
22
130
55
5
31
44
43
223
127
77
476
287
Total ....
115
146
186 1
447
106
207
80
393
840
WESLEYAN METHODIST
CHURCH
College Chapel, Richmond
Hill
Kew Road ....
Battenberg Road .
Cambridge Road, Kew
50
52
5
15
70
55
4
15
35
73
39
32
155
180
48
62
48
62
26
14
88
101
26
31
32
16
32
15
168
179
84
60
323
359
132
122
Total ....
122
144
179
445
150
246
95
491
936
345
346
THE RELiaiOUS LIFE OF LONDON
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
20
Women.
48
Chldrn.
14
Total.
Sheen Road ....
10
14
20
44
82
126
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Little Green .
40
61
30
131
36
42
13
91
BRETHREN
Channing Hall, Friars Lane 10
16
31
21
25 55
SALVATION ARMY
Kewfoot Road
14
28
26 I
44
UNITARIAN CHURCH
Free Church, Ormond Road
12
13
20
45
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Loretto Chapel, 14, Kew
Gardens Road .
St. Elizabeth, Vineyard
Total ....
32
105
137
65
166
231
103
124
347
471
57
107
60
67
28
203
231
OTHER SERVICES
Christian Miss., 205, Sandy-
combe Road
London City Miss., Evelyn
Road
Total ....
13
13
68
28
108
136
42
43
203
246
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Church of England
„ „ Missions
Baptist Church
Congregational Church
Wesleyan Meth. Church
Primitive Meth. Church
Presbyterian Church .
Brethren
Salvation Army .
Unitarian Church.
Roman Catholic Church
Other Services
682
1
73
115
122
10
40
10
8
12
137
5
1,740
108
146
144
14
61
16
6
13
231
6
920
14
75
186
179
20
30
5
14
20
103
2
3,342
15
256
447
445
44
131
31
28
45
471
13
545
56
91
106
150
20
36
9
9
'57
68
1,457
39
183
207
246
48
42
21
26
167
136
419
81
28
80
95
14
13
25
9
'67
42
2,421
176
302
393
491
82
91
55
44
231
246
5,763
191
558
840
936
126
222
86
72
45
702
259
Grand Totals .
1,215
2,485
1,568
5,268
1,147
2,512
873
4,532
9,800
District of Barnes
CHURCH OP ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Wonjen.
Chldrn.
Total.
Holy Trinity
St. Mary's ....
St. Michael and All Angels'
St. Mary's, Mortlake .
Christ Church, East Sheen .
34
120
55
82
55
68
270
121
109
140
71
206
IGO
257
97
173
596
336
448
292
25
76
81
61
43
40
191
223
104
67
39
77
108
51
49
104
344
412
216
159
277
940
748
664
451
Total ....
346
708
791
1.845
286
625
324
1,235
3,080
BAPTIST CHURCH
Stanton Road
15
18
38
71
19
55
19
93
164
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Vernon Road, Mortlake
46 48
95 189
42
73 35 150
339
Congregational Mission
South Worple Way
12 11
23 23
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
White Hart Lane
37 32 70 139 39 78 36 153 292
BRETHREN
High Street, Mortlake
18 12 13
33 ! 51
SALVATION ARMY
Railway Street
12 11 13 30 54 66
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Mary Magdalene's, Mort-
lake
126
175 I 136
347
437
50
155
592
348
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
OTHER SERVICES
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Ptople'.s Mission
Merthyr Terrace
Welcome Mission
Railway Street .
Hall,
Hall',
1
1
30
38
11
13
12
30
25
17
48
GO
86
60
Total .
7
1
30
38
24
42
42
108
146
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women, j Chldm.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
Baptist Church
Congregational Church
„ Mission
Wesleyan Meth. Church
Brethren
Salvation Army .
Eoman Catholic Church
Other Services
346
15
46
37
8
4
126
7
708
18
48
32
7
5
175
1
791
38
95
70
3
3
136
30
1,845
71
189
139
18
12
437
38
286
19
42
12
39
12
11
48
24
625
55
73
11
78
13
13
50
42
324
19
35
36
8
30
57
42
1,235
93
150
23
153
33
54
155
108
3,080
164
339
23
292
51
66
592
146
Grand Totals .
589
994
1,166
2,749
493
960
551
2,004
4,753
District of Sutton
CHUBCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING. j
EVENING. 1
Total
Men.
Women. Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
for the
Day.
St. Nicholas', High Street .
All Saints', Benhilton .
Christ Church, Ch. Ch. Pk.
St. Barnabas', St. Barnabas
Road
159
120
103
75
386
183
253
136
119
264
101
206
664
567
457
417
149
192
129
72
342
243
241
159
104
185
99
57
595
620
469
288
1,259
1,187
926
705
Total ....
457
958
690
2,105
542
985
445
1,972
4,077
Church of England Missions
Christ Church, Belmont
St. Barnabas', Harold Road
Good Shepherd, Colling-
wood Road
11
1
13
9
26
166
50
176
13
4
14
26
8
46
33
7
39
72
19
99
122
19
275
Total ....
12
22
192
226
31
80
79
190
416
BAPTIST CHUBCH
High Street . . . .
Trinity, Langley Park Road
Belmont . . . .
Total . . . .
49
79
47
175
49
113
8
170
3
10
5
18
1 7
10
2
19
4
12
18
34
7
18
9
34
56
101
70
227
63
141
19
223
345
37
450
CONGREGATIONAIi CHURCH
Carshalton Road
Benhill Street
Total .
50
110
98
258
42
8
86
22
22
34
150
64
50
110
98
258
50
108
56
214
408
64
472
WEST.EYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Carshalton Road .
. 1 67 1 96 41 204
72
119
22
213 1
417
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Marshall's Road .
27
24 1 69 120 30 63 j
23
116 II
236
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Lind Road .
. j 23 1 24 55 1 102 1 30 45 |
25
100 1
202
349
350
THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
BRETHREN
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Hall, Cheam Road
The Room, 32, High Street
23
5
32
3
12
2
67
10
13
3
41
7
7
10
61
20
128
30
Total ....
28
35
14
77
16
48
17
81
158
SALVATION ARMY
Citadel, Benhill Street
17
19
47
83
31
51
63
145
228
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Our Lady of the Rosary,
Carshalton Road
98 115
60 273
31
44
25
100
373
OTHER SERVICES
Brickfields Mission Hall,
Crown Road
5
2
6
13
8
24
24
56
69
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Church of England ^ .
„ „ Missions
Baptist Church .
Congregational Church
Wesleyan Meth. Church
U. Meth. Free Church
Primitive Meth. Church
Brethren
Salvation Army .
Koman Catholic Church
Other Services
457
12
56
50
67
27
23
28
17
98
5
958
22
101
110
96
24
24
35
19
115
2
690
192
70
98
41
69
55
14
47
60
6
2,105
226
227
258
204
120
102
77
83
273
13
542
31
63
50
72
30
30
16
31
31
8
985
80
141
108
119
63
45
48
51
44
24
445
79
19
56
22
23
25
17
63
25
24
1,972
190
223
214
213
116
100
81
145
100
56
4,077
416
450
472
417
236
202
158
228
373
69
Grand Totals .
840
1,506
1,342
3,688
904
1,708
798
3,410
7,098
District of Carshalton
CHtmCH OF ENaiiAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
TotaL
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
for the
Day.
All Saints' ....
Church of the Good Shep-
herd, Stanley Park Road
St. Andrew's, The Wrythe .
93
16
9
207
34
24
234
43
29
534
93
62
91
15
12
209
40
45
73
33
31
373
88
88
907
181
150
Total ....
118
265
306
689
118
294
137
549
1,238
"WESLEYAH" METHODIST CHURCH
Palmerston Road
45
52
20
15
42
94
UNITED METHODIST TREE CHURCH
North Street
22
23
50
95
26
47
34
107
202
FREE EPISCOPAL CHURCH
Public Hall, High Street . 16 15 14 45 38 | 36 17 91 136
BRETHREN"
Hall, West Street
11
8 12
31
24 27
60
91
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Church of England
Wesleyan Meth.Church
U. Meth. Free Church
Free Epis. Church
Brethren
118
6
22
16
11
265
1
23
15
8
306
45
50
14
12
689
52
95
45
31
118
7
26
38
9
294
20
47
36
24
137
15
34
17
27
549
42
107
91
60
1,238
94
202
136
91
Grand Totals .
173
312
427
912
198
421
230
849
1,761
351
Borough of West Ham
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHUBCH.
All Saints', Church Street .
St. Mary's, Plaistow .
Christ Church, High Street,
Stratford . . . .
St. Paul's, Maryland Road,
Stratford . . . .
St. James', Forest Gate
St. Saviour's, Forest Gate .
St. Mark's, Forest Gate
Emmanuel, Forest Gate
Holy Trinity, Oxford Road,
Stratford . . . .
St. John the Evangelist's,
Broadway, Stratford
St. Peter's, Upton Lane
St. Thomas', Rokeby Street
Holy Trinity, Barking Road
St. Luke's, Boyd Road
St. Matthew's, Ethel Road .
St. Mark's, Silvertown
St. Alban and the English
Martyrs', Canning Town .
St. Matthias', Canning Town
Church of the Ascension,
Silvertown
St. Gabriel's, Canning Town
St. Philip's, Barking Road .
St. Andrew's, Barking Road
St. Martin's, Barking Road
St. Matthew's, Dyson Road
Total
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
146
214
121
481
167
273
108
548
1,029
53
97
343
493
89
218
166
473
966
6
17
88
111
11
39
44
94
205
113
166
62
341
152
250
119
521
862
42
39
93
174
73
94
43
210
384
76
68
55
199
73
189
100
362
561
38
42
19
99
43
51
21
115
214
80
173
288
541
130
329
101
560
1,101
34
54
102
190
62
134
77
273
463
57
129
149
335
81
178
107
366
701
G5
108
93
266
80
178
81
339
605
33
13
69
115
38
74
57
169
284
75
98
230
403
135
197
280
612
1,015
35
43
112
190
57
112
57
226
416
26
41
178
245
51
142
169
362
607
25
14
83
122
35
38
55
128
250
4
3
48
55
14
19
42
75
130
31
27
189
247
37
87
44
168
415
30
38
128
196
54
86
83
223
419
42
31
223
296
35
43
55
133
429
64
124
242
430
37
139
83
259
689
46
158
272
476
70
261
448
779
1,255
17
31
67
115
18
52
51
121
236
112
168
131
411
124
209
76
409
820
1,250
1,896
3,385
6,531
1,666
3,392
2,467
7,525
14,056
Church of England Missions
Holbrook Road Hall .
9
29
12
50
50
Manor Road Mission .
3
1
43
47
5
23
27
55
102
;St. Paul's, Chandos Road,
Stratford ....
21
23
244
288
42
104
76
222
510
St. Paul's, Leyton Road
25
37
24
86
86
St. Matthew's, Vicarage Lane
6
3
160
169
26
68
56
150
319
St. Mark's, Windmill Lane
18
23
43
84
37
73
30
140
224
St. Aidan's, Ward Road
5
4
13
22
11
26
37
74
96
St. Catherine's, Chapman
Road. ....
8
8
143
159
14
44
67
125
284
St. Jude's, Stephen's Road .
7
4
194
205
26
50
47
123
328
St. Barnabas', Eastwood Rd.
3
4
43
50
15
18
36
69
119
St. Thomas', Plaistow.
3
5
185
193
20
45
82
147
340
St. Luke's, Canning Town .
4
46
50
5
4
17
26
76
St. Faith's, Canning Town .
2
5
136
143
9
22
43
74
217
St. Cyprian's, Canning Town
9
9
186
204
29
70
81
180
384
St. Stephen's, Cedars Road,
Stratford ....
8
24
65
97
27
44
31
102
199
St. Mary's, Plaistow .
3
91
94
4
8
73
85
179
St. Saviour's, 365, Railway
Arches ....
2
72
74
74
Total ....
102
113
1,664
1,879
304
665
739
1,708
3,587
352
aBEATER LONDON— WEST HAM
353
BAPTIST CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNIXG.
EVENING.
!
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Carpenter's Road, Stratford
.52
22
43
117
54
49
23
126
243
Major Road, Stratford
42
52
115
209
69
112
155
336 ,
545
The Grove, Stratford .
