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FiR^T Annual Repoi^t,
1873
'Felix, qui reram potuit cognoscere causas." — Virgil.
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HERTFORD :
PRINTED BY SIMSON AND GBOOMBRIDGE, MARKET PLACE.
1873.
INTRODUCTION.
DuBiNO the past three or four years suggestions had often been made
that a Natural Science Society should be formed at Haileybury ; it was
not, however, till the end of 1872 that these suggestions led to any
practical result. In the Haileyhurian of October 22nd, 1872, appeared
an anonymous letter strongly urging that such a Society should be es-
tabUshed, and to the writer of that letter the thanks of all are due.
Shortly after, a preliminary meeting was held, and a Haileybury Natural
Science Society was formed, which has since held regular meetings.
A study of the minutes of the Society will show that papers on various
subjects have been read, and that various objects have been exhibited.
It may be well here to impress upon members of the Society the ad-
vantage of short papers upon simple subjects : perhaps there has been a
tendency to try to cover too much ground in a paper, thus rendering it
difficult for anyone to carry away much of what he has heard.
The arrangements- just made for holding extra meetings for the
exhibition of specimens will, it is hoped, be successful. Members cannot
be too strongly urged to exhibit even the simplest specimens : more may
often be learnt by seeing a thing for two or three minutes than by reading
about it for an hoiu".
The different lists published will give some slight idea of what may be
found in our neighbourhood. None of them can, of course, be expected
to be perfect ; but we may hope, in the course of a few years, to make
them nearly so. With a view of securing greater organization, it will be
proposed, next term, to form sections of the Society for different branches
of Natural History : Entomological and Botanical sections, with an ex-
perienced member at the head of each, would soon prove valuable.
The Council have Uberally granted money for the erection of fresh
eases in the Museum : part of these will be given to our Society, so that
we may soon hope to arrange what has been already collected for the local
Museum. F. Podmore has presented to the Society a collection of
Flowers, and S. 0. Ridley one of Coleoptera : both these collections have
won the Comthwaite Prize. And here we may gratefully record our
sense of the encouragement given to the pursuit of Natural History by
this prize, and also by that given by the Master for collections made
during the summer holidays.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
5prcstbttrf.
R. W. BovnfER, Esq.
Committee.
F. PoDMORE, Sec.
S. R. James.
B. K. BOUEDILLON.
W. E. Smith.
Ponoraru IJJtmbcrs.
Rev. E. H. Bbadby. H. B.
Rev. T. Cornthwaite. J. G.
Rev. a. de Morgan Hexslev. A. J.
Rev. H. Walford. W. H
Rev. H. Couohman. S. 0.
CoRMELL Price, Esq. H. A.
H. G. Hart, Esq. C. E.
James Rhoades, Esq. A. D.
E. P. Ash, Esq. G. M.
Rev. T. Pitts. G. H.
Rev. F. B. Butlek. G. J.
Rev. F. J. Hall. A. W.
R. W. BowTER, Esq. C. H.
A. Messervy, Esq. H. N.
C. D. Argles, Esq. H. W,
G. H. Pope, Esq. F. J.
A. V. Jones, Esq. A. H.
A. D. Carlisle, Esq. J. A.
L. S. MlLFORD.
F. H. COLSON.
R. T. Blomfield.
J. R. TWISDEN.
C. W. Ridley.
J. Charrington.
A. Anson.
J. R. RODD.
G. C. P. Williams-Freeman.
R. T. Allen.
M. Richardson.
C. E. Pollock.
F. W. Champneys.
C. C. Atkinson.
H. M. Stephens.
T. S. Lea.
Ultmbtrs.
Cotterill, Esq.
Fawcus, Esq.
C. DowDiNG, Esq.
. Poole.
Ridley.
Lucas.
Baker.
0. Weddeubuun.
Merivale.
Blunt.
HowsoN.
HUTTOK.
Wingfield.
Ridley.
Pearse.
Banister.
Lewin.
H. Pollock.
A. K. HoETs.
W. DE G. Reeves.
H. Tyrer.
J. E. Innes.
E. A. Armstrong.
A. C. Batten.
J. F. HowsoN.
R. Blunt.
H. C. Randolph.
C. P. R. Butler.
C. Bailey.
C. S. B. Riddell.
A. W. Payne-Gallwey.
H. A. Macpherson.
L. Barlow.
5
RULES.
I.— That the Society be entitled " The Natural Science Society."
II.— That the maximum number of Members be thirty-five.
III. — That a Committee be appointed, to consist of five Members, of
whom one shall be the President, and another the Secretary : that the
President be elected annually ; the rest of the Committee terminally.
IV. — That the names of Candidates for admission into the Society be
inserted in a note, to be sent round to all the Members seven days pre-
viously, and at the next succeeding Meeting be voted for by ballot.
V. — That Meetings be held fortnightly.
VI. — (1). That there be held terminally two Meetings at least in
addition to the fortnightly Meetings. (2). That it be in the hands of the
Committee to settle the dates of the Meetings, and in their power to hold
more, when necessary. (3). That these Meetings be given up entirely to
the exhibition of specimens, and the discussion thereon. (4). That no
specimens be exhibited except at these Meetings. (5). That these
Meetings, to distinguish them from the regular Meetings, be termed
" Specimen Meetings."
VII. — That every Member he required to attend at least four Meetings
a term.
VIII. — That Members should apply to the President, or Secretary,
before reading a paper or exliibiting specimens.
IX. — That every JNIember be requii'ed, on receiving notice from the
Secretaiy, to read a paper at the next Meeting but one.
X. — That after reading a paper, Members be required to leave it in
the room, for inspection, till the next Meeting ; and at the next Meeting
be prepared to answer, to the best of their ability, any questions that may
be put to them on the subject.
XI. — That it be an object of the Society to make a perfect collection,
to illustrate the Natiu-al History of the district.
XII. — That there be a terminal subscription of two shillings from all
Members of the Society.
XIII. — That every Member may admit one visitor to any Meeting.
To prevent crowding, the sanction of the Secretary must be obtained
beforehand.
XIV. — That Masters and Members who have left the School be
Honorary Members.
XV. — That at each Meeting the minutes of the preceding Meeting be
read by the Secretary.
November, 1873.
6
MINUTES.
The First Meeting of the Society was held on Wednesday, November 6th,
when the number of those who attended was fourteen. A Committee was
appointed to draw up rules, consisting of R. W. Bowyer, Esq., Rev. A.
Hensley, p. Podmore, G. J. Howson, and W. E, Smith.
The Society held its Second Meeting on November 20th, Mr. Bradbt
in the chair. The proceedings were opened by the proposed rules of the
Society being read. These, after a few trifling alterations, were accepted.
R. W. BowYER, Esq., was then elected President, and F. Podmore,
Secretary ; the Committee was filled up by the election of W. E. Smith,
G. J. HowsoN, and C. H. Wingpield.
Mr. Bradby announced that the President, who was imavoidably
absent, would deliver his iaaugural address at the next meeting, on
Monday, December the 16th.
The attendance at this meeting was far greater than had at all been
expected.
The Third Meeting was held on the evening of Monday, December 16th.
The President in the chair. Proceedings were opened by certain addi-
tions being made to the rules.
The President gave a short, but interesting sketch of the various
branches of Science likely to be pursued by the Society.
Mr. Bradby then rose to propose a vote of thanks to the President
for his address ; at the same time, giving a brief description of the pros-
pects and aims of the Society. The vote of thanks was carried by
acclamation.
The President exhibited a case of Lepidoptera, caught during the
preceding term.
There were four honorary members present at this meeting.
The Fourth Meeting was held on Wednesday, February 5th, The
President in the chair,
G. H. Blunt, C. C. Atkinson, A. C. Batten, M. Richardson, A. K.
Hoets, and J. A. H. Pollock were elected members ; and W. H, Poole,
S. 0. Ridley, H. A. Lucas, honoraij members.
J. R. Twisden, who was to have read a paper at this meeting, was
unfortunately prevented by iUness.
The President made a few remarks on the method of comparing the
brightness of different Ughts, and exhibited a few shells aud butterflies.
There were nineteen members and one visitor present at tliis meeting.
The Fifth Meeting was held on Febraary 17th.
S. R. James was elected a member.
J. R. Twisden read a paper on the Structure and Classification of
Phoenogamous Plants.
After the reading of the paper, there was a short discussion on the subject.
Some specimens of the butterfly " Apollo " ( Parnassius Apollo) were
exhibited by the President ; and a Helix Pomatia, by F. Podmore,
There were seven honorary members, twenty members, and four
visitors, present at this meeting.
The Sixth Meetmg was held on Monday. March 3rd.
F. W. Champneys, R. Blunt, and J. F. Howson were elected members ;
and C. E. Baker an honorary member.
A paper was read by F. Podmokb on " The Geology of the District,"
illustrated by a collection of local fossils.
A specimen of the sponge " Venus' Flowerbasket " (Euplectella
speciosa) was exhibited by Mr. Bbadby, and some Lepidoptera by the
Pkesident.
The present was- announced of a collection of Ferns, by C. E.
Baker.
There were eight honorary members, thirty members, and three
visitors, present at this meeting.
The Seventh Meeting was held on Monday, March 17th.
L. S. Milford, E. W. Howson, G. M. Merivale, and E. M. Hill were
elected members.
A paper was read by C. H. Wingpield on " Electricity," illustrated
by numerous experiments. Some sparks were administered by means of
the Leyden jar, in which the majority of the Society joined.
Some elm flowers were exhibited by the President, and a few local
fossils by F. Podmore.
There were ten honorary members, twenty-nine members, and six
visitors present at this meeting.
The Eighth Meeting was held on Monday, March 31st.
The Rev. T. Cornthwaite was elected an honorary member.
The President exhibited the flower of the common Alder, and a
woodlouse which was caught during the progress of the meeting.
A tooth of the Mammoth (Elephas primigenius) was e:3iibited by
G. J. HowsoN.
The Rev. T. Pitts gave a lecture on Oxygen, illustrated by numerous
pleasant experiments, and some exceedingly unpleasant smells.
At the conclusion of the meeting, a vote of thanks was imanimously
passed to the lecturer.
There were nine honorary members, thirty members, and seven visitors
present at this meeting.
The Ninth Meeting was held on Monday, May 19th.
F. Podmore was re-elected Secretary, and S. R. James, W. E. Smith
and G. J. Howson were elected to form the Committee. J. R. Rodd and
C. Bailey were elected members.
The President exhibited specimens of Orchis mascula and morio, with
other flowers, and the larva and imago of Dytisciis marginalis. Mr.
Pope exhibited a collection of birds' eggs, and L. S. Milford some
minerals, and a piece of Australian gum.
F. Podmore read part of a paper on MoUusca, but was unable to
fuiish on account of the time.
Mr. Bradby exliibited and explained the principle of a rain gauge, and
wet and dry bulb, maximum, and minimum thermometers, wliich he and
Mr. Hensley intended to present to the Society.
There were nineteen members, six honorary members, and four visitors
present at this meeting.
The Tenth Meeting was held on Saturday, June 7th.
J. E. Innes and A. W. Payne-Gallwey were elected members.
F. PoDMORE finished his paper on Mollusca.
The President gave a lecture on the various kinds of Buttercups to
be found in the neighbourhood, illustrated by numerous specimens of
the commoner species.
There were six honorary members, and eleven members present at
tliis meeting.
The Eleventh Meeting was held on Saturday, June 21st, at 3.45 p.m.,
in Epping Forest, whither two honorary members, thirty-two members,
and four visitors, were conveyed in a couple of omnibuses.
After some necessary refreshment, the Society dispersed in various
directions into the Forest in search of specimens. Three adders, a
wood argus ( Laxiommata Egeria), a glow worm, the butterfly-orchis
(Hob enaria bifolia), yellow pimpernel, speedwell ( Veronica scutellata),
and other flowers, were obtained by various members.
The Society started from the Forest at 6.30, and reached the College,
vidi, Roydon, shortly before nine.
The Twelfth Meeting was held on Saturday, July 5th.
B. K. BourdiUon was elected a member.
G. J. HowsoN read a paper on Boulders.
The President exhibited some moths which had been caught in the
neighbourhood in the course of the terra, and a stag beetle.
Mr. Bradby presented to the Society two volumes of the " Student
and Science Gossip" for 1871 and 1872.
There were five honorary members, seventeen members, and one
visitor present at this meeting.
The Thii-teenth Meeting was held on Saturday, July 19th.
Mr. Pope exhibited a fine series of the death's head moth (Acherontia
Atropos) ; Anson, the larva of the puss and eyed hawk moths (D.
Vinula and .S'. oceUatus), and the Deptford pink (Dianihiis armeria).
The President exhibited an elephant hawk-moth (C. Elpe)ior), and
W. E. Smitu some specimens of the adder's tongue fern ( Ophioglossum
vulgatwn), and a rosegall.
Some statistics of the rainfall, heat, and cold during the seven weeks in
which observations had been taken, were read to the Society by W. E. Smith.
Mr. CARiiisLE gave a lecture on the Caramon Bracken (Pteris aqui-
lina), and exhibited some ferns from tlie Himalayas and elsewhere.
S. R. James read a paper on the Mason Wasp.
At the conclusion of the meeting a vote of thanks was unanimously
passed to Mr. Carlisle for his interesting lecture.
There were seven honorary members, twenty-three members, and six
visitors present at tliis meeting.
The Fourteenth Meeting was held on Saturday, September 27th.
F. Podmore was re-elected Secretai-y. S. R. James, B. K. Bourdillon,
and W. E. Smith were elected to form the Committee. R. T. Blomfield,
J. Charringtou, E. A. Armstrong, C. S. B. Riddell, and H. A. Macpherson
were elected members.
There were twenty -one members, and one visitor present at this meeting.
The Fifteenth Meeting was held on Monday, October 13th.
The President exhibited some hawk-moths. H. A. Macpherson
some green Hzards from Fontainebleau ; F. Podmore a fungus, and
the tail of a skate, and some pipe-fish (Syngnathus), which had been
presented to the Museum by G. C. P. WilUams-Freeman.
The President then gave a lecture on the principles and practice of
the Common Pump, illustrated by diagrams, a model, and coloured
water.
W. E. Smith read to the Society the result of the meteorolodcal
observations taken during the summer holidays and the first week of the
term.
This was the first meeting at which the Society was honoured by the
presence of lady visitors.
There were three visitors, eight honorary members, and tweaty-seven
members present at this meeting.
The Sixteenth Meeting was held on Monday, October 27th. The
President exhibited a male and female of the Japanese silk-worm moth
(Bombyx Pernyi).
C. C. Atkinson read a paper on Photography, illustrating it as far as
the nature of the hght would allow.
There were eight visitors, nine honorary members, and sixteen members
present at this meeting.
The Seventeenth Meeting was held on November 10th.
The President exhibited a dormouse. G. G. Atkinson rose to pro-
pose that meetings of the Society be held weekly, and that other Science
besides Natural Science come in the province of the Society. The motion
was seconded by B. K. Bourdiulou ; the consideration of these questions
was deferred tiU the next meeting.
W. E. Smith deUvered a lecture on Combustion, illustrated by experi-
ments shewing the burning of different substances in Oxygen.
There were five honorary members, twenty-nine members, and six
visitors present at this meeting.
The Eighteenth Meeting was held on Monday, November 24th. C. C.
Atkinson proposed, and B. K. Botjrdillon seconded the following
motions, wmch were carried by the Society : —
1. That there be held terminally two meetings at least in addition
to the fortnightly meetings.
2. That it be in the power of the Committee to settle the date of
these meetings, and to hold more when necessary.
3. That these meetings be given up entirely to the exhibition of
specimens, and the discussion tnereon.
4. That no specimens be exhibited except at these meetings.
5. That these meetings, to distinguish them from the regular
meetings, be termed " Specimen Meetings."
The following motions also were proposed by the Committee, and
carried by the Society : —
1. That for the present wording of Eule IX. be substituted, " That
there be a terminal subscription of two shillings from all mem-
bers of the Society."
2. That in Rule XI. the words " i e. : be not subject to Rules VI. and
VII.," be omitted.
k
10
3. That in Rule VII. the words " exhibit specimens or otherwise
suggest matter for discussion," be omitted.
4. That after reading a paper, members be required to leave it in
the room for inspection imtil the next meeting, and be pre-
pared at the next meeting to answer, to the best of their
abUity, any questions that may be put to them on the subject.
5. That members apply to the President or Secretary before
reading a paper, or exliibiting specimens.
It was also proposed and carried, that " Nature " be taken in next year
(1874), and that the " Entomologist" and " Zoologist" be discontinued.
W. E. Smith tlien concluded Ms paper on Combustion, illustrating the
subject, as before, with numerous experiments.
There were five honorary members, twenty-tluree members, and two
visitors present at this meeting.
The Nineteenth Meeting was held on Monday, December 8th.
Mr. Hexslev gave a lecture on Quartz-pebbles, which he illustrated
by specimens of many of the innumerable forms of silica, which were
handed round for inspection. After a vote of thanks had been unani-
mously accorded the lecturer, numerous questions were asked, and the
specimens on the table were examined more closely.
Owing to the approaching examination, the attendance at this meeting
was unusually small, and far less than the interesting nature of the subject
deserved.
There were seven honorary members, ten members, and three visitors
present.
Meeting Extraordinary.
On the evening of Saturda3r, March 1st, some adventurous and self-
sacrificing members of the Society met together for the purpose of dis-
cusshig the slaughtered bodies of divers esculent snails, prepared according
to a recipe given in No. 13, page 190, of The Haileyhurian.
