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REPORT

OF THE

AMERICAN BISON
SOCIETY

OBJECHS
THE OBJECTS OF THIS SOCIETY SHALL BE THE PERMANENT
PRESERVATION AND INCREASE OF THE AMERICAN BISON
AND THE PROTECTION OF NORTH AMERICAN BIG GAME

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY
as

PRINTED BY
BROOKLYN EAGLE PRESS
BROOKLYN, N. Y.

CONTENTS

Pace
OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN Bison SOCIETY 7
SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING 8
REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT 10
MepaL or Honor AWARDED TO THE AMERICAN Bison SOCIETY 19
FIrreEENTH Census oF Living AMERICAN Bison 21
Woop Bison, sy M. S. GArRRETSON 29
European Bison, By Dr. Kurt PRif=MEL 35
Fuit List or SUBSCRIPTIONS 41
Tue WicHiTtA ANTELOPE 45
Names oF Piants Founp ON THE PRairRIE IN Districts FREQUENTED BY
ANTELOPE 46
Tue First Census or Living AMERICAN Pronc Horn ANTELOPE 49
Report on A Proposep ANTELOPE SANCTUARY IN SOUTHWESTERN IpAHO,
By Martin S. GARRETSON 53
Mempbers OF THE AMERICAN Btson SOCIETY 65

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

A Repucep REPRODUCTION OF A DIPLOMA

THe Mount Dome ANTELOPE REFUGE, SisKtyoU CouNTY, CALIFORNIA
MepaL oF Honor AWARDED TO THE AMERICAN Bison SOCIETY

BurraLo Crossinc THE Lamar River

A Woop Bison Buti

A European Bison Buti. 5 :

ANTELOPE Fawns Capturep AT Brooks, ALBERTA, CANADA

Basy ANTELOPE OnE Day Otp, Born 1n OKLAHOMA

Twin ANTELOPE Fawn, OnE Day Op, Born IN OKLAHOMA

Work oF THE UNNATURALIZED BASQUE SHEEPHERDER

THe ANTELOPE’s Curtosiry Orten Lures Ir WitHin Easy RANGE OF THE

RIFLE
THe Rancu House, OwyHeEe County, nano
THe CaTrLe CorraL, OwyHEE County, [paAHo
SHEEP Hits, Brace’s Rancu, OwyHEE County, IpAHo
Numerous Traits Lep THroucH ANCIENT SAGEBRUSH
Five Mites Souty or Brace’s RancH
THE Burrs ALONG THE OwyHEE RIveER

SHEEP ON A NatTIoNAL Forest PRESERVE

OFFICERS, OF

The American Bison Society

1923
OFFICERS
Hones bresid enti Vlemoniamine. cciieciseieres Col. THEODORE ROOSEVELT
Hlonesviice-bresident.esee-s eee. Prof. HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, New York
IBresid enters cxorarayeiciahtecn EDMUND SEYMOUR, 45 Wall Street, New York, N. Y.
First) Vice-President.....<-....- Dr. WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, New York, N. Y.
Seconcmvice-bresident-emicccmrcciace seen’ AUSTIN CORBIN, New York, N. Y.
Secnelanyerci tects. MARTIN S. GARRETSON, 414 Clifton Ave., Clifton, N. J.
ineasunens ser eri ete ste ones s CLARK WILLIAMS, 160 Broadway, New York, N. Y.
NGSiStanitmalbne ASUNCT arco ne see icin sii rae W. C. ROBERTSON, Oradell, N. J.
(C@wimnells abodceneauc LEONARD D. BALDWIN, 27 Pine Street, New York, N. Y.
BOARD OF MANAGERS
GP Cols (ClalANlI! (EC OODINIKE MSE Se gasaccoucodccausucdouc Goodnight, Texas
NODS BRVIAD IS ONG GRAIN eaters clove ds 6 oSahol creates sie el eitieras le New York, N. Y.
O23 VO RRON Je TER OD eae asi cic os cicew leis cies ot Sisters a sie ie Missoula, Montana
O23 em CATR ICem Wyse Tes AVIS Series cy 2ys ray anove .chaveve goes ae estes Sie sep New York, N. Y.
IQR «Whe, IME Ene ARUN BI oc oocepeooee poccs coe eco non coro Boston, Mass.
1923 eer) OHINeR Ge Fille WS merece sence asrccrie ns cise ec oes Wenham, Mass.
923% PAU SUING © ORBITING mete. cere, oro straw Atte d scat area ae eeenors oo New York, N. Y.
1923S WINERIES WN DERW O ODES IS tans cmacteemons clots coves Boston, Mass.
19235 ee FE ONARD DSB DWAIN septs sonisrceta seis ele sieieta havo bie New York, N. Y.
1924S ENR ALE EE D OSBORNE scene eecise aeeeae se ..New York, N. Y.
O24 Se OFIN Mie PEUDIGISUE Sixccrats peice Seieidel aero cetera th Ore Pittsburg, Pa.
UCR (CIRUANIRIET OS) Ibs [BIRIINISIMUANIDI Bs boc ooenoeacccso6u0uaueooune Brooklyn, N. Y.
1O 24S SEINE CAG HD WeAIRID SEs a oe inicks ie Stites ise sclera cus ateetnnae Albany, N. Y.
1924 MARTIN S. GARRETSON............ See Martotayere alee eremesre aes Clifton, N. J.
CPE) SINT EDIBI RING. Je LS ul SIHININUANIN Dee eee aonb on bed Sema ple aie oeana & Boston, Mass.
O24 Ae OHIN Hay IEANOEGRS 3.4. 0 ote a tas acdeaeseaieesneeea ¢ South Lancaster, Mass.
19 2A AW ATIATE LANNE iW EWAN O)Niacet-vat- seen slciereve Saleie et stiac rel tecrcierra Groton, Mass.
G25) TBIRINIDISHD VEVAIROILID! IBAWANIDSS oeosessaeeoeuocdseeocucesc Meriden, N. H.
O25 eE DVEUIN DS SE vaVilOMWIRG ms eye coisas ok icreitcinere noe eit eer New York, N. Y.
1925 ee GHORG Hap esPRAM gcc sh miss aco ct cuca aes eee oom New York, N. Y.
O25 eee rem eW ees Do e Ed O)RINEAUIAS Vitter ons hveyaicna teh hekew nc cthcuthe ten cas ere New York, N. Y.
NOpsy VARIN Tal IRUACIBIMMINIDING oe ooops oGoeecunenbooucode New York, N. Y.
1S) Dir Wo Se IPAMLIMMOIR. asa cedooseos Biological Survey, Washington, D. C.
IPN (CAM bral Se IM evel AID DI SINGS Soee senomo cae cenecnee cob New York, N. Y.
IG ay (ell al Bote gt(5\0 04] 6 TIN Sh ee Aspe a a BS Re Ottawa, Canada
19259 (CHASE SS OSBORN. ciact eco cece ees Sault de Sainte Marie, Mich.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Dr. W. T. Hornaday M. S. Garretson
Edmund Seymour Leonard D. Baldwin

SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING

The Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the American Bison
Society was held at the office of Leonard D. Baldwin, 27 Pine
Street, New York City, on Tuesday, January 9, 1923, President
Edmund Seymour presiding.

The Minutes of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting were read
and approved.

The President delivered his Annual Repert, which is
printed in full elsewhere.

The Treasurer reported a balance on hand for January
Ist of $346.68. An auditing committee appointed by the chair
reported the Treasurer’s account correct.

A nominating committee presented the following names
for the Board of Managers for the year, class of 1925. Ernest
Harold Baynes, Edmund Seymour, George D. Pratt, Dr. W.
T. Hornaday, Arthur H. Hagemeyer, Dr. T. S. Palmer, Carl K.
MacFadden, J. B. Harkin and Chase S. Osborn.

The Secretary reported that during the past year he had
taken a census of all living Prong Horn antelope throughout
the United States and Canada, and that the taking of this census
had been a difficult task, owing to the fact that the antelope were
widely scaitered in remote sections of 14 states. However, the
figures, printed in full elsewhere, are believed to be approxi-
mately correct. The Bison census is about completed, which
shows an increase in both animals and herd owners. A com-
parison with the figures of the census taken by Dr. William
T. Hornaday in 1903 and printed in the First Annual Report
of the Bison Society shows that at that time there was but twenty-
four States in which the buffalo were found, the number of herd
owners forty-one, with a total number of 969 animals. Twenty
years later, today in 1923, according to the last census, there are
now forty states in which there are 147 herds, with a total of
3,654 buffalo, only eight states in the Union without buffalo,
viz., Maine, Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Virginia,
West Virginia, South Carolina and Florida.

Discussion on the care and protection of the Grand Canyon
herd ot buffalo revealed the fact that it rested entirely upon the

question of finding the necessary funds, as it would take from
$1,500 to $2,000 per year for a game warden and maintenance
of the herd.

Vorep: That a strong effort be made to establish the pro-
posed reserves in Oregon and Idaho for the Antelope and Sage
Grouse, and further, to encourage and assist in the establishing
of state bands of antelope in such states where the antelope
are found.

Votep: That the Treasurer be instructed to send $100 to
assist in the care and protection of the Mount Dome antelope.

Vorep: That Ezra Meeker be allowed, with the approval of
Col. Goodnight, the use of the Goodnight buffalo films in his
historical work of filming the Old Oregon Trail.

The Secretary was instructed to draw up letters of sympathy
to be sent to the wife and family of our fellow member of the
Board of Managers, A. Barton Hepburn, also to the brothers
of our late Active member, Howard Eaton of Wolf, Wyoming.

At the Annual Meeting of the Board of Managers, which
was held immediately succeeding that of the Society, the follow-
ing officers were elected: Hon. vice-president, Henry Fairfield
Osborn; president, Edmund Seymour; first vice-president, Dr.
W. T. Hornaday; second vice-president, Austin Corbin; secre-
tary, M. S. Garretson; treasurer, Clark Williams, assistant
treasurer, W. C. Robertson; counsel, Leonard B. Baldwin.

MartTIN S. GARRETSON, Secretary.

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

Concerning the activities of the American Bison Society during
the past two years, the President has the honor to submit to the
members of the Society the following report:

Two of our very good members have “Crossed the Great Divide”:
Mr. A. Barton Hepburn who has been on our Board from the very
beginning, gave his personal and moral support to our activities, and
was very generous in a financial way towards everything that the
Society undertook. His loss is a great one to the Society. He died
January 25, 1923.

The other was that fine, famous old scout, Howard Eaton, of Wolf,
Wyoming. He was 72 years old when he died, April 5, 1922. His
brother, F. Alden Eaton, has taken his place as a member of the
Society.

The most notable achievement of the Society during the year
was the purchase of six antelopes from C. J. Blazier, of Brooks,
Alberta, and the successful transportation of the animals to the Wichita
National Preserve in Oklahoma. We purchased these antelope at
$125 each and paid all the expenses of their delivery, including Mr.
Blazier’s trip to Cache, Oklahoma, and his return home, with an allow-
ance of $5.00 a day for his time. The antelope were delivered in first
class condition. It will be recalled that last year, from ticks or other
causes, six of the ten antelope sent to Cache died, and in order to
start this nucleus herd and perpetuate the antelope on the Wichita
Preserve, we thought it desirable to purchase six more head. The
task was difficult and it took time to capture these antelope and ship
them into this country. Canada is now alive to the situation of saving
the antelope, and we would not have been able to take them out of
Canada had it been for any other purpose than preserving the species.

I am pleased to submit a letter from the Secretary of Agriculture
in appreciation of the efforts of the Society in the preservation of
wild game:

Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
December 11, 1922.
Mr. Epmunp Seymour,

45 Wall Street,
New York City.

Dear Mr. Seymour:

“On behalf of the Department of Agriculture, I wish to thank you and the
American Bison Society for the generous donation to the Government of six
antelope, which were placed on the Wichita Game Preserve and National Forest
by the Society.

“The effort of the American Bison Society to conserve the wild life of the
country, particularly those species which seemed in danger of extinction, is in
my opinion, a very useful public service, and I regard this work as being of
the highest importance. Very truly yours,

(Signed) “Henry A. Wallace, Secretary.”

In this connection, also, we have recovered the duty which was
paid on the original shipment of ten antelope, amounting to approxi-
mately $125. No duty was charged upon the last shipment.

It is interesting to know that Mr. Blazier now has captured seven-
teen additional antelope that he is anxious to dispose of to establish
another herd, or if he is permitted, to capture more to start an antelope
farm. We have had quite a little correspondence covering this matter,
taking this up with several States in view of establishing several state
herds. Only pressure of other matters and the lack of funds has
prevented our purchasing these animals ourselves to put them on
another of the National Park reserves. This will be taken up during
the year. We have a recommendation from Dr. E. W. Nelson, Chief
of the Biological Survey, that a nucleus herd can be established on
the Niobrara Game Refuge in Nebraska.

I am also glad to state that Mr. Blazier has suggested a plan,
and some correspondence has been had in reference to it, to induce
the Canadian Government and the Canadian Pacific Railway to estab-
lish a game preserve near Brooks, Alberta, and save this, the largest
remaining herd of antelope in Canada. We hope something may
come from this.

The Society joined with the California Academy of Sciences,
the California Fish and Game Commission and the Permanent Wild
Life Protection Fund in subscribing towards the protection of what
is known as the Mount Dome antelope herd, in Siskiyou County,
California. Our share was $100. This money was spent by the
California Academy of Sciences, through Mr. M. Hall McAllister, for
the winter feeding and care, summer observation, warning and informa-
tion signs, and photographs of this fine antelope herd. Your Presi-
dent and Treasurer should be authorized to continue this subscrip-
tion should it be necessary. This is one of the best moves in the
country for the preservation of the antelope, valley elk and mountain
sheep. The California Academy of Sciences is also doing all it
can to help establish the Oregon antelope preserve.

I am glad to quote a paragraph from a letter received from
Daniel Carter Beard, Chief Scout Commissioner, Boy Scouts of
America, while on his trip of observation through the Yellowstone
National Park and vicinity, dated September 27, 1921, as follows:

“In regard to the antelope, I saw very few in the park (Yellowstone Park),
not more than forty altogether. They tell me there are 300 there, that is the
exact number they gave me 21 years ago, which means that the herd has not
increased by a single one in 20 years. There are lots of coyotes around the
antelope feeding grounds, and lots of two-legged coyotes outside the park line.
My trip West made me very pessimistic in regard to the preservation of wild
life. Outside the Park I saw no wild life with the exception of two or three
cranes and scattering small bunches of ducks. Twenty years ago, over the same
ground, I saw thousands of water fowl, brant, geese, ducks, swans, shore birds,
sage hens, sharp-tailed grouse, antelope, deer, wolves and prairie chickens. The
only live things besides men appeared to be crows and tin lizzies.”

In regard to the Northern Lakes Park enterprise, which was
the setting apart of the beautiful wooded lakes and islands of Northern
Wisconsin for a State preserve and playground. This was started by
Judge Asa K. Owen, the bill passed the Legislature but the Governor
of Wisconsin vetoed it on the ground of economy. However, the

ii)

project has not been given up. The Society endeavored to render
Mr. Owen some assistance and there is considerable correspondence
covering this matter.

For several years the Society has been actively considering what
to do with the surplus bison and other game in the National Parks
of this country. The situation has also arisen in Canada. Our
Government has given from the Yellowstone National Park herd to
several municipalities a number of bison for exhibition purposes. I
am in receipt of a letter from Mr. Horace M. Albright, Superintendent
of the Yellowstone Park, stating that legislation has been included
in the Interior Department Appropriation Bill now pending in Con-
gress to give authority for the selling or otherwise disposing of the
surplus elk, buffalo, beaver and predatory animals, especially in the
Yellowstone Park. The Interior Department Appropriation Act for
1924 contains the following paragraph:

“Hereafter the Secretary of the Interior is authorized, in his discretion and
under regulations to be prescribed by him, to give surplus elk, buffalo, bear,
beaver and predatory animals inhabiting Yellowstone Park to Federal, State,
County, and municipal authorities for preserves, zoos, zoological gardens and
parks: Provided, that the said Secretary may sell or otherwise dispose of the
surplus buffalo of the Yellowstone National Park herd, and all moneys received
from the sale of any such surplus buffalo shall be deposited in the Treasury of
the United States as miscellaneous receipts.”

In a recent letter Mr. Albright further says upon this subject:

“With reference to the responsibility of killing male buffalo in the United
States I can speak with authority so far as the Yellowstone Park herd is con-
cerned and state that the time is not far distant when a great many of our male
buffalo will have to be eliminated. The situation here is not at all satisfactory,
and I expect within five years we will have to be doing the same thing that the
Canadian Government is doing at the present time. I do not see how this can
be avoided in any large buffalo herd, particularly when we consider that no
buffalo herd can live in this civilized age under ideal conditions, that is, conditions
to which they were naturally adapted. For instance, we have observed that so
far as the mating season is concerned in the separation of males and females,
the Yellowstone herd has gotten very far away from natural conditions with the
result that calves are born at all times of the year. This situation has many
angles that I will explain to you when I see you personally during the coming
winter.”

It is a matter of gratification that the buffalo are becoming so
numerous in some of the Government herds that it presently will
become necessary to treat the surplus bulls as so many domestic cattle.

On May 26, 1922, your President received a letter from Dr. E.
W. Nelson, saying in effect that a tract of some 18.86 acres of land,
belonging to an Indian, was about to be sold. This land is traversed
by the road leading to the main gate of the Montana Bison Range,
and is so situated that an undesirable owner or tenant might make
serious trouble. Unfortunately, the land could not be purchased by
the Government until it was authorized by an Act of Congress, which
would be exceedingly difficult to obtain promptly. Mr. Nelson, there-
fore, asked if the Bison Society could raise $600 to purchase this land
for the purpose of safeguarding this entrance of the Bison range.