51
41
90
182 1
78
88
20
186
368
Woodgiange, Romford Road
151
182
193
526
230
469
126
825
1,3.51
West Ham Lane Tabernacle
41
54
48
143
52
97
277
426
569
Gurney Road, Stratford
45
51
67
163
51
92
77
220
383
Jireh, Sebert Road
33
24
8
65
29
.38
13
80
145
Upton Cross Lane
24
21
22
67
32
48
.37
117
1 184
Claremont House
17
6
8
31
16
9
9
34
1 65
Edith Road Tabernacle
38
.35
67
140
45
47
33
125
1 265
Providence, Canning Town
6
2
9
17
5
12
7
24
i 41
Silvertown, Wythes Road .
29
29
48
106
36
70
81
187
! 293
Tidal Basin ....
G
9
21
36
i 12
24
25
61
i 97
Barking Road Tabernacle .
65
65
228
3.58
126
222
96
444
1 802
Total ....
I 600
593
967
2,160
835
1,377
979
3,191
1 5,351
CONQREGATIONAL CHURCH
Plaistow Chapel, Balaam St.
137
161
292
590
' 239
327
183
749
1,339
The Grove . . . .
148
176
157
481
i 232
392
180
804
1,285
"Brickfields," Union Road.
47
35
78
160
1 49
75
95
219
379
Canning Town, Barking Rd.
69
106
88
263
163
202
70
435 1
698
Sebert Road
146
202 ;
140
488
148
307
o8
513 1
1,001
Romford Road
114
162
115
391
i 111
154
32
297
688
Chapel Street
1
1
44
46
i 3
1
65
69:
115
East Road ....
15
12
18
45
1 24
22
19
65
110
Victoria Dock Road .
23
18
62
103
1 36
89
51
176
279
Union, Custom House
o
14
16
i ^
3
11
19
3^3
Greengate, Barking Road .
30
29
184
243
J '■'
101
104
278
521
Total . . . .
732
902
1,192
2,826
1 1,083
1,673
868
3,624
6,450
Congregational Missions
Mansfield Hall, Barking Rd.
Southern Road
Watson Street
Mission-hall, Swanscombe
Street ....
'"2
5
■•■5
125 i
66 1
127
76
37
30
22
69
80
48
37
81
27
130
54
50
144 ;
208 '
113 1
200
144
335
189
200
Total ....
7
5
191
203
1
1.58
246
261
665
868
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
The Grove, Stratford .
156
112
120
388 ,
168
209
116
493
881
Barking Road
86
99
201
386
104
177
126
407
793
Broadway, Plaistow .
121
124
172
417
144
205
162
511
928
Woodgrange Road
156
203
97
456
248
337
341
926
1,382
Albert Road, Silvertown
16
17
65
98 ■
19
29
21
69
167
Total ....
535
555
655
1,745 II
683
957
766
2,406
4,151
Wesleyan Methodist Mission
354
THE RELiaiOUS LIFE OF LONDON
UNITED METHODIST FKEE CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
ToUl
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Totel.
Field Road ....
Bridge Road, Stratford
Harold Road, Stratford
Shirley St., Canning Town
77
8
71
11
45
6
87
10
98
8
200
201
220
22
3.58
222
132
10
114
37
204
17
212
41
113
8
187
57
449
35
513
135
669
57
871
357
Total ....
167
148
507
822
293
474
365
1,132
1,954
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Chapel Street, Stratford
14
11
14
39
1 28
33
18
79
118
Stratford New Town .
13
11
63
87
26
29
23
78
165
Cobbold Road, Forast Gate
20
14
16
50
24
23
10
57
107
Upton Lane ....
32
36
143
211
59
83
51
193
404
Stratford Road .
55
41
199
295
72
105
139
316
611
Steele Road ....
3
1
45
49
9
11
30
50
99
Barking Road
48
35
204
287
115
197
261
.573
860
Tidal Basin ....
17
6
33
56
41
51
70
162
218
Charles Street, Plaistow
7
4
40
51
17
14
34
65
116
Total ....
209
159
757
1,125
391
546
636
1,573
2,698
WELSH CALVINISTIC METHODIST CHURCH
Romford Road
10
26
29
30
12
71
PRESBYTERIAM" CHURCH
Trinity Church, Maryland
Point ....
Hack Road, Tidal Basin .
Tate Road, Silvertown
100 119
42 .39
39 31
62
48
37
281
129
107
92
49
35
111
59
49
56
.38
18
259
146
102
540
275
209
Total ....
181 189
147
517
176
219
112
507
1,024
FREE EPISCOPAIj CHURCHES
St. Alethia's, Park Avenue
St. John's, Plashet Roc-id
Christ Ch. , J^rlliara Grove.
14
29
12
9
47
13
"61
7
23
137
32
"31
14
"54
26
"'23
7
'ibs
47
23
245
79
Total ....
55
69
68
192
45
80
30 1 155
347
NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH
Plashet Road
19
24
49
26
34
31
91 140
SOCIETY OP FRIENDS
Meeting House, North St. .
}5arclay Hall, Green Street .
17
17
7
8
7
84
31
109
7
45
6
74
21
1,53
34
272
1 65
.381
Total ....
34
15
91
140
52
80
174
306
446
GREATER LONDON— WEST HAM
BRETHREN
355
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
24
Chldrn.
Total.
56
Men.
40
Women.
Chldrn.
TotaL
Day.
The Hall, North Street
32
32
72
128
Upton Room, 205, Plashet
Road
Xj
50
•M
115
50
73
45
168
283
Lower Road, Plaistow .
55
55
M
144
64
82
57
203
347
Bignold Road Hall .
48
41
90
179
66
116
69
2.51
430
Beaumont Road Hall .
20
15
20
55
30
26
45
100
155
Total ....
190
185
174
549
250
328
216
794
1,343
EVANGELISTIC MISSION SERVICES
Conference Hall, West Ham
Lane
474
585
301
1,360
1,360
DISCIPLES OP CHRIST
Amity Road Hall
13 12 20 45
15 18
8 41
86
FOREIGN PROTESTANT SERVICES
German Church, Star Lane 5 4 1 10
5 19 29
UNITARIAN CHURCH
Weat Ham Lane, Stratford
Upton Lane ....
8
13
4
16
15
8
27
37
11
16
19
20
20
9
50
45
77
82
Total ....
21
20
23
64
27
39
29
95
159
SALVATION ARMY
Angel Lane, Stratford
Upper Road, Plaistow
Fox Street, Canning Town .
65
47
53
56
38
12
150
86
59
271
171
124
> 159
65
65
275
96
77
252
57
56
686
218
198
957
389
322
Total ....
165
106
295
566
289
448
365
1,102
1,668
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Francis, Grove Crescent
426
484
211
1,121
39
84
41
164
1,285
St. Anthony, Khedive Road
511
735
712
1,958
240
369
127
726
2,684
St. Margaret and All Saints',
Barking Road .
St. Anne^, Custom House .
355
265
424
1,044
58
79
61
198
1,242
52
50
136
238
16
25
38
79
317
St. Mary and St. Fxlward's,
Silvertown
319
202
355
876
61
58
69
188
1,064
Total ....
1,663
1,736
1,838
5,237
414
605
336
1,355
6,592
366
THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
OTHER SERVICES
i^tlTTD/^TJ
MORNING.
EVENING. i
Total
fnr thf\
CHUBCH.
lUI ItllKJ
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
London City Mission, 118,
Balaam Street .
12
23
8
43
43
London City Mission, North
Street, Stratford
25
48
17
90
90
Railway Mission Hall, Ley-
ton Road ....
223
274
127
624
624
Spiritualists, 3, Wells Street,
Stratford ....
4
10
19
29
2
50
60
Spiritualists, Dames Road .
Cnristian Israelites, Dames
13
18
9
40
40
Road
10
9
25
11
23
8
42
67
Zion's Watch Tower, 7'J,
Woodgrange Road .
68
62
14
144
144
Ridley Hall, Upton Lane .
11
"13
59
"83
51
160
60
271
354
li'ree Ragged Sch., Chapel St.
3
2
G4
69
10
47
29
86
155
Victoria Dock Road Hall .
6
10
16
14
15
15
44
60
Louisa Ashburton Hall, Vic-
toria Dock Road
100
181
170
451
451
Peculiar People, Oriental
Road ....
21
11
36
68
16
12
16
44
112
Peculiar People, Church St.,
Canning Town .
52
68
47
167
47
35
56
138
305
Sailors' Home, Barking Rd.
22
16
9
47
47
Spiritualists, Workmen's
Hall, West Ham Lane .
14
10
38
62
62
Spiritualists, 2, Braemar Rd.
26
38
8
72
72
Christian Miss., Canning Tn.
"l2
"'5
"31
"48
16
29
26
71
119
Francis Street Hall, North
Street ....
2
85
87
10
28
24
62
149
Latter Day Saints, Work-
men's Hall, W. Ham Lane
20
37
10
67
67
Total ....
121
108
344
573
717
1,085
646
2,448
3,021
DE
:noa
AINA
TlOf
^AL
TOT
ALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for th6
DENOMINATION.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
1,250
1,896
3,385
6,531
1,666
3,392
2,467
7,525
14,056
„ „ Missions
102
113
1,664
1,879
304
665
739
1,708
3,587
Baptist Church
600
593
967
2,160
835
1,377
979
3,191
5,351
Congregational Church
732
902
1,192
2,826
1,083
1,673
868
3,624
6,450
„ Missions
7
5
191
203
158
246
261
665
868
Weslcyan Meth. Church
535
555
655
1,745
683
957
766
2,406
4,151
„ „ Mission
4
3
25
32
27
44
51
122
154
U. Meth. Free Church .
167
148
507
822
293
474
365
1,132
1,954
Primitive Meth. Church
209
1.59
757
1,125
391
546
636
1,573
2,698
Welsh Cal.Meth.Church
10
9
7
26
29
30
12
71
97
Presbyterian Church .
Free Episcopal Church
181
189
147
517
176
219
112
507
1,024
55
69
68
192
45
80
30
155
347
New Jerusalem „
19
6
24
49
26
34
31
91
140
Society of Friends
34
15
91
140
52
80
174
306
446
Brethren
190
185
174
.i49
250
328
216
794
1,343
Evan. Mission Services .
...
474
585
301
1,360
1,360
Disciples of Christ
13
12
'20
45
15
18
8
41
86
Foreign Prot. Services .
5
4
1
10
8
6
5
19
29
Unitarian Church .
21
20
23
64
27
39
29
95
159
Salvation Army .
165
106
295
566
289
448
365
1,102
1,668
Roman Catholic Church
1,663
1,736
1,838
5,237
414
605
336
1,355
6,592
Other Services
121
108
344
573
717
1,085
646
2,448
3,021
Jewish Church
42
1
25
68
...
68
Grand Totals .
6,125
6,834
12,400
25,359
7,962
12,931
9,397
30,290
55,649
District of East Ham
CHURCH OP
ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
St. Barnabas', Browning Rd.
40
47
150
243
100
175
139
414
657
St. Mary the Virgin, Ch.
Road
25
27
45
97
44
78
86
208
305
St. Mary Magdalene's, High
Street ....
41
50
4{!
137
55
128
96
279
416
St. Alban'a, Wakefield St. .
23
28
116
167
55
93
130
278
445
St. Stephen's, Green Street
73
120
229
422
191
379
230
800
1,222
St. Edmund's, Halley Road
40
77
10(j
223
65
162
117
344
567
St. Michael and All Angels',
!
Romford Road .
153
101
185
439
83
177
146
406 1
845
St. Bartholomew's, Barking
Road
50
45
150
245
130
201
159
490
735
All Saints', Hampton Road
90
84
141
315
195
303
155
653
96
Total ....
541
579
1,168
2,288
918
1,696
1,258
3,872
6,160
Church of England Missions
St. Mary's, Southborough
1
Road
10
19
11
40
40
St. Michael and All Angels',
Beckton Road .
10
24
42
76
54
95
46
195
271
St. Michael and All Angels',
1
Rutland Road .
24
45
119
188
63
130
86
279
467
St. Cuthbert's, Florence Rd.
...
7
19
(
33
33
Total ....
34
69
161
264
134
263
150
547 1
811
BAPTIST CHURCH
Little Ilford Tabernacle
New Beckton Chapel .
Plashet Grove
Manor Pk., High Street, N.
34
16
95
65
28
4
70
66
77
38
122
50
139
58
287
181
47
34
173
72
73
57
290
181
50
76
222
135
176
167
685
388
315
225
972
569
Total ....
210
168
287
665
326
601
489
1.416
2,081
Baptist Missions
358, Catherine Rd., E. Ham
Dock St., North Woolwich
12
o
5
7
29
24
31
11
14
11
31
8
70
30
121
54
152
Total ....