On entering the apartment appointed for the sacrifice, a percepti-
ble shudder ran through the devoted band ; but this was doubtless owing
to the chin night air streaming in through the open casement. In the
absence of the President — for reasons we guess, but dare not name —
all the members took chairs. The collation was then served up, and the
unanimous verdict was that it savoured of a variety of condijnents, but
did not savour of snails. So entluralled was one of the members by the
delicious flavour of these seductive molluscs, that he earnestly entreated
some more specimens rmght be procured him, for private consumption.
Suffice it to say, that all were amply rewarded for their generous devotion
to the cause of science.
It is worthy of remark, that several of the company present on this
ever memorable occasion owned to having passed an unquiet night, which
they all agreed in attributing to the over-strong tea they imbibed. For
the benefit of the curious in such matters, it has been computed that
each member had a teaspoonful and a half of the Helicine concoction.
There were four honorary members, nine members, and two visitors
present at this meeting.
11
LOCAL FAUNA.
CARNIVORA.
Mustek vulgaris.
„ putorius.
„ erminea.
Meles taxus.*
Vulpes vulgaris.
INSECTIVORA.
Talpa Europaea.
Sorex araneus.
Erinaceiis Europaeus.
KAPACES.
Falco tinnunculus.t
„ palumbarius.t
„ Nisus.
„ milvus.+
Strix flammea.
OMNIVORES.
Corvus frugilegus.
„ monedula,
„ corone.
Pica caudata.
Garrulus glandarius.
Sturnus vulgaris.
INSECTIVORA.
Lanius meridionalis.
„ rufus.
„ colluiio.
Muscicapa grisola.
Turdus viscivorus.
„ pUaris.
„ musicus.
„ iliacus.
„ merula.
Silvia phaenicurus.
„ luscinia.
„ rubecula.
„ hortensis.
„ cinerea.
„ curruca.
„ atricapilla.
„ trochilus.
MAMMALIA.
RODENTIA.
AVES.
Lepus timidus.
„ cuuiculus.
Myoxus avillanarias.
Mus musculus.
„ decumanus.
„ silvaticus.
Ajvicola amphibia.
Sciurus vulgaris.
Silvia rufa.
„ modularis.
„ arundinacea.
„ sibilatrix.
„ phragmitis.
Regulus cristatus.
Troglodytes Europaeus.
Saxicola senanthe.
„ rubetra.
„ rubicola.
MotacUla Yarrelii.
„ boarula.
„ Rayi.
Authus pratensis.
„ arboreus.
GRANIVORA.
Alauda arvensis.
„ arborea.
Parus major.
„ coeruleus.
„ ater.
„ palustris.
„ caudatus.
Emberiza melanocephala.
„ miliaria.
„ cirlus.
„ citrinella.
Pyrrhula vulgaris.
Fringilla coccothrauste.*.
„ spinas.
„ cardueUs.
,, chloris.
* One specimen taken alive at Amwell, in 1868.
t Onoo seen, in Hatfield Park. t Seen over Gallows Hill, in 1872. (C.B.)
12
AYES— Continued.
Fringilla coelebs.
f, montifringilla.*
„ cannabina.
„ linaria.
„ canescens.
Passer domesticus.
„ montanus.
ZYGODACTYLI.
Cuculus canorus.
Picus viridis.
„ minor.
Yunx torquilla.
ANISODACTYLI. •
Sitta Europaea.
Certhia familiaris.
ALCYONES.
Alcedo ispida.
CHELIDONES.
Hirundo rustica^
„ urbica.
„ - riparia.
Cypselus apus.
Caprimulgus Europaeus.
COLUMB^.
Columba palumbus.
„ jenas.
„ turtur.
GALLING.
Phasianus Colchicus^
Perdix rubra.
„ cinerea.
GRALLATORES.
Cliaradrius pluvialis.
Vanellus cristatus.
Ardea cinerea.
Botaunis stellaris.t
Niimenius arcuata.
Scolopax gallinago.t
„ rusticola.
Rallus crex.
Gallinula cliloropus.
PINfTATIPEDES.
Podiceps minor.
PALMIPEDES.
Stena hirundo.
Larus canus.
REPTILIA.
Zootoca vivipara.
Anguis fragilis.
Rana temporaria.
Bufo vulgaris.
Coluber natrix.
Pelias berus.
BATRACHIA.
Triton palustris.
„ aquaticus.
COLEOPTERA.
PENTAMERA.
Demetrias atricapillus.
Dromius quadrimaculatus.
„ quadrinotatusi,
Bracliinus crepitans. Nr. Hod-
Clivina fossor. [desdon.
„ collaris.
Notiophilus biguttatus.
Leistus spinibarbis.
,, fulvibarbis.
„ ferrugineus.
* Never known to lay.
f Once seen, in Hatfield Park.
Leistus mfescens.
Nebria brevicoUis.
Carabus monilis.
„ violaceus.
„ nemoralis.f
Loricera pilicornis.
Badister bipustulalus.
Chlaenius vestitus. Bank of
Calathuscisteloides. [water jump
„ melanocephalus.
Anchomenus pallipes.
t Seen over Gallows Hill, In 1872.
$ One specimen only.
13
GOL'EO'PTERA— Continued.
Agonum marginatum.
„ sexpunctatum.
Poecilus cupreus.
Abax striola.
Platysoma oblongopunctatus.
Adeloxia picimanus. Hoddesdon
Steropus madidus. [Fields.
Omaseus melanarius.
Amara communis.
Harpalus ruficornis. [Fields
Peryphus littoralis. Hoddesdon
Dytiscus marginalis. Ponds on Hert-
ford Heath, and Bath
Acilius sulcatus. „
Agabus chalconotus. „
Gyrinus natator. Passim.
Myrmedonia canaliculata.
Homalota currax.
Tachyporus chrysomelinus.
„ hypnorum.
„ brunneus.
Bolitobius atricapillus.
Quedius tristis.
Staphylinuserythropterus.* Avenue
Ocypus olens.
Phllonthus splendens.
Xantholinus fulgidus.
Stenus Juno.
„ buphthalmus.
Necrophorus vestigator.. Dead rats,
Hertford Heath.
„ vespillo. Dead rabbits,
Hertford Heath.
Silpha thoracica.t Hertford Heath.
}, obscura.
Hister cadaverinus.
Dermestes muriuus.
Byrrhus pilula.
Sphaeridium scarabaeoides.
Cetonia aurata. Hoddesdon.
Melolontha vulgaris. Passim.
Rhizotrogus solstitialis.
Geotrupes stercorarius.
Onthophagus nuchicomis.
Aphodius subterraneus.
„ fossor.
„ fimetarius.
„ prodromus.
* One specimen only.
Athous haemorrhoidalis.
Elater sanguineus.
Agriotes lineatus.
„ sputator.
Lampyris noctiluca. Hertford Heath
Telephorus lividus.
„ fuscus.
Malachius bipustulatus.
Byturas tomentosus.
Niptus bololeucus. Jam pots in cup-
Cis boleti. [boards.
HETEROMERA.
Blaps mucronata. College.
Tenebrio molitor. Bread.
Lagria hirta.
Pyrochroa coccinea.
Riiipiphorus paradoxus.
Meloe violaceus.
TETRAMEEA.
Bruchus pisi.
Sitones lineatus. Passim.
Alophus trigultatus.
Hylobius abietis.*
Phyllobius uniformis. Passim.
Otiorhyncus tenebricosus.
Balaninus nucum.
Scolytus destructor.
Prionus coriarius.* Green Lane.
CaUidium violaceum. Master's Gar-
Clytus arietis. [den.
Saperda populnea. Hertford Hth,
Toxotus meridionalis.
Strangalia armata.*
Leptura livida.
Cryptocephalus sericeus. WoodField
Timarcha tenebricosa.
Chrysomela polygoni.
„ polita.
Phyllotreta nemorum.
Cassida viridis. Hoddesdon Fids,
„ vibex.
TRIMERA.
Coccinella bipunctata.
„ septempimctata.
„ variabilis.
„ 22 punctata.
„ dispar.
t Two specimens only.
u
THE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF HAILEYBURY.
This list is the result of four seasons collecting on the part of the compiler,
assisted by past and present Entomologists of Haileybury. It cannot of
course be considered nearly perfect; notably in the genera Sesia and
Eupithecia ; still the capture of many not common insects is here
recorded, some of wMch are perhaps not generally known to occur in
Hertfordshire. The opportvmities for sugaring are not great, and it is
certain that many fresh species of Noctuae mil from time to time be
obtained here. The locahties which have been thoroughly searched are
limited in extent and are confined to those which are within an hour's
walk from Haileybury ; the familiar Hertford Heath and the Roman Road
have been the cluef hunting grounds. The greatest rarity taken during
the present season is S. Fagi, a fine specimen, which was found on the
trunk of a tree by Mr. A. C. Clark's son. In most cases where a species
is not generally distributed here, a note is added as to frequency £«id locaiity.
L. Sinapis. One on Hertford Heath
Brassicae,
„ Rapse.
„ Napi.
A. Cardamines.
G. Rhamni.
A. Euphrosyne.
V. Urticae.
„ Polychloros.
„ lo.
„ Atalanta.
„ Cardui.
S. Megsera.
„ Janirus.
„ Tithonus.
„ Hyperanthus.
C. Pamphilus.
T. Quercus.
P. Phl^as.
L. Alexis.
„ Agestis.
,, Argiolus.
S. Alveolus.
T. Tages.
H. Sylvanus.
„ Linea. „
NOCTURNL
S. Ocellatus. Not common.
[in 1871.
Roman Road and
[Green Lane.
Occasionally.
Roman Road.
[Orchis Fid.
Hertford Heath and
Orchis Field.
PopuU.
„ Tili«.
A. Atropos.
S. Ligustri.
C. Eipenor.
„ Porcellus.
Common.
One at light.
[Heath in 1873
One on Hertford
M. Stellatarum.
„ Fuciformis.
S. Cynipiformis.
Z. .^sculi.
C. Ligniperda.
H. Hectus.
„ Lupulinus.
„ Sylvinus.
„ flumuU.
Z. Lonicerae.
„ Filipendulse.
N. Senex.
C. Miniata.
L. Mesomella.
„ Complanula.
E. Jacobeae.
C. Caia.
„ Villica.
A. Fulidnosa.
„ Mendica.
„ Lubricipeda.
„ Menthastri.
„ Urticae.
ti. Chryssorhaea.
,, Auriflua.
„ Monacha.
0. Pudibimda.
„ Gonostigma.
„ Antiqua.
P. Populi.
E. Lanestris.
B. Neustria.
„ Quercus.
0. Potatoria.
Abundant ;Hert-
[ford Heath.
Not common.
Orchis Field.
One in 1873.
One in 1873 ;
[Roman Road.
One in 1869.
Not uncommon
[1872.
One at light in
Not common.
[1873.
One at Ught in
Common,
occasionally ;
[Hertford Hth.
not uncommon
at light.
Larva very com-
[mon.
15
LEFIDOPT'ERA— Continued.
Quercifolia.
Carpini.
GEOMETRY,
Sambucata.
Cratsegata.
Maculata.
Prunaria.
. Margaritata.
Dolabraria.
Syringaria.
niunaria.
Lunaria.
Illunaria.
Bidentata.
Elinguaria.
Erosaria.
Pennaria.
Pilosaria.
Prodromaria.
Betularia.
Abniptaria.
Lichenaria.
Repandata.
Rhomboidaria.
Extersaria.
Cytisaria.
Not uncommon
Rare.
[ford Heath.
Common on Hert-
Not imcommon at
[light.
At light; not com-
[mon.
Not common.
[common.
At light ; not
Papilionaria.
Vemaria.
Lactearia.
Bajularia.
Thymiaria.
Porata.
Punctaria.
Omicronaria.
Luteata.
Candidata.
Bisetata.
Trigeminata.
Osseata.
Straminata.
Remutata.
Imitaria.
Aversata.
Emarginata.
Amataria.
Pusaria.
Exanthemaria.
Temerata.
Wavaria.
Not common.
[Roman Road
Not common ;
Common on Hert-
ford Heath.
Not common ; at
Roman Rd. [hght
Hertford Hth ;
[not common.
Not common.
Hertford Hth.
Not common.
Common at light
[common.
Roman Rd. ; not
Roman Rd.and at
[light ; common
Roman Rd. : not
[common.
S. Clathrata.
P. Petraria.
F. Atomaria.
A. Strigillaria.
A. Grossulariata.
L. Adustata.
L. Marginata.
H. Rupicapraria.
„ Leucophaearia.
„ Aurantiaria.
„ DefoUaria.
A. ^scularia.
C. Brumata.
0. Dilutata.
L. Didymata.
„ Pectinataria.
E. AiBnitata.
„ Alchemillata.
„ Decolorata.
„ Vulgata.
„ Centaureata.
„ Subfulvata.
„ Rectangulata.
L. Hexapterata.
„ Viretata.
T. Simulata,
Y. Ruberata.
„ Elutata.
M. Ocellata.
„ Procellata.
„ Rivata.
„ Subtristata.
„ Montanata.
., Fluctuata.
A. Rubidata.
„ Badiata.
„ Derivata.
C. Propugnata.
„ Ferrugata.
„ Unidentata.
„ Bilineata.
P. Tersata.
„ Lignata.
„ Vitalbata.
S. Dubitata.
C. Miata.
„ Picata.
„ Corylata.
„ Russata.
„ Testata.
Hertford Hth.
Not common.
At light: not ur
[commoL
Hertford Heath
Hertford Heath
[and Roman Rd.
At light: not
[common.
Roman Road.
On palings: not
[common.
One ia 1872.
One at hght in
[1871.
[mon.
Roman Rd.:com-
[common.
On pailings : not
Not common.
Roman Road.
Not common.
Occasionally :
[at light.
Hertford Hth.
[and Green
[Lane.
Not common.
16
liETlDOVTERA—Contimied.
C. Pulvata.
„ Pyraliata.
,, Dotata.
E. Cervinaria.
„ Mensuraria.
., Palumbaria.
A. Plagiata.
G. Spartiata.
Hertford Hth.:
[abundant.
Not common.
At light : fre-
quent.
Orchis Field :
[abundant.
On palings :
common.
Hertford Hth. :
abundant.
CUSPIDATES.
Falcula.
Hamula.
Spinula.
Furcula.
Vinula.
Cassinea.
Bucephala.
Palpina.
Camelina.
Ziczac.
Cferuleocephala.
Trepida.
Dodonsea.
Fagi.
Derasa.
Batis.
Diluta.
Bidens.
Perlae.
Psi.
Aceris.
Megacephala.
Conigera.
Lithargyria.
Comma.
Straminea.
Impura.
Fallens.
Nictitans.
Burea.
Lithoxylea.
Polyodon.
Hepatica.
Pinastri.
Not common.
Common.
At light : fre-
[quent.
At light : fre-
[quent.
Common.
Larva.
[1871.
One at light :
Occasionally.
One on Hert-
fordHtL:1873
Green Lane and
[Hertford Hth.
One at light :
[1872.
Not common.
One at light :
[1872.
Occasionally.
Not uncommon.
N. Saponariae.
H. Popularis.
C. Cytherea.
L. Testacea.
M. Anceps.
„ Brassicse.
., Persicarise.
A. Basilinea.
„ Ociilea.
M. Strigilis.
„ Fasciuncula.
„ Furuncula.
„ Arcuosa.
G. Trilinea.
C. Morpheus.
„ Alsines.
B. Tenebrosa.
A. Segetum.
„ Exclamationis.
„ Corticea.
„ Porphyrea.
,, Bavida,
T. lanthina.
„ Orbona.
„ Pronuba.
N. Augur.
„ Plecta.
„ C. Nigrum.
„ Triangulum.
„ Bhomboidea.
„ Brunnea.
„ Festiva.
„ Xanthographa
„ Baja.
T. Gothica.
„ Bubricosa.
„ Instabilis.
„ Stabilis.
„ GraciUs.
„ Munda.
„ Cruda.
A. Pistacina.
„ Limosa.
C. Vaccinii.
S. SatelUtia.
X. Citrago.
„ Cerago.
„ Ferruginea.
Not uncommon.
At light : not
[common.
Not common.
[1872.
One at light :
At light : com-
[mon.
At light : com-
[mon.
Common.
One in 1871.
Larva, common
[in Hailey Ho.
[Field.
One in 1870.
One at light :
At Sallows: not
[common.
Not common.
Larva, common
[on lime : Ter-.
[race Groimd.
17
LEPIDOPTERA— Continued.
C. Xerampelina.
C. Trapeziua.
D. Capsincola.
H. Serena.
M. Oxyacanthas.
A. Aprilina.
P. Meticulosa.
A. Nebulosa.
,, Advena.
H. Protea.
„ Dentina.
„ ChenopodiL
„ Oleracea.
„ Pisi.
„ Thalassina.
,, Genistje.
X. Lithorliiza.
C. Exoleta.
One in 1868.
[common.
At light : not
Palings: com-
[mon.
Very common.
[palings.
Terrace Ground
One in 1873.
[palings.
Terrace Ground
Common.
C. Verbasci.
„ Umbratica.
H. Arbuti.
B. Parthenias.
A. Urticae.
„ Triplasia.
P. Chrysitis.
„ Iota.
„ Gamma.
G. Libatrix.
A. Pyramidea.
„ Tragopogonis.
M. Typica.
„ Maura.
C. Nupta.
E. Mi.
„ Glyphica.
Larva, common
Palings.
Orchis Field :
common.
Not common.
At Ught : very
common.
Occasionally.
Not common.
[common.
Orchis Field :
MOLLUSCA.
(Named from Jeffrey's British Coiickology).
CONCHIFERA.
Sphccrium corneiun. River Lea.
„ rivicola. „
,, lacustre. Amwell.
Pis idium anmicum. „
„ nitidiun. „
Unio pictomm. River Lea.