This is one of the finest game preserves in the country, with more
than four hundred bison, several hundred elk, two kinds of deer,
and some mountain sheep which were introduced last winter. In
addition, there are Chinese pheasants, sharp-tailed grouse and many
ducks which frequent the place. We took this matter up with one
of our Board of Managers, Mr. George D. Pratt, who very generously
has advanced the Society $600 for this purpose. The total amount
was $621.50, the $21.50 being taken from the Society’s treasury.
Mr. Pratt advanced the money until such time as the Government can
appropriate the money from the General Fund for the purpose, and
the deed for the land has been taken in Mr. Pratt’s name. This
transaction has been entirely completed.

During the past year a number of gifts have been made to the
Society. When Mr. Blazier was in New York last year after deliver-
ing the ten head of antelope at the Wichita Preserve, I took him to
the American Museum of Natural History and we discovered that
the antelope group there contained no antelope fawn. Upon inquiry
we also found that there was no antelope fawn in the Colorado Museum
of Natural History group. Mr. Blazier at that time promised to send
us at least two mountable skins of antelope fawns. Your officers
decided to give on of these skins to the American Museum of Natural
History and one to the Colorado Museum at Denver. A third skin
has been received from Mr. Blazier and we recommend that it be
offered to the National Museum at Washington, D. C.

By the Canadian Pacific Railroad, Mr. G. Daniels, Chief Com-
missioner, we were presented with a film of an antelope hunt. This
film has been loaned to Mr. Ezra Meeker, as he may wish to depict
part of it in his picture “The Oregon Trail.”

We have also been presented by Mr. Romy Ford with a painting,
executed by himself, of a buffalo bull.

We have further been presented with an old buffalo gun by
Jesse Brown of Sturgis, South Dakota, through Mr. William F. Hooker
of the Erie Magazine and a veteran of the Plains.

The negatives of the buffalo film presented to us by Mr. Charles
Goodnight have, with the consent of the Board of Managers, been
loaned to Mr. Ezra Meeker for reproduction in his projected film
of “The Oregon Trail.” To this loan we have also received the
consent of Mr. Goodnight.

Concerning this film of “The Oregon Trail,” Mr. Meeker has
requested the assistance of the Society in securing government co-
operation in the making of films of wild game in the government
preserves. I think it is important that the Society’s influence and
co-operation be extended to all such men as Mr. Meeker who seek
to make films of wild life on the game preserves, not only for their
present interests but for their historical and educational value.

Your President went to the National Capitol in September, 1921,
to attend the annual meeting of the National Parks Association and
was fortunate in meeting President Harding and speaking to him
about saving the antelope, in which he was very much interested.

Secretary Fall was also seen and suggested that the Society try
to stock some of the great land grants in New Mexico with antelope
and promised his co-operation. He also expressed his approval of the
proposed antelope preserve in Idaho and thought we should get with
us the assistance of the local settlers.

The petition for the establishment by the Government of an
antelope preserve in Idaho, originating with the settlers after material
revision by Dr. T. S. Palmer, of the Biological Survey, adapting the
same to the requirements of the law and of the Government, was
forwarded by your Society to the settlers, and after signature by a
large majority living within the proposed reserve, became a part of
the record.

The report of your Secretary, Mr. Garretson, covers this subject
and his investigation in Idaho. The Society paid only his traveling
expenses. Contributions from Mr. Carl K. McFadden and Mr. William
P. Wharton to the treasurer of the Society made possible Mr. Garret-
son’s trip. The Biological Survey paid the expenses of its represen-
tative, Mr. Fred M. Dille, who accompanied Mr. Garretson.

We requested Mr. Garretson, in connection with our campaign
for the preservation of the antelope, to make a comprehensive census
of the antelope of the United States. While his correspondence, in
taking the usual bison census is very extensive, the taking of the
antelope census required not less than 550 additional letters.

This census, I believe, is the first census ever attempted of the
American antelope, and is especially interesting and valuable. Thanks
to the painstaking care of Mr. Garretson, it is as accurate as any
census can be made.

To illustrate by one instance how necessary is our antelope cam-
paign, in one State a band of seven antelope was located and so re-
ported. As far as we could learn, these were the only antelope in
that State, but before the census was completed a confidential letter
was received that some hunters (?) had gone out and run down with
an automobile all these antelope and totally exterminated this band
in one day.

Mr. Horace M. Albright, Superintendent of the Yellowstone Na-
tional Park, has made some suggestions to the Bison Society whereby
substantial service may be rendered in preserving and protecting the
antelope herd in the Yellowstone National Park. This matter is not
yet fully developed, and I merely mention it as a service that the
Society may possibly enter the coming year.

It will be of great interest to our members to know that others
are actively assisting in the preservation of the antelope. I quote the
following extract from a recent letter.

“ In the summer of 1922 Mr. E. B. Brownell, of San Francisco, wrote to Dr.
Hornaday, proposing that steps should be taken to establish a herd of antelope
on the Tonto Plateau in the Grand Canyon of Arizona, immediately below El
Tovar Hotel. This proposal was transmitted to the United States Biological
Survey for an opinion, and from the beginning it was there regarded with favor.
Dr. Hornaday was exceedingly sceptical about the practicability of the scheme,

and remained so until April, 1923, when he visited the Grand Canyon and made
a study of the situation on the ground, with the aid of several local authorities,
whose opinions in the matter were of value. The result of this conference was the
unanimous approval of the plan. Simultaneously with this move, Mr. E. A.
Goldman, of the Biological Survey, visited the Grand Canyon, made a searching
personal investigation and officially reported in favor of the scheme. It then
remained only to carry it into effect.

“Dr. Nelson, of the Biological Survey, estimated that $2,000 would be required
to procure an antelope herd and transport it safely to the Grand Canyon, where
the animals would be taken in charge by the Biological Survey and the National
Park Service, and established on a permanent basis on the Tonto Plateau. Mr.
Brownell immediately offered to subscribe $1,000 of the fund required, and
the Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund pledged the remainder. The details
are now being worked out by the officers of the Biological Survey, and there is
every reason to believe that by September or October, 1924, a herd of at least
ten young antelope will be successfully installed on the Tonto Plateau, a short
distance below the Bright Angel Trail.”

The saving of the antelope is a much more difficult undertaking
than the saving of the bison, because the animals themselves are
very delicate. In their natural habitat they depend largely on their
keen vision and fleetness of foot, and as the country is settled their
natural ranges are being pre-empted, particularly by the sheepmen
who kill them ruthlessly. Unless something is done to preserve them
on ranges of their own selection where they are now found, in a
few years they will become extinct.

We cordially invite all the members of the Society, and of similar
conservation societies, and all lovers of wild life, to co-operate with
and assist the officers of the Bison Society in their efforts to preserve
the Prong Horn Antelope of America.

Respectfully submitted,

EDMUND SEYMOUR.

Photograph taken January 15, 1922.

THE MOUNT DOME ANTELOPE REFUGE, SISKIYOU COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

EIGHTY-SEVEN (87) Wuitp ANTELOPE Cominc Ur To THE FEEDING GrouND, ABout 40 ANIMALS

SHOWN IN THE Picture. THis REFUGE WAs EstTABLISHED NOVEMBER, 1921, UNDER THE AUSPICES

OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE, CALIFORNIA FISH AND
Game Commission, NEw York ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE AMERICAN BISON SOCIETY

San Francisco, Cal., 15 February, 1923.

Mr. Martin S. Garretson,
Secretary, American Bison Society,
8 Union Avenue, Clifton, New Jersey.

Dear Sir:—Your Society will be pleased to know of the satisfactory progress
which has been made in the increase of Antelope in the Mount Dome Herd in
Siskiyou County, California.
“Our Keeper Ash W. Carsley reports the increase for 1922 as 34 head making
a total count made during January, 1923, of
“One Hundred and Twenty-one (121) Antelope.

“This shows that good results are coming from our efforts.
“Yours very truly,

(Signed) “M. Hall McAllister, Committee Chairman.
“485 California St.”

OBVERSE

eect eee Pees,.
oy op ey Ld

ue ae

AWEHIOSN SISO) SUBLENY

REVERSE

THe Granp Mepat or Honor AWARDED TO THE AMERICAN
SocrteTy BY THE Soctét& NATIONALE D’ACCLIMATATION DE FRANCE

MEDAL OF HONOR AWARDED TO THE AMERICAN
BISON SOCIETY

In 1921 the Société Nationale d’Acclimatation de France (the lead-
ing Zoological Society of France. established in 1854) awarded its
Grand Medal of Honor to the American Bison Society in recognition of
its great achievement in the preservation of the American Bison on a
continuing basis.

The award was made at the meeting of the National Geographic
Society, 198 Boulevard St. Germain, on Sunday, February 13, 1921,
in the Great Hall of the Museum of Natural History, under the active
presidency of Mr. Sarraut, Secretary for the Colonies. The speech of
presentation was made by Edmond Perrier, President of the Society,
member of the Institute, in the presence of M. Poincare, and many
figures of scientific and international prominence. The Societe
Nationale d’Acclimatation de France devotes special attention to the
acclimatization of species in places never before occupied by them.

The Grand Medal of Honor is of silver, designed by Albert Barre
and is artistic and beautiful. On the front is the image in high relief
of Isidore Geoffrey St. Hilaire, a celebrated French naturalist, and
upon the reverse is the inscription,

“Société Nationale d’Acclimatation de France
“The American Bison Society
1920”

The medal, accompanied by a handsomely engraved diploma,*
was transmitted to the Bison Society through the American Ambassador,

Hugh Campbell Wallace.

* See frontispiece.

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FIFTEENTH CENSUS

OF LIVING AMERICAN BISON AS OF

JANUARY 1, 1923

Compiled by Martin S. Garretson

UNITED STATES

== — = = oe a = == = ica =e ———
Calves born Grand
Owner and Location Males Females in 1922 Total Total
i
ALBERTA:
Birmingham—City Park Zoo......... 1 1
ARIZONA:
Fredonia) ime Owenlse mc crises) sre 34 38 10 82 82
ARKANSAS:
Siloam Springs—I. N. Bradfield..... 1 i Il
CALIFORNIA:
Sanitae Onuz—— Sol. Cowelles. «= <= ee 2 3 1 6
San Dieso—City Park.............-- 1 3 of 4
San Francisco—Golden Gate Park.... 9 ul tu 23
San Simeon—W. R. Hearst.......... y 5) 2 9 “i
Santa Ynez—Armour & Williams..... 1 3 1 5 47
COLORADO:
Denver—Mountain Parks............ 4 13 17 af)
Fort Garland—Trinchera Ranch Co] Estimate 110 133
Sedalia nichands Dillane tee le 1! 6 xe
DELAWARE:
Wilmington—City Park Zoo......... 1 1 ]
District OF COLUMBIA:
Washington—Nat Zoological Park..| 4 8 2 14 14
GEORGIA:
Atlanta-= Grant) bark ZoOes ce. > 1 1 2 2
IDAHO:
Pocatello—Nixon Trust Estate....... 2 a 9 9
ILLINOIS:
/Nimora—Ciiny ier 40a cocpocuceb0c 1 1 ee 2
Chicago—Lincoln Park Zoo.........- 3 8 3 14
Elgin—City Park..........-..++-++:- Il me Ae 1 a
Granville—A. W. Hopkins..........- 2 il 1 4 21
INDIANA:
Fort Wayne—Estate of John H. Bass. 1 bed 1 Bt
Lafayette—Columbia Park........... 1 2, 3 4
Towa:
Charles City—City Park Zoo........ 1 ] ac 2
Davenport—Department of Parks.... 4 5 1 10
INeota= GaeAe Sinemastens4.)-eie tere 2 9 5 16
Keota—_J> OO} Sinemastens- eee. Dy ih 2 11
Sioux City—Stone Park............- 4 3 “Wa 7 &
Spirit Lake—John Reinhart......... 4 3 1 8 54

CENSUS—Continued

Calves born Grand
Owner and Location Males Females in 1922 Total Total
KANSAS:
Hays—Fort Hays Kansas Manual
School siitematenrte some 1 By aR 3
Topeka—Department of Parks....... 2 2 1 5 ne
Wichita—Department of Parks...... 1 3 4 12
KENTUCKY:
Junction City—Joe E. Wright....... 1 1 1
LoulisIANA:
New Orleans—Dept. of Conservation. 1 1 ]
MARYLAND:
Baltimore—Druid Hill Park......... 3 ] 1 5 5
MASSACHUSETTS:
Boston—Franklin Park Zoo......... ] 2 1 4
Springfield—City Park Zoo.......... 2 XY 4
West Brookfield -—— Herbert E.
INICIO ogo0cccangsudcouog does 2 2 ] 5 B
West Brookfield—Indian Rock Farm. . 4 3 ] 8 21
MICHIGAN:
Detroit—Department of Parks....... 2, 4 i 7
Grand Rapids—City Park Zoo....... ] Si 1 ie
Oscoda—Carl E. Schmidt........... ] 1 2 10
MINNESOTA:
Lake City—Rest Island Silver Fox Co. Il ] 2
Little Falls—City Park Zoo......... ] 53 1
Canby— John) Wanderaten..- as. seen 2 2 =f 4
Hibbing—Department of Parks...... 2 2 ] 5
Mankato—City Park Zoo............ ] ] 2
Redwood Falls—Marion Johnson..... ] ll
Rochester—City Park Zoo........... 1 ae Be 1 Ae
St. Paul—Department of Parks...... i 1 1 3 19
MissIssIPrr:
Jackson—Livingston Park........... 1 1 2
Missouri:
Joplin—=CGity Bark Zoomeees. eee ee 1 é6 AIG ]
Mexico— City Ranke Zoomer oe ] 2 1 4
Springfield—City Park Zoo.......... ] 1 2
St. Joseph—City Park Zoo.......... 1 ak es 1 Be
Sin) Louis—Honestulbankeraeeenoeeee 2 3 2, i 15
MonrTaNna:
Butte—Columbia Gardens........... 3 ] 4
Kalispell=—Gity, Barkaaae ees se eee 1 I fy 2
Miles City—C. H. Mott............. 1 2 1 4 ee
Moise—Montana National Bison Range 181 203 79 59 473
Wallis—Wallis Huidekoper.......... 1 2 1 4
NEBRASKA:
Crete—aAmtonua aviraereet terse eer 1 I 2
Lincoln—Antelope Park............ i 1 es 1
Omaha—Department of Parks....... 4 7 2 13 ae
Valentine—Niobrara Reservation..... 1] 25 5 4] o7

CENSUS—Continued

Owner and Location

NEVADA:
ay SOmeeils Caltaryatclevercleweiers cic cis siers istoree

New HampsHIreE:
Newport—Blue Mountain Forest Ass’n.

New JERSEY:
Alloway—Reeves Timberman.........
Grénloch—Louis Weber.............

New Mexico:
Fort Sumner—E. W. & R. E. McKenzie

New York:
Buffalo—Delaware Park Zoo........
New York City—Central Park Zoo...
New York City—Zoological Park.....
(ClevAy We lel IMITISS 6 peso ooo Go 5c

Rochester—Seneca Durand Eastmen

NortH CAROLINA:
Andrews—George C. Moore.........
Asheville—Pisgah National Forest....
High Point—J. Allen Austin........

NortH Dakota:
Fort Totten—Sully’s Hill Nat’ Park..

OnI0:
Burton—=W) be Gleyelandeass osc eee
Cincinnati—Zoological Gardens......
Cleveland—Brookside Zoo...........
Toledo—City Park Zoo..........-.--

OKLAHOMA:
Cache—Wichita National Forest Reserve
Fort Gibson—G. A. Smith..........-
Oklahoma City—State Game Preserve
Oklahoma City—Wheeler Park......
Marland—Miller Brothers 101 Ranch
Muskogee—City Park Zoo...........
Sand Springs—Sand Springs Amuse-
MEN te COMpPaAhiye eee eas
Sulphur—Platt National Park.......
Pawnee—Major G. W. Lille........
Silllwater——\View) Ss Oteyeracemer eerie

OREGON:
Portland—Washington Park.........

PENNSYLVANIA:
Allentown—Harry C. Trexler........
Philadelphia—Zoological Society.....
Pittsburg—Highland Park Zoo.......
Scranton—Zoological Society........

Males

mH hoe

coe a

Spl

Females

rm how

44
10

Calves born Grand
in 1922 | Total | Total
2 8 8
5 20 20
1 3 ‘

4 os

2 9

6 54 54
1 4
1 4,
1 12
1 12

2 10 42
5

4 AR

3 2,

1 Wi 11
1 3
2 Ip

1 at

4 20
17 46
be 7
1 lll
1 4
26
2
a 2

1 3 a

2 By 256
3

6 6
14 85
1 17

il @ is

1 110

CENSUS—Continued

Puives born Grand

Owner and Location Males |Females| in1922 | Total | Total

= I IL

SoutH Dakota:

Fairburn—State Game Preserve...... 24 36 7 67

Fort Pierre—Estate of James Philip. | 400 350 140 B90

Hot Springs—Wind Cave Game Preserve | 31 39 2s 92 5

Sioux Halls==Citya Parkeeecee nie rrice 2 2 ae 4 1053
TENNESSEE:

Memphis—Overton Park Zoo........ 2 1 a 3 aie

Nashville—@lendale Park....:....... ] aie 23 1 4
TEXAS:

College Station—A. and M. College of
MEXAS@ ZOO tee sien Ree roe 2 i 2
Hl pRaso=—CitysearkeZooneeeee ere 1 2 1 4
Fort Worth—Park Department....... il 2 1 4
Goodnight—W. J. McAlister........ 20 140 36 196
Hartley County—George T. Reynolds. 4 7 il
Houston—Citys bark Zoom ences eae il “fe 1
Kent—Rock Pile Ranch............. 3 3 I Wl a
Stamford——he sven Colbert seeriecenor 5 15 6 26 251
UtaH:

SaliqWakeu City=—Cityelankemen ieee 1 1 oy 2

Antelope Island—Fstate of John E.

