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REMAINS OF ARABIC
IN THE
SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE
LANGUAGES.
WITH A
SKETCH BY WAY OF INTRODUCTION
OF THE
HISTORY OF SPAIN,
FROM THE
IJJ^VASION TO THE EXPULSION OF THE MOOUS»
ALSO
EXTRACTS FROM THE ORIGINAL LETTERS IN ARABIC
TO AND FROM DON MANOUEEL AND HIS
GOVERNORS IN INDIA AND AFRICA.
APPENDIX,
CONTAINING A
Specimen of the intkoduction to the
HITOPADESA translated INTO THREE LANGUAGES,
THE PRINCIPAL METRE OF WHICH IS THAT OF
THE SANSCRIT.
Y cfte nombre Albogues esMorifco, como lo I'on fodns arjueilos, que
en noftra lengua Caitellana comiengan eii al. D. Uviixotc, Part. iv.
Lib. viii. Cap. Ixvii.
By STEPHEN IVESTON, B. D, F. R. S, S, A.
.PRINTED BY S. ROUSSEAU, WOOD STREET, SPA FIELDS;
AND SOM) BY
f'AYNE, PAtL MALI. ; AND CLARK, NEW BOND STREET,
1810.
LOAN STACK
ABYEETISEMENT-
The introdudion to this Imall work is
intended to give a flight outline of the hiftory
of the Moors, from their invafion of Spain in
the beginning of the eighth century, to their
expuliion from it in the end of the fifteenth.
The paifage in the title from Cervantes
arofe from a queftion of Sancho, concerning
the word Albogues, whicli he had never be-
fore heard, or feen in all his life. Upon
which Don Quixote tells him that it is
an Arabic word, as all the words are in Spanifli
which begin with Al, and that there are only
three Arabic words in Spanifli which end in
I, and that they are, Bor9egui, Zaqui^ami.
and Maravedi, fince Aheli, and Alfaqui ar^^
known to be Arabic by their prefix. We
learn from Athenseus, p. 66. F. that there is
but one Greek word ending in I, and that is
fieXh honey, fince tcstts^I, xofxfxh Koi(pi, pep-
B per,
273
( ii )
perrgum, and koiphy, a confedlion ufed for
an antidote, are foreigners. Albogue for the
moil part means a pipe, or flute, made of
reeds joined together ; hard to blow, and of
a grating found, when ill-played ; like the
Ihepherd's in Virgil, Eclog. iii. 27.
** non tu in triviis indodle folebas
Stridenti miferum ftipula difperdere carmen;"
which Milton has admirably exprefled in a
word of his own,
** When they lift, their lean and flafhy fongs,
Grate on their fcrannel pipes of wretched llraw,**
In Don Quixote however, Albogues is ex-
plained to be brafs plates like flat candlefticks,
which, beat together, make a ruftic mufic,
fuch as provoked Hotfpur to fay,
** I iiad rather hcara brazen can*ftick turn*d.
Or a dry wheel grate on the axle-tree,**
Henry IV. Part i. Acftiii. Scene i.
INTRODUCTION.
INTmOBUCTION.
The Goths, who had driven the Romans
out of Spain, were, in their turn, put to flight
by the Saracens, whom Count Julien had
called in to revenge himfelf on Roderic, the
diflionourer of his daughter. The Chriftians of
Spain having fubmitted to the Moors, were
called Muzarabes, that is, Mefcehee-Arabes, or
Arabs of Meffiah, becaufe they retained their
own religious worfliip. Roderic was the lafl;
Gothic king in Spain, in 714, and Pelage, his
near relation, hid himfelf in the rocks of Aftu-
ria, and after three years concealment fallied
forth from his fanduary, Notre Dame deCova-
gonda, a grot amidft inacceflible rocks ; when
full of hope and ardent ieal, and followed by
numerous parti fans, he drove back the ufurpers,
who, unable to cut him off, entered into ne-
gociation, and fuffered him to enjoy a certain
diftrid, provided he paid them a fraall tribute
B 2 in
( iv )
in acknowledgement of their fuperiority as
chief Lords paramount of the Seigniory. In
procefs of time he was again infulted by the
Moors, whom he marched againft, and de-
feated in the year 716, and recovered whole
provinces, and was proclaimed King of Leon
and the Alturias, and reigned till 737, twenty
years, with an exemplary reputation for true
piety and determined courage ; without liber-
'tAn? tinum, and without luxury. This part of his
chara6ter may poffibly have been the reafon,
why Voltaire has refufed to call him a kins;.
It is, however, to him that the Chriltian
kings of Spain, owe the prefervation of tlie
title offovcreign; who, in after-times, once
more expelled the Moors under Philip the
Third. The llrength of the Chriftians wa«r
mightily augmented by the inteftine diviiions
of the Moors. In 745, Don Alonzo, the
Catholic fon-in-law to Pelagio, palFed the
mountains, and came upon the northern part
of Galicia, and in a lingle campaign, unop-
pofed by any great or commanding force,
conquered nearly the whole of .that province.
Next
( V )
Next year he attacked Leon and Caftille, and
reduced Aftorga, Leon, and Saldagna, befot«
the Moors could bring an equal force to cope
with him, and poffefled himfelf of Montes de
Oca, Amaya, and Alava, at the foot of the
mountains. The year after he pulhed on to-
wards Portugal, and ravaged the country as
far as Caftille ; but not being able to protefl:
his conquefts in the fiats, which he had fub-
dued, he burnt and laid wafte the plains, led
the Chriftians back to the mountains, and car-
ried off the Moors for flaves. Thus endom-
pafled by a defert of his own making he re-
mained quiet for fome years, and as he grew
ftronger he occupied the champaign country
by degrees, and rebuilt the cities he had de-
moliflied of Leon and Aftorgas. He died in
I^T y and was fucceeded by his fon, Don
Froila, who had partaken of his conquefts, and
fought by his fide. During his reign the Sa-
racens in Spain threw off* the yoke of the
Khalif, and Abderrahman, the viceroy, ren-
dered himfelf independent, and fixed the feat
jpf his government at Cordova. The confe-
B 3 quence
( vi )
quence was, that the divifions of the Moors
were fettled, but for all this Froila took their
general prifoner, and killed and routed 54,ooo
of them in a pitched battle, and then built
Oviedo, and made it his capital for the con-
venience of defending the level plains whicfi
he had begun to people. Abderrahman called
alfo Abderame, was captain general, and go-
vernor of Spain, for Hefcham Khalif, of the
irace of the Gmmiads, in the year 113 of the
Hejira, and 734 of our reckoning. It was
he that Charles Martel defeated near Poitiers
in 732, when the battle lalted a whole day,
and the flaughter of the Saracens w^s im-
menfe.
There are Arabic coins in fome cabinets
ftrucfc under the firil Emirs of Spain, and af-
terwards by Myfa fori of Nafir, or rather by
Alahor fon of Abderrahman Alfafak, (who
came from Hjfpalis, apd fettled at Corduba,)
from the year 100. Chr. 718, A, D. to Ab-
derrahman the Third, in the year 300, or 912
of Chrift.
Abderrahman fon of Moavic, and grand-
foi^
( vii )
fon of Hefcham Khalif, of the Ommiads, came
to Spain when he was twenty-eight years old,
in the 756th year of Jefus Chrift, when Al-
manfor was Khahf of Bagdat. This fugitive
prince was recognifed, and acknowledged by
the Arabs in the Weft to be the legitimate
Khalif, and reigned thirty-two years, and fome
months, and left his crown to his fon Hef-
cham, in the year 172 of the Hejira. It was
he that built the great Mof<|ue of Cordova in
170, and founded the monarchy which laftcd
till 33.5 or 946 of our Era. He was called
El Adel, the Juft : he left eleven fons and nine
daughters, according to Khondemir Ebn-
Amid, but the years and the dates differ in ,the
Spanifli Chronicle. Abderrahman fecond of the
name w^as the fon of Hakem, and grandfon
of Hefcham, and the fourth Khalif of Spain,
of the race of the Ommiads ; he reigned
thirty-one years, and died in 852, leaving
forty-five fons, and forty-tv\ o daughters. Un-
der his government the Mohammedans tplit
into vc^rious factions, and waged war with
one another. During thefe diforders the
B 4 Chriftians
( viii )
Chriftians retook Barcelona; but on order be-
ing reftored, Abderrahman conquered it again,
and with it the city of Valencia, which his
uncle had pcrfuaded to revolt againft him ;
he there chafed, and difperfed a fleet of Nor*
man fliips that came from Lifbon for the
purpofe of taking pofleiTion of Cadix and Se-
ville ; and having filenced his foreign enemies,
and appeafed his domellic broils, turned him^
fclf to the arts of peace, and paved the city
df Cordova, and brought water to it by a no-
ble and coftly aqueducft. There was alfo a
third Abderrahman, the eighth Khalif of the
fame family, that reigned nearly fixty years
in Spain. Ebn Amid tells us, that he wa^
the fon of Almondir, and was fu^named afte^
having been proclaimed Khalif, Nalfer-ledin-
illah. He fucceeded his brother Abdallah ir^
the sooth year of the Hegira. It was this
prince who firft took the title of the Com-
mander of the Faithful, Emir Almoumenin
during the divifions for the fucceffion to ths
Khaliphate, in vshich violent efforts were
made on the fide of the Abbaffides on one
part.
( IX )
part, and the Ommiads of the other : Neyer-r
thelefs Abderrahman kept pofleffion of the
government through the whole extent of the
Weft for a fpace of fifty years, and died qui-
etly at the age of fei^enty-four in the year
350, that is, 961 of our account.
There is in Wile's Catalogue of the Bod-
leian Coins, one, which Gagnier fays, was
ftruck at Alexandria, Anno 310, Chr. 91 2,
that really belongs to the reign of Abderrah-r
man III. and the mint of Andalufia. The^
coins of the early Khalifs, that refided at Cor*
duba, have on them Andalus, which was the
name given by the Moors to Spain, and the
word Corduba is to be fupplied, as PanormuiS
is in the Sicilian coins, which read only Me-
deenet Sikileet.
In the year 979, when the Chriftians were
on the point of a total fubjugation of thq
Moors, and little ftiort of being rid of them
for ever, appeared Mohammed Ebn Emir Al-
manzor, a Saracen General, who by ai feries
of bold and fuccefsful enterprifes turned the
fcale, iand infpired his countrymen with new
courage
( X )
t^purage to maintain their poft, and recover
their loft groimd, . Almanzor was the grand
Vjze^r to the King of Cordova, and, irritated
againft the Chriftians, from the fuiFerings of
the Moors, became furious and implacable in
his w^arfare. He took Leon, and putting the
inhabitants to the fword, burnt the town.
Barcelona met with a fimilar treatment, ^nd
Caftille was ravaged ; Galicia . and Portu-
gal overrun and plundered. The Chriftians
were every where beat, and never won 9, bat-
tle in the courfe of forty difterent actions, in
which they fought the Saracens ; but as fmall
obftacles fometimes turn great torrents out of
their courfe, fo on the taking of Compoftella,
and a^t, the carr^'ing oft* in triumph of the
gates of the church of St. James, a flux broke
Qut .among the troops of the infidels, which
the Chriftians naturally interpreting a ftroke
from Heaven, for facrilege committed againft
the church of their favourite faipt, attacked
the. eonq^uerors in their turn with fuch a holy
Tage> and divine fury, that not all the cool
courage of Almanzor could r^j^^tbc;, fugitives
( xi )
of his terroivib'uck troops ; when totally uu*
able to make any ftand he was himfelf re-
duced to run away, and, leaving his followers
to their fate, he fled to Medina Celi, and died
of regret and abftinence in the year QQ8.
We have a coin extant that was ftruck under
the Khalif Hefcham Almuaeed Billah, who
reigned from Q7() to 1008. See Tychfen, p,
132. Tab. Ixiii. It is of iilver, and has on
it in the area. There is no God but God, and
none like him. Round the margin. In the
name of God, this Dirhem was ftruck in An-
dalus, in the year feventy and three hundred.
On the reverfe, Iman Hefcham, prince of the
faithful Almuaeed Billah, Aamer, that is,
JloyaL
During thefe times, the kingdom of Caf-
tille arofe, and as yet undivided. Old Caf-
tille was fet up long before the New had been
recovered from the Moor, and fcparated from
Leon by fome infignificant ftreams on one
fide, and bounded by Aflurias, Bifcay, and
Rioja on the other, a province belonging
formerly
( xii )
tormerly to Navarre, now annexed to Old
Caliille, whofe principal towns are Logrono,
Calzada, Najara, and Bellorado. This dif-
tri(9: foon became a bone of contention be-
tween the fovereigns of Leon and Cordova,
and as the former were more fortunate in
war than the latter, the nobles of Caftille be-
came independent in fpite of the Moors, when
their power was in its meridian. The kings
alfo of Leon, and Oviedo, and Caftille, united
in the vear 1035. when Don Sanchez beftowed
Caftille, which had fallen under his power, on
his eldeft fon Don Ferdinand with the title of
King ; and thus the fovereigns became kings
of Leon and Caftille, bv the union of the ter-
ritories of Caftille with thofe of Leon and
' Oviedo. And now another kingdom arofe,
the kingdom of Arragon, and about the year
1035, Don Sanchez, furnamed the Great, king
of Navarre, raifed Arragon into a government
for his fon Don Ramira. At this time the
Vvhole of Spain was divided into two unequal
parts, by a boundary drawn from Eaft to
Weft, from Valentia to a point fomewhat be-
low
< xiii )
low the mouth of the Douro. All to the
North of this line was Chriftian, the fmalleft
and the pooreft portion of the country, and
all to the South Mooriih, and by far the richeft
fliare in all fenfes. There was nothing want-
ing in the Moors but union to be mafters of
the whole, and fo it may be faid of the other
party, for feuds and divifions prevailed within
and without in both camps,
Seditlone, dolls, fcelere, atque libidine, et iia
Hefperios intra muros peccatur, et extra.
Although the Chrittians did not draw up in
battle-array as the Moors were in the habit of
doing, one againft another, yet they too
quarrelled bitterly and implacably, and were
always ready to call in foreign aid to termi-
nate a domelVic broil, which was an incalcu-
lable advantage to their enemies, fua fi bona
norint, had they known how to take it.
The divifions, however, of the Moors were
more minute; and evGry town had its fove-
reign, wIk) was jealous of fome neighbour, fo
that they both, one after another, fell a prey
to an invader, lince each preferred to be iiu
ined
( xiv )
ined and cut up fingly, rather than by uniting
rilk the chance of the aggrandizement of a
filler city, at the expence of any aid and af-
liftance againll the common enemy. The
confequence was eafily forefeen. The king
of Toledo is at war with his brother of Se-
ville, Alphonfo ftands by, and, watching the
lucky moment of attack, pounces upon Toledo
and all its dependencies, and makes it his ca-
pital, foon after the province of New Cafiille
is reduced; and Madrid, a petty town, becomes
the property of the Chriftians. So much did
Alphonfo, King of Caftille, for w ant of com-
mon confidence of one Moorilh kingdom in
another, from the year 1080 to 1084.
The city of Toledo had been a long time in
the hands of the Goths, but was conquered in
the year 715 by the Mohammedans, and
changed its matter. To the year 764 it un-
derwent a variety of viciffitude and internal
ditturbance, and was ftormed by Nader and
Taman, generals of the Spaniih Khalif Ab-
derrahman. Deguignes, p. 61. T. i. In 828
it; revolted with many other cities under a
leader
( XV )
leader of the name of Haflan, and was not
brought back to theobedience of the Khalif;
till hine years afterwards; At the extindiori
of the Ommiad fovereigns, Toledo renounced
her Mohammedan kings Behi Dulnum, that
had' • governed her from 435 to 478, or frorri
l'043 to 1085. Then came Alphons, the fon
of Sancho, King of Caflille,' and drove them
out, and took their city from them ; and from
that period, except a fliort interval, it re-
mained in the pofleffion of the Chriftians, from
the year 1 1 05 to 1 2 1 2. vSee Deguignes Hif-
toire des Huns, torn. i. par. i. pp. 321, 51, 50,
5S. Alphons the Vlllth, fon of Sancho III.
whofe coins are dated at Caftille and Toledo,
fucceedcdhis father 1158, and having reigned
fifty- five years, died in 1 2 1 4. As it happens
that the conquered adopt the laws prefcribed
by the conqueror, fo the Arabians brought
with them into Spain their languag;e and their
literature ; and the Spaniards applied them-
felves with fo much zeal and ardour that they
became acquainted intimately with the ele-
gance of the Arabic tongue, and wrote po-
em*
( xvi )
cms which the Moors admired, to the utter
negled of their vernacular language, fo that>
not one Spaniard in a thoufand could com-
pofe a plain letter of compliment, or tranfadl
bulinefs in Spanilh, or Latin, when whole
colleges excelled in writing Arabic, with all
the pride of learning, and the pomp of calli*
graphy. The proof of this is to be fought
for in Alvarus de Cordiiba whofe Manufcript
of the Church of Cordova P. Florez pub-
liflied in Efpana Sagra, torn. i. p. 274, ita ut
iaomni Chrill. Collegio vix inveniatur unus in
milleno hominum numero qui falatorius fratri
poffit rationaliter dirigere literas, et reperian-
tur abfque numero multiplices turbae, quae
erudite Arabicas verborum explicent pompas.
The women alfo cultivated the mufes of
Mecca, and Maria Alfaifuli of Seville, ob-
tained the title of the Arabian Sappho. Her
works are in the Efcurial. She fiourirticd
in 411, which is equal to 1020 of our reckon-
ing. SccCafiri, toni. i. p. 150. Arab. Hifpan.
Efcurialenfis. It is therefore no great matter
of furprife, that Alfons, a Chriltian prince,
fliould
( XVii )
ftiould have ftruck his coins with Arabic le-
gends, fince his fubjefts were more familiar
with that than any other language, not ex-
cepting their own, but the aftonifliment is,
that he fliould not have had the fear of the
Moors before his eyes, and the dread of af-
fronting the Mohammedans, his near and ir-
reconcileable enemies, by the infulting ufe of
their language, which they mull, no doubt,
look upon as polluted, and contaminated irl
the fervice of the Crofs. The Moors, how-
ever, were not intolerant, and permitted the
full exercife of the Chriftian religion in the
towns which were fubjed to them. Am-
brofio de Morales, I. c. fol. 207. tells us, Los
Moros dexaron a los Chrillianos con fus digni
dades facerdotes, y grande ufo en fix religion.
We may then, to fay the leaft, pronounce the
Cadillian niunarch guilty of an indifcretion ;
though vvc admire bis fpirit and intrepidity.
The gold Cufic coins of Toledo were in the
Borgian colledion, and have been publilbed
by Adler at Rome, in the year 1782, they
are nearly all alike, that is, the infcription i«
- C the
( xviii )
th^lame on all, but the date different. They
are.four in number. In the area is a crofs,
the word Ulmefeeheea, or Chriftian, and
ynder it ALF. Alfons. Round the margin.
In the name of the Father, the Son, and Holy
Ghoit, the only God. On the revcrfe. In
the area, Emeer of the Franks, CathoHcks,
Alfons ben Sancho, by the hand, power, and
gTace of God. Round the margin. This coin
was ftruck in the city of Talitala, in the year
1186. The next in the year 1186, the third
1 191, the fourth 1 182. Toletam, or Toledo,
in Arabic is Talitala according to Abulfara-
gius, in his Hiftory of the Dynafties, p. 241,
See Pocock. Alfons in his challenge, 1194,
to James, or Jacob, king of Africa, Ihewed a
temper of mind for courage not eafily daunt-
ed. Abulfarage has preferred this letter, p.