Anodonta cygnea. „
„ anatina. ,,
GASTEROPODA— PECTINIBRAN-
CHIATA.
Neritina fluviatilis. Rye House.
Paludina vivipara. River Lea.
Bythinia tentaculata. „
„ Leachii. Amwell.
Valvata piscinalis. „
„ cristata. St. Margarets
GASTEROPODA— PULMONOBRAN-
CHIATA.
Planorbis nautileus. Near Hertford-
„ albus. St. Margarets.
„ glaber. „
„ spu-orbis. Amwell.
„ vortex. „
„ carinatus. „
„ complanatus. „
corneus. ,,
Planorbis contortus.
Physa hypnorum.*
„ fontinahs.
Limnaea peregra.
„ auricularia.
„ stagnalis.
„ palustris.
truncatula.
Ancylus fluviatilis.
„ lacustris.
Arion ater.
„ hortensis.
Limax marginatus.
„ flavus.
„ agi'estis.
„ maximus.
Succinea putris.
„ elegans.
Vitrina pellucida.
Zonites cellarius.
„ aUiarius.
„ nitidulus.
„ crystallinus.
„ fulvus.
HeUx aculeata.
„ pomatia.
„ aspersa.
Amwell.
St. Margarets.
Passim.
Amwell.
Passim.
PaviUon Field.
St Margarets.
Hoddesdon
Passim. [Fids.
Gallows Hill.
Passim.
St. Margarets.
Gallows Hfll.
Passim.
GaUows Hill.
Passim.
Hoddesdon
„ [Fids.
Gallows Hill.
Passim.
• One specimen only, dead.
18
MOLLUSC A— Continued.
Helix nemoralis. Passim.
„ „ var.
hortensis. ,,
„ arbustorum. St. Margarets.
,, var.
alpestris. Bks. of R. Lea.
Cantiana.
rufescens.
concinna (?).
hispida.
fusca (?).
caperata.
encetorum.
Passim.
Gallows Hill.
Passim.
Gallows HUl.
Passim.
Gallows Hill.
Helix rotundata.
,, pygmaea.
„ pulchella.
„ lapicida.
Bulimus obscurus.
Pupa umbUicata.
Vertigo pygmsea.
Clausilia Rolphii.
„ rugosa.
Cochlicopa lubrica.
Achatina acicula.
Gary chium minimum
Cyclostoma elegans.
Passim.
Hoddesdon
Passim. [Fids.
Gallows Hill.
Passim.
Rye House.
Gallows Hill.
Passica.
St. Margarets.
Passim.
Gallows Hill.
LOCAL FLORA.
FLOWERING PLANTS.
(Named from Sowerby and Johnson).
DICOTYLEDONS.
RANUNCULACE^.
Clematis Vitalba. Passim.
Anemone nemorosa. ,,
Myosurus minimus. St. Margarets.
Ranunculus aquatUis. Passim.
fluitans. St. Margarets.
„ var. Near Hertford.
hederaceus(0-Hertford Hth.
lingua. „
flammula.Passim.
ficaria. „
aiu-icomus. The Avenue.
sceleratus. Near Gallows
acris. Passim. [Hill.
repens. „
bulbosus. „
arvensis. „
Caltha palustris. „
PAPAVEBACE^.
Papaver Rhoeas. Passim.
Chehdonium majus. Gallows Hill.
FUMARIACEiE.
Fumaria officinalis. Amwell.
CKUCIFER^.
Coronopus Ruelli. Nr. Gallows HI.
Capsella bursa pas toris. Passim.
CochleariaArmoracia.*Near Gallows
Draba verna. ,, [HilL
Cardamine silvatica. Goldhinton
„ pratensis. Passim [Wd.
„ nirsuta. Roman Road.
Arabis hirsuta. Nr.GaUowsHl.
Turritis glabra. Gallows Hill.
Barbarea vulgaris. Passim.
Nasturtium officinale. „
Sisymbrium officinale. Passim.
Erysimum alUaria. „
Brassica napus. Amwell.
„ oleracea. Gallows Hill.
Sinapis arvensis. Passim.
RESEDACE^.
Reseda luteola. Gallows Hill.
„ lutea. „
CISTINEiE.
Helianthemum vulgare.Gallows Hill,
VIOLACEiE.
Viola hirta. Gallows Hill.
„ odorata. Hailey Lane.
„ canina. Passim.
„ tricolor. „
One specimen in cultivated land.
19
Hertford Hth.
Passim.
Hertford Hth.
HoddesdonRd.
FLOWERING
POLYOALACEJ2.
Polygala vulgaris. Passim.
CARYOPHYLLE^.
Dianthus amieria. Orchis Field
Silene iuflata. Passim.
Lychnis flos-cuculi. „
„ diurna. „
„ vespertina. „
Agrostemma githago. Amwell.
Sagina procumbens. Passim.
„ apetala.
Moenchia erecta.
Spergula arvensis.
Stellaria media.
„ holostea.
„ graminea
„ uliginosa.
Arenaria verna.
„ serpyUifolia. Passim.
„ rubra. „
„ trinervis. „
Cerastium vulgatum. „
„ viscosum. Hailey Lane.
„ semide-
candrum. Hertford.
LINE.E.
Linum catharticum. Pavilion Field.
MALVACE^.
Malva sitvestris. Passim.
„ rotundifolia. „
„ moschata. Gallows Hill.
TILIACEjE.
Tilia Europaea. Passim.
HYPERICINB^.
Hypericum perforatum. Passim.
„ humifusum. Hertford Hth.
„ montanum. „
acerin^.
Acer pseudo platanus. Passim .
„ campestris. „
geraniace^.
Geranium Pyrenaicum. Hertford.
„ lucidum. St. Margarets.
„ Robertianum. Passim.
„ moUe. Gallows Hill.
„ columbinum. Near Hertford.
„ rotundifoUum. Gallows Hill.
PLANTS— Coji^Mijfec^.
Geranium dissectum. Near Hertford.
Erodium cicutarium. Passim.
OXALIDACE.E.
Oxalis acetosella. Passim.
CELASTRACE^
Euonymus Europaeus.Passim.
RHAMNACE^.
Rhamnus frangiila. Amwell.
„ catharticus. Gallows Hill.
LEGUMINOS^.
TJlex Europseus. Passim.
Genista tinctoria. „
„ Anglica. Hertford Hth.
Cytisus Scoparius. „
Ononis Spinosa. „
„ procurrens. Passim.
Anthyll^ vulneraria. Gallows Hill.
Medicago lupulina. Passim.
Melilotus officinalis. „
Trifohum repens. „
pratense. „
arvense. Roman Road,
medium. „
striatum. Near Hertford,
fragiferum. Hailey Lane,
procumbens.
minus. Roman Road.
Lotus comiculatus. Passim.
„ major. Hertford Hth.
„ tenuis.
Ornithopus perpusillus. „
Onobrychis sativa. Gallows Hill.
Vicia silvatica. Roman Road.
„ cracca. Passim.
„ lathyroides.
„ sepium. Passim.
Ervum tetraspermum. „
„ hirsutum. „
Lathyrus pratensis. „
„ nissoUa. Wood Field.
Orobus tuberosus.
ROSACEA.
Pninus spinosa. Passim.
„ cerasus. Nr. Gallows HI.
Spirsea ulmaria. Passim.
Geum urbanum. „
Rubus fruticosus. „
20
FLOWERING FLA'NTS—CmUinued.
Fragaria vesca.
Comanim palustre. Hoddesdon
Potentilla aaserina. Passim. [Fids.
„ argentea. „
„ reptans. „
„ fragariastram. „
Tonnentilla officinalis. „
„ reptans. „
AgrimoniaEupatoria. „
Alchemilla vulgaris. „
„ arvensis. „
Poteriumsangiiisorba. Gallows Hill.
Rosa spinosissima. Passim.
tomentosa.
inodora. Passim.
rubiginosa.
canina. Passim.
arvensis.
Crataegus oxyacantha. Passim.
Pyrus malus.
„ aucuparia.* Hertford Htli.
ONAGRARIE^
Epilobium hirsutiun. Amwell.
„ angustifoLium.
„ montanum. Passim.
Circaea lutetiana. „
HALORAGACE^.
Myriophyllum spica-
tum. Passim.
CURCUBITACE^.
Bryonia dioica. Passim.
CEASSULACE^.
Sedum Telepliium.* Amwell.
„ acre.
SAXIFRAGES.
Saxifraga granulata.
„ tridactylites.
UMBELLIFERS.
Sanicula Europ?ea. Hertford Hth.
Heliosciadium inun-
datum. „
Bunium bulbocasta-
num. „
Silaus pratensis. „
Heracleum Sphon-
dylium. Passim.
Daucus carrota.
Scandix pecten- Ve-
neris. Nr. S. Margarets
Anthriscus silvestris.Passim.
Conium maculatum. Nr. Gallows HI.
ARALIACES.
Hedera helix. Passim.
CORNACEiE.
Comus sanguinea. Passim.
CAPRIFOLIACES.
Sambucus nigra. Passim.
Viburnum lantana. „
„ opulus. „
Lonicera periclyme-
num. „
RUBIACEiE.
Galium veram. Passim.
„ palustre. „
„ Witheringii. „
„ saxatile. „
„ mollugo.
„ aparine. „
Sherardia arvensis
Asperula odorata.
VALERIANEiE.
Valeriana dioica.
Fedia olitoria. Passim.
„ dentata. Hailey Lane.
DIPSACEjE.
Dipsacus silvestris. Passim.
Scabiosa succisa. Hertford Hth.
„ columbaria. Gallows Hill.
„ arvensis. Passim.
COMPOSITE.
Tragopogon pratensis. Hoddesdon
Helminthiaecliioides.Passim. [Fids.
Sonchus arvensis. „
„ olera<;eus. „
Leontodon taraxacum. „
Hieracium pilosella. „
Lapsana commimis. „
Cicliorium Intybus. „
Arctiimi Lappa. „
Carduus nutans. Gallows Hill.
Cnicus palustris. Passim.
One specimen only.
21
FLOWERING PLANTS— Continued.
Bidens tripartita. Hertford Hth.
Artemisia viilgaris. Passim.
Gnaphaluim mini-
mum. Hertford Hth.
J. Germanicum. ,,
Tussilago f arf ara. Passim .
Senecio vulgaris. „
„ silvaticus. „
,. Jacobsea. _ „
Pulicaria Dysenterica. , ,
Bellis peremiis. „
Chrysanthemum leu-
canthemum. „
Pyretlurum inodorum. „
Achillcea ptarmica. Hertford Hth.
„ millefoUum. Passim.
Centaurea nigra. „
„ cyanus. Gallows Hill.
„ scabiosa. Passim.
CAMPANULACE^.
Campanula rotimdi-
folia. Passim.
ERICACEAE.
Erica tetraUx.
Calluna vulgaris. Passim.
AQUIFOLIACE^.
Ilex a^uifoUum. Passim.
OLEACE^.
Ligustrum vulgare. Passim.
APOCYNACEJE.
Vinca minor.
GENTIANE^.
Erythrsea centaurium.
CONVOLVULACRS!.
Convolvulus arvensis. Passim.
„ sepium. „
BORAGINE^.
Echium vulgare. Gallows Hill.
Lithospermum officinale.
„ arvense.
Myosotis palustris.
„ coespitosa.
„ arvensis. Passim.
„ collina. „
„ versicolor. „
Lycopsis arvensis. Gallows Hill.
Symphytum officinale.Amwell.
BOLANE.*:.
Hyoscyamus niger. AmwelL
Solanum dulcamara. Passim.
OROBANCHEjE.
Orobanche major. Hertford Hth.
SCROPHULARmE^
Veronica serpyllifoUa.
;, scutellata.
„ beccabunga.
„ officinaUs.
„ montana.
„ chamsediys. Passim.
„ hederifoha. „
„ Buxbaumii. „
„ agrestis. „
Bartsia odontites. „
Euplirasia officinalis. „
Rlimanthus crista-
galli. „
Melampyinim pra-
tense. „
Pedicularis silvatica. „
Scrophularia nodosa.
,. aquatica.
DigitaUs purpurea. „
Antirrhinum oron-
tium. „
Linaria cymbalaria. Amwell.
„ spuria.
„ vulgaris. Passim.
., minor.
Verbascum Thapsus. Passim.
„ nigrum. „
LABIAT.ffl.
Lycopus Eiu-opseus. Passim.
Mentha Hirsuta. „
Thymus serpyllum. Hertford Hth.
Teucrium Scorodonia. Passim.
Ajuga reptans. „
Ballota mgra.
Galeopsis tetrahit.
Galeobdolon luteum. Passim.
Lamium album. „
„ purpureum. „
„ amplexicaule. „
Betonica officinaUs.
Stachys silvatica. Passim.
Nepeta cataria.
22
FLOWERING TLKSTS— Continued.
Glechoma hederacea. Passim.
Marrubium vulgare.
Clinopodiiun vulgare. Passim.
Primella vulgaris. „
Scutellaria galericu-
lata. Bks. of R.Lea.
VERBENACE^.
Verbena oflScinalis.
PRIMULACE^.
Primula vulgaris. Passim.
„ vens. „
Lysimachia vulgaris.
„ nemorima.
„ nummularia. Passim.
Anagallis arvensis. „
PLANTAGINE^.
Plantago major. Passim.
„ media. Gallows Hill.
„ lanceolata. Passim.
„ coronopus. „
POLTGOWE^.
Polygonum aviculare.
„ convolvulus. Passim.
„ persicaria. „
Rumex hydrolapa-
thum. Bks. of R. Lea.
„ crispus.
„ acetosa. Passim.
Rumex acetosella. „
ETJPHORBIACE^.
Mercurialis perennis. Passim.
Euphorbia peplus.
„ helioscopia.
„ exigua.
loides.
TJRTICAC3E.a!.
Urtica urens.
„ dioica. Passim.
CANNABINE^.
Humulus lupulus. Passim.
TJLMACE.S.
Ulmus campestris.
BETtrLACE.ffi.
Betula alba.
Alnus glutinosa.
SALICACB^
Salix alba.
„ fusca.
„ caprea.
Populus tremula. Hertford Hth.
CTTPULIFERJE.
Fagus silvatica. Passim.
Quercus pedunculata. „
Corylus avellana. „
Carpinus betulus. „
MONOCOTYLODONS.
DIOSCOREACEiE.
Tamus communis. Passim.
TRILLIACEiE.
Paris quadrif olia.
HYDROCHARIDACEJE.
Anacharis alsinas-
trum.
ORCHIDBiE.
Orchis pyramidalis.
„ morio. Passim.
„ mascula. »
„ maculata. „
Gymnadenia conop-
sea.
Habenaria bifolia.
„ chlorantha.
Listera ovata.
IRIDEJE.
Iris pseud-acorus.
LILIACE^
Hyacinthus non-
scriptus. Passim
JUNCACE^.
Juncus conglomeratus. Passim.
„ eflFusus. „
„ bufonius. „
„ glaucus. Hjaley Lane.
Luzula pilosa.
BUTOMACEiE.
Butomus umbellatus. Bks. of R. Lea.
ALISMACEiE.
Alisma plantago. Passim.
TYPHACE.«.
Sparganium ramosum.
23
FLOWERING FLAIHTS—Cmtinued.
ARACEJB.
Arum maculatum. Passim,
LKMNACE^
Lemmi trisulca.
Lemna minor. Passim.
NAIADES.
PotamogetoD natans. Passim.
lucens. River Lea.
FLOWERLESS PLANTS.
nucKs.
Polypodimn vulgare.
Lastrea Filix-mas. Passim.
Pteris aquilina. Passim.
Ophioglossum vulgare.
OPHIOGLOSSACBiE.
Equisetum arvense. Passim.
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.
On May 19th, 1873, Mr. Bradbt and Mr. Henslet presented to
the Society the following Meteorological Instruments, by Negretti and
Zambra : — Glaisher's eight-inch rain-gauge, a maximum, a minimum, and
a wet and dry bulb thermometer. W. E. Smith was appointed to record
observations with these instruments. This was first done with the rain-
gauge on May 22nd, the maximum and minimum thermometers on June
18th. The direction of the wind at 9 a.m., on June 22nd. The tempera-
ture of the air at 9 a.m., on October the 7th. Diu-ing the summer hohdavs
a record was kept of the rain by the Master, and in his absence bv the
Porter ; but a few days at the beginning and end of that period are
wanting.
Owing to the incompleteness of the statistics which have been collected
this year, it has been thought unnecessary to pubUsh them. It is to be
hoped that they may be kept quite completely for next year. If this
should be accomplished, they will have a scientific value, quite indepen-
dently of their local interest. Professor Maxwell tells us that "the
most important step in the progress of every science is the measurement
of quantities. Those, whose curiosity is satisfied with observing what
happens, have occasionally done service by directing the attention of
others to the phenomena they have seen ; but it is to those who en-
deavour to find out how much there is of anything, that we owe all the
great advances in our knowledge." Thus the only way by which a
satisfactory system of meteorology is likely to be constructed, is by the
collection of a great number of accurate measurements ; and it is to this
end that we shall be contributing our share.
Although complete statistics will not be given, it is thought that a
few remarks on the nature of the instruments and on the weather
may prove not uninteresting. In Negretti and Zambra's own words,
" Q?ne gauge is eight inches diameter, and arranged for the reception of the
water only which falls upon its receiving surface, and for the preven-
tion of loss by evaporation. The rain is first collected in a fimnel, the
24
receiving surface of which is accurately turned in a lathe, and termi-
nated at its lower extremity by a bent tube of small aperture, in
which the last few drops of rain remain." The funnel is fitted accurately
on to the cylindrical receivuig vessel, in such a manner that no water
can escape by evaporation. The object of retaining the last few drops
of rain in the tulse of the funnel, is that they prevent any vapour
from passing off from the water contained in the receiving vessel. The
glass measure is graduated to hundredths of inches. As it is very much
narrower than the receiving surface, half-an-inch of rain is represented
by about seven mches in the measiu'e. It has been calculated that one
inch of rain falling in the quadi-angle is equivalent to about 61 780 gallons.