DOO Ey se et oe eee ror Estimate 5 225 a

WASHINGTON:

Everette—City Parkeocesaacemeceoos ] 1 as a

Spokane—City Park Zoo............ 2 2 is 4

Tacoma—Metropolitan Park......... 3 6 4 13 ae
*Yakima—Gibson Brothers............ 1 29 6 47 64
WISCONSIN:

Chippewa Falls—Chippewa Falls As-

SOCIALLO TIN cacao oletestomientte wielenci over 2 4 1 7
Madison—C. G. Dwight............. 1 3 2 6 Be
Milwaukee—City Park Zoo.......... 1 5 2 8 2M

Wyominc:
Careyhurst—J. M. Carey Brothers, Inc. 2) 9 3 14.
Gillette—R. B. Marquiss............ 1 1 2
Sheridan—Pioneer Park Zoo......... ] 2 1 4
Thermopolis—L. F. Thornton........ 1 2 Es 3
Yellowstone National Park, Tame Herd | 268 227 82 loT7 Si
Yellowstone National Park, Wild Herd Estimate ae 125 725

* Formerly the C. E. Conrad herd of Kalispell, Mont.

CENSUS—Continued

CANADA
Calves born Grand
Owner and Location Males | Females} in1922, Total| Total
= + = = =
ALBERTA:
Banti—=Nationalasbarkserersiie scene 8 5 5 16
amont—llke Wsland Park. +2... 4962 125 167 30 S22 ae
Wainwright—Buffalo Park........... 3073 3073 1075 —s 7221 7559
ATHABASCA:
\Waral. Beige 6 aisew cece Oe Rrere eree Estimate 1000 1000
MANITOBA:
Brandon—Western Agri. Association. I 2) 2 5) ie
Winnipeg—Assinaboine Park........ 2 2 1 5 10
ONTARIO:
ondon— Cityasbarkereeeeee serene s 2 2 4
St. Thomas—Zoological Park........ iy 1 2
St. Thomas—Robert J. Miller....... 1 il 2 ae
Toronto—Zoological Gardens........ 2 2 10
Mo talleiries Canada svcyapwersekc ct carvers | ioestto aes NPT a ero Serene 8579
peas
SOUTH AMERICA
Urucuay:
Montevideo—Villa Dolores........... 2 2 2
AFRICA
SoutH AFRICA:
Johannesburg—Zoological Gardens... | .. 1 ] Re
Pretoria—National Zoological Gardens 1 Il 2 3
AUSTRALIA
]
New SoutH WALES:
Sydney—Zoological’ Park............ 1 1 2
SoutH AUSTRALIA:
Adelaide—Zoological Gardens....... 1 1 3

CENSUS—Continued

Calves born Grand
Owner and Location Males Females} in 1922 | Total} Tota.
|
EUROPE
BELGIUM:
Antwerp—Royal Zoological Society. . 3 YY 5 5
ENGLAND:
Bedfordshire—Duke of Bedford..... 14 12 4 25
Faygate, Sussex—Sir Claud Alexander] .. 1 1
Wondon—=Zoolocicalay Societyeee-e peer 5 1 6 ar
Primley Hill, Paiquton, South Devon 1 il 33
GERMANY:
Cologne—Zoological Gardens......... Z 3 Sr 5 a
Alte damveine—— lessee seer ereererice Ae 1 Bi 1 6
NETHERLANDS:
Amsterdam—Royal Zoological Society 2 | 1 4 ae
Rotterdam—Zoological Garden....... 2 1 a 3 a
Russia:

South Russia—Askanija Nowa....... 1 3 ae
Peterboorg Zoological Gardens....... 1 58 as |) al 5
SUMMARY OF BISON CENSUS FOR JANUARY 1, 1923

Captive: an United Statesi..-...% secs eeiracteer aac ora eins 3753
Wild inwiUnited 'States)cc cs oneoe cm ce. ieee ena ori eevee oer os posers 125
Gaptive sain’ (Ganadat.God.cctecrmelee © Nome eer cakes sores erred eechenee rere 7579
Whildian a Gana daly: ic. ss sce arac ties eratn eotrseh on roti one erat one enero 1000
Capiivesin North eAmenicacermeme necro recetneee orien 11332
Wild sinew North: Americas. accede cc sole tee oes ne eos a eee 1125
Motaleune-hloodwbisongans NontheAmencasmeerrierereeeteritee acre 12457
Captive in South America and Foreign Countries...............-. 64
Total Pure-blood Bison throughout the world...................- 12521
Calves born in 1922, included in the above total....................- Over 1600

CENSUS—Continued

SUMMARY OF UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT HERDS

Number of United States Government Herds..................... 9
Montanae Nationale bisoneivances \lontanasesmme ree mcdceme ee als 459
Netionall Zoolosencall IRemdk, Weristuimeaoin, IDL Cogcacesccacounnecoces 14
NiobnanaminesenvationeNebnaskareaa1ce ance nieecemncicieseciecicics 4]
Pisgah National Forest and Game Preserve. North Carolina....... 4
lelleyi, INeiiemall IPend<, OMblionmel goucoopcoco0noccaccoceecuaucoads 3
SullliyismhiillisNeatonalerark=s|Nonthe Dakotaeeeeecceceiaeceeecce ae 11
Wichita National Forest and Game Preserve. Oklahoma.......... 146
Winda@avyes Nationale Park. South Dakotas.ececmeocecceeceneciaes 92
Vallonpeione. INeiitome~all Reidky Wargames cooccsouccotactoecocuooucce 702
Total number of Bison in U. S. Government Herds.............. 1472
Calvessborpine!922-sincladedsimmabove stotalleenseeeieiceiereeiieetee Over 200

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olefing poom

WOOD BISON
By M. S. GaRRETSON

ee Wood Bison of Northern Alberta, Canada, are the only
remnaut living in a wild state of the species of bison that
formerly ranged in countless numbers over the western plains
of the United States and Canada.

To the average person, the home of the Wood Bison, until
recent years, has been a veritable terra incognita, lying some-
wheres in Canada between the International boundary and the
North Pole. Fortunately for the buffalo the remoteness of their
present habitat is in a region so far removed from civilization
that it has not been coveted by the settler, and the buffalo are
as unmolested as they were 100 years ago. Some years ago the
Dominion Government took steps to prevent their total extinc-
tion by prohibiting the Indians and white hunters from killing
them. No permits to kill or capture specimens for scientific
purposes or otherwise were allowed to be issued, and as a fur-
ther means of protection a bounty was placed on timber wolves,
the only natural enemy of the buffalo, except man. The bounty
was made large enough to encourage the trapping and killing
of these animals by the natives of that district. To enforce ob-
servance of these regulations, they were placed in the hands
of the Roval North West Mounted Police and the effectiveness
of these measures have produced a noticeable increase in the
number of the herd.

The range of the present herds lies between latitude 59
and 61 degrees north and longitude 112 and 114 degrees west.
It is bounded on the east by the Slave River, on the west by
the Cariboo Mountains, on the north by the Great Slave Lake
and on the south by the Peace River. Latitude 60 degrees cuts
the tract midway at about the line dividing the grounds of the
two herds. The northern herd is reported to roam between the
Buffalo and the Little Buffalo rivers. Near the east of this line
is Fort Smith, a post lying on the boundary between Alberta
and the District of Mackenzie and just below the Slave River
rapids. The Southern range extends south from latitude 60 to
the Peace River. A belt of soft muskeg country separates the
two ranges and prevents migration from one to the other

except by the way of Salt Plain. Both ranges are parts of a
flat or roliing forested plain, traversed by low ridges of sand,
gravel or limestone. The total area of the two ranges probably
does not exceed 5,000 square miles.

There has not until recently been much study given to this
remnant of the Wood Bison; but it is generally understood that
the buffalo of the southern range spend the early part of the
summer in the northern part of the range near the upper waters
of the Little Buffalo River, and in August they move southward
only a few miles and spend the winter not far north of Peace
River between Peace Point and Point Providence.

The existence of this herd of wild buffalo has long been
known but information in regard to it more or less vague. As
late as 1917 a superintendent of the Royal Canadian Mounted
Police who had been in charge of the district for thirty-two
years estimated that there were then (1885) only 250 and that
they were dying out, but since being placed under Government
protection have prospered and increased.

In 1922 the Canadian Government decided to get all avail-
able facts possible about the numbers of these animals, their
habits, food supplies, condition of health, ete., and for this
purpose a party was sent out during the summer of that year.
The party made a complete exploration of the buffalo range, and
from their investigation a large amount of important information
has been secured. It is now definitely known that there are two
main herds and a conservative estimate well within the actual
number places the number of buffalo in the northern herd at
500 and 1,000 on the southern range.

During the past year (1923) the Canadian Government has
established a new National Park to be known as “Wood Buffalo
Park.” It includes the habitat of these two herds of Wood
Bison. The patrol service consists of eight men, all familiar
with northland conditions. They live in cabins which they
themselves have erected on different parts of the range and are
visited periodically by an inspector. It is expected that with
this protection from poachers and predatory animals such as
wolves, these two herds will continue to increase and will com-

* This new park includes a territory of about 10,500 square miles, and it is
the tenth National Park and wild life sancutary established by Canada.

prise a reserve of fresh blood which will be of great value in
keeping up the standard of other herds.

Mr. Maxwell Graham, who has charge of wild life matters
in the Canadian Territories, has made a study of the buffalo
and their habits and considers the Wood Bison to be larger than
the buffalo of the southern plains and the fur darker, and be-
lieves them to be superior in size, weight and stamina to any
other herds now existing.

The only mounted specimen of the Wood Bison in existence
where weight and measurements were taken at the time it was
killed, is the bull killed by Harry V. Radford* west of Slave
River, between Fort Smith and the Peace River, December 1,
1909. (See illustration.) Mr. Radford had with him a 200-lb.
steelyard of extreme accuracy and carefully ascertained the
weight by the piecemeal method. The weight and measure-
ments are as follows:

Totai weight (weighed piecemeal)... 2,402 pounds
Herehtvah shoulder... .. «seh. a) fe, 10) Sans
lershitrat numa seraec0o.. ciliate. 3 fie er aims:
Circumference of neck........... Oat AO 0s,
Circumference of muzzle behind

MG otis anteater me ie 2 ft. 35% ins.
Cirtl behind foreles........5.... OTE, 92 ins.
Length of head and body......... O fia aie vents:
Mensihwot dail yertebracss. . 25 1 lft. 71 ins.
Circumference of forearm........ 1 ft. 91 ins.

The skin was fully 34 inch thick all over the body, where
not thicker. On the shoulders it was one inch, on the neck and

throat 14 to 184 inches, on forehead 2 or over, elsewhere on
head 34 to 114 inches.

Mr. Radford applied to the Minister of Agriculture for
the Province of Alberta for a permit to collect specimens of
animals and birds in 1909. This permit was granted by the

* Harry V. Radford was a member of the American Bison Society which
contributed $200 towards the expense of his expedition. The Society received
a report from Mr. Radford on his success in obtaining a specimen of the Wood
Bison.

Hon. W. T. Finlay, then Minister of Agriculture, and author-
ized Mr. Radford to obtain not only big game and game birds
but also two Wood Bison. This permit was granted with the
understanding that Mr. Radford was to obtain for the Provincial
Government one specimen. It appears that after obtaining his
first specimen he was proceeding on his second trip to obtain
the other when the Royal North West Mounted Police, acting
under the authority of the Dominion Government, objected to
his killme any more of the bison. The following summer he
went to Edmonton and on reporting the particulars of the case
was granted a permit for two more of the bison. There was
some difficulty over the specimen which Mr. Radford brought
out. He wished to send it to the Smithsonian Institute. The
Alberta Government, however, took the stand that the permit
was granted on condition that one specimen was to go to the
Provincial Museum and that with the permit which had been
granted authorizing him to take two more specimens Mr. Rad-
ford would be permitted to send out to the Smithsonian Insti-
tute, or any other institution which he chose, the two specimens
which he aimed to get in the north. A compromise was effected
and Mr. Radford was permitted to ship the skeleton of the ani-
mal to the Smithsonian Institute, the skin remaining with the
Provincial Government with which to mount a whole specimen.
The Smithsonian Institute agreed to furnish a plaster cast of
the leg bones and skull. These were received in due course
and were mounted by a taxidermist in Edmonton and _ the
mounted specimen is now located in the Museum maintained
by the Calgary Natural History Society in that city.

In 1911 Mr. Radford, accompanied by Mr. T. G. Street,
who was a Canadian and a native of Ottawa, proceeded on up
north. They wintered near Schultz Lake and early in 1912
reached Bathurst Inlet. The following year reports reached
civilization that on June 5, 1912, they had been murdered by
some Killin-e-muit Eskimos on Kwog-juk Island in the Bathurst
Inlet. This report was fully investigated by the Royal North
West Mounted Police and found to be true.

Note: In a letter from Hon. J. B. Harkin, Commissioner of Parks, Ottawa,
Canada, dated November 27, 1923, addressed to Edmund Seymour, President of
the American Bison Society, he states as follows.

“Since last winter the Department has had under consideration a proposal to
make shipments of buffalo from the surplus of the Wainwright herd to Fort

Smith country, now occupied by the so-called wood bison, It is the intention of
the department to make some experimental shipments next Spring but I doubt
very much whether the number will be as large as one thousand. Difficulties in
connection with the transportation of adult buffalo to such a remote area are
so great that it is improbable that any attempt will be made to send adults to the
north. Yearlings appear to be the only type that could be handled on such a
project. Just what number will be sent has not yet been decided. I do not think
a decision can be reached until next Spring. The only established fact in con-
nection with this subject is that the Department’s present intention is to make
an experimental shipment.”

NadamMS

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EUROPEAN BISON
(Special reprint from “Zoological palaerctica,” 1, 1 (1.4.1923)

THE PRESERVATION OF THE BUFFALO

By Dr. Kurt PRIEMEL
Director of the Zoological Park in the City of Frankfurt, A. M.

The warning cry of “Buffalo in distress!” greatly worried every
friend of nature, when in the year 1915 our soldiers in Russia came
close to the buffalo forest where this animal existed. It was impossible
to check the troops from killing the buffalo for food and the trophies
which their horns offered. Out of 700 there were only 150 left.

Then again, the cry was heard of “Buffalo in distress!” The news
came from Kaucasus that there, too, the buffalo had almost become
extinct, due to the revolution and warfare, and that machine guns and
whole regiments were used to hunt the buffalo.

In November, 1918, under the care of military foresters, the
buffalo had increased to about 200 head, but, again the troops passed
through the forest and after that there were only two buffalo left. If
this condition is not soon changed, the buffalo in Europe will become
extinct, as at present there are only about 60 buffalo left in European
forests.

The Bialowieser Forest remains in German hands, and that is the
only chance we have for preserving the buffalo from becoming extinct.

For many years the Germans have been successful in breeding
this animal, a fact which gives us the right to assume the role of pro-
tector to this wonderful monument of nature, and we felt it our perfect
right to raise our voices in warning that this animal would become
extinct if proper precautions were not taken for its preservation, but
we were not heeded, and, of course, we soon saw the sad consequences
of disregarding of our warning, for the hordes again flooded our forests
and wreaked havoc among the buffalo that were left.

However, we will not look behind us, but will raise the question,
“Is it worth while, due to the few animals that are left, to bother trying
to preserve this animal at a time when there is so much materialism
and scarcity of food?” It is already known that there are a number
of people who are positive it will be a waste of time to try to preserve
this wonderful beast; if so, it would mean that in about from two to
four years the last buffalo would become extinct, and I am sure our
grandchildren would never forgive us if we did not try to preserve
this animal. We will not give up hope, and if all who are interested
will work together we will be able to preserve this wonderful monu-
ment of nature.

In the years 1916 and 1917 these facts were presented to ihe
Conference of Directors of the German Zoological Gardens; which they
think can, with modifications, be put through at a later date, as at t....

time and as well today, our eyes are directed to the wonderful example
that the United States gave us by the founding of the American Bison
Society, as they were able to preserve this wonderful animal through
their efforts. Of course, in America the conditions were very much
better than they are in our country to-day, and they have so mucn more
ground in which to carry on this work. The principal thing in the
preservation of the buffalo is that all German and out-laying countries
should unite in their efforts to preserve the buffalo, as that is the only
way they can be perpetuated.

My advice is that we found an association for the preservation of
the buffalo, but before we found this association, I find it my duty
1o give all the necessary statistics that I could gather concerning the

buffalo.

In my research in regard to the buffalo, I have made it my busi-
ness to find out the number, sex, age, habitat and condition of the
blood, the physical condition and the reason for sterility and any
particular markings that they have on their bodies. The answers to
my questions were very satisfactory in every detail, particularly those
from the out-of-town districts. I particularly thank the firm of Karl
Hagenbeck, of Stellingen, whose assistant, Ludwig Zukowsky, gave me
the following statistics on October 15, 1922:

There are at present 27 male buffaloes and 29 female buffaloes.

Among these are 5 bull calves, 5 cow calves and 2 sterile cows too old for
breeding, so at the present time you can count on 54 buffaloes, of which 22 bulls
and 22 cows are in good condition for breeding.

These animals all seem to be in good health and have no signs of any de-
generation in them.