412. lat. vers. p. 27^], But to refume the
thrc.id of my hillory ; the Moors were fo much
alarmed at the lofs of Toledo and Madrid,
that they colleded a great force, and with the
additional fuccour of Mohammed Ben Jofeph,
king of Barbary, who came at their call with
( xix )
his myriads, and fought the Chriftians and
defeated them on the l6th of Ju]v, on the
borders of Andalafia, in the Sierra Morena,
or Black Mountains, fo called bccaufe its
ridges rrfe, and fall like a faw. It is a pro-
vincial faving in Spain, When it fnows here,
what does it on the Saw ? Quando aqui ni-
eva, que hara en la Sierra ? This vidlory is
celebrated annually at Toledo, but as if fatis-
fied with the grcatnefs of the effort they had
made, the Chriftians diiperfcd, and the Moors
ftrengthened b}^ the remains of the men
from Barbary united again to try their for-
tune, but for want of confidence they fell out
among themfelves, and having no central
force, every attempt ended in defeat, and lofs
of territory. In 1236, Don Ferdinand, of
Caftillc and Leon, took the city of Cordova,
the refidencc of the firll Mooriih kings, with
Murcia, Seville, Xeres, Cadix, and St. Lucar,
whilft James, or Jayme I. of Aragon, feized
Majorca, Minorca, and Valentia, Qnd drove
the Moors before him. Ferdinand III. fon
of Alphonfc IX. was coufm-german of St,
C 2 Louist
i XX )
Louis, and entertained the project of fubdu-
ing the kingdom of Morocco, as Louis did of
conquering Pala^ftine. - In 1308, Ferdinand
IV. king of Ciiftille, made war on the king of
Granada, and took the fortrefs of Gibraltar.
He was a violent prince, pailionate to excess,
and dcfpotic ; he acquired the name of El
Prorogado, or the adjourned, becaufe in a fit
of rage he ordered two of his nobles to be
thrown over a Tarpcian Rock, or precipice,
and thcY, before the c^^ecution of the fentence,
cited him to appear before God in thirty
hours, to give an account of this a(S. of ty-
ranny ; and at the end of this period he is re-
ported to have died, like the rich man in the
Gofpel, to whom it was faid from authority.
This night thy foul Ihall be required of thee.
During the conqueli of Spain by the Moors
it was divided into feveral kingdoms, which
naturally weakened its ftrengtli, and made
them cafy captures to the kings of CaftiJlc,
Aragon, and Navarre, fo that the Moors 1ki4
nothing left in 123i5 but the kingdom of
Granada. The Arabians, Moors, or Saracens,
were
( xxi )
were all the lame people, and brought into
Spaih by Count Julian, as has been already
ynentioned, whofe daughter Roderic raviilied,
w hile the father was on an embalTy in Africa,
where he planned the firft invallon by the
Moors, and defeat of Roderic the laft Gothic
king, who was drowned in paffing the river
Guadatete, whilft flying from the enemy!.
The kingdoms erecfted by the Saracens in
Spain were, Saragofla by , Aben Altaje ;
Toledo, founded by Mohammed ; Cor-
dova, by Abderrahman ; Seville, by AI-
Corexi ; Yalentia, by Zcit Aben Zcit ;
Granada, bv Mohammed Aben Alhamar,
who Was originally, the feeder of a flock, but
fignalized his valour in fo many adions, that
he was made afliepherd king in 1238 ; Cadix
fubmitted to him, and Granada was his capi-
tal; he died at thirty-fevcn, and left two fons.
In 1273, he was fucceeded by Mohammed
Mir, who reigned thirty years, and built the
palace of Nugno at Granada.
•Mohammed Aben Alhamar came to the
crown in 1305, and, after reigning eight
C 3 years,
( xxii )
years, was imprifoned and killed by his bro-
ther. He took fome towns during the trou-
bles of Caftille, and refufed to pay the tri-
bute to its king, which had been always
exacted from the Moorilli monarchs^; he held
a fvnod, and allowed the clergy to keep mif-
trefies. He loll: his eyes by an accident juft
before his imprifonment and murder.
The fourth king, Mohammed Aben Azcr,
having killed and taken pollellion, was de^
throned by his fubjecis, who confpired with
feveral Mooriih governors agai nft him, four
months after his acceffion.
Ifmael, the fifth king, in 1314, fliarcd the
fame fate, though he had laid liege to Gibral-
tar without taking it, but had defeated the
Chriftians in a pitched battle, and made two
of their generals prifoners.
ISIohammed, the fixth monarch, came next
in 1328, a youth, and under tutors, who in-
volved him in a war with the Caftillians, in
which he was beat, and faddled with a tribute
of 120,000 doublons. 'J'he king of Caflille
then
( xxiii ) ^
then prefented him with a fplendid robe, and
his fubjecls dcpofed him for accepting it.
Jofeph, the joungeft brother fucceeded in
13 34, and under the protedion, and with
the aid of Miralmumin exempted Granada
from the Caftilhan tribute; but was confpired
againft by his fucceflbr, and put to death in a
rebellion of his fubjeds.
Mohammed Lagus, (j*^jjl} the robber, fuc-
ceeded, and reigned till l36o, when he was
driven from the throne in favour of IMoham-
med Ahmer, the red.
The ninth king was Abenalamar, killed
by Don Pedro the Cruel in Seville, whither
he had gone to conciliate his favour. He had
only reigned two years.
Mohammed Lagus, then called the Old,
came back and reigned altogether twenty-two
years.
Mohammed of Cadix, fon of Mohammed
Lagus, fucceeded in 1 394 and reigned peace-
ably thirteen years, the only inltaiicc of a
Moorilh Prince of Peacp during the w hole of
his reign. He married the king of Tunis*s
C 4 daughter,
Ovj->».» i
I xxiv )
daughter, and was enabled by this connexion,
and ftrong frontier towns in Andalufia to
keephis fubjeds quiet, and himfelf undifturbed.
Jofepb, his fon, fucceeded in l4og. He
M'as kind to the Chriftiahs, and being engaged
in foreign and civil wars, his fon confpired
againft him, and the king of Fez, jealous of
his clemency to infidels, fent him a poifoned
veft of cloth of gold which 'foon put an end
to his exiftence.
Jofeph was his eldeftfon, but Mohammed
Aben Balva mounted the throne to the preju-
dice of his elder brother in 1112, and after
reigning twelve years died peaceably, having
conciliated the king of Caitille, by paying the
ancient tribute^ and fending him prefents of
his moft beautiful wive».
Jofeph then followed him, who ought to
have preceded ; he reigned four years, and
trod in his brother*s ileps, and paid the tri-
bute.
Mohammed, his fon, called ka\ves (j^ or
crook-backed, began to reign in M28. He
was much beloved from without by the
princes,
( XXV )
princes, his neighbours, but hated by hisfub-
jefts, who drove him to Tunis, and obliged
him to abdicate.
Mohammed Kemelee, or the httle, /^X^»
Vi^ho headed the rebels, fucceeded that fame
year, but \^ as depofed after twentv-two
months reign for his bafenefs and cruelty.
Mohammed the crook-backed then return*
edin 1430, but was dethroned by a competi*
tor, fet up hy the king of Caftille, to whom
Mohammed refufcd to pay the accuftomed tri-
bute.
Jofeph Aben Almah, rival of Mohammed,
made himfelf a vaflal to the king of Caftille,
but died in the fixth month of his reign.
Mohammed Crookback then fucceeded
again, and after three years was dethroned by
his nephew.
* Mohammed Lenk, the lame, UCU, having
dethroned his uncle, joined thofe of Navarre
againft the king of Caftille, but w^as defeated,
and afterwards dethroned. He was famed for
}]is cruelty, and forced many of the Moorifh
knights
( xxvi )
Jcnights out of the country. He reigned from
|1436 to 1452, when
Aben Ifmael removed him. Muley Ilaf-
fan, the eldeft fon of Aben Ifmael, invaded
Caftille in time of peace, which hi§ father
highly difapproved.
Muley Haflan came not himfelf to the
throne till uro, when he conquered part of
Andalufia, and plundered the territory of Al-
cantara, but was here flopped by the Chriltians,
and dethroned for his cruelty to the family of
Aben Caraxes, the moft numerous and confi-
derable in Granada. He finiflied the Alham-
bra, and dreffed the Alixares in blue and
gold ♦.
Mohammed
* Alixeres was a moft magnificent villa, or country houfe,
on the banks of the river' Xehil, The artift that overlaid it
with blue and gold, got a hundred daublons a day, as appean*
by the epigram in Spanifh,
EI Mora que las labrava,
Cien doblas ganava el dia,
Y el dia que no las labrava
Otras tantas fe perdia.
Eac|j
( xxvil )
Mohammed Boabdelin, bis fon, fucceeded
him in 1482, having efcaped to Cadix, to
avoid being put to death by his father, at the
infligation of his vrife. He was taken pri*
foncr, how^ever, in fighting with the Caftil-
lians, when lie made fuch terms with Fer-
dinand, king of Caftille, that he was fufFered
to be at large ; defpairing, however, of the
fortunes of the Moors, and finding them irre-
trievablv loft, he retired to Africa.
Muley Boabdelin, a diminutive of Abdal-
lah, was chofen in his place in 1485, but his
fubjecls were fo much fplit into parties, that
Ferdinand, availing himfelf of their divifions,
befieged and took Granada in 1492; Muley
Boabdelin was driven from the throne, and
confented to lay down his regal dignity on con-
dition the Moors governed by their own laws,
^nd that he lliould retain his former rank and
Each day his work was done.
He a hundred doublons won.
Such Mas Alhambra*s cofti
Alike each pafling day.
He left his work to play.
He a hundred doublons loft.
dig-
( xxviii )
dignity. Thus Granada returned to the Chrif-
lians after the Moors had enjoyed it more
than eight hundred years, and as a kingdom
two hundred and fifty- four ; containing one
hundred open towns and one hundred and
forty-one cities. Before Ferdinand under-
took the fiual expulfion of the invaders, he
fanftijfied his project by a bull obtained from
Sixtus IV. authorifing a crufade, or holy war,
for the fake of Chrift. The queen Ifabella
attended him in fome of his expeditions, and
they were both in no fmall peril at the fiege
of Malaga, which refilled nobly and made a
glorious defence ; but at laft, the reduction of
the walled city of Ba^a, or Baza, with its caf-
tie, in the kingdom of Granada, coil 2o,ooo
men. One of the conditions of the furrender
of Granada, cut off from all communication
with the country, and all hope of reUef, after
an eight months' fiege, was the liberty of pol-
feffing the revenue of certain places in the fer-
tile mountains of Alpujarros, once barren, but
brought into cultivation by the Moors. It
is true indeed of this people, that however
they
( xxix )
maybe confidered as deficient in the indifpeh-
fable requifites, and elTential qualities of a po-
lifhed nation, humanity, generofity, and mu-
tual fympathy, yet they have been, no doubt,
of infinite fervice to mankind in planing Tiis
rough corners, and fmoothinghis wiry edge by
the introdudion of the hght of learning, in an
age of dark ignorance, and by the ad vancetnent ,
as early as the tweltb century, of the Icience
of agriculture higher, in many refpeds, than it
has ever been carried in the prefent age. It
appears from a Manufcript, found in the Hi-
curial, the compofition of an Arabian fcholar
of the twelfth century, difcoveredin the year
1751, and publilhed in 1802 in French, that
the agriculture of all countries was at that
time undcrftopd in Spain, andthe fugar-cane,
piftachier, bananier, fefame, and chou-marin,
the cotton-tree, and the dry rice that grew
without being conftantly watered, wetc there
raifed, and ])roduccd in the greatell abund-
ance ; to iay nothing of their knowledge of
manures and fkill in compolts. See numbers
five and fix of the Arcliivcs Litcraire*;, in.
v\hich
( XXX )
•which are extradls from the Spanifli tranflation
by M. Correa de Serra, now in Bonaparte's
fervice. Improvements in huthandry are;
fometiraes not adopted when thej-are iirlt fug-
gefted, and afterwards, at a very confiderable
interval, re-introduced as difcoveries. For
inftance, dibbling feed w^hich has produced
twa bufhels of Avheat per acre more than
by fowing, was propofed: by Gerard Plat in
Henry the Ylllth's time, and repeated liy
Fitzherbert, as well as the ufe of two ploughs
in light lands, and both of late brought out as
new inventions.
It will be right in this place to fay a word
mor^ on the driving out of the Moors, and to
account for their final expulfion from Spain,
notwithftanding the capitulation mentioned
above, and the alignment of the vale of Pur-
chena, in the kingdom of Murcia, to the
Moorifli king with a confiderable revenue. <
And firlt, tlieir obliinate adherence to the
language, manners, cudoms, and religion 'Ot
their anceilors, on which they valued them-
felves \^o highly, being the religion of fa
many
( xxxi )
many and fo great empires, that they looked
on any thing fliort of pure theifm, as execra^
ble, and on all image worfhippers as abomi-
nations. This alone made them flow to be
converted* and a whole year hardly produced
a profelyte. The reafon given for getting
rid of them in a political view, was indeed
fomewhat different. It was feared on the
part of Spain, that from their vicinity to the
Mediterranean and to Barbary, they might
eafily invite their oppofite neighbours to in-
vade the Peninfula ; and, if they coolly
butchcred them, the cry of horror would re^
found from all quarters, and if they drove fo
many thoufands away, they might expedl id
fee them return with their enemies at thelf
head. There was, therefore, no other way
left to be quit of them as enemies, but by
converfion, for which parpofe the clergy was
called upon for their aid and affiftance, and
double diligence in the pious talk ; but the
monks employed were irnpatient and fcon
difgurted, and reported the Moors as ftifF-
necked and hard-hearted, and to be fubdued
n
( xxxii )
by violence alone, fit but for flaves, and exile;
that the only mode to be adopted was to fend
away the parents and baptife the children by
force. This advice was rejeiled as barbarous
and abominable, when it was recollected that
the Moors in power had fufFered the Chrif-
tians to adore the Crols, and permitted them
the free ufe of their religious worlhip. The
violent method was in confequence fufpended
for a time. In 1499, Ferdinand and Ifabella
finding that the number of converts to Chrif-
tianity among the Moors was veryfmall, urged
the matter ftrongly to Cardinal Ximencs, their
confeflbr, and he, by bribes and by flattery,
converted fome of the chiefs, and chriliened
three thoufand at once in a great fquare, and
burnt as m^ny Korans. But the mafs relifted,
and the cardinal had recourfe to other means,
and committed Zagri, a noble Moor, and a
great zealot, to the cullody of Leoni, one of
his chaplains, who fo convinced the Moor by
flripes and imprifonment, that he pretended io
be converted, and feigned perfuafion; and when
brought before the cardinal . to declare his
faith,
( xxxiii )
faith, he told his eminence, with a forced
fmile, that his eminence had nothing more to
do, to convert the reft of his countrymen,
than to commit them to the cuftody of his
eminence's lion ; bv which he alluded ta the
name of the chaplain. By arts like thefe, by
the fword, and by inquifitorial terrors, the
Moors were partly converted, partly deliroy-
ed, and partly forced out of Spain : many of
them on paying ten dollars a head were
fhipped for Barbary ; but thofe, to the amount
of two hundred thoufand, who wanted the
means of enlarging themfelves, were driven
to baptifm, and four thoufand were burnt,
and thirty thoufand converted. So efficacious
was the power of the inquifition, to clear
Spain of its foreign invaders, that the Sevil-
lians complained to the king that their city
was a defert, and that within its jurifdicSion
there were five thoufand empty houfes, and
propofed to grant his majefty a large fum of
money to fupprefs this dreadful court of in-
quiry, and put a ftop to its ravages, or th(?
whole country would become a wildernefs.
J) Ferdinand
( xxxiv )
lerdinand at firft appeared to lilien to the
plaintiils, but was foon perfuaded by the
planner of the inquilition, Thomas de Turre-
cremata, a Dominican, ^o turn a deaf ear to
the complainants. The Dominican told the
king, that if he took money to put down the
inquifition he would commit the crime of
Judas and fell Chrill, and that his majefty's
puniihment would be the fame as that of the
Arch-Traiton The Sultan of Egypt alfo
took up the caufe, and threatened the Spa-
niards at Jerufalem, and every where in his
dominions, to treat them*as the King of Spain
had treated the Moors. In defiance of all
this, and the common declaration at the Hake,
that the fufFerer had been forced into Chriili-
anity, and did not believe a fyllable of it ; the
fyftem w^nt on all through the reign of Fer-
dinand and Ifabella, and the averiion to Chrif-
lianity grew llronger and llronger, and the ia-
quifition was more and more detefted. The
(;mperor, Charles the Vth, having palled the
fummer at Granada, in the year 1526, and
been magnificently received by the Moors,
wa.9
( XXXV )
was prefented with a memorial, fetting forth
the grievances the Moors endured from the
judges and the clergy ; the emperor appoint-
ed vifitors to inquire into the nature and truth
of the fufFerings, who found the complaints
to be true; but, at the fame time, reported,
that fearcelj feven Chriftians were to be found
among them after twenty-fe^^n years bap-
tifm. This produced- a Jutita of Court-pre-
lates and Lawyers, who ordered the inquifi-
tion to fit at Granada, in terrorem, that the
Moors ihould give up their fafliions, language,
and religion, and three colleges be appointed
for inftruding their children in the Chriiiian
faith. The emperor abated fomewhat of the
rigour of this decree for a prefent of eighty
thoufand dutats, but afterwards the inqulfitdrs
continued to burn them, and Philip the Second
renewed the order for a total change in their
manners aiid cuftoms on pain of death, for-
bad their aifembling in nurabers, or poffeffing
arms, or places of ftrength and refiltance.
The Moors had acquainted the Grand Seignior
with all the tyrannies of the Spaniards, and
D 2 retired
( xxxvi )
retired to the mountains, from whence they
were expelled in 1570, by Don Juan of Auf-
tria, and natural fon cf Charles the Vth, af-
ter they had been tranflated from Granada,
and difperfed all over Caftille. At length, in
3609, their expulfion was agreed upon in Va-
lencia, notwithftandingthe rigorous oppofition
of the barons ; and firft, twenty-eight thou-
fand were fent to Barbary, and then one hun-
dred and forty thoufand afterwards in different
detachments ; and the king agreed to the pro-
pofal of his clergy^ that all above feyen years
of age Ihould be expelled. The barons op*
pofed them in vain, for the eccleliaftics
preached every where, that it was lawful to
put all Moors to the fvvord, if the king com-
manded it ; and the invincible armada would
never have failed if they had been baniflied
long before. Thus Spain loll firft and laft from
fix to nine hundred thoufand fubjeds ; and in
1(J18 a memorial was delivered by the junta to
Philip III. which fet forth the dire effects of
this mighty depopulation, by fhewing that
the country was on the brink of ruin, which
brought
( xxxvii )
brought on the dilgrace of the Duke of
Lerma, and the death of his brother, the car«
dinal of Toledo, who, being baniflied from
the court, died of vexation. With the Moors
went all the merchants and the agriculturifts
of the kingdom, as it were, for they were the
great traders and hufbandmen of the land.
Philip endeavoured to repair this calamity, and
replenifli the vacuum which it made in the
Peninfula, by a moll falutary and flattering
edid:, which offered the honours of nobility
to all cultivators of the lands, with an ex-
emption from military fervice ; but the edidl
made no great fenfation, and produced very
little eiFeft on a people, one part of which
was naturally indolent, and habitually averfe
to the exertions of manual labour ; and like
the Sybarites of old, to whom the very idea
of toil and fatigue gave a pain in the fide,
darted back at the fight of a Ipadeor pick-axe,
"V^^hilfl: the other took no delight in any thing,
but the art of war, and gloried only in thp
traffic of the fword.