" The maximum thermometer consists of a bulb and tube of merciu-y
fitted on a porcelain scale, with the divisions engraved on the glass tube.
The thermometer tube above the mercury is entirely free from air ; and
in a bend above the bulb, is inserted and fixed with the blow-pipe, a
small piece of solid glass, or enamel, which acts as a valve, allowing mercxu-y
to pass on one side of it when heat is applied ; but not allowing it to return
when the thermometer cools. When mercury has been once made to pass
the valve, which nothuig but heat can effect, and has risen in the tube,
the upper end of the column registers the maxinuim temperature. To
return the mercury to the bulb, we must apply a force equal to that
wliich raised it in the tube ; the force employed is gravity, and is apphed
by simply lowering the biilb end of the thermometer, when the gi"avity
of the mercury in the tube wiU be sufficient to unite it with that in the
bulb, and thus prepare the instrument for future observation."
" The minimum thermometer consists of a glass tube, the bulb and
part of the bore of which is filled with pure alcohol, in which floats freely
a black glass index. A sUght elevation of the thermometer, bulb upper-
most, AvSl cause the glass index to flow to the siu-face of the Uquid, where
it will remain imless violently shaken. If the temperatiu-e falls, the
alcohol contracts and takes the index with it ; if the temperature rises,
it leaves the index behind, wliich thus shows the lowest temperature at
which the thermometer has been .since it was last set." On December 3rd,
tliis instrument was found broken ; it is imknown how or by whom. A
new thermometer has been procured at the expense of the Society.
The wet and dry bulb thermometer, which could not be put up before
for want of a sheltered position, has just had a roof constructed for it. It
consists of two thermometers, one of which is an ordinary thermometer,
and the other has its bulb covered with musUn, wliich is kept wet by con-
nection with a vessel of water. The object of this instrument is to show
the amoimt of moisture contained in the air. The principle of its action
is that the diyer the air is, the faster the water on the muslin evaporates,
and in doing abstracts the more heat from the wet bulb. Thus the differ-
ence betwen the indications of the wet and the dry bulb thermometers
(of course, the wet bulb is lowe.st) indicates the dryness of the air. If the
air is saturated with moisture they coincide ; in very dry chmates there is
sometimes as much as 30° Fahrenheit difference between them.
The largest falls of rain which have been measured here are 1.50 in.
(August 24th), 1.39 m. (July r2th), 1.07 in. (September 30).
The highest and lowest temperatures have been respectively 83°
Fahrenheit (July 21st and 23rd), and 26° (December 10th).
25
BALANCE SHEET.
RECEIVED-
£ s. d.
Subscriptions from 25
Members, Dec. 1872 ... 2 10
Entrance Subscriptions
from 1 9Members,Easter
and Summer terms,lS73 1 18
Subscriptions from 34
Members, July, 1873... 3 8
Entrance Subscriptions
from 8 Members, Clirist-
mas term, 1873 16
Total 8 12
Paid 6 19 6
In hand December, 1873 ^£1 12 6
PAID.
e s. d.
One year's payment for
Science Gossi2), Easter,
1873 4 6
Ditto, Zoolorjist 12
Ditto, Entomologist 6
Cover ot Science Gossip... 3
To printing 100 copies of
the Rules 8
To expenses of the Field-
meeting, Aug., 1873 ... 4 4
To replacing Minimum
Thermometer, Dec. 5th 1 2
Total 6 19 6
SIMSON' AND OBOOMBRlOeE, PilI.\TEK8, UBRTt'OKD.
S, //3?
H AILEYBURY
|WraI Mtmn m^iti^. k
Second Anisjual Repoi\t,
1875.
"I^eljx, qui potuit jjej^um cognosceiie causae."— "J^ijigil.
HERTFORD:
PRINTED BY STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS.
1875.
i
INTRODUCTION,
The Natural Science Society has completed the second year of its existence,
and it is now possible to form some opinion as to the degree in which it has
fulfilled the hopes of its first promoters.
It was found in the course of the first year, that, while there was no
faUing off in the number of members, there was a lack of work. Members
were content to listen : but, with some notable exceptions, they did not
readUy either make the effort to gain new experience for themselves, or to
communicate to others the results of such as they already possessed. It
was thought that a less formal style of meeting might tend to remedy this,
and call out the energies of aU who had the will to do real work. A plan
was therefore adopted, similar in the main to that now in use at Marlborough,
and this is now in working order. Those who desired it (up to a certain
number) grouped themselves into separate sections, each with a special object
in view. Certain rules for the organization of these were made, and the
members pledged themselves to aid by their own personal observation and
work the study of the Natural History of the neighbourhood. The unity of
the Society was maintained by frequent general meetings. It is obvious that
the working energy of these Sections must vary from time to time, but a
certain amount of good cannot fail to result, if only the true spirit is
maintained. To keep up the real working spirit is the fundamental difficulty
of a Society like ours, and yet without it no permanent good can be done.
While therefore heartily thanking those members by whose efforts the local
collections have been arranged and increased, and who have done their best
to interest the Society in their favourite pursuits, we cannot refrain from
expressing our belief that the vitality of the Society can only be maintained
at a high pitch by the exertions of each member to be both a learner and a
teacher in some branch of Natural Science.
LIST or MEMBERS.
^tmhmt — A. D. Carlisle, Esq.
WlCt-°§Xm'iimt — Rev. a. De M. Hensley.
(S/omtaxttn*
C. W. Ridley, Sec.
F. H. COLSON.
j. r. twisden.
Rev. E. H. Bradby.
Rev. T. Coknthwaite.
Rev. H. "Walford.
Rev. H. Couchman.
H. G. Hart, Esq.
E. P. Ash, Esq.
Rev. T. Pitts.
Rev. F. B. Butler.
Rev. F. J. Hall.
R. W. BowYER, Esq.
A. Messervy, Esq.
C. D. Argles, Esq.
G. H. Pope, Esq.
A. V. JoxES, Esq.
H. B. Cotterill, Esq.
A. J. C. DowDiNG, Esq.
Rev. G. E. Jeans.
Rev. E. M. Reynolbs.
A. A. Bodkin, Esq.
A. C. Clark, Esq.
*W. H. Poole.
fS. 0. Ridley.
H. A. Lucas.
C. E. Baker.
A. D. 0. Wedderburn.
R. G. Cope.
F. S. Wilde.
A. Anson.
C. C. Atkinson.
J. E. Innes.
E. Von Lengerke.
G. C. Stapylton.
W. C. Walkir.
T. S. Lea.
H. A. D. Wathen.
G. M. Merivale.
G. H. Blunt.
G. J. HowsoN.
A. W. HUTTON.
C. H. WlNGFIELD.
H. N. Ridley.
H. W. Pearse.
F. J. Banister.
A. H. Lewin.
J. A. H. Pollock.
F. W. Champneys.
H. Tyrer.
A. C. Batten.
H. C. Randolph.
F. PoDMORE {formerly Sec.)
§W. E. Smith.
b. k. bourdillon.
L. S. Milford.
C. GURDON.
H. A. Phillips.
W. De G. Reeves.
C. P. R. Butler.
J. W. EWING.
G. C. P. "Wllliams-Frebman.
C. M. Sumner.
Xmhtxi,
L. Barlow.
H. A. Macpherson.
C. Bailey.
E. S. Dashwood.
C. S. B. Riddell.
G. H. Vincent.
H. Steward.
A. W. Payne- Gallwey.
» Natural Science Exhibitioner of Magdalen College, Oxford ; and 1st Clasa in
Natural Science.
+ Natural Science Scholar of Exeter College, Oxford.
{ Natural Science Exhibitioner of New College, Oxford.
RULES
I. — That the Society be entitled " The Natural Science Society."
II. — That the maximum number of Members be thirty.
III. — That a Committee be appointed, to consist of not more than 7,
of whom one shall be the President, and another the Secretary ; the Curators
being Members ex-ojficio, and the rest elected by the Society, the President
annually, and the others terminally.
IV. — That the names of candidates for admission into the Society be
published in the notice of the Society seven days previously, and at the next
meeting be voted for by ballot.
v.— That Meetings be held fortnightly.
VI. — That every Member be required to attend at least four Meetings a
Term.
VII. — That Members should apply to the President or Secretary before
reading a paper or exhibiting specimens.
VIII. — That every Member be required, on ^ecei^ing notice from the
Secretary, to read a paper at the next Meeting but one.
IX. — That after reading a paper. Members be required to leave it in the
room for inspection, till the next jSIeeting, and at the next Meeting be prepared
to answer, to the best of their ability, any question that may be put to them
on the subject.
X. — That it be an object of the Society to make a perfect collection, to
illustrate the Natural History of the district.
XI. — That there be a terminal subscription of two shillings from all
Members of the Society ; and that all subscriptions be paid in to the Secretary
within the first fortnight of the term : the defaulter to pay a fine of 6d. for
every additional week, and when his subscription is four weeks in arrear, to
cease to be a Member of the Society.
XII. — That every Member may admit one visitor to anj Meeting. To
prevent crowding, the sanction of the Secretary must be obtained beforehand.
XIII. — That Masters, and Members who have left the School, be Hono-
rary Members.
XIV.— That at each Meeting the minutes of the preceding Meeting be
read by the Secretary.
XV. — That Sections be formed in the Society.
XVI. — That each Section have a Curator, whose duty it shall be, to act
as its Secretary, to have charge of the collection of the Society belonging to
his own Section, and to examine and register all additions to that collection.
XVII. — That each Section appoint its own Curator, and arrange its own
Meetings.
MINUTES.
The Twentieth Meeting of the Society was held on Monday, February
2nd, 1874.
The Kev. A. De M. Hensley was elected President for the year by
acclamation.
A vote of thanks to Mr. BoAvyer, the late President, was passed
unanimously by the Society. F. Podmore was re-elected Secretary ; and
B. K. Bourdillon, L. S. MUford, and W. E. Smith on the Committee.
E. E. Pem-ose, C. M. Sumner, and AV. C. Walker were elected Members.
S. R. James's resignation, in consequence of stress of work, was announced
to the Society.
The paper of the evening was then read, by C. C. Atkinson, on Telegraphy.
It would, perhaps, be not out of place to offer a few remarks on the substance
of the paper. It commenced by giving a short sketch of the progress of
science in general, and proceeded to trace the history of Telegi-aphy from
Mr. Edgewortli's semaphore down to more modern and improved systems.
The lectui-er then, by means of a looking-glass, exhibited a telegi-aph of his
own construction, with mercury commutator, similar to those used in India.
There were sixteen members, eight honorary members, and two visitors
present at this meeting.
The Twenty-first Meeting was held on Monday, February 16th.
This meeting was devoted to the exhibition of specimens.
The President delivered a short inaugural addi-ess ; at the commencement
of which he humorously stated that he was about to open his presidency by
saying something unpleasant, but, as he had a precedent for this in some
remarks of the late President's, and as he had been assured by an officer of
the Society that no one could give utterance to unpleasant truths with a better
grace than himself, he felt encouraged to proceed. The Society had been fed
upon pork, and had found it remarkably incMgestible, instead of the succulent
mental mincemeat which was fitted for infant digestions. The fault lay, it
was true, in their own ignorance, and not in their teachers, but he thought
that the readers of papers should not, in the plenitude of their superior know-
ledge, overlook the capacities and stomachs of their weaker brethren.
The speaker was vehemently applauded at the conclusion of his speech, and
those present proceeded to examine the specimens laid for exhibition on the
tables, including some fossils from the Museum, and some of A. Anson's, two
live snowbuutiugs exhibited by H. A. Macpherson, and some coins kindly
lent for the occasion by W. H. W. Searle.
The attendance at this meeting, the first of its kind, was fairly numerous.
The Twenty-second Meeting was held on Monday, February 23rd.
H. A. Phillips was elected a Member.
"W. E. Smith then read a paper on Air, in his usual lively and lucid style,
illustrating it by experiments to show the elasticity and other properties
of Gases.
In answer to some remarks in the course of the lecture about ventilation
without draught, Mr. Bradby explained the system of ventilation in use at
the College, which is that invented by Mr. Watson.
The lecture, though short, had none of the faults complained of by the
Pkesident at tlie preceding meeting, filling it wth obscure allusions and
technicalities, as few as possible of these latter being used.
There were three honorary members, twenty members, and eleven visitors
present at this meeting.
The Twenty-third Meeting was held on Monday, March 9th.
C. Gurdon and R. G. Cope were elected Members of the Society.
A. Anson read a paper on the Unicorn and Sea Serpent, in which he
brought forward a large amount of evidence in support of the conclusion that
there was some large animal still existing in the Xorthem Seas, probably a
Saurian allied to the presimiably extinct Plesiosaur. On the votes of the
Society being taken, a large majority were found to be in favour of the
existence of the Sea Serpent.
A. D. Cakli.sle, Esq., then stated that he had seen a Sea Serpent in the
Indian Ocean, some 400 miles fi'om land ; it was about eight feet long.
G. E. Jeans, Esq., saw nothing to prohibit the supposition that this
latter was a conger-eel.
Rev. F. J. Hall had not actually seen a Sea Serpent, but he had seen
in Skye, the preceding summer, a gentleman who had.
G. C. P. Williams-Freeman and A. C. Batten had seen mermaids
preserved in glass bottles ; and A. D. Carlisle, Esq. said there was quite as
much evidence for the existence of these animals as for that of the Sea Serpent.
There were eight honorary members, twenty-seven members, and ten
visitors present at this meeting.
The Twenty-fom-th Meeting was held on Monday, March 23rd, and was
devoted to exhibition of specimens and experiments.
J. W. Ewing and J. H. C. Coode were elected Members of the Society.
F. Podmore was re-elected Secretary ; and B. K. BourdiUon, L. S. Milford
and W. E. Smith were re-elected on the Committee.
The President exhibited the processes for determining the .specific
gravity of a substance, whether in or out of water. R. W. Bo«-yer, Esq.
exhibited under the microscope some slides presented to the Society by
W. H. Poole. H. A. Phillips superintended the working of a stiU of his
own construction, which extracted some spoonsful of alcohol from a flask
of port -mRe. "W. E. Smith produced a musical flame from the burning of
a jet of hydrogen in a long tube of glass, open at both ends. The President
exhibited some shells from the coast of "Wales. H. A. Macpherson a pair of
horns of an antelope, and some other animal, name unknown. J. R. T^visden,
Anthophora acervorum, and cells; and various other things were exhibited by
other members.
The attendance at this meeting, both of visitors and members, was
very good.
The TwenUr-fifth Meeting was held on Monday, May 4th.
H. Steward was elected a Member.
J. R. TwisDEN read a paper on the Habits of Ants. After describing the
8
habits and instincts of our common English species, he proceeded to sketch
the habits of the Brazilian Saiiba Ant, and to narrate some startling anecdotes
about this insect.
On the conclusion of the paper, a few questions were asked about the
habits of the common garden ant by the President and others.
There were twenty-five members, eight visitors, and twelve honorary
members present at this meeting.
The Twenty-sLxth Meeting was held on Monday, May 18th.
The President proposed, on behalf of the Committee, the following rules,
which were accepted by the Society : —
I. — That Sections be formed in the Society.
II. — That each Section have a Curator, whose duty it shall be, to act as
its Secretary, to have charge of the collection of the Society
belonging to his own Section, and to examine and register all
additions to that collection.
III. — That each Section appouit its own Curator, and arrange its own
meetings.
It was also proposed to substitute for the first half of Eule III. the
following : —
That a Committee be appointed, to consist of not more than seven, of
whom two shall be elected by the Society, the President, Secretary,
and Curators being members ex officio.
The amendment was passed unanimously.
T. S. Lea then read a paper on " The Solar System," accompanied by
diagrams and drawings, to illustrate the theory of eclipses, the relative
distance of the planets, and other points.
There were seven honorary members, thirty-one members, and seven
visitors present at this meeting.
The Twenty-seventh Meeting was held on Monday, June 1st.
F. PoDMORE read a paper on the Darwinian Theory.
At the conclusion of the paper, ui consequence of the lateness of the
time, all discussion on its subject was postponed.
There were ten honorary members, twenty-six members, and fourteen
visitors present at this meeting.
The Twenty-eighth Meeting was held on Monday, June 15th.
J. Charkington read a paper on Acoustics, with experiments illustrating
the non-transmission of sound in a vacuum, and other phenomena.
There were ten honorary members, twenty-six members, and twelve
visitors present at this meeting.
The Twenty-ninth Meeting was held on Monday, June 29th.
In the absence of the President, the Secretary took the chair.
E. T. Allen read a paper on the " Common Flea," in the course of
which he gave some interesting details of the training and performances of
those animals. In consequence, partly, of the concert rehearsal, which unfor-
tunately was going on at the same time, the attendance at this meeting was
unusually small.
There were thirteen members and four visitors present.
The Thirtieth Meeting was held on Monday, Jiily 13th.
H. A. Phillips read a paper on the Structure of the Human Eye. The
lecturer, who was singularly clear in his explanation, gave a short account of
the various coats, humours, and muscles of this organ, illustrating each point
by large coloured diagrams.
At the conclusion of the paper, the President rose to propose a vote of
thanks to the lecturer, who was to leave them next morning, as well for the
interesting paper which they had just heard, as for his services rendered to
the Society in assisting in the preparation of former lectures, and in other
ways.