The possibility of founding the Association for the preservation
of the buffalo does not seem to be remote, as the answers that have come
in from all countries signify their co-operation. I hope this association
will be organized in the following spring.

The first thing to do is to introduce proper breeding conditions
and interchange of young blood. This condition is naturally made
harder as there is only one buffalo that comes from the Kaucasus, for
instance, the bull which Karl Hagenbeck received as a present from
the Czar of Russia in the year 1907. This wonderful animal has up
to the present time been a great factor in breeding and has been the
means of increasing the number of buffaloes in the zoological parks.

The animals born in the zoological parks show better breeding
than those born in their natural haunts, as there they mate with in-
ferior and sometimes sick animals, whereas in our zoological gardens
only the finest and healthiest of animals are mated. and the young
calves are in less danger than they are in their natural haunts. Accord-
ingly in 12 or 15 years we can think of taking at first a small amount
from the reserves of the zoological gardens and put them in enlarged
private breeding places which will be supervised by experienced
breeders of these animals. The first private breeding park under the
direction of experienced foresters is already assured, as Graf Arnim
Boitzenburg, of Boitzenburg, in the Uckermark, has been able to get the

old park which belonged to Hagenbeck in Stellingen, and has also re-
ceived for breeding purposes this famous Kaucasian bull that was men-
tioned above. Now, after a year and a half, he already has two bulls
and four cows, and these animals have been thriving wonderfully since
they have been in this park.

We must also mention Mr. Von Beyme, of Scharbow, in Mecklen-
burg, who has been very successful in the breeding of these animals.
Since the year 1916 he has in his breeding enterprise raised a wonder-
ful bull, who is a son of this Kaucasian bull, that is now in Boitzen-
burg, and from this son he has raised three cows and three bulls.

We will also mention that the Prince of Pless has left only two
bulls and one old cow in his breeding place and also that the Herzogs
of Bedford, in Woburn (Scotland), who have enly four bulls and
three cows.

The ones that will be able to do the most in regard to breeding
and multiplying the buffalo are the Zoological Park in Berlin, Frank-
furt, a. m., Hamburg, Nurnberg, Schonbrunn, b, Wien, Amsterdam,
Budapest, Kopenhagen, London and Stockholm. In Budapest they
intend to take the five buffaloes they have and put them in a large
forest outside of the city where they may have more space for proper
breeding.

A very important thing to me is that in the future we must have
some new stamping grounds for the buffalo, and if possible have them
in different localities so we will be able to mix the breeds of the stamp-
ing grounds of various countries. The main thing is that the buffalo
should have natural food, which is twigs and leaves of the forest.

Some people claim that the European buffalo is not to be found
any more in its free, natural haunts, but only in zoological gardens,
which is not true, as I have looked up this matter and found out that
there are still some European buffaloes at large in their natural haunts,
as during the war and after the war, horns and discarded skins of
freshly killed buffaloes were found, particularly in unfrequented moun-
tainous regions. I have also found out that buffalo meat has been
offered in the markets and sold as game, so it is our duty to keep track
of any buffalo to be found in Europe and place them in private stamp-
ing grounds so that they will not become extinct.

At the present time many people consider the zoological parks in
Europe an unnecessary form of expense and luxury, but in reality they
have been the main factor in preserving this wonderful monument of
nature, and we must try to preserve and multiply this animal so that
the future generation will thank us for its preservation.

The following letter and census from Constantine C. Flerow, of the
University Zoological Museum, Moscow, Russia, will throw some
additional light on the location and number of Kuropean Bison in
Russia:

UNIVERSITY ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM
6 Great Nikitskaja Street
Moscow, Russia

March 3, 1923
Martin S. GARRETSON,
Secretary American Bison Society,
& Union Avenue,
Clifton, New Jersey.

Dear Sir:—I am deeply grateful to you for your kind informa-
tion pertaining to the American buffalo, and will try, to the best of
my ability to communicate the necessary information you require in
regard to the European bison.

The few buffalo remaining in a wild state, are now only found
in Kaucasus (bison bonasus caucasicus satunin). In the territory near
the sources of the rivers Laba and Belaja there is a primitive forest
(where the killing of beasts was forbidden), in which by the last cal-
culation 14 buffalo were counted. Besides this, buffalo are on the
north of the Krasnaja Polana (South Coast of the Kaukasus).

The bison of the Belovejs (bison bonasus bonasus Linnaeus) are
living in a half wild state, numbering about 90 animals, on the estates
of the Prince of Pless, Oberschlesien, Germany. Besides this, a herd
of five head is found in Minskaja Goubernia. In Belovejskaji Pouscha
they are, probably, destroyed.

I have no information about the European bison in West Europe,
but hope to receive some soon, and will then commmnicate them to you.

I enclose the enumeration of the bison in Russia to January 1. 1923.
Very truly yours,
CONSTANTINE C. FLEROW.

SUMMARY OF EUROPEAN BISON CENSUS FOR JANUARY 1, 1923

1. Bison bonasus bonasus Linnaeus Males Females Total
Agkenttyay INoxwe (Somilie INWeEY) 55o5ccncscacc0once00000c ] 2 3
Peterbooreln Zoological Gardenssee eects erie aeleisiciere- 2 1 3
IMoscowarZoolocicallsGandensererer renner eee cere 1 — ]
iin ene, Comlaeimie, soococdasboosoc0cnd50Gon0000000006 -- — 5
LIU} rl Deere RAP Be are a OMe R Ci MERE eA et cd dos ray Dich ERO RM eeOGS OeS 12
2. Bison bonasus caucasicus Satunin
| Sel oy eae Re Oe otras eR E preS Ciniatis. crc cha Gly ostioks — — 14
Reabardat. isis aco lvaausis oie nla cee COT eee = — 2
Souths Coast: incre te eae relels Gores ec ROC emer — — 66
Rotal vin Kaukasusse cose oe Oe Eee ee eee 82
otal RUSSiae iio te Get roe eee eerie eRe ene eae cen ete 94

C. J. BLAZIER AND SOME OF THE ANTELOPE FAWNS CAPTURED BY HIM
FOR THE AMERICAN BISON SOCIETY, BROOKS, ALBERTA, CANADA

ANTELOPE FAWNS CAPTURED BY C. J. BLAZIER FOR THE AMERICAN
BISON SOCIETY, IN BLAZIER’S CORRAL AT BROOKS, ALBERTA, CANADA

FULL LIST OF SUBSCRIPTIONS

TO THE FUND FOR THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF A BAND OF ANTELOPE ON THE
WICHITA NATIONAL FOREST AND GAME PRESERVE IN OKLAHOMA

Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund (Dr. W. T. Hornaday), New York $500.00

it, AV, liekwencke, Altes ING WagoooscagodeococcngcocueogosedueasRcoc 400.00
italian S, Wyhwencle, MNilloevne, ING Mi Gccnoseocsccco0cdsocugeunaodauuae 50.00
Henry H. Collins, Philadelphia, Pa...........-----0ee ste sceeeeeeeeee 10.00
Robert M. Thompson, New York, N. Y........---- eee ee eee eee eeeee 100.00
Alfredson Gollinsssbeiiladelphiay (Paeecqaee- cena icles 2-1-2 10.00
Glemens Herschel, New York, N. Y....-.-.----0 ccc css orc cece eer eeee 5.00
Frank Brewster, Boston, Mass.............-eeeeeeee seer eects eeeees o¢ 5.00
Dudley P. Rogers, Boston, Mass.........--++sssee see eee ee rete tees 25.00
Samuel Henshaw, Cambridge, Mass............-.---- Ae Ian Ro oS 25.00
Rucharduvieeloes News Mork. Nj Ycmtce at scrcts ere elt atais abslate le icin clenor=) cnr 25.00
Sydney Thayer, Philadelphia, Pa..........--.+eseeee eee ee ee ee eee e ees 10.00
Henry S. Fleek, Newark, Ohio.......-.--- see eee ete ee teen tte e renee 25,00
National Ass’n of Audubon Societies (T. G. Pearson), New York...... 100.00
John M. Phillips, Pittsburg, Pa..........--- sees eee e eee eee e eee teers 100.00
Enos A. Mills, Long’s Peak, Colo............-+ee see ce cece este eeeeees 5.00
Clark B. Stocking, “Old Guard,” Los Angeles, Calif..........+--.+.+5+5 1.00
Frederick E. Willets, Glen Cove, L: T., N. Y.... 2002 ceeene ese ccccectes 3.00
John L. Cox, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa..........--.--+0eeee eee 10.00
John D. Rockefeller, Jr., New York, N. Y....----.e--eeeeeeeeeeeeeees 100.00
Henry F. Osborn, New York, N. Y.....--+--- +e sees eer er etree tees ee es 10.00
Toke je Pauls Watertown, Flalfo. tv.ceaes eeciecs eclosion ss ee eieen irs > 15.00
J. H. Winterbotham, Chicago, Il]. ......---. 2. eee e cece eee eee e eens 5.00
Wallis Huidekoper, Wallis, Mont..........-..2-eeeeeeeee reece reece 5.00
Hugo A. Koehler, St. Louis, Mo.........+-+-eeseeeer steer testes 5.00
Vilhjalmur Stefansson, American Geographical Society, New York..... 25.00
eeEne Rothe Pittsburg (Pats. cise leo « clescrereverciai ole loista earns owe, in cieFasere ater 10.00
A. B, Hepburn, New York, N. Y.......---2.seseeese eee e terete tees 100.00
Keith Spalding, Pasadena, Calif.............+0- sees eset eect eccrine 10.00
G. H. Gould, Santa Barbara, Calif.......-....-0-2eeeeee reece eee eees 10.00
W. L. Abbott, Philadelphia, Paw... 000.0. nee cet eee sere te teens 25.00
A. Huidekoper Bond, New York, N. Y....-.-.+eseeee reer erste estes 5.00
Weck Atwood) New York, N. Yo.2o oc sce el sce en tlie ini nneiniee ai 25.00
Miss Mary Mitchell, St. Louis, Mo..........---eeeeee crete eee ee cees 25.00
Martin S. Garretson, Clifton, N. J.......-.-- eee cece eee e terse eres eees 10.00
Blair County Game, Fish and Forestry Association, Ailtoonas) alee ele 5.00
John C. Phillips, Wenham, Mass. .......-----+0seeeee cece rete ete tees 75.00
Boone & Crockett Club, New York, N. Y........--se-eeeeeeeeeeecteees 100.00
Louis Weber, Philadelphia, Pa........-----sssesceeeeetteceeeeececes 100.00
George D. Pratt, Brooklyn, N. Y......-----+01s ses - sores eens tees 500.00
William P. Wharton, Groton, Mass...........--sseeeeeeeer rset tctees 200.00
New York Zoological Society, New Worle, IN, Weoootencdaccdocodmacioednc 100.00
C. G. Washburn, Worcester, Mass........--- 0. eee cece cece ttt ececes 10.00
Willard G. Van Name, New York, N. Y......-----+-eseeeeceeeteceees 15.00
Ludlow Criscom, New York, N. Y-....-2---.22---02-2-0cceer ee ece neces 5.00
H. E. Anthony, New York, N. Y.......---.2 200+ 2c eee ce cee er ee sees 2.00
William K. Gregory, New York, N. Y....-.-----:2eese steer eect cere 1.00
We Dealer) New Yorks Ni OY v2 iwc e 2-02 sto eens ye ee risen ies 5.00
Robert C. Murphy, New York, N. Y.......---ceeeeeee settee ee eects: 1.00
Mrs. Elsie M. B. Reichenberger, New York, N. RV Aa YEA Seve nbd RESIS eee 10.00
L. A. Huffman, Miles City, Mont........-..020--0eseeecce ese eeeenee 1.00
AVGES Beck.) Miles: Gity, Mont. 2 .¢ osmceec se core ote i Sti 1.00

Dre, AN, LS Byniickgaia, Whilles Cri, IMIG. oo cooccosceaocoosoosa5e
Carleke MacHaddeny News York NE Yee eee eee
Die, Iskomer Cae, \Worecsiar, IWEEooocanoccc00no00s000NN00N
Dye, O), lel liwemai, Woreesign, IMSS. 505 4ecuddac00cccceuccce
Gye Alllens Worcester Macca eee ere to ke tree ee
JosephuHee Sherey Wiorcestemm \lassesrerieecrinicemeniocaemecer
Chester Wie wleasells WihitinsvilllessMiasses see occ ce cemieniee
Paull vF say oratrcecraratee moto rch roars oracle oe eae
Alldtisy 1G MElig canst eteeeestcetne eicias cose eines & aeverete, Serena
RE kGe “Cleveland asec aes oe ee ae eo ore
VANTTISJ au alee covet Oreiksl Aizercl a. cha @ 0 okta tn. 6. 0.cicln G Seer O IGT Oes OO NOR OWe GTEC OO Does
John Wis sblarnimatomersaret army tore vacks esrote te ssromte: tec teneie eon eer
Jiosiali. Mie clase lle ieery woe tere sete cies rants cota re/eaveerasione sewer ie eee
Yee | eb ciittel lll si5 = n6,o-o-c Golo rcBloneaRee RoC ORG ice Stack old oo Uiaeiaie ©
Raul Bas Morsaneereeeece Se Or ICI TOG Ae BAG NGO Mita Ge
Georsenk ei ulllenateien corn oct > see Sec one meena
Ceorges MesBassett ase cect ecko a.s niece om Dee ee oe en eke
De: Ee AR AWiO 0 Ciwancleenns, terecpavae aic.s cine ROI ee eI reeset
FB. CH DWeweyerccienac eee ee Sie crsieng ee OE Oe ee
Henry, Wiorcesternmsmiltliays ci. «sca ooo ic econ ieee noha nee
Re Santonde Raley. cancers tue eee Gs oO Tron are:

A DGY ML eeitA ae onckG Aree BIO RIO Dr CIn Ibo FIDBIEIeG COEe aotlodo GoGdaes

AMERICAN BISON SOCIETY
DISTRIBUTION ANTELOPE FUND

RECEIPTS:

ISPs KCrovalaerl chy holeinshanee cee ramon cate o dos Hae Ben Cae aoc
M. S. Garretson, refund of advances a/c Idaho trip......
1922 Contrib utiomi 2 ssteysyeietsiecyar-voresre aie eee iavouens Wie cus teres eislenere caret
Refund of duty on antelope from Alberta to Cache, Okla

DISBURSEMENTS

1927etelecranspandsGablecramst ance reer
C. J. Blazier, a/c license from Canadian Government... .
M. S. Garretson, expenses on trip to Idaho in connection
with: Idaho (Preserve: 2.2 cdi. seccsuinle otis scone sees
IParmine fine! MAING 5 o5o00gccdb0oGD GOK U000DR000C
C. J. Blazier, payment for ten antelope, expenses and ser-
WAGES? . 5 cvace ererevanevesbvetevesiale aye ie, cue eter rs crane abst eral aefata is cicieeesacls
Expresssonwantelopeue secs ccc. eee eee ies einai Bere
C. J. Blazier, payment for six antelope, expenses and ser-
WAGESH- cileAdive usr utes ous taleete rot scala usiicliek veloc Neterseeenuenceiei ete
American Railway Express—express on six antelope, Al-
bertancto Gaches Oklane sane sete cee ere eee
Edmund Seymour, expenses a/c trip to Washington, D. C.
Miscellaneous expense a/c stationery, postage, photos,
PEINTSS, ELC cic Acionstars: ho sistet ence cesar Dae oer rtereeae ae
Deficit (supplied from General Fund)..................

ea eascter sheds 10.00

PENS ese. so 10.00
SMoyaiessxeaven aye 10.00

srs lee eceel ais 10.00

Sane sisi etSas $3,616.00

sap ecaihars 119.00

309.00

102.10

$3,967.10 $3,967.10

(Signed) CrarK Wit.tams, Treasurer.

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Photo by Frank Rush

Fic. 1. A BABY ANTELOPE ONE DAY OLD, BORN ON THE WICHITA NATIONAL
FOREST AND GAME PRESERVE IN OKLAHOMA. 1923

Photo by Frank Rush

Fic. 2. TWIN ANTELOPE FAWNS ONE DAY OLD, BORN ON THE WICHITA NATIONAL

FOREST AND GAME PRESERVE IN OKLAHOMA. THESE YOUNG ANTELOPE ARE

THE OFFSPRING FROM ANTELOPE PRESENTED TO THE U. S. GOVERNMENT IN 1921
BY THE AMERICAN BISON SOCIETY

THE WICHITA ANTELOPE

In a letter to Dr. T. S. Palmer, of the Biological Survey, Wash-
ington, D. C., dated June 20, 1923, the District Forester of the Wichita
National Forest writes as follows concerning the antelope situation
on the Wichita National Game Preserve:

“We have just received word from Mr. Rush that there is but one survivor of
the six antelope shipped to the Wichita last fall. This survivor is a buck. Two
of the antelope died from the effects of ticks and two have disappeared. Mr.
Rush surmises that the coyotes got in and killed them while they were in the
little bull pasture. Later they were moved into the buffalo yard and the only
female left ran headlong into the gate and broke her neck. Of the antelope shipped
two years ago, one two-year-old buck and three two-year-old does remain. This
reduces the band to five adult antelope.

“Mr. Rush reports that the three does now have two fawns each. This brings
the band up to eleven head and Mr. Rush says that he had excellent luck with
them. It is to be hoped that the fawns born in captivity on the Wichita will
survive the vicissitudes which have decimated the original shipment that was
made by the American Bison Society. Since we have eleven antelope on the
Wichita it does not seem necessary at this time to seek further assistance from the
American Bison Society. We will, however, take our best care of the remaining
antelope. We are satisfied that Mr. Rush has done his best and it seems that we
have a fighting chance to secure a band of antelope on the Wichita.”