14
5
36
55
25
42
84
151
206
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Welsh
9
8
4
21
23
10
10
49
70
Coleridge Avenue
Manor Park ....
30
31
13
25
85
45
128
101
44
41
67
75
122
31
233
147
361
248
65
34
90
189
98
105
57
260
449
Wakefield Street .
58
41
196
295
100
166
104
370
665
Total ....
193
121
420
734
306
429
.324
1,059
1,793
357
358
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Green Street, Upton Park .
Abbot's Park
Barking Road
Romford Road .
130
19
130
102
10
18
117
185
64
92
143
417
83
129
390
358
13
24
255
515
29
56
460
205
52
75
388
1,138
94
155
1,103
1,555
177
284
1,493
Total ....
288 247 484
1,019
650
1,060
780
2,490
3,509
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Romford Road .
High Street ....
49
60
49
52
34
130
132
242
134
180
204 71
294 247
1
409
721
541
963 i
Total ....
109
101
164
374
314
498
318
1,130
1,504
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Elizabeth St., N. Woolwich
4
30
34
10
7
31
48
82
High Street, South
38
14
135
187
57
99
151
307
494
Romford Road
30
31
93
154
48
86
96
230
384
Plashet Grove, Upton Park
30
29
84
143
43
56
59
158
301
Gas Works Hall, Beckton .
9
6
86
101
14
18
22
54
15.J
Katherine Road .
3
2
30
35
6
6
11
23
58
Total ....
114
82
458
654
178
272
370
820
1,474
Primitive Methodist Mission
Boleyn Road
13
29 46 11 43 67 121 i 167
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
East Avenue
123 101 128 352 1 165 290 195 650 1,002
FREE EPISCOPAL CHURCHES
Shrewsbury Road (Free
Church of England) . 4 5
Christ Church, Carlyle Rd. 12 7
47
7
56
26
5
22
30
32
21
10
56
64
112
90
Total .... 1 16
12
54
82
27
62
31
120
202
BRETHREN
566, Romford Road, Manor
Park
22
17
23
62
23
38
19
80
142
SALVATION ARMY
409, Catherine Road .
1, Holme Road .
Greenliill Grove, Manor Pk.
8
17
86
9 25
10 25
36 60
42
52
182
12
38
81
26
38
129
30
16
105
68
92
315
110
144
497
Total ....
111
55
110
276
131
193
151
475
751
GREATER LONDON— EAST HAM
BOMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
359
CHUKCH.
MORNING.
EVENING. i
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
St. Nicholas', Manor Park .
Our Lady of Compassion,
Castle Street .
21
89
63
164
22
163
106
416
522 j
2
31
4
52
10
44
16
127
122
543
Total ....
110
227
185
33
56
54
143
665
OTHER SERVICES
Spiritualists', 449, High St.
...
30
36
6
72
72
South Borough Road .
16
17
14
47
47
Mizpah Miss., King's Road
1
17
18
6
...
39
45
63
London City Miss., Plashet
Lane
7
14
21
11
13
19
43
64
Plashet Gospel Miss., Park
Road
23
14
17
54
29
66
48
143
197
Bonny Downs Gospel Miss.
2
57
59
3
2
173
178
237
Total ....
33
14
105
152
95
134
299
528
680
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
541
579
1,168
2,288
918
1,696
1,258
3,872
6,160
„ „ Missions
34
69
161
264
134
263
150
547
811
Baptist Church .
210
168
287
665
326
601
489
1,416
2,081
„ Zvlissions .
14
5
36
55
25
42
84
151
206
Congregational Church
193
121
420
734
306
429
324
1,059
1,793
Wesleyan Meth. Church
288
247
484
1,019 '
650
1,060
780
2,490
3,509
U. Meth. Free Church .
109
101
164
374
314
498
318
1,130
1,504
Primitive Meth. Church
114
82
458
654
178
272
370
820
1,474
„ „ Mission.
13
4
29
46
11
43
67
121
167
Presbyterian Church .
Free Episcopal Church.
123
101
128
352
165
290
195
650
1,002
16
12
54
82
27
62
31
120
202
Brethren
22
17
23
62
23
38
19
80
142
Salvation Army .
111
55
no
276
131
193
151
475
751
Roman Catholic Church
110
227
185
522
33
56
54
143
665
Other Services
33
14
105
152
95
134
299
528
680
Jewish Church
67
16
39
112
_
...
112
Grand Totals .
1,988
1,818
3,851
7,657
3,336
5,677
4,589
13,602
21,259
District of Ilford
CHURCH OF
ENGL
AND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
CHURCH.
Men.
Woiuea.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
St. Clement's, South Pk. Av.
218
312
'212
742
207
399
110
716
1,458
St. Peter's, Aldborough
Hatch ....
22
23
36
81
32
28
14
74
155
St. John's, Aldborough Rd.,
Seven Kings
55
84
160
299
72
140
121
333
632
St. Lawi-ence's, Barkingside
1
•)
45
48
1 (
11
14
32
80
St. Mary's, High Road
St. Alban's, Albert Road .
9'.t
120
167
386
152
215
109
476 1
862
5()
114
414
584
1 83
172
07
322
906
St. Mary's Hospital, Ilford
HiU . ... .
82
118
45
245
86
183
39
308
553
Holy Trinity, Barkingside .
St. James', Little Heath,
17
35
97
149
27
24
35
86
235
Chadwell ....
34
37
67
138
1 46
47
12
105
243
St. Paul's, Atholl Road,
Goodmayes
25
39
47
111
47
77
38
162
273
Total ....
609
884
1,290
2,783
759
1,296
559
2,614
5,397
Church of England Missions
Beehive Miss., Beehive Ln.
Roden Street
9
4
16
2
52
59
77
65
21
6
43
14
34
29
98
49
175
114
Total ....
13
18
111
142
27
57
63
147
289
BAPTIST CHURCH
High Street ....
83
119
145
347
104
194
62
360
707
Chadwell Heath Lane, Rom-
1
ford Road ....
15
8
32
oo
19 1
47
32
98
153
Cranbrook Road .
97
94
113
304
102 i
172
45
319
i 623
Cleveland Road .
23
26
37
80
92 1
37
6
65
151
Cameron Road, Seven Kings
58
55
oo
168
63 j
94
30
187
355
Total ....
276
302
382
960
310 !
544
175
1,029
1,989
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
High Road ....
Christ Ch., Cranbrook Rd.
296 299
25 25
391 986
34 84
413
17
584 i
41
147
12
1,144
70
2,130
154
Total ....
321
324
425
1,070
430
625 1
159
1,214
2,284
"WESIiEYAN METHODIST
CHURCH
High Street .
Blythwood Road,
Kings
Cleveland Hall .
Seven
188
105
195
107
156
79
539
291
234
113
108
289
160
94
82
55
107
605
328
309
1,144
619
309
Total .
293
302
235
830
455
543
244
1,242
2,072
300
GREATER LONDON— ILFORD
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
361
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
'Womeu.
Chldrn.
Total.
283
121
31
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Ilford Lane ....
Barkingside ....
Central Hall, Seven Kings .
70
14
14
81
19
4
132
88
13
108
26
20
161
37
21
115
21
11
384
84
52
667
205
83
1
Total ....
98
104 1 233
435
154
219
147
520
955
PRESBYTERIAN" CHURCH
Albert Road .
80
103
79
262
87
140
46
273
535
Hall, Clement's Road .
Loxford Assembly 'Hall,
Ilford Lane
Total . . . .
BRETHREN
44
46
17
107
7
8
26
41
51
54
43
148
33
6
39
71
21
100
31
131
EVANGELISTIC MISSION SERVICES
Church, Grange Road .
Town Hall . . . .
Ilford Tabernacle
Gospel HaU, St, Mary's Rd.
Gospel Hall, Birkbeck Road
9
"21
6
2
5
"11
10
3
71
"25
71
115
85
"57
87
120
17
285
23
8
14
14
402
46
17
26
44
162
11
7
25
75
849
80
32
65
160
849
137
119
185
Total ....
38
29
282
349
347
505
249
il,101
1,450
CHRISTADELPHIAN CHURCH
Scrafton Road
16
14
26
42
DISCIPLES OF CHRIST
Men's Institute, Barkingside
5
7
7
19
6
10
3
19
38
SALVATION ARMY
Hall, Clement's Road .
62
26
82 170
104
132
30
266
436
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Peter and St. Paul's,
High Road
232 337
191 j 760
124
191
59
374
1,134
OTHER SERVICES
Ilford Spiritualists, Clock
House Hall
29
8
3
40
40
362
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
■Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Churcli of England
„ „ Missions
Baptist Church
Congregational Church
Wesleyan Meth. Church
V. Meth. Free Church .
Presbyterian Church .
Brethren
Evan. Mission Services
Christadelphian Church
Disciples of Christ
Salvation Army .
Roman Catholic Church
Other Services
609
13
276
321
293
98
80
51
38
7
5
62
232
884
18
302
324
302
104
103
54
29
5
7
26
337
1,290
111
382
425
235
233
79
43
282
4
7
82
191
2,783
142
960
1,070
830
435
262
148
349
16
19
170
760
759
27
310
430
455
154
87
39
347
14
6
104
124
29
1,296
57
544
625
543
219
140
71
505
9
10
132
191
8
559
63
175
159
244
147
46
21
249
3
3
30
59
3
2,614
147
1,029
1,214
il,242
520
273
131
1,101
26
19
266
374
40
5,397
289
1,989
2,284
2,072
955
535
279
1,450
42
38
463
1,134
40
Grand Totals .
2,085
2,495
3,364
7,944
2,885
4,350
1,761
8,996
16,940
District of Wanstead
CHURCH OP ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
St, Mary'B, St. Mary's Av.
Christ (Jh., Wanstead Place
Holy Trinity, Hermon Hill
87
141
66
115
240
113
101
188
127
303
569
306
58
202
85
113
413
139
41
68
64
212
683
288
515
1,262
594
Total ....
294
468
416
1,178
345
665
173
1,183
2,361
Church of England Mission
St. John the Evangelist's,
Nightingale Green .
21
33
36
90
90
BAPTIST CHURCH
Wellington Road .
Aldersbrook Road, Wan-
stead Flats
Total . . . .
12
8
20
19
18
33
51
90
18
29
54
7
14
13
34
25
43
20
88
95
83
178
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Grove Road ....
84 1 116
1
54 254 80 152
25
257
511
WESIiEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Hermon Hill
42 60
27 129
35 53
14
102
231
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Cambridge Park .
30 36 41 j 107
51 73
34
158
265
SOCIETY OP PRIENDS
Meeting House,
Road.
Bushwood
48
54
13 115
10
3
13
128
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
1,178
"90
254
129
107
115
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
„ „ Mission
Baptist Church .
Congregational Church
Wesleyan Meth. Church
U. Meth. Free Church .
Society of Friends
294
20
84
42
30
48
468
19
116
60
36
54
416
51
54
27
41
13
345
21
25
80
35
51
10
665
33
43
152
53
73
3
173
36
20
25
14
34
1,183
90
88
257
102
158
13
2,361
90
178
511
231
265
128
Grand Totals .
518
753
602
1,873
567
1,022
302
1,891
3,764
363
District of Leyton
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
St. Marj^'s, Church Road .
107
140
98
345
170
318
74
562
907
St. Philip's, Brewster Road
5
11
120
136
20
58
44
122
258
St. Paul's, Essex Road
32
72
69
173
27
84
32
143
316
St. John the Bapt., High Rd.
123
192
171
486
161
322
121
604
1,090
All Saints', Capworth Street
Holy Trinity, Birkbeck Rd.
36
49
1.33
218
56
101
50
207
425
63
113
6.33
809
82
197
76
355
1,164
St. Andrew's, Colworth Rd.
210
353
160
723
251
477
68
796
1,519
St. Catherine's, Fairlop Rd.
54
82
32
168
88
127
26
241
409
St. Augustine's, May villeRd.
31
49
105
185
48
64
60
172
357
St. Margaret's, Woodhouse
Road
39
104
98
241
68
176
121
365
606
St. Columba's, Janson Road
78
81
257
416
127
209
105
441
857
Christ Church, Francis Rd.
52
49
185
286
97
144
72
313
599
St. Luke's, Ruckholt Road .
23
33
123
179
40
80
54
174
353
Total ....
853
1,328
2,184
4,365
1,235
2,357
903
4,495
8,860
Church of England Missions
St. Alban's, Leslie Road
28
23
124
175
50
79
56
185
360
St. Edward's, Scots Road .
4
15
6
25
25
Russell Mission, Goldsmith
Road ....