D3 REMAINS
REMAINS OF ARABIC
IN THE
SPANISH LANGUAGE.
SPANISH. ARABIC. ENGLISH.
Aba \j\ Abhor, ware.
Aha in Arabic means^ abhorring, dreading,
Jbewaring.
Abenuz (JM-*^' Ebony.
The Spaniards have dfo, Ebano for Ebony^
Abila <J^I Grofs ftaff-pillar.
Abila is a mountain oppofite to ^Calpe, and
makes with it the Pillars of Hercules. See Pliny,
^nd the Arabian Geographer, Ebn Haukal, p. 24.
4to.
D 4 Acjacan
( 40 )
Agacan Uuw Water-carrier.
Sjka and Sawkee, with the article prefixed,
are what the Italians call Secchie, Witnefs, la
Secchia ?.apita, the Rape of the Bucket by Taf-
foni.
Agafate 4j:^JuJI Quiver.
Ajafate means a flat bafket for ladies'- work.
Shaft in Engli(h, a perpendicular pit. In Ara-
bic a flat couch, and a quiver.
A9afran o'r*^ Zafran Saffron.
Acelga ^^JiX^ White beet.
Selk and Selka with the article make Acelga.
Accmite <-\s-^ ^^^^ flower. -
Scmeed in Arabic is, with the article, Aze-
mite.
Ajotc iaj^ Sawt A Scourge.
Acena
I
( 41 )
Acena v' ^' A water-mill,
The Spaniards have changed Afeeab into
Acena. N. B. Afeeab is Periian and Arabic.
Acequia ^'U>I Canal, trench*
See A9acan above, and Sakeet, or Sakeea.
Ajofar Jua Sufr Copper.
Ajumbre yjjj A fmall Boat, or veffel
of content.
Zumber is a Perfian word, and may poflibly
be the original of the Spanilh meafure.
Alarde LKN^ ' The Review.
This word Ihould be written Ardh, or Ardd,
Ardz, or Ards, as the letters that cornpofe it are,
Ain, Ra, Dad.
Albarcpquc '^Vj-^ Apricock.'
This word is both Arabic and Perfian.
Albarda
( <2 )
I
Albarda t^^ and (A^ 'j Poft horfes.
Beftia de albarda, Beaft t)f burden ; Albarda h
iifcd aifo for a faddle.
Albarrati ^1^ ( Tht Faffing, or Paft.
A paffenger in life without a fixed abode, or
ccrtum domipilium. Perfian.
Albeytar j^U^-J Farrier.
Beetaur 15 the prdntinciation of this word.
Alblharea j^^ NarciiTus.
This word is fpelt, Ain, Ba, Ha, Ra, and pro-
nounced Abher.
Albogue ^J^ Flute or Pipe.
Albuk or book, is a name alfo given to a nian,
pleno rimarum, who c^n keep nothing, but tells
all he knows ; and on this account he rcfembles
an inftrument full of holes,
Alboi^no^t
' f
( 43 )
Albornoz (j*^j^ Bumus.
A high crowned csep, worn in Spain formerly,
and Barbary.
Alboroque uJT^j-? Courage, joy.
Beraki is an animating ejaculation, ufed In
battle and in civil tranfaftions ; alfp in bargains
as a fee, or buona mano, to engage cuftomers.
It is abridged in Spanilh to Oques, which tty-
lors are forbid to receive of tradefmen for bring-
ing cuftomers to their fhops*
Albricias Ok:!T^ A Blefling.
Bereek is a kind of dilh made of dates and but-
ter, and means abundance. In Spaniih it is ufed
to fignify a reward for good news,
Alcaqar ^'-^^ Caftle.
Coins arc often faid to be ftruck in the hyfn,
which is the fame as the hyfar in this place*
The Hha of the Arabians is here changed into a
^t The hylh is the arx, ior' citadel of a towni
Alcajar,
( 44 )
Alcagar, Quiver in Barbary is the great caftle.
JCebeer . jAa/.
Alcahueta CJ^Ij/ Bawd.
Kuwaudet has undergone fome alteration in
paffing into Spain, and appears to have loft a ra-
dical Jettef .
Alcala AjJjj Caftle.
Kllla is a frontier town or fortification, and
thence the proper name of feveral ; for inftance,
Alcala de Heneras-Realrde Guadayra in Anda*
lufia — De Xivert in Valencia, Alcala del Rio,
^wo or three leagues from Seville, up the river
on the qppofite fi^e. — De los Gazules near Me-
dina Sicjonica in Andalufia. Alcala az Ghazee,
f he caftle of the brave,
Alcantara CLJ^ko Bridge.
The plural is Kintaur, and Kinteret the fip-
gular. Alcantarilla is a town in Murcia, Alcan-
tara is in Eftremadura, on the Tagus, where a
b/idge was built by Trajan, fix hvinc^re^ 'an4 fe-,
r ^ ventj'
( 45 )
vcnty feet long, twenty-eight feet wide, of fix
arches, and ftill remains,
Alcanzia ej1j> Chak.
A chink, or fiflurc of a money-box.
Alcaravea Mj'/' Carraway feeds.
Kerawia is Perfian for carraway-feeds, and
written Kerawia and Kerawiet, Carum carvi.
Alcana ajI=^ Exchange.
The houfe of exchange, houfe of cuftoms.
Do Khana, Town-houfe. Dogana, like Do
Khana, lord of the village.
Alcarria 5!/.^ Cottage.
Khergah is a cottage, or moveable Turcoman
hut in Perfian, alfo a royal pavillion,*telek ifliti-
bah, high like heaven.
Alcarraza A/ij I J^ Pinched pitcher.
Khyrauiheh means a fqueeze, and hence a
pitcher for cooling water, pinched, or thumbed
in the making.
Alcarta^
( 46 )
Alcartaz ^j^liaJ Cornet. .
Kartas is a paper cornet, or paper rolled round
the hand, open at the top, and pinched iharp at
the other end, to hold bonbons, or fweetmeats.
Alcavola i}j^ Receiving.
Kebul, receiving, hence Gabella of the Ita-
lian, and Cavala of the Spanifli.
Alcauci uJ^i j\sL Thiftle.
Khar is thiftle, and Shuk a. prickly ftirub.
Shuk mabaurck is Carduus Bencdidus. The
Spaniards have dropped the laft letter of the
Arabic.
Alcayata ^CLa^w Peg.
Kheetut is pin, or pole, in Arabic. The Spa-
niards have fo changed the words of the Moors,
as in fome inftances to endanger their identity.
This may be accounted for in moft cafes by their
writing them as they pronounced them.
Alcaydc
1 47 )
Alcayde ^^^^li A Judge,
Kadi or Kazi, a Mayor-kadi flieher, Judge of
the city. Kadi lehaujaut, Judge of the wants of
men ; this is a name given to God. Kadi aflcer
Judge of the array, a General of an army,
Alcoba ^J3 Alcove.
Kubbeh is an arch or vault.
Alcofa ^j)j^ Baiket-
Koofeh is a baikct in Perfian. And in Arabic
a round mound of fand, like a turban, and the
city of Kufa in Chalda^a. The Arabic proverb,
I believe, has been miftaken by t}ie Lexicogra-
phers when they render it ^iy^ ^ j 'SSj'J aj «x>^
leefa ba tufet, waw la kufct. ^' There is no vice
in him.** Tlie meaning as I take it is, *^ He hag
neither cap nor tuft," nee cufa^ nee tufa. Sal-
mafius, who has written a long note on cufa and
tufa, p. 544. Auguftas Hiftoriae Script, would
have faid the fame thing, had he known this pro*
verb. From cufa comes coifFe, and from tufa tuft.
Sec
( 48 )
Sec Meninfki, and Richardfon in «3iij/ kufa.— *
Tawfet is excefs, or overtopping, as a tuft does
a cap.
Alcohol <J-3:^ Powder of Antimony i
. Kehel is a collyrium for colouring the eye-
brows.
Alcorqa (j*^y^ Lozenge.
Khers is a delicacy, fuch as meat prepared for
a marriage.
Alcrebite 0\j|->/ Sulphur.
Kibreet is fulphur ; Kibreet ahmer the Philo-^
fopher's ftone, or red fulphur.
Alcuna or Alcurnia gOJjjjj Family, race.
Khorundeh or Alcurndeh is, with the omiffion
of the Dal or D, the correfponding word in Ara-
bic to the Spanifh, and means the family, by
way of diftindlon, as firnamcs are wont to be
noted on account of fomc great and excellent
quality, as Guzman el bueno a title given him
for his defence of Tarifa in Andalufia.
Alcuza
( 49 )
Alcuza ^\j3 Oil-pot.
Kazan is an oil-jar if you will, or a pot, or
cauldron in Perfian.
Alcuzcuz UJu*AJ> A Pafte of flower
and honey.
Aldava v^U ^'<3 Knocker of a door.
Aldek bab has been altered into Aldaba, and
fo changed that the Moors could not "know them
again. Di boni quid hoc morbi eft ? adeone
verba immutarier ex barbarie, ut non cognofcas
eadcm eflc. Ter. Eunuch. 2. 1. ig.
Aldea 5O Village.
Deh is a town or village. The Perfians call a
great man, Deh khoda. Lord of the village.
Addiza a>^c^ Small fticks.
Defe are two flender bits of wood, belonging
to a loom. The Moors gave this name to the
brufh-wood in Spain about Toledo.
; . E Alheli
( ^0 )
Alheli ^^J^ Violet
Helec is a herb, going out of flower. Alheli,
y Alfaqui tanto por el al primero, como por el I
en que acaban, fon conocidos por Aravigos. Al- ^
heli, and Alfaqui, are known to be Arabic, as
well by the Al prefixed, as by the final I. Don
Quixote, part. iv. lib. viii, c. Ixvii.
Alerz l^J Cedar*
Urs or Urus is the Earth or Cyprefs-tree,
See Ezekiel de Ercz. c. xxxi. and Arboretum
Urfini, vol. i. p. 286. Erez is the general He-
brew name for all cone-bearing trees.
Alexixa i»jcLl Sort of Saufage, -.
Akheekhet is properly a pafte of flour and but-
ter, or flour and oil.
Alfahar jlzbJ Potter's clay.
Fckhar means Potter's clay, or earthen vef-
fels and alfo boafting, glorying, which is an at-
tribute of man, who is but clay in the hand of
the
( 51 )
the Potter. The Spaniards call the fhop where
the potter works, Alfahar, In this word the
Kha of the Arabians is changed into the Hha,
and in Alcazar the Hha was made a Kha.
Alfajeme j>^^ Surjeon, or Barber*
Haujem, here the Hha or fuil letter is made
anF.
Alexu Q^3::ouo Confedlons.
In the Spanilh word the M is dropped, and
the final N left out, and without the article it
is Aju, in which the Arn of A is made F, and
the Jim or foft G an X or Kha. Majun fignifies
tneaded, and an eleduary, or contedlion.j
Alfalfa UULa. Trefoil grafs.
Helfa is a water herb, to which the Moors or
the Spaniards, gave the name of Trefoil, or
clover, from its quality of affoclation, or grow-
ing three together; hence we get the word, in
Engliih Help. The F is here again fubftitutcd
for H. And for Alhulefa we fii^d Alfalfa.
E2 Alfamar
(^ )
Alfamar j\yc^s^ Coverlet.
Jamwaur. The F is put for the foft G as well
as the H.
Alfaqui AAJti Doctor of Laws*
Fukeeh, learned in the laws.
Alfaqueque ViTlXl Liberating a Slave.
Alfaneque O^-o Eating up the whole,
leaving nothnig.
Fanook, a ipecics of hawk.
Alfayata C^laLcai. Woman-taylor.
Kheeatut means fewing, from Kheeat a needle.
Alfenique uXXy Long and Slender.
Tenk or tunuk joined with Nan is thin paftc.
Here Ta, or T is changed to F.
r Alferczia U^'t^ The red difeafc.
VX»l^iJI^U narelferas, St. Anthony's fire. -
Alfareck
( 53 )
Alfareck u^'t^ ■'^^^•
Feralh is a couch or bed on which you lie,
Khefte wa faheb feralh, (he is) fick and keeps his
bed. Ferafh is alfo a fpreader of carpets and
cufliions in Perfian and Arabic.
Alforja „2k Wallet.
Kheij is a cloak, bag, or portmanteau.
Algalia AaJLc Civet.
This is one of the few words that have under-
gone little or no change in their tranfmigration.
Algana Ui Abounding with herbage.
Ghena will mean grafs of any fort.
Algarada Tfjlt Tumultuary marauding.
Gharct is rapine, plunder, deceit.
Algarbc Vjj^ — Vj^ '^^^ Weft.
A province to the South of Portugal, called
Algarve.
E 3 Algarei
( 54 )
Algares ^i Den, cavity-
Ghar, the focket of the eye.
Alger ^jj) Lime, mortar, zecre.
Algips f^w^^^ Plaftcr.
Gypfum we have frojn jibs.
Alguafil (S^j Serjeant.
Alwaiyl, ox wefeel.
Alhaja Cii^l^a^ Neceflaries.
Haje, neceflarles, furniture.
Alhamar -^2s».I Red.
Ahmer, red, barbarous not Arabian* Elah*^
Therani, the two reds. Wine and Flelh.
Alhambra ^(.j ^^ Care, free.
Pern bera, fans fpuci, is the true interpretation
of the name of the caftle Alhambra, which all
travellers have miftaken by interpreting it red
^z
( ^5 )
caftle from its colour, and leaving out the Ba ot
B, which makes it l-^a^. hemra red.
Alhanduque ^(JJcL A ditch round, a
fortified.
Alkhendek is a part of the city of Toledo, ly-
ing between hills in a hollow called Alhanduk.
Alhelga x\^ Fiflure in the fecft, the fpacc
between the teeth not
clofed.
Alhclga. To produce this word the Kef or
fecond K of the Arabians is foftened to an H, and
the Ain or A is afpirated.
Alhena U:^ A dye from a plant.
Hynna dyes the fingers of a beautiful flefh red.
The rofy fingered morn we read of in Homer is,
perhaps, from Lawfonla inermis, or Egyptiaft
privet. The Spinofa afforded a yellow die (ot
the nails of the Mummies.
Alholbas ^xJc^ Fenugreek.
Helebet arc milky herbs, of which goats are
E4 fondt
( 50 )
fond. Hclbet is Trigonella, a diadelphous de«
candrious phnt, between I-»otus and Medicago
of Linnaeus.
Alhocigo Oixi^i Piftachio.
Fiftec is the word 'which the Spaniards call
hoclgo.
Alhonhiga ViTjOca^ A Shop. -
A pit or ditch in the ground, in which a man
works at his trade. See Alhanduque>..
Alhomra f^^^ A Carpet from its colour.
Hcmra is red,
Alhori
^sL. A heap, or pile.
Khere is a heap of corn* or bricks,;in a bam,
or fubdio, qr in ,a building, fomctimes written
Alhori,
Alhuzema and Aluzema ^jj Pot herbs.
We/em is a bunch of pot herbs.
Aljafuna
( 57 )
Aljafuna ^.Xx^ Bafon.
Jefnet is a difli or faucer of a large fizc.
Aljuma l.^ Affembly.
Jcma is a large body of people. cbllefted tOf
gether.
Aljamia ^iS^ Spanifli.
Jemeea, a number of people talking together,
a jargon, which the Arabians called Spanifli, or
gerrlconqa.
Aljaruz U^;^ ^ '^^^'^ ^^^'*
Jiris, a bell, either large or fmalK
Aljava AAACii^ Quivei.
Javet and nbf Java Is the Arabic word. Jaba
or Java is throwing on the ground,.
Allqaqe q^IxniI Foundation.
Afas means foundation, afa fu'I loghat is a
grammar, afafu'I feeafet ground work of policy,
- Alicates
( 58 )
Alicates LjU Pliers, pincers.
Leket is, taking up minute fubftances from
the ground.
Allqeres j^] Tile,
Ejur, made icer with the^addition of es.
Aljemofao ^j l^-Sr^ Pedlar.
Kumbeha beea, a buyer of fmall wares. Kem
is pronounced foft, Jemi, and Beha is loft in
Beea, which is changed into fao,
Aljifar JLLseJI Seed, pearl.
At Jul far, a port in the Perfian Gulf, was a
pearl fiflitary, "*vhich gave the name to this word.
The Spaniards afked the Moors, where they
got their feed-pearls ; the Moors anfwered. El
Julfan
Aljofayna V^^^** Earthenware,
Jilf isa veffel or jar, a repofitQiy. The Lam
or L is dropped in both thefe words.
Aljuba
( SQ )
Aljuba US A Garment.
Keba is a fliort Tunick open before, in the
paftem falhlon* The Kaf or K is foftcncd into
Jim or G.
Almacan {^l^\ Almakauiw- The place
}s a to\?vn in Gaftille.
Almagro Juf Acifl.
Meker means four, a name which the Moors
gave Almagro in Caftille near Calatrava, and Ci'^
udad Real, on account of hard water that wa$
unfit for ufe, becaufe it had an acid in it com-
bined with an ablbrbent earth.
Almalafu w-jcLo Veil.
MuIefF, is a blanket or any thing in which you
^rap yqurfelf up going to fleep.
Almanaque ^j^l^J ! The New Month.
Ahnanack has been varioufly derived. See
Johnfon. But moft frequently from two lan-
tJA Stages,
C 60 ))
guages, which is inadmiffible. The Britifh En-
cyclopedifts fay pofitively, tjiat it comes from Al
and Manach, ^ diary iji Arg.bic ; without fliew*
ing that Manach is Arabic for Diary. In this
obfcurity and unafcertained ftate of the word, I
venture to fay, that Almanach came originally
frorn Al mah ^u, or nevv month, that is, the firfl:
jTionth of the year in the Perfian language, in
which we have Maheenet, monthly.
Almandarahe b^O U-yo Harbour of the lea.
Mecna dereea is Arabic in the firfl: word, and
Perfiatt in the fecond ; ^s in Dereea muheet, the
fe^ furfounding, or all around ; Dereea is Per-
fiail' and Muheet Arabic, both together are a
phrafe for the Ocean, or immenfe lea; Bini-
haect, intcjrminable.
Una eft immenfi Coerula fonna rnaris^ Ovip.
Almaxia L^j^ciw Garment.
Mekheeut is fewed, not wove in one piece,
like the hauks, or hakes of Barbary.
Almazen i^j^-^ A Storc-houfc.
Mekhzen is a magazine.
Almaden
( 01 )
Almaden i^O^x^ Mine.
Madin alfezf ti*l Kelam, a mine of excel-
lence and oratofyi or dfotorical excellence,
Almena j[X^ Tower or battlement.
Menar is a turret, and from this word the
Spaniards may have' got Almena with the lofs of
the laft letter : the proof of this lies in the^ext.
word but one, Almenara, a beacon, i^braha,
king of Arabia Felix, was called Zu'lmenar,
from having firft ereded beacons, as' direffion
ports, for his return from Uninhabited diftricls,
through which he pafTed to wiage war. Miriailr
and Minaret are this word differently fpert,"as
the turret of the Mofque.
'?
Almotoli <Jh^ An Oil-pot
Mohul is the mother or dregs of oil, frbrn
which may have been made Motoli and Motoli'a.
Almifcle (^iC^H» Mulk.
Galceat muik, is civet mufk; and mufk fa-
bunee, muOcy foap-bal!.
Almivar
( 6i )
Almivar ^jI L« Juice of preferved fruit.