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
FOREST SERVICE
WICHITA NATIONAL FOREST

Cache, Oklahoma, June 30, 1923.

Mr. Epmunp Seymour,
45 Wall Street, New York, N. Y.
Dear Mr. Seymour:

Your letter of June 21st is received.

The six young antelope are all alive and doing fine and I hope we shall be
able to treat them successfully for ticks when they appear on them this fall.

I am enclosing herewith some pictures of the baby antelope. I photographed
these while they were too young to be afraid of a person.

Very sincerely yours,

Frank Rusu,
Forest Supervisor.

NAMES OF PLANTS FOUND ON THE PRAIRIE IN DIS-
TRICTS FREQUENTED BY ANTELOPE

THERMOPSIS RHOMBIFOLIA (Nutt.) RICHARDS. Yellow pea.

SYMPHORICARPOS OCCIDENTALIS HOOK. Wolf bush.

HOMALOBUS CAESPITOSUS NUTT. Milk vetch (Astragalus).

VIOLA ADUNCA SMITH. Violet.

ARTEMISIA CANA PURSH. Gray sagebrush.

BISTORTA BISTORTOIDES (Pursh) SMALL. Bistort.

DELPHINIUM BICOLOR DOUGL. Larkspur.

OROPHOCA CAESPITOSA (Nutt.) BRITTON. Milk vetch
(Astragalus).

ARTEMISIA FRIGIDA WILLD. Silvery sagebrush,

ARAGALLUS GRACILIS A. NELS. Loco weed.

PHLOX HOODIT RICHARDSON. Hood phlox.

POTENTILLA STRIGOSA PALLAS. Cinquefoil.

COMMANDRA PALLIDA PURSH. Bastard toad-flax.

VAGNERA STELLATA. Solomon’s seal (Smilacina).

PULSATILLA LUDOVICIANA NUTT. Pasque flower.

SIEVERSIA TRIFLORA (Pursh) DON. Old man’s whiskers.

PACHYLOPHUS CAESPITOSUM NUTT. Mountain primrose.

DODECATHEON PANCI FLORURIN (Durand) GREENS. Shooting

star.
CAREX. Sedge.
ERIOGONUM FLAVUM NUTT. Buckwheat bush.
SARCOBATUS VERMICULATUS. Grease brush.
LESQUERELLA ARENOSA (Richards) RYOB. Bladder pod.
PENTSTEMON NITIDUS DOUGL. Pentstemon.
ERIGERON COMPOSITUS PURSH. Fleabane.
KOELERIA GRACILIS. June grass.
PRUNUS SE. Cherry:
CALAMOVILFA LONGIFOLIA. Reed grass.
JUNIPERUS SIBIRICA BURGSD. Ground cedar.
CAREX FILIFOLIA. Sedge.
GRASS—cannot be determined. Grass.
RUMEX VENOSUS PURSH. Dock.
LEPARGYRAEA ARGENTA. Buffalo berry, Bull berry.
HEUCHERA PARVIFLORA NUTT. Alum root.
BOUTELOUA OLIGOSTACHYA POM. Grama grass.
ASTRAGALUS PECTINATUS DOUGL. Milk vetch.

Note: C. J. Blazier of Brooks, Alberta, Canada, who captured the young
antelope fawns for the American Bison Society, states that: “In all antelope
countries there is wormwood, juniper and sage. Antelope are like sheep, thev will
eat most any kind of weeds. They are very fond of peppermint, smart weed and
wild rose bush, and around sand dunes there is lots of things they like that I
do not know the names of.”

Another good authority states that he has on numerous occasions, for over
twenty-five years, watched the antelope in the country where they lived wild, just
to see what its chief food was. He said: “I found that they ate a good deal of
sage, but that greasewood was their favorite food. They also eat a good deal of
just grass, and it is their chief forage where they cannot get greasewood and sage,
notwithstanding all that scientists have written to the contrary. They eat some
buck brush and other small herbage, and I am of the opinion that in different
localities there is a difference in their tastes. I find that this is the case with the
habits of animals in general. What applies in one locality, does not always
apply in others.”

WORK OF THE UNNATURALIZED BASQUE SHEEPHERDER

In THE GuANO VALLEY, LAKE County, OrEGoN, WERE FouND THE CARCASSES OF

SEVENTY-FIVE ANTELOPE WHICH ON INSPECTION DiscLosED THE Fact THat THEY

Hap Bren Wantonty SuHot, As THEY Att Hap Buriet Hotes 1n THem anp No
Part OF THE CarcassEs UTILIZED

THES EUNST CENSUS

OF LIVING AMERICAN PRONG HORN ANTELOPE

PANUWARY “1 1922

Compiled by Martin S. Garretson

The number of antelope given in the following census has been
obtained with great difficulty; owing to the fact that many of them are
scattered in small bands over the most remote sections of a vast terri-
tory, however, the figures here shown are known to be approximately

correct.
UNITED STATES
Location Number | Total
CALIFORNIA:
Mi, IDoime—Srelsinom (Conminiv,ooococccpeoscodsos0000su0egapar 97
Dixiceavalley==\ViodocmGountyaenas anette nec meee ee 9
hes Vinda blatlvanee—lassen! Countyes acre acciciesciertscee ele 257
San Joaquin) Valley=—HresnosGounty-). 694-14 sae ste ei 18
Mendota——Hinesnom Counbyaeneeerneee ere ricerca oie Il
Los Angeles Refuge—Kern and Los Angeles County........... 12
GraniemWells—Sank berardimon Comntys saree ec aere: 30 4.34
COLORADO:
Estimate in small bands throughout the State.................. 50 50
IpAHo:
Owvheey Count vatiterictn tre ace tetera relent oli orero te casera ie 600
Dubos GlarkyelWembheande Guster: Countiesseare occas as 400 | 1,000
KANSAS:
Scobtmandm wichita Counties ceric creme aricieer 10
MWPorto mb CO vim yur rersceuo ete vecevs ties sicsteronsts cara ter Sores Seopetre tue ore ore hepa nencye eta 20 30
MOontTANA:
ANiontanae National: bisommlance user emcee cre cie a ciieise aaa 60
Towmesnd—Rionehyenee (COmmsy cooocconodccne0d0s5000000000C 60
Rstimatemumber anescatteneds bands eee ae oeeiaeicl retell 400 520
NEVADA:
Himboldtmandmblkow Gountieses ss crecioeceeeoreria cre ac 800
Wiidinoe (COmiii\z ococe aaoomornancoccno Spbicdo0 6 cores oom ace 200
Wihiteseinesandl Nive Counties) Hstimlates sc. 0-114 )-ltle ele ei WS | AOR)
New Mexico:
Bellil Wachiies, Skim IMieiiel Cowie cocccadaccovgcso0000c000000 75
Southeastenmsparton Helchya Gotimitsyi at er-tterere)elckenel ters cle erel ele lere arate 15
\Wesican pan or Socom, Coiiityocaccoccocosnsocccoccocouncde 20
Nowinean jaan Gi Chess, Couminy scoascsosoccoccocncnvcsau00C 15 125
NortH Dakota: 4
Near Beach in the Kildeer Mountain Region ................. 75 79

* Since the above census was taken, the band of 60 antelope on the Montana
Bison Range have been completely wiped out by wolves and Indian dogs, being

caught in deep snow drifts during a severe blizzard.

CENSUS—Continued

Location Number | Total
5

OKLAHOMA:

Wichita National Forest and Game Preserve .................
Cimmiaron' 7 Countyamee gee ec raters ciel ae eee 30 35
*OREGON:
Make? Goutitiye Were cit eet iiets eh aie lade ins Soe oD Pee ee ee 1,000
HisSewhenremimmscatteredmland samme erase era ee 250 | 1.250
SoutH Dakota:
Windai@avemNatronalmarkirrmere ernie eiener econo 33
Elsewhere in scattered bands, Estimate by State Game Warden 600 633
TEXAS:
Ma‘dllarvel Go tntiyatarcuturcat cniaaci cia e alevecietaheve sore eae ere 50
Guilbersongi@ountyemrre eee ict oe Ses A ee eae 75
El Rasow County dee icoc och be hoe ene OTe i
Olilinaren guncl lerilkery COWS. ooccancoccpos ccs as0ccnDsuea se. 175
Moonesandebintchinsons Gounties! saeco ene 15
Avsmemome gine! Brieeos: COMM§€ES 55, 000cn00cooce conaso0ce soe 15
Bailey, Cochran, Hockley and Lamb Counties................. 100
G@arsonmCoumty ccc csr s eee oe aon oo tee oe IO EE eae 12
RobentsinGount ye eects ise ana cec acd cate on era eee ee ee 10
Donley Counbya ee cace coe ee eee ener 10 547
UTAH:
Between Lund and Zion National Park ...................... 30
Elsewhere in scattered bands, estimate .................-..-- 45 75
Wyominc:
Welllowetomea INetiomall Iam ooscasanacocasccodaosoaoesoussuuc 250
Piichiiodk— Bie Ilan (COM, cooacccocctooconcdcansocoucuoce 1,500
Rstimatesinpothenspantsmousthemstatencrer mr eeeeene tee cetee 2,500 | 4,250
CANADA
ALBERTA:
Canyon Antelope Reserve—Wawaskesy Park.................- 1,000
INemiskamyAntelopemikesenvem sneer mee oem ere en cette: 100
Hiséwhere estimate tactecackie ee co. ose aoe trae ee 300 | 1,400
SASKATCHEWAN:
Estimate numbers teen ee eee ee I Oe 250 250
SUMMARY
Wnite cle" Stait esp bes seek Sore te ce ee eae) se reer 10,099
{OF Fa: 10 Fen At, Ai eR ey IS ea UE RE LE eG a ama eN Aran RP Neh Ace 1.650

7+ On the proposed antelope preserve in Lake County, Oregon, many antelope
were destroyed by the unnaturalized Basque sheepherders in defiance of State
Laws, the bullet punctured carcasses being left to rot where they fell.

The Mt. Dome band of antelope in Siskiyou County, California, under the
protection of the California Academy of Sciences, according to latest advice, now

numbers 121, this shows what protection will do for antelope on a range of their
own selection. The sum total as shown in the antelope census appears to be a
sizable figure, but it must be understood that these antelope are scattered in
forty-five bands, and perhaps more, over fourteen states and averaging from ten
to five hundred in a band.

There are some facts of vital importance concerning the present status of the
antelope that are not generally known to the public. The first is, the antelope
has been driven from its natural habitat to a more mountainous region where the
lack of food and deep snow take an annual toll much larger than in former years
on the plains and foothills, but this is not the principal cause oft their rapid
extinction, there are a number of contributive causes, principally four. The first
and greatest is their wholesale destruction by a certain class of foreign unnaturalized
sheepherders who have no respect for laws of any kind. The second is the home-
steader and small farmers who are annually reaching out farther into the last
ranges of the antelope. It is almost impossible for these dry-farmers to eke out
an existence under the most favorable circumstances, so, naturally they kill what-
ever game they can find, regardless of laws, for in that part of the country it is
very dificult to apprehend one killing game either on his own land or on that
adjoining. The third cause is the automobile, or, to be more exact, the creature
who in a spirit of unfairness, in an unmanly and unsportsmanlike manner, deliber-
ately drives his machine after the fleeing antelope for no other purpose than to
overtake and destroy it, and in this manner a number of promising bands in the
prairie country have been swept out of existence. No true sportsman would ever
employ such a method, he believes in fairness always, even to the creatures of
the wild.

The fourth is a more natural one but nevertheless a dangerous one. The
foothills and mountainous parts of the country where the antelope have taken
refuze, is also the home of the wolf and bobcat. When the antelope is helpless
in the deep snow it falls an easy prey to the wolf, and then again, in the spring
when the antelope kids are born these timid little creatures often furnish a
tender meal for the ever-hungry wolf, but this is nature’s way of keeping a balance
and has never jeopardized or caused a total extinction of any species without
the help of man.

The Prong Horn Antelope is found nowhere on the face of the earth except
in North America; they are rapidly disappearing and are now on the verge of
extinction, and unless prompt measures are taken for their preservation, they will
soon be gone forever.

on
—

1Ms03; LUNI ILOIRDS ClORUIKOSIMMY OVP ILOIRIBS) iar
WITHIN EASY RANGE OF THE SHEEPHERDER’S
DEADLY RIREE

REPORT ON A PROPOSED ANTELOPE SANCTUARY IN
SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO

By Martin S. GARRETSON
Secretary American Bison Society

Having been delegated by the American Bison Society to make
an examination of certain territory in southwestern Idaho in view of
co-operating with the United States Government in creating a sanctuary
for the protection of a considerable number of antelope which, accord-
ing to report, still range in that part of the country, I left New
York on May 12th, 1921, with instructions to proceed to Mountain
Home, Idaho, where I would connect with the U. S. Government Game
Inspector, Mr. F. M. Dille. A wire received while en route, from
Mr. Dille, changed the place of meeting to Boise, Idaho. At Boise
we found Mr. Luther J. Goldman of the U. S. Biological Survey.
Mr. Goldman said that he had anticipated going with us but found
it would be impossible to leave at this time. We then proceeded to
look up Mr. Earl F. Brace, a prominent ranchman, who owns and
lives on a ranch in that section of Owyhee County we proposed to
visit. Mr. Brace had come up from his ranch with teams and wagons
for supplies and to move his family, who had been staying in Boise
during the winter, back to the ranch for the summer. Mr. Brace
is a prominent ranchman in Owyhee County and thoroughly ac-
quainted with the country. He advised that we make his ranch our
headquarters, and as he expected to leave in a few days, it would
be a good idea for us to wait and then follow his wagon track,
as it would be the only one in that part of the country for nearly
one hundred miles. This we concluded to do, but owing to the
heavy rains, his start was delayed for some days. He had figured
it would take five days for his wagons to reach the ranch, but owing
to mud and swollen streams, it eventually required twelve.

In talking over our plans with the State Game Warden, Mr.
Otto M. Jones, he stated that he would like to see that region and,
if it was possible, to make it with a car, would take us through to
the Brace Ranch. This was a great opportunity, and although fully
realizing that we would be up against mud and treacherous streams,
immediately accepted the offer. We proposed to allow the teams
several days’ start so that we would all arrive at the ranch on the
same day.

THE RANCH HOUSE. HOME OF EARL F. BRACE, OWVHEE COUNTY, IDAHO

ci ca

THE CATTLE CORRAL. BRACES R RANCH, Owy HEE COUNTY, IDAHO
54

Mr. Brace pulled out early Monday morning and we left Boise
on Thursday afternoon, going by the way of Mountain Home and
across country to Grandview, a distance of seventy miles, where we
proposed to stop for the night. This town is in a valley of the
Snake and on the south bank of the river. A new iron bridge is
being built opposite the town, so we were obliged to cross five miles
below on the old cable ferry, known as Keith’s Ferry. At Grand-
view we were surprised to find Brace and the teams. As this was
as far as he had gone—seventy miles—since Monday and that over
the best section of the road, with ninety-two miles yet to go, over
soft and boggy roads, we therefore concluded to take Mr. and
Mrs. Brace in the car, and by an early start on the following morn-
ing, make the ranch by night. This was a wise move, as we lost no
time inquiring the way, and both Mr. and Mrs. Brace rendered
valuable assistance in extracting the car out of seemingly hopeless
mud holes in boggy meadows, and the treacherous crossings of numer-
ous streams which, in most instances, on account of soft mud_bot-
toms, had to be built up with sage brush, willows and rocks before
the car could venture across. There are no bridges in this part of
the country. We made a short halt at the Mud Flats shearing corral
and it soon became apparent that we were not only expected but also
our business fully known and understood. The subject of establish-
ing a game reserve seems to have been thoroughly discussed for some
two years and the very air seemed full of it. Numerous and embar-
rassing questions were asked, as to the intentions of the Government
and its future policy. The sheepmen, of course, are solidly against
any proposition that will debar or curtail the grazing of sheep, while
the cattlemen are strong for a Federal game reserve that will exclude
sheep but allow continuation of present conditions. Mr. Brace is a
leading factor in the latter case; it was he who noticed the steady
encroachment of the sheep into the cattle country and advised his
neighbors to take action, and now since we were on the ground, the
question was, “What does the Government propose to do in regard to
us, in case the reserve is established?” Similar questions were asked
by the sheepmen. It soon developed that every person we met not
only knew of our presence in the country but was fully acquainted
with the subject and had formed a set of questions which were impos-
sible for us to answer with any authority. Through these questions
we got a very clear idea of the general situation, 1.e., these cattle-
men and settlers, located within the proposed reserve, would welcome
the creation of a reserve that would exclude the sheep and leave present
conditions as they are. I asked thm if they were willing to sign a
paper bearing the conditions under which they would favor and
support Federal protection. This was somewhat of a delicate under-
taking, as these men are very suspicious and reluctant about signing
anything that might perchance, in some way, militate against them;
therefore, the proposition was very simple in form, briefly stating
that they were in favor of establishing the proposed game reserve,
providing all existing rights and use of the range will continue under

SHEEP HILLS. SAGEBRUSH PLAIN SIX MILES SOUTH OF HEADQUARTERS.
BRACE’S RANCH, OWYHEE COUNTY, IDAHO

present occupation and conditions, subject to such regulation as the
Secretary of Agriculture may prescribe.

Quite a number signed the paper; in fact, all that were ap-
proached; but as the region is large and the ranches widely separated
it was impossible to get them all at the time I was there. Mr. Brace
said that he would take the paper and get the balance of names, as
it was about time for the summer round-up and he would then send
me the paper. Of course, it will be understood that no sheepman
signed this paper; in fact, it was not offered to them. The names
that appear on it are only of those occupying and owning land within
the boundaries of the proposed reserve.