The motion was seconded by F. Podmoee, and accorded unanimously by
the Society.
The lecturer then proceeded to dissect a bullock's eye, and succeeded in
extricating the crystalline lens in a very glittering and perfect condition.
There were four honorary members, twenty-one members, and ten visitors
at this meeting.
The Thirty-first Meeting was held on Monday, July 20th.
At this meeting the Sections exhibited the specimens collected during the
term. The Botanical Section exhibited several plants not entered in the
Society's lists. The Entomological Section a number of Lepidoptera, and a
few Neuroptera and other insects, many of which were presented by R. W.
Bowyer, Esq. The Geologists showed a few fossils, none of them of any
very great rarity or beauty, except, perhaps, a piece of some quartzose rock
foimd in chalk.
The meeting was well attended by members and visitors, although no
honorary member was present.
The Thirty-second Meeting was held on Saturday, July 25.
This meeting was held for the purpose of electing officers for the ensuing
terin.
Mr. Hexsley, in a short speech, touched upon the present flourishing
state of the Society, which, in his opinion, was mainly owing to the fact that
the boys knew more and took more interest in the institution than the masters
(cries of " No, no !). He concluded by proposing a vote of thanks to the
Secretary and other officers of the Societj', for their imremitting zeal and
enthusiasm in its service.
The vote of thanks was seconded by J. E. Twisden, and carried unani-
mously.
C. W. Ridley was then elected Secretary, and F. H. Colson, J. R.
Twisden, A. Anson, T. S. Lea, and C. M. Sumner on the Committee.
The Committee then brought forward the two following riiles, which
were passed by the Society : —
I. — That the number of Members be limited to 30.
II. — That all subscriptions be paid in to the Secretary within the first
foi-tnight of the term ; the defaulter to pay a fine of 6d. for every
additional week ; and when his subscription is four weeks in arrear,
to cease to be a Member of the Society.
It was decided that a new Section should be formed after the holidays for
the discussion of certain branches of Xatural History which do not come under
the province of the other Sections.
10
The Thirty-third Meeting was held on Monday, September 28th, for the
election of Members.
S. C. Snow, F. S. Wilde, and A. B. Oddie were elected Members. H.
M. Stephens sent in his resignation.
There were fourteen members present at this meeting.
The Thirty-fourth Meeting was held on Monday, October 12th.
J. E. Innes read a paper on the Island of Eigg, accompanied by numerous
specimens and illustrations.
R. W. BcwYER, Esq., gave a lectiu'e on the Heart, explaining its struc-
ture and physiology. Afterwards the lecturer dissected a sheep's heart.
There were ten honorary members, seventeen members, and ten visitors
present at this meeting.
The Thirty-fifth Meeting was held on October 26th.
E. S. Dashwood and G. H. Vincent were elected Members.
R. G. Cope read a paper on the Nebular Theory of Laplace ; and C. "W.
Ridley read one on the Direct Uses of Insects. At the conclusion of the
papers, various questions were asked by the President and others.
There were seventeen members, five honorary members, and seven visitors
present at this meeting.
The Thirty-sixth Meeting was held on Monday, November 9th.
T. S. Lea read a paper on " Comets." After a few questions had been
asked on its subject, the Rev. A. Hensley read a paper on " Lime and Lime-
stone," in which he gave a description of the properties and uses of its various
forms. The audience then proceeded to examine some specimens which had
been arranged for inspection.
There were thirteen members, four] visitors, and five honorary members
present at this meeting.
The Thirty-seventh Meeting was held on Monday, November 23rd.
H. A. D. Wathen and G. C. Stapylton were elected Members of the
Society.
The Rev. A. Hensley continued his paper on " Lime and Limestones,"
in which he explained the various forms of coral and marble, and compared
the chalk now forming at the bottom of the sea with the old chalk formations.
There were, as at the previous meeting, numerous specimens arranged for
inspection.
There were seven honorary members, thirteen members, and five visitors
present.
The Thii-ty-eighth Meeting was held on Monday, November 30th, for
electing officers, etc.
R. G. Cope brought forward a motion that there should be a Conviviimi
at the end of the term. After a somewhat hot discussion, it was put to the
vote, and lost by a majority of 13 to 7.
A. D. Carlisle, Esq., was elected President for the ensuing year, in place
of Rev. A. Hensley, C. W. Ridley was elected Secretary, and F. H. Colson,
J. R. Twisden, and T. S. Lea, on the Committee. A vote of thanks to the
late President was then proposed, and carried unanimously.
There were twenty-one members present at this meeting.
11
LOCAL FAUNA.
Spacies printed in Italics are not in last year's lists.
MAMMALIA.
CHEIROPTERA.
Vespertilio Pipistrellus
Plecotus Auritus
Noctulinia Altivolans
CARNIVORA.
Mustek Vulgaris
,, Putorius
„ Ermiuea
Meles Taxus (one alive at AmweU, 1868)
Vulpes Vulgaris
INSECTIYORA.
Talpa Europsea
Sorex Araneus
„ Fodiens
Erinaceus Europseus
RODENTIA.
Lepus Timidus
„ Cuniculus
Myosus AveUanarius
Mus Musculus
„ Decumanus
,, Sylvaticus
Micromys Minufus
Arvieola Amphibia
Sciurus Vulgaris
AVES
RAPTORES. *
Falco Tinnunculus
„ Palumbarius
„ Nisus
„ Milvus (seen over Gallows Hill, 1872)
Stris Flammea
INSESSORES.
Lanius Excubitor
„ Collurio
,, Eufus
Muscicapa Grisola
Turdus Viscivorus
12
Turdus Pilaris
„ Musicus
„ Iliacus
„ Merula
Saxicola (Enanthe
„ Eubicola
„ Kubetra
Silvia Phoenicurus
„ Luscinia
„ Eubecula
„ Hortensis
„ Cinerea
„ Curruca
„ Atricapilla
TrocbUus
Arundiuacea
„ Sibilatrix
„ Pkragmitis
„ Locustella
Eegulus Cristatus
Troglodytes Europseus
Parus Major
„ Coeruleus
» ^^^^
„ Palustris
„ Caudatus
MotaciUa Yarrelii
J, Boarula
„ Eayi
Antbus Arboreus
„ Pratensis
Alauda Arvensis
Arborea
Emberiza Miliaria
„ Scbojiiielus
„ Citrinella
„ Cirlus
Pyrrbula Vulgaris
FringiUa Coelebs
„ Montifringilla
Domestica
Montana
'' Carduelis
„ Spinus
„ Cannabina
„ Linaria
„ Canescens
Coccotbraustes Cblor
Vulgaris
Sturnus Vulgaris
Corvus Corone
13
Corvus Fi-uo'ilegus
„ Moneuula
Pica Caudata
Garrulus Glandarius
Alcedo Hispida
Hirundo Rustica
„ Urbica
„ Eiparia
Cypselus Apus
Caprimulgus Europaeus
Picus Viridis
„ Minor
Yunx Torquilla
Certhia Familiaris
Sitta Europaea
Cuculus Canorus
Columba Palumbus
„ ^nas
„ Turtur
SCANSORES.
COLUMBINE.
Phasianus Colchicus
Perdix Cinerea
„ Eubra
GRALL^.
Charadrius Pluvialis
Vanellus Cristatus
Ardea Cinerea
Botaurus Stellaris (one in Hatfield Park)
Numenius Ar cuata
Scolopax Rusticola
„ Gallinago (seen at Gallows Hill in 1872)
Gallinula Crex
„ Chloropus
Anas Boschas
Podiceps Minor
Sterna Hirundo
Larus Canus
Zootica Vivipara
Anguis Eragilis
Coluber Natrix
Pelias Berus
Rana Temporaria
,, Escvdenta
Bufo Vulgaris
„ Calamita
Triton Palustris
„ Aquaticua
REPTILIA.
BATEACHIA.
14
COLEOPTERA.
Species printed in Italics ale not in last year's list.
This list of Coleoptera must be considered as veiy impertect, owing to
the great difficulty in identifying specimens, and the want of naturalists
enterprising enough to coUect these interesting insects. It wLU be seen that
there is no mark put against those of which there are specimens in the collec-
tion. The reason of this is that there are not many in the collection, and of
those that are in the collection several have not been properly identified.
Those that are marked as not being in last year's list are not new species
found since then, but some that were accidentally missed out in that list. A
few also which were put down in last year's list have been left out in this one,
as it was found that they had been wrongly identified, and had really never
been found here.
Pentamera.
Cicindela Campestris
Demetrias Atricapillus
Dromius Quadi'imaculatus
,, Quadrinotatus
Brachinus Crepitans
Clivina Fossor
„ CoUaris
NotiophUus Aquatieus
„ Biguttatus
Leistus Spinibarbis
„ Fulvibarbis
„ Ferrugineus
,, Eufescens
Nebria BrevicoUis
Carabus Monilis
„ Violaceus
„ Nemoralis
Lonicera Pilicornis
Badister Bipustulatus
Chloenius Vestitus
Fatrobus Excavatus
Calathus Cisteloides
,, Melanocephalus
Anchomenus Pallipes
„ Dor salts
Agonum Marginatum
„ Sex-punctatum
Poecilus Cupreus
Abax Striola
Platysoma Oblongo-pimctatus
Adelocia Picimanus
Steropus Madidus
Omaseus Melanarius
Bradytus Apricaria
Amara Communis
Ophomis Fiinctaiuliis
Passim
Under bark
Near Hoddesdon
Terrace-field
Parilion field
Passim
Ploughed fields
Passim
Near Amwell
Passim
Passim
Two specimens, 1871
Passim
One specimen, 1871
Two specimens, 1871
Bank of water -jump
Passim
Hertford Heath
One specimen, 1871
Hertford Heath
Passim
Passim
Hoddesdon fields
Passim
Passim
Passim
15
Harpalus Rufitornis
„ JEneus
,, Rubripes
Perypbus Littoralis
D)'tiscus Marginalis
„ Dimidiattts
Acilius Sulcatus
Agabus Cbalconotus
,, Bipunctatus
„ Bipustulattis
Gyrinus Natator
Myrmedonia Canaliculata
Homalota Cm-rax
,, Vestita
„ Carbonaria
Tacbyporus Chrysomelinus
„ Hypnoium
,, Bnmneus
Bolitobius Atricapillus
Quedius Tristis
,, Moloehinus
Stapyhylinus Erythroptenis
Ocypus Olens
„ Ater
„ Campressus
PhUontbus Splendens
,, ^neus
„ Marginattis
Xantholinus Fulgidus
„ Linearis
Stenus Jimo
„ Buphthalmns
Necrophorus Vestigator
,, Humator
„ Yespillo
Silpha Tboracica
„ Rugosa
,, Siimata
„ Obscura
Hister Cadaveriinis
Dermestes Murinus
Byrrbus Pilula
Dorctis Parallelopipedus
Sphoeridium Scarabseoides
Cetonia Aurata
Melolontha Vulgaris
Rhizotrogus Solstitialis
Geotrupes Stercorarius
„ Typh<Bns
„ Sylvaticus
Ontbophagus Nucbicomis
Aphodius Subterranens
Passim
Hoddesdon fields
Ponds on Hertford Heatb and Bath
Ponds on Hertford Heatb. Bath
Ponds on Hertford Heath. Bath
Ponds on Hertford Heatb
Pond on Hertford Heath
Passim
Passim
Mississippi field
Mississippi field
Mississippi field
Passim
Passim
Passim
Fungi on Hertford Heath
Passim
Hertford Heath
Avenue
Passim
Passim
Hertford Heath
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Mississippi field
Mississippi field
Mississippi field
Dead rats, Hertford Heath
Dead rabbits, Hertford Heath
Hertford Heath
Hertford Heatb
Passim
Terrace field
Passim
Cocoa-nut Matting
Quadrangle and Terrace
Passim
Hoddesdou
Passim
Passim
Passim
Hertford Heatb
Hertford Heath
Hertford Heath
Passim
16
Aphodius Fossor
Fimetarius
Prodromus
Erraticus
,, Riifipes
Atbous Hicmorrhoidahs
Agriotes Lineatus
Sputator •
Conjmbetes Eolosericem
Lampyris Noctiluca
Telephoinis Lividus
Fuscus
Maiachius Bipustulatus
Byturus Tomentosus
Niptus Hololeucus
Cis Boleti
Blaps Mucronata
Tenebrio Molitor
Lagria Hirta
Pyrochroa Coccmea
EhipiP^"^^® Paradoxus
Meloe Violaceus
Bruchus Semimrius
Sitones Lineatus
Apion (several species)
Aloplius Triguttatus
HyloHus Abietis
PbyUobius Unifornus
Otiorbynchus Sulcatus
Balaninus Nucum
Scolytus Destructor
Prionus Coriarius
Callidium Violaceum
Clytus Arietis
Saperda Populnea
Toxotus Meridianus
Bhaghm Inquisitor
Strangalia Aimata
Leptura Livida
Cryptocepbalus Senceus
Tiiuarcba Tenebricosa
Cbrysomela Polygom
Polita
Phyllotreta Nemorum
Crepidodera Ferricgmea
Cassida "Viridis
Vibex
Attelabus Coryli
Passim
Hertford Heath
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Hailey Lane
Hertford Heath
Passim
Passim
"Woodfield
Passim
Jampots in cupboards
Hailey Lane
HETEBOMERA.
Quadrangle
College Bread
Nettles
Passim
Passim
TETKAMEBA.
Passim
Passim
Passim
Amwell
Passim
Hertford Heath (one specimen)
Masters' garden
Passim
i:£d 1:2 &Hoddesdon fields
Green Lane (one specimen)
AmweU (one specimen)
"Woodfield
Woodfield
Passim
Mississippi field
Hoddesdon fields (one specimen)
Hoddesdon fields
Ponds on Hertford Heath
One specimen
17
TKIMERA.
Coccinella Bipunctata
Septem-punctata
Variabilis
'22-punctata
Dispar
Coni/lobala
Passim
Passim
Passim
Hoddesdon fields
Passim
Passim
HYMENOPTEEA, ACULEATA.
This list is not presented as containing the whole, or anything like the
whole, of the Bees and Wasps of the neighbourhood. It is the result of only
one season's collecting, and therefore its imperfections must be very numerous.
But it has been determined to publish the list for several reasons. The Acu-
leate Hymenoptera seem most unjustly neglected by the members of our
Society. WhUe a fair list of the Coleoptera of the neighboui'hood — a far
more difficult subject — has been in our hands for some time ; and a good list
of our Lepidoptera is one of the most important parts of our report ; this, I
believe, is the Hrst time that an attempt has been made to catalogue our
Hymenopterous treasures. It is hoped that the publication of this list, incom-
plete as it is, will break the ice, and that we shall in a few years have as good
a list of Hymenoptera as we already have of Lepidoptera.
As in the other lists, the species of which specimens are contained in the
Society's collection are distinguished by an asterisk.
DIPLOPTERA.
•Odynerus Spinipes
„ Quadratus
Vespa Crabro
„ vulgaris
End of Green Lane
End of Green Lane
Passim
Passim
ANTHOPHILA.
•Colletes [?] Succincta
Spheeodes Rufescens
* ,, Ephippia
•Halictus rubicundus
* „ Quadrinotatus
* „ Cylindricus
* „ Flavipes
„ Morio
* „ Minutus
* „ Nitidiusculus
Andrena Albicans
„ Gwj-nana
* ,, Atnceps
., Nigrofenea
* ,, Chrysosceles
Hoddesdon-road
Hoddesdon-road
Hoddesdon-road
Hertford Heath
Hoddesdon-road
Hoddesdon-road
Near Gallows hill
Hoddesdon-road
Hoddesdon-road
Hoddesdon-road
Hoddesdon-road
Hoddesdon-road
End of Green Lane
Hoddesdon-road
Hoddesdon-road
18
•Andrena Xanthura
Nomada Fabriciana
,, Solidaginis
* „ Lineola
„ Alternata
* „ Sesfasciata [?]
* ,, Succintta
Coelioxys Simplex
•Melecta Annata
*Osmia Eiifa
*Megaclii]e Centuncularis
Anthidium ilanicatum
♦Anthophora Acervorum
•Bombus Jlwscorum
* „ Senilis
* „ Sil varum
* ,, Ten-esti'is
* „ Lapidarius
„ Subterraneus
*Apis Mellifica
End of Green Lane
Hoddesdon-road
End of Green Lane
Hoddesdon-road
Hoddesdon-road
Hoddesdon-road
Hoddesdon-road
End of Green Lane
Hoddesdon-road
The Avenue
Hoddesdon-road
A study window
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
End of Green Lane
Passim
LEPIDOPTERA.
The list of 1873 has not received as many additions as we should like to
have seen. We hope this is not a sign of any falling off in the interest of col-
lecting these insects. The only new species found since 1873 which can be
called rare is X. Dicta;a: but there are some other rarities missed out in
the last list, namelv N. Chaonia and A. Leporina, which are placed in
this one. It has been impossible to mark in this list those of which specimens
are in the local collection, because at present the collection cannot be arranged
and identified for want of cabinets to put it in, for although we have got
some cabinets, they are not yet ready for use. It is ±o be hoped that they will
soon be ready for the reception of specimens : but, at the same time, there is
no reason why members should not contribute more than at present they do;
for the collection is very small when compared with the list, and even the
very commonest moths and butterflies will be gladly received from those
members who take an interest in this branch of Natural History.
MACRO-LEPIDOPTEEA.