Ma aber is juice of confedions, or fruit pre-
ferved by fugar. The two words are made one
ia Spaniih.
Almocaden 9c^lJu« Led.
Mekadet means led, conducted ; hence a cap-
tain, or leader.
Almoqafrc jjjij A Dibble.
Zafiret is properly the tip of the arrow, and
Mozafiret the fame. So long ago as Henry the
Vlllth's time, Gerard Piatt propofed improve-
ments in hufbandry which were repeated by
Fitzherbert, fuch as dibbling the feed, and ufing
two ploughs in light lands, and many others
now brought forward as difcoveries, though, by
the pracSice of the Arabians, they are no more
fo now than they were then.
Almocrcbc^ cvc *is^Ji^ Mulc-drivcr.
Mukra-at is a whip, or fcourge, with which
the mule may be driven.
Almofia
( 63 )
Almofia 5 Louo Any thing hollo Wed out,
Mefeeat a bafon, a recefs, or alcove. ^
Almofrcz ^ yu A Cafe, large, opcrt.
Mefrij, or muferej, a cafe like a pillpw.
Almogavates Jjlj^ M^lraudcrs.
A houfeman, who runs here and there for fo-
rage and plunder, in Arabic Mughawur.
Almohaqa Aw^s^L^JI Curry-comb.
From Hefle, to wipe the duft from a horfc,
to curry and drefs cattle^
Almohada ^OJi^ Corner.
Amak and Mukdem are both corners, from
whence this word feems to come, by a change,
^s in tlie preceding, of K into H. The latter
librans a pillow in Spanilh, and in Arabic the
part of the head projeding between the ears.
Almohino
( 64 )
Almohino {j^^ Vexing, fretting,
Almojarra ^ j> Earthen pitcher,
Jarreh is a jar with a great belly, and called
alfo Alcariafa. Carafe is French, and both Ara-
bic and Perfian. ^j^ Khezef by the change of
Z into Ra.
Almud cX^ Halfabulhel.
Mudd, a meafure, whence the cuftom houfc
at Valencia, where all the corn is fold, is called
Almudi,
Almuerqo Kj^iyo Breakfaft.
Muryz is falling rigidly, which the Spaniards
ufe to fignify the breaking of it, or the conclu-
fion.
Aloja ij^\J Mead made of honey,
iuwas, pronounced Aloha.
Aloque
( ^ )
Aloque ia)hL, Pale wine, neither white
nor red.
Aloque is faid to be from the Arabic Halaque,
a mixttrre. Khylaut is a - mixture, whleh/^by
foftenlng the KHa will be Halaut'not Hakqti«JHi
Alpuxarras ^t^ Uncultivated mountains.
The Aibujarfas are a gfe^t chain of hills in the
kingdoiii o^^ranada, feventcen. leagues long and
twenty rwifle, difficult of accefs, unprodudive,
and barren, for want of cultivation, as the name
imports.;;..hut now fruitful, owing to the induf-
try of the Moors that turned Chriftians, and
have inhabited them fince the expulfion,
Alquerme (^j^'i Grains of the Scarlet Oak.
The Kermes, or Coccus' llicis, abounds in
many parts of Spain toward^ Alicant and Valen-
cia, in Murcia, Seville, la Mancha, . ant! in' Ser*
ranias de Cuenqa, Women are employed to ga-
ther the Kermes, who let theirnails grow fpr the
purpofe of picking it with greater facility. The
F French
( M )
I^rcnch word Cramoify, is ncarcfl: the Arabic
term.
Alquilej* L/ Hire*
Kira, is alfo the origin of our Englilh word.
Hire, from the Arabic through the Saxon,
Hyran.
Alquimia ^tS^ Alchymy.
Kemeea. The true chymiftry is tcner rcnta,
to have an eftate, y no gaftar nada, and fpend
nothing, which, whoever has and does, will be
lUre to get the philpfopher's ftone and grow rich.
Alembique ^— ^"^tV^^' A StilL
Anbeek is pronounced Ambeek.
Alquitira ^r^ Gum Tragacanth.
Kuteereh, is Gum Tragacanth, and Kutre pc-
trd/ Gum Arabic,
Alquitran o'j^ Liquid Pitch.
Kctran, in Perfian, is Naptha, a liquid fub-*
llaucc
( or)
ftancc flowing out of the earth, ufed inftead of
pitch or tar. See fprings of it in Perfia, on the
Cafpian, in Calabria, Sicily, Modena, and Ame-
rica, it is oftentimes colourlefs, always highly
inflammable, odoriferous, and oily; fpecific gra-
vity from 0,708 to 0,84?.
Altaquc kJOj A Wicker Baflcet.
" 'fenk, ind notTaquc, is the Arabic word.
Alfanega iJikj A Net for won?ien's hair.
Bineket, means the opening of a bag, or fack.
Alvanil Iju A Mafon, or Builder.
Binna, is a Builder ; and Kargera, Labourer,
^nd Mamar, an Archite<S. Alvanil is a diminu-
tive of Albinna.
Alveria z^03 Po^l^ or Pond,
Wergah, a Pond.
Alvendera cXo A Goffiping, Rambling
Woman.
Fend, may be the root of this word, and it
means, Vain words, trifles, age, nonfenfe, &c.
F2 Albaqim
Albaquia (^^ Rcfiduc;
Bakee, in the conclufion of letters, is, as to
the reft WeYTalem, farewell; or Bakcc wcddua^
arfd with this adieu.
Almanza o/JLf Foundation, Level, Plain,
A village, in New Caftillc, at the extremity of
a vaft plain, famous for a viftory, which fixed
Philip v. firmly on the throne of Spain.
" Alhurreca OoLc; Foam of the Sea.
Rughaeeut, is alfo the fait froth that exudes
from the roots of canes.
Alhorrc ioj'-i'^' Tetter.
Pureeun, is a running tetter, or ring- worm, a
difcafe of the nails, from Purrc is Horre, and the
hift iyllablc dropped,
Alquaqucngi /^Xljo Cockle.
. Alkekcngi, is the Winter Cherry in Tournc-
fort, and the trivial of Phyfalis in Linnaeus.
Kengi
( 69 )
Kengi in Perfian is Dumbnefs, which this plant
perhaps produces, e'qually with the Solanum
Maximum, and Somniferum, of the French bo-
tanifts. The name of Cockle, or Coqueret, is
given to it from the whirls of its fruit, Frudu
parvo verticillato.
Anacala %X:L (jU Drawing out Bread.
Anacala is a name given to an oven-drawer,
and to the board on which the bread is laid. From
Nankhela, nacala has moft probably been made.
Anagaqa ULi (^U A Bird-call,
Ghaga is the cry of a bird, which the pipe
imitates. Here are two words (^U naee and
Itlt ghaga, which mean the pipe-call, and are
united in Spanifli, and make one by prefixing an
A, as in the preceding word.
Anafilar ^X- (^^U Hautboy,
Naee filar, two words not compounded, but
fignifying a pipe of a reed.
F3 Anori^
( 70 )
Anoria ^Ul Wells.
Abaur IS the plural of Beer, of which Anoria
has been made to fignify a wheel at a well, for
pots to draw up water, as in Norc^en's plj^]te.
Anzel JUUf Decree, or decifipn of wife iijen,
by way of fentence, verfe, or
faying, worthy of repetition.
Imfal means, befide other things, an order to
punifli; by way of e5Uimple> Imfool, alfo is a
wife fentence.
Arrabal OdjJ\ City, Suburb.
Albeled, a town, or diftrift. The laft radical
is left ojit.
Arramblado ^J^j Gravelled.
Beml, isfand, or gravel, on which theEe^ftern
nations write ; a particular fort is ufed by tl^e
Arabians, called Ulm u'l renil, fcience of the
fand, on which they teach their children tQ
write, and they themfelves draw figures and di-
agram^f
in)
agrams, caft nativities, foretell future events,
»nd pretend to prophecy,
Arroz jj\ BIcc.
Arrabon piaiv Pledge, Pawn.
Arrha Arrabon, is Hebrew* See Gen*
xxxviii, 17.
Arracadas -y Cheek-ornaments.
Rukh, a Cheek, decorations of the cheek are
pendants of the ear and the nofq,
Arracife \jJ^\Joj Caufeway.
A road paved with pebbles. Rezraz.
Araex \,u»jj Mafter, of a veflel,
Reefa jehaufc, Captain of a Ihip.
Ataud cXLt Coffin.
Atud, is a wooden box, Tabut, is alfo a cof*.
fin ; and ouip v^ord Kefcn means, in Arabic, dead
clothes, and a winding-lheet.
F 4 Aximenes
( 72 )
Aximenes o'-r^' ?"^^y pl^c^*
Afuman is Heaven, which is here put for <i
warm funny place, by the additit)n ofa Spanilh
ternnlnation.
• Aximefes ^W:kl Proje<?ling cxti-emities that
overhang a houfe.
Alchfani, iaxc; eav^s c^f a houfe in gjjai>ifh,.y Ob-
fervc, that in Aximenes the X is an S, and in
Xxniefes the Tame letter is' iCh:
Axufayna ^^JUuw( Earthen ware.
Afufaln, is a potter's yeflel, or bafon of ba]ced
earth. The Spanifli word ends in Fayna.
Azaleia c:Jlj( A Towel.
Azalet means wiping, effacing,
Azar ^l^lj! Orange-flower.
Azar is flowers. Azhar defte in Perfian is.a^
npfcgay.
Azai^r
( n )
Azaur j\j\ Misfortune.
Azarcan oUj*^ Le^d.
Surfaun, lead, is Zarcon with an A prefixed,
the F changed to a C, and called Red lead^
which is another word beginning not with a Sad,,
but a Seen, a different fort of S. Surenj.
Azavache AA>i Jet,
Shubuh has been changed into Azavache, by
making the Sh a Z, and prefixing an A, and
turning the B into a V, and He or H into Che,
Azarote , ejjj J^^ S^rcocolla.
Anzuroot is exadly the Gum Sarcocolla, be-
ing an Arabic term for a Perfian gum, or bal-
fam, faid to be excellent for the clofing of
wounds, whence its name Flefh-glue.
Azemila
^^ Baggag(
t Mule,
Shimillet is
a camel.
Azero
V^-^^^«fi.ai
.^teel.
, i^crdchul is Steel in Perfian, and Zerd is in
Arabic
( >4 )
Arabic a Coat of Mail, from -which, perhaps,
the Spanill^ may be derived,
Aziago ijjl Unluckily.
Azeegh is Melancholic, from chagrin and
misfortune;
Azicates wi'LiI Spurs.
A^ezak means, caufing to fpring forward,
>pxprefled Azic with Ates added to it.
A^pgue OU/J Quick-filvcr.
Zeebuk is Qaickiilvef .
Azoguc ^jj' Market.
Azukeh, iignifies Provijiions, viftuaU cxpofcd
Xo falc.
B,
B0K9EGU1 AcJ^ Buikin.
Borzeghe, is alfo a Skin, or Pannel-cloth to
ride on hy way of faddle, from Panneau in
French, Cct ane a ni felle, ni panneau.
Barragan
( 75 )
Barragan jUCj Batchelof •
Bekar is an unmarried perfon, from M^hlcb,
by inverfion, Barrag is formed inftead of Bagar^
Bellota Ipjh Acorn,
Bellut is an Acorn and an Oak. Shabellut^
the Royal Oak.
Benalaque ^ Ui Farm-houfc iiv a
vineyard.
Bina lukh, a building of cane, a cottage, or
lodge in a vineyard, during vintage-time, called
ii^ Perfian Sepenj, a lodge for thofe who watch-
fields. See Ifaiah i. 8.
Borrah J j Striking out, effacing.
Berah means ending, finiftilng, and here Bor*
rah is, to caufc to be no more, by blotting out
anderaling, .^^ m':o
Balcpflt
( 7« )
falcon ^ ^'Uk^t^ Balcon.
^; 3al^kh.auneh is a Gallery, or Balcony at the
t<^p of ;t|ie Jioijfc. Bal^kh^uneb /wizarct mcans>
the Balcon Vizcer, or head minifter.
c.
Caqador de Alfbrja. See Alforja, in its
place, the hunter of th^ wallet,
CadlHos D^bn; Fringes.
The fiiaggy end of any thing wove, is in Her
brew Gu^ilim. See Deuteronomy xxii. 12. and
Jnftita in tlatin, a border, and 1 Kin^s vii. 17.
Cafila Ox^li Caravan.
Zlaferia Jj Village, or Colleftion
of People.
Kaufilut, 51 company of travellers. The Chief
of a Caravan, Kaufilut baflia.
Cjifio
( 7i\ >
Cafio . . aj Is^ Not Speaking (Arabk).
Khafet is ccafing to fpeak, rude and unpb-
lifiiediij language. ^
Zagal Jciui A Boy.
Zagal is a -Poftboy, ah(lir> Arabic, Sftekhel.
Leur ardeur (des rpules) fejrallentit-elle^ la za-
gal, qui eft comme fon poftlUon^ C dance du
brancard, les anime de la voix, et du fouet. p. 3.
V. 1. ed. ult. Bourgoing. :22
Zaguan ^^)[) A Porch, oi* Veftibuk.
Sazak has been altered into Zaguan app^rentljr^
as there is no other word that I know in Arabic
or Perfian, beginning with qa for an entry to a
houfe.
Zahinas \j^,'^ Sops of Bread, Honey
and Water.
Zeeaun is Honey mixed with Water. The
powxr and found bf l6, or Da in Arabic, is Dth
which the Spaniards reprefent by Za.
Chiz
( 76 )
Cahi2t (j*-L^ A Mcafure*
Kceaus contains, in fomc places, twelve, in
others eight, in others fix Spanilh buflicls, or
Iianegas.
'.biCahon ^>il Breeches.
Aflium without the A, is Shum, which has
been made Shon.
Zahor J^) Whitenefs.
Zchr means whitenefs, beauty^ a flower.
Zahouri j^j A lie.
Zuhou means a cheat, a lie, of which Zahouri
has been made.
Zalea JU* Coarfe-mantlc.
Shal is a . furred cloak, a flieep's Ikin with
wool on it ; one alfo of wool and goatV hair,
worn by Dervlfes, one alfo made of filk and ca-
mel's hair.
Calipha
( 7Q )
Calipha »--Ol:i AYican
Abubeker fucceeded Mohammed, called Urn-
fcif, Vicarof the Prophet of God, Khalif.
Camboa ^s^*^^ A Citron.
The Spanilh word fhould be Zansoa* The
Perfian is Shemft.
Zanahoria j^ji^ Carrot,
Shoonder is Zanhor, with the Spanilji tcrmx-
pation.
Canja ^oJsf Foundations.
Kunde is an excavation. The
Caputa o^V.'^ Slippcn
Chapatan is a boot in Perfian.
Zaparron ^l^j v^lXJi Hard rain, falling
quick and haftily.
Shitaub baraun has been made Zabaraun, or
Zaparron, by dropping half of the firft word.
Carga
( 80 )
rlSki
Khar, a bramble.
^rian
Carmefr
Kirmozee.
Crimfoii.\
Cenid
CZ^^jM
Zenith.
Semtis the Zenith^ the point in the, heavens
dlredly over ohr heads,' and cx^a^I the Azimuth,
or the path. In aftronomy it is the Arch of the
Horizon, intercepted between the meridian of
the azinuith, or vertical circle pafling through
the centre of the object, w^hich is equal to the
angle of the Zenith formed by the meridian and
vertical circle.
Chinela ^^J^^^^ .Toe.of a Slipper.
Chenki muz is the toe of a flipper much ufed
in thehoufein Spain, called alfo Pauchelch.
Cid
< SI )
Cid O^y^ Lord, or Commander*
Seed was the name given by the Moors to the
famous Spanifh general, Roderic Diaz de Bivar,
and the Spaniards called him El Cid Ruy Diaz.
Ruy is Ihort for Roderic.
D.
Dados Icici Dice.
Dcdd means playing with dice, or cubes.
E.
En ERG ^Uu January.
Yeenaur, January.
F.
FuLANO AJ>XS Such a one.
The name of any unknown perfon. He,
Monfieur, chofe, what d'ye call him. This
word in the Spanifh did;ionarics is called Feloni;
Hebrew, which is Peloni ; but the Spanilh word
G is
( 82 )
is what the Moors brought into the country, and
not the Jews. The only tlifFerpnce .between the
two terms is in pronunciation, i.n which ,^he
Spanifh Fulano accords beft with the Arabic.
G.
Gibraltar <S^Ja}\jXj^ Gibraltar.
Gebelu 1 Tarek, the mountain of Tarek, where
the firfi Saracen Tarek landed, in his defcent
.upon Spain from the oppofit-e Ihore, in' the
year 7 1 0. » $
Gineta
'v:i;Lo
AC;
ane Spear.
Kenat, a
Cane.
Guada
C^OI,
Channel
of a River.
Wadec.
Guadafion o! C^<^U Paflage of the Waters.
Wadee Abi. Guadafion is a rivc^ in Caftiile.
Guadahcnar
( ^ )
Guadahenar Ua^ (S^^J Water of the Ha-
ven, or Port.
Wadee meena, or Mouth of the river.
Guadajor J^^^ (S^U '^'^^ ^^^^^ ^^ Walnuts
in Andalufia, near
Cordova.
Wadee chuhaur, the river of four kernels ;
the w^ord Meghz is left out. The walnut is di-
vifible into quarters.
Guadaira b^I (^o!j River of Mills In
Andalufia..
Arha is the plural of Reha, a Mill.
Guadaladiar j]i^ (S'^^J River of Houfes.
Wadee'ldar is in Andalufia.
Guadalaxara I^UL (S^^J River of Stones.
Wadee'lchara, a city in Caftille, on the banks
of the Henarcs.
G 2 Guadalbarro
( 84 )
Guadalbarro ^j[j iS^^J River of Bounds.
Bare is walls, ramparts, trench, palifade, and
Guadalbarro, fmall river, running down the
Sierra Morena.
Oiiadalbullon i}j^ (S^^J River of Daggers.
Bui or bul is a nofe, or a pointed inftru-
nient ; Guadalbullon is in the province of Jaen
rn Andalufia.
Guadalbunar jLs: o*^ C^<^U River of a Field
of Battle.
Wadee Bunjar or Bulbar, means alfo a place
where plenipotentiaries meet to fettle a treaty,
or a truce.
Guadalcana o*-^ CS^L? The River of Re-
creation.
Wadee khan is a river and a town in Anda-
lufia of reception for travellers, like a caravau-
ferai,
Guadalcrce
Guadalerce y^^^ C^^'j ^^^'^^ ^^ Guard,
Wadee hers is a river of proteftion, or fron-
tier-guard in Granada, called alfo Guadalhorz^.
Guadalcrtin ^^^ (S^^J Muddy River.
Wadee teereh in Andalufia, with the infertion
of the article, as in the other words beginning
with Guada, has been changed from altereh
into alcrteh, and finally ertin.
Guadalefte ^U^..! (S^\j River of Turnips.
Wadee aftan is a river of roots in Granada.
Guad^lete A River in Andalufia, called
Lethe by the Romans, to
which the Moors prefixed
Guada, or "Wadee.
Guadalhorra jlt River of the Laurel.
Wadee ghar is a river on whofe banks laurels
grow in Andalufia.
G 3 Guadalimar
( 86 ^)
Guadalimar .^2^! The Red Hivcr,
Alimer is rc4 : the Guadalimar falls into the
Guadalquivir.
Guaddmallete lJJI^-^ River of dangerous
holes, or places.
Mehalk is the plural of mehliket, called cor-
ruptedly Mallete. The Guadalmallete runs from
the Sierra Morena into the Guadalquivir.