4
20
78
102
102
Victoria Room, High Road
13
25
36
74
74
Y.W.C.A., Peark's Stores,
High Road
15
15
15
Holy Trinity, 48, Cranfield
Road
2
7
5
14
14
St. Augustine's Hall, May-
ville Road
1
3
64
68
68
St. Margaret's Mission,
Pevensey Road
1
52
53
53
Total ....
43
51
276
370
60
136
145
341
711
BAPTIST CHURCH
Vicarage Road
Cann Hall Road
Fairlop Road
Goldsmith Road
Harrow Green
Total .
64
80
200
9
71
424
67
68
305
11
70
521
98
130
112
5
76
421
229
278
617
25
217
1,366
93
124
204
9
106
536
155
169
311
14
163
55
129
37
5
38
812
264
303
422
552
28
307
1,612
Baptist Missions
Hall, Lea Bridge Gardens .
AshvilleHall
2
4
2
2
43
127
47
133
6
15
16
28
18
102
40
145
87
278
Total ....
6
4
170 1 180
21
44
120
185
365
364
GEEATER LONDON— LEYTON
365
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
1 Men.
Women.
Chldin.
Total.
Fetter Lane Ch., Union Rd.
Grange Park Road
High Road ....
Ramsay Rd., Forest Gate .
29
65
189
16
41
76
217
10
182
101
83
32
252
242
489
58
88
141
223
; 34
134
213
368
41
82
75
65
26
304
429
656
101
556
671
1,145
159
Total ....
299
344
398
1,041
486
756
248
1,490 ! 2,531
WESIiEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Mary Fletcher Memorial,
High Road
104
108
70
282
195
274
46
515
797
Knott's Green
1
65
66
66
High Road ....
161
ieo
230
551
213
299
76
588
1,139
Cann HaU Road .
16
15
30
61
42
58
63
163
224
Total ....
281
283
330
894
451
1
631
250
1,332
2,226
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Grove Green Road
12
49 i 65
27 76 141
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
High Road
46
38
196
280
121
61
259
539
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Hainault Road
44
38
38
120
49
50
14
113
233
BRETHREN
Leyton Hall, Goldsmith Rd.
HaU, Acacia Road
Crownfield Hall, Crownfield
Road
Total ....
27
27
24
32
39
22
90
81
28
38
52
41
16
28
96
107
18
17
5
40
9
17
6
32
72
73
66
211
75
110
50
235
186
188
EVANGELISTIC MISSION SERVICES
Central Hall, Ferndale Rd.
44
60
53
157
106
230
48
384
541
Christian Mission, Mel-
bourne Road
34
28
23
85
28
35
11
74
159
Hall, Montague Road .
2
4
30
36
13
20
15
48
84
Beachcroft Hall, Beachcroft
Road
13
27
4
44
44
Total ....
80
92
106
278
160
312
78
550
828
SALVATION ARMY
High Road ....
Cann Hall Road .
Southwell Grove Road
88
19
28
81
10
11
90
36
25
259
65
64
151
27
40
236
32
76
126
57
19
513
116
135
772
181
199
Total ....
135
102
151
388
218
344
202
764
1,152
366
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
D*y.
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Ohldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
St. Joseph's, Vicarage Road
76
123
89
288
56
99
64
219
507
OTHER SERVICES
L.C. Mission, Barclay Hall,
High Road
Grange Park Hall, Grange
Park Road
L.C. Mission, Aylmer Road
2
3
3
2
95
41
100
40
39
5
14
66
7
45
G3
91
32
168
103
91
268
149
91
Total ....
5
5
136
146
58
118
186
362
508
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
„ „ Missions
Baptist Church
„ Missions .
Congregational Church
Wesleyan Meth. Church
U.Meth. Free Church.
Primitive Meth. Church
Pi-esbyterian Church .
Brethren
Evan. Mission Services
Salvation Army .
Roman Catholic Church
Other Services
853
43
424
6
299
281
12
46
44
72
80
135
76
5
1,328
51
521
4
344
283
4
38
38
73
92
102
123
5
2,184
276
421
170
398
330
49
196
38
66
106
151
89
136
4,365
370
1,366
180
1,041
894
65
280
120
211
278
388
288
146
1,235
60
536
21
486
451
17
77
49
75
160
218
56
58
2,357
136
812
44
756
631
32
121
50
110
312
344
99
118
903
145
264
120
248
250
27
61
14
50
78
202
64
186
4,495
341
1,612
185
1,490
1,332
76
259
113
2351
560
764
219
362
8,860
711
2,978
365
2,531
2,226
141
539
233
446
828
1,152
507
508
Grand Totals .
2,376
3,006
4,610
9,992
3,499
5,922
2,612
12,033
22,025
District of Walthamstow
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
BVENIXG.
Total
for the
Day.
Men. 1 VTomen.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
St. Mary's, Church HiU .
St. Michael and All Angels',
Palm^rston Road
St. PtsLer'a, Epping Forest .
St. Saviour's, MarkhouseRd.
St. Stephen's, Grove Road .
St. Luke's, Greenleaf Road
St. Gabriel's, Havant Road
St. John's, Chingford Road
St. Andrew's, St. Andrew's
Road
All Saints', Church Aventie,
Higham Park .
St. James', St. James St. .
St. Barnabas', Stafford Road
208
103
43
108
60
41
34
22
17
28
40
125
311
155
94
125
lOG
30
68
31
19
39
67
137
174
393
58
206
66
117
59
63
27
.58
263
314
693
651
195
439
232
188
161
116
63
125
370
576
270
130
56
165
100
58
118
34
21
46
50
163
476
.'^26
97
337
173
90
212
48
37
71
181
356
98
117
34
133
54
29
157
54
52
20
247
217
844
573
187
635
327
177
487
136
110
137
478
736
1,537
1,224
382
1,074
559
365
648
252
173
262
848
1,312
Total ....
829
1,182
1,798
3,809
1,211
2,404
1,212
4,827
8,636
Church of England Missions
St. Paul's, Courtney Road,
Blackhorse Road
22
41
163
226
18
64
50
132
358
St. Stephen's, Western Rd.,
Lea Bridge Road
1
4
.32
37
37
St. Mark's, Shernhall Street
29
31
109
169
16
67
27
iio
279
St. Andrew's, Chingford
Lane, Woodford
19
46
31
96
96
Total ....
52
76
304
432
53
177
108
338
770
BAPTIST CHURCH
Higham Hill Chapel, St.
Andrew's Road
14
16
12
42
28
48
30
106
148
Zion, Maynard Road .
20
18
38
76
27
.30
7
64
140
Forest Road Hall, Hervey
Park Road
18
11
71
100
31
50
29
110
210
Blackhorse Road .
63
55
118
230
66
1.39
35
240
476
Wood Street
9
8
20
37
12
19
24
oo
92
Spurgeon Memorial, Erskine
Road
14'
10
25
49
17
35
34
86
135
Boundary Road .
97.
1134
74
305
99
209
59
367
672
Total ....
235
252
358
845
280
530
218
1,028
1,873
Baptist Missions
Mission, Board School,
Greenleaf Road
Mission (Boundary Road),
Marsh Street .
7
2
9
1
14
35
30
38
15
24
20
59
89
38
Total ....
9
10
49
68
15
24
20
59
127
367
368
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Spruce Hills Chapel .
Trinity, Orford Road .
Mai-sh St. Church, High St.
Wood St. Church, Valentin
Road.
Free Chui-ch, Hale End
19
108
110
32
51
15
124
96
42
65
146
91
65
81
164
180
.323
271
155
280
40
113
179
48
66
68
166
253
84
121
76
30
67
31
36
184
309
499
163
223
364
632
770
318
503
Total ....
320
342
547
1,209
446
692
240
1,378
2,587
Congregational Missions
Marsh St. Mission, High St.
South Grove Hall, Mark-
house Road
Church Hill Road
Total . . . .
5
1
71
77
1 20
46
109
175 I
5
2
3
3
28
26
.36
31
41
21
47
32
34
24
122
77
12
7
125
144
82
125
167
374
WESLEYAN METHODIST
CHURCH
Church Hill .
Blackhorse Road .
.
80
72
88
62
86
158
254
292
218 280
113 148
40
234
538
495
792
787
Total .
152
150
244
546
331
428
274
1,033
1,579
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Lloyd Pk. Hall, Forest Rd.
Lighthouse, Markhouse Rd.
Shernhall Street .
17
68
109
4
80
112
62
347
118
83
495
339
44
259
115
71
689
180
50
80
80
165
1,028
375
248
1,523
714
Total ....
194
196
527
917
418
940
210
1,568
2,485
PRIMITIVE METHODIST
CHURCH
Gloucester Road .
Wadham Rd., Chapel End
Hawthorn Road .
High Street ....
16
5
19
57
6
8
18
40
107
34
54
72
129
47
91
169
19
8
28
60
24
16
35
63
18
6
29
46
61
30
92
168
190
77
183
337
Total ....
97
72
267
436
115
138
98
351
787
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Prospect Hill
33
33
28
94
51
73
20
144
BRETHREN
Gospel Hall, St. Andrew's
Road ....
Hall, Folkestone Road
Gospel Hall, Selhorne Road
Christian Mission, Collin
wood Road
New Room, Maude Road
St. John's Road Schools
Workmen's Hall .
Maynard Road School .
Total .
144
122
129
41
239
395
16
141
12
9
22
7
3
5
215
27
214
17
13
27
6
5
11
320
41
34
18
.38
38
124
162
126
581
84
389
47
60
87
137
170
142
1,116
GREATER LONDON— WALTHAMSTOW
SALVATION ARMY
369
CHURCH.
MORNING.
BVEXING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women. Chldrn.
Total.
HaU, High Street
Hall, Higham Hill Road .
81
44
74
23
144
100
299
167
132
52
204
45
297
43
633
140
932
307
Total ....
125
97
244
466
184
249
340
773
1,239
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Our Lady and St. George,
Shernhall Street
147
274
205
626
32
21
120
746
OTHER SERVICES
Navvies' Institute, Station
Road
Conway Hall, High Street .
Gosport Mission Hall, 43,
Gosport Road .
Railway Mi.ss. , Brandon Rd,
Total ....
5
1
64
70
19
37
36
92
162
17
27
15
59
59
3
12
15
4
7
11
26
8
15
27
50
50
8
1
76
85
48
79
85
212
297
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
1 EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldiu.
Total.
1 Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Church of England
„ „ Missions
Baptist Church
„ Missions .
Congregational Church
„ Missions
Wesleyan Meth. Church
U. Meth. Free Church .
Primitive Meth. Church
Presbyterian Church .
Brethren
Salvation Army .
Roman Catholic Church
Other Services
829
52
235
9
320
12
152
194
97
33
144
125
147
8
1.182
76
252
10
342
7
150
196
72
33
122
97
274
1
1,798
304
358
49
547
125
244
527
267
28
129
244
205
76
3,809
432
845
68
1,209
144
546
917
436
94
395
466
626
85
i 1)211
1 53
280
15
446
• 82
'• 331
1 418
j 115
i 51
215
i 184
32
48
2,404
177
530
24
692
125
428
940
138
73
320
249
67
79
1,212
108
218
20
240
167
274
210
98
20
581
340
21
85
4,827
338
1,028
59
1,378
374
1,033
1,568
351
144
1,116
773
120
212
8,636
770
1,873
127
2,587
518
1,579
2,485
787
238
1,511
1,239
746
297
Grand Totals .
2,357
2,814
4,901
10,072
3,481
6,246
3,594
13,321
23,393
24
District of Woodford
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
St.Mary'B.High Road, South
Woodford.
St. Paul's, Woodford Bridge
All Saints', High Road,
Woodford Wells .
118
41
96
299
72
165
167
113
86
584
226
347
89
73
92
234
106
259
170
47
49
493
226
400
1,077
452
747
Total ....
255
536
366
1,157
254
599
266
1,119
2,276
Church of England Missions
Christ Church, Burlington
Place, Woodford Wells .
St. Philip and St. James',
Grove Hill, S. Woo<lford .
25
10
84
...
119
5
44
24
51
27
38
56
133
56
252
Total ....
25
10
84
119
49
75
65
189
308
George Lane, S. Woodford .
25
BAPTIST CHURCH
92 1:
22
45
42
56
26
124
216
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Ray Lodge Chaijel, Snakes
Lane
BrownhillRd., Woodford Gn.
George Lane, S. Woodford .
Total ....