Gonepterys Rhamni
A.poria Cratiegi
Pieris Brassicaj
,, RapsB
„ Napi
Eucloe Cardamines
Leucophasia Sinapis
Lasiommata Megcera
Eipparchia Semete
Passim
Hailey House Garden (one specimen)
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Hertford Heath (one spedmen)
Passim
Hertford Heath
19
Hippari'hia Janira
,, Tithonus
„ H)-peranthus
Coenonj-mpha famphilus
Cynthia Cardui
Vanessa Atalauta
„ lo
„ Polyehloros
„ Urticae
Argynnis Euphrosyne
Thecla Quereus
Chrsyophanus Phloeas
Polyomraatus Argiolus
„ Alexis
„ A»;estis
Pyrgus Alveolus
Nisionades Tages
Pamphila Linea
„ Sylvanus
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Occasionally
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Roman Road. Green Lane
Roman Road. Hertford Heath
Passim
Passim
Passim
Orchis field
Hertford Heath. Orchis field
Orchis field
Passim
Orchis field
NOCTUKKI.
Smerinthus OceUatus
„ Populi
„ Tififfi
Acherontia Atropos
Sphinx Ligustri
Choerocampa PorceUus
Macroglossa Stellatarum
„ Fueiformis
Sesia Cynipiformis
Macrngaster Arnndinis
Zeuzera jEscnli
Cossus Ligniperda
Hepialus Hectus
„ Lupulinus
,, Sylrinus
„ Humuli
Zygsena Lonicerae
„ Filipendulae
Nudaria Senex
Calligenia Miniata
Lithosia MesomeUa
,, Coraplanula
F.uchelia Jacobese
Chelonia Caja
„ Villica
Arctia Fuliginosa
„ Mendica
„ Lubricipeda
„ Menthastri
Not common
Not common
Palings
One at light
Passim
One on Hertford Heath
Passim
One on Hertford Heath
One on Pavilion field
Moorhen Pond
Occasionally
Hertford Heath
Passim
Passim
Occasionally
Orchis field
Orchis field
One specimen
Hertford Heath. Roman Road
Hertford Heath
Passim
Roman Road
Passim
Passim
One specimen (bred)
? common, o" one only
Passim
Passim
20
Arctia Urticae
Liparis Chrysorrlisea
,, Auriflua
,, Monacha
Urgyia Puditiunda
„ Gouostigma
„ Antiqua
Trtehiura Ciatagi
Poecilocampa Populi
Eriogaster Lanestris
Bombyx Neustria
„ Quercus
Odonestis Potatoria
Lasiocampa Quercifolia
Saturnia Carpini
Uropteryx Sambucata
Kpione Apiciaria
Eumia Cratsgata
Venilia Maculata
Angerona Prunaria
Metiocampa Margaritata
Eurymene Dolobraria
Pericallea Syringaria
Selenia Illunaria
„ Lunaria
Odontoptera Bidentata
Crocallis Elinguaria
Ennomos Tiliaria
„ Erosaria
Himera Pennaria
Phigalia Philosaria
Amptydasis Prodi-omaria
„ Betularia
Hemerophila Abruptaria
Cleora Licbenaria
Boarmia Eepandata
„ Ebomboidaria
Tepbrosia Extersaria
Pseudoterpna Cytisaria
Geometra Pa,pibonaria
lodis Vernaria
„ Lactearia
Pborodesma Bajularia
Hemitbea Tbymiaria
Epbyra Porata
„ Punctaria
„ Omicronaria
Astbema Luteata
„ Candidata
One at ligbt
Occasionally
Passim
One at light
Passim
Hertford Heath
Passim
One specimen (bred)
Passim
Larva, common
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
A few specimens
GEOMETRiE.
Passim
One at light
Passim
Passim
Hertford Heath
Hertford Heath ^
Occasionally at light
Not unfrequent
At light
Not common
Passim
At light. Palings
Not common
Passim
At light
Occasionally
Hertford Heath
Not common
Passim
Passim
Eoman Eoad
Hertford Heath
At ligbt, not common
Eoman Eoad
Hertford Heath
Hertford Heath
Hertford Heath
Hertford Heath
Not common
Hertford Heath
Passim
21
Avidalia Bisetata
„ Trigfimmata
,, Osseata
„ Straminata
„ Remutata
„ Imitaria
„ Aversata
„ Emarginata
Timandra Aniataria
Cabera Pusaria
„ Exanthemaria
Corycia Temerata
Halia Wavaria
Strenia Clathrata
Panagra Petraria
Fidonia Atomaria
Aspilates Strigillaria
Abraxas Grossulariata
Ligdia Adustata
Lomaspilis Marginata
Hibernia Rupricapraria
„ Leucophearia
„ Aurantiaria
„ Progt'Dimaria
„ Defoliaria
Anisopteryx -iEscularia
Chimatobia Bnimata
Oporabia Dilutata
Larentia Didj-mata
„ Pectinitaria
Emmelesia Artinitata
„ Alchemillata
„ Decolorata
Eupitbecia Vulgata
„ Centaureata
„ Subfulvata
„ RectangiUata
Lobophora Hexapterata
„ Viretata
Thera Simulata
Ypsipetes Ruberata
„ Elutata
Melanthia Ocellata
Melanippe Procellata
„ Rivata
„ Subtristata
„ Montanata
„ Fluctuata
Anticlea Rubidata
„ Badiata
„ Derivata
Coremia Propugnata
Hertford Heath
Hertford Heath
Not common
Not commoa
Common
At light
Passim
Roman Road
Roman Road, at light
Passim
Passim
Roman Road
Passim
Hertford Heath
Hertford Heath
Passim
Not common
Passim
Hertford Heath
At light
Hertford Heath
Hertford Heath
Passim
Passim
Hertford Heath
Hertford Heath.
Roman Road
At light
PaHngs
Palings
Palings
Roman Road
Palings
One specimen
One at light
Fives' Courts
Passim
Roman Road
Passim
Palings
Not common
22
Coremia Ferrugata
,, Unidentata
„ Biliueata
Phibalapteiyx Tersata
„ Lignata
,, Vitalbata
Scotosia Dubitata
Cidaria Miata
„ Picata
„ Corylata
,, Russata
„ Testata
„ Fulvata
„ Pyi'aliata
„ Dotata
Eubolia Cer\'inaria
„ Mensuraria
,, Palumbaria
„ Bipuiictaia
Anaitis Plagiata
Chesias Spartiata
Tanagra Chwrophyllata
Passim
Roman Road
Not common
Hertford Heath
At Ught
At light
Hertford Heath Green Lane
Occasionally
Hertford Heath
Occasionally
At light
Orchis field
Hertford Heath
Gallows' Hill
PaUngs
Hertford Heath
Hertford Heath
CU8PIDATES.
Platypteryx Lacertula
„ Hamula
„ Falcula
Cilix Spinula
Dicranura Furcula
„ Vinula
Stauropus Fagi
Petasia Cassinea
Pygaera Bucephala
Philodontis Palpina
Notodonta Camelina
Dictiia
Ziczac
Trepida
Chaonia
„ Dodonfea
Diloba Coeruleocephala
A few at light
Occasionally
Passim
Passim
One on Hertford Heath
Passim
One on Hertford Heath
At light
Passim
At light
Passim
One at light
Hertford Heath. Hailey Lane
One at light
One on Hertford Heath
Occasionally
Passim
I
Gonophera Derasa
Thyatira Batis
Cymatophora Diluta
„ Ridens
Bryophila Perla
At hght, Hertford Heath
At Ught
One at light
Passim
23
Acronycta Psi
„ Ltporina
„ Aceris
„ Megacephala
Leucania Conigera
,, Lithargyria
„ Comma
„ Straminea
„ Impura
,, PaUens
Gortyna Flavago
Hydjrwcia Nictitans
Axylia Putris
Xylophasia Rurea
„ Lithoxylea
„ Polyodon
„ Hepatica
Dipterygia Pinastri
Neuria Saponariae
Heliophobus Popularis
Cerigo C}1;lierea
Luperina Testacea
Mamestra Anceps
„ Brassicae
„ Persicariae
Apamea Basilinea
„ Oculea
Miana Strigilis
„ Faseiuncula
,, Funmcula
„ Arcuosa
Caraib-ina Morpheus
,, Alsines
Eusina Tenebrosa
Agrotis Segetum
„ Exclamationis
„ Corticea
„ Porph)Tea
„ Randa
Tryphoena Janthina
„ Orbona
„ Pronuba
„ Augur
Noctua Pleeta
„ C. Nigrum
„ Triangulum
„ Rhomboidea
„ Brunnea
„ Festiva
„ Baja
„ Xanthographa
Tseniwnmpa Gothica
Passim
One near Hertford Heatb.
Not common
Passim
At light
One at light
Passim
Passim
At light
At light
Occasionally
Passim
Passim
Not uncommon
Hertford Heath.
Not uncommon
At light
At light
Passim
Not common
Passim
One at Hght
At light
Passim
Passim
Passim
One specimen
Passim
Passim
Passim
At light
Larva in Hailey House Field
One specimen
One at light
Passim
At Sallows
24
Tseuiocampa Rubricosa
,, Instabilis
,, Stabilis
,, Gracilis
,, Munda
„ Cruda
Anthocelis Pistacina
„ Lunosa
Cerastis Vaccinii
.Scophelosoma Satellitia
Xanthia Citrago
„ Cerago
„ Fenuginea
C.rrhiedia XerampeKna
IJosmia Trapezina
Dianthaecia Capsincola
Hecatera Serena
Miselia Oxyacanthae
Agriopis Aprilina
Phlogophora Meticulosa
EuplexM Lucipara
Aplecta Nebulosa
„ Advena
Hadena Proteus
,, Dentina
,, Chenopodii
„ Siiaxa
„ Oleracea
„ Pisi
„ Thalassina
„ Geiiisfoe
Xylocampa Lithorhiza
Xylina Rhizolitha
Calocanipa Exoleta
Cucullia Verbasci
,, Umbratica
Heliodes Arbuti
Brephos Parthenias
Abrostola Urticae
,, Triplasia
Plusia Chrysitis
„ Iota
,, Gamma
Gonoptera Libatrix
Amphipyra Pp-amidea
,, Tragopogonis
Najnia Typica
Mania Maura
Catocala Nupta
Euclidia Mi
„ Glyphica
At Sallows, occasionally
At SaUows
At SaUows
At SaUows, occasionaUy
At SaUows, occasionally
At Sallows
At ligbt
Passim
Passim
Larva on Lime Trees
One specimen
Passim
Larva in Hailey Lane : at light
On Palings
Passim
Hertford Heath
A few specimens
Passim
One specimen
Terrace Field
Palings
On Palings
At light
Palings
Palings
Palings
Palings
One at light
Larva, common
Palings
Orchis field
OccasionaUy
At light
OccasionaUy
At Ught
At light
Passim
Passim
Passim
Hertford Heath
Hertford Heath
Passim
Orchis field. Roman Road
'•rcbis field. Roman Road
25
MOLLUSCA.
There are no new species in this year's list of Mollusca, but as this list is
so very nearly perfect, we should hardly have expected any. But the speci-
mens m the collection are not so numerous — in tact, there are only 15 sorts,
though some are rare, and most of them hard to find, being very small. Our
thanks for the specimens, as well as for the list itself, are due to F. Podmore.
As in most of the other lists, those of which there are specimens are marked
with an asterisk.
(Named from JefEreys's British Conchology).
CONCHIFERA.
Sphaerium Corneum River Lea
„ Rivicola River Lea
„ Lacustre Amwell
Pisidium Amnicum Amwell
„ Nitidum Amwell
Unio Pictorum River Lea
Anodonta Cygnea River Lea
„ Anatina River Lea
GASTEROPODA PECTINIBRANCHIATA.
"Neritina Fluviatilis Rye House
Paludina Vivipara River Lea
Bythinia Tentaculata River Lea
„ Leachii Amwell
Valvata Piscinalis AmweU
„ Cristata St. Margaret's
GASTEROPODA — PULMONOBRANCHIATA.
•Planorbis Nautileus Near Hertford
Albus St. Margarets
Glaber St. Margarets
Spirorbis Amwell
Vortex AmweU
Carinatus Amwell
Complanatus AmweU
Comeus Amwell
contortus AmweU
*Physa Hj'pnorum f St. Margarets
Fontinalis St. "
+ One specimen dead.
2G
Limn;ea Peregra
„ Auricularia
„ Stagnalis
„ Palustris
„ Truncatula
*Ancylus Fluviatilis
• „ Lacustris
Anon Ater
„ Hortensis
Limas Marginatus
„ Flavus
,, Agrestis
„ Maximus
Succinea Putris
,, Elegans
Vitrina PeUucida
Zonites Cellarius
„ AJliarius
,, Nitidulus
* „ Crystallinus
* „ Fiilvus
♦Helix Aculeata
„ Pomatia
„ Aspersa
„ Nemoralis
„ ,, var.
„ Hortensis
„ Arbustorum
„ , Tar.
„ Cantiana
„ Eufescens
„ Concuina (?)
„ Hispida
„ Fusca (?)
„ Caperata
„ Erieetorum
„ Rotnndata
• ,, Pygmaea
„ Pulchella
„ Lapicida
Bulimus Obscums
Pupa Umbilicata
•Vertigo Pygmaea
Clausilia Rolphii
,, Eugosa
Cocblicopa Lubrica
*Achatina Acicula
•Carycbium Minimum
Cyclostoma Elegans
Passim
Amwell
Passim
Passim
Pavilion Field
St. Margarets
Hoddesdon Fields
Passim
Passim
GaUows Hill
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
St. Margarets
Gallows Hill
Passim
Gallows Hill
Passim
Passim
Hoddesdon Fields
Hoddesdon Fields
GaUows Hill
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
St. Margarets
Banks of River Lea
Passim
Passim
Gallows Hill
Passim
Gallows Hill
Passim
Gallows Hill
Passim
Hoddesdon Fields
Passim
Gallows HUl
Passim
Passim
Rye House
GaUows Hill
Passim
Passim
St. Margarets
Passim
Gallows Hill
27
LOCAL FLORA,
The list of the Local Flora printed in the Society's report for 1873
having unfortunately heen found by no means as accurate as could be wished,
it has been determined to reprint the whole with the additions and corrections
which have been found necessar)-. In a considerable number of instances the
names of plants were found inserted in the former list without locaUty, and
without any authority which has yet been discovered. In such cases the
species has been struck off the list. It is to be hoped that the system of regis-
tration lately introduced into the Society may prevent such mistakes in future.
Beside this, an examination of the collections of two members of the Society,
from which the former list was almost entirely compiled, has proved that a
few species were WTonglv identified. _ .
The species which are contained in the Society's collection are distm-
pui'hed bv an asterisk ; and those which were not entered in the former list
are printed in italics. The nomenclature is that adopted by Dr. Hooker m
his Student's Flora of the British Jsles. S)-nonyms used in last year's list are
printed in brackets after the name of the species to which they belong.
The following species were wrongly identified : —
Eanunculus Lingua, by mistake for a large form of E. flammula.
Arabis hii-suta „ Sisymbrium Thaliana.
TrifoUum minus
Vicia lathyroides
Bidens ti-ipartita
Luzula pilosa
T. filiforme.
a starved specimen of Y. sativa.
B. cemua.
L. campestris.
The occurrence of the following species in the district requires con-
firmation : —
Arenana v ema
,, Triuervis
Hypericum Montanum
Oxalis AcetoseUa
Yicia SUvatica
Eosa Tomentosa
Epilobium Angustifolium
Circisea Lutetiana
Fedia Dentata
Erica TetraUx
Lithospermum OflBcinale
Veronica Buxbaumii
Nepeta Cataria
Lysimachia Vulgaris
„ Nununularia
Polypodium Vulgare
28
DICOTYLEDONS.
EANUNCULACEiE.
Clematis Vitalba
•Anemone Nemorosa
*Myosurus Minimus'
* Ranunculus Aquatilis
* ,, Hederaceus
* „ Flammula
* ,, Auricomus
* „ Sceleratus
* „ Acris
* ,, Repens
* „ Bulbosus
* „ Arvensis
« ,, Ficaria
♦Caltha palustris
* Pap aver Rhoeas
*Clielidonium majus
•Fumaria Officinalis
Passim
Passim
St. Margarets
Passim
Hertford Heath
Passim
The Avenue
Near Gallows Hill
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
PAPAVERACE.ffi:.
Passim
Gallows HiU
FUM.MIIACE.E.
AmweU
CRUCIFER.E.
•Nasturtium Officinale Passim
•Barbarea Vulgaris Passim
*Arabis PerfoUataf [Turritis glabra] Gallows Hill
*Cardamine Hirsuta Roman Road
* „ subsp. Flesuosa [C. Silvatica] Goldhinton "Wood
• „ Pratensis Passim
♦Sisymbrium Thaliana Near Gallows Hill
* ,", Officinale Passim
• „ Alliaria [Erysimum Alliaria] Passim
•Brassica Oleraeea Gallows Hill
* „ Campestris, subsp. Napus Amwell
• „ Sinapistrum [Sinapis Arvensis] Passim
*Erophila Verna [Draba] Near Gallows Hill
•Cochlearia ArmoraciaJ Passim
*Capsella Bursa Pastoris Passim
•SenebieraCoronopus [Coronopus Ruelli] Passim
Eaphanus Ruphanistrum Passim
RESEDACE.a;.
• Reseda Luteola
• ,, Lutea
Gallows Hill
Gallows Hill
t One specimen only, collected in 1872.
t A few scattered specimens only, all of which were found in the neighbourhood of
heaps of garden refuse, etc.
29
CI8TINE2E.
♦Helianthemum Vulgare
GaUows Hill
VIOLACE^.
Viola Odorata
Hailey Lane
„ Hirta (?)
Near GaUows Hill
* „ Canina
Passim
* „ Tricolor
Passim
POLYGALE*.
•Polygala Vulgaris
Passim
CARYOPHYLLE^.