Guadalmedina aXjJ^ River of the City.
Guadalmedina, in Andalufia, falls into the
fca near Malaga.
Guadalmelera ^U^ River of Inheritance.
Guadalmclera was once, and fliould be again
Guadalmeiera. The Arabic word is Meeras,
Guadalmeeras is a river in Andalufia.
Guadalquiton L3 River of the Cat.
Quadalket is in the bilhopric of Guadix, ii\
^ndnlufia,
Guadalquivir
Guadalquivir .aa^ The great Rlvcrf-
Guadalkebeer falls into the fea five leagues be-
)ow Seville.
Guadamecil J^^uo^ River in Andalufia.
Qiiadamecil or miflaul is the river of hang-
ings, that is, where gilt leather for hangings, or
other ufes is made.
Guadarama i^^J Sandy River.
The Pafs of Guadarama, is fituated at the
top of the mountain, ^t whofe foot is the town,
nine leagues frpm Madrid. Properly Guadarem^
or fandy river.
Guadarranque ^^ifl^^ River of Mares,
Guadarimak, Mares. The river is in the bi-
Ihopric of Cadix.
Quaderriza ^^j^^^ ., Rivqr of Lead.
- Guadarefas in the kingdom of Jaen. Refas 'k
tin, and lead ; and the former was called white
tin, and lead black tin.
G 4 Gaadarroman
( 88 )
Guadarroman (^U; River of Pomegranates.
Rummaun, is the Pomegranate, and the ri-
ver in the province of Andalufia, anid diocefe of
Cordova.
Guedaxira (^^s^^Lii River of much Meat*
Sherahee means meat. The Guadaxira is in
the province of Eftrcmadura.
Guadazanon iSj^ River of Bathing.
Shuee, waihing, Za ftands for Ihu, as we
have feen in Zagal put for Shekhel. The Guada-
zanon is in the diocefe of Cuenja, and kingdom
of Caftille.
Guadazclcte klj^j River of Prayers.
Zellat means errors, fms. Zellat u khetaeea,
flips, and offences, which beget prayers. Gua-
dazeletc is a river in the archbifliopric of To-
ledo.
Guadacenas
i m )
Guadacenas ^^j: River of Wolves^
Heeb> or Zeeb, is a wolf, and probably the
word Ihould be Guadaccbes in the bifliopric of
Jaen, in Andalufia.
Guadiaro. See Guadalaviar, River
of Houfes.
H.
HoKRA ys^ Free.
Hyr is free, having been a flave.
Jarro ^j:^ Jar.
Jarre is a pitcher, Dar befos, y bcfitos al
jarro, to kifs the jar often, as in Perfian, Bus
daden ; and Na dar un jarro de agua is a Spanifl^
faying, as in the Roman poet, and the Gofpel ;
not to give the fmalleft favour to any one, even
a cup of cold water. Juvenal accufes the Jews
of fliewing none but Jews the way to the welL
Sat. xiv. 104. Matt. x. 42.
r;:: -': . Jorro
( 90 )
Jorro ^sjw ^ - Drawing along. ^
r:'LIevar la nave a jorro, to tow the veffcl
along ; in Arabic is exprefled by Jerr, towing the
^Tiip.
L.
Loco \Jij} ' Mad.
Look is folly, ftupidity, in Arabic ; and
Lukhen fhe moon, in Perfian, as if the mad
were moon-ftruck^
X-fOnja Asiv^j A long Piece, a Slice.
Lumjet, or lunjet, is what we call a lunch, or
luncheon, §ind the Arabpns, a wh^t ■^efpre din-
ner. Minfhew fenew .this ^§ far ^s thp Sp^wfli,
bi^t nothj^ig pf the. Arabj^ original. -
Majorca ji^ Flax on a DiflafF.
Zeer IS linum, or flax, and the Spanifh word
IS uled fcr as mucli as is uifually put on a diftafF
at one time.
<<. iioi Mancebo
( 91 )
Mancebp x^j^^J^^ A your.g Man, a, Boy^
Menfub, relating to man.
Marrido cJ^.^ J-'Can, Maceirated, Fallen away,
Mered means diffolying, macerating.
Maravedi ^aIsjI^-o Maravedi.
Money of the dynafty Almoravidarum, in
Africa and in Spain, of fire princes. Abubeker,
fonofOmar, was the firft, 105Q.
N.
Natpes S-*^ Pl^ying-c^rds^
Neef is excefs, furplus ; numbers from one to
three, and three to ten. Vide Giga^i Lexicon, et
Caftelli. From Nips in Spaniih, come Pips in
Englifli, or numbers of the cards. This is a clear
proof that cards are of Arabian invention •^.
♦ The word Fifh for counters comcs from Pice, of which
eighty go to a rupee. See L'Abbc de la Rive fur rinventiqix
des Cartes k Jouer, 1780, a Paris, who fays N. P- are the
initials of Nicolo Pepin, who invented cards. See alfo Dic-
f ionario de la Leugua Caftellana, 1734; and Preface to the
Conformity of Oriental Languages. Ma fifti is no money,
aiid Pifhadet, in Perfian, before hand, means ready money.
Naranja
( »2 )
Naranja M^^jli Orange.
Narenj, an orange, Narengee of an orange co-
lour, both in Arabic and Perfian.
. Peon ^Lj Foot Soldier.
Pace is a ftep, -which is made by the Peon ^t
Chefs, or Pawn ; a Soldier is Sipah.
Qvtnjnr .-X:py To Thicken, Curdle.
Kejger means a plaifterer, and Kej mortar, or
plafter made of hme, iand, and water, thickened
to^i certain confiftcnce. Quajar is, however,
derived from the Latin, Coagulare, and Quajo
Rennet, from Coagulatio; whence comes alfo
our Quagmire, not as Johnfon fays, Quafi
Quakemire. The Spaniards are conftant in
.Cj^^nging the.L of, the Latins into I, confonant,
»(lF,^ ftiid the Fintb'Hy aa in Hijo from FiHus,. and
'I^iqjji/rQgg^f ^^ tlie'Portuguefc retain
( 03 )
the Roman F, and fay, Fidalgo> not HidaIgo>^
with their neighbours. The Portuguefe change^
the Roman L into R, in Ingres and Nobres. In
Hindoftan an Engliflimail is called after the Por-
tuguefe fafhion, Ingreez. The Arabian hlftori-
ans of the Cruzades, gave Richard Coeiirde Li-
on, King of England, the name of Angitar. The
Portuguefe, in changing L into R, only imitate
the Romans, who altered the Greek word As/^/ov
into Lillum, and when they Grascifed tlieir own
language, wrote Latiaris, Parilla, for Latialis and
Palllia, and (pp'xyeTJviov for Flagellum. See St.
John, c., Ji. V. 15. Evang.
Qucxigo f^^^ Wild Aih-trec.
Wefliij is not unlike Quefhige ; whence, as
the Spaniards pronounced it, making Sh a gut-
tural, and Waw a Q, Qucxigo.
Quilate 'SX^ Caraft.
Khelt means a carad, in Arabic Kyrat, fpelt
Kaf, Ra, Alif, Ta, and not Caradt, as in all dic-
tionaries. Kyrat is the twenty-fourth part of an
ounce ;
( 94 )
ounce ; it fignlfies alfo a bean or pca-fhell, a pod,
a hufk, or barley corn.
R.
Regaifa ^^Jitj Cake, Pafte, Clay.
Reghf is forming into cakes, or balls; hence
regaifa.
Rejo f^J^J Dart, Javelin.
Rejum is any thing thrown. Throwing ftones
at a rock in the valley of Mina, is a ceremony
performed by the pilgrims at Mecca, to reprefent
the ftoning of Lucifer from heaven,
Rafez U^^xi; Low, Left, Rejedlcd,
Rafeedz means left, and rejeded, like the Mo-
hammedan fed of Ali, or the Shiites, which pre-
vail in Perfia, called by the Turks Heretics, who
are themfelves adherents and followers of Sonna
or tradition. From the Spanifli Rafez comes our
cant term of Raffifli, low, mean.
Rezio
( 95 )
Rezio , (j*^-^j SoUd, Hard>ri;B
Refees is hard, firm, ftrong.^
uiv>~ii\ uiin'r
JtS. n::f?i!r>'rn3
Saracenos ^— ^jw^ baracens.
The Saracens . wqi^e originally a people wl^p
lived by plunder, fuch as Virgil paints the inha-
bitants oF Nerfaj, Semperquc recentes conyeAare
juyat prsedas, et viyere rapto. Hence the name
of Saracen from Serek to fteal, or from the re-
gion of Arabia, nearcft Egypt, called Saraca,
according to Stephanus, Serikc kurdun is to rot
in Perfian, and Serket means by ftealth.
Sara9as, or Caracas, l^j) Crooked pins, or
fmall particles of
Gold in Meat to
choak People,
Zerfaw is a particle, or filing of gold ; as to
the ufe faid in the didionary to be made of thefe
pins, nothing is known.
Saratan
( 08 )
Sarat^i, or Zaratan, {^{JaM A Crab.
Surutaun is a Crab, and the figti Cancer.
Sar^ahan {j^jj Refembling Gold Thread.
Zerfan is a ftriped filk ufed by the Moors very
thin, known to us by the name of Sarcenet.
Sericum Saracenicum of Skinner.
-iiScges i^^^ Seges, a Spanifh Wine.
Segi in Perfian means wine, and Segi khani
IS ia tavern, or wine houfe.
Sarao C^ly*> Ball, or Dancing- room.
Serai, a palace, court, feraglio.
Ta9a Qj^Lb Cup.
Tas is a cup, or porringer ; Tas efiak, the cup,
or vault of heaven. The form of the heavens is
a deprefled arch, refembling a Ihallow cup; or
bafon for a fountain.
Tafctan
( 07 )
Tafetan aXju
Tafte is filk twifted in fpinning.
Tagarmina jlij Provifions, a fweet thiftle
good to eat.
Tagarnillo
The herb fennel giant,
Bekhoor mirycm in
Perfian.
Tahon
vlsrJo
A Miller.
Tahona aJIsnL Horfe or Afs-mill.
Tehhan is a miller, or horfe working in a. mill,
and Tehhannet a mill worked by a horfe, afs, or
camel.
Tahur
f^
\J Gamefter, Merchant;.
Tajir is a merchant, artful, adroit in his bufi-
nefs.
Taear
To Cut and Slafh,
Ta^car is called Arabic, but it comes from
Talea, a cutting, or Hip from a branch, or plant,
H and
( 98 )
*
and that from S'aTie/a. The Italiati a^id French
have Tadiar and Tailler from the Jame fource.
TaleaD ferreas are iron plates, paid for money by
the ancient fir itifli, and the modern Swedes in
copper. Caefar. Comment, p. lOO. v. i. Var.
Talvina ^:sx)j" Thick Water.
Tulhum, water too thick to drink ; when
thickened with flower and boiled is a hafty pud-
ding, or pudding a la hate.
Tapar ^ To {lop a hole, check, reftrain.
Thebr, or Thapar, to ftop ; fpelt Tha, Ba, Ra.
Tarbea ?^.r^ Square Trencher.
Terbeea is a quadrangular figure — a piece of
fquare wood. Enfan terbeea a quadrangular af-
ped (of the ftars).
Telliz «5u^>Jj* Saddle-clotJi.
Tclifc is aPerfian carpet; Tehfet, in Arabic, a
fack.
Tia
( 99 )
Tia ^ Aunt.
Tia is in Italian Zio, an uncle, in Perfian Shu
is a hufband, and both Italian and Spanifli are
from the laft, coniidcring Shu as a relation, or
relative, whether father's brother, or mpther's.
Tocal (S^j^' High Place ; afcending to a
Height.
Tookel, orTawekkul.
Tocino <S^^ Hog.
Khook is a hog, of which the Spaniards have
made Khookino, and Tookino, or Tocino.
Treba ^Ja Border, Skirt of a Garment.
Tref, or Teref, is a border, or extremity.
V.
VosASTE — -Vofte i^[Z^\ Vueftra Merced.
Vofafte is ufedonly by the defcendants of the
Moors, and the common people in the provinces
for Vueftra Merced.
H 2 USTED
(( nm )
USTED OUwj! Sir.
Afted, or Ufled, is mafter. Ufted Yakub,
mafler Jacob, in Perfian, which in Spanilh is
fuppofed ignorantly to be a contraftion of Vu-
eftra Merced.
X.
Xabeba ;^-A^2J> A Pipe.
Kefeb, a reed.
Xaharro wckl Plafter, Cement.
Akheer is what walls are incrufled with.
Xaheris UwLcii. AnAfs-mill.
Kher-afeea, a mill worked by an afs.
Xalmo J.:^^ Sack, Saddle.
Khelm is a covering, or what covers the deer,
and ufed ty the Moors in Spain for a faddle, or
defence, for the back of a horfc, mule, or afs.
Xaquimate
( 101 >
Xaqulmate cjU jl^ Check-mate.
Xarave v';*** Syrup.
Xarcias (j^}j\ Ragging of a Ship.
Araeelh means the tackle. Kiflitec, of a yef-
fel; in general an ornament, or neceflary ac-
companiment.
Xeque i^^ Lord, or Governor.
Sheikh is a man of authority.
Xergon ^f^ . Straw-bed,
Jurzet is a bundle of ftraw to lie on.
Xerqucrieu ^G^^ja Slaughter- houfe.
Jcrz is cutthig up, and Kherka is cattle, the
two words are in Spanifh pux together, and
made one.
, z.
Zahorar J^^^ To Gorge and be fulL
Zekhar is full, gorged with meat.
H 3 Zambra
( 102 )
Zambra jj) A Boat.
Zumber, a ikiff, yawl ; alfo a Moorifh dance.
Zumbar J^yyj To Buzz, and Hum.
Zumbour is a bee.
Zorro ^jOyjj Fraud, Deceit, a Cheat, a
cunning Fox.
Beezare.
Zubia L^[) Place vyhere Waters meet.
Zab is a fountain, or fpring, from water col-
leded in the ground.
Zaquizami /^"Uw 'wtjuw Exalted Roof, a
Place between
the Plaftering
and the Roof.
Sukf fan^ec are two words in Arabic, andr
mean re of high, or high roof.
jREMAINS
REMAINS OF ARABIC
IN THE
PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE.
FJREFACE.
The Portuguejfe language, like moft other
modern tongues, is made up of a mixture of
Greek, Latin, Aratic, French, and Italian
terms. The Romans, during their refidence
in Spain and Portugal, eftabliflied themfelves
and their language with equal fuccefs, ^nd
the inhabitants continued to fpeak the Roman
purely, even after they had got rid of the
conqueror and ftiaken off his yoke.
To the Romans fucceeded the Goths, and
during their reign the Latin continued to be
ufed, though it gradually declined, and ceafed
to be vulgarly fpoken about the time it bc--
came, in great meafure, colloquially extindl
in the year five hundred and eighty-feven in
Italy. In the eighth century the Moors in-
vaded the Spanifli and Portuguefe, and
changed their ancient idioms, and from that
^-arofe the modern language of thofe nations;
that.
( io6 )
that, in procefs of time, has received the po-
lifh and perfeclion at which it is now arrived:
there are flill many lyatin and Greek terms in
them, and Arabic words enough to compile
a dicSionary, as Scalier long ago obferved,
in his letter to Pontanus, p. 489, edit. Elzevir.
1627.
The'moft vakiable part, perhaps, of thefe
fmajl etymological trads is their certainty,
and the little obligation they have to hypo-
thefis and conjecture. If, indeed, the Spa-
j)i£b. and Portuguefe words are as different
ftpm the Arabic as Jour is from Diurne, and
Diner from Digiunar, or Gain from Unus,
through Unare, Coadunare, Guadagnar. Gag-
ner. Gain ; yet their derivatipns are as clear^^
and incontrovertible, as will be feen by a Uight'
attention to the changes the Arabic has un-
dergone in its accommodation to the Spanr/h
apd Portuguefe pronunciation, and want of
cprrefponding letters to thofe of the Moorifli*
alphabet. This w ill appear to {>e the cafe in-
the following examples in Portnguefe :' At- '
inofalla;, Alfella, Alfcloa, Almofaja, are in
Arabic
( 107 )
Arabic Almahalla, Alhella, Alhelua, Almo-
hafla, owing to the choice or neceffity the
Portuguefe were under of changing the Ara*
bic ^ Hha or double H, with a ftrong pero-
ral afpiration, into their own F, and fometimes
into an S, as, for Herdun, to write, Sardad.
In the fame manner they have converted the
Kha -;, ftill more af^)irated, into F ; and Al-
chalTe, Alchozama, Alchanjar, are become
with them Alface, Alfazema, Alfange.
To the guttural Ain c they have very
properly added an A, in Abda a province,
Abdallah, a proper name, and Alacir a vine-
yard ; Aabda, Aabdallah, Aabacir, to diftin-
guilh the Ain from the Alif.
B is changed by the Portuguefe into V in
many words borrowed from the Arabians;
^3, Alvara, Alvaiade, Alverca, Alvi^aras, Al-
vanel, Alyarraa, which in Arabic are, Albara,
a fchedule; Albaiade, a drug; Alberca, a town;
Albefliara, good news ; Albennee, a building,
and official name; Albarran, a Chibol,
The letter B undergoes another change into
M, in Albondeca and Barran, which are, in
fortuguefe.
( 108 >
Portugiiefe, Almondega, a forced-meat-ball,
and Marran, a little pig.
The letter T is found to be changed inta
D, m the word Ataud, frpm Attabut, a box.
(j is turned into L, in Lezirias, from Gezeeret,
an ifland, and into Z, ia Zeduaria, a plant
with" a purgative root, from Geduar. Z be-
comes G, in Algeroz, from Alzarub, a water-
pipe, and in Girafalte, from Zorofat, the Fal-
con Gi|-afalte.
S becomes Z, i^. Zurame,, from Solhame, a
cloak of the fineft wool ; and L an R, as in
Nobres, and Ingraterra*
: The He is changed into F, i^ Refens, from.
Pehjn, a pledge or pawn, {^^j..
In compliance with an ordpr of fefae Royal
Academy of Lilbon, Fran. Joao de Soui|^;
publiihed, in 1789, a lexicon^ :in which, he
traced the Arabic language all through the
Portuguefe, and improved and ;corred:ed the
works of Duarte Nuncs de Lcao, the beft that
had appeared on the origin of the Porituguele
language, firll in l630, then in 1781. Af-
t^ Nunes canae Manoel de Fari^, and Sou/k{
in.
( 109 )
in his Portuguefe Europe, torn. iii. part. iv.
cap. 10. but without addition or correfiion ;
Faria 'reduced the number of Arabic words,
two hundred and feven in Nunes, to one hun-
dred and fix, alid gave no reafon f or fo doing.
In 1712 followed Bhiteau, who derived but
few words from the Arabic either, fays Joao de
Soufa, becaufe he knew little himfelf, or co-
pied thofe who knew ftill lefs of the language
of the Moors.
In the year 1790, Joao de Soufa copied
and tranflated, at the recommendation of the
Royal Academy of Lifbon, the Arabic docu-
ments in the royal Archives, relative to the
Portugueie Hiftory, or at leaft a felcdion of
fuch as were of any importance. Ihe title
of his book is, Documcntos Arabicos para a
Hiftoria Fortugueza copiados dos Originales da
Torre do Tombo com Pcrmiilion de S. Ma-
gellade, e vcrtidos em Portugucz pur Fr.
Joao de Soufa. Thefe documents confift of
letters to and from D. ?>Ianoel, king of Portugal .