28
30
51
109
50
77
36
1
163 j
272
84
109
76
269
1 (i2
98
11
171
440
97
112
81
290
89
171
22
282 1
572
209
251
208
668
201
346
69
616
1,284
Hall, Brunei Road, Wood-
ford Bridge
Granville Hall, Woodford
Lower Road
Total ....
Congregational Missions
20
15
20
15
72 107
72 107
1
46
39
112
219
7
23
68
98 ;
98
34
69
107
210 ;
317
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Derby Road, S. Woodford .
63
74 99
236 1
51
89
21
16l'
397
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
Manor Road, Woodford Gn.
80 145 1 76 301 117
192 j
21
330
631
370
GREATER LONDON— WOODFORD
371
BRETHKEN
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men. 1
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Room No. 3, Wilfrid La\vson
Hotel ....
Grove Road Mission, Grove
Road, South Woodford .
15
48
13
70
19
158
47
276
14
90
15
168
8
33
37
291
84
567
Total ....
63
83
177
323
104
183
41
328
651
SALVATION ARMY
Hall, DaisyRd., S.Woodford 16 18 14
48
48 36
40
124
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Thomas of Canterbury,
High Rd. , Woodford Wells 87
141
72
300
92
134
60 286 580
OTHER SERVICES
Mission. Hall, Home Lane
20 22
22
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION
MORNING. j
EVENING.
Total
for tbe
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn. Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Churcli of England
„ „ Missions
Baptist Church .
Congregational Church
„ Missions
Wesleyan Meth. Church
U. Meth. Free Church .
Brethren
Salvation Army .
Roman Catholic Church
Other Services
255
25
25
209
20
63
80
63
16
87
1
536
10
22
251
15
74
145
83
18
141
1
366
84
45
208
72
99
76
177
14
72
20
1,157
119
92
668
107
236
301
323
48
300
22
254
49
42
201
34
51
117
104
48
92
599
75
56
346
69
89
192
183
36
134
266
65
26
69
107
21
21
41
40
60
1,119
189
124
616
210
161
330
328
124
286
2,276
308
216
1,284
317
397
631
651
172
586
22
Grand Totals .
844
1,296
1,233
3,373
992
1,779
716
3,487
6,860
District of Kingston
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men. Women. Chldrn.
Total, j Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
TotaL
All Saints', Church Street .
St. Peter's, Norbiton .
St. Paul's, Queen's Road .
St. John's, Kingston Vale .
St. John the Evangelist's.
Springfield Road
St. Luke's, Burton Road
97 116 76
X(l 128 j 157
U 87 : 120
L'l 32 : 18
:;9 U] 132^
117 207 ; 113
1
289 ' 120
365 . 115
248 52
71 2;)
282 ;i;-)
437 174
256
245
116
?A
159
452
132
1.35
112
18
61
167
508
495
280
«i
255
793
797
860
' 528
152
1
537
1,230
Total ....
395 ! 681 616 1,692 !' 525
1,262
625
2,412
4,104
Church of England Missions
GoodShepherd,Canbury A\ .
St. Peter's, Norbiton .
... 1
27
8
60
11
62
36
149
55
149
55
Total ....
35 71
98
204
204
BAPTIST CHURCH
Providence, Cowhaze Road .
Bunyan Tabernacle, Queen
Elizabeth Road
Union Street
Zion, London Road
12
74
53
10
30
104
56
12
17
154
38
11
59
332
147
33
17 34
106 282
49 104
i 12 13
1
5
125
37
14
56
513
190
39
115
845
3:37
72
Total ....
149
202
220
571
184 433
181
798
1,369
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Eden Street . . . . 50 | 71 | 43 j 164 72 | 143
49
264
428
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Eden Street ....
London Rd., King.gton Hill
02
23
38
29
85
39
185 i 87 1 155
91 1 45 ! 48
65
30
307
123
492
214
Total ....
85 ■ 67
124
276 1 132 ! 203
95
430
706
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Richmond Road .
Victoria Road, Norbiton
29 1 23
35 1 35
33
40
85
110
50 101
41 63
37
35
188
139
273
249
Total ....
64 58
73
195
91
164
72
327
522
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Grove Crescent Road . . j 41
62
34 137
32
64
23
119
256
SOCIETY OP FRIENDS
Meeting House, Eden Street
11
10 1 ...
21
17
19
14
50
71
372
GEEATER LONDON— KINGSTON
BRETHREN
SAIiVATION" ARMY
St. James' Road HaU
68
125
23
216
91
87
47
225
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
OTHER SERVICES
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
373
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Gospel Hall, Apple Market
Hall, Fife Road .
25, Market Square
11
43
6
3
59
6
14
36
28
138
12
14
48
4
28
68
6
11
41
53
157
10
81
295
22
Total ....
60
68
50
178
66
102
52
220
398
441
St. Agatha's, W'yndham Rd.
St. Raphael's, Portsmouth
Road
68
62
110
126
54
16
232
204
18
33
.58
65
30
14
106
112
338
316
Total ....
130
236
70
436
51
123
44
218
654
London City Miss., Walter
Street ....
Mission HaU, Clarence St.
12
10
20
20
10
1
42
31
42
31
Total ....
i
22
40
11
73
73
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
DENOMINATION.
Men.
Women.
Chldm. Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
„ „ Missions
Baptist Church .
Congregational Church
Wesleyan Meth. Church
Primitive Meth. Church
Presbyterian Church .
Society of Friends
Brethren
Salvation Army .
Roman Catholic Church
Other Services
395
*l"49
50
85
64
41
11
60
68
130
681
202
71
67
58
62
10
68
125
236
616 1,692
220 ' 571
43 \ 164
124 276
73 195
34 1 137
... 1 21
50 i 178
23 216
70 436
525
3o
184
72
132
91
32
17
66
91
51
22
1,262
71
433
143
203
164
64
19
102
87
123
40
625
98
181
49
95
72
23
14
52
47
44
11
2,412
204
798
264
430
327
119
50
220
225
218
73
4,104
204
1,36a
428
706
522
256
71
398
441
654
73
Grand Totals .
1,053
1,580
1,253 3,886
1,318
2,711
1,311
5,340
9,226
District of Ham
CHURCH OP ENGLAND
MORNING.
i
EVENING.
'
Total
f 01' the
CHURCH.
Men. Women. Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
St. Andrew's, Ham Common
40 91
107
238
^^i
155
121
351
589
District of Teddington
CHURCH OF
ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Ohldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
St. Albans', High Street .
Old St. Mary's, High Street
St. Peter and St. Paul's,
Broad Street .
St. Mark's, Fairfax Road .
134
5
44
20
185
16
150
27
91
196
194
79
410
217
388
132
272
114
13
276
276
47
101
131
45
649
521
105
1,059
217
909
237
Total ....
209
378
560
1,147
399
599
277
1,275
2,422
BAPTIST CHURCH
Church Road
107
109 101
317
152
210
143
505
822
WESLEYAH" METHODIST CHURCH
Hampton Road .
31
29
34 94
34 61
22
117
211
Jj'KEE EPISCOPAT. CHURCH
Christ Church, Station Road 81
112
185
378
113
252
79
444
822
SALVATION ARMY
Queen's Road
2
5 1
8
6
19
7
32
40
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Sacred Heart, Kingston Rd.
49
104
50 203
19
53
16
88 291
OTHER SERVICES
London City Miss., Queen's
Road
Gaspel Mission, Ful well Rd.
7
25
14
50
7
51
28
126
28
126
Total ....
...
32
64
58
154
154
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATTON"
A
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
. Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total
Cliurch of England
Baptist Church
\yesleyan Meth. Churcli
Free Episcopal Church .
Salvation Army .
Roman Catholic Church
Other Services
209
107
31
81
2
49
378
109
29
112
5
104
...
560
101
34
185
1
50
1,147
317
94
378
8
203
399
152
34
113
6
19
32
599
210
61
252
19
53
64
277
143
22
79
7
16
58
1,275
505
117
444
32
88
154
2,422
822
211
822
40
291
154
Grand Totals .
479
737 931
2,147
755
1,258
602
2,615
4,762
374
District of Hampton
CHURCH OF
ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
for the
Day.
St. Mary's, Thames Street .
St. James', Park Road
Chapel Royal, Hampton Ct.
46
112
45
62
137
91
74
118
21
182
367
157
82
82
55
164
167
99
47
77
30
293
326
184
475
693
341
Total ....
203
290
213
706
219
430
154
803
1,509
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
High Street, Hampton Hill
28
79
134
20
48
33
101
235
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
High Street .
12
50
14
26
14
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
54
125
Wolsey Road
12
26
43
10
13
30
73
DENOMINATIONAL
TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
Congregational Church
Wesleyan Meth. Church
Primitive Meth. Church
203
28
9
12
290
27
12
5
213
79
.50
26
706
134
71
43
219
20
14
7
430
48
. 26
10
154
33
14
13
803
101
54
30
1,509
235
125
73
Grand Totals .
252
334
368
954
260
514
214
988
1,942
District of Hampton Wick
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women. Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
St. John's, Church Grove .
79
117 1 77
273
96
192
69
357
630
BAPTIST CHURCH
Assembly Rooms, Park Rd.
13 27
27
DENOMINATIONAL
TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
Baptist Church
79
117
77
273
96
6
192
8
69
13
;357
27
630
27
Grand Totals .
79 I 117
77
273
102
200
82
384
657
375
District of East and West Molesey
CHURCH OP ENGLAND *
MORNING. !
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
St. Paul's, Palace Road
St. Mary the A^'irgin, Church
Road
35
50
72
115
80
134
187
299
38
65
92
205
38
88
168
358
355
657
Total ....
85
187
214
486
103
297
126
526
1,012
West Molesey Pari-sh Church was closed for repairs on day of Census.
BAPTIST CHURCH
Walton Road
12
14
23
35
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Manor Road .
26
30
78 134
43
64
43 150
284
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
DENOMINATION.
Men.
Women.
Cbldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Church of England . 85
Baptist Church . . | 6
Wesleyan Meth. Church I 26
187
6
30
214
"78
486
12
134
103
7
43
297
14
64
126
2
43
526
23
150
1,012
35
284
Grand Totals. .i 117
223
292
632
153
375
171
699
1,331
376
District of Wimbledon
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING. 1
EVENING. !
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total, j
Day.
iSt. Mary's ....
107
130
39
276
221
383
76
680
956
All Saints', Herbert Road .
60
52
180
292
79
194
114
387
679
Holy Trinity, Merton Road
89
99
101
289
78
196
89
363
652
Emmanuel, Ridgway .
118
318
105
541
114
287
22
423
964
Christ Church, Copse HiU .
79
177
56
312
52
214
62
328
640
St. John the Baptist's, Spen-
cer Hill . . . .
85
169
51
305
68
109
26
203
508
St. Mark's, Alexander Road
85
125
123
333
89
213
66
368
701
St. Matthew's, Durham Rd.
27
35
27
89
32
72
52
156
245
St. Andrew's, Herbert Road
13
31
32
76
19
49
34
102
178
St. Peter's, Haydon's Road .
23
31
91
145
31
76
68
175
320
Total ....
686
1,167
805
2,658
783
1,793
609
3,185
5,843
BAPTIST CHURCH
Queen's Road
157
165
153
475
214
453
229
896
1,371
Merton Road
34
43
25
102
51
76
8
135
237
Haydon's Road .
22
15
47
84 :
32
56
72
160
244
Norman Road
17
16
28
61 i
15
37
28
80
141
Old Baptist, Durham Road .
8
9
1
18
13
13
3
29
47
Total ....
238
248
254
740
325
635
340
1,300
2,040
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Worple Road . . . 1 120
Christ Church, Alwyn Road ! 59
Dundonald Road Hall . . 2
128 74
58 40
2 55
322
157
59
158
101
12
239
145
32
45
57
25
442
303
69
764
460
128
Total .... 181
188 169
538
271
416
127
814
1,352
WESLEYAN METHOBIST CHURCH
Worple Road
Worple Road, Raynes Park
73
44
88
43
86
110
247
197
96
70
167
118
72
124
335
312
582
509
Total ....
117
131
196
444
166
285
196
647
1,091
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Quicks Road .
16
17
43
76
31
42 ! 19
92
168
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Mansel Road
61 i 62 21 I 144
377
63
14
153
297
378
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
BRETHREN
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women. Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Central Hall, 37, Worple Rd.
Haydon Hall, North Road .
Room, Cross Road
Room, 43, High Street
22
8
17
5
24 3
9
12 12
9 8
49
17
41
22
19
19
20
8
50
30
30
12
<
32
16
18
76
81
66
58
125
98
107
60
Total ....
52
54 23
129
66
122
73
261
390
SALVATION ARMY
Kingston Road .