The country, for many miles south of Grandview, is now a dusty
wind blown desert, covered more or less with sage brush; all other
vegetation has disappeared. These conditions prevail well down
towards the boundaries of the proposed reserve and the sheepmen
look with longing eyes towards that fertile region occupied by the
cattlemen and over which hovers that protecting mantle known as
the “Priority law,” not a written law, but nevertheless one of such a
nature that it is observed by the sheepmen and recognized by the
courts.

The country within the proposed reserve is of a diversified nature,
with an elevation of from 4,500 to 5,500 feet. It consists of rolling

table lands, valleys, deep canyons and butts. Towards the northern
boundary are the Juniper Mountains. The whole country is covered
with sage brush and other vegetation, including good stands of bunch
grass. This holds good except on the high fables or mesas which are
scant in vegetation om are covered with layers of flat shale and loose
stones of a lava formation. There are no trees except an occasional
juniper found miles apart and a few in some of the canyons. To
the north, on the juniper mountains, they are quite plentiful, the
principal varieties being the juniper, cedar, cottonwood and moun-
tain mahogany. The country is not and never can be an agricultural
one, as its composition is of a rocky nature, totally unfit for agri-
culture except in such places along the streams where irrigation can
be had. All such places are either owned or have been filed upon;
outside of these districts the country can never be used for other than
grazing purposes.

The streams are well placed and furnish sufficient water for a
large number of stock. To the south is the Owyhee River, South
Fork and Little Owyhee River, and to the east Deep Creek, Black
Canyon and Beaver Creek. Both Deep Creek and the Owyhee River
flow through deep and picturesque canyons, the trails crossing them

IN PARTS OF THE RANGE; NUMEROUS TRAILS LED THROUGH ANCIENT
SAGEBRUSH

are very few and many miles apart and are difficult and dangerous to
negotiate, as are the fording places of these streams.

Having made Brace’s ranch our headquarters, we radiated out
over the country for many miles in every direction, practically cover-
ing the territory included within the proposed reserve, except that
portion known as the Y P Desert. This tract lies between the main
Owyhee River and its south fork. It is not what is commonly known
as a desert, being a high plateau, fairly grassed over and having a
number of water holes.

This is the winter home of the antelope; they gather here because
the snow is seldom deep and the food more easily obtained. This
Y P Desert derives its name from the Y P Ranch whose cattle graze
over it during the winter. The home ranch is located some ten miles
south of the state line into Nevada. From the high bluffs, on the
north bank of the Owyhee River, we had a fine view of the country
beyond. From the foot to the top of the steep bluffs across the river
could be seen the much used trails of the antelope, made during their
spring and fall migrations to and from the Y P Desert. Below on
the river at this point is a fording place known as Rickard crossing;
it is used by both antelope and stock in crossing the river. The view
from our point of observation was one of silent grandure. Several
hundred feet below, like a ribbon, coursed the Owyhee River, in a
swift muddy current. From the opposite shore up the steep bluff
wound the trails used only by the antelope to a small bench and then
to a single trail up over the rim-rock and on to the Y P Desert. Far
below to the right lay that unknown quantity, the ford. At this time of
year the water was high and the current swift. Presently a number
of small objects were seen moving towards the ford; as they ap-
proached nearer they were soon recognized to be horses. We quietly
blended as much as possible with the surrounding scenery and scarce
dared breathe, forsooth, those semi-wild horses have eyes like antelope,
and we were particularly anxious to see them cross the river. We
watched them through the glasses as they went over, and from what
we saw concluded that it would not be wise to attempt it; and more-
over we were repeatedly assured that there was no antelope in that
region at this time of year. The antelope leave the Y P Desert
in the spring and scatter out in small groups from two to four all
over this region from Nevada to the north of the Juniper mountains
and from the Duck Valley Indian Reservation over into Oregon. At
no time did we see more than four together and more often encountered
but one. We closely questioned all the ranchmen and others we met
as to the number of antelope in the country, their winter and summer
ranges and the largest number seen last winter. Each gave his indi-
vidual estimate without any knowledge of our having asked anyone
else. They all agreed that the most of the antelope wintered on the
Y P Desert and that the average number seen was about six hundred

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in bands from fifty to three hundred each, and that during the summer
they were widely scattered north, east and west of the Owyhee River.

We traveled for many miles in every direction, practically cov-
ered the territory mentioned. The total number of antelope seen, as
noted from day to day, was not over sixty, although we encountered
numerous tracks and signs that would indicate the presence of a larger
number in certain vicinities than we had observed.

The country east of Deep Creek is a rolling table and included
within the summer range of the antelope, but recently sheep have
invaded this section and indications are that the antelope are either
being killed or driven away. In a whole day’s ride we saw but one
antelope miles away and running at great speed. None of the antelope
seen outside of the sheep range were as wild as this; in fact, most
of them seemed unafraid, and in one particular instance, a fine buck
followed us for quite some distance, approaching to within twenty-
five yards of the rear horse. This was north of the sheep range, and
that day we saw thirteen, the largest number for one day. At the
ranch where we stopped that night, the owner stated that he had seen

Cadena PRE 00%, oe

FIVE MILES SOUTH OF BRACE’S RANCH, OWYHEE COUNTY, IDAHO
ANTELOPES IN MIDDLE FOREGROUND

THE BLUFFS ALONG THE OWYHEE RIVER WERE, UN TIL A FEW YEARS AGO, THE HOME OF THE BIGHORN

twelve that afternoon near the corral of a vacant ranch, and this was
not in the place where we had recorded the others. This clearly indi-
cates that antelope will not long survive in a country occupied by
sheep. The majority of sheep in this region are either owned by or
in the hands of Basques, natives of a province of Spain; their moral
standard is low; they do not speak the English language and pretend
not to understand it when spoken, have little or no respect for laws
and none whatever for game laws, State or Federal; the only law they
do respect is the “Priority” law which, in that remote region, does not
require much time or intelligence to fully understand.

The territory included within the proposed reserve has not been
invaded to any great extent by the sheepmen, but they are moving up
closer each year and seeking new territory by leasing school sections.
They have considerable holdings east of Deep Creek in Township
12-s, Range 1l-w, but in order to protect the antelope in their migra-
tions north from their winter range, this township must be included
in the reserve, as one of their favorite crossings is over Battle Creek
near its mouth. There is no question but that the antelope are being
killed by these Basques, as evidence in shape of loosely constructed
stone huts, built to command favorite crossings and resorts of the
antelope were found, also that they had been occupied quite recently,
hence the terror of the one lone antelope seen that day. In establish-
ing the eastern boundary of this reserve, these sheep should be moved
back east of this township.

The boundaries of the proposed reserve, according to our investi-
gations, should be, starting at the northwest corner of township 10-s,
Range 6-w, running east to center of township 10-s, R 2-w, south to
Township 11-s, R 2-w, thence east on a straight line to the northeast cor-
ner of Township 11-s, R 1-w, from there straight down to the Nevada
State line, following this line west to the Oregon State line, and thence
due north along the State line to starting point. This will include most
all of the summer and winter range of the antelope in this part of
Idaho. From various sources we received information that the ante-
hope frequently drifted south into Nevada and west into Oregon; this
would be a very natural move for them to make, as the Y P Desert
extends diagonlly across the State of Idaho and into both of these
other states for some miles. It might be possible to extend protection
over both ends of this desert.

There are a number of unsurveyed townships in the proposed
reserve on which are three settlers, most of the other settlers in this
country are stockmen and own considerable land, and are there to
stay, paying taxes on land and cattle; they are opposed to the sheep-
men and their methods, as he is neither a settler, desirable person or
of any benefit to the community, pays no taxes, ruins the land and
then passes on. The country is unfit for agricultural purposes, there-
fore, when the grazing is destroyed by the sheep, it is, and will remain,
a barren desert of loose stones, whereas cattle have and do graze on
it year after year without injuring it.

These cattlemen and bonafide settlers are the men who seek to
protect the antelope, they kill very few of them and the antelope on
their range do not seem to be so wild. It is these men that created
the idea of Federal protection for antelope and other game in their
country, and will offer no objections whatever. providing their rights
will be protected and present conditions not materially changed. The
sheepmen are quite stirred up over our being in the country and are
seeking means to fortify their position and further entrench themselves.
The latest advice was that they intended to lease all available school
sections, but it does not appear that such a move would be of much
benefit to them, especially as the school sections are widely scattered
and they would be obliged to cross some cattleman’s holdings to reach
them, and moreover, many of them are without water.

On this proposed reserve for the antelope, there are a number of
other species of wild life. The sage grouse are fairly abundant; we
saw numbers of them each day, and several hens with broods of active
chicks. In the northwestern townships are a number of black tail
deer variously estimated at from eighty to one hundred and fifty, and
until a few years ago a band of eleven mountain sheep raz.zed the bluffs
and canyons along the Owyhee River, the last one—an old doe—was
killed about three years ago. Along the streams can be found both
beaver and otter in fair numbers. Of the smaller animals there are
quite a variety, viz., the porcupine, mountain marmot, badger, ground
squirrel, cotton tail rabbit and the snowshoe rabbit. There are some
coyotes, and in the Juniper mountains bob cats and an occasional
cougar. There are, also, some rattlesnakes, bullsnakes, lizards and
horned toads.

The roads in this country are very few and mostly trails. There
is a fairly good auto road from Grandview to the Mud Flats shear-
ing corral; this is necessary for the transportation of wool to the rail-
road at Mountain Home. From Mud Flats on down, it is more or
less of a primitive wagon trace, its course meanders through the
meadows along the streams, up and over steep hills and rimrocks,
across sloughs and bridgeless streams, and finally ends in Mr. Brace’s
corral. It is by no means an auto road, and our car was the second
that had ever been over it, the other was a surveying outfit. Most of
the people in this country travel on horseback, wagons are used prin-
cipally to freight in supplies for the ranchmen. There are a number
of trails leading in various directions. The cattle trail goes north to
Murphy, the nearest shipping point where a branch of the Oregon
Short Line comes down from Nampa. Another road from Brace’s
Ranch runs to Fairylawn, where the Post Office is located. This town
is in the northwestern corner of the proposed reserve, a distance of
about thirty-five miles from Brace’s. The old emigrant trail from
Elko, Nevada, to Silver City, Idaho, runs in a northwest direction about
five miles south of Mud Flats and close to the northeastern corner of
proposed reserve.

No opportunity should be lost in creating this preserve at the
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have so expressed themselves in a signed petition, the significance of
which should not be overlooked; it is by far the best protection that
could be afforded the antelope, as these settlers are widely scattered
over this territory and would see to it that the law was enforced,
but if the Basque sheepmen are allowed to occupy the country, it will
be but a short time before the antelope are killed or driven off and the
nests of the sage grouse trampled out by the sheep, vegetation destroyed
and the country made a barren waste.

SHEEP ON A NATIONAL FOREST PRESERVE

SHEEP GRAZING ON THE FPusiic Lanps, Nor Onty Destroy THE NATURAL
VEGETATION But Atrso TRAMPLE Out THE NESTS OF THE SaGE GROUSE AND
OtuHeR Grounp NestinGc Brirps

NOTICE

THE AMERICAN BISON SOCIETY

Is now exerting all its energies towards the pre-
servation of the fast disappearing

PRONG HORN ANTELOPE

FOUND ONLY IN NORTH AMERICA
NOW ON THE VERGE OF EXTINCTION

In former years the antelope ranged in countless
numbers over all that vast territory west of the
Missouri River, both in Canada and Mexico, but
have melted away before the advance of civilization
until now they are almost extinct. To allow this
would be a blot on our civilization and a crime
against posterity, therefore we make an earnest
appeal to all friends of Wild Life for assistance in
the preservation of the Antelope.

All donations should be made payable to
AMERICAN BISON SOCIETY
and sent to the Treasurer

CiarK WILLIiAMs, 37 Liberty St., New York

MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN BISON SOCIETY

HONORARY MEMBERS

Dre Walliam’ TS Homaday.......- New York Zoological Park, New York, N. Y.
Einnlestal ano lm lsaymes: tspescrcsyoters ets piers oon ee eee Meriden, N. H.
lameswitenGartiel dite .s << ba saree one crore ave sooo Garfield Building, Cleveland, Ohio
PATRONS
Blue Mountain Forest Association............. 192 Broadway, New York, N. Y.
Mirswealicrapl) pa Gonrad ss 41; noche cts ite es othe ere ere are Kalispell, Mont.
Flowers Hillii tater ciehe es cnsifisvs.c- cisusistceelo. cuteepe meee Been cae Soppopsiy leehell, Mila,
Cole CharlesmCoodmicht; *j.cdiceraes os soc ae coe aoe eee Goodnight, Texas
CONTRIBUTORS
ljareal (@ lelighwain, 5 45h denengeceauaus 13 South William Street, New York, N. Y.
Wom Vc Great ter mete hes Fass oie oon sneer ae 157 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III.
INO DERI CamenOnwINOGers was stas oe cides Sera ae ee ee Santa Barbara, Calif.
Missa Wanye Vintehellesentcne cee os cee 3703 West Pine Boulevard, St. Louis, Mo.

LIFE MEMBERS

Nline.: Siaakerenel= Jal, VNllti ee Meee a poeta ceobces oscucee Hotel Alms, Cincinnati, Ohio
Wee ACP ANTILLES OMe cyniciaio heise. erat aes sics-aiecsvos nate eteeone 80 West 40th Street, N. Y. C.
NMirsspilennyaeDrapetec ccs cori. occieosel ea aeeaee 271 Madison Avenue, New York
Same blenshaweret-acter 2 a anydsois ot od See ine eee eee Cambridge, Mass.
Benj aminmhemionmantesi sei aeiciiseisiere 2131 Land Title Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

William T. Hornaday,
c/o N. Y. Zoological Park, 183rd St. and So. Boulevard, N. Y. C.

lfiacne lal, Namen 6a5b5 ccocamedooconeobe: 220 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass.
IN Use INTC GRO R sine re oan Oa ince eee castro Baca Gaooobte oonsons Milton, Mass.
Aira; HAN LENCO ean GO MOmOO na eead as bp ecd po oomsodD oan ouedS Boston, Mass.
WW. IETS IN GIIIe. a cal lole ctor ote OEE EOI ee co Pia a oe aiols The Rookery, Chicago, IIl.
leohteiral: Ibe “IPA kereaa a wens Gb acme den rece nt 50 State Street, Boston, Mass.
CeorsepAtebeabodyeccss se areca to cee scien The Hurley Farm, Denvers, Mass.
(Clkegy Jal, [RIGOR Ss ¢-c.¢ penn Oe AIOE ce GE enon wen oon 25 Broad Street, New York
MiiGmasmiHarnismbOwersec aaeeercsee eer 119 South 16th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
GhrarlesaS si Saneeniiae shes ro sci eieraig ey ciciaseusil sneer “Holm Lea,” Brookline, Mass.
IBearirGl INTEC, cig MOO Bere oe ca Reon Perce binin oe Do Or Gate tora ct Boston, Mass.
IMs, Jilovall IRs WhticespadasogacassnosocoGcucd 77 Bay State Road, Boston, Mass.
ILS". WWEOS2s ca Aouad o ote CeO cer 4740 North Mascher Street, Phila., Pa.

ACTIVE MEMBERS

WAUSAU no thee teeros reve a ccwtel ote tetan Si cuchahueuste heres 400 So. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa.
CBI Nile eres ee oes ays eats siwetewnes c/o Norton Company, Worcester, Mass.
Meer At WOO Geer tannstostaccs ac ous oe aaeeieienete 468 Chauncey Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Frank Baackes....... c/o Amer. Steel & Wire Co., Rookery Bldg., Chicago, IIl.
iLgtemesael 1D). Bnilhiinecooconcen donodoonoo00o0 uD 27 Pine Street, New York City
Gharles ee Boallaens secs oe on-cs etsistoteroiers 150 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III.

JulesaBreuchaudeersneee aren eeccrcrer sear 2 West 67th Street, New York City

Mrsselosephebiidchampeereerieerer cerca e 134 George Street, Providence, R. I.
Brice GenspeAcebuchanane essere renee 2210 Mass. Avenue, Washington, D. C.
Joseph vs Bilkleye cis cise cio eee ee a eI ee earn Lyme, Conn.
HeritnyzvAm (Cacsarien carinii itera erienacre 630 Park Avenue, New York City
David HBMEarse ss cee coe en oat eleto aiero mer oion 71 Broadway, New York City
lala IL, CEIREOM. so abocoucccc0gs00eduE 1336 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Chippewa Falls Park Asso., Chippewa Falls, Wis., Earle H. Baily, Sec’y,
Chippewa Falls, Wis.