The firil: letter is from the governor of Ca-
nanore to the king D, ManocI, and begins
with
( no )
with all the pomp of the Eaft, "' To the great
and glorious fovereign, judge, and fultan of
exalted height. (The word Mulla, or Mawla,
means fometimes Judge, Omnipotent* from
whom there is no appeal.) Lord of fea and
land, difpenfer of all bleffings in all places,
pofleiTor of the kingdoms of your enemies,
monarch of the Eaft and Weft; in govern-
ment both good and great, a veteran in war,
mafter of the fword and the pen, of extenfive
liberality and perfect juftice. May Godj)er-
petuate your reign for ever and ever.'* This
letter is an anfwer to one of the kings, and
dated November 8, axth of Moharram, 1503,
from the leaft of the king's fervants, Genee-
geer Corobe, who had been appointed go-
vernor of Cananore by Cotelery, and retained
by D. Vafco da Gama with the title of Gua-
zil. Cotelery was the king with whom
Vafco da Gama made peace in 1502.
Letter II. is from the llime governor to
D. Vafco da Gama, viceroy of India, praying
him to recommend Genecgcer Corobe to the
notice of every Capitano Mor, or command-
ant,
( 111 )
ant, that Ihall be fent to Canaiiore, and to
charge them "tvith orders from the king to
fliew the governor every mark of amity and
diftinftion. May 27, 1503.
Letter III. from D. iManoel to the dwell-
ers in Azamor, in Arabic, by Abdalla Rahei-
aiii, A^rabic fecretary to the krng, requiring
them to fend the ufual tribute of the thoufand
meafures of corn, January 22, 1504. From
Liibon, in 1508, D. ManOel fent a fleet
againil Azamof commanded by D. John de
Menereis.
No. IV. is from the Moradores, dv^^ellera
of Zafy, to the king D. Manoel, with a long
hiftory of grievances ^gainft tyrannical rulers
and neighbours, to which they were as oppo-
fite as animals, that prey one on another, July
2, I609.
Zafy, Azafia, or Saffia, lies at the bottom
of a gulf in the Atlantic, near the mouth of
the river Tenfift, 85 m. S. W, of Azamor,
No. V. is from Aly Ben Saied to D. M.
king of Portugal. The writer complains of
D. John de Menercs, who laid on forty
ounces.
( U2 )
ounces, equal to ninety reis per ounce', on
every man's taxes, without carrying it into
the royal account. Ninety reis make four
vintins and a half, or five pence nearly.
Aly Ben Saied was governor of the Moors
in Azaraor.
Letter VI. from Ibraheem, king of Cale-
cuJti to D. Manoel, king of Portugal. Ma-
noueel. Sultan of Pertekal.
The purport of the letter is to entreat his
majefty to give ftrift orders to all Portuguefe,.
w^ho fliall wifh to enter into amity, and be at
peace with the men of Calecut, to treat them
with mildnefs, and not ufe force to obtain
contributions which is out of their power to
give, Augull 6, 1509. The addrefs of the
the letter is,
'' To the great fultan and munificent king,
Don Manoucel, May God prolong his glory,:
and make theMuflulmenufeful to him. Amen."
Letter
( 113 )
Letter VII. From the principal men of the
province of Sharkeea, toDon Manoueel, king
of Portugal, and the Algarves, Lord of Ga-
noua, or Guinea, and the Zeheban, that is, the
two gold mines.
This is an anfvver to a letter from the king,
praying to enter into a treaty of commerce
with his majefty, and promifing to be faith-
ful and obedient vaflals. February i6, 15 lo.
Salem Ben Omar, who figns himfelf Sheikh
of the cuftoms of Sherkeea, was among the
head men of the province allied, and tributary
to Manoueel.
Letter VIII. From the inhabitants of
Mefle to Don Manoueel, king of Portugal.
*' The dwellers inMaflc in particular, and in
general, the old, the men of full age, and fc-
beean, young men and boys, to the king of
Portugal, their fovereign, with thanks for the
benefits conferred on them, and prayers for
future protedion againft their neighbours who
laugh them to fcorn, for living under the go-
vernment of a Chriftian ; and many are the
floors that fay, they' have taken great pains
I to
< 114 )
to lue for the protection of a Cbriftian prince;
but it is plain to fee, thanks be to God, that
they have neither fecurity, refped:, noi? proper*
ty\ January r, 1510.'*
Maffe lies between Zafy and Taftan, in
the Atlantic. Abderrahman, mentioned in
the letter, governed the Moors of Zafy, in
the. place of Yahya Ben Tafufa. Mafla was
formerly Temeft, and lies at the foot of Ai--
diiacal, a part of Atlas.
Letter IX. From A^an Mobaty to Nuno
Fernandes de Ataide. Ajan Mabaty was
Sheikh of the cuftoms of Abda. Nuno Fer-
Dandes was governor of Ataide. Kovember
l(j, 1511.
Letter X. From Haji HolTein Rakan, king
of Calecut> to Don Manoueel^ king of Por-
tugal.
Ilaji Hoflein Rakan, wds fon of Moliara-
nied, king of Calecut, and grandfon of Za-
morce. Alfonlb of Albuquerque had, by his
ambatlador,. made peace with Mohammed at
(joa, in l5og. June l?, 1511.
Letter XL From de RaQied Reken Wafeel
- ■ ■ of
( 115 )
of Hormui, to Don Manoueel, king of Por-
tugal.
'* May the odour of fincerity waft with
this its fweeteft perfume to the magnanimous
fovereign, Don Manoueel, whom God has de-
ftined to be completely happy.
" After killing your Toyal feety I lay be-
fore them the communications I have from
Damafcus, of the marching of the king of
Room (fultan f»jJ^) againft the Franks to-
wards Suez, and of the Shah of Perfia againft
Diarbekr, and the total route of the army of
the king of Room, in the abfence of theif
monarch* What we mojfl earneflly pray
your majefty is, that your majefty will ne-
ver ceafe to care for your kingdom of Hor-*
muz." March 27, 1511.
Ralhed Reken, was governor of Hormuz,
appointed by the chief captain Antonio da
Silveira, who fucceeded in the magiftracy of
Shereef the Guarda Mor of the king of
Hormuz. See the Chronicle of King Manoueel,
Part iii. p. 57. The Chronicle of the king,
as quoted here, is referred to copftantly by
I 2 Soufa
( 116 )
Soufa in his notes. On Letter III. fee part
i. cap. 27. On Letter JV. part iii. cap. 12.
iLetter V. part ii. cj^p. 27. Letter VL part
i. 40. Letter VIIL part iii. 24. Letter X^
part iii. p. 104. N. B. The name of the
writer of the letter is in Arabic {^j Reken,
but in the Porluguefe Zarkam. The Za
perhaps has fallen out.
Jvctter XIL
LAWS.
Punithments and pecuniary mulds which
Yahya Ben Tafufa eftablifhed for the go-
vernment of the province of Harras. This
Sheikh Abu Zacharia Yahya Ben Tafufa
Ben Mohammed, whofc glory God prolong,
is mentioned in the note to the eighth letter,
as having been fucceeded in his government
by Abderrahman, Feb. 3, 1512, This pa-
per is figned by thirty names, jVJobarak Ben
Omar the firfl, Mohammed Ben Amlam the
Jart.
Praifc be to God alone ;
that is; one, or the Integer. O louvor
feju
( 117 )
feja dado a Deos fo, which differs widely from
fo a Deos, to God only, as the Portiiguefe has
it. God is one and whole, the Arabians fay,
and his creatures fractions.
FINES AND PUNISHMENTS.
The robber Ihall pay a fine of ten ounces,
(equal to four fliillings and fix-pence,) or one
one hundred dinheiros, (equal to four fhillings
and fix-pence,) N. B. An ounce is ninety
reis, or five pence, a dinheiro nine reis, of
which nine hundred make four fhillings and
fix-pence, or his hand fliall be cut off.
REMARK,
Hands are the offending part in robbing
and writing. Stubbs and Page loft their right
hands, by aftatute of PhiUp and Mary's reign,
for writing and difperfing feditious libels.
II. Whofoever Ihall ftrike w^ith a ftick or
a ftone, Ihall pay two ounces, or twenty din-
heiros.
III. Whofoever Ihall lay hands on ano-
ther man*s money, if he be a debtor, fhall
pay fifty dinheiros; if it be to rob, a hundred.
I 3 IV. If
( 118 )
IV. If p,ny one ftrikje another with the fift^
he fhall p^y two ounces.
V. Whofoerer Ihall cut his brixtber^ufr
fulman fhall pay a fine of two ounces, or
twenty dinheiros, and a kublh (ram) for the
wound.
VI. He w^ho Ihall furnifh arms or money
to runaway Moors in tirhe of war, ifiall pay
two ounces, or twenty dinheiros, (w^* j! aw
iliwb, or a tunick.
NOTE.
N. Bi The Portuguefe verCon ig,; €^ueui
armar conrerfa fobre os Mouros fugitivos, and
omits aw^ favyb. The Aratjic is l^ y^ {^j^
iyJiX>4^ Who lends, a Ihining fword, or furnifhes
a fugitive Moor w ith a cutting fword.
VII. If a woman treat her hufband with
contumely, {he fliall pay h;ilf ^n ounpc, or
five dinheiros, or a fheep.
VIII. If a man inveigh againft his wife,
an4 there are witnefles, he fliall p^jiy. five
ounces, ox fifty dinheiros, or fwear tliat he
had no bad intention,
IX. if
( 119 ->
IX. If a man be found in another's houfe
for any treacheroxis, or diflioneft purpofe, he
Ihall be fined ten ounces, or one hundred din-
heiros. -.*
X. He who commits adultery with the
wife of another Moorman, fliall pay one hun-
dred dinheiros from his hoard, and over and
above his wife fhall belong to the injured huf-
band,
XL The man that goes back to quarrel
with another, after he has been condemned by
the judge, Ihall pay twenty dinheiros, or a
tunick,
NOTE.
Sawb is a waiftcoat reaching down to the
knees, which the Moors w^ear in the fields in-
ftead of a Ihirt.
XII. Whofoever runs away in time of war,
his goods fliall be fequeliered, his houfe burnt,
and he baniflied from the king's dominions,
and out-lawed. His wife fliall be paid her
portion out of the fequefl:ration, and if any
man kill the fugitive, he fliall not be puniflied
as a murderer.
I 4 XIII. If
( 120 )
XIII. if a man alks to be paid a debt owed
to him, he muft firfi acquaint the governor of
the country, that he may fix a time for the
payment, and if the debtor fliall not pay at
the time appointed, the Kaeed of the place
fhall judge him as he may think fit.
NOTE.
Ahmed Ben Elhaje for whofe government
thefe la\^^s were eftablilhed, was the Sheikh
of the impofts of Harras, bordering^ on Du-
cala, the moll nqrthern province of Morocco.
Letter XIIL From Mohammed Shah, king
of Hormuz, to Don IManoueel, king of Por-
tugal.
The wTiter prays tp be relieved from one
half of the tribute of Hormuz, Aug. 27 > 1513.
NOTE.
Alphonfo de Albuquerque, vv ho had made
peace with Mohammed Shall, adjuited the
tribute Mohammed Shah was to pay yearly,
(Vid. Chron. part li. p. 56.) of fo many thou-
fand flierafins in gold, filvcr, and copper.
Letter
( 121 )
Letter XIV. From A§an Mobaty, to
Nuno Fernandes, of Ataide.
A^an Mobaty was a principal coUeSor ot
the impofts of Harras. The letter is on the
fubjed of exaftions in collefting the tribute,
and complaints of oppreffion. The writer
defires Nuno to give the bearer a prefent,
Inaam. This was a regular thing with the"
Moors, that the bearer of a letter Ihould be
paid by the receiver.
Letter XV. From the Shereef Mohammed^
king of Fez, to Don Manoueel, king of Por-
tugal.
Mohammed prays, that the velTels he is
about to fend to Algier and Tunis may be re-
fpeded by the Portuguefe, When they come
from the Eaft ; he was afraid of his veffels be-
ing taken by Vafco Fernandes Cefar, who
was then cruifing in the freights. Vid. Chron,
part iv. cap. 56.
Letter XV L From the fame, on the fame
fubjeft, to the fame. Jan. 30, 1514.
Letter XVIL From the king of Meleendo,
to Don Manoueel, king of Portugal.
A monarch
( ^2^ )
r A monarch is defcribed with a thoufand
brilliant titles, and at the end it is faid, '* Don
:Manoueel is he/' The king^ then tells his fo-
vereignaftory in the following terms: ''Know,
Sire, that heretofore there was a man, and
jjisn^me t?as Haleem, who was as liberal as
^b^ was rich^ and never turned away from any
petitioner, or exCufed himi^Jf for liot granting
what he aft €4. It fo happened, . that one
who wiihed to try his generofityto the ut-
,^oft^ c$in<5 to bis houfe. Haleem alked him
hi5 buiinefS;, .he anfwer^d, I am come for
your head. And what good would it do you,
replied Haleem, if you had ^ it?,jifnThere is a
king, fays the man, ii^ my neighbourhood,
who wiJl give naea thoufand ducats (deenar-
'4n) if I can bring him your head. ' Upon
which Haleena >yenc into an innerrroom, and
having gpt together a thoufand ducats, he
tiretche4 out hi§ neck to the man, and faid,
Take which you will, piy head or my mo-
ney. The man took the money and went
away. Your humble fervant. Sire, willies '
to make this experiment, and alks of a mo-
jparchj
{ 123 )
iiarch, who is more fortunate than Alexander^
fairer than the moon at full, braver than Ce-
far, whofp favoprs refresh like' the dew of the
fpring, to 1qo}c with pity on the people of
Meleendo, and Ihpwer down his bounty on
their neceflltiea.'' Here the writer exhayfts
himfelf in praife of th^ king, his mailer, and
makes his principal bufinefs an after-thought*
Sept. 30, 1515.
NOTE.
This is evidently derived from the ftory of
Hatim Tai, fo much celebrated for his libe-
rality throughout the Eaft. There has, per-
haps, then been fome miftake in the name,
made by a tranfcrlber, and inftead of Haleefn
it ftiould be written Hatim. The name
is written *aA^ in the letter. Hatim w^as
one of the Sehabeh or companions of Mo-
hammed.
Letter XIX. From Khaflibur Shah, go-
vernor of the port of Baruz, to Don Manoueel,
king of Portugal,
This letter in the name, and by the order
of
( 124 )
of king Azarkam, was written by the go-
vernor in the king's name. Azarkam was
governor of the Ille of Baruz frontier, and
fubjecl: to the Ifle of Sumatra, whofe fove-
reign was Khalhbur Shah. April g, 15 16.
ThefubjteA is the inhabitants, and their want
of protedion, who defire to be relieved, and
allowed to pay twenty thoufand flierafins in-
itead of twenty-five thoufand.
Letter XXVI. From Abderrahman Ben
Hadu Almaztradee, called by Soufa Haduxa,
without the other name.
*' Praife be to the one God, and Manoueel,
king of Portugal, Ducala, and the Indies ;
may God add to his victories, and increafe his
glory. Abderrahman enumerates his fervices
to the king, talks of his having taken for the
king thirty duar, or villages, each confiding
of fifty, lixty, or a hundred tents, made of
platted horfe-hair, for which he had not been
thanked, or received any anfwer to his letter
announcing it. That he had loft men and
cattle in abundance, and had no hope but in
^e royal countenance and fupport againft the
^^ Moors.'-
( 125 )
Moors." May 6, 15J7. Abderrahman lived
in the province of Naamei, and had in his
ftables more than a thoufand horfes, with which
^he waged war with the king of Fez.
N. B. The remaining letters, w ith a few-
exceptions, are to D. Joao III. from Meer
Abanafar Shah, fon of Seifeddin, king of Hor-
muz, Aug. 8, 1523 ; from the Shereef of Fez,
May 26, 152-1; and from various perfons.
From l^lbattar, chief of the aUied Arabs, who
lived in the neighbourhood of Azamor, and
collected the tribute paid to the crown of Por-
tugal. N. B, This is the laft letter to Joao
with a date, Nov. 3, 1520.
KEMAINS
REMAINS OF ARABIC
IN TH18
POMTUGFESE JLANGUAOE.
poaxtrciUESE. arabic. englism*
Abba, Za Celaffe Padre Serva. da T-rl-
nidade, trcs pdToas,
Za is pthiopic.
This is the Arabic word «xi\Xi' three, with
Abba, father, prefixed. Father, fervant of the
Trinity.
Abderrahman (^L^JlJs^c Servant of the
merciful.
Alcunha isjj^\ Surname, nickname, fome*
Alkenh.. thing, fubftance of any
thing, mode, fum.
Abuna
( 138 )
Abuna bVl Noftro padre, Our Father.
Abxi»tn /^KK>.A2bN Any thing black, an
Ethiopian.
Ajacalador ^JJuwl Burnilher of fwords.
Afkcl.
The word is formed from the Arabic JJu^,
with the article prefixed, and the Portuguefe
termination. The Arabic is properly written
with a Sfad,
Ajafatc ^JLjUukJ ! Utenfil, houfehold fur-?
niture, a baiket.
Ajamo J^^ Kalter, or muzzle.
Accqulat «xaS'-^JI A Watering, or irriga-
tion, from Seka, and
Sekaiet, a man who
fupplies travellers with
water.
Achaquc
( m )
Achaquc /^UaJI Infirmity; from Shakec,
Axxagui. which, in the '^eighth
conjugation, is to be-
wail.
Acicato aXnJ I A Spur of one point • from
Axxacate. Shak, a Ihoot.
Acipipe
Azebibe.
UAAJ
u J I A Bunch of grapes, paffa
da uva.
Acinippo is a town in Hifpania Boetica> now
Jlonda la Vieja, on w^hofe coins is a bunch of
grapes. Acinum is a grape -done, with which
Anacreon is faid to have been choked. Plin. 1,
7. c. 7.
A9otea
Affotua.
^jl^r^
J!
The Ground-plot of a
houfe ; from Satapa,
to extend.
Agougue
Affoco.
ijiji^l
Market; from Sawk, a
place where men are
coUcded together.
. Ahli fawk the mar-
K
ket-people.
A^outaif
( ISO )
A9outakr
ioM
To Lafli> fcourge with a
Savata.
leather thong. Dar pan-
Sawt,
adas com cordas correas
de couro.
Adail
JxJcX'f
Shewing, a partbiple of
Addaleel.
the Surd verb JcS enii-
nar o caminho, to fliew
the way, where the
third radical is riot
heard.
Adarga
Adara.
Adaga.
t-^
Ol A Shield of leather, ufcd
formerly by the people
of Spain and Africa,;
from Daraa, to arm ; in
the eighth conjugation,
to arm yourfelf, and be
armed with a paffive fig-
nification.
Adarme '
Adderhcm.
,^jOJ^ Forty grains, a coin.
Aduana
( 131 )
Aduana
Aldeeuana.
^r^;JvJI
Hall of adminiftration
of public affairs. Dee-
wan means alfo an ac-
count-book, mufter-
roll, and military pay-
book.
Aldafe
Aldef.
•cXJI Afmgledrum, with one
fkin, alfo a cymbal,
tambour de Bafque in-
troduced into Spain and
Portugal by the Sara-
cens, called Pandeiro
by the Portuguefe.
Albarrada
,'v^l;U!
A Clay veflel, or pot,
in which flowers are
fet. Werd, as it is
called by the Arabi-
ans, is a rofe-tree.
Albergate
iCiJOjl
Morocco flippers, Cal-
Albalgat.
gado de Marroquin al-
parcas, Moorifh fhoes.
•■
K2
Alparcas
( 132, ),
Alparc^s arc made
of' pack-thread, and
fometimes of rufhes.