42
22
54 118
135 195 300 630
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Sacred Heart, Darleston Rd.
St. Mary's, Russell Road .
243
40
505
82
181
79
929
201
168 160
10 19
79
109
407
138
1,336
339
Total ....
283
587 260
1,130
178 179
188
545
1,675
OTHER SERVICES
Second Adventiats' Hall,
Broadway ....
10
2
24
'M
20
23
6
49
85
London City Mission, 16,
Thornton Road.
7
28
11
46
46
London City Mission, 58,
Hartfield Road .
8
32
n
49
49
Mission, Russell Road .
12
13
23
48
18
19
21
58
106
Total ....
22
15
47
84
53
102
47
202
286
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DRKOAfTVATTOV
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total
Church of England
Baptist Church .
Congregational Church
Wesleyan Meth. Church
Primitive Meth. Church
Presbyterian Church .
Brethren
Salvation Army .
Roman Catholic Church
Other Services
686
238
181
117
16
61
52
42
283
22
1,167
248
188
131
17
62
54
22
587
15
805
254
169
196
43
21
23
54
260
47
2,658
740
538
444
76
144
129
118
1,130
84
783
325
271
166
31
63
66
135
178
53
1,793
635
416
285
42
76
122
195
179
102
609
340
127
196
19
14
73
300
188
47
3,185
1,300
814
647
92
153
261
630
545
202
5,843
2,040
1,352
1,091
168
297
390
748
1,675
286
Grand Totals .
1,698
2,491
1,872
6,061
2,071
3,845
1,913
7,829
13,890
District of Surbiton
CHURCH OP ENOLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
St. Mark's, Victoria Road .
92
174
79
345
82
260
60
402
747
St. Andrew's, Maple Road .
81
200
134
415
64
192
37
293
708
Christ Church, King Charles
Road
66
169
57
292
55
149
64
268
560
St. Matthew's, Kingsdown
Road
86
166
78
330
117
372
195
684
1,014
St. Paul's, Hook .
36
37
63
136
68
110
83
261
397
Total ....
361
746
411
1,518
386
1,083
439
1,908
3,426
Church of England Mission
St. Matthew's.Red Lion Lane
18
24
30
72
72
BAPTIST CHURCH
Oakhill Road
Balaclava Road Hall .
20
25
42
37
24
20
86
82
28 77
35 63
25
26
130
124
216
206
Total ....
45
79
44
168
63
140
51
254
422
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Surbiton Park, Maple Road I 52
56
112
220
36
75
24
135
355
WESiiEYAN METHODIST
CHURCH
EweU Road .
Hook .
51 63 88
202
102
3
191
5
103
6
396
14
598
14
Total .
51 03
88
202
105
196
109
410
612
DENOMINATIONAL
TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
DENOMINATION.
Men.
Women. Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
„ „ Mission
Baptist Church
Congregational Church,
Wesleyan Meth. Church
361
45
52
51
746
"79
56
63
411
44
112
88
1,518
168
220
202
386
18
63
36
105
1,083
24
140
75
196
439
30
51
24
109
1,908
72
254
135
410
3,426
72
422
355
612
Grand Totals .
509
944
655
2,108
608
1,518
653
2,779
4,887
379
District of Esher and the Dittons
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
St. Mary's, Church Road .
66
113
77
256
102
234
113
449
705
Christ Church, Esher .
88
138
70
296
82
187
73
342
038
West End Church, Esher .
6
22
5
33
33
Holy Trinity, Claygate
22
35
58
115
65
105
79
249
364
St. Nicholas', Thames Ditton
25
65
37
127
38
113
38
189
316
All Saints', Weston Green
13
23
32
68
! 23
70
37
130
198
Total ....
214
374
274
862
316
731
345
1,392
2,254
BAPTIST CHURCH
Park Road, Esher
Ebenezer, Claygate
?
12 i 3
6 15
24
28
12
6
25 \ 9
12 1 32
46
50
70
78
Total ....
16 18 18
52
18
37 j 41
96
148
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Thames Ditton
21
8 14 43 21 30 11 62 105
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Wolsey Road, Esher .
8
9
1
18
12
16
^i
35
53
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Providence PI. , Long Ditton
2
4
6
12 8
7
4
19
31
NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH
Weston Green
4
1
8 13
10
19
28
57
70
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS
Meeting House, Claremont
Lane, Esher
1 7 ...
8
8
OTHER SERVICES
Mission Hall, Providence
Place, Long Ditton .
5 12 14 31
11 32
4
47
78
380
GREATER LONDON— ESHER AND THE DITTONS 381
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
Church of England . 214
Baptist Church . . 16
Congregational Church . j 21
Wesleyan Meth. Church ! 8
Primitive Meth. Church ; 2
New Jerusalem Church ! 4
Society of Friends . ; 1
Other Services . . 5
Grand Totals . .271
MORNING.
Men. Women. Chldrn. Total
374
18
8
9
4
1
7
12
433
274
18
14
1
6
8
14
862
52
43
18
12
13
8
31
335 1,039
EVENING.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
316
731
345
1,392
18
37
41
96
21
30
11
62
12
16
7
35
8
7
4
19
10
19
28
57
11
32
4
47
i 396
872
440
1,708
Total
for the
Day.
2,254
148
105
53
31
70
8
78
District of Maiden and Coombe
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
for the
Day.
St. John's, Old Maiden
Christ Church, New Maiden
35
109
50
172
27
140
112
421
81
155
124
342
77
154
282
651
394
1,072
Total ....
144
222
167 '
533
236
466
231
933
1,466
Church of England Missions
Christ Church, Kingston Rd.
1 14
34
34
82
82
BAPTIST CHURCH
liinffston Road
37 37 I 51 125 44 73 54 171 296
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Maiden Road
41
54 54 149 64 92 62 218 367
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Coombe Road
31
27
42
100
47
64
51
162
262
FREE EPISCOPAL CHURCH
Trinity, New Maiden
11
38
15
21
43
81
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
Church of England
„ „ Missions
Baptist Church
ConOTegational Church.
Wesleyan Meth. Church
Free Episcopal Church
Grand Totals .
MORNING.
EVENING. 1
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
144
222
167
533
236
466
231
933
...
14
34
34
82
37
37
51
125
44
73
64
171
41
54
54
149
64
92
62
218
31
27
42
100
47
64
51
162
4
11
23
38
7
15
21
43
257
351
337
945
412
744
453
1,609
Total
for the
Day.
1,466
82
296
367
262
81
2,554
Borough of Croydon
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHUBCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
St. John the Baptist's,
Church Street .
258
558
187
1,003
425
848
165
1,438
2,441
St. Matthew's, George Street
St. Luke's, Portland Road .
200
505
90
795
240
545
38
823
1,618
41
88
111
240
37
111
88
236
476
Holy Ti'iuity, Selhurst Rd. .
St. Saviour's, Campbell Rd.
74
114
152
340
85
200
111
396
736
107
297
220
624
164
348
227
739
1,363
St. Mark's, Albert Street .
78
207
239
524
111
241
99
451
975
St. Peter's, St. Peter's Road
49
163
104
316
54
137
49
240
556
All Saints', Beulah Hill .
119
302
176
597
89
136
98
322
919
St. Andrew's, Southbridge
Road
102
269
258
629
106
351
56
513
1,142
Holy Innocents', Selhurst
Road. . . . .
73
236
47
366
81
260
48
389
745
St. John the Evangelist's,
Shirley ....
65
87
104
256
74
102
51
227
483
St. Martin's, Morland Road
34
56
112
202
52
97
135
284
486
St. Margaret's, Chevening
Road
46
113
63
222
37
107
30
174
396
Christ Church, Sumner Rd.
68
134
96
298
54
114
44
212
510
St. Michael and All Angels',
Poplar Walk .
156
359
130
636
131
391
87
609
1,244
St. Paul's, Thornton Heath
83
173
270
526
76
190
95
361
887
St. Alban's, Thornton Heath
97
226
96
419
85
322
77
484
903
St. James', St. James' Road
94
154
146
394
99
235
113
447
841
St. Mary Magdalene's, Can-
ning ftoad ....
81
188
120
389
64
149
60
273
662
St. Augustine's, S. Croydon
95
163
193
451
248
491
181
920
1,371
Emmanuel, Normanton Rd.
92
180
127
399
79
144
65
288
687
St. John the Evangelist's,
Auckland Road.
184
398
90
672
189
411
48
648
1,320
St. Philip's, Norbury .
32
54
48
134
33
47
50
130
264
Tot.al ....
2,228
5,024
3,169
10,421
2,613
5,976
2,015
10,604
21,025
Church, of England Missions
St. Luke's, Princess Road .
11
15
77
103
22
90
94
206
309
St. Andrew's, Old Town
32
,32
.32
96
96
St. Hugh's, Drummond Rd.
13
25
35
73
73
Christ Church Hall, Purley
20
16
2
38
38
St. Stephen's, Thornton
Heath ....
11
61
74
146
146
St. George's, South Norwood
30
108
100
238
238
Holy Trinity, Lahore Road
St. Matthew's, Cross Road .
3
1
139
143
11
17
41
69
212
11
2
103
116
30
98
54
182
298
Pitlake Mission, Cornwall
Road
8
11
72
91
13
38
46
97
188
Welcome Hall, Scarsbrook
Road
34
36
211
281
203
392
107
702
983
Stanley Grove
Good Shepherd, Union Rd.
19
45
96
160
57
133
107
297
457
1
3
80
84
3
15
24
42
126
St. Alban's, Thornton Heath
4
2
150
156
156
Total ....
91
115
928
1,134
445
1,025
716
2,186
3,320
382
GREATER LONDON— CROYDON
383
BAPTIST CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
510
Day.
Providence, West Street
188
202
45
435
204
254
52
945
Beulah, Thornton Heath
49
63
243
356
60
110
27
197
552
Salem, Windmill Road
9
11
/
27
14
23
4
41
68
Tamworth Road .
51
54
48
153
53
100
16
169
322
Derby Road ....
40
44
94
178
42
62
21
125
303
West Croydon Tabernacle .
Brighton Road
215
301
92
608
248
565
224
1,037
1,645
64
91
110
265
53
118
30
201
466
Morland Road
6
3
19
28
16
23
25
64
92
Croham Road
I 52
60
44
156
45
74
17
136
292
Woodeide Chapel .
34
31
67
132
36
69
29
134
266
Central Hill.
50
84
15
149
149
Holmeedale Road, Norwood
57
77
58
192
67
129
1 25
221
413
Total . . . .
815
1,021
842
2,678
838
1,527
470
2,835
5,513
Baptist Missions
Boston Road
Pawsom Road
Selhurst Place
2
6
2
1
1
1
66
87
3
69 1
94
6
27
22
66
74
9
119
91
6
212
187
18
281
281
24
Total ....
10
3
156
169
52
149
216 1
417
586
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Salem Pump Pail .
George Street
London Road
Canning Road
Trinity, Dingwall Roatl
Aberdeen Road .
St. Aubyn's, Norwood.
Godstone Road .
Selhurst Road
Thornton Heath .
Stanger Road, S. Norwood ,
Westbrook Road .
Total .
11
25
37
73 ,
23
40
28
91
164
156
248
299
703 i
206
339
52
597
1,300
90
115
258
463
72
196
27
295
758
59
114
42
215
63
101
35
199
414
. ! 30
47
13
90
35
52
6
93
183
39
51
48
138
42
49
6
97
235
. ' 121
265
146
522
120
303
87
510
1,032
36
46
38
120
35
54
23
112
232
50
69
46
164
61
90
19
170
334
68
86
58
212
72
107
55
234
446
40
62
58
160
79
119
43
241
401
3
3
65
71
34
69
57
160
231
703
1,121
1,107
2,931
842
1,519
438
2,799
5,730
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
London Road
112
137
220
469
261
443
194
898
1,367
Thornton Heath .
70
63
55
188
87
116
69
272
460
Lower Addiscombe Road .
64
92
133
289
57
105
34
196
485
Brighton Road .
47
60
30
137
44
63
25
132
269
Burdett Road
29
28
48
105
39
50
40
129
234
Woodside Green .
14
10
29
53
13
11
42
66
119
South Norwood Hill .
141
206
171
518
191
352
118
661
1,179
Total . . . .
477
596
686
1,759
692
1,140
522
2,354
4,113
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
MoffattRoad
Old Town ....
47
12
49
13
51
12
147
37
56
14
84
18
56
16
196
48
343
85
Total . .