Jamesis 2 Clan karen merece tee sn ok ere cee eer 949 Homes Street, New York
Moan Wynmeny COpo'scocoscoccsavccguaosudue 12 Summit Street, Chestnut Hill, Pa.
ZeaMarshallCnane sess ccrt crisis ace eee ee oe EE enor Dalton, Mass.
Meaunsellitoan Crosbyan (Gapi®)emecererricceericrteciace Grasmere, Rhinebeck, N. Y.
Milton F. Davis, Brig. Gen., N. Y. Military Academy, Cornwall-on-Hudson, N. Y.
MSD eo enenarayeee ro ionn cet sie feucl Pa 44 West 74th Street, New York City
Wallin Ge ID eniiieestiggnecamooodd odio oboeadodcso0 217 Broadway, New York City
AM ol ent Bia tomerses cravesstescxsis «tus /oeetane ae erere orore mere eae Eatons Ranch, Wolf, Wyo.
MisspiiaeSsebiciwandSir vase: ntie coe ciation or 73 Ten Broeck Street, Albany, N. Y.
lols Gls JB, been Onemia Smee Oo tiaas corsboc dias 6 73 Ten Broeck St., Albany, N. Y.
Mbigs, Miron (CC. imloiniocackocosocanoccsnc 46 West 83rd Street, New York City
WilmotekenEivansseeee seo sae SSE eee siasc a ae 36 School Street, Boston, Mass.
DrO Hee Everett rss ace aioe orien ena oe Pearl Street, Worcester, Mass.
Rlennyeoe leek. < seniaceectasern c/o Fleek & Neal, 41 So. Third St., Newark, O.
Alexanders HOrb 6S) oc accicncletee teen os Heese onase Saeco ee re Milton, Mass.
Pe Viurcayaeblonbessenecrecce cere 107 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Mass.
DrehlomensGacet nares cee oe eee 8 Chestnut Street, Worcester, Mass.
Martinis 9) Garnetsonhiscs cc cians oe OCR oi ee cee Glittonse Nee
Mirse Walter ‘Geer... o.. 5 cesyeee ace ......246 West 72nd Street, New York City
IMiigS IMEI? ISS (EnlysOinte s6occosccc0cec0cbuenuc 1612 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Cibsonsbrothers: ‘Inceyened ec hee Ee oe enor Yakima, Washington
Mrs. E, H. Godeffroy, Neversink Lodge, Cone P. O., Orange County, N. Y.
Charless\Coodnieht scan Mecersueors Cae ee oe ie oe eI Goodnight, Texas
Ca Ould s cr ete eee ere ee eR aren Box 275, Santa Barbara, Cal
IMeadisomm Grant vers. sci ee coe 22 East 49th Street, New SPanle City
udlowaGriscoml vac ee erro toe oa 37 Fifth Avenue, New York City
WalliameRussell Hallettwessneses so: beige 8, A RRR Re 60 India St., Boston, Mass.
Wee Ate Hanrbisonis.5 cement Lines 1712 Farmers Bank Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.
Wan @ie Earlamic. <x cis Wake Ac castes Sate asia ein icra eee Hamilton, Montana
Wawa wis o7,.52 cactus tetas oh cbran te tie reeoe te Geert aa Cee ma Re Bennington, Vermont
Ullah ako aa en ea cocker uc Ce ies doe oe .-.1199 Knoll Avenue, Pasadena. Cal.
Johmneeenshaw: sve ameyer aie ieree eration 42 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.
Gléemensablérschel iss teen ee ie icscenipon nie erie 2 Hall Street, New York City
Robertawe Hunts. a2. oat ancl aaa -saee 614 E. Division Street, Chicago, IIl.
Ghanlesmlbeebutchinsoneeeae eet eerie 2709 Prairie Avenue, Chicago, II].

Col. E. Lester Jones, c/o Megaunment of Commerce, U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey,
Washington, D. C.

Hheodores emma c/o Aldine Club, 200 Fifth Ave., New York City
Bree annsia Wenn €dyicccvsrs.t aroneasietave coe eae Che role Tol oP tote Ce esterone Readville, Mass.
\Wailitenon IXenirs bo5ccooccuc 1410 Borland Bldg., 105 So. La Salle St., Chicago, Il.
Atd OlifeekCub iro tle Saeeey Setar chara eae eee ene 17 East 69th Street, N. Y. C.
CeO lFace lle een ay oo es are, cr Sat Sen tcl atic? a een art eae roe Whitinsville, Mass.
SPP lhippincoute asd. cco ether ee eee Wyancote, P. O., Pa.
Bran alleyain anny cicltepi ts Aco asaya ee ee ere 14 Wall Street, New York City

Theodore Lyman, Jefferson Physical Laboratory, Harvard University,
Cambridge, Mass.

CarltikeeiMicHaddénee nants eer eee ne Cee eee 90 West Street, N. Y.
Drews PaaMMantonvan cttenae seem pne eens 32 Adams Avenue, West, Detroit, Mich.
WeiaeVic Galistensemeneaee 712 City National Bank Bldg., Wichita Falls, Texas
IRiGmenl IME WMleCealll, oos5ocacpovcoccbnococe 311 So. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
IWGESS Mic Createcwamctin oe eo ae eae Room 1331, Peoples Gas Bldg., Chicago, Ill.
Ws Tessie loin 35 eee = ear eae ee eee P. O. Box 1214, Pittsburg, Pa.

Wiss@ileloisem Vievernnae gas cect cs orcas ae oes “Overlee,” Lenox, Mass.

Miss Glarence Gs Muchaliss,. ....4ccceeec ee 130 East 67th Street, New York City
Ei Ose Neem Vit Shrereatets cogs ashe sche hea ett Coa Tones Peak, Colo.
E. W. Nelson, c/o Biological Survey, Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, Dy, (Ce
Se VIPMIN Gx Ontemercrsiei ai ctelrersieis, Sante hisierolsia Bete oes oe P. O. Box 638, Pocatello, Idaho
CillbertaNee Oakesi.cits cn8icis asad oeree noe. Oyster Bay Inn, Oyster Bays Nee
Drill, Ohesttisccocacoseesssepoee sone Mechanics & Farmers Bank. Albany, N. Y.
Brot. lenny, HiOsborns .. 320% 08. oes es c/o Museum of Natural History, N. Y. C.
MD repli Sema leallIme4ny: saya/ee ae sre adeor a 1939 Biltmore St., N. W., Washington, D. C.
Gen. Daingerfield Parker............. 1431 21st Street, N. W.., Washington, ID) Ce
John J. Paul Sond 0.0 BO ICRI Be SRO IEE EPS i cesatorc .... Watertown, Florida
Tobe Mab hillinseacect. 2. c/o Phillips Mine & Mill Supply Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
lei Cau eee TersO mar ycsans <fsuiore sted bard tack aoe 15 William Street, New York City
CAD) ROD Chee ct ieitias «crs seitonsins sehen 212 2) troquels Avenue, Detroit, Mich.
All ln enifag tem bamaALbeasetery seler tas =e its sharks so Sereye tees Choe ee _ Atlantic Highlands, ING dic
@olenrangplvan d ol here festnts che srcidinn cco 54 oo ee Morristown, N. J.
(Cliardkesi Jal iRenpaorncl, saoooanonecoos oc 46 MacCulloch Avenue, Morristown, N. J.
Wy oe Oe eT SOMM yer once: 01s sc oles ayes coke ade pee he ee ee Oradell, N. J.
Jo HERG Ss cone on eE nae c/o Phillips Mine & Mill Supply Co., Pittsburgh, Bae
Nicola ep Vie S chi cire limes cris cm. atst- cise shen ene eee Grasmere, Rhinebeck, INE Ye
[Eira Stim prS GLO Mees eevhe iit sera cvlavereveletse Ghee Sa a ee Greene. Conn.
PomuncdeSe yuna une ake seiicte male ome 45 Wall Street, New York City
DirmCeoncei Gy onattuck. ms... ...:.000/adeies ss Ones 205 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.
VAT SAS LE LOO TA Sys rer stey 0 Rt iecs.arh Rae esc c: Sek eae ae ae Delhi, N. Y.
Hon. George Shiras, 3rd...................Stoneleigh Court, Washington, D. C.
IF: MI SUITED AT Sacer Renee cae ee ES Syndicate Building, Oakland, Cal.
Wesilinclsleismitthie sj atc crnsictes'e oeraicis 03.8 sae 201 Liberty Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.
ering yall dimceeerersserhtiarkor cares sasteocns 2626 Prairie Avenue, Chicago, Ill.
Jiohnpsles paul dineaseece 2 ree ole eee) \Gonoress Street) bostonan Wass:
Willi (Si GQypmlllintss ae sa can eee odaee dacorue de ooc 50 Congress St., Boston, Mass.
Walliyaliaums Stetanssons.. 21). -/. ss «ici c/o Amer. Geographical Society, N. Y. C.
Charles H. Stonebridge..... 23 Warren Street, or 148th St. & 3rd Avenue, N. Y. C.
Ghraglessous ulllvaniesewieysiccce ssroe aware cree 1034 So. Main Street, Anderson, S. C.
18S We TGhaloies 6g ooo cine meee oya eho ene eee Main Street, Worcester, Mass.
Cais INI WIS henloiee 5 Gees Rene oee mca aiccn Naval War College, Newport, R. I.
FMI ee ball Otte ees» scleaste oe cacie seamen ee First & Ludlow Sts., Dayton, O.
Colehobenta\icebhompsonysscs + senate 16 East 43rd Street, New York City
(Conlin (Cf his cree a ieee aoe eeeees oc Young Building, Allentown, Pa.
ined entckes Kees Vineelandin. scr. iac sad eae osmies ee 90 West Street, New York City
Gian esis Gama fall ler-eete yer «arses, aco cis sneibiachateerl ssc 50 State Street, Boston, Mass.
MfeS. lakiniie \Wae alii inlep.gonbenemenercden oooeacapo cay Sc Goodwin, South Dakota
Tis Ue WARE ION Talos eae DE one eae Mea Ora EIAs ABO G nie. no tit Butte, Montana
JoseSs MovenmomW hantomesse cece seeece acc: 3146 North 17th Street, Philadelphia
GhanlessaWiheeleraoe cect. se 6 sees North American Building, Philadelphia
Wallan bsewWihelens-<,.-ci:aso% ods ee ese 505 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
olmuplaygewiities sissies eo eit os c/o F. B. Keech & Company, New York City
1D). Tks. WH ainieellllasges total on netEnee cons ote? Cae ceeeneesae rn 620 Connelly Street, Paris, II.
Gasp arg Wihimeyinciersevsnceess eave eats a quia evi vito aetreuotehs seine Irvington-on-Hudson, N. Y.
Blom. (Clams \WAllieiiSe 6 Seee neice Otoe eo Oe Sou.cea ono 160 Broadway, N. Y. C.
Jerse: WY AWM Dee cocisemiGd comecen ae 5430 Germantown Ave., Phila., Pa.
COMMER 00 Cerra e esi oc ietasd caeust cotter tacos cues 50 Foster Street, Worcester, Mass.
Inolasas Sighs Weil onooonsuecos 1512 Eighth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.
(Centeom be VEY One cee Saaric ae eles gras Soldiers’ Home, Washington, D. C.

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS
Theodor G. Ahrens, Ph.D....Berlin Lichterfelde—Ost—Boothstrasse 21, Germany

Horace Marden Albright................ Supt., Yellowstone National Park, Wyo.
HdwardebhelpspaAlliliss itesas a.m see Palais de Carnoles, Menton (A. M.) France
Wermont sail everiais sccraa ae r ayeisc oe mre: 1834 Kalorana Road, Washington, D. C.
Ceone CMA ALLO Mr coe.css aevsisier= « suers Ace cayeie see shesbeas ie ehate aieveqe ettus eianerepec oe Rye, N. Y.

RecA, (Bartletts cach satis sedes vere aneta. < oscar Se eee Woodsville, N. H.

Go CEBArt Or crass cena Ae eee aati ae ek oak eas te Pree Oe Eden, N. Y.
DiS! Wie Battle stearate creed rave tvs hs sre nore ee ee ee Asheville, N. C.
JohniESBettss aes see eee eee 319 North 4th Street, St. Louis, Mo.
Leymianis laine myc eater nae ke oliuerork cloner rere Hillside Avenue, Greenville, Me.
AU Huidekoper Bondi... casa0 5. 6 sora eae 21 East 60th Street, New York
Prank Brew stenaceraner a rcs oe ee Ames Building, Boston, Mass.
Johnol SDM Bristolypemenmac ait acis oer Madison Ave. & 23rd St., N. Y. C.
DicksongOmMBrownerrie sts tee tae ete eee 11 Broadway, New York City
CharlessS Butler errr cc. aoe eens cece eee 32 Nassau Street, New York City
Buttes Glectnichhya Cosemacen asics ose neer Daly Bank Bldg., Butte, Mont.
CharlesnWsiGaesane on sete cess ci ke sao ane 630 Park Avenue, New York City
Mins salbanramiins Caesar pacts svsrcncl os cies aoe 630 Park Avenue, New York City
W. R. Callender...... Bite Ae PR oe See 239 Westminster Street, Providence, R. I.
Wet Miheg Campy peste aternig occ once a ror Sees eae 7740 Union Avenue, Chicago, Ill.
J. S. Carpenter, Rear Admiral, U. S. N., Navy Department, Washington, D. C.
Georges @anyaalinene ates. acts re eee ee 460 Franklin Street, Buffalo, N. Y.
dikromasan Gatayny yet tose torre eee ee 7 West Genesee Street, Buffalo, N. Y.
DD Gasementere. einen save ceca ote ee SC ee Manhattan, Kansas
lakeraumy Sy, ClneniG@s oo occccsoadsocososccensscccaes) Cooke Simei, Proviclenes, IR5 I.
John P. Chessrown..c/o Phillips Mine & Mill Supply Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.
StanhinowmwrChildsécns. se cren enn Soe one 25 Nassau Street, New York City
Rese Cliiltom aA ter se seis ate he ae A Sone Voom Coboing, Ontario, Canada
tele Ghinistianton nonce e came tine eee 1012 East Broad Street, Richmond, Va.
@larences Mir Glark +: wale meracte es oes 321 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
mony Wea Clarkepeciener ere eine oie ne 1740 Jefferson Ave. E., Detroit, Mich.
F. S. Cleghorn.........................-.04 Batterymarch Street, Boston, Mass.
PlazenviGlement:5 sno. oe nae CRO a eae 70 State Street, Boston, Mass.
EIS Clowes, diteseecsore cistron oats c/o Rand, McNally & Co., Chicago, Il.
ualitameCodmans.s seems once oe eee eae 18 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass.
NifrediiNie Gollingyt een esas rece nee 226 Columbia Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.
lennymlaen Collinsssmretericsemieeieeea en 226 Columbia Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa.
ranks Conklin csce crete See oe ae nee Lakeville, Mass.
MisseViarcaret “i "Conliessse era o cete coo ei ucrsterTee Magnolia, Mass.
shenchCGseCoxes:<jctee tachi ee oe eee Asheville, N. C.
CBPM Cuntise sco sus ee On eee 71 Ames Building, Boston, Mass.
GhanlesvG@. i Curtissetac ee cate ane 110 Astor Street, Chicago, III.
ihhomase Gurtissss- see eer eee 671 Lafayette Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.
@harleseAMDeans-.incncmorceie sence c/o Hollingsworth & Whitney Co., Boston
Jalen INoss IDS ENT S. sc6ccocncocuudvacctcuccoudsouce cee Wall Sima, IN, YC
OUTS ENED) Crimi an cre Seer cia eee ee eer ee Brentmoor, St. Louis, Mo.
H. W. Dickey, V.P., The Conrad Nat’] Bank of Kalispell, Kallispell, Montana
App RADIENSt eo S3,c2 cts ee eee Third Avenue & 140th Street, New York
lies, “, Collsmem ID IO, soccoaa0csoK0b000e 808 Broome St., Wilmington, Del.
Nircee ASG sDuTtee. saseehe nye et ueeactintn etn eee ae P. O. Box 39, Wickford, R. I.
JolingWaghidinondse once ae cee seems 107 Wall Street, New York City
Mins eltwa eH Ott: cyan etnies meen ee 30 Saxon Road, Newton Highlands, Mass.
RalolaWiis sac cccurs. ose oes hones cee Ge ae ee ee Jericho, L. I.
aor, IMiontiom 5 IWikraelsoosacecacec University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
Ceorgeme Relist: eek cients sine Coe Le OLE Erne Norwalk, Conn.
EIS SESE Me nSOMcerse co vacetee caren eo oe 311 Main Street, Stoneham, Mass.
Mri @Ghanlesmiivans accpevacwercia oo ene ee er eee Riverton, N. J.

Dr. Barton Warren Evermann,
Director, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Cal.

MrstelohniVaRarwell wires. pone cece oe eee Ardleigh, Lake Forest, Ill.
Drishy, Mernal di cota. scale oe weet Aces oer eee 420 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass.
Georzen Woods Garrardenn 7 crore eee ee EC ee nore Frontenac, Minn.
‘JohnmW an Ganretiven cece eee German St. corner of South, Baltimore, Md.
DetidwardeGhicdellanseeeneeeencenee 460 Columbia Avenue, San Francisco, Cal.
Roberts Mes Gibsoma-weceto ere eo Cee eeeeee Webster Grove, Mo.

gdlwatay Ii, (Call ines aenees ects oan patetcho ol bits cid ore os iora c 691 La Loma Road, Pasadena, Cal.