Alborgc ^yjj\ , A Tower. Borjon, for-
Alburj. ' trefs, or caftle.
Albornos ^'I;IaJ(
Albaranee.
Mequinezcs, cloaks
with hoods and
capes for winter
wear, made firft at
Maquinez in Africa.
Alcorec {j^JtJ\ Sweetmeats in fliapes
for feftivals.
Aljada
c:^lc^UJl
Princes, Lords, dc-
Alfadat.
fcendants of Moham-
med, Jufticc,
Alciado
"^aU»Jl
Dominion, govern-
Alfeeadet.
ment.
Alcaeed OoiJi) I A Prefident, or general* v
Aflento
( 133 )
Aflento de Madeira tXJUJ
Aflened.
A Plank of wood,
orthinihingle;in
low L^tin, Cen-
dula ; alfo a prop
on which another
leans*
Alanfe ^JJcssJ\
Alhanaxe.
Alardo o-^yJ I A Review of foldiers ; from
arada^ he appeared.
Alarife v^yxjl Architeft ; from Arfan,
knowing, intelligent,
fcientific.
Albafor jyss^l Incenfe, perfume in
Albachur. Perfian.
Albalequim
Albalegeen.
lA
L^'
aJUI
K^
The Age of Pu-
berty, fourteen
for men, and
twelve for wo-
meno
,( 134 )
men. Fromba-
}ig|i, arrived af.
reached^, fuU,
perfeft.
Albarda • A^O^ilJ 1 Covering of ftraw for
Albardaa. beafts of burden.
' Bardan means in
Perfian, a repofi^
tory for travellers'
goods, and poles
fupportjng awn-
ings.
Alcatifa aaaIoaJ I A carpql:^ oj cloth, vvith
Alketeefct. a long pile.
Almogaures j^(jlJ\
A Warrior, and
iparauder, qt\^
who rnakes ^^^r
curfions to
plunder, and lay
waftc. From
Ghar.
Alcuzcz
( >35 )
Alcuzcz ^lv3oCj(
Alguzar.
Somnolency. Khab
guzar^ fleepy , lethar-
gick, going to fleep.
Khan,b is left out in
Portuguefe.
Alfadael JuLiiJl Liberality, virtues, ex-
Alfadaeel. cellencies.
Alfitra yjUl
Alfytr.
Augc
Auj.
rJ>'
Tribute of the Moor to the
king of Portugal. Alms
given upon an Aeed, or a
grand feftivaU caljed Aeed
iytr.
Acme of good fortune, the
top. or fummit. Auj She-
ref the fortunate afped
or afceadant of a ftar.
Alca(jus Umj^kJI ^t^ Root of the plant
Arqueffus. Sus, or liquorice.
K4
Alcanfof
( 130 )
Alcanfor jjh\Jj\ Camphire. Shama Ka-
Alcafur. fooree, a camphorated
wax-candle.
' , , J \V:i[ ■■-. :> ,-,. ■.
Adela . iu l<3 A Woman that cries goods
for fale in the ftreets.
From Dalet, becoming
public.
Agoa ^/
Com t^oas paffaos naon moc o minho.
The- mill cannot grind with water that has
left it, Thrs is alfo an Arabic proverb :
There is no turning of the mill by water be-
low it, or water already pafled.
Albaraa o'j^' Onion. Bufulu 1 faur,
Albaran. wild onion.
Albaraa Cj^ Rude, rullic.
Berec.
Alvafi
( V37 >)
Alvafi ' r^UJI ThaCadyj ojr Judge,
Alcazi.
Arratel cjis^ A pound of twelve ounces*
Retel.
Arreme^ar
L5^;
To throw from tho
Remee.
«*
hand, or he threw
(a dart).
Azmodeo
Z^J-t)l
Tempter, From Az-
Azmudo.
mudentotry, here
it is in the paffive,
tempted.
Ate ^^^^Jii. Untill. In Spanilh Hafta,
Hettee. from the fame word.
Abra ^jjc A Bay, or anchorage for
fliips, difFering from a bar>
is from abir, to enter in,
and pafs from one fide to
another. Abr is alfo a
ihore, or margin.
( ^^ )
A^afrao (^lyLcJI* Spicery. Ateardan a box
Azzafaran. for fpiceries.
A5ofifa
C-Uo^l
Aigudc ^p^5
Alfeeb atid Alfeev, ojr
Seef, an apple. Ma-
<5aa de Nafega.
Alfedd, or fedd, an ob-
ftruftion. Sedd Yajouj
u Majouj, the wall of
Gog and Magog.
Acafelar Jkjp Kufl, a lock- To lock up,
fechar com cadeado
vofla mulher.
Adibo Vh^O Addeeb, a wolf; a thief^ ia
German. Dicb from the
Arabic, fo alfo the Saxoil,
from whence we have it.
Dau'z zeeb is the wolf's
difcafe, or hunger.
A4pb.e
( m )
Adobe ^J^}
Adubo (^j^
Alabao <jIaXJ!
Attobi, a fpecies oi briqt
dried in the fun.
Sweet fpiceries. Tubee
in Arabic. Addaffa, a
lattice. Janella conx
adufa, from ^s^O deffet,
two boards put toge-
ther. Deffe'l kitaub
the boards of a book.
AUabban, ewes full of
milk ; from Leban, a
breaft of milk. Ak-
huobilibani ummihi,
a brother of my mor
ther's milk, i. e, a
fofter-brother.
Azenha U/^I Afeea, a mill. Aufeeaub,
a water-mill.
Alface .i^>^^s:Jl
AlchaiTe.
A weed, a thiftlc.
Alfazema,
( 140 )
Alfazema A^i3:\JI An aromatic plant
Alchozama.
Alfangc
^Ichanjc
fpJckJ
lar.
Allhofalla A%.if
^Imahalla.
A ihort" broad fword
in Turkilh.
A field of battle.
Alfella <^;snJ' An encampment, from
Alhella. Hel, to reft and ftay.
Alfeloa ' jaAzstJ
Alhelua,
A Sweetmeat
Almofaqa
Almohafla.
A*wcsXyJI A Curry-comb.
Azafama
Azzahma.
A^
jl A Crowd. Mecca is
called Um Azzahm.
mother of the croWa.
4zagaya ^j^^^ ' Alchazeca, a Moorifii
lance for cavalry-
BAL19
( 141 )
B,
Balio
Wely.
Bedeni
Beden.
/Jj Prefiding over, governing,
Senhor principe.
MjOvJ Capa, a cloak, an orna«
mental girdle, worn by
the Arabian ladies. A
ihort coat of naail.
Beledulgerid ^^fP^ '<^^ City of palm-
Beladulgereed. branches.
Bledeljerrede pronounced.
Beleguins iX;
Belegh.
An Officer of jufticc who
follows, watches, and
feizes. Belegh, obtain-
ing, confummating.
Bezuar pedra JbJ <j^b Expeller of polfon.
Bad zelvr, Bczoar ftone, or
antidote.
Boun
( 142 )
Boun
U^
Coffee berries before roall-
ing. Ograo antes de fer
torrado.
Bofa rinheiro
Bulhenna.
AAis^J
!^
A Vender of aU
henna, or hen.
na, the dyirtg,
colouring herb,
Lawfonia in-
ermis. The
Arabic word
for buying alid
felling is Beea;
Buzidan
O'^J?:!
Borax
'4J
Root of a herb in In-
dia, called Tefticu-
los da Rapofa. Fox-
ftones. Avicena/55.
no.
Nitre, borax ufed in folder-
ing gold, called Burei
zcrgeran. • Tinkaur Per-
fian, whence Tinkal in
German.
Badajos
( 143 )
Badajos QivxxJIOs^l/
Beladulae^ih.
Bacoro
Ballamo
Belefan.
Balcam
J
U
Land of fupporfo la
the Nubian Geogra-
phy it is Badalius,
and anciently was fo
pronounced. It is
now a eitypf Eftre-
maduraon-the Gua*
diana.
Bekar, cattle, cows of a
fmali breed, a little pig;
^LkkAJ
AJlcL^U
The Balfam-tree.
Balfam.
A Balcony.
Calatayub y^jj *Sjd3
Fortrefs of Aiub,
Job, the Moor
who founded it
in Arragon. Vid*
Geogr. Nubienf.
Cacerbcn
Cacerben Danes ^jJIt^ (J^ys^ Fortrefs of
the fon of
Danes, the
founder.
N. B. The Moors call their houfes after the
names of the founders. The Spaniards from the
names of the lands, as in France and Scotland.
Caraqa Ol j> Kerad, a tike.
Chafkris ^jlx^j Xacarige, a fountain
with a fpout, or
without one.
Cufcus (j^JL^'^ A Gake made of flour ,
and water in Africa.
Caba aax/' A Square houfe, with the
article, the Temple at
Mecca.
Cava dj<:ssS^ Mulier ma, an adultrefs.
Cabh4.
Zaia
( 145 )
Zaia 5^ao a Prayer, benediftion. Af-
Selat. felat arrabeet. The Lord's
Prayer.
Ceroulas <JUt^
Breeches.
Serwal.
Chita u^ A Shield of leather for the
Kef. hand, like a ceftus, ufed by
Periian foldiers.
Corgi Baxi (5=^;^ Ls'^W Captain of a
Bafliee Corjee. troop. Bafiia
in Turkifh.
Cordovam ^^*ULj*
Cortobanee.
Cordovan. At Cor-
dova was the firft
<
fabrick of leather
in imitation of
Morocco.
Calahorra ^ .-^J 1 jotJo
A City of Old
Calat'lhora,
Caftille. A
fort of ilones
on a hill.
3^.
Calattava
Calatrava ujljjl AjJi A City of New
Calaterab. Caftille, a land
fortrefs.
Zarafo
Serraf.
}yk<2
A Money-changer.
Chocarreiro 5,X^^ Ridiculing, fneering>
Sukhurct.
D.
Dervixe CJ^J^<^ Dervife, a religious
Dcrveifh. monk. Derveifliec,
^ poverty.
Debul J 4JcS A Calamity, a wound in
the lungs. Aviccnna,
cap. 2. p. 26.
jDurazios ;j>^L/<^
Derakin duraqucno, a
ipeciesj or fort of Per-
fian peach that is
white
( 147 )
white and of deli-
cious flavour.
E.
Elche j^C
Alej.
Elixir jKmJ3\
Alikfcen
A Profelyte, from one re-
ligion to another. A
man wavering between
two opinions ; like a ca-
mel, whofe pace is, in
Arabic, Alej an.
A Fifth effence ; the phi-
lofopher's ftone, Elik-
fir doulet, the elixir of
fortune.
Endivia
Hendeb.
LJ^A*
Endive, fuccory
Enganar oi>^ ^ Deceiver, betrayer.
Kawwan.
Pronounced Khan^ with En prefixed and Ar
added.
L2
Fasquia.
( 1^« )
F.
Fasquia AASNfwi Fafchcea, alath; from
Faikh, a divifion,
fplitting.
Fanfarram j\J^ Loquacious, boafting.
Ferfar.
Fca (^ Learning, fcience. Fen achlak,
the fcience of Ethicks.
Frangau ^j^ A Cliick. Gallo pequeno*
Furuj.
Fulus (j^^y^ A Coin, worth half a
real, 2§d.
G
Gab AM Us^ A Short tunic open before.
Keba.
Gafar ^ii Small Tribute, paid by the
Jews and Chriftians to the
. Turks.
Garabia
( 149 )
Garabia
Gherbee
•^■f
Garbon.
Garrama
Gheraum.
(9
The Weft, Weftern.
Ghereem means a debtor,
a prayer of tribute, and
Gheram a debt which
muft be paid.
Gazua j ic Making war, an aft of con-
Ghizou. vocation to religious waf .
Gindi
Gota
Gout.
(^cXa2*. a Soldier.
oy^ Pains in the feet.
Guadalabiar J^^^ ^'j
Rio OS po<5os,
bccron o poqo,
a well. Abiar
OS poqos.
Guadelcacer yyoiJI OU The River of
the palace.
L3
Guadelcaru
( 150 )
Guadelcaru j^^lsiOf OU River of relief^
aid, or defence,
a city of New
Caftille built
on it.
Chare in Perfian has the fame meaning as our
word Char, affiftance of any fort, or time, in
performing odd jobs. The S^xon word is the
fame.
Gudalhanar (vjjj'-aJI <^U The river of the
Guadafanar. Phanos, prLight-
houfe.
Guadelmedina aJucX^ ! tS U River of the city.
Gi^adeluppo ^^aJI OU Vade lub, a river of
New Caftille, Rio
de Seio, Geograh.
r; ; ,^ Nubienf. river ot
the bay.
puadiana : Ub iilj Paffage of the Yan^.
O Guitarnr
( 351 )
Guitam ^UaS An iuftrument of muiic with
four ftrings. ^Ij' ^Uw char tan
Guita
Kheet.
JLsa::^
ASa.
Pack-thread.
H
Ha MET cXy^swl Ahmet, proper name of k
man.
Hodamo JJaZ Odamo, Something great ;
from jLic.
Hued el barbar ^>aJI cilj Vad elbarbar, Rio
caudalofo, long-
tailed, de Barberia,
rifmg on Mount
Atlas and running
into theMediter.
ranean.
Hyfopo, Azob '^Jj^' Azzof, a herb.
L4
Ia£Z£9
( J52 )
J.
Jaezes J 1-4^ Jehaze, the trappings, arrcios,
of a horfe, hum cavallo.
Janizaro (^JUx}\ Vox Turca, Anquifaria^
a new troop.
Jarra i\:i^ Jarra, Jar.
Jafmin ;^Ay>wIj Jafemin.
Javali /^Xa^ Jabali, wild mountain hog.
Joia T^J^ Jauhar, a Ihining fubftance.
K.
Kabk LlTLa/ Kebaq, a partridge, or galena,
from the found it utters of
Keback.
Kanifat el Gorab a>^aa/ A congregation of
Algirda do Gorvo cj!-jLM crow^^.
Kequengc
( 153 )
Kequenge or Alaquenge -^UTl/ Cacange Phy-
falls, aMoor-
ifli plant,
Alkekenge of Tournefort.
Kiarchamber .^JLiyLcL Chiarxambar, cana
fiftula.
Kac^abe <xa^sS Cafabe, where fugar-cancs
grow. Caitnavial de aqucan
Lac A lJJ Lacca, fcarlet colour, extra 6led
from the juice of a plant*
Lacaio cJ'^ Lekee, a fervant, any thing
Lackey. thrown away as worthlefs.
Laqueca max^ Aqulca, cornelian, precious
ftone of a red colour like a
garnet, ftanching blood.
Larim
( "4 )
3u<arini ^j3 Larlm^ a Perfiah coin from the
town of Larim, worth fixty
reis, 3 d» two-tenths.
Lafcarim
^/-^
A cavaky foMier.
X-afcareem.
^
l/Czirias
^y^
Jazirat, ifland.
IJUnao
0>rJS'
Laimun, lemon.
Locafa (3^AJ Lacaha, a company, tribe.
Lofada l:s^JU Lafaha, a ftrong guft of wind,
Lohoc v,JoJ Lo 6q, from Laaca lamber,
to lick.
jLuIetem ^^^ Luleeteim, two pearls.
^iV^AGAON ^jjsxaaU a place in Africa in the
province of Ducala ;
meaning alfo {linking
water.
Macio
( IW )
Macio ^^tV^J^ Maclo, fmooth. From Ma-*
^aha, poliflied.
Madraqal A>ai;tX^ Madraqa. From Dara^a,
he ftudied, a fchool for
reading and writing.
Madrid Cjf^U Maajreet. From Maajireet,
Madrit. running water, therefore
rightly called Madrit.
Magos ^JMJS^^ Majus, Majician, or fearcher
into myfteries, philofopher.
Mameluco CiTlX^^ Bought. Apurchafedllave*
Mancebo u^a^jJ^ Manfubon^ an enamoured
perfon.
Mandil ^.tX-vt Mandeel, a hair-cloth, ^
coarfe apron.
Mangil J<?:w A fcjtlic.
Mapchll^
Mai
( 156 )
Mar ^U Synonimous with Senlior fanto,
alfo a Lord, and rich man.
Maracotuon ^]c3\jJ A yellow peach grafted on
Saracoton a quince tree, woolly on
Woolly. the outfide.
Maravcdi
Marabateen.
People of Arabia, of the
fed; of Ali, oppofed to
Omar. From Rabata,
firm, compadl; which
the fe£l of Omar was
not. Maravedi is a word
ufed in reckoning, but
no coin.
Marlotu aLJ^ A Ihort drefs of the Per-
fians and Indians.
'Marquezita zj^.^ Piritcs in the veins of
metals.
Maftica aXLuo^ Maftich, commonly called
almccga.
Mafcara
i 157 )
Mafcara jt-snw^ Scoff and jeft; front
Sachara, in the fourth
conjugation.
«
Matamorra ^ij.:^.!^^ Cellar to keep v/heat
Matmuro. in ; from Tamar, to
hide under ground.
Matraca AiJo^ A wooden rattle with two
iron-rings, ufed to call
priefts to the choir in the
holy week;
From Terk, flriking a harp or lute. The an-
cients ufed rings at doors inftead of knockers, of
which Almeloveen has given us a plate, in Con-
jeftanea, p. 15C. 12mo. Amftel. l685.
** For -none but that in honour live fhall touch my ring.''
Matruxibaxi rJi^^ /^.iia^ Carrier of water
in fkins, or prin-
cipal water-car-
rier.
Mefquinho
( 15d )
Mcfquinho ^jcbv^*^ Poor, indigene.
Mulana U^j^ Our Lord.
Motrias y^ I Jk« A fite in Sentarem, fourf^h
miles from Lilbon. San-
tarem, or Santa Irene. Alfo
a bar, or bolt, acrofs a door.
From Turs, a fhield, or fe-
curity.
Mexuar jyi^^ An audience chamber, a place
of confultation, to deliberate
^ in, where the king gives au-
dience.
Naru^o (j^t*';-' Narges, narciffus.
Nataf u^liaj ^noily mineral earth afford-
ing bitumen, ufed for burn-
ing like pit-coal. From Na-
tafqt, fliedding, flowing.
Nacar
:it
C 150 )
Nacar lUu Nacar^ painting of various co-
lours.
Nora V3^^ N^ura,, hydraulic machine,
ufed to draw water oi^t of
wells, cifterns, rivers.
Noradin {j^j^^J^^ Nureddin, light of re-
ligion,
Nunged tX^ljj Nauajed, tl^e, grinders*
Soufa quotes Avicenna, cap. v. p. 11» Thi
word for grinders is, v-j^ the plural of ujIJ
naub.
o.
pLEiD Ahmet v^.^' -J^J Ueleed Ahmed,
■ ' a family fta:rrie',
a praife worthy
child, worthy
fon. Ahmed is
one of the names
ofMohammed,
Oquia
( l6o )
Oquia <V^ Uakia, an ounce. Twenty
ounces of gold make two
hundred and forty cruzados .
Oxafe aAJI l>ij! Enxa Allah, may it pleafe
God,
Papaoaio ^Lxaj Parrot.
Bebagha. ;_
Paparras (j^'JI ^2^ Habberras, Seed for the
head. An herb called
Piolheira, whofe feed
kills, OS piolhos, lice.
Pateo iisN^J Pathaton.
f
r^^
N. B. Pateo is a court, or yard. From 'utoltoq.
via cal5ata, in Greek. Soufa's word Bethet is
the flature of a man.
Pato loj Batton, a goofe, or duck.
Pagoda
( 161 )
Pagoda
Betkhoda.