59
62
63
184
70
102
72
244
428
384
THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
PRIMITIVE METHODIST
CHURCH
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for tbe
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Cherry Orchard Road .
Portland Road
Woodville Road .
Land Street .
34
8
35
41
118
37
4
17
37
95
94
21
.56
7
165
33
108
85
50
9
30
48
51
19
34
72
43
21
30
26
144
49
94
146
309
82
202
231
Total .
178
391
137
176
120
433
824
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
St. George's, Oakfield Road
St. Andrew's, Westow Street
St. Paul's, Croham Road
St. George's Mission .
New Town Mission
Total . . . .
51
85
20
156
39
82
14
135
73
128
51
252
56
136
14
206
71
109
24
204
60
87
3
150
31
94
67
192
18
22
56
96
20
26
10
56
213
344
151
708
206
425
108
739
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS
Meeting House, Park Lane .
65
68
26
159
21
29
50
BRETHREN
Lower Coombe Street .
58
89
31
178
65
127
26
218
396
Denmark Road .
28
32
34
94
50
69
117
236
330
29, London Road .
42
53
15
110
29
58
19
106
216
Lower Addiscombe Road .
22
24
100
146
36
62
56
154
300
Fairfield Hall .
22
33
11
66
25
26
10
61
127
Leslie Park Road.
11
27
6
44
8
19
9
36
80
Park Road, Norwood .
27
55
12
94
39
73
23
135
229
Clifton HaU.
11
14
2
27
9
24
19
.52
79
Strathmore Road .
31
33
25
89
20
39
26
85
174
GillettRoad.
9
14
7
30
13
31
24
68
98
96, Leighton Street East .
4
9
53
66
66
Total ....
261
374
243
878
298
537
382
1,217
2,095
UNITARIAN
CHURCH
Wellesley Road .
Dennett Hall
44
50
6
100
73
9
76
10
19
8
168
27
268
27
Total ....
44
50
6
100
82
86
27
195
295
SALVATION ARMY
Citadel, Elis David Road .
44
28
54
126
147
203
147
497
623
Cobden Road
9
9
53
71
28
39
50
117
188
High St., Thornton Heath .
29
9
53
91
50
80
78
208
299
Bynes Road ....
9
13
10
32
10
20
23
53
85
Grace Road ....
8
5
13
26
11
19
12
42
68
Carberry Road .
31
53
41
125
59
126
98
283
408
Total ....
130
117
224
471
305
487
408
1,200
1,671
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Marys, Wellesley Road
Faithful Virgin, Central Hill
294
178
473 420
312 488
1,187
978
101
44
204
166
158
436
463
646
1,650
1,624
Total ....
472
785
908
2,165
145
370
594
1,109
3,274
GREATER LONDON— CROYDON
386
OTHER SERVICES
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
CHURCH.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Holiness Mission, Gloucester
Road
17
20
17
54
21
25
27
73
127
28, Old Town
7
7
1
15
10
7
17
32
Thornton Heath .
24
23
61
110
51
94
53
198
308
Temperance Hall, Mint Wlk.
12
3
71
86
105
135
47
287
373
Temperance Hall, RoUe-
1
stone Road
10
30
61
101
101
London City Mission, Port-
land Road ....
...
33
r.9
33
125
129
London City Mission, Glou-
cester Road
10
31
31
72
72
London City Mission, Cairo
Road
22
58
38
118
118
Railway Miss., W. Croydon
71
101
43
215
215
Gospel Hall, Wilford Road.
9
26
62
97
97
Lighthouse Mission, Wil-
ford Road ....
22
27
13
62
62
80
57
6
143
143
Love Lane, South Norwood
...
8
10
15
33
33
Croydon Ethical Society
16
24
3
43
...
43
Haling Road Hall
12
16
120
i 148
104
216
115
435
.583
Total ....
88
95
273
456
556
876
544
1,976
2,432
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
2,228
5,024
3,169
10,421
2,613
5,976
2,015
10,604
21,025
„ „ Missions
91
115
928
1,134
445
1,025
716
2,186
3,320
Baptist Church
815
1,021
842
2,678
838
1,527
470
2,835
5,513
„ Missions .
10
3
156
169
52
149
216
417
586
Congregational Church .
703
1,121
1,107
2,931
842
1,519
438
2,799
5,730
Wesleyan Meth. Church
477
596
686
1,759
692
1,140
522
2,354
4,113
U. Meth. Free Church .
59
62
63
184
70
102
72
244
428
Primitive Meth. Church
118
95
178
391
137
176
120
433
824
Presbyterian Church .
213
344
151
708
206
425
108
7.39
1,447
Society of Friends
65
68
26
159
21
29
...
50
209
Brethren
261
374
243
878
298
537
382
1,217
2,095
Unitarian Church .
44
50
6
100
82
86
27
195
295
Salvation Army .
130
117
224
471
305
487
408
1,200
1,671
Roman Catholic Church
472
785
908
2,165
145
370
594
1,109
3,274
Other Services
88
95
273
456
556
876
544
1,976
2,432
Grand Totals .
5,774
9,870
8,960
24,604
7,302
14,424
6,632
28,358
52,962
25
Rural District of Croydon
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
St. Mary's, Addington
27
27
55
109
36
35
34
105
214
St. Mary the Virgin, Merton
156
236
173
565
117
168
68
353
918
St. Saviour's, Raynes Park .
19
52
104
175
20
62
23
105
280
St. Lawrence's, Morden
25
36
35
96
14
21
11
46
142
Christ Church, Mitcham
89
97
121
307
101
200
77
378
685
St. Peter and St. Paul's,
Mitcham ....
91
127
138
356
93
129
126
348
704
St. Mark's, Mitcham .
75
121
86
282
213
279
51
543
825
All Saints', Beddiugton
Corner ....
21
15
37
73
20
47
38
105
178
St. Mary the Virgin,
Beddington
98
137
56
291
142
200
33
375
666
St. Michael's, Bandon Hill .
58
107
78
243
44
118
65
227
470
Holy Trinity, Wallington .
82
161
121
364
62
140
49
251
615
Total ....
741
1,116
1,004
2,861
862
1,399
575
2,836
5,697
Church of England Missions
St. Mary's, Addington Hills
St. Mary's, Merton
Rock Terrace, Mitcham
"l6
"14
"27
"57
7
20
6
8
50
27
13
34
64
28
104
97
28
161
97
Total ....
16
14
27
57
33
85
111
229
286
BAPTIST CHURCH
Crown Road, Morden .
8
9
26
43
25
45
63
133
176
London Road
9
9
29
47
27
38
40
105
152
Clarendon Grove, Mitcham.
18
16
17
51
25
33
8
66
117
"Lonesome"
23
50
31
104
104
Queen's Road, Wallington .
62
io2
94
258
90
155
35
280
538
Shirley Hills
10
8
12
30
30
Total ....
97
136
166
399
200
329
189
718
1,117
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Morden Road, Merton.
Zion, Mitcham .
6
15
2
11
26
25
34
51
9
23
8
33
28
17
45
73
79
124
Total ....
21
13
51
85
32
41
45
118
203
WESLEYAN METHODIST
CHURCH
Clyde Road, Wallington
High Street, Merton .
31
32
61
25
51
81
143
138
32
28
68
48
17
40
117
116
260
254
Total ....
63
86
132
281
60
116
57
233
514
38G
GEEATEE, LONDON— CROYDON
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCH
387
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
15
38
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
71
166
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
High Street, Collier's Wood
East Side, Mitcham Green .
16
52
40
76
33
54
41
75
65
53
139
182
210
348
Total ....
53
68
116
237
87
116
118
321
558
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
Woodcote Road, Wallington 54
99
60
213
54
102
24
180
393
BRETHREN
Gosi)el Hall, Beddington
Corner ....
Ross Road, Wallington
Clifton Road, WalUngton .
11
26
35
9 100
30 10
45 27
120
66
107
10
24
30
12
35
49
9
13
21
31
72
100
151
138
207
Total ....
72
84 137
293
64
96
43
203
496
SALVATION ARMY
Gladstone Road, Mitcham
10
17
23
17
10
50
67
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Peter and St. Paul's,
Mitcham ....
59
69
183
19
21
67
250
OTHER SERVICES
Hope Mission Hall, Merton
Masonic Hall, Merton .
Coleville Mission, Collier's
Wood ....
70
3
41
6
30
6
141
15
59
34
12
134
47
17
89
5
7
282
86
36
423
86
51
Total ....
73
47
36
156
105
198
101
404
560
DENOMINATIONAL
TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
DENOMINATION.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
741
1,116
1,004
2,861
862
1,399
575
2,836
5,697
„ „ Missions
16
14
27
57
33
85
111
229
286
Baptist Church .
97
136
166
399
200
329
189
718
1,117
Congregational Church.
21
13
51
85
32
41
45
118
203
Wesleyan Meth. Church
63
86
132
281
60
116
57
233
514
U. Meth. Free Church .
53
68
116
237
87
116
118
321
558
Presbyterian Church .
54
99
60
213
54
102
24
180
393
Brethren
72
84
137
293
64
96
43
203
496
Salvation Army .
10
3
4
17
23
17
10
50
67
Roman Catholic Church
59
69
55
183
19
27
21
67
250
Other Services
73
47
36
156
105
198
101
404
560
Grand Totals .
1,259
1,735
1,788
4,782
1,539
2,526
1,294
5,359
10,141
District of Penge
CHURCH OF ENGLAIirD
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Christ Church, Franklin Rd
38
35
35
108
43
76
35
154
262
Holy Trinity, Anerley Rd.
Anerley
92
132
90
314
84
112
29
225
539
St. John the Evangelist's
Beckenhani Road
128
13G
134
398
100
139
61
300
698
St. Paul's, Hamlet Road
Anerley
97
229
16
342
53
163
50
266
608
Total .
355
532
275
1,162
280
490
175
945
2,107
Church of England Missions
St. John's Parochial Hall,
Maple Road
51
125
55
231
231
Holy Trinity Mission, Mel-
vin Road ....
10
27
86
123
123
Christ Church Miss., Green
Lane
4
1
51
56
4
18
8
30
86
Total ....
4
1
51
56
65
170
149
384
440
BAPTIST CHURCH
Baptist Tabernacle
138 172 133 443 159 287 56 502 945
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Anerley Road, Anerley . 92
106 62
260
99
122
21 242
502
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Station Road, Anerley
128
117 108
353
178
211
74
463
816
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Mosslea Road, Penge
28 18 23 69 33 52 31 116 185
NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH
^Valdegrave Road, Anerley 13 16 10 39 17 29 2 48 87
388
GREATER LONDON— PENGE
BRETHREN
389
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women, j Chldrn.
Total.
Green Lane Hall, Penge .
22
21
13
56
20
17 10
47
103
SALVATION ARMY
Citadel, Maple Road .
75
43 I 63 181 141 229 171 541
722
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Holy Child and St. Anthony
of Padua, Genoa Road
60
107
21".)
16 I 35 15
66 285
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn. 1 Total.
Church of England
„ „ Missions
Baptist Church .
Congregational Church
Wesleyan Meth. Church
Primitive Meth. Church
New Jerusalem Church
Brethren
Salvation Army .
Roman Catholic Church
355
4
138
92
128
28
13
22
75
60
532
1
172
106
117
18
16
21
43
107
275
51
133
62
108
23
10
13
63
52
1,162
56
443
260
353
69
39
56
181
219
280
65
159
99
178
33
1 17
• 20
141
16
490
170
287
122
211
52
29
17
229
35
175
149
56
21
74
31
2
10
171
15
945
384
502
242
463
116
48
47
541
66
2,107
440
945
502
816
185
87
103
722
285
Grand Totals .
915
1,133
790
2,838
1,008
1,642
704
3,354
6,192
District of Beckenhani
CHURCH OP ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Clirist Church
92
198
60
350
95
223
40
358
708
iH. Barnabas', Oakwood Av.
37
65
62
164
30
59
33
122
286
St. George's, High Street .
132
227
128
487
1 139
268
46
453
940
St. Paul's, New Beckenham
84
124
53
261
1 49
60
13
122
383
Holy Trinity, Cator Road .
149
293
128
570
286
495
61
842
; 1,412
St. Mai-y's, Shortlands
82
134
Ol
273
34
56
28
118
1 391
St. James', Elmer's End
18
28
43
89
14
29
23
66
1 155
St. Michael and All Angels',
Ravenscroft Road .
88
129
156
373
69
164
61
294
667
Total ....
682
1,198
687
2,567
716
1,354
305
2,375
4,942
Church of England Missions
Holy Trinity, Mosslea Road
St. George's, Artliur Road .