Dianthus Amieria
Orchis Field
•Silene Inflata
Passim
•Lychnis Flos-cuculi
Passim
• „ Diurna
Passim
• ,, Vespertina
Passim
•Githago Segetum [AgrostemmaGithago] Passim
Cerastiuin(iuateniellum[Moencliia erecta] Hertford Heath
* „ Seniidecandrum
Near Hertford
• „ Glomeratum [C. Vulgatum] Passim
• „ Triviale [C. Viscosuml Passim
•Stellaria Aquaiica
St. Margarets
" „ Media
Passim
* „ Holostea
Passim
• „ Uliginosa
Passim
• „ Graminea
Arenaria Serpyllifolia
Passim
•Sagina Apetala
Passim
• „ Procumbens
Passim
•Spergula Arvensis
Passim
•Spergularia Rubra
Passim
PORTULACE^.
*Montia Fontana
Goose Green
HYPEKICINE^.
♦Hypericum Perforatum
Passim
,, Quadrangutum
Hertford Heath
* „ Humifusum
Hertford Heath
• „ Sirsutum
Hailey Lane
MALTACEiE.
♦Malva Silvestris
Passim
* „ Rotundifolia
Passim
„ Moscbata
GaUows HUl
TILIACE^.
Tilia Intermedia t
Passim
i Apparently planted in all the localities in the neighbourhood in which it has yet
been iound.
30
LINK^.
•Linum Catharticum
Passim
* „ Angustifolmm
Hertford Road
GERANIACE^.
•Geranium Pvrenaicum
Jfear Hertford
• „ MoUe
Passim
* „ Kotimdifolium
GaUows HiU
* „ Columbinum
Near Hertford
* ,, Dissectum
Near Hertford
* „ Robertianum
Passim
* „ Lucidum
Near Amwell
♦Erodium Cicutarium
Passim
ILICIXE.E.
*Ilex Aquifolium
Passim
CELASTRINE^.
*Euonymus Europaeus
Passim
BHAMXE^.
♦Rhamnus Catharticus
GaUows HiU
* „ FrangTila
Amwell
ACERENE^.
*Acer Campestre
Passim
• „ Pseudoplatanus t
Passim
LEGUMENOS-S:.
Genista Tinctoria
Passim
* „ Anglica
Hertford Heath
*Ulex Europaeus
Passim
♦ Cytisus Scoparius
Passim
Ononis Arvensis
Passim
„ Spinosa
*Medicago Lupulina
Hertford Heath
Passim
•Melilotus Officinalis
Passim
•Trifolium Arvense
Roman Road
• ,, Pratense
Passim
„ Medium
Passim
* „ Striatum
Near Hertford
* „ Seabrum
Hoddesdon-road
* „ Repens
Passim
„ Fragiferum
HaOey Lane
* „ Procumbens
Passim
„ Filifonne
Roman Road
•Anthyllis Yulneraria
GaUows HUl
+ Apparently planted in all the places in the neighbourhood where it has yet been
found.
31
♦Lotus Corniculatus
„ „ subsp. Tenuis
„ Major
•Omithopus Perpusillus
*Onobrvehis Sativa
•Vicia 'rctiasperma [Ervum]
♦ „ Hirsuta [Ervum]
* „ f'racca
• ,, Sepium
• „ Sativa
•Latbyrus Xissolia '
* „ I'ratensis
Passim
Hoddesdon Fields
Passim
Hertford Heath
GaUows HiU
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Hoddesdon Fields
Passim •
!Macrorrhizus [Orobus Tuberosus] Passim
Prunus Communis
„ Cerasus
•Spiraa Ulmaria
*Rubus P'ruticosus
*Geum Urbanum
•Fra^aria Yesca
ROSACEA.
Passim
Near Gallows Hill
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
*Poteutilla Comarum [Comarum Palustre] Pond in tbe Hoddesdon Fields
• ,, Tormentilla [Tormentilla OfficLualis] Passim
• „ Reptans Passim
• „ Anserina Passim
• ,, Fragariastrum Passim
„ Argentea Gallows Hill
Alchemilla Arvensis Passim
• „ Vulgaris Passim
*Agrimonia Eupatoria Passim
*Poterium Sanguisorba Gallows Hill
*Rosa Spinosissima Passim
• „ Rubiginosa Amwell
• „ Canina ■ Passim
Pyrus Malus Passim
• „ Aucupariat Hertford Heath
♦Crataegus Oxyacantha Passim
SAXLFRAGEiE.
*Saxifraga Tridactylites
* „ Granulata
Eibes OrosBulariaX
"Sedum Telephium§
* „ Acre
Passim
Passim
WaU of Amwell Churchyard
CEASSULACE^.
Amwell
Near Hertford
Myriophyllum Spicatum
HALORAGEiB.
Passim
+ One specimen only ; those in other places seem not to be really wild,
* Not reaUy wUd. } One specimen only.
32
Epilobium Hirsutuni
* „ Montanum
„ Tetragonum
Lythrum Salicaria
♦Bryonia Dioica
*Hydrocotyle Vulgaris'
Sanicula Europsea
Couium Maculatum
'Bnpleurum Rotundifoliwn t
Apium Sodiflomm
„ Imindatum [Heliosciadium]
Carum Bulbocastanum [Biinium]
Sison AniODium
Fimpinella Saxifraga
„ magna
Conopodtum Denudatum
♦Scandix Pecten- Veneris
Charophyllum Temulum
Anthriscus Silvestris
^thusa Cynapium
Silaus Pratensis
Angelica Silvestris
Peucedanum Sativum
Heracleum Sphondylium
Daucus Carota
*Caucalis Anthriscus
„ Infesta
Hedera Helix
*Cornus Sanguinea
•Viburnum Lantana
* ,, Opulus
• Sambucus Nigra
♦Lonicera Pericljinenum
Galium Verum
• „ Palustre
• ,, SaxatUe
• „ MoUugo
ONAGRARIE^.
Passim
Passim
Near "Ware
LYTHRACE^.
Near Amwell
CUCURBITACE^.
Passim
PMBELLIFER^.
Goose Green
Hertford Heath
Near Gallows Hill
St. Margarets
Lea and its Tributaries
Hertford Heath
Hertford Heath
Passim
Hertford Heath
Orchis field
Passim
Near Amwell
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Roman Eoad
Gallows Hill
Passim
Passim
Hailey Lane
Near St. Margarets
ARALIACE.S.
Passim
COKNACE.S.
Passim
CAPaiFOLIACBiE.
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
RUBIACE.aB.
Passim
Passim
var. "Witheringii
Passim
Passim
Passim
+ One specimen only.
33
•Galium Aparine
Passim
•Asperula Odorata
Hoddesdon Fields
•Sherardia Arvensis
Near Amwell
VALEBIANE^.
•Valeriana Dioica
St. Margarets
,, Officimilis
Near Amwell
•Valerianella Olitoria [Fedia]
Passim
DIPSACE^.
Dipsacus Silvestris
Passim
•Scabiosa Succisa
Hertford Heath
• „ Columbaria
Gallows Hill
• „ Arvensis
Passim
COMPOSITE.
Arctium Lappa
Passim
Centaurea Nigra
Passim
„ Scabiosa
Passim
„ Cyanus
Gallows Hill and Amwell
Carduus Nutans
Passim
„ Lanceolatus
Passim
„ Acatdis
AmweU
„ Arvensis [Cnicus'
Passim
„ Palustris [Cnicus^
Passim
Eupntorium Gannabinum
St. Margarets
Tussilago Farfara
Passim
Bellis Perennis
Passim
Inula Dysenterica [Pulicaria]
Passim
Bidens Cernua
Passim
Anthemis Cotula
Passim
Achilliea Ptarmica
Passim
„ Millefolium
Passim
Matricaria Parthenium^
Little Amwell
•Chrysanthemum Segetum
Near "Ware
„ Leucanthemum
Passim
Artemisia Vulgaris
Passim
•Gnaphalium Uliginosum
Hertford
•Filago Germanica
Hertford
Senecio Vulgaris
Passim
„ Silvaticus
Passim
„ Jacobfea
Passim
Lapsana Communis
Cicnorium Intybus
* HypochcBris Radicata
Helminthia Echioides
Tragopogon Pratensis
* ,, Forrifoiia'l
Ficris Hieracioides
*Leontodon Hirtua
* „ JJispidus
*Laetuca Virosa^
Passim
Passim
Passim
Field behind Mrs. George's
St. Margaret's
Passim
Passim
Near Gallows Hill
3c*y xicai vjraiiuws ni]|
escape from cottage gardens, but apparently established now.
)ecimen only. } One specimen only, apparently an escape.
t An escape irom
{ One specimen only.
34
Taraxacum Officinale [Leontodon Taraxacum] Passim
* (J re pis Ft fens
* „ Tarnxacifolia
Sonchus Arvensis
„ Oleraceus
Eieraciimi Pilosella
,, aUvaticum
Passim
Hoddesdon
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
CAMPANULACEJE.
Campanula Rotundifolia
* „ Glomerata
Passim
Chadwell Springs
ERICACEJJ.
Calluna Vulgaris
Passim
OLEINE^.
Ligustmm Vulgare f
Fruxinus Excelsior
Passim
Passim
APOCTNE.E.
Vinca MinorJ
Hailey Lane
GENTIAJJEJE.
*Chhra Perfoliata
Erythrtea Centaurium
Orchis field
Passim
CONVOLVULACE.E.
♦Convolvulus Arvensis
„ Sepium
Passim
Passim
BORRAGINE.E.
*Echium Vulgare Gallows Hill
•S)Tnpliytum Officinale Bauks of the Lea and its Tributaries
*Ancliusa Arvensis [Lycopsis] Gallows Hill
*Litliospermum Arvense Gallows Hill
*Myosotis Palustris Passim
* „ Lingulata [M. Coespitosa] Passim
* ,, Arvensis Passim
* „ CoUina Passim
„ Versicolor Passim
SOLANEiE.
Hyoscyamus Niger §
* Solanum Dulcamara
* „ Nigrum
Amwell
Passim
G.E.R. Station, Hertford
PLANTAGINE^.
*Plantago major
* „ Media
* „ Lanceolata
* „ Coronopus
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
SCROPHTJLARINE^.
Verbascum Thapsus
* „ Nigrum
Linaria Cymbalaria
Passim
Passim
AmweU
\ One specimen only, collected in 1872.
35
Linaria Spuria
„ Vulgaris
* „ Minor
Antirrhinum Orontium
*Scrophularia Nodosa
• ,, Aquatica
•Digitalis Purpurea
•Veronica Agrestis
* „ Heder.cfolia
• ,, Serpyllifolia
* „ Officinalis
* „ Chamaedrys
• „ Montana
• „ Scutellata
* „ Beccabunga
• „ Anagallis
Bartsia Odontites
'Euphrasia Officinalis
•Rhinanthus Crista-Galli
♦Pedicularis Silvatica
*Melamp)Tura Pratense
•Orobanche Major
Mentha Aquatica
„ Arvcnsis
Lycopiis Europseus
Oiigaimm Vtdgare
•Thymus Serpvllum
Near Wood field
Passim
Terrace field
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Hoddesdon fields
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Hertford Heath and Goose Green
Hertford Heath and Goose Green
OROBANCHEiE.
Hertford Heath and Goose Green
LABIATE.
Hertford Heath and Goose Green
Near Orchis field
Pond in Hoddesdon fields
Am well
Hertford Heath
*Calamintha Clinopodium [Clinopodium Vulgare] Passim
*Xepeta Glechoma [Glechoma Hederacea] Passim
•Prunella Vulgari
•Scutellaria Giilericulata
*Marnibium Vulgare
•Stachys Silvatica
* „ Pahistris
„ Arreiisis
* „ Betonica [Betonica Officinalis]
Galeopsis Tetralut
•Lamijim Purpureum
* „ Amplexicaule
* „ Album
* i> )> var.f
* „ Galeobdolon [Galeobdolon Luteum] Passim
*Ballota Nigra Passim
•Teucrium Scorodonia Passim
•Ajuga lleptans Passim
VERBENACE^.
Verbena Officinalis Amwell
+ With white blotches on the leaves. One s-pecinien only, coilicted in 1871,
Passim
Passim
Hoddesdon fields
Passim
Banks of the River Lea
Near the Orchis field
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Near Gallows Hill
36
•PrimTila Vulgaris
* „ Yens
Lysimachia Nmmnularia
AJiagallis Arvensis
*Polygomim Amphibium
* ,, Lapathifolium
* ,, Persicaria
„ Sydropiper
* „ A^iculare
„ Convolrulus
*Eumex Crispus
„ Sanguineus
„ Hydrolapathum
* „ Acetosa
* „ Acetosella
* Chenopodium A Ibmn
* „ BonusSetiriciis-Y
•Euphorbia Helioscopia
« „ Amygdaloides
* ,, Peplus
* „ Esigua
•Mercurialis Perennis
•XJrtica Urens
* „ Dioica
Humulus Lupulus
*IJlmus Campestris
Popiilus Tremula
»Salix Alba
* „ Caprea
* „ Repens [S. Fusca]
» Quercus Eobur
Fagus Silvatica
Coivlus AveUana
Carpinus Betulus
•Betula Alba
Alnus Glutinosa
PKIMULACE^.
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
POLTGOKE^.
Lea near St. Margarets
Goose Green
Passim
Goose Green
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
Eiver Lea and its Tributaries
Passim
Passim
CHESOPODIACEJi.
Passim
Hoddesdon
ECPHORBIACEJE.
Near Hertford
Hertford Heath
Passim
Passim
Passim
URTICE^.
Little AmweU
Passim
CANXABINE^
Passim
VLMACE^.
Passim
SALICINEiE.
Hertford Heath
Hertford Heath
Passim
Hertford Heath and Goose Green
CUPULIFERJE.
Passim
Passim
Passim
Passim
BETULACEiE.
Passim
Passim
t One specmen only, in a hedgerow, collected in 1874.
37
Anacharis Alsinastrum
• Orchis Mascula
« „ Maculata
• „ Morio
• „ Pyramidalis
• Gymnadenia'Conopsea
•Habenaria Bifolia
Ophrys Apifera
♦Listera Ovata
MONOCOTYLEDONS.
HYDROCHAEID.EJE.
Hertford Heath
ORCHIDE^.
Passim
Passim
Passim
Chadwell Springs
Chadwell Springs
Eoman Road
Pavilion field
Hertford Heath
•Iris Pseud-Acorus
•Alisma Plantago
Butomus Umbellatus
Potamogeton Natans
„ Lucens
* „ Preelongus
„ Densus
• „ Pectinatus
Eiver Lea
ALISMACE^.
Passim
River Lea
NAIADES.
Passim
plantagineus (?) River Lea
River Lea
River Lea
Eiver Lea
River Lea
LILIACE^.
•Paris Quadrifolia Goldhinton "Wood
•Scilla Nutans [Hyacinthus Nonscriptus] Passim
* Allium Vineale Field behind Mrs. George
JV'SC'BM.
Juncus Commimis [J. Effusus and J. Conglomeratus] Passim
• „ Glaucus
„ Articulatus
» „ Bufonius
•Luzula Campestris
Passim
Hertford Heath
Passim
Passim '
•Arum Maculatum
aboiiieje:.
Passim
Lemna Minor
„ Trisulca
LEMNACEJE.
Passim
Pond by Hertford Road
•Sparganium Ramosum
*Typha Latifolia
TYPHACE.T.
Near Amwell
Near Amwell
*Phleum Prateme
* Alopecurus Pratensis
*Phalaris Cunariensii'f
'Agroslis Canina
GRAMINE^.
Passim
Passim
Terrace field
Passim
■^ On a I'ubbiEh heap.
38
Hocus Lanatus Passim
*MeUca Vniflora Near Gallows Hill
*Glyceria Bigida Chalk-pit at Gallows HiU
"Briza Media Passim
"Fcstuca Elatior Passim
*Bro>nus Sterilia Passim
* ,, Mollis Passim
*Triiiciim Repena
*Lolium Perenne Near Hertford
*IIordeum Pratense St. Margarets
* „ Murinum Passim
ACOTYLEDONS.
FILICES.
Pteris Aquilina Passim
Asplenium Ruta-Muraria Terrace field
Scnlopendrinm Vulgare Terrace field
Nephrodium FUix-mas [Lastrea] Passim
Ophioglossum Vulgatum Hailey House Cricket Ground
EauISETACEiE.
Equisetum Arvense Passim
„ Silvaticum Hoddesdon-road
* ,, Palustre Near "Ware
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.
It may be remembered that in the report for last year the statistics of the
weather were omitted on accoimt of their incompleteness. It was then hoped
that we should be able to pnlilish a full and accurate set of tables for the year
1874, but this hope has unfortimately not been fulfilled. We have to lament
the complete loss of the statistics for the latter half of December — the most
interesting period of the year, — and the partial loss of those for April, August,
and September. But, in spite of these unfortunate losses, it was thought that
the part of the year during which the observations were complete was long
enough to warrant their publication.
In the temperature of the air both higher and lower readings have been
recorded in 1874 than in 1873. Those under 25^ were : 20° on March 11th,
22° on January 6th and 1 1th, and 23° on December 3rd, while the temperature
was down to 25° on January 7th and 12, and on December 4th. Those above
80° were : 81° on July 11th and 20th, 82° on July 14th, and 85° on Aug. 8th.
The recorded falls of rain for this year are, on the contrary, much smaller.