Walter Ih. Goochsiint™ $554 etaneede cd bonclddo oss. 783 Main Street, Hartford, Conn.
Charles Goodyear, Jie... aes some creas 123 Oakland Place, Buffalo, N. Y.
IRews (Parey Si (Gireiaiga sant cea Sea ieee oenciste ete 7 West 10th Street, N. Y. C.
pen Gan (Greets CKetracses ts pest cicies op sc ansuassiie cca eee roe: 886 Ellicott Sq., Buffalo, N. Y.
JNM? Go GRIN, hie, Shes deen Sen Se, eee tates Caen eee rl 5 Nassau Street, New York
Ruollaracl Garey ar. cated chekens CeCe re menor earn erences ear 60 State Street, Boston, Mass.
Chas: JP» Grayson, M.D................262 South 5th Street, Philadelphia, Pa:
Oran <Ginclers & Ss eee ee rere elon: HEE be ee Heo ao as bio Sc Asheville, N. C.
Brincklem Cumin ey, aeeny- seni sarees See 12 Laclede Place, Atlantic City, N. J.
Adige lhl, InACKeO Ges ia eee ote ogo ese ie he a odeen i Broadway, N= Wei:
Ree See et anase lle ee Aes po) arsic. ane taen ey chausia ier: c/o Allegheny Trust Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.
iReilloln WW. lelendoyiGOnleoaoceascecuaccous 1712 Farmers Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.
lRlcinig7? 1B, Tale WeGliinys fleeces aieeenn eeetenta cick ecu horas cod OOS oo.ie ae. o Urania, La.
Henny Weblartese.s. .-- 62 Rockview Street, Jamaica Plain Station, Boston, Mass.
Wis Os TRIB IIS Oona ec CECE 134 Carondelet Street, New Orleans, La.
Tinamnas; Se, REG Ne eh meeeronices Moana oreo tren 6 ato oolk dd 6oo% New Bedford Mass.
Louis, Rlewyaye, INEIDL 355 cc0ndeooogngcscnccdectcaneme Wain In Siete, Nene Wodk
Weadior J, TieHIeit. keen SRa eRe woe deeb cooeecoascooosll Well Simei, IN, WG (Ce
lentctavan Gra tio Cem eye cua seoisyohy. Shek cum ehsee oe Sina Opie OP Rie eo bres ALON VLaSse
iRielivare!- WL, TSlOSG es aus amas oleate werniececio ot 11 East 71st Street, New York City
One Ara Wiee HOPKINS: ys. sets 2s Qae © oa stepe smarts sea wise Granville, Putnam County, Il.
Hien PaeHOonn esagctery lan aatenearan wemsgcunes 318 Keith & Perry Bldg., Kansas City, Mo.
[RES OIMeM tre Se tars chs wists oars 318 Keith & Perry Bldg., Kansas City, Mo.
[Dyes TEL, IB IG Woes neteieee \ontee re Wee ee eee retention o Cieenchos arencica, cantnicko cic Whitefish, Montana
firme Arte nietrnmcr ne eet eet ta usse) cots ate. o cet Caleleve e atty ese ceo eine Miles City, Montana
Aves Gemini clekamerewee We seine ameter “sich a one a clomecheackechs Meadville, Pa.
release |e Kelty 0k ea eee Pe iP PacePe Sey erate) Cocke eater Meadville, Pa.
Mrs. Hrances# leabluidekopensacine sseiice sro ese err ieme ereorich olen: Meadville, Pa.
Wailliig: laine iyetes Cpa toes Sedo nrncma sce noo cco so calomas Wallis, Montana
MinseelvoweD) eNealembbumbenty ers -suicistes cone oct tarer atthe res West Claremount, N. H.
Berretin kag MUN Gres eesee Gk cveesccge Gee stsusas eh raven a eh os eoeeaane ens Grandview, Washington
Mrs. Arnold S. Hyde...............252 West Monument Street, Baltimore, Md.
Mims, \Wallirenan, Jenmesy Jieo pecapesoeods eo boosce 89 Irving Street, Cambridge, Mass.
Nias, Tnipanal’e IRL aera tig An merase oda belo oto cro c 340 Park Avenue, New York City
Roberta ee ietSermace| > -miciyae cae acistccesyacraeess 620 Security Building, St. Louis, Mo.
Nose plipenen Wellyeretacei seas orl 803 Federal Reserve Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.
ibmilnvse .S. IKGI ess cake eee atectae Someood cao cceat Paradise, Butte Co., Calif.
ee IMiaiay As IXINGiES ¢ 600606 op onou0 ops coon 41 East 4th Street, Chillicothe, Ohio

Ibe [Ro i ringacae se 5 Elka oat Geeeeann erence cots ciao Lansdowne, Delaware Co., Pa.
3 IDs Stites Se ooap eee sas ed os ooedee aon occa cic Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y.
Rima, IN, ING lalla Cie peo momo ddacecocsenoes o 5346 Maple Avenue, St. Louis, Mo.
Die, [elem IP, ISanemnizanneln, 5 op oaohedgos soc 1054 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal.
pious cry Weulimi.t. oler-y. Sc «itesist neds = oan 218 East 11th Ave., Homestead, Pa.
[Ela 1B IGEN anlOvsiibe ty one ee ahceen e ee en BMe eenec cces crreesekonao Gib,o ao oa Beverly, Mass.
\Wihiaaain “Tet GeV ht epee oot es Bape aay Re tie cn meer geen eons Cn. Ale 6 bio Came Rushville, Il.
Hraneisay. LeMoyne.......:0c..0s+++:-+.2s>-010l Wilkins Ave, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Kapee Porter lancolus.......o.....+.-.---D140 Pembroke Place, Pittsburgh, Pa.
IR. Wigan ILtgles ss oadeos ogacoomoroeddououEHoDooDoE. Paoli, Chester County, Pa.
Je Alden oning;s. 5... 351 Front Street, Oswego, N. Y., or N. Y. Zoological Park
W. C2 loan. Jeconcnac cobcmosacaoppoccoo de » Clencesies Street, Boston, Mass.
Meanlklawe ILGW EAT. osenonoovoscvacaGeconancsvacc 1824 Sunset Avenue, Utica, N. Y.
iMmimle (G, INlkveanilsysies oe seme meadosco cob 45 Batterymarch Street, Boston, Mass.
Migs S. Wie Wileviotits oo ees aseoooggsoscocoaec 2013 Maryland Ave., Baltimore, Md.
Mise He R= deReyster Martin=.:....5-.---4- 1: 863 Park Avenue, New York City
Ii; Willis: IMA 55 cons lbewodoomoogoncoamoe oes 658 City Hall, Philadelphia, Pa.
Thomag S) MATIN ious cacgcssdadcooeccosns0us 127 City Hall, Philadelphia, Pa.
G, Ths. MaiMeSsoccnc dog onsnobeco doo agcodas c/o The E, Day Co., Seymour, Conn.
iNiitedl Colliiits Mieimlle: ioe e oopenacoaoooccagcopecoubppeccapouoome Bryn Mawr, Pa.

M. Hall McAllister, Chairman, Live Animals Committee,
California Academy of Sciences, 485 California St., San Francisco, Cal.

Walliams Mic Glimes sae cycr Acer ccrcta shat a olsel se eouceers University Club, Chicago, III.
Menasarnlll Mellieaines Codncogononuedondcseagodocs 27 Cedar Street, New York City
MirstiRobentr eens recto nceseicrreie acre een anc tees 1718 Vine St., Hollywood, Cal.
Ae AN Fellomacetan eae een eee eae ce treba 401 N. Negley Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
De Aseiaationlocs boo oogoomnanc 1234 Commercial Nat’l Bank Bldg., Chicago, Ill.
Pack (G:cMa esas sere yc eee Boe che cecehsta ie he ees 408 16th Street, Denver, Colo.
Drs Rea e researc este cee out sec erersas oye ease shoei anes Ashmont Street, Boston, Mass.
MY Gesiaae| he CSS “Wiel oVellllGaw Gans ota omc ot ama ocre cos 196 Gardner Road, Brookline, Mass.
Mies, Wistar IMIGIRIS, sdanodeecuconesadbwecoboce Green Hill Farm, Overbrook, Pa.
Fictaf ee Mirae) Ge eee maori een Sy hace hh aeeaneWbanyetnge raeners 24 Nassau Street, N. Y. C.
Miss Catherime W. Miers. :s..205.-.--- 414 Delaware Avenue, Washington, D. C.
MISS, 16 INGalhypdloeenesepcabacebe cis or oc 4929 Greenwood Avenue, Chicago, Il.
Nettletonm Netter cicemcrrccccrm ate aciete c/o Penna. Lines, 108 Fir St., Akron, O.
Allib era eel Nien eye ree eee et et ee a edeiee eat 83 Hodge Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.
Mire, Clrawlles vA, INNGIMOIIS oogobccnccbtccccac 100 Meeting Street, Providence, R. I.
ite JRL INHER GIRLS 6 oeeple dele cie aeaekotoee & bic Walker and South Aves., N. S., Pitts., Pa.
Prescottq@ alsesrrres war cpa ooh PRO etn conte 607 Lowman Bldg., Seattle, Wash.
CM OL Gon ore ne aneaiore oie at sl Sameer ee ee teas eae 24 Kast 33rd St., N. Y. €.
Wie APO persed enc det ine Aten cone t elas omer yes 68 Pleasant St., Stoneham, Mass.
[sac Orne a ice cores coe tannins Casares 401 West 4th Street, St. Louis, Mo.
Russell) Wa Osborne. 924-5040. 5550ee2seeDDo Sacramental si. San) Hrancisco, Cale
Walliams @himehia Osbourne reir cern Tier 170 Broadway, New York City
[Dyes MLE Lol Canc ee olin ane reercreremierce tists mes Naina OU bias aoe ono aldol o 5 oc Davenport, lowa
RoswellitBantshtsvercscc.cslacenvccmn ecient: 1253 Beacon Street, Brookline, Mass.
Georse tS: Parkers i acters nels avert eS ioe aap 87 Milk Street, Boston, Mass.
Hise SP iParkers:': ab stic oevemhe tore cee kee rata to Sere Ine ee ene ceren SIM Cohassett, Mass.
WailliameaSelbatten a cacecet erat eae oe 6 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.
IND ASO RL aL res ee AS EH a Rar eee hea cet taRtS Goth oma oo'o.c.0b Lake Wilson, Minn.
Ceonser Breiventcmenyoreycuta dew ecto Cire 900 Bloomfield Street, Hoboken, N. J.
@arlbRickhandis: cis edu cooks toe rons 1042 Madison Ave., New York City
Dudleyal. Piekmanat. 5.00455. e ee Oo Salen Stneeta boston., Wass.
ames GOs 5 shee crs ee sshe uchenseroacteustereserele 806 Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.
Mims, Jemmes IR, IROORs o6506n0060000000000006 806 Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.
(GS IDs: 1a Ne eporteertitaa cs oeiow.e sor anetns EO o-ae id moe 212 Iroquois Avenue, Detroit, Mich.
INe IE" TR avd \oreeaes SUPA ane bncro cine Oous area cect 6 Fourth Street, Niagara Falls, N. Y.
AlllemspRotters<. cs: 45 ase ree soe 19 Braemon Road, Aberdeen, Boston, Mass.
Josgola Ish IPN ooopeocgacce sbsoUnGeOooOOObOeODOOOGOODCE Chapel Hill, N. C.
lo Sairaarnh 1 Bites Mito concn bunomnde eoasmbedoo.pme a6 Chestnut Hill, Phila., Pa.
alereimiainsmreeerere eta “The Mansfield,” 1730 M St., N.W., Washington, D. C.
Mire Riatribctints ceayave tiie abel tec aks oa otae ses: gravee ow ous tebayeneneeeNOeNs Asheville, N. C.
Se] hg) PACA = 92) eae PRR eC mee uae RR EA Ey n ooemccotest etc -o a.c ona ence Asheville, N. C.
AY/CaiatoVeie dal (oa rote eae ene Poon cen Rania Or ene Orca 10% Ooo OG ot Asheville, N. C.
Gharlesmilerennicems cmt oa noses ricer tre 42 Shattuck Street, Worcester, Mass,
Je. IRMCMENCISS on diponcocmman oan da 4000 423 Temple Court Bldg., Denver, Col.
Mims, Chennag ID), IRM. ocascccoacooncnos 414 North 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
RowhatanwRobinsoneeeen ae eerste 120 West 70th St., New York City
DirdleyaPAsRogenscnis cites sick areeriosn ve erenenaoeeaeters 50 State Street, Boston, Mass.
Miss Elizabeth Ropes.......................3 Cambridge Street, Salem, Mass.
AMA eM Baronminusse lies se cu-reouen usta eaten ate apo peae 21 Milk Street, Boston, Mass,
Mirss Many eA Russellljeecie eer so cierto 208 Battles Street, Brockton, Mass.
Richard M. Saltonstall.................Shawmut Bank Building, Boston, Mass.
Ol Py Saitama ctrve tics ee eae ee whe lav bees ee cies Galesburg, North Dakota
Wee Soli @hin airs seis erie Gite oscar sic ssec ne da Chee me acuctenetatet celcueieuate Homestead, Pa.
Frank A. Schulte...... 143 Camborne Ave., E., Ferndale Branch, Detroit, Mich.
Hlentiyaalvn SCullly waeiscctenre bea trices tarer tom uicce Jackson Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Misaikiichardgisearstaeenas scree nearer 10 State Street, Boston, Mass.
Mins eae SS ee liy coh eh tytn ee cay Seon eae RU TCR tonnes ete Asheville, N. C.,
GeOmShicldsi- cece. ores rote nae 1110 Simpson Street, New York City
George: He cSimondsiys..-1laretas cciserionuvs career werkeio ert: North Andover, Mass.

Mrs. Roswell Skeel, Jr........ c/o Bankers Trust Co., 47th St. and 5th Ave., N. Y.

Mie Jolin If, Suilveroogeeaneoccs oosoucnaae 123 Claremont Ave., Arlington, Mass.
| [SENG S)DINTTE VA ROO pea eee OG pee oe Sn een Wellesley Hills, Mass.
BU NURS EREE Mae epee ya is ses ihe cod edi Sie eR eae a ee ie Wall Lake, Iowa
Gharles@iisistearns).. 0 ...0<. oh lle cee 265 Howard Street, Brookline, Mass.
PIS LGAN Geers rch Porc. NK, dh d ec ag ee ee A Dedham, Mass.
\OUURIN IIs” ISIS) C10) (ne ee ea 220 E. 138th Street, New York City
SPER We SUNCCLEARULETE a2 2c: sash. dele eo ke pk Asheville, N. C.
Min GlarkeBerstockings 22-4540 100 n eee 437 West 67th Street, Los Angeles, Cal.
irs Su aimess Sullivans t.ssee) ne cee ern: 120 Riverside Drive, N. Y. C.
VRSiCH SUT cae ci ee rer lee eee ar ad 66 Broadway, N. Y. C.
WraRer OVS: oni... somsncmatenenunostee ce 230 Parke Avenues Nw Ven
Clogs Ins AiGatSl eae ake an comeeenn es. tall Oil Fe ee abe Oshkosh, Wis.
SGI ITE Ty 1 oN ie ae ea ae et Oe ae 2815 Gray's Ferry Road, Phila.
Des@ouncyaWwe Whom n.s. 2.2 «aa ee 405 Md. T. Bldg., Baltimore, Md.
Mecam wis UOmaSe:. spc: td sche Sicadee ook es Hoe 8 Union Avenue, Clifton, N. J.
SES DOMME ote! S282 2 anit ous die Rae wee 17 Battery Place, New York City
C con mem mon kaimeye ty ord ae.ces,) toencr etry eae nr: Biological Survey, Baker, Oregon
Diels Mownsends 5s 0c ajc aenrnee 747 Slater Bldg., Worcester, Mass.
@GhanlespreeMownsend).m- 4.4: .4ss54850508 one The Aquarium, Battery Park, N. Y.
By eM OWMSEMO ses isa es, es oh oes ee Townsend Place. Oyster Bay, N. Y.
Mircea olinin ii) Seliraske se ah eae eee 406 Geary Street, San Francisco, Cal.
\Willlineieay Telemung abeouieirseencacnaos@eeeuosns+e 36 No. Front St.. Philadelphia, Pa.
WalliamiBe Drowbridcel. 2 20%... .ce0sss ne poset eee Sabanaes akeu Nee
Nels AraliivesOmmis 4 5a. ae aoa ce c/o Weston Grain & Stock Co., Weston, Neb.
(C) eres A AOI oh ts ct ce nee ete te Ne Rr 63 Mt. Vernon St., Lowell, Mass.

Dr. Willard G. Van Name, c/o American Museum of Natural History,
(7th St. and Ceatral Park West, New York City

De ViMe tia ail SANILVOOL: 3. U9 32,00 Na eniteeaais Chit ae teens Sem eats teltiemel roy, IN, YC
die es BINS CA ee ane eae ie orm eM Ne) Se hee At. Nappanee, Indiana
He NEVE eget ge Ge a is chained ek Aen ee ete en Asheville, N. C.
BeOS, WEOSLENS ¢ h.ii.i.0 bs eecismeontene da te aoe ee 147 Milk Street, Boston, Mass.
Ian: Tilo. AWUG ICSI eee tan ee pO Ora NLR carey ghee Coa Dato ea Wellington, Ohio
MORE WMGEEY,) WEEKSi: «os s.5.000s vee eda oes cee ose 8 Congress Street, Boston, Mass.
(Col Wiaebiniwiheelens <:- or. Seneca cee ee 1428 Norton Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.
OSCAR Cah ee ere mer eRe ty ich oa ene: Galesburg, N. D.
AR ATTINC SRN GMUE Sey MIRE ee Sonos5) ¢ Sie, dickctcpcieloscoee atmos netyreuata: aoa apts ea Glen Cove, N. Y.
[1B WUTC, 6 Ree ont at ee na Re aD, a ach DRA Re Glen Cove, N. Y.
EA MWA SOM Se cede bcidcuis se cewedon wae 321 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
JcsephmWinterbottomen se eees ose ae eels 8 So. Dearborn Street, Chicago, IIL.
CLIT (CEN CRE a a “The Portland,” Washington, D. C.
OUI eraMWOlC Ofte ee trcr as. Said oo cuser cen cece ee oe ee Readville, Mass.
[B,C .. \WSnGle i «SAS oe er ee rere SPE «eed ee 8 Newark, Ohio
HU emma Ate Stor hoya. Sule oS Axei sm whe G ee cus Ay Meee Junction City, Ky.
Wonatvell Ee WOnkS'. 2c. fits csc. ee: 1818 Newton St.. N. W., Washington, D. C.

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