St. Mary's, Shortlands
Total . . . .
2
22
24
14
40
15
69
7
3
47
57
26
52
45
123
12
18
84
114
9
3
69
81
52
110
144
306
93
180
114
387
BAPTIST CHURCH
Elm Road
105
145
338
159
275
35
469
807
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Crescent Road
Langley Road, Elmer's End
96
31
137
15
132
42
365
88
94
44
110
68
10
41
214
153
579
241
Total ....
127
152
174
453
138
178
51
367
820
Congregational Mission
Shortlands
34
36
14
34
15
63
99
Bromley Road
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
31
54
30
115
29
57
5
91
206
BRETHREN
Public Hall, High Street
Clock House Hall
Total .
16
3
11
7
1
28
10
19
9
34
25
4
57
40
19
18
1
38
28
59
10
97
390
85
50
135
GEEATER LONDON— BECKENHAM
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
39X
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Church of the Transfigura-
tion, Wickham Road
21
44
5
70
11
16
27
97
OTHER SERVICES
Mission Hall, Arthur Road
Old Beckenham Mission,
Bromley Road .
25
21
32
30
56
8
113
59
113
59
Total ....
46
62
64
172
172
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Church of England
„ „ Missions
Baptist Church
Congregational Church
„ Mission
Wesleyan Meth. Church
Brethren
Koman Catholic Church
Other Services
682
9
105
127
1
31
19
21
1,198
3
145
152
1
54
18
44
687
69
88
174
34
30
1
5
2,567
81
338
453
36
115
38
70
716
52
159
138
14
29
28
11
46
1,354
110
275
178
34
57
59
16
62
305
144
35
51
15
5
10
*64
2,375
306
469
367
63
91
97
27
172
4,942
387
807
820
99
206
135
97
172
Grand Totals .
995
1,615
1,088
3,698
1,193
2,145
629
3,967
7,665
District of Bromley
CHURCH OP ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING,
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldvn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Parish Church, Church Road
192
300
127
619
278
550
70
898
1,517
St. Mark's, Westmoreland
Road
54
105
90
249
44
79
35
158
407
St. John's, Park Road .
66
137
120
323
86
227
43
356
679
St. Luke's, Bromley Common
85
129
245
459
101
154
40
295
754
Holy Trinity, Bromley
Common ....
54
47
82
183
49
72
42
163
346
St. George's, Bickley .
78
132
108
318
58
99
42
199
517
Christ Church, Bromley Pk.
41
30
9
80
18
39
10
67
147
St. Mary's, College Road .
106
234
97
437
105
151
32
288
725
Total ....
676
1,114
878
2,668
739
1,371
314
2,424
5,092
Church of England Missione
Widmore Mission, Nightin-
gale Lane ....
12
24
129
165
40
61
40
141
306
Parish Institute, St. Mary's,
Plaistow ....
...
34
80
56
170
170
jNIission Room, Farwig Lane
6
13
17
36
36
Christ Church Hall, High-
land Road
1
1
54 56
56
Total ....
13
25
183 221
80
154
113
347
568
BAPTIST CHURCH
Park Road ....
Gravel Road, Bromley Com-
mon
College Slip, Bromley .
51
13
10
103
14
12
81
19
1
235
46
23
81
18
14
169
32
25
128
2
2
378
52
41
613
98
64
Total ....
74
129
101
304
113
226
132
471
775
Baptist Mission
Salisbury Road, Bromley
Common ....
3
3
58 64
10
10
21
41
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Widmore Road
190
250
46
486
150
211
24
385
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
High Street .
Tylney Road
Total .
43
35
78
130
44
80
175
157
48
47
79
96
6
58
133
201
124
332
95
175
64
334
392
GREATER LONDON— BROMLEY
393
Wesleyan Methodist Missions
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Tota).
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Farwig Lane
Keston
57
3
83
5
166
36
306
44
64
7
212
13
44
5
320
25
626
69
Total ....
60
88
202
350
71
225
49
345
695
PBIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Bloomfield Road
31
27
46
104
33
22
62
166
PRESBYTERIAM" CHURCH
Freeland's Road
60
110
37
207
76
156
19 251
458
BRETHREN
Hall, East Street .
Hall, Freeland's Grove
Hall, Sherman's Road .
Total .
35
54
20
10
30
6
46
42
21
26
4
51
35
8
12
20
97
39
68
10
117
66
93
55
214
SALVATION ARMY
Hall, Walter's Yard, High
Street . . . .
23
18
19
60
48
53
107
167
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Joseph's, Plaistow Lane
33
15
136
14
41
177
OTHER SERVICES
Iron Room, Great Elm Road
London City Mission, Chat-
terton Road
4
3
8
4
59
92
71
99
56 49
18 43
15
39
120
100
191
199
Total ....
7
12
151
170
74
92
54
220
390
DENOMINATIONAL
TOTALS
DENOMINATION.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
fov the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldin.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Church of England
676
1,114
878
2,668
739
1,371
314
2,424
5,092
„ „ Missions
13
25
183
221
80
154
113
347
568
Baptist Church
74
129
101
304
113
226
132
471
775
„ Mission .
3
3
58
64
10
10
21
41
105
Congregational Church
Wesleyan Meth. Church
190
250
46
486
150
211
24
385
871
78
130
124
332
95
175
64
334
666
„ „ Missions
60
88
202
350
71
225
49
345
695
Primitive Meth. Church
31
27
46
104
33
22
7
62
166
Presbyterian Church .
60
110
37
207
76
156
19
251
458
Brethren
35
54
8
97
39
68
10
117
214
Salvation Army .
23
18
19
60
48
53
6
107
167
Roman Catholic Church
33
88
15
136
14
27
41
177
Other Services
7
12
151
170
74
92
54
220
390
Grand Totals .
1,283
2,048
1,868
5,199
1,542
2,790
813
5,145
10,344
District of Chislehurst
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
St. Nicholas'
Chribt Ch. , Lower Camden .
Church of the Annunciation,
West Chislehurst
St. John theBaptist's.Mill PI.
61
71
78
35
155
132
110
96
69
85
210
47
285
288
398
178
93
51
48
46
118
88
121
101
6
25
48
27
217
164
217
174
502
452
615
352
Total ....
245
493
411
1,149
238
428
106
772
1,921
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Chislehurst Common
52
59
54
165
54
92
18
164
329
SALVATION ARMY
White Horse Hill
10
8 21
21
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
St. Mary's, Crown Lane
20 35 14 69
20 89
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Day.
Church of England
Wesleyan Meth. Church
Salvation Army .
Roman Catholic Church
245
52
20
493
59
35
411
54
14
1,149
165
69
238
54
3
7
428
92
10
7
106
18
8
6
772
164
21
20
1,921
329
21
89
Grand Totals .
317
587
479
1,383
302
537
138
977
2,360
394
District of Enfield
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Day.
St. Andrew's, Market Place
69
174
216
459
142
268
82
492
951
St. Michael's, Chase Side .
44
52
142
238
60
100
60
220
458
St. John the Baptist's, Clay
Hill . . . . .
30
40
53
123
17
26
36
79
202
St. Luke's, Browning Road
54
80
194
328
113
261
173
547
875
Jesus' Church, Forty Hill .
St. James', Enfield Highway
51
47
131
229
45
48
30
123
352
39
65
82
186
112
169
145
426
612
St. MaryMagdalene's,Ridg-
way
111
244
141
496
141
284
19
444
940
Factory Church, Enfield
Lock
48
46
198
292
68
118
64
250
642
St. Matthew's, Ponder's End
45
42
147
234
47
102
78
227
461
St. Mark's, Bush Hill Park
84
88
234
406
115
161
254
530
936
St. George's, Enfield High-
way
43
66
78
187
122
171
76
369
556
Christ Church, Cockfosters
54
67
40
161
36
59
37
132
293
Total ....
672
1,011
1,656
3,339
1,018
1,767
1,054
3,839
7,178
Church of England Missions
St. Augustine's, Enfield
Highway ....
St. Andrew's, Bailey's Yard
St. Matthew's, Ponder's End
2
2
2
"l
146
"62
150
"'65
12 38
35 ! 67
33 58
31
39
13
81
141
104
231
141
169
Total ....
4
3
208
215
80 163
83
326
541
BAPTIST CHURCH
Tabernacle, London Road .
46
58
74
178
82 1
143
65
290
468
Providence, Putney Road,
;
Enfield Highway
8
12
2
22
12 1
11
5
28
50
Eden, Nag's Head Road,
!
Ponder's End .
9
/
2
18
8 ,
15
4
27
45
Tabernacle, Totteridge Rd. ,
Enfield Highway
63
85
61
209
80
116
47
243
452
Total ....
126
162
139
427
182
285
121
588
1,015
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH
Farringdon Avenue, Bush
Hill Park ....
27
18
53
98
43
82
87
212
310
Baker Street
16
21
32
69
17
37
21
75
144
Christ Church, Chase Side
118
169
81
368
116
167
73
356
724
High Street, Ponder's End .
48
52
70
170
74
79
43
196
366
White Webbs Park, Clay
Hill
18
17
19
54
17
21
29
67
121
Enfield Highway .
47
29
75
151
79
99
146
324
475
Total ....
274
306
330
910
346
485
399
1,230
2,140
395
396
THE EELIGIOUS LIFE OF LONDON
Congregational Missions
CHURCH.
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
for the
Day.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
Total.
Main Avenue, Bush Hill Pk.
Christ Church Mission Hall,
Lancaster Road
Archer's Mission Room,
Ponder's End .
8
6
2
2
3
150
93
45
160
99
50
47
25
73
31
75
38
195
94
160
294
144
Total ....
16
5
288
309
72
104
113
289
598
WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH
Chase Side ....
Ordnance Rd., Enfield Lock
South Street, Ponder's End
Total ....
60
67
36
163
76
68
29
173
34
39
190
263
43
61
57
161
21
16
32
69
30
42
35
107
115
122
258
495
149
171
121
441
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH
Chase Side .
45
34
89
168
61
84
63
208
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
St. Paul's, Chase Green
36
41
15
92
51
62
121
BRETHREN
Brigadier Hill
Gospel Hall, Enfield Wash
Gosjjel Hall, Silver Street .
Gospel Hall, Botany Bay .
Shirley Hall, Windmill Hill
24
15
12
10
41
10
10
18
6
21
6
8
16
3
12
40
33
46
19
74
42
24
22
9
37
45
31
27
15
42
16
36
13
5
25
103
91
62
29
104
143
124
108
48
178
Total ....
102
65
45
212
134
160
95
389
601
SALVATION ARMY
Hall, Seventh Avenue, Bush
Hill Park.
Hal] , South St. , Ponder's End
15
4
6
7
32
16
53
27
32
6
47
5
76
15
155
26
208
53
Total ....
19
13
48
80
38
52
91
181
261
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Our Lady and St. George,
London Road .
St. Mary's, Alma Road,
Ponder's End .
Total . . . .
67
75
79
221
21
24
28
73
25
21
30
76
1
3
30
34
92
96
109
297
22
27
58
107
OTHER SERVICES
Cecil Hall, Cecil Road
Goat Lane Mission, Forty
Hill
Latter-day Saints, Church-
bury Road
Total . . . .
77
89
70
236
125
194
50
369
'J
7
45
57
4
6
38
48
6
2
4
12
7
10
13
30
88
98
119
305
136
210
101
447
GEEATER LONDON— ENFIELD
397
DENOMINATIONAL TOTALS
MORNING.
EVENING.
Total
DENOMINATION.
Men.
Women.
Chldm.
Total.
Men.
Women.
Chldrn.
TotaL
Day.
Church of England
„ „ Missions
Baptist Church
Congregational Church
„ Missions
Wesleyan Meth. Church
Primitive Meth. Church
Presbyterian Church .
Brethren
Salvation Army .
Roman Catholic Church
Other Services
672
4
126
274
16
115
45
36
102
19
92
88
1,011
3
162
306
5
122
34
41
65
13
96
98
1,656
208
139
330
288
258
89
15
45
48
109
119
3,339
215
427
910 ;
309
495
168
92
212
80
297
305
1,018
80
182
346
72
149
61
51
134
38
22
136
1,767
163
285
485
104
171
84
62
160
52
27
210
1,054
83
121
399
113
121
63
8
95
91
58
101
3,839
326
588
1,230
289
441
208
121
389
181
107
447
7,178
541
1,015
2,140
598
! 936
376
213
601
j 261
404
752
Grand Totals .
1,589
1,956
3,304
6,849
2,289
3,570
2,307
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