In 1873 there were three falls of more than one inch, viz., 1'39 on July 12th,
1-50 on August 24th, and 1-07 on September 30th. In 1874 there have been
no falls of more than one inch, and only the following of more than '70 in. :
•78 on Febraary 27th, -85 on July 11th (of this -75 fell in thirty minutes),
1-00 on September 4th, and "72 on November 29th. The total fall for the
year was 19-63 in. (including that in December, for an account of which see
the tables appended.) This gives a monthly average of 1 '63 — without Decem-
ber the total would be 17'79 and the average 1'61. The driest month was
March, in which 0'58 in. of rain fell ; next comes August, with 0'63 in. The
■wettest were October, with 3-08 in., and September with 2'36in.
39
JANUAEY.
THERMOMETERS.
THERMOMETERS.
Date
Rainfall.
Date
Rainfall.
1
Max.
Mln.
Wet.
Dry.
Max.
Min. ' Wet.
Dry.
1
0.00
48
*
35
35
17
0.09
50
33
34
2
0.09
18
0.00
40
\ 38
39
3
0.24
19
0.10
49
44
44
4
0.03
20
0.29
51
49
60
6
0.01
21
0.02
52
39
39
6
0.01
50
22
0.00
47
30
30
7
0.00
40
32
33
23
0.00
43
42
42
8
0.00
40
32
33
24
0.18
9
0.09
45
43
43
25
0.20
49
29
30
31
10
0.08
48
41
42
26
0.00
40
32
38
38
11
0.03
60
31
32
27
0.00
47
38
42
43
12
0.00
42
41
42
28
0.00
49
39
45
45
13
0.00
48
•
32
34
29
0.00
48
41
41
42
14
0.00
46
44
44
30
0.00
44
40
38
41
16
0.00
60
45
45
31
0.00
45
34
37
37
16
0.00
62.
44
45
Total Eainfaj
Ih OF THI
Month,
1.46
* The Thermometer readings were not satisfactorily preserved during
the holidays.
40
FEBEUARY.
THERMOMETERS.
THERMOMETERS.
Date.
Rainfall.
Date.
Rainfall.
I
Max. M.n.
Wet.
Dry.
Max. 1 Min.
Wet.
Dry.
1
0.00
47 36
42
43
17
0.05
47
40
42
42
2
0.00
47 40
39
40
18
0.04
45
31
34
34
3
0.00
44 32
40
40
19
0.01
42
31
33
33
4
0.01
43 34
34
35
20
0.00
43 30
froz.
31
5
0.10
43
29
froz.
29
21
0.02
41
30
34
34
6
0.00
43
22
„
23
22
0.02
45
30
41
42
7
0.00
31
25
„
28
23
0.05
45
41
41
41
8
0.00
43
28
39
40
24
0.10
45
40
40
41
9
0.02
42
29
froz.
29
25
0.01
45 1 31
35
35
10
0.00
35
27
„
29
26
0.03
44 '' 30
42
42
U
0.00
34
22
„
25
27
0.78
48 i 40
42
43
12
0.00
32
25
»
29
28
0.00
50
34
38
38
13
0.00
44
37
44
45
14
0.04
49
47
46
47
15
0.04
50
45
46
47
1
16
0.00
51
49
45
46
Total Ej
LINTA
LL OF TH)
B Month
1.32.
41
MARCH.
i
THERMOMETERS.
THERMOMETERS.
Date.
Rainfall.
1
1
Date
, Rainfall.
1
Max
i
Mil). Wet
Dry
Max.' Min
Wet
'Dry.
1
0.02
48
38 1 45
46
17
0.00
54 45
48
49
2
0.00
52
41 42
42
18
0.09
55 42
49
' 49
3
0.01
49
38 1 39
39
19
0.00
66 37
44
' 45
4
0.00
48
30
33
33
20
0.03
61 38
40
43
5
0.00
43
34
39
40
21
0.00
61 38
43
45 '
6
0.00
48
39
39
41
22
0.00
62 4S
50
61
7
0.00
49
32
34
34
23
0.00
55 46 52
63
8
0.00
47
29
33
33
24
0.00
61 44
46
46
9
0.00
47
33
41
41
25
0.00
57 38
41
41
10
0.11
43
25
28
*
26
0.00
* I *
•
* 1
11
0.08
37
20
27
*
27
0.00
52 33
38
39 '
12
0.02
34
24
31
*
28
0.01 [
59 41
44
47
13
0.00
40
31
35 1
35
29
0.03
0.00
56 41
61 54
14
0.10
44 34
41 !
43
30
57 43 45
49
15
0.02
49 41
47
48
31
0.06
55 48 52
53
16 '
0.00
62 42
47 '
49
i ! i
Total Eainfall of the
Month,
0.58.
* These entries are lost.
42
APIIIL.
THERMOMETERS.
THERMOMETER!?.
Date.
Rainfall.
1 1
Date.
Rainfall.
1 1
Max.
Min. Wet.' Dry.
Max.
Min.
Wet.
Dry.
1
0.00
59
38
44
45
16
0.01
2
0.01
*
17
0.00
3
0.27
18
0.15
4
0.07
19
0.01
5
0.31
20
0.00
1
6
0.00
21
0.00
7
0.00
22
0.00
8
0.01
23
0.00
9
0.63
24
0.00
i
10
0.00
1
1
25
0.00
65
t
59 61
11
0.00
26
0.00
70
52
58 61
12
0.07
27
0.00
71
47
57 60 j
13
0.01
28
0.00
71
47
52
55
14
0.11
29
0.00
62
39
45
49
15
0.00
30
0.00
55 36
48
51
Total Rainfall of the
Month,
1.56.
1
The readings taken during the holidays were so untrustworthy that it
has been thought unnecessary to publish them.
t Untrustworthy.
43
MAY.
RainfaU.
THERMOMETERS.
Date.
Rainfall
THERMOMETERS.
ite.
1 ' '
Max.
Min. "Wet.
Dry.
Max.
Min.
Wet.
Dry,
1
0.00
62
36
44
46
17'
0.00 !
66
36
45
48
2
0.00
sa
36 !
42
46
18
0.00
59
36
46
47
3
0.00
64
36
42
45
19
0.00
59
40
48
60
4
0.16
58
36
40
43
20
0.00
67
42
49
51
5
0.02
59 36
42
45
21
0.00
69
39
52
64
6
0.00
66 40
46
49
22
0.00
62
48
66
58
7
0.01
62
39
45
48
23
0.11
67
51
62
52
8
0.00
67
39
43
43
24
0.06
62
51
59
61
9
0.00
65
36
43
45
25
0.00
67
52
60
62
10
0.06
55
36
45
47
26
0.39
68
50
58
60
11
0.00
67
37
46
48
27
0.00
73
48
69
61
12
0.00
58
35
44
47
28
0.00
73
64
61
63
13
0.00
69
36
48
49
29
0.00
76
65
60
62
14
0.00
59
36
47
,48
30
0.00
70
53
69
62
15
0.13
66
47
48
48
31
0.00
71
52
61
63
16
0.00
59
35
43
48
Total Eainfall of the Month, 0.93.
44
JUNE.
Rainfall.
THERMOMETERS.
THERMOMETERS.
Date.
Date.
Raiiifall.
Max.
Mm. Wet.
Dry.
Max
Min
Wet.
Dry.
1
0.00
70
54 1 63
67
16
0.03
62
48
51
52
2
0.00
73
54 ' 65
68
17
0.43
-60
49
50
50
3
0.15
72
56 1 61
63
18
0.03
63
50
53
56
4
0.00
77
50 1 61
66
19
0.00
60
48
48
51
5
0.00
70
1
52 I 61
66
20
0.01
«
42
«
*
6
0.00
73
69 ' 65
67
21
0.00
62
«
50
66
7
0.55
74
55 ' *
57
22
0.00
63
44
65
60
8
0.00
66
49 55
61
23
0.00
70
50
58 1 63
1
9
0.00
70
57
67
67
24
0.66
70
53
55 57
10
0.00
77
66
60
65
25
0.11
65 60
65
59
11
0.00
70
48
65
61
26
0.00
70 63
65
68
12
0.00
73
46
47
67
27
0.03
62 54
56
55
13
0.00
60
40
45
60
28
0.00
70 61
66
60
14
0.00
69
42
48
63
29
0.10
65 54
67
62
15
0.00
60
45
50
54
30
0.03
70
55
68
63
Total Eainfai
.L OF THE
Month,
2.26.
* These entries are lost.
45
JULY.
Date.
THERMOMETERS.
THERMOMETERS.
Rainfall.
1
Date.
Kainfall.
Max.! Min.
1
Wet.
Dry.
Max. Min.
Wet.
^-
1
0.03
73
60
60
61
17
0.00
73
64
59
63
2
0.03
70
56
67
70
18
0.00
75
61
57
61
3
0.00
79
59
60
67
19
0.00
74
54
64
67
4
0.00
72
56
68
63
20
0.00
81
58
68
74
6
0.04
70
53
56
63
21
0.00
t
60
59
64
6
0.00
70
63
54
62
22
0.00
73
56
69
64
1
7
0.00
70
50
58
65
23
0.00
72
68 ' 60
65
8
0.00
73
61
61
67
24
0.00
74
63 68
64
9
0.00
75
56
65
73
25
0.50
70
50 57
68
10
0.00
79
65
67
73
26
0.07
71
56 58
58
11
0.85»
81
64
66
70
27
0.01
70
67 : 58
62
12
0.21
75
60
61
64
28
0.11
70
56
68
69
13
0.00
74
60
65
68
29
0.11
71
52
60
64
14
0.00
82 59
65
70
30
0.08
70
62
57
62
15
0.00
78 1 61
63
70
31
0.00
71
X
59
66
16
0.00
76 i 56
62
67
1
loTAL RADfFALL OF THE
Month,
2.04.
• Of this .75 fell in 30 minutes.
t The Max. Thermometer was found registering 111 this morning.
J Untrustworthy.
46
AUGUST.
Date.
Rainfall.
THERMOMETERS.
Date.
RainfaU
THERMOMETERS.
1
Max.
Min. Wet.
Dry.
Max.
Min.
Wet.
Dry.
1
0.06
73
•
61
63
17
0.00
69
54
69
2
0.00
71
65
67
18
0.00
68
66
64
3
0.00
72
55
61
19
0.00
70
63
65
4
0.01
70
65
57
20
0.00
75
63
66
5
0.11
63
64
56
21
0.00
78
69
60
6
0.01
62
51
69
22
0.00
71
54
69
7
0.00
70
60
63
23
0.00
70
56
61
8
0.08
86
66
61
24
0.00
73
50
54
9
0.08
70
65
61
25
0.02
67
67
60
10
t
26
0.00
70
57
65
11
27
0.00
69
56
60
12
28
0.04
70
66
66
13
29
0.00
68
54
54
14
30
0.20
64
65
57
15
31
0.06
67
54
66
16
0.00
70
60
64
Total Eainfall of the
Month,
0.67.
* The readings of the Minimum Thermometer taken during the holidays
are untrustworthy,
t The readings from the 10th — 15th were not taken.
47
SEPTEMBER.
THERMOMETERS.
THERMOMETERS.
Date.
Rainfall.
Date.
Rainfall.
Max.
Min.
"Wet.
Dry.
Max.
Min
Wet.
57
Dry.
60
1
0.09
70
•
64
66
16
0.00
63
2
0.03
72
69
69
17
0.01
64
61
60
3
0.00
70
57
58
18
0.00
58
54
55
4
1.00
70
62
55
19
0.00
62
46
63
55
5
0.00
67
55
58
20
0.00
62
53
67
60
6
0.00
63
64
54
21
0.08
68
57
60
61
7
0.14
63
55
55
22
0.02
69
53
56
60
8
0.03
64
69
60
23
0.00
64
50
57
67
9
0.00
60
57
60
24
0.14
61
54
57
58
10
0.37
62
50
53
25
0.01
65
54
60
61
11
0.03
62
51
54
26
0.00
70
52
67
60
12
0.24
62
52
52
27
0.00
70
51
69
60
13
0.04
62
52
62
28
0.00
67
55
59
60
14
0.00
61
57
63
29
0.04
67
57
66
60
15
0.00
63
54
54
30
0.09
65
52
64
65
Total Kainfa
XL OF TH]
3 Month,
2.36.
• The readings of the Minimum Thermometer taken during the holidays
are untrustworthy.
48
OCTOBER.
THERMOMETERS.
THERMOMETERS.
Date
Rainfall.
Date
Rainfall.
1 1
Max.
Min.
Wet. Dry.
\
Max.
Min.
Wet.
Dry.
1
0.65
62
54
55
57
17
0.02
59
48
»60
51
2
0.38
64
48
52
62
18
0.04
58
50
52
53
3
0.16
58
43
45
48
19
0.01
60
49
62
63
"4
0.01
56
46
49
50
20
0.00
57
41
44
45
5
0.04
54
41
45 ' 48
21
0.00
59
44
61
53
6
0.00
54
38
45 47
22
0.02
56
41
42
44
7
0.41
55
45
64 64
23
0.00
51
37
39
41
8
0.37
58
41
44
45
24
0.00
48
39
43
44
9
0.01
63
41
61
52
25
0.00
54
44
53
53
10
0.06
58
44
50
60
26
0.04
67
52
64
54
11
0.01
59
49
54
54
27
0.06
59
52
54
65
12
0.03
61
51
53
54
28
0.01
61
64
55
56
13
0.00
61
51
55
56
29
0.00
61
51
51
62
14
0.00
62
51
52
52
30
0.24
58
49
50
60
15
0.21
60
54
57
57
31
0.10
53
49
49
50
16
0.20
63
53
55 [ 55
'
rOTAL EaINFALL OF THE
Month,
3.08
49
NOVEMBER.
THERMOMETERS.
THERMOMETERS.
Date.
Rainfall.
Date.
Rainfall.
Max.
Min.
Wet.
Dry.
Max.
Min. Wet.
Dry.
44
1
0.00
53
46
46
47
16
0.04
47
41
42
2
0.00
51
46
47
47
17
0.19
53
43
44
46
3
0.01
53
43
44
45
18
0.13
50
42
49
50
4
0.01
62
39
43
44
19
0.07
53
46
46
47
6
0.01
54
43
48
48
20
0.06
50
40
39
40
6
0.00
54
48
53
53
21
0.00
46
33
33
33
7
0.00
57
44
44
45
22
0.01
39
27
froz.
28
8
0.00
53
34
38
39
23
0.01
37
26
)>
28
9
0.00
49
37
48
49
24
0.00
37
28
)>
29
10
0.01
55
47
50
51
25
0.03
37
29
37
37
11
0.00
52
31
31
33
26
0.13
38
31
froz.
31
12
0.02
40
29
froz.
32
27
0.00
34
28
»
29
13
0.04
39
32
39
39
28
0.00
33
29
„
33
14
0.01
43
33
35
36
29
0.72
49
33
46
46
15
0.08
43
36
43
43
30
0.25
47
38
41
41
Total Ka
INFALL or THE
Month,
1.83.
50
DECEMBER.
THERMOMETERS.
THERMOMETERS.
1
Max.
Min.
Wet. Dry.
i
Max.
Mia.
Wet.
Dry.
1
0.40
43
37
37
37
9
0.63
50
36
39
39
2
0.00
41
27
26*1 27
10
0.05
40
29
froz.
30
3
0.00
34
23
froz.
25
11
0.23
35
29
35
35
4
0.01
35
25
)>
32
12
0.11
42
35
41
41
5
0.00
45
32
45
45
13
0.10
42
35
35
35
6
0.01
48
37
46
47
14
0.03
39
32
32
32
7
0.12
62
35
33
35
15
0.02
37
29
froz.
29
8
0.01
40
33
36
36
16
0.12
33
29
»
29
Total r
ainfall of the first six
teen c
ays of the
men
th 1.84.
The record of the rain during the holidays has unfortunately been lost ;
and the readings of the thermometers preserved during that period seem
so untrustworthy (in some cases they are glaringly impossible) , that it has
been thought best not to pubUsh them. The loss of the registrations of
the temperature is much to be regretted, seeing that the weather during
this part of the year was perhaps more interesting than that of any other
part. The loss of the rainfall is not so much to be regretted, since after
the beginning of the snow (Dec. 14th) it is known that the fall was ex-
ceedingly small.
Notwithstanding the lowness of the temperature, the water was
not frozen.
51
SUMMARY.
Thermometees.
Kainfall.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
Mean
Deg.
a
.a
a V
o
Greatest
fall in one
day.
Deg
Day. . Deg
Day.
Mean
Deg.
Mean
Deg.
Inch
Day.
20
Jan...
62
im
46.6
1.46
17
.29
Feb..
61
16
22
.;i
43.4
33.4
37.3
1.23
13
.78
27
Mar...
62
22
20
11
60.3
36.9
43.6
.58
19
.11
10
April.
1.26
18
.53
9
May...
76
29
35
«
64.1
44.0
63.8
.93
23
.39
26
Jirne..
77
i M
t 10/
40
13
67.4
60.6
68.9
2.13
18
.66
24
July...
82
14
60
( 7)
)25l
75.1
53.6
65.8
2.04
19'
.86
11
Aug...
86
8t
70.2
.67
15
.20
30
Sept...
72
2
64.9
2.36
16
1.00
4
Oct...
64
2
37
23
57.7
46.8
62.2
3.08
9
.66
1
Nov...
67
7
26
23
46.6
36.7
41.8
1.83
11
.72
29
Dec...
1.84
at
.63
9
Total
1
1
19.41 180
1
* This was the. minimum on no less than ten days :- the 2nd, 4th, 6th.
9th, 10th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 16th, 18th. > > >
t The records for six days are lost.
-^i^nJ^ tt^CA Jmn
X The records for the latter half of the month are lost. ' '^^'
\
52
-- -^ ^ o
o
03 P « O H H
« C4 Ti< 00
«A -4 (N -I
O
>
UJ
O
UJ
oc
a 2
Sow
a ^ «2
•c -c
^