Pendao
tOck c:
c:^
God's image, idol,
temple.
cXaj Bendorin Perfian, a ftandard
with ftreamers carried in
proceffions.
Pir Beq ^^-^X^j-} Pir bee ; a Turkifli word
of military dignity, of
the rank of colonel.
Q
QlTIRAT
Liy;
Quirat : a carat, a feed of
Alfarroba, St. John's
bread, fix grains of
wheat, iifed by lliop
keepers.
R,
Rabique OljaI) Raveek, faCe-ornament ;
■^JU
M
from Rue, or Ravac.
Recova
( 162 )
Recova ^J^J Rocoba, A company of horfe-
men, an attendant on horfe-
men. Rekubu'l koufej, the
cavalcade of an old man with-
out a beard, in the Perfian
Mafquerade, at the end of
winter.
Re cruel fa
^u^j
Refma ^^JJ
Rihana
Robe
Roca
aJLstu
^J
A little loaf with a hole
in it, ufed in the pro-
vince of Minho. A
loaf in the fhape of a
- ring at Oporto.
Refma de papel ; from Ra-
zama, a ream of paper.
Reehana, a garden, an
odoriferous herb.
V;
As
U^
Fruit boiled to the confiftence
of honey.
Roca, (rock,) a diftafF for fpin-
ning thread, or wool, and
cotton.
Ro
maa
( 103 )
llomaa
i^l^j Rumman, the pomegranate.
Rummani, like a pomegra-
nate. Rummauyet, a difh
dreffed with the feeds and
juice of pomegranates.
S A c A a/Lj a duty for goods embarked.
Safena (^^1^ A vein of the knee divided
into three branches.
SafFo /^Lijoj
Sigapejo, or Sagapeno
Saflio, the fkin of a conger,
or hke it ; is derived from
Seflon, a bottom, or low
place.
<Xkw a fort of gum
much ufed
inthelhops.
Sagres Ji^ Sacron, a piece of artillery
fo called.
M2
Saguc.o
{ 164 • )
Saguao, Xaquau
s^:srw3 A Latin word, ex-
itus; in French
egput, a driiin,
Soufa derives it
from Senn.
Salamandra
Samandr.
jO^X^M
A lizard.
Sambuco Olj^xw <^jx^^ Boat, or pinnace.
Samerga Ah^j^>m An cxpofed fituation,
open to the fun.
Sanco
^'U
A bird's leg.
Sak.
Sejana
(-JsS^>^
Prifon. Chain.
Sardam
OJ^j^
A green lizard fromLy-
bia, the land croco-
dile.
SarjentQ <Jf3^j>^ Sarjeng, a non-com-
miflioned officer ;
from
( I6$
)
from Ser, head, and
Jung, war. In Dutch
Serjeant, as in Englifli.
Sarralho
^•j-
Saraee, a palace.
Sarraquinos
c;^';"^
Robbers ; from
Saraca, to rob.
Seara de trigo
^j:^\.^
Sahra, corn, juft be-
fore it is cut.
Sebel <J^>osM Sebel, vea febel with two
eyes, which phyficians call
dilatative, or branching.
Avicen.
Sega ^JCk) a plough, harveft time.
Semide »^Ax^>w Flower of wheat.
Sirage ^yf^si Oil of gergelim, orfefame,
Indian corn.
Sifamina c:^UjLm^^ Saon os offos miu-
Semfaneeat, dos das junduras
dos dedos das
maos, e dos pes.
M 3 Avic.
( 106 )
Avic. c. 25. p. 15.
Sound of the
fmall bones of the
joints of the fin-
gers and toes.
Soda
ccAa^ Soda, Pain in the head.
Sorvete
AJ.^4 Sherbet, any drink, in
Perfian and Arabic.
Sotta5
^jioj^ Refer voir.
Sumagre
^'1.^0^ Sumack, a tree, or
flirub.
T.
Tabarzet
Tabaxir
Tabaz
Dabaa
Dibo.
iVj^
yfJi^iijJa
Tabarzad, white fu-
gar- candy.
Sugar of the bamboo.
Xa^ Tabaz means a leoa, a honefs,
and not o lobo, a wolf; arid
is called Dibo, and not
Tabaz.
Tabefp
( 1^7 )
Tabefe
Tabique
^
aL Tabiche, warm ewe's
milk thickened with
flour and fugar.
^^JuaL? a divifion made by
boards and hoops,
or wattles.
Tufam o4y Typhon, a whirlwind.
X
Xekgao
uJyi, Hangings.
Xaroco
"-br
An eafterly wind, land
" * or fea breeze.
Xaropo
u^i^
Syrup. Sherabati, a maker
of fyrup, a weak wine.
Bee keefa, without in-
' toxication.
Xeque
^^
Title of honour and
dignity.
M4
Xarife
( 168 )
Xarife ^Jj*** Title of prince in Barbary.
Xauter J^^ An experienced guide in
the deferts of Arabia.
Xelma l^L^ Snare for birds, or arma-
dilha.
Xo ^4i A word ufed in flopping beafts
of burden.
>■-'■
Xorcas ^-^ - Bracelets and rings that
the women wear round
the ankles.
z.
Zabra ^^j An African boat.
Zara J^j Zehr, a flower. Zchrabenet
Jefu, a flower of the race of
the Mefliah, the name of a
woman.
Zoramp
( 169 )
Zorame jX^^ Solhame, a white cloak
made of the fineft wool-
Zorzal Jjh) Zarzur, a ftarling.
Zerbo ujj Zcrbon, a term in anatomy,
a canal, or duft.
Zigue zigue juj jljj Tlie creaking found
of a door, opening
and fhutting, of a
new mat.
Zizaiiia O^ji Tares, darnel.
APPENDIX.
i.rn
AFPENBIX.
The extraft which I have here given, is from
Mr. Wilkins's Sanfcrita Grammar, and, I may
add, Dictionary, which for elegance of type,
excellence of arrangement, and lucid order, is far
above my praife. The Hitopadefa, or Amicable
Inftruftion, firft known by the unmeaning ap-
pellation of Pilpay, Elephant's Foot, and Bid-
pay, Fat, or Splay Foot, Fables, is the original
of ^fop, whofe real name was Efwed, or Efud,
from the Arabic word cW»^l black. This
ftrengthens the opinion of the Arabs, that iE fop
was a Nubian, or Abyffinian ; and makes it more
than probable, that he and Lokman were one
and the fame. The knowledge of the prinii-
tive language to thofe who are fcnt to India,
muft be of incalculable utility for the difcovcry
of the xocipoc ev^XL^JLU^Vy or lucky moment m
the Hindoo Almanacks, which is there pointed
out in Sanfcrit, and intelligible only to the ini-
tiated.
( 172 )
tiated. Thanks to Mr. Wilkins and the accom-
plifhed Pundit in the Edinburgh Review, we
may now know which day is marked with
chalk, and which -with coal, in fpite of the
Brahmans, in whofe ikulls all the light has been
hitherto locked up, as it 1/vds heretofore in the
lanthorn of Ariftotle.
The Sanfcrit, Greek, Roman, and German
languages, touch in many points, and in nothing
more than in their privatives. Soor, good ; Af-
foor, not good^ Sutty, faithful; Afiltty, unfaith-
ful. Y^OCKOV, CYil; QCtocKdy, good, Felix, infe-
lix; and in German, Tugend, virtue; Untugend,
vice.
The fables of Bidpai, or Sanfcrit Apologues,
have, it is well known, undergone a viariety of
verfions into Peffic, Arabic, Hebf^w, Greek, and
Latin, befidcs Italian, Sparirihj and German.
The Hebrew, by Rabbi Joel, Jiad diftf>pcared in
1^97^ when Scbaftian Gottofred Starkey, pub- ,
liflied the Greek and Latin at Berlin ; the an-
dent Latin is direftly from the Hebrew, by
John de Capua, and the Spanifh from the old
Latin.
( 173 )
Latin. From the Latin canr e the Gennan with
this title, Beyfpiel'der alten We} fen vai^Giefehr
lecht zu Gefchlecht, with ono Imndred and
twenty-five plates. This edition of 1 4 8 3 is,- per--
haps, ftill in the library at Ulm. Tbe:j(J:cee-k
verfion was made by Simeon Sc thy -ar^hyfigiai?,;
and by order of Alexis Comnenus, in the elevexithv
century, and tranilated by Poffinus, and ftill
clofer by Starkius.
My principal intention is to fhow, that if the
metre, which we call hexameter from the qum^
her of its feet, is common to four languages, and
if the Sanfcrita be proved to be the original, the
Greeks, Romans, and Germans have either bor-
rowed it, or fallen into it from fome unaccoiint-
able refemblance in their language to thcjt of the
Hindoos. I may alfo add, that the identity of
metre of any four languages, three of which arc
ancient and one modern, affords no fmall pro-
bability of their dependence and derivation one
from the other, efpecially if that metre confift
of daftylsand fpondees, which are under no obli-
gation for their harmony to the rhythm of blank
verfe, or the rhyme of heroick mcafnre.
The'
( 174 )
The reduftion in the Greek, Latin, and Ger-
man languages, of the cafes of nouns, which are
more in number in the Sanfcrit, and the abridg-
ment of declenfions are, no doubt, a^ ftrong a
prefumption of fecondary improvement, as that
the beft didionary is the laft.
The Sanfcrit language refembles the Greek
and Latin, in the formation of the cafes of its
nouns, and declenfions of its verbs, and particu-
larly in the termination in mi, which it feems, is
anomalous in the Greek. I do not know, if this
be worth mentioning, as the Sanfcrit termination
is owing to the pronoun fuffixed, as in Afmi, am
I ; Jivami, live I : but in the Greek there is no
trace of the pronoun eyw ; none indeed of eyw,
but fome of Iw, w hich was the old Doric mode
of writing, as we learn from the Scholiaft of
Ariftophanes, yoo(,(ps\cci KOU loo dvri rov syw,
in is alfo written for ego, and by dropping the
laft vowel in ^i^o^fjiiu) it will be ^i^c^i^i, give I,
like the Sanfcrit. The word Barbara, a barba-
rian, claimed by fo many languages, and ex-
plained by fo many etymologifts, is Sanfcrit; as
is
( 175^ )
is alfo Moorhata, fooliflinefs, with the Greeks,
fXocpoTY}^, which they, as they are wont, de-
rived from TO [AYi opOLV in their own language,
from not feeing, or from ^y] Spx not having
forefight.
Maha nandi, in the Bifnagur language, which
is Sanfcrit, means great pleafure, as it does in
Greek; jwsya avc5ave/v, to pleafe greatly. Eufta-
thius^s reduced to an abfurdity in his derivation
of [Asyx from fxri yr\y no longer on earth, but
above it.
As it is my defign to exhibit a fpecimen of
Greek and Sanfcrit parallels at the end of the
work, I fliall proceed to the main bufinefs, and
tranfcribe the Sanfcrit verfes, placing at their
head the name of a prieft in Ceylon, whofe name
is an hexameter.
Velliveriet Sangarakeeta teroa wahanfey.
1. Ajaramavarat prajno vidyam arthancha chin-
tayet.
2, Grihit'(a) iva Kqfefhu mrityuna dharman
acharet
3. Vidya
( m )
3. Vidya d^dOiti vinayam vinayad yati patratam
4. Patratwad d'hanam aptoti d*hanad dharmas
tatah fuckam.
5. Sarva drayefhu vidyaiva vittam ahur anutta-
man
fi. Aharyatwad anarghyatwat aklhayatwach cha
farvada.
y. Sangam nayati viduaivanichagapi naram farit
8. Samudramiva durdhardfliam nripam bhag-
yamatah param.
THE ENGLISH IN THE ORDER OF THE WORDS.
Like one not fubjcft to fickncfs, and death, a
wife man faience and wealth fliould con-
fider.
N. B. Cha at the end of arthan means
and^ as the Latin que does, and is
always joined to another word in
both languages.
2. Seized as one by the hairs of the head by
death, the duties of religion he fliould
praftife.
3. Knowledge
( ^n )
5* Knowledge giveth humility, from humility
he attaineth worth.
4* Fi'om worth, wealth he attaineth, from
wealth the power of being religious, from
thence happinefs.
5. Of all things knowledge, alfo treafure is
efteemed the greateft.
6. From incapacity to be ftolen, from incapa-
city to be given away, from incapacity
to be deftroyed.
7. ConduiSeth knowledge alfo to acquaintance,
a man, as ♦
8. The humble ftream to the ocean, hard to be
attained to the prince, to good fortune
after this.
GERMAN.
EiN Weifer foil Kentnifs und auch Gluckfguter
betrachten,
1. Als der, der kein Sklave der Krankheit, und
Sterblickheit 1ft.
2. 'Er follte Religion, und deren Pflichte fo uben
H Als der, der vom Tode in die Haare er-
grlffet.
N 3. Kentnifs
( 1/8 ) ' •
3. Kentnifs fchcnket Demuth, Deituth Kront /»^
• ihm mit Wiirde.
4 . Durch Wiirde Komt Reichthum, uiid Gewalt
giebt um felig zu feyn.
5. Sey Kentnifs dein groflefter Schatz, und un-
moglich mufs werden
6": Eigene Verfchenkung, Raubung, Zernich-
tung von Feinden.
7. Sanft fchleicht fich derBach zum Weltmcerc,
wie Weifeit zu Freunden,
8. Und Freunde zum ftolzert Fiirften, die bcg-
lucken das Leben,
GREEK-
AcT crc(pov oc'A/ pjo3iv, &eoc ocCx yv^aitr^K^
Kcu uxzoio'^' 'UTiXv]^)^ ^s ^XY}iAoavvr} f^h d^io^n,
Etc x'A.cocg J>3 FvwV/^ oiyei, dg eig oCkx UTYjyri,
LATIN.
( ^^Q )
L ATI NT.
ViR faplens, tanquam Deus, alta mente reponat
Dodlrinamque et opes, et ficut morte prehenlus
Summo in crine caput, colat alti numina coeli.
Scire humilem facit ; atque humili non dignior
audit
Divitiis ; opibusque datur divina poteftas ,
Numina adorandi, ante obitum dicique beatus.
Optima dodrina eft ante omnia, quam nequc
furta,
Quam neque dona valent^'-neque rerum abolere
vetuftas ;
Ilia hominum ad c^tus quoquc ducit, ut ad
mare rivus,
*■ ■ ■
Difficilemque aditu regem, yitamque beatam.
To thefe Sanfcrit hexameters may be added
the motto, in two verfcs of fix feet, to Mr. Wil-
kins's Grammar, and the diftich at p. 34.
Saufha Dafaratha Rama, Sauflia raja Yudhlfli-
th'hira,
Sauflaa Kama maha Tayaga, Sauflia Bhima
maha vala.
N 2 Ille
( 180 )
Ille hie Dafarathi natus Rama, rex Udlflith'hira
Ille hie largus opum Kama, et Bhima roborc
ma^no.
For a fpecinien of a Sanfcrit pentameter wc
have a -defcription of the feafons, as they fueeeed
one another in Hindoftan, in a fmgle line of five
feet.
Seefar, heemant, Vafant, Greeflima, Varfa, Surat.
Dewy, cold, mild, hot, rainy, dry,
or breaking up of the fains. See notes to the
Geeta.
Mahabala, or Maha Vala, is a title of th^
king of Seenghala Dweepa, who is called in the
Hitopadefa, the Sarafa Mahabala. Heetopades,
p. 258.
lihall
( 181 )
I fliall conclude this Appendix with a ' few
Sanfcrit words, out of a confiderable number,
which are found to have the fame meaning in
other languages.
Sanscrit. Graek. Persian. English. French. Latin,
Eka ^ u;^
Aper — —
Dakfhina — —
Each
=
-t...:^
Afier
Aprc^s
rr-.-:^. r
— r-
^
Dextlma.
— —
N.B.TJifi
a»cieiU$'
faJd for
" ~
dextro.^
finiil£Q,
^dcxtimo et
CciftiiDO«(
Feaus.
SalluJi.
Bell, .f?^
gurth. is,
100.
Pratam
( 18^ )
SaMKRIT. GrKSK. PcRStAlf. Ekglisr. Fkznch. Latik.
Pratam
Firft.
^^OCTQV —
*"~
*~~
—
Charam
^
Akir
—
—
.«
Laft
Mayata
—
uu
-.
—
—
He dies
Mala,
he is dead,
in Arabic.
Datum
-~
^^cilvi
^
Spanish.
Datum
To give
Given
Da
—
8^
—•
^
Da, give
4
i
Vara
^
—
—
Varon
Baro
A hero
A man,
in Spanifli.
a foldier.
Pura
Become
^-
Pur
—
—
—
full
Nabha,
->
—
Nabs
—
—
hurds by
feizing for-
cibly, un-
awares.
Tapa
Shines
Splendor,
to fhine.
Mans
( 183 )
Sai7Sc&it« GafiSK. Fsrsiah. Emoliah. Frekch. Latin,
Mana •• /^JLjU^ — ■-* -^
Know, Minding,
Mind, being anxious
about.
Arabic,
Lupa — » — Lopped, *— --•
cut off.
INDEX
INBEX OF NAMES.
Ambrosio Morales/ p.
xvii.
Abderrahman, — Intro-
du(5lion, p. v.
Alphons Vlllth, p. xv.
Alhambra, p. xxvi.
Alfaifuli.
Arabian Sappho, p. xvi.
tale, p. 122.
proverb, p. 1 36.
Alixares de Granada, p.
xxvi. Alixar is a term
of builders, a jamb of
a door, any thing that
covers an edifice, or a
body, from jj\ azara
in the Second Conju-
gation.
Ben Tafufa (Yahya), p.
114.
Cervantes, — Advertife-
ment.
Calecut, p. 112.
Cafiri, p. xvi.
Porrea de Serra, p. xxx,
Diarbekr, p. 11 5.
Deguignes, p. xiv, xv.
Duarte Nunes de Leao,
p. 108.
Ebn Haukal, p. 39#
Fines, p. Il6.
Florez, p. xvi.
Gagnier, p. g.
Haleem, p. 122.
Harras, p. ii6.
Hormuz, p. 120.
Heetopades, — Appendix.
Hexameters, — Appendix
Julian, Count, — Intro-
duction, p. i.
.King, p. 122.
LfS'tters to and from Don
Mavioueel, p. lOQ.
Milton, — Advertifement.
Martel, Charles,— Intro-
dudlion, p. vi.
Manoueel, p. 109, 112,
115.
— — , de Faria, p.
108.
O
Notice
( 186 )
Notice of an Arabic MSS. Sybarites, p. xxxvii.
on Agriculture, in the Soufa^ John, p. 108.
twelfth Century, p. Scholiaft of Ariftoph.— *
xxix. . -- , y , . , Appendix.
Ormus, in Periiari'Hor- oanfcrit, — Appendix.
muz, p. J] 5. r ^: Turrecremata, p. xxxiv.
Proverb, Span. p. xix. Vafco da Gama, p. ^l 10.
Plat^ (^er^ld, p. xxx. Fernandas, p. 121.
Queftion of Haleem, p. Ulled, Sir, p. lOO.
122. — Like, the Abbe , Wife, p. ix.
Mauri's, to the Pari- ; Wilkins,-— Appendix.
iians. Would yo^fe^^ Xaquimate, p. 101.
better were I on the-^ Xeque Xarave, p. 101.
lantern poft? Yahya, p. 114.
Koderic, — Introduaion, , ^agri, p, xxxii.
p. }. Zeit aben ^e^t, p. xxi,
Shakefpeane,— Adyertife-
ment.
ERRATA.
40. C^aJuwJI read AiD*.A>wJl
68. houfeman, read horfeman.
155. <J.3:^A^, read <J^:SW^